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;1 ■ . i

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rSf

HAKLUYT'S

COLLECTION OF THE EARLY

VOYAGES, TRAVELS, AND DISCOVERIES,

OF THE

ENGLISH NATION.

A NEW EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS.

VOL II.

-I

PBINTED FOR ». II. ETANS, 26, PALL MALLJ J. MACKINLAY, STRAND;
AND E. PRIESTLEY, IIOLDORN.

1810.

■ N

'>'l

Uv.anail

^Ji

OF Tins K.,.T.ON THRRE AHE ONLV «50 COPIES PRINTED ON ROYAt. PAPER AND 7J

04 f^

o. w,„dr.ii, p,„„„, i.„„„o„„.„,, ,.„„j„„.

ON IMPERIAI. PAPHR.
a H00DF4/.I.

tHe second volvme

OF THE PRINCIPAL

NAVIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAFFIQVES,

AND

DISCOVERIES

OF THE

ENGLISH NATION,

MADE BY SEA OR OUER-LAND,

RIAL papi:r.

SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST PARTS OF THE WORLD,

AT ANY TIMK WITHIN THE COMPASSE OF THESE 1600. VERES:
DIUIDED IXTO •nvo SF.l'ERALL PARTS:

WHEREOF THE FIRST CONTAINETH
^ THE PERSOSALL TRAVELS, Ac OF THE ESGLISH, "

TimUUIill AND WITHIN THE STREIOHT OF GIBRALTAR,

AI.ORR, TUNIS, ANDTRIPOI.IS IN BARBARY, TO ALEXANDRIA AND CAIRO IN AEOYPT, TO THE ISLES OF SICILIA, ZANTP,

CANDIA, RIIOUIS, CYPRIS, AND CHIO, TO THE CITIE OF ('ONSTANTINOPLE, TO DICI'RS PARTS OF ASIA MINOR,

TO SYRIA AND ARMENIA, TO lERfSALEM, AND OTHER PLACES IN »'D/EA;

AS AtSO TO

ARABIA, DOWNR THE RIIIKR OP EUPHRATES, TO BABYLON AND BALSARA, AND SO THROUOH THE PERSIAN CITPH TO
ORMUTZ, CIIALI, GOA, ANDTO MANY ISLANDS ADIOYNINC VPON THE SOITH PARTS OP ASIA;

AND IIRRWIKB FROM

OOA TO CAMBAIA, AND TO ALL THE DOMINIONS OF ZKLAIIDIM ECIIEBAR THE GREAT MOGOR, TO THE MIGHTY

RIUKR OF GANGES, TO Bl NUALA, ARACAN, BACOI.A, AND CHONDERI, TO PEOl', TO lAMAHAI IN THE KINCDOMP.

<1P SUM, AND ALMOST TO THE VERY FRONTIERS OF CHINA.

THE SECOND COMPREHENDETH

THE VOYAdES, TRAFFICKS. .Vc. OF THE ENGLISH SATIOX,

MADE WITHOIT THE STREIGHT OF GIBRALTAR,

TO TUB .

ISLANDS OF THE ACORES, OP PORTO SANTO, MADERA, AND THE CANARIES,

TO THE KINCiDOMES OF UARUAUY, TO THE ISLES OF CAPO VERDE,

TO Tin: RIUEns op senega, GAMIIRA, MADKAHIMUA, and sierra LEONA, TO THE COAST OP GUINEA AND BENIN,

TO THE ISLES OF S. THOME AND SANTA HELENA, TO THE PARTS ABOUT THE CAPK OF BUONA ESPERANZA,

TO Ql ITAN(J0NE NEERE MOZAMBIQUE, TO THE ISLES OF COMORO AND ZANZIBAR,

TO THE CITIE OF GOA, BEYOND CAPE COMORI, TO THE ISLES OF NICUBAR, GOMES POLO, AND PULO PINAOM,

TO THE MAINE LAND OF MALACCA, ANDTO THE KINGDOME OF lUNSALAON.

Bv RICHARD HAKLVYT piieacheu,

AND SOMI.IIMK STUDENT OF CIIRISI-CIIVUCH IN OXFORD.

IMPRINTED AT LONDON IIY CIEORGF. lUiiUOP, RALPH NEWBERY,
A.NU UOUr.RT UARKER.

ANNO 1509.

^11
11

"Ite

MKMMnMHIIilMMtt^'i^:' -

riEDICATION TO THE FIRST EDITION.

• TO TllE

• RIGHT HONORABLE

SIR RODEUT CECIL KNIGHT,

Pbincipall Secretarie to iiF.R Maiestie, Master of the Court of VVardes and Liveries, ami
ONE OF her Maiestif.s most honourable 1'riuir Coun.seu.

RIGHT Honorable, liaiiing newly finished a Treatise of the lontj Voyages of our Nation
made into tlic Lciiaiit within the Striight of Gibraltar, & from thence oiicr-land to the South
and Soulhea«it parts of the world, all circumstances considered, 1 found none to whom I
fh<)Uij;ht it litter to bee presented then to your sclfe: wherein hailing begun at the highest
Antiquities of this rialnie vnder the gouernmcnt of the Romans; next vndcr the Saxons;
and thirdly since the conqiie'it vnder the Normans, I hauc continued the histories vnto the>e
our dayes. The time of the Romans atfoordeth small matter. Hut after that they were called
hence by forreit inuasions of their Empire, and the Saxons by degrees became lords in this
Hand, and shortly after recciued the Christian faith, they did not onely ir\uell to Rome,
but passed further vnto lerusalem, and therewith not contented, Sigchnus bit-hop of Shire-
burnc in Dorcetshire caried the almes of king Alfred euen to the Sopnicher of S. Thomas in
India, (which place at this day is called Maliupor) and bnnight from thence most fragrant
spices, and rich icwcis into England: which icwels, as William of Malmesburie in two
sundry treatises writcth, were remaining in the aforesayd Cathedrall Church to be scene
euen in his time. And this most memorable voyage into India is not onely mentioned by
the aforesayd Malmesburie, but also by Florcntius Wigorniensis, a grauc and woorthy Author
which liued before him, and by many others since, and euen by M. Foxc in his first volume
of his Acts and Monuments in the life of king Alfred. To omit diners other of the Saxon
nation, the Irauels of Alured bishop of Worcester through Hungarie to Constantinople, and
so by Asia the Icsse into Phoenicia and Syria, and the !U«* course of Ingulphus, not long
afterward Abbot of Croiland, set downe particularly by i > ^-Ife, arc things in mine opinion
right worthy of mcmorie. After the comming in of the K(.r..ians, in the yeere 1096, in the
reigne of William Rufus, and so downward for the space of :.boue 3()0 yeeres, such was the
ardent desire of our nation to visite the Holy land, and to cxpell the Saracens and Mahu-
metans, that not only great numbers of Eries, Bishops, Rarons, and Knights, but euen
Kings, Princes, and Pecrcs of the blood Roiall, with incredible deuotion, courage and
alacritie intruded themselues into this glorious expedition. A sufl'icient proofe hereof are
the voia;;es of prince Edgar the nephew of Edmund Ironside, of Robert Curtois brother of
William Rufus, the great beneuolence of king Henry the 2. and his vowe to hane gone in
person to ihe su( conr of lerusalem, the personall going into Palestina of his sonnc king
Ricliard tlie lirst, with the chiualrie, wealth, and shipping of this realme; the large contri-
bution of king bi'm, and the trauels of Oliucr Fitz Roy his sonne, as is supposed, with
Raiiulph Glanuilc Eric of Chester to the siege of Damiata in /ligypt: the prosperous voyage
of Richard Erie of Cornwall, elected afterward king of the Romans, and brother to Henry
the :i, the famous expedition of prince Edward, the first king of the Norman race of that

VOL II. b name:

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.

name; the iourncy of Henry Eric of Derbie, duke of HerefonI, and anerward king of this
realme, by the name of Henry the 4 against the riiic of Tunis in Africa, and his preparation
of 8hip<i and gallie<i tu go himselfc into the Holy land, if he had not on the sudden bene
preiientcd by death; the iraucl of lohu of ilnlUnd hrothcr Uy tha mothrr* vide to ktnu
Richard the 2 into those parts. All thciie, either Kings, Kings sonnes, or Kings brother*,
exposed themneliics with iniiinciblc courages to the manifest hazard of their persons, liiie«,
and linings, leaning their ease, their countries, wines and children, induced with a ZelouH
deuotion and ardent desire to protect and dilate the Christian faith. These memorable en-
terprises in part concealed, in part scattered, and for the most part vnlooked after, I haue
brought togctlier in the best Method and breuitie that I could dcuise. Whercunto I hauc
annexed the losse of Rhodes, which although it were origiually written in French, yet
maketh it as iionourable and often mention of the Knglisji naiio, as of any other Christians
that serucd in th;ii most violent siege. After which eosiielh the princely promise of the
bountifull aide of king Henrv the H to I'crdinando newly elected king of Hungarie, against
Solyman the mortall encmie of Christendome. These and the like Heroicall intents and
attempts of our Princes, our Nobilitie, our Clergie, & our Chiualry, I hauc in the first place
exposed and set foorth to the view of this age, with the same intention that the tild Romans
set vp in wax in their palaces the Stalu;is or images of their worthy ancestors; whereof
Salust in his treatise of the warre of Iiigurtha, wrileth in this maner: Saepe audiui ego Qiiin-
tum niaximiini, Pubiium Scipionem, prfPterea ciuitaiis nostra? pneclaros viros solitos ita
dicere, cum maiorum imagines intucrentur, vehementissim^ animum sibi ad virtutem ac
cendi. bcilicet non ceram illam, neq; figuram, tanlam vim in sesc habere, scd memoria
rerum gestarum fiammam earn egregijs viris in peciore crescere, neq; prius sedari, quiim
virtus corum famam & gloriam adaeqiianerii. I haue often heani (quoth he) hnw Quinliis
maximus, Publius Scipio, and many other worthy men of our citic were woont to say, when
they beheld the images and portraitures of their ancestors, that they were most vehemently
inllamcd vnto verliie. Not that the sayd wax or portraiture had any such force at all in it
sclfe, but that by the remcmbring of their woorthy actes, that flame was kindled in their
noble breasts, and could neuer be quenched, vntill such time as their owne valure had
equalled the fame and glory of their progenitors. So, though iu)t in wax, yet in record of
writing haue I presented to the noble courages of this English Monarchic, the like images of
their famous jjredecessors, with hope of like effect in their posferiiie. And here by the way
if any man shall think, that an vniuersall peace with our Christian neighbours will cut oH'thc
emploimeni of the couragious increasing \outh of this realme, he is much deceiued. For there
are other most conucnicnf emploiments for ail the sui)crlluitie of eucry profession in ihi.s
realme. For, not to meddle with the state of Ireland, nor that of Guiana, there is vndcr our
noses the great & ample countrey of Virginia; the In-land whereof is fouid of late to bee so
sweete and ho1e->ome a climate, so rich and abundant in siluer mines, so apt and capable of all
commodities, which Italy, Spaine, and France can alfoord, that thi- Spaniards themselncs in
their owne writings printed in Madrid Ih8(i, and within few moneths afterward reprinted by
me in Paris, and in a secret mappe of iho<c partes made in Mexico the yeere before for the
king (if Spaine, (which originall uith many others is in the custodie of the excellent Mathe-
matician M. Thomas Ilariot) as also in their iiiteriepte<l letters come vnto my hand, bearing
date 1,VJ.">. th y acknowledge the Inlanil to be a hettcr and richer countrey then Mexico
and Nueua Sp;iiiia it selfe. And on the other side their chiefest writers, as Peter
Mari\r ab Auglrrin, and Francis I,o|)< z do (iomara, the most learned Venetian lohn
liapti^ta RiimuMins, and the French (icogr.ii)!iers, as namely, Popilinicrc and the rest,
ackiiowl. ,lnc with MC consent, lliat all that niightie tract of land from t>7. degrees
Nonhwanl to the I ititude alm( st of Florida was lir<t dis(ouered out of England, by the com-
maundeinciit of king Henry the scucmh, and the South part thereof before any other Chris-
tian people of !.ite hath bene planted with diner- Kiipli.ih Cohmies by the n)yal consent of
her sacred Maie^tic vnder the broad >ienle of lvn;;land, whereof one as yet ren'aineih, for
ought wc know, aliue in the countrey. Whicii action, if vpnn a good Si godly peace ob-
tained.

THE EPISTLE nEDICATORIE.

laiiu'J, it nhal pleasp the Almighty tn mirre vp her Maicstie^ heart to rontinue with her fa-
iiourahle rountenanrc (as vpoii the crn^)inK ff <he warrcs of (irunuda, h»"p stirred vp i!i<' j.pi-
rite of Isabella Queene ofC^istile, to adiiance ihr enterprise of Colunibim) with traii>.|)< riiiifj
of one or two thnimami of her people, and such others as vpon mine owne kimwlcdgo will
most willinjjiy at their owne rhar)?cs betume Adiientitreri* in ^(xid numbers villi their bodies
and goods ; she shall by Gods assistance, in ^hort space, worke many jireat and vi, looked lor
cfTccIs, increase her dominions, enrich her eol'eis, and reduce many I'lij^ans to the faiili of
Christ. The neglecting hitherto of \shich last ixinl our aduersaries daily in many of their
bookes full bitterly lay vnto the charge of the professors of the Gospell, No sooner should
we set fooling in that plea-^ant and good land, and erect one or two conueiiient Fortes in
the Cuiitinent, or in some Hand neere the maine, but cilery step we tread would yeeld vs new
occasion of action, which I wish the (ientric of our nation rather to regard, then to follow
those soft vnpriiritable pleasures wherein they now too much ( onsume their lime and patri-
monie, and hereafter will doe much more, when as our neighbour warres being appeased,
they are like to hauo Icsse emploiment then nowe they haue, vnlesse they bee occupied in
this or some other the like expedition. And to this endc and purpose giue me Icaue (I be-
seech you) to imparl this occurrent to your honourable and prouident cOsideration : that in
the yerc one thousand hue hundred eighty and scuen, when I had caused the foure voyages
of Kibaiilt, Laudonnierc, and Gourges to Florida, at mine owne charges to bee printed in
Paris, which by the malice of some too much alVcctioncd to the Spanish faction, had bene
aboiie twentie yeercs suppressed, assoone as that bookc came to the view of that rouerend
and prudent Counseller Monsieur Harlar the lord chiefe lustice of France, and certainc other
of the wisest ludges, in great choler they .isked, who had done such inlollerable wrong to
their whole kingdome, as to haue concealed that woorthie wurkc so long ? Protesting fur-
ther, that if their Kings and the Estate had throughly followed that action, France had bene
, freed of their long ciuill warres, and the variable humours of all sortes of people might haue

m had very ample and manifold occasions of good and honest emploiment abroad in that large

and fruitfull Continent of the West Indies. The application of which sentence vnto our
lelues I here omit, hastening vnto the summarie recapitulation of other m.itters contained in
this worke. It may please your Honour therefore to vnderstaiid, that the second part of this
first Treatise containeth our auncient trade and traflique with English shipping to the Hands
of Sicilie, Candie, and Sio, which, by good warrant herein alleagcd, I (ind to haue bene
begun in the yeere 1.51 1, and to haue continued vntill theyeere l.')i»2. and somewhat longer.
But shortly after (as it seemeth) it wa.s intermitted, or rather giuen ouer (as is noted in
master Caspar Campion.s discreet letters to master Michael Lock and master William Winter
inserted in this booke) first by occasiu of the Turkcs expelling of the fouru and twentie
Mauneses or gouernours of the Gcnouoin out of the He of .Sio, and by taking of the savd
Hand wholie into his owne hand in Aprill, 15G6. sending thither Piali Basha with fourescore
gallies for that purpose ; and afterwanl by his growing ouer mightie and troublesome in those
Seas, by the cruell inuasion of Nicosia and Famagusta, and the whole He of Cyprus by his
lieutenant Generall Mustapha Basha. Which lamentable Tragedie I haue here againc reuiued,
that the posteritic may neuer forget what trust may bee giuen to the oath of a .Mahumetan,
when hee hath aduauntage and is in his choler.

Lastly, I haue here put downe at large the happie remiin<; and much increasing of our in-
terrupted trade in all the Leuant, accomplished by the great charges and special! indusirie of
the worshipfull and worthy Citizens, Sir Edward Osborne Knight, M. Richard Staper, and
M. William Hareborne, together with the league for traffike onely bctweene her Maieatie
and the CJrand Signior, with the great priuileges, immunities, and fauours obteyned of his
imperiall llighiicssc in that behalfe, the admissions and residencies of our Ambassadoura in
his stately Porch, and the great good and Christian offices which her Sacred Maiestie by her
extraordinary fauour in that Court hath done for the king and kingdome of Poland, and
other Christian Princes : the trafTikc of our Nation in all the chiefe Hauens of Africa and
Egypt : the searching and haunting the very bottome of the Mediterran Sea to the ports of

b S Tripoli

viii

I. Kinj.wp. J.
a. Chtun. C4|'. %t

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE.

Tripoli and Alrxandretta, nrthe ArchiprlaKiH. I>y ihc Tiirkc« now called The wliite aea, euen
h) ine wallcM of ConHianiinnpIc: ilic voya^ri oiicr land nnd by riuer throtiKh Aleppo, Dirrha,
Babylon riul DaUnra, and downc ttie IVrni:in tfuH'o to Ormii/, and thrnre by the Ocean Ne>
to Goa, and n<;ainc niirr-lnnd to Ri^nagar, Can)l)ain, Orixa, nen;;nln, Aracan, I'ckHi Malacca,
Slam, the lan^omex, Qtiicheti, and ciirn lo the rronlieni of the Kinpire of China: the for-
mcr performed diucrse tinicn by iiiindry of our nation, and tiu* last jjrcat voyage by M.
Ralph Fitch, who with M. lohn Newbcry and two otlicr con-turlH departed from l^nndon with
her Maienties litters written circctiially in their fiiiour to tiie kin>;s of Cambaia and China in
the yere l.'iSJ, who in the ycere 1591. like another PaithM VenclUH rcliirnrd home to the

fdace of hiit departure, with ample relation of hi* Wdndcrfiill traiiaiicN, which he preNented
n writing to iny LonI your father of honourable memorie.

Now here if any man xhall take exce|)tion ai>ainHt thin our new trade with Tiirke-< nnd mis-
belceuers, he Khali shew hini'<clfi' a man of small experience in old and new Histories, or
wilfully lead with parlialilie, or some worse humour. * For who knowcth not, that king Sa-
lomon of "Id, entred into league vpon neccssiiie with Hiram the king of Tyrns, a gentile?
Or who is ignorant that the French, the Oenoufiis, Florentines, Higuseans, Venetians, and
Polonians arc at this day in league with the (irand Signior, nnd haiie beene these many
yeeres, and haiie vsed trade and iralfike in his dominions? Who tan deny that the Kmperor
of Chri«.tend<)mc haih hail league with the Turkc, and payd liim a long while a pension for
apart of llungaric? And who doth not acknowledge, that either hath traueiled the remote
parts of the world, or read tlie Hi-tories of this latter age, that the Spanianis and Portugale*
in Barbaric, in the Indies, and eNrwhere, haue ordinarie confederacie and trnffike with ihe
Moorcs, and many kindes of (ientiles and Pagans, and that which is more, doe pay them
pensions, and vse them in their seruice and warres ? \Vh\ then should that be l)lamed in vs,
which is vsuall and common to the most part of tither Christian nations ? Therefore let our
neighbours, which haue found most fault with this new league and traflike, ihanke ihemitelues
and their ownc foolish pride, whercliy we were vrged to seeke further to prouide vent for our
naturall commodities. And herein the old (ireeke |)rouerbe was most tniely verified. That
euill counsaile prooueth worst to the author and deuiscr of the same.

Hauing thus farre intreated of the chicle contents of the first part of this second Volume,
it remayneth that I briefly acquaint your Honor with the chicle contents of the second part.
It may therefore please you to vnderstand, that herein I haue likewise prcsenied, disposed,
and set in order such Voyages, Nauigation-, Tralfikcs, and Discoucries, as our Nation, and
especially the worthy inhabitants of this citic of London, haue iiainefully performed to the
South and Southeast parts of the world, without the Sirciiilit of Gibraltar, vpon the coasts of
Africa, about the Cape of Huona Speran^a, to and beyonde the East India. To come more
neere vnto particulars, I haue here set downe the \ery originals and infancie of our trades to
the Canarian Hands, to the kingdomes of Barbarie, to the mightie riuers of Senega and (iambra,
to those of Madrabumba, and Sierra Leona, and the Isles of Ca|ie Venle, with twchie sundry
voyages to the sultry kingtiomes of Guinea and Benin, to the Isle of San Thom^', witli a laie
and true report of the weake estate of the Portugales in Angola, as also the whole course of
the Portugale Cararks from Lisbon to the barre of (Joa in India, with the disposition and
qiialilic of the climate neere and vnder the Kqiiinocliall line, the snndry infallible markes
and tokens of approching vnto, atui doubling of I'lie Cape of good Hope, the great \ariation
of the compasse for three «)r foure pointes towards the V.i\'^t bilweene the .Meridian td' S. .Mi-
chael one of the Islands of the Azores, and the aforesaid Cape, with the retiirnc of the nee-
dle againc due North at the Cape Das Agulias, and that place being passed outward bomul, the
Bwaruing hacke againc thereof towanis the West, proportionally as it did before, the two wa\ cs,
the one within and the other without the Isle of S. Laurence, tiie dangers of priuie rockes
and qtiick8ands, the running seas, and the perils thereof, with the cerlainc and vndoubted
signcs of land. All these and other particidarities arc pl.iinly and fruely here deliiiercd
by one Thomas Stcucns a learned Englishman, who in the veerc ISTDgning a.sa passenger in
the Portugale FIcefe from Lisbon into India, wrote the same from Goa to his lallier in England :
Whercnnto 1 haue added the memorable voyage uf M, Iumc!> Lancaster, who duth not onily

recount

rec

Ihe

eul

aiU

nil

'Iiite Ma, euen
leppo, Birrha,
•he Ot-can Hca
'cum, Malacci,
hiiia : the Tor*
nyaftc hy M.
Lniulon with
and China in
1 home 1(1 ihc
he preNcnted

rken and mi.x-
lli><f()rieH, or
Ihaf kinj; Sa-
i". .'I KPHtilc ?
cneJianM, .nnd
e these many
the Emperor
a pension for
d the remote
id Portnpiilen
Tike with the
"«' pay Ihcin
>lamed in \n,
pfore let our
e ihemxelucs
' vent for onr
eritied. That

nnd Volume,
second part.
•«i, dis|lo^cd,
Nation, and
rm<<l to tlic
the coasts of
> come more
ur trades to
ind (iamhra,
eiiic sundry
witli a late
if course of
osition and
l)le inarkes
•at \ariation
n t.r S. Mi-
if Ihc nee-
bound, the
two wa\es,
iiiic rockes
vndoubted
' dciiiicrcd
isscn^cr in
I K.'igland :

not onrly

recount

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE.

recount and ronfirmc most of the thinjjs aboue mentioned, but also doth aeqinint vs with
the state of the vovanc beyond Cape Comori, a:iil tlic Isle of Ccilon, with the Isles of Ni«
rubar and (iomcs I'old Kinj; williiii two leagues of ijie rich Island Sumatra, and those of I'u-
lo Piiiaom, with tlie inaine land of lun^nlaon and llie strei);ht of Malacca. I haue likewise
added a late iiilirct piid letter of a Poriiijjall reuealinK the secret and most gainefull trade of
IVgii, which is also (onlirmed by Cesar Frcdcrirke a Vcnctiun, and M. Uulph Fitch now li-
11111^ here ill l.oiuldn.

And because oiir chicfe desire is to llnd out ample vent of our wollcn cloth, the naturall
cfinKiditic of this our llealnie, the fittest plai es, which in al m\ readiii<;s and obseiualions I
find lor that |iiir|)ose, arc ihr manifolii Islands of Japan, & the Northern parts of China, He
the re);ioiis of the 'I'artars next ailinyniiijr ( wlirreof 1 read, that tlic coiintrc) in winter is Assi
fria conid riaiides, lliat is to sa\ , as cold as I'lmilers, iV,: that the riucrs be strongly ouerl'ro/.eii)
and thcrelore I haue lure inserted two speeiail Treatises of the sayd Countries, the one bc-
)>iiinin); pa;;, j Hi, llie other paj;. [>(»(• ; which last diseoiiise I hold to be the most exact of those
parts that is yet come to \\<^\\l, which was printeii in l.atiiie in Macao a cilie of China, in
Cliiiia-piper, in the veere a ihoiisaiid line hiiiKlred and ninetie, and was intercepted in the
great Carack called Madre de Dios two iKcres alter, ineliisnl in a caseofswecte Cedar wood,
and lappi'd vp alniost an hundred fold in line cilicul-cloth, as though it had bene some iti-
coinparable icwcl.

Hut leaiiini; abi'upily tliis discourse, 1 ihinke it iicit imperlineni, before I make an end, to
deliiicr some ol the reasons, that inoned nie |.i present this part of my traiiailes vnto your
lli'nour. The reuerend antiipiiiie in the dedic.ition of their workes mule choyseof such pa-
trons, as eyiher with tlw ir reputation and i reditc were able to countenance the same, or by
their wi«edome and v.ulcrstaiubng wen- able to censure and a|)prooue them, or with their
abililie were likelv to stand them or theirs in sieade in the ordinarie necessities and accidents)
of their life ■roii('iii"g the liiNt, vour descent Imm a father, that was acroimted I'ater pa-
triir, yourowiie plai e and creiliu- in execiiiinii of her M.iicsties inw.ird cniinsailcs and piil)-
like sernices, adilid t" your \«ell cliscjiarj^ing \our forren iniplovment (when the greatest
cause in ('lirisiendome \%as |\an 'led) h;iue U' t onely drawen tnens eves \ pon you, but also
foreibi, haue moued nianv, and in\ selle aniiMi!,' the rest to haue our Jalnuirs protected by
your authoritie. I'or the second p int, when it pleased your Honour in sommer was two
yeeri'^ to haue some i onrcrem f with me, .iiid to dcmaund mine opinion lourhiii;; the >fate
of the Counirv of (Jiii.ina, and whether it were lit to Uc planted bv the Kngli>h : I then (to
niy no small ioy) did admiie the e\ai I kiuiwkd^e which \i'ii had i;otlen of those matters of
India:i Naiii;;ations: and how c.ireluil von were, not to be oiieriaken with anv partiall allec-
tion to the .\ctien, appe.ired alsc, l)\ the sound arniiments wliich you made prn & contra,
of the likelihoi d .i d reason of u'ni.d ur ill snccesse of the same, belorc the Slate and <'otn-
tnon wealth (whercMi voii li lue a'; e\lr lorilinarie vovce ) sluxild be larther engaged. Iiicon-
sideralion whereof I thinke m\ selle ihrise hap|)ie to haii'' these my trauailes censured by
your Iliinours so w II a|)proneil iuil^i ineiit. Tein hiny the third and la<t motiiie I cannot but
acknowledge my s |('e nuich iniK t led lor vour laiiouiable letters heretofore written in my
behalle in inim- he nest causes W'hereunio I may addf, that when this worke was to |)asse
vnto llie presse, v.inr Honour did in-t onely intrcalj- a worthv kiiiglit, a person of spcciall
experience, as in many otlu-rs so in niarii:e causes, to ouersee and peruse the same, but also
vpiui his Mood re|) Tt wilh \our inn.t raiinuralile k'^ers did w.irrant, and with extraordinarie
comiiiendatioii did appr>>ne ai'd al.'nw mv lalx tirs, and desire to piiblisli the .same. Where-
fore to cnnelude, seeing tliev Like llicir life a d ii^iht lictn the most cheerefiill and benigne
aspect of your faiiour, I thinke it my bouiuleii diiiie in all hiimiiilie and with mucii bashrtil-
n esse to reKunineiid my sell'eai> I them vnto vour riuhl ih norahle and fauoiirable proleelion,
and your llonuur tu thcmercilull tuition of the most l!ii>h. rroiii London this 21. of Ocio-
bcr. IhW.

Your Honours most htiinble

to hi' commanded,
Kichard llakluyt preacher.

"^ 'CATALOGUE

OP THB

-■*•'

VOYAGES &c. OF THIS SECOND VOLUME.

The vanquisliinp of llie Spanish Armada, Anno 1588.
The honourable voyage lo C'adii!, Aiiiin loUti.

pag. 1
1»

Voyages made by and within the Strcight of Gibraltar, to the South ar.d Southeast
quarters of the world, conteined in the first part of this second volume.

Before the Conquest.

1 The voyage of Helena the Empressr, daughter of Coehis king of Britain, and mother of Constan-

linr the Great to lerusalem. An. 337. .....

2 The voy;ige of Cnnstantinr the Great Kmiteronr and king of Brilanie, to Greece, jEgypt, Persia,

and .\iiia, Anno 331). .... . .

3 The loyatfe of Pelagiiis Canihrensis, vnder Maxiums king of the Brilaiiies, into ^gypt and Syria,

Annli M>0. . . . ■ . . ' .

4 The voyage of orrtaine Engh»hiuen sent l>y the French king to Constantinople, vnto Iiistinian the

I'iiiiperour, al)Oiit the yteri' of onr lord 5(K). ....

5 Till nitiiiorahlf voya,;e of Suhclimis hiihop of Shirhnme, sent by king Alphred vnto S. Thomas of

India, An. 883. lontirnu'l l)y two totiiiioniei. ....

f 'llie loyam" of lohn F.rigi ii, vnder king Alpliii il, to .\ll.( n«, in the yeeri of onr Lorde 8S5.
1 Tlie \oyagc of Andrew Whiteman, aluis Liiiraiidtr, vnder (."aiiiilus the Dane, to Pala'stina, Anno

W2I). . .......

R The voy.igf of Swamis one of the wmiiiHof I'.arle (Jodwin, vnto lerusalem, Anno 1052.

S A voviiue of Ihrrr .\iidiii->adours »eiil in liii time of king hdward the Coiifesaur, vnto Constantinople,

and from tliiiiu' vnto KpiicMi", .Anno IOi(i. ....

10 The \oy iiifof Aliirid liishopof Uonoler vnto Icnisalen), .\nno 1058. . ,

1 1 T!ie voyage of liigiilpliu*, allerwaril Alili.it of Croilaiitl, vnto lemsalem. An. 1064.

pag. 34

38
38

39
39

40
41
41

Since the Conquest.

i2 A voy:ii;i made hy dinerse of the hoiioiirahle faiiiily of ilie Br.nichamps, with Rotiert Curtois the

Sonne i.| W'llliuin the Conqiirronr, lo leni<i!eiii, .Anno lOHh
13 Tlie i> " ' ' ■

14 Thc.ov

snone "I »> iMiuin iiie viinqucronr, lo leni^a.eiu, .inno lw^^n

ic uiyii' of (luliHre an I'.ngli.h I. ady married vnto Baldwine brother of Gcdtrey duke of Bou-

ill"!i. t>wiird I. riisalcm. An. I!);t1. .....

lie ,oy x^ir of K.iln.ir tlie Sonne of K Iv.ard, which wa» ilir sonne of Kilinund surnained Ironside,
lirotii' [■ vnto kin; Kdw m'. ttii- Comessor (being aecuni|>anled with valiant Robert liie Sonne of
God»iiie) lo Urusjlem, Anno 1102. ....

44
IS The

A CATALOGUE OF THE VOYAGES

15 The voyaffe of Godericim avaliiint Knglialiman. wlio traimileil with hit ibipt in an expedition Tnto

tlic lioly land, Anno 3. Hen. I. ..... 4S

16 The voyajfc of Hardine an Knjflisliman, and one of the priiicipa) commaunderi of 200saylc» of Cliris-

tlans nliips «hicli iirriucd at luppa, A.inollO'i. . • • ^ ^^-^ —

U A voyace by sea of I'.njlichnien, Danes, and KliniiiiR". «1>° ^"■'".'^'{he ^."yeerc of Henry 'lile'firrt,

sruenth yet rr of baUlwiiie the second, king of Icrusalei" ' ^ _ . ' 41

kingof Kngland. ...me to A-'.gypt and Arabia, in the yrere of our Lord 1130. . 49

19 The voyage of William Arclibisliop of Tyre to Icrusalein and to the citie of Tyre in Phoenicia,

Anno 1130. . . . . . . . io

20 The voyage of llohert Ketcnrnsi^, vndcr king Stephen, to Dalniatia, Greece, and Asia, Anno

1143. . . . .... JO

21 A voyage of certaine Englithmen mder the conduct of Lcwii the French king, vnto the holy land.

Anno 1147. .... ... 51

22 The voyage of lohn Lacy to Itrusalrin, Anno 1173. . , . 51

23 The voyage of William Manlruile Kric of I'^six to lerusalein, Anno 1 m. . . 51

24 The fainoiis voyage of itichard the lirtt, king of England into Asia, for the recoucring of lerusalein

out of the lianiliof the Saracens, Anno 1190. .... 55

25 Tlic Voyage of DaUluine Archhi^linpof f'anterbiiry vnto S\iia mid Palffistina, in the yeere 1190. 64

26 I'lit voyage of Richard auriiaiiied CanonicuD, vnder king Richard the first, into Syria, and Palicstina,

Anno 11 00. . . . .... 65

27 The voyage of Gnlieliiun Peregrinu", vnder king Richard thefiral, to Pahi'stina, Anno 1 ino. 00

28 The voyage of Hiilitri Waller bmliup of .'Salisljury, viidir king Richard also, vnto Syria, .Anno

IISIO. ........ in

29 The voyage of Robert Ciirson a nobleman of England, and a Cardinall, vnder Hen. the third to Da-

iniata 111 /Egypt, Amiol'JlH. . . . . . G7

'JO The voyage of Raiiiiilph Karle of Clirster, of Saer Qiiiiicv F.arlc of \\'inche»tcr, of William de

Albanie F.arle of Arundel, &r. to ilie holy lanil. Anno I'JIS. ... Ii8

31 The voyage of Henry lioliiin. and .'^aer QuiiKy, to liic holy land, in ihe yeere of our Lord 1'.'1.'2. 68

3 J The voyage of Rainulph Olanuile Karle of Chester to the holy Und, and to Oaiiiiala in /Egypt. tiS

33 The voyage of Petrus de Rupiinu lii»hop ol Winrhe<l(r, to leiusalein. Anno l;i:il. . (is;

34 The honourable voyage of Richard Karle of Cornwall, bioilier to king Hen. tlie third, acronipa-

uicd with Wdliaui Long-espee Karle of Salishurie, and diu«r.% other noblemen, into Syria, Anno

1240. ....... 6»

35 The voyage of William Long-espce, or Long sword Eric of Salisburie into /Egypt uith Lewis tlie

Kreuch king. Anno 1248. ...... 7U

36 The voyage of. prince K.dward the mime of king Henry the lliiril, into Syria, An. 1270. . 7'J

37 The 'oyage of Robert Turncliain, vmler the suyd prince Kdwaid, lulo .*^yiia, in the jecre cf our

i «l, 1270. . . . . ' . . 7i

38 The voyage of lohn Mandeuil knight in Lulin, begun in (he raignc of F.dwMrde the 3 anno 1322

continued for the space of "ii yeeres, and ended in the rai};iie of Kdwardc the 3. from Fiiglaiid to
ludea, and liom thence to India, China, Tarlarie, and as farre as 33. degrees (othe kouth of the
/Eqiiinuctiall. . . . . . . . 'i')

39 *rhe voyage of Krier Reatus Odnricus to Asia minor, Armenia, Clial(la:a, Persia, India, China,

and other remote pans, &c. . . . . . . 1)2

40 Tlie voyage of MatUirw Gurnt y an Engll^h knight, agaiiut the Moorcs of Alger to Barbary and to

Spaine. . . . . . . 174

41 The voyage of Henrie I^arlc of Derby, after Duke of Hereford, and lastly Henry the fourth king

of Kngland, with an arniie of Kn^'lishincn, to Tut/is in Rarhary. . . 17)i

42 The traiiailes and iiieinorulilc victoriei, ui lohn Hankwood Knglisliman, in diueme pUcea of Italy,

in the rtigne of Richard the second. . . . • . 177

43 The voyage of l.ordluhnof Holland, Farleof Huntington, brother (by the mother) to K. Richard

the second, to lerusalem, and S. Katlierins nioiiiit, Anno i:i94. . . 177

44 The voyage of 'Ihumas Lord Mowhity duke of Norfolke, lo lerusalem, in the yeere of our Lord,

1399. . • . . . . .177

4J Tlic voyage of the bishop of Winchester to lerusalem, /\iino 1417. . . 178

4ti A voyage intended by king Heniy the fourth lo the holy land, against the Saracens and Infidels,

Armo 1413. . . . . . . • 178

47 A voyage made with two »Im|h called The holy Crosse, and The Malliew Gunson, lo the Isles of

Candia and Cliio about the ye< re I. 534. .... '.'CS

48 Another voyage vnto Caiidia and C'hiu made by the foresayd ship called the Matthewe Cuuion, Anno

1635. . . ..... 'JOi'

41» 'llie

. 50|
511
52|
53 1

54 1
35

ffil
47

581
59

col

61
62
63

ion vnto

fChrii-

^la

••u, nil

he fint

ocnicia,

• Anno

y land.

usalrni

190.

t;4

lestina,

Anno

o Da-

am <le

.'^2.

tiS

ti!*

Jnipa-

Anno

ia the

■

i'ti

r our

1322

id to

the

lino.

1)2

il to

17*

king

I7«

taly.

lard

177

onl.

177

17S

<•!.,

178

• of

.'08

ino

JOi'

*'J '

riir

WITHIN THE STREIGHTS.

49 The voyage of the valiant E«iuire M. Peter Read to Tunis in Barbarie 1538, recorded in hit Epi-

taph. ..... • ■

50 Tlie voyajTc of Sir ThnniaB Clialoiier to Alger, with the Emperoiir Charlrsthe fift, Anno 1541.

51 The voyatje of M. lloirer Rodcnhain, with the great harke Aiichcr, to Caiidia and Chio, Anno i550.

52 The voyage of M. lohn Lok to lerusalcni. Anno 1553.

53 The voyage iif lohn Koxc to the Streit of Gihraltar, in a ship called The three lialfe-inoone«. Anno

15()3. And his uorlhy enlcrprize in deliueriiig 2t)t) Chrintians from the ciptiuitie of the Turkes at
Alexanilrja, Anno 1577. ......

54 The voyage of M. Laurence Aldersey to the cities of Jerusalem and Tripolis, in tlic yeere 1581.

55 The voyage of The Susan of Loiiilon to ('onstantinople, wherein M. William Harcburiic was sent

first Aiuhassadour vnto Znldan Murad Can the great Turke. Anno 1582.

5fi The voyage of a ship called The Ie«us, toTn|ioli> in lJari]ary, Anno 15S3.

47 The voyage of M. Henry Auslel hy Venice to Hagusa, and thence ouer-land to Constantinople: and
from thence through iSlohlania, I'olonia, Silesia, and Germany into Kngland, Anno 15MG.

58 The voyage of Master Cesar Frederick into the east India, and beyonde the Indies, Anno ISeS.

is The long, dangerous, and ineinorable voyage of M. Halpli Fitch niareliant of London, by the way
of Tri|Hjli8 in Syria, to Ormn/, to Gua in the Fast India, to Cauibaia, to the riuer of Ganges,
to Hengala, to Bacola, to Chonderi, to I'egu, to Siani, &c. begunne in the yeere 1583, and
ended 111 the yeere 15lj1. ......

60 Tlie voyage of M. lohn I'.ldreil to Tripolis in Syria hy sea, and from thence by land and riuer to

Uabylon, and Ualsara, Aniiu 15H3. .....

61 The voyage of M. lohn Kiiesliani liy sea into j?Lgypt, Anno 1586.

62 The voyage of M. Laurence Aldersey to the cities of Alejcandria and Cairo in Aegypt, Anno 1586.

63 The voyage of fiuc inarclianls ships of London into Turkic : and llieir valiant fi^lit in tlieir returne

with 1 1 gallies and two frigats of the king of Spaine, at Pantalarea within the Utreits of Gibraltar,
Anno I5H(). .......

64 The voyage of Master ^\'illialn Ilareliorne oner-land from Constantinople to London, Anno 1588.

65 A description of a voyage to Constantinople and Syria begun the 21 of March, 151)3, and ended

the ninth of August 1595: uherein is shew ed the manner of <tehuering the second present, by
M. KdwanI Karton her Maiestics anibassadour, which was sent from her Maiestie to Sultan Murad
Can, the Kinperour of Turkic. .....

20»
210

210
212

246

267

285
306

318
33!)

382

402
417
418

422
426

44S

The Anibass.ngcs, Letters, Priuileges, Discoiii^es, Adiiertisements, and other ob-
scruations depending vpon the Voyages contayncd in the first part of this se-
cond Volume.

1 A Testimony, that the Britons were in Italy and Greece, with the Cimbrians and Gauls, before the

incarnation of Christ. . . . . ■ . pag. 33

2 A testimony tlia certain Fnglishmcn were of the guard of tlic Emperour of Constantinople, in the tiine

of lohn the Sonne of Alexius Coninenus. . . . . .51

3 A great supply of money sent to the Holy land by King Henry the second. . . 52

4 A letter written from Manuel the F'.mpcrour of Conslantmople, vnto Henry the second. King of En-

gland, Ann. 1177: wherein mention is made that certainc of king Henries noblemen and subiects
were present with the sayd Fni|)erour in a battel against the Soldan of leonium. . 52

i A note drawen out of a very auiu lent booke in thecustodie of the right Wor. M. Thomas Tilney Esquire,
touching Sir Fredericke Tilney Ins ancester, knighted for his valour at Aeon in the Holyland by
king Itieliard the first. ....... 65

6 A large eunlnbution to the succour of the holy land made by lohn king of England, Anno 1201. 67

7 The comniiiig of llalilwiii the F'.m)H'roiir of Constantinople into England, An. 1247. . 69

8 The life of Sir lolin Mandenil knight, nrittcn by M. Bale. ... 76

9 The toml>e and epitaph of Sir lohn Mandeuil in the citie of Liege noted by Ortelius in hii Itiuera-

rium Belgij. .... 11

10 The dedication of hit voyage to king Edward the 3. ... 18
VOL. II. e 1 1 Ab

A CATALOGUE OF THE AMBASSAGES,

11 An admonition of Richard Hakluyt touching the new impreasion ami purgation of Mandcuil. . 138

12 Certaine places allengcd out of tliv naturall historic of Phnie agreeing with Mundeuil in his reports of

the (liuers shapes of men. ...... 139

13 A testimony concerning Anthony Beck bishop of Duresme, that lie was elected Patriarke of lerusa-

lem, and confirmed by Clement the 5. bishop of Rome, Anno 1305. 142

14 The comming of Lyon king of Armenia into England, Anno 138G, to make a treaty of peace be-

tweene Richard the second, king of Kngland, and the French king. . . 174

15 The comming of the Em|)erour of Conslanlinuple into lOngland, to ilcsirc the ayde of king Henry

the fourth, against the Tiirkes, Anno I40U, . . . . .178

16 A relation of the siege and taking of the citie of Rhodes, by Sultan Soliman the great Turke :

Wherein honorable mention is made of diners valiant English knights, Anno 1522. . 173

17 An amhassagc from Don Ferdiiiando, brother to the Emperour Charles the fid, vnio King Henry

the eight, crauing bis. lyde agiiinsl Soliman the great Turke, An. 1527. . . 206

18 The antiquitie of tlic trade of Ens^lish marcbants viito the remote parts of the Leuant seas. Anno

1511, 1512, &c. . . . . . .206

19 A letter of Henry the eight, king of England, to lohn the third king of Portugale, Ibr a Portugale

ship fraighted at Chio, with the goods of lohn Gresham, VVdliam Lok, and others, and wrong-
fully vnladen in Portugale, Anno 15.) I. . . . . . 207

20 The nijinir of the entrini; of Sobnmu liie great Turke, with bis army, into Alepo in Syria, as lice

was marching toward IVrsia, against the great Soplii, Ai»iol553. . . . 225

21 A note of the presents that were giutn at the same time in Ali'p,>, to the Grand Signor, and the

names of the prcscntors. ...... 226

22 The sale ronduit granted by Sullan Soliman the great Turke, to M. Anthony lenkinson at Ale|M> in

Syria, Anno l.i5:S. ••...., 227

23 A discourse of the trade to Cbio written by Caspar Campion, in the yeere 1569. . 227

24 A letter of the sayd {;a>par Campion, to .M. \V'illiam Winter, in the yeare 15C9. . 229

25 A briefe description of tlie Isle of Cyprus. ..... 233

2ii A reiKirt of the siege and taking of Kaiiiagusta the strongest eitie in al Cyprus, by Mustafa Bassa Ge-

iierall of the great Turkes army. Anno 157 1. .... 235

27 I'lie renewing anil great increasing of an ancient trade viito diners places in the Leuant seas, and to

tile eliielVsl parts of all the great Turkes dominions. Anno 157 i, I57S. . . 252

38 The letters of /iildan Murad Can the great Turke, to tlie sacred Maiestie of Qiiecne Elizabeth,

Anno 157!'. ....... 253

29 Tlie aii»in re of lit r Maiestie to the foresayd letters of the great Turke, sent by M. Kieliard Stanly,

111 llie Prudence of Lonilun, .\iino IjT.i. ..... 254

30 The charter of priuili d^es granted lo the English, and the league of the great Turke with the Queenes

Maie«tie, for lralbi|Ue onely, Anno 15S(). ..... 257

31 Her Maieslu> liltir to tlie great Tiiike, promising reilresse for the disorders of Peter Baker of Rad-

elitle, eoniinilteil III the Leuant, Anno lis 1. .... 262

32 The letters Patents or I'riuiliges granted by lier Maiestie to Sir Edward OslHiriie, M. Rieliiird .Sta-

|>er, anil eerlaitie oilier marelianls of London, for their trade into the doinliiions >>f the great Terke,

Anno IJSI. . . . . . . . 203

3'i The l'a>|s>rt made by the great Master of Malta viito the Eiii;li>liiiieii ill the Barkc Rainolds, Anno

1 tH.', .... ... 273

31 The tiuienes eoniiiiissiun giiien to her seniaiil M. W'llliani . Iwrne, to bee H<r Maiesties Am-

bastiiKJor or Agent in till' parts of Turkie, Aiinol5S2. .... 275

35 Her Muiesties letter to ibi' ijreal Tiirkr, unlttn in eoiniiiendation of M. William Hareborne, when

he was sent Ambassador, ,\iino 15H2. ..... 277

3fi A littir of the Qmenes Mauslit lo Alli liassa, the Turkes liigli Admiral, sent by lur Ambassador

.M. William Hareliorni, and delim nil Mito linn aliooid Ins Cnlliy in the Arsenal. . 278

37 A briefe reiiieinbranee of things to bee mih iioined at Cun^itaiilinopli , and at other pl.iees in Turkic,

toiuliiiig our Clothing and Dying, and toiu lung llie ample vent of our naturall commodities, &c.

written by .M. Kii bard I laklnyt of tlie iniddle Temple, Anno 1582. . . 279

3R Cerlaine other most profitable ami wise in^tnictions |K'iiiied by tlu sayd M. Richard Hakluyl, for a

prinei|>all English Factor at Conslanlinople. .... 2S0

3'i .\ litter of Mu>t»(a Chaus lo the (iiuene> Mail slie. Anno 1583. . . 292

40 A lettirof ^L William Hareborne, to M. Hariiie Milium, appointing him Consul for the English

nulion, in AbA.milna, Cairo, ^ oilier places of Egypt, in the yeare ot our Lord 1583. . 293

41 A coniuiisKion gnien by VL Wilbaiii Ibirelioine the Engli«li Ambassador, to M. Kieliard Forster,

aiiiliorizing Iniii Consul of the English iialiun, in the paries of Alr|»>, Daniaseu, Amaii, Trijtobs,
leru^ialeui, &c. together with u letter of directions to llie sayd ^L Forster, Ami. 1583. . 292

42
43

42 A letter

».i7sk3SS

138
138

142

174
178
Hi)
206
20(5

207

225

226

227
227
229
233

235

252

253

254

257

2C2

263
273
275
277
278

279

280

292

TREATISES, PRIUILEGES, LETTERS, &:c.

42 A letter »ent from Alger to M. William Hareborne li.r iMaiestics Ainliausador at ConttantinopV,

Anno 1583. ....... 294

43 A litter o( M. Hareborne to Muittafu, cbalenging liii» for liiii disboiiett dcalln;; in transliting three

of the Grand Signers connnamlenicntu. . . . . , 2 i4

44 A Pas|iort grauntcd to Thomas Shinglelon by the king of Algor, in the ytare 1,')83. 295

45 A letter written in Spaniiili by Sir Edward Onliornc in liis Maior.iiiic, to the king of Algir, on the be-

liall'e of certaine Englisb captiues. An. 158I-. .... 295

46 Notes concerning the trades of Alger and Alix;>ii(lri:\. .... 2y7

47 A Icttir of M. William Hareborne the l^llKll^!l An.liinsadmir, In M. IMward Uarton, Anno 1584. 2j«

48 A icnnnandcment ohtayned of the Grand Signm l)y lur !\I■^il•^li^s Anilia-sadour M. NVilhaui Hare-

borne, liir the quiet passing of liir suhicci» lo ami frnni his dominion.-, sent to the Viceroyes of
Alger, Timis, and 'rriimlis in jJarliary, An. liSk .... 299

49 A Utter of the hon. M. W illiani ILirchonic, liir Maienits Ambassadour with the Grand Sijjnnr, to

M. 'I'ljiton, apiMjinting him C'oii-iil of the I'ji^'lish, in Ali^er, Tunis, and I'ripolis in Harbary,

Aiuio l.'.Sj. . . . . . . . 'iy*

50 A (alaloguc or riuiMn' of the F.ngli^ll ■hips goods, and persons wrongfully taken by the Galhys of

Ali;(i-, with the names of the Knglili capliuts, deliuered to Hassan Ha>>a the UigUrbeg of Al-
ger, \r. . . . . . . . .301

51 A litler (if M. William Ilarclinine her Mait>lies Aiiibas.-ador f^e. lo Assan Aga, F.umieli and tica-

8iir( 1 Milci Hassan liussi k:i\:;' of Alf;< r : xvliu li Avsan Aga was sonne to I'laiiiis Howly mei-

(li.uil of l!n-tol, and uas lak< n in iin l'.n'„'lisli ship called the S»allii\c. . . 302

52 A pel.li.Mi 1 xhiliilid III the \ieeiiiy iif llie Ti'ikisii Kinpiri tii'- ril'.iriiiiitii.n of sinidiy iiiiiiries ntlered

our nuliim in Mnn a, ■•'» iilsii liir sunilry ileinaiiiules lueiMiiU lur iIk islablishing of the trallieke m

ihci-l- p.llls. . . . . ■ . . 30J

53 A oiiiiMiandi II enl nf llie ('land Sini.or lo I'alnisso in Morea, on the behalfe of the Kni;li>li. 303
Bl I he (>iitiiil ."-inniiii. I iiiiiiiiaiiili iiieiil lo C'liio mi the behalli' of the I'.nglish nierelianls. . [tOi
ii Thii <if 111- I iiiiiiii.mih imiil. seiil li. lialialiadiani and lo I'.gypI, fur the same purpose. . 3ol.
5o A eonmiiiiidi 1111 III 1 I i.m ( :<.i:v\ Si^-th r ti the ( '.idi of Alexandria, lur the restoring of an English-
man- (;':oii- «iiiii.;liilly •jkin hj ihe ItciuIi ('misul. .... ."iO.S

5" Anotlur ii'MiiH.iviiiiliiiu III 111 live I'la-.-a of .Mixaiulna, for the vt ry same piii [lose. . Hoi

58 A louuiniiniii 111 I ' the I'lu-aiult :iniisoi Meleliii and Uhi.ihs, anil In all the Cadies & Bye- in ihc

\i.iy tot i.u-iaiitiiiiiiili , I'T llie eiMii leniis and iiist vs.ige of the Kiigli-h iiu iclianls. . 305

S!i A 1 iiihiiianil" nil lit si iil lo .\icpo rnni eniiiig the gnods of .M. William Marrel di reased. . 305

t<l 1 111 C^iiieil' - leiur- til the gi> .1 Tiiiki tiir the re-liliiliiin of an Kiigli-li ship eallecl The lesus, and of
the l!iigli-h lapliiii's ihi.iinnl ai Tii| oils in Ihuliary, \ lor certaine eiher Knglishmen which re-
ni.oiiiil piisoni rsal Al;;- r. Annnl.i'-i. . . . 314

61 Till glial Tiiik..- Ii 111 r- loih.- kiii; of Tripoli- in Ihiihary, eomnianihnj; ihi re-tilution of an F,n-

^I'-li-liip 1 alUil The liMis. Willi llie men and i;ooils v^c. Anno liH.)., , . ;i|i;

62 i III li 111 r el M. \\ ilhaiii 1 l.irelioiiic In 1 Maie-lies ,\iiiha— adoir to l!a-sa Hoii.adan the Heglerhcgof

I iipiilis 111 B.aliary, lor llie n -lonni; of the sayd ship called 'I'he lisiis. Anno 158,5. . JIfi

63 '1 lie ;;ieal I uikes l'ai.(>on (if saliioniluet, lor Caplaiiie AiisUl, and lacomn Maiiiiehio. . ,i22

64 A I'.i-poii el the lale'il 1 .. itesici, lor I honias Korster gent, tnuiciling to Constantinople, Anno

l.iHii. . . . . ' . . . . 3.12

6 5 A lii -. rii.riiii of ihi \ eaii ly voyage or pilgrimage of the Mahiimetaiis, Turkes and Moores to Mecca

III .\l,ilM,l. ' . ' . . . . . . V.'J

fill A htler Mr 111 11 ii llie f Jneencs Maieslie to ZelaUlim Eehtbar king of Cambaia. and si'nt by M.

loliii NiMlieiy, Anno lJ8:i. ...... 375

6T A leiii r mill n Iniii lur Maustu to tile kin:; lit' f'hina, in the yi arc of our Lord I 583. . j7h

68 Aliilii 111 .M. loliii .New hery sent from Alr|>o to M. Hiehard llakliiytof f)\ford. Ann. I i**j. o'tj

ta Aniilii' r lellei of the savd M. Ncwbtry writicn from Ale po to M. I..oiiard I'oore at London, Anno

IJn.;. . " . . . . . . 377

70 .\ setoiul lettir 111 llie savd M. NcwlHiy, writien from Habyhui to the aforcsayd M. I'oorc, Anno

l.iSi. . " . . . " . . . .378

71 M. NfHiiery 111, letter iViim Ormiiz to M. lohn I'.ldnd, and William Shales, at Halsara, Anno 1 583. 378
12 111- tiiiid lelUr v.riiuii ti) M. I.eiinard I'ooie from tioa, m the yearc 1.584. . . 379

73 A l.iui vrilieiilium tiiialiy .M. li.ilph litili, to M. l.ioiiard I'oore alioiiesayd, Anfiol584. 381

74 I'iie npiiil 111 lohn llniglien van liiischnUii of the impn-niinii nl nf M. NcMbeiyand M. I'lteh at

Gu,i, and 1.1 iliin- CM ape liom iheme, wliuh happenid while hiin-elli' was m (ioa. . 399

75 Tlieiiiomy, We,i;iil-, im asiires, and customes vsed in Hahylon, l!al-aia. Ornuiz, Goa, ('ochin, and

.M ilieea : wiiilen lioiii Alepo in Syria, liy M. William Hariel, .Anno 158+. . 406

7(i I he I hai'^e ol :i iiiiirney by land and riiierliom .\lepo in I^yna to (ioa in the East India. . 412

'ii A deelaratiuii of all the pfuees from u hence each particular commodilieut the East Indies cumincth. 412

« 2 78 Tbe

Ifl

!<i

t|,i

■ill

,Mi

A CATALOGUE OF THE VOYAGES

78 The timea or Mawnablc windes called Monaoni, wherein the ahipi depart from place to plare in the

Eait lodiea. ••■■...

79 A deacription of the Isle of S. Helena frequented by the Portiigales in their retume from the East India.

80 A Priiiiledge granted by Peter Prince of Moldauia, to the Kiiglisli iiierchanis, Anno 1588.

81 Abriefe exunct specifying the certaine dayly payments answered quarterly in time of peace, by the

Grand Sif^nor, out of his treasury, to the officers of his Seraglio or Court, succcssiuely in degrees.

82 The chicfe officers of the great Turkes Empire ; the number of souldiers atlen<ling vpon each of his

Beglerbegs ; the principal officers in his Straglio or Court ; his yeerely reuenues, and his alluwances

to forren Ambassadours. ...... 430, 43 1

83 The letters of Sinan Bassa chiefe rouniellor to Sultan Mnrad Can the Grand Si(;iior, An. I Jyo, lo

the sacred Maicstie of Elizabeth Qiicciic of England : signifying, that v|ion her rt'(|uc»l, and fur
her sake especially he grimlLiI |Riicc iiuo tin: king of Poland.

84 The second letters patentK grantiil by the liuftMies Maiestie, lo the right wor. company of the En-

glish merchants for the F-euunt, in the yere <>f our LonI 1 i!i2.

85 A letter written by the most high and mighty Empressf the wife of the Grand Signer Sultan Murad

Can to her most sacred Maiesty of England, Anno I31>4. . . . 451

4IS
416
427

428

43:i

434

A briefe Catalogue of the principall Engli.sh Voyages made without the .Straight
of Gibraltar to the South ami Southeast quarters of the world, rontayncd in
the second part of this serond volume immedintly following. Wherein also
mention is made of certaine Sea fights, and other memorable acts performed
by the English Nation.

1 THe voyage of ■Nlacham the first discoiierer of the Isle of Madera, in the yeerc 1344. . pag.

2 Tlif fir»l voyage to Harbary, Anno 1551.

3 Till' "ccoiul voyage to Harliary, Anno 155l'. ....

4 I'lik voyage of M. 'riioma« W'inilam lo (iiiinea and the kingdom of Benin, Anno 155:).

5 Tiu' \oyai;e of M. lohn Lok lo Guiiiiu, Anno l/i.'i4. . . .

6 Till' lirsl vo\,ige of Ma.ster William Towiwm marchaut of LoniJon to Guinea, in the yeere of our

l.onl, \ba. . ■ .....

7 'Phi' .«<i'oiiil voyage of M. William Tourson lo (iiiinra anil the nt-iU- of Mina. .An. 15i(;.

8 'I'lie lliiril (oyageol llie sayd M. Wilham Tonrsoii to llie loasl of Guinea anil the riuer uf Sestcw,

Anno lAhl. .... ...

9 ■\ voyage made tu(>uiiiea at the eliargcs of .Sir \\ illiam Giranl, ."^ir William Chester, &c. .\nno

lj'(.2. ........

10 The tirsi \oyageor UoUrt Baker lo (iiiine.!. .An. Ijiij. . . . .

11 The voyage of ibe sayil KoIhtI Hakir lo (iiiinea the .«e<onil time. .An. 15r.3.

12 1 be sueci v»e olanolhcr voyage made lo (guinea, ul the direeiioii of llie »aid .Sir William Gerard, and

ollii'r», Anno 1 ')(i4. ..... . .

13 Tile voyajjr of M. George Feniier lo (iiiinea and lo the Isles of Ca|>o Venle, .\n. 15C6.

14 The iiijage and ainbawiiigi of Master I'.iliiiiiiul I loi;aii lo llie iMiijieroiir of Marocro, Anno 157".

15 llie vojau'e of I'honia* Siiikehy iiilo Itaibary, 1 j'-S. . . . .

Ifi Tile >oyai;e ot TiiomaH Mcuens about the tape of Hiioiia Es|ieranza vnto Goa in the East India,
Anno l5T:i. .......

n The memorable voyage of M. lames I.anruster about the Cape of Hiiona Esixranza, along the
I'a^lerne coast of Africa, beyoiiil Cajie Coinori, as far as tlie inaine land of .Malacca, and from
llienci' home agaiiie, Ih'^^uii in the yeeie I ri). ....

18 The voyage and anibaiw;ige of Master Henry Uulieit. to Miilly llamet Enqieroiir of Maroc?co, Anno

IJH5. ........

19 The voyage made by Uvo of sir Waller l{:ilei{li'* Pinawi, ealhcl Tlie Ser|>eut and The Mary Spark

of I'linioiilh to llie A/orrs : wlneli looke llie goiiirnourof llie Isle of .S. Michael, and Pedro
ijaroiiciito goucrnuur uf the Su-eighls of Magellan in llie yere IJiSo,

45.»
463
463

irA
470

480
4!y6

504

516
518
523

531
5.iJ
541
545

581

58(i
602

606

20 Tht

WITHOUT THE STRAIGHTS.

50 The roytgt of Sir Francii Drake to Cadiz, and the mcmoruble exploiti and teruice* performed '

by him aa well there aa at diuiTw other placen vpon the coa«t of Spainc and Portiig ile, and hit
taking of the great Kant Indian Curak called The Sant I'bihp, neere the hie of M. Michael,
Anno 1581. ....... 601

51 A voyage to Dcnin beyond the countrey of Guinea made by Master lames Welsh, who set I'oorth in

thcyecre 15H8. . . . . . . .613

22 The second voyii^e made by M. lames Welsh to Benin in Afrira, An. 1590. . 618

23 The voya){e to Spame and i'ortugalc written (as it is thought) by Colonell Anthonie Wingfield,

An. 15811. . . _ . . . . . 622

24 The voya({c (if the Hi({ht honourable the P'arle of Cumberland to the Azores, m the yeere 1 599. C4T

25 A lij;lit |HTr(irnu'd by ten marchanl.'i ships of London against 12 Spanish gallies, in the Strvit of Gi-

braltar. An. 1 VH). ....... 660

26 The valiniit li);hl pirrnrined in the Streit uf Gibraltar by the Centurion of London, against fiue

.Spanish gallirK, An. 151(1. ...... 663

27 A true rqwrt of the lii;lil about the Isles of the A/iirt», belwrene the Reiienge one of her Ma-

iesties ships vniler the conduct of Sir Iticliurd Gnimile, and an Arniailu of the kmg of Spame,

An. 15111. . . . . . . . 663

28 A voyage of certaiiie sln|M uf London to the coast of Spaine, and the Azores, An. I59L Reported

by M. Robert Flick. . . . . . .671

The Ambassagcs, Letfrrs, Priiiilc<;cs, Discourses, and other necessary matters of
circiniistancc n|>|)rrtuiiiing to the voyages in the .second part of tiiis second vo-
lume next ensuing.

1 A Note edncrniini; llie ayde and awislaiice aiiicn to king I"lin llie first of Porlugale, by certaine

I'.iiijlisli iiierili.iMi>, till- llie winning iifCi 111 111 Harlwry, .\nnii in. ■>. . . pag. 456

2 The .\iiili;issiin( uf luliii llie sicimd. km;; of I'nrtiiniile l<i l'!il«;iril llie 4. kins; of Kngland, to stay

Inliii '{'1111.1111, anil \\ illiaiii I'.iln.iii 1' iinlislinieii, pii p.ini.;; liu- .1 voy.ine t'l tiiiiiici, ,\iiiu> 1 fSl. 457

3 A linel'e mile 1 niiceniiny; an iiiieieiil Iraile nl I'li^lisli iiuiieh;iiils In tin t'.iii.iiic l>les. Anno l5Jo. 457

4 .\ ilisi ii|il;iiM 111' llie tan. irie IsI.iih1>, Willi llieir »ii.iii'.;e liu, Is ;.iiil (•iiiniiiciililiis. , 458

5 Tlie iiininiiiilities anil u.iiis tliat are .nosi 1! -ind in Cuiiiu-a, lul'.Mxt Sierra Ltuna, and the furthest

pl.iee III' liir Miiiii. ....... 513

6 Cerlaiiie ailiilesnf re.ni inliranee dtliier. .' 1 • M. lelin Lok, tiniehing a voyage to Guinea, Anno

I'lc.l. ........ 514

7 .\ leiuror ^L Iiiliii l.ok lo the Horsliipfiiil company of iiiarclianis adiienturers of Guinea, Anno

15(.l. . . . .' . . . .515

8 Tile iilatiiiii iif line N\ illhiiii Kiilter eiiiieerning a voj.ure si I out ti> Guinea, Annol5iiJ. Described

:ilsii III ti I'se liy Itiilx il liaki T. . . . . . . 516

9 A iiiiiliiiK at Sir N\ illiain (lirunls limise for the nclliiig I'oorlli of a voyage lo Guinea, with the

Million of llie tiiiiiiies. The loliii Haptist of I.ondoii, and the Mcrline of M. Gonson, .Vnno
1)1.4. . . . . .531

10 A nlaliiiii 111 the sueeesse of ihe same Miyage, taktii out of a voyage of Sir lolin Hauklns to the

VV.st Inilns. . . . . " . . . 531

1 1 Ciruiiie ie|Kirls of the lnl^;llty kiiigiloiiie of Cliiiia deliiiered by I'ortugalcs wliieli wiie there ini-

piiMiniil. . . . . . . . . 5 (6

12 .\ il.Mours*' I'f llie I«le of I^paii, and of ollitr Isles in the Kast Ocean, iic. . 500

13 .\n lAi, lit 111 diM 1 I l 111 III llie kiii^iliiiiii of China, and of llie e^lali .mil goiuniement lliereof 509

14 .\ lull li n latiun ol Hn. great nla^nll'u'enee and lu li tralVieke of llu kin^iloiii uf I'egii, Inyoiid the

l'',i t linli.i. . . . . . . ' ". 5S5

15 Ceiiaiiie 11 iiu iiilir inees of a \iiyai;e inlended to lirasil, and to the riiier ol Plate, but hum rably

oiuiiliri'Wiii nil re Itio f;iaiicle in ("Uiiiea, in llie jure 15H:i. . . . 595

lli The < e.ipe ol tin I'liinrnsr, a sliip ol l.niiilon, from before ibe towne of Bilbao ill Biscay, and the

taking of llie C'oni^iilor, Anno 15H5. . . 597

n The

irl

A CATALOGUE OF THE A\fBASSAGES, &c.

17 Tlir kinn or S|raiiu'ii Coiniiiiuion fur (lie grnerall iinburgincnt or armt of the Engliili &c. Anno

1585. ........

1 8 The LctiiM p.itoiils KTiinlcil hv her Maie»tie to i-ertaine nulileincn and merchantu of London, for a

tniilc (o Harlwry. Aiiiii> I.SS;i. .....

19 An rdict from ihi' l''iii|K?ruui' of Marocco in faiiour of all Kn|{ll«hnicn trailini; throughout hii domi-

nions, Amiki isrti. .......

20 A lelUr of ihc siyd ein|)eTimr wrillcn Id llir K.rli of I.iiccslcr, in the yearc 1583.

21 A letter of the ({uceneii Maienlie written t.> lh( einjieroiir of Maroieo, in the yrre 1587.

22 A patent |<p-auiit('<l to cerlaino inirchiints of Kxceti r, anil olhem of the Went parts, and of London,

lor a trade to the riuin of .S'lU'ija and Oainhra in Guinea, Anno 1588.

23 A relation eonceniipij,' a voyage setlixirlh liy M. lohn Newlon, and !\1. lohn Bird, merchanU of Lon-

don, to the kin<;ilniiii' and eilie of Iteiiin, wrilleii by Aiilniiy lii){rain. An, I. '•88.

24 An adiicrtiiicinent to king I'lnlip the 2. of Spaini', frmn .Angola, touching the olatc of the ume coun-

trey. An. 15IM. .......

25 A partieular note of the VVe>t Indian (leelc exjiceled to hane arriiied in Spaine, An. 1592, with the

number of iihli» of ihe winie lleete thai ix'ri-lnil and ^nfl'ered nhipshraek &r.
9C A larfrr testimony of lohn Muit;hen van Liiisrholin eoneeriiiiif( the worthy enploita atrhieued by the
right lion, the erle of riiinhcrland, by Sir Martin Kroliislitr, Sir Uiclnrd Grinuile, and diuers
other Knglish Captains, alMxil the Ules of the Aforea, and vpontbe coa>tet of Spaine and Portii-
gale, in the yearck 158tf, 1590, 1591. .....

599

603

604 «

605

610

616

621 i
670 ,

674

lati
ate
for
Ar
in

ag
Et
fie
bt

THE

■ r - f iF*c wM

r^:2»2K:

THK SECOND VOLUME

or THI PItlMaPALl

NAUIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

or THE

E N (i L I S H N A r I O N,

MADE TO THK, SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST QUARTERS OF THE WORLD,
WITHIN THE STRAIGHT OF GIBRALTAR,

WITH THE

DlllKCnONS, LKTTERS, I'RIUILKUCJES, UI3COURSES, AND OBSEKUATIONS

INCIDINT TO THK SAMC.

PRECEDED BY THE MEMORABLE DEFEAT,

THE SPANISH HUGE ARMADA,

AND THE

UONOUKABLE VOYAGE TO CADIZ.

The miraculous victory atchicueil by the Englisii Fieete, vndcr the iliscrect and
happy conduct of the right honourable, ri};ht prudent, and valiant lord, the L.
Charles Howard, L. high Admirail of Enj;land, &c. Vpon the Spanish huge Ar-
mada sent in the yeere 1588. for the iniiasion of England, together with the
wofull and miserable successe of the said Armada afterward, vpon the coasts of
Norway, of the Scottish Westerne Isles, of Ireland, of Spainc, of France, and of
England, &c. Recorded in Latine by Em.inuel van Metcran, in the 1,"). Bookc of
his history of the low Countreys.

HAuing in part declared the strange and wonderfull cuents of the yccrc cighfie eight,
which hath bene so long time foretold by ancient prophesies; wc will now make re-
lation of the most notable and great enterprise of all others which were in ihe foresaid veere
atchieued, in order as it was done. Which exploit (although in verv deed it was not per-
formed in any part of the low Countreys) was intended for their ruinc and destruction.
And it was the expedition which the Spanish king, hauing a long lime determined the same
in his minde, and hauing consulted thereabout with the Pope, set foortli and vndertooke
against England, and the low Countreys, To the end that he niiglit subdue the Realme of
England, and reduce it vnto his catholique Religion, and by that meanes might be suf-
ficiently reuenged for the disgrace, contempt and dishonour, which hee (hauing '.U vecres
before enforced them to the Popes obedience) had endured of the English nation, and for
vui.. II. B diueis

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

The Spanish Armada.

Thr prrparition
of thr Spaniih
Kii)K (o subdue
En^linJ and the
lowt Counucyi.

rtip number and
(]ualitic of thf
ihips in the
S|ianish Flcete,
with the ioiil-
diets Manners,
ind pieces of
Ordinance,

diuera other iniuries which had taken dcepe impreiision in his thnughtf*. And alxo for that
hee deemed this to bee the moHt readie and direct courMe, whereby hee might recouer Kin
heredetarie pns<«e>tfiion of the lowe Coiintrcyi«, hailing restrained the inhabitants from '•ayiing
vpon the coast of England. Which verily, vpon most weighty arguments and euident rea-
sons, was thought would vndoubtedly haue come to pawe, coiiHidering the great aboundancc
and store of all things necessary wherewith those men were furnished, which had the
managing of that action committed vnio them. But now let vs describe the matter more
particularly.

The Spanish King hauing with small fruite and commoditic, for aboue twentic yecres to-
gether, waged warre against the Nctherlanders, after deliberation with his counsollers there-
about, thought it most conuenicnt to assault them once againe by Sea, which had bene at-
tempted sundry times heretofore, but not with forces sutbcient, Vnto the which expedi-
tion it stoode him nowe in hand to ioyne great puissance, as hauing the English people his
professed enemies; whose Island is so situate, that it may either greatly hclpc or hinder all
such as saile into those parts. For which cause hee thought good first of ail to inuade Eng-
land, being pcrswaded by his Secretary Escoucdo, and by diners other well experienced
Spaniards and Dutciimen, and by many English fugiiiues, that the conquest of that Island
was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zeland. Moreouer the Spanianls were
of opinion, that it would bee farre more behouefiill for their King to conquerc England and
the lowe Countreys all at once, then to be constrained continually to maiiitaine a warlike
Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleetes, from the English Drake, and from such
like valiant enemies.

And for the same purpose the king Catholique had giiien commandement long before in
Italy and Spaine, that a great quantitie of limber should be felled for ihc biiikling of
shippes ; and had besides made great preparation of things and rurniture requisite for
such an expedition; as namely in founding of brasen Onlinanre, in storing vp of come
and victuals, in travning of men to vse warlike weapons, in leauying and mu-tering of soul-
diers : insomuch that about the beginning of the yeere l.')N8. he had tinished such a mightie
Nauie, and brought it into Lisbon hauen, as neucr the like had before that time sailed vpon
the Ocean sea,

A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by
the Spaniards; wherein were set (liiwne the number, names, and burthens nf ihc shippes,
the number of Mariners and souldiers throughout the whole Flecte ; likewise the quantitie
of their Ordinance, of their armnur, of bullets, of match, of gun-poulder, of victuals, and
of all their Nauall furniture was in the saide de-criplion particularized. Vnto all these were
added the names of the Gouernours, Cajitaines, Nol)lemen and gentlemen voluntaries, of
whom there was so great a multitude, that scarce was there any familv of accomjit, or any
one principal! man throughout all Spaine, that had not a brother, sonne or kin.seman in that
Flcete: who all of them were in goo<l hope to jHin hasc vnto themselues in that Nauie (as
thty termed it) inuincible endlcsse glorv and renownc, and to possesse themselues of great
Seigniories and riches in England, and in the lowe Coimlre\s. But because the said de-
scription was translated and published out of Spanish into diners other languages, we will
here (mely make an abridgement or bricf'e rehear^all thcoreof.

Portugal furnished and set foori'i vnder the condnct of the duke of Medina Sidonia gene-
rail of the Flecte, ten Galeons, two Zabraes, 1300. Mariners, .'{.'iUO. souldiers, :HX).
great pieces, with all requisite furniture.

Biscay, vnder the conduct of lohn .Martiiics de Kicalde Atiiniral of the wh^le Fleete, set
forth tenne (Jaleons, 4. Pataches, 7(J(). mariners, yOOO. sruldiers, 2M). gre.Tf pieces, &c.

Guipusco, vnder the conduct of Michael de Oqucudo, tenne Galeons, 4 Patai hes, 700.
mariners, 2000. souldiers, .310. great pieces,

Italy with the Lcuant Islands, vnder Marline de Vcrtcndona, 10. Galeons, 800. mariners.
tiOOO souldiers, 310 great pieces, iScc.

Castile.

ne Spaninh Armada. TUAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 8

Cattile, vndcr Diego FlorcH do ValdPK, 14. Guleons, two I'alachcM, 1700. mariners, 3400.

simldiern, iind ^80. great piecnt, &c.
Andaliizia, vnder the conduct of Prtro de Valdez, 10. Galeoni, one Patache, 800. mari-
ners, 2400. Houldiers, 5JH0. Rrcat pieces &c.
Item, vnder (he condiK t of lohn Lopez de Medina, 83. great Flemixh huliceH, with 700.

mariniTi*, .'MM). souldierH, and 400. great pieces.
Item, vnder Hugo de Moncnda, foure OulliaiMes containing I8(X). gally-nlaues, 460. mari-
ners, 870. soiildicrs, 200. great pieces, &c.
Item, vnder Diego de Mandraiia, foure GallieH of Portiigall, with 888. gally-NlaucH, 360

mariner!*, 20. great pifcci, and other requisite furniture.
Item, vnder Ai)(iionie de Mcndoza, 22. Patacheitand Zabraes, with 574. mariners, 488.

sonldier.'t, and 193. great j)ieccs.
Beoiden the M[n aforementioned there were 20. caraucis rowed with oares, being ap-
pointed to performe ncrc*tary seruices vnio the greater ships: insomuch that all the ships
apperlayning to this Nauie amounted vnto the siumine of 1 jO. eche one being sufficiently
prouided of furniture and victuals.

The number of Mariners in the saidc Fleele were abouc 8000. of siaues 2088. of .soul-
li diers 20000. (besides noblemen and gentlemen voluntaries) of great cast pieces 26.50. The

foresaid ships were of an huge and inereilible caparilie and receipt. For the whole Fleetc
was large vnough toeoiilaine the burthen of <»0. thousand tunnes.

The CJairons were 64. in number, being of an huge bignesse, and very stately built, being A d.KripUw <>«
of manieilous force also, and so high that they resembled great castles, most fit to defend ''"°''"*'
themselues and to withstand any assault, but in giuing any other ships the encounter farre
inferin\ir vnto the English and Dutch ships, which can with great dexteritie wield and turne
themselues at all assayes. The vpperworke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength
.sullitient to bearc olf musket-shot. The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of
measure strong, being framed of plankes and ribs foure or fine foote in thicknesse, insomuch
that no bullets could pierce them, but such as were di.sehargcd hard at hand : which after-
ward prooued true, for a great number of bullets were founde to t^tickc fast within the masnie
substance of those thicke plankes. Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the
ni.isls of their shippes, to strengthen them against the battery of shot.

The Galliasses were of surh bignesse, that they contained within them chambers, chapels, a dtKripiion of
turrets, pulpits, and other commodities of great houses. The Galliasses were rowed with '*" "*"'"'"■
great oares, there being in eche one of them 300. siaues for the same purpose, and were
able to do great seruice with the force of their Ordinance. All these together with the resi-
due aforenamed were furnished and beautified with trumpets, streamers, banners, warlike en-
signes, and other such like ornaments.

Their pieces of brasen ordinance were 1600. and of yron a 1000. The gnuOrdi.

The bullets thereto belonging were i20. thousand. 8i"„'';«ui];""r„d

Item ofgun-poulder 5600. quintals. Of matehe 1200. quintals. other funmuK

Of muskets and kaleiuers 7000. Of halcberts and partisans 10000.
Moreoucr they had great store of canons, double-canons, culuerings and field-pieces for
land sertiices.

Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on land to conueigh and trans- Their prouliion
port their furniture from place to place; as namely of carts, wheeles, wagons, &c. Also^^j''lJJ'_['j""''
they had spades, mattocks and baskets to set pioners on worke. They had in like sort great nrceiury.
••tore of mules and horses, and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a land-armic. They were
so well stored of biscuit, that for the space of iialfe a yeere, they might allow eche person
in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall cuery moncth ; whereof the whole summe amounteth
vnto an hundred thousand quintals.

Likewise of wine they had 147. thousand pipes, sufficient also for halfe a yeces expedi-
tion. Of bacon 65(H). quintals. Of cheese three thousand quintals. Besides fish, rise,
beanes, pease, oile, vineger, &c.

B S Moreouer

VOYAOES, NAUIOATIONS,

'fhe Spnnt$h Annnda.

lonimi'th Kii
J IOC. louljitri.

rhe rrep.iration

Cf lllr,|.,k, nf

Haima in ,udr
thf .ii'3nurdi.

Morcoucr they had I5i00() pipes of frwh-water, and nil other nrrensarv prouinion, a#
namely randies, lanterru's, lampcs, Maile«, hcmpe, nxc-hidcM and lead to slop hole* that ithould
be made with the battery of );iinsh(it To be Nhort, they brought all things ex|>edient
either for a Fleetc by sea, or for an artnie by land.

This Nauie (as Diego Pimentelli altertvanl ronfessed) wn* esteemed by the King himselfe
to containe 32iNH). persons, and to rosi him enery day 30. thousand diirates.

There were in the itaid Nauie liue ter/.aes of Spaniards, (which ler/.aes the Frenchmen rail
Regiments) voder the romniaiind cS line goiiernour't termed by the Spaiiianis, IVfastersnf tiic
field, and amongst the rest there were many olde and expert souldieri rhosen out of the gari-
8ons of Sicilie, Nai>les, and Tcr^era. Their Captaities or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli,
Don Francisro de Toledo, Don Alon^o de Lugon, Don Nicolas dc Isl.i, Don Augustin de
Mexia ; who had erhc of them '.Vi companies vnder their conduct. Besides the wliich com-
panies there were many bands also of ra.stilians and Porlugals, eucry one of which had
their peculiar gouernours, caplaines, oilicers, colours and weapons.

it was not lawfull for any man, vnder grieuous penaltie, to rary any women or harlots in
the Fleetc : for which cause the womi'ii hired ccrtaine shippes, >shereMi they sailed after the
Nauie : .some of the which being driiicn by tempest arriued vpon the coxsi of France.

The generall of this mightie Nauie, was Don Alonso Perez, de (iu/man duke of Medina
Sidonia, Lord of .S Lucar, and knight of (he n'dilen I'ieei e : by reason that the Marques ol
sania Cru/. appointed for the same dignitie, deceased before the time.

lohn Marlines de Riralde was Admirall of the Fleetc.

Francis Bouadiila was rhiefe Marshall : who ail of them had their oflicerM tit and requi>ire
for the guiding and managing ol such a multitude. Likewise Martin Alorcon was appoint-
ed Vicar generall of the Inquisition, l>eing accompanied with more then a hundreth
Monkes, to wit, lesuites, C'apuchines, and friers mendicant. Besides whom also there were
Phisiiians. Chirurgians, Apothecarie-, and whaisoeuer else perteined vnto the liospitall.

Ouerand besides the forenamet! gouernours and I'fficers being men of rhiefe note, then-
were 124. very noble and worthy Gentlemen, which went voluntarily «)f their owne rost«
and charges, to the cnde they might see fashions, learne experience, and allaine vnto glorv.
Amongst whom was the prince of .\scoli, Alim/o tie Leiiia, the manpies de Pennaliel, the
manpies de Ganes, the marques de Barlango, rount lie Paredes, rouni de Yeluas, and diners
other niarqueses and earles of the hononrable families of Mendoza, of Toledo, of Parhieco,
of Cordoua, of Gu/man, of Maiiricqtirs, and a great number of others.

While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie, the duke of Parma, at the direrfion
of king Philip, made great prejj.iralion in the low Countreys, to giue ayd Hi as.si.tanre
vnto the Spaniards ; building ships for the same purpose, and sending for Pilots and ship-
wrights out of Italy.

Ill Flanders hee raused certaine deepe chanels to be made, and among the rest the rhanrll
of Yper commonly railed Yprr-lee, employing some thousands of workemen about tlwif
scriiire: to the end tliat by the said ( hanel he might transport fihips Irom Antwerp ami
Glieiult to Briiges, wiiere lieehadassemble<l alxiue a huiuireth small ships <alled Junes being
well stored with \irtiKds, which hoyes hee was determined to hauc brouglit into the sea bv
the wa\ if Sluys, or else to iiaiie (oniit yed them by the saidc Ypcr-lee being now (if
greaier deptli, into any port of Fhnders whatsoeuer.

Ill the riiicr of Waten he caused 70. ships with flat boitomes to be built, eiirry one o(
which should seme to rary .'M). horses, hauing echo of them bridges likewise for the horses
to tome on hoord, or to goe foorlh on land. Of the same fashion he had prouideil litX),
other \essels at Neiuport, but not so i;re;it And at Diiiikerk hee procured 28. ships of
warre, such as were there to be hail, and caused a siiflicient niiinber of Mariners to be leiiied
at llaniliurgh, lireme, Kindeii, and at ctlur pl.ici-i I lee put in the ballast of the said sliipn,
great store of beaines of thicke ])lankes, being liollow inid beset with yron pikes beneatli,
but on eche side full of claspes and himkes, to ioyiie them together

Hee had likewi>c at (jreucling prouided 'iO. liioiis.i d "f i ,is!>c, which in a short space inigiii

'llic Spanish . trmadu

IRAFFIQUES, AND DISrOUEIUKS.

be rnmpact and i(iyni>d li(jJf>?iher wi(l) nail'^ and conii, and rcdurrd into ihr rorme of a
bridge. To br short, whaf^'eucr things wvere reqnittife for the making oC bridncn, uiid for
the barring and s! ppin^ vp «f h^H^nsi mnuthf?" with »iakci», pontx, and oihrr ineancn, he
fonnnaiided lo be inu(! ready. M'TfltW not farre from Nriuport haucn, he had caused a
Kreiil pile of woodrii lai..i(-i '<> be layd, and other nirniture to be brought for the rearing vp
of a mount. The most part "f lii« ships coiitcinfd two oiienn a niece lo bake brea«l in, witn
a great nnmlier of >tadU», hridk-, and •<u( h other like uppjrell for hor*e». They had hor*ci
likewise, which nfi^ r their landin<; should scruc to conuey, and draw engincH, llcld-piercsi
and other warlike prouiMionx.

Neere vnto Neinport he had awembled an arinip, nuer ilie which he had ordnined Cumillo
dc Nfonte to l)e Camii-master. This army consiHted ol M \nmU or ennignex of Italianx, of
(enne bands of Walhms, eight of Scots, and eight of RurgundianH, nil which together amount
vnto »<i. baiiiis, eiii-ry band containing a himdreth pentcms, Neare vnto Dixmud there were
mn-itcred H(). bands of Dutch men, sixtie of Spaniards, sixe of high (icrmans, and scuen
bands of I'jiglish lii)'iiiiie<, Miiler the conduct of sir William Stanlie an Kngli^h knight

In the sul);irbcs of Cortrcight there were 40()0. horsemen together with their horses in .1
rcadincxse ; and at Watcn 'JtJO. horses, with the troupe of the Marques Del Gwasio C'aptainc
geiierall of the horsemen.

Vnto this famous expcdilinn and presupposed victorie, many potentates, princes, and
l)nnoural)lc pcr^oniiges hied lheni'<elues : out of Spuine the prince of Melito callr<l the duke
of I'.i^traiia anil taken lo be the sonne of one Ituvgomrs dc Silua, but in very cleed ac-
coinpied among the lunnber ol' king I'hilips ba^e soiines. Also the Murquen of Burgraiie,
niic ol the s<miies ol An liidukc Ferdinand and Philippa Welsern. Vespasian Gonsaga of the
r.imily of Mantua, being for 1 hiualry a man of great reni wne, and heretofore Vice-roy in
Sp.iiiKv Iii'in lohn .Mediccs ba^e sonne vntn the duke of Florence. A d Amada^ uf iiauov,
the duke of Sauoy his base sonne, with many others of inferiour degrees.

Likewise I'ope Sixius quintus for the setting forth of the foresaid expedition, as they vhc to Th« Pop.i fur-
do against ■fiirke> & inlidels, published a ('ruzadn, with mosl ample indulgenceN which were i^„'"" ,7Kli''t
prinie.l in great lunnbers. The->e vaine huls the F.ngli^h and Dutchmen deriding, sayd ih.it Lnd indufihr
llic dcnill at all p.-wsagcs lay in ambush like a thiefe, no whit regarding such Ictterx ff "talc ■"" i'"""""-
conduct. Some there be which aflirme that the I'ope had bestowed the realme of Kngland
with the title of Defensor tidci, v|i< n the king ol Spaine, giuing him charge to inuade it
spun this condition, that hee should enioy the conquered realm, as a vassal and tributarie,
in that re;;ard, \nto the sea of Home. To this purpose the said Pope pruflered a million of
goltl, the one halfe thereof to be paied in rradie money, and the other halfe when the
realme of Ijigland or anv famous port thereof were subdued. And for the greater fur-
iher.mce of the whole Im^inesse, he dispatihed one I). .Mien an F.nglish man (whom he had
made Cardinall for the same endc and purpose) info the Low countries, vnto whom he com-
mitted liie adminisiratiiin of all matters ecclcsiasticall throughout F.ngland. This Allen being
enraged against his oxvne natiue counlr«v, caused the Popes bull to be translated into Eng-
li>h, meaning vpoti thearriual of the Spanish lleete to haue it so published in Fngland. Ky
which Bull the eMdinniiiniiatinns of the two former Popes were conlirmed, and the
(ill. enes incst sacred Maiestie was by them most vniustlv depriued of all j)rincely titles and
dignities, her siibiecis being enioined to pcrforme obedience vnto the duke of I'arnia, and
\ iito the popes I.cg.ite.

But that all matters might be performed with greater sccrecie, and that the whole ex-
pedition might seeme rather lo be intended against the Low countries, theft against England,
and that tiic English |)eople might be perswaded that all was but bare words & threatnings,
and that nought would come to ellect, there w.ns a solemne meeting appointed at Borborch
ill Flanders for a trcaiie of peace betweene her maiestie and the Spanish king.

Against whii h treaiie the viuted prouinces making open protestation, vscd all meane.s pos-
sible to hinder it. alleaging that it was more requisite to consult iiow the enemie now press-
ing vpon thcui might be repelled from oil" their frontiers. Houbeit >nnu' tlicie were in

r 111; land

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Spanish .iriiiadu

A treattf of
i'f act", to the
•■nd thatEng-
lilid and tlie
^niird prouin-
cc! niijht be
secure of inua*

Kfr maifitici
warlike prcpi-
i.ition ^v i.i.

Hrr Mairstirl
lind-foTcrs.

Trf prepan-
lionof iht »ni»
ifd [irouiiice*.

England that j^reatly vrged and prosecuted this leaf^ie, saying, that it would be very com-
modious vnto the state of the realmc, as well in regard of traffique and nauigation, as for the
auoiding of great expenses to maintaine the warrcs, aflirining also, that at the same time peace
might easily and vpon reasonable conditions be obtained of the Spaniard. Others thought
by this meanes to diuert some other way, or to kecpe backe the nauy now comming vpon
them, and so to escape the danger of that tempest. Howsocuer it was, the duke of Parma by
these wiles enchanted and dazeled the eyes of many English & Dutch men that were desirous
of peace: whereupon it came to ))assc, that England and the vnited prnuincen prepared in
deed some defence to withstand that dreadfull expedition and huge Armada, but nothing in
comparison of the great danger which was to be feared, albeit the constant report of the whole
expedition had continued rife among them for a long time before, llowbeit they gaue earc
vnto the relation of certaine that sayd, that this nauie was prouided to conduct and waft ouer
the Indian Fleets: which seemed the more probable because the Spaniards were deemed not
to be men of so small discretion as to .iduenture those huge and monstrous ships vpon the
shallow and dangerous chancl of England.

At length when as the French king about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in
plainc termes that she should stand \pon her guard, because he was now most certainly en-
fonned, that there was so dangerous an inu.ision imminent vpon her realme, that he feared
much least all her land and sea-forces would be sudicient to withstand it, &c. then began the
Queens Maiestie more carefully to gather her forces together, & to furnish her own ships of
warre, & the principall ships of her subiects with souldicrs, weapons, and other necessary
prouision The grtalrst and strongest ships of the whole nauy she sent vnto Plimmouth
vnder the conduct .)! the right honorable Lord Charles Howard, lord high Admiral! of England,
&c. Vnder whom the renoinned Knight Sir Francis Drake was appointed Vice-admiral. The
number of the.se ship was about an hundrcth. The lesser ships being .'?(). or 40. in number,
and vnder the conduct of the lord Henry Seimer were commanded to lie between Doner
and Caleis.

On land likewise throughout the whole realmc, souldiers were mustered and trained in all
places, and were committed vnto the most resolute and faithfull captaines. And whereas it
was commonly giuen out that the Spaniard hailing once vnited himselfe vnto the duke of
I'arma, ment to inuade by the riuer of Thames, there was at Tilburie in Essex ouer-against
Grauesend, a mightie army encamped, and on both sides of the riuer fortifications were erected,
according to the prescription of Frederike Genebclli an Italian enginicr. Likewise there
were ceitaine ships brought to make a bridge, though it were very late first. Vnto thesavd
armv came in proper person the Queens most roiall Maiestie, representing Tomvris that
Scvthian warlike princesse, or rather diuine Pallas her selfe. Also there were other such
armies leuicd in England.

The principall catholique Recusants (least they should stirrc vpanv timnilf in the time of
the Spanish inua.sion) were sent to remaine at certaine conuenient places, as namelv in the
Isle of Ely and at Wisbich. And some of them were sent vnto other places, to wit, vnto sun-
dry bi>*hops and noblemen, where they were kept from endangering the state of the common
wealth, and of her sacred Maiestie, who of her most gracious clemencie gaue expresse com-
mandcment, that they should be intreated with all humanitie and friendship.

The prouinces of Huliand and ZelancI, &c. giuing credite vnto their intelligence out of
Spain, made preparation to defend themselucs : but because the Spanish ships were described
vnio them to be so huge, they relied partly vpon the shallow and dangerous seas all along
their costs. Wherfore they stood most in doubt of the duke fif I'arma his small and flat-
bottomrd ships. Howbeit they had all their ships of warre to the nunilx-r of tX). and abonc,
in a readinesse for all assay es : the greater part whereof were of a small hurtlien. as being
more meete to saile vpon their riucrs and shallow seas : and with these sliips tlicv besieged
all the h.uiens in Flanders, beginning at the mouth of Scheld, or from the towno of Lillo,
and holding on toGrciieling and almost vnto Caleis, & fortilied all their st.-townes with strong
garriiM>ns.

Against

(

The Spauish Armada. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

Against the Spanish fleets arriiiall.they had prouided 25. or 30. good ships, committing the
gnuernment of them vnto Admirall Lonck, whom they commanded to ioine himselfe vnto the
lord Ilt-nry Scymer, lying bctwccne Doner and Calos. And when as the foresaid ships
(whereof the sjreater part l)esicged the haiion of Dnnkcrke) were driuen by tempest into
Zcl.ind, Iiistin of Nassau the Admiral of Zeland supplied that squadron with 35. ships being
of no };rcat burthen, but excellently furnished with gunnes, mariners and souldiers in great
abundance, and especially with 120l). braue Musquetiers, hauing bene accustomed vnto sea-
fights, and being chosen out of all their companies for the same purpo.se : and so the said
lustin of Nassau kept such diligent ward in that Station that the duke of Parma could not
issue foorth with his nauy into the sea out of any part of Flanders.

In the meane while the Spanish Armada set saile out of the hauen of Lisbon vpon the 19.
of Mav, An. Dom. 1588. vnder the conduct of the duke of .Medina Sidonia, directing their
course for the Baic of Corunna, ali;\s the Groine in Gallicia, where they tooke in souldiers
and warlike prouision, this port being in Spaine the ncerest vnto England. As they were
sailing along, there arose such a mightie tempest, that the whole Fleete was dispersed, so
that when the duke was returned vnto his company, he could not cscry aboue 8() ships in all,
whereunto the residue by litlc and litle ioyned themselues, except eight which had their mastcs
blowen ouer-boord. One of the foure gallies of Portingal escaped very hardly, retiring her
selfe into the hauen. The other three were vpon the coast of Baion in France, by the assist-
ance and courage of one Dauid Gwin an English captiue ( whom the French and Turkish sialics
aided in the same enterprise) vtlcrly disabled and vanquished: one of the three being first
ouercome, which conquered the two other, with the slaughter cf their gouernourH and soul-
diers, and among the rest of Dun Diego de Mandrana with sundry others: and .so those slaues
arriuing in France with the three Gallies, set themselues at libertie.

The nauy hauing refreshed themselues at the (Jroine, & rcceiuing daily commandement
from the king to hasten their iourney, hoised vp sailes the 11. day of July, and so holding on
their course fill the ID. of the same moneth, they came then vnto the mouth of the nan w
seas or English chancl. From whence (striking their sailes in the meane season) thev dis
patched ccrtaine of their smal .ships vnto the duke of Parma .\t the same time the Spanish
Fleete was cscricd by an English pinasse, captaine whereof was M. Thomas Fleming, after
thev had bene aduerliscd'of the Spani.inls expedition by their scoutcs and espials, which
hauing ranged along the coast of Spaine, were lately returned home into Plimmouth for a
new supi>lv of victuals ami olhrr ncress.nries, who considering the I'orcsayd tempest, were of
opinion tliai the nauy being of late dispersed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean, was
by no means able to performe their intended voiagc.

Morcouer, the L. Charles Howard L. high admiral of England had receiued letters from
the court, signifying vnto him that her Maiestie was aduertised that the Spanish Fleete
would not come foorth, nor was to be any longer expected for, and therefore, that vpon her
Maiesties commandement he must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest ships vnto
(hattam.

The lord high .VIniiral of F.ngland being thus on the sudden, namely vpon the 19. of July
about foure of the riocko in the aftemoonc, enformed by the pinasse of caplaine Fleming
aforesaid, of the Spaniards approrh, with all speed and diligence ])ossible he warped his ships,
and caused his mariners and snuUlicrs (the greater part of whom was absent for the cause
afore.sayd) to rome on boord, and that with great trouble anil dinirultie, intiomuch that the
lord ,\dniiral himselfe was fain" to lie without in the road with sixe ships onely all that night,
after the which many otiu'rs came fonrih of the hauen. The very next day being the iJO. of
lulv about high noone, was tiie Spani«h Fleete escried by the English, which with a Southwest
winil came sailing along, and pas.opd by Plimmouth: in which regard (according to the
iudgement ol many skilful nauigators) they greatly oucrshot Iheiiiseliies, whereas it had bene
more commodious for them to haue 'faiid themselues there, considering that the Englishmen
being as yet vn|)rouidcd, greatly relied vp m their owne forces, and knew not the estate of
the Spanish nauy. Morcouer, this was the most coniicnient port of all others, wiicre thev

might

The Spanish
flffte jet tailc
^poi) the 19. of
Mjy.

Thtyjet i.iile
from y Groine
%pon the 11. of
luly.

The Spani-
ards come
within ken-
ning if Fiijbnil.
Captiuie He*
ming.

The I.. AJmi-
rils sh.)rt w.irn-
ing spun the
19.0!' luly.

The JO. of
luly.

■1

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Spanish Armuihi

Thru, t.f
luly.

minht ^^iIh oicnter sccuritic hauc bene aducrtised of the English forces, and how the com-
mons of the land stood aflcrted, and niijjht haue stirred vp some inutinie, so that hither they
-honld hatic bent ail their jniissance, and from hence the duke of Parma might more easilv
Imue conueied his sliip-i.

But this they were prohibited to doe by the king and his cminsell, and were exprcssciv
t-(immanded to vnite themsohies vnto thesouldiers and ships of the said duke of Parma, and
<o to bring their purpose to eH'ert. Which was tliought to be the most casie :ind direct course,
for fliat they imaj^incd that theKiiglish and Dutch men wouUI lie vtterly daunted and di-^maied
thereat, iind would enrh iniuiofthem retire vnto his owne Prouince and Porte lor the defence
tliereof, ;nul tran>ip(>rting the armie of the duke vndcr the jirotcction of tiieir huge naiiy.
thev might inuade England.

It is repnrled that the chicfe commanders in tlie nauv, and those which were more skilfull
in nauigatioi), to wit, lohn .Nfartincs de Kicalde, Diegc Flores dc Valdc/, and diners ethers
found fault that thev were bound vnto so strict directions and instructioiH, because that in
such a case many particular accidents ought to concnrre and to be respected at one and the
same inxtant, that is to sav, the o|5portunitie of the wind, weather, time, tide, and ebbe,
wherein thev might saile from Flanders to I'jigland. Oftentimes also the darkenesse and
light, the situation of places, the depths and shoulds were to be considered: all which es-
pecially dcjjcuded vpon the conuenicncie of the windes, and were by so much the more
dangerous.

But it seemeth that they were enioined by their commission to ancre neere vnto, or about
Caleis, whither the duke of Parma with hissliijjs and all his warrclike prouision was to resort,
and while the I'.nglish and Spanish great ships were in the midst of their conflict, to passe by,
and to land his souldiers v])o!) the Hovvnes.

The Spanish captiues reported that they were determined first to hauc entred the riuer of
Thames, and thereupon to haue pa-i-^cd with small ships vp to London, supposing that thev
might easilv winne that rich and flouri-hing C'ltie being but meanely fortified and inhabited
with Citizens not acc\istomeil to tiie warrcs, who durst not withstand their first encounter,
hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maieslie and popish catholicpies, or some
fauourers of the Scottish (picene which was not long before mo.st iustly beheaded) who
might be instruments of sedition.

Thus often aduerti'ing tl\e duke of Parma of their appnch, the 'iO. of lulv they pa.s»cd by
I'limmouth, which the English ships pursuing and getting the wind of them, gaiie them the
chase and the encounter, and so both Elects franklv exchanged their bullets.

The dav following which was the 'il. of .Inly, the English ships apjirochcd within musqnet
shot of the Spanish : at what time the lorde Cliarlrs Howard most hotiv and valiantiv dis-
charged his Ordinance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall. The Spiniards then well pcrceiuing
the nimblenesse <if the English ships in discharging vpon the eniniie on ail sides, gathered
themsdues close into the forme of an halfe nioone, and slackened their sailcs, least ihev should
outgoc anv of their companic. And while they were proceediii" on in this mancr, one of
their great (Jalliasses was so furiouslv battered with shot, that the whole naiiy was fainc to
come \p rounder together for the safegard tliereof: wherebv it came to passe that the prin-
cipall (iaileon of Siuiil (wherein Don Pedro de Valde/, Vasques de Silua, .\Ion/o de Savas,
and other noblemen were embarqiu'd) falling foule of another shippe, had her f(. re-mast
broken, and bv that meanes was not able to keepe way with the Spanish I'lcctc, neither
would the savile Flecte stav to succour it, but left the distressed (Jalcon behind. The lord
Admirall of England when he saw this ship of Valdez, & thought she had bene vovd of Ma-
riners and Souldiers, taking with him as manv shippcs as he could, i):issed \y it, tiiat he might
not loose sight of the Spanish Fleet that night. For sir Francis Drake (who was notwithstand-
ing appointed to bcare out his lanterne that night) was giiiing of chase \nlo line great llulkes
which had separated themselues from the Spanish Flecte : hut finding them to be Ivnstcrlings,
he dismissed them, fhe lord Ailmir:dl all that night following the Spanish lanterne in siead

k Armcuht

i the com-
liitlicr they
nore easily

cxprcsscly
*nrmn, and
rcct roiirsc,
id d'MTiaied
he dcfenr o
tiiiRC nauy.

lore skilfiill
iucrs ('tlicr>
aiiso that in
no and the
and ebbe,
■encsse and
II which es-
\ the more

to, or about
as to re>ort,
to passe by,

the riiier of
If; that ihov
id inhabited
t encciunter,
lies, or some
eadcd ) who

?y passed by
me them the

hill musquet
vniiaiitiv dis-
II pcrreiiiins
les, jrafhrred
ft they should
laiier, one of
• was fairic to
ihal the priii-
n/(i de Say as,
her fore-mast
eclc, neither
d. The lonl
' voyd of Ma-
that he Miinhf
notwitlistand-
■ jjrrat Ihilkcs
)e l''nst(Tlin;;s,
lerne in stead
of

The SpnnisJi Armada. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. !

of the English, found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his cnimies Flcete, bill
when he perceiucd it, hec cleanly coiuieyed himselfe out of that great dan^-^er.

The day folowing, which was the two and twentie of liily. Sir Francis Drake espied Val-ThMio/
dez his shippc, whereunto hee sent foorth his pinnassc, and being aduertised that Valdez him- '"''•
seife was there, and 4,"i(). persons with him, he sent him word that he should yeeld himselfe.
Valdez for his honors sake caused certaine conditions to be propounded vnto Drake: who an-
swered Valdez that he was not now at laisure to make any long parle, but if he would yeeld
himselfe, he should find him friendly and tractable: howbeit if he hadresolued to die in fight,
he should prooue Drake to be no dastard.

Vpon which answerc V^aldez and his company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the
hands of fortunate Drake, being mooued with the renoume and cclebritie of his name, with
one consent yeelded themselues, and found him very fauourable vnto them. Then Valdez Don Pedrode
with 40. or .'jU. noblemen and gentlemen pertaining vnto him, came on boord sir Francis Jjl'^^" ^'''^^^^
Drakes ship. The residue of his company were caried vnto Plimmoiith, where they were innyuktn.
<letaincd a yere & an hall'e for their ransome.

Valdez comming vnto Drake and humbly kissing his hand protested vnto him, that he and
his had resolued to die in batiell, had they not by good fortune fallen into his power, whom
they k ew to be right curteous and gentle, and <\hom they had heard by gencrall report to
bee most fauourable vnto his vanquished foe: insomuch that he sayd it was to bee doubted
whether his eiiiinies had more cause to admire and loue him for his great, valiant, and pro.s-
perous exploites, or to dread him for his singular felicitie and wiseclom, which cuer attended
vpon him in the warres, and by the which hee had attained vnto so great honour. With that
Drake embraced him andgauehim very honourable cntertainement, feeding him at his ownc
table, and lodging him in his cabbin.

Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forccsof all the Spanish Fleet, and how foure
minlitie (Jallies were separated by tempest from them : and also how they were determined
(ir<t to haue put into Plimmciilh haiien, not expecting to bee repelled thence by the English
shijis which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces, perswading
themselues that by means of their huge Fleete, they were become lords and commaunders of
the maiiie Ocean. For which cause they marueled much how the English men in their small
ships durst apprnch within musket shot of the .Spaniards mightic wooddcn castle.s, gathering
the wind of them with many other such like attempts.

Immediately after, Valdez and his company, being a man of principal authoritie in the Spa-
nish rieele, and being descended of one and the same familie with that Valdez, which in the
\eere l.">74. besieged Leiden in Holland, were sent captiues into England. There were in
the sayd ship ;i."^» thousand ducates in ready money of the Spanish kings gold, which the
souldiers merily shared among themselues.

The same day was set on lire one of their greatest .shippes, being Admirall of the squadron
of (iuipusco, and being the shippe of .Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirallof the whole Fleete,
which contained great store of gunnepowder and other warrelike proiiision. The vpper part
onelv of this klii|>pe w.is burnt, and all the persons therein contained (except a very few)
wore consumed with lire. .\nd thereupon it was taken bv the English, and brought into a great Bii.
Ijigland with a number of miserable burnt and skorched Spaniards. Howbeit the gunpowder""'' »i'i|"«-
l,tii the great admiration of all men) remained whole and vnconsumed. tn'siish. '

In the ineane season the lord .\dmirall of England in his ship called the .\rke-royall, all that
nii^lit pursued tiie Spaniards so neere, that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the
eniniie> r!e<'te, and it was loure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English
I'iect could ouertake him.

.\t the same lime Hugo de Moncada gouernour of the foure Galliasses, made humble ,sute
\nto the Duke of Medina that he might be licenced to encoiinlcr the Admirall of England:
y\\\\vU liherlie the (hike thought not good to permit vnto him, because hec was loth to exceed
i.ie liinites of his coinmis<ion and charge.

Vpon Tuesday wliich was the tliree and twentie of luly, the ii;uiie being come uuer against The ij. oi

VOL. M. (J Portland, i"iy-

}

■ \:

VOYAGES, NADIGATIONS,

The Spanish Armada.

A 5if.il%'ti«-
riiti ship .ind
olhcr ^mall ihips
takfti hy the
En^lilh.

Portland, the wind brgan to tiirnc Norllicrly, insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate
and (it gale to inuade thcEn<;iish. But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler Ships, re-
couered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards, whereat the Spaniards seemed
to bee more incensed to tight then before. But when the English Fleete had (-ontinuaiiy
and without intermission from morning to night, beaten and battered them with all their shot
both great and small : the Spaniardes vniting themselucs, gathered their whole Fleete close
together into a roundell, so that it vas apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others,
but onely to defend themselues and to make hast vnto the place prescribed vnto them, which
was neere vnto Uiinkerk, that they might ioine forces with the duke of I'arma, who was de-
termined to haue proceeded secretly with his small shippes vndcr the shadow and protection
of the great ones, and so had intended circumspectly to performc the whole expedition.

This was the most furious and bloodic skirmish of all, in which the lord Admirall of Eng-
land continued lighting amidst hisenimics Fleete, and seeing one of his Captuincs afarre ofT,
hec spake vnto him in these wordes : Oh Cieorge what doest thou ? Wilt liiou nowe frustrate
my ho|)c and o])inion conceiucd of thee' Wilt thou forsake me nowe? With which wordes
hec being enllamed, approchcd foorihwith, encountered the enemie, and did the part of a
most valiant Cajitainc. llis name was (ieorge Fenner, a man that had bene conuer>ant in
many Sea-lights.

hi this conllici there was a cerlaine great Venetian ship with other small ships surprised
and taken hy the English.

The English nauie in the meane while increased, whercunto out of all Ilauens of the
Kcalme resorted ships and men ; for they all with one accord came Uocking thither as vnto
a set lield, where immortall fame and glory was to be attained, and faitlifull seniiteto bee
performed vnto their prince and countrey.

In which inimber there were many great and honourable personages, as namely, the Erles
of Oxford, of Northu'nbcrland, ofC-'umberland, &c. with many Knights and (ientlemen : to
wit. Sir Thomas Cecill, Sir l{ol)ert Cecill, Sir Walter Haleigh, Sir William Ilatton, Sir Ilotalio
Palatiacini, Sir Henry Brooke, Sir Robert Carew, Sir Charles Blunt, MastirAmbro.se Wil-
loughbie. Master Henry Nowell, Master Thomas Gerard, Master Henry Dudley, Master Ed-
ward Darcie, Master ArlhurCJorge, Master Thomas Woodhouse, Master William Haruie, itc.
And so it came to pa-^se that the number of the English shippes amoimiecl vnto an hnndrelh:
which when thev were come before Doner, were increased to an hundred and ihirlie, being
notwithstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards, except two
or three and twenlie of the Queenes greater shippes, which onely, by reason of their pre-
sence, bred an opinion in the Spaniardes miiides concerning the power of the English Fleet :
the mariners and souKliers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand.
iht u oriuiv. The foure and twentie of luly when as the sea was calme, and no winde stirring, the fight
was onely bctweene the foure great CJalleasses and the English shippes, which being rowed
with Oares, had great vauntagc of the sayde English shippes, which notwithstanding for all
that would not bee forced to yecid, but dischargeii their chaine-shot to cut asuiuler their Ca-
bles and Cordage of the (Jalliasses, with many other such Stratagemes. Tliey were nowe
constrained to send their men on land for a newe supplie of Gunne-powder, whereof they
were in great skarcilic, by rea.son they had so frankely spent the greater part in the former
conflii Is.

The same dav, a Counsell being assembled, it was decreed that the Engli.-h Fleete should
be deui<le<l into loure s(piadrons : the principall whereof w..s committed vnto the lord Admi-
rall: the second to Sir Francis Drake : tlic ihiril, to Cnptaine Hawkins : the fourth, to Cap-
taine Frolii^her.

The S|):iniards in their .sailing obserued very dilijent and good order, sayling three and
foure, anil sometimes Inoreslli[>^ in a ranke, and lolowing dose vp one after another, and the-
stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser.

The Hue and twentie of Inly wlieii tiie Spani.udes were come ouer-gainst the Me of Wight,
the lord .\dmirall of England being accompaniecl with his best ships, (namely tiie Lion, Cap-

taine

tht 25. cf

l.ilv.

wl»>

Armada.

fortunalc
Ships, re-
•lU seemed
ontinunlly
1 their shot
lecte close
ade others,
hem, which
ho was de-
protection
>dilion.
all of Eiig-
s afarrc oflT,
vc frustrate
ich wordes
c part of a
niiersant in

IS surprised

lens of the
thcr as vnto
mice to bee

y, the F,r!es
illemen : to

Sir H(<ratio
ibrosc Wil-

Master Ed-
I Ian lie, &c.
n huiulrcth :
lirtie, being

except two
if their prc-
iglish Fleet :

np, the fight
beinn; rowcil
uiing for all
ler their C"a-
' were iiowe
■hereof iliey
I llie former

'iecte should
' lord Adini-
rthj to C'ap-

<; three and
her, and the-

.le of Wight,

e Lion, Cap-

faiiie

]

The Spanish Mmada. TUAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

taine whereof was the lord Thomas Howard : The Elizabeth lonas vndcr the cominandemcnt
of Sir Robert Southwel sonnc in lawe vnto the lord Admirall : the Bcarc vnder the lord Shef-
field nephew vnto the lord Admirall: the Victorie vnder Captainc Barker : and the Galeon
Leicester vnder the forcnamed Captaine George Fcnner) with great valour and dreadfull
thundering of shot, encountered the Spanish Admiral being in the very midst of all his Fleet.
Which when the Sjianiard perceiued, being assisted with his strongest ships, he came foorth
and entered a terrible combate with the English : for they bestowed each on other the broad
sides, and mutually discharged all their Ordinance, being within one hundred, or an hundred
and twentic yards one of another.

At length the Spaniardes hoised vp their sayles, and againe gathered themselues vp close
into the forme of a roundel. In the meane while Captainc Frobishcr had engaged himselA-
into a most dangerous conflict. Whereupon the lord Admirall comming to succour him.
found that hec had valiantly and di-icreetly behaued himselfe, and that hee had wisely and
in good time giuen oucr the light, because that after so great a batterie he had sustained no
damage.

For which cause the day following, being the sixc and twentie of luly, the lord Admirall
rewarded him with the order of knighthood, together with the lord Thomas Howard, the lord
Sheflield, M. lohn Hawkins and others.

The same day the lord Admirall receiued intelligence from Newhauen in France, by cer-
taiiie of bis Pinnasses, that all things were quiet in France, and that there was no preparation
of sending aide vnto the Spaniards, which was greatly feared from the Guisian faction, and
from the Leaguers : hut there was a false rumour spread all about, that the Spaniards had con-
quered F.ngland.

The scuen and iweinie of luly, the Spaniards about the sunne-setting were come oucr-
against Doner, and rode at ancre within the sight ofCaleis, intending to hold on for Dunkerk,
expecting there to iovne with the duke of Parma his forces, without which they were able to
doe title or nothing.

Likewise the English Flecte following v|) hard vpon them, ancred iust by them within cul-
uering-shot. And here the lord Henry Seymer vnitcd himselfe vnto the lord Admiral with
his fieete of .'iO. ships which ro.id before the mouth of Thames.

.\s the Spanish nauie therefore lay at ancre, the duke of Medina sent cerlaine messengers
vnto the duke of Parma, with whom vpon that occasion many Noblemen and Gentlemen went
to refresh themselues on land : and amongst the rest the prince of Ascoli, being accounted
the kings base sonne, and a very proper and towardly yong gentleman, to his great good,
went on shore, who was by so much the more fortunate, in that hee had not opportunitie to
retiirne on boord the same ship, out of which he was departed, because that in returning home
it was cast away vpon the lri>h coast, with all the persons contained therein.

The duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Flectes arriuall vpon the coast of Eng-
land, made all the haste hee could to bee present himselfe in this expedition for the per-
formance of his charge : vainely perswading himselfe that nowc bv the nieanes of Cardinall
Allen, hee should be crowned king of Engl.ind, and for that cause hec had resigned the go-
iiernement of the Lowe countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder. And hauing made his
\owes vnto S. Mary of Hall in Henault (^whom he went to visite for his blind deuotions sake)
hee returned toward Bruges the yH of luly.

The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard the thundering Ordinance of either Fleet:
and the same eiiening being come to Dixmnd, hee was giuen to vndcrstand the hard succcsse
of the Sp.inish I'leete.

\'piin Tuesday which was the thirtieth of luly, .nbout high noone, hec came to Dunkerk,
when as ;ill ilie Spanish Fieete w.is now passed by : neither durst anv of Iiis ships in the meane
space come foorth to .issist the savd Sjianish Flecte for feare of fine and thirtie warrclike
ships of Hollanil and Zeland, which there kept watch and wardc vndcr the conduct of the
Admirall luslin of Nassau.

The forcsayd line and tiiirtie shippes were furnislicd with most cunning mariners and oldc

(" 'i expert

Tht»6.of W\,

The 17. of
luly.

The Spani-
ard) mere be-
fore Calcis.

ThelR. nflul;

The lo.of
Ijly.

Tlie 30. cf
I,.ly.

V,!

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The Spanish Armada.

Thf Spaniard

V.UI1C npirir
Cnncirnuig

ewn fleet.

n.raSvf

expert sniildieix, amongst the which were twcliic hundred Muskcticr-), whom the Stalest had
choxcn out of all their garisons, and whom they knew to hauc bene heretofore experienced
in sea-fights.

This nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suHer any shippe to come out of the
Hauen. not to permit any Zabraes, I'ataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete
(which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers) to enter thereinto, for the greater ships
were not to be feared bv reason of the shallow sea in that place. Howbcit the prince of
Parma his forces being as yet vnreadie, were not come on boord his shippcs, onely the
English rugitiucs being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir William
Stanley, came in lit time to haue bene embarked, because they hoped to giue the first
assault against England. The residue shewed thcmsclues vnwilling atid loath to depart,
because they sawe but a few mariners, who were by cnusiraint drawne into this expedi-
tion, and also because they had very bare prouision of bread, drinke, and other necessary
victuals.

Moreouer, the shipjies of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight, threatening
shot and powder, and man\ inconncniences vnio them : for fearc of which shippes, (he Ma-
riners and .Sea-men secretly withdrew thcmselues both day and night, least that the duke of
Parma hi>. souldicrs should compell them by maine force to goe on boord, and to breake
through the Hollanders FIccIc, which all of them iudgcd to bee impossible by reason of the
straiglitncxsf of the Hauen.

But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and pre-

thcir sumptuous expectation, that all the ships of Kngland and of the Low coiuitreys would at the
first sight cf the Spanish and Duiikerk Nauie haue betaken thenisehies to flight, yoclding
them sea roome, and endeuouring onely to ilefend them^elues, their haiiens, and sea coasts
from inuasion. Wherefore their intent and purpose wa«, that the Duke of Parma in his
small and (lat-bottomcd >hippes, should as it were vnder the shadow and wings of the
Spanish fleet, conuev oner ail his troupes, armour, and warlike prouision, and with their
forces so vnited, should inuaile England; or while the English fleet were busie<l in fight
against the Spanish, should enter v|)on any part of the coa'.t, which he thought to be most
conucnient. Which inuasion i,as the capttues afterw.ird confessed) tin- Duke of Parma
thought first to haue attempted bv the riuer ol'Tliames; v|>on the bankes whereof hauing at
his first arriuall landed twenty or thirty thiuisand of his principall souldicrs, he supposed
that he might easily haue woonne tlieCitie of London; both lurause his small shippes should
haue followed and assisted his land-forces, and also tor that thcCitic it selfe wasbut meanely
fortified and e.isie to ouercome, by reason of the ('iti/.ens delicacie and discontinuance from
the w.irres, who with tontiiuiall and constant labtiur might be van(|uished, if they yccldcd
not at the first assault. They were in good hope also to h.iie mette with some rebels
against her Maiestie, and su<h as were discontented with the present state, as Papists and
others. Likewise thev looked for a\de from the fauortrs of the Scottish (iueene, who was
luit long before put to death; all which they thought wo;ild haue stirred vp seditions and
la( iii>ns.

Wiienas therefore the Spanish fleet rode at anker bef( re Caleis, to the end thev might
consult with the Duke of I'arnia wh.it was best to be done according to the Kings com-
mandement, .ind the present estate of tlieir alliiircs, and had now (as we will afterward de-
clare) purpiised vpon the second of August being Fridav,|with one power and consent to haue put
lluir intended l)usinesso in practise; the L. .\dinirall of England being admonished by her
M.iiesiies letters from the Court, thought it most expedient either to liriiie the Spanish fleet
from that place, or at leastwise to giue them the enci iiiiter: and for that cause (according
to her Maiisiies prescription) he tonke forthwith eight of his woorst & basest ships which
came next to hand, iS: disburthening tiu-ni of ;ill things which seemed to be of any vilue,
filled them with gun-powder, pitch, brimstone, and with other comliustible and (irv matfr;
and charging all their ordinaine with powder, Inillets. and stones, he sent the sayd ships

i-iy. %pon the 'is of luly being Sunday, about two (if the clotkc after niiio ight, with the winde

and

MfaMMlMUWM

The Spanish Anmida.

TRAFFiaUES, AKD DISCOUERIES.

and tide against the Spanish fleet: which when they had proceeded a good npace, being fop*
sakcn of the PilotH, and not on (ire, were directly carried vpon the King of Spaines Nauie:
which (ire in the dead of the night put the Spaniards into such a perplexity and horroiir (for
they feared lest they were like vnto those terrible .ship**, which Frederic lenebelli three
ycercs before, at the siege of Antwerp*, had furnished with gun-powder, stones, and dread-
ful] engines, for the dissolution of the Duke of Parma his bridge, built vpon the riucr of
Scheld) that cutting their cables whereon their ankers were fastened, and hoising vp their
sailcs, they betooke themselues very confusedly vnto the maine sea.

In this sudden confusion, the principall and greatest of the foure galliasses falling fowie
of another ship, lest her rudder: for which cause when she could not be guided any longer,
she was by the force of the tide cast into a certaine showld vpon the shore of Caleiii, where
she was imnicdiatly assaulted by diuers English pinas^es, hoyes, and drumblers.

And as they lay batterinjj of her with their ordinance, and durst not boord her, the L. Ad-
mirall sent thither his Innu; boat with an hundreth choise souldiers vnder the command
of Captaine Ainias I'rc^ton. Vpim whose approch their fellowcs being more emboldened,
(lid (illtT to bdonl the galliasse: against whom the goucrnour thereof and Captaine of all the
foiire galliasscs, Ilu^o de Moncada, stoutly opjxtsed himselfc, lighting by so much the more
valiantly, in that he hoped presently to be succoured by the Duke of Parma, In the meanc
season, Moncada, after he had endured the conflict a gooil while, being hitte on the head
with a bullet, fell <lo\\nc starke dead, and a great number of Spaniards also were slaine in
his company. The greater part of the residue leaping outr-boord into the sea, to sauc them-
seliies by swimmiii!;, were most of them drowned. Howbtit there escaped among others
Don Atiilionio do .Manriqiies, a principall officer in the Spanish fleet (called by them their
Veador ;;cnerall) together with a lew .Spaniards besides: which Anthonio was the first man
that carried certaine newes of the siicces.sc of their fleet into Spaine.

This huge and m()n-.troits galliasse, wherein were contained three hundred slaues to lug at
the oares. and foure hundred souldiers, was in the space of three hourcs rifled in the same
place; and there were found amongst diuers other cOmodities 5(XXX) ducats of the Spanish
kings treasure. At length when the slaues were released out of their fetters, the English
men would haue set the sayd ship on fire, which Monsieur (iourdon the gnuernor of Catei!«,
for fearr of the damage which might thereupon ensue to the Towne and Hauen, would not
permit them to do, but draue them from thence with his great ordinance.

Vpon the 29 of luly in the morning, the Spanish Fleet after the foresayd tumult, hauing
arranged themselues .igaine into order, were, within sight of Greueling, most brauely and
fiirii'usly encountered by the English; where they once againe got the winde of the Spa-
nianls; who suflered themselues to be depriued of the commodity of the place in Caleis
rode, and of the aduantage of the winde neere vnto Dunkerk, rather then they would change
their array or separate their forces now conioyncd and vnited together, standing onely vpon
their defence.

.\nd albeit there were many excellent and warlike ships in the English fleet, yet scarse
were there 22 or 'Xi among them all which matched !K) of the Spanish ships in bignesse, or
«()iild coniicniently assault them. Wherefore the English shippes vsing their prerogatiue of
nimble stirrage, whereby they couUl tiirne and wield themselues with the winde which way
they listed, came oi'ieti times very neere vpon the Spaniards, and charged them so sore,
that now and then they were but a pikes length asunder: & so continually giuing them one
broad side after aimiher, they discharged all their shot both great and small vpon them,
spendiiii; one whole day Iron morning till night in that violent kinde of conflict, vntill such
time as p<iw(ler and bullets failed them. In regard of which want thev thought it eon-
uenicDt not to pursue the Spaniards any longer, because ihev had many great vantages of
the English, n:imely for the extraordinary bignesse of their ships, and also for that they were
so neer»!y conioyned, aiul kept together in so go<Hl arrav, tiiat they coulil by no mcanes bo
fouglit withall one to one. The English ihounht therel'ore, that they had right well acquited
themselues, in chasing the Spaniards first from Caleis, and then from Dunkerk, and by that

mcanes

Thf gilliiiw at
Mugi) tic Mou-
C3dj cut vpuii
lltr shcwldi be*
futc Cileis.

M. Ami.is Prf-
*ton valiantly
hth.rdilh tf.f
gjlll.1151'.

TiK grMI (ifhl
btforr firrurling
tbe 19 of luly.

, ft

V*Mf*r ♦■•*W^—

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The Spanish <4nnitdii.

\ I

H /

Thrfc Spanish
O.ippcs suiicke
t:' the fght.

meancs fo liaiic hindered them from ioyninj; with the Duke of Parma his forces, and gcltinp
the windc of ihcm, to haiie driucn them from their owne couMts.

The Spaniards that day sustained preat losse and damage haiiinj; many of iheir shippes
shot thorow and thorow, and they discharged likewi>ie great store of ordinance against the
English; who indeed sustained some hinderance, but not comparable to the Spaniards losse:
for tliey lost not any one ship|>c or person of account. For very diliuent inquisition being
made, the English men all that time wherein the Spanish Nanie sayled vpon their seas, are
not found to banc wanted aboue one hundrelh of their peo|)le: albeit Sir Francis Drakes
shippc was pierced with shot aboue forty limes, and his very cabben was twise shot thorow,
ami about the conclusion of the light, the l)edde of a certaine gentleman lying weary there-
upon, was taken (piitc from vndcr him with the force of a bullet Likewise, as the Earle of
Northumberland and Sir Charles niunl were at dinner v|)on a time, the bullet of ademi-cul-
iiering brake thorow the middest of their cabbin, touched their feet, and sirooke downe
two of the Manders by, with many such accidents befalling the English shippes, which it
were tedious to rehearse. Whereupon it is most apparant, that (lod miraculously prcserued
the English nation. For the L. Admirall wrote vnfo her Maiestie that in all humane rca^ion,
and according to the iudgement of all men (euery circumstance being duly considered) the
English men were not of any such force, whereby tliev mii',ht, without a miracle, d.ire once
to approch within sight of the Spanish Fleet: insomuch that they freelv as( ribed all the
honour of their victory vnto (iod, who had confounded the enemy, and had brought his
coun.sels to none effect.

The same day the Spanish ships were so battered with English shot, that that very night
and the day following, two or three of them snncke right downc: and among; the rest a cer-
taine great ship of Hiscay, which Capiaine Crosse as.saulted, which perished cuen in the lime
of the conflict, so that very few therein escaped drowning ; who rcjiorled ih.ii the gouernours
of the same shippc slew one another vpon the occasion following : one of them which would
haue yeelded the shippe was suddenly slaine; the brother of the slainc party in reuenge of
his death slew the muriherer, and in the nieaiie while the shi|) suncke.

The same night two Portugall galeons of the burthen of seiien or eight hundreth tonnes
a piece, to wit the Saint I'hilip and the Saint Matthew, were forsaken I'f the Spanish Fleet,
for they were so torne with shotle, that the water entered into them on all sides. In the
galeon of Saint Philip was Francis de Toledo, brother \nio the Count de Orgas, being
Coloncll oucr two and thirty bands: besides other gentlemen; who seeing their mast broken
with shoite, they shaped their course, .as well as they could, for the coast <if Flanders: whi-
ther when they could not atlaine, the principall men in the ship committing fhemselues to
their skilllp, arriued at the nevt towne, which wasOs»end; and the ship it selfe beini- left
behinde with the residue of (heir companv, was i.ikcn bv the Vlishinjiers.

In the other galeon, called the S, Matthew, was embarked Don Diego Pimentelli another
camp-masicr and coloncll of .'{y ban<ls, being brother \nto the m:irqucs of Tamnarcs, with
many other genilemen and cijitaiMes. Their ship was not vcrv ;;reat, but exceeding strong,
for of a great number of Inillcls which had batterd her, there were scarse'iO wherewith she
was jiicrced or hurl : her vp|)er worke w.is of force suflirient to bcare nH'a musket shot: iliis
shij)pc w:is shot thorow and |)icrced in the fight before Greueling ; insoiinich th:il the lc.ik:ige
111' the water could not be slopped : whereupon the diikcof ^fedina sent his great skille vnto
the gouernour thereof, that he might sane himsclfe and the prinrip:il pei-soiis that were in his
ship: which he, vpon a haul! courage, reliwed to do: wherefore the Duke chiu'ged him to
s:\ile next vnto hinisell'c: which the night I'ollowing he could not performc, by reason of the
great abundance of water which entered his ship on all sides; for the aiioiding wlieror, :iiiil
to sane his s'.ijp from sinckinj:. he cau«ed ,')0 men Cdntiinially to laborat the pninpe, ihoui^li
it were lo small purpose. And spejng IiiniscH'e thus forsaken tSj separated from his admirall,
he endeiiored what he ((Mild to atlaine \nto ihc coast of 'landers: where, being es[iic(l by ^
i>r .") men of warre, wiiich had their station assigned lliem \ pon the sinne coast, he was adnio-
■li-hed to yecld hinisclfc vnto them. Which lie rcl'usiii'j: t" do, was stron-jly ;i--^;uilted by

iIk'IU

Hi*

Tlu Spatiish .4rma(la. TRAFFIQUKS. AND DISCOUERIES. 15

tlicm nitogcllipr, and liis ^W\\i being pierced with many bulielM, was brought into farre worse
ease then Ijefore, and 40 ol" his souldicr* were slaine. By which extremity he was enforced at
length to yecid himsclfc vnto I'cter BanderduesH & other captaincs, which brought him and
his ship into Zcland ; and that other ship also last before mentioned : which both of them, im-
nicdiatly after the greater and belter part of their goods were vnladcn, suncke right downe.

Tor the memory Hf tliis exploit, the foresayd captaine Banderducss caused the banner of
one of these shipjjcs to be set vp in the great Church of Leiden in Holland, whiih is of so
great a length, that being fastened to the very roofc, it reached downe to tiic ground.

About the >ame time another small ship being by necessity driucn vpon the coast of Flan-
dcpi, about Blankcnberg, was cast away vpon fhesamis, the people therein being saucd. Thus a maiiihipit
almighty God would haue the Spaniards huge ships to be jjresentcd, not onely to the view of uuVklXri^"'
the Engli-ih, but aNo of the /elanders ; that at the sight of ihcm they might acknowledge of
what small ability they had beene to resist such impregnable forces, had not God endued
them with courage, piouidcnce, and fortitude, yea, and fought for them in many places with
his owne arme.

The '2\) of luly ilic Spanish fleet being encountered by the English (as isaforesayd) and
lyini; clo>e togetluT vniler their figh'ing sailes, with a Southwest winde sailed past Dunkcrk, Thediihomu.
the English ships stil following the ch.se. Of whom the day following when the Spaniards , "I" 5pj',sh'
had g.it sea roome, ihev cut their niainc sailes; whereby they suflicienlly declared that they "'"»' ""•'•"
meant no longer to light but U> (lie. For which cause the I,. Admirallof England dispatched JI'ln'/i.^AJV
the I,. Ilenrie Seynier with his scpiadron of small ships vnto the coast of Flanders, where, """"•
with 111- lielpe of the Duirli ships, he miglil stop the prince of Farma his passage, if perhaps
he should attempt to is>ue forth with his army. And he himselfe in the meanesp.icc pur>ucd
the Spanish fleet vntill the second of August, bec.iusehe thought they had set saile for Scot-
laiul. .\n(l iilheii he followed them very ncere, yet did he not as.saull them any more, for
want iif powder aiul bullets. Hut vpon the fourth of August, the winde arising, when as the
S|)aniards h.id spread all their sailes, betaking iheinselues wholly to (light, and leauing Scot-
land on the left lianil, innded toward Norway, (whereby they sulTiciently declared that their
whole intent was to s.nie themselues by (light, attempting for that purpose, with their bat-
ter('<l and cra/.ed shi|)s, ilic most dangerous nauigation of the Norlhren seas) the English
seeing that they were iv w pro<'ecded vnto the latitude of 57 degrees, and being vnwilling to
parti(ipate that danger whcreinto the Spaniards plunged themselues, and because they wanted
things neressarv, and especially powder A shot, returned backe for England ; leauing behinde
them ccrtaine pinasses onely, which they enioyned to follow the Spaniards aloofe, and toThf Eii,ii.ii
obserue their course. Ami so it came to passe that the fourth of August, with great danger J|"^"J„''"™
and industry, the I^nglish arriiied at Harwich : fcr they had bene tos.sed vp and downe with a mrot >•■ spi.
mighty tempest for the space of two or three dayes together, which it is likely did great hurt ^j'"^'',^'^,''
vnto the Spanish (ieet, being (as I sayd before) so maimed and battered. The English ni w
going on shore prouided themselues foorthwith of victuals, gunne-powder, and other things
expedient, that thev might !)»• re>-»dy at alla.ssayes to cntertainc the Spanish (Icet, if it chan-
ced any more to reliirne. Hut being afterward more certainely informed of the Spaniards
course, they thought it best lo leaue them vnto those boisterous and vncouth Northren seas,
anti not thereto hunt alter them.

The Spaniards seeing now th;it they wanted foure or fine thousand of their people aiul hau-
ing (liners maimed and sicke peisuns, and likewise hailing lost 10 or I'i of their principall
ships, they consulted among themselues, what they were best to doe, being now escaped oiu
cf the hands of the Enu;lisli, because tiieir \ictuals failed them in like sort, and they began n, i(.„iiji.-.
also to want cables, cordage, ankers, masts, sailes, and other naual furniture, and vttcrly '''•■'*- 1™|'|,|'""''
paired of the Duke of Farina his assistance (who verily hoping and vndoubledly expecting .Siv;iai.,rji.a
the retiirne of tlie Si)anish Fleet, was continually occupied about his great preparation, eom-]"''_J^':;"^;''-
inaiuling abundance of ankers to be made, &: other neces.sary furniture for a Naiiy to be pro-
iiiiled) they thought it giuid at length, so soone .is the winde should seruc them, to fetch a
compasse about Scotland and Ireland, and so to rcturne for Spainc.

For

vv^l

il.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATI0N8,

The Spanhh Armada.

iiprf.

S^urtijrdfs vpon

For they well vntlcwtood, that mmmanclcmcnt was giucn thorowout all Scotland, that they
ihould not haiic any succour or assistance there. Neither yet could they in Norway supply
their wants. Wherefore, hauing taken certainc Scotish and other (ishcrboats, they' brought
the men on boord their owne ships, to the end they might be their fjuides and Pilots. Fear-
in;! "''*" '•^•'"'t 'heir fresh water should failc them, they cast all their horses and mules ouer-
boord : and so touching no where vpon the coast of Scotland, but being carried with a fresh
gale betweenc the Orcadesand Faar-Isies, they proceeded farrc North, euen vntoGI degrees
of latitude, being distant from any land at the least 40 leagues. Ilcere the Duke of Medina
generail of the Fleet commanded all his followers to shape their course for Biscay : ami he
himselfe with twcniv or fine and twentv *lf his ships which were best prouidcd of iresh water
and other necessaries, holdini; on his course oner the maine Ocean, returned safely home.
The residue of his ships being about forty in number, and committed vnto his Vice-ndmirall,
fell neerec with the coast of Ireland, intending their course for l'a|)e Clare, because they
hoped there to get freshwater, and to refresh ihcmselues on land. Hut after they were driuen
with many contrary windes, at length, v|)on the seroiul of September, they were cast bv a
am/id"c!'JJon tempest arising from the Southwest vpon diners parts of Ireland, where many of their ships
tJif inih cMii. j)erlshed. And amongst others, the shippe of .Michael de Oquendo, which was one of the
great Gall iasscs; and two great ships of Venice also, namely, la Hatta and Bcl.ui/.ara, with
other ,^6 or HH ship* more, which perished in sin)dry tempests, together with most of the per-
sons contained in them.

Likewise some of the Spanish ship'i were the second time carried with,- •trong West winde
into the chanell of England, whereof some were taken by the Fnj;lisli vpni, iheir (oast, and
others by the men of Kochcl vpon the coast of France.

Moreouer, there arrined at Newhauen in Normandy, being by tempest inrcirced so to iloo,
one of the fourc great Cialliasses, where thev foiuid the ships with the S|)anish womei) which
followed the Fleet at their setting forth. Two ships also were cast away vpon the loast of
Norway, one of them being of a great burthen ; howbeit all the persons in the savd great ship
were saued : insomuch that of i;{4 ships, whicli set sailc out of IVirlugall, there returned home
5.'} onely small and great : namely of the fi)ure galliasses but one, and but one of the fonrc
g.iliieu. Of the '.M great galleons and hulks there were missing ;»S. and.'{.'i returned : of the
|)at3ches and zabraes 17 were missing, and 18 returne , home. In briefe, there were missing
81 ships, in which number were galliasses, gallies, gait i .s, and other vessels both great and
.small. And amongst the .").'{ ships remaining, those also are reckoned wiiich returned home
before they came into the Fnglish chanell. Two galeons of those whi( li were returned, were
liy niisfortunc burnt as thev rode in the haueii ; and such like mishaps did mauv others vn-
dergo. Of ^00(K) persons which went ill this expedition, tliere peri>hed ^.i. cording to the
number and proportion of the ships) the greater and better part ; and nianv of them which
came home, by reason of the toilesand inconueniences which thev sustained in this voyage,
(lied not long alter their arriuall. The Duke of Medina inimcdiailv \pon his returne was de-
posed from his authority, commanded to his priuate house, and forbidden to repaire vntu the
I'ourt ; where he could hardly satisfieor vceld a reason vnto his malicious enemies and bai k-
biters. Many honourable personages and men of great renownie deceased soone after iheir
I'clurne ; as namely lohn Nlartines de Uicalde, with diners otlicrs. .\ gre.it part also of the
Spanish Nobility and (icntrv emploTcd in this expedition perished ciiher l)\ (iuht, diseases,
ir drowning, befdpe their arriual ; & among.ihe rest Thomas Ferenoi iirCirandueli a DutchmaUj
'■einn carle of ("antebroi. and sonne vnto Cardinall (iranduell his brotlier.

Vpnn the coast of Zeland Don Diego de Fimentell, brother vnto the .Mar(|ues dcTamnares,'
ind kinsenian \nto the carle of Beneuentuni & Calua, and ("olonell ouer J'i bands with many
other in the ••anie ship was taken and detained as prisoner in Zeland.

Into F.ngland (as we sayd before) Don Pedro de \'aldez, a man of singular experience,
.Hid greatly honoured in his countrev, was led captiiie, being accompanied with Don \'as-
i[\w/, de Silua, Don Alonz.o de Sayas, and others.

Likewise vpon the Scottish Westcrnc Isles of Lewis, and liaj and about Cape Catityre v])-

f)l H4 iliip!
-it tile Sjutiuh
f!-rr, their t.--
nirrod hjiiie
kjt.!.!.

-.#

The SiuviiHh ylrmada. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

(Ml llio maiiic laiiil, there were cast away certainc Spanish shippes, out df which were saue
diiurs Ciplaines anil (icntlcnicn, and ahiinot fourc hundred souldiers, wlm lor the most part
;iricr tlicir sliipwnu Ice, were brouj-ht vnto Kdcnborough in Scotland, and being niisierabl;
needy and nailed, were there t lothed at the liberality of the Kinj; and the Marchants, and
afterward were secretly shipped for Spaine; but the Scotish lleet wherein thev pasMcd touch-
inj; at Yarmouth on the coast of Norfoike, were there stayed for a time vntill the ('ouncel>t
ple.iHure was knowen; who in regard of their manifolde miseries, though they were enemies,
uincked at their passage.

Vpon the Irish coast many of their Nol)lenien and Gentlemen were drowned; and diuers
>Iaine by the l)arl)arous and wilde Irish, llowbeit there was brought prisoner out ol Ireland,
Don Alon/.o de lan'on, C'olonell of two and thirty l)andes, commonly called a tcr/.a of Na-
jiles; together with Uodorigo de Lasso, and two others of the family of C^>rdoua, who were
I'oniinilled vnto the cnstodie of Sir lJor:itio I'aiauicini, that Monsieur de Teligny the sonne
III' .Monsieur ile la Noiie (who being taken in fight neerc Antwerpe, was detained prisoner
III the Castle (d'Tiirnev) migh be raunsonied for them by way of exchange. To conclude,
iluTe uas no famous nor woorlhy family in all Spaine, which in this e.xpedition lost not a
S(>nn( , a brother, or a kinscman.

For the per|)eliiall n)emorie of this matter, the Zelanders caused newe coinc of Siluer and
bras,se to be stamped: wliiili on the one side contained the arines of Zeland, with this in-
■^criplion: (il.OHY TO (iOI) ONKI.Y: and on the other .side, the pictures of certeinc
.;real sliijjs, with these words: TIIF. SPANISH FLEKT: and in the cirnnnference about
tlie ships: IT CAM!., WKNT, AND WAS. Anno I.JSS. That is to say, the Spanish lleet
lamc, went, and was \ani|uishcd this yere; for which, glory be giuen to CJod onely.

Likewise they coined :Miother kinde of money; vpon the one side whereof was repre-
senleil a ship fleeini;. and a ship sin(king: on the other side foure men making prayers and
giuing thanks vnto (iod vpon their knees; with this sentence: Man piirposeth; God dis-
poseth IJSH. Also, for the lasting memory of the same matter, they haue stamped in Hol-
land diners such like coines, according to the custome of the ancient Romans.

While this woiiiderfull and puissant Nauie was sayling along the Knglisli coastes, and all
nu n did now plainely see and heare that whi<h before they would not be perswaded of, all
people ihorowout Kiigland prostrated fhemselues with humble pniyers aiul supplications
vnto (Jod: but especiallv the outlandish Churches ( who had greatest cause to feare, and
aijaiiist whom bv name, the Spaniards had threatened most grienous torments) enioyned to
their peuple continiKill lasiiitgs and supplications, that they might turiie awav (iods wrath
aiul I'tirv now imminent v|)on ihein lor their sinnes: knowing right well, that praver was
the oiielv rel'ut;e ;iL;;iiiisl all i'lienties. calamities, and necessities, and that it was the onely
s'llai e ami reliele tor maiikiiule, being visited with allliction and misery. Likewise .such
soleiiine davcs ot -.iipijlicilidii «ere obscrued thorowout the vnilcd I'rouinces

.\Uo a while alter the Sp:iiiisli Fleet was departed, there was in ICngland, l)v the com-
iiintulimeni of her M.iicsiic, :iii(l in the Mii.ed I'rouinces, by the direction of the States, a
~'ilemiu' festiiiall day piiblikeK appointed, wherein all j)ersoiis were eninvned to resort vnto
the Cliiirch, and there in render thanks and praises vnto God: and the I'reachers were com-
iiatidi'd to ( \horl the people tlureunto. The foresavd solemnity was ob«erued vpon the 'i'.)
of Nniieniber; which day was>Nh(dly spent in fasting, prayer, ai;d giuing of thanks.

Likewise, ihe(iiiecnes Maicsiie herselfe, imitating the ancient Homaiis, rode into London
in ir'iiiiiph, in reL':iril ol her owne and her suliiects glorious deliuerance. F'or being at-
icndeil vpiiM \ery solemnely by all the principall estates and ojlicers of her Healine, she was
( ariii'd ilmrow her savd City of London in a tryumphant chariot, and in robes of triumph,
IVom her Palace vnto the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul, out of the which the ensignes
.\m\ colours (if the \:m(iuished Spaniards hung displayed. And all the Citizens of London in
I'leir Liueries siiunl on either side the street, by their seuerall Companies, with their en-
siunes and banners: and the sirects were hanged on both side« with IMcw cloth, which, fo-

\"i. 11. D scther

it«m|<ril fur rlif
memory of ihp
SpanurJi uuer-
ttuow.

The pfople of
Engbnil and of
tlif vnitcil |>ro-
uiticri. pray,
f.ist, jiitj giue

th4tiki VI)t<J

J J

vovAOF.s, nauk;ation.s,

The Simuiiih Arviada.

Jfotlifr with the lorcnayd banncf*, yceldrd a vrr\ xintrly nnd Rallani |ir(>M|»o( t. Hit \fa-
cxlif bcinj; entered into the Chun h, ttii;<"thir with her C'lcrnic and Nolilo* Raiir thanks
vnto Gild, and lansed a puhliki- Sermon to be preurhed belnre her at I'anU
rroMse; wherein none other ur^^innent was handle<l, but that iiraine, honour, and k'"**)^
mijjhl be rendered vnto CJotI, and thai (iods name nii^ht be eMolled l)y thankM^iuin);. And
with her owne princely voice she most Chrintianly exhorted the people to doe the ^<ame:
whereupon the |)eople with a loud arclamation wished her a mosl lonf{ and happy life, to the
confusion of her foes.

Thus the mai;nific'enl, huge, and mighty (lect of the Spaniards (which themschio* lerm«'il
in all plares inuincible) siuh as sayled not vpon the Ocean se.i many huiulrrth yeeres be-
fore, in the yeere l.")88 vanished into smoake ; to the great confusion and discouragement of
the authoun) thereof In regard of which her Maiesties happy unccesse all her neighbours
and friends congratulated \%ith her, and many verses were penned to the honour of her Ma-
icdty by learned men, whereof some which came to our hands we will here annexe.

AD SERENISSIMAM ELIZABKTHAM ANGLI/E RtlGINAM

rilUODOU. liEZA.

STrauerat innumeris Ilispanus nauibiis .rquor,

Regnis iunclunis sceptra llritanna snis.
Tanii huiiis, rogitas, (pi.t' nmlus causal superbcs

Inipiilit Ambilio, vexit Auarilia.
()U'im bene Ic ambitio mersit \anissima \entus?

I'.t tnmidos lumid.r vos superastis aqua?!
Quam bene totius raptures orbis auaros,

Ilausii inexhausli insia vorago maris!
At tu, cui venti, ciii totuin militat .Y(|uor,

hegina, A mundi totius vna, deius.
Sic regnare Deo perge, amlilioiie remnta,

I'rodiga sic opibus perge iuuare pios,
Vt tc Angli longiim, ionguin Anglis ipsa fruaris,

Quam dilecia l)onis, tam meluenda malis.

The same in Knglish.

THe Spanish Meet did flote in narrow Seas,
And bend her shi|)s .'igai'i-t iln' l".nglish shore,
Willi so great rage as nothing couKI appease,
And with sui h strength as m'licr scene before*
And all to ioyne the kiiigdome of that land
Vnto the kingdomes that he had in hand.

Now if vou aske what set this kin'4 on fire,

To practise warre when he of peace did treat,

It was his I'ridc, and neuer (|ucncht desire.

To spoilc thai Islands wcaltli, by peace made great:

His I'ride whii li farrc ahoue the heaueiis did swell,

And his desire as viisullit'd as hell.

hut

Armada.

Ilcr Ma-
ir lhniik>4
at I'niiU
ml jjlory
iDK. And
111" ^.iiiK';
fr, eii the

oi irrmi'il
eerv* \h'-
;cmcnt <>('
rintilioiirt
I licr Ma-

Hitt

nc k^nor. vonagt to Cadiz. TnAFFiaUIvS, AND DlSCOUr.nir.S.

nm well liaiic win(lr<t hin proud MaMo nurrl)lo»vcii,
And -wc'llin),' uaui>« alayd hix Hwcllinn lirart,
W ill liaih ilu- Sia with fjrrrdic hhII'h viikiiowcn,
DciiDiirc'd ih«' driKuiriT to hit ^marl :

And mad«* hit •*\»\t* a pray vnto the «and,
Ihal iiiraiii to pray \p<)n annthor) laud.

And now, () (liircnr, abonc all others Wrxt,
For whom l)oih winder and want."* are prrst to figlit,
So rule your owne, xo snicour rrieiitU ippprcut,
(As Ciirre Crom pride, as ready to do ri^nl)

That Kn^rland vou, }ou Fn;;land Ioiik etiioy,
No leNse yiiiir IrieiuU dcliKhl, then Iucn annoy.

A brif re and true report of the llonnrable voyage vnto Cadiz, I jJMi, of the oucr-
throw of the kinn-* Fleet, and of the winning, sacking, and burning ol the Cilie,
with all other arcidenis of monienl, thereunto ap|)erlaining.

AFlcr that the two nioNt Noble and Henownied I.ordi (JeneraU : The L. itobvrt Faric of
r.>«ex, and ilic I,. Charli'N llnwaril I,. Ilijjh Adniirall of ICii^lund, were eonic vnto I'lvminouth
(whi( h wa^ al)i<nt ihe li('>;iniiinK ol' May la-tl, iJ'Jil. ) being there aeeonipanieil with diucp*
ofher noble I't'ere', a-i liie llarle tif Sussex, the L. Thomas Howard, the L llarbert, the L.
W.inlen Sir Walter l{.iliij.^h ; llie I„ Marshall Sir Francis Vere ; the L. Burk, Don Christopher
> outV!4 Prime of I'lTlinuall, yo'uig Count l.odouiek of Nassaw, and the Adniirall oi the
iloll.uulers. Sir lohn N'anderfoord : besides many other most worthy Knights and Gen-
tlemen of great woorth attending vpon this niosi honorable Action: It |ilea.sed them, there
III make their abode lor the lime of that irioneth, uswcil lor the new furnishing and
icuit Mialing of her Maitsiie- Moyall Nauie : as also for the expecting of some other ships,
\\hi(h were to iimie from dineis |)lares of the Healme, and were a» vet wanting: making
lli.it place a^ it should >( emi' the Kendeiioiis for all the whole Flecte, there to complete the
full innnber of nl sU( h companies both for sea and land: as was in their nuble and dvcpe
wisciloines thought mecle and agreed \pon.

.Ml the time of this their :ib(Hle there, there was a most /.calous and diligent care had for
ihe hoi) scruiie of(i(i(l, ihiyly and niierenlly to be freipiented : and .ilso for other good and
( iuill Older- of inililarie disiipline to lie obserued, to the exi'ccdiug great comfort and re-
ioyciiig iif all the he:irls ot the •j,iM\ and well disposed.

And for iliat it mi;;lit ilic beiier appeare, that there was small hope of pardon to be ex-
|)eried ol' ilie ollemlers, if ilu y did at any time neglect their duties, about due obseruation
of mailers 111' importance : Their orders, lawes, and decrees being tince published: about
the S. or !). of the s.ime nioiieih, there were two otlenders executed a liltle without the towne,
in a \ery fayre pleasani Kreeiie, called ihe Ho: ihe one for beginning of a muteny in his
< (iinpany, the other for running :iw.iv from his Colours.

And alxuit the s.inic tinu- in liie Diiuh Hegiment, an other for murihering of one of his
eompaiiions, abmil a (piarrell betweene themselues, n«ing as it was siijiposed, vpon their
(liiiike, was b\ order of Marliall law, j)rcsently tyedto the part ic so murthcred, and foorth-
witli bi til of liieiii so ( as| into the sea

Moreouer, abaiit ihe 'iS ol' the same monetb, a cerlainc Lieutenant (whose name I will
foilie:ire ; was liv sound of Druinme jjublikely in all the streetcs disgraced, or rather after a
sort disu'raded, and cashicrd for bearing any farther Odice at that time, for the taking of
money b\ w:iy ol Kirruplion, of ccrlaine ])rest souldiers in the Countrey, and for placing of
others ill their rooines, more Milit for seruice, and of lesso sullkiency and abilitie. This
.St iiere e\ecutiiii; of iustice at the vcrv lirst did breed such a deepc terror in the hearts of the

D 2 whole

■A

H f

20 VOYAGES. NAUICf ATIONS, The honor, vntjaf^e tu Cadiz.

while arniic, that it seemed to cut oil' all occasion of the like disorder for euer afterwards to
be attempted.

And here before tlieir departure fro Plymmoiilh, it pleased their Lordships to publish in
print, and make knowen to ail the world, especially to snih as whom it concerned, and that
both in the Latine, French, Dutch, English and Spanish tonjjue, what were the true, insi
and vrgent causes, that at this lime prouoked her Maiestie, to vndertake the preparin.y; and
setting forth of this so great a Nauie, annexing thereunto a full declaration, what was their
good will and pleasure should be done and performed of ;i!l them that mem xma to incurre
their owne priuate present ilaungers, or eKr were willing to aunydc her Maiestics future in-
dignation and displeasure

Likewise now, at the same instant, their owne mcst prouident and godly dccree-i, which
they had deuiscd for the honest cariage of euery particular person in their degrees and voca-
tion, were made knowen to all men, and published in sundry writings, with diners great |)u-
nishments, set downe and ap])(iintcd for the wilfull oU'endcrs and breakers of \\\c same.

Tims then, all tilings being in \erv good order luul well appointed, the most holv name
of our Omnipotent (iod being most religiously and deuoully called vpon, and his blessed and
sacred Communion being diners times most reuerently and publikelv (elebraied: 'I'Iunc t\Mi
mcsl noble personages, with ail their honorable Associals, and most famous worthy Kniglits,
CJentlemen, C'aptaines, Leaileis, and \er\ willing and expert Souldiers, and Mariners, !)eing
furnished with !.")(). good sa\leof shipjie^ or thereabout: In the name of the nuv-t High iV
eucrliuing Ciod, and with all true and faithfid obedience, to her sa( red Maicstv, to the infi-
nite good and tranquillitie of our Cdimtrey, and to the perpeluall g!<ir\ . and triumphant
renowme of the eternall memory of iheir honorable names to all ])osteritv. the first ilav ol
lune embarked themselucs, weighed Ancre, and hoysed\p sa\le, and put to sea onward
their iournev from the Sownds of l'i\ mmouth.

The winde, ai the first setting fnorlh, ^eemed very fanninable : bnl vet in the cueniiii:
growing very scant, and all that niudii falling :>iore and more against vs, and we hauing say led
no further then to a eerlaine place called Do<linan Head : we were constrained the next dav ,
to make our returne to the read of I'lymmouih againe, and there in the Sownds to lie ;it
ancre for that night.

About this time, and in this very |)lace, by good forliine there came to mv handes a praver
in English, touching this pre>enl A« lion, and made by her .NLiiestie, as it was vovced : I'lie
j)raver seemed to me to be most e\rellent, a>well for the mailer, as also for the manner, ami
therefore for eerlaine diners good moliues which tiien prtsently (aine to tnv minde, and
whereof hereafter in his more conuenient lime and place, I will make farther mention, I
presumed at that very instant lo translate it into Laline.

The Prayer ii thus.

MOst OmniiJotcnt maker and guide of all our worlds masse, that onely scarchest and n»-
domest the bottome of all our hearts conceits, and in tiiem seest the true originals of all our
actions intended : thou that bv lliv foresight doest trnelv disccrne, how no malice ol reiienge,
nor quittance of iniurv, lu'r desire of bloodshed, nor greedinesse of lucre hath bred the re-
solution of onr now set out Arniv, but a heedfull care, & wary walch, that no neglect of
foes, nor ouer-suretie of hanne might breed either daunger to vs, or glory to them : these
being the groimds wherewith thou doest enspire the mii\d, we hmnhly beseech thee with
bended knees, pros])er the worke, and with best forewindes guide the ionrney, speed the
victory, and make the returne the aduaneement of liiv glory, the trynmph of their fame,
and >iiretv to the liealme, with the least losse of the English blood. To these deiiout peti-
tions Lord giue thou thy blessed grant

Mv homelv translation is thus.

SVmm^ prxpntens Dens, immen^np huius toliiis nosiri mundi molis fabricator A Hector,
(jui solus perscrularis intintus cordis nostri scnsus, iS: ad liinduin vsej; nuslrarum cogilationinn

explorando

■rci

1^.

.,*

fo Cadiz.
f.vards lo

)iiblish ill
and that
riio, iiml
;irii)<r and
wan tlu'ir
I) iiiciirro
I'litiirL' iii-

•<, whicli
ml vora-
Urc.it pii-
mc.

ilv iKimc
•>cil am)

CsC t\M(

> Ki)ii;Iit-c,

ItT-i, l)C'iM';

-t Ili^^Ii &
o the iiili-
riiiiiiphant
ir^t day <>[
ca oinvard

The hvwr. vo,jnc:r tn Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

ixploraiulo penclras, ar in cis, quid vcrt>, & ex animo cogitcmiis, & qua* sint actionuin
lUKtrariim rationt-s, ac ruiidanirnta, cogiiosris : Tii, qui ca, qua; in te est, -"b oinni aternitate
pw'cicntia, vides, quod iicc aliqua vlrisccndi nialiliosa cupidita-t, nee iniuriarum rcfcren-
daruni dcsidcriuin, ni-c sansn'i'i'* cdiindcudi s-itis, nee a'icuius lucri, qumstuMie auiditas ad
i-lani ilasscm pr.cparaiulaui, & cmitfendam new commoiierit : sed potius, quod prouida
qii.i'datn r ura, suhVsquc vijjilanlia hue nos impulcrit : ne vcl inimicorum no^troriun neg-
Icilus, vol status \w<:'. (irinitatis nimiiun sci'ura cogitatio, auf illis gloriam & honorcm, aut
iiol is damnu iSc ])rri(ulum pariat • Cum, inquani, hn=c sint nostri, quicquid attenfatur, nc-
j;<ilii fundaniPtita: cuinquo tii hunc nobis aiiinuun, incnt<;mq; iniereris, vt istud aggrede-
rtinur; (unialis gcnit)us a to huiuiliiint'' pelinnis, vt veils hor nostrum incocptuin secun-
dissitn^ fciiunnre, Iciluni iter prosperrimis llatibus dirigere, eelcrcni & cxpeditfi victoriain
iinjjis conecdere, rediiumq; talcin nostris miiifibus clargiri, qu.dis & uomini tuo incrcmentum
gl'.ria', & illis Cun.e, laudisqiic triumphum, & Regno nostro firmain tranquillitatem po-isit
appdilnre: idque cum miniino Angloruin sanguinis dispendio. His ncstris rcIigio.si>> petitio-
nibus (■<in(cde, l)(imine, sacrosanctam & annucntem voluntatem tuain.

After tliat we had anrluired at I'lymmouth that night, as I haue said, the third of lune
vcrv early in the niDrning, hauing a reasdnabic fresh gale of winde, we set saylc, and kept
cur eourse agaiiie, and the ninth nf ihe same moncth coniming something ncere to the North
cape, in a uianer in the same altitude, or not murh dilfering, which was about xliii. degrees,
and ■'ir'.uclhinij mure, yet bearing so, as it was impossible to bee descried from the land :
There it pleased tlic fords to call a select Councell, which was alwayes done by hanging out
of a lln;;'j;e of the .irines of l^ngiand, and shooting off of a great warnin',; ])ccce. Of this se-
lect or priuie I'ouucell were no moc then these : The two Lords CJenerali, the Lord Thomas
Ilow.ird, the Lorde Warden Sir Walter Raleigh the Lord Martiall Sir Francis Vcre, Sir
(;ccr:;e Carv master of the Ordinance, Sir Conier'^ Clifford, and Sir Anthony Ashlev, Clarke
of the savde Councell. .And when it pleased the Lords (Jenerall to call a common Coinisell
(as often times thev did vpon weightie matters best knowen to their honours) then they
would cause an other kinde of 'l.iggc to be hanged out, which was the Redcrosse of S. (Jeorge,
and was vcrv easie to be discerned from the other that appertained onelv to the select Coini-
sell, and »o often as this (lagge of Saint (ieorge was hanged out, then came all the .Masters
.uul Capiain-.'s of all the ships, whose opinions were to be demaunded, in such matters as
api)crlavncd \nfo this savd select Counsell : it was presently concluded, that our course in
sayiing should foortliwiih l)e altered, and that we should beare more into the West, for some
purpose •() thcni best knowen.

.\l that \ery instant manv letters of instructions were .addressed and sent to eiierv particu-
lar M.ister and Capiiine of the Ships: What the eonteutes of those letters of instnu'tions
were it was luit a; \t I knowne vnio anv, neither was it ludd meet to be encjuired or knowen
of anv of \-i. Hut vnder the titles an<l superscriptions of euerv mans particuler letter these

w<irdes were eiuiorsed. Open not these letters on pain of your lines, vnles we chance to be
scattered by tempest, and in that case open them, and execute the contents thereof: but if
by mishaj) you fill into your enemies h.Tnd, then in anv cise <'a^t them into the sea, scaled
.IS ihe\ are. It should seeme that these letters did contcine in them the principall place and
meaning i^f this entended action, which was hitherto bv their dee|)e foresights kept so secret,
as lu) man to my knowledge either did, or coulde so much as suspect it, more then them-
I'lues, who bad the onelv m:uiaguig thereof A con<cite i

n mv uulgemen

t of

greatest

moment in the world, to eflcct any matter of importance. ! me,uie, to enlertaine those two

m :

so iMiicn com

\erlucs, I'idem, iV- 'faciturnitafe

was euer :iny i;rea

( lo-ely carici

ou<'ly : yet for such faithfiill secrecie, itdeseruelh

mended bv the old writers, .And if there

t designeinent, in this (un- age, and memorie, discreetly, faithfully, and
1, I assure my scH'e it was this, aiul though it were but in respect to thatpoyiit

numortal

pra

All this while, our shi|)s, fiod be thanked, kept in a most excellent good order, being
deuided into line squadrons : that is to sav, The Farle of Essex, the Lord Admiral!, the I.onI

fhomas

>3i:1

'••41

•>•>

If'?

VOYAGl'S, NAUKJATIONS, The honor, voijage to CudU

Thomas Howard, the Lord Warden Sir Walter l{alci^;h, ami the Adiiiirall of the Ilollaiulcrs.
All wivirh s<]iiadrons, albeit they did eiiery day separate themselucs of purpose, bv the dis-
tance of eertaine leagues, as well to looke out for such shippes as were happily vnder sayle,
as also fir the belter ])nicuriiij;' of sca-roome : yet alwayes eonnnoiiK eyther tlutt dav, or the
next (lay, towardc eucninii, they came all together, with friendly salutations and <.'ratula-
lioiis one to an other: which thev terine by the name of llavlinj;: a eeremonie done so-
lemnly, and in verie good order, with sound of Trumpets and novse of cheerefull \nvees:
and in such sort performed as was no small encouragement oue to the other, beside a trm;
rcjjort of all such accidents, as had happened in their squadrons.

Hitherto, as I sayde, our iourney was most prosperous, and all oui shippes in verv good
plight, more then that the Mary Rose, by some mischance, either sprang or spent her fore-
\arde, and two daves after Sir Robert Crosse had in a manner the like mischance.

Nowe being thus betweene the North cape, and cape S. Vincent, and yet keeping such a
course a lool'e, that by no meancs, those from the shoarc might be able to descrie vs : The
tenth of lune, a French Harke, and a Tleming comming from the coast of Barbaric were
brought in bv some of our companie: but they were both of them very honourably and well
vsed bv the Lords Generall : and so after a fewc daycs tarrying, were peaceably sent away,
after that they hod conferred with them about such matters, as was thought good in their
lionorable wisedomes.

The twelfth of the same moneth. Sir Richard Leuison Knight, assisted with Sir Christoplier
Hlunt, fought with three Hamburgers, and in that light slewe two of them, and hurt eleuen,
;md in the ende brought them all three in: and this was the very lii-st hanscll and mavdenhead
(as it were) of any matter ol importance, or e\])lovt worthy obseruation that was done in
the way outward of thi.s honorable vovage, and was>o well perfnurmed of tliose mo-^t w(.rihv
Gentlemen, as euery man highly commended them for their great valure, anil discretion, and
no lesse rcioyced at this their fortunate successe.

The next day after. Sir Rii hard Weston meeting with a riemming, who refused to vale
his foretoppe, with the like good courage and resolution, aiteini)ted to bring him in Tlu'
tight continued very hot betweene iliein, for a good space: in the end tiie Sw.m, wherein
the sayd Sir Richard wa^, had !ier fortbeike sinioken oil': and hauing >penl before in light
the one side of her tire of Ordinance, .vhile she prepared to cast about, and to bestow on
him the other side, in the meane tune the I'leming taking this ojjportunitv, did get almost
halfe a league from him : and so for that lime m.ide his e>cape. And yet the next day after,
tiicsa\d Fleniming being in a nianer got to the very mouth ol the Riuer vp to Lisbone,
was taken, and brought in bv M. l)i)rrell, being Caplaine of the lohn and Francis of London.
Thus by deuiding their s{|\i;ulrons, and spreading the whole sc:i oner a mighty way, there
< (iiilii not so much as the le:isi pinke passe but she \v.xs espied and bnught in.

The 13. 14. and l'.>. daycs, eertaine little stragling Carauels were taken liv ceriai:ir of tlie
Fleete, and in one of them a young begg.irly Fryer vtlerly vnlearned, will) a great p.nrket of
letters for Li-bon : the poore wrehhes were maruellously well vsed bv the Lonis (Jenerall,
and that Caraiiel, and the like still as thev were taken were conimaundcd to giiie their at-
tend.uice, and tlieir Honors did vndcrstand what they might of these poc^re men, of the
est;ite of Spaine for that present.

.\boul iliis lime and in this place it was, that first in all my life time I did see the flying
fishes, who when they are hardly pinched and chased by the H'lnilncs .md other great fishes,
then to auoule the ilaunger, thev presently mount \p, and forsake the water, and betake
theinselues to the bcnelite of their \singes and make their flight, which (ommonly is not
:d)oue Hue or sixe score, or there about, and then they are coiistr.iyned to fall downe into
the water againe, and it is the Mariners opinion that they can fly no longer then their wings
be wet. The fi^ii it selfe is.iboul the bignesse of a Mackrell or a great white Hearing, and
much of that c 'hmr and making, with two large wini;^ shaped of nature very cunningly, and
uith great deliglii i!) behold, in ;ill the world much like to our Gentlewomens dutch Fans,
that are made either of paper, or parchment, or siike, or other stuftV, which V'.ill with eer-
taine

III

^) Cadi^

The honor, voijage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

faiiieplcightM easily riinne aid fold themsclues together. One nf these (lying fi.shes was pre-
snitrd t" niv L Acimir;\ll hy a (i her man, and newly taken in his L. rcturne from Cadiz, and
then I giiod I^'isiireand opportniiilie to view it.

The IH. day early in ihe nuirninK; wee tooke an Irish man, and he came directly from Ca-
di/, ha\iinii beene there hut the day before at twelue of the clocke at high nooiic. This man
beins examined, told tniely that there was now great store of shipping at Cadiz, and with
tliem xviii or xix. nallics in a readinessc, and that among those ships there were diners of
the kin'^s best ; and namely, that the Philip of Spaine was amongst them, but what their in-
tent wa-i, hcc could not tell. Thi-i man was commanded also to giue his attendance.

The '20. of lune being Sunday, we came before Cadiz very early in the morning, and in
all this time as yet, tlie whole Nauy had not lost either by sicknessc or by any other maner
of wives sixc nicn to my knowledge: as for the Dutch company, I am not able precisely to
say wh.it happened tl'.ere, for that they were no part of our charge to be looked vnfo, but
were a regiment entire of thcm-eliies, and by themsclues to be prouided for, either for their
diet, or for the preseriiation of their healths by phisicke.

Thus then 1 say, being all in good jjlight and strong, the 20. of lune wee came to Cadiz,
and liiere very earely in the morning j)resented oursclues befcre the Towne, ryding about a
league or something Icsse, from it The sea at th.it instant went maruelous high, and the
winde was exceeding larjje. Notwithstanding, a Councell being called, our Lonls Generall
foortluvith attempted with all expedition to land some certainc companies of their men at
the West side of the Towne, by certainc h ng lioats, light horsemen, pynnesses and barges
made for the |)urpose, but could not compasse it, and in the attempting thereof, they
chanced to sinke one oi their Marges, with some foure score good souldiers well appointed
in her, and yet bv good luip and gre.it care the men were all saued excepting viii. And
therefore they were coiistiavned to put ofl' their landing till an other more conncnient time,

Tli.it morning \ery timely, there lighted a very fairedoue vpon the mainc yard of the L.
Adniiiais sliip, and there she sate very (piielly for the spare of .'{. or4. houres, being nothing
dismayed all that while, eiicry man gazed and looked much vpon her, and spake their minds
and opinions, vet all conchuling b\ no meanes to disquiet her: I for mv part, tooke it for a
very good omen and bo.ading, as in trueth (God be thanked) there fell out nothing in the
«';ul to the contrary. .And as :it our very first eomming to Cadiz this chanced, so likewise on
the \ery last day of our departing from the same towne, another Done presented her selfe
in the selfe san^- order into the same ship, and presently grew wonderfiill tame and familiar
to vs .ill, and d.d so still keepe vs company, euen till ourarriiiall lure in England,

We no sooner presented our seines, but presently a goodly sort of tall S[anish ships came
out of the mouth of the Hay of Cadi/, the tiallies accomj)anving them in such good order,
and so placed as .ill of them might well succour each other, and thercwithall kept them-elues
very close to their towiie, the castle, and the forts, fir their better guard and defence,
abiding there still, and expecting our fartherdetermination. All that day passed, being very
rough and biivsteroiis, and liile or nothing could be done, more then that about the eiiening
there |)asscd some IViendl\ and kinde salutations sent one from the other in w.irlike mantr, by
discharging certain gr. at peeces, but to mv knowledge no hurt done at all, < r else very lille.

A carelull and diligent wati h was had all that night thoroiighout the whole armie, and on
nionday morning being the 'l\. d.iy, the winde and weather being become moderate and ta-
imurable, betweene tine and si\e of the tlocke in the morning, ourshijis in the name of al-
rnightie (lod. and in defence of the honour of England, without any farther delay, with all
s|)eed, idurage, and alarritie, did set y;)on the Spanish ships, being then vnder sayle, and
making out of the mouth of the l?ay of Cadiz, yp toward I'uenle de Siia^o on Grenada
side, being in number lix. tall ships, with xix. or xx. Gallies attending \i)on them, sorted
in Mich good order, and reasonable distance as thev might still annoy vs, and alwa)es reliene
themsclues interchangeably: hauing likewise the Castle, Eorts, and Towne, continually to
assist them and theirs, ami nlwayes readie to play vpon vs and outs.

In most mens opinions it seemed that the enemy had a wondtrlul aduantagc of vs, al!

ciri umsta:;ces

I'l '

"■f

3* N'OYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, Tin- honor, votjagc to Cailix

cirfiinisinnccs being well weiglu-d, liut cspciiullv the siniiglitnessc of the ])lacc, and the n;i-
liirall inriiie and situation of the I'av it sell'e, beinu; rightly considered. For albeit the very
Hay it sclfe is very large and exceeding bcaiitirull, so that from Cadi/, to Port S. Mary, i*
Home vi. or vii. Knglish miles oner or there aboiits, yet be there nianv rockes, shelues, sar.d-
and shallowe.s in it, so that the \erv ehaneil iV.: place for sea roomc, is nnt aboue 2. or .">.
miles, yea and in some ])Iaees not so inncli, for the shi|)s of any great burthen, to make way in,
but that they must either be set on ground or else constrained to run fowle one on another.
All this notwithstanding, with great and iiniinciblc courage, the Lords generall presently set
vpon them, and sorting out some such conucnieut shijis, as to their honorable wisedomes
seemed fittest for that times seruice, thev were driucn to take some other course then before
had l)cene by them entendcd. Wherefore \ pon a grane consultation had by a select Coun-
w\\, what great dangers might ensue \pon so mightiea disaduantage as ajjpeared in all |)ro-
bability, if it were not by good and sound iudgfuicnt preuented, cV thcrwithall in their sin-
gular wisedomes foreseeing that some great stratageine might be practised by the enemy, either
by Hre-worke, or some other subtill polilike deuise, for the ha/arding of her Maiesties sllip^
of honor in so narrow a place, thus with al exjjedition they concluded that the Viieadmirall,
the I, . Thomas Howard, that most noble I,. Howard (whose exceeding great magnanimity,
courage, &• wisedome, iovncd with such an hon(>rable kind of sweet coiirlesie, boinilie,
and liberalilie, as is not able by me iV my weakenes to be exprcssetl. hath wonne him all
the faithfull loiiing hearts of as manv as euer haue had any niancr of dealing with him) This
L. ThoiTias, 1 say, in y Non I'arcille for that time, &• the l{eare .\dinirall .Sir Walter Kaicigli (a
man of maruellous worth iV regard, for manv his exceeding singular great \crtues, right ft rii-
tude & great resolutenes in allinatlers of importance) in the Warspight a.ssociaied with diners
most famous worthy knights, namely, .Sir I'rancis Vere the 1.. Ntartiall in the I{aiid)ow, Sir
George Gary .M. of the Ordinance, in the Marv rose, Sir Hnbert Southwell in the Lyon, gen-
tlemen for all laudable good vertnes, and for perfect courage iS: disrrelioii in all military ac-
tions, of as great praise iV good <l(sert as any gentlemen of their degree whosoeuer, hailing
with them some of y ships of London and some of liie Dutch sijiiadron of reasonable bur-
then, should leade the dance, & giiie the onset, and that tiie two most noble Lords generall
with some others of their companies, should in their coniienicnt time dv order, second the
niaine baltell. The fight being begunnc and groweii verv hot, the L. (ieiierall the l-^arle of
Rssex, (wiiose infinite princelv verliics, with triuin|)haiit fame deseriie lube immorlali/.ed )
being on Port .S Marv side, \ j)on a sudden \' vnlooked for of others, thrust him^elfe among
the formost into the niaine battcll. I he ofiier most honorable L. (ieiierall (whose singular
vermes in all respe( ts are of such an exccllencie iK: perfection as neither ( .in my praise in aiiv
part increase them, nor aiiv mans ciiuv any whit lilemish or (liminiNh ilie) \ndcrst.indiiig,
the most noble Ivaric to t)e in light among them, \' pcrceiiiing bv the M. of his ship, the
Arke IJovall, that for lacke of water, it was not possible, thai ho might |)iit any neerer, with-
out fartiicr delay, called preset, ily for his Pvnnesse, and in the '•ame P\ unease |)iit hiniselfe,
and his lionor.ible son I.. William Howard thai now is, abooni the Honor do la nier, iS: there
remained in the fight till the battcll was ended. I'lie light was very tirrible, and most hideous
to the beholder bv the (onliiuiall discharging of those roaring ihiiiideriiig gical j)eeces, (ui all
sides, and ^ocdntiiiued doiibllul till about one or two of the ( l.nke in llie ariernooiie : about
which time the Philip, whom in very truth, thev had all most lain ie Mito, begin to yceid and
giiie (iiier, her men that remained aliiie shifting fcir themselues as they were alile, and swimming
and running a >hiiare with all the hast that they could possibly, \ ihercwiihall, at the \ery
same instant themselues fired t'leir ship, and so left her. i"v prescnily thereupon a great Ar-
g(<sie, with an other mighty great ship, fired themselues in y like maner. Immediately lu re-
iipon, the resuiue of the shi|)s, r.in themselues on ground, as Carre from vsas they could, and
iherby purchased their owne safety, or rather breathing space for the time. Of them all two
faire ships only were boorded and taken by our men with most part of their furniture in
them, tlic one called S. .Matthv, a ship by estimaiioii of some xii. hundred tiiiine, and the
other S. Andrew, being a ship of not much lc!-"ier burthen. The Gallics, seeing this suddaine

ureat

ill

ler

fli.

ini

• lu Cad it

ml till' n;i-
it ilif \riy
Mai'v, i^
lues, sar.d-
110 'i. or ;>.
ikc way in,
)ii another.
Tscntly !*<■♦
wisedoiiH'.-f
lien before
leel Conn-
ill all pro-
n ilieir >iii-
eniy, either
esties>.lii|n
leaclniirall,
ii^nniiiiiiily,
e, bdiiiilii',
ne him all
I liim) Tlii^
HaleifilUa
, rii;ht I'lrti-
with iliiier*
ainhow. Sir
I.yoii, >;en-
niililary ac-
iicr, hailing
onable biir-
rds gencrall
se<<iiiil the
the Marie of
imorl.ili/.eil )
•elfe amoiijf
ose sin^jiiiar
praise in any
ilerst.imiinj;,
is ship, the
leerer, witli-
int himselCe,
ler, I'vr there
nost iiiileoiis
(•«•( es, on all
loiie ; about
to vcelii and
idswiniiiiiii!;
at the \er>
I a jjreat Ar ■
liately lu re-
V roiiid, and
them all two
rurniture i:i
ine, and the
hh suddaiiic
"real

The honor, voyage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

{Treat victorious oucrthrow, made all the hast they could toward the Bridge called Puente de
Siiago, and there shrowded thcmselues in such sort as our shippcs could not by any meancs
possible conic ni<rh them for laeke of water.

TheSpani.sh ships in all were lix. & as is sayd, all tall ships & very richly furnished and
well appointed, whereof some of them were bound for the Indies, and other fraighted and
furni.^hcd for Lisbon, as thcmselues alVirmc: and had wc not come that very time that we did,
(which for my part, 1 do not attribute so much vnto meere chance, as to some secret deepe
in.'si<'ht and foreknowledge of the two most worthy Lords generall, who no doubt spared for
no cost or labour for true intelligence) we had certainely mist of them all.

Of what great wealth and riches these ships were, that I leaue to other mens iudgemeiit
and report, but sure 1 am that thcmsch'cs ollcred two millions and a halfe of ducats for the
redemption of the goods and riches that were in them: which ofler of theirs, albeit it was ac-
cepted of the Lords (iciierall, and should haue becne receiued, yet we were defeated of it,
as hereafter shall be more at large declareil.

What maner of light this was, and with what courage performed, & with what terror to the
beholder continued, where so many thundering tearing peeces were for so long a time dis-
charged, I leaue it to the Header to thinkc cV; imagine. Yet such was the great mercy &
gooilnes of our lining God, that in all this eruell terrible light, in the end, there were not
either slaine or hurt by any maner of meancs (excepting one mischance that happened,
wherof 1 will bv & bv make mention) many aboue the number of 100. of our men: not-
withstanding diiicrs oi" our shippes were many times shot thorow and thorow: yea and some
of them no Icsse then two and twenlie times, as I was cnformcd by credible report of the
Caplaiiies and Master^ thcmselues. I knowe not of any other hurt done, sauing onely that
.Sir Robert Southwell, who aluayes shewed hiniselfe a most valiant resolute knight in all this
artioii, making a litle too much haste with his I'innesse to boord the Philip, had there his
siiid Pimiesse bur it with the Philip at the same instant, and yet by good tare and diligence
his men were saued.

One other mischance (as I said) there happened, and it was thus: One of ti'.e Flemings
llieboats, who had, in all the conflict before, caried himselfe very well and valiantly, about
ten of the clocke while the light continued sharpest, chanced by great negligence and mis-
fortune, to be lired and blowen vp by his owne powder, who could not have any fewer in
him, tlieii one huiidrc<l fighting men by all supposall, and so in the very twinckling of an
eve, both shippc and men were all cast away, excepting vii. or viii. which by very good
fortune, and great care and diligence of some of the other ships were saued.

Iinmediatly vpon this notable viilory without any farther stay in all the world, the Lord
generall the Farle of Ksscx put to shore and landed about .'JOOO. shot, & pikemen : of the
which number the one halfe was presently dispatched to the bridge Puente de Sua^o, vnder
the conduct of three most fimous worthy knights. Sir Christopher Blunt, Sir Coniers Clifliird,
i*!; Sir Thomas (ierard: with the other halfe, being about fiftecnc hundred, the most noble
I'arle of I'ssex himselfe, being accompanied with diners other honorable Lords, namely the
Parle of Sussex, the I.oid llarbert, the Lord Burk, Count Lodoiiick of Na.ssaw, the Lord
Mariiall Sir I'rancis X'ere, with many other worthy Knights, and men of great regard, who
all ill that daves seruice did most valiantly behaue thcmselues, with all expedition possible
marched on I'oote toward the towne of Cadi/., which was about three I'nglish miles march.
That time of the day was verv hot and faint and the wav was all of drv decpe slydiiig sand in
a manner, and beside that, very vneiien, and by that meancs so tiresome and paincfull
as might be. The cneinie hauing re.isonable companie both of horse and footemen, stoode
in a readiiies,-e some good ilistance without the towne to welcome vs, and to encounter the
Lorde Cicnerall. But the most famous P.arle with his valiant Troupes, rather running in decde
ill good order, then marching, hastened on them with .such vnspeakeable courage and ce-
lentie, as within one hniires space and lesse, the horsemen were all discomfited and put to
lliglit, their leailer being strooken downe at the very first encounter, whereat the footemei. be-
ing wonderfully di>maycd and astonished at the vnexspcclcd manner of the Englishmcnskinde

I
1

\m\

<^: ?

4 .y

26 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The honor, voiage to Cadiz.

of such (ierrc and resolute fight rctyrcd ihcinscliies with all the spcedc possible that they
roiiUi, to R'couer themseliies into the Towiie againc, which being done by them, with f'arre
swifter K'gn;es then manly courage, oiirmen were enforced to skalc the walles: which thin{{
in very deedc, although it was not without great danger and dilRciilty to be perfourmed : Yet
such was the inuincible re>olulion, and the wonderlull dexterity of the English, that in one
liaife houre or thereabout, the eneniie was rcpuNcd, and the townc w;i|| possessed, bv the
noble Earlc himselfe, beinij in all this action, either the very iirst man or else in a nianer
ioyned with the Iirst.

The towne walles being then possessed, and the English Ensigne being there displayed
vpon them, with all spcede possible thcv |>roceeded on to march through the towne, making
still their waie with ^worde and shot so well as they could, being still fougiit wiihall at euery
•urne.

Immediately vpon this most famous entrie, the noble Earle, (according to their rescv
hitions, as I take it, put doune before') was seconded by the nolile I,. Adinirall in person,
who was accompanied, with ihe Udble I. Thomas Howard, the most wi>rlhy gentleman his
Sonne, now L. lloward, Sir Hobert Southwell, Sir liichard I.euison, and with diners other
gentlemen, his 1.. followers ol'^dod account : liis colours being aduanied bv that valiant re-
solute gentleman, (a man bcautilicil uilhmaiiv excellent rare gifts, of good learning and Mi-
der^tandinii) S. Edward Ilobliv Kiii;;lit. And thus he likewise marching with al possible
speede on foolc, notwithstanding his 1,. manv yeres, the Intolerable heate, for the time, and
the oucrtiring tedious deepe sands, with other many impe<liments . Yet in good time, iovned
himselfe with the E.nle and his cinipanies, and gaue them the stnmgesi, and best ;issistance
that he could.

Thus then the two Lords Cicnerall with llieir C(im|)anies being ioyned togfihcr, and proceed-
ing so farre as the niarki I place, there tliev ucre holly cncoiMilered, where and at what
time, that woriliv famous knight Sir lohn Winklield. being sore wounded belnrcou the thigh,
al the ver\ entrv of the lowne, ami vet for all that no whit re«peciing himselfe, being caried
awav, with the lare he had to cncour.igcand ilirect liiscompanv, was with the shot of a muskel
in the head, niosl vnforlunatelv slaiin-.

And thus before eii'ht of iju' ( locke tliat ninht were these two most Odble Lords General,
Masters of the market pl.icc, llie li. ris, and the whole Towne and all, oiielv the Castle as vet
holding out, i!v from time to lime a- ihev could, -till anno\ing iliem, wiih seuen battering
pieces, liv this time niglii bcuan In urow tin. and a kiixl of peace or iniernii«sion was ob-
tained bv them of the (a- tie : to whonic the I.nnUCienerall had signided ; that videsse bi'fore
the next dav in ilie morning iliev would ahsoluielv render ihemsclues, they slumld looke for
no mercy, but should euery one be ])ut I" the sword: \ pon which message they tooke de-
liberation that night : but in tl'.e morning before breake ol day, they hangid out iheir flag tf
truce, and so without anv further composition did yeeld themselues absolutely to their mercy,
and deliuered vp the Castle.

.And \et noluilhsiaiuling all this, in the night time wliile thev h.ul this respite t(] [jause,
and delil erale about the pi .icemaking, there were diners j;re.it and suddaine .d.irnis ginen :
which (lid breed some ureal cjutrages and disorder in the lnwne. At euery which alarme, the
tW(i Lunles (ienerall slu-wed ihemselucs marnclons ready iV forward, insomuch that a! llie \er\
first alarme, skant wel furnished with any more defence then iheir shirN, hose, and diiblets,
tV those too altogether in a inaner vnticd, they were abroad in the streets themselues. to see
the \iierm(ist ol it. liul for that it is luit as vel very well km. wen (or al the least not well
knowen \ntomc) either vvherfme, or by whom these alarme-. were aitemj)tcd ; lam tliercfure
to inlrcat, lh.it a bare rcjiorl, tluil such a thing vsas done, may siillicc.

These ihinsis being done, and tlii- >un-en(l( r being made, |iresenl proclamation was publish-
ed, lliat llie lur\ now beinj; |>ast. all men should sur(c,i-.e from all maner of blood and
eruell dealinj;, and that there sluaild no kind of v ioleiu c or hard vsage be ollered to any,
r child, vpon ])aine of death : ;\n<l so j)crn\itting the spoyle of so nuich

either man. woman <

»d' the towne as VNa.s by them thought ineete, to the toinnion souldiers for some certaine dayes,

fli:

tht

■>

!7,

)•<

's I

to Cadiz.

(hat llicy
witli Carre
hich tWtny;
med: Yet
hat in one
n\, by the
II a maiier

(lisplayoil
i(>, inakiii,!;
ill at cucry

their rt'HO-
n j)i'rs(in,
illoinan his
iiers other
valiant re-
in"; and \M-
al possible
le lime, and
inie, idvned
it assistance

nd proceed-
and at » hat
n the thij;li,
jeinj; caried
of a nuiskel

rils General,
i'aslle as vet
■n batterinf;
sion Nvas db-
ilesse liefore
lid liMike for
■y tiioke de-
iheir (laj; tt'
their mercv ,

ite 111 |)aiisf,
irnis uiiieii :
1 alarnie, the
It a! iIk' ver\
and diiblets.
I'liits, to see
cast not well
am thercfuii'

was piiblish-
r blooti and
lleied to any,
!• ol so miiih
irtaine dayes,
they

ne honor, voiaiie to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Ihcy were continually in counscll about other graue directions, best knowen to their honour-
able wiscdomes.

This honourable and merrifull Edict I am sure was streightly and reli»i<)usly obserucd of
the Fiii){lish : IJiit how well it was kept by the Dutch, I will iiclhcr affirme, nor yet denic. For
I pcrcciue bctwccne them and the Spaniards, there is an implacable hartburning, and therefore
assoone as the Dutch s(|iiadron was espied in the fight, immcdiatly thereupon both they of
Siiiil and S. Liirar and also some, of some other jilaces, did not onely arrest all such Dutch
shi|)s, as delt with them friendly by the way of traflick & Marchandise, and so confiscated their
goods, but also imprisoned the Marchants and Owners of the same, and, as the report goeth,
did intreat many of them with extreame cruelty thereupon.

In the meaiie while the very next day being the two and twenty day of lune, all the Spanish
shippcs which were left on ground in the Hay of Cadiz, where the great ouerthrowe had beene
but the day before, were bv the Spaniards ihemselues there set on fire, and so from that time
forward they neuer left burning of them, till euery one of them, goods and all, as farre as
wee know were burnt and consumed. This their doing was much maruellcd at of vs, and so
much the more, for that, as I sayd before, there had bene made some oft'er for the redemption
and sauing of the goods, and it was not to them vnknowen that this their ofTer was not mis-
liked, but in all probabilitic should haue bene accepted. The common opinion was, that this
was done either by the appointment of the Duke dc Medina Sidonia, or els by expresse com-
ttiandeiiient from the higher powers.

Not long after the same time (three dayes as I remember) the gallies that were riinne
on ground, did (iiiilte theniselues also out of that i)lace, and by the bridge of the Hand
railed Piientc de Suaqo, made their way round about the same Hand, and so by putting
them»elues to the maine sea, escaped to a towne called Rotta, not farre off) but something
vjj towards the Towne of Saint Lucars, and there purchased their safety by that meanes.

Tims was this notable \ictorie, as well by sea as by land, both bcgunne and in effect per-
fourmcd, within the comi)as.se, in a maner, of fouretcene houres : A thing in trueth so strange
and admirable, as in my iudgcmc lit will rather bee wondered at then beleeucd of postcritie.
And if cuer anv notable exploit in any age was comparable to Caesars Vcni, Vidi, Vici, cer-
taiiielv in mv pnorc opinion it was this.

Here it is to be wished (and perchance of some too it is looked for) that euery mans parti-
cular worthy acte in this dayes seruice, with the parties name* also, should he put downe,
that thereby both they and their good deserts might beregisfrec' to all posteritie : and for my
part I would it were so, and wish I were able to doe it. Bui for that I confcssc it is a mat-
ter that passeth my power, yea, and for that I thinke it alsf. a thing impossible to be pre-
cisely perfourmed by anv other, I am to crane pardon for that I rather leauc if out altogether,
then presume to doe it maymcdiy : and in this point I referre the Reader onely to the Mappe
that is set foorth of this iourney, where it is in some parte conueniently touchc'. and .spe-
cified.

Tiie Towne of it selfewas a very beaulifull towne, and a large, as being the chiefc See of
the Bishop there, and hauing a goodly Cathcdrall Church in it, with a right gocnlly Abbey,
a Nunnery, and an exceeding fine College of the lesiiites, and was by natiirall situation, as
also bv very good fortification, very strong, and tenable enough in all mens opinions of the
better iudgement. Their l)uilding was all of a kind of hard stone, euen from the very found-
ation to the top, and euery house was in a manner a kind of a fort or Castle, altogether flat-
roofed in the topj)e, after the Turkish manner, so that manv men together, and that at ease,
might walkc thcron : haiiini; vpon the house top, great heapes of weighty stoancs piled vp in
such good order, as they were ready to be throwen downe bv euery woman most easily vpon
such as passed bv, and the sirectes for the most part so exceeding narrow, (I thinke to auoide
the intolerablo i;reat iieat of the Siiniie) as but two men or three at the most together, can
ill any reasonable sorte march thorough them, no strcete being broader commonly then I sup-
pose VVatling streete in London to be.

Ilie towne is altogether without glasse, excepting the Churches, yet with faire comelv

E 'i windowes.

■t

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28 VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS, The honor, voyage to Cadiz.

wintlowcs, and with Hiirc grates of iron to them, and haue very large folding leaiies of wain-
scot, or the like. It hath very fcwe Chimnies in it, or almost none at all : if may be some
one chimney in some one or other of ihe lower out roomes of lest account, scruing for some
necessary vscs, cither to w.ish in, or the like, or els nowc and then perchance for the dress-
inji of a dish of meatc, hauing, ;w it should seeme vnto me, alwaycs a greater care and
rcsjicct how to keepe them>ii'lues from all kind of n;rcat heat, then how to proiiide for any
store of great roste. It had in it by report of them that should best know it, some fourc
thousand and moe, of very good able lighting men, and sixe hundred horsemen at the least.
No question but ihatthev were well furnished of all thing* appertaining thereunto, especially
so many good ships lying there, and being so well stored with all manner of munition, shot,
and powder, as thcv v. ere.

Whetlier they had knowiiuge of our comming or no, I can say nothing to it: Themselues
giue it out that thcv vnderstood not of it, but oncly by a Carauel the Friday at euening be-
fore wc came. But whether thcv knew it or no, thus much I dare boldly alTirme, that if the
English had bene j)ossesscd of that or the like Towne, and had bene but halfc so well pro-
uided as they were, they would haue defended if for one two monethn at the least, against
any power whatsoeucr in al Christendome. Hut surely CJOD is a mighty GOD, and hath a
wonderfiill secret stroke in all matters, esjiecially of weight and moment. Whether their
hearts were killed at the mighty oiicrthrow by sea, or whether they were amased at the in-
uincible courage of the Knglish, which was more then ordinary, caring no more for cither
sma'l shot or great, then in a maner for so many hailestoncs, or whether the remorse of a
guilty conscience toward the Kngli'.h nation, for their dishonourable and diuelish practises,
against her Sacred Maiestie, and the Kcalme, (a matter that easily begctteth a faint heart in a
guilty minde) or what other ihirg there w.is in it I know not, but be it spoken to their per-
peiuall shame and infamie, there was ncuer thing more resolutely pcrfourmed of the coura-
gioiis English, nor more shamefully lost of the bramjing Spaniard.

Ofwh.it wealth this towne should be, 1 am not able to rcsolue theasker: for I confesse that
for mine ownc p;irt, I had not so mucligo(Hl lucke, as tobe partaker so much as of one peniiie,
or penny worth. Hnwbeit my ill fortune makctli that towiu- ncuer a whit the poorer. But as
it should a|)peare bv the urcat pillage by tae coininoii souldicrs, and some mariners too,
and bv the goodiv furnitures, that were dd'ared by the baser j)cople, and thereby vtterly
lost and spoyled, ns not wonrth the ( aryiiig away, and by the oucr great plenty of Wine,
0\ le. Almonds, Oliues, Hai-iiis, Spices, and oih( r rii h grocery wares, that by the iiitem-
pcraie disorder of some of the rasher sort were knorkt out, and lay trampled vnder feete,
in euery common high wav, it should appeare that it was of some very mighty great wealth
to the first owners, fli. ugh perchance, not of aiiv such great cominoditie to the last sub-
duers, for that I iiidge that the better |)art was most rvotously and intemperalcly spent and
consumed. A disorder in mine opinion very much to be lamented, and if it might be bv
any good nieancs remedied, in niv conceit, it were a most honourable dcuice.

The Wednesdav, Thursdiiv, anil Fridav following, the Lords Gencrall spent in counsell,
about the disposing of all matters, aswell touching the towne and prisoners, as also con-
cerning all other matters, thought mcete of them in their honourable wisedomcs, and in all
that ineaiie while did shew such honourable bounty and mercy, as is not able to be ex-
pressed. For not onelv the lines of eiicrv one were spared, but also there was an especial
care had, that al the Kcliijious, as wel men as women, should be well and fauourably in-
treafcd, whom freely without any maner of raiisome or other molestation, they caused to be
safely transported ouer to Port .Saint Marie, a towne in a manner as fayre as Cadiz : but at
that time, as the case flid stand, certainelv knowcn to be of no wealth in the world, and if
was some si\c or seuen miles distant ouer against ("adi/, in a maner as Panics is against
Soiithwarke, on the other side of the Hay, in a part of .Andaluzia, subiect to the territory
of the Duke de Medina Sidonia.

Moreoucr, at the same instant thevdid appoint that worthy knight Sir Amias Preston, and
some others in some conucnicnf Barkcs, to transport ouer to the sayd Towne safely and in

good

•5

lo Cadiz.

s of wain-
be some
for noine
the dresu-
carc and
Ic for any
line foiirc
the least,
especially
ition, shot.

The honor, voyage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

good order, a hundred or nioc of the better sort of ancient gentlewomen, and marchanti)
wiiics, who were suflcrcd lo put vpon themselues, some of them two, yea, some three sutes
of apparcll, with some conuenient quanlitie of many Icwels Chaines, and other ornaments
belonging to their estate and degree. Such was the heroicall liberality, and exceeding great
clcmencie of th(wc most honourable Lords Generall, thereby, as it should secmc vntomee,
beating downc that false surmised opinion, which hath bene hitherto commonly spread abroad,
and sctlcd among the Spaniards: which is. That the English doe trouble them and their
countries, more for their goldc, riches and pearle &c. then for any other iust occasion.
Whereas by these their honourable dealings it is manifest to all the world, that it is oncly in
respect of a iust rcuenge for the manifolde iniuries, and most dishonourable practises that
hatie bene from time to time attempted by them against vs and our natio, and also in the de-
fence of the true honour of England: which they haue sought, and daylie doe seeke, by so
many sinister and reprochfull deuices, somuchasiii them lieth, to deface.

Vpon Saturday being the 'iO. Sir lohn Winkheld knight was buried, in honoiirabic and
warlike manner, so farre foorth as the circumstances of that time and place could permit. At
whose funerals the Nauie discliarged a great part of their Ordinance, in such order, as was
thought mcete and conuenient by the Lords Generals commnndement.

The twenty seuenth day being Sunday, in the Abbey the diuine seruicc was had, and a
learned Sermon was made there by one Master Hopkins, the right honourable Earle of Essex
his Preacher, a man of good learning and swecte vttcrance, and euen there the same day,
something before the sermon was made, these worthie Gentlemen following were knighted
by the Lords General. And here I am to signific by the way that two of these were knighted
tlirce or fouredaycs before, and some three or foure moe were knighted after that time, vpon
cerlainc occasions; but yet I holdc it best (and I trust without olfcnce) to recite their names
in tiiis place altogether.

The names of such noble men and gentlemen, as were knighted at Cadiz in lune
15% by the two most honourable Lordes Generall.

Sir .\lexander Cliflford.
Sir Maurice Barkley.
Sir Charles Blunt.

Jallt :i

11.

Sir Samuel B.ignol.
Sir .Arthur Sauagc.
The liarlo of Sussex.
The Ixird llarbcrt.
The lAtn\ Hurk.
CoiHit Lodowick.
Sir William Howard.
Sir (Jeorgc D'Kurcnx.
Sir Henry Nencl.
Sir I'xlmund Rich,
Sir Kirhard Lciien.
Sir Peter Egoniort.
Sir Aiithonie Ashley.
Sir Henry Leonard.
Sir Kicliard Lcuison.
Sir Horatio \'ere.
Sir Arthur Throihmorton.
Sir .Miles t'orbet.
Sir Edward Conway.
Sir Oliucr Lambert.
Sir .\nthoiiy Cooke.
Sir lohn Townesend.
Sir Christopher Heydon.
Sir Francis Popham.
Sir Philip Woudhousc.

Sir Gc'irge GiHi)rd.
Sir Robert Crosse.
Sir Ia;ncs Escudamor.
Sir Vrias Lcigli.
Sir lohn Leigh, alias Lee.
Sir Richard Weston.
Sir Richard Wainman.
Sir lames Wootton.
Sir Richard RuddaU
Sir Robert Mansfield.
Sir William Mounson.
Sir lohn Bowles.
Sir Edward Bowes.
Sir Humfrey Druel.
Sir .\mias Preston.
Sir Robert Remington,
Sir lohn Buck.
Sir lolin Morgan.
Sir lohn Aldridg.
Sir lohn Asshindon.
Sir Matthew Browne,
Sir lohn Acton.

,1'

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Sir

(

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ri'«'

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JO VOYAGES. NAUKJATIONS, 77ic honor, voijaae to Vndlt

Sir Thoma>i Gates. Sir lohn Gylbcrt.

Sir Gill) Mcrickc. Sir William llaniic.

Sir Thomas Smith, Sir lohn Gray.

Sir William Pooloy. Don Christ, prinrcof Porlingal.

Sir Thomas Palmer. Sir lohn Vanilerroortl, Admiral!

Sir lohn StaflTord. of the Hollanders.

Sir Robert LoucI, Sir Robert Dudley. 8. August.

I am not curious in placing the>e gentlemen, but put them downe at a venture. Only (
liauc obserued, as nccrc as I could, the iust day and time when they were created. And (
trust where the place of it selle is so worthy and equall, there the l);ire naminf; and phu in>i
of the parties, shal l)rcede no otTence, or ni.ikc a disparity. The two j^entlemen that were
last knighted receiued their knighthood in the way of our returne from ("adiz : the one of
them vpon the sea, not farre from the U.iy of the Groyne, at what time our ships stood Npon
their staies f<ir a space, while certaine Pinnasses were sent to descrie what shipjting was at
theGroine; The other at Plimmouth in the open streeie, when the Lords (ienerall came
from the Sermon. The one a man of long scruice, and good desert among the Dutch ; the
other of so many good part.s of a worthy gentleman, as the like arc seldomc scene to eon-
currc in any.

I sn.ikc ill 5' beginning of her Maiesties praier, which I presumed (though \nworthy ) to
Iransfafc into I.,atine : and nowe at this \ery time, there was some o|)p(irtutiiiv odtTed, fur to
make some vse of that translation. For nowe being in Cadi/., attcnciing vpcm mv most ho-
nourable good Lord, I talked with certaine of the Religious men, such as I fdund Ic.irncd,
whereof indeed there were some, though not very many. I t.dked also with the Rishop of
Cusco there, a graue .aged conielv man, and being of late ( hoscn to that Rishopriike. he
was as then to haue gone to the Indies, had not we then laU'ii him prisoner, and so staved
his iourney for that time. \\ ith these men eiier as occasion di<l seme, I did sccke nowe and
then to spende some speech, and to enlerlaine time wilhall, I would breakc with them ol this
ourvictorie, and of theiniuries and bad dealings of their Print e and Countrey oflered to her
Maiestie, whereby shee was prouoked. and in a manner drawcn to this action: though other-
wise of her own most excellent princely good nature, she was altogether gi-.ien to peace,
aiul Ciuietnes. And alwaves in some part of our conferences, I would shew them a copic of
her Maiesties j)raier in Latine, which I had alwaies of purpose ready about me, wherebv it
might the better appearc vnto them, how vnwillingly, and vpO how great iV \rgent occasioiis
her Maiesty was, as it were enforced to vndertake this action ; and therewithall I did vse now
and then to bestow \pon them a copy of the same in writing. They seemed in all outward
shew to allow of my speeches, and to praise her Maiesties good inclination ; andearncstiv to
wish that there might be a firme concord and peace agaiiie.

It pleased the Lords general to deale exceeding fauourably with this said Rishop of Cusco:
Ibr it was their good pleasure to giuc him his free pass.igc witiiout any raiisoine, and liicre-
withal to let him to vndcrstand, that they came not to dealc with Church-men, it vnarnicd
men, or with men of peace, weaklings & children, i.r'ther was it any part of their mean-
ing to make such a voyage for gold, siluer, or any other their wealth arul riches, iVc Rm
that their only comming was to meet with their dishonorable jjraciises, and manifold iniurie--.
& to deale with men of warre and valour, for the defence of the true honour of I'n^land :
and to let them to vnder.stand, that whensoeuer thev attempted any base- coiuci fed \ (liNho.
nor.dile practise to their soueraigne Queene, their Mi.stresse, that it should be reiu-ntred to
the Mtermost, &c.

In this nieane space, while the Lords general continued at Cadiz, there came to liuMn
certain -loore wrctc lied Turks, to the number of .'}S, that had bin a long time gallv-slaues.
and ejiUerat the very time of the fight by sea, or els immediately thereupon, taking the op-
porlunily, did then make their escape, and did swim to land: yeelding themselues to the
mercy of their most honorable Lordships. It jileased tiicm with all speed to aj)parel theni,

anil

Ii> Cidic

Only (
A nil r
I'liuinj"
liat were
e one of

>C)<I \)I()I1

ijf was at

crime

l( li : the

II' to con-

Thf hon. voimf '" Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

and to furnish them with money, and all other necessaries, and to bestow on them a barke,
and a Pilot, to sec llicin freely and safely conueicd into Barbary, willing them to let the
toinitrey vndcrsiand what wasilonc, and what they had scene. VVhercby I doubt not, but
as her Maicstv is a most admirable Prime already, oner all Europe, all Alriik, and Asia, and
throughout Christeiidomc : so the whole worlde hereafter shall hauc lust cause to admire her
infinite Princely vertucs, and thereby bee prouokcd to confesse, that as she hath bin mightily
protictcd from' lime to time, by the powerful hand of the almighty, so vndoubtedly, that
she is to be iudu;ed and accounted of vs, to be his most sacred handmaidc, and chosen vessel.
And tlicrcrorc, whatsoc iicr wi( ked desi<4;ncmcnt shalbe conspired and plotted against her
Maicstv hcreal'tcr, shalbe thought to be conspired, plotted, and intended against the al-
mighty himscU'e : and for that cause, as I trust, hhalbe by the infinite goodnes and mercy of
that almighty, mighlily frustrate anil oucrlhrowen,

The 'iS. day 1 ciiig Sluiida) , the I„ Admiral came aboord the Arkc againe, minding there
to remainc for a spare, as indeed he did, and \pon the aduise of his Physition, to dcale
somctliing in Pliysickc, for that his 1,. found his body something out of frame. At that time
it pl('asc(i his I,, to write certain lellers to the Duke of Medina Sidnnia, for the deliuerance
of English captiucs, who were remaining in the gallics. For by this time, it was reported,
that the saide Duke was come downe in person with some power, and that he was cither at
Port S. Mary, or els at Uolla. or thereabout. Mis I,, did endile the letters himselfe, but his
pleasure was, they should be lurned into Laline by another: and so to be sent (as indeed
fliev were) in the latine tongue Mito the Duke.

A copie of the Lord Admirals letters to the Duke of Medina Sidonia.

Illustrissimo Principi Diici de Medina Sidonia.

IIIii>trissimc Princep-i, ex nonnullis (piibusdani Ilispanis intelligimus, Excellcntiam vcs-
fnini iam nunc esse apud |)ortam S. Mari.e. Et (pumiam in anno Domini l;i88. id nobis tunc
niuncri.. as-iignalum erat a screniss. ncctra Kegina domina mea, \t contra vos, vestr.isq; co-
pia-., r,go solus pro co tempore (ieniralis essem consliiutus: IdcircA non opinamur vobis ig-
noluni esse, quam mile (jiioddam, \ humanum bellandi genus, turn hic iam in hoc ipso tem-
pore, aduer-us hiiiiis loi i piipiilum atij; incolas vsurpauerimus ; turn etiam sa'pius antchac
ipi.'iin humanitcr, benigneq; ens omni s tr.ictauerimus, quos ex vestris iu-e belli capliuos
aiTCj)crimus V,\ quorum uunicro qu.un multa millia. etiam gratis, u\illi> acccpto pretio,
libcrlate doiiauerimus, id i)ui.unus omnibus es»c tcst.ilius, quikm vt ;\ qiioquu denegetur.
(^lUH irca, ncq; vllo modo nobis in mentem venire potest, vt dubitcmus, quin parem ctiani
in vobis humanitatcm adu.Tsus nostros c.iptiuns simus reperturi Cum igitur nobis compertu
iam ■•ii, habere \os in vcsiris gileris, ex Hegin.a' nosir.e serenissimx Dominie mea? subditis
vnum iV ipiiruiuagiiiia e.iptiuiis : nnii equidem dubitamus, quin cos omnes sitis relaxaturi, &
ad nos Inis^uri ; ea lege, ae eondilione, vt toiidem ex vesiris hic capiiuis eiusdem loci atq;
oriliiiis, melinri'< eli.ini loitassis nota^, ac conditionis, homuncios, ad vos vicissim remittamus.
Id quod nos laetuns data (ide spondemus, qu:\m primiim nostros captiuos ex vestris mani-
bus accepcrimus. Mac in re si nostro de«iderio ac voluntali pariun satisfactum erit, aliud
profccto tune po«ihar belli genus ingrediemur, aliunuj; bcllaiuli morem cogemur, etiam
inuili, S: contra voluntatem prosequi. ll\ Hegia ,\iiglicana classe apud Cadiz vltimo lunij,
.stilu anti(|uo. l.'t'.Ki.

Carolus Howard.

These letters were sent bv a .Spaniard, and an answere was brought from the Duke with
al coiiuenicnt >peed, and as it .slicnild sceme bv the E. Admirals next answere returned to him
in writing, whieh immcdiatlv hereafter foloweth, the Uuke dc Medina Sidonia his letters
were honorable, and with good regard.

■I

A Copie

111

V if

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VOYAOrs, NAUIOATIONS,

'/Vitf /ion. volane t,) Caillx.

A Coj)ic of my I,. Admirals hi'coiuI Ictti-r to the Duke of Nfcilina SidDni.i.

IlliiHirisHiino I'riiicipi Diici di- Mi-diiia SiUdDia.

ILIii-iriNsimp Priiicop'', litcra-. al) rxrrlli'iitia vistra hod'u'' accrpimiiM : huiv \cr6 nostr.i "it
.1(1 ill.i-t r«N[)oiisi<), iiobilc-* isii viri, qui vc^lraH litrrat ad ikw pcrlulrriitit : nh'min <lcrl,iral)iiiil.
line iiiU'rim i'upiinu>« rs-ic pi'iiili'is nentiiasiim lAicllcnii.u vr'lr.r, ii"'* scdiilo i.pcr.iin daliircw,
M ill omni lumorilir.'i' licni>;iiilatis miinaiiitatim|; unicrc, jApciialinTii MHirii- omni <'\ pane
rt'Hjioiuli'aimix. (IuikI ad Anjjiicos imstiiw (aptiimx atlinct, qiio'< al) I'Ai'cllciiiia vfslia hue
ad mix irastino die mistinn iri rxptctaimw, in ca re pollircniiir lAcdlciiliiL- \<n|i;i', (|iii'id
picniiis ;\ ni)l)i>* vcslrii- voliinlali >iaiiHl:it liini crit : iV jpiod pro illi-i (M|iliiiiM lair* not i apiiiidx
\oh'u rciniltcnuH, (pialcs lii uli ipsi) Duni. Mcndn/a, turn al) alijs illii>tnl). viris, qui a Dnin.
i'i>ria Carcro in illoriiin ad nos jaiuin' niitlcbantiir, rommuni cinn ri)iwcnsii rrant al) ip'<i'<
a|)prolKiti. Si xcriS qiii-i aliin iam capliuiis «st vrl poslhac fiiluriw rrit in nostra polf-lalc,
pro t uiiK ri'(U'n)|)tionr nondiun plnii' ciiiiiicntinn rsl \- siipnlatinn di- crrto prrlio pt'r^oj-
iicndii : i-onccdinuH Hxccllcnliir vcsira-, M in hoc rli.i ca-u vos, vcsiro |)ro ailiiirio, dc illis
qnicquid M'iiti-i, iinpcrctis. K\ Itc^ia ila.ssc An;;li(ana, apiid Cadi/., 'A. dii' liilij «lNliiaii-
ti(|iiu. ij'JU.

Carohn llowanl.

The next day after, l;ein<; the 4. of Inly, the I,. I,, penerall eansed the lowne of Cnli/, in
l)C set on lire, and rased iS: di ra( ed so imicli as they lould, the I'aire (ailmlial Clmnli, and
the reli;;iiius houses only hein;; ^p.ired, and lell \nl)li'niished. And witli the l<'\sn al -m li
prouision for shippini;, iV other liiini-s, as were seriiiceahle fer y k. \sc, \' vet were not
cither so coniu'iiient for \s to lie ciried away, or els such as \vc stood no whil al .i!l in need
of, were likewise at the same instant consumed with lire. And pr<'-ciit!\ tliero|inn, their
Lordships, with as comienienl speed as they (duld, and the whole army in siu h i;ni.(l order
and leisure, as they ihouyht hest, came .d)iiord

The next dav heinj; llie .'>. !>!' Inly, the I-. L. Kener.dl with all the arniie hein;; Midersaile,
& now inakinj; for Ilnijland, i!w: but as yet passinj; the very month of the hay of Cadi/, a
nailey full of l-.nj^li.sh prisoniTs, with a /lai; of trnce, met vs (m Holla, sent by the I), nl
Medina Sidonia, & sent as ii ■' ..ulil seenie, one day later then his promise: but yet their
flaj; bein^ <'itlier not bij; enoui;h, or not wel placed in the nalley, or not wel discerned o|'
our men, or bv what other niisdiame 1 know not ; but thus it was : b\ one of our smallest
ships V sailed formost, assoone as the said galley came within umishot, there was a ^'reat
prece discharged vpon her, i**. at liiat instant there was one man nlaine outright, and 2 other
j»rieuoiis|y hurt. The error bein^ e«pied and perteiued, our ship >;aue oner inimediatly Ironi
any farther shootin;;. Assoone as the j;alley came ncere vs, my I,. Adinirall ( aused a j;ra( ions
salutation to be sounded with his trum|)els, & willed the cajilains forthwith to (dine aboi nl
his ship- whiih they did, and then he feasted them with a very line .uid honorable banket,
as the time and place mijjht serve. And then by them \ ndersiandinn of that vnfortiinaie
ini«( hance that had ha|)ned bv the shot of the said shij), he was verv sory for the s.une. and
vet sii( li was the mer( ilul promdenre of alniif;hty (><'d, that enen in this inis( iiance also, he
did 111 Id his holy hand oner the Kn;;lish. And al the harme that was done did lii;ht onely
^pon the poore Turk, and the .Spaniard himselfe. When this I.onle had well banqueted
llieni, liee presently called for his bari;e, and did accompany the said galley to the l.nrdc
yeneral tlie liarle of Kssex, who then did ride with his ship a ;;oi il distance oil': and there
iliey beiny: in lik" maner most honorably receiued, and intertained, the S|),mish Rentlenu'
deluiered \|) their prisoners the English raptiues, of who some had bin there (i yere, sonic
a, or ten : yea, and some '^^. yeere, and vpward, and some of them but lately taken in S.
Vrancis Drakes last voia;;e to the Indies. The number of the prisoners deliuercd were but
.'{'J, and no mo, a>' ' -ere broii;,'hl in, and delinered bv Don Antonio de Coroll.i and his bro-
ther, and by Don de Cordua, and certaine others. If vou demaiind why, of one and
iiftic CujitiucH, thf •"> moc dcliucred then wa-s, I presuppose, (and 1 thiiikc it true

to)

hai

Thf hon. votanc to Cirltt. TRAFFIQUFS, AND DISCOirr.mKS.

<lr illis

•(>) that at thill timo the rr^idiio were farther off in Home reinr)io plarfu of Spaine hentoweU,
ami «i) by that iniMiu-H, iinl ;il)li' at tliii lime to bee in a readine^ne, but y«'i like enoiif{li that
there Ih »ome hh.kI order taken lor ihem hereafter, to be redeemed, and Mem oucr into ling'
land.

If any man |)reNiime here so farre, as to eiH]uirc how it ehanced, that the Lords general!
rested so loiij; at Cadi/, and went no farther, and why I'ort S. Mary bcin;? so ("aire a iDwne,
and so neerc to ihem, was lorburiu •' iind why Sheres aliiis Xeres ' And why Kotta :iiid tiic
like ? And why this or that was done ? And why that or this left vndnnc ? I will not unswcre
him with onr ronnnon Knulish prouerbi', as I ininht, which is; That one foole may askc inoe
qiic-^lions in one home, then leii iliscrete men can wel answere in (iuc dayes.

Hut that jjrane anncieiit writer, ('orneliiis Ta( itnx, hath a wise, briefe, |>ithy saying, and
iiist/iis: Xtino Itnlauil iuiininrt in volumiim IlirciiUn, utinrHusq; nr nuiienlius habi-
linn isl (Ic J'wiis Dfoniiii inilcrr, tinnin xiivi-. Which sayiii;}, in my fancy, lillotli mar-
iieiloiH well for this purpose: .itid so miiih the rather, for that this Cadi/, is that very place,
(at least l>v the common opiiiinn ) where those s.iid pillcrs of Hercules were thou}>ht to be
placed: and, as some sav, remainc :is vet not farre olf to be Kecne. Jhit to let that pass(%
the sayiii); iiearelh this di-crcte meaniii;; in it, albeit in a prety kind of mjstical maiier vt-
tered : Thiit it belittelh not iufcrioin- persons to be curious, or too inquisitinc after Princes
actions, neither \el lo be so -.iwiv and --o malapert, as to secke to diue into their secrets,
but rather abv.ivcs to liaue a rinht reiiercnd concciie and opinion of them, and their doings :
and tlicron so rc-tin;; our iuw.ird iliouj;liis, to seek to uo no further, but so to reniaine ready
alwaii's lo arme our selucs with duliliii miiuU, and willin;; <d)edience, to perform and put iit
e\ecniion that wliicli in llieir <l('cpi' insit>ht and heroicall (lenignements, they shall fur uur
j;ooil, an<l the (arc of the common uealili dclermine \pon.

This, anil much lesse to, mijjht sudice to s,iii«lie any honest minded man. Out ypt if any
«ill needs desire to be a little laithiT sali-licd, albeit it neede not, yet then, tlius much I
dare s;iv and allirme, that \ pon inv knowledge, the chiefesi cause why I'ort .Saint Mary, and
llie rest were left vntoiichcd, was this: I'or lh:il it was most certainly knowen, that they were
townes not woorlh the ^alntinj; of stub a royal companie, in which there was no nianer of
wealth in the world left, more llien b.ire houses of stone, .Tiid standing walle~, and mi^ht
well haue serucd r.ilher a-i a -laic, piTi hance, to haue entrapped, then as a ine.uies to hauc
enriched. .And it had bin more then a sU<|)icion of follje, for such an armv as this, to banc
sought to lijjht with the aire, and to haiie laboured with great paine and i harj;es, vea, and
with <oine euident danger too, to haue (uierthrowen that, which coulil very title or nothing
haue prolited, being destroyed: and yet nowe, can doe as liiiU- harnie being left, as it is,
v nt( uehcd

And thus much for our ionriiey to Cadi/ : for the accident* that happened bv the way, for
the winnin;:, spoiliiii;, ;md burnini; of the said lowne, tor the luierihrowe of the Spnni-h
fleet there, and for a! other bv-malters thai happened, as ap|)endances to the same, both in
i!ie lime of our aboile there, as also at the verv la-t honre of our (omming from thence

A- for our returne home, .md our entrance inloapirtof I'orlingal bv the wa\ , with the
i.ikiiij;, spoyling, and burninj; of the towne of I'araon there, and marchinn into the S|>anisli
c-onlines therabinits, iS^i . 1 niinde to leaiu' it to snine other, whose chance was to be present
. I llie action, as m\selfe was not, and shalbe of more sufficient ability lo performe it.

That the Hriltons were in Italie and Greece with the Cin\l)ri:uis an<l (iaules, before
the incarnation of Christ. M. W'il. Camden, pag. ',l{.

nKitannos autem cum Cinibris iV Callis jiermistos fuisse in expeditionibiis illis in Italian)
iV (ir,T( iam \idelur. Nam pra'ler nonicn commune in nriiaiuiico Triailum libro veuriti.^simo, Tnuum r.,wi.
\l)i tres maximi e\erciius. (pii i; Brit:i^«Mis conscripli erant. memorantur, proditum e.st, e\-
terum (piendani dneem lon;;^ niaNinvtim cxerciluin bine contraxisse, qui, populata magna
rnr<ip;e pane, landem adOra-cuni ni.ire (forsiian (ialatiam innuit"! consederit.

liriiomaruni item ducem inicr illo* militarem, cuius mcminit Fhirus & Appianus, Ikitonem
MM. u. t" fuisse

ki.

It"

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Helena.

f'liissc nomf eiiinc'U, qiioil Pritonem nuiji;num signilicat. Nee torqucbo iliud Strabonis, qui
Brennuin nationc Prausum fiiisse scribit vt iiationc Kritoncin faciam.

The same in Knglisli.

IT !•* not vnlikc that the Britons accoinpanicil the Cimbrians and Gaiilcs in those expodi-
liniis to Italy and Greece. For besides the common name, it is recorded in that most ancient
British booke called Liber Triadum, (wherein also mention is made of three huge armies that
were leiiied out ofBritaine) that a certaiiie outlandish captninc gathered from hence amigiitie
armie; who hauing waited a great part oC Ktirope, at length tooke vp his abode (perhaps the
Author meancth in Gallatia) nccrc vnto the sea of Greece.

Likewise, that the warrdike captaine Brilomariis (oC whom Florus and Appian doe makc
repnrt ) was iiiniseire a I',riion, his \ery name docfh testide, which signilielh A great Briton.
Neither will I wrest that tcstinionic of Sirabo (who reporieth lirennus to hauc bene a I'raiise
bv birth) that I niav proinie him also to hauc bene a Briton borne.

The trauaile of Helena.

IIElcna riaiiia Augusta scrcnissimi C'odi Brilannici I{egis Ilaires, i^ vnica filia, Ma'j;i)i
Coiistaiitini G.i'saris niater, in('oni[)arabiii dccorc, fide, religione, bonitate, ac magnilicciiliii
pia, I'lisehio eliaiii teste, ])t'r idliiin rcsplctuiuit orbcni : Inlcr onines a'talis sua- foMninas,
nulla inucnicbaliir ca in liberalii)us artil)us<l(iclior, nulla in instruinentis musicis |)criti<'r, aut
in linsuis nationum copiosior. Innalam habcbat insjcnij daritudincin, oris faciwidiain, ac
mnruin ornatissjni.un compositioncm; Hcbraict^, (incrr, ik. I.iitine enidila. Carucrat pater
alia sobolc (in(|uit Virumnius) cpia' Kcgiii solio |)oiireliir. Illain priipierea his irisirui fecit
per (iptinios prneceiitores, \ t en commodius Ucgiii trai laict negotia Viide ob incrediiiiliMn
eius pulchriludinein, atque alias e\iiiu:is aiiinii X: ccrpi ris doles, ("onstanliiis Chlnrus Ca>snr
illani duxil in \xorcm, atqui- ex ca liliiun in l?rilaiini;i genuit Constantiiuim Magnum. .Seil
eo tandem Kburaci dcfoncto, (um Amia ilia I'.uaiigelica, in s.mcta \iduirate pcnlurauit ad vl-
timuni vila.' diem, tola Christiana^ rcliyioiii dcilila. Sunt cnim authorcs, qui narrcnt per istam,
cessanie persei utione, ])acem F.(clc>i|s dalam : .\d tantam (a'lesti> Pliilosophia- cogniiioncm
cam fcruiit post agnitum I'Luangclium periienisse, \t olim nuillos cdiderit libio-, i)v: carmiiii
qiia'dani Gra>(a, qua" hue i'i»(|ue a Politico siipcres>i' pcrhihenlur. Visinuiluisadmoiiil.i llier. -
soKmam petijt, i*v: omnia s,ihiaiori» loca [lerlustrauii. Hoina' tamlcm oclc>:;cii iri.i Arliciier in
Christo quieuit. I."). Kalei'das Sepleiiibris, filio adiuic suporstile, aimo salulis humana" .i.l7.

egnante apud Britannos Octauio. lluius corpus non minima nmic cura Vencfijs »crtiatur.

Thcssme in English.

HF.icna Flauia Augusta, the hcirc and oiielv (laiigl;tcr of ("oeliis sometime the most ex-
cellent kin;; of Britaiue, the mother of the Emperour ('o:i-t,nitine the great, bv reason

^oodnessc and ;;odlv Maicstio (ai cording to the tes-

)f her sinuular beautie, faith, religi

timonie of Euseliiiis) was famous in all the world. Amongst all the women of her time,
llu re was none cither in the liberall arts more learned, or in instruments of musike more
skillull, or in the diners laugiiaj;es of nations more abundant then hcrselfc. She had a natu-
rall (pTu kiicssc or excelleiu y ol wit, eln(|iience of spec( h, and a most notable grace in all
her lii'h luiour. She was seerie in the Hebrew, (Jreeke and l.atine tongues.

Ilcr lallier ^as Viruiiinius reporteth"; had no other ( hildc to succeed in the kingdome alter

linn but her, ami there!
that tlierel
,1

ore i;uise(t her

to I

)e instructed in these thiu'^s bv the best teachers.

iri" heaiitie.

ini"ht the better in time "-ouerne the Healme: so that bv reas

)f hei

III oilier her excellent "illes of liodv and miiide, Constantius Chloriis the Ki

leroiir married her, and hail bv her a so

ailed (•

nslanlMie the yrcat, while

hee

remainei'

in Britaine. Who at leriglh deceasini; al Yorke, this Helena ( no otherwise then Anna ol'
whom meii(i(in is made in the new Testament ; (uiitinuid a \ertuous and holv widow to the

id of

licr hie.

There

III.,

t«';

Conslanline.

TKArFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES

TIllTO

There arc some writers which doc aflTirine, that persecution ceased, and peace was granted
to the Chnistian Churches hy her wood meaiies.

After the light and knowledge of the Gospel, she grcwe so skilfull in diuinitie, that shee
wrote and composed diners hookcs and certaine Greeke verses also, which (as Ponticus re-
porteth) are yet extant. Being warned l>y some visions she went to lerusalcm, and visited
all the places there, which (Christ had frequented. She lined to the age of fourescore yccres,
and then died at Rome the 1.") day of August in the yeereof oure redemption Sli'l. ()ct:uiius
being then king of lirilaine, and her scmne Constantine the Kmperour then also lining, and
her body is to this day very carefully preserued at Venice.

The life and trauels ol Constantine the great, Emperour and King of Britaine.

I'Lauius Constanlinus cognomento Magnus post Genitorum COstantiiuTi Britannorum Rex,
ac Romanoruni Ca-sar Augustus, ex Ikit.iniiii a matre in Britannia natus, & in Britannia cre-
atiH Impcrator, pnlriam natalcm niagnifui; sunp gloria; participem fecit. Profligatis Alenianis,
llispanis, & Francis, odrunique Kegibus pro spcctaculo bestijs obicctis, Galliam subiectam
tenuit: Tres Helena- niatris auuniiilos Britannos, Leolinum, Traherum, & Mariuni, <pios
crrteris semper lideniiorcs liabucrat in suis fortunis, llalis a Maxcntij tyrannide foelicilcr li-
bcratis, in Senatorum ordiiu-m linm.-e promouit. Innuinera; in eo (vt Eutropiiis liabet)
daru^re lam animi, quum nupdris virtiiles, dum appetentissimus csset glorias militaris, suc-
ccisu semper in beliis prov|)(To. Inter literas lam Gr.Tcas qu;\m Latinas, A Christianissima
matre Helena Chri>li (idem etlcctus, eos hoiiorabal |)raHipiic, qui in Philosophia Christiana
vjtain recliii.isseiil. Vi.de ab oce.uii tiuibus uempe Britannis incipiens, ope frctus diuina,
religionis curam in medijs snprrsiitionum tenebris cepit, ab Occiduis ad Indos, innumcras ad
.•eternn? spem vita- erigens gentrs. Animiun diuinis excrcendo stnilijs, noctes trahebat in-
somnes, iV (pia'siia s( ribendi diuerticui.i j)cr otium frequentabat: Impcrium oratione, ac
Sanctis o])erationibiiscontinciidinn ratus, Kgregius Christianx- iliscipliiia; pra'co, (iiios ac pro-
cerus d(u iiit, ])ielatcm ibuiliis omnibus, atque adei) ipsi anieferre tolius mundi Monarchi.-c.
I'alsorum deorum enersor, Imaginum cultus per Cjr.eciam, .Mgyptum, Persiam, Asiam, &
vniuer-am diiioiic m Hcmanam, repeiiiis al)riigat Icgibns, iubens per cdicta Christum coli,
Euaiigelium pr.xvlicari s.icrum. Miiii>iris honores, it alimenta dari, at(); idolorum \l)i'(pie de-
strui templa. Lt Nt lidei forma (iinctis \iilcretur, Euangeliuni lesu Ciiristi ante >e semper
ferri fecit, iSc Bil)lia sacra ad I'mncs |)r(niin<'ins destinari, diadem.ique Monarchicum primus Bri-
taiini>i regibus (leilil : Eicloiis inlinita pr.rstitit, agros, aiuionam, stipem egenis, a>gris, \ i-
<luis, ac iirplianis, pro (piibu-qne \ t pater sollicitiis. Eusebium, Lactantium, iV similes, f.i-
mijiarissimos lialjuit, iV; banc M(t Dcum (iraiioncm indies ipsis in eius vita testibus fudit. Vnum
leDeum esse nonimu-, vnum le Hegem inicliigimus, appcllamus adiiitorem, nobis abs te Vic-
toria cecidit, e\ te Aducrsnrliun I'lulinuis, \ c. Pro (lelicijs habuit, vt Sextus Aurelianus
trailit, lilerarum studia (dlere, bonos artes fouere, legere, scribere, meditari: < ' mposuit
Gneci- \: I.aline nuilios libros iS; Ilpistnlss, E vita Nicomcdiiv discessit Senex, aiatis sua-
Anno (ili. iV Imperij ,'J'i. ;\ Christi \ero incarnatione .'i.'<9. Constantinopoli sejiultus, Octauio
ni Bril.lnijs regnante. I'iiis \iiani in qualiior libris Ensebiiis C'a-saricnsis (iijece siripsjt, I'v:
Iii.iniUN I'orle^ius (villus in l.;i'.inum transtulii sermonem.

The same in Engli>h.

IT.auius Conetantine, surnamcd the great, king of the Britaines after iiis father, and Em-
liernr of the l!omaiu'>, borne in Britanie of Helena his mother, and there created Emperour,
made liis naiiue countrev partaker of his singular glorv andremnune.

Hauii'g < on(iuered and jnit to flight the AInianes, Spaniards, Frenchmen, and their Kings
lor a speitac le tiiiviwen out to \vilil beasts, he held France it selfe as subiect vnto him : and
haning iiappily tleliuered the lia'.ians from the tyrannic of Maxontius, he preferred three of
his mothers \niles, all Britames, namelv , Eeoline, Trahere, and Marius, whom in all his
,i< lions he had found nunc failhrull vnto him then any others, to be of the order of the Ko-
niane Senators.

F 2 Eutropius

ill

V
\

I 'I

k 11

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Pelagiun.

Eutropiiis reporteth, that he infinitely excelled in the vertues both of the mind and body
also, and that hailing a pleasure in the practise of warre, and in the iust commendation of
Martiall prowesse, he neuer pitched his field but his successe in the battel was alwayes vic-
torious. Ilis mother Helena hauinj; instructed him in the faith of Christ, although hee -nade
much of all men that were learned in the Greeke and Latine tongues, yet heyeelded special!
honor to those that spent their time in the studie of Diuinitie, which he called Christian
Philosophic: so (hat bejjinning at the furthest part of the Ocean sea, which then was taken
to be his owne natiiic sovle of IJritainc, and trusting in the assistance of God, when the
darkencs of superstition was most thicke, then hce vndertooke a care of Ileligion, stirring vp
innumerable nations from tlu- We-^t as farrc as India it sclfc, to the hope of etcrnall life.

Hee passed manv nigiiles witiiout sleepe, hauing his niindc occupied in diuine studies:
and whensoeiier his laisiire from greater affaires did permit him, his vacant limes should
be spent in the \sc of writing and other good exercises, assuring himselfc that his kingdonie*
and Kiiipire were to lie continued and strengthened to him bv prayer and holv wcrkcs: and
oftentimes taking vpoii him as it were the person of a notable pre;icherof Christian discipline,
he would te.ach his children and iiobiliiie, that godlinesse was to be preferred before riclie>,
yea, before the Monarchic of all the world.

He ouerthrew the false gocU of the heathens, and bv many lawcs often reuiiieJ, he abro-
gated the worshipping of bnaucs in all the countries of'CJreece, Egypt, I'ersia, Asia, and the
whole Honiane Empire, comin:indiiig Christ onelv bv his Edicts to be worshipped, the sacred
Gospell to be preached, the .Ministers tiicrcof tube n.inoured a ,d relicucd, and the temples
of Idoles cuery where to be destni\ed.

Whitlicrsoeucr he went liee caused the booke of the Gospell of Christ to be still caried
before him, that thereby it might appcnre to be a forme of faith to all men, am^ !>> appcr-
taine generally to all nations.

He was the lirsi that apiiointed an Inii)criall Diademe, or Crowne to the Kings of Hritaine.

He was most beneliciall to all Churclies, bestowing vpon them lands and lields, and \po!i
the |)oore, sicke jicrsons, wldowes and orpliane^, come and wood, beint; as carcfull of them
as if he had beene their naliirall fatlier.

He vscd learned men most familiarly, as l",ustibiii>, I.a<'taniiMs and others, and they are wit-
jicsses that this was his usuall piaycr to C^od. O Lord we know thee to be the onelv (Joil, we
are sure that thou art the onelv King, and wee call \ponihcc as our helper: through thee we
haue gotten the victorie, and by fliee we haue ouerihrowen the enemi»-.

.Scxtus Aurelius reporteth, that it was his greatest delight to imbrace the studie of Icaminij,
to fauour good Arts, to read, write and medidatc, and that he composed nuuiv bookcs and
I'^pisilcs both in the (ireekc and Latino tongues.

He died at Nicomedia, being then (>(i. yeres of age, in the '.i2. yere of his reigne, and in
the .'J39. ycere alter the Incarnation of Christ, and was burled at ("onstantinople, Octanius
being thjii Kin;- of Britaine : whose life laiscbiiis bishoj) of (Vsarea hath written in (Jreeke
in 4. (jookes, which afterwards were translated into the I.atine tongue by lolm I'<irtes a I'rendi-
man.

The life and tr.iuailcs of I'elagius borne in Wales.

FEIagius Cainbrius e\ ea Britannia" parte oriiindus, famati illius CollegiJ Bannochorensis
a Cestiia non procul, ])neposiius erat, in (|iio Ciiristianorum philosophoriim duo millla ac
cfiilum, ad |)lcl)is in Cliiisto conmioditatem mililabant, manutmi suanun laboribus, iu\t;i
Pauli do( trinam \iititantcs. Po»t (piam )»hires exhibitos, pro Ciiristiana Repnb. labores, vir
erudiiionc insignis, & turn Gr.Tci'', turn I-atine perilus, \t Tertnllianus alter, quorund.im Cle-
ricdioni lare-.sitUH ioivirijs, grauatim lulit, ae tandem ;i fide def'ecit.

Pcragraiis igitur deinceps Gallijs, in Neiivptiim, iV Syriam alir'Lsi|!:e orientis Regiones de-
muni perncnit. Vl)iex carom partiii Monacho |)ni'sMl <)rdniatv\i', sui noniinis haeresim fabri-
cabal ; asserens honiinem sine petialo na-ri, ac solo \n!uiila jis linperio sine gratia saluari
posse, \t ita ncfariiu liaptisninm at lideai lollerci. Cum his i^- consiinililius iinposlricis doc-

triiiK-

t ', 1

PelagiuD.

Pfla^ius.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

trinsc faecibu!) in patriam siiam reuerstis, omnem iilam Regionem, Iiiliano & Caelestino
Psfiid. cpiscopis faiitoril)Us, conspurcabat. Verumantc lapsum siium stiidia tractabat hones-
tissiina, vt post Gcnnadiiim, Bcdani, & Honoriiim alij ferunt authores, composuitq; multos
librosad Christianain vtilitatem. At posfquam est Hereticus publicatus, multo plures edidit
hicrcsi succurrentes, & ex diametro cum vera pictatc pugnantes, vnde erat a suis Britanniii
in cxiliiiin pulsus, vt in Epistola ad Martinuni 5. Valdenus habet. Claruit anno post Chris-
tum incarnatum, 390. sub Maximo Britannorum Regc.

The same in English.

PEIagius, borne in that part of Britaine which is called Wales, was head or gouernour of
the famous Ci.Ilcd^c of Bangor, not farre from Chester, wherein lined a Societie of 3100,
Diiiines, or Stiidenis of Chri-itian philosophic, applying themselues to the profite of the
Christian |)eop!e, and lining by the labours of their owne handes, according to Pauls doctrine.
He was a man excellently learned, and skilfull both in the Greeke and Latine tongues, and
as it wereanotlicr Trrtullian, after his long and great Irauailes for the good of the Christian
common wealth, sceini; himsrlfe abused, and iniurionsly dealt withall by some of the Clergic
of lliat time, he tooke the matter so grieuously, that at the last he relapsed from the faith.

\Vhcreu|)on he left Wales, and went into France, and hauing gone through France, hee
went therehenic into Ffivpt, .Svrin, & other Countries of the East, and being made Priest by
a ccrtaine M' nkecif lliose jiaries, he there hatched his hev\sie. which according to his name
was called the hcresie of the Pcla;;ians: which was, that manne was borre without sinne, and
might be saucd bv the power of his owne will without grace, that so the miserable man
mi;;lit take away faith and baptisme. With this and the like dregges of false doctrine, hcc
relurncil againe into Wales, and there by the meanes of the two false Prelates lulian and Ce-
lestiiie, who laii(>urc<l his hercsie, hee infected the whole Countrey with it. But before hi.s
fall and .\posi.asic from the faith, he exercised himselfe in the best studies, as Cennadius,
JU'da, lIoKorius, and other authors doe report of him, and wrote many bookes seruing not a
llllc to Christian vlilitie: but being opce fallen into his heresie, hee wrote many more er-
roneous bookes, then he did hefnre honest, and sincere : whereupon, at the last his owne
Couiitrtymen banished him, as Walden testitieth in his Epistle to Pope Martine tliefift. He
nourished in the yere after the Incarnation, 390. .Maximus being then King of Britaine.

Cerlaine Englishmen sent to Constantinople by the French King to lustinian the
Emperor, about the yecre of Christ, 500. out of the fourth booke of Procopius
de Bello Gothicc.

HIiitaiuiiam in^iilam Ires numcrosissim.T gentes incolunf : Quorum vnicnique suus Rex im-
perat. Nominantur lia- i;cnies .\iigili, Frisones, v<l: (jui eiusdem sunt cum insula to^-nomi-
/lis Britones. Tama vero Iiominum muliiludo esse vidctiir, vt singulis annis inde magno mi-
incro cum sxoribiis iS: liberls ad I'laiicos emigrent. llli aiitem in eorum terram, qu.T maxim^
deserta videliir, exr' )iuiit. Vnde iiisulam sibi veiulicare fcriiiit. Viique non ita pridem,
cum Fraiu'orum JU-x ijii'>-.ilam e suis Constantinopolim ad lustiniaiuun legaret, .\ngIos eliam
misit, ;:inbitiosiiis \eiuliians, quasi li.ee insula suosubesset imperio.

The same in English.

Tile Isle of Britaine is inliabited bv three most populous nations, cuery of which is go-
ucrncd by a seiu-rall king. The savd nations are named Angili, Frisones, and Britones, which
last arc < ailed alter the n;un(' of the Island, In this Isle there arc such swarmes of people,
that euerv \e<'re ihty goc fcoitli in great luimbers with their wines and children into France.
And the Fri nclunen right willingly receiuethem into their l.inde, which seemeth very deso-
late for w.i'it of inhaoitants. Whireu])on it is sayd that the Freiu-h doe ch.tllenge the fore-
sayde Island vnto iheinselues. For not long since, when the king of the Frankes sent cer-
laine of his subiects .nubass.idours to Constantinople \nto luslinian the l"ni[)cri'iT, he sent

English

'■i

•i .'

y I-

■

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

F.rigene.

English men also, ambitiously boasting, as though the sayd Isle had bene vndcr his iiirls-
diclion.

A feslimonie of the scndinji of Sighelmus Bishop of Shirlitirnc, by King Alphrcd,
vnto Saint Thomas of Imiia in (he yearc of our Lord SS,'{, recorded by William
of Malmcsburie, in liis second booke and fourth Chapter dc gestis reguni An-
glornni.

liLeeniosynis intentiis priiiilenia erclesiarum, sicut pater >latiierat, robornuit; & tran^i
mare Romani, & ad sanctum Tliomam in Indiam mnlta munera inisii. I.egatiis in hoc missus
Sighclmus Shirburiiensis Episcopus cum magna prospcritate, quod (|uiuis hoc seculo mire tur,
indiam penetrauit ; inde rediens exoticos splendoreM gemmanim, iV licpiorcs aromatum, quo-
nun ilia humus ferax est, reporlauit.

The same in Englisli.

King Alphred being ad('ieted to <;iiiin>f of almes, confirmed ilic piiuilci;e-. of ('hurclies ;n
his father had determined; and sent also many giftes beyond the seas \nio Heme, ;ui(l vnto
S. Thomas of bulia. His messenger in this businesse was Sjijiielmus bishop ol Schiri)iiriie;
who with great prosperilie (which is a matter to be wondeiod at in this our a^e) tr.uiailcd
thorough India, and returning home broujiht with him many : trange and precious vniolis and
costly spvces, such as that countrey plentifully yeeldeth.

A second testimnnv of the foresaid Sighelmus his voyage vnto Saint Tiioin.is of
India \c. out of William of Malmesburie his second booke de gestis pnntiliciini
Anglorum, cap. dc episcopis Schircburncnsibus, Salisburieusibus, Wiltuneiisibus.

Slghelmus trans mare, causa elecmosvnanim regis, iV- cliain ad Sam tmn Thoinam in In-
diam missus mira prosperitate, (piod quiuis in hoc seculo mirelur, Indiam penetrauit; indci|ui>
rediens exotici generis gemmas, (piarnm ilia humus ferax est, rcjxirtauit. Normuliie illariun
adhuc in cctlcsix monumeiitis \i»iniiur.

The same in luiglish.

Siglu'Iinus being for the performance of the kings almes sent bevoiul the sean, and tr.i-
uailing vnto S. Thomas of India, vcrv prosperously (^whith a man would vvoonder at in this

home brousiht with him di-
Maiiv of which stones are

I ,*

age) passed through the savde coimlrev of India, and returning
tiers strange and precious stones, such as that climate anbiu'dctli.
as vet extant in the monuments of the Church.

The life and trauaile.s of lohn Erigena.

lOaniies Erigena Rritannus natione, in Mcneuia vrbe, sen ad faiuim Dauidis, \: p:itricio
ijenitore natui, duin Anglos Daci crudcles bellis ac rapinis molestarent, ac omnia illic esscnt
lumullibus plena, longam ipse peregrinationem Athenas \-c\\\c suscc|)it, ann^sfj; quanijilures
litcris (ira'cis, Chaldaicis, \ Aral)icis insudaiiit; omnia illic innisit I'lLilosoplioriMn loca, ac
studia, imo & ipsiun oraculum Soils, cpiod .Vesrulapins sibi cnnstrn\cr.it. lauenicns tandein
(piod loii'^o quirsierat labore, in Italian! iV Galiiani est reiiersus vbi ol' ir,-;L;iiiin c riidilioncni,
Carolo Caluo, & jjostca I.udonico Balbo aceeptii-, Dionysij .Arcop igii.r libros de ((clesti
Ilierarchia, ex Coiistantiiiopoli tunc missos Latinos lecit, Anno Doni. 8,")S. I'rolectiis posfta
in Britainiiam, Alj)hredi Anglorum Hegis, & suorum liberorum laciiis est |)ni'( eptor, atiiue
ipso mox adhortante, inter ocia litcraria c Gra?co transtulit in tres linguas, sc iliiei Chaldai(ain,
Arabiiam, iV Latinam, Aristotelis tnoralia, de secreii.s secrctonnn, .sen recto regimine I'riii-
cipum, opus certe exquisiium. In Malmsbiiriensi ca-nobio tandem, quo recreationis gratia se
contulerat, inter legendum a quibusdam discipiilis inalcuolis intcrimebatur, \\\\w Chrisii, S84.

The same in English.

lOhu Erigcne a Briiane, descended of honourable parents, and borne in the T. une of S

DauiJ

'*' ()/ ^'

F.rigcuc.
r his iiiri-i-

)lircil,
'illiain
n All-
it; & iran^
iioc mis-iiis
ilo niirr tiir,
latum, quo-

['lilirilifs as

r, aii<l MHO

Siiiirhiirnc;

) traiiailfcl

viiioiH and

n.i-i ipf
liliriini
ii>ibn-<.

Miiam ill Ill-
it ; iii(lii|iii'''
uilo: illanim

iin, and IM-
T at in lliis
ivitli liim di-
ll stoiirs arc

iV piitriciii
a illii' t'-Miil

qiiaiiiplurrs
mil li'ca, ai-
ii-iis laiidciii

riidilioiuiii,
i dc ((I'li'^li
i'ctiis jxisfta
■ptur, al<nie
(Mialdaii am,
;imiiu' I'riii-
jiii", j;ralia se
Clll■l^li,884.

Dan id

Svoanm. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Daiiid 'n Wales, seeing the Englishmen fo be oppressed with the warres and rapines of the
rriicll Danes, and ail the land in a hnrlie biirlic, he in the meane time vndertooke a long
ioiiriicy, cuen as farrc as Athens, and there spent many yeres in the studie of the Greekc,
Clialdii', and Arabian tongues: he there frequented all the places and schoolcs of the Phi-
losophers, and the oracle also of the Sunne, which Aesculapius had built vnto himsclfe. And
hailing found at length that which he had with long trauell searched, he returned againe
into Iialir, and France, where for his singular learning, lie was much fauoiired of the two
Kings Charles and Lewes, and in his being there, he translated into Latinc the bookcs of
Dionysiiis Areopagila t oncerning the Heauenly Hierarchic, which were sent from Constanti-
nople in the ycere S.')S. After this hee came backe againe into his owne Countrey, and was
sthooleinastrr vnto Alphrcd then King of England, and his sonnes; and vpon his request,
at his liinei of Icasiiie, lie translated Aristotles Morals, of the Secrets of Secrets, or of the
right gouernemciit of Princc-i, out of Grceke into these three tongues Chaldie, Arabian,
and Latinc, wliich he did very exqiii-itely. At the last, being in the Abbie of Malmesburie,
wliitlicr he went for his rccrc.iiion, and there according to his manner disputing, and reading
to the Students, some of ih^in ini>liking and hating him, rose against him, and slue him in
the yccre of Christ, 884.

The trauailes of Andrew Wliiteman alias Lcucander, Cenfur. 2.

ANdr.Tas Lcucander ali^'* Whiicman ( iuMa Lelaiiduin) Monachus, & Abbas Ramesicnsis
("cciioliii tcrliiisruit. Uic bonis arlibus studio ((iKidain incrcdibili noctcs atque dies inuigila-
bat, i*\; lipciie praiciiini iiigcii-i iiidc ictulit. Acccssit pnetcrca & aniens quoddain drsideriuin,
raiJropiijs tSj aperlis ociilis xideiuli loca in qiiibus Seruator Christiis redeniptionis nostrae
inv-icrla omnia coiisiuiiniauit, quorum priiis sola noniiiia ex scriptiirarum lectione nouerat :
viide & s.icram Uicro^olymoniiii vrbem miraculormn, praedicatioiiis, ac passionis eius tcstem
inuisil, atqiie domum rediens ("actus est Abbas. Claruisse fertur anno nati Seruatoris, 1020.
sub Camiio Dano.

The same in English.

ANdrcw Lcucander f)therwise callcil Whiteman (as Leiand reporteth) was by jjrofession a
Mimkc, and tl;e liiird Abbat of ilic .\bbey of Hairi'-ie: he was exceedingly giueii to the stu-
«lit" (if uood arics, taking paiiies therein day & night, & prolited greatly thereby. And
amongst all other things, he ha<l an incredible desire to see those places with his eves,
\sluTciii Clirist our Saiiiuiir performed and wroi;giit all the mysteries of our redemption, the
names of wliich phu es ho oiielv knew before by the reading of the Scriptures. Whereupon he
began his iourncv, and went to Icrusalem a witnes-e of the miracles, preaching, and passion
of ("liri>i, and being againe rcliiriic<l into his countrey, he w.is made the aforesayd Abbat.
He (loiirished in ihe ycic of Christ 1020. viider Canutus tiie Dane.

Tlie vova<;e of Swaiuis one of the sonnes of Earle Godwin vnto Icrusalem, Anno
Dom. lO.Vi. recorded by William of .Malmsburie lib. 2. de gestisregum .\ii^lo-
rum, .'apite l.'i.

SWanus periiersi ingenij iV iiilidi in regem, nuilioties a patre & fratre Haroldo desciuit:
& ])irata factiis, ])r.Tilis niariiimis \irtiites inaiorum polluit. Postreino pro conscientia Bru-
iionis c(>gnati intereinpii, iV ( \t (piidam dieiiiit) fratris lerosoliinain abijt: indeque rediens,
a Saracenis eircumtientus, & ad mortem ca^sus est.

The same in English,

SWanus Iieing of a perueisc disposition, and faithlesse to the king, often times disagreed
with his father and bis brother Harold: and afterwards prooiiing a pirate, he stained the ver-
mes of his ancestours with his mbberies \pon the seas. Last of all, being guilty vnto him-
<ell'e of the nuirthcr of his kiiiscman Hnmo, and (as some do report) of his owne brother,

ti'^

,<:' 1

■^1

ttwr

v\%.

'Hi

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

/tmbassad. to Constant.

he traiiailcd vnto Icrusalcin; and in his returne home, being taken by the Saracens, wa»
beaten, and wounded vnto death.

A voyage of three Anibassadours, who In the time of K. Edward the Confessor, and
al)out the ycre of our Lord 1056, were sent vnto Constantinople, and from
thenre vnto Ephcsns, together with the occasion of their sending, &:c. recorded
by William of Maimesburie, lib. 'i. de gestis reginn Anglonim, capitc 13.

Die sancti paschatis ad mensam apud Wcstmonasterinm assederat, (liademalc fastigatns &
optimatum turma circumnaliatns. Ci'inupic alij longam quadragesimas incdiaiu rcceniibiis
cibis nimpensantes, acritcr comedcrent, ille a tcrrenis rciiocato aninio, dinintnn i|uiddani
spccnlalus, mentcs coimiuantium pcrmonit ampliorem perfusus in risnm : niill<K|ue tansam
lutitiiu perquirere pra;snmente, tunc qiiidi'in ita taciturn, donee edcndi satictasobsonijs fmcm
imposuit. Sed remotis mcnsis, cum in triclinio regalibns exuerrlur. Ires oi)lim:iics cum
prosequuti, quorum vnuserat comes Ilarokius, sccundus abbas, lerlius episcopus, fainiliarilatis
ansu interrogant quidriscrat: miriiin omnii)us ncc immeril6 vidcri, <iiiari! in lantascrcnitate
diei & negolij, tacentibus (txtcris, scurrilcm carhinnum ejcccrit. Siupciida (iiuinit) vidi, ncc
ideo sine causa risi. Tum illi, vt moris est humani ingenij, sii~(itari & «|uaTere cansam
ardentius, v( supplicibus dignantt^r rem iin])crliaiur. Ille mulli'im cunctalu. t.indcm in^laii-
tibiis mira rcspondil : scptem dorniienlcs in nionlf C'li'lio rcquirsccre iaiii duccntis :innis in
dextro iaccntes latere : scd tunc in liora i|)sa ristis sui, latiis inmTli-.-:e '•inislnnn : Itidirum \t
scptuaginta qnatu> r annis it.i iaccaiit; cliriim nimirnm miscris niorlalilnis <imen Nam omnia
\entura in hissc]»tiiaginta i|natiior .innis, qii.-cdoniinus circa flncm nnuuli pra-di\i( discipulis
suis: gentcm contra genlcm surrccturam, \ rcgnum aducrsus rcgnum, tciT.cmotiis per loca,
pcstilentiain &: fanieni, Icrrorcs dc c(rIo & signa magna, rcgnorum nnilationcs, gcniilinm in
Christianos bella, item Christie nlarnm in pag:nios victorias. 'I'alia niiraiilibtis in( iilc:ins pas-
sionem sepiem dormicntium, \ liabriiulinc- corpornm sinijiiloruni, (|iras nnll.i docct litcr.i, iia
prompt^ (lisseniit: ac si cum ci'^ (]\ioiidi:ino vidilarct contid)eriiio. His :iiiclitis, comes inili-
tem, episcopus cicricum, ahb-is monailiuni, ad \cril;ilcin verboriim CNscuipcnd.iin, M;iiiii hcli
Conslnnlinopolitano impcrilori miscn. adici tis regis sui litcrisiK: muncrilni--. I'.os ille l)cnii;n<'^
>c(um h.ibitos e|)isc(!po l.pliesi ilestin;itiii, cpi-.tola pariler, quam sacram \o(ant, comitaiite.
\l ostcndcrcniur legalis reyis Auiiiia- ^cpiom dormicntium marturiiilcs cxuniic. l"acti'ini<| ;
i>t vt \aticinium regis I'dwnnli (iMuis i-miiibus comprobatum, q\ii se a p,itril)ns acccpisse
iiirarciit, super dextriim iilo-, lain-. (]iiiesi(rc : sed post introilnm An';Ioriim in spcluncam,
^erilalcm peregrinje propiicli.e coiittiliernalibus suis priTdicarunt. Nee moram I'cNiinatii)
nialornm (ecii, (juin Agareni, iS: Arabcs, I'v Turci, aliena; scilicet a ("hristo gcnfe-;, Svriam,
iV l.\ciani, vV minorem Asiam omnino, (!<; maioris multas \rbcs, inter qnas iV Ephc<um, ip-
s:mi etiam Ilitrusul} mam dcpopuiali, super Christianos inuaderent.

The same in English.

VPon Taster dav l.ing I'dward the Confessour being crowned \silh lii> kiuL^Iv diailcme, and
.1(1 umpaiiii'd with diners of |ii> nnbies, -iate at dinner in liis p.iilace at \\'c-tmin'<ter. .And
\. Ill 11 other-, aCicr tiicir long abstinence in the Lent, refre-lud tliein-cliies \>itli (i.iintv meats,
.lid fed thereupon \ery eaiiie-tiy, lie lifting \p hi< mind from earthlv in,~ttirs and meditating
111 lieauL'iily virions (to ihe great admiration of those which were present "i lir.ike forth into an
csceediii!; lauuiiter : and no man presuming to enquire the cau^e ofhis niiilli, tliey all ke]it si-
Iriice til tliniier was ended. I'.iit after dinner as he was in his bedi h.imber ])iiiiiiiL; olfhis so-
Uiiiiu- roabcs, three i f lii> Nc.hlev, to wit carle Harold, an Abbut, and .i lii-lu.p, beinj; iiK re
f.iiiiiliir \vitli liini then the ic-idiic followed him in and t.ouldK a-ked iiim what \v:w the
ociasioii III hi, laiigliier: for it -.eemed vcr\ strange \ntofhcm .ill, what shnulil mmie hiiii at
so sdleiniie .i liini! and .isscinbN , while others kept silence, to l.nigh m) cm e-.-.iiiel\ . I s.iw
' quoth he) admirable things, aiul therefore laughed I not without occasion, 'fhen ilicv , as
it is the I ominoii gui-.e of all men ) dcnianndrd and enquired the cause more e.iriie-lK, iuiiii-
bly beseeching him that hee would vouchsafe to ini|.,irt that secret vnto tliein. \Viieieu|>on

inu-ini,'

Alured.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

imisinjja long while vnto liimsclfc, at length he told them wonderfull things: namely that
scucii SIcc|)ers had resfrd in mount Casliiis two hundred yeeres, lying vpon their right sides;
but in the very houre of his laughter, that they turned themschies on their left sides; and that
thev should coniiiiuc so lying lor the space of Ti. yeeres after; being a dismal signe of fu-
ture calaniitie vnio mankinde. For all things should come to passe within those 74. yeeres,
which, as our Sauiour Christ foretold vnto his disciples, were to be fulfilled about the cnde of
the world ; namciv that nation should rise against nation, and kingdome against kingdome,
and that there should bee in many places earthquakes, pestilence, and famine, terrible appa-
ritions in the hcaucns, and great signcs, togethi. with alterations of kingdomes, warres of
inlidcls against the Christians, and victories of the Christians against the infidels. And as
thcv wondered at these relation-^, he declared vnto them the passion of the seuen Sleepers,
with the jiroportion and .slii , cache of their bodies (which things no man liuing had as
then committed vnto writiii , and that so jjlainely and distinctly, as if he had conucrsed a
long lime in their company. Hereupon the carle sent a knight, the bishop a clearke, and the
Abbr)t a monke vnto .NIanichcs the F.mperour of Constantinople, with the letters and gifts of
their King. Who giuing them friendly entertainment, sent them ouer vnto the bishop of
Ephe-.us; and wioie his letters vnto him giuing him charge, that the English Ambassadoum
might be admilted to sec the true, and material habiliments of the seuen Sleepers. And it
came to passe that King Edwards vision w.ns approued by all the Greekcs, who protested they
were adiicrtiscd by tluir fathers, that the r( rcsaid seuen Sleepers had alwayes before that
time rested vpon ihoir right sides; but after the Englishmen were entered into the caue, tho.se
Sleepers confirmed the tructh of the outlandish prophesie, vnto their countreymen. Neither
were the calamities foretold, any long time delayed: for the Agarens, Arabians, Turkes and
other vnbcleeuing nations inuading the Christians, harried and spoiled Syria, Lycia, the
lesser Asia, and many cities of Asia the greater, and amongst the rest Ephesus, yea, and leru-
salem also.

The Voyage of Alured bishop of Worcester vnto leriisalem, an. IO.^>H. Hecordcd
by Roger Houedcn in ])arte priore Arinalium, fol. 'i.'ij. linea 15.

ALuredus Wigorniensis F.pis( dpusecrlcsiain, quam in ciiiifate Glauorna a fundamentis ron-A.D. iej8.
stnixcrat, in honore prin(i])is .Xpustoloruin I'etri honorific^ dcdicauit : &• postcA regis licentia
Wolstanum Wigornienscm Monacluim a so ordinaium .Mibatem constituit ibidem. Dein
prxsulatu lliIni^so Wiltoniensis erclesi.-e. (|ui sibi ad regcndtim commissus fuerat, iK: Her-
nianiin, ( iijus supra mentioncm fecinuis, reddilo, mare transijt, & per Himgariam profectiis
est Ilicrosolymam, &c.

'fhe same in English.

IN the ycre of our Lord l().')S .Mured bishoji of Worcester, very solemnely dedicated a
("hurili (which himscH'e had founded and built in the citie of (Jloccstcr) vnto the honour of
S. I'cicr the chicfe .Ajiostle : and altcrw.ird i)y the kings permission ordained Wolstnn a Monke
of Worcester of his owne choice, to he .\hl)ate in the-ame place. And then hailing left his
Hishopri( kc wliich was committed vnto him ouer the Cliurch of Wi!t(>n, and hailing resigned
the v;\nie vnto lli'rm.iimus al)oue mentioned, passeil ouer the seas, and traiiailed through
lliiiigarie vnto lerusalcm, &('.

The voyage ol' liigulphus Aiibat of Croiland vnto leriisalem, performed (according
to I'lorentiiis Wigorniensis) in the yeeie of our Lord, Il)li4, and descrijjeil by
the !.aid liigiil|)lius hiinselfc about the conclusion of hisbriefc Historic.

E(Io Inguli)luis hiimilis minister Sancti Giithlaci Monasterijq; sui Croilandensis, natus in a. p, ice^
Angiia, & a paicniilius Anglicis, ([uipp^ vrbis pulcherrima' I.ondoniarum, pro Uteris ad-
di'C<'n(lis in teiicri(iri ;i-tate constitutus, primiim Westmonasterio, |iostmodu!n Oxoniensi
studio traditiis cram. Cunupie in Aristolele arripiendo su]>ra multos co.Ttaneos meos profe-
. i-scm, etiain Khctoricam Tullij primam & secundam talo tenus inducbam. Factus ergo

VOL. II.

olesecniior.

'»!)

I!,

I'll

I' I

■

A. V. ICJI.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Ingulphus,

A. D. I0«4,
According to
Florfntiui W
|ornirnsis>

adolcscentior, fa>*tidicns parentuin mcorum exijjuitatcni, patcrno.s lares relinqucre, & pala-
lia regum aut principiim afl[eclan»<, mollibus vcstiri, poinposisquc lacinijs ainiciri indies arden-
tiiis appctcbam. Et ecc^, iiu-lylii!> nunc rex iiostcr Ai));lia>, tunc adiuic romcs Nonnanniae
Wiihelinus ad colloquium tunc regis Anglias Edwardi cognati sui, cum grandi miiiistrantiiim
coniitatu Londonia;* aducntabat. Quibu» citius inscrtus, ingerens nic vbi'qiic ad omnia
emergentia negotia pcragenda, cum prosperi; plurima pcrfccisscm, in breui agniius illu.striit-
simo comiti & astrictissim^ adamatus, cum ipso Norinanniam enauigabain. FacUw iliidem
scriba cius, pn) libito toiam comitis curiam, ad nonnullorum iniiiiliani regebam ; quosque
volui humiilabam, & quosvolui cxaltabam. Cumque iuucnili calorc impulsus in tam ccIho
statu supra meos natales con.iistcre laedcrcm, quin semper ad alliora consccnderc, instabili
animo, ac nimium ])ruricn(i aHeilu, ad crubcscetiam ambitiosus auidi-^sinii; drsiderarem :
luintiatur per vniucrsam Normnnniam j)lurimos archiepiscopos impcrij cum ninnullis alijs
terrac principibus vclic pro iiierito niiimarum suarum more pcregrinorum cum dcbita dcuo-
i- tione Ilicrosolymam proticisci. De familia ergo comitis domiiii nostri jilurimi lain miiilcs
i\\\hm dcrici, quorum primus & praccipuiis ego eram, cum lircnlia, & domini nostri co-
mitis benciioleniia, in dictum iter nos (nines accinximus: & Aiemanniam pclenlcs, cquites
triginta numero & amplius domino Maguntino coniuncli sumus. Parali nanujue onniis ad
viam, &: cum dominis cpiscopis connumerati septcm niillia, pertranscunlcs pr<)s|)eri! niuila
terrarum spatia, tandem Constaniiiiopolim penicninnis. Vbi Alexium Impcralorcin cius ad-
orantcs Agiosophiam vidimus, & infinila saiictuaria ostulati suinus. Diucrtenlcs indc per I,v-
ciam, in manus Arabicorum latronum inridimns; euistcratique dc inliniiis pecuiiiis, luin
mortil)US multorum, & maximo vita- no^trae poritulo vi\ cuadintcs, tandem dcsidcralissiniain
ciuitatem Hierosolymam latto iiitroitu tenebamu-*. Ab ipso tunc pntriarciia Sophnmio nomine,
viro vencranda canitie honestissimo ac saiictisj-iino, grandi cymbalorum tonilru, A: luniinarium
immenso fulgore suscepti, ad diuiiussimam eccloiani sanctissimi sc|)ulcliri, fain Syniniin, (|u;\m
Lalinorum solenni processionc dcduffi sumus. Ibi qii<if preces inrr.iuinui<, (|U( t ladrMuas
infieuimus, (piot su<piria inspirnuiiiuis, solus cius inhabit.itor noiiit I), nosltr Icsiis Cliri^rus.
Ab ipso ifaque gioriosi^simo sepuichro C'lirisii ad alia sanctiiaria ciuil.itis inuiscnda cin uin-
ducti, inlinitam summani sanclarum eccle»i:irum, iV oraloriorinn, qua- Acliim SdicLmus du-
dnm dcstruxerat, ociilis iachrymosis vidinuis. \'.\ omnibus minis sanclissimac ciuilatis, lam
extra, (jiu'ini intra; numcrosis lacliryniis iniimo all'cclu (ompassi, ad ()U(inuuiani rc-t.air,ilio-
nem datis non paucis petunijs, cxiic in j)atriani ^^ sacralissinio lordai e intingi, \niuers,ique
C'iiristi vestigia osculari, dcsidcrantissinia dcuotiunc su>piral)amus. Sed Arabum lalr'iiculi
cpii omnem viam ob.scruabant, Icngius a ciuilate ciiagari, sua raiiiosa miiltitudine innuii.era
non sincl)ant. Verc igiiur accidentc, stolus ir.iuium lanuensium in porta loppcnsi ajipliiuit.
In (|uil)us, cum sua mcrciinonia C'lirisiiani lucrcatorcs per ( iiiitalcs niaritimas comnuitasscnt,
&: sancta loca similiter adorasscnt, ascendentcs onincs mari nos comntisimus. Et iactari
(luclii)us <!^ proccliis iniuimeris tandem Brundusiu, iS^' pro>pero iiinere per A|>uliaiu Komain
pctentcs, sanctoru Apostolorum Petri & I'auli limina, & copiosissima sanctoru martvrum
monumenta per onuics stationes osculali sumus. Inde archicpisco|)i, (,x'l('ri(|uc principcs
imperij Aiemanniam per dcxiram repctentes, nos versus Eranciam ad sinistram dcclinaiiics
cum inenarribilibus &: gratijs & osculis ab inuiccin discessimus. Et tandem de tripiinta
equitibus, qui de Normannia pingues cxiuimus, vix viginti pauperes pcregrini, & onincs
pcdites, macie mulia attenuati, rcuersi suinus.

The same in English.

I Ingulphus an humble scruant of rcuerend Gulliiac and of his monastery of CroiiantJ,
borne in England, and of I'^nglish parents, at the beautiriill citie of London, was in my
youth, for the attaining of good letters, placed (irst at Wcstniiiister, and afterward sent to
the Vniucrsiticof Oxford. And hauing excelled iliuers of iinnc (((uals in learning of Aris-
totle, I inured my seife somewhat vnto the /irst X' secoml Rlu'thori(|ue of Tullie. And as I
grew in age, disdayning my parents nicanc estate, and forsaking mine owne iiatiue soyle, I
afli?cted the Courts of kings and princes, and was ilcsiruu.s to be clad in silLe, ami to weare

braue

:4^!f

Ingulphua.

•re, & pala-

iiulicHardcn-

Nonnannio!

unistrantiiiin

ic ad omnia

iliH illustris-

;i('tiis ibidem

m ; quo.squc

ill tam ccIho

I'rr, instabili

Icsiderarcni :

iiiniliis alijs

debita dcuu-

i lain niililcM

iii nostri ro-

•litcs, rqiiilcs

:|iie oiDiiit ad

rosport iiiulla

nrciii ciiis ad-

I indc ptT I,y-

eiimij>i, cum

idcralissiniam

niiiit) nomine,

^' liiniinariiiin

ininini, cpii'kin

U( t lad r\ mas

t'Mi-i Clirisiiis.

•ciida ririiim-

SdiiLiinis dii-

riuitalis, lam

im rc«l.iur,iti()-

i, Miiiicrs.iqiu>

mm lairvniiili

line inntiii.cra

vm.'] a|ipli(iilt,

■omiiuiiavsfiit,

IS. Ft iactaii

uiiain Ktimam

orii martyruin

jpic priiu ipcs

III dicliii.iiilfs

in (Ic tri'iiiiia

ini, & unincs

,' (if Croilaiul,
n, was ill my
[•rward sent ro
rninp of Aris-
lie. And as I
ia»iiio soyle, I
and to wcarc
braiic

fngnlphui.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

brane and costly attire. And ioc, at the same time William our soucreignc king now, but
tlicn Erie of Normandie, with a great troup of followers and attendants came vnto London,
to confcrre with king Kdward the Confessour his kinsman. Into whose company intruding my A, D.ioji.
sclfe, awl proll'cringiny seruicc for the performance of any speedy or weightie aflayres.in short
time, after I had done liiaiiy things with good successe, I was knowcn and most entirely beloued
bv the victorious Eric himselfe, and with him I sayled into Normandie. And there being made
his serrctarie, I gouerncd the Eries Court (albeit with the enuie of some) as my selfe pleased,
yea whom I would I abased, and preferred whom I thought good. When as therefore, being
carried with a youthful heat and lustie humour, I began to be wearie eucn of this place,
wherein I was aduancod so high aboue my parentage, and with an inconstant minde, and affec-
tion too too ambitious, most vehemently aspired at all occasions to climbe higher: there went
a report throughout all Normandie, that diners Archbi.shops of the Empire, and secular princes
were desirous for their soulcs health, and for deuotion sake, to goe on pilgrimage to leru-
salcm. Wherefore out of the family of our lordc the Earle, sundry of vs, both gentlemen
and dcrkes t, principal! of whom was mysclfe) with the licence and good will of our sayd
lord the earle, sped vson that voiage, and trauailing thirtie horses of vs into high Germanic,
we iovned our sclues vnto the Archbishop of Mentz. And being with the companies of the
Bishops seiicn thousand persons sufliciently prnuided for such an expedition, we passed pros-
perously through many prnuinrcs, and at length attained vnto Constantinople. Where doing
rcuerence vnto the Emperour Alexius, we sawe the Church of Sancfa Sophia, and kissed di-
uers sacred reliques. Departing thence fhroui;h Lycia, wc fell info the hands of the Arabian
theeuc-i : and after we had beenc robbed of infinite summes of money, and had lost many of
our people, hardly escaping with cxtreamc danger of our lines, at length wee ioyfully en-
tered into the most wished citie of lerusalem. Where we were recciued by the most rcuerend,
aged, and holy patriarkc Sophronius, with great melodie of cymbals and with torch-light,
and were accompanied vnto the most diuine Church of our Sauiour his sepulchre with a so-
lemne processiiin aswell of .Syrians as of Latines. Here, how many prayers wc vttercd, what
abundance of teiivs we shed, what deepe sighs we breathed foorth, our Lord lesus Christ
onely knoweth. Wherefore being conducted from the most glorious sepulchre of Christ to
visile other sacred monuments of the citie, wc saw with wcejiing eyes a great number of
holv Churches and oratories, which .\chim the Souldan of Egypt had lately (lesfroyed. And
so hauing bewailed with saildc tcares, and most sorowful and bleeding aflections, all the
niincs of that most holy city both within and without, and hauing bestowed money for the
rccdifving of some, wc desired with most ardent deuotion to go forth into the coiintrey, lo
wash our schies in the most sacred riiier of lordan, and to kisse all the steppes of Christ.
Ildwbcii the ilieciiish Araliians lurking vpon eucry way, would not suffer vs to trauell farre
from the city, by reason of their huge and furious nuiltitudcs. Wherefore about the spring
ilicre arriued at the port of loppa a fleet of ships from Genoa. In which fleet (when the
ChristiHii merchants had ixchanged all their wares at the coast towncs, and had likewise
\isiicil the holv places) wee all of vs embarked, committing oursclues to the seas: and being
tossed with many slormes and tempests, at length wee arriued at Hrundusium : and so with a
prosperous iourney irauelling thorow Apulia towards Rome, we there visited the habitations
of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and did rcuerence vnto diners monuments of holy mar-
tyrs in all |)laces thorowout the city. From thence the archbishops and other princes of the
empire trauelling towards the right hand for Alemain, and we declining towards the left
h.iiid for France, departed asunder, taking our leaues with vnspeakable thankes and courte-
sies And so at length, of thirty horsemen which went out of Normandie fat, lusty, and fro-
lique, we returned hither skarse twenty poore pilgrims of vs, being all footmen, and con-
sumed with Icanncsse to the bare bones.

V, •■>

% Diners

%,-^'

'ill

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Culucrt.

I I.

Dilirrs of the honourable family of the Bcaiichamps, with Robert Ciirtoy<i sonnc
of William the Conqueror, made a voyage to lerusalem 109(5. Ho!.'

vol, a.

pas. '2S

POpc Vrbanc calling a counccll at Clermont in Auucrgnc, exhorted the Christian princes
so carne.stly to make a iourney into the Holy land, for the rccoucry thereof out of the Sara-
rcns hands, that the saide great and generall iourney was concluded vpon to be taken in
hand, wherein many noble men of Christendome went vnder the leading of Godfrey of Bou-
illon Si others, as in the Chronicles of Trance, of Germanic, and of the Holy land doetli
more plaincly apjieare. There went also among other diners noble men foorth of this Kcalme
of England, specially that worthily bare the surname of Reauchampe.

The voyage of Gutuere an F.nglish Lady maried to Ralduine brother of CJodfreide
duke of Bouillon, toward lerusalcni about 101)7. And the II. yeere of William
Riil'iis King of England.

Tile Christian armie of Godfrie of Bouillon |)assing the citie of Iconium, alias Agogna in
the coiuilrcy of Licaonia, and from thence by the city of Heraclia, came at length vnio the
citie of Marasia, where they encamped, and suiourned there three whole d.nes, because of
the wife of Balduine brother germane of the duke of Eoraigne. Which Lady being long
time vexed with a grieuous malady, was in extremitie, where at length paung the debt due
to nature, she changed this transitorie lite, for life elernall ; Who, in her life time, was a very
worthy and vertuous Lady, borne in England, and descended of most noble parentage named
Gutuere, Wliicli, according to her degree, was there most honourably enferred, to the great
griefe of all the whole armie. As reporleth William Archbisliop of Tyre, lib. .'J. ca]). 17. lust,
belli sacri. The s.mic author in the 10. bookc & first chapter of the .■.ame historie concernini;
the same English Lady, writctii further as folic. welh, Baldwine hauing foloweil ih*- warres lor
a time, gaue his minde to marriage, so that being in r.iigland he fell in lone uiilia \ery ho-
nourable and noble Lady named Gutuere, whom he nuirried and carii'd with him in that fir-.t
hajjpy expedition, wherin he accompanied his brethren the Lords, duke Godfrey :uid Eu>tace.
pers(Mis \ery commcnilable in all verlue-i and of iniinortall memorie. But he had hard for-
time in his iourney, because his foresaid wife, being wearied with a long sicknes (iiii-lied Itii
life with a happie end necrc the citie of Marasia, before ihe Christian armie tame vnlo An-
tioch, where she was honourably buried, as we haue declared before.

Chronicon Hierosolymitanum in lib. J. cap.y7 mnketh also mention of this Eng-
lish Ladv, which he calleth (iodwer.i in this maner

IIAc in regione Maresch vxor Baldewini nobili>sima, quam de regno Anglia' eduxit, diuiina
corporis molestia aggrauata, & du< i (indefrido conunendala, \itani exhalauit, sejuilta Cailio-
licis obsequijs; cuius nomen erat Godwera.

The same in English.

IN this prouinre of Nfarcsch the most noble wife of Baldwine, which lie caried wiih him
out of England being visited with davlv sicknesses and inf;rmities of body, anil cornniended
to the custody of duke (iodfrey, drparlcd out of this lile, and was buried after the Christian
maner. llcr name wasdodwera.

The voyage of Edgar the sonnr of l^lward which was the sonne of Eilinund "ur-
named Ironside, brother \ntoK. Edward the confc-xir, (being accompanied with
\aliant Robert the sonne of Ciodwin) vnto lerusalem, in the veere of our Lord
\W*. Recorded by William of Malmesburie, lib..'?, histo. fol.'.JH.

\. D. 1102, SVbsrquenti tempore ciim Roberto filio (Jodwini miiile audacissimo r.dgarns Ilierosolii mam
pertendit. lllud fuii teni|)us ipio Tiirci lialdwinuni regcm apud Rainas ol).'>eiierunt : qui cum
obsidionis iniuriam ferre necjuiret, per mcdias hostium acics cdiigit, solius Roberti opera li-

i)eratiis

Guluerf.

Knu-

rros(iIun;iin

It : qui L' II til

rti (ipt'ra li-

licratiis

Etigar. TRAFFIdUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Hh

boratiw prrccuntin, & ciingiiia(o Riadio dcxfra Iciiaquc Turco.s tiiHUiiiiH. Scd cum succewii
ipso (rm ulcntior, alacrilatp nimia procurrcret, enitin manu cxcidir. Ad qiu-in ircolligendum
cum NC iiitlinasscf. omnium iiicursu oppressus, vinculis palmas dcdit. Inde Hahyloiiiam (vt
aiiiiit) ductus, cum Christum almcjjaro iiollct, in medio foro ad signuin positus, & Naxitiis
tcrcbratus, iiiartyrium coiiscriaiiit. Edgariis amisso milite rf>;rcssiis, mnlla(|iu' hcueficia al)
ImpcraloribiH GraTorum, & Alcmannorum adeptus (qiiippfe qui ctiain turn riiiiierc pro
•rfiicris ampliludinc tcntasscnt) omnia pro nafalis Holi dcnidcrio -jircuit. Quosdam ciiim
prorc(t(^ t'allit amor patriiu, vt niliil cis videatur iucundum, nisi coiir^uptiim hau-crint crelum.
Viidi; Ld",'arus fatua cupidinc illusus Angliain rcdijt, vbi (vt supcriiis dixi) diiiorso rortiinae
ludicro ruiatus, nunc rcmotus & tacitus, canos siios in agro consumit.

The same in Eiiglisli.

Al'Vrward ndj;ar being snnno vnto the nephcwe of Edward the conTessour, fraiieilcd with
Kobori the soiiiic of (Jodwin a most valiant knight, vnfo lerusaleni. And it was at the same
lime when thuluiies liesic^etl kin" Haidwiii at Kama: who not being able to endure the straight
sioj;e, was liv the heipe of Itcibi it especially, going before him, and with his drawcii sword
making a lane, and slaving the Turkes on his right hande and on his left, deliuered out of
that danger, and escaped through the midst of his enemies campe. But vpon his happiesuc-
ccsse beiiii; more cigcr and fierce, as he went forward somewhat too hastily, his sworde fell
out of his jiaiul. Willi li as he stoiiped to take vp, being oppressed with the whole multitude,
hee was there taken and bound. From whence (as some say) being carried vnto Babylon or
Alcairin Ilgypt, when he would not renounce Christ, he was lyed vntoa stake in the midst of
the market place, and being siiot through with arrowes, died a martyr. Edgar hailing lost
his kniulit returned, and being honoured with many reward-- both by the (ireekish and by
the CicrinaineKinperour (who both of them would right gladly haue entertained him slil for
his great nobiliiie) contemned all things in respect of his natiiie soile. For in very deede
some are so inueagled with the loue of their countrey, that nothing can sceme pleasant vnto
them, vnles.se they breath in the same aire where they were bred. Wherefore Edgar being
misledde with a fond alVection, returned into England ; and aftcrw ird being subiect vnto di-
ners changes of fortune (aswehaiic aboiie signilied) he spendetli'now hisextreeme oldc age whm iht au-
in an obsnire and iiriiiatc iilace of the countrey. ihnr wn wii.

' ' ■' tin^ffthis

Mention made of one (Joilericiis, a valiant Englishman, who was with his ships ^ul«'y■

in the vovage vnto tiie llnK land in the second yeere of lialdwine King of lerusa-
lem, in the third yere of Henry the first of England.

Cllronicon nierosolvmitanum lib. 9. cap. 9. Veriim de hine septcm diebus euolutis rex
ab .\ssiir exicMs, nanciii (iiiie dicitur Buza ascendit, & cum eo (Jodericiis pirata de regno An-
glise, ac vexillo lia^lii- |)r;e(i\o tV clato in aere ad radios solis vsqut>, Lqihet iiim paucis na-
iii;;auii, vt hoc eius sigiio ciues Chrisiiani recognito, lidiiciam vil.c regis haberent, it not) facile
hostiii minis paiiefacti, tiirpiter difliigiiim faccrent, aut vrbem rcdilere logerentur. .Sciehat
eniin cos miilluin de vita & s.ilute eius desperare. Saraceni aiiie viso eius signo, iV recog-
nito, ea jiarie qiia^ vrliein iMUigio cingebat illi in galeis viginii iV Carinis tredccim, quas
vulgc appell.int Ca/h, occurrerunt, volentes Bii/.am regis ciTonare. .Sed Dei aiixilio vndis
maris illis ex aduerso tiiincscentibiis ac reluctantibus, Bii/a autem regis fai ill, & agili cursii
inter procetlas labente, ac voliiante, in portu lopp.-E delusis hostibiis siibito atluit, sex ex Sa-
racenis in arcu siio in nauicula percussis, ac vulneratis. Inlrans ita(|ue ciuitaiem diiin in-
eolumis omnium pateret oculis, reuixil spiritiis cunctoriim gementiiiiii <!v' de eius morte hac-
teniis diilentiuin. eo (juod caput iV rex Christianoruin & princeps llierusalem adhnc viuus &
incoluinis receptussit.

The .same in English.

BVt seiien daycs afterward, the King comming out of the towne of Assur entrcd into a
sliippe called a Bussc, and one Godericke u pirate of the kingdomc of England witii him, and

fayleninir

¥i

*» — ■

■"^^r^

" -I'

(ft

VOYAOKS, NAUIGATIONS,

ItitrtUnf.

faiiriiiii); his banner on the toppr of a ^pcarr, uiul holdinK it vp niort in (he airr n^ainst (lit*
bcamrs nr the Stiiinr, Mailed vntn laphrt with a Ninall company ; Thai the Chriilian ('iti/cn^
there Neeinj; thix his kinncr, niij^ht conreiue hope that the King was yet liiiinK> and hv\\\%
not caxily terrified with the threatcs of the cnemie.t might Mhamel'iilly riinne away, or be ron-
slrained to yeeld vp the citie. For hee knew that they were very much out of' hope of hi*
life and Nafetic, The Saracens seeing and knowing thiN his banner, that part of them which
cnuironed the Citie by water made towards him with twentie (tallies and thirtecne shippes,
which they commonly cal Cazli, sw'king lo inclose the Kings shippe. Hut, by (lods helpc
the biilowes of the Sea swelling ami rauiiig against them, and the Kings shippe gliding and
passing through the wanes with an easie and nimble course arriued suddenly in the haiien
ofIopi)a, the enemies frustrated of their purpose; and hixe of the Sar.ircns were hurt and
Koun<led by shot nut of the Kings •.hj|)p(v So that the King enleiiiis; into the ('itlr, and
nnwc appearing in safetie in all their sighies, the spirits of all them that mourned lor him,
and vntil then lamented as though hee had bene <lead, reuiued, because ih;it the head and
King of the Christians, and prince of Icrus;ilen\ was yet aliuc, and come againe vnto them in
perfect health.

^[ention made of one Ilardine of England one of the rhicfe-.t personages, and
a leader among other of two lunulrcil »aile of »hi])s of Christians tli.it laniled at
b ppa in the yccre of our Lord {iixl I Khi.

CHronicon llierosolymilanuin liliro *.). cap. II. Inlerea diim h.rc obsidio ageretiir 'iOO.
naues Christiaiiornm naiiigio bippen appnis.-r sunt, vt adorarent in llierusaleni. Ilorum Her-
nardus Witrazh de terra (lalati.i-, llardinns de Anglia, Otho de Uoges, Iladewerck, vnns de
pra-potentibus W'estfalonnii, priini iV iliictnres fnisse rei'eruntiir, Sn\ Krat autem tenia feri.i
Iiilij mcnsis, qiiamlo hie Cliristianorum copin-, Deo protegente, liur nauigin angustialis \.'
obsessis ad optm collal.T sunt. Sarrarenornm auten iiirnur, videnles (piia ('hristianoniin
virtus audacter facie ad fariem viciiio sibi hospifin proxinw^ iiinnebainr, media norte orbi in-
cnmbente, amoiis tentorijs amplins iiiilliari subtracta* consederiint, dum luce exorta consilium
inirent, vtrum Ascalonem redirent, aiit cines laphet rrebris as>uliibus vcxarent.

Tiie same in F.nglisli.

Wlliie tlieSarazens rontiniud tli< ir siege agani>t b'ppa, two hundred saile of Christian ship*
arriued at l(>p|>a, that tliey niii;lit iirrforine their lU-uoiions at Ilierii^alein. The rliiefe mm
and leader* of these (.'liri«tians arc reported to liaue bene : Bernard Witrazh of the land of
(ialatia, Ilardine of Knglaiul, Oilio of Koiies, Iladerwcrck one of the i liiefe noble men of
Westphalia, iVc. This Christian power through Gods speciall iirouision, :irriiieil here for the
sueroiir and relief'e of the distressed iV besieged Christians in lnjipa, the iliird day of liilv,
Wytl. and in the secoiul yeere of Haldwineking of lerusalem. Whereupon ilie inullitiuleof
ilie Sara/ens, seeing that the Christian power iovncd themseliies Imldly, close by them eiien
lace to fare in a lodging hard by them, the vcrv next night at midnight, remooiied their tenis,
:nid jiitched them more then a mile oil', that they might the next morning bee adiiised whether
tliev should relume lo Ascalon, or by often assaults vexe the citizens f)f laphet.

Chronicon Ilierosolyiuitanum, eodem librol). cap. Vi. conlinucth this lii>torie of these two
hundreih saile of ships, and sheweih how by their prowesse chiefly, the miillilude of the Sa-
ra/ens were in short space \anquislicd and onerthrowen : The words are tliesc ; Ab ipso venN
die tenia.' I'eri.e dinn sic in siiperbia iv elalione su.i- miiltiludinis iniinobijes Sarareni persisle-
reiit, \' inultisarniornni terroribiis Christianum populuin vexareni, «exta leri.i appropiiu|nanle.
Hex Haldwiniis in tiibis {si comibiis a laphet egrediens, in nianii mbiisia etpiituiii iV peditiim
viriiitcm illnnnn ( riidcli l)ello esi .iLigressus, niagnis hinc & hiiic clainoribiis inlonanies. CIitk-
ti.mi (Hi'(|ue inii ii.iuigio appiiisi sunt hurribili pariter claniore ciiin Hege H.ildwino, iV •iraui
stre])ilii \o(ilerant('-, liabylonios vehemenii pugna sunt aggre.ssi, sjeuissimis al(|; nuiriiferis
plagis eos adiigeiites. donee bello fatigali, iV- vltrii\im iion susiinentes liigam versus Asca-
Iniiea inierunt. Alij veroab insccutoribus eripi cxistinianies, & niari se credentes, intole-

rabili

llartUne.

iK-iii)><t tlip

tiaii ('iti/.c'iiN

{, niid l)ciiif(

y, (ir be cdii-

r hope of \\\*

tliiMii which

rnc »hippcs,

(>()(U hclpc

^lidiiiK •*'"'

ri the hniicii

re hurl mill

' ('ilio, niid

iird tor him,

lie head nnd

iito thorn ill

('•>, and
iidcd at

Kcrptiir 'iO<).
Ilorum IUt-
rck, vims Ac
in fprfia r«'ri,i
nyU'Jtialis i>v
hn-'tianoniin
lorli" nrlii iii-
rfa consihiiin

hristian vhips
■ rliiiTf men
the land of
>1)U" mrii of
htTf lor lh«'
ilay of Iiilv,
inullitiidc (if
' thrm <'ii<'n
I thfir tcni-,
i>cd wh<'ilirr

r)f thc-r two
Ic of ihfSa-
\h ipso von^
mi pcrsisle-
•opiiKliianti'.
iV pcdiliiin
inic.'*. ChrK-
lU), \ uraiii
|; iiinriifcii'i

ITMIs .\>(;i-

\\c<, intolc-
rahili

A HtfU ifr. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

rahili prorellarnm flue fiiationc abiorpli ttiinl. E« "i** tiuita-i loppc cum hahitatoribiii wiw li-
bcrata ctt. rciidcrunt hac die fria inillia Saraccnonim : Chrwtianoriim vcr6 paiici pcriJMC
iiiiirnii huiiI,

The xamc in EngliHii.

YF.t notwiih«tandinj{, after rhc said thinl day of Iiily, the Sarazenfi perxinied hi};h minded
and insolent, b) reason of their jjreat multitude, and much annoied the Chrisitian people
with their many fore cable and terrible weapons ; whcreu|)on, on theHixtday of luly early in
the mornin;; kinj; Haldwine isMied out of I.iphet, his trumpets and cornets yeeldin;,' a ureal
and lowd sound, and with a very strong armie as well of horsemen as foolemen, who on euery
"ide makin){ preal shoutesand outcries, with fierce and sharj)cbalfcll set on the mainc power
of their enemiei. The Christians also who arriued in the nauie, rearing great clam'Uirs and
noyses, with loud voices muX shoutings in horrible wise together, wi^li king Haldwine assauli-
ed likewise with strimi', battc II the Rabylonians, and afllic cd 'hem wi»h most sor. iind ','e.ndly
WdUiuN, Miiill iheSara/.cns being wearied widi fighting, iic.r ilile li: i,;.i f t.. . ulurc and hold
out against the vahue of the Christians, Med towa"''.s Asi„ in. /I'l.. oii^'of them hoping
to escape Crnin them that pursued them, iept inl', ''".' .-.•i-i, ..ltd wore '.^^.tl >wed vn iii the
wanes thereof. And so the cilie of loppa with «h- :nh;it>ir.int< th«-''r)i uere freed of their
enemies. There were slaiiie this day three thousand .^ara/.tji; ■ ■•\i;(i !>',i a few of the Chriitian«
perishe<l.

A I'leete of Knglishnien, .Oanes, and Flep.v.TiinKi. 'trn.ied ii •.•>iipa in (he H'-ly
lainl, the seiieiilli yeere of Haldwine the si > n, d ling if MuT'iclvni. '.*'riit.i»
in the lie);inning of the tenth bimke of "ii- C'litii.-ii'-ir if iliciusaleni, y:- ilv 'i.
viire of Henry the lirst of Ungland.

(•..p. I.
.\r the sime time also in the scuenth veer" - ' !' ?■ r.u'cne of "-.(awine (lie Ciihclikf 'Im,;.
(if llierii>alem, a \erv yre.it warrellke T'een' of <lic Calhol >• ■• ii.'tion '.'.J Mi'.;iai,l, »■, t' (»
number of about seiie ihnus.ind, IkimIiij; will) them morv . wu iii" varre «■! ll<e s'dgiij .1
of Deninaike. of l''l.iii(lers ai\il of .Xntwerpc, arriued with siiips w'nifh they i.iil Busses, at
the hau( M of the i ilie of laplief, deleriiii'inig thcr.' tu make i*'eir p'lO'le, vntill they h.uii'ni
oht. lined the kinu-i liieiKC and «afecon.lii( t, might x.-fely worship .a llii-a<s.i!cm. Ot" ;'.hic(i
nauie the (iiiefe-l ami best spoken repairing to the kin;, -!pa',.e iwiiiui in th.s m.iner. C'iris'
prest rue the Kii)i;s life, and prosper his kingdor.v friin dav to il.iy ; Vt ct.-, hcinj; men &
Roiililioiirs id" Christian profession, haue, ihrougl* '!'" iieipe of li(>d, sa, led 'lithrr tiireu/jli
migliiie and large seas, from ilie farre coiinirejs .,( V.nj-lanii, I'lan'K'rs, ami Denmark*', ffi
worship at lerns.dem, and la visit the seinilchre ol' our I.ort'. Aii.l (!»erefor«^ wr nv .i.s.se.?n-
bled to iiilreat your ( lemrni y touching the matter, that '•'v Nour i',;in.ur ai'.d 'aft eondui, w\>
may peaceably goe v[) tc Icnisalein, ana worsiiip there, and so rc'iinu\

Chap. y.

T!Ie king fanourablv hearing their whole petition, '.T.urcl viitci them a stron ' buul ifmc.i
to condurl them, whii h brought them s.ifei'. (V>ini .ol assaults .ri, I '•nlnishcs o' tie (/entiles
bv the knnwen waves vnfo lertisalem and all other piaics of dciirtion After tlwt thtse ])il-
griins, \' new Christian strangers were broii/fi! nit ht. ihey Dllering \nlo our Lord their
vowes in the temple of the holv sepulchre, rcu.r.ed '.;t;i ;re.it i ■•>, ani, without .'■II let vnto
lop[)a ; where finding the king, they vowed that they would a-si: t him in all 'hings, which
shmild seeme good vnto him ; who, grt ■ t!v nr, mending 'he men, and coinman(ling them
to be well entertained with hospitr'iiy '.iswiied that he loul.l not on the sudden answere to
•his point, Milill that after he had ci:'--'! iiis 11. 'lies logether, he had consulted with my lord
the I'atriaifh what was mos» me •. .-.iid ir.n'. enient to be done, and not to trouble in vaine so
willing .11, ariny. And i'iT».'rore rdlcr a few daves, callijig vnto him my lord the Patriarch,
Hugh of Tabvri;, Cuiif'ide the keeper and lieutenant oTihe tower of Dauid, and the other

chic lest

fii

t i>'i

■I

'i.
I'm '\

y I,

48 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, .1 Flcetc S^c.

rhiefcst men of warro, he determined to haue a meeting in the city of Raines, to consult
with tlicin what was best to be done.

Chap. .'{.

WHo, being assembled at the day appointed, and proposing tlicir diners <)i)inions <!v. iiuljje-
nicnts, at lenjjth it seemed best vnto the whole company to i)esieue the city Sagilla, which
is also called Sidon, if peradnentiire, through God's helpe, and by the strength of this new
army, by land and sea it niigiit be ouercome. Whereupon all they \Nhi( h were there present,
and required that this city should be besieged, because it was one of those cities of the
Gentiles which continually rebelled, were commended, and admonished of the king euery
one to go home, and to furnish themselues with things necessary, and armour for this expe-
dition. Euery one of them departed home; likewise Hugh of Tabaria departed, beingachiefe
man of warre against tiie innasions of the enemies, which could neuer be wearied day nor
night in the countie of the Pagans, in pnr<(ning them with warre and warlike stratagcmes all
ihc dayes of his life. Immediatly after this consultation the king sent ambassadours to all the
multitude of the English men, rc(iuiring them not to rcmoue their campe nr)r fleet from tiie
city of laphet, but quietly to attend the kings further commandement. The same embassa-
dours also declared vnto the whole armv, that the king and all his nobility had determined
to besiege and ass;iult the city S.igitta by sea and by land, and that their lielpc and forces
would there be needl'ull ; and that for this purpose, the king and the patriarch were comming
downe vnto the city of Acres, and that they were in building of engins, and warliiKe instru-
ments, to inuade the walles and inh:d)itants thereof; and that in the meane season they were
to remaine at laphet, \nlill the kings further commandement wcreknowen. Whereupon they
all agreed that it should so be ilotie according to the king's commandement; and answered
that thev woulil attend his dircclions in the Hauen of laphet, & would in all points be obe-
dient vnto him vnto the deatli.

Chap. 4.

THe king came downe to .\cres with the patriarch, and all his family, building, and making
thereby the spaceof lorlie (l:i\cs engins, and many kindesof warlike instruments; and ap-
pointing all things to be made perfectly ready, which seemed to be most conuenient for the
ass;uiiting of the citv. Assoone as this purpose and intent of the king was come vnto the
care- of the inhabitanN of Sagiiia, and that an inuincible power of men of warre was ar-
riued at lapliei to hcipf ihe king, thev were greiitly astonicd, fearing that by this meanes,
thev should be consumed and subdued by the king by dint of sw<ird, as other cities, (o wit,
C'a-saria, ;\-sur, .Acre-, ('a\])h.i-., and Tabaria were vanquished and subdued. And therefore
l.iying their heads together, thev promised to the king by secret mediaiours, a mighty mas.sc
(if monev ol a coviie c.dled Hvzantines; and that further Miev would yecrelv pay a great tri-
bute, ypon ( iindiiion tiiat ceasing to besiege and inuade their city, he would spare their lines.
Whereupon these husjneses were handled from day to day bctweene the king and the ( iii/ens,
:ind they soilic itcd the king for the ransomming both of their city and of their lines, proll'ering
lum from time to time more greater gifts. .And the king for his part, being carcfull and per-
|)le\ed for the paynient of the wages which he ought vmo his souKliers, barkened wholy vnto
this oU'er ot monev. llowbeit because he feared the Christians, least they should lay it to h'n
' h:irgc as a fault, he durst not as \ct meddle with the same.

Chai:

;».

IN tl>e me:ine space Hugh n( Tabaria being sent for, accompanied with the troopcs of two
hundred horsemen and foure hundred footmen, inuaded the coinitrcy of the Grosse Carle
called Suet, \ery rich in gold and sillier most abundant in cattle frontering vpon the toun-
trie of the Damascenes, where lice tooke a pray of inestimable riches and cattle, which
.might banc sullised him for the besiege of Sagitta, whereof he ment to impart liberally to
the king, and his companie, 'fhis pray being gathered out of sundry places thereabout, and

beiiti;

Mi>

Athclard.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIE.S.

beiiiR led away as farrc as the cilie of Beliiias, which they call Cassaria Philippi, the Turkes
which dwelt at Damascus, together with the Saracens inhabitants oC the countrie pcrceiuing
this, (lucking cii all partes tojicther by troopes, pursued Hughes companie to rescue the pray,
and j)asscd foortli as farre as the liiountaines, ouer which Hughes footcmcn did driue the
pray. There beganne a great skirmish of both partes, the one side made resistance to keepe
the pray, the other indcuoured with all their might to recouer it, vntill at length the Turkes
and Saracens preuailing, the pray was rescued and brought backc againe: which Hugh and
his troopes of horsemen, suddenly vnderstanding, which were on the side of the mountaines,
incontinently rid backe vpon the spurre, among the straight and craggie rockes, skirmishing
with the enemies, and succouring their footemen, but as it chanced they fought vnfortu-
nately. For Hugh, being vnarmcd, and immcdiatly rushing info the midilcst of all dangers,
;uid after his woontcd manner ituiading and wounding the infidels, being behinde with an
arrowc shot through the backe which pierced thorough his liuer and brest, he gaue vp the
ghost in the handes of his ownc people. Hereupon the troopes of the Gentiles being re-
turned with the recouercd prav, and being deuided through the secret and hard passages of
the craggie hillcs, the souUliers brought the dead bodie of Hugh, which they had put in a
litter, into the citic of Na/.arcth, which is by the mount Thaber, where with great mourning
and lamentation, so worthie a prince, and valiant champian was honourably and Catholikely
interred. The i)rotlifr of the said Hugh named Gerrard, the same time lay sicke of a grieu-
ous disease. Which hearing of the death of his brother, his sickne.sse of his body increasing
more vchemenilv throug'i griefe, he also deceased within eight dayes after, and was buried
by his brother, alter Christian mancr.

Cliap. G.

AlMcr the lainent.ible burials of these so famous Princes, the King, taking occasion of the
death of these priiici|)all men of his armie, agreed, making none priuie thereto, to receiue
(he money which ^^as ollcred him for his diflerriiig od'the siege of the citie of .Sagitta, yet
(lisscnibling to make ])ea<e with the Saracens, hu- that he ment to go through with the worke,
lliat he had begiinne. Whereupon sending a message vnto laphef, hee aduised the English
sDiildiers to come downe to Acres with their flecte, and to conferre and consult with him
touching the besieging and assaulting of ilie <itie of Sagitta, which rising immediatly vpon
the kings commauiiilenicnt, and luorlhwilh hoysing vp the sayles of their shippes aloft with
|>en(iants and stremers of pur|)Ie, and diuerse other glorious colours, with their fiagges of
scarlet colour and silke, came tliither, and casting their ancres, rode hard by the citie. The
king flic next day calling vnto him such as were priuie & acquainted with his dealings,
opiMied his griel'c vnto the chicre ("aplaines of the English men and Danes, touching the
slaughter of Hugh, and the death of his brother, and what great conlidence he reposed in
them concerning these warrcs: and that nowe therefore they being departed and dead, lie
nui-t of necessity diUcrie tlie besieging of Sagitta, \: for this time dismisse the armie assem-
blcil. This resolution of the king being spred among the people, tiic armie was tlissolued,
aiul the I'.nglishinen, Danes ami Flemings, with s.mIcs and oares going aboard their (leete,
s.iulted the king, and returned home vnto their natiue countries.

The trauailes of one Aihelard an Englishman, recorded by master Hale Centur. 2.

ATholan'.us Hathoniensis Coenobij monachus, naturalium rerum niysteria, & causas
omnes, diligenti;\ tam vndecun(pie exquisit;\ perscnitatus est, vt cum aliquibus veteris
'cculi philosophis non indigni^ conferri possit. Hie olim spcctalir indolis Adolesccns, vt
virenteailhiic .etate iuuenile ingenium ftrcundaret, atquc ad res magnas pararct relicta duici
p'.tria longinqii.H petijt regiones. Cum ver6 .llgvptuiii & Arabiam peragrans, plura inuen-
issel, qu.'c eiiis desiderabat aninuis, cum magno labonnn, ac literaruni lucro in Angliam turn
dcnium reuertehatiir. Ciaiuit anno virginci partus, 1130. Henrico prime rcgnante.

■V,

'71. L

The

' \i

P i

-I^

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Ketenenaia.

The same in English.

AThelard a Monke of the Abbie of Bathe was so dili;jent a searcher of the secrets, and
causes of naturall things, that he deserueth worthely to be compared witii some of the aun-
cient Philosophers. This man although young, yet being of a good wit. and being desirous
to increase and enrich the same with the best things, and to prepare himselfe as it were for
greater matters, left his Countrey for a time, and trauailed into forreine Regions. He went
through Egypt, and Arabia, and found out many things which he desired to his owne pri-
uate contentment, and the profite of good letters generally, and so being satisfied, returned
againe into his Countrey : he flourished in the ycere 1 1.30. Henry tiie tirst being then king
of England.

H The life and trauaijcs of one William of Tyre, an Englishman. Centur. 13.

HicttiimCui- GVliclmus, Ecclcsia^ Doniinici scpulrhri Hierosoiymac Kcgulariuni Canonicorum prior,
Su',ub I'lcn-' "''''""C Angiicus vir vita & moribus comendabilis, Anno Dom. ll'iH. postquam Tyrorum
ricgprimo. Ciuitas lidci Christiana; restituta est nCiuimundo Hierosolymoruni patriarch;!, eidom vrbi pri-
mus Arrhiepiscopus pncficicbatur. Est aulcm Tyrus ciuitas antiquissima, Phcrniria; \ni-
uersa; .Metropolis, qua^ inter .Syriie prouincixs, & bonorum omnium pewb. comnioditate, &
incolarum frequcntia primuin soniprr obtiniiit locum: post ronscripta quiedum opusciila, &
E])istolas, nd Dominum miu;raiiit. An. Chrisli 1 130. quuni duolxis lantuin srdissel annis, &
in Tyrensi Ecclesia sepelitur.

The same in I'Miglish.

William the Prior of the Canims Hoj;iiIar in the Church of Icnisaieni, called the Lord.*
Sepulchre, w;ls an Englishman ijoriie, and of a verlnons and good bchauiour. .After th.it the
Cilio of Tyre was restored agaiiie to the Christian faith, Guiinundi- the Patriarkc of leru-
salcm made him the lirsl Arthbisiiop of Tvre, in the yeerc I I'iH Which Tyre is a very an-
cient Citie, the Motropulis of all Pho'niiia, and hath bene accoinptcil the chiolcst Proiiinrc
of .Syria, both for fruitful conimodiiifs and multitude of inhabitants. This William hauing in
his life written nianv Hookcs and l-.pi-lles, died at last iti 'ic yeere I l.iO. hauini; bene Arch-
bishop the space of two \eercs, and was buried in the Ciiiirch of Tyre.

The trauailes of Hobertus Ketenensis.

RObertus Ketenensis natione & cognomine Anglus, degustaiis primnm per Anglorum
gymnasia humananun artium dementis literarijs, vltramarinas statim visitare proiiincias in
animo constituii: Peragrati^ ergo Gallijs, Italia, Dalmalia, iSi Gr,Tcia, turn dcmum i)erueiiii
in A-iam, vbi not) paruo lahore, ac vitit su.x- periculo inter Saracenos truculeniissimum hoini-
num genus, Arabiram linguam ad amussim didicit. In llis|ianiani postea nauigio tradurtus,
cin a thulium Hiherinn Astrologic.-c arti.s studio, cum Herniaimo quodam Dalmata, ni.igni sui
itineris comitc se totum dedif. Claruit aiuu) seruatoris nosiri, 1143 Slephano regnautc, \"
Painpilona; sepelitur.

The sniTie in Ennlisli.

THis Robert Ketenensis was called an Englishman by surname, ns he was bv birth : who
after some time spent in the foundations of huinanitie, and in the elements o( godd Artes in
the Vniuersiiics of England, determined to irauaile to the partes beyond .sea: and so
trauailed through IVance, Italic, Dalinalia, and (Jrecce, and came at last into Asia, where
he lined in great danger of his life amiuig the cruell Saracens, but vet learned perfectly the
Arabian tongue. Afterwar !es he returnei! Iiy sea into Spaiiie, and there about the riuer
Ibcrus, gaue him selfe wholy to the studie ol' A-trologic, with one llernianiuis a Dalmatian,
who had accompanied him in his long \oyagc lie (iourished in the yeerc 1 143. Steuen
being then King of England, anil was buried at l'am|)ilona.

A voyage

Clir»il !ub
Strphino.

Ketenenais.

ecrets, aiul
)f the aiin-
ng desirous
it were for
He went
ownc pri-
ll, returned
r thcu king

13.

orum prior,
in Tyrorum
cm vrl)i pri-
ORriiriic vni-
nodilntc, &
)pu-iiula, &■
icC annis, iS.

cil the I.ord.i
it'ter that the
rkc of leru-
s a very an-
cst Frouinre
mi !iauin)r in
1 bene Arch-

er An};loriiMi
proiiiticias in
linn periieiiii
simiiin homi-
i;io tradiirttis,
ta, iria^ni ^ui
regnaiitc, (Si-

If l)irfh : who
^ood Artcs ill

xra : and so
) Asia, where

perfectly tlie
l)out the riiier
i a Dalmatian,
1143. Steueii

A \oyaj;c

IVit. Mandcuile.

TIIAFFIQ.UES, AND DISCOUERIES.

A voyage of cerfaine English men vnder the conduct of Lewes king of France

vnto the Holy land.

TAnta5 expcdilionis cxplicito ai>p:i,'atu vterque princeps iter arripuit, & exercitu II47.
scpartito. Impcrator cnim Conradiu pri -cedebat itinere aliquot dierum, cum Italumm, Gcr- Tempore rtgi';
manoruin, aliaruinquc gentium ampl'ssmi.s copijs. Rex vero Lodnuicus .sequebatur Fran-^"'''"'''
corum, Flandrensium, " Normannorum, Britonum, Anglorum, Burgi'ndionum. Prouincia-
liuin, Aqiiitanorum, cquesiri simu! & pcdestri agmine comitatus. Gulielmus Neobrigensii),
fol. 371.

The .same in English.

BOlh the princes prouisioii being made for so great an expedition, they seuering their
armie.x, entered on their iourney. For the Empcrour Conradus went before, certaine dayes
iouriiey, with very great power of Italians, Germans, and other countreys. And king
Lewes followed after accompanied with a baud of horsemen and footmen of French
men, Flcmmings, Norinan.s, Britons, English men, Burgundions, men of Prouence, and
Gaijcoiiis.

Tlie voyage of lohn Lacy to lerusalem.

ANno Domini 1172 fiindala fiiit abb; lia de Stanlaw per dominum lohannem Lacy Consta- 117.t.
bularium Cestria; & dominum dc ilalton qui obijt in Terra sancta anno sequenti: qui fuit
vicessimus annus rcgni regis Hcnrici seciiudi.

The same in Engli>h.

IN the y"r'- of our Lord 1 17'i was founded the abbey of Stanlaw by the lord lohn Lacy
Consiabl" of Chester, & lord of Halton, who deceased in the Holy land the yere following;
whi(h was in the twentieth yere of king Henry the .second.

The voyage of William Mandcuile to lerusalem.

William Mandcuile earle of Essex, with diners English lords and knights, went to the Holy
land in the '24 yere of Henry the second. Holinshed pag. 101. 1177.

English men were the guard o( the Emperours of Constantinople in the reigne
of lohn the sonne v\' .\le\ius ("oinnenus. Malmesburiensis, Curopolata and
Camden, ppg. 9(».

lAin inde Anglia non minus belli glori.i, qiiam huinanitatis cuitu inter Florcntissimas
nrbis ("liristiani gentcs inprimis floruit. Adeo \t ad custodiam corporis Constantinopo-
litniiorum Imperatorum euocati fuerint Aiigli. loannes enim .\lexij Comneni filius, vt re-
fer! noster Malmesburiensis, eorum lidem susjiiciens pnecipue famiJiaritati suae applicabat,
amorem eorum hlio transcribens: Adeo vt iaiu inde longo tempore liierint imperatorum illoruin
satellites, Inglini Hipennileri Nicetif ('hoiiial.T, Barangi Curopolat;e dicli. Qui vbiq; Im-
[UTatorem prosequcbantur fercntes humeris secures, ipias tollebant, cum Imperator ex ora-
tcirio s|)ecian(luni se exhibebat, .\nglicc viiam diuturnam secures suas coUidentes vt sonitum
edcrent, comprecabanlur.

The same in English.

FRom this time forward the kiii<;dome of England was reputed amongsit the mo.st flourish-
ing esiaics of Christendome, no lesse in chiualrie then huinanitie. So farforth that the En-
i^Iish nun were sent for to be the uinrders of the persons of the Emperours of Constanti-
nople. I'lir lohn the sonne of Alexius Comnemis, as our countreyman William of Malmes-
burie repcirtitli, hjolily esteeming their fidelity, vsed them \ery nere about him, recom-
mending them ciier to his sonne: so that long time alierwards the guard of those Emperours
were English linMnTdicrs, ciiled bv Nicct.ns (.'lioniata, Inglini Bipenniferi, and bv Curopo-

II 2 ' lata.

:jh

I' i

\u^^-

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

JMamicl.

:«*

lata, Barangi, which alwayes accompanied the Kmpcrour with their halberds on their shoulders,
which they held vp when the Emperoiir comming from his Oratorie shewed himselfe to the
people; and dashins; their halberds together to make a terrible sound, they in the English
tongue fviiihed vnto him long life.

A great supply of money to the Holy land by Ilcnry the 2.

THe same yeere King Henry the second being at Wallham, assigned an aide (o the
maintenance of the Christian souldiers in the Holy lande, That is to wit, two and
fortie thousand marks of siluer, and line hundred markes of golde. Nrntth, Pari;-, and
Holens. pag. lOj.

A letter written from Manuel the Empcrour of Constantinople, vnto Henrie the
second King of England, Anno Dom. II77. wherein mention is made that
rertaine of king Henries Noble men and ^■■bjecls were ])resent with the sayd
Emperoiir in a iKittell of his against tht Soldan of Iconiiim. Hecorded liy
Roger Houcden, in Annaliuin parte posteriorc. in regno Hen. 2, fol, .'Hti,
\' ^{17.

EOdcni anno Manuel Conslantinopoliianus ini|)erai()r, habito prielio can'pestri cum Spl-
tano IconiJ i^- illo devi<'to, in hac I'orrna scripsit Domino regi Anglia\

Manuel in ("hrislo deo I'orphyrogenitu-i, diuiniliis roroMalu><, siiblimis, potcns, cxcclsU"'.
semper Augustus, & moderator Honianorum, Coinnenus, Henrico noiiili>'.imo rcgi Aiigjia",
charissiino aiiiico sui>, >;iUiicin \ oiniii' iioniini. Ciiin im|)eriiim nostrum nccc^sariuni re-
pulct iiotilicare lil)i, \t ililcdo ainico suo, de oiiiiiilius (piu' sii bueniuni; iiiio iV- de liis
qua- nunc aciideruni ei, opjioilununi iudicauit (icchir.irc tua^ \olunt.iti. iiiiiur a principio
coronationis nomine imperiinn iio-lrum aduersus dei inimiccs Persas notruni odium in corde
juitriuit, dum ccrncret illos in Ciiristianos gloriari, eleuari(|ue in nonien dei, iV; Chris-
tianorum iloniinari rcsjioMilMi-;. (iuo circa ^- alio (juidem tempore indill'ercutcr iiuia>it cos,
»!v prout deus ci concessit, sic iV fecit. Et jpi.c ab ip-;o irei|iicntcr patrai.i sunt ad contri-
tioncm ipsorum i^ pcrditioucin, impcrium uostriun credit iiobilitatcin lu:iin lion latere.
Quoniam autein &• nunc ina\inuim cxcrcitiiin contra cos ducere proposuil, \: bcllum contra
oniiiem I'ersidcm moiicrc, (piia re* cogeb:it. Kt iioii \t voluif multinn alicpiem apparatiim
fecit, sicut ei visum est. Veruiitunen prout lempus dabat iV.: rerum statu-, |)('ti'ntcr co-.
inuasit. Collcgit ergo circa -c impcrium nostrum potciitia^i siias ; sed (piia carpcuta diu c-
bat armonun, & niachiii.irum, i^i .iliiiruin instriimcniirum conl'erenlium < iiiitaium expugna-
lionibu-i, poiidcra |)ortantia: i(l( irco nc(|uaquam ciun I'c^tiMaiioiie iter suinn agore potent.
Amplius autcm di'in adhiic propriain regionem penigraret, antecpiam b.irl)arorum ali(|iii-( ad-
uersus uos militarct in bellis aduersarius, .egritudo dilliiillima fiuxus \eniris invasit nos, ip i
ditl'usus per agmiua imperij nosiri j>erlransil)al, depopiilando <.V iiiteriineiido multos, oiniii
pugnatore grauior. Kt hoc malii inualescens inaxime nos tontriuit. V.\ <iuo vt ro lines Tiir-
coruin inuasimus, bclia quidem pri.num fre<pientia concrepabant, (."s: agmnia Tinccruni cum
cxercitibus imperij nostri vnditpie <limicabaiit. .Sed Dei gratia ex Into a tiostris in ('ui;:iin
vertebantiir barbari. P()>t sero \bi ei qui illic adjacet aiigusti;e loci, qua' a I'trsis nominatur
Cibrilcimam, propinquauimu-, tot Per>iaruni turma- pcdiluin iSi e(|iiitiini, iiuorum pl»ia(|ue
ab intcrioribus partibus l»(rsi(lis occurrcranl in adiutorium conlnliuliiiin suorum, ixcn itui
no.siro superueneriint, (plot peiu"" no-itrorum exccdercnt nuincrum lAcrcitu itaque iinpeiij
nostri propter vi;e oiniiino aiigiistiain iV diflii iilt.item, v-q ; ad dec em niilliaria extenso ; iV
I iim neqtie cpii pr.eibant posseni |)o-.treiniis dcfcndcre, necpie \er-a vice rui>u> posireuii
pii>*-(Mit pnreuntes iiiiiare, non mediocriter ab iniiiccm lio>i dist.uv ac i idii. Sane |)riiiia' co-
bortes per r.ultum ab a( ie imperij nosiri diuidcbantiir, p wtrcmariim oblita', illas no'i pni'-
«tolaniev Quoniam igiiur 'riircnruni aninina ex iam I'.ii li- pr.elijs cognouerant, non con-
ferre sihi a tronie nobis repugnare, lo( i angu-tiain boniiin Mibucntorein tuin inuenisseiit,
posteriori statiienint iiuiadcre a'.;mi!.a, quod \- I'lci'miit. .\rcti-sinio igitiir \bi(pie hu o cx-
i<teiite, iiist.ibani liarl)ari vndi(|iu', a dcxtris \: ,~i sinisiri-, iSc aliunde tlimicaiiles, \ tela

.'•uper

» s\

Manuel.

ir shoulders,
nselfc to the
the EnglJNii

aide to the
it, two and
Pari;;, and

iirie the
ule that
he .s;ivd
•dcd ijv

:m,

tri ciini Spi-
ll", excclsu-',
n-j>l Anj;lia-,
['f>sariiiin re-
Ik) iV de hi-*
r a priiicipiii
iiiin ill conic
■i, iV Chris-
r iiiiiaMt ens,
ml ad iiititii-
noii latere.
)cliiini I'onira
1) apparaliin)
pi'ti-nttT <-os
rpiiita diue-
iin e\piii;na-
1,'ore poterat.
m aii(|tii> ,1(1-
lasjt no--, qi i
multos, oiniii
;r(') fines Tiir-
iiiTnriini rntn
tris in fuijam
iis iKuninatur
ini |)itiii((iu'
nil, cNcrciini
:ique iinpeiii
eMenso ; iV
>ns posirenii
le prima' co-
las iio'i prif-
it, noi) con-
iniienissent,
c|iie lo( o «\-
ites, iV tela
super

Manuel. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

super nos quasi iinbres de.scendentia interimebant viros & equos complures. Ad htec itaqiie
iniperiuni nostril vbi inahim superabundabat, reputans secuin oportunu iudicabat retr6 ex-
pc-ctare, atque illos qui iliic erant adiuuarc, expectando vtiqui! contra inlinita ilia Persarum
aginina helium sustinuit. Quanta quidem, dutn ab his circundaretur, patrauerlt, non opus
est ad tcnipus sermonibus pcrte,\crc, ab illiH autein qui intcrfiierunt, forsitan discet de his
tua nobilitas. Inter hcec autein cxistente imperio nostro, & onine belli grauamen in tan-
turn .sustincnte, postremie cohortes vniuerste Grn-cornm & Latinorum, k. reliquoruin om-
nium generum conplobatir, qiitc iaciebaniur ab inimicis tela non sustinentes, impactione
vluiitur, & ita \ioIcnt6r Tcrebantur, dum ad adiaeentcm ibi collcm quasi ad propugnaculum
festinarent; scd prccedentes impellunt nolentcs. Multo aiitem eleuato puluerc, ac pertiir-
bante oculos, & iieniinem permiftente videre qua; circa pedes erant, in priccipitium quod
aderat j)rofiiiidissini;c vallis alius super alium homines & equi sic incontinenti; portati
corrueiiint, (]uod alij alios conculcantes ab inuiccin inferemerunt non ex gregarijs tantum,
srd ex tiarissiinis iV iiiiimis iiostris consanguineis. Ciuis enim inhibere poterat tantae mul-
titiidinis iinporlabilem inipulsum? -At ver6 imperium nostrum tot & tantis confcrtum bai-
baris saucians, sauciati'iinquc, adeo vt non modicam in cos moucret perturbationem, obsfu-
pentcs perseuerant iain ipsiiis, & non remittebatur, beni; iuuante deo, campuin obtinuit.
Ncqiie locum ilium scaiiderc acluersarios permisit, in quo dimicauit cum barbaris. Nee qui-
dem e(|iiuni suum illoruin tiniore incilauit, celcriiis alitpiando ponerc vestigia. Scd congre-
gaiido omnia agmiiia sua, iSj dc morte eripiendo ea, collorauit circa se: & sic priinos attigit,
c^' (irdiiiatiin prolirisceiis ad exoititus siios acccssit. Ex tunc igitur videiis Soltanus, quod
pusl laiila i|iiii' accidtraiit excri itibus nostris, iniperiuni nostrum, sicuf oportunuin erat, rem
liuiii>ni('ili dispeiHaiiit, \t ii)>.uin nir>^i\m inuaderet: mittens suj)plicauit imperio nostro, &
depreiatorijs vsus est serinoiiihus, iS: requi-<iuit pacein illius, promittens omncmi mperij
iKwlri a(iiiii|)Iere voiiinlatem, I'v seruitium suum contra omnem hoinincm dare, i^ omncs qui
in rei;ii() siio icnebaiiiur capliuos absoluere, \ e-se ex toto voluntatis nostra*. Ibidem ergo
[UT duns die-, integros, in omiii poiestate morali sumus, i^- rognilo qu(Vl nihil poterat (ieri con-
tm ciiiiiatcm lioiiij, perdilis lestudinibus & inaihiiiis liellicis, co quoil bones cecidis-sent a
tells ill modo pluui.-e iactis, qui e:is trahebant : Simul autem eo quod & vniiicr>a animali.i
no-itra irruente ill ilia dinii'illima ;egritiidine laborabant, suscepit Soltani depnT( aiionem &
la'dcrj iV iurameiita ptracta sul) \e\illis nostri'^, I'x: pacem suam ei dedit. Iiide ingressum
iinin'riiiiii nostrum iii regionem suam regreditur, triliulationem habens non mediociem super
his quos perdidit con-anguiiieis, niaximas tamen Deo gratias ageiis, qui per suam bonitatem
iSc iiiiiu- Ipsum hoiiorauit . (Jiatiim autein habuimu-:, (|Uck1 (|uosdaiii nobiiitaiis tua; principes
arcidii intcresse nobisnim, (pii narralnit de (I'liiiibiis qiiie airiderant, tuie voluntati serieni.
('.■eiirum autem, licet <ontri>taii simus |)ro|)iir illos (pii ceciderunt: oportunuin tamen duxi-
iiiiis, (le omnibus ipi.e accideraiil, declarare tihi, vt diiecto amiro nostro, tS( m pernuiltum
coniuncio imperio nosrro, per pucrorum noslroruiii iiilimam consanguiuitatein. Vale. Dnt.i
mense Nonembri.", imlictione tertia.

The same in Ijiglish.

IN liie yeere 1177, Maiutl the einpcrour of (■oiisiaiiliiiople hauiiig fought a field with the
SoKhni of Iconiimi, a.ul xaiKpiislied jiini, wmie \ iiio lleiirv the second king of England in
iiKMKT following.

.Manuel ('cuiiiieniis in ChriM the euerliuing (i( d a faithful empennir, descended of the li-
nage of P.Tphyrie, ( rowned bv (Jodsgnice, high, pui-sanl, mighlv, alwaves must souereigne,
.iiid g.mernour nf the I' -laiis; mh,, Hciirv the most famous king of England, his most deare
friend, giceling and all good successe. Whereas our imperiall highnesse ihiiiketh it expe-
(bent 1(1 aduertise yon our welheloued friend of all our afljires; We tiioiight it not .wiisse to
sigiiilie viilo your royall Maiesti( < ertaine exploits at this present atchicued bv vs. From the
be;;inning theicfnre of ciur iiiaiiguiation i iir imperiall liighius halh mainteined most deadly
lidd and hosiiliiy against (Axis enemies the Persians, seeing tl-.ein so lo triumph oner t'hris-
II.II1S, (o exalt thcsehies against (lie Name of (o.d, aiul to \siirpe ouer Christian .kingdomes.

I'uv

<'i I

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Manuei.

For which cause our imperial highncsse hath in some sort encountered them heretofore, and
did as it pleased God to jriuc vs grace. And we suppose that your >faicstie is not igno-
rant, what our iinperiall highnesse hath often performed for their mine and subuersion. For
enen now, being vrgcd thereunto, we haue determined to leade a mighty army against them,
and to wage warre against all Persia. And albeit our forces be not so great as we could wisii
they were, yet haue we according to the time, and the present state of things, strongly in-
iiadcd them. Wherefore our Maicstic impcriall hath gathered our armies together: but be-
cause we had in our army sundry carts laden with armour, engines, & other instruments for the
assault of cities, to an exceeding weight we conld not make any great speed in our iourney.
Moreouer while our imperiall highnesse was yet marching in ourowne dominions, before any
barbarous enemy had fought against vs; our people were visited with the most grieuous dis-
ease of the fluxe, which being dispersed in our troups destroyed and slew great numbers,
more then the sword of the enemy would haue done. Which niischicfe so prcuailiug, did
woondcrfiilly abate our forces. But after we had inuaJcd the Turkish frontiers, we had at the
lirst very often and hot skirmishes, and the Turks came swarming to light against our impe-
riall troups. Howbeit by Gods assistance those miscreants were altogether scattered and put to
flight by our souldiers. Hut as we ap|)roched vnto that strait passage which is called by the
Persians Cibrilcimam, so many haiuls of Persian footemen and horsemen (most whereof came
from the innermost jiarts of Persia, to succour Ihfir Allies) cncounlreil our armv, as were al-
most su|)eriour vnto vs in lunnbcr. Wherefore the army of our Imperiall higlmessr, bv rea-
son of the siriighlne-ise and dilficullie of the way, being stretched ten miles in length; and
the first not being able to helpe the List, nor yet contrary wise the last to rescue the first, it came
to passe that they were very farre distant asunder. And in very deed the foremost troupes
were much separated from the gir.nd of our imperiall person, who forgeiting their I'ellowes
behind, would not stav anv whit lor them. Because llierei'ore the Tuikish hands knew foil
well bv their fi'rfucr conflicts thai it was bootlesse for them to assnilc the furelVnni of our
batlell, ;mil perceiuing the iiarownesse of the ])Iace to be a ^real aduanlai^e, tliev deter-
mined to set \ |)on our rerewanl, and did so. Wherefore our passiigi- being very straight, and
the infidels assavling vs vjion the right haiul and vpon the left, and on all sides, and dischar-
ging their wia|)')ns as thicke as hailesionrs against vs, slew tliuers nf our men and horses.
Hereupon, the shmghter of <iur people still encreasing our maiesiic iui|)eriall (ie«'nied ii re-
quisite to st,i\ l)ehiiul, and to su<t i>ur our bands in the rercw;inl, and so r\|K(ting them we sus-
tained ihe lien e eiudunler of main thousand Persians. What exploits our Imperiall person at-
chieued in the same skirmish, 1 h.ild it needlesse ;it this lime to recount: \our in:uesfie m.iv
peih.ips vnderstand more of this mailer bv them which were there present. Howbeit our Iiii-
pciiall highnessf beinu in the niidde^l of this (ontlict, and enduring the li;;hl with so great
(lanH;er, all oui hindermosi troups, bolh (irrekes. I.ntines, ;i:ul oilier nations, retiring ihem-
seliies close together, and not lieing alile to suiU-r the vi( lence of their enemies weapons,
])res.i'd on so hard, and were caried \\\\\\ siu h manie force, thai hastening to ascend ihe ne\t
lull for their beller s.il'ei;aril, ihev \r;;i(l o'l them wiii( h weiil belore, whether ihev vvoulil or
CO. Whereupon, much dust bi ins raised, whitli stopped our eves and \tlerlv ilenriued vs of

:hi.

>pe(

and our nic and horses prc>siii<^ 50 sore one vpon the necke of another, phuiged ihei

selucs on llie sudden into such a stccjje and daiii^erous \:ille\, that treading one vjioii anolher,

Ihev (pie
ii'iiir,d)l<'

.■lied f<:
pei>

o death iiol one

Iv a p.iuliilude of llie r

ommoii souldiours.

bill d

lucrs mos

t ho-

i's:

some oi (ur neere

kit

iien. Tor who could rcMraine the irresist-

ible throng of so huge a multitude.^ Howbeit our laiperiall highnesse being enuiroiied with
siK h sw.irmes of Infidels, and <;iuin^; and receiuing wounds (insomuch that llu' ini«( reants were

^reatlv i

li«mai

d at

oiir coiisi.incie ) weg.iue not oucr, but bv (Jods assisiaiu e wonnc the field.

Neither did we perinii il

he enemie to asceiul vnio

th.it pla

ue, from whence we skirmishcil with

him. Nciltier vet spurred wee on our hor-e anv f.ister for all their assaults. Hut marshalling all
our troupes lo^ether, au.i deliueiini; them out of d.iii!;er, we disposed them ahoiit our Imperial
[)ers(.n; :iiui sr) wi- ouertooke the foremost, and m.inhed in good order with our \>liolc arinv,
Nowe the b-ddaii perteiuing that not\\ithstanding the u'rcat damage^ which we h'(l sust. lined, our

liiiperi.il

I id

Manuel.

(toforc, and
a not igno-
jrsion. For
gainst tlioin,
[• could wisl»
troiigly ill-
cr: but bc-
icnts Cor the
lur iourncy.
, Ijclorc any
;riciious dis-
':it ntiinbcrs,
nailing, di(l
ve had at the
it otir irnpe-
d and put to
died by the
luTcnC came
, as wcTO al-
'ssc, by rca-
l<'ii;;lli; and
first, it came
nost troupe-*
u-ir I'cllowc-i
Is knew rill!
front of our
tliey deter-
itraiglit, and
and discliar-
and horses,
eenied it re-
lieni we sus-
ill person at-
i-iiesfie may
l)eii our Im-
■ ilh so great
tiring llirin-
cs weapons,
r-nd the next
e\ would or
•Jiriued vs of
inged ihem-
pon another,
Ts most ho-
the irrc>iv|.
lironed with
rreanis were
nc the field,
misjicd with
irsliallingnll
I'ur Imperial
uliolc armv.
istaineil.oiir
Inipcri.il

K. Ric. the\.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S,

Tht citif of Ito-
Ilium intended
to hiuif bene be-
sieged.

Certaine noble-
men of the kiu|
of England \fere
with the Empe-
ror in hit battetl
.i(;ainit the Sot-
Jjii of Iconium.

Imperial highnes prouided to glue him a fresh encounter, humbly submitting himselfe vnto vsi
and vsing. submissive speaches, made suite to haue peace at our hands, and promised to fulfill the
pleasure of our maiestic Imperiall, to doc vs seruice against all conimcrs, to release all our
subiecis which were raptiucs in his rcalmc, and to rest wholy at our commaund. Here there-
fore we remained two day cs with great authoritie; and considering that wee could attempt
nought against the titic of Iconinm, hauing lost all our warrelike engines both for defence
and for batlcric, for that the oxen which drew them were slainc with the enemies weapons,
falling as thicke as hailcstoncs: and also for because all our beasts in a maner were most gric-
uously diseased; our maiesiic Imperial accepted of the Soldans petition, league, and oath
being made and taken vndcr our ensignes, and granted our peace vnto him. Then returned
we into our owne dominions, being greatly gricued for the losse of our deerc kinsmen, and
yeelding vnto God most humble thanks, who of his goodnesse had eucn now giucn vs the
victory. Wc arc right glad likewise that some of your maicstics princes and nobles accom-
panied vs in this action, who are able to report vnto you all things which haue happened.
And albeit wc were exceedingly gricued for the losse of our people ; yet thought it we expe-
dient to signilie vnto you the succcsse of our affaires, as vnto our wclbcloued friend, & one
who is \erv neerly allied vnto our highnesse Imperial, by reason of the consanguitie of our
children. Farewell. Ciiuen in the moneth of Nouembcr, and vpon the tenth Indiction.

The woorthv voiage of Kit hard the first, K. of England into .Asia, for the reroucrie
of lerusalcin out of the hands of the Saracens, drawen out of the booke of Act«
and Mominicnts of the (Church of England, written by M. lohii Foxe.

King liiiliard the first of that name, for his great \alure surnamed Ceiirdc Lion, the sonne
tif Ilenry the .■■ccoiul, alter the death of his father remcmbring the rebellions that he liatl \ii-
diiiifiilly raised against him, sought lor absolution of his trespasse, and in part of satisfaction
lor till' same, agreed with Philip the French king to take his voiage with him for the reeouerie
of C'lUistes palrimonie, which they called the Holy land, whereupon the sayd king liichard
immediately after his Coronation, to prepare himselfe the belter towards his iourncy, vsed
iliuers meanes to take vp snmmes of money, and exacted a tenth of the whole Kcalme, the
Ciiristians to make three score and ten thousand pounds, and the lewes which then dwelt in
the Ke.dnie threescore thousand.

Hailing thus gotten SLflicienl money for the exploile, he sent certaine Earles and Barons
to Philip the Frencli king in the lime of his Parliament at S. Denis, to put him in mind of his
pfo!iii-e made for ilie ret tiucrie of Clirisis holy palrimonie out of the Saracens hands : To
whom he sent againe in the moneth of December, that he had bounil himselfe by solcmne
oilii', depo>ing \ poll the Eiiangrlists, that he the yeerc next following, about the time of
ICasicr, had terLiiiily preli\id to addresse hims«'lfe toward that iourncy, requiring him like-
wise not to faile, hut lo bee ready at the terme aboiie limited, appointing also the place
where I) ill the Kings should meele together.

In the ycere thcrfore l!!W). King Kiihard hauing committed the goiiernmcnt of this
realiiu' in his abseiue ti> the bi^hoj) of Ely then Chancellor of England, aduantcd forward
his ioiiriiey, and tame to Tiiron to meet with Philip the Freiu h king, & after that went lo
ViiTcliac, where the Freiu h king it he ioyiiing together, for the more continuance of their
ioiirnev, assured tlieinseiiies by solemne othe, swearing fidelilie one lo the oilier: the forme
of whose oth was this

■f hat citi\er of tlicm should defend and maintaine the honour of the other, and beare true ^ rhenh ci
fidiliiie vnto him, of life, meiidiers & worldly honor, and that neillier of them should w-^i'ie brt* -t
faile one the other in their adaires : but the French King should aide the King of Eng- .njufe'i'lr! j,
land in defending his lad and dominions, as he would himselfe defend his owne Citic of "^'s
Paris if it were liesieged : and that Hiciianl king of England likewise should aide the
iTcnch kini; in defending his land and Dominions, no otherwise then he would defend
his own Cilie of IJoan if il were besieged, \:c.

Concerning

p» '■ ■

1 I

* :\

ThuJiifipline
and orderi o(
rht Kinr.

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

A'. Kic. Un I.

' Concerning the lawes and ordinances appointed by K. Iticliard for his Nauic, the forme
thereof was this.

I. That who so killed any person on shipboord, should be tied with him that was slaine,
and throwen into the sea.

3. And if he killed him on the land, he should in like manner be tied with the partic
slaine, and be buried with him in the earth.

3, lie that shalbc conuirted by lawfull witnes to draw out his knife or weapon to the in-
tent to strike any man, or that hath striken any to the drawin}? of blood, shall loose his hand.

4. Also he that striketh any person with his hand without ciVusion of bloud, shall be
plunged three times in the sea.

:i. Itenj, who so speaketh any opprobrious or contumelious worcles in reuilinj; or cursinn;
one another, for so oftentimes .is he hath reuiled, shall pay so many oinices of siluer.

6. Item, a ihicfe or felon that hath stollcii being lawfully couicted, shall haue his head
shorne, and boyling pitch powred vpon his head, and feathers or downe strawed vpon tlu-
same, whereby he may be knowen, and so at the first lamling place they shall come to, there
to be cast v|).

These things thus ordered, king Richard sending his Nauie by the Spani-h seas, and by
the sirciglits of (Jibrallar, betweene Spaine and Africa, to ineete him :it Marsilia, hec hini-
selfe went as is said to Vizcliac to the rrcncli king. Which two kiniis from thence went lo
Lions, where the bridge ouer the (lood Uhodanus with prcis-^c of ])ciipU- brake, and main
both men and women were dmwned : by occasion whereof the two kings for the combrance
of their traines, were constrained to disseuer tiieniselues for lime of their ioiirnev, appoint-
ing I)oth to meet together in .Sicily : and so I'hilip the French king lookc hi* way to (ieim.T.
and king Kichnrd to Marsilia, where he remained 8. davcs, appointing thert his Naiiic to
mcete him. I'rom thence crossing oner to(ienua where the l'ren( ii king wa<, he pished \'or-
ward by the < (lasts of Italy, and enlred into Tiber ix't larre from Itomc

King Richard sta\ ing in Marsilia 8. da\cs for his Nanie which came not, he tlure
hired '^0. (Jaliies, and ten great barkcs to >hip ouer his men, and «o came to Naples, and so
partly bv horse and wagon, and partly by the se.i, paoing to ralernuni, came to Calabria,
where after that he had heard that his -.liiijs were arrined at Mess.ma in .Sic die, he made llif
more speed, anil so the ■-','{. ol Scplcndn'r entred Messana with snili a noysc of frmnpets
and Slialmes, with such a root and shew, that it was to the ureat wondernu-nt and terror l)otli
of the Frenchmen, and of all other that did heare and behold the sij:lit.

To the Slid towne of Mess;iii:i tlie I'rench king was come before the l(> of ihi- same inonctit
of September, and had taken \p the pallace of Tancredus king of Sirilv for his lodgnij, ' to
whom king Kichard after his arriiiall cdtsoones re>orted, and when the two kings had c( tn-
nnincd together, immediaicK the French kini; looke shipping and enlred the seas, thinking
to sailc towards the land of lern«alem : but after he was out of the liauen, the winde rising
c oritrary ag;iinst him, retnrned him l.m ke againe to Mes-iana. 'flien king Richard (whose
l"(lging wa- prepari'il in the snhurbs uithont the Citie) after he had resorted againe .nul talked
Hith the Freiii h king, and aUi li.MUent to T.incredtis kinij of Si( il\ . f. r deliiierance of loane
his si«ter ; \slio had beene soinlinics (Jiipcne ol Sii ily ) and had obt.Tincd her to be sent \nto him,
the last day of September ])a'se<l ouer the streight del Fare, and there gi'lting a strong hold
I ullrd dc la liaguare, or le Hamarc, and there pla( ing his sister with a siinicieni garrison, he
iiliirned againe to Messana.

I'lie 'i. id' ()( tober king Richard wan another strong hold, called .Moiiasierium (irillimiiin,
•"itiiated in \ miiUi of the streight del I'are, between*' Mes-ana iV C.dalirin, from whence \
Sloiikes being c\|)ulsed, he rejioseil there all his store and prouision of \ictii.ils, which came
from Iji^land orithcr pl.ii cs.

'i'lie Citi/ens of .Mes>:in.i sceijig that the king of F.ngland had wonne the ca>lle .ind Island
de la R.iguiire. and also the Moiiasleric of the (irilVons, and doubting least the king would
extend his power further to iniiade their Citie, iK; get if he coidd tlie whole Isle of Sicilie,
(jei;an to siirre against the Kings armie, and to shut the I'ngli.-limcn out of the gates, ;ind

kept

. Ric. tin- 1 .
, the forme
t was slaiiio,
:h the partic

II to the in-
DKC his haiul.
>u(l, shall be

;; or cursinp;

illUT.

lie his head
cd v|)on the
line to, there

seas, and l)v
lia, hee him-
eiue went In
e, and many
e rombrame
ley, a|)|)i>int-
IV to (ictnia.
his Nauic to
11' |).is-.cd lor-

lot, he lIuTe
aplrs, and sn
to Caialiria,
he made llu*
of Trunipels
d terror lioih

".anie tnoiicth
^ lodijmj, ' lo
ii<;s havl <('iii-
■eas, iliiiikini;
■ winde ri-int;
chard ( v, hose
ine and talked
aiue of loaiie
sent \nto him,
a siron<; hold
I ijarrison, he

III CiriU'onuiii,
■oin whence \
<, \viiicli caiiie

tie and NIand
le kinu; would
ste of Sicilic,
liic j^ates, aii<l
kept

K. Ric. the \.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

kept their wallcs against them. The Englishmen seeing that, made to the gates, and by force
would haue broken them open, insomuch that the King riding amongst them with his stafTe,
and breaking diners of their heads, eould not asswage their fiercenesse, such \Nas the rage
of the Englishmen agaynst tiie citizens of Messana. The King seeing the furie of his peojilc
to be such that hee could not stny them, tooke boate, and went to the pallace of king Tan-
crcd. to talke of the matter with the French king, in which meane time the matter was so
taken vp by the wise handling of the ancients of the citic, that both parts laying downe
their armour, went home in peace. • . . . »

The fourth day of the sayd moneth of October, came to king Richard the Archbishop ol
Messana with two other Archbishops also wiih the French king, and sundry other Earles,
Barons, and Bishops, to intreat of peace, who as they were together consultin;^, and had al-
most concluded vpon the peace, the Citizens of Messana issuing out of the townc, some
went vp vpon the mountains, some with open force imiaded the mansion or lodging of Hugh
Briine an English capfaine. The noysc whereof comming to the eareii of the King, hee
suddenly breaking off talke with the French king and the rest, departed from them, and
comming to his men, commanded them forthwith to arme thcmselues. Who then with < er-
taine of his souldionrs making vp to the top of the mountaine (which seemed to passe their
power to dimbe) there put the Citizens to (light, cliasing them downe the mountaines, vnto
the very gates ol the citie, whom also certaine of the kings seruanis pursued into the citic,
of whom liue valiant souldiers & twentie of the kings seruants were slaine, the French King
looking vpon, and not once willing to rescue them, contrary to his othc, and le.ngue before
made with the king of England : for the French king with his men being there present, rode
ill the midst of them safely, and without any harme too and fro, and might well haue cased
the Kings panic, mere then he, if it had so liked iiim.

This i)eing kiiowen to the English hoste how their fellowes were slaine, and the French-
men permitted in the citie, and that they were excluded and the gates barred against them,
being also stopped from buying of \ictuall, iV other things, they vpon great indignation ga-
thered ihemselues in armes, brast open the gates, and scaled the wals, and so winning the "^"e " IT" *■*
citie, set vp their (lags with the English amies vpon the wals : which when the French King ' ' "''
did see, he was mightily oirended, recpiiring the King of England that the Armes of France
might also be set \p, i*Cr ioMied with his: but King Richard to that would in no ease agree,
iiotwiliistanding to salisde his miiide, he was contented to take downe his Armes, and to
commit the rustiKlie of the citic to the Hospitalarics and Tcmpiarics of lerusalem, till the
tinu- that Tancred king of .Sicily and he should agree together vpon conditions.

These things being done the lift and sixt day of October, it followed then vpon the eight
day of the same, that peace wa.s concluded among the kings. In which peace, lirst king Ri-
chard, & Philip the French king renewed againe iheir oth and league before made, concern-
ing their mutual aide and mh ielie, during the time of that peregrination.

Secondly, peace also was concluded bel\>cer,e king Richard and Tancred king of Sicily
aCi'resaide, with ( ondilioiis, that the daughter of Taiurede in case king Richard should die
withuiil issue, should lie married to .Arthur Duke of Uiitaiiie the kings Nephew and next
heire to his crowne, whereof a fonnall charle was draweii, ind letters sent thereof to Pope
Clement being dated the ninth of N'ouember.

Vmm thiH time viitill Feliruarie the next yeere these two kings kept still at .Messana, either
for l.u ke of wiiide and weather, or for the repairing of their shippes. .And in the aforesavdc Fc-
bruarie, in the veere 1191. King Richard sent oner his gallies to Naples, there to nieetc his
mother Ivlinore, and Hereiigaria the daughter of Zanctius king of Nauarre, whom he was pur-
posed (o inarrv, who by that time were come to liruiulusiuin, viider the conduct of Philip
E.irle of Flanders, and so proceeding vnto Naples, they found the kings shippes wherein they
.lavled to Messana.

In this meane space, king Richard shewed himsellc exceeding bounteous and liberall to all
men : to the French king (irst he gaue diuers shippes, vpon others likewi.se he bestowed riche
rewardes, and of his treasure and goods he destributed largely to his souldiers and seruants

vol. II I about

It"

f '

f , n

h I

[i ■ .'I. '

VOYAOFS, NAUIC5ATI0NS,

A' li/rh. I

about him, of whom it \v:is reported, th.it he distrihiiled more in one nionclh, then any of
his predcressors did in a whole yccre; by reason whereof he purchased >.^reai loue and fa-
iiour, which not onely redounded to the aduancement of his fame, but alio to his dingiilar
vsc and profile, as liie nequele afterward prooued.

The (irs| day of Mareh followin)!;, he left the citic of Messaiia, where the French Kinjr was,
and went to Calhiieia, a eitic where fnncredus king of Sicily then lay, where he was honor-
ably receiucd, and there remained with kini; Tancredu- three dayes and three ni;;hts. On
the fourth day wiien he simuld depart, liie af<iresai<l I'ancredu^ ollred him many rich presents
in gold and silucr, and precious silkes, whereof king Richard would receiuc ndthini;, but
one little ring for a token of his good will : fur the which king Uichard gau»- againe vnio him
a richc sworde. At length when king Uichard should take his leaiie, king 'lancred would
not let him so depart, but needes would giue him 4 great shippes, and \h. gallies, and fur-
thermore hcc himsclfe would needes accompanic him the space of two dayes iourney, to a
place called Taiu'rnium.

Then the next morning when ihe\ should take their leaue, Tancrcdus declar'-l vnto liiin
the message, which the French King n little before had sent vnto him by the Duke of Biir-
gundie, the contents whereof were these: That the King of luiijlanil was n false TraUour,
iSc Would neuer keepe the peace that was bciwcene them: and il the sayd Tancredus wnuld
warre against him, or secretly by ni^ht would iniiade him, he with all his power would assist
him. to the destruction of him aiul all his armie. To wliont Uirhard the King protested
againe, that he wa^ no iraylour, nor neuir had bene; aiul as touching the peace begun be-
twixt thein, the same should neuer be broken through him ; neither ( oiild he bclceue that
the French King being his goo<l lord, and his sworne Compartner in tli.ii vov.ige, would \tier
anv such worile-. bv him. Which when Tancredus heard, he briiigeth foorih the letter** of
the French King, sent to him by the Duke of Hurgundie, anirming moreoiicr, that if the
Duke of Hurgundie w .ulddenie the brinsjing of the said letters, he was readie to trie il with
him bv any of his Dukes. King Itichard receiiiiiig the letter-, and miisinu not a little spon
the same, returneih againe to Messana. The same day that King Uichard departed, the French
king came to Taueniiiun to sjjcake with Tancred, and there .ilMHle with him that night, and
on the morowe return! (I to Mexsann againe.

From that time King liidiard mooued in stomatke against Kiiii; Philip, neuer '•hewed any
gentle coiuilenance ot peace iV aniilie, as he before was wooni : whereat the French Kini'
j;reatlv marueiling, and en(|uiring earnoilv what should be the ( niise thereof, wdrd w.i..seiii
liim .lyairie b\ Philip earle ol Flaiuler- Iroin king I{i( Innl what words he had sent to the
king of .Sicilv, and for testinums thereof the letters wvrc shewed, wlii( h he wrote bv the
duke of lUirgundie to the kinj; of .Sicilv : which when the Fri'iich king vnderstood. first he
held hi- peace as giiiltv in his conscience, not knowing well what to aiiswere. .At length
turning his tale to aiuither matter, he began to ()uarrel! with kini; liidtard. j)reten<lin;; as
though he sought causes to breake wiih him, and to maligiie hiiu: and th< rl'ore he foru'ed
v-ayd he) these lies \pon him, and all because he by that meane- would auoid to marry with
.Mise his sister, accoiding as he had promised Adding nuireouer that if he would mi do,
Old w( uld not niarrv the said Alise his si-tiT according to his oth, lie would be .in eneiuv to
him, and t ■ his. while he liued.

'I'o this king Uichard sa\(l againe, that he could bv no tneanes marry ih.il woman, forso-
iiiuch as his father had carnall copulation with her. and al-o had by her a sonne: for proofe
whereof lie had there |jresenll\ to bring forth diners I'C -undry wilnes-es to the kings face.
to icsiitie with him.

In conclusion, through cnunsell aiul perswasion of diners about the Freiuh king, a!,'ree-
inent at last was made, so that king Philip did acqnite kin^ Uii hard from this bond of mar-
rying hi- sister, and kiuu Uichard againe should be bound lo |)ay to him euery veere for the
spa( e of fiuc yecres, two thousand inarke-, with cerlaine other <oiuliti(Mls besides, not greatly
in.itcriall lor this place. ,\nd thu- pe.ice being belweene them concluded the'i.S <lav of the

savd

■5

K liich. I

'\\cn nny (if
Diic ami fa-
hix sin<{iilar

li Kill}; was
was hoiior-
ii>>hls. On
if h prcspnM
othiim, but
nr vtiio him
icrcti Would
rs, and fur-
lurucy, to a

"I vnto liiiu

ukr of Hur-

ic Tra) tour,

rctUw Would

would a«'*ist

ij; prolrstcd

!• I)cv;uii 1)C-

hi'Icciic that

would \ttci

ic li'ltcr-i o(

lliaf if fhr

trii' it with

litllo \|)on

I, the IVench

it ni<;ht, and

••hrwpd any

IVench kinjj
ord w.i-. scut
I sent to the
rote hy the
ood. first he
At length
Tteiiding as
le he Cortre*!
1 marry with
Would ■><> do,
.111 enenn to

iiman, for-io-
: I'lT prooFe
e kin^s Hire.

kin«>, ai,'ree-
lonil of niar-
yecre Cor the
, not !;reallv
"i day of the
savd

A Hklt. I.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIKS.

wyd iniinclh (if Marcii, the French kinjj; lanching "uf of the haiien of Meisaiia, the 2a, day
alter in ihc Lnstcr weekc, came with his armic to the sicjjc of Achon.

After the departure of the French kiiiji from Messaua, kiiiK Itidiard with his .irmle yet
rcmaininj; behimle, arriued Qucenc Alinor the kin>{s mother, briiiKinn with her Herenj,'aHa
the kinj{ of Nauar'* daughter, to be ri<|ioused to kinjj Richard; which beiuf; done, king Hi-
chard in April lollowiu);, about the !20 day of the sayd inoneth, departed front the haiien of
Messaua with 150 great ships, and bl great gallics widl manned and appointed, and looke '['',,•, 'J^"^j',°j,
his iourncy toward Achon: who being vpou tlie Seas on Ciood friday about the nintii houre, '"''
rose a luightv South winde with a tempest, which disseuered and scattered all his Nauie, some
to one place, and some to nnolher. The king with a few ships was driucn to the He of Crela,
and there before the hauen of Rhodes cast anker, The hips that caried the kings sister,
queene of Si( ily, und Uercngaria the king of Nauars daut 'Her, with two ships were driuen
to the lie of Cy|)rus,

The king making great mone for the ships of his sister, and Rercngaria his wife that should
be, not knowing where ihcy were become, .tfter the tempest was oiierblowen, sent forth liis
gallies diligeiilly to sceke the rest of his Nauie dispersed, l)ut especially the shippe wherein
his sister was, and the maiden whom he shoidd marry, who at length were found safe and
merry at the port of Lyms/.em in the lie of ("vi)rus, norwithslanding the two other ships,
svhi( h were in liieir C(mi|)any before in the same hauen, were drowned with diners of the
kings seruanis and men of worshi|>, among whom was M. Roger, called Mains Catnliis, the
kings Vicechantellour, who was foinul with the kings sealc hangim; about his iiecke.

The king of Cyprus was iheii Isakius (called also the Kmpevour of the (iryflons) who
tooke and iniprisoned all Ivnglishinen, which by shipwracke were cast vpon his laud, also
inuegleil into his hands the goods and prises of them which were found drowned al)out his
coastes, neither woiilil suller the siiips wherein the two ladies were to enter within the port.

I'he tidings ul tlii being brought to king Richard, he in great wrath gathering his galliei*
and ships together, boonleth the l.ind of Cyprus, where he lirst in gentle wise signilieth to
kin-: Isakiiis, how he with his Kui;lish men, idinining a> strangers to the supporiatioii of the
holy land, were bv dislresse of weather driuen vpon his bounds, and therefore with all hum-
ble petition licsoiight him in (iods behalfe, and lor reuerence of the liolv crosse, to let go
sncli prisDiicrs of his as he bad in captiuiiic. and to restore agalne the goods of them tiial
were drowned, which he deteined in his h.mds, to be employed for the behoofe of theii
snules. .And this the king once, twise, and iluise desired of the I'imperour: but he proudly
,inswering agaiiie, sent the king word, thai lie neither would let the captines gu, nor render
ihe goods of ihcm wliich were drowned.

When king l!i( hard heard this, how light the l.mperour Isakiiis made of his so luinible and
honest petition, \: how that nothing ( oiild be gotten witlioiit violent force, eftsoones giueth
rommandemeiit ihi.rownut .ill his hoste to put iheniscliies in armour and follow him, to re-
iienge the iiiiiiries receiued of that proud :iiul i ruell kini; of Cyprus, willing them to |iui
their trust in (iocl, and not l<i misdoubt but that the Lord wiiiild stand with them, and giuc
ihem the victory. The Ivmperour in the ineane time with his people stood warding the Sea
I (lasts, where the luiglisli nu'ii should ariiue, with swords, billes, and lances, and such other
weapons as they had, selling lioordes, stooles, and ihestes before them as a wall; few of
ihem were harnessed, and I r the most part all Miexpcrt and vnskillull in the feates of
M..rre.

Then king Rirhard with iiis souldiers issuing out of their ships, first set his bowcmen be-
fore, who with their shot made :i way for others to folowe. The F.nglishmen thus winning
the land ^ |)on them, so liercelv pressed \pon the (Jryllims, that after long fighting and many
blowes, ai i:ist the Tjuperour was put to (light, whom king Richard valiantly pursued, and
slue many, and diners he t<ioke aline, and had gone neere also to take the Emperour, had
not the night come on and parted the ballell And thus king Richard with much spoy le. and
^reat victory, returning to the port Towne of I.yms/.ein, which the Townesmen had left for
fe;ire, found there great abundance of come, wine, oyle, and victuals.

I 2 The

(
I

<■
\

iVH

^i'^JI

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A', tile, the I.

■I

I 5 ..

T^r lord
ChiirSfllJillf

of Ki»i!R<-

ihitd Irtt go-

urmt'ur iif
C'yptul.

A f real itup of
Saratrni ukcn
>7 king Kk hard.

King RiihiiJ
alliurd it
Achon.

The dav after the vicfory Kotten, loann;« the K'wn* nitter, and IWrcnjiarin tlic tnayden.on-
irrd the Porft; andTowncol LymMZcm, vvith M. ureal xhip*, and 14. ^alliols ; -o ttiat all the
whole Naiiie •here niertinj; tojjcthcr, were !il>4. tall nhippe^, and ahiiiu- llircesrore nallioiM,
Then Isakius the Kmporonr, neein;? no way for him to escape by Sea, the Mine ni^ht pitched
hit* tentes Hue mileH oil' from the I'lnKli^^h arms, Nwearin)! that the ihini day al'ier, he wotild
surely uiue battell to kin^ Hichnrd : hut he preuentiu); him before, suddenly the lanie morn-
ing before the day of battell should be, setteth vpon the tenle>t of the Gryiliinx early in the
morniuK, they being vnawares and asjeepe, and n)ade of them a ureat <<Iannhttr, iifiomuth
that the Kmperour wa« fainc to runne away naked, leaiiinj; his leiites and iiaiiilions (o the
Enjilishmen, fidl of horses nnil ric h treasure, also with the Imperial «tander(l, the lower pare
whereof with a rostly sireamer was coiiered, and wrnught all with j^otile.

Kin),' Hi(hard refnrninjt with viriorie and triiunph to his si-lerand lJ<-i<ni;aria, sliorllv after
in the inonelh of N(ay next followinf;, and the I'J. day of the said nionclh, married tfie naid
Berenijaria daujjhter of Zanctius, kinj; of Nauarre, in the vie of Cyprus at l.vms/.em.

The kin;; ofTyprus sceinj; himselfe onermatciicd, wasilriuen at lenjilh tn veelile himselfe
with c'liiditinns to faille king Richard 2(KM)(). markes in goldc fur ameiuis of «urh spoylesas
he hail 1,'iitten of them that were drowned, also to restore all the capliues againe to the king:
aiul furthermore, he in his owne nersnn to attend v|nin the king to the laiiile ol lerusalem, in
Udds scniice and his, with 4<M). horsemen, and TMN). fnoirnien : in pledge whereof he yn<'r!0 '
giue til hii* hands his castles, and his onely daughter, and would liold his kingdnmn (.' lum.

This done, and the Kmperour swearing (idelilie to king Hichard before, (■•:iAo king of Icru-
Mletn, and the prince of Anlioche (who were cmne thither to l/i,^ tdchard a little before)
peace was taken, and Isakiiis committed to the wanh- "f (criaine keepers. Notwithstanding
ihorlly after he breaking from his keepers, uas againe at dcdaiice with the King : whereupon
king iiichanl besetting the Hand of Cyprus round about with siijpiics and gallics, did in such
sort preuaile, that the soMccfs of the land were constrained to veelde llieinspjues to the King,
and at last the daughter of the Kmperour, and the lvm|)erour hiniselfe, whom king Hirhan!
eau-ed to be kept in fetters of gold and siluer, ami to be sent to the citie of Tripolis.

These things thus done, aiul all set in order touching the possession of the lie of Cyprus,
the keeping whereof he committed to Hadulphe sonne of (iodfrcv I.ord Chamberlaine. being
then thelirsi day of lime \ pon the fifi of the saide motu-lh, king Hichard departed from the
He of C\prus, with his shippes and gallies toward the siege of Achon, and on the next mor-
rowetame to Tvriis, where bv procurement of the I'rench king he was restrained bv the Ci-
ti,rcns to enter. The next d.iv after, wliii h was the first day of lune, crossing the seas, he
met with a great carak fraught with souldiers and men of warre to tin' innnber of a lluuisand
and fine huiulred, which pretending to be Frencimien, and setting fuorth th«'ir tiagge with
the French armes, were indeede Saracens, secretly sent with wilde lire and certaine b.irrels
of \nknowen serpents to the defence of the towne of .\chon, which king Kichard at length
perceiuini;, effscMines sol \piin them aiul so vancpiished them, of whom the most were
drowned and some taken aline : which being onic knowen in the lilie of Ai hon, as it was
a great discomfort to them, so it was a great heipe to the Christians fur winning the citie

The next day after which was the seiienth of lune, king Kichanl came to .\chon, wiiic h
at that lime had bene lon^ Ix-siejjed l)\ the Chrisii.ms. .\fier whose cnmming it was luit
long, but the Pagans witliin the citie, seeing their wals to lie \Mderinined and towers ouer-
thniwen, were driuen by loinpusition to escapewitli life ami limine, to surrender the citie to
the two kings.

Another great hcipe to the Christians in winning the citie, was this. In the said city of
Achon there was a secret Christian anunig the Sarac ens, who in time of the siege thereof vscd
at MiiuIrN limes to cast oiierthe wals into the campe of the Christians, certaine bits written in
Helirue, (ireeke, and I.atine, wherein he disclcHed to the Christians from time to time, the
doings and cnunsels of the enemies, adiiertising them how and what way they should worke,
and what to beware, and alwayes his letters began thus. In nomine I'atris, it Filij, \ Spirittis
saiKti Amen. Uy reiLson whereof the Christians were much nduantaged in their proceedings:

but

NOI

if
ra|

mi
am

Ulc. tilt I.

niiydeii, Pii-
thnt nil the
ore KallioN.
i<\\t pilchril
r, lie woiilil
sanu' innrn-
carly in the
r, ii)'«imiicl)
liiinx (o the
Kiwcr p.iri

iiorliv afler
i((l tfir Haiil
/rm.

(If himtti'lfr
I xpoylcM a-*
In tin- kinn'.
Icnixnli'ii), in
(•of lir yn"r!C
111" (." dun.
kitty of IiTii-
lililf l«fiTf)
Iwilhst.imliii^
whrrciipiiii
s, (11(1 ill sucli
s to the Kinjj,
kinfj Hi'-li;irtl
xilis.

Ic of CypniM,
rrl.iinr, bfinj;
irtcd friim the
the nr\l mor-
110(1 l)v ilu" Ci-
H tllf ^VM>, he
of ii liiousaiul
ir Ha;,'i;r with
"rtiiiiif b.irri'U
hard nt Iciii'th
u" nidst wfrr
rlioii. as it was
; tin- liiiiv
Achoii, wliidi
iii^ it was iKii
I towers oiuT-
liT llic ( iiic Id

\w said ( i(y df
;f thrreof vscd
biU wriitoii in
V to tiiiK-, the
should worko,
ilij, iS: Spiritiw
r proceedings:

luii

ii '

K. Rtc. I.

rHAI'FIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

but thin wan a Rreat hcauinei4 vnt" them, that neither he would vlter his name, nor when the
eitic wa* H"t did thev eiier vndenttand who lie wati.

To make of a long sieije a short narration. Vpon the twelfth day of Inly thr yeere aforeMid,
(he Prince* and Captained of the ranans, vpon agreement rettorted to the tent of the Templa-
ries to rommunc with the two kinj^s touching peace, and giuing \p of their citie ; the forme
(if which peace wa« thus.

I That ilic Kiiii's Nliould hauc the citic of Achon freely and fully deliuered vnio them, Ti" ''rmt «»

..,,,.,'■',■ ptK. cuiirlu.

With all which was (herein. dtii hxwrfnt

S Thai .itK). captiuei' of the Chriittian* should be restored to thom, which were in .\choii. |]jj ^'"«'*"J

',i That the holy crossc should be to tliein reiulred, an<.U. iiioiisand Chri'tian captiucs with Alhuo""'
twohuiidreth horsemen, whosoeuer they themselucs would chose out of all them which were
in the power of the Saladine

4 That they would giue \iilo the Kings two hundreth thousand Bysanls, ho that they thciii-
seliics should reniaiiie as pjedj^es in the kings hands, for the performance hereof, that if in
Corlie daies, the albresaycl i nuenaiits were not accomplished, tliey tthould abide the King* .
nic|'i»' touching life and liinnie.

* Tlu-e couenanls being agreed vpim, the Kings sent their souldiers and seruants into the ci-
tie. to take a hundreth of the richest A: best of the city, to close them vp in towers vndcr
strong keeping, iV the residue tluv conimiltcd to be kepi in houses and in slrcotes, ininistriiij^
viiin them according to their iiece-isities: to whom notwith tanding this they prcmitfed, that
so maiiv of them as would be bapti/.ed and receiiie the f.iith of Christ, should be free to goe
whither they would; wherupon inanv there were of the I'ag.ins, which lor fearc of death
preieiuleil lo be b.ipti/ed, but afterward sosoone as they could, reuolted againe tothe Saladine:
for the which it was afterward coinmanded by the Kings, that none of them should be bap-
ti/.ed against their wils.

The thirteenth day of the»aid monclh of luly, King Philip of France, and king Richard,
alter they had obteined the possession of Ac hon, deiiided betweene them all things therein
ronteined as well the people as guide aud sijuer, with all other furniture whatsoeuer was re-
maining in the citie : who in deuidiiig the spoyle, were so good earners to theinseliies that
the Knights and Harons had but litle to their share, whereupon they began to sflew thenisehieit
Moinewhai discontented, which being knowen of the kings, they sent them answere that their
wils should be satisfied

The twentieth (lav (d' Iiilv, kiiiu Kichard speaking with tlie French King, desired him that
lhe\ two with their arinics, would bnide iheinsehic- by othe lo remainc there stil in the land
of Icrusalem the space ol' '•{. \ ceres, lur the wi lining and recoueriiig againe of those couiitrevs:
but he sayd he would swc.iie no such othe, and so the next d.iy alter king Hichard with his
wife and sister entred into llu- ( itie of .\choii, and there placed himselfe in tlie kings pallace:
The Freiidi kin;; reiii.i\ nin^ in the houses of the feniplaries, where he continued till the end
of llial moni'th.

About the beginniiiK of the nioneth ol August, Pliilip the French king after that he and
King Hichard had made agreement betweene (luido iV Conradiis the Marques, about the king-
dome of leriisaleiii, went from .\clion toTvrus, notwith-^ianding king Richard & all the Princes
of the Christian ariiiie with gnat intreaiic desired him to tary, shewing what a shame it
were for him to come so larre, and now to leaue viulone that for which he came, and on the
.'{. d.iy of .\ugusi departed from T\ rus, leaning the lialle |iart of the Citie of Achon, in the
hands of the aforesayd Conradus Manpies

Alter his de|iarlure the Pagans ril'iwed to keepe their couenants made, who neither would Thr Prcich
restore the holy Crohse nor the monev. nor their captiues, sending word to king Richard, that {f|"|'' •''•'""•
if he beheaded the pledges lelt with hi n at Achon, they would ehoppe oH'ihe heads of such humr.
captiues of the Christians, as were in their hands.

Shortly after this the Sal.idiiie sending great gifts to king Richard, requested the time li-
mited for beheading of the captiues to be proroged. lint the king refused to take his gifts,
and to graunt his reque>t, whereupon the Saladine cau»ed all the Christian captiues within his

po.sses.sion

■i.ll

V*>v .

ij %>.

h •'■

r..t I,

I);- i

'% ■

riip iMptiuts

oltlip Sara-
cciis sUine l>y
King RichaiJ.

A iK>table vic-
one agiinsc

Ring Ricnird
in poise»iion c'
Syria.

119:^.

Kirp Richard
fft.jrncth ficm

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

K. Ric. the I

posscs.-iion forthwith to be beheaded, which was the 28. orAiigusi: which albeit king Richard
vndcrstood, yet would not he preuent the time before limitted for the execution of his pri-
soners, being the 20. day of August ; vj)on which day he cau.sed the prisoners of the Saracent*
openly in the sight of the Saladincs arniie to loose their heads : tlie number of whom came
to uvo thousand and (iue hundrelh, .sane onely that ccrlaine of the principal of them he re-
scrucd for purposes and considerations, especially to make exchange for the holy Cro.sse, and
certaine other of the Christian captiues.

After this king Richard purposed to !)e<iegc the Citie of loppe, where by the way befweene
Achon and loppe, neere to a towne called .\ssur, Saladine witl» a great multitude of his Sara-
cens came fiercely against the kings rcreward, but through Gods mercifull grace in the same
battell, the kings warriers acquited them^elues so well, that the Saladine was put to flight,
whom the Christians pursued the space of .'<. miles, & he lost that same day many of his Noble-!
& Captaincs, in such sort (as it was thought) that the Saladine was not pi'~ to such confusion
40. yercs before, and but one Christian Captaine called lames Auernus in that conflict wa»
ouerthrowen.

From thence king Richard proceeding further went to loppe, and then to Ascalon, where
he found lirst the citie of loppe forsaken of the Saracens, who durst not abide the kings com-
ming : Ascalon the Saladine threw downc to the ground, & likewise forsooke the whole land
of Syria, through all which land the king had free passage without resistance: neither durst
'le Saracenc Prince encounter after that with K. Richard. Of all which his atcheuances the
ayd K. Richard sent his letters of certificate as well into KnglanJ, as also to the Abbot of Clara
vallc in France, well hoping y he God willing should be able to make his rcpaire againe ti>
them by Faster next.

Many other famous acts were done in this voyage by these two Kings, and moc should
hnue bene, had not they falling into disrordc disscMUTcd tiuMnselucs, bv reason whereof Philip
tiic Frencli knig returned home againe within >h(irt sji.k c: \vho i)cing returned againe cftsoone>
inuaded the countrev of Normandy, exciting aI>o hilin the bmiluT of king Richard, to take
on him the kingdoine of Englande in lii-i brothers absence: wlin then made league vpon the
same with the French king, and did Immago \ iiio liiin, whii h was about the fourth yeere of
king RicharJ. V'ho then being in S\ri.i, and hearing thereof, made pea<c with the Turkes
for three yeeres : aim not long after, kinu Riciiard the ne.tt spring (ollowing returiud also,
who in iiis refurnednueii h\ distrcs^e ni wcaihci- .ilinut the p.irls oflli-iria, in a towne called
Synaca, was there taken bv Lvinpold, Diikc of liie s.imc counlrev, and sosoiile to the Fmpe-
rour for sixtie tlrmsand .Niarkos : who lor im small ioy thereof, writeth to Philip the French
king, these letters here follo\siiig

The letter of the 1

.inperour to Philij) the I reiicii king, cuiucrning (he taking of
Kini; Hiihaid.

HF'iricus Dei gratia Koinaiidnnn Iin])ciai(ir, N: semper Augustus, Dileito iS: speciali amic-
-no, i'hilippn illiistri Fraiuoruin Rcgi ■•aliitein, iS: sinceric dilci lionis aflectuni. (iuoiiiam
Impcratoria Celsiiudo non diibiiai Regalcm Magnilic'iiliam tuam la'tiorein efliii. i!e vniuersis
i|Uil)Us omnipotenlia crealoris nostri no- i|)s()s, iv Romanuin Imperiiim hoiioraucrit «!« e\-
altauerit, nobilitati tii.e tciiore pr.csfiitiuin dec larare duxiimis, iju'hI inimiciis Imperij nosjri,
iV- turbatcr Regiii lui Rex Aiigliie, (luinn csset in transeundo nnue ad \r.\rtc< suas reuersurus,
accidit vt ventus rupta naiii sua. in (pia ipse erat, induieret eiiin in p:irl(s llistria? ad locum
qui e-t inter A(|uileiam, & X'eneiias. Vbi He\, Dei permissione passus nauCragiuin cum
paucis eiiasit.

Quidam itaq; fidelis nosier Ciine-, .Mavnardusde Grooxce, & populusregionis illius, aiidilo
quod in terra erat, & considcrato <liligeiitiiis, qualein nominatns Hex in terra proHiissionis
proditionem & tradilioiicm, & pcrditionis su;r cunuihim exercueral, inseculi sunt, inieiidenies
eum captiu:ire. Ipso auteni Ilege in rugain comierso, < eperunt desuisocto mililes: Posimo-
dum processit Rex ad Hurguin in Archiepi-icopatu Salseburgciisi, (pii vocatur I'risornm, \l)i
Fridericus de Iletesow, Kcgc cum tribus tantum versus Austrian! properanle, iiociu sex milites

Ric. the 1

jiig Rirharil
1 of his pri-
tlic Saraceni*
whom came
them he re-
Crosiie, and

[>y betweene
of his Sara-
in the same

put to flight,
f his Noblc-i

ch confusion
conflict wan

calon, where
e kings com-
wliolc land
leither durst
leuances tlie
bbot of Clara
re againc Id

I moe should
icrcof Phili|>
iiic cftsoonts
hard, to take
;ue vpon the
irth yeere of
h the Turkes
ituriud also,
towne called
Id the ICmpe-
) the French

iking of

peiiali amici.'
1. Uuoiiiani
, (If \ niuersis
aucrit iV e.\-
nperij nos|ri,
IS rcuersurys,
riap ad locMni
franiuin cum

illius, audit. I
|)ro/iiissionis
I, intciuleMie«i
U's: I'ostmo-
I'risorum, \l)i
In sex niilirc
.If

K.Jiicl.

TRAFFIQliES, AND DISCOUERIES.

de snis coepit : Diiectus autcm Consangiiinens noster Lym|)oldus Dux Austriae, obseruata
strata sasp^, dictum Regem iuxta Denam in villa viciniori in domo dcspecta captiuauit.

Cum itiiq; in nostra nunc habcatur Poicstale, & ipse semper tua molestauit, & turbationis
operam pracstiterit, ea <pix praeniissimus, nobilitati tuac insinuarc curauimus: scicntes ca
(lilcctioni tua; bene placila existere, animo tiio vberrimain iniportarc liutitiam. Datum apud
Rilheonnt'im 5. Kalendas lanun.

King Richard being thus traitorously taken, and solde to the Emperourby the Duke ofAu-
stridgc for (iOOOO. niarkcs, was there kept in custodie a yeere and 3. moncths.

In sonic stories it is adirmed, that King Richard returning out of Asia, came to Italy with
prosperous winde, where he desired of the Pope to beabsojued of an othc made against his
will and could not obteine it : and so setting out from thence towards England, passing by the
Countrcy of Conradus the Marques whose death (he being slaine a litle before) was falsly
imputed bv the French king to the king of England, there traiterously was taken (as is afore-
savde) by Liin[)(<ldus duke of Aiistridge.

Albeit in another stone I finde the matter more credibly set forth : which saith thus. That
king Richard slewethe brother of this Limpoldus, playing with him at Chessc in the French
Kings Court : and Limpoldus taking his vantage, was more cruel against him and deliucred
him (asissaydc) to the Empcrour. In whose custodie he was deteined during tlie lime
aboue mentioned, a \ cere & .'i. moncths. During which time of the kings endurance, the
Trench king in the nicane season stirrctl warre in Normandie: and Earle lohn the Kings bro-
tlicr, niadestirrc and iiuiaded England, but the Barons and Bishops of the land niighlil\ with-
stood him.

;\i length it was so agreed and concluded with the Eni|)eriiur, that king Richard ^ll ikl be
released for a lunuirclh and fourc thousand pound; of which nionev part should reinaine lo
the Duke of Austridge, the re-t ^hon!d lie the llinperours. The sumnie of whic!i money was
here gathered and made in I'.ngland of chalices, crosses, shrines, randi'vsiickes and other CJiurch
place, also with pulilil-c cnntriljiilion of I'ricrs, Abbots, and other siibicits of the Rcahne :
wlicrcol part was prescntlv paid, and for the re■^i(lne remaining, lioslages and |iledge> were
taken, which was about the lift vecrc of his reigne : and then it was obtcined of the Pope,
tliat I'ricstes migiit celt brate with Chaiicc-. df l;iitcn and linne.

At what lime this afnresaide inoiiex \va'» pa\df, -muI tlic ho-iages ginen for tne ransonieof
i!ie Kiii;;, I liaue an oide historic which >aith, ih.it the aforesaid Dukeof ■\iistridge was shortly
.liter |)l, lulled by (icul, with ."). siindrv plagues,

I'ii«l, with ihe burning of his cjiicl'e Tuwiies.

'i. With ilrouniiiL; lA tcnne tlious.md of hi- men in a (lood happening no man t; ii tell how.

.'{. l'>\ turning all llic cares of his i orne licKlcs into wcrmc-.,

4. By taking away almost all ihe Nobles of his Iniul bv death.

.') By breaking his dune leg filling from hi- horse, which leg he was compelled to cut ofl'
>viih his owiie h.mds, ;iiul afterwards died of the ,-aine: who then at hi> dcalli is reported lo
I'orgiiic K Ricli.ird .itdMK) mirks, ;iiid sent home the ho-la^es that were with him And i'ur-
tlicr a I iMlaine luokc inlitnled I'.iilogiiim deciarelh, that the savd I.impoldiisdiike of Aiisliich
lell ill di-pleasiire with the l;ishii|) of Rome, and died CMivrnmunicate the next \e.'re after,
Anno IMtl)

lint thus, as \ou haue heard, Richard the King was ransomed l*^- deliiiered from the coiie-
toiis captiiiitie id' the Em|)eror. and returning home made an ende of his \ovage for .Asia,
which was both hoivui-able to himsell'e and to all Christian st.ites, Init to the .S.iracens the
enemies of Chri-liaiiilie, terrible and dishunoiirable.

fhis historic of King Richards voiage to leriisalem is very excellenilv and largely
written in I.atinc by Gnilielmus Neobrigcnsis, and lioiccr Uoneden.

im lU of tJiKt
v|'iin ihtr Duke
of Austtu.

I! II

1 .

J.pitai

ihium

■I

\''

u. :

I !

'!■

Ciuitllloppc

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Bald, of Deuofi.

Kpitaphium Richardi primi regis Angloruin apud rontem Ebraldi.

SCribitur hoc auro, rex aiiree, laus tua tota

aurea, inaterias conueniente nota.
Laus tua prima fuit Siculi. Cyprus altera, Drotno

tenia, Caruanna quarta, suprema 'lope.
Retrusi Siculi, Cyprus pessundata, Dronio

tncrsus, Caruauna capta, rctenta lope.

Epitaphiuin eiusdcm vbi viscera eius requiescunt.

Viscera Karcolum, corpus fons seruat Ebraldi,
& cor Rothomagus, magne Ricliarde, tuum.

The life and trauailes of Baidwiuus Dcuonius, sometime Archbishop of Canterbury.

BAIdwinus Dcuonius, tenui loco Exccsirix natus, vir ore facuudus, cxactus Phiiosophus,
& d omnc studiorum genus per illos dies aptissimus inuenicbatur. Scholarum rector primiim
erat, turn j)ostea Archidiaconus, eruditior.c ac sapientia in omnt ncgotio Celebris: fiiif pra;-
tercit Cisfercicnsis Monarhus, & Abbas Fordcnsis Ccenobij, niagnus suorum apstimatione, ac
vniiicrsas corum societati quasi Antesignanus : fuit dciiide Wigornicnsis prxsul, fuit 8c mortuo
demiini Kichardo Cantiiarionim Archicpiscopus, ar totius Anglia; Primas. Cui muneri B.iid-
winus sollicitt^ inuigilans, cgregium se pastorem cxhibuit, doininirum semen, quantum patic-
batur eius temporis iniquitas, vbique locorum spargt-ns. Richardus Anglorum rex, acceptiw
tunc regni insignijs, summo studio dasscm, ac onjuia ad Ilierosolymitanuin belliim gcrendum
nccessaria parauit. Sccutus est illiciN regcm in Syriain, 8c Pahcstinam vsque Baldwinus, vi
essef in tarn Saiirto (vtipse putabat) iiincre liljurum, doiorum, ac pcriciilonim particcps.
Pra^fuit Cantuaricnsi Ecclcsia' fcr6 6. annis, 8c Kichardum rcgem in Syriam sccutus, aiuKi
Saiutis niKtra- I19(). Tyri vitani fiiiiiiit, \l)i 8c st'|)iiltiis est.

Till" same in luigli-^li.

BAIdwine a Dcuonshirc man biiriu- in lAcctcr I'f iiu;in |)arcnf:igc, was a very eloquent
ma;i, :ir. exact Philosoplicr. and in those (l.i\r-. \tTv r\( client in all kind of studies. He was
first of all ,i Schoiileniaster . altri wards lie lieeame an Aichiicacon, veiv lanious tor his learn-
ing 8c wisciloin in all his (loinj;-. Me was also a Cisieri ian Monke and Abbot of Foon! Mo-
nasteric, and the ehiefi' of all lliose that were d his order: he grew after this to be bishop
of Worcester, and at last after the <leath of Anlib. Richard he was promoted 8c made Arch-
bishop of ("aiiterburv, ami Primate of all r.nglaiid. In the disdiarne of which place he being
vcrv \igilaiil, shewed hintselfe a worthv Pastor, sowing the seed oi Gods wcird in euerv i)l,ice
as I'arre fourth as the initiniiie of ih.a time pcriiiilted In his time king Kn hard wifli all in-
jlcuonr prepared a Pleet and :ill things ncc essarv for w;ii;ing of warre .ig;iinst the Fntidels at
lenisalcm, taking; with him the -landerd :iihl ensii;rie> of the kingdoinc. 'I'his Haldwioe eft-
soones folowcil llie kiiii: into S\ ria and Palestiiia, as one desirons to i)c partaker ol his trauailes,
paines, and perils in so holy a voyage, lice w;is .\rrl)!)i-hop of Canterhurie almost sixe yeres:
but haning followed the king into Syri.i, in the veere illK). he died at T\ re, wlicre he w;i9
also bnricd.

An annotation < oiu ertiing tin' trau;iiles of the savd Baldwine, taken out of GirakUm
Cambrensis, in bis Iiinenriuni Cambria-, lib. 2. Ca]). 14. Pol. iiliy.

INier primos Thoma- Bcckeii surressor hie secundus, audita saluatoris & sahitiferie Cnn is
iniuria nostris ( prf)h dolor) diebiis per Saladinnin irrogata, criice signatiis, in eiiixdcm ol,s(v
quijs, tarn remotis finihus (pi.iin propinqiiis prajdicationis oilicium viriliter a.isuinpsit. Et
postmodum iter accipiens, nanigioque fmigeiisapiid .Marsiliam. transcurso tandem [)ela^i pn-
fundo, in portii Tyreiisi incolmni.s applicuil: & indead exerrituin nostrum obsiiientem [)a-
rilcr & obses.suin Aconcm transiuii \bi mnltos ex nostris inueniens, & fer«'>riinitos pr'tni-

pinri

f. of Deuon.

Ric. Canonicus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

erbury.

PIiilosopluM,
cturprimiiin
fiiif pra;-
timutione, ac
uit & inortuo
niineri B.ilil-
aiitum patic-
rcx, accept !•»
im gcreniliini
taldwinus, vt
in particcps.
ccutus, anno

ery cloqueui
lies. He was
lor lii^i Irarn-
if I'oonl Mo-
to l)p lii-liop
c III ad i- Arcli-
ilacf he l)oing
ti rucry pl.icc
ril with all iti-
tlic Infidels at
Balilwiiif cft-
r liis traiiaili'-i.
'st sixe yiTCs
wliiTf he was

Girali.lu5

iriCiTif ( 'rue IS
•iiisilfin (it/sc-
ssiiin()sit. Kt
m pelani pn-
)-i»li'!itein pa-
iiiKtos prMui-
pil:n

pum defectu, in summa desolatione iam positos, & desperatione, alios quidem longa expec-
tatione fatigatox, alios fame & inopia grauiter afflictos, quosdam verd aeris inclementia
distemperatos, diem foelicilfer in terra aacra clausunis extremum, singulos pro posse vinculo
charitatis ainplectens, sumptibus & impensis, verbis, & vitae meritis coniirmauit.

The same in English.

THis Baldwine being the second successor vnto Thomas Becket, after he had heard J' wrong
which was done to our Sauioiir, and the signe of the Crosse by Saladine the Sultan of Egypt,
taking vpon him the Lords Character, he coiiragiously perfourmed his office of preaching in
the obedience thereof, as well in farre distant Countreis as at home. And afterwards taking
his journey and iinbarking himselfe at Marseils, hauing at length passed f L«*uant sea, he
nrri'ied safely in the Hauea of Tyrui^, and from thence went ouer to Achon vnto our armic,
besieging the Towne, and yet (as it were) besieged it selfe : where finding many of our
Countreymcn, and almost all men remaining in wonderfull pensiuenesse and despaire, through
the withdrawing of the Princes, some of them tyred with long expectation, others grieuousiy
afflicted with hunger and poucrlic, and others distempered with the heate of the weather,
being leadv happily to ende his dayes in the Holy land, embracing euery one according to
hisabilifie in the bond of lone, he ayded them at his costes and charges, and strengthened
them with his wordes and good examples of life.

A note drawen out of a very ancient booke remaining in the hands of the right wor-
shipfull M. Thomas Tilncy Esquire, touching Sir Frederike Tilnoy his ancestor,
knighted at Aeon in the Holy land for his valour, by K. Richard the (irst, a.s fo-
loweth.

I'lirlinuit iste liber priiis Frederico Tilncy de Boston, in comitatu Lincolni;e rauiliti facto
apud Aeon in terra Iiidca; anno Regis Richardi priini tertio. Vir erat iste magnte statura; &
potens in corpore : qui cum patribus .••uis dormit apud Tirrington iuxta villam sui nominis
Tilney in .Mershland. Cuius altiludo in salua (9Ustodia permanet ibidem vsque in hunc diem.
Et post eius obitum sexdcccm miliiibus eius nominis Tilney hxreditas ilia successiu^ obuenit,
quorum vnus post aliiim semper habitabat apud Boston pr ctum : dum fratris senioris hee-
reditas hatred! gcnerali deuoluia est, qua- nupta est lohanni duci Norfolcias. Eorum miles
vitimus fuit Philippiis Tilney luiperde Shellcigh in Comitatu Suffolciae, pater & genitor Thomae
Tilney de IIadleij;h in Comitatu pra-dicto Armigeri, cui modo attinet iste liber. Annoaetati^
suit 04. Anno Domini lbb6.

The -^aine in English.

Tllis booke pertained in times past vnto Sir Frederick Tilncy of Boston in the Countie of
l.incolne, who wa- vni^^hted .it A- in in the land of Iiirie, in the third yeere of the reigne
of king Richard th* first. This knight w.is of a tall stature and strong of body, who resteth
interred with his lorefafhers at Tirrington, neere vnto a towne in Marshland called by his
owiie name Tilney. The iusi height of this knight is there kept in sat'e custody vntill this
very day. Also, after this mans decease, the inheritance of his landes fell successiuely vnto
sixtcene sundry knights called all by the name of Tilney, who dwelt alwases, one after ano-
ther, at the towne of Boston aforesayd, vntill such time as the possess! is of the elder bro-
ther fell vnio an hcire general, which wa.s maried vntn lohn duke of Northfolke. The last
l^niuhl of that name was sir Philip Tilncy late of Shellcigh mi the Countie of Suftblke, j)rc-
decessor nnd father vntoThoMias Tilney of Hadleigh in tlie Countie aforesayd Esquire, vnto
whom tile sayil booke cf late appertained. In the yeere of his age 64. and in the yeere of
our Lord, If>j6.

The tranailes cf one Richard surnamed Canonicus.

Klchardus Canonicus ad Trinitatis fanum Londini Regularis, ab ipsa pueri'la, bonaruro

••itiiim literas impens^ rnmuit, excoluit, ac didicit. Qui ex cuntiiuio labore atque exercita-

vot II. K tione

1 I

Iti •:

lit'

'!■ :

PL >

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Cul. Peregrinus.

tione tonga, talis tandem euasit orator, & Poeta, quiles ea aetas rarissimos nutriebat. Ob
id Richardo Anglorum tunc Regi chariH, lonuam cum eo peregrinatioiiem in Pala?stinam ac
Syriam, duni expugnaret Turcas, suscepit. Vnde in Angliam turn demum reuersux, omnia
quae prcscns vidit in vrbibus, agrisi, ac militum ca'^tris^, fideli narratione, tan carmine qu^m
prosa descripsit. Neque interim omisit eiusdem Regis mores, & formam, per omnia corporis
lincamenfa designare, addiditque prasclaro suo operi hoc aptissimum pro titulo nomen, sci-
licet, Itinerarium Regis Richardi. Claruit anno redemptionis nosfnc 1200. sub loanne An-
glorum Rege.

Tiic same in English.

Richard surnamed Canonicus an obseniant Frier of Trinitie Church in London, was in
great loue with the studies of good Artes, and tooke paincs in them and learned them. And
at last by his continuall endeuour and long exercise therein, hec grewe to bee such an Ora-
tour and Poet, as fewe were in that age lining, by reason whereof hee grew in fauour with
Richard then King of England, and vndertooke that long voyage with him into Palestinn and
Syria agaynst the Turkes. From whence being returned againc into England, hee faithfully
described both in Verse and Prose all .such things as hee had scene in the Cities, fieldcs and
tentcs of the souldiours, where hec was present, and omitted not to note the behauiour,
forme, and proportion of body in thi- forosayil king, giuing to his notable worke this mcxst
apt name for the title. The lournall of King Kichard. He flourished in the yeerc of our Re-
demption 1200. vnder lohn king of England.

The trauaiirs of (iulielmus Peregrinus,

GVlielmiis Peregrinus, Poeta ((iiidcin \tcv ram jclalein exrcllens, gcnerc Angliis florrbaf,
literarum, vt multi Iniic erant, amator maximus. iV qui bona tempora melioribus impenderat
itudijs. Hir cum ;i( cepisset, cxijcditionem in Sarateiios per Itegcm Hichanium parari, af-
cinxit se ad iter iliiid, non tantuni vt miles, scd ctiani peregrinus. \ idit ea qua- in Mart
Hispanico (iebaiif, \i(iir ipin" in .'<vria dC- I'ala^tipa comniis'ja fucnint, in Sulianum Habvlonia'
Kegem, ar pcrlidos .Sarrac cno*. Omnia liier ^icripsit, & \iuis depinxit loloribus, ita vt quasi
prap oculis, totinn pimiTii negotium, idemque Argunientum cum Kirhardo (^anoniro non in-
fcpliciter, Heroico pertraciauit carmine, opi'isci; iam ahsuluium Iluberto Cantiiariorum .Ar-
chiepisiopo, & Stephano Turnhamo C'apitaneo reruni beilirarum cxpcrfis>imo dedirauif,
addito hoc titulo, Odeporiroii Richardi Regis. Miillaque alia edidissc Poctam talem non
diibilo, scd nuni extent ilia eins scripla, milii non (onstai. Hoc tamen satis constat, euin
fiiisse in j)retio, Anno a salutil'ero \irginis partu l'itX>. sub .Anglorum Rege loanne.

The same in English.

William the Pilgrime, a very excellent Poet in those dayes and an Englishman borne,
was of great fame, being much giuen to good letters, (as manv then were) and bestowed his
good time in the best kiiide of studies. Hee vnderstanding of the pre|)aratioii <if king Ri-
chard against the Saracens, prepared himselfe also for the same voyage, not onely as a .Soul-
dioiir, but as a Pilu;rime also. He sawe those thing* which happened in the Spanish Seas, and
which Were done in Svria and Palestina, against the Sultan the king of Habylon, and the
trerheroiit Saracens. All which things he wrote and expressed them as it were in liuel> colours,
as if tliey h.ui bene still in doing before his eyes, and handled the same Argument in lleroicall
ver-e which the forenamed Richard Canonicus did. And hauing finished his worke he dedi-
cato<l it to lluben .\rchbisho|) of Canterburie, and to Ste|)hni Turneham a most expert
Cap'aiite ol the warres, giuing it lis Tiile, The expedition of King Richard. And 1 dcjubt
not Init tli.it -o good a I'oei a-i hec was |)n1)lished in;mv other things, but whether they be
extant yea or no, I know not : but this I know, that he was a man well accounted of, and
flourished in the veere alter the birth of Christ 1200. vndcr king lohn.

The

'cregrinus.

iebat. Ob
aestinam ac
Nus, omnia
mine qu^m
lia corporis
lomen, sci-
loanne An-

ion, was in

tliem. And

ich an Ora-

faiiotir with

;ilc$tinn and

e (ailhluily

ficldcs and

beiiauiour,

e this most

7 of our Ke-

Iiis florrlinf,
impcndcrat
1 ])ar;iri, af-
]u,T in Mari
i\ H;\hyi(inia>
ila vt quasi
niro non in-
ariorum Ar-

dfdiraiiif,

1 tairn) noii
ronstat, ciun
nc.

man bornr,
l)i'siowed his

(if kin^ Ki-
ly as a Soul-
ish Seas, and
Ion, and the
iiely colours,

in Heroicall
■kf he dcdi-
most expert
And I diiubi
•icr they be
iited of, and

The

Rob. Cnrson'..

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

«>

The large contribution to the succour of the Holy land, made by king lohn king
of England, in the third yeere of his reigne 1201. Matth. Paris and Holinsh.
pag. 164.
AT the same time also the kings of France and England gaue large money towards the
maintenance of the army which at this present went foorth vnder the leading of the earle of
Flanders and other, to warre against the enemies of the Christian faith at the instance of
pope Innocent. There was furthermore granted vnto them the fortieth part of all the reae-
nues belonging vnto ecclesiasticall persons, towards the ayd of the Christians then being in
the Holy land : and all such aswel of the nobility, as other of the weaker sort, which had
taken vpon them the crossc, and secretly layed it downe were compelled eftsoones to receiue
it now againe.

The trauailes of Hubert Walter bishop of Sarisburie.

HVbertus Walterus Sarisburiensis Episcopus, vir probus, ingenioq; ac pietate clarus, inter
praccipuos vnus eorum erat, qui past Richardum i^gem expugnandorum Saracenorum gratia in
Svriam proliciscebantur. Cum ex Palasstina rediens, audiret in Sicilia, quod idem Kichardus
ill inimicorum manus incidissct, omisso itinere incoepto, ad eum cursim diiiertebat : Quein
& illc statim in Angliam misit, vt illic regij Senatus authoritate, indicto pro eius redemp-
tionc tributo pcciiniam coHijieret, quod & industrius fecit ac regcm liberauit. Inde Cantuario-
runi Archiepiscopus facliis, post ciiis mortem loanni illius fratri ac successori paria fidelitatis
ollicia prKstitit. I.oiiga enim oratioiie toti Anglorum nation! persuasit, quod virprouidus, pras-
stans, fords, gencre nobilissimus, & imperio dignissimus esset : quo saliitatus a populo fuit,
atiiiie in regem ciiroiuitiis. Cdiiiposuit qu%dain opuseula, & ex immenso animi dolore de-
minn obijsse liTltir, Anno salutis liiiinanne I'iO.J. rum scdissc: nnnos 11. Menses octo, &
(lit'.; scx. Qiiuni \i(lissct c\ iiitcstinis odijs, omnia in transmr.r''.is rcgionibus pessilm ire,
regnantc loannc.

The same in English.

HVbert Walter bishop of Sarisburie, a \ertuous man, and famous for his good wit and
pict\ , was one of the rhicfest of them that followed king Richard into Syria going against
the .Saracens. As he relumed from Palxstina and came in his iourney into Sicilia, he there
heard of the ill fortune of the king l)eiT)g fallen into his enemies handes, and thereupon
leaning his iourney homewards, he went presently and in all haste to the place where the
king was captiued, whom the king immediatly vpon his comming sent into England, that by
the authority of the eouniell, a tribute might be collected for his redemption : which this
Huljerl performed with great diligence, and deliucred the king. After thus he was made
Ar(lil)i^h()p of C'aiilerbuiie, and alter the death of king Rich.ird he shewed the like dueties
of lidelitic and trust to hin brother lohn that succeeded him. For bv a long oration he pcr-
swaded the whole nation of the F.nglisii men, that he was .■>. very circumspect man, vertuous,
\aliant, borne of noble pirentage, and most woorthy of the crowne. Whereupon he wasso
receiued of all the peoj)le and < rowned king. He wrote certaine books, and died at the last
with very great gricfe of" iniiule, in the yeere ISO."), hauing beene arcidiishop the space of
II yeres 8 moneths and ixc daycs, by reason of the ciuil discords abroad, whereby all
things went topsie fumy, ai d in the reigne of king lohn.

The trauailes of Robert Ciirson.

ROberf'is Cnrson ex nobili quodam Anglonim orfns gcnere, disciplinis tuin prophanis,'
lum sacris stiidiosus incubuit, idque (quantum ex coniecturis lolligo) in celebratissima Ox-
(inii .\caJeniia. I'r.xstantissimis illic institutoribus vsus, ex suinma circa ingenuas artes in-
iliistria, iV assiduo literarum labore, famam sibi inter suos celeberrimam comparauit. Am-
|iliora delude meditatus Varisiorum Lutetiam, atque Homain ipsam petijt, illic Theoiogus
Ooctor, hie vpr6 Cardinalis ellectus. Viide \terquc Matthaeus I'arisiim, ac Westmona.sierius,

k 2 hoc

1,^1

-V

"tfl

\ 1

r
t!1

0'ti

i.>

ti.

■1 '

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Itan. Glanuilc.

hoc dc ipso testimonium adferunt : hie libro 2. ille 8. suorum Chronicorum. Anno Domini.
IISIS (inquiunt) in caplione Damiatae ^Egypti vrbis, sub loanne Brenno Hierosolymorum
rege, fuit cum Pelagic Albanen^i Magister Robertus de Curson, Anglua, Clericus celeberri-
mus, genere nobilis, ac Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis, &c. Bo!)tonus Burienitis in suo Cata-
logo Cursonum aliquos libro8 composuisse narrat. Claruit anno superios numerate per proe-
dictoM testes in Anglia regnante Henrico tertio loanni^ regis Alio : fuitque hie diebuu Honorij
tertij Romani pontiticia in Angliam, Bostnno teiite, legatus.

The same in English.

Robert Curson descended of a noble family of England, vsed great diligence aitwell in
prophane as in diuine studies in the famous Vniuersity of Oxford (as I conjecture.) He had
there the best scholemastcrs that were to be gotten, and was most industrious in the arts and
continual exercises of learning : by mcanes whereof he grew to be of great renowi.e where
he IJMcd. Afterward thinking of greater matters he went to Paris, and thence to Rome it
sell'e, and at Paris he proceeded doctor of Diuinity, at Rome he wis made cardinall : where-
upon both Matthew Paris & Matthew of Westminster produce this testimony of him, the
one in his second booke, the other in his eight booke of Chronicles. In the yerc of our
Lord (say they) 1218, at the taking of Damiata a cily of Egypt vndcr lohn Brenne king of
lerusalem, M. Robert Curson an English man, a most famous cjearke of noble parentage, and
cardinal! of the churcli of Rome, was there with Pelagius Albanensis, &c. Boston of Buric
in SulTolkein his catalogue rcporfeth, that he wrote diucrs books. He flourished in theyeerc
aforesayd by the witnesses aforesayd. Henry the third sonne of king lohn being then king
of England: and by the further testimony of Boston, this Curson was legate into England in
the d.iyes of Honorius the third, bishop of Home.

The voyage of Ranulph carle of Chester, of Sacr Quincy e.nrle of Winclie-fcr, Wil-
liam de Albanie carle of .\riindcl, with diner-* other noblo nicn to the Holy land,
in the second yere of K. Henry the third. Matth. Paris. Holcnsh. pag. 2()2.

IN the yccre I21H, Hanuli)h earic of Chcslir wa-i sent into the Holy land by king Henry
the th'rd with a f;oodly comjianv of srniiditTs .-ind men of warrc, to ayde the ('luisiians there
against the Infidels, wliirh at the s:ime time had hesieijed the city of Damiala in Egyi>t. In
which enterprise the valiancy of the same earle after his comming thithei w.is to his great
prai-ie most apparani. There went with him in that iourn-'-y Saer de (iuiney earle of Win-
chester, William de Albanie earle of Anmdel, besides diners barms, as the lord Robert (it/.
Walter, lohn ronstuhle of Chester, William de Harecourl, and Oliuer fit/. Kuy sonne to the
king of England, and diners others.

The voyage of Henry Bohiin and Sacr (iiiiniy to the Holy land.

THis yere, being the sixt yere v)f Henry the third, deceased Henry de Bohiin earle of
Hercforl, and S;ier<le (iuincy earle of Win( hcstcr, in their iourney which they made to the
Holy land. Matth. Paris. Holcnsh. pag. 202. col. 2.

The trauaile-i of K.inuiph (Jlanuile earle of Chester.

R.'\nul|)hus(;lanuile Cesfriac Come>^, vir nobilissinii generis, & virojpie inreeruditus, in albo
ilhi-triuin \irorum ;i me mcrilo pnneiulus \cnit. Iia [jrobi- oinnes adolestentiir suae annos
hnibn^ tiMii huinanis turn dininis CdMsecrauit, \t non prins in huminem per ii'tatcni tiiaseril,
<lii.'i:n nomco <|i'( I'lstjue ah insicrni enulitii'Me sihi coniijarauerit. C'lnn profecli esscnt Frati-
cnruni Hemes I'foleni.iidem, inito cum li antie Brenno Ilierosc/ .innrum rege cone ilio, Damia-
tam .!•!'_') |)li \rl)cni ob'-i'lendani constiiiifl):cnf, ;:iino salulis hi!ii!..ii;i' I2IH. .Mi.sit illiic Hen-
riciis re\, ab Honorio .'< Horn. l'(pi!titi( e rogatus, < um magna arniatonim m.inu l{anul|jluim,
ad rem Christiaiiam innatxiam. (,'uius virtns, I'olydoro te»te, in eo hello miris omnium laii-
dihus celtbrata fuit. Qn.i (■mfrcto ncgotio, lianul])! ns in patriam reuerwus, scripsif, De le-
gibus Anglia; librum vnum. Fertur pra'terca, *; alia <[iucdam scripsisse, scd lempus cdax

reruni.

Glanuile.

- .t

Hie. earle of Cornw. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

rcriim, ca nobis abstulit. Claniit anno A Seriiatoris nostri natiuitate 1230 conrectus genio,
diim Henricus tertiiis sub Antichrist! tyrannide in Anglia rcgnarct.

The same in English.

RAnulph Glanuile earle of Chester, a man of a very noble house, and learned in both the
Lawes, deserucs of duetie to be here placed by me in the catalogue of woorthy and notable
men. He applied so well all the yeeres of hw youth to the study of humane and diuine
Lawes, that he rame not so soone to the age of a man, as he had purchased to himselfe by
reason of his singular learning, renowme and honour. When the noble men of France went
to Ptolomais, vpon the counsel! of lohn Brenne king « f leruialem, they resolued to besiege
Damiata a city of Egypt, in the yec ■'. 1218. And then Henry the king vpon the motion of
Honorius the third, bishop of Rome, lent thither this earle Ranulph with a great power of
armed souldiers, to further the enterprise of the Christians; whose valure in that warre (by
the testimonie of Polidor Virgil) was marueilously commended of all mon. After the end
of which businessc, he being returned into his countrey, wrote a booke of the lawes of Eng-
land. It is also reported that he wrote other books, but time the dv."royer of many memo-
rials, hath taken them from vs. He flourished in the yrerc after the natiuity of Christ 1230,
being very aged, and in the reigne of K. Henry the third.

The voyage of Pctrus de Rupibus bishop of Winchester, to Icrusalcm in the ycrc

of grace 1231, and in the 15 of Henry the third.

.\Nnn gratisB 1231, mensc verA lulio, Pctrus Wintoniensis episcopus, completo in terra

sanrta i.un fere per quinquennium m?gnific^ peregrinationis voto, rcuersus est in Angli.-im,

K.nlciidis August! ; & Wintoniam venieus, susceplus est cum proccssioncsoleiini in »\ia cc-

clesia cathcdrali.

The same in English.

IN llie yere of grace 1231, and in the moneth of luly, Peter bishop of Winchester hailing
spi-nt almost flue whole ycres in fulfilling his vow of pilgrimage in the Holy land with great
poiiipe, returned into England, about the Kalends of August, and coining vnto Winchester
w.ns rccciucd with solemne procession into his cathcdrali church.

The honourable and prosperous voyage of Richard earle of Cornewall, brother to
king Henry the thini, accompanied with William Longespee carle of Saris*
burie, and many other noble men into Syria.

IN the 24 ycere of king Henry the thinl, Richard carle of Cornwall the kings brother,
with a naiiy of ships sailed info .Syria, where in the warres against the Saracens he greatly
jiliiniued the part of the Christians, There went ouer with him the carle of Sarisburie, Wil-
liam I.ongspee, and William Ba*ict, lohn Beauchampe, CcofTrcy de Lucie, lohn Neuel, Geof-
frey Heauchampe, Peter de Hrense, and William Fiiriiiiiall.

Simon Moiitfort carle of Leicester went ouer also the same lime: but whorcis the earle of
Cornwall tooke the sca:it Marseils, the carle of Leicester parsed ihorow Italy, and tookc ship-
ping at Hriiidi/c in Apulia: and with him went these person"* ol' name, Thcmas de Furniiial
with his brothei Gerard de ('iirniuall, Hugh Wake, .Mincrike de S. Aunioiul, Wi-vjrd Ledet,
Punchard de Dewin. and William de Uewin that were brethren, (Jcrartl Pesmes, Touke de
Haiigie, and Peter do fhasintenav.

Shortly after also lohn earle of Albemarle, Willi.nn Portis, and IVtcr de Mallow a Poic-
foiiii), men for their valiancy greatly renowiiied, went ihither, leading with them a great
mimlurof Christian soiildiors, Matiii. Paris. Matth. West. Holensh. pag. 22J. col. 2.

The coniming of the Kmperoiir of Constantinople called Raldwine into England in
the yere 1247, out of .\Ialth. Paris, X Holensh. pag. 231>. vol. 2.

ABout the same time, Ualdwine naming hiinsclfe cinpcrourof Constantinople, rame .igainc

into

1240.

;ij

!- I

ill

»•.•/( I

'h.

I Of, Lcng-

^ loit won hy
t .. tiiilishmcn

ihr 1 ijfliii.nun

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Wll. Longeapcr.

'li' Frff.cJitiHii

into England, to procure some new ayd of the king towards the recoucry of his empire, out
of the which he was expelled by the Greeka.

The voyage of William || I.ongcspcc Earle of Sarisburie into Asia, in the yeere 124S,
and in the .12 yecrc of the rcigne of Henry the third, king of England.

J,Ewis the French king being rccouercd of his sickenesse which he fell into, in the yere
1234, vowed thereupon forn free will sacrifice to God, that he (if the Councell of his realme
would suH'er him) would in his ownc person visit the Holy land : which matter was opened
and debated in the Parli:unent of France held in the yeere 1247. Where at length it was
concluded, that the king according to his vow should take his iourney into Asia, and the time
thereof was aUo prefixed, wliith should be after the feast of S, lohn Haptist the next yeere
ensuing.

At which time William Longcspee a worthie warrior, with the bisho]) of Worcester and
certaine other great men in the Hcalnie of I'ngland ( mooned with the example of the French-
men) ])reparcd themsclues likewise to the same iourney.

It fell out in this enterprise, that about the l)eginning of October, the French kiiig as-
saulted and tooke Damiata, being the piiiuipall fort or hold of the Saracens in .t11 EgV]>t,
Anno I24i). and hailing fortified the Citic with an able garrison left with the Duke of !<ur-
giindie, he remooued his tents from thence to jjoc Eastward. In whose .Trinie followed Wil-
liam Lonj^espce, acrompanied with a piked number of I'.nglisli warriors rctiiininj; \iit(> him
Rut si'ch was thedisdaine of the Frenchmen against this William Longespcc and the linglish-
men that they could not .ibide tliem, but (iouted them after an opprobrious maiier will) Eng-
lish tailes, insomuch that the French king himsell'c had much adoc to keepe peace beiwcene
them.

Tlie originall cause of this i;ru<lgc bctwceni- them bcsjan thin. There was not farre from
Alexandriri in l^gv|)t a strong fori or castle replenished with ;,'rcal I.adics jiul ritii treasure of
the Saracens: whi<h hold it diaiudl the said William l.oiigcspcc with his < ompmiy of Eng-
lish Sdldiers to sjct, more by pdlitiipic dixtcritie then by njieu Hirce iif annes, wherwith he
& his retinue were fjreatly enriched. When the Freiu hiiieii had knowledge hereof (they
not being made priuie hereto) bejan to conceiue an lie.irt biirniiig against the English soul-
diers, \- could not spe.ike well of them after that.

It hapned ag.iine not loiiij after, that the sayd William had intelligence of a companv of
rich merchants among the .Saracens going to a ( ertaine Faire about the part.< of Ale.vaiulria,
hailing their camels, a.sses and mules, richly loden with silkes, precious icwels, spices, ;;o!d
iK: sihier, with carl loades of otiier »\ares, beside victiiall and other furniture, whereof the
soiildiers then stood in great need: he hailing secret knowledge hereof, <;aihered all the
j)o\ver of Englishmen vntf) him that he could, and so by night falling vpon the merchants,
some he slew with their guides and conductcrs, some hce tooke, some hee put to (light : the
larls Willi the driuers, and with the o.\en, camels, asses and mules, with the whole tariaije
.ind \ictuals he tooke iV bniu;;hl with him, loosinj.; in all the skirmish but or.e souldier, and
eisht of his seruilors: of whom in twiihstanding some he brought home wounded to bi;
( iired.

This being knowen in the ("ampe, foorth rame the Frenchmen whi( h all this while loy-
tered in their ])aiiilions, and nieciini; this lariage bv the way, tooke all the foresaxd praie
whole to themsclues, rating the said Willi.Tm and the Ijigiishmen for ailiientiiring and is-
suing out of liie Cainpe without haue or knowledge of their {ieiierall, contrarv 'o the di^-
< ipline of waire. William s.iid au'aiiie he h.nd done nothing but he would answcre to it,
whose purpose was t. haue the sp(.yle tleiiided to tlie behoofe of ihe whole armie.

Wiieii this Would not --criie, hee lieiii;; sore grieiied in his minde so < dwardli to be s]»o\ led
of thai whii h ho so adueiiniroiislv had iraiiailed for, went to the King to coinplaine: lUit
\\heii no re.ison nor com|)!ain( would seme by reason of the proiide Earle of .\rtoys tlie Kings
brother, which vpon spi;;ht and disdaine .stood ai;aynst him, he bidding the Kiiij; larewell
-ayd hee would -true him no longer: and so Williain de I.ongespee with the ret of his com-
pany

Longeapcc.
empire, (lui

124S.

in the ycrr
his rcahnc
was (ipenod
ngth it was
nd the time
next yoerc

rcostcr and
the KreiH-h-

tli kiiip as-
all Kfivpt,
iik«' (if Uur-

ll.uved Wil-

fi \ iiio him.
till- l'ji;:iish-

r with Eni;-
'(• hftwccni'

I f.irrc fnim
!i lr(M>iirr (if
nny of Knj;-
vhcrwith he
icrcdf (tiiey
'jif^lish soul-

roinpanv of
Alexandria,

•i|)i(«'-, ^(lld

iviicrcDl (he
crcd all the
• nuTiiiants,
) (light : the
holj- lariai;!'
iiiihlicr, at)(l
inded to he

s whilf Ii)j-
rc-sa)d praic
iring and in-
'o the diN-
iswcrt" to it,

1 l)c sj)(n ice!
plaine: JUil
v>, thi'Kiinis
ng rarowcli
of his ((iiii-
paiiv

^Vil. lonei'spif.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

pany brcakinj; front tlie French hoste went to Achon. Vpon whose departure the carle of Wiii.Longjpw
Artoys sayd, Now is the army (d French men well rid of these tailed people, which words y"r,!al"ku^
spoken in great dcspight were ill taken of many good men that heard them.

Hilt not long after, when the keeper of Cayro & Babylonia, bearing a good mind to the
Christian religion, and being od'ended also with the Souldan, promised to dcliuer the same
to the French king, instructing him what course was best for him to take to accomplish it,
the king hereupon in all haste sent for William Longespee, promising him a full redress of
ail his iniuries before rcceiucd : who at the kings request came to him againe, and so ioyned
with the French power.

After this, it happened that the French king passing with his armie towardes Cayro afore-
sayd, came to the great riuer Nilus, on the further part whereof the Soldan had pitched him-
sclfc to withstand his comming ouer : there was at this time a Saracen lately conuertcd to
Christ, soruin^ the carle Robert the French kings brother, who told him of the absence of
the Soldan from his tents, and of a shallow foord in the riuer where they might easily passe
ouer. Whereupon the sa)d earle Robert Sc the Master of the Temple with a great power,
esteemed to the third part of the army issued ouer the riuer, after whom followed W. Long-
spce with his hand of English souldicrs. These being ioyned together on the other side of
tiu- water, encoiuitrcd the same day with the Saracens remaining in the tents & put them to
the worst. Which victory being gotten, the French earle surprised with pride and triumph,
a'* though hcc had conquered the whole earth, woidd needs forward, diuiding himsclfe from
the mniiic Iiostc, thinking to winne the spurres alone. To whom certain sage men of the
Temple, giuing him contrary counsell, aduised him not to do so, but rather to returne and
take tlieir wlkde company with them, and so should thev be more sure against all deceits and
dan-jers, which might be layed priuily for them. The maner of that people (they sayd)
they better knew, and hail more experience thireof then he: alledging moreouer their wea-
ried bodies, iheir tired horses, their famished souldiers, and the insufliciency also of their
number, which was not able to withstand the multitude of the enemieiy, especially at this pre-
sent brunt, in which the ailu^rsaries did well sec the whole stale of their dominion now to con-
sist either in winning all or losing all.

Which when the proud earle did heare, being inflated with no lesse arrogancy tticn igno-
ranie, with opprobrious taunts reuilcd them, calling them cowardly dastards, & betrayers of
the whole coimircy, obic( ting vnto them the common report of many, which sayd, that the
land <>l' the holy insse mii';ht sootie be woon to Christendome, were it not for rebellious Tem-
plaries, with the Hos[)italaries, and their followers.

To these contumelious rebukes, when the master of the Temple answered againe for him
and his I'ellowcs, bidding him display his ensigne when he woid<l, and where he durst, they
were as ready to Colh w him, as he u, jioe bcf<!re them. Then began William de Longespe the
worthy knight to s()eake, desiring the earle to giiie eare to those men of experience, who had
l)etier knowh'dge of those counlnyes ;ind people then had he, commending also tncir coun-
sell to be discreet and wholesome, ami so turning to the master of the Temple, began with
gentle wonUs to mitli.^.ite him likewise. The knight had not half'e ended his talke, when the
barle taking his wordes out of his miuith, began to fume and swearc, crving out of those cow-
anlly Knglishmen with lailcs: What a pure armie (sayde he) should we haue here, if these
tailes and tailcil people were purged from if, with other like words of villany, and much dis-
daine; wherennto the Kiiglish knight answering againe, well, Earle Robert (said he) where- 'iht «wthv j,,.
sociier you dare set your fnotc, my step shall go as farre iis yours, and (as I beleeue) we ,",','V°',jy,li',o
goe this (lay where you shall not dare to come necre the taile of my horse, as in deedc in the tJiicRohfH.
eueiit it prooued true : for Earle Robert woidd needes set forward, weening to get all the glory
to himselfe In fore the comming of the hoste. and lirst inuadeJ a litle village or castle, which
w.as not farre olV, called Mansor. The eoimfrey Hoores and Pagans in the villages, seeing
the Christians comming, ranne out with such a'mainc cry and shout, that it came to the Sol-
dans hearing, who was neerer then our men did thi:ike. ' In the meane time, the Christians iu-
iiading and entring into the miinition incircumsjiecilv, were pelted and pashed with nfone*

i5r,.

r., ii

' ; 'I

i'^

^yi. .

:\!

«^(:^'

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Prince Edw.

rnJe of Willi
:ru Longcipc.

by them which stood abnue, whereby a great number of our men were lost, and the amiic sore
mnymed, and almast in despaire.

Then immediatly vpon the same, commeth the Soldan with all his maine power, which tiec'
inp the C'iifislian armie to bedeuided, and the brother Hcparatcd from the brother, had iliat
which lie long wished for, and so inclosing them round about, that none should escape, had
with them a cruell fight.

Then the earic began to repent him of his heady rashnes, but it was loo late, who then sec-
ing William the English knight doughtily lighting in the chiefc brunt of the enemies, cried
T''ii't"f7"'if ^'"" ''"" '"""* ' ivardly to (lie, seeing (iinl (saith he) doth light against vs: To whom the
Kubfi". ""' Kniglit rinswcring :igaine, (Jod fori)id (sayth he) that my fathers soniic should runnc away
from the face of a Saraceiif. The EarIc then turning his horse, lltd away, thinking to auoid
by the swiftnes of his horse, and so taking the riuer Thafnis, oppressed with harncsse, was
there sunken and drowned.

Thus the Earle being gone, the Frenchmen began to dispaire and scatter. Then William
de Longcspc bearing all the force of the enemies, stoodc against them as long as he could,
wounding aP'd slaying many a Saracen, till at length his horse being killed, and his leggcs
maymcd, hciould no longer stande, who yet notwithstanding as hcwasdowne, mangled their
feete and Icgges, and did the Saracens much sorrow, till at last after m.iny blowes and wounds,
being stoned of the Saracens, he yeelded his life. And after the death of him, the Saracens
setting vpon the residue of the armie, wliom they had compassed on euery side, deiiotiredand
destroyed them all, insomuch that scarce one man remained aliue,sauing two fempUries, one
Hospitaler, and one poorc rascall souhlier, which brought tidings hereof to the King.

And thus by the imprudent and foo!i-.h hardines of that French Earle, the Frenchmen were
discomfited, and that vali?nt English Kni;;lil onermatched, to the griefeof all Christian |ieo-
ple, the glory of the Saracens, and the viter destruction and mine of the whole French armie,
as afterwards it appeared.

The Voyage of Prince Edward the sonne of king Henry the third into .\sia, in the

ycerc I27f).

ABout the yeere of our I.onl, I'2(i7. Octobonus the Popes Legate bring in England, prince
I'xlward the sonne of king Henry, and diners other Noble men of England looke vpon them
the crossc vpon S. lohn Baptists day, by the sayd Legates hands :,; NiTthhampton, to the re-
liefe of the Holv land, and the snbiiersion of the enemies of th" cros^e of Christ. For which
purpose, and for the better furnishing of the prince towards the iourney, there was grunted
him a subsidie throughout all the rcaline, and in the inoneth t)f May, in the yeere of our Lord
I'iTfl. he began to >et forward.

At Michaelmas fallowing he with his company came to Egucinorfcs, which is from Nfarsi-
lia eight leagues Westwaal, and there taking ship againe (hauinga mery and prosperous wind)
uithin fen dayes arriued at Tunez, where he was with great ioy welcommed, and entertained
ol the Ciirisiian princes that there were to this purpose assembled, as of Philij) the French
Kinv, wiiiwe father Lodouiciis died a litle before, of Carolus the king of Sicilia, and the two
kiiins of Nauarre and Arragon, and as this lord Edward came thither for hi:; father the king
ol' Ijiijlaiid, thither came also Henry the sonne of the king of Almaine for his father, who at
hi» retiirnc from the voyage wis slainc in a chappell at Viterbium.

When prince Edward demanded of these kings and princes what was to be done, theyan*
■iwired him againe and sayd, the prince of this citie and the proiiince adtovning to the same
liatli bene accusiumed to pay tribute vnto the king of Sicily euery yerc: and now for that
the same hath bene for the space of seuen yeeres vnpaied and more, therefore we thought
good to make inuasion vpon him. But the king knowing the same tribute to be but iustly de-
niaunded, hath now according to our owne desire satisfied for the time past, and also j)aicd
his tribute bci'orc hand.

Then sayd he. My Lords, what is this to the purpose? are we not here all assembled, In.
Iiaue taken vpon vs the Lords Character to fight against the infidels & enemies of Christ?

Wh;it

.:1U1 IKT

t'-.is lie
I :'.-i:.-,l

Prince Edw.

TnAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES.

•I.l

What mcanc yoii then to conclude a peace with ihem ? God forliid we xhoiild do »o, for now
the land is plaine and hard, so thai we may approch to ^ holy city IcTiisali". Then said they,
now iiaiie we made a h-a^jiie with them, mithrr is it lawlui (or vs to breake the same. But let
vs rctiirnc apaine to Sicilia, and when the winter is i)ast we may well take shippinj; to Acra.
Hut this connsei nothing at all liked him, neither did he shew himselfe wcl pleased therewith :
1)111 after hec had made them a prineely hanket, he went into his closet orpriiiy i hamber from
amongst them, neither would he partaker of any of that wicked money which they had taken.
They notwithstan<linn conliiuiin;>; their purpose, at the next mery wind looke shij)pin^, and
for want of ships left 'i(K). of their men a shore, cr>inj» out, and pitiously lanientinj; for the
peril and hazard of death that lluy were in ; wherewith prince Edward being somewhat moou-
ed to compassion, came backe a^aine to the land, and receiued and stowed them in hisownc
ships, being the last that went aboord.

Within seiien (layes after, they arriued in the kingdom of Sicilia, oner agaynst the Cilie
Traijcs, casting their ankers a league from thence within the sea, for that their shi|)pes were
of great burden, and throughly fraught : and from the hauen of the cilie they sent out barges
ami boates to receiue and bring such of the Nobililie to land as would, but their horses for
the most ])art, and all their armour they kept still within boord.

At length towards the euening the sea l>egan lo be rough, & increased toa great tempest
and a mightie: insomuch that their ships were beaten one against anofhers sides, and drowned.
There wa-i of them at that tempest lying at anker more then lyO. with all their armour and
nuiiiition, with innumerable snules besitles, and that wicked money also wliich they had
taken befure. likewise perished, and w.is lost.

Hiittlie icnip'.st hurl not -o much as one ship of prince Edward.s, who had in number 13.
0' r yet had one man Ic^l thereby, for that (as it may be presupposed) he consented not to
the wicked <oun-ell of the rt-t.

When in the morning the j)rinces and kings came to the sea side, and saw, ill their ships
(li.'Uiied.and saw their iicen and lioi-.cs in great number cast \ pon the l.uid drowned, thi v had
full heauie hearts, as well they might, forof all their ship- and mariners, which were in niun-
ber l,")()(). bc-ides the common snuldiers, there was no mere saued then the mariners of one
onelv sjiip, and tliey in this wise.

There was in that ship a good & wise Nfatrone, a Countesse or an Erles wife, who perceiu-
in^ the tempest to gniw, & fearing her sdfe, called to her the M. ol the sliip, iV .asked him
\viu'tlier in attempting to tlie shoare it were not possible lo sane theseliies: he answered, tlvai
I.) >aue the shi|i it was iiejiossiljlr : howbeit the men that were therein by Gods heipe he
chiii!)ic(l not. '1 hen sayd the iountc«sf, fur the ship force no whit, sane the sonles therein, and
li.uic to thee (hnibic the \ahie of the sluppc : who immediatU hoising the sailes with all force,
r.iM the-hi|)pe aground -o necre the slierc a^. was possible, so that with the xeiuinency of the
weather iV force he came wiiliali, he bra'.t the ship and saued all that was within the same, as
he had shewcil, andsa\d belcre.

riien the kings and primes altering their purpose after this so great a sliipwrnrke) re-
turned home againe eui ry one vnio their owne land.s: onely Edward the sonne of the
king of I-.ngland, remained behindc with his men and shij)s, which the Lord had saued and
|<rr-erned.

Tlien prince Edward renouaiiiig his purpose, looke ship[)ing ngaiiie, and within (ifteenc
(1 lies after I'.ister arriued he at .\cra, and went aland, taking wirh him a thousand of the
l;e^t snuldiers and in^st expert, and taried there a whole moneth, refreshing both his men
. nd horses, and that in liiis spai e he might learne and know the s, < reis of the land. .After
I'is he t'loke \\iih him si\c or scuen thousand souldiers, and marched forward twenty miles
ti-.'.n .Vera, and looke Na/:arelh, and those that he found there he slew, and afterward re-
1 ;nied againe to Acra. Hut their enemies following after ihem, thinking to hauc set vpon
ihcni ,'.t sonie streit ( i other adnantage, were espied by the prince, and returning againe
\pon them gaue a charge, and slew many of them, and the re-t they put to flight.

.\fter tiiis, ab'.ui' Mid-uininer, when the jirince had vudcrstanding that the Saracen.s

\<<:. 11. J. began

Thr jrriudtl of
ptincf KdwBrd
>t Acia.

Niliareth utMn
by the piiiic*.

>
I

'I'

I i

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

1.25

s S a

1.4 il.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80

(716) 873-4503

■^

'^^

\r'

III

M ^

' v:

il'i i:-.

Avictorie
Mgi'vatt the Sa-
racenii wherein
icooofthc'ffcrc
shine*

The princei of
Cyprus acknow*
ledee obedience
to the kings of
England.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATI(»JS,

Prince Edward.

Princr KdwarJ
traiUTouily

began to gather at Cakow which was forty miles Trom Acra, he marching thither, set vpon
them very earely in the morning, and slew of them more then a thousand, the rest he put
to flight, and tooke rich spoiles, marching forward till they came to a castle named Castrum
percgrinorum, situate vpon the sea coast, and taried there that night, and the next day they
returned againe toward Acra.

In the meane season the king of lerusalem sent vnto the noble men of Cyprus, desiring
them to come with speed to ayd the Christians, but they would not come, saying they
would keepe their owne land, and go no further. Then prince Edward sent vnto tliem,
desiring that at his request they would come and ioyne in ayd with him : who immediatly
thereupon came vntc him with great preparation & furniture for the warres, saying, that at
his commandemcnt they were bound to do no lesse, for that his predecessors were sometimes
the gouernors of that their land, and that they ought alwayes to shew their fidelity to the
kings of England.

Then the Christians being herewith animated, made a third voyage or road, and came as
farre as the furt called Vincuhi sancti Petri, and to S. Georgiu^, and when they had slain
certaine there, not finding any to make resistance against them, they retired againe from
whence they came : when thus the fame of prince Edward grew amongst his enemies, and
that they began to stand in doubt of him, they deuised among themselues how by some
pollicy they might circumucnt him, and betray him. Whereupon the prince and admirall
of loppa sent vnto him, faining himselfe vnder great deceit willing to become a Christian,
and that he would draw with hi'n a great number besides, so that they might be honorably
entertained and vsed of the Christians. This taike pleased the prince well, and perswadrd
him to finish the thing he had so well begun by writing againe, who also by the same mes-
senger sent and wrote backe vnto him diners times about the same matter, whereby no mistrust
should spring.

This messenger (sayth mine aiithi)r) was one ex caute nutritis, one of the stony hearted,
that neither feared God nor dreaded death.

The fift time when this messenger came, and was of the princes seninnts searched accord-
ing to the maner and custome what weapon and armour he had about him, as also his purse,
that not so much as a knife could be scene about him, he was had vp into the princes cham-
ber, and after his reuerence done, he pulled out certaine letters, which he dcliuercd the
prince from his lord, as he had done (ithers before. Tliis was about eight dayes after Whit-
suntide, vpon a Tuesday, somewhat before night, at which time the prince was laycd vpon
his bed bare headed, in his ierkin, for the great heat and iiitemperature of the weather.

When the prince had read the letters, it appeared by them, that >pon the Saturday next
following, his lord would be there ready to accomplish all that he iiad written and promised.
The report of these newes by the prince to the standcrs by, liked them well, who drew
somewhat barke to consult thereof amongst themselues. In the meane time, the messen;;er
kneeling, and making his obeisance to the prince (questioning further with him) put his
hand to his belt, as though ho would haue pulled out some secret letters, and suddenly he
pulled out an cnuenomed knife, thinking to haue stroken the prince into tiie belly there-
with as he lay: but the prince lifting vp his hand to defend the blow, was striken a great
wound info the arme, and being about to fetch another stroke at him, the prince againe
with his foot tooke him such a blow, that he fcid him to the ground: with that the prince
gate him by the hand, and with such violence wrasted the knife from him, that he hurt hini-
sclfp therewith on the forehead, and immediately thrust the same into the belly of the mes-
senger and striker, and slew him.

Thi? princes seruants being in the next chamber not farre off", hearing the busling, came
with great haste running in, and finding the messenger lying dead in the floore, one of them
tooke vp a stoolp, and beat out his braines: whereat the prince was wroth for that he stroke
a dead man, and one that was killed before.

But the rumour of this accident, as it was strange, so it went soone thorowout all the
Court, and from thence among the common people, for which they were cry heauy, and

greatly

nee Edward.

ler, set vpon

rest he put

med Castrum

text day they

>ru<i, dcriiring
saying they
nt vnto them,
o iminedintly
lying, that at
re sometimes
fidelity to the

and came as
they had slain
d againe (rum

enemies, and

how by some
e and admirall
le a Christian,

be honorably
md perswadrd
he same mes-
by no mistrust

stony hearted,

irched accord-
also his purse,
princes cham-
; dcliuercd the
res afttT Whit-
as laycd vpon
? weather.
Saturday next

and promised,
fell, who drew
the messenger

him) put his
d suddenly he
lie belly there-
striken a great
' prince againe
that the prince
It he hurt him-
ly of the mes-

busling, came

c, one of them

that he stroke

irnwout all the

ry heauy, and

greatly

Prince Edward.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DlSCOUERrcS.

greatly discouraged. To him came also the Captaine of the Temple, and brought him a
costly and precious drinke against poison, least the venime of the knife should penetrate
the liuely blood, and in blaming wise sayd vnto him: did I not tell your Grace before
of the deceit and subtilty of this people ? Notwithstanding, sayd he, let your Grace take a
good heart, you shall not die of this wound, my life for yours. But straight way the Sur-
gions and Physicians were sent for, and the prince was dressed, and within few dayes
after, the wound began to putrifie, and the flesh to looke dead and blacke: wherupon
they that were about the prince began to mutter among themselues, and were very sad
and heauy.

Which thing he himself perceiuing, said vnto them: why mutter you thus among your
selues? what see you in me, can I not be healed? tell me the trueth, be ye not afrayd.
Whereupon one sayd vnto him, and it like your Grace you may be healed, we mistrust not,
but yet it will be very painfull for you to suflTer. May suflering (sayd he againe) restore
health ? yea sayth the other, on paine of losing my head. Then sayd the prince, I commit
my selfe vnto you, doe with me what you thinke good.

Then sayd one of the Physicians, is there any of your Nobles in whom your Grace re-
poseth special trust? to whom the prince answered Yea, naming certeine of the Noble men
that stood about him. Then sayd the Physician to the two, whom the prince first named, This loni u-
the Lord Edmund, and the lord lohn Voisie, And doe you also faithfully loue your Lord and ^Jnce hi' bw-
Prince? Who answered both, Yea vndoubtedly. Then sayth he, take you away this gentle- '^"•
woman and lady (meaning his wife) and let her not see her lord and husband, till such time
as I will you thereunto. Whereupon they tooke her from the princes presence, crying out,
and wringing her hands. Then sayd they vnto her. Be you contented good Lady & Madame,
it is better that one woman should weepe a little while, then that all the realme of England
should weepe a great season.

Then on the morrow they cut out all the dead and inuenimed flesh out of the princes
arme, and threw it from them, and sayd vnto him: how checreth yourGrace, we promise you
within these (ifteene dayes you shall shew your selfe abroad (if God permit) vpon yourhorsc-
backe, whole and well as euer you were. And according to the promise he made the prince,
it came to passe, to the no liltle comfort and admiration of all his subiects.

When the great Souldan heard hereof, and that the prince was yet aliue, he could scarsely
beleeue the same, and sending vnto him three of his Nobles and Princes, excused himselle
by them, calling his God to witnesse that the same was done neither by him nor his consent.
Which princes and nies.sengers standing aloofe off from the kings sonne, worshipping him,
fell flat vpon the ground: you (sayd the prince) do reuerence me, but yet you loue me not.
But they vnderstood him not, because he spake in English vnto them, speaking by an Inter-
preter: neuerthelesse he honourably entertained them, and sent them away in peace.

Thus when prince Edward had beene eighteene moneths in Acra, he tooke shipping about
the Assumption of our Lady, as we call it, returning homeward, and after seuen weekes he
arriued in Sicilia at Trapes, and from thence trauailed thorow the middes of Apulia, till he
came to Rome, where he was of the Pope honorably entertained.

From thence he came into France, whose fame and noble prowesse was there much bruted
among the common people, and enuied of the Nobility, especially of the earle of Chalons,
who thought to haue intrapped him and his company, as may appeare in the story: but Prince
Edward continued foorth his iourney to Paris, and was there of the French king honoura-
bly entertained: and after certaine dayes he went thence into Gascoine, where he taried
till that he heard of the death of the king his father, at which time he came home, and was
rrowned king of England, in the yere of our Lord 1274.

The trauaile of Robert Turneham.

RObcrtns Turneham Franciscanus, Theologiae professor insignis, Lynnae cclebri Irenorum
..d ripas Isidis emporio, collegio suonim fratrum magnified pracfuit. Edwardus Princeps, cog-
nomcnto Longus, Menrici tcrlij Alius, bellicam expeditionem contra Saracenos Assyriam in-

L 2 colentes.

1 li

fi!

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Ro. Turneham, ^c.

i V«

colente«, anno Dom. 1268. parabat. Ad quam profectionem qiiaesitu<« qiioqiie Orator vehe-
ment, qui plebis in caii$a religionis animns excilaret, Turnehamus principi visiis vel dig-
nissimus est, qui munus hoc obiret. Sic tanqiiam signifer coni>litutus Assyrios vna cum An-
glico exercitu petijt, ac suiim non sine laiide pncstitit oITicium. Claruit anno salutireri partus,
1280. varia component, sub eodem Edwardo eius nominir* primo post Conquestum.

The game in English.

Robert Turneham Franciscan, a notable professor of Diuinifie, was with great dignitie
Prior of the Colledgc of his Order in the famous Mart Towne of Lynnc, situate vpon the
riuer of Isis in Norfolkc. Prince Edward surnamed the Long, the sonne of Henrie the third,
prepared his warlike voyage against the Saracens dwelling in Syria, in the yeere of our
Lord, 1268. For the which expedition some earnest preacher was sought to stirre vp the
peoples minds in the cause of religion. And this Turneham seemed to the Prince most
worthy to performe that office : so that he being appointed as it were a standard bearer, went
into Syria with the English army, and performed his duety with good commendation. He
flourished in the yeere of Christ 1280. setting forth diuers workes vnder the same King Ed-
ward the first of that name after the Conquest.

The life of .Syr lohn M.iiidenill Knight, written by Master Bale. Cenlur. 6.

lOannes \fandeuil, vir equestris ordinis, ex fano Albini oriundus, ita u teneris \t niunt,
vnguiculis literarum studijs as^ueuerat, vt in illis bonam foclicitatis suae partem poneret. Nam
generis sui stemmata illustria, nulii vsui fiitura ducrb.ii, nisi ilia clariora dociis artibus red-
deret. Quare cum animum KiLingelica Icrtione rile instituisset, transtulit sua studia ad rem
Mediciim, artem imprimis liberali ingonio dignam. Scd inter alia, ingens quacdam cupidn
videndi Africam, & A^iam, vastioris orbis partes, eius animum inuascnt. Comparato igitur
amplo viatico, percgr^ profectus est, anno a ("hristo nato, 1332. & domum tanqiiam alter
Vlysscs, po-;t .'ii. annos rcdieiis, a paucissimis quidem cognitus fuif. Interim .Scjtl'iani, Ar-
meniam Maiorem & Minorem, Aegyptum, viranidue Lybiam, .Arabiani, Syriam, Mcdiam,
Mesopotamiam, Pcr>iam, C'liaidirani, Gricri.nni, Jll_\rium, Tartarian), & alia spaciosi orbis
regiia, laborioso itinerc visiiauit. Denique lingiiarum cognitione pra^ditus, ne tot ac tantaruin
rerum variclates, & miracula qtue oculntus testis vidcr.it, niemcri.Tque mandnuerat, ol)iiuionc
prcmerentur, in tril.iis Unguis, Anglica, Gallica, & Latina, graphic^ scri])sit Iiincrarium S'.t.
annfTum. Reuersus in Angliam, ac visis sui seculi nialis, vir pins diccbat, no>iris tempnri-
bus lam verius quam olim dici potest, virtus ces.Hal, Kcclcsia calcatur. Cirrus errat, daemon
regnat, simonia dominatur, &c. Leodij tandem obijt, anno Domini 1372. die 17. Noucm-
bris, apud Guilielmitas sepultus.

The same in English.

lOhn Mandeuil K. ^ht, borne in the towne of S. Albons, was so well giucn to the studie
of learning from his childhood, that he seemed to plant a good part of his felicitic in the
same : for he supposrd that the hon( ur of his birth would nothing auailc him, except he
could render the same more honourable by his knowledge in good letters. Ilauing there-
fore well proundid himselfe in religion by reading tl e Scriptures, he apjilied his studies to
the arte of Physicke, a profession worthy a noble wit : but ainong'-t other tilings, he was
rauished with a mightie desire to see the greater partes of the world, as A-^ia and Africa.
Ilauing ther'-fore prouided all things necessarie for his iourney, he departed from his coun-
trey in the yiere of Christ, 1332, and as another \'lysses returned home, after the space of
.'{4. ycercs, and was then knowen to a very fewe. In the time of his tr.^uaile he was in Scy-
thia, tiie greater and le.sse Armenia, Egypi, both Lxbias, Arabia, S\ria, Media, Mesopotamia,
Persia, Clialdtra, Greece, Ill\rium, Tartaric, and diners other kinudnmcs of the world : and
hauing gotten by this meanes the knowledge of the languages, least so many and great va-
rieties, and things miraculous, whereof himselfe had bene an eie witnes, should perish in
obliuion, he committed his whole trauell of .'{3. yeeres to writing in three diuerx tongues,

English,

3
4

5
6

rneham, ^c.

)rator vehe-
isus vcl dig-
na cum An-
tiferi partus,
tn.

•eat dignitie
ife vpon the
rie the third,
^cere of our
stirre vp the
Prince most
bearer, went
idation. He
me King Ed-

ir. 6.

erls vf aiiinf,
oncret. Nam
artiluis rcd-
tudia ad rem
cdam rupidn
iparato ifjitiir
nnquam alter
if) thiani, Ar-
im, Mcdiam,
paciiwi orbin
t ac tanlarum
•rat, ohliuione
inrrarium '.i'.t.
>tris leinpori-
errat, dn'mon
; 17. Noiicm-

to the studie
•licitic in the
n, except he
lauing therc-
his studies to
lings, he wa»
ia and Africa.
rom hi.s coun-
• the space of
ic was in Scy-
Mesopotamia,
e world : and
and great va-
tuld perish in
iiierH tongues,
English,

S. J. Mandeuih

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

English, French and Latinc. Being arriucd againe in England, and hailing secne the wicked-
ncs of that age, he pane out this spearh : In our time (sayd he) it may bespoken more
truely then of olde, that vertue is gone, the Church ia vnder foote, the Clergie is in errour,
thedeuili raigneth, and Simonie bearclh the sway, &c.

He died at Leege. in the yeere XHTi. the 17. day of Nouember, being there buried in
the Abbic of the Order of the Guilielmites.

The Tombe and Epitaph of Sir lohn Mandeuil, in the citie of Leege, spoken of
by Ortelius, in his booke called Itinerarium Belgi*, in this sort.

MAgna & populosa Leodij suburbia, ad collium radices, in quorum iugis multa sunt, & Foi.ij.iC.
pulcherrima monasteria, inter quae magnificum illud, ac nobile D. Laurentio dicatum, ab
Kaginardo Episcojio. Est in hac quoque regione, vel suburbijs Leodij, Guilielmitarum Coe-
nnbium, in (|iio Kpitaphiiim hoc loannis k Mandeuille, excepimu.s.
Hie iacef vir nobiliy, 1). Joannes dc Mandeuille, aliter dictus ad Barbam, Miles, Dominus ^p''»p'"'*>-

de Campdi, natiis de Anglia, Medicinae professor, deuotissimus, orator, & bonorum lar-

gissimus paupcribns erogator, qui toto quasi orbe lustrato, Leodij diem vitae suae clausit

oxtremum. Anno Dom. I.'i7l. Meitsis Nouembris, Die 17.

Hxc in lapide : in quo cxlata viri armati imago, Leonem calcantis, barba bifurcat.n, .id
caput manus bencdiccns, & vemacula haec verba : Vos qui paseissor mi, pour I'amour deix
proics por mi. Clijicus eral viicuus, in quo olim fuisse dicebant laminam aeream, & eius in
ea itidcin ca<lata insignia, I.ronem videlicet argcntcum, cui ad pectus lunula rubea in campo
ca-ruleo, qiicm Liiiil'ius aml'ircl dcnticulatus ex auro. Eius nobis ostendebatit, & cultros,
cj)hipi;'iqi!o, & calc;iria (|iiibus vsum fuisse assercbant, in pcragrando toto fer6 terranim orbc,
vt clarius tcstatureius Itinerarium, quod typis etiam excusum passim habctur.

Tabvla Pra;sentis Libri loanncs Mandevil, singvla per ordinem capitula, & in eorum
quolibet quid agitur, notificat euidenter.

Capvt.

COmmcndafio brcuis ferr.x Hierosolymitanai.

2 Iter ab Anglia tam per tcrra«i quiim per
aqna-i, vscjMe in C'onstantinopolim.

.3 De vrbc Constantin'^poli, & relicjuijs ibi-
dem cdiitentis.

4 Via tam per terns quiim per aquas, a Con-
slantinopoli vs(|uc .Vchanjii, vel Aron.

5 Via ;\ Francia & Flandria, per sol.is terras
vscpie in Hicriisalcm.

6 Via de Cy|)rovel de Hieriisalcm, vsque in
Bal)ylfiniam Egypti.

7 Dc Pallatio Soldani, & nomillibnspr»tcri•
t( rum Soldanorum.

S De Campo Balsami inEgvpfo.

9 l)c Nilo fluiiir), 8i E;:ypti tenitorio,

!0 De conductu Soldani.

1 1 De Montisterio Sinny.

VI Iter perdesertum Sinay, vsque in ludcam.

\ii Dc ciuitatc Bethleem, & semita, vsque

in Icrusalcm.
14 De Ecclcsia gloriosi sepulchri Domini in

vrbc lerusalem.
ir» De tribu-< alijs Ecclesiis, & spec ialitcr dc

Tempio Domini.

Ifi De pluribus locissacris extra vrbem.

17 Dc sacris locis extra nuirus ciuitatis,

18 De alijs locis notabilibiis.

19 Dc Nazareth & Samaria.

20 De Territorio Galilea- & Samaria;.

21 Dcsccta detei^tabili Sarracenorum.

22 De vita Mahometi.
2.'i De colloquio Authoris cum Soldano.

24 Per suasio ad non crcdenlen terrarum di-
uersitates per orbem terrae.

2.") Dc Armenia, Si Persia.

26 De Ethiopia & diamantibus, ac de infima
& media India.

27 De foresto piperis.

25 De Ecclesia beali Thoma- Apostoli.
2i) De quibusdam meridionalibus insulis, &

farina & mclle.
.SO Dc Regno Cynocephaioriim, & alijs In-
sulis.

31 De multis alijs insulis Meridionalibus.

32 De bona regione Mangi.

33 De Pygmeis, & itincre vsq; prouincia
Cathay.

34 Dc

i '

if'

1 ' " .

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

5. /. Mmdcuil

34 De pallncio Imperatorii4 magni Chan.
3b De qiiatuor Hotemnitatibus, qiias magnus
Chan celebrat in Anno.

36 De prxstigijs in festo, & dc comitatu Im-
peratoris.

37 Qua de causa dicitur magnus Chan.

38 De tcrritorio Cathay, & muribus 'I'artaro-
rum.

39 Dc .sepultura Imperatoria magni Chan, &
de crcatione succes.sori!«.

•K) Dc mulfis regionibiis Imperio Tartarix-

subiectis.
41 De magnificcntia Impcratoris India;
i'i De frequentia Palalij

43 De quisbusdam miris per UegioncH Im-
perij IndiiE.

44 De loco & disposiitione Vallis inFausta;.

45 De quibusdam alijs admirandis, per Indo-
rum insula.4.

4(> De periculis & tormcnti.s in valle infauota.

47 De Bragmnnnnrum insulis, & aliorum.

48 Aliquid de loco Paradisi terrcstrii) per au-
ditum.

49 In reuertendo dc Ilcgnis Cassam, & Iti-
both, de Diuite E]>ulonc, vcl consimili.

50 De compositionc huius traciatus in Ciui-
tatc Leodiensi.

& comitatu Im-
peratoris prtesbiteri loanni.s.

Liber Prassen.s Cvivs Avthor est loannc.i Nfandevill militaris ordinis, agit dc diuer-
sis patrijs, Kegionibus, Prcuinrijs, & insuli.s Turcia, Armenia maiore & nii-
norc, iEgypio, Lybia bassa & alfa, Syria, Arabia, Persia, Chaldapa, Tartaria,
India, & de inflnitis insiilis, Ciuitatiluis, villis, castris, & locis, qua; gentcs,
legum, morum, ar rituum inhabitant diurrsorum.

Droicatio Libri.

PKincipi exrcllcntissimo, pra; cunciix mortalibus pra;cipu^ vencrando, Dumino Edwardu
cius nominis tertio, diuina proiiidcntia, Franconim & Anglorum Rcgi Serenissimo, Hibcr-
nia; Domino, Aquitaniec Due i, niari uc cius insulis occidentalibus dominanii, Christianorum
encomio & ornatui, vniucrsorumquc arma gcrrntium Tiitori, ac Probitatis & strcnuitatis
oxcniplo, principi qiinque inuicto, niirabilis Aiexandri Scquaci, ac vniucrso orbi trcmedo,
cum rcuercntia non qui dccct, cum nd talcm, & tnntam reucrentiam minus snflicientcs cx-
tilerlnt, 8cd qua paniitas, &i possibilitas mittentis ac oflcrentis se cxtendunt, contrnta
tradantur.

Pars prima, continens Capita 23.

Capvt. I.

Commcndatio breuis tcrrae Hicrosolimitanat.

CVm terra Hicrosolimitana, lorra promissionis fiiioru Dei, dignior curiis mundi terris sit
hahrda nniliis ex rausis, & prx( ipu^ illi\, quoti Deus condilor cneli & mundi, ipsam tanti
(lignalus fuit a;siimarc, vt in e<. proprium (ilium saluatorcm mundi, Christum exhibuerit
poncri humano per incarnationem ex intcmerata Virgine, & per cius conuersationem hu-
milhma in cadem, ac per dolorosam mortis suae consummaiioncm ibidem, ^tque ind^ per
cius admirand.tm rcsurn-rtioncm, ar asccnsioncm in cerium, & postrcm6 quia credilur illic
in line scculi rcuersurns, & omnia iudiraturus; cerium cxt, i\\\M ab omnibus qui Christiano
nomine a Clirislo dicuntur, sit tanquam k suis proprijs hieredibus diiigenda, & pro cuii'isque
|)ntcstafc ar modulo honoranda. A principibus quidcm, & potentibus vl ipsam conentur
dc infidclium manibus rccuperarc, qui earn lam pridcm i\ nobis, nostris cxigentibus mcritis,
Loquiiur i«un. abstulerunt, & per annos hcu plurimos pos.scdcrunt: a mcdiocribus uutcm & valentibus, vt
quibu'i'Jijr" '" P" I'^r^'Krinalionem deiiotam lora lam pia, & vestigia Ciirisli ac discipulorum lam Santta,
priiuipaliter in rcmissionem visitent dclictorum. Ab impotcniibus vero, & impeditis, qna-
tcnus supradirti's \el Iiortcnfur, vr! in aliquo modo iuuent, seu ccrti! fidcles fundant ora-
tioncs. Veriim quia iam nostris tcmporibus vcriiis quam olim dici potest.

Virtus, Ecclcsia, Clems, da?mon, symonia,
Ccssai, calcatur, crrat, rcgnat, dominatur,

cccc

r. Mandcuih
licg!ones Iin-

lis infauMa:.
du, per Indo-

valle infausta.
& aliorum.
rcstrii) per au-

assam, & Ri-
1 cnnsimili.
latus in Ciiii-

dc diuer-

c & mi-

Tarlaria,

gcnles,

nino Edwardo
ssimo, Hibcr-
C'hriNtiannnim
& Ntrcntiitatis
orbi trcincdo,
ifljcientcs cx-
iint, contrnta

undi terris sit
li, ipsam tanti
urn exhibuerit
;niationem hu-
itque ind^ per
I credilur illic
qui Christiano
I pro cuiiuique
psam concntur
nlibus mcritis,
valentibiis, vt
n lam Santtn,
npcditlH, qua-
!8 fundant ur.i-

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S. I. Matideuil.

ecrc iusto Dei iudicio, crcdiia est terra tarn inclyta, & sacrosancfa impiorum manibus Sarace-
•■ J!— J-— Sc recolendum. EGO loannes

ru quod mm est absq; dolore pijs mentibiis audiendum, & rec.
indeuill militaris ordinis saltern gerens nomeii. natus & educatus

Mandeuill militaris ordinis saltern gerens nomen. natus & educatus in terra Angliae, in villa
sancti Albani. ducebar in Adolescentia mea tali inspirationc, vt quamuis non per potentiam,
ncc per vires propria^ possem pnefatam terram suis hoircdibus reciiperare, irem lamen per
aliquod temporis spacium percgrinari ibidem, & salutarem aliquantulum de propinquo Vn-
de in anno ab Incarnalione Domini 1322. imposui me nauigalioni MarsiliensH mans & vs-
nue in hoc temporis, Anni 1355, scilicet, per 33. annos in transmarinis partibus mansi,
ileregrinatus sunV. ambulaui, & circuiui multas, ac diucrsas patnas, regiones. prriiincias.
& insulas Turciam, Armeniam maiorem, & minorem, ^Ugyptum, Lybiam bassam & altam,
Svriam Arabiam. Persiam. Chaldeam, iEthiopiae partem magnam, Tartanam, Amazonia,
Indiam minorem, & metliam, ac partem magnam de maiori, & m istis, & circum istas re-
giones, mulfas insulas Ciuitates, vrbes, castra, villas. & loca, vbi habitant variae gentes,
aspectuum, morum, Icgum, ac rituum diuersorum : Attamen quia summo dcsiderio m terra
promissioiiis eram, ip>iam diliRenfius per loca vestigiorum filij Dei pcrlustrare curaui, &
diuliiis in ilia stcti. Quaproplcr & in hac prima parte huius opens iter tarn percgnnandi,
qnain nauigandi, k partibus Aiiglin? »d ipsam desrribo, & loca notabiliter saitcta, quffi intra
eandcin sunt breuitcr cOmemoro & diligenler, quatenus percgrinis tam in itinere quam in
proucatione valcat hajc descripiio in aliquo deseruire.

Capvt. 2.
Iter ab Anglia tam per terras quam per aquas vsq; in Constantinopolim,

QVi de Hybcrnia, An<;Iia, Srotia, Noru-gia, aut Gallia iter iirrlpit ad partes Hierosolymi-
tanis potest saltcm vnq; ad Imp:ria!cm Greciie Ciuitatein COstanlinopolim eligcre sibi
inoiluin profiii^ccndi, slue per terras, sine per aquas. Et si percgrinaiido digit transigcre
viam. tcndat per Coluniain Agrippiiiam, & sic per Almaniam in Hungariam ad Montlusnnt
Ciiiitatem, sedcm Regni Hunnaritc. Et est Hex Hungaiia; multum potes istis tcm-
ponbiis. Nam tenet & Sclanoniam, & magn:im partem R -gni Comannorum, & Hun-
gariam, & partem Regni Hussiw. Oportct vt peregrinus in finil)us Hungarian Iraiiseat
niagtuiin Danu!)ij fliimeii, & vadaf in Bclgradum; Hoc flumen oritur inter Montana Al-
niani.x", & rurrens versus Orientem, reiipit in se 40. flumina antequam Finiatur in
marc. De Belgrade iiitratur tirra Hulgariir, & traiisitur per Pontem petriiuim Huuij Mar-
rov, & per terram Pyncenars, & tunc iiitr.itur Grn-cia, in Ciuitates, Steriies, Asmopapc,
& Aiidrinopoiis, \ sic in Constantinopolim, vbi commimiter est sedes Imperatoris Greciic.
Qui autem viam flii;it per aquas versus Constantinopolim nauigare, accipiat sibi portum,
pn)iit voluerit, pro|)inquinn sine remoium, Marsiliae, Pisi, lanuae, Venetijs, Romne, Neapoli,
vcl alibi: sicque transeat Tusciam, Ca'opaniam, Ilaliam, Corsicam, Sardiniam, vsque in Si-
riliam, qua- diuidiliir al> Italia per brachium maris non magnum. In Sicilia est mons ^l^tna
iugilcr ardens, qui ibidem ap[)ellatur Mons Gibclle, & prreter ilium habentur ibi loca Gol-
than vbi sunt septem leucic quasi semper ignem spirantes: secundum diuersitatem colorum
harum llammaruiii esfimnni Incolac annum fertilem fore, vel sterilem, siccum vel hiimidum,
ralidnm, vel Trigidum: luec loca vocant caminos Infernales, & ii fiiubus Italiie vsque ad ista
liica sunt 25. miliaria. Sunt autem in Sicilia aliqua Pomeria in quibus inueniuntur frondeSj
(lores, & fnictus per totum annum, etiam in profuiu;- hyeme. Regnuin Siciliiu est bona,
& grandis insula hahens in circuilu fcrb leucas 300. Et ne quis erret, vel de facili repre-
hendat quolies scribo leucam, inteiligendiun est de leuca Lombardici, quae ali(piant6 maior
est Geometrica; & quoties pono numeriim, sid) intelligatur fere, vel circiter, sine citra, &
dielam intendo ponere, de 10. Lombardicis leiicis: Geometrica autem leuca describitur, vt
nnium est, per hos versus.

Quinq; pedes passum faciunt, passus qiioq; centum
Viginti quinque (.tadium, si millia des que
Octo facis iiladia, duplicatum dat tibi leuca.

Post-

loannls Mandi*
uilUpcregrinitio,
iwr tres & tri-
ginta aiuioi co»
liiiuHa.

Retail Hun/iiix
oliin putcntij.

Mons Aetna.

Acolides insulj*.

Temperics
Sii-ilix Insul.L-

l.eiira l.otn*
barJica.
Quid sit dirtl.

'(|>

1- t-'-!

VOYAC.r.S, NAUIGATIOKS,

S. /. Mmuhuil.

I'ottus Orpcix.

J\cletii ttnctK
Rv.im Hdcm

lllltUilll-

rosiqiiain itaqiic pcroprinus sc crcdiilit Deo & inari, si prospora sil)i fiierit naiiigatin,
1)011 a.sfciulct in tcrram, tloiicc intrct aliqticm portum (Jreciir, HciiiccI, Myrroyt, Valoiiir,
Diirasc, sine alium prout Diuin.'c placiicrit voluntali, Ar cxhinr ibit Constanlinnpolini pr.T-
ilicfam, qiirc oliin Hys.inlium, vol Vrsaton tliccbaliir. Hie atitrtn nntfiduin rst, qiu'id a porlii
Vcnotic, vsq; ad CTwliiiitinopdliiii ilirciii! per marc octingcnia; Icuco;, & 80. oominuiiitii
roDipiitanlur ibi I'oiifcntav

r.\pvr. 3.

Dc \rbi' r(iii>i|aniiiiopoIi, & rclicpiijs ibiiirm rnnleMti-*.

l'On«tanlinoj)olis i)iil< hra est Ciiiilis, iV nobilis, triangularis in tornia, lirmitOrqtie nuira-
ta, I'uids dna- panes iiw liidutiir niari llellcsponto, (pi6d phirinii inod(N appellant hracliiuin
sancti Gcorjjij, & aiiqiii IJiiko, Tmia vrtus VerMis loruni vi)i hoc brachium exit de niari est
lata tcrr.x- |>lanities, in qua antiqiiitiis stelit Trciia Ciuitas de (jua ai)nd I'defas niira lecunlnr,
sed nunc \ald^ inndica apparent vesti'^ia ('niitatis. In Cnnstantinopoli habenttir niulla niira-
bilia, ac irjsuper niulta? sanetornni venerand.T relliqnxi, ac super omnia, precicjsissima Crnx
Chrisii, sen maior pars illitis, & lunita inconsiitiiis, euni spongia & arundine, ^ vno cla-
uoruin, it dimidi.i parte coron.x' sjiinca?, ruiii<i altera medietas seruatnr in Capella Kepis Fraii-
ei.r, Parisijs. Nam & ejjo indi^mis diiigenier phiribiis vicibiis respexi partem vlnimfpie:
dabafiir quoque milii do ilia Parisijs vnica spina, quam vsipii- nunc preeiosc ((inxeruo, \ est
i|isa spina imn lipnra sed vcliit de iuncis niarinis ri(;idn. iSc pii<;iiiua. r.cclesia Cosianli-
nopolitana in honorein sancta- Sophiar, id est, inetlabilis Dei sapicntiie eeilicata diciiur, X'
nobilissiina viiiiier-arum inundi Ikilesiarum, tain in schcniate arlidi io^i ojx ris, (|u.'nn in scr-
uatis ibi sarrosanrti-i Kelliquijs: nam & continet corpus sanciie Amue niairls rustiiv Doniiiiir
Iranslatum illur jier Kej^inam lleliMiam ab Ilicrosolymi*: 8c corpus S. I.'icr ruan;;clist;i'
Iranslalum de Bethania ludcr; Et I'orpns beaii loannis Cluyso-ti iiii ip-i,;s Ciuiialis Ej)is-
eopi, einn multis alijs reliquijs precio-is; qiioniam e.^l ibi vas grandc cum hniusniodi reli-
quijs vclut inarmorcum dc I'eira Cnliydros; quod iuuiter de scipso ilc'U<lan^ aquam, siniel
in anno iiiuenilur suo sudore rcpletum. Ante hanc Ecclesiam, super colunuiam mannorcani
imisoimtmijni. ''ab^'ur de XTC auMlo i>|iere liisorio, niai;na imago lusiiniani (pioiulaiii Imperatui is super
equuin sedcntis: luit auti'in priniitus in nianu imajiinis fabricala spli;rra npiunda, cpia; i;iin
diu e manu sua sibi cccidit, in si';niun quud Im|)erat<)r inultaruMi teirarum dnn.inium pcrili-
dif. Namijue soiebat esse /)omiuu<, Uoinaiiornm, Gr.xcoruni, Asia', Syriie, ludeue, .Ejjx pti,
Arabia', & Persia-, at nunc solum rctinct Greciam, nun ali<iuilnis terris (Jrei i;e adiaccnii-
bus, sjciit Calisirum, C'liolclios, ()rlij;<), Tylbriam, Minos, J'Icmiii, McIos. Carpatcs, J,cni-
non, Thraciam, & >facedoniani lotam : Si'mtq; sub eo Caypoplij, & aiii I'ynienardi, ac
maxima pars Comniannorum. Porro ima)!;o tenet manum rieuatam & extentam in oricn-
fein, velut in signum cominalionis ad Orienlales inlideles. Dc pnedicta terr.i Thraciu' luit
I'hilosophus Aristotelcs i^iundus in Ciuitale Stajjcres, & est ibi in loco luinba eius velut
allare, vbi & sinnulis annis eerto die cclebratur i\ po|nilo fesfum illius, ac si luisset sanctus.
Tempnribus ergo magnorum eonsiliorum cunueniunt illuc sapientes terr.e, reputantes sibi
jier inspirationem immiiti consilium optimum de agendis. Item ad diuisionem Thiacia; &
Macedonia- sunt duo mirabilitcr aiti montcs, vnus Olympus, alter Athos, cuius vltimi vinbra
orienie sole apparet ad 76. miliaria, ssquc in insulam Lemnon. In lioruni cacumine mon-
lium ventus non currit, ncr aer mouctur, quod frequenter )m)batinn est per ini;enium As-
tronoinorum, (pii (piandoque ascendentcs scripserunt litcras in pulucre, quas set|.a'nti aniui
inuenerunt quasi recetUcr scriplas, & quia est ibi purus aer sine niixtione elenieiiti aqua-,
necesse est vl ascendentcs liabeant serum spongiai aquic plenas pro anhelitus respiraiione :
In praedicta autem sanrias sophi.T lifclesia, (sicut ibidem diciiur,) voluit olim (|uidain Ini-
perator corpus cuiusdam sui defuncti scpelire cognati : cuius cum fotleretur sepulcliruir,
venfum est ad mausoleum antiquum in quo super incineratum corpus iaceliat discus ami
puri, & erat sculpfum in eo lileris Gncci.s, Ilebraicis, & Latinis sic. lesus Chrisius nascetur
de Virt;ine, Re csn (redo in cum, Et erat simul inscripta data definicti secundum modum

illius

r. Maiuhnll.

rit naiiipatio,
oyt, Valonir,
npolim pr.T-
qiu'xl a porlii
communitci

S. I. JManiUull.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

lerquc mura-
laiit lirncliiiiiu
it dp iiiari est
lira Icciimtir,
I- miilta inira-
cjsissima ("riiv
iv viio cla-
In Kepis Fraii-
•m vliiiiiKiuc:

I'sia Cosiaiiti-
ta (lifiiiir, it
Hu.'im ill ncv-
sUiv Domiiiir
' laianpclisiu."
riiiiiali.i tj)ii-
iiiiisiiuidi icli-
U{Uani, siiiicl
111 iiianiKircMin
icratoiis Ml per
nila, i\[\x iaiii
i.iiiiuiii pci'di-
ulca>, .l'!gy|)(i,
•t i.T adiaii'iiii-
'arpatc-s, Lcm-
') nii'iiaidi, a(
itani ill (iricii-
1 Thrariir liiii
nl)a ciiis vt'liit
"iiissct .'•aiictiw.
ifpiilaiiti's >il)i
111 Tiiiatia; &
s vliiini viiibra
anitiiinr inori-
iiincniuin As-
si'ti'icnti aniui
li'inenli aqua-,
i rcspiraiioiio :
n quidain Im-
ir scpiiiiliniiTi,
'bal discus ami
irJNliis iiasrcriir
iiiidiiin niiidiiiii
illiii^

heni
itll.

illius temporis, qiifc conlinebal duo inillia annoniin ante incarnationcm ipsiiw Chrlsti tie
Maria Vlrjjine. Seriialiir qii6qiic hodierno tempore eadcm iiatinaiiiTlicsaurario eiusdem
Ecclesia?, & diiitur illiid ccrpin fuisse IKriiiclis sapicntis. Onines quidem, tcrrariiin, rc-
«ioiuiin. & insiilariiin iioniiiiei, qui iitti Greco obediuiit Imperatori sunt ChristianI, & bap-
tizati, tamcn variant siiimdi in alicjiio articnlo (idem suam a nostra vera fide Catholica, &
diiiersificaiit in niultis siios rilus \ ritibus Hoinana; Ecclesiu), quia iaindiu omiiicrunt obedire
Pontifiri Romano, dicentes, quoniam beatus Petrus Apostolus habuit sedem in Antiochia,
quamuis passus f'uit in Roma: Idtirco pilriarclia Antiorhcnus habet in illis Oricntalibus par- pjtriwchi
tibus similem potcstatcm, quam Pontilcx Romaiius in istis Occidcntalibus. Imperator etiam f;;'',^,^J;;
Constantinopoliianus creat eorum patriarchani, & iiistitiiit pro sua voluntatc Archiepis-
copos, & Ejiiscopos, & confcrt dignitates, & bcnclicia, similiter iiiuenta occasione destituit,
deponit, & priuat.

C A p V T. 4.
Via tarn per terras quam per aquas i\ Constantinopoli vsque*Acharoii. •VeiAchon

A Constantinopoli qui volucrit ire pedes, transibit slatim nauigio Brachium Sancti Georgij
(piiul satis est striitum, ibicpie ad Kuphinal quod est forte castrum, inde ad Puluereal, & hinr
ad casira Svnopolu. V.\ tunc intrat Cappadociam, tcrram latam sed plenatnaltis montibns,
dtiiide Turiiani ad portiim Theueron, & ad Ciuitatem ila dictani, nunc muiiitam firmis tur-
ribus, ac muris, per quam transit fluuius Reglay. Postea transiiur sub Alpibus Noyremont,
& per valliN de Mallenlirinis in dislricto Rupiiun, ac per villain Doronarnm, & alias villas
adiacentcs (liiuijs Reglay, & Ciranconi.T, sicque peruenitnr ad Aiitiochiam minorem super
Reglay, qn.'c voratur nobilior Ciuitas Syria; : Notandum autem qu6<l Regnum olim dictum
Syria, inodo cominunitcr vocatur Suria. Ista ver6 Antiochia, est magna, pulchra, ac (irtna, Ami«hu.
licet quandoijue niaior, pulchrior, ac (irmior fuerit. Tunc autem ti^nsitur per Ciuitates La-
onsam, GibelLini, Tortiisiniii, Toruplam, & Berythum super mare vbi sanctus Georgius fer-
tur occidisse Draconein. Hinc pcrgitur in Ciuitatem nunc dictam Acoii, quondam Ptolomai-
dcm, antiquiius Achaniii, qufc tempore quo cam vltimo Christiaiii tenebant circa annu incar-
nationis Domini I'iSO. erat Ciuitai vald6 I'ortis, sed modo ajiparent eius magnaeruina;. Porrd
a ('onsiaiiliiiopoli potcrit pcregrinus Taciliijs versus Ilierosolymoru partes per mare naiiigarc
(pia per terras peres'rinare pnedicta-i, si deiis illi propitius fuerit, & mare fide cOseruaiierit.
(iui ert;() a Costantinopoli iter trasire iiauigaiido disponit, tendat ad Ciuitatem* Myrnam vbi 'VtiSmyr.
nunc o^-ia Saiicli Nicliolai veiicrantur, & sic procedendo per multa maritimaloca veniet ad """•
Insulnni Sio \bi c^e^cit KUinini niastix liicidiiin : Inde ad Insulam Pathmos Sancti loannis sio.
lai;iiij;cli-iia', & ad I'plicsum vbi idem nosciliir scpultus : banc totain minorem Asiam tencnt
iiiiiu- pessimi Turci, iK: earn appellant minorem Tiirciam. PostEphesum nauigatur per plures
Iiisiil.is vMj; Pateram Ciuitatem, vnde oriuiKliis fuit beatus Nicholaiis, ac per Myrrheam vbi
titctit EpIiCMis, vbi nascuntur fortia ^inavald^, deinde ad Insulam CrettX, hinc Coos postea
Laiigo, vnd6 llypocr.ites Mediciis dieitiir natiis : tuncq; ad grandci ■ insulam Rhodnm ; & Rhodus infuU
sciendu quod a Constantinopoli vsq; Hbodci, |)er mare dicuntur d :;;,-!; octuaginia leiiea?.
llanc insulam totaiii tencnt, N' gubernant Cliristiani llospitalarij nunc I'-ioris, quie quondam
Colosse dicebatiir: nam iH: innlli SaraceiKiriiin adhuc earn sic appellant, vnde & Epistola,
(piain beatus Paulus ad haliitaiorcs huius Iii»ula> scripsit, intitiilabntur ad Colossenses. Ab
hoe loco naiiigando in t^yprum, aspicitur absorptio Ciuitalis Sathaliic, <pia.> sicut olim Sodonia
diciiiir pcrij^se, propter vnicum crimen eonira naturam a qiuxlam liiiune pelulante com-
nii-sum. Seic'.iduni quod a Rli< <lo ad Cypnini feruiitur plenc quingenta" tpiinquaginta leuca? : Cypmsinsui.
Cypnx maii;iia, & pulchra est Insula hal)ens Archicpiseopatii, <uni qiiinquc I'.piscopatibus
sullrauaiiei^: Illuc Faiiiogosia, est vnus de principalibus portibus miiiidi, in quo fcr^ omnium
mereatoresconueniunt natinniiiii, tam Chrir-tianoriiin, quam multorum Paganoriim, & similiter
apiiil |yoriuni Limeehon. Est il)i &: Abbalia ordinis sanrti Benedieti, in montesanctjeCrucis,
\bi dicilur saliiati latronis seniari crux, »pii in cadem cruce audiuit i\ Christo, Hcxlii; mcciim
eris in Paradiso. Ci rpus etiam sancti Ilylarionis senialur ibi, in castro Damers quod Rex

■ I- 1

(

'I;

I I:

Cypri

,' ■ '.

I ' '

Fortla Cypri
vina.

loppi, vt I

VOYAOF.S, NAUIGATIONS,

S. 1. Mandtuil.

Io|>ri,
laffr.

Prtfiui Tyii,

■liii &\»,

Achon,olim
Acturon.
Mons Cirmrli

Fouj ficlron.

multitudo
viiirn* in
«B"s.

Cypri Tacit diligeniiiUiini^ ciiKtodiri: Vllri\ mnclum Tortiavina na<«cuntur inCyprn, qiiic primo
nihra, post annum albcNnint, & quo vrtUNtiora, c(i albiora, ac. majjis odorifera, ar fortia effl-
liuntur. Vlterii^ii paucidsimae villa;, aut Ciuitatcx sunt ('hriMtianoriun, cd fer^ omnia Saracrni
pojisidrnt infideles: ct proh dolor, ab Anno liiOO. in<arnationi'4 Domini aut rirn\, parilici
tcnurrimt. Qui aulcm a Cypro pro!)perc \c<j(\i spncia maris pnlcrit in duobuH naturalil)Uii
diebus peruenire in portuin loppa;, qui lafl'c nunr uiuk upatiir, iV< proximu-* i-Ht a leru^aleni,
dislaus Iti. tantum Icuras, hocettt dirta rum diiuidia. Va scirnilum quod rirca medium, inter
Cypnim, & lafTe est portus Tyri quondam munitiksimac Ciuitatis, haiu- dum vltimo Saraceni
A Chri»itiani!i ceperunt turpiiiiimt! (Icslnixrnint, ruxtodienlC!* i:im curios^poriiun, limnrc Chrio-
lianorum. Istc portus non vocatur m(Kl6 Tynis, scd Sur. N.im iSc ab ilia i)artc est ibi iniroi-
tU8 terrac Suriae. Ante istam Ciuitatcm Tyrum habctur quidam lapin, super qiiem dominux
Hosier lesus Christus Nedendo miis discipulis vel populis pnrdicauil. V'nde, & Chrixtiani
olim super hiinc locum construxcrunt F.rclcsinm in nomine Saliiatciris, IVrrKrinus vrro qui
ab hoc loco vult pcrcgrinari, morost^ sciat, (|U(idad otto Irucas a Tyro inorirnlcm p-tSarepla
Sydoniorum, vbi olim Elias Proplieta (ilium \idun^ susciiauil a morti-. Itcm(|; sci.it, quod
a Tyro in vnica tlicta prrgcrc potest in Atlmn, ^iuc Acharon supra scripla. Circa Aeon
versus mare, ad ViO. stadia, quoruui H». leucam (onstiiuuni, est mons Carmeli, vbi mora-
balur priX-fatus Elias, \' super alium montein Villa Salli-a vbi sanctus laeobus, ik ioannei*
^ermani Aposloli tiuNcebantur, & in quorum naiiuiiatis loeo pulehra habetur Eeclcnia. Item
propt^ Aeon ad ripam dictam Releon, est fossa inidtum viilis, iSj mirabilis tpKe dieitur fossa
Mennon, hafc est rotunda t ireumferentia, cuius diameter contiuet prope i(X). cid)ilos, plena
alba & resplendenle arena, & mundacx qua conliciiur nuuulum i^' perliicidum vitrum. I'ro
hae arena veniiur per aquas, & per terras, & c\port:itur nianibus & vehieulis prop^& procul,
& quantumciinque de die exhauritur, repleta mane altero reperilur : Kt e-t in fosna ventus
grandis & iugis, qui mirabiliter arenam commouere videliir. Si cjuis autem vitrum dc hac
arena faciiun in fossa reponerel, conuertcretiir iierum in arenam, & qui imponeret frustum
tnelalli, verleretur in vitrum: nonnulli reputant banc los>,ain esse spiraeulnm maris arcnosi,
de quo mari aliquid lonilunis sunt in seiiuenlibus, Ab Aeon via versuH lerusalem bifurcatur:
nam qui tenet vnum latus potest ire serus lordanem fluuiinn, in Ciuiiatem Damasi urn, qui
veru aliud, ibit in tribus aut (juatuor dielis (ia/am,de qua olim fortis Samson asporiauit nocte
fores portarum : deinde in Ciesaream I'liilippi, iV AsialnneiU, iV loppam porliun su|)radiclum,
Hincque in Kama, iV Castelluni llinaus, \' sic in lerusalem xrbem sacroitanclam.

(" A r V T. r».

\'ia a Francia aul I'landria jier solas terras VNque lerusalem.

ITincribus, (pin' per terra>, »V per marc a no-tris jiartibus due:int in terram promissi<ini<«
descriptis, rcslat breuiter dicendinn de alia via, j)er jpiam oninino mare transeundimi non
est, videlicet per Ahnauiam, |)er Hohemiam, per I'ru^siaiii, & bine per terram I'aganortiui
rejini Lituani.T, iV sir per lori;;am, iV: pessimam terram jirinia- Tartari.T vsque in Indiam:
Dico autem Tartaria' prima?, qiioniam de bac exijt primus lni])cratiir lolius Tartari.T, qui sem-
per Ndcatur (irand Can, quo vi\ maiorcm mundus liabet terreiunn Dominum, excepto Im-
peratnre superiori- Indi;e, de (piibus in secunda \' terlia buius tractalus |)artibus, aliipianto
e*t ditliisius narrandum. Cuncli prinripes buius prinia- Tarlaria-, qiuirum smnnuis semper
vocatur Haclui, iV mcralur in Ciniiate Ilorda, reddunt liiiperalori (irand Can, maj>na tributa.
I>t aulcm h.xr prima Tartaria terra mi-cra &• sabulosa, iV: iiifructuo-a: hoc enim scio, quod per
ali(|M(i(l teinpiis •iteti in ea, & pcraminilaui Insuias, re^ioncs, tV terras circumiat elites, scilicet,
Hus^ia-, Iiidau, Craco, I.altoii, Uestau, iV alias uonnuilas : crcscunt iiamque in isia Tartaria
mi'dii a blada, panca vina, <V fi utinim, ac fruifiim ])arua eopi.i, exceptis herbis pro pastu
Heslianiiii, quarum ibi (•■•t alniiiilanlia ; nam carnibiis illaniin vescuiilur j)ro omnibus cibanjs,
ill-- earum «orbentcs, \ pro pdtu hibeiiles lac de oniiii <;encre bcstiariiin. (iiiin etiam |aii-
periorcs inandurant canes, Inpos, calns, ralos, talpa-, ai' imires, ac huiiismodi bcstiolas om-
lU's: sed nee aliquis Princep- aul pra'lalus cfiiiictlit \ lini seniel in die, iK: hoc parct^, vel par-
(is-imc: iS: sunt himiiiics \aM('~' iimiuiiiili, (juia non ni^i beni; diuitcs \ tuiilur niapjiis, linte-

miinibiis

/. Mmdtuil.

I, qtins primo
ac lortia effl-
inia Saraccni
irciV parilici

nniuraliluiii
a IrriiHaleni,
iiciliiim, inter
limo Sararcni
limnrc Chris-
rsf ihi iiiiroi-
irm iloininu!4
& ChrNtiani
iiUH vrro qui
m p«t Sarcpta
; sci.it, quod

Circa Aeon
cli, vl)i mora-
ls, i"fe ionnncit
'I'lmia. Itt*in
< clicitiir los>a
iibitos, plena
vitriim. I'ro
opi! & procul,
11 fosna vcntiis
v'itriiin cic har
nerct rrusiiiin
maris arenosi,
?mbirnrcatiir:
ama.s(iim, qui
iporiauit noctc
I siipradictum.

1 prnmismonw
srunduni non
n I'agaiioruiii
(' in Iiullam:
lari.Y, (pii scin-
, rxrcpto Iin-
buH, ali<|iinnto
iMimus semper
in.i^'na tril)iita.
Slid, cpioil per
elites, srilici'f,
in isl.i Tarlaria
rl)is pro (laxtu
iniliiis cilwnj";,
nin ctiain paii-
i bcsiidlas om-
):ir(i^, vol ])ar-
ni:i|)|)is, liritc-
aniinil)us

S. I. Mandeuil. .

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

aminibus, aut lineii* indumcntis: Hed nee habcnt copif.m liRnorum, vnde &.- finium boiun, ac
omnium bcHtiiirun) deVucatmn ad Holem accipiuntim) i^nis materia, vl)i w ealefaiiunt, & co-
quendo eoqiiunt. Aestiuo tempore, tadunt ibi frenuentcr tcmpestaten toniiniorum, lulminQ,
& f-randinuni, quibu^ domuH, arborc!*, bestia-, & homineH.comburuntur, euellunlur. & oc-
cidunlur. Nam iStquandnque wibrepenti oritur ibi calor immo<l» ratus, & improuino frigus
immoderatmn. Denfquc eiim terra ilia, hc multum inclinetad polum Sepiontrionalem, \m-
tius ibi avhre solct, & frcqucntiuH, ac diutiuH qiii\m ad partes nojitras, vnde & qua-*! nmncs
h.ibent ibi stupas in qiiibiw manducanf, & operantur. Ncc valet i noMiri!* partilnw inRredi
ad illam nisi tempore >;eliridij, quod ad introitum cius sunt tren dicta:, dc via molli, aqualica,
& proluiida, ill qua dum viator putaret sc stare securum, profunderetur in lutum ad tibias,
ad ucniia, ad' femora velad rcnes: hoc ergo sciendum qu6d paucissimi tcndunt per banc yiam
in terrim'promiM-iionis: Nam iter cstgrauc, distortum, longum, & periculosum sicut audistiii,
im6 pcriculosius quikm scribo.

C A P V T. fi.
Via dc Cypro vcl lerusalem vsquc in Babyloniam /ligypti.

DE-cripto sirut potui triplicittjritinere in terram sanctam, reslat viderc de duabus alijs vij.«,
(iiiiB ineider.ler solcnt cnntingerc jjeregrinis : Multi namquc illorum ex speciali deuoiione
desidcrnnt visitare osna beatissimac Virginia Cathariniu in monte Sinay: Cum igitur ipsis sit
nercssarius Scdilani Babyloni.-e conductu^ eo quod Impcrjtor sit, & dominus omnium illarum
tcrnirum, quid.im postq'iiam penieniunt in Cypru tcndunt prim6 in Babyloniam ^gypti, pro
impetrando rondiu in scciiro, atque indd pergentes in Sinay vadunt in lerusalem. Quidam
vtT6 pdstquam prrfecrrunf perenrinationem Hierosolymitanam, pergunt jier terras ad Solda-
num pro cdmluriu, it tnin in Sinay, propter quod vlramque viam breuitcr describo. Dc
Cvpro in .1!j;yptiini iiiir per marc relinquendo Hicrosolvmorum terram ad manum sinistram,
si accipilur prinuis |inrins .I'lirypti, dirtiis Damiala: ibi quondam Fuit Ciuita^ vald^ munita,
scd qiind Christian! illam, primi & altera vice ceperunt, Sarraccni vltimo deslruxcrunt, &
aliain remofiiis a iiiiiri eiusdem iiominis Ciuit:item anlilicauerunt : Ilinc vcnifur in portum
Alex iiidriii' rg\pti, qua? est Ciiiitas magna, piilehra, it Oirtis valde, sed /ibsq; aquis potabili-
btis. Addiu it t.iiiu'n sibi per longos ductus aquam Nili (luminis in cisternis ad |)otaiulum.
Alexandria iiobills 'M). stadia lial)ct lon<;itiidinis dec^Miique in latiiiu. In ea restant adhuc
plurcs Ecdesiiv ,'i tein])(irc Cliristianoriini, sed Sarraceni nnn sustincntes picturas Sanctorum
omnes parietes albauerunl. He Alexandria per terras veiiitur in Babyloniam Mgy\yU, qua; etia
fimdaia iaeet supra pr.edii tum Niliim fluuiiim: Diritiir autem ha'c Babylonia minor ad difte-
renliam inngp.T nahvloiiin', sine Babel, vbi Deiis linguas confudit olim, qua? tendcndo inter
Orientem & Scplentrionem diktat ab ist:i dietas circifer 40. nee est sub poteslatc Soldani, sed
Imperatoris I'ersarum, qui illam tenet in liomanin ab Imperatore Cathay, dicto. Grand Can.
Iliec autem Babylimin .I'fiypti est Ciuita^i gr.Ulis i"t fortis, tamen vaidd prope cam est alia ma-
iiir dicta Ca\r, in qua vt s.epius residet Sdldaiiiis, (pmnquam Babylonia nomen per seculum
(lifTusius est cognitiim. Altera autem via perei;iir.oriiin dc Uicrosolymis pro conductii teii-
denlium ad Soidamim talis esse potest. Primo leiidant de lerusalem in siipn\ dictam Ga/.am
I'alesiiiiorum, incle ad Ca^tclium Dayre, :ilquc ex tunc exitur dc terra Syriir, & intratur ;i su-
perior! parte in ilesertiiin longum arcnosuni, iv sterile, propi; ad septem dietas, quod lingua
eoruin vocaiiir Abilech: tamen per illud iniieniantur plura hospitia, vbi haberi possunt ad
victuin necessaria. Et qui in ruiulo rectum iter tenet, veniet in Ciuitatem dictam, Balbes,
qu;c est ad (incin Ilegiii Ilalapi.r: Sicijuc cxpleti) Dcserlo, intratur terra .lilgvpti, quam ipsi
CaiKipat vocant, i'\: aiiqui Mersur, atque ex tunc in Babybmiam, & Cayr prjcfatam : In ista
veroIJabylonia liabelur pulchra Ecclcsia Mari.T \iri;inis, in loco vbi morabatur cum fdiosuo,
iS; losepb tempore suai fugae, & credilur ibi contineri c(>rpus Virginis Barbara?.

MoT«» Tiit»-

rnrum.

Hyemt nracl-
pue iter fjciunt
pet teirtm.

BitiylenU
Aciypti*

Dimiitaportui

Afiypii.

Alriindrw

Ciyr ciuitas.

Abilech desri'
lum.

i.i

M a

C A P V T.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

.v. /. Mandauil.

\< 1 ■ '

Ctliphui quid
til.

8«riftSoU«nuril

Afgypti.

Rlchardul Rri
An|li«.

HdA'atihii ]<rin-

Cff'^All^lt.f.Rr.

|ii Ht-nr. J. till-
ut.

Dominiil Min-
dful! tti(<ndit-

Illil SllldilllCLM-

\1t Allbi w

PotrntiaSolduiii
Arjll"'-

Kfufifnti. (1-

blbltj Si Id4l.><.

Ctiiui nnmrn
ftat M. IiuiHUI
id iiarbjim.

C A I- V T. 7.

I)c Pallatio Soltlani, ac iiiimrrn, &: noininibun proeteritonim Snidanoriim.

CAyr riuitas ImporialiM i<t ItrKaliit esr viil(l6 iniinila, & grandis drrnrala urdo propria Sar-
rarcnoriim Kogni, vbi dominuM coruin Soldaiui!* cOimiiiilor rrtidrre Hoirt, in niio (^alahrlick,
id c-it, caxirn t'orii, ti latn, ac in euecia riipc ulaliitn. Siqiiidcm SoldaniM roriim lingua ho-
nat nomen itimilii* maieNtatiM, quo nnn in Latino dicimim CirMiirt-in, mil Impcratorcm. I'ro
cuNtfHiia huiiH Caitri Niint ibidem omni tempore inoruntC!* hck inillin pcrHoniirn, ti iiio Ncriii-
endd, diim ibi reiidct, ipsi Soldaiio, qui omiicn dc Curia cadein art ipiuiit necessaria, ik do-
natiua. Iste Imperator SoldaniH, est Hex, DnininAxque qiilnque Hejjnorum mannorum: Ca-
nopat, hoc eti, ,!;>{> pti; toiiu« ludea?, sicut olim Dauid, & Salomon; llaln|)iii', in terra Mac h-
syria", cuius ciuiias Damascus olim eral principalis; Andiiie, quod est rcmium valiit' proien-
siim, & cum his ponsidei dominalus omnium Caliphoruni: ad qu<Hl si ieiidum,(pi('Ml(|uaii(loipie
I'lierunt iresCaliphonim doniinatus: E\ quibiis primus CaJiphiisqui d>rclialiir ('haidicorum, &
Arabuin, cuius era! seden in ('iuitalc Haidac. Alter Barbarorum & Atlricoruiii, cuius trat sedeii
in M.iroco nuper Mare llispaniuv Terlius Ae}{y|)ii : Vm autein Culiphus inter eon, velul inter
noK Imperator, St I'apa simul, scilicet, Ddniinus lemporaiium, iV spirilualium. Exactis i^i-
turCaliphis circa aniuiin incarnationis Chrisii M.'ri), primus Soldanorinn I'uit nominatus Sara-
con: secundus lilius eiiis, Saladin, qui anno I IIH). cum Tiircis totam feri tcrram |)romis>ionis
abstulit ;\ Chrisiianis. F,t hub ipio Hichardus l(c.\ An^liie cum alijs principibus Chrisiianis
custodiebat passum Hupiuni, nc ille sicut proposueral transire, prolecisset \ltra. Terlius
Melachsala, a quo s.jk'Ius I.iidouicus rex Fraixia- captiuabaiur in belio. Quarius Turqucna,
qui l{e);ein prjedictu rediini dimisii pro peciinia. (}iiiiuus Melelh. Sexlus Melelhcmes. Sep-
timus Ntelec dayr, sub (pio Kdwardiis Ke\ AiiKliic intrauit i um nosiris Syrian), tlamnilicans
|ilurimum Sarr.iccnos, Ociauiis Melee salle Nontis KIphi, (pii Anno Incarnationis Domini
I'iHi). dcstruxit in illis parlibus enormitor Chrisiianos, iV pcnilus oiniies inde fu^aiiil, utque
recepii Tripolim Ciuiiatem. Decimus Melethasseras: hie cepil Anno Domini 1291. in octatia
paschif Ai charon, fugatis vd occisis ex ea omnibus Christianis. l^xiiuie amis^is Nuccedentiiiin
nominibtis, sextUN decimus diiebatur vel diciliir Melee Mandibroii: sub islo sieti e^o perali-
quod tempus siipcndiariiis in nuerris suis contra He<Iones, (pii ei nine temporis rebellabanl.
Iloruin etiain mores, \: continenliam popiiloriim, in sfipieiilibiis dcclarabo: sii ut veraciter
fatcri pos-iim, ipse ad liliam i iiiiisdain siii I'rincipis me obtulii vxorare, iV- inai;nis dolare po»<-
sessionihiis, dummodo Clirislianilati resiKn.assein : Kumqiie dimisi Soldanum, (piaiulo de par-
libus illis recevsj. Siddaniis pnTlcr homines ad sua casira seruan<la di'putalns, potest ediicere
quoti(s \elit in cxerciliim de hominibus de ipsius stipendiis \iui iiiibiis, iV' ad eiiis iu;;it^i'
niaiulaia paralis, 'iO niillia armatorum.ex sola .Kfjypio: El ex Syria, & 'rurcia,\ alijs lerris,
.^0. millia exceptis niralibiis, & Ciuiiatunicomitalibu^, qui sunt velul iiiniiinerabilcs. Miles
quidem slipendiarius recipit de Curia ])rn anni Tempore I'^l. aurcos, ^ sub lali stipendio
scruii rum iribiis eipiis iV vno Camelo. Quadringenii, vel Quingcnii horiim militiim ordiiiali
•>iinl sub vno reclore, ipii vocatur Admirabilis: Kt ille solus recipit dc curia taiiUim, .sicut
omiiessibi subdili: Nolandum quod nunquam exiraiieus Niiiuius ire permilliliirad Soldanum
ni<i aural is indiilus vestibus, vel panno Tartarico aut camuleoto ad nudum nobilium Sarrace-
iioriiin'. i& oporlei vt vbicuque primiim nuncius Soldanum aspic iat, sine ad ieneslras, sine alibi,
\t ladal ad jjenua, vel protiniis osciiletur terram, quia talcm rcuerenliam facere, si^iuim est
qiioil ille desiderat ei loqui. Qiiamdiu autcni tales loquuntur sibi, aul literal* osiciulunt, cir-
tuiii'tant Apparilores extensis brai hijs, leualoH tencntcs mucrone.s, gladios, gezas, iV^ m:icka»
ad rcrieiidiim, liv: occidediim, nI quid dictum vel nuneiaium fuerit, quod Imperalori displiicat,
quirn rlio illesigiiaiierit Iriicidari. Veriinlamen sciendum est, qui^Kl iiullius huminis per-
sonaliicr al) ipso quidipiain peienlis consiieiiil rcpellere preces rationabilcs, & contra CJruiii
lejfcs aut mures iion vcnientcs. PorrA ego in Curia mancns, \idi circa Soldanum vniim ve-
iii'r.i!)ilcm, iVi experlum inedicum, de nosiris pariil)iis oriunduin : solel namqiie circa se re-
tiiiere diucrsarum medicos naiioniim. & quos nominandir audieril esitc rama>: Nos lamen rarn

iiuiiccm

/. Mandtutt.

urn.

c propria Sar-
iio f'iilahrli( k,
iitn liii){iia Ko-
niton-m. I'ro

8i pi (I Nrnii-
■s-ana, & <li>-
i^niiriim: Ca-
in iiTra Miuh-

viildi- protiMi-
i'kI (|iiuii(l6i|iie

li.ilda'oniin, Ik

llillt ITilt »«'«l»'!<

cnH, vfliit inter

1. K\arti>< i^j.

inminalus Sara-

im proniiH.si(ini^

l)tiM ('lirisliani!<
sitra. TiTliu«i

arms Turiiiicna,

•k'lhenirs. Si'p-
iin, (lainiiiliranH

lalioiiis Doiniui
■ ru);aiiit, ut(|Uc-

I2*JI. ill iictatia
is siici'odontiiiin
itcii t'jjo prrali-
(■ris rt'licllabanl.
: si( lit vfraciler
:iKiii> (idtarr pos-

qiiaiulo lie par-
S piitc»i cdiucro

nd fins iu>;itdi'
:ia, iS» alijs tcrris,
leraliilfs. Miles
III) tali Nlipeiidio
milituin ordiiiali
ia taiitiim, sinit
itiirad Soldaniim
)l)iliiini Sarrarc-
otias, >iue alibi,
ere, sij;iiiim est
K iisieiuliint, cir-
ijezas, iV,: in:irkji>
>ratori displiicat.
IS huiniius per-

& ('(Ultra e>>riini
laniim vniiin vc-
iiqiie lirca se rc-

No.t taiiien rarn
iiuiicem

S. /. Mandeutl.

THAIFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

iniiiccm conuenimiw ad coll(i(|iiiiiin, e<\qu(Wi meuin ncruiiium eum suo nindirumcotigruebatt

lonno aiilcm poN|ei\ tempore, & al) iilo lino remote, videlicet in Leodij i iuitate, rompoNui

liorlatii & adiiiforio eiii<dein venrrabilis viri hune Iraclaltim, siciil in line o|)eris totius enarralxi.

Il^inqiie in Cayr ciiiitate diiciintiir ad forum commiiiiiiur lam viri ipi^in muliercs alianim le-

guni. & natioiniin veiiales, \ ad modiim bcNtiarum vcndiintiir pro pei iinia ad Meriiiendiini in

siiis arlilirijs IIai)L'iiir qiioque il>i ddinim plena CuriiiH paruio, in quibus per riHindcM domiot

tarn liycmc qiuW iisiatc foucnfnroiia Kallinaruin.analiiin, auiariiin, )k coliimliarum, vsqiic pd M»'°^""'^'"

pnicreatioiuin suoruin piilloriini, Si liijs iiiteiidiiiil, pro ccrto prctio accipiendo ;\ inulicrculia °'"''

illir oiia t'erentibiis.

C A p V r 8.

I)e Cainpo Dalsaini in F.gypto.

i;Xtra hanc ciiiitatem Cayr, est rampus sen aijer Ralsami : cirta qnod sciendum, qu(W
optiiniiin tdtiiis imindi RaUamuni in majjuo • rescit Indioe deserlo, vbi Alexander Magnus di- BiiMmum
I itiir quondnm lociitus I'uisse arl)oribus Solis ^ lain.T, de quo in scqiientibus aliquid est
icrilieiidiiin. lllo itaipie Iiidiic Kalsanio duntaxat exrepio, iion est liquor in vniurrso orbe,
qui luii<' <r<'(litur rdinparari. ihwarborcs scti arbusia Halsami Teiit (pioiula qiiid.im dc (-'ali-
plus A(';j;vpii dc Idco Knitaddi inter marc mortiiiim, iSc lerico, vbi Domino videntc exrreuerat,
eradicari, iS; in a;;ro pncdictn planlari : Ksl taincn hoc mirniulum, ipiod vbicuntpie alibi >iiie
pri'pc. sine rcmotji plantanliir. (pianiiiis fortt^ virenf, ^ cxuij»ant, non lamcn rriictilicant.
Va t" { (intrario apparel hoc mira( iilo<iiiii, (piod in hoc a;;ro ('ayr non sc permiltuni coii per
.Sariai cnos, sed sdliimtnodo per Chrisiiaiios, vcl aiiier non fnictificarent : Kt tlicuiit ipsi Sar-
i-accni hoc ><,'C|>ius <ic leiita»sc : sunt antem arbusta triuin vcl ipialnor pedum aliitudiiiis, vclut
\squc ail rcncs hnminis, iSc lignum enrum aspicicndiim, siriit viti-i syliiC'itris, I'olia nnii
inaiic-diint, ipiin prii'is marccscant Iritrtus, ccrnilur ad forinam C-'ubcba', & ^umini eorum
est haUaiiiuin. Ipiuras per corliies in lli;n(i, \ ex \ulneribiis nalxamiim lachrymaliir, quod in \as-
ciilis siiscipiiinl, (aiientes (|iidiit piis>unl, ne tpiid dc illd lalialiir in terram : Nam si dc ferro,
vcl alio nu'ialld licret incis>inM, liipior Halsami corriimpcretiir i\ sua virlute. Veri Halsami vinuinviti
virtutcs -lint inai;n:c (piiilcni, i\ iiinunK'rosic : ram \ix aliqiiis niortaliiim scire poliiit omnes, ^'^"""^
tpninuis inter I'lwsiid- (jiiini|iia'^iiit i ^i rili.int r. H irA Nliipic S'arraccni venilnnt Chri^tianis
piiriini \' vcriini llal-amiiin, (piin priiis < oininJM'canl, iV ral-ifiianl siciit e^oipsc frcciiicntcr
villi. Nam aliipii tiriiaai, snqnaii.nn partem iinmi-'i'cnl tericbynlhin.x-. Alii ramusciilos s„„h,„uj,ionci
arl)ii«lartim, & IVin iii» eorniii cuquiini in nleo, quod veiidiint pro Halsamo; & qiiiilam (quod Ujiumi.
pcssiniiini c»l) nil li.iNanii halx iiics, tlistillant ilcimi, per » laiid<i ^ariiiphillos, iSc spicum nar-
diiMi, iV,: similes dddril'er.is spnics, hix pro HaUanm i \|ti'nentes, atcpie aliis plurihiis modis
dchuluiil imcnics. Sed iV Mcrcat' res imiii i in iidiinncqiiain sopliisticani altera vice : pro- p,„i,„io„,i
Kitio ;uileni \eri HaNaini potest halieri pliiribiis nioilis, qnoriini aliquos hie dcseribo. Kst Bjiumi.
eiiim Cilrini cidoris, valili"' i laniiii, & piinini, ix rdrli«.simiim in lulnris fraj;ranlia : si ergo
apparel alteriii'< jpi.nn Ciiriiii tnlori*, «eiattir i\-n\ siniplieis, sed tiiiiisi nnque cominixt.r sub-
Ktantiie, \el ita splsMim, vt non p -sit (hicie, >( it tc sopliisticatiim. Item »i posucris modi-
cum veri Hal-ami in maims |ialiia, non [xitcris -ii-lincrc cam linialitcrin ferimro splendentis
Solis ad •.paeiiim n I iianil.e I), ininiiic driiionis Item -i in claia flamma iunis vcl candelu)
«ereie miscris punctiim c illcHi ciir.i fjnila ptiri ll.ilsami. ipsa nulla de facile combiiretur.
Item si in seiitclla inunili cum puro lai le raprino posucris miMlieum veri Bilsami, siatim,
misccliit sc, iV vnietiir eiim lai te, ita\t Halsniiiuin non coj;noscelur. Item ^ contra, si po-
sucris vcriim Mals.imuni (iini a(|!ia I.yinpida, ninupiam misccbit sc aqiue, etiamsi aquam mo-
ueris Ncliciiicnler, in o Hai'-.imiiin »( nipcr tciidit ad rnnilum va«is, iiain c-t in siii ipianlitatc
valdti pondcrDMiiii, \; iiixta ipiod niiiiiis poiideruMim inuencris, ampliuti falsilieatuin noiieris.

A r V T,

1 ,1

.?»

'>'

"!'

IS't

■W

;f J

■M,^. '

'ti

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandeuil-

Inundatio Nili.

Raroin Aegyplo

Nubli.

Phoenix viti »
Mdndeiiillo.

M(cbi

Liter* Soldini
in gratiim Man-
dfuilli wvn'.tiix

C A P V T. 9.

De Nilo fluiiio, & Aegypti tcrrilorio.

Nllim RupHk (lictus fluuiiis Aegypti appcllatiis est alio nomine Gyon, cuius origo est i\ I'a-
radi.so terrestri. Hie venit currens per deserta liuii<x" Maidris, hincque per meatus subter-
raneos transit plures terras : Fxiens sub Monte Aloth, inter Iiidiam, & Aethiopiam, & Mau-
ritaniam intra deserta Aegypti, irrigans totam longitudinem Aegypti vsque ad Alexandriam.
ibique sc perdit in mare. Sole intrante signum Cancri omni anno, hoc est, ad quindcnam
ante Festum Natiuitatis loannis Baptistas inripit paulatim fluuius rrescere, & inundare,
quousque sol intret Virginem, quod est circa Festum Laurentij, atque ex tunc decrescere, &
minui, donee Sole veniente in Lybram intra suos alueos se conseruef : Di'imque per iiuinda-
tion?m nimis eflluit, damnificat terrae cultnras, & fit Charistia in Aegypto. Et similiter dum
parum exundat, ingruit esuries, quoniam in Aegypto rarissim^ pluit, aut apparent nubes,
quoniam si quandoque pluerit in asstate, terra muribus adimpletir. Terra Aegypti continel
in longitudine dielas quindecim, in latitudine fer^ tres, & habet triginta dietas deserii : ^ fi-
nibus Aegypti vsque Nubiam, duodecim sunt dielac. Hi Nubij sunt Christian!, 8ed nigri,
velut Aethiopes, vel Mauri.

Phoenix aivf, de qua dicitur, quod semper vnica iiit in niundo, viucns per annos quingen-
tos, qut'c & seips:im comburit, ac de ciiieribus ciu-', siue per n.-iiuram, siue per miraculum
alia creatur, ha[!c interdum apparet in Aegypto, Sc sicut inihi monstrabatur, vidi duabus vi-
cibus. Modicum est maior Aquila, cristam in capite maiorcm pauonis, collum habens cro-
ceum, dorsum Indicum, alas purpureas caudain duobus coloribus, per transuersum croeeo
& rubeo regulalam, qui singuli colores sunt ad splendorcm Snlis delcclabiliter videnlibus
resplendentes. In Aegypto niulta: habentur arbores, sexcics aut isepties in anno rructificantcs,
ibique frequenter inueniuntur in tcrr- Sniaragdi, & circa orain Nili alij ln|)ides preliosi. A
Babylonia Aegypti, vsque ad ciuitatem Meccam, (quam Fagani ibidem appellant lacrib, &
est in magnis dcscrtis Arabi.-c; -^unt triginta dua- dictac. In ea venrralur delestandum ca-
dauer Machon sine Machome' 'lonorabiliter & reuercntcr in Templo elus, quod il)i vocatur
Musket, de cuius vita aliquid Mifr;\ narrabo. Per pra-diita ilaquc :ii)parct, quod Iniperator
Sarracenorum Soldanus Babyn'-iia, valdc potcns e>t Dontinus.

V A r V 1. 10.

De conductu Soidaui, &: via vs(jue in Sinay.

PRius dictum est de reucrcntia Soldani, cpiando mI ipsum inlratur exhibenda. .'sciendum
crg(\ cum ab co jjctitur sccurus conduciu-, iieniini denr;j;;ire consucuit, scd d.ilur petenti-
bus communiter sigillum eiu-i, in appeiulitione absque Uteris: Ikx- sigiiluui, ()ro vexilln in
virga aut hasta dum peregrini fernnt, omnes S.irraccni videntes illud ficxis genibus in terram
sc rcuerenter inclinant, & pcrtantibus oinnem exliibmt humanitatem. Vcrumtamen satis
maior tit reuerentia litcris Soldani sigillatis, quod & Adniirat;iles, & quicunquc alij Domini,
quando eis monstrantur, antequam recipiant, se nuiltnni inrlinani: Dcinde amhabus manibus
eas capientcs potuint super propria cajiita, postci (siulanlur, it tandem legunt inclinaii
cum magna veneralione, quibus semel aut bis |)crlcclis, oflernnt se promptos ad e\|>lendum
qiiicquid ibi iiibetur, ac insuper exhibont dci'cronii, quicqnid possint commotii, vel honoris:
scd laleni conductum per litcras Sdldani vi\ quisquam prrcgrinoruni accipil, qui non in
Curia illius stetit, vel notitiam apiid ilium habucrit. Kgo auiem habui in recessu meo, in
quibus etiam continebatur ad omnes sibi subicctos speciale maiulatum, vt me permitterent
inlrarc, & rcspicere singula loca, pro niea* placito voluntatis, & mihi exponercnt quorum-
cuncpie locoruni mysteria distint-t^ tS; absque vllo velamine vcritatis, ac nu; cum onini soda-
litalf nica benign^ reciperent, & in cunclis ratinnalibus audircnl, requisiti aniem si necesse
forct de ciuifate conduccrcnt in ciuitatem. Habito ilaque peregrinis conductu, ad Montcm
Sinay potest ;\ Cayr vnam duarnm incipere stmilarum, vsque vallem Helim, vbi adliuc sunt
duodecim fontes aquarum. Nam vna viaruni est, vt pcrlranseat passagium maris rubri, non

long^

h • ••

/. Mandeuih

igo est A Pa-
icatiis Mibter-
iaiii, & Mau-
Alexaiulriam.
d qiiindcna;^
& inundare.
decrescere, &
e per iiumda-
similiter dum
)arent nubes,
jypti coniinel
deserli : h fi-
li, sed nigri,

inos quingen-
er miraculum
idi diiabus vi-
n iiabens cro-
lersuin c rocco
ter vidcntibus
fruciificanfcs.
i preliosi, A
jnt lacrib, &
estaiidum ra-
(hI ibi vocaiur
lod Imperator

a. Scicndiiiii
latiir pctenti-
pro vcxilli) in
ibiis in terrain
imtamcn satis
c alij Domini,
)al)us inanibiis
glint inclinati
id explondiim
i, vol honoris :
t, qui non in
ressii meo, in
* ptTiniltcrent
■ri-nt quoruni-
nn oiniii snda-
l«'in si iKH'essr
1. ad Montcin
bi adhiir sunt
aris rubri, non

■■»■

S. I. Mnndeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

longfe ab eodem loco, vbi olim popiiliis Israel Duce Mose, Deo iiibente, siccis pedibns tran-
sijf idem mare. Quod quidem. Vicbt aqua sit satis clara, dicitur ibi Rubrum propter lapiilos, {'"^"'J.'JJ.^j'-
& arenas subriifi coloris: & continet ibi nunc temporis passus maris in latitiidine fer6 sex .ppcUatur.
leucas. Transmissoque niari, ibit super banc longi; ab oris eiusdem per dicias quatuor, atque
ex tunc relinquens mare, tcndit per dcserta sex aut septem dierum, vsqne in vallem praefa-
tam. Alia est autem via, vt de Babylonia intret Dyrcen deserta, tendens ad quendam fon-
tem, quern dicitur Moses lecis^e : & hinc ad riuulum Murach, qui quondam, Mose impo-^''**""-
nente lignum, ab amaritudine dulcescebat, & sic tandem in premissam vallem perueniant. Et
restat via grandis dicta; ad Monfem Sinay ab hac valie. Nam a Babylonia vsque in Sinay,
Kstimatur esse via diiodecim dictarum, qua:nuis nonnulli citiiis perueniunt Hoc vcr^ sci-
endum, nemincm percgrinorum per hacc deserta sine ductore posse tendere, cui nota sunt
via;, sed nee cqui valent transirc, praccipu^ qutVl non inucnirent in desertis quid bibcre,
Aliquo tamen modo transitur per Camelos, c6 qii6d se continere possunt de potu duobus aut AMtintmu Ci-
tribus diebus : Et oportet vl itiucrantes ferant secum per viam necessaria ad victum proprium, "„°'"""''
& Camelorum, nisi quod interdum fortii Cameli aliquid sibi abrodere possunt circa cortices
arlni-iiotum, & folia ramusculorum.

C A P V T. II.

De Monasterio Sinay, & reliquijs beala: Cathcrinte.

M())i-i Sinav ai)pel!atur ibi di'scrtiiin .Syn ; quasi in radicc montis istius liabetur Cocno-
biuMi Monaciiorum pcrgraiidc, cuius riausura in circuitu est (irmat.i muris alfis, & pnrtin
ffiTcis pro iiiftu bestiaruin dcscrti. Ili Moiiachi sunt Arabos, & Graeci, & in magiio con-
iiciiiu, multiiin Deo dciioii: viiiiint in magna ab-^tincntia, vteiites simpliribus cibariis, de lotis
iCr (inrtvlis, & litiiusinodi, nee vinum potaiUcs, testis exceptis. Illic in Ecrlrsia Bcata? Vir-
»;inis &: matrix Calhcrin.-e semper lumpadcs plurima- sunt ardentcs, nam habetur ibi plena
copia oici ()liu;irum. A posteriori parte magni altaris monslratiir locus, vbi Moysi apparuit
Doioiiius in rubo ardentc, ipsum riibum adbuc seruans, quern dum monachi intrant, semper
se disealreant gratia illius vcrbi, (|uo Deus iussit Moysi ibidem, Soluc ealcia'nentum de pe-
dibns tiiis, locus eiiim in (|U() sia^, terra sanctacst: hunc locum appellant Bezelcel, id est,
vmiira Dei. Et proiJi' altare Irlbus gradihus in altitudiiie, habetur cap>a, sen Tumba Ala-
basiri, sanelis-ima cnntinen-i oss i Viri;iiiis. ("hristiani qui ibidem morantur, cum magna
reuerentia aduenientilius pere;;riiii'', a Monaehoruni pnelalo, seu ab alio in hoc instiluto, ex-
cijiiuntur. Is quodam in^lriiinento argciiteo eonsueuit ossa defricare, sine linire, vt ex iis
exeat niodieu olei, vclut paru'niicr sudoris, (piod tamen non apparet in colore sui tanquain
olei seu Hals:nni, sed aii(|u intuluin i)!uris imgiiitudinis. Et ex isto iradilnr interdum aliquid
petenlihus perejirinis, sed parum, quia ncc iniilliiiM cxudat. Ostendere solent iV capiu ipsius
Catherine cum inuolumento san^uinoKiito, I'v inullas pr.i-terea sanetas, 8c veneral)ilcs rcli-
»pii.is, qiue omnia iniuitiis «u:u dili^enter iK: <a'\)v, oeulis indignis. Ilahcnt quoqiie in ista
Ecclesia pro|)riam I.ainpailcm quilil)cl .Motiaihoruin, tpia- immiiiente illius disee-su lumen
pcrdiuiiuim miraculum variat vcl e\tii'giiit. Ki;o etiam < uricsius sujier vno dubio quod priiis
audieram, plures intermgatioius feci ab ali(iiiibus Monaclicrinn, vtrum scilicet pr.rlato corum Monachorum
deccilcnte semper successor per iliiiinum signum clii;eretur : & vix tandem ab eis recejii re- «'P''is™ta.
sponsimi, quod per vniim istcirum niiraciilorum liabetur successor, videlicet in inis.sa sepiilturrt)
def'uucti omnibus Monaciiorum Inmpadibus exiiiu tis, illius sola Dei luitu reaccenditur, queui
fieri vult pra>lalum, vel de ca'lo inuei.itiir nii-^us lireuiciilus super altare, in>i(ri|itiun habens
nomeii prielati futuri. Infra banc Ecrlesjam luincjiiam mu>ca, velatanea, aut huiusmodi im-
mundi vermicidi nascuntur. oi

nicidi nascuntur, quod similiter p.r iliuiniun accidit mu-acMlum: nam antt" replc-
bafur Ecclesia talibus imminulitiis. ^S; tniiis loruienttis recciloret ad ci trucndam Ecclesiatn

nlio 1(1

•o. Et ecce Dei gcnctri\ vi.i^obeata eis visibiliter obiiiauit, iiibens rcuerti, & di

reus iuuiquai\i l'cclesi;nn sintilibiis inl'estari. In ciiii

)UI.<IIOIUS

loco.

in asceiisu

pro-

longf

cliuo hums monijs per multos grains consiru\eniMt r.cclesjam, xiliticium excellens, in
honorem eiusdcin virginis. El ali(|iiinn'> aliiiH, per ciu-dem monlis ascensum est vetus

III

mi
m
m

.1 I

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Matideuit.

■ h. i

l.\

iSi

'fi

Capella, quam vocant Elia> Prophcta:, & loriim specialiter appellant Horeb. A cuius latere
in montis appendentia colitur vinea, quam noininant losnac scophis dc qua quidam putare
volunt, quoid Sanclus Joannes Euangclistn e.i'n primo plantuuit. In supcriori verd montis
verticc, est Capella, quam dicunt Moysis, & illic rii|)is scrunns adiuic corporis cius formani
impressam dum se abscondit, verilus dominum respicerL- in facie. Locus quoq; ibi ostendi-
tur, in quo Deus tradidit ei decem mandata, siue legem pruprio digilo scriptam, & sub rupe
cauerna, in qua mansit ieiunus diebui* 40. Ab hoc montt- qui vocatur Mosi, restat via pro-
ducta ad quartam Leurae, vsque in montem qui diiitur Sanclse Catherinac per vallem spe-
ciosam, ac multiim frigidam. Circa eiiis medium iuibctur Ecclcsia, nomine 40. Martyrum
conslructa, vbiinterdum veiiiunt Monachi cantaie niis<a:n. Ilic mons est satis altior Monte
Moysis, in cuius vertice Angeli Dei pi^ crcdimtur nttulisse, it scpcliisse corpus sanctissimae
Martyris Catharinae cum inuolumento capitis supra diclo. Attamen in ipso certo sepulturae
loco, licet quandoque stctit Capella, m'ulo non est habitaculum, srd modicus aceruus
pelrarum. Notandum, quod \terquc horum montiiim potc^^t vi'cari mons Sinay, eo qudd
toius circumiaccns locus de>erii Sin a|>pcllatiir. Surdcscrttun inter mare Rubrum, & soli-
tudincm Sinav. Dcsertum Sur idem Siriptura quod & Cades. Vinilatis igitur^ pcrcgrinis
his sacrosanctis memorijs, tSc valcfacto Monachi-i, rccommendant sc roriim orationibus, Sc
meriiis: tiincque sole( aliquid victiialium ofli-rri pcrcffrinis, pro inchoanda via deserti Syria;
versus; Icnisalcni. Et siciit dixi dc priori descrlo, sic iicc i.-lud sccur^ est peragranduni
absque Drngeiiiijs, id est, .semilarum ductoribus, propter vastitudinem dcserii.

C A !• V T. la.

Itcr;\ dcerto Siiiay vsque ad ludirani.

PEr istud latum & longum dcsertum, moratur vcl poiius vagata maxima multitudo roalo-
rum, & incompositorum homiiium, qui non manent in domibus, >cd sub pellium tabcrna-
culis, quemadmodum & olim lilij Israel in eodcm dc»erto anibulaucrunt, quoniam aquae non
manent ibi diu in locis ccrli>; & idco mutant talxruacula scquei.tis aquas: non colunt ter-
ras, raro maiidutant panem, scd lantiim carnes be^tianim dc-erti (|uas venantur, C' queiitcs
super pctr.is cjicfactas ad Solcm : I'drtcs sunt iV fence-, iV vclui dcsperati de vita propria
non curantes. qui licfct non habc.int anna pr.Ttiriaiico.ini, & tarchiam, & caput grandi albo
iinteolo inuoliitum, lamcn ncn \crentur c.xorccrc guirras, A: inire proelia cunfra Dominum
suum Soldanum : nam & cg(i>iipciuliarius in expcditionc Sddnni centra eos sapius fui. Isti
sunt quidem Arabes, scd noiinri nomine appclLintur Hcilovns & Acopnrs, & qunmuis plu-
rima mala agiint per dcsertum, rar«) tamen nocent |/crc^riiiis bcntae Virginis Catharina;. Ita-
que peregrinus qui debitum tenuit iter, \eniat a (inil)us de-crti in prim.im ciuitatem ludcae,

foinnti M»niif- quac dicitur Pcrseba : est vicus i:randis Ilvbron imle niiliario vergens ad Austrum: Hieninv'
mus. Notandum, Thcros Mons Dei in rcgii ne Majjlaw iuxta Mcntem. Notandum similiter,
Arabiam in desertn e-se, cui iungitur Mons, & dcsertum Sarraccnonun, qi.od vocatur Phaaran.
Mihi autem videtur, quod diiplici nomine, tunic .Mons Sinay, nunc Oreb vocatur. Ilicrony-
mu.s. Phaaran nunc oppidum trans Oreb, iam iunctum Sarraccnis, (jui in s litudine vagi per-
errant. Hos interfccerunt (ilij Israel, cum de Monte Sinay castra moui.ssent. Est ergo, \t
dixi, trans lordancm contra Au-tralcm i)laj;ani, <.^ distat al) IlcKn, contra Orientem, itinerc
dierum trium. In dcscrto autem Phaaran, Scriptura ccmmemoiat liahita«se IsTiaelem, vndc
& Ismaelitai?, qui nunc Snrraccni, I.e^imus quoque ('liodcrl.ionicr pcrcussissc eos qui rrant
in de.serto Phaaran quod ninic dicitur Ascalon, i*C' circa earn Hegio I'.Jcstiiorum. Hierony-
mus. Max Bershcba erat bona iSc spectabilis, vliinio tempore Christianorum, & adhuc ibi
restant nonnulla; Erclesie.

Ilinc ad Leucas duas venitur in ciuitatem Hebron, it Hebron ab Helvn distat ad Meridia-

CiuiibHtbron. Ham plugam millibus circitcr Ji). dequa le>;itur, quud primis temporibusfuerit iiabilatio riMxi-
inoruni Giganlium, Uegumque, postca Dauidis. In hac est ilia -pcliinca duplex, <iu(r seruat
ossa sanctorum Patriarcharum, Abrahic, Isaac, iV lacob. Sane, iV Reb<< ca', consistiti|ue ad radi-
cem montis, & habciur super istam cum propngnaculis ad inudum cantri constructa pulchrii

Eci Icsio,

uil militant con-
tra .Arabrl.
Bfrriheba.

bi.>J
i.ii
de
tai

I. Mandenil

A cuius latere
]uidain putare

verd montis
>< cius rormaiu
q; ibi ostendi-
1, & sub rupe
restat via pro-
cr vallein ape-
10. Martyrum

altior Monte
us sanctissimae
erto aepulturx
idicus aceruus
inay, eo qudd
ibrum, & soli-
ur^ pcregrinis
orationibus, Sc
a deserti Syria?
t peragranduni

nultitudo malo-
Uium tabcrna-
niain aqux noii
non cdlunt tcr-
mir, c queiites
le vita prdpria
iput <;raiidi albo
(intra Domiiuiin
sa pius fui. Isfi
& <|iiamui>i plu-
7atharinx'. Ita-
■iiiitatcm ludrae,
•triim: Uifnm\-
andum -imiiiicr,
vocaturPliaaran.
atiir. Hicrony-
tudine vagi per-
il. Eft CTf!,i\ \t

rientem. ilincrc
Isnaelcm, vnde
<»c COS qui rrant
)ruin. Hieroiiy-
ini, & adhuc ibi

listat ad Meridia-
it habiialioniaxi-
pl( \, <!»«• seruat
i>istili|iie a<l radi-
iin>trutta piilchra
Kcclcsia.

S. I. Mandenil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

'"At.,

'.V>

:\r]>f..

Ecclesia. Sarraceni appellant istam speliincam Kariackaba, ciistodientes locum diligenter ac re-
ucrcntcr propter honnrein rairiarchanim, &. non pcrmitlentes quenquam Chrixtianorum aut
luilre >ruin inijredi, nisi o-tendcrit super hxr sperialcm ^ratiatn ;\ S Idano. Nam ip^i fom-
muniter npiitant fam Christianos quam lud.cos pro caiiibus, & quando despectii.i: tos volunt
appcllarc, dicunt Kvlp, id est, cani<.

Ab Hi-bniii incipit valli^ Nfainbr.e, qii.x pntcidit'.ir fere vsq; leru^alem : hand rciimtii ad vaim Mami>r.<-
Hebion est mons .Mambrc, & in ip-o inonte arixir (]iierciis arid,x>, qua: pro aniiquiiate sui, <i;""«"'J.'-
speciale sibi nomen meruit in inundo vniuorso, vt vocctm- arbor sicca: Sarraccni autcin cam
dicunt Dirp: iia;c creditiir stetisse ante tMijJora Al)ri!i.-c, tamen quidam volunt putare a
muiitli initio, virens donee passionis Christi tempore siccaretiir. Hoc autem ccrtum est, iia-
bcri earn ob o:iinibus nalionibiis in vencralione.

In quodani loco pr.'efatne vallis est planicics, vbi per pUires fossas ertodiunt homines Gam- """jj;!,',',''""'
bil, quod cointditurloro specicruin aromaticarum, i>c jjcr villas defertur venalc. Sed & hoc "
aiidiui, qiuVl nidia il)i fossa ita valet cxhauriri, si dimittalur per annum, quin inucniatur de
pra;dicla (Jambil impleta.

yVd duas leiicas dc Hebron, nionslratur sepultiira Loth lilii fralris Abrah'i. Ite de ciuitale
HcljrC) per quinquc Icucas amocni itincris, hoc est, in media die, venitur in Bethleem Iudc;e.
Notandu, Arbc, id est, quatuor, primum dicam de eo quod ibi tres Patriarchse Alirahani, '^'"■'•'"
Isac, & lacob sc|)ulti sunt, & Adam nia^nus, vt in Iiidajorum libro scriptum est, licet cum
quidam conditum in loco Cal.iarinc suspicentur. Corrupt^ in nostris coditibus Arboth scri-
bitur, alibi eratarljor cinn in Hebra;is lejratiir Arbe, hxc est autem eadeni Hebron olim Me-
tropolis Philistinorum, ab vnofilioriim Caleb sortita vocabulum.

Capvt. Hi.
De ciuitate Bethleem, & semita vsquc in Icrusalem.

BKthleein Ciuitas l'inj;a sed pariia, (irmata est vndique fossatis fortibus : cuius inodo ha-
bitatores qua-i omncs «unt C!:ristiani. In ilia ad oricnicn honesta, & placida habetur Ec-
clcsia: (lU'-icioan alicpiam eiu^dcm quantitatis viderim placentiorem,) extrinscciis habcns
turres sallauiras, pinn.icula, & jiropunnacida nobili artificio fabricata, & intrinsecus 44. dc
marmorc dcKiro < olumnas. Ad j)rincip:dis aulem lurri- dextram in descensu 16. graduum,
est diuiTsori) Iocin, vbi ex intacia iSc bcncdicta Virjjinc iia-ccbatur Christus homo Deus. Hie
locus est multiiin artiliiiose opcratu-. mannore, I'v <;cncrosi; dcpictiis auro & ar<(ento, va-
riocpuT colore, ciii prope ad tre-i pa^sus est pra'-^epe in quo reclinabatur natus Dominus,
ibi(|ue videtur piiteus quidam, in quo aliqui putare volunt cecidisse stcllam ductricem trium
Ma^.Tum, post cius peiaclnm oflicium.

l>t etiam ante pra'-cpe Domini, tumb i hcali Intcrpretis Ilieronymi, & extra Ecclesiam
moslratur cathedra, in cpia residere sokhat. Sub cjausura huius ecclcsi.-r ad dextram, per
IS. ^radiis ap)).iret I'ossi, <pi;i; dicilur ossium innoccnliuni cau>a Christi ab Ihrode imjiio oc-
cisorum. Hnic a, I quingcntos, vel cilra pedes luibeiur alia Ecclesia nomine Sancii Nicholai,
in quo scilicet hno, po>t recessnm .Maiionim be .ta Virjjo tempus sui puerperi) obserunuit.
Ihiiiue monstrantur rubra sax.i albis re^-persa maculis, (pu>d simpliciores narrant saxis cue- .,, ,
nisse de abundantia laitis \ir<;inisab vlju-ilnis cici ii. In via Bethleem ab Hclya milianocon- utemvuiji.
tra meridiaiiain plauam iiivla viani ipia- ducit IU)nin, CiMi-.tiani dc Bethleem culunt circa ci-
iiitalcm iniiliam copi.un vinearu.n, ;ul potuin siii ipMinim. Nam .Sariaceiii non colunt vineas, .sirraccni non
iicc vina vendunl iiique in manifesto bilnint, vit (juod hber legis Mahomet, facit super hoc ^^""ftl'""" '"
proliibilioncm, & iiitcrjiretaiur nialtdiciioiiem.

De Bethleem in Aiistrnm dnabus l( m is habcinr cl.uislrum Sancta; Charitatis, ibidem suo swcuChatiui.
tempore Abhaiiss.T. .A Belhlccm fendendo Icrusalem inuenitur a.' dimidiam leucam Ecclesia,
incn'iis li (() .VngeliH ilixit pa-itoribiis, Aninincio sobis gaudiiim magnum, tpiod natus est no-
bis .S.iiualnr qui est t'hiisius Dominus. Est ^: lumba liachel Patriarchs, \bi etiam coaccruata
iaceni I'-i. sa\a magna, qua.' quidam autumant illic tumulasse lacob, ei\ qutVl Beniamin duo-
decimus »ibi lilius nasicliafiir ibidem. Sicque \enitiirin Sanctam Ciiiitatem Icrusalem. No-
tandum, Hethd vicu- est 12. ah Helya ad dexlram eunlibus Neapolj, qu.T primum Luza vcv
rahattir Sed ex lo t, inporc quo ibat ad leroboam liliuin Nebat, vituli aurei fabricati sunt,

vol.. II. N &

«imptici'

'ill]

f
■k

•111

* M

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

S. 1. Mandeuil.

Bciktl,

i' i

Templum Se-
pulchri.

Melfch Min-
dybton Soldi-

Mandpiiillut de
hoc dubltal.

Pumhl (lodr-

r'tidi dc Dulii^n<

Pial. 74. 1!.

& ii cleccm tribiibus adorata, vocatn ext Bethaiien, id est, Domufn Idoli, qiiiT anti vocabatur
DomuH Dei. Icronymiis. Sed & Ecclesia aedificata est vbi dormiuit lacub, pergens Meso-
potamiam, vbi & ipsi loco Bethel, id est, dnmus Dei nomen imposuit.

Capvt. 14.

De Ecclesia gloriosi Sepiiichri Domini in vrbe lenisalem.

lEnisalem cum tota terra promJHsionis, est qiia^i vna de quiiu|ue j)rouincijs vcl piuribus,
quibus Regnum Syrite distinguitiir. Iiingittir autcm lud.ca ad Oricntcin Kckho Arabiae, ad
meridiem Aegypto, ad Occidentem marl magno, & ad Aqiiiloiiem Regno Syria;. ludeae terra
per diuersa tempora i\ diiier>is possessa fail nationibus, Canana-orum, Iiid;corum, Assyriorum,
Persanim, Medonun, Macedoniim, Graec( rum, Romanorum, Christianorum, Sarracenorum,
Barbarornm, Turconint, & Tarfartinim. Cuius rci causa nierii6 potest aestimari, quod non
sustinuit Deus magnos peccatores longo tempore permanere in terra sibi tam piacit.i, & tain
sanrta.

Iiaque peregrinus veniens in lerusniem prim6 c-xpleat siiain peregrinationem, ad reueren-
dum & sacrosanctum Domini nostri Icsu Christi sopulchrum : cuius Ecclesia est in vllima ci-
nitatis extremitate, ad partem aquilonarein, ciun prnprio sui ambitus niuro l|>si ciuiiali ad-
iuncto. Ipsa ver6 Ecclesia est pulchra & rotundan forma; coopertadesiipcr cum tegulis plum-
beis, habens in Occidcnte turrim altam & firniain, in paiiimcnii Ecclcsiac medio ad figuram
dimjdij compassi habetur nobili opere Latonico aediticalum pariiiim Tabcrnaciilum quasi 15.
pedum tam longitudinis qui\m latiludinis, & alliludinis miro arlKicio intiis extr.ique compo-
sitinn, ac mulluin diligcntcr diucrsis coloril)us ornatum. Hoc itaque in i'abernaculo seu Ca-
pella, adlatusdexinim, contineiur incomparabilis thesaurus gloriosissimi scpulcliri, habenlis
iicto pedes longitudinis, & tpiinque latitudinis. Et quoniam in toio habitaculo nulla est
apertura practcr paruiun ostiiun, illiistratur accedenlibus prrcgrinis pluribus lanipadibus,
(quaruin ad minus vna coram sepulchro iugitcr arderc sold) ingrcsstis.

Sciendum, qu6d ante breiie tempus solcbal scpulchnun es>c ingrcssis peregrinis accessi-
bile, ad tangenduin & osculandum, sed quia multi vcl edringebant, vcl conabantur sibi ef-
fringcre aliqnid de peira -cpulchri, iste Soldaniis Melecli Mandyhron fecit illud conr,d)ricari,
vt nee O'iciilari valcat, nee adiri, sed lantummodo inlucri. Et ob illain caiisam in sinistro pa-
ricte in altitudine quinque pedum immiir.iri eflracturam pefras sepiiichri ad qunntitatcm capitis
hiimani, quod tan(|uani pro >^cpiilchro ibi ab omnibus vencratur, langifiir, Ar osdilatiir.

Dicitiir ibi quoque coiumuiiitcr praefatam lampadem coram sepulchro singulis annis in die
Sancia* Paraschcucs, hora noiia exlingiii, & in media node I'asclirr sine hiimano studio re-
accciuii. Qu"(l (si iia est) cuidens diuiiii benclicii miraciiliim est. Et cpiamuis id pliirimi
Chrisfiani simplijL'itcr in magno pietatis merito crc<lanf, plerisquc lainen est in suspicione.
Font'' talia Sarraccni ( ustudes sc[)ulchri fingcnics diiiulgaiicnint, pro augeiulo emoUimenia
tnbuti, quod inde rcsuliarcl, seu oblaiionum qua* daiitur.

Singulis autcm annis in die cocna;' Domini in Parascheuc ' in vigilia P.ischr, tribus his
diebus manct Tabcrnaciilum hoc aj)eituni continue, & patd omnibus Christiaiiis gcmibusac-
ccssiis, alias vcro non |)cr annum sine rcddifione tribuii. Intra Erclcsiam, propi^ parietem
dcxtruio. est ("aluarijE Incus, \bi crucifixus pependit Christus D< niiniis. Per gradiis ascen-
ditiir ill hunc Icjcuin, & est rupis veiut aibi coloris, cum aliqua rubcdiiie per lo' a commixia,
habens scissuram, quain die unt (Jolgotha, in qua maior pars prcciosi sanguinis Christi dici-
tiir inflii\is>e : \bi \ habdiir allarc coiisinictuin, ante quod coii>istiinl luniba- Godefridi de
Huilion, & alioruni Hcguin Chri-iianoriim, <p'i cir(a annum iniarnationis Dumiiii, 1 100.
dclclluierunt «.V oblinuer.int sanctam vrbcm dim liita p.iiria ex maniliis Sarracenorum, Si
piT \\ >v conqiii-iirunt sii)i maijnum nnmcn, vsqiie in li"cni sum uli diiraturum. Prop^ ipsius
crui ilixiouis locum contindiir Uteris (ira'( is ho( s. riptum : >ei9( Bitciuli'rj.^>m^aiMinufyittna rtmfMi
i. f<i:r» li, yr;. h(H c-i diciTc, Dcus \\c\ iicsti T aiitc sccu la (I ifa'u- e-i -aluiem in medio terra".

h<H

Item dirii ic in
in saxo rupis :

1(>((-, \!;i (Tuxsanda stelit cum Chrisio ri pi iiilixa, hab(iurhoc exarafum
' >(a< iri S^ati Tii< ir>ri»< T-i niofUM, hoc cst, qiioil \ Iclcs fuiidameutum est lidei mi ndi.

Uaud

'v%

S'. /. Mandeuil.

e ami vncabatur
. pergena Me«o-

'ijs vol pluribus,
Kill) Arubise, ad
ri;«;, ludeae terra
um, Assyriorum,
Sarracenorum,
ininri, quod non
1 plarita, St tain

cm, ad rcucren-
est in vltima ci-
ipsi riuitali ad-
im tcgiiliR plum-
nedio ad (igiirain
iciiliim quasi 15.
rxtraque coinpo-
ern.iculo sen Ca-
piilrhri, haiienlii)
jitaciilo nulla est
bus hinipadibus,

cri'grinis arcesHJ-
naliantur sibi ef-
llud conr.iljrirari,
im in sitiisiro pa-
unntitntcm capitis
&' osdilatur.
jjulis aiinis in die
umano studio rf-
iiamuis id piiirimi
["St in sus|>:«ione.
ndi) rmoiunicnta

'asrhrr, trihus his
iaiiis ■loiilibus ac-
, jiropi^ parictcm
Pit gradus asccn-
■r l(v a commixta,
iiir.is Christi dici-
il'.T Godcfridi dc
s Dumiiii, IKK).
virracenoruni, »^
m. Prop^ ipsiiiK

II in ini'dio tcrrac.

ur hoc cxaratum

n c^l fidci mi. ndi.

Haud

S. 1. Mandeuil

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Haud remold ab hoc Caluariae mntite, habctur & aliud altare, vbi iaret rolumna flagellafi-
oni-i Domini, cui slant de propinquo & aliae rolumnae qnatuor de Marmore aquam iugiterre-
Kudaiifes, & (secundi'im opinionem simplicium) passionem innocentem Ci.ri>ii deflente-. E^t
sub i-lo altnri < rvpta, 42. graduuni profunda, vbi sancta Helena Hegina reperit tre.i cruces,
videlicet Cnristi, A: latronum cum eo trucifixorQ, ac ctiam clauos crucis Domini in crypfsc
pariete.

Ill medio a\item chori huius Ecclc^ia?, est locus pauimenti stratus m\rh & pulchre, ad in-
tciira cf»pa'i?.i figuram, vbi depo."iiQ corpus Christi de cruce Joseph ab Aramaihia cum suis ad-
iutiribus lauit & codiuit aromatibus. Itc infra Ecdesiam :\ septentrionali parte ostenditur
locus vbiChristus Magdalensc apjiaruit post suam resurrectione, quandocum credidit hor-

tuiaiium.

A dexiro autcin latere ad ingre.ssum Ecclesias, habentur gradus 18. sub quibus est Capella
Indcruin, vbi soli j)eregrini dc India per sacerdotes suos cant.mt iuxta ritum suum Missas, ce-
lebrantquc diuina. Missam faciunt quidem brcuissimam, conlicientes in principio verbis
debitis sacramentum corporis & sanguinis Christi de pane & vino, ac postea paucis orationi-
bus additis, totuin oratione Dominica coiicludunt oflicium. Hoc autem vcrum est, quod cum
maxima altentionc, reiicrentia, humilitale, & deuotione .se genint, & continent diuinis.

Porru illud, quod quidam peruiilgauerunt, aut opinnti sunt, ludaeam aut Jerusalem, vel
Ecdesiam istam consisierc in medio totius mundi, propter praedictam scripturam, (in medio
terra.')hoc intelligi non potest localiterad mensuram corporis terrae: Nainsiadterraelatitudinem,
quani n'slimant inter duos polos, respiciamus, certum est liida;am non es.se in medio, quod tunc
essetsubcirciilo Aequatoris, & e.sset ibi semper ajquinoctium, & vtrumq; polornm starct iis
in horizotc. Quwl viiq; nO est ita, quod existelibiis in Judaea eleuaturmulti)m polus arclicus.

Kursiis si ad terrae longitudinem spcctemus quae aestimari potest a Paradiso lerrestri, sci-
licet i\ digniori & latiori terra; loco, versus eius Nadir, scilicet versus locum sibi in Sphasra
terra" oppositum, tunc Judaea e^set ad Antipodes paradisi, quod apparct ita non esse, quod
tunc cs«ci vi.itori de luda'a ad l'aradi.sum teiidentis a'qiia itineris mensura, sine tenderct ver-
sus Oiicntcin, sine versus Occidenlcm. Sed hoc luui est vcrisimile iicc verum, sicut proba-
tum constat per experientiain muitorum. Mihi autom vidctur, quod pracfala l^rophetas scrip-
tura, potest exponi, in medio terra-, id est, circa mediiiin nostri habitabilis, videlicet vt Judaea
sit circa medium inter I'aradisum & Antipodes J'aradisi, distans tantum ab ipso Paradiso in
orientc \)(t. gradibiis, print ego ij)se per viain orientalcm tentaiii : quaiiquam de hoc non vi-
dctur de f.icili plena certitndo haberi ; eo qu6tl in longitudine cocli nulla: stell.T maiient im-
niobiles, sieut in latitiidine nianent poli semper li\i. Vel potest ita exponi, qi!6d Dauid qui
rrat Kc.x liidciF, dixit in medio terrae, hoc est, in principali ciuilate terrae ■.uae Jerusalem,
qux eratciiiitas regalis, sine sacerdotalis terra; IiidetB: vel Cortti spiritus sanctus, qui loqueba-
tur per os proplietn; in hoc verbo vult intelligi non corporeum aut locale, sed totum spiritu-
ale, de quo intuitu nihil ad pru.'scns est scribenduin.

Capvt. 15.

De tribus jlijs Ei clcsijs, & spetialitcr de teniplo Domini.

VLlrii duo stadia ab Ikdcsia ad .Meridiem san( li scpiih hri habetiir magna hospitale sancii
Joannis Ilierosolyniitani, qui caput Si fundamcntum e.ssc digno.scitiir ordinis hospitalioruni
niodo tenuiitiiim Jdiodum nisulam : in (juo rccipi pos<.iint omnes Christiani pcregrini cuiiis-
i unqiie sint condilionis, scu status, vel dignitatis. Nam Sarraceni pro leiii cura anxij ru-
innrls, prohibent tie apud iiuenquain suorum Chrisiiamis pernoctet. Ad sustentationcm
aedilicij hiiiiis hospitalis, habentur in eo 121-. columna- inarmorea'.Sc in parietibus distincti 54.
pilarij. Saiis prop6 huiic locum in orientcm, est Ecclesia qiiin diciiur, de Domina nostra
magna: & ind^ non remold alii, qua; dicitur nostric Dominic latinoru, aedilicata super locum,
vbi Maria .Maj;dnlene, & Maria Cleophae cum alijs pluribus, dum Christus cruci artigebatur,
debant & dolores lamcnlabiles cxercebant.

Jtem ab Iv clesia .S.mcti Sepulchri in oricntem ad stadium cum dimidio habctur milificiuin
inirabile, ac pulchrum valdt'", quod templum Domini nominatur, quod constructum est in

N y forma

lt«rum tanat ig-
nurantiani vulgi.
Rcgina Helena
Ansla.

Indorum CapclU

sine suliditonim
irKsbiieri loan-
nis.

An lerusnlem sit
in medio mundi.

I''

Mi^J

!■ i '^

W l''

!'■ !

trddit.r NUii*
dtuiUo.

llJsdlCti.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandeuil.

Rrgini ilf'.ftij.

Angla.

Prol>a':i pii-
fiDl.

Mom Sion.

rnrmn rotunda, ciiius circiimrercntia; diameter habrt (ti riibitos, & altitiido eius 126, & in-
trinsi'ciis pro sustcntationc icdilicij, iiuiiti pilnrij. In medio autem templi est locus allior 14'.
gradilius, t|ui & ip->e eoluinnis viult'q; est stipatii<i: & secundum tpiatuor mundi plagas habet
tcMipliiin quatuor iiitrnitus per portas Cyprcssinas artitiiio-c composita-i, iiobilil^rq; sculplaH,
& excisas. Et ante portnm aquilonarein intra tcmpliiin rmitem uquee nnindic, ipii quainuis
olim exundabat, lamen nunc miniiiu> (luit. In toio cirinitu anlilicij cxtrinsecus est valdfc pro
atrio latum spacium luci, str.itum per totutn pauimentuin mannnribus. Hoc tcinpium non
diu'ilur stare m eodcni loco vbi tcnipluin Dei stetii in tempore Chri^ti, (pio po.st resurrectio-
nem a Roinanis dcstrucio, isiud lonf;o post tempore Adrianus Impeiator extriixit, sed non ad
rormam temjili prioris: pni'dictuni tamen cxcelMum in medio Icnipli locum vocaiit ludiei
sanctum -anctorum.

Sciatis it;iq; qu(")d Sarraceni mannam exhilieiit huic tempio rciieientiam, & honorcm, sas-
pius iilud discalceafi intrantes, & positis };enil)us dcuot^ Deum omnipotcniem exoranles, null.i
enini ibidem Iiabeiur imano, sed mullie iampades rciuientes. Nemineni Chri>tiaiu)riun seu
luda'oium ii);;r< di sniunt hoc leniplu:M, reimtantes cos indif^nis ad lioc, & niniiun) immun-
dos, vnde nisi virtutc jitiraru <|uas liabui a Soldano, nee e^o fuis-em inuressus. Iii;;redicns
autem cinn meis sodaliiiusjloposuin usca'ciamcnia, recogiiantes cum nuiita cordis deuolione,
nos majfis id facere debere, <|niun incredulos Sarracenos.

lit \<re merii(>e>i i»te locus in niai^na rruetciitia liabcruliis: <lum enim Rex Salomon pri-
miiin in illo tempio per Dei iussionein, iV Dauidis palrissui conimissionem .x'dilicasset, i xorauit
pra"-ente cuncto p^-piilo Urael, vt tiuicunqiic iliic Denni pro insta causa ro<;art't audirctur; 4i
Ooniinu- m.nstrauit exauditionis signuin |)er iiebiilam dc ccrlo einissam, proiit narral histuria
Nerilatis.'J Kej»inn iibro.

I'ono in eo loco vl)i -taiiicrat idem Kex ante templum allare bolocausti, \idelicel extra por-
lam tcinpli oi cidenialcn, haix-liir \ nunc altare, sed non ad instar, nee ad vsiun priini: Nam
Saraccni, i\w\-'i nihil curanies, traxerunt in eo lineas tantjiiam in astrolabio fij;enles in lincarum
centro balellum, ail cuius \mlirain per liiiea* disiernuntur dici hora'.

Etiain in hac alrij pane apparent adhiic \e>liuia porlie spec io-,T, vbi I'elrus ApostoUw, cum
Euanin li>ia I ajiiie dixit contractu, In nomine Christi Ic^u Na/.areni surj^e, & statim conso-
li(iai>anlMr illi jilania'.

('Arvr. I('».

I)e phirilius lijcissacris iuxta vrbem.

X'laturo m\ dextram sali- de |ir pinquo habetiir iV alia l^cclesia, qua? nunc appellatur
schola Sajomnnis: rinNus<|; ail Meridiem e-t I't aliud templinn -iiie Kcciesia, cpi.T voeatur
Temphnn Sijomoni^, quod ohm fcit caput, iSc rundanieniuin totius < rdinis Teinplarionun.

A daustro huiu- topli exirin-eciw in .\(|uilonen) liabciur decora Ecclesia beaia* Anna", in
cuius loco (icdilor viryo Maria in cin^ilem nialris sii.e \teni I'uisse j;enila, iV concepla, pa-
renliiq; iilius, •.ciliicl, loachim I'x Ann.-e, lutnba -axca nu)slralur in descensu Eci le^ia-, |)er
'i'i. uradus, \l)i ^; adiuu' pitri- cIun o»-a pitaiitur quicscerc, sul)lato inde per re;;inam He-
li lain corporc »ancl,T Anna', iS: recondilo (\t pra'dicluni est 1 in luclesia Conslantinopoli
« 1 ■(tie Sophi.T.

l-.-t \' intr.i banc lailc^iain |:roliatica pisiina, \bi quondam |)ost motionem An>:eli, otnnes
ac( cdcntes primi, a quo( litu]; lanuiiore sanabantur inlirmi, (|u:e tamen nunc tempori', ita neg-
lei la iacct, & ileforinala, M \iditur iinniunila < i^trina. llahctur i*t ante E( ilesiam arbor
linndi-,, iSc anii(|ua, de (|ua iu)nntilli labulanlur, (paid ad bcat;e Maria* natiuitalein principimn
ac(t|)il, «.\: orlum.

MiinsSion t-t cxrcKior locus in \rl)e ad cuius radicem, est caslrii sjjectabile constriictuni
per ali(|iieiu SoManortnn. In nKJitlis aiileni (aciunine xidenliir nuiita" sc|)ullura! rej;inn lu-
dea', \ide!i(\ I Daiiid, Salonionis, .!x quonind.im de suc( essorilius suis. Ad inlroilnm moiitis
halu'lur capcll.i, \: in ilia lapis monnou mi <|ueni loscph dc Arimathca oliuoluit ail ostiu sc-
puldiri est \alde niannus, iSc est ibidem aliqua pars (dhimna' (laj;<'llalionis, ac pars inensae
sui)cr (|uain l)(>minus vltimo ca-nauit rum Apostidis, iS: insttituit noui Testamcnti sacramen-

■1

/. Mandtuil,

i 126, & in-
iH allior 1 4.
|)ki<;as liabet

^rq; !<(ttilpta)),
qui quanuii!*
fsf valdfc pro
nipliim non

.t resurrectio-

t, ticd noli ad
vocaiit Iiidtei

hiiiioreni, ste-
oraiitrs, luiH.t
>ti:iiioriiin sen
iiiiiin immun-
Iiij;ro(licns
\\s (Iciuiiioiie,

Salomon pii-
asicl, I xorauit
audintur; Si
narral hi>turia

lel extra por-
n priini: Nam
tcs in iincarum

Vpii>.toliis, cum
htatiin t'oiiso-

unc a|>pellatiu'
1, qu;r Micatur
■m|)Iari()ruin.
icata- Anna', in
('(iiicc-pta, pa-
I'.ci Iivi.x', per
•r rf;;in:im Ho-
L'i)n>tantinopoli

1 An<;cll, <jinnrs
'iiipiiri-i ila iu'<;-
Acli'siam arbor
teiii priiu'ipiuin

ilo con-.trutluni
lur.T return !ii-
iilroiiiMii moiitis
lull ail o-.liu sc-
ar pars infn><T
u'liti sarranifii-
tii

S. I. Mandeuil.

XnAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

IQ sui venerandi corporis, & sanguinis. Sub hac capclla ad aliquos }»radu!» monstratur locu»
eiuHdein caciiationis, videlicet cxnatuli magni, & in co vas aquaru, in quo Christiis lauabat
pedes Apostiiloriim : iuxta quod vas, ii Gamalicle, & alijs viris timoralis primus sepuluis fuit
protomartyr Stephaiius.

In eo quoq; loco intrauit post resurrcrlionc suam Dominus ianuis clausis ad discipulos di-
ccns pax vobis, & a^ens alia, qua; plenius Euagelica pandit Ilistoria, ac tande in die Pen-
tccostes ijsdeni spiritu sanctu, in Unguis igneis misit ibidem. Ab lioc mote Sion versus ci-
uitatrm hal)etur Kcclcsia de.licata sancto saluatori, in quo nunc dicuniur seruari ossa S. Ste-
phani supradi( fi, N: sinjsirii brachiuin S. loannis Chrisostoini, cuius corpu-" vt '.'ittu est re-
quiescii Constaiitiniipoli.

Item ab hoc iiionie vcr-ius AiHtruin ab oppasito platca;, est pulclira Ecclesia nostrae Do-
miriu', in cuius loco diu morabatiir post ascensionein liiij sui, quainuis pro parte ciusdem
temporis in valle losaphat manseril : nam in ista dofungebatur, & in illo ab Apostolis hoiio-
rilled sepulta fuit. Iiemquc ab hoc montc in vico cuiidi versus vallem loNapliut inuenitur
Tons aqnte dictiis Xat.itoria Siloe, vbi cii'cus natus a Christo misssus lauubat oculos, & rcgrcssus NiiatonaSiioi..
est vidcns. Et dicunt quidam ibiiloin sepultum Naiam Prophetam.

Porro mons olim ilictus Moria de <|uo Iccpiiiiir Scriplura sacra est rupishaud Iong»i a supra-
dicto icmplo Domini in ip^ius mcridie. in cuius rupis loco exeelso veliit cmiuenti sed edito
Donrnuis iio<lcr lesus Christiis t'rci|uenlt'r iiistrucbat ^ucis discipulos, & populos, inagnaipie
niiiMCnIa exhibcbat, ai<|uc ileprclicn-ie mulicri in adiillcrio omnia |)e(cala dimiitebat. lohan. 8.

All opposito autem pricdicti (onlis natitorij iiabclur imago lapidea, rudi & vttu>to opcre
siiilpta, dcforiniK-rcpic di Irita, cpiu' manus Ab-^aion nuncupalui', cuius ratio lib. 2. Kegum
moii-trattir. Vbi de prnjjti \idi Arborcm S^milnicum, ad quam vel citra cuius locum (vt di-
citiir) ludas traditor per sc >u-pi n-us cre|)uit mctlius, & dilliisi sunt sisccra eius.

I'ru'lcrca a nionte Sinn \crsU' .Mcriilicm vltra xallcm ad iaclum lapidiscsi locus Accldcma,
in quo emptus agcr .30. ilcnarijs |)riHlitio lis ol, Mt in (pui sunt plurcs sC])ulturni peregriiio-
rnni. Si. vestigia celiularum, de quondam illic commoraiitibus Hercmitis.

Cai'vt. 17.
Dp sacri-i loci- extra iniiros Ciuitatis.

LXtra inuros ciiiilaiis Icnisalcm a<l pla^.un oricnialein, e>.t valli.s losaphat cotigna, ac si v.iiu loupim.
cssci lo-sit.i mrris ipsiiis ciiiil.itis. \- Iun Icsia \l>i s;i>'<tus Sicplianii- la|)iaabatur, iS; obdor-
miuit ill Dumino llinc non lon^t"" ot porta ciuilati^, (|uie dicitur aurca, (iiiic nunc semper
oblirmata «, ru .1 r. I'cr line inir:init ('hri«lus -cdcns asiiio, I'ii adiuic ostcnditur riipis >eruare
vrsiijiia anini.ilis in triiiii-. ant pinriiius sni Iccis. Sianm vlira v.illcm lo- phat aspii itiir mons
Olaicli, sic di( Ills a pliiribus, quia ibi siit oliuarimi AiIktcs. In planicic liiiius \al!is dec iir- Mom olimrum.
rit riiiulns d rtrs lorrcns ("cdnm, .se( us (piein iiabclur pnlibr.i, \ li.noi ilii at.i Kcclcsia sa- TurrcmCcdroo.
cri's,iiu iie sepulluiu' boalic, iSc gloriosa; m uris Chii^ii : dc-rrn<litur autcm in T.i clesiam per
gradiis A\ quud c\tii:i (Tiis ist vallis incu:la per lliiMim I" it i^-c t rrcnlis, scu per alios
cutiitiis piMpt^i A liqiiilatrm temporis. Ibupie iiioiislratiir vcpuli hnim eiiis \aciaim. Ila-
br iin- iuxta scpulchrum duo altaria, sub \no est Ions A(|ii!e (|uii' |)Utatur exire de vno Pa-
radi^i llnmiiie.

S.,i s |)r p^ ab liac I'.cclcsia ad rupem (letliseiiane haliciiir capelia, \\>\ seilieet ludicis fra-
ditiis luit Ciiristus a Iiida. In ipa (pioipie nipe osicndcb.iiur mihi ligura impre-sie manus ad
digitorum cxi( iisioncm, (piii: artiliciosiiis l.inn.ino studio scu |)i non posset, quam rderunt
Cliristu sua veneribili inanu ineliiiando ad niiiem ((1ici>sc dum luda-i imptnas manus ad ca-
piendnm iniec eruiit in cum. Ilic ad iactum lapidis in mcridie orauit ad suum paircin, &
pro vchemenii oralionis intenlione sangiiineum cMidauit sud' rem ; alc|ue ibi non rcmotf; vi-

de'ur liimba lenis Iiii'cica Irsapliat, a quo iV \;il.issil;

\allcni C

111 isiiiiii \e:iluiu

m nd

I iiomeii assiimp»

.ii : .Sc

credinius in lianc

n«'ni-simum, \ generalissimiim iuilicium, v

>i (.

Iiilieic

pill fa te^larte) (li^e. ptabit de (iniii aclione moriaiiuni. .Ad tractiiiu sagiltic de liae tiiniba, s- i«al.mpul-

st 1

ccle-ia vol s:

itu tiis

modi) sacrataossa veneraiitur Compostellic in Gali^ia

I ')l)iis ma'or A|)osioliis |)rini6 post niarivriiim fuit sepu

itii

W
if/'

Vitra

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

S. I. Jlfandfiiil,

V ' i

B<thani>.

Inricoi

Chnitiani

|1C1.

Iicobttv.

Syrii.
»if.iri[iei.
CtirdrUnj.
Uu\,.

Nul)ii.
Nfitorini.

Vltra vallem in oupremo moiitis Oliiini aiiicciliMiipulis rprnrntiliiH, DuniiiuH iiosior Icsiin
Cliri-iiis rli'iinliH manibiii asrcndit in Kriiini, &: -iiprr ciindpin icciirn d jjin liabi'lur I'"rrle-.ia,
in qnn riiisctcm Asrensionc lale .serualur in rnpr pauimcnti ii'.dii'iri,({ii(id H.iiHiri pcdiN C'hriHii
vidcitir vliimuni vesli^ium,

Hiiu- sitis propi; hahctiir & capclla mrdio mnnli^, \\u rhri»tiisHr(lonn prn-diraiiii octo hr-
atiltulinCM, vbi & (rrditur dofuissc liisripiilns I'ratinnom Dnniinicain.sciliri't, I'atcr nosier, &c.
Ab 0(1 tp:6q; loro non diktat nuillum K«(Ir-:a btat.T Maiur .1'uy|)liar.T, in (pia \ ciuH (nmba
viilcUir: & hand pn nil inde est virus lU'lbpiia^r, vlii Chii-iiii!- niisii nnlcpasMo ,\h ^v.sv (em-
pus duos de disripuiis pni asina & piillo rius. In cliuci vcio Iniiiis iiioiis Oliiirti vrr-us riui-
latcni, innnstrattir lorus, dc quo \idcn.s Doniinus Irru^ali'Ui, Ihuit >iip( r illani, diccns, quod
si co};niiui«scs & tu, &c. Atq; vllra nuiiilcni in disccnsu ciiis in orienti'ni i'»t villa siur cas-
tcliiun Bcthania', disfans quasi ad Icutam al) vrbe vbi in demo ciilu.sdam Ssmnnij* inuilalu<«
C'hristus condonauit omtiia pcctata Mariac Ma^^dalrnsr. lie in ipso rasrello, qumi cral S(;rori«
Marthas, & Maria: rosruscitauit Iratrmi c.irum La/nnini quairiduaniiin mnriuuin.

Dp Rcthnnia in Icrico sunt 5. Icuiac, cpia? quond.ini fuir riiiiias spi cio^a si-d iani est vilh
modiia: ibi Dines Zarrha-us a»rendit in arburcm Syroinoruni, vt viilrret transc-initcm Donii-
num, & rr.tilucns fraudala quadruplum, obtinuil percatoruni remissionrm omnium.

Itrm (le Helliania ad flnmen lordanisost iter feri^ orio Icurariini, per mantes, ac vallesdc-
iiio-, t'v' de<rrt(^s. ^()^r(^ de Kclhania in orientcm ail 6. Irucns \eiiiinr in moniem inaf;niini, vbi
("liristus expleto ■}(). dieruni, ae noitium ieiunio irn'])taius est i\ diabo'o, tiidq; in ecdcni
Otor- liTii c|uand6q; Kr(le>.ia, sed modo habetur ibi qua>i (d-nnliiu qi oriidam Chrisiianorcm. (pii
G<orj;i(i Mcantnr. Sciendum cnim est, quod xhiq; intra tcrr.im Sararenorum, &• similiter
nnillorinn I'a^anoruTn inueniunfur Cliristiani dispersi, babit.iiiti s sub iributo, qui licj't siiit
bapti/.ati omnes, .S.: beatissimam Trinitatem croclcntes, diuersilicantnr lamen nominibiis, mo-
ribus, ritibus, lide, &• opinionibus: iiavt semper vel in niullis vel in aii(]uibus dissentiant ;\
Rnmaii.-p Kcclesiie consuetudinibus.

Aliqui n.iniqiieeoriidiruniur Chrisliani larobila; : bij errant cirra percaioriim remi'«si(Miein,
dicenics, non debere lonfiteri liomini Hed soli Deo. Alij •Syrij, I-ii in fermentain iianc
confiriunt Sacranientum niiaris ritu Gnecorum. Alij Geor^iii, hi omnes ferunt in eapiie ton-
surns ; cleriii rotundas, l,ii( i qiiadratas, se<|iient(s etiani in nniiti'. mores Gra^rorum. Alij
Cordelarij eo <|uod sc (■iii!iin\t dcsuper eorde .Mij liidi, Niibij, Ncsti rini, it Arriarii.

Pra'fatus aiitem mons m:ii;iius, vocattir hortiis Abraii.T, ex eo qui d Al>raham palriarc ha ibi
diciiur romnicrat'.is, & turrit prope moniem riuulus, in ruius ;i(|iia vel fonte Dens sal per
HelizeQ propheiani mitti iu»sii, vt sanaretur sicrililas, id est, ainariitido aqua*. Nee distal
hie mons a Icriro vltra iirandem leucann.

Capvt. is.
Dc iKitabilibu.s alijs locis, & mari niorluo.

HVrsum de riuitatc •ianclae Icnjsalcm versus Occidenfem iiinere Icueae. habeiur (Milehra sa-
tis Eri'lesia, in loco vlii dicitur crcuissc arbor cruris salutilera-. Arbor exrelsa, digno >ti-
pile s.iira Chri>ti mebra taiifjere. Tenetur i-tud <piide pro ccrta veriiate : nam & hoc satis
trst:itur constructio tatK, & talis Eiclesia*, qiiauis miilta aliena, & inrerta siripta de eruiis
arb()rc feratiir per orbe. Hinc ad diias leucas est & alia Ecelesia, vbi obniauerut sibi Maria
\'ir»rri, fi Eli'/abetli citis eognata, & ad salulationcm Mariic Chri>ii haiula* exultauit lohannrs
in vfero Elisabeth <;raiiida?.

De isto quoquc ad letieam est Einaus (usiellum, distans in spatio stadiorii 60. ab lerusa-

IcMii, vbi di-cipuli in ca-na ibc resurrcctionis Domini eojinouerant eum in fnclione panis.

P( rro ab Icrusalem ad aliuni exitum, ad duo stadia videttir spelunca ^irnndis de qua dicitur

Cojdrui impf- qu6<l tem])ore Cosdri Imperatoris Persarum, fiiirunt circa Icru-salpm 12. miilc mariyrum or-

'""■ cisi, (juorum omnium corpora leo habitans in "ipelinua conj^rej^auit ibidem vnluntate diuina,

tantpiam pro singulorum sepultura obsequiosa.

Item ab vrbe ad leucas duas habeiur in monlc tuinba sepuIturK sancti SamueliM prophcfa,

qui

Ikta.

Emiut Cl&tcl-

/. JMandi'uil.

iKwicr Icsii»
)iliir !'"c(Ie-.ia,
I pt'ili!* ChriHii

riiiit ocio br-
er MUSllT, &r.

\ (ills (nmba
o lis M'a* tein-
cli v<T^u>i riiii-

ilicciis, qiiml

villa oiiio cas-
ii>i)i.<« iiiiiilatim
ind trat s(irori«
111.

d iam est villi
(■II litem Doiiii-
n ill in.

'?i, ac xallrs dc-
n inajjniini, \hi
iiliq; in pidcin
siianori.ni. (|iii
m, &' Mimiliicr

qui licet sint
nomiiiibiis, mo-
tm diNsentiaiit ik

m rcmivsiciifin,
'rmentain pane
I in eapiie tini-
ra-eonini. Alij
S; Arriaiii.
in patriarcha ibi
ife Dens sal per
lap. We di>tat

S. /. Matideutl.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

leinr pnlchrasu-
-ej.na, difftio >fi-
nam & lior .satix
eripta de eriui>.
ucrut sibi \faria
uliaiiit lohnnl)r^

it 60. al> Irriisa-
frac tioiic paniK.
s de (jiia dieitui'
Ic mart) rum <ir-
oliiiiialf diiiiiia,

lueiifi prophctac,

qui

Cur mare mot-
tuum ilrcatur.

qui mons nunc vocatiir exiiltationi.s vel liciicix, eo quod pcrcgrinis ab ilia parte intratibiw Moni "uiuiu
rcddit primuin sanctae ciuitatis aspectuin. Ab oppido autcm lerico in 30. st.ididniin npacio """•
vcnitiir ad [ordanisi fluiiij lociim, vbi beatiis lohannes Bapti^ta CliristuTj sa.ri baptism iti* me-
rcbatur tin!;ere lymphis. Et in cuius rcuerendi inysterij vcneraiinncm habetur ad dimidiain
leucain i\ fhuiio wdKicium honottae Ecclcsia; con.secralum in nomine ciusdcm veiicra!)i!is bap-
listae ministri. Al» hic Ecclesia de prop6 vidi doinuin de qua paticbar inilii narrari, qu6.l in
eodcm Kiro olim fuerit leremia- sancli habitatio prophetx.

Notanduin est. lordanis fluuiiis quamuis grandis non sit, b(moriim tainen pi.sriiim copiam lordmii deitrir.
iiutrit, ortum acripiens sub montc Libanon ex duobus fontibus, scilicet lor, Si Dan, qua}""-
noinina simui mixta nomen lordanis clHciunt. Deciirrit autem per qucndam locum dictum
Maron, ac seeus sta^rniim quod di( itiir Marc Tyberiadis, ac subter montcs Gylb:)e per amoc-
niisima loca, iitque in subtcrraneis meatibiis per Ionium spacium se ocrultans ta idem exit
in pl.mitie, qii.e dieitur Meldam, id est, forum, qiKul eertis temporibuit ibi Nundinae extr-
centiir, & ad exlrcmum se iactat in mare mortuum.

Hue staunum qimd vocatur mare moituii habet longiludinis fiOO. feri; stadia, & latitudini* M"* 'w)"uu«r
IfjO & apiiropinqiiat aliqiia pars huius maris ad quatuor loucas jmipt: Icrico, videlicet ad
latiis camporum Ensa;li, ex qiiiluis (vt suprA dictum est) eralieatie fuerunt arbore.s Balsami, Noti.
i\\w inodi^ sunt in a-jro Cayr .Kijypli. Istud mare diciliir mortuum.

I'rimi) quidem qniid non viiiid^ currit, scd est quasi laeus.

Seeiindd quod amara est cius aqua, & fcctidiim rcddit odorem.

Tcriii) (]ii(VI propter eiiis amaritiidincin terra adiacens litiori nil viride profert.

Qiiaiit> (proiit dieitur) si eadat in ca hesii.i, vel aliud quid viuens, vix poterit plcnfe mori
sine -iuhmor;;! in o( to diebii», ncc niitrit in se pisces aut qu d simile:

I,itloia(iii(')quesiia vari.int quanis.Tp^coIorem, & sine vlla anitaiione vrntoriim eijcit in (pii-
bii-idam loei> •<e a(pi:i, e\tra proprins terminos. Per huitismodi aquain dieitur Deus pro indi-
eiiiili vitio Pcntapoliin siihmeisissc, Soijomam, Gom-irram, Adamam, Seboim, & Seizor.

(Juiil 111! vdcant hoe mare laeu Asphaltidi-, alij lliiuium Dacinonu, aut fltimcn Piitre. Quod
aiitcin oliin prophel.T interpictans dixit, montes Gilboe, nee ros nee pliiiiia venial super vos,
mai;is ><pirittialitcr qii;"iin literaliii^r vidctiir intellii;endum. Nam ibi crescuiif altisvimi cedri,
iSc arliores poma ferenles, ad capitis quantitatem hiimani, ex qui'ius vald^saporosus (It pot us. Non

Mare istud moitumn ileterininat lines terr.r promissioni«, & Ar,ibi;r. Ide(')q; \lira ipsum
mare eondiclit (|nond,iin, vnus succcrisoriim (iddlridi de Builinii I'lTtc & speetabile easlrum,
pollens illie copiosam C'liri>ti.m()ruin militiam ad tcrram proinissionis cui<tO(iienduin. Nunc
ver() temporis, e^t Soldani, iV ap|icl!atur Ciruth, id e.<t mons Rei{ali». Sub hoc monte est
villa dicta Sobal: habitat in illis paitibus m-igna Christiaiiorum multitudo.

('apvt. 1!>.
De Nazareth, & Samaria.

NA/.arcth in prouincia Galilcx in qua nutritiis, & de qua cognoininatus est Dnminiis vni-
uersuruni, di>tans ab Ilicrosolymis ail tres eirciter dieta.s, erat quonda ciuitas. qii.r nunc est
dispcrsa, & rara doini rum, quod vix \illa^>ilii eompetit nomen; & in loco Annuiiciaiionis,
vbi Angehisad Marlain dixit, Aue jjratia plena, Dominus tecum, habebatur olim bona Eccle-
sia, pro qua paruum SaiMceiii rcsiitucrunt habitaciilum, in colligcndas percf^riiiorum oHe-
rendas.

A N.izarcth redcundo per terr.mi Galile.T, transitur per Raniathaym Sophiin, vbi nascel-atiir
fidelis Samuel prop!ieta Domini, & per S\ In, vbi locus orationis crat anteqiiam in lerii«a'em:
& per Sichcm magiix vberfatis vallem, itur in proiiinci.im Samaria*, vbi habetur &• bona
ciuitas nunc dicta Neapolis, distans, ;\ sani ta vrbe vpaeio soliiis diet.T, ac per foiitem lacob,
super quern lesU'* fatij:atus ab iiiaero eoUoqucbatur .Samaritanaf, vbi & apparet riiiiia destruc-
ta; Ecciesiac quondam illie h biiir. Hi e-t ibi villa adhiie vocata Svehem, & in co est ma so-
lemn loseph pafriarel'.T (ilij la-ih' ad i uius os>a visitaiida sub deiiotionc non minus pere-
{jrini ludxi adueuiunt, quam Christiuui.

Hinc

iji

i\<

\ iil

( '

«w

VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandtuil.

Samitii, nunc
Scbiiir.

Noli.

llanul.

Ill differentia.

lliiic 'alis |)ro|)6 C!«t mnni Carizii) ( iin vrtii^<li) tciti|)l(i oralifiiii-* Saniarilanormn: v\ fiinc
intraiiir S.iin:iri:i, <|Ma' iikk'A :i|)pi'lla(iir S<ha'<tc, it < x| illiiH |Miin'ij)ali-. ciiiiia* jmniiiuijc.
Ill qua fiiit priiiiimi tcrni' mkiikI iiiiiii c rpn* lirali l'>:'nnix ni|)li^t:r, inter sacia ci rpora llcli-
7,.Ti, \' AIkIIh; Proplv laiint, vi <;u Miim a»simi!il)aiiir virditili'.s iii\if,i, r'>rj)i)ril)iii iiii';;i'-
rctiir in scpiiltiira. Ilii'C (|iin(|nr di-t.ii ah !lii'rcisiilvini><, I'm' '••< 'i. dicta".

Ilah-tiir it aim- piitiiiH aiit Inns i iir:i ilia inonlnia, i|ucni ulcriipio >imilil<'r fiiiitcni lacib
a|ipcllant, ruins acjua sccimkIimh ():ia'uor aiiiii lcini)(iva v.iri.w r ;\ sno fiA ti', vt sit (|ii iiiil/)(|;
clara, qiiaii(l6qiic tiirl)i(la, nunc viridix, ^ nunc n bra. ('(i:iiincst antcm tcinpcrc A|)"si()-
lorii cmn Samaria rercpi-^rt \<'rl>iini Di'i, illi'!< luisNO cdiincriiw, \' liiptlziirs, in iiiininc
Duinini Ic«u, & tanen pnsica per qiiciidain Caliphorum pcnicrsos, O^jcrii-* dux Pa ordin ppr
Tfinplarioru viriuicin nir«iiin .Miibiufjauii Cliristianitati: M(q; po^t pliircx rupntiii, & var'atio-
ncs, illi qui nuc sunt Samarita', iin\enint sil'i lufrcsim j)ropnam, & rito ab ninnibiis n.ilio-
niliu^sinjjuhircin.

Falcniiir aulcin -c credere in Dcum, qui ciincla crcauit: rccipil'iiifqur pent.itpurum srriplu-
ra*. nun I'-allcrin Dauidi>>, accrrimf; cciiUMidonlr-i, se solos ililrctis-iinns Oci (ilios ; qui etiain
Tepumfnti capi- Jipo iiobili (liU'crrntia inuoliiunt capiia lintcn ridico, Saraccni autrm albo, Indi croceo, & Chri-
stiaiii illi in:nirnl<N Indico, hoc est, acrco, -cu liiaivnthimv

Porro :\ Na/areih qiiaiunr louris, est ciuilas oliiii dicta N.ivin, in 'J. miliarin ThaI)or montis
coiiira .Nfer'diein iu\ta Kiidor Icroniinus Ante cuius portain re-uscitauit Christiisdcfunrtuin
(ilium \ iiicuni malris su.r, prascnlibus duabus lurniis Ivuniuuni copiosorum. Hinr (piixpir
ad leuras duas, est ciuitas Israel, vbi olini inorabatur pessima retina le^abcl, cpiam Dei indicia
equoruni vni^ulis conculralain, rancs fcr^ vsqiic ad caluariam coniederunt.

C A I" V r. ;i().
Dc ferrilDrio (Jallile.e, & Saiuari.T, it- de villa Sardcnay.

ITcm ;\ Nazareth ad Iriicn" dimidium, inoiistrantur in rupe vcstijjia pedum, c|ua; diciintur CMse
D(>niini no-iri lesii Clirisii \bide mauibus luda'oruni. ip«um de alia rupe pritcipitarc volcn-
tium desiluii in i>tam. l)c cpio saltn cpiidain i!M('lli<;unt illud scriptum Kuangclieiiin, Icsut
autein transiens ])it meiliuin illi rum ilmt.

Ad fjuaiucr aiitem leura> de Na/arcili, e-i ('.ma (l.ililc.c, \l)i Clirlstuii ad vrbanas inatrN
prerrs, inutauil vndam in xiiniin opiiiiMini.

Ad distantiam (]uatU(ir leuc.irum \ N.iz:iretli, venilur in Tlialxir, nii iitc spertabile, vbi trans-
figurabaturCliristus, coram <|uibus(iam siiis .Vposiolis, apparcniilnis ibidem, Mose, & llelia,
prnphetis, \oci'<|; dilapsaa nia'^nilira I'atris ijlnria, it sidcliaiiir I'riro b >nurn ibi esse: ipion-
dam inline nionte habebaliir ciu'.las, ( um |)lurilin» I'.i cle-ii>i, quarum nunc sola restant \esli-
jjia, I'xcepio quod illc Ini ii- lransiii;iir.itionii e-t inhabilatu-i, tpii e-l Schnla Dei nominafiis.
Nolaiuiuni. Tliabor est in inedi.i Cjaiilciv, ( amp is iiiira iutniidii.ile siddimis, <livtans i'l *I)i(ite-
saria .'i. milli.iribus contra Orienicm.

Item de N.izarelh in tres leui as est villa, sru c.i«triim *Zaniir.i, de (juo recolo me snpradix-
isse cajiife 4. Et inde venitur in Mure (ialilcie, (piod cpianiuis dicatur mare, est lacus aqua-
dulcis lonj;us.

Vliia centum (U). forsitan stadia e^f Iacu», boni rum |)is(iuni ferax <.V \her. qui etiam in alio
loco siii vocatur mare Tvbcriadi-, it in alia mnre Uene/ireth, varians libi nomen, secundum
ciuitates, & terras prnpin(|uas. ('!r< a Ivc mare Cliri^lus frc(pien!er. it libent^r amluilassc
vidciur: liic vocauit ad sui di«cipui,itum, I'etru, & .Vudre.un, lucobum, it loannem : liic super
vnd.i si(cis ambidabat vi'sii^ijs, it pni'cipifem I'ctrfi filiii tcnfantem, verbo incrcpalioiiis
relciiat ne mergatur, hie deniipie rcdiuiiius a morle rejilcuil discipuloruni rcte ma;;nis pisci-
biis I.Vi

Item in riuifate Tiberiade, qu.x est pr"p(^ hoc marc halietiir in veneratione niensa illius ccr-
naf, «|iiain in F.maus castcllo Clirisiiis crnauif, cum ab oculis cnmmensalium euaiuiit. Ilicdc
propt' ninnstratur mons illc fcrlilis, nmns ille pin>;uis, in (piode paucis panibu'-, it dc paucio
ribus piseibus ius&u Christi fueruut salurali, (juiiHiuc millia hominum.

A.I

.\i ..iThal.'r.

adi!.

voc;

nati
intei
N
unt
eiiti;
vbi I
;;enq

/. Mandtnil.

iiin: «"x fimr
a-i jjnniiiuiiB.
cr rpoiM lli'li-
oriluis im<Ki-

fdiilcni Iiiroli

it 1)11111. I6(|;

iipm- A|)'>'<ii>-

, ill II' iiiiiu-

I \\\ mrimi |ier

M, & vin'atio-

nmiiiliuH ii.itio-

piiriim scriptii-
ios : qui rliain
rrocco, & Chri-

Thalxir montis

stiHiicfiinrtiiiii

Hinr (|U(u|iir

lam F)ci iijclicio

sc (licuntiir cusp
(■i|)ilarc volcn-
nj;olicuiii, Ic'tus

I vrlianas inalrN

taliilt", vbi lran<-
M(.so. & Ilfliii,
ibi esse : cition-
hi rcst.iiit \c»li-
Dci iioniinaftl>i.
li^tans a * Diotc-

111 inc siipradix-
cst laciis aqua-

qui rtiani in alio
imrn, sccimduni
LMitt'r aiiilmlassc
iiiu'm : liir Miprr
111! iiicrcpatioiiii*
tc maj^nis pisii-

nicnsa illius crr-
ciiamiit. Hirdi
biis^df paiirii)

A.I

-Up

S. /. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

A«l iiiitium autcm prxdicli maris iuxta villain Capernaum habctur Fortiu)) cafltrum totiiiu
Icrra: promissionis, iu quo dicitur nata fuiwe sancta Anna maler yirginlH Mariae.

Praidiftis Iraq; Christi vcstigijs, & tcrrao sanctae locis in pcregrino cum dcuotionc cordis &
reuercntia dc bita visitatis, si drHidcrat rcucrti, posif illud facere per Damawum, qua; est ciuitas Dimiflm
longa, nobiliN, & grandis, ac plena omnium rerum mercimonijs, cum lamcn distat i\ porta
maris (ribuH plcn6 dictin, per quod spacium iiincris, runcta Iraijciuntur AsiiiN equis, Drome-
dariJH, & Camclis; & putatura plcrisquc narrantibus fundata in loco vbi Cain protoplaustorum
(ilius Abel fralrcm suum occidit.

A Damasco do prnpinquo est mons Seyr, ciuitas grandis firmata duplicibus muris ac popu-
losa niniis in qua sunt muili in arte Physica famoNi professi. Item ik Oamasco baud remold
distat custrum satis muniium, & (Irmum, quod Derces c:<t nominatum. Habent aulem in illis.
& vltorioribus partibus liunc vsuni : si quando rastrum ab hostibus Tuerit sic obscssum, qudd
Dominus eius non possit einittcre nuiu'ium amicosuo remote moranti, recipit columbam olim
in rastro, vcldomo amici natam, veledueatam, quam hicsibi per ccrtam jirouisionem allatam
dctiiuiii incaucalam, & scriplas quas vult lileras alligans collo rolumbic, dimittit libcram vo-
lare, qu.-c protinus lestinat ad locum jiroprix natiuitatis. Sicque vidctur cognosci in illo
rastni quid agatur iu isto.

Coctcrum percgrinusADamasroreucrtendo, in quinque Icucisvenit Sardenay, quae est villa
in aha rupe, cum mullis Ecrlcsijs rcli<;iosorum Monachorum, & sanctarti nionialiu fidei Chris-
tiana.-, in quarum vna coram maiori altari in tabula lignca erat olim imago beatissimae vir- viUiSudcnix.
ginis Mariic non srulpta sed drpitla in piano spacio. Ex hoc rcditur per vallcs Bokar (crtiles
& pro pascrndis pccorum grcgilnis cxuberanlcs: & intratur in montana vbi copiositas est
fontiuni qui cflluunt inipftii dc Libano. Ibiquo dccurrit fluuius Sabbatayr, sic dictuii quod
dicbiis Sabbatis ruiJrnt6r rnpidius transit, quain alijs sex dicbus.

Peruenitur hinc ad satis altuin montom, propi Tripolim ciuitatem, in qua ad pracsens
plurcs Christiani Catholiix fidci habitant iugo inlidolia nimis oppress!. Ex hoc loco sibi
dclibcret peregriiuis, qucm sibi maris portu aciipiat ad repalriandu, videlicet Beruth, an Sur

velTyru. Sur,»el Tjrnu.

Postrcmd scicndiun, quod terra promissionis in totali longitudine sui k Dan qui est sub
Libano vsq; ad Borscba in Austriim continet circiter centum, & 80. leuras Lombardicas, & ab
llierico in totali lalitudine circiter fiO. Notandum, Dan eat viculus in quarto i\ Pennea de
Miliario cuntibus, contra Septentrionem : vsque hodid sic vocafur terminus lude.x, contra
Sc|)tentrionem est etiam & fons lor, de quo & lordanis fluuius erumpens altera sortitus nomen
lor. Termini ludcw terras a Bersabc incipiunt vsquc ad Dan, qui vsque Peneaden terminatur,
leroniinus.

C A )■ VT. ai.

De sccta deteslabili Saracenorum k eorum fide.

lAni rcstat vt de sccta Sararcnoru alicpiid scribam vcl compendio.s^, secundum quod cum ciiigfnti.
ij-i t'rei|ucntir cuiloqiicndo audiui, & liber Mahometi, qucm Alcaron, vel Mesahaf, velllarmi MandtuiUi.
votant, ijs pra". ipit, tii< ut ilium sirpf; inspexi, & studiosfe pcrlegi.

rrcdunt iti'ui; S.iraceni in Deii creatorem coeli & terra;, qui fecit omnia in ijs contenta, & rideiSuace.
sine quo nihil c»t factum. Et expectant diem nouissimum iudicij, in quo maJi cum corpore "<"""'■
& aiiima dcscensuri sunt in infernu perpetuo cruciandi, A boni equidem cum anima & cor-
pore intraluri Paradisum fa-licilatis aetcrna?. Et hicc quidC fides poeiu- inest omnia mortaliu
iiaiionibus, lingua & ralione vtentibus. Verumtamcn de qualitatc Paradisi est magna diuersitas
infer ircdcntcs.

Nam \ Saraceni & Pagani, & omnes sectae prxter Iuda;os & baptizatos Christianos senti-
unt bonoiuni Paradisum fore terrestrem ilium de quo fuit expulsus Adam propter inobedi-
cntiam protoplausms: qui (vtpufant) fluit, vel tunc fluet pliiribus riuis lactis & mellis, &
>bi in domibus &- niaiisionihus nobilitcr iuxta meritum vniuscuiusq; .xdificatur ai.ro, & ar-
;;eiito & gcmmis, pcrfrucntur omnibus corporalibus delicijs, in oblcctatione animae scternalit'. r

\oi. II. n

" sine

,.'!

V,!

V 4

r'.

l:ii

J liV

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

.v. /. MantlfuU.

wiiic linr. Illi cr(;(N qui flde K.inrl.T Trinilatii rarrnt, tV Clirixttim qui vnt sen lux if^nonint,
in tcncbris ninbulnnt. ludiri vcro iS^ oinruN l)n|iti/,nti rcctb <*ciiliui)t PHni(li<*um ra*le^lrm Si
Hpiriliialcin, \biquilihcl Nrruruliim tncrilum Diiiiniiali viiirlur, per i of^nilionein, & nmori'in.
Allanirti luditi (jiiod contra Scripliiras Mias saiicla- Trinitati coiiiradiiiinl, \- Chri'^li) ohlo-
(imiiitur, (|ui oi vera via, ncMciiiiii (|U(> vaduiit. Dc l)a|iti/.nli'4 auK*, qui lirlllil^^ tido Cathn-
lirani in humilitati- Cdrdixsiil) lu'cli-Hiic |)r.Ti'rpti-< scruniicrunl. Iii Nuii lllij nuiiI luci*, iS< in via
vcnicndi ad (irlcsK* I'aradisum cpii- Chri-lus vctIjo pr.i'dirauil, iS; ad que' rorporc Si nniiiio,
videnlil)UH disc ipiilis, dr fai'ln co^c fndil.

Crrdunt i-tiam Sararcni, omnia «n«c vera, ipio; Dimis on- pniplutarnm cti lonitut, ncd in
diucfMitatr, (piia ncsfiiint sprtilitari, imo xpriilicanti contradiccn'tit drlacili, mI nc'nari'nf,
Fnicr omncH prophcia'* pmiunt qiiatuor rxccllontiorcs, (pioriim Nuprriniiin i'^ cxct'llcnliiiinifi
fntcnltir lomn Sriria' Virj;ini> filiii, (picni iV a^Hcrnnl, scrinom'', vcl locpii'lnni, v«l spiriifi
Dri, Si proiiiniciaiiirc •ii-nicntiarii Dei, in iiidicio urnrrali futiini, iV inix»n a f)('o ad Chri'^tiaiios
dotcndos.

Srcundo io<'o Al)rahanuim diiinit fi\U>tc vcrum Dei niltorrni, & nmicuni.
TiTtiinn dani Mosi iornni (anqnani |>r(il(iriilori l)ri Miiso .<<pr( ialilor, ad iiiHtrncndos fiid.Tni.
Qnarlnm voliint rssc Malionu'l, .sane inn), iV M-rnni Dei nnniinn) ad ^*l•ip>l(w nii-surn, (uni
Icfiv diuina in dirto lihro pirnr conli'nla. Tcncnt ii;iq; induhilali>, ipiod lira! i Maria Ictiim
pi'prrif, \- crirrpil xiijjo rnancns intacta, ar lihflilr luqui audinnt dc incnrnationt* in i|'«a laila
per unn nciationiMn (iahririis An hanurli. Nam \- AlcliarO connn diiit, nd Mjlnlaiiiiiicm
Anjjfli \irj{iru'm iwpanissr, ipiod tu..c rral in partiliUM (ialilca* incantator, Turipiis mnniiif,
qui piT susci'ptam fibi lurnjam Angcli |ilnrrs \ir;;incH dptloraiuTal, iV' br.itam Virninnn ron-
urnisM- AnuTJinn, an i-ssi-i Tur(|iii>. Rdi'rt (puMi; cam prprrissc nnb p.iima Arbon-, \bi lia-
bt'bilnr pni^cpi' b mii, \' a>iiia', \- iiiic prir (iini'usicMr pucrpt-rii, \ mt(( niidia ac do!. ire,
fuissi- ill pr'>\iiii6 dfsppr.il Mil, i*^ inrantiiliim in c "ii«il.iti.)iicni iiialii« di\i'>-(', inatrriH' liiin'a>,
I)t'u» ill ti- fll'iubt sK rcf.-i ad -.aliialioiu'.M Nfiiiuii. lla'c \- hi>* similia iniilia ibi s( riiuiniur
/i;,'mrnt:i, & i»fi |)liir,i iiiicr^c narrandn tdniponiiif. <pia- b' c loro xciiiila'da iii n -11111.

I'^t (bt it librr Iciinn '<an('ti'>-'iniiim oinninnj I'rnplii'iarum I'liisx' Ncraccm in ibrti^ iV I'liiix,
b<-ni;;niim, piiini, iii^tnm, \' ^ib oinni xitio p('nitii'< aliciium : Sam turn (|iii'iqiic b aiinnn
Iaiaii;;;'lisfain post pm-diclos I'rnplicl.is I'liissc abji "^aiK tinrcm, c iti-. \- Kiiaiu'i'lium latcn-
tur (NSC plenum <<aliitari. ac vi rai i (ii<( trina, iV ipxiim Sanctum loannrm illumiiia>si> ra'< <»,
leprosos miin<l:issr, sii,( itas.<- iiinrluos, i"v; incirliim vi)la>>c \nicntcm. Mrat ci.iiii ^prniil
diiil) p'ns (|uam I'ri'p'icta, iv ab^ipic omni ppci ale, coniraliccntc code in di- scip^o, >i (b\-
I'riiniis (|':('i(l pcccatiini nun halicniii', xcrita^ in n Jii-i noii c«t : viuic \' -i (|iiaii(io Sarraccni
fciu'llt •>( ri|)liim lai.iiii;c i| Saiuli bi.ii ni«, aiit illiid belli Iai( ;i', iiii-.-iis est .\n;;cliis (iabricl.

ciciia'it ambabii- inanibiis |)ici rciicrcntia super i apul \ >.ii;.er ociiIds id ponenle-. iS: osc ulai
tiir (piain Nape i nni Minima deiicticiic.

iinnlli t ti.im eiMiim in (iricco

It I.;it

III" lilcriti

consiieiieriint ciiin (li'iintiiuic cordis id lectitare.

Idem libcr (licit liida'os perlidos (iiiv<e, (pii'i I Ipsii ci-> priiniim inis^o a Deo, \ nulla mi

ila I
[■pia, iV-

acicnti cre(l< re noliienini, (pi(')d(pie per ipsiim tota j;eim liidieonni (nit dijjiu^ de-

n)erit(') illiisa hoc modo

esiis III lic.ra (

tiiin

bid;

IS eiiin pro siyiK

tradit

loiiis osciiia

la-

batiir, posiiii per Mct.iniorplioNin liniirinn siiain. in ipsinn liidani, sjcinie bidn-i in aiiibininj
lumine iinctiiriii Icinporis. pro le«ii Iiidani (apieiitcs, llj;ante», trahciitcs, deriileiites, in line
criii'ifi\eriint, pi.tjiiii's se oinn

(Ciidit III ( (r

P
liim.

ia r.Kcrc Ic-ii, (pii prolimis eaploiV li^alo Iiida, viiiiisas-

(ipscensiiriis itcriim \iiiii> a(

1 IikI

K mm III (lie linaii.

I'.i iiddii, bill. CIS falsi

ssimc \s(ii

le lindie luis Chri-iMiK

li-

o iiiciiilacio (lr( ipere, quo di
( unt ••(■ Ic-ii criK i(i\isse, (picm iioii Ictc; cilint. Ilinc err. rem Iciinit Sarraccni obstiiiati : i"v
(piodil.un arnnmeiitiiin inire conaiitiir. Nam si Dciis (,„iiiiil) pcrniisisset lesum, innocentein,

iV^ iiistiin

ill iia nii^craliiiiier occidi, ccn-iiirain su.t siiiiiniie iii-titi;p niiiiiiissc

t. Scd

cum insi,

vt siipradii tnm est, in tenebris ambiilaiil, idcirn'i i^ orantcs Dei iiistiiiaiii, staliiere v

limit

iiistitiain, iiiu) iniiistiiiani ipiain i'lbrii ant in ( irilc >-iio, (piia ims de ( nice Cliri-li scriptiiin
inutn;.. Sj- noiiimiis, l.ieiiciliciiim est li;;iiiiin per (iiioil III iiixjili.i Isti 1 linen quod in aliiiiiibiis aiipro-
iijM(»ijn!i.. pinquniit \ci.l' IuIci, multi (pianilo(iiie eunim iiuienii sunt loiinersi, <.v plure^ adiuic de (ai ili

ItltCI

IU«ti|

anil

cidi

liir,
lim.l

mini

-.-jife-

ManilfuU.

X iftnornnt,
trlciirm Si
iV ninorcni.
hri^to nblo-
' litli' Ciiiho-
:J4, i!v ill via
re iV iininia,

iiliH, nrd ill
(I iicniiri-nf.
'('Ilcnli<<»inici
M'l spiritu
il Cliriitiiiii()t

ihIcw Iiitla'"".
ni««uin, (iiin
M.ii'i.i I(siim
• ill i|'i;i r.icia
«.iliilaii>iMi'ni
ipiis iioiiiinr,
iruinciii loii-
horc, \lii Ita-
lia ac (liilorc,
ilcriu' liiiu'a«,
1)1 '<) riluiiiliii'
II -lint.
i( ti^ iV l-Kiix.
que I' anni'iii
I'rliiim fati'ii-
lina-sc (ii'ioo,
ci'iiiii ^|iri>ut
scip-o. »i (li\-
indo Sarrai riii
Hclii- (ialiricl.
I'-. \ (isi iilaii-
I.iliiiii litcnii

, \ nulla ini-
I'liil (lii;iii' ili'-
liliiilii-> ii-'t'ul.i-
n-i III ainl)ii;iii)
(Iciitox, ill line
lutl.i, \iiitis as-

i|;t'rc, quo di-
li olisiiiiati : iV
II, iiinoiTiilcni,

S('(l cniii i()-i,
slaliitTi' \oliint
liri-li xriptiini
i(|iiil)iis api)ii>-
adliiic dc I'acili
icn-

S. I. AhwUull.

Tfv^FFTQUr,.S, AND DISCOUERIES.

roiiiirrlrrciitiir, »i halirrcnt prft-diraKirt >, sinccr^ eU vcrbiim rraclaiUM, ipiippe riim lam
fnrraiiliir Ifnein Maliomcli (|iiand<)<|iic dcCec/Mram, »i( ut mini- pirijl lex liiditoriim, Si Icucin
('liri^Hnnoriim vsqiic in (iiicin Hcnili j>^'rmansura((i

C A r « T 'ii.
Dc ?ifi»» & nomine Mnhomcti.

I'Homi^i in siiperinribiM aliquid iiarrnfr dp vita Mahoineii li'jjisJaUjri^ SarracciKirimi, prmit
vidi ill icriplis, vcl niidini in iiartibii'* illis liacpic Nfacho, sine Ma(i">n, vtiuni in Ncmnda
Hvllalia scriliatiir N, litera, v 'I imii idem rcftrl ; iV -i icrtia syllaba addaiur, iV dicaiiir M,i-
cluinii't, vi'l etiaiii <|iiarta, Maclioiiirlii-, iiiliil dillrrt, (|ii«jd .semper idem iiomen repre-eiiiat
Ipsi taiiieii iliiiin MoipiiM ni'ininant Matlinn, I'ul.itiir aiiteiil i^tiiin Mahomet lial)iii-'<e ^eiieiM
tioiiit ortiim de Umael Aliralia- lllio natiirali de eoncnhina AKar, vndc i^c \'<(pic hudie qiiidaiii
iSariMceiioriiin dieuiitiir Niiiaelitu', alij Ajiarpni : ned iV ({iiidam Moabiitt', iV Aniincnita', A
duiiliiH I.dtli tilijs Monb iS( Anion, gciiiliH per iiu'esliini de propriJM liliabtiN.

ilic ver<'^ Maehon, eiira aninini imarnatiotiiH Domini sexccntiMsimiim iiatiix, in Arabia
pauper erat gratis pasteiiM cameloi, iS: interdiini scqiieni Mercatoren in .Ae^sv pttim rordeliot
illiiriim proprio eollliana> lidei, didicit alitpiid de lide inmlra, quod diuerierc sidebat ad (eljujani lleretnil.e
rommi'i:inti<« in de-erin. I'.t qundammodo lahulanlur Sarrareni, quod illo (piandoqiie in^re-
diente leilulani, celluLe o«tiiini miit.ilum in iaiiuam \ald^ patenlem, velut ante palatinm, iV
UJoriinliir iiiic priiniim mirai iiluni. ({iii ex tunc eonqiierendo silji pcmniaN, iV di^eendo
st'i ull ai Ills dines est ellerliis, \ priidens ab o:nnibus repiitatus, in taiiliim, vt poHtinndnin
ill terra' )>iil)ernai(ireni Coim/ len, ^qiiiecst vna proiiineianim rej;ni .\ral)iie) ajtsiinierctur, ac
delude ileliiiK to prim ipe Codiiie per ('ciniui>iiiiii illiiis relietir in eiiisdein proiiinria- jirinei-
pein eleiiareliir lira! autein satis lormosiis, \' vaiens, \- vltra modum in veriiis it I'aeti"*
matiiriis, iHc |iriiieipalis, \ saiis dili<;ebalur a .«uis, ina^is tameii inrlnebalnr, iV rrat epilepti-
eus, neniine lamen sciente. Sid t.indeni ab vxore eompcrto eontristabatiir, se tali niorbidii
nnptani, <pii versuliis lereilil, \' c oiisolabatur nurNtain iif^niento mcndaeij cxeo^itati, dieeiiH
!<aiielum Dei .\ri'lian^eiuin (iabrieleni ad roiioqucndum & inspirandnm sibi, quiTdain arcana
iSf diiiina interdiim venire, iS,: pro virlnte aut claritale veniente nc siibito eaderr ^: iaeerc ad
inti'iidendiim inspiratitinem.

I'ost hoc auteni, morluo etiam Hege ,\ral)iie, tanta egit per siinulalionrm sanctitatis, per
donoriim elliifiioneni, iV eopiain proinissionutn, quo<l cicctus est Xr assutnptus, in totius Ara-
biie l{e);cin.

("onlirmato in'tUir Mahomelo in rcunationis sua- maiestatesnprcina, tr.ins;irfisi\ enneeptionc
Domini iiosiri lesii Christi aiinis solaribu.i itVi. in die loiiis feria «piinia llobdom-idn- pro-
miilnaiiii pr.Tfatum dctrstandm le^i^ su.t libniin, plenum pcrlidiiv & crroris, i"^- a subditis
tempore vilic suit scrnari coenit, qui «.V vxpic hndir in tantn acuo, A: tot populis iion sine
iu«io Dei iudicio e(ditiir & seriialur, qnamuis miscrabile, & miseraiidiim videtur, quod tot
aniniit in illo |ierdunliir. Mrat quoque temjiorc rci;ni cius, <k alius Hereinila in deserlo
Arabi.T, quern etiam (pia.si pro deiiotione frecpientare solebat, diiccns xecum alicpios de prin-
eipibiis & lamilia. Super (pio pliires eoruin altediali tractabanf oceidrre Ileremita,n. Ac-
eidit tandem vna nociiuiii, vi rex Hcromitam & seipsum inebriaret, iV inter loquendum
ainbo eonsopiti dormirent. Mt eccc habita oeeasionc romites pladio de latere Hejiis elam cx-
trario Ileremitam inlcrfecerunt, itenim cli\ni condentcs criienium jj'adiuni in vagina; ac ille
eiiigilaiis viniin yidciis oc< isiim, niagno furore sucrcnsiis im|)osiiit familiie facfinn, volcns
omnes per iustitiam eondemiiari ad mortem. Cumquc coram iudi<ibiis & sapientibus ajjcre-
lur, hi omne.s pari concordia, simili voce, iV vno ore testabantnr lain <liuisim qiu^in eoniunc-
lim, Hej;cm in ebrielate Mia homineni octidisse, quamuis fortassis es.set facti oblitus. Et in
plenariam rei .robatioiiem, dixerunt ipsum reposuisse inucroiiem in loculo nudum inlersiini,
sed calido eriiorc madcntem. Quo ita inueiito, ac tantis re\ obniliis teslificali(mibiis, ni-
ininin erubnit, piciit obinuluit, & confusus reccssit. Et ob hoc omnibus diebns suis vina

O )i bibcre

Tcin)Mil NjIiui-

nutuiit,

Idirrmrmuni
jutti«rititii Ma-

chiriiii.

Occjim \iiu in-
terdicriidi Sar-

CANAO.AN*
Ori«viali«'*.--

100

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. /. JUandeiiil.

u\ 'I:

PotuiSarrace-
nurum.

Alias Mecca.

Ogf ni? .1 Trm-

Error corum qui
putant inum-
qurtnqur m sua

bciri.

Collof^uium Sdl-
().ini (um M^n*
druillo.

Rri'rrhtnsui

RfprehenMi'
«uki lustimmj.

V'-ftimrntorurr
Viriftai rrj'tf-

biberc reminciauit : & in lege sua il cunrlis bibi vetuit. ac vniiiersis bibetibux, colenlibiis,
Sc vrndentibus malcdixit. Cuiu^ malcdictio cuuertatur in caput ciust, & in vertice ipsiim
iniquitas cius dcscedat, cum de vino scriptum cdsiet, quod Deum & homines laetiKcct. Iiji-
tur dc eo Sarraccni in sua superstitioni- (Icunti viiiuin non bibunt, quanquain plurea eorum
quod tiinciit in publico non verentur in sccreto.

Est autcm communis pot^^^ coriun dulcis, delectabiii-i, & nutritiuusde CasnnicI conrcctu^,
de qua & Saccarum fieri solct.

Maliometus isfe post mortem suam pessimam (mors cnim peccatorum pessima) conditus
fuit honorilic^ in cjjjsa, ditissimo auro, & arifcnto, & saxis pcrornata in vna ciuitatc regni
sui Arabitc, vbi & pro sancto, & vcro Dei nuncio inccpit deuot6 coli ;\ suis per annos du-
centos sexaginta, atquc ex tunc circa annum Domini nongcntissimuni cum veneralione niulta
cadaucr ciiis translatum est, in digniorem ciuiiatem dictani Men hiiel lachrib, vt)i iain loiigi"*
lati^qiie pro ma.ximo sanctorum, a cordibus ;\ diabolica fraudc dcccptis colitur, requirilur &
adoraliir.

In ipsius translalione ipsa ciuitas rcstaurabatiir, iS: (irmabatur niult(\ iionorificenlius, &
fortius destructione sua, quae per Caroium magnum Kegcm Fraucix ante;\ fuif picn^ .mnihi-
lata. do Ogerus dux Danorum pncf'atus in ea tcncbatur captiuus, qucm Tcinplarij ad lilios
Breiiir Kogis Sarracenorum ciun tradiiionc vendidcrant, eo quc'id ip>e Ogerus dictum Brehir
in proplio occiderat, iuxta Lugdiinum Francirr ciuitatem. !•'( si quando iialionis altcriu'^ quis
ad legem conuerliiur Sarracenorum, diim :\ flaminc enrum recipiendus est, dicit i*t facit eum
Dei nuncium, it rcpetit sic : Laellcch ella alia Mahomet /.oyzel alia heth : (juod valet tan-
tum : Non est Dcus nisi vniis, & Mahomet fuit cius nuncius.

(' A r \ r 'r.i.
De colliKpii.! Aiithoris cum Sj)ldano.

FInaliter Sarraccni ponunt ludiros malos, e<> <|uod legem Dei violauennif sil>i missam, it
cumissam per Moscm. Kt a «imili pmbanl Chrisiianos malos, (juod non ^cruant lege Fu.i-
gelij Chri*ti, (|uam seruand.im susccpcrint. liiest enim ijs fal-va persuasio ila vt pute'Jt vnu-
quemq; in ea qua natus est scria posse bear), si susceptain serua\ierit illibati^ : ideoci; pro-
bant ab opposito se esse bonos, (juin, >.i(iit dicuni, obseriiant scnpla legis |)r,T;cepta \- ccre-
monias saiicii libri sui a Deo sihi iransmissi per bcatfi nuiuiu suii Mahomet. Vnde i*C: co
non tacebo quid mihi cotigit.

Dominus Soldanus quodam die in casiro, cxpuNis omnibus de camera sun, me solum reti-
niiit srcum tancpiam pn> sccrelo halx'ilo cclloquio Con^uetu enim e-i ijs cijiere omnes le-
pore secrc forinn : (pii diiiitenter a me inierrogauit qiialis essel gubernatio vit.r in terra nostra,
breuifer n-spondeba, Ixwia. per Dei gratjam, qui rcn-pto hoc \erbo divil ita non esse. S,i-
cenlntes (^inquit) vestri, qui seipsos exhibere deberent alijs m exempiu, in i"alis iaccni
actibus, |)Lirum ciirani de iVnipii seruiti<,: habilu iV studijs se conlormani inuiulii: sc itie-
bri.int \ino, cnntlncntia inlringentes, cum Iraude ncgotiantes, ac praua princip'bus consilia
ingerenlcs. Cumunisquoq; populiN, diim testis diebus intcdere (U'bereni deiiotioni in tem-
pi", currit in hurli-, in spcct;i(iilis, iu tabernis vs(|; ad crapulam, iV ebrictateiii. \- pinguia
manducans & bilKiis, :i<' in bestiarum moreiii, luxuriam prauam exercei;s. In \sura, dolo,
r.ipina, furto, detraciionc, mendacio & periurio viuui-t jilures eonun eiiidenter, ac si qui
lalia non aganf, \t I'aiui repiii inlur. &: pro ni'iiia cordis -uijcrbia ne^< iunt ad libifimi exco-
git.rc, qoaliter se velint habere, muiando sil)i iridumcnt.i, nunc linga, nunc curta niinjs,
(| aiiiloq; ainpla, quand/x); striata vlira in duni, \i in his siimiilis appareant deri-i j)otiii>
quam \csiiti : pilco-, (pio(|ue, calceos, caliga--, c.rrigi is silii fabricant exqui-ilas, cum eliam
e cniitra (Icbcrcnt se( iindinn ("hristi sui doctrinam -implices, Deo deuoti, humilcs, \eraces,
inuicem dili^cnies, inuicf- concordantcs, \ iniuriani de l.icili remittcntes. Sciinus cliam
eos propter jjiccata sua pinlidi-se lianc terrain opiimam (piam tenemus, nee liu'emus earn
amittere, quamdiu >^c laliler gidji-rnai.t. .\itameu nnii (lubif.unus, quin ii I'uturum per me-
linrem vii.e conucrsationcm mcrcbuniiir dc nostris cam maiiibus rccuperarv-,

) !/

/. Mandeuil.

110, coleniibus
vertice ip>iius

laetiKcct. I&;i-
plures corum

aniel confcctin,

<siina) conditus
I ciiiitatc rej^ni
s per amios du-
lUTatioiic niiilta
vbi iam ]ongb
ir, rcqiiirilur &

noriliccntiiis, i*<'
it plcn^ .iiinihi-

Miiplarij ad filios

lis dictum Brcliir
iii-i alti-riii-, qiiis

icit ()t facit cum
(luoU valet tan-

t sil)i mis»am, i\:
LTiianl \cj^i' Kua-
a \ t putc'it viui-
att^ : idfoi]; pni-
>r,T;repta & ( crc-
t. Vndc v*i: ('<;o

n, mc Noliiin rcti-
I'ijiorc omncs tc-
t.T in ti-rra nostra,
ila non esse. Sa-
, in i"alis iaccnt
t immdo : si- inc-
incipliiis (dnsilia
(loiMtioni in trm-
tatrni. c*t: pin^iiia
In \.sura, dolo,
iJi'iiter, ar si qui
ad libitum oxco-
niiiu' cuita niinis,
■ant deri-i j)r)tiils
ui-iias, iiim ciiam
luiinilc-i, MTaci's,
s Scinuis ctiain
lur tiincmiis cam
liitiiriim pt-r mc-

S. /. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

101

Ad hoc ego vltra conrusus & stiipefacttis, neqiiiui iniicnire responsum ; vcrebar cnini ob-
loqui veritati, quamuis ab Infidelis ore prolatsc, & vulfu prsB rubore demisso percunctatus
sum, Domiiic, salua reuerciitia, qualifcr pitestis ita plcne hoc noacere i" De hominibua(ait)
mcis intcrdum mitto ad modum Mercatoru per terras, & regiones Christianoru, cum Balsamo,
gcminis, scricis, ac aromatibus, ac per illos singula exploro, tarn de statu Imperatoris, ac
Pofiliciim, Prinripiim, ac Saccrdotum, quiim Prtelatorum, ncc non aEqiiora, prouincias, ac
distinctiones cannn.

Igimr peracta collocutioiie nostra satis producta, cgressos principes in cameram reuocauit,
ex quibus quatiior de maioribus iuxta nos aduncans, fecit cos express^ ac debits, per singu-
las diijisiones in lingua (iallicana destinguere per partes, & singularum nomina partium, om-
rcm rciioMcin tcrni; Amelia;, ac alias Cliristianorum terras multas, acsi inter nostros fuissent
iiati. vc! niiillo tempore conuersati.

Nam & ijisiiin Soidanum audiui cum ijs bene & direct^ loquentcm idioma Francorum.
Ifaque in omnibus his mcntc consiernatus obmutui, cogitans, & dolens de peccatis singulis,
rem taiiter so habere.

Nunc pic igitur (rogo) consideremus, & corde aftendamus, quanta; sit confusionis, &
quali-i op])p>bri), dmn Christian! nominis inimici nobis nostra exprobrant crimina. Et stu- . . „ .
deal quiiibet in melius emendarc, quatcnus (Deo propitio) possit in breui tempore, htec de [,"l]^jj„„".''
qua lo(|uimur, terra Deo delecta, bax sacrosancta terra, haec filijs Dei promissa, nobis Dei
ad 'piiiiis restitui : vel cert6, <|u<>d magis exorandum est, ipsi Sarraceni ad fidem Catholicam,
Sc riiii-iiianun obedienilam, I^clesiic (ilijs aggregari, vt simul omncs per Dominum nostrum
lesum C.uisfum i.on-iul)sta:il,alein Dei filium perueniamus ad coelcstem Paradisum.

Explicit prima pars huius opcris.
Sccunda pars.
Capvt. 21.
Per-iuasio ad non credcntos terrarum diucrsitates per orbem tcrnc. -^

NfFrd)ilis Deus mirabilia propter scmetipsum creauit, vt scilicet ab intcllectualibus creafuris
sui-* intelligcretur, .^' per hoc diligcretur, atque in hoc ipse creator, & creaiurase mutu6 fruc-
rciitur. Mirabilis t-<t ergo Deus ni.ixiin^ in illo, quud ip^c solus suflicit sibi: & mirabilis in
allis Ddininus, hoc est, in Cd-lo A: in coeleslibus : sed & mirabilis in terris, & in terrestribus:
tamcn si vcrum iiidii auerimus, nihil est mirabile, quod miru videri non debet, si ille qui oni-
iii|)t>iens est, Cecil <]U!ti unque voiuit in ccelo & in terra. Sed etce dum nobis coittiiigit videre
rem (piam |>riiis nun vidimus, miratur noster animus, noi< qu6d simpliciter mirum est, sed quod
nobis id mirum & nouum. Dcus vnus, simplex quidem est, vt crcaluras coclestes qu6 Deo
maf;is de pri>p!n(|Uo sun! eo simpliciores cxistunt. Terrcstres auteni quW in situ remotiori sinf,
idciico magis diuer-;e, maj;is conirari;e iuterse sunt.

Krgo quicuM(]ue sapiens est non slupet animc, dum in fcrrenis respicit res varia.s, & di-
uersas, vel dum <iiiier>a cmuingimt, sen inueiiiuiitur in partibus terrae diuersis: sed qui in-Rfp'fhensioin-
telbctum super >en>um luni eleuant, A: magis credunt <u iilo suo corpcreo, qiii\m ■spirituali,^'J,^,"].°|.j;,3["
& qui iiun(|uain a natiuiiaii« '<ua- Imco leccvseruiit. Mi vix volunt credere, seu pi ssunt aIijs"'5'siio<iiioimi
vera niirraiitibu'. de luundi (liucrsil.itibus. ' videimi.

Atlamei) tales, si velLiit, de (iuili videre possini suum ernireui. Quia quicunquc natus in
vna ciuit.itc, vel patria, si tiutinnmodo moueat se ad proximam ciuitateni, inueniet ibi pro-
ciil iluliio ali(]u:un dill'ercnii.im, vel diuersitatem in idiomate liuijua', vel in modo loqucndi,
in moribus hoiniiium, in oi < u|)ationibus, in legibus, in consuetudinibus, < el etiam in agro-
rum IVu( tibus, in arlioniin frugibus, seu in his qua- gignuniur in terra, in acre, iV in aquis.

Si ergo ali(]ualiter inuciiiri jx^ssit jlilI<Tcntia ij) |)roxim(), <|uant(") maior sit distantia, tant6
niaior dillereutia a;stimandi est in remoto, \ el in remotiori, sen rcmoti-iaimo loco. Vndc ego,
(|uia in praeccdeiite parte tractatus n.,rrare coepi alicpia, cpiae in his, & in percgrijiatione mea
\~i\M- in tcrram promissionis sanctam \iiii, de quibus etiam potest, & poterit constarc mul-
tis, qui in partibus iio.stris eadeni pcregrinatione me pr;ecesscriint, & secuti sunt, procedam

! in

■%'fi

Ik 1 m

kii

102

Mitiddiillui
tiihili fjcit hii
fjbulj>.

Artytoi) ciuitas*

SahijjteUf.

Arjrjth.

I.andJii'ii.
Hany nuf na

ClUltJS.

Tauiiil ti;]ital

famitij.

/adi'lK' Liuital.

lala.h.

Crih.

Cartiaj.

• Vfl Sinar.
RiMiiz antivjtia

Manna Ap'nhf<
ranorum Chal-
dxa.

Amatonia in-

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandeuil.

in (loscribendo aliqiia illorum, quae vidi & percepi in denmbulatlone mea, qua peragraui
inultas alias terras, & pcrleRi multas vndas, vsque in multorum hoc tempus annorum, &
propter insipientes, & discredentc-t non tacebo. Sed nee propter crcdentes nee sapientes
satis mouebor; tamen vt diiiersa Dei opera qui respirere non possunt ociilo, saltern lejjanl,
vel audiant ex hoc scripto. Paiica vtique vidi horuin quae sunt, sed pauca horum qu.x vidi,
oarrabo.

Capvt. 25.
De Armenia, Persia, & Amazonia.

DE regionibus quae Iiidea; contij!;nantur, scilicet Arabia, Acgypfo & Syria, .statu! modi-
cum vlira narrarc, rclinqucns hunc locum narrandi alijs peregrinis. Et fcstinans ad terras
remotiores, Armeniam minorcm, non per sinj^ulas ciuilates, sed cderilcr transicns, vioi u
remotis amplum castrum vocatum Del cspoyer, de quo mihi sustiiuii dici, quod sit vastimi,
& i\ neminc, habitatum, nisi a Tanta-itica quadam Domina, seruanie in medio niaioris aniae
super pcrticani, volucrem rapacem, qu<x dicitur I.atin^ accipitcr, vel huiusmcHli : qiiam auem,
si aliquis hominum injjrediens se custodire jicruigil absq; vlla somnolentia per septem con-
tinuos dies & noctcs ])o«set, ipsa Domina in fine facti aj)parcns concederet illi quantani-
cunquc facerct pctitioncni terrap, conimi dl, vel honoris, sed si obdormirct, periret. Ilnic
tamen dicto pariim curaui accomniodarc aurem, nisi quid communiter dicei)atur, in bene
transacto tempore jiraedicta fuisse icniala per duas personas, \nnm Rejjem, & ailerum Pas-
torcm. Et Hcgi quidem qund indobitam fecit petiliuncm, vile successit ncgoliiim, |)astori
peroptim6 successit nc;;oiium.

In Armenia maiori, iM niairiia iV bona ciuitas Artyron ad dietam ])ropi' fluuium Eiiplira-
tem. Et sunt ibi duo monies euecti valdi", vnus Sabissatele, alter ,\rarath, c]uoruni vlliinus
habet |)er anfraclus, \- pcriod( s per ascesnm via', lerd 7. leucas, & (piasi omni tcporc esi
plenus nine.

In illo loco fertiir (piicuisse Area diluui'i, cuius vnicus asser mostratur, in Ecclesia .Nfona
choru ad niontis pede habitanlia: atlame nuUus hominu pro trigorc nimio attelare prx>iimi(
ascensu.

Est autem & ibi ciuitas Landania, de qua nonnulli diciint qu6d Noe illam fundauerat, ^;
ciuitas magna Hany, in qua, tempore Chrisfianorum mille habebantiir Ecdesi.T.

In ilia Armenia sub Imjierio I'ersi.T est famosa ciuitas Tauris, vbi de mercimonijs ponde-
ralibus lit inestimabilis mercaliira. Ilinc ad decem dietas ad Orientem habetnr ciuitas Zado-
na, in ea Inij)crator Persarum moratnr, & est in eodem imperio ciuitas valdi^ magna C.ass.irli,
quae recto itinere dicitur stare ab Hierosolymi* 55. diefis. Geth ciuitas imperialis, & melior
totius Persia? in hAc terra noscitur esse, cDm tamen Carnaa sit satis maior.

Circa lines Periia- in terra* Sennaar, est ilia qure olim dicebatur Babylonia, nee apparet
ibi aliquid, quam ruiiue grandis & vetusfac ciuitatis, qua? ab hominibus est dcscrta, sed a
Draconibus inhabitata, & alijs animalibus, & volncribus vencnnsis. Hanc lerram tenet Iin-
])erator Pers.irum, vt supri\ dixi. Etiam intra fines Persia;, est terra, vbi sanctus lob patiens
nionibaiur, qute modo dicitur terra Sues, in cuius montanis inuenitur Mann.i, quod venditor
ill Apothecis. Ilinic teritp Sues contiguatur Chaldxa, quae non est magna, quamuis nobilis
regio habcatur. Et ab isia ir.tratur Ama/.onia.

Ama/onia est modica insula, quam absque viris solac regunt & inhabitant muliercs: cuius
rei prima causa hjpc fuit.

()lim cum insula communiter i viris, & mulieribus habilabatur, Hex cius dictns Colopiiis
cum omnibus nobilibus suis in bello contra Hegnnm Scithiir occisus luit. .Audientes igiiiir
nobiliuni vxores ipxius insula; hc viduatas, super his, in doloroso (urore animi ad plures con-
grc-isioncs occidcrfit & liigauerunt omnes aliarum mulierum maritos, ne scilicet sua ingenui-
tas subiaceret vdlinitafi, iV potestati plebi'<. Et tandem post rerormalam interne |)acem tuu-
lieres iniio con>ilio statucrunt se solas absque viris dominari in terra, atque e\ tuncsumi sihi
regimen j)er certain electionis f'ormam, qusc robusta, .agilis, sa|>iens, iunenis, ac valens aji-
j>aict in armi>i.

Sciendu tamen c~t, e\tra hanc insulam (hiincn esse, & alias modicas in-ula-i, qiiaruMKi

(licitiif

/ :i'i

/. Mandeuil.

qua peragraui
IS annonim, &
:j nee sapientes

laKem Icgant.
oruin qua; \ idi,

•la, statu i modi-
itinans ad terras
ransiens, viai a
juod sit vastum,
dio niaioriii aulae
kIi : quam auem,
per septem con-
et illi quanfain-
, perircf. Huic
cbatur, in bene
& aitcrum Fas-
u'gotiiun, pastori

fluuiiun F.iiplira-
(jiioruin \lliimw
omiii ti'porc tNi

n Ecclcsia Moiia
attctare pracsuuiii

in fundaucrat, &
Icsi.T.

^rcimonijs pnnde-
cliir ciuitas /ad(v
\b macina Cassarh,
icrialis, & mclinr

onia, ncc apparct
est dcserta, scd a
; tcrrani tenet liii-
anctiis Iol> patiens
na, quod venditiir
a, quamuis nobilis

It miilicres: tuiiis

IS dittiis CoIopiiN
Aiidienles ifjiliir
inii ad pliires coii-
ilicet sua iii};eniii-
nter ^c pacein inu-
■ e\ luncsunii sibi
nis, ac valens ap-

iiMilas, quaru mki
(liiiliir

S. 7. Mandeuil

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

103

» Jl

Satw.

dicitur Carmagitc, dc qui'ius licitum est ijs accessire viros, & ainasios bis in anno, ita vt
nulla inorain frahat septem dierum naturaliu sub poena indubitata occisionis. Infantem mas-
eulQ nutrire licet quoadusq; per se roniedat& gradiatur, tunc transmittendus est in don^u pa-
ternain. Generoste nat.x puella: auferfur i^mito cuitro vber sinistrum pro scuto gerendo, de-
ffcneri dextrum, ad sagittandum de arcii Turco. . , „ , ,

Keo'ina cum consiliaribus & officialibus suis regit sapienter & ben6 terram, & seruat omnes
sibi sub dislrieta obedieulia. per leges, & prenas, & ainciidas conscnptas. Et cum circum-
iacentium insulariim Uege-. contra se adinuicem prculiarisolent, tunc Rcgina Amazonue cum
suis Nobiiii)us ab vna parte pro inagno slipendio vocari solet in adiutoriu, vbi & inuetae sunt
sapiCtes in consilij.s, probai in armis, acres in conflictibus, & in omnibus Curia? actibiis bene
valeles.

C A P V T 26.
Dc Acthiopin, & Diamantibus, & de infima India.

Acthiopia consistit a terra Chaldcorum in Austrum, quae distinguitur in Orictalcm Aethi-
opiam, & Mcridionalein, quarum prima in illis partibus vocatur Cush, propter hominum
nigrcdincni, altera Mauritania. Et est ibi Regniim Saba, de quo legitur, quod Rcgi Salomon! Mautiianu,
Regcs Arabiim, & Saba, dona & tributa adduxerunt. Eoque Regina Saba venit ;\ finibus, ''""™ '
hoc est, i\ longinquis terrac i)artibus audire sapientiani Salomonis. Omnes in Aethiopia aqua;
in fluuijs & riparijs, & fontibus sapiunt Sal, propter nimium calorem. Est ibi vnus aquiu piiniufc
ions ita de lucte calidus, vt nemo in co sustineat manum, & ita de die frigidus, vt bibi vix
possit.

Generaliler isti de Mauritania Aethiopes comcdunt parilm, de facili inebriantur, fluxiim
veniris paliuntiir nee diu viuunt.

De Aethiopia iniratur in Iiidiam mediam, nam triplex est, videlicet infima, quae in qiiibus- indij uiritx.
dam >uis partibus est nimis frigida ad inhabitandum : Media qua; satis temperata est, Isc supe-
rior, (iii;i> nimis ralida. In India infima propter continuum & grauc frigus generatur chris-
tallii;.'. df acpia per !;elu, sicut qiiidam asserunt. Sed ccrtum est ibi haberi rupes christalli,
& 111 illis gigrti opiimos Diamnntes, qiios lingua illius vocant Hamefht. Dijmanus.

I>t aiitca diainas pariius prxiiosus lapis, magna virtutis, sicut pleniiis desrribitur in la-
pid irii>. Q iJam inueniuntur in magnitiidine pisi, vel etiam piso minore-: alii ad quanti-
tatem f.il^ic, sed nullus maior auellana, \el nure. Et dicitur de co in partibus illis, quod si
hie (;ui p>'rlat sit ronlinens, & subrius reddit ilium magnanimum 8c audacem, 5c iiiiiat in
cau^is instil certaniem, cunsertiat substantias corporales, aufirt praua somnia, depellit pra-
iinrum s[>iritiiuin illusiones, sortilegia, & incanialiones, ac valet contra liinaticam passi-
oiu'in, iV diemonis obsessionem, iS: vencnosuin quod illi appropintpiauerit exsiidat, & ex-
liuiiie«it.

Optiir.i Diair.antcs de liulin as>iiiuilaiitur in colore nuilliiin christallo, sed sunt aliquantu-
liim mauis » itriiii, & pro -ui diiritie |)oliri non possiiiit. Inueniuntur autem ibi nonniilli
siihiiigii ail colorein \iol;r : Alii nasruntiir in Arabia nigri, & teiiuiorcs praidictis, alii in Ma-
cedonia, &: ipii(l;im in {'vpro, sc(i in miiieriis aiiri, <him prima mas-a in mimilias conlViiigitur,
inlcrdiim rcpcriiiniiir. Sciciuliim eiiim est, sa-pc plures siiniil crescere, nee non generant, Eirfritmia
& (diuipiiiiit iiiuiccm de i\ire nvW, (iiieinadmodum iv Mariiarita," : (luod eiro pluries tent.ins, M""'"""! ">
acre|)i de riipe cespiiein cum diamanle ma-.<-ulo, & lemella, |)lantans iii pratello, i>c frccpien-
taiw, locilhus in.KJerici de voir Maii. Et e< cc in hrciii, pariiulus ex iis gij;nebaiur, iiasce-
baiiir, & ailolestib.it ad debiiam <|iiantiiatem : liuntven'i omnes per naturain cum pluribus
aiii;ulis \i tritiin vel (|ualiior, aiil (|uin({ue lal-riim, & noniuilli cum latcribus scnis. E contra,
omnes inarLjarilio nasciiniur in forma spha^rica, sen rotunda.

V.\ noiandum cpiod mcrcalores, prodiamaniilnis, frequenter aliud vendunt : Nam solet com- Dianumum
mixtio fieri de christallo Crochee, de Sapiiiro, ile Loupes ('itrini>, de lapide Vri, & de paruis "tI'"''^'""'
pelris e\ murium niilis. I'robalio veri diamantis haberi potest his modis. iitubjti.) vcri

IViino si Ita inuenitiir tener, vt se poliri dimitlat, non est verus. Jiamani*,.

Item

'|j\'|

' <

'111

■'M-'

104

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. MandeuU.

I'crra Indix
vntic di^ta.
Infulj Ormuii

A Bahara, p<r
ainum Persicu
ad Ormusium
nauigaiites,
talibus hodie
vtuDtur naui-
giis, sincfrrre<
isdauis.

Insulj Chaua,
>rl Chjul
foue.

7.arkr, vel

/jri:)iia<

Terra Lrmbe.

F1aiidrir.a.

Piper quonu*-
du crc!Cat.

Pipei long;.

Ttcm si Ac conon potest sciiuli vitnim crUtallum, non est verus.

Item accipe paruum qtianlitatis lapidem Adnmantcm, qui solet sibi attraherc aciim &
femim, & pone verum diamantcm, super adamantcm, ti'mcquc si ministraucris adamanii a-
cum, videbis adamantetn opcrari nihil, vcro diamante pra;sente, duni tamcn adamas non sit
diamante maior.

Item si cultcllum lamina: tenuis, habentem in manubrio inclusum vel alli^atum verum dia-
mautcmin mensavel asserc erexeris, profinus vt ipsi vencnum ajjpropinquabit, stabit trcmu-
lans ntque sudans. Et notandum, quud per luxuriosum, seu gulusum qui ferret diamantem
amitteret virtutcm ad tempus.

Terra Iiidiac appellatur ab Indo il)i currcntc fluuio, cuius anguilla^ inueniuntur quandoquc
vltra^O. pedes in lonrritudine. In media India transitur per multas insulas vsque ad mare
Occamnn, in insulam Ormuz, vbi Merratores Venetin! saepfe tcndunt, sedviri.qui assiieti non
sunt tantum siistiricre calorcm, ne excant ])erpendifula dc corporibus pnip^ ad };ontui, ibi sc
contra hoc debits inui)luunt, & ligant, nee audent ibi transirc nauibus f'crrum continentibus,
nc tcncantur de rupibus adumantum.

IIJc in aliquibus Acthiopiw partibus habitant public^, inhonestoriim viriusque sexus lio-
minum consuctudinem inhoncstam gercnfes, & in iestu meri<liano refrigeraixli causa exeunt
circa ciuitatem ad riparias iacere, & discurrcrc nudis prursus ((irj)oribus oniiii pudi re rciecto,
ex quo prorul diil)io inhoncsta vitia scquuntur.

Est & non hmgit ab ista insula regioscu insula Caua vel Chaua, qua? ;\ priino stain nniltilm
est minorata per mare. Hi sunt infidelissimi I'aganorum. Nam qui. lam adorant Solem, alij
Lunam, ij;nem, aquani, i'^- tcrram, arborem, vel serpentem, vel cui d<' niane primo (jbuiaiit.
Ibi magni mures, quos nos dirimus ratlas sunt in quantitatc paruoruin canuin. Kt quoniam
percailos caj)! non j)ossunt, fai)iuiilur per canes maiores.

Corpora mortiinrum non sepeliuntur ibi, nee cadauera qua-Iibet bestiaruin fiixriimlur,
quod ad aeris a-stiun tames in breui tempore consumuntur, nam lV lota insula coii>isiii sub
zona torrida. Inde lran~iri potest |)er mare in Indiam superioiem, sine maloreni, \i(lell(rt
Imperium Presbv teri loannis ad jiorlUiu ciuilatis Zarke, qiiie esl elei;aiis iV bona salis. In ea
habiiat plurimi Catholica' fidei ('liristiani : & habentur plurima' Abbaii.e rcli;;iosomm, i\\\.\-*
olim Dux Danoriim Oj;erus lonstiliiil, vnde & vstpic nunc diruntur Kl•cle^ia• Dani, aUpie ex
hoc nauigari potest in terrain I.ombe.

C A p v T 27,

Do fciresio Pipcris, I'C: fonte iuuontutis.

RK^io.-'eu iusula dicl.i I.ombe, spaliosa quidem est, continens I'oreslum diclum alius Tom-
har, longu per dietas IS. lu orbe \niuer.so no noscimus crescere piper, pr.Tterquam in hoc
Ibresfo. In (pio & liabelur dua- tiuilales, vna Flandrina, (& ilia < iuilas inh.ibiiala est a
ludiris, & Christianis, inter qiMs s,Tpt> magna seditio oritur) altera Singlaiit : quasquon<lam
Danus Certur fundasse Ogerus, vocans vnam Flandrinam, nomine auiie sua; ex parte j)atris
sui, alteram Tlorenfam nouiine auia: ex parte matris su;c, qu.x muiaio nomine nunc Mxalur
Singlant.

S( iendum est autiin, |)ipcr ibi crescere in hunc modum : sicnt nos planlamus \i(«'s aut
([uenus arbores robustas, \t vitis cnm i'riulibus se spargal, \t siippoitilnr per ramus, sic ( n-
luntur arbusia pi|)eris ad arbores Iniesti, iV sparguntur pi r ramus, iV dcpcnilcnl fruclu- \l
boiri. Et venit in eiHlem arbusto triplex piper in aiuio.

I'rimum e»t ()iU)d \ocatur longum j)iper, iK: venit priusquam nascnntiir fulia in arbustis,
qnemadn.odinn nos in arbore videmus corylo in hveme ante folia pra'cedcre quasdam cau-
(iulas lon^.is, (|uo(irca initium vindemiato, nascuntur cum folij.s boiri piperis \iridis ad sinii-
litudincm paiiiarniii \uarum Quod quidem circa tempus lulii in eadcm \iridilale sinrle-
miatum in a■^lu Icruido siccatur ad .Solem, vt accipiat nigredinem, iK: nigarum contracti(i-
ncm.

I'osic.i

S. I. Mandeuit.

attraherc aciim &
raucris adamanti a-
ncii adamas non sit

illijjatum vcriim dia-
]iiabit, stabit iremu-
ii lerret diamantcm

'niuntur quaiuloquc
iilas vsijiic ad mare
viri.qiii assiicti noii
(ll)^ ad gPiUKi, ihi sc
rnim cuntincntibus,

vtiiiir*qiie sexus lio-
[cranili causa cxciinJ
Diniii pudi ri" iciccto,

jirimii statu nuiltilm
1 adorant Solcni, cdij
K\iic priino (il)iii;uit.
iiuiiiii. Kt quoniam

stiarum nprriuntur,
a insula coiisistit sul)
o niaiorcni, vidi'licct

\- bona satis. In ca
r rclifiiosorum, (ju;i-*
Icsiir Dani, atciuc ex

m die turn alii'is Toin-
, pra[-tert|uain in her
litas inliabiiata est a
uiaut: qiias quondam
K SU.X' ex partr patri-
nomiuc nunr \oiatur

plaiitainus \iU's aut
lur \nr ramus, >ii- ( o-
dcptiulirit frudu^ \l

nlur fi'lia in arbustis,
rcdcre quasdam lau-
>ipcTis \iiidis ad siini-
.Icm \iriditali- vindc-
rn"arum lonirattici-

I'.lStC.'l

S. I. Manclcuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 105

Postca cxurgit piper album in granis minoribus, & in abundantia satis minori, quo tan- '"''*"""""•
nil un preciosiori vtuntur in partibus illis, & '•"<^ vcndunt ad partes istas.

Priinuin piper ai)pcl!alur Sorbotyn, secundum Fulful, tertrum vero liauos.

Sunt autem per nemus istud fcra aniinaiia, & venenosa, sicnt parui serpentcs, colubri, &
htiiusmodi, dc quibus ncscio quls famam difl'undit per nostras partes, quod vindcmiatorca
pip. ris talcs vermes fuj^ant per ignem: .scd non est ita, imo vnguni brachia, manus, tibias, &
pedes rum quodam suceo herbaj ilicl.-c Liuionse, a qu() .ito dilliigit omnc vencnum.

in huius I'orcsti capite sub montc I'olembo, cstciuiias dicta Boiemba, & sub eodem montc Mons PoUm.
fons (jui diciiiir luuentutis. Aciua huius fontis reddit odorcm, & saporem quasi de omni gene- J;;^-,,, p„,,„.
re aromatum, nam singulis pene horis immutat odorcm, & saporcm. lit quisquis per aliquos lu.
diespotat ieimio stomacho sanalur in breiii tempore, ;\ quacunquc intcriori infirmitate, Ian- {i;||,,'""'""""'
guore diintaxat mortis cxcepto : & sane; illorum qui propi! sunt, & frequenter bibunt apparet
per totum vitre tcmpuH mira iuucnius. Ego autcm ler vcl quatcr bibi, quamobrem & vsepic
hodic arbilror ])otius me corporaliter valerc. Putatur eniin Tons ille immediate per poros .sub-
terraneos e!i<)uari de fonte paradi.si terresfris, ita (piod nulla via decurrenliiini super tcrram
fluentium viiictur. In i-.ta etiam regione, & in insulis eircumquaquc ercscit gingiber valdf: Giniibcr.
bonuin, vndc & niercafores s.xpe ibi tendunt de Venetia pro emendo pipcrc <.V gingibere.
Gentes vero luiius insul.u pcrucrs;c <.V' stolidissimic sunt superstitionis adorantcs bouem tan-
<piam animal bcatis^imum, propter cius simplieitateni nuinsueludincm, patientiam, &: vti-
iitatem.

,Mul(itiido cuiu^libct eiuilatis vel villa- vniini spccialem nutrit bouem, quern postquam la-
boranii in aratro per sex annos iiiunolanf mandiuanics pariter cum maxima solcmnitatc. Et
quicuiu|ne iiide tniinmam minutiain comedit, reputat sc sanclilicatum totum.

I'(irn') apiid KeLjeni lenelur bos singularis, cuius cnstos diligcnlissimi^ vrinam in vase aureo
accipil sinipli( iiir, iS; de liino in vas(? consiinili : &' quotidii; venil suinmus eorum pr.'clatus,
quern dicunt .Virliiprotoplaiislum, ollert personalitcr in pra'(ii( lis jireciosis vasis. Domino Regi ..\rchirrot.Yi,nj.
de bonis vrina & limo, at()ue in xrina, quani appellent (j.ui!, tingens manus, defricat, tV ^'.'"'i
perungit Regis |)ectus iV IVontcm, deindc simililer de (imo in nuilta cordis altentione, ad
linem vi possint as^etpii <[natuiir virlutes bonis pra-fati.

I'osi rej;cni cum reu(rentia accedunt, &: \ngUMlur Harones, principcs, it post ipsos ctteri
ordinati (|ui(uiuiue aiiiiinerc pos>inl, putaiites sc sanctilic.iri per rem [icnitus non valcntem,
im(^ nimis tci'tidam, iV inlionesiam.

Pr.i-terea populi i'-ii (dluiii Idola facta ad nicliuin in forma liumana, &- ad medium in for-
ma bonis In (piiljus |)ern>i«si(ine Dei per enruin perfidiam maligni spiriius liabilaiit dante.s
de interrugalis re-]) >nsa. Et liij- Idolis oO'ernii! inlinita donari aquandoq;, iK: sacrilicant inter-
dum proprios iiifanies, ipsorum .sanguine lilola re-:|:;'rgenies.

Dum hie m .rilus moriiur, vxor comiunliiir (um inarito, ni'^i de ilio liabeat sobolenwuni Vwr r.m m.i.
(|uo\iuere sulci, iV \vlii. (iuie sil)i digit cum prole suiierniiiore, non liabebilur de i-.i-tero """'""'"'"'•
tide digna.

Ailamen in siniili ca\is.i, si \ir non vult cremari cum vxore inortua, non miiuiit ei lionorein.

Ivt lorie \inum nascimr ibi: (|uud inuliercs bil)unl, iS,: non viri, vt sic mulieribus crescant
barba;, sed mulieribus radniilur, & \ ills minimi!.

Capvt. '2S.
De Ecclesia & crrpore .Saiuti ThonuT Apostoli.

nine in Meridiem plnriixis exactis In-ulis per \iam decern dictarum \eiiiturin Regiium
Mal)ron. Illic in ciuilale Cal.imiie, sernaiur in niagno lemplo corpus bcalis>imi Tlioma' A])os-
toli Domini nostri le-u Cluvsti in cap-a Iwnoriliraia. In quo loco & martiri/.atus fuit, licet
diiunt quiilain, quMd ill I'lli-sa riiiliaic. l-tc p<. pubis mil est multum teinpus tninsactnm,
quill luit loins in liilei rcligidnr, sed nunc e-i ad pc— inios (icntilium ritus peruersus, nee al-
tendit, \\ci- veiieraiin- n llicpiia- saniii corporis .Aposiuli iljidtni contcnias, quamuis ijs euiilens,
ac viile, c'^ miriliciiin pt;e>taiv . IcIkU beiulicinin. m<A inlra narrabo.

vol.. II. p ' p^,,.

Rr-ki M.ilirS
\r\ ir.iLibfr.

e.iliar.i-.
'I'luinu- .Vpos*
toll strj^ultutj.

5 'J

106

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

S. 1. Mandtuil

^- ■ u

erum cxercere.

IJolumin trm-
|)lo S3ricti AfM
toll ercctuin.

Quatrendum tn ^cT ceffas histofias habetur Ducem Danorum Ogerum conquisiulsac has terras, & in cxal-
kijtori*. tationc sanctarum Apostoli relliqiiiaruin fecixse fieri prffiUilam Hpcctactiicm Lcclcsiam, ac in-

tra, cum reponi in nobilissimo luciilo, gemmis, aiiro, argentoque decenter ornato Sancliini cor-
pus, ac deindepost annorum tempus trecentorum Aswyrios abstiilisse fercfriiin cum ipso cor-
porc sancto in Edissam ciuitalein Mesopntamia3, in qua & fuit martyrizatus secundum quos-
dam, rursumq; post scxaginta & tres annos reciipcratu corpus in suam iuisMe Ecclesiam resti-
tutum, videlicet in Calamia, afquc in ciiisdem rccupcrationis signiim certum diniiseruni isti,
& diinittunt extra ferciri loculiim depciidere brachium dexlrum, cum maiiu qua- tetigisse
crcditur pia rcsurgcntis vulnera Christi.

Eadem quoque maniis solct vsque hndie sua; vcrae pncnifcntiip tale manifesfare mirarulum

vt dum partes qua^libet litigantcs velint vtrirquc su.ns causas iurameiito confirmarc, conscrip-

II'"'."" J'™ Us hiiic indd causisponantiir aiiibo; cartulae in A])ostoli manu. Qua; cunclis || excuntibus Ec-

•JosJoIomh'ui.' tlcsiam, protinus sub vniiis hora' tempore reiecta longius falsitate, vcritatcm sibi reseruat:

scd nunc sicut dicerc ccrpi isti populi huic bcncticio Dei ingrati, & diaboiica illusione excat-

cati mirabilit^r pnganizant.

Nam & ill hac ipsa bcali Tlioma; Ecc'esia statiienint multa mirac inagnitudinissiniiilachra,
ex quibus vniim qu6d mains est mullo alijs apparct scdcns homo in alio solio adoperio aiireis
seriris, &' iapidibus prajciosis, habensquead cnliiiin suspeiisa pro oriiatii multa cinctoria prx-
cidso gfinmis, & auro contexta. Ad hoc aiitein Idolum adorandum confluunt perej;rini a re-
motis i)artibus, (S: propiiiquis, in satis maiori copia, & valdfi feriientiori deuotione qu;\m
Christiani, ad sanctum lacobum in Gaiizia, quia mullieorum per tntiim pcregrinationis iter,
Hon audcnt crigere palpcbras otulorum, nc fort^ propter hoc deuotio intermittatur.

Alij de proi)d venientes supcraddunt labori iiinerandi, vt ad fertium vel ad q-.iartiim pas-
sum semper cadaiit in genibus. Nonnulli quoque demoniaca inspirationesemetipsos per viam
pcregrinationis bnceolis, & culteilis nunc minoribus, nunc maioribussauriant vulneribus per
singula corporis loia, &: dum ante Idolum perueniunf, excisiim fnislum de came pro|)ria pro-
ijciunt ad Idolum pro I'fTercnda, ac plagis diirioribus se castigant, & quandoque !<pontanee
peniiiis se dccidunt: in sulemnitatibus ver6, sicut in dedicatione, Si sicut in thronizalione
siniulachrorum, fit conucMtU'* populi, quasi fotius Regni. Et ducitiir cum processione mains
Idolum per cirniitiim liiiilati-i, in curni |)recioiiissimo, modis omnibus perornato, & pnece-
duiit in Humeri) magno pueli.e canfanfes binae, cV bina; ordinatissimt;, succedit(|ue |)!uralitas
Musicoruiii cum inxtriiincniis varijs simphoiiizantes, quos coiilimii; subsequitur currus, cuius
laierihus coniungit se jieregiinorum exercit'is, qui & venerunt de remotis.

Ibiqiic ccriiitiir mi^craMlis actus \lira modum. Nam aliqui victi vltrA modum diaboiica
dciiotioiit j)roijriunt se sub miis currus pr.Tced'intis, vt frangantur sibi crura, brachia, iatera,
d()r»a, ncc non iS: colli in reuorciiliam Dei sui (vtdicuiit) A quo renumeratioiiem s]>erani,
venire ;k1 P.iradi-iiin Icrrcsticni.

r.l pnsi pr(Kes>^i(incin ,|i(i»i(|ii:im slaliicrunt Idolum in templo suo loco, multiplicatur co-
ram simulachris nuincni^ srrpc ]ilang«'ntiiim, iJi: occidenti 'innli.;\ quam credi sii Cacile. Iia
(jii'id (|iiaiidnf|ue in ilia xnica sulcniiiilaie iiiueMiiintur ducenfa corpora, vel plura occisorum.
Kt asstante!: propiiupii ami( i i;dium diaholi marlyrum, cum magna musicoruiii melodia decaii-
tantes in sua lingua ofleniiil 1iliili< (orpdra, ac demiim accenso ngo omnia corpora comburuiit
in lionorem Idoh.-iun, a-i>uniciiics sihi >iMgiili alicpiid de ossituis aiit cinerilnis pro reliqiiijs,
qiias p'.itinl -\h\ valiluia-i c nir.i quiililiet iiilortimia, iV tcnipcstatcs. F,t hahciur ante teni-
pliiiii a(nia' Iii(ii<, \eliit scruatoriiim j)is(iuin, in (pio proijcil populus largis'^inii' suas oblaii-
oiic-i, :iri,'<'iiiii. aurfi, gemma-, (vptios, & s'niilia, cjuibus niiiii'Iri ccrlis tein|)oril)iis exhiben-
tC' pmuidc'il !'.( ( lesiie, ac simulachro, ac sibi ipsis abiini':"'U'r. (inoddam r;ibuIo>,um s( riji-
liini I'xiuit per p:irl('-> iKwtr.is, qu"d in ])rii'dicla processione (irciimfi ralur cniiipheretro corpus
bcati Tiioii: L', (pii <.V in line pro(c<>ionis p^pulo coniinunicarct prujirijsmuiiibus de Euclia-
rislix ^atramcnto, scd non e>t ita, \ miixpiain fuit.

0«iJ'.int <p in
ho iOicm Iiiutj.

RpprrlifniJ I
bliUs vjigr.

cur

A P V T.

S. 1. Mandeuil

rras, & in cxal-
.cclesiam, ac in-
ifo Saiictiim cor-
m fum ipso cor-
scciindiim quos-
Ecclesiam resti-
n dimiHcnmt isti,
inu quoe tetigissc

pstarc miraculum
rmare, conscrip-
II cxeuntibus Ec-
cm sibi rcscruat:
:a illusionc i-xcae-

iidinissimiilachra,
() lulopcrto aiireis
Ita rinctoria prac-
intpcrcprini a re-

(Iciiotione qu;\in
•cgrinaiioiiis iter,
mittalur.

1 ad qsiarliim pas-
mctipsoa per viam
inf vulnorihiM per
larne propria pro-
idoqiic spoil tance
It in thronizalionc
proccssionc maiu'i
nrnato, & prtEcc-
:edit(iue pluralitas
litiir currus, ciiiu;.
s.

modum diabolica
ira, brachia, latera,
:rationcm speraiit,

nnilliplicatur co-
rcdi nit facile. Ita
;1 plura occisoriim.
iiin mclodia decaii-
cdrporaconibiiruiit
ribiis pro reliqiiijs,

hat)ctiir ante tem-
ris>.ini6 sua-* oblati-
inporil)iis exhil)en-
m t'alnilosuin si rij)-
iimpheretro corpus
inanibus dc Eucha-

C A P V T.

S. I. Mvideuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.
Capvt. 29.

107

De laua, & quibiisdam alijs mcridionalibus finulis & dc farina, inelle & pincibus

Ogcri Ducis Uiiiioruin.

iNdc vlteriiis proccdciulo in Austnim per multas & mirabiles terras qiiinquaRinta diianim Pr,)«iiio.jj.
diretarum spacio, liabetur magna Insula Lam >ri. lllic onines niidi inccdut, & fcrt^ omnia sunt "^^^^^
sin<nilis communia, nee vtunturpriiiatis clauibus snic seris, inio & omnes miilieres sunt com-
munes omnibus & singulis viris, dummodo violintia non infcrafur: sed & peior est ijs con- Humanij cami.
Muctudo. quod lil)enfi;r comcdunt tcniras carncs humanas; vnde tV ncgr.tiatorcs adferunt eis ^'^'J "j;™';^';^
crassos infantes venalcs: quod si non satis pingues aflcruntur, cossaginantsicut nos vilulum, »•,.

siuc porcum. . . .

Illc apparct in bona altitudine pnlus Antarcticus, & incipit modd apparcre ni alta Ly- Mjmicmiiiu
bia, ita quod in alta .I'-thiopia cicuatur octodcciin gradibus, prout ipse probaui Astrolabio. »"" "troiabio.

Ad meridiem terra; Lamori est Insula bona, Sumebor, cuius geiites reputant sc nobiiiores
alijx, sii^nantcs sc in facie certo cautcrio. Isti semper guerras gerunt contra pra;fulas gcntes
Hildas de I.amory.

Ad modicain inde dcstantiam habetur Insula Rolonigo abundans in bonis pluribua; scd & i„suU Rotm..8«
in Austruin seqiuuitur aliiu plures regioncs & Insula?, dc quibus prolixum narrarc fuissct.

Et est valdc grandis rcgio laua, habcns in cirruifu ambitum leucarum duarum millium. i.iua imuia,
Huiusrcx e-t valdi! potens, & inipcrans septcni insularum urinarum regibus. Terra isia est «,\",';([i,'„^^,^
poi)ulo-ia v:il<l^, c.'i: crescunt in ca species, & abundantia gingibcris, canclla, gariofoli, nucesinhui.
niuscat.T, & ln:l^li\, cum aromalibus multis. Sed & quod ibi nascalur viiuiin, non liabcnt:
aurum & argentiini est ibi in eopia inimensa, quod patet in regis lauaj palatio, cuius palatij
nobiiitis non est fa( ili- scribenda.

Cuncti gradus a>ccndentes ad palalij aulas, <!v' aularum cameras, & ad thalamos Camcrarum
suntsolidi de argcnto vel auro, sed & omnia stralura pauimcniorum in alij.t habetur ad simili-
tudinem seacarij, vnani quadratam argcnti, alteram auri, laminis valdi? crassis, ^S^ in ipsis pa- .
uimcntis, sunt exsculpta gesta, & historiiu diuersa-. In principali ver6 aula, e>t plenari^
cxpressa Dani Ducis Ogeri bistoria, i\ natiuitate ipsius, quousque in Franc i.un fantastii t; dicatur
reuersus, cum tempore Caroli magni regis Franci;e, ipse Ogerus armata manu conquisiuit viflotii Oj.ri
Ciirisiianilati fere omnes paries transmarinas ;\ lerosolymis vsquc ad arbores solis & Lunac, ^"'"^■""'
ac propi"> paradisum terrestrcm.

Pro hac Regione laua, (qua- tangit fines Imperij Tartaric) sibi subiuganda, Impcrator H'»'r«"i"<x'
Grand Can multoties pugnauit, sed nunquani valuit expugnarc. llinc per mare \enitur ad c"irid"ASJa'*
regninn |jThalaniass,v, ciiu^d & ||I'anchon dicitur, in quo liabctur magniw numerus bonarum *'''"'^°'''np'°'
ciuitatum. Intra banc Insulam, quatuor sunt genera arborum, de quarum vnaaccipitur Ian- aVfiThoio-
na ad panem, de sc( unda niel, dc tertia vinum, ^; dc quarta peshimum vcncnum. Extrahi- "Vf,''„
turaulem larina de suis arbonlnis isto motlo.

Certo tempore anni percutitur stipes arboris vndique prope tcrram cum securi, &: cortex
in loris pluribus vulneratiir, de quibus rctipifur licpior sjiissus, qui dcsiccatns ad solis a^stum
& contritus reddit farinam albam, ac si de frumento cssct cofectus, attamcii hie panis non est FatinaM.rbort.
frificei saporis, sed alterius \aldt! boni.

Simili mododc .suis arboribus mel elicitur, & vinum liquitur: cxcepto quod ilia non sicut
gramina prima dcsiccantur. Fertur qu<')(iue il)idem, extraclioncin huiiis farina;, mellis, & vi-
ni, per Angelum primitus liii.ssc ostensam prxdirto Danorum Duci, illic fame cum suo cxcr-
ciiu laboranti. Contra vcncnum quod de quarto arboris generc stillat, solum est intoxicate
remedium. vt dc proprio fimo per piiram aquam distempcrato bibat.

Et est in hi.c Insula quoddan' mare morruMm, velut l.icus foetidus, cuius in pleri'sq; locis
fundus humano ingenio non valet atlin-^i: nii.;o mngnifudinis arundincs crescunt super hunr .
lacuin, in altitudine cedroruni aut abielum pedum duiuu'rum, ita \t viginti socij mecum """i"'"-
nequiuimus vpi:.s caput iaceiitis anindinis subleuare dp terra. Minores ctiam arundines nas- *■ "',;|;;;t'^jji':
cuntur ad fluuii ripam, habcnies in terra radices hmgitudinis trecentorum cubitorum aut nlu- '"•ni«>uii,t:\ie

IJ O ■ mnt:isctia[B

* * riuni, osuiiui.

lit

-8-iFl

V '

^}l

108

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

•S". 1. JSImuhxiit.

■1 ^.^

t. 'I

t \

I Vrl Al.ll.il
liUl'hiiiK..

MjiiJcuiUi.

TfSi"Ji"t<
graiitlistimx'.

IVclCalTiUs.

riiini. All qiiariiin mulns nuliciim. iMiii'Miuiiliir udtiin.-i- prcciiiMi', Av <|iiil)iiH rvpcrtiim rst.si-
(|iiis viKiin halxiorit in piiniio mi<>, li'iriiin curpuri mi" non lUMfliit: viulc (.i (pii-. il)i |>ii<;iKins,
\w\M ailiKTsariuin, nc iniinictiin hnc ^einnui iniiiiituin a^^rcditiir cum < iiin luNtilnis nun

i'l'IT.lti-i.

I)e liac intraliir in Insniam || ('ai.mdili, iiia};nani iV nTi-rtain Ix'Monini (uniiiiiin. Hrx riiis
polon-i 0'«t niiilliim, i^ liciliim o>.| ri, qMaiuliK-uiimic, iS; (piil ii-lilici in rcjjni) vti Miulicribii.x,
lie «)iiilnis ii'.lrrduin niat;niim innncruni lend piicrornin. Milli' ipiadrin^rtos liahcrc solct ;ul
pr.TliaiKluni eliphanlcs, (|ncis >iiii nulriiinl villani pi'i* rcirniiiu. l'l<'|)liaMl<N vtuaiit \<"rko'4.

In litlorc maris niiracnli>sr xcniunt il>i »('nu'l in a"n<i, per trcs (•(inliniics dii-i, (|iia>i do oni-
ni gcncTo pi^rimn niarinorinn, in nia\inia alnnidaniia: tS; pnchcnt si' (ininiluc iilxTi" capien-
do- ad nianiiin. Nam & oun ip-c iipi (|nani|)lurcs. Vmli- iniiandum, (piod t.>ilc'm rrmporc
anni ipi" su|)i"rdiiia c\lrahiiin' l.irina, iiicl, iV \inuni, ((iniii'niiiiil in Iwc isii piscfn: (|iiu amlio
mirahilia Ifcit mid loiiipniT Dciis olini pnidiiicrc >iio Onirn, ipia' i"v in mcnioiia illiiis, \si|ue
nunc, >ini;nli-i anni- inti^ iianlnr.

\'.\ snni in Ikk- tcrrilcirin ir-iiidiiic- Icrriliili-i (piaiiliiaii-, /itijni" do in iiiiril)ii-. Hcni ac nobi-
libn- dclii'.ilii- ac prccin-n- ( ilni-: nu-nlii'r, si \w\\ (|ija-ilam il idem \idciim Icsliidinum con-
cha-, in (piarum \ n.i -c Ire- lumiincs dccullaiviil, sMnti|iic unincs miilluni allii toliri-..

Si hie \ir\\oralMs nmriiur, sopdiinr i^ wor \ nil i um co, (jiiaicnii-, sicnl il)i < rcdiinl, lia-
bcant cam stalim sociam in scciilo alicm.

(• A V V r. .*iO.
I)c Rcj^nis CvniH'cplialorum, & alij-t Insuli--.

PF,r marc ocoanniii puic-l liiiic \cniri in Insniam II Kall'a : <|iiicini(|nc ilii infirniari xidcturad
nmricm, sii-pcndiinr ad arlnrcm, anlcijuani moriaiiir, Ntinnial) immiindis Urra- vcrniihiis,
scd a cadi andiiis, (pij- rcpiil iiit Dei Annclo':, comcdalur.

In alia Insula la. iuiii siins iiilirnids ante mcrtcm ali ciliiciis in hue ni:.i;iiis canibiis stran^ii-
lari, mandncanu> in Kmiiiiiii) carnrs pro optimo Icrcido \ciralioiiis.

Intcrposiiis <pio(pic nndlis In-idis, di.' (piilni- sui)licco ;^ralia brciiilat;-., lial)Ctur Insula

[VdM.kkc ||Mvli<c. (N: liij vidcnuir omnium hominum crudclissinii ; Nam ijuililHl parliculariirr pro Icui

iSc modica siimulationc, \ulncrat, saucial, iVocddit, proximum, vii innm iSj aiuicnni : I'.i si

quando dissidcntcs cimti:;crit coiuordari, non habcbitnr pax rala, nisi tpii-ipic ilc altcriiis

sanguine bihcril l)iiiuun h.in-tnni.

Ilinc naiii^ando per nuillas \- diucr-as In-ulas, (pii in sjnuida- inirarc, I'v nioram trahcre
xolncril, stii|icnda mulla \iilcl)il, iV jioiciit \cnirc in Insniam 1! 'rracnidc.

lllic sunt honiinis ;il)-(pu' \ll(i inj;ciiio pcnitus b(--lialcs, scrjH'i.lihu-, MTmihusipic \c»ccn-
tcs, ncc iiuiiccm lnipicnics, scil coMcc|)lns -uds sii^nis iK: indii ij-- < -U luicnlcs. I)di .nnl |)ri'-
riosos lapidcs taninmmodo pui( liriliid ui- Lir.itia, non cau>a \iiliilis : iV super omncs \ nuni
diii^unl lapidiin halnMlem (iO. coluriim varii'laics, (pii iS: Tracoidis Noialiir propter l|»os.

Intraiur liinc per Occanum in renioncm Nicimorain, \el Naciimcrain, lialieuiem in cin ui-
tu -paeium niilje Icinarnm : omnes ilii j^enili homines habeni capita ad lorinam canum, \ nde
iV,; in (ir.Tco Cvnoecphali dii iinlur. Nii etiain incedinil liiidis corporiluis, cxccpio parni pari-
niciili (iperiniciilo, seen tiora i^ la iV piwiiTiora retro te'.;i nie. I! ili. iial)ilis tainen nudlinn
sinit ilii. i*t [ihirimuni \irliio-i, ac do onnii f. refaelo riuidam iiislitiam cxereenles. Sunt sla-
tiira cli!: I'lles, rohu-ti e rpire, in |)r.eliis lanceam < um icrLjia lata f;crcntes, \irihtir(pu', \-
BoulsaJa.uri!. prudeiiier ])iiir'iantes. Onnes pro deo ailoraiit Iioikmi, \ nde iV ipiijibet in Iroiiti- ar';entiaiu
sen aiirea 11 ■•imililudinem bonis delVrt, iV si ([ueni \iuuni in pralio ci'pirint, --iiie \\\:\ ini-
strati' nc UKinducant.

Hex \i\ultu'n est dines & polrtis, ac dciiotns in su|)eiNiitione. Nam circa collum jjestat
trecClas oiitntalcs mar_aritas, qinbns ipiotidie anl^ Konicstioncm orationessua-ci liii;it, (pient-
admodum iio, colliu;imns. Paler nostcr, \c. Ac pr.Tterea P' rtal ad collum j| nd)etiim orieii-
ta'e;M, nobilcin, puru'n, pulelirum, re-ji'ciuieiiteni. iV suniiiie pie.ioMun, ad loiiL;iiudiue:n
pcdi.s luimani, queai luibct dilii;enlcr »i.ruare, ijuod Jum to caret non tcndur pro Kei^e.

I'fo

I VaTrJctJa. \,,||

Iriul.i Nh

ITJ"I.l, \k\ N.1'

a I

tun

till

C(
C(

mi
in
<;(■
in

t', \

>. 1. JSInndcvil.

xpcrltim est, «i-
ui-> il)i |)ii<;iian.4,
n I'li^tibiis noil

mill. Hrx oiiis
) \li imilicribiis,
s luiliori' soU't ad
Muaiii vcrkc-*.
(••'. (|ii.i-.i (li- om-
lihi'i'i' t;i|)iiii-
I c.'tlciii Ic-iiporc
isccs: (|iiii nml)n
oria illiii>, vxjue

11^ lic^i M' nobi-
ii-.iiiilimini con-
bi coliri-..
I il)i ( ri'cliint, ha-

iliniati xidflurad
iirni- \ciiiiil)iis,

I caniluN >lraii;;ii-

•-, lial)»'liir lii>iila
ti( iilariliT |iri) Ifiii

iV amiciiiu : I'.l >-i
iii-(liic Ac alti'riiis

iv iimrani tralicif

II Inuili' aiiM'iitcam
iriiil, -iiio \l'a lui-

circa ('(ilium j;i>-lat
siia'>((Hifiil, qufiii-
m li riiht'tuni uricii-
1, ad IcimiiudiiH'in
idiir pro lU',t;i'

I'ru

S. I. Mamkuil. THAFl'IQUES, AND DISCOUKIUES.

Pro isto rarbiinrulo Grand Can Imprrator, per inRcnium, per insidiaa, ncr prcriiim, &
PIT pr.TJiu siv[ib lalinraiiit, sod niliij prolVcit. l'<'-t islam apparel insula S\ llan, liabpiis Icii-
cas (Ic- circuitii SO. (pia- paiicos habcl licmines im.pUT miilliludincm drai (.num. scrpcntiim,
rrorcdiiorum in »m. Sunt aiilim ( roi-odili ^pi-i-iaUN scrpcnlcs col .ris virM;ulalidc (lorro iV.-
ni'M-o, iiim (piiiltior criiribiis, iV- libii-* & talis pedum viifjulis. Alujiii horiim habcnt Ioii};i-
nidiiH-m <iuimi: U-nsarnni, aul citrA, (pii diim tciidunl |)cr arenosa relinqmint signiim scmitir,
aciii sil ibi lra( liw t^randis arboris iriinnis.

Itom in bar iii-iila liabciiir iiioih a'liis i"v: in siii vrrlico salis altiM i<v.- disicnius c";.- niagnus
a<|iia- 111 ii-i, dc (|no t Miiiti liomini's labuhnlur, qtu'id primi parcnlcs post cii'ilioncm su.im,
illain acjiKim |)rim('> lacrvmaucrunt. In biiius I'lindo l;i( us nascuntur marfjarifa-, iSc habrnlur
scmixT lapidc' predosi.' Solrnlqiio paiipcrcs tcrrii-, acccpla a Here licrnlia, scmcl in anno
iiiurcdi, ac pi-iaii m'mina-', (|iii inlranU's \ii.;;iimI m- succo I.vmonsa-, conlra liiriidincs, ro-
lubiiK, iS: scrpriilo-. Sn\ X dc lacii cITli.it riuiiliw per moniis dcscmsuni, in (|uo nonnim-
quaiii maj-^arii.e iiiuoniunlur, i.^ jicinmiu; dicuiit eliam ibi nullum M-ncnainm animal noccrc
ailuciiis.

Ibi vidcnlur looncs albi in niir.i ma;;nitndiiic bourn nostroruin, iV- innll.T diiirrs.-c bcstia',
ifv: aiirs, bcstiola', iV' auiiuhc ali inini ^pt-i icnim qiiam in partibus i-lis. Nam il i iV in iion-
nullis alijs insulis vidi \num minim, dc <pio prius \i\ credidisscMn narranli, videlicet anatcs
cum duobu- caoililnis

r.t sciati, <|ii()d lam liic (piani alil)i mere ajiparet salis altiiis suo liltorc, imo qui a rcmolis
a-pii il viilcl Mi^iien-iim (pi:i-i ad nubes. V.t dc hoc admiraius fuisscni, nisi (juod scriptiiin
jiciiii mirabili's elalioni's iiiari't.

C A P V T. ',') I .

l)e miiliis alijs !ii>iilis Mcridionalibus, do (luilnis i"v; I'liiiiiis, ^^L Mimstcrus.

VErsus meridiem hiiu' lerri'iido per mare, inuenitiir renio speciosa nomine || Doudin : cuius
rc\ im|)erat --eu jirincipalur .')!. re;;il)us in circnilu insularum.

Diiin (piis bi( intiniialiir loiulil pro\imu-<a(l idoluin xisciians an niorielur, & si respondit
lion, addil kS: diccrc niedii iiiaiii (pia iiir.iliilur : si autcni re«ponderit morilurum, stalini con-
uoiaiis .niiicis (iciiiliiur, \- cum >\mp' diiia, <S: scilcmiiii.iic coniediini eiiis carnes, ossa lan-
luiiiiiioib") -.cpclienli'-. In lii-ulis ^eio i ir( iiiiii.K i iitibus, liabcniur incredi iliiiT (liucrs.-c Ren-
tes. Nam \na babel lii.iniius eiiori'iis nuiLinilmlii.is, i uin xilo in medio Iroiitis oculo, qui
absfjue \ llo coiuiiiiiciitn iiiaiducai'.l larnes iV pi.M'('>.

Alia In>ula babel liciniiie-^ a-nn lu d( firpus, iiiiiil aiilein colli aul capilis ostendeiilcs, vndc
I'v: Acei'hali minctipaiilur ; ociili s aiilem Iiabmt ai;le ad scapulas, tV' in loco pectoris os aper-
luin ad fi rmam Iciri, cpio iiosiri caballi IV;eiiariliir.

In alii Insula sunt fieiiles planis faciebus al)-(|iie cleiialionc nasorum, & palpebrarum cum

paruis roraminilnis (Hiilorimi, \ si is>ura niodiia ( ris. I'.l in alia ;;eni(s cum superiore oris

labio il.i lalo tV,: aniplo, M, iliiai \eliiil, lolam r.iiii.ni de illo legaiil.

\l; I :. . • 1- •. :..'._ ....._,} ...i ..t:

109

Ali.i< fiirlc
y.clUn.

Crocudilr.

II Vcl DcuJtia.

Monoj^littiaU

Mtifm>.4t.

;'rnia', ni^i quinl liabeni pedes
. slia> cai)iant, ([uas ci'mediiiil, <!s; mandu-

Alia jiCiKiat lioiiiihi's |,aiiiii' staliini' cum oiis I'l r.. mine sic panio, v I ])':r /i--lul.is alimen-
luiii, i^v iioiiim siiinaiil, \- qiioniain c:n\'nt liiu.iia \ denlibus, nioiisiranl p^T naliiralia si<;iia

coiici ptiis. I!l ali(pii sii ,t lu inines del)il;e i|iiidiiii si iluia', iS. lo" ' • ' i ' •■' - — '— -

C(| iiuis, qiiiluis iia -lait pra-peles, \t svluc-lrcs
cant.

In alii lioini;ies ■ mil loii pilo i \- hispid!, \sii siiiii.iriim niai.ibiis \ pcdibiis aiiibillanles,
I*!: ad arlxircs rcjiaiitcs, (jui ([uamuis non K ipiunlur, a]);iarent ralionabiles, ijuia rcucni lia-
beni, vS: reel rcs.

lit in al. I ounes --unl claiuli, (|iii (piaaniis )h\'.(' : iiabeant, lamen ambulant super ijenua
iimlluin lidii 111 i>Cj iii'("> misorabililcr, \l de passu in passuiii \ idcanliir ca^uri in terra ni. Et
in (piulain, se\um lam m.isculiiiiini, ipiaii; lu'iiiininuiii luibeiiles, qui diiiu masculiiio vluntur
ner.i r.iiil, iliim ro'iiiiiiino, iiiipr, •;iiaiinii- ^S: paiiiinl. AU|;, \l in compindio niiilla (diicliidam,
in sinjfiili.s jl, iiisulaiuiu iniit iiiunliir liomines, lornia, slalura, aclibus i>; moribus siii;;iilis ah

iniiiccm

H.tmaiiliro.lit.r

•It
lit

* J

■»•»'
'%

110

Not I.
Aiiilralit Uti*

tU4to .1,1. iJt.l-

diiimi i6. niinu'
torum.

H»f Mat Era-

tosthriiii cu-
ll ut it K).

VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandtml-

intiircm diflTcrentPs, do qiiiluH pdi'^t lirri dfNcripiio, iiuain porlraiHCn gratia breuitalis &
caiisa iiirrcdiilitatis I'orii! qiu'iinulam .uidieiui'im.

Ill \*U* aiilem iiitTiilioii.ilil n- |)artil>iis a|)|iarthat iiii'i ciciialio p li Anfarrtici 3.'{. gradiifi,
CD l>». ininiili><. \'A scii'iulii (|iii)(l in I5i>lifi]'ii, ^ilnilill^ & in An^lia cic^nlur poIiH Arcli-
ciis .V2. j^Milibus vfl cilra; Et in ij.irlibns ii,a»is scpti-n'iidnaiibii^, vl)i stmt Scoli (Vi. j;radi-
bus cum quatnor ininiilis. Ex i\\w jiatct iT-picicnilo ad latiliidinoin cn-li, ([na- r^t dc poln
ad pdliim, cpind itini-ntid mca liiit prr ipi niiiin Hori/.ot in splierx- tirriL- iV vltia, per quin-
qui' jjradus, cum 'iO. minntis. Cum ergo seruiuluin Atfiolofjos, IdIih tcrrir rirciiilus sit
.'il.iOO. milliarium, (x lo siacbj-* pro niilliario runiputaliH, i*i: spptinf'nta sta<lia rcspondtaiu
ad viuiiu ;{ra(lum, quod p:it«'t ad lalitudincin terra-, prraiiil ulaui (KiJo,'. stadia cum vno tcr-
tio, qua; faciunt 4170. Icucas Gcumelricas ciuii dinudia \ci prop^.

A P V T.

32.

Tiiat incrfduti.
tatcm hnminum.

fl Vfl Mingi.
DfKripti.i
M.ing) uri

Clnii.r.

I'«iut lit Cli.na
mriidiu.
Chintnlft raro
piUiii ii> ba..'i5.

I Sine I.atrtyn.
Chinrtises ulim
Cliiiituni.

Aunt liuiuimodi
etiam tjnri in
liidiauiLiJrntjIi,
trite Prtrfi Mar-
lyre 111 Uccadf
bus.

C'ansav, vrl
<|^uiii>ay, * iiul
detcnjitio.

ViTiumChinrnse
il'prllaium ill-
Jun.

I)c bona Rpjjionc || Man cluis.

r\'m i.:;itur tot & talia in istis Insidis vidimus niotiHira (ipia; si r^pli<-arrm scribcndo vi.t
h loiii'niilnis omnia ( rcdorpntur) non ciirauinuis vltrriiH pro* i-fU'rc sub polo austrdi, nc in
mail ra pcriiula incidcrcmus: scd propter aiiditam \' innisam noi)i>4 lainosiiatc-m poti'iitia-,
imbilitalis, & ;;lori;r Impcratoris Tartarorum, xortdiam facirni ciim sixijs naui^are maf^is
M'rsus Oricntrm. t'uiiique per uuiltxi diu'tas Nii.stinuisxMinis niulla prricula maris, pcruciii-
nius in Kc>:iium |{ Manrhiis, quud est in confinil)iH supcrioris Indiu*. & i.i ^it irab vna parte
Tartariie. Ilxr Rcj;io Mancinis, pro sui qiianlitatf rcputatur mclior, di-!e('tal)ili(>r, & om-
nium l)onorum abundantior de <unitis ibi propi: Hi'^ioniiius. Nam i*. lomincs, brstia<, &
M)lurrcs maiorcs iV' corpulcntiorcs sunt alijs, & prjp \btTtalc \i\ inurpircntur in vnaiiui-
taie doccm hii'iidic i. Fonno.si sunt \iri, scd li'iniiui' fonnosinrcs. Scd viri loco barli.a", ba-
bciit pcrpaucos pilos, rij;ido.s, iV longos ab vtraquc ori.x p;irtc, cpiomadinudum nostros vide-
mns catto* habere.

Prima quam injirrdicbamur ( iuitas c*x \\ Lachori, distans vna dicta ;\ mari, & mirabamur, &
Sauisi sumus nos inucni>bc intc^ram < iuitatem Clirisiiaiia.' liilci. N.im tV niaior pars Hegni
credit in Christum.

Ibi habctur in icui prci ii> copia rertim omnium, &: prfrcijiut^ vittualium: vnum genus est
bi scrpcntiim in abiindaiiiia quod manducant ad omn»- '■unuiuium, iV ni>i pro tinah t'crculu
ministrarrtur dc iliis 'crpcntibus, ronuiuium qui'tm mc "luiim diccrctur.

Suntquc per hoc rcgnuin plcra'C]; ciuitatcs & Ecclcsia-, 8c rdbgioncs, quas instituit dux
Ogcrus, t|uia hoc c^t vnum de quindccim regnis qua; quxsiuit, sicut inira (jicctur.

Iliic sunt elegantes albrc gallinu', quu; noii vcstiuntur phimis vt ii' str;u, sed optima lana ||
Canes aquatici, quos nos lutras nominamus, sunt ibi multi cdomiti, quixl quuties inittuntur
in tinmen, cxportant domino ])isccm.

Ab hoc loco per aliquas di;clas, venitur ad huius rcgionis maximam vrbcm Cansay, hcc
est (licere ciuitatem ccrli, imo dc vniucrso orbe tcrr.irum piitatur ha-c maxima Ciuitatum ;
nam cius circuitus 50. Icucis est mensiis, ncc est facile dicere, quam ( ompress^ a quampluri-
mis populis inhabitatur. Hut >.rdet in lacu maris, qiiemadmodum, & Wiulia-' & haben-
tur in ea plurcs quain mille duccnii pontes, & in (piolibet liirrcs mir.T magiiitudinis,
a(' foriitudinis, munitie peruigili cuslodia, & pro \rbe tueiida contra Imperatorem Grand
Can.

.Mulii sunt ibi Christian!, & mult.T Rcligionrs Christianorum, scd & de ordinibus Minn-
rum, 8c pradicjitorum, <pii taincn ibi non mendicant; est magna i)luralitas ex diuersis na-
lionibus Mcrcalorum. Per Itcgioncm nascitur vinum valdc Ixmum, (piod appellatiir Higon.
Kt ad leuca extra ciuitatem, .\l)l)riiia magna est, non <lc rclligione Christiana sed Pagana: &
in ea i'orristum, siue hortus niagnus Midiquc circunuhisiis, (onsitus arboribus, 8c arbustis, in
cuius ctiain medio moiis, alius simul & l.ilus, habcns hurtum \l)i solum iiihabiiant bcstiola'
mirabiles, sicut Simia', marmoia', Lanbun, pajjioiics, I'oreti 8c huiusmodi ad varia 8c mulla
genera, 8c ad numcrum iidinitiun.

Omni

/ ^f^n<^euil■

ia I)rciiila(i4, &

(tiri 3li. grudiiTi,
iir point Anli-
Scoii (J'2. jfraili-
iiiv ot (Ic poll)
vlti'a, per quill"
•rrir rirciiilii.s »il
iilia rcspoiiriiant
ilia cum vnu tcr-

S. I. Mandcuil

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

m scribcndo vix
(> aiisinli. Ml* in
iiatfin poti-ntia-,
s nauigare inagi.i
) maris, prriiviii-
;it ir al> vna parte
i'tal)ilii>r, & oni-
iiinc>i, bcsiia", &
[*iitiir in vna i iui-
i loco barlj.T, lia-
liiin noiiiroM vidc-

& iniraliamur, 8c
major parii liegni

: viiiirn genus est
pro tinali fcrculu

()uns instituit dux

(iicctur.

si'd optima lana I

(piuties inilluiitur

rl)iMn Cansay, hoc
la.xiina ('iiiilaliitn ;
■i'sm"' a quampluri-
■niti.T : & lialicu-
lir.T inagnitudinix,
ipcratoriMn Grand

c (iriliiiil)us Mino-
tas I'x iliiicrsis na-

nppt'liatiir Higon.
iia M'd I'agaiia: h
bus, 8c arhu-ti-:, in
nl);il)iiant bistiiilii-

ad varia & nuilta

OuMii

Omni autem die post rerectionem conucntu« Abbatiar, qui est \Mb monachosus, dcferun-
tur rcliquio! ciborum cum magno additainento, in vasis auro luccnliluis ad liunc hortum:
& ad Honitum campana- argenti-ac, qiiam Elccmoiynariii!* manu gcHtat dcsrcndcntcs, & oc-
ciirrentcH dc bcstiolin duo millia aiit piurcs icse componunt rc-idcrc ad circulum more pau-
pcrum mendicorum, & traditur singulis per seruos aliqiiid dc his cibarijx, ac dciui6 audita
campana scgregando iccurrunJ: Cumquc nos tanquam rcdargucntcs, diccrcmus cur haec
non darentur egcnis, rcspondprunt, illic pauprrcs non habcntur, quod si inuenircntur, po-
tius taincn dari debcrcnt bcsiiolis. Mabet cnim eorum pcrfidia, & Paganissiinus, aninias
nobilium hominum post mortem ingrcdi coriiora nobilium bcstiarum, & aniinas ignobiliinn
corpora bcstiarum ignobiliinn & vilium, ad lucnda videlicet crimina, donee pcracta pa;ni-p»i,a opinio d.
tenlia ti-aseant in I'aradisum: idooque nntriunt, prout dicunf, has nobiiiorcs bcstias, ''iue J^'.™'™",.'""*'
besiiolas, qu6d a (piibusdam nobilibus rundahatur in principio hxc Abbatia. Multa sunt alia
mira in hac ciuitatc, dc quibus sciatis, quod non omnia vubis recitabo.

C A P V T. 33.

De Pygmxis, & dc itinerc vsque in prouinciam Cathay.

EVndo per Ilcgioncm candeni >i dicta ciuifatc Cansay, ad sex dielxs venitur ad nobilcm
vrbcm II Tvlenso, cuius muri iier circuitum tendunt ad spaciuin 20. || Icucarum: & sunt 6(). P, y''?^""'"*
pctrini ponies, quibus iiullos memini pulchriores.

In ista fuit prima scdes rcgiii Mangi, ncc immcrit6, rum sit munita, delcctabilis, &
abiindans omnibus bonis, ac deindc in prcdicta Cansay, nunc autem tenctiir in quadain alia
ciuitate.

Nota, quilibet ignis soliiit qiiolibrt anno vnum balls pro tributo, quod valet vnum florcnum Triiiutum.
cum diinidio, srd omncs famuli de domo vna |)ro viio igne computantur; siimina ignium irj. '•''"'"""""'•
butalium, octie^< rentiim millia. lieliqiii vcrii Christiani incrcatorcs, in isto vico non coinpu- Coriavictuaiiutn
lantur. Copia est ibi victualiuin. m Chim.

Qu.itnor fratres ininorcs vnum p<ifentem conucrtebant apud qucm hospitabar, Sc qui duxit Hoipiiium
inc ad .\l)l)atiam istam, ibi villi scilicet «iuod hie narratur. cli"!!''"'"' '"

Ad lines itaqiie regni .Mangi transitur grandis fluuius dc |{ Dylay, mains flumen mundi, vbi U Vei deDeUy.
striciius est coiiiiiiet septem miliaria. O.lericus; cuiu-* alucus in loco districtiori continet
qnafuor li'ucas. Et ex hoc in brciii tcmporis spacio intratiir Impcrium Tartarorum, bcqucndo
tluuiiim v«i]ne in terram I'ygnieorum, per cuius medium transit.

Hi.j I'ygniei sunt homines statiira brcucs ad longitudinem nostri brachij, sen triiim maniium pygmai.
cxiiansnriim. Tam mares qiiam lemiiia; formosie, & gratios.T, & vinunt coinuniter .id annos
sex vel sepleni: si qui pirtingunt ad octo, mire piitantur senectulis. Ad dimidiam anni
.Tlafeni niibere pns.unt, in secundo anno parturiunt: rationales sunt, & sensati iuxta ,Ttatem
pusillain, ac satis ingenio.-i ad opera de serico, & de lana arboris. ErequeiiliJr prxliantnr
contra aues graiides patri.e, exercililnis congregatis hiiic inde, & lit sir.ages vtriniquc. Ha;c
gens tam p:\nia optiini- operatur sericiim 8c bomliycem Isli I'ygniei venerunt niilii obuiam
thorizailo. Non laborant terram, pnedia, seu vineas, sed inoraiuur inter cos nostne quanti-
tatis homines, ipii eos incolunt, sicut serui, quos 8c I'ygm.ei sicpe derident, quia sunt ipsis
maiores: & quod ipse non ccsso niirari dum ilicti homines in ilia terra gener.iiit \cl pariunt,
non crescil pr ics Mipra Pygmiei staturani: Insula non est jiroteiisa, sed Iciric \'i. ciuitafum. .Mincuium.
Quarmii vna est grandis, & bene munit.i. He quam Grand Can I'acit cum lortibiis armaturis
curi' si- scruari, contra rcgeiii Mangi.

Iliiic proceditur per liniH-riiim Grand Can, ad multas ciuiiates, 8c \illas niorum mirabiliter imfcum
diuersorui'i, vsijiic in regiunn lamchati, quod est vnum ile I i. prouiiuijs niavlMiis, quibus ''••"■"""""
di^liiigiiitiir totum Imiieriiim T,.rtaroru;n. fZluTX?

^ , ,. . . , p"'"'" i-^.rt..roru:n. i;.;;;?:;;;;^::

v'.. .''"" S'.""'"''* "'"""' Iffgxi "cu l'rouincia[> dicitur Iam<han, alniiulaiis inerrinionijs, i*t '""'•

iiiiiiii|s i,,!!:ii|j>, & niiilta pne-tan- proprio He^i irilniia, quoiiiam sicut ilii de ciuitatc laten- nobiiii,
fur, valet a.i.iu^ regi (|iiini|Mg.iita niilia cuinan (loiei;ori:m auri.

Nota. In lamthau ciuitaie e^t coniicntus IVatruiu minjrum: ia hac -sunt trcs !•>( Itsiic Mo-

nastcriorum:

lanicli.m CluiUl

I
I,

fi;

Ill

VOYACrs, VAIMCATIONS,

S I. Mundtuil.

Summ tti''iili
vniui C'luttali).

Cnilt.ii Mike.
M.ikint.« ti.iiui.

I Slur l.intcnit.
I Vil Cue.

ItlUIUII.

Cithiy Cil.iv
priiui|u)it ) lo-

UIIUIJ.

• Eitgirmigii.

Vilitiiirnci.
Vtl t'imhjii.k.

CiMlj tiuiiat.

na'«tprii)riiin ; rcdilin Hiinul a-.coiulit :iil I'i. ririiaii. ()il( rini'*, \'iiih riiman r^t ilorpm iril-
liiim. Siinnna Irllmii aumii, (|iiiii(|ii ijjm.i iiiilln ini|!iiiiM IT irrMrnm, \>\ \\\'\* iia'-qiir par-
lil)iis ii):i){iKH iMiiiicroniin mimiiim^ (-linui il |ut ('iiin:iii, iiiinicniiM 10. iiiilliiiin ([iii H in I'la-
ininivi (licitiir laiic

Ad (|uiii(|iic Iciicnt ah liac liiiii.ilc •'"I all i ilii 1 1 Mcl.i-, in qua liiint ilc qiird md all)ii-.iiiii
/zciuTc li<{iii iiaiu'H inaNiinit' I'liiii aidU fc ihaliin)i'<, w iiiiilii-i adilii'ijs lanqiiaiu I'alaliiiin
li'lliin- riiml.itiim.

Iiidi' per idiin rci^niim ad \I.iin oclo diflanim pi r atni;iiii diilirm, mullat prr riiiitatrs,
& bunas \illa-i, Neiiiniii- !| ! iiulioriin, (OiIoi'u'ih Mpprllai |.(M>iin,) vi'bcm (ormi am o|)iim-
qiii- inauniniin, sii.irii ^iipcr (liiim-n iiiauiuim |l C.ii annTaii. II f lliiim-ii Iran-il per incdinin
C'allia\. ciii aipia iiilcrl daimiimi, (pi:iiidia pi'inini ia ot nuiltnin disimM, :i(' pi /ii.i i iuii.iiiliii'<, U oppidi(pu' ii'lVila n\ci( iiiuinij-*, niisinii' Mrir. -is dpciiliU-, iV arninalui*
►pc(i( l"M«.

Nauinnido pi'rditlnin llnnu'ii mtsus Oiirnlcn, \ iiiiicr:inili> jii'i" iia if ("alliny pmnitK iam
ail Mitdia- ditla« ptr |>lurinia- mIun \ villas, vcnitiir in ciiiil iicni • ,Siii;ariiiaj;ii, aliinidan-
liiircni iinnilinsin men t-nioniis aiil('di<'lis, ijiiando -criiiint ('"t Ini' \ilisiiinnin . (piadra^^inla*
libra' liabcniiir ibi pnt di-cJMU (Inrciiis.

All liac 1 iuilali", iiudtis ( inil.ilib. s pcrrgralis MT-n» Oiii iiltin. \ciii a I ciiiilalcni (".inibaln,
<pm' I'si anliipia in priMiim ia ('allia\ : llanc pn.Npiani Tarl ;ri ( cpi iiinl, ad dirnidiiiin iniliarc
rcccrunt sn.ini I initalcn) iiiiMiini' Cavdii, S: balu't diiodci iin porlas. t'v ;'i p rl:i in purlani duo
sunt <;rii-'a n\ili.iria l.ninbanli) a, -pai iinn inter nicilinni i-.tannn i iuilatiun b.diitaloribiis pic-
tuiM) est. \ liniiiliis cuiuslibi-i i«tarinii ambit liO. iniii.iria I.'im!>.u\lii'.i. >p>^c latiinit i<t Id Ten-
liinira.

In liac ciuitalc Camb.dn risidct Imprraior .M:M:iins ("an, Il,'\ l!<"L;um tcric^lrinm, iSc Dimii-
mis Diiiniiinnim tirri'-triiiin, .\l(pn' imli' \Itcnii-. in Oiiinlcn) inlf.itiir m'Ius \rb<. ( .ndn, \bi
cciinmnnitiT ti'iiiM siiam scdcin Impi'riali'in (irand ("an in smi p.ilatio, .\mbilii« aiilrin
\rbi- Cavdo, t>t \iuinti bri' liiuaruiii, duodoriin liabciis pnrias a sc di»tantrs iimplii'is (pi.nn
."•ladia ^4.

(■ A V V

;(K

! r

PaUtii Imj'fra-
tdrn (Ji.ii.d C'jn
drs^rijtiti.

Dc pali.itio Impir.ii ri- (ir.iiul Cm.

I'alatiiiin Impcralnrls (irand Can, qiidd (-.t in Cisda {iuit.iio, continrt in ciri uitii prcpnj
ivmrali- vllr.'i dii.i-. Kncas, iS. Mint in en aula' ipi.nn pbiris, in Inrma iHibilc-, \ in mati-ria ik -
bilicircs. AnI.i anlcm scdi-, t\\\;v c«t ina\lnic r.itcrariim, liabct iiitriii>«'( ns pro sni sn«ti'nla-
lii)iu" '-i4. irrca-. riltimnas I'i.cias iipcrc liisi.rid, dc atiro piiro, \ oiniics p,irl( Ic- .ib iiitu-. (>|)rr-
tas pcllibus qiKiniiidam animaliiiin, (jiia- Ndcanliir I'anlhciTs; liii- smi^nimi -iml ((dmi-, \
ita rcini< antes, mSoIc dc-iipcr rclurcntc, \i\ ociibis vali'al lumiainis siillcrro splcndnrcin,
taniaqiR- franaiitiiv, \t ilii a|)pni\im irc mm po-scl acr inl'ci lii«. siidc iS: ist.i opcrtiira p.iric-
tiim a|)prct iaiiir >upcr t( ;:m( ii anrc.inim lamiii.iriim.

N inupic stnitornm aliipii I'.i'jam.rnm biiiii-iMndi adorint animalia propter rolcriim, odi-
n'iii.<|iic virtulcin. I'ropo»ui rctr.ilurc ( al.iiiuim ,'i dc st i ibcnd.i tiipbilitatc, ^;iibcrnatii>nc, \
niiiii-trai'itiii li-cfiuciilia, .itcp c liiip.i'.itcris niai;nili( cnti.i : allamcn <piia (Trpict;o, propter
■ iiK irdnl(i«, v\ iie>( ios, ac inenidibiie-, iiom diinitta:n in toto. (JuidiiKpie eiiim i ihil crediiiil,
iiiliii sciunt, neqiie erudiri iio^sniit, .Scriptiira 'e^tanfc, si iioii eredidcritii non iniellij;el!-.
l)iioerj;(), iV vcre dieo, (piod in hiiiiis aiii.'c eapile sit ilirnmis, vel sedes Imperialis, exeel-ii..
& einiiiens in aseensu yiadiiiitn <pianipliiriinn, in quo rO'-idere sole! in |)lenaria niaie-tatc. in
mill- ibroni Into eorpore nibil ajiparei ininii- iiobile, aiiro, niarjrariiis, i;emniis. \ lapidib; -
prei io-is. Sin^'idi ^ladiis -iiiit de siiifiulis, ae inter ■■e dinersis maL'iii- lajiidilMis, vtpote |ir:-
mii'" de ll.emali-iii, a in- di' S.irdi". h alius de Chrvsolito, \' -ie v-qne ad •.npremiim ;;radiuii,
qui siiij;iili ad lorinai:i miiisque ;j;radus sunt eireumiiisi, \' tlukoiio opere (iniiali, aiim solid. .

& mill!-

S' T. MinJiiiil.

(••>( ilncin mil-
Hit ii:t'"qiir |>ar-
iin ([tu H in Vh-

I'll III! :illii'<' iini
)u]uiii> I'.iialiuni

IM". per (■iiiii;it(N,
Inrnii im ()|uim-
iM'-ii |)( 1° iiu'diiim
iTiii.i. Miniix ill
I'.iri iriii', (III lain
£: (<|)|>i(li4 bonit,
>, &: ar«iiiuliri«

itlmv pnnrmiiain
ii'in.i'.'ii, iiliiinilan-
iin . (|ii:Klrai;iiila-

iiil.ilcm Ciinlialii,
tlintiiliiiin iniliai'c
ri:i in pnriaiii iliii
li.iliilalnriliiii plr-
lariiillt ('(111 Ti'ii-

c^lriiim, iS; Ddiiii-

iis \rl)>i Cindii, \Wi

.\ml'iiii"> .iiilcm

itpt ;mi|)iiiii (|iKMii

in ( irc iiiiii proprri
i. \ in maiiTKi m -
iw pro Miii «>u»tonl;i-
i( ic-. all iiiliN opcr-
iK i -iinl ( elm \-, iV
illi'iii' splcndorciM,
jsia i>|UMliii'a p.iric

pier roliriini. odn-
!•, j;iil)crii:i(it>iu', \
( rrpi ri;i>, pruptcr
ciiiin I'iliil jTtdiiiit,
lis lion inU'llincli-.
Iiniirriali", cxcrUnv
ilciKiria iiiaic-l.ilc. iti
;cinnii'«, \ iapiililv,^
i|)ldil'ii>', vip'itc |iri-
•.ii|)r('iiiiiin ;iradiiiii,
• linnali, :wn> Miluli .
& ii.l.il-

S. I. .yTivutcttil.

TnAFriQuns, and DiscouF.nins.

113

«c niliili'iiiiniix p'^'r Kiiprrflcicm anri. di-iintfii ncininaii. flnnilt'rqiie incliml Inpill! carl, cum
(irifiiialil)ii^ Marj»,iriliN, •lUininiiaH autt-m cum (crciilo rcsidcniiir in noliiliiaU' ox( ixioiiii. ^:
('abrirailiira .ipt-ris lam diiicrsa iM, & iiiira, vC pariiilatem mci iiiKcnij oxccdat, qiiamobrcm
& ci trdd, vlifrii'iMqiip prorcdti.

Ad Impcraf"*' - nini-tlraiu gradii vii" ba-dtior, est ncdfn mirc priiiin< coniii^iH, tola dc iatpidi-
Imih auni circunv wi-, tfc in »iipci(i(ii' "ula- distimlir gcinmiihi- ciini jjianellis rode -rlu-malc,
tc Himilili-r ck i -pidc. Scd adiiiic Niil)mi><-<iiir vnii gradii vM Hcdcx toniuKis HtTiiiidfr, iicc noii
& sub ilia w^.n^ Icrtin". Nam In-s pniprias Hccum habct vxorct, Odt-riciH dicil, ittas diia-*
(■(inriibina'H Iliiiupic rcsidonl sub UTiia loniimc nobilcs mulicrcs dc Inipfraioris pnincnii-.
iu\la illii^irijin viiiusriiiuNquiv

Kt luilamiiim, (pi(^d per lolnm patriam ninfjula- mulicrc* mnriiatap, vl intcllij{antur inariti*
mibii ( i.T, & \t discprnanliir ;^ sdluii-*, j-csiaiit iniapilis huminilatc Nimilitudimm pi-dit \iri,
l()ii;iilU(liiiis brachij fit dimidij, quadani li-ui lualrria opt-ralani ; vidcliict luibiU'i dp scrico.sis
opcriliii" paniuiruni, scu alijs uris fie pulihris paniiix, fie prci ioxin lapillis, fie ignubiliN iuxia
Nialiiin suuni dc nialeria ciininiuiilori.

Ad dtxirain vcn** scdcniis bii|)(Tal"ris viid J^radll Huliniissim rcsidci priind^cniiUH ciutt filius,
fie sub ip<ii> l>^diual^ in cdiiHiiuilibus scdibiH nobilcs pi'dxiini dc cognitidnc Itnpcriali.

Iicin sii|)i'r ihrdiiiini fie dcsiipcr ante ipsiuM ilirdiii Idcuin, tanquani pro rclalo scu nprri-
nicnld ill lliriiiid rcsidciiliiini, ^ roruiii niiiHlranliiiin, est cxlcnsa siinililudo \llis opcrala in
paliniiibii'^, \ paiiipiiiis, dc aui'd purn ad cxlcii-innciii cubiidriiin (luadra^inla, |>cr (piadriim,
at(|uc per cam dcpcndcnici boiri vuarum dc f;rmniis, fie (.'raiicllis (|uiiiqiic ( olonim, qunrum
nlbi Mini dc clirisiillo iS: bcryllo, i^ irisirocci dc lopa/.io iSc fulud chrisialld, rubri dc rube*
foniMi niani-i, (diallo, iV .ilibundiiiis, \iridts di Siiiaraj^di.s, pyrojiit, fie chry.sojylis, nigri,
dc ciiiic liiiiis, yaticlis, \' jjcralcris.

I'cinpdrc prandij in l)a( aula, linpcrnlcr ^: biipcralri( cs, & quisq; dc prirdirtis habct
iiM'ii-aiii sjbi sdlani, qii.irum vilior pni iialcl ihcHaurd urandi.

Ill ■.diciiiiilatibiis jidnilur iiiciis.i Inijicraldri dc r \(iuisild clc( tro, scu dc aiiro cxaminald,
disiiiK la dianunililius, & iidbis i;:^iioiis in (oniparabilibiis gcnimis, (|iiaiid(Hpic dc c lirisiallo
p<'rspi('ud, scu crocro, ( ircuiiuiusa atini cum ^cmmis : tpiandf'xpic dc Il.Tmalisio, (piaiido-
|uc dc cborc caudidd, \cl riibicundo ; inicrdum dc lij^no arliliciosc cdmbiiiahi, (pidd dcsccn-
il per llumina dc I'aradiso. Idciii dicil Odcricus.

liis mcii-is aslaiil Itarmics, \ I'riiicipcs pro \asallis allcnU'' in siiis oflicijs miuislranlcs,
<|iidiiiin IICC Mills I'iniiUTc Ncriiiim aliipia piicsumil audacia, nisi Inipcraiorc aiiiiucnlc, \cl
ad ilium IcKpiciiic, illis dutaxal cxccptis, (pii ccriis iiiicrspaliJH camiiil, aul rccitant dc priii-
ripiiin f-cstis.

r.l iKJ.iiidiim, quamlii in lice solio Maicsiatis dirbus •.dlcnnibus reside! Iinpcratdr, siibsi-
dcrc ad pedes ciiis ncilarios cpialuor, (pii omiic (piod Ddiiiiiuis luquilur, sin^uli ponuni in
scriplis: nam quddi'uiKjUc liiMC c\ (ire illius ei^rcdiiiir, iieces>c est esse, vcl cflici, ncc valet
item ipse verbum snum imil.irc, nee rciidcirt-, nisi ma}j;no cdiisilid cdnudcalo.

N'liiucrsa Nleiisjlia (|iiil)iis in -dli nnilalc ad has scniiliir inciisas, siinl dc nobilibiH petrin
aurd ri( liisi-, Cx plii dc Smar.iL;(li«, vcl Sajili) ris, idpasijs, p\ rdpis, -iiic ;jrvdi)liis : & priun-
liiriiuis (lifbus, deauri) probaio ciiaiii in ( aincris, \- ciibi( uiis, ncc repulalur ibi claritaiiar-
^^enli, iii«i pni |)iiariis, ( (ilumnis, uradibu-, iS: pauimcniis.

I-iiiis :iutein iisiia aulic, diiin in ea reside!, aul dc.inibulit Impcrator, mulli Raroncs in-

ben^ ver-
ve! habita-

coitiu^li, linj>cr4«

iiirii.

N'dci lonluiill

Siiriiim lulilrcrU
i.nnnorumiiiU

rrtmufenili Inw
{)t-r.il>jni tilij
lejri.

','rc>«iim »cruanl iiitciiiO-, iS: iic iimen lan'.^alur, <|Udil In c luibcrenl ]iro ,iui;urid, iv:
licr.ir(iur. ijiiia Inipcralorc pi.c-cnie, nemo nisi addui lus in ipiacunquc camera, \
lidiic iiili' inillilur, ddiici iiilciTd;;alus iu^seri! Inipcraldr.

I.aiitiiiliiiein luiiiis IJasilic-i' M-iiino ad ^paliiim dc ineis pedihus reiilum, & lon<;iludincm
\llr.~i (pialiidr (cnlum. In ( ubiculo auiem ltc;;is ddrinildrid, tonsial vnus pillarius, sen co-
liimiia dc aiiro sdliilo iS: carlmnculus Cdiulusiis in illo Idii^iludinis jicdis \iiius, tdliim liabila-
1 iiliiin (Ic iidctc pcrfiindciis luminc clard, llic jirdUl ef;o noiaiii, non csi |)lcn^ riibcus, scd
Miliruliis, cpn-i Kiioris Maiiiaiisiini. I'drro in vna aularuni, ( irc.\ medium |)alalii, est alius
11^. Odcriii.s iliiii pigma, super (|uem dum placel, slai, vcl rcsidct bnpcralor,

Man<li<uillM

mrnsuisuit ait>
lim Itnj'rrjtuirj.
( iltnitiLuUii
rirtpknilcii}.

iC,

» \cc
Id

■Us a-'Ccii
II.

ditissiini:

.: 1

' 'It '

114

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandiuil.

pibt;

;m inMir

ni.i. I'l

Ofi'idi.

Pro In

Jsi irtcl-

lu<t-t

|-nntit<>-

r Ir ..

iSIX[V1t-

b^Jui.

M.iiidruiltus
yvx si'aciitni If.
mtiiiiiitti mil.ti-
ml (Iraiiil '.'.in.
Vi\,lin (.•..■■,l)i.
lit uit)U3 3iini>.

8fx .Mima)] fi
muliiiiim.

m.l)l ojiillnril.
Di'Ctiii Cumjn
ffdiluni,

Mrdict Clir«i-
4ni 1 ^. ;ii ..uli

V'luii C innti

CKllllllCt lliCflll

millM, vt 111
• »!■■ .VI-

M.itirti iV

v'uno Vhl [lapyTu,

•iiatlior ft'lj.

ditissimi etiam opcraliw, ex auro, ijcnimLs, baccis, marnaiiii'), & lapiilibus raris, & in qua-
tuor aiigulis, imaaiius qiiatuor,>ierponium de auro piiro.

Huius per tria lateri dependent rciia sen Cdrtina" do cordnli.') seriris, in qiiibim ad sin^uiofi
nrdos, tTOHsa n)arj;arifa luibctiir iiini'xn. (piibns cdrtiMi-; ti-^itnr ollicina : in eius ronranitate
lenetur tuniba quadrala, in qna ronneniiint ((indurtiis omnium potuum, (|iii bibunfur in
Curia, «S: innumera \asorum ;j;cnera. quibus potus omnibus ministratur.

Friutcroa, iuxta palatii anibitU'ii, halutur ^r.nulis parci spaci.nncntiim, dinrrsi jiencris ar-
boiibu-, r^'plctuni, iruclu-. torcniibns varios, & nobis inuisns, iV: in parte media, aula super
cxi'olsum collcm <if tun inira A p'llclira structura, vt eius noiiilitas (jc t'aclli ad pra-^ins, non
possit di'scrihi. F,t \iHlii|iie. pircollis f;\rum aqu.e lossaimn prol'undmn, i"v: latum vltn'i (piod
pons viiiMis ducit ad rclicm. Attiuc c\ duobus mimiis lati'riiuis, st:ii;num cum diucrsoruni
copa piMinni. & vi'incnini indoniiiarum, \tau('anim, anatiun, ri<inoruin, ciconiarum, ar-
deuruin, iV r ■llcit')ru n in ma'^na p'uralitate, nee non \: p( r pareum. mulliP sylnestres
bf.tia', I'v bc-iicia? quatein'is per aula* fenestras pn>i>it Ooniinus pro soljiio respicerc volu-
criim auciiparii n s, bcsliaruin \ei a'lonrs, \- pi-cium <aplioii<s.

K' hi'C |)i<<('ui(lubio s( iendiim, (jiuVI in nostris partil>u^ rara sinl opjiida cinn plunbus nian-
.si<)nd)iis, (ji'Mim in i>to palalMi (-ontinrniur.

'I'ola ,i-.lali' iiionliir in Indin terra t'r >;iili>i'rp, in liveine in Cainbaln. Odericns.

]'r,T er pilatiuin Imr in Cavdo. habet liiipiralor ?.iii,iliitT Iria : \num in rinilate Sadns,
vcr 11- •"^eplentrioncin. vbi conipetens est Irifius, ihi nioraliir in .estate. Canibalii, vi)i <(>m-
pelens cdnr, ihi moratnr hye iic. 'IVrtium in ciuit itc I 'iii;h, in cpio & in i-.lo ("a\d.', vt
sjcpiiLs seruat sedem, eo ipiod in istis e.'»t air maj;is tempcraius, quairuis (.( niper ealidus vi-
deiur Nu>tratibus.

(' .\ V V T. .S."».

De (iiiatiinr <olcnnitatii)us, ipias Masimis Can ceiibrat in anno.

SCiatis (|ii(')(l ('j,'o. inci(|iie -iodales, pro fama ma{;nilic('Miia' liiiiiis biiprratoris, tradidimiM
nos sijpciuliaiins i-sscin nucrris, (^mtra Rcycin MaiiL^i |)r;r,i<iiiiinaliim. Y.X i'liimus apud i|)-
sum l,">. mcn.ibus, i\ ecrte iiiueniinus nnilio maiorcm partem hctniiuim, in inediam parti in
nol)i< non ru:s<i- rclatam : I'.oiniiium (e\(f|)tis cnstodihus ijcstianim \ vuliiiTum, ) cjui intra
[)al Ilium ceria mriint niiiii-ltria t st numeni-di'rein i uinan.

N"ia. Tra\i inorain in Cainhalii tril)ii-. aiiitis- Iratris iio>.|ri locuin halieiit in Curia sua
sj)ecialiter, \' fc-ti^ rliilnis ■.iitulis daiit jjenediclioni'm, Odericns. I't quoniain Iinpcratcr
liabet sili-p'i'rcs ipiani dci ciii inille l'.li'[)hant<'s cdomitos. <.V \t!ut xitra iniinerum alias lies-
ta-, ( <|iiaiii <|i,.e'ia II tci'eiiliir in (auei-, slabulis iiiirairhihii^, \el ealeni>,) nee no i*i; aue»
rapaii'., \: ac cipitre^, l'.il( ours, (winmi's, j^rvfandos entile-, Laueroys, iV' Satyros, sed iV
a;ii(ii!a- I. qiicntf*, \ p.ipinnns. & sim les, aliiisqiie eaiitanles: repiitalurnunierus luiminiim
(le isiis curam h 'auo.cm ;;erentiiim, \l(r.i sex ciiman, & |)riL'lerea ius;iterad Curiam eipiiles
cum |)!en:iiiis aniiuiiiri'i. (|ii;ni|iie ciimaii, iV de pcditibiis ( um pra'liandi arniatiiris, cumaii
di'ceni. Sed & onini'- do intiKio (|iiacuiujue mundi venionlcs, qui petiinl destribi pro Cu-
rl i rcclpiiintiii'. Sic oiiim iii»-ll linixTalor.

Ila!)ci iS: modicos r.i.;;in(is vii;inii, \- f(>tidem Phvsicos, alcpio ■-ine his Medicos Christiancs
(iiii .'iiiiis, I'v toti.Liii l'liy.i( (i-i, (iiioiiiain i>to Cmmiu! Can niaiorcm ^crit cunlidontiam in Mo-
di( i> Clri-t aiiis, (|ii.'i:n in su;e propria- nalii'iii-. inedicis.

Hoc or.;u (irmllor >.cias, qu 'd de Curia lienis accipiuni necessaiia sua iii;iilor xlira iriu;iiita
ciiinai homii'iiiM, pr.etcr oxponsas aiiiinalium i't voliicrum, cum tainen in fosiis maioribiis
s:n! homilies proiH"" m dii()! i lanli. Nee valet hic dominus defectiim vHum pali pecuiiia-, c6
(pin I in i.-rra -ua non cunii ni iiota i\c ar;,'onlo, vel auro, alioue inctalio, scd i.intum de co-
ri.i \el pipvro; !.(iriim ci.m Iniaii donarinruiu sijriio Iini)oratoris impresscniin prociaiiir mi-
ll ins .mi inaioris \atori-, sccuMliini diiicr>ifatem impresNionis, qui per visitationem, dolril:
vol riipii, ( um ad IU^i>i thesuirarios dofcr;:nliir, protinus dantur pro illis noiii.

Q at. r ill anno colobrai bnp rafor fesliuitates solcnnfs.

I'rimani de die propria: Nutiiiitatis.

Sceundani

A I

lidi
dii;
tra
irai
mi

III
sui
>">:
val

I'oi

/r.i' t

"•»>.

/. Mandcvil.
raris, & in qua-

libiis ail <iiiipilofi
citis roncniiitute
(|ui liibuntur in

ucr*i gencri>< ar-
icilia, .lula super
ad |)r;i'-.in><, iioii
liiliim vltra (|Uod
(inn iliiicrsoruni
ciconiannn, ar-
iinillii" sylucstrc'*
I) rcspiciTC volu-

lun piuribiis nian-

)(k'ritiH.

in riiiilali' S.ulnx,
niii).!]!!, vhi ciiin-
in i-lo ("a\(l ', vt
. mi per (aliilus \i-

aturis, tradiilimiis
t i'liinius apiul ip-
in nii'iliain partem
liuTum, ) ijui intra

abcnt in f'nria sua
pnmiatn Impiratir
iiiniTuni alias bi's-
.. ) iifc no & aiirs
\.- Satvriis, sell iV
ninnerus hominiini
■ ail Ciiriain e(|uiti's
i arniatnris, ciiniaii
!it ilescribi pro C'li-

Icdifos Cliristiani's
inlidcntiani in Me-

i;iiter \ltra Irininla
ill Testis inai()ril)iM
m |)ati peciiiiia-, ci'i
sed i.intuin de rn-
iriini prei iatiir nii-
i^itationcm, detrit:
noiii.

S. I. Mamleuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUFIMES. lib

Soruiulam de die sii.-c prim.T praiscntationis in coruin Teinplo, quod appellant Moscath,

vhi A; lit i.is "es'-io quod jrenus rircuincisionis. ^"J^Z"'"'

Tcitiain in thronizatione sui Idoii in Tcmplo.

Uuartain de die quo Idohim cepit dare respnnsum, sen faierc diabolica mira. PJurcs enim
in anno iion tenet M>lennitafes, nisi si quaiido nuptias Hlij aut filia' eelebrat.

Iiaqiu- in isli-i solcnnitatibiis est pninili miilfitudo absipie nnmero, omnes timen in ordinc uescriiti,. i-om-
dibito, k sinu'uli iiifendentes proprio iniiiisterio: nam ad Iioe ordinaiuliim, & di.-Minfiidum, [jj^;;;"™'"-
electa sunt (jualMor IJaronuin n()i,.iium genera, ex quibns nonnulli sunt He^es, & aiij Kqni-
tc> poK'iitfs, Duces, & Marchinnes, omnes indtiti holo-ericis, quil)us iuierti cii certa di,'<r.
ir.inatioiie sunt \i)iqiie preciosi lapldes, mine virtnlis, &: anrifi'^ia speciosa, vt si quis i.i Iii-t
pariil us viuim de taiibns liaboret mntatorijs, dici nun p niset iiacjicr imu pr.ediucs. Et habet
■ quodlilx'l niiilennri inim in his vestibus n^lorein sibi projiriu;!!: primuni viridem, secnndum
\oriiiiciiliiMi, teitiuMi rroceiim, qunrtum ])uriJiircuin, -cii iiuliciim. l^ijro in diesolcniii, diiin
de mane Maicslalis iliroiuim conscendcrif, veniunt se prajsenfare hoc modo Regi.

Ante primum milicnarii.m procedil copio a syn^piionia duli is chordarum, sicut de violin,
rvllKvis, i\ris, & psalterijs. mm auteni de fubis I'ut tympanis: & pneccdiint Barones per
traiisiiersiiin Aula- coram re-idente Homiiio ordinate bini, & Lini sub silentio, fercntes ainba-
bus iiianibiis ante pectus tabiilun de Ia;pide, eborc, ehristalio, pyropo, vel Ha-matisto, I't
ante laciein tin- ni iiiclinant se bnperatori proliind^.

llli--qiie ]) rtranscuntibus, succedii siinili modo millenariiisserundiis, & tertins, atquc quar-
liH, ncr :uKliinr ;\ (iiioqii en viiiciim verliiim. JIac ])r;esent.iti<)ne cum debifa maturitatc per-
fi'cin, rc-idor.f in liasso u latere throni ad pn^prias meiisas, miilti Philosophi, sen Artisftp.si-
ciinlc A iroiioiina, (ieonianlia, l'\ nmiactia, llydromantia, Cliiromantia, Necromantia, augu-
rils, acarupiiiis .\: hui:isiiioili, lejienies coram iiisiiumciita sua- artis, alii Astrolabium, &
Snii.nas de aiiro, alii in aiireis va.-i-. arc, tarn, prunas aidentcs, atpiam, \inuin, oleum, & eal-
uari.'s MKirtii'iruni. loqiientes iSi respondcntes, nee nonde aiiro hirologia ad minus duo: &: ad
ciinctas iuMis sci iniUim ciir-nm iiorolnjjioruin innuunt I'hilosoplii semis sibi ad hue depu-
tatis, vt faciant ])i'.CNiari aiidilum per aul.im, ipiorum vnus aut duo consecndentes gcalluin,
aha \oie proclaim:'.!, audile, auscultate, & omiiibu^ intendcniibus dicit Philosophcrum vnus :
Quiiibct mine laci at rcueroiitia:n bnperatori, qui e^t (iiius Dei exceisi, Dominus & superior
oainiii'n !) .miiiiMinn Miiuli, quia iice li.Tc e-t liora. Et inox singuii in aula inclinalo cor-
pore \' capitc -e ir.i linaiit iiKiicsiali maiietes acciiui, doner idem philosophus dical, leuate.
Atqiie i)rnii:'.ii-i super line lactuui, Musici siils instrumentis, suaucm pcrsonant melodiam. *

Po>lca ad aliquai'tam nviram simili mododicii alius philosophorum, minimus digitus in aurc:
& ccce hoc oiniK-s laciunt, donee dicat, siiflicit : sie in aliam horain, seu moram dicit, itia-
nus \es|ra super os, i\: |)i stea luaniis siiikt caput. Atqiie in hunc modum iuxta temporis
( ursum imp lumt facieiuia si;;na diiiersa. ImuuiMt in eis latere ina^na mystcria, & ipiodli-
btt h;rum laclonun nu-lodia terniinat Miisi-oni:n. Kt sciaiis me quandoqiie in tempore op- Mindtuiiii in-
poriuno ab eis inierro^as-e de his siguis, qui rospoiidcruni quoJ inclinare caput Domino ad ''""gjtio.
illiiis hcrie momenliim, toret conlirmatio omnibus ilicbus vit;e su:e, ad obediendum ipsi iS:
lidelitatem obsiniandam imperio, ncc |)cs,!e corninipi promissioiubus sine ilonis, (|u6dquc
di^ilur.) in auricula imponcre, obluratio e»l auditus contra iiiunia Imperatori, ^^ Im])erio con-
fraria. Et sir dc sii,.;ulis factis singula mystcria ciMilinirentcs decipiunt atidientcs : horum
iiaque fraudulento ingonii), istc Grand Can fe'stiuati;-, in n nisi ad taliiim itidiciiun parari pcr-
niittit cibaria, aut fieri indumenta pro suo corpore.

Dum autem est visinn (^iriie jMibernaforibus satis de pr.cdictis auditum, faciinil procjania-
Icics vilciitiiuu imperari, i\: incipil lieri oHerenda Imperatori hoc niido. Intrant omnes qui oifnoij imp*,
sunt de cognaiioue linperatoris J$ariines adornati nobilissime j)ro cuiusqiie deceiitia balteis, "'""'''"''
.'t indiimentis, qu(>riun primus cum resonaiile symplmiiia pra-mittit ad obialionem quutquot
\a!et de dextrarijs albis, iV inrlinans ante thronum pertraiisit, atqueper cindem modunisin-
giili Uaronum ollerenfes alitpiid dignuiii iocale iiiclinant transeuntes, silentio firmc seruato.
Post hoH intrantes siniili r

, :^f?

pral;

Sceundain

iigioni

rum

.1-

ll'

[■

•hill

1 f

{

116

Bdiedictio jtrs-
liti.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. /. Alandeuil.

Dfplorat Paga-
solum tciiebras.

Injignis Mandf
uilli picLLS A:

dcMiJcrimn ^i n-

UCIilOlllS i'lliJJ-
ilOIUIU.

S<mel iiiiiii CO.
pirdunl.

Mif

Viilchrum ne*
inus tKt ' diets*

rum iu cijcuitti.

mm ofTeruiit singiili pro siio statu sc rcllc^cllt^r inclinantcs maicstati, & maior praelatorum bc-
nedicit Rcgi, & suis ac Curiae qiiadam sua; legis oralioiic.

Dciiidc ii'troduciintiir clci)liantcs, Icoiics, pardi, siimiiu, marmotre, & diucr-ap besliae, qua-
rum ductorcs singuli transcimtes iiicliiiant reiicrcntcr, & intent^. P<)strcm6 alU-ninturaqui-
liv, strulhiones, f;rypliaiidi, acci|)iircn, & papingi, cum diuirsis aiiihus & auicidi-i, nee noii
scrpcntcs ac piscos, quorum portitorcs inclinant pnifiind^, ipioniam diiurit omncs terrenas
crcaturas dcberc adoratiimrm Impi'ratori Grand Can tiiio Dei extoisi : & liis pcrlcctis,

Musit\T Camcuif prr-ioluunt debila jilenO.
Nos ij^itur intendamus lioc loco qiix-so quomodo vcrai'ilor l'ai;ani in lenebris ambulant: dia-
bolica inuolutiono mens ecnim ohtcncbrata non videt tpioniodu, cum Imperator sit homo
mortaJis luipor naliis, &: kimiliier sicut illi intirmilaie circundatiis, atquc in brcui ctmi ijjsis
inoritunis, t|iieni cti mi nun duliitaiit sub Oeo, clamant eum non Deiun, scd Dei liliu-n, vt)i
vticpie ppiirsus innoranl iilii non esse laudandij, ncc adorandu. sed cum non intedunt aliuin
/ilium, liliiim incrcatum I'v connaturalcm, qui & ipsos (S; eum creauit, solum supcrlaudabilem
in si( Ilia.

i;i liuc alto < (irde C()n.<iderantcs, jaudeinus, adoremus, i{loriliremus. it supcrexalii'miis to-
tis \iri! us Deum, ()ui nos lilios lucis esse voluit, I'v salutis, nasci, bapli/ari, ediicari, eindiii
sub sincerilate lidci Christiana-, excluso schismate /<; errore, atque sub iii>lituto sacrosuiKl.i'
uialris Ixclesia", in qua sola peiie al) oinni circumferenlia orbis terra- (ides, cpiie sakiat, iV
j)er clilectioncii) o])iTalur nunc remansit.

Ivi orcmus inst.iniLT pro ip~is Pajiai!i>, \t ai;nil.i \eriialis luce vidcn" pos^^int (]uu .imliul iiit,.
\t pcriieiii,\nt ail K'suni Christum coaipialcm Dei tiliuni, alcpic in ipso, I'v per ipsuni Luid.irc
& adorare .solum \num scrum Deiun,

Capvt. .'{(),
Dc ludis & pr;e>ti;;iis in suo fe>ti, iSi ilc suo coniilatu.

CFJcbr.ito post hoc pr.inilio satis morose, (juia iunu|Uain est \llr.i semel cdendiim in die,
do quo \' (ins adminislralione iin:;c loii!;um c-t scribere, : (Nunt i;esli( iilatores, miri\i-.u,
suaiiiai|; auililu |)edil)iis, nianjlni-, br.uliij-, lunncris, c:i[)itil)us, iV: toio corpore, ac ad siii-
jjwlos fjeslus, correspodetesdebilo vocis xmo. lit semper line horu mirabiliu (antilena sub-
se(]uiiur musicorfi Kx hoc iociilatores |)ni-.to ",::'.t, \ .MaL;i, (pii suis iiuanlationibus pnes-
tat pne^liuia niulta.

Inprimi^ l.uiuiit xideri Solcm I'v: Iniiam, orietido, discendeiido consueluin diei intra H >
silic.im pi ra^, re cur'nni, ( um lani i uimielale splcndoris, \ t \ i\ >e inuicem hnmiiu ^ valcanf
r<'( OL'uoscere pi,T liiijiore, diccnies \ ineMtienics, Sulem iV I.iuiam i a'li banc niiidre retic-
renliam Inijjeralori.

llii.c pan iiiilo comparcnt sj)e(iis;e ])uell;v (hirere scmjias \- dinrcns, ncbiii iie^tu U' bi-
lissin'um lerre picnlum laclis ecpiarum in auri is \asi-, de quo, poneutts se in j;enil)us, tr.i-
dnrt potum (hniinis & dominalni^.

TiMic pi riantur iS: milites in ecpiis, S; armis quoi); iileni aicpie parali, (jiii rcruentibu*^ ^r-
nipedilus e iiuiirem cn^pidibus ad fr:i!;orein magnum (dnli'4Cllle^ laiKca- ( ominii-.uurf. \-
fraj;menia per nieiisas, \ paiiiment.i di^currunl. .\c deiiide I'anlaNtii ■• venailur per ania.u,
cum iambus iVi: papionibus, ail ( crnos, lupi^, \rso-.. \ apri'>, ad lc|)ore-, it niarnirt.is. (Ji,,!'
si i;ula i um ad hor.:m p.i-caiit \ana delei taliMiie ser--!i- ( < rpireo.. ini^iriam l.imi n in^eiiii;t
pia- nienli, quod tot iV tanti hnmines, uci;lc(la prorsus animi s.jhite, hisdia: olicis opcrat'oni-
bu> sedederunt in toin. Nam cerlo non ii.i sine (heiiionum consol.itioiie iSj j.imiii.u'itaii pi.c-
missa confit)'.;! dicercm.

Nita: a Cambalu ad viginii dietas, e-t pul(hru:n nenni- pirans ocio dii fas iu ( irciiitu, in
<pio s\int omnia jrencra aiiimaliiuu : ciistodes liabct c irca eum. 'I'riennio vel (piadriei.-
nio \i«iial illiid bupcrator, it cum mulla ucnic' neinus circuirdat, canes emitlunlur it aue«,
ruin multo clamore, it I'cras cdn^ire^iaiit in medio nemori-, ad |)lani(icm -ibi sitam. T. nr
Imp( rator priu-. i.ii it (|uin(pie -a;;i(las, postca alij : iiiiu Imperator dicif, V,y.\, hoc est, m 'i,i
besiiis, ,t --ic ut (piiiibet capit sagiiiam ^uam siL^nal.un, ptrcussam, alii-, recedentibtis ad -u.i
Joca. Odericus,

I'rx'terta

iiur
d.
riel
\

rii.'
pr,.

<|tii>i
d(

scit
Icrir
crib
aiilc

ciirr

S. 7. JSIandeuil.
pralatorum bc-

r>a' bcstiic, qiia-
lafrcninturaqui-
luici'lis, nee noii
t oinnes terrenas
* pcrlcctis,

ambulant: dia-
pcrator sit homo

brcui cmn i])-<is
J Dei liliu-n, vbi
n inti-dunt nliiini

siipcrluiulabilciii

ipercxalli'iniis to-

cilucaii, niidiii

itiito sacro^aiiclM'

s t(u;r saluat, \

lit qu(') ainbiil lilt.
)cr ip>um l.nul.irc

(■(liMuliim ill (lie,

iinri's, niir I \isii,

rpon', AC m\ siii-

iliii I antili'iia Mih-

iiiialionibii-i pr.r—

liiiil dii'i iiiira H;-
II iKiiuiiu-^ valcani
lanc niiiicrc iimic-

ni'tii'.i !;c»tii iv l/i-
•e in J;('nil)ll^, tr.i-

pii ('(•rnt'niibii< ^c-
~ (■iiniiiiir.niitf. \-
■nai'tur jxr aula.n,
k niarnii't.w. Qij.i'
Mil lanu ri in-fiur.t
i! (.li(i» iipciat'oiii-
; l.iniiiiantali pi.i-

tas ill (irciiitti, in
nil) v<"l (iiiatlrirt;-
■inillimliir \' am--,

sibi >ilaiii. T. iic
•A a, hue i"^t, ni 'Ki
cccdcntibiis ad -u.i

S. I. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

Il'<

Pr,-Btcrc:\ ante Imperatoris mcnsam eriguntur lalas tabiilas aurea: rum sculptis, ac si viuc-
rcnl, iinasinibiis Kailorinn, paiionuin ac diiiersariini volucrnm artificiost-, cpias pracstigialor
fat it pro libitii sine apprchcnsionc manns ire, tripudiare, chorizarc, Iremerc, compugnare,
bibrre, niandiicarc, sed & raiilare : quod quidcin inter cx-leia niihi vidcbalur mirabilius &
aspcitii dflcrlabilius. Nuiiu« istnd picne intueri potiiit, nisi qui erat in throno vel circa: &
nic oportct hoc loco fatcri stultitiam propriain, quod hac delectationc tractus, magnam ad-
hihiii apud Artistani dili-ciitiaiti, verbis blandis, & quibuscunquc nuimisculis, ac niciioribus
promis>is, (juod dc tali iiiiiii traderet arteni, qui sagax siniiil & ("aliax imprimis, spem meam
trahi-bat sponsionum fiiiiibiis : sod at vltimiim penitiYs alxscindcixit, dicens se vouisse Deo im-
niorlali, nc ciiiqiiam doceret nisi proprio (ilio scniori, ac pi-r hoc me Dcus ab illo malo con-
scniauit inuituin, & gratias nunc rcddcntcm.

CiTtuii) cs: illic homines esse sulitiles ad quasdam humanas artes, & ingeniosos ad fraudes
super omnes, qnas noui miindi partes, vndc & inter se dicunt prouerbium, sc solos viderc
duobiN oculis, iV rhristianos vno, CTtcrns autem homines ctcos : scd mentitur iniquitas sibi,
quoniam ipsi \ident solo oculo terrena & transitoria, & iios Christiaiii duobus, quia cum ter-
renis vidcinus spirilualia, it inansura : percussit enim * Naas, id est, hnmani generis hoitis
cum illi> la'dus, vt eriieret omnibus oculos dextros. scilicet spirituales.

Ciiin itaquc narratade pra-inissis dibeaiit sulliccre, qiiando Imperalor Grand Can de vno
qualuor paialioriim adaliud iransire \elit, vel Forte gralia \isitationis autardui negoiii per hn-
perium de Regno ad Hognum tendit per comitatus, (|iiatuoi- excrcitibus anti; & retro, & c,\
ambolius lateribus.

Primus exercitus |)r.Tci'dit personam Regis per Minm de suis dieti-", vt semper in liosiiitiuii
de (111(1 reces^it exerciius Hex intret nocte sequenti,& est hie primus comiiatusdescripiiis, &
statiitus de niinieni quin<|Ua<;iiita cninan viroriini, lice e»t, (iiiingenlorum inilliuin, ^empcr(lue
pra'iii>uiii, iV pr niisiim est, \t iiiueniant iiecessaria in lotis, vbi habcnt (piieseeie, vel tardarc
sine in ho^piiiis, slue in teiit.iriis.

Seciindiis cSc terliiH comitatus sunt eiusdem luimeri virorum cum primo, quorum viuis ad
dexiram tendit bnperatoris, alius ad sinisirum in distantia ab ip-io ad Iriuiii \el diiarum Icii-
cariiin.

Quarlus autem qui maior est omnilms, subseqiiitur ImperatiMcm ipiasi ad spatium iactus
balist.e. Kt ad hue sciendum e-t, quod iiei-sona? horum comitatiiiim sunt sigillatim, & summa-
tim oiniies descript;e, vtduin \iia moriiiir \el recedit, protiiius alia iiiscribatur, it niimerus non
ininuaiur. Ipse vero linpciatnr tendit residens in cella sen c:iinera a-ditieata super ciirrum gran-
dein Ibrma. I'orteni rotiore, nobilem in structura, est cella dc ligno Aloes i ptinii odoris, & pa-
rieies cella" operti in <iuil., •idam h cis laminis aiireis, qua; & i|>siedistinguuntur gemmis variis,
\ innrgaritis.

l>t aiitein ciirriis {|i;aliior roiarum diintaxat, ipiem trahiint qnatuor Eiephantes ad hoc cu-
ri(.^(' instnicfi, cimi qiiat or hiiipi-- albi-i e(]iia' diclis & ip>.i coojierti <liti'-simis tegumentis, ac
jira'ter atirlgas imbiliier indiiio-, (pii ciirrum cauti^simt" duiuiit, adsuiit & qualuor de nuiioribns
palatii Domini-, iiidi'" ad \eliiculuiii liabciites iiigem ciirain, de iiiinatione eius, & lie vltinio
exercitu ajipropriei inlia iai turn ( vt dixi) >agilia'. Ip-e autem iiilcrdum jiro sodalitatc iubet
seciini asceiidere (jimih vult personam, ^ed niiiiime vliia duos. In cella' qimque culminc,
quod aperiri valet iS; daiidi, a-taiit in pcrtiia (pialiior grifandi, vd ostinnes. Odericus: duo-
dccim (.iirl'alcoixs, Msi forte Imperalor in acre aqiiilam, \ulturuiii, ardeain, vel collectorcni
c«i-iieret, ( ilo dim'lteret isiorum duas aut pliires ad aiicupandum.

Nota, |)cr Dioincdarios, & cursdrcs, & veioces, (pii de lnwpitio ad liospitiiim pcrmutantur,
«cit de reiiioii-i noua. Cursor enim appropiii(|iia'is cornu sonat, <.V tunc alius pncparat, & vl-
Icriiis currii. Odericus. Sciendumque tarn ])iiniogciiituin Regis, quam singulas dc tribus vx-
cribus ducere >imilem apparatum in itineraiido ])ost ijisum, scilicet cum quatuor comilatibus,
ante, iV retro, & a latcrilms, sed in valdi"- niiiiori mimero personarum proplacilo, &. in singulii^
riirribus seqiienlibus se inuicem per vnam dielam.

J'ra'missa omnia sic liunt, dum Iinperatori tendendum est remot^, aliiis autem minuuntur, c"!.-

distiiiguuntuv

MandeuiUi cu*
riositas*

Hoc corum dic-
tum in nouis
Cliinx hiituriii
rrfcrtur.
lnsi|tiis stim-ii-
tij.
* 1. Sjin. II. a.

Celta st'u CJmtrA
xditii.ita super
I'uTrum.

QuatuorKlr-
rhantcs & i|ua-
tuur c^uv albs
irahfntC' cur-
rum Impera-
toris.

H^clloitic vs-
qur tiarrantur
in histoiijsCh'-
naruim.

f ■

i'l

Prateira

118

VOYAGF.S, NATIICATIONS,

S. /. MaiiddiH.

■'i||;

ii \

\ h

nL'imnis Cjiu
Guit Cill-

Cur jllii fijii
niiuir.ariui lui-
mrrus Tjrui
..nt 111 fi(t 0.

Qtini C'lin*

Ocholo Can.
GuiCjn.
M^ngo Cad.

ilistinguuntiir comitatus, inxta quod Accc\, vt nonnun'|unm omiic; Impcntorc^ oti.itn nini (ilio
simul tciulant, cum vna comilatiiiim Histiintioiif. Tran-ounfc aiitcm -ic Impciatorp per ( iui-
Jates & villas" quilibct ante fnros proprias pra>panf.) i,i,'ne iaitnl piiliicrcm nrom;ila rcdolrntem,
Ntans gcnibus flcxis ad rcucrciitiam illi. T.f sri,;iis vbi propo tniiisituni illiiis iiabcniiir Chrifti-
an.T Abbatia-, (pias olim ronstituit l)ii\ Oj^cnis, o\«iiiit obni-Mi illi in pmcrs-ionr ciiin vi-xil-
lis, tV sancia criuc, &: aqua bcncdi((a, & (hiiriLulo, liymiuiin, \ cni Creator .xpnitus, dccani-
antcs.

Nota: E"n scmcl turn Ki)i'*copo iinstro, i^ alijs fratriliiis, iuiiuiw obuiani per dua-t dictas iV
portaui tluiribulum. Oderiius. Qiio'* ip<e ;\ rfincti'i \i(!i-ii:, ((iiisucuit a-l so appt-llarf, & ad
rnicciTi suuin fialcatum <l*';"'"crt', ac rfucrciiii'r luidi) capit'- iiuliinrc: iV pralaliis (lil•^:l^
super cum aliquaiu orationeiu siijiiat eruce, & a(]ua lioiirdii ta asperyit. Ml quoniaiu necessc
e-il, vf quisqiie cMraneu-i ante Keijcin appareiis, oflerat ei aliqiiid, jira-latiH in di-iro pr.e^entat
ei fruetiis, & puma, vel pyra, & hue in innueio nouenario, (nilio poniiiir j)rini() capifiil'.
proximo, (pK'd i"'"' nuincrus est plu< (.rteris aeceptiH,) de qnibus Impirator \nu;n s:bi h\-
mens, reliqiia tradit Dominis pr.rsentibiis: quo failo habent rclli;;iosi rceedere ciio, nc (ijipri-
mariiiir iiuiltiiudine poi)uli subscquentis.

I'mfaium Domini galeatuni, e>it ita iiitextuin aiirn, diamantibus, ^rinmuiiridis, \ orienia-
libu-i maru'.'iritis, <;rancllis, & dubletis, & pranliue,-. in materia I'v: ariiliiio, \ I <i iion sit leqiian-
diis mau'iii in parlibu^ istis Hea;is thciiauruss. Item sirnt h;vr (iunt Iranseunti Impcratori, lium
\- Imperalrieibus, & liiio seiiiori.

Capvt. 37

Qua dc causa diriiur (Jraiiil fan.

SI ])larrt .uulire, diram rur hir Im()oralorsit aj'|)ell,itus {iiaiui Can. Audierani e^o in pani-
Iiiis Ieros(il\ iiionim luine es^e >ii dii tum, a (ili) Ni e, Cl^iui : : i-,l in icii.i Catlia\ a( repi \
aliani, \ ineram luiiiisrei \eritatem. Nam iV si rihendo h.ec duo noinini li.ihcni (lillireiitiaiii,
<|iio(i lilius Noe Cham scribitur qnatuor elcnieiiiis, (puM-.ii;- \Irimum e^l .M, iV isie Can iribus
l.ininm, qunruni \liiiiium e-i N.
! Post aMiios Christi 1 KM), ilia prima Tarlaria ;,ile qua siipr,"i >(r;p>'i m prima parte, c.qiiitil .
quinio) Tuit nimis oppre^sa seruitiile -ul) Heuilnis clrcUMiiaieniium -iiii I'alioinnn. (iuamlo
auteni Deo jila-iiit, m.iiores illii!- Tarlaria' iItira:ierMMt de -i [[j^i^ -ijyi lle^em dictum (Jiiis Can,
cui \ proiui-erunt >ubie( ti ■■«imam ubedicniiam.

Idem cum cssci prudeiis \ streniuis VI. \iiiles Ii.il ens liiKi-;, d< !)ellaiiSl • urn ijs iV populi,
suo, \ \i(it, ac std)iei it cMiidns in cir. niiu r{e|;e-, <pii';iis ii.rri indi'biie din snbia(iier.!t.
()niu etiam aj)parciite sibi in \i-iiiiie An;i<'lo Dei vcliit miiiie in aHin ecjiin, vV candidis aiini«.
'• lv; borlaute se, vt iransirel Alpes, per n.ouleni T>eli.:!i', tV perbiaihium niari-, ad terrain
Cathay, &: ad alias illic pluriiras ri'j;io!ies iran-iiiil, iV cui>it cum (iiijs suis alitjiuis e\ iilis dc-
*■ bellare, i^ subijcere, Deo in onniilus adiniianlc palenti.;-. Kt tpioniam in cquo allio ei ;\iij;eius
a|)i)aruil, qui eliam ante ])assum pnedicli luiri-. nouem orationcs Deo I'acere iii>»il, ideo >ui-
ccssores \-(|; iuKlie dilii;niit e(|ii')> albo«, \- nouenaiiinn mnui rum Ii.djcnl |)r;e ceteris in gra-
tia. Diinupicduis Can ini.rii pra- seniii a|ipr<ipiii(pi;irrt, (lUiuocatos ante selilios hortabaliir,
\ mouebat cxein))lo VI. ttloriim in simul c(i|li;:alorinn, ((U.-i' a indio tilioriim |)ariiir rr.ii.<;i
potnerant, sed dissdlnta vnnm(|Uodqne per se Ijcilc rran;;ebatur, sic filij ^inquit) dilectis~iiiii,
si per (diuordiam vos imiiem dilexiritis, iS; \i.\eritis >ei;i(>ri Iratri obcdientes, eonliibi in I)ci
inxta [)romis.sioneru luihi ab .Aii^elo lactam, ipuxl oninem lalissiniani i-tam terram, iv; opiimnni
illius imperii* siibiji ietis, ihim<| .Sc po>i pairis discrssum strenuissinif', ac lidelisninii' (Deo siln
])riisper.uile ■ j-erlVccrMnt. I'.t (pea cum prcpriis nniniriibus habebani eoj>nomen Can, prntio-
j;enii is |)ro iliHereniia cbtiniiit nonuM (iniiid Ca i, id est, .Maf;nus Can, videlicet supra c;ttcn'<
Iratre-i, (jni sibi in omnibus obediebanf.

Iiaipie i-te sei imdus Imperafor vcxal atur ()( hoto Can.

I'ost cpiein lilius eius re;;nauit <li( tus liiiican.

Citiartu.s autcm, (jui Mango Can '; a])tiz.il)atur. permnniiitquc fidclis CluMtiantis, qui rti.W;

Bll.-s-

nil
lui

sill;

«e

lis
Ih.i

Stat

apui

(ari

ope

cam

cios

biiMi
toi;:i
fere
quo

-■v

S. I. Mandeuil.

•c* oti-.im cum filio
ipcralorc jxt ciui-
DDiiiln rc'diilrntein,
l):il)oniur Chris-ti-
•s-ionc rum vi'NJI-
ir s) nitus, dccani-

j)cr tluas dicta';, iV
so aj)|)i'llarc, & ;:(l
v: pr.Tlalus ilicr:i>
t (juouiani ncccssc
ill (li>^r(i j)iii'<cntat
tiir i)rinii) capitui"
rater Murn sibi ■^ii-
Icrocito, nc (ij)pii-

unrulis, \ oricnii-
.1 <i luiii ^it n'qiiai'-
iii lni])crnti)ri, tiuut

(licrain ci;o in parti-

a Calhav atccpi t\c

liabcllt (IKlirciiliair,

\l. (.V i'*ic Can iril)u>

iriiiia i)arli', capiliili
ralioiuim. (^iiando
L'ni dii luni (luis Caii,

It <uni ijx i^ jxipiili.
■liiii'- dill «.ul)ia{-uiT.'t.
i!ii, N: I aii(lidi<< aiiiii>
im niari^, ad tcrnm
ii~ aliijiias c\ illis dc-

fi|in) alliii ci Aiijjflus
accrc iu>-it, idco >ui-
nt pra' ( atcri^ in ^ra-
tc r-c (iiios luTtahaliir,
linriiiii pariliT rr:ii.i;i
I (iiKpiit) dilfi'lis-imi.
icutcs, (ciitido in Uv
itn terrain, & cpiiiiu:-!

lidi'lisninii' ( Dco ^\hi
()j>M()Unii Can. priiii >•
idelicct su|>ril i.Ttcn «

Cluistianus, rpii etiani

S. J. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

Hi)

misso ma.-no exercitu cum fratre suo llallaon in partes Arabiae & Acgypti mandauU destrui
in loto Mahometi supcrstitionem, & terrain poai in manibus Christianoruin. Et fratre
proredente, acicpit ruinorcs de fratris sui Imperatoris morte inopinata, quapropttr & redijt

negotin inipcrfecto. • ^^ • » , ,. •

Q intii^ C.bi'acan, qui eliam fuit Christianus, & rcgnauit 42. annis, & acdificauit mag-

nam ciuitatcm Ion.!;, maiorcm satis vrbe Roma, in qua & coiitn.ctur vald<i nobile palatium

Im|)Criale. Hinc v>que hodie omnes surccssorcs pa^'anisino lo-dantur.

Tempore autcm me6 crat nome Imperatoris lAliianl Can, & pnmo-rpnitus eius Cosuecan

pr.TlcrqULMn & alios tilios habuit 12. de quorfi uominibus coiiscnbcndis non est curae

^ Prima vx^rum suorum vocabatur Serochan, qua> & est Jilia Praesbyteri loannis scilicet Im-
pcrat ris Indi.e.

Sciunda Vcruchan.

Tcrtia Cara illican.

Istis du"bu- Iinpcraloribiis non crodifiir inueniri maior Dnminus sub firmamerto Coeji.

In literis qiia^ (iilus Imperatoris Tar aria- scriluntur nomine pouitur smtpcr i-^te Tituhn.
Can (iliu-i Oci i-xi c.-i, omnium vniucrsain tcrrani coleiuium summus Imperaior, & Dominus
Di'ininautium ( milium.

Cinuniforrntia maj^ni sui sijii'li, continet hoc scriptim.
D(;u> ill Cfrl.>, Can ^upi-r terrain, eius fortitude. Omnium hominum
Iiii|)crati ris si^illuni.

Sficndiim qn/iqnc quod quan-uis populi ibi ditiintur, & «nnt Paifani, tamcn & rex &
o!ni:ei er-.'duiit in Diiim immi>rtaiem, & (inini|)oti litem, & iiiranf per ip^iini appellanies,
Yn"<a. id tst, l)oi<iii Natiinr. .Sed niliiloiniiius coluiit ^ adorant idola, & sinuilachra aurca,
& aij;entea, i.ipidca, li^'iiea, (iltria, lania, \: liiiea.

C A i> V T. :iS.

Dc tcrritorii) Cathay, iSc morilius Tar'r.iorum.

TOtuin Imperiiim Impcr.ituri-. (iiand Can distiiictuni est in 12. niaffiias prouincias, iuxfa
niinuruin duodetim lilidrinii |iriini (ieniiori.s Can, (juaruin qiuelibet in >c eontiiiet lirciter (>.
niilli.i linitiitiini, pneter \iilas iicm luimeratas (jiia- -iini veliit .ib-(|ue iiumeri". llaiient &
sin^^iii.e pnuiiiui.e reiijem principaleiii, boi" est I'i. rc-.es proiiineiales, & iiorum (piis(pie sub
«e rej;es IiiMilarum pliirimos, alij .)(). alij eettiii', ali| plnre*, qui omnes iV: sinwuli subiec-
tiviiinii (li)cdiiint Cirand l\m Imperai.iri. ILui prouinii.iru niaii>r, \- iiobilior dieitur C.i-
thav, que fon>istit in .V>ia profunda, fres eniin ^iint A^i;r, srilieet i|u;f profunda dieitur,
tV .\sia dicta maior (pi;e n ibis e>t satis pr.pinquii'r \' terli.i minor intra (piam est
Epliesiis lieati loannis l',iiangeli>ta' «epultnia, dc »pia babes in pr.Tcedenlibus. AudiNtis
statum ma^natiim & iinbiiium e>sc pcrr.amiilieii, I'v u!crio»um, .^ed ^riatis loiij;^ seeiis esse
apud cuminup.es & priiiatus homines i.im in eiuit.ilibus (|u.mi iii forensibus toiius Tar-
taric. In prmiiiu'iis auteni Catliay habeiur taiituiii dc nieninioniis spccierum, & de
operibiH scrico>is, quod mullis facilius ai(piirere e«set pr.Tiic sum indiinienium, quum
cami-^ium de lino. Viulc & (piii u ■.([; Mint alic iiius luiiie>tatis non lareiit dc.^uper prc-
tioso vestimento.

Omnes tam viricpiam fa-miiiie siiiiilibiis in forma \estibiis ]■ diicuntur, videlicet vaid^ latis,
& briuilwis v.-(|Ue a<l j;enua cum apcrtur.i i:i literibiis ipiain liniiant ^dum voluiit) ansisqui-
biisdam, iki'ii \t,^'r(pie se\us est brailiij- >eu ffiiK.r.iiii us plen^ teitiis. Nunquain vtuntiir
tou'a aut c(dli'liio, ^e.i nee cajiiiiio, \iid^ iicc pi r aspcetum iiuiiinient'iriim potest habcri dif-
ferentia inter viruin i.^ niuliere.n iiiiiupiaiii. Sed luipia i,\t supra dictum est) gestat per ali-
qu(Kl fegumentum in capite formam jicdis \iri.

Nubit illic vir cjuotqiiot jilacet imili>ribus, vt iionnulii liabeant decern vel duodecim
vxoret! aut plures. Nam (piisque niantus iuiigitiir iiccnlt;r cuilibet niulieri, e.xceptis

niatre.

CobiUcin

Ectiiant Caa,
Imprratur
T;irtaroruni
tcm)x)rc Mao*
dn.illi.

Serochan vxof
Orad Cu.

Yroga, Dew
Naturx.

II. Proiiincia,
Cliitij.

Niinitriis ciui*
tatum.

Calhij.

AbuuJantia Mli*
ci 111 Cathay.

Vestiiui T»r-
taruiLitn.

Jf\

- 'I

' 1:1

■■a

I-'

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

S. /. Mandiuil.

* f

Tart.iri lac
cc^iinTkim I'ibuut.
Arpclldtur

h'oimx do*
niorL'in.

nuiruni.
'r.irtari Ha-
nuxiiiiii, I. i:i
jilaustri^ M-

lirt;tn.

N"iiitiiiiium in

Ccti-iiii'iii.r
I'jrt.iijiuin.

Mmefrf intra
tt.>nuini i'cci.Hii

»>r..m.

Aima TrtH-i

&:<:

mairr, & amit.i, soroie, & filia. Sicut viri cqiiitant, teiulimr, & curniiU per patriii
pro ncgoiijs sic & imiliiTCs, qumiiain & ipse (ipcrantiir omnia feri; artificia nicchaiiica
"iicut pannos & quicipiid efTicitiir do \mw, corio, si-ricoq;, ininAntq; carnicas, & vehiciila, sed
viri I'abricant dc fern) cl do (iniiii mrlallo, lapidibus jitq; ii;,'m), iicc vir nee nuilier no-
bilis aut dcffencr coinedit vitr;i seme! in die lommuniter. Mulia niitriiint pecora sed
nulli's porcDS, parum coincdiliir ibi de jiane exceptis niajjnatibns & diiiitibuH, scd tarnes
cdunt pccoriim, bcsti;iriiin, & bc^tiolannn vtpc.te bourn, ouium, capr.iruMi. ecpiorum, a^i-
noriini, canum, raitonini, mi:riiiin, & ratloruni, iiis carniiiin sorbenles, & oninis generis
lac bilienii's.

Ndbiics ante I)ibuiit iai- eiiiiaru, sen inmentoru, |»ro nobilissinid potn & paiiporcs aqna
bniiita lu niodiro mellis, cjuia ncc sinu ibi habctur, nee cerni.sia colicitiir: & ninlti ac ])lii-
rimi I'nntes tosnlimt in sna siti. per vill;is. 8c rnra. Donuis, & liabiiarnia mtinid.e sunt
forni.e, < onipo-ita; & lotexi.e parnis iii;nis, & (Icxilibns \ir};idis, ad niodfi lauearn cpias nos
farinuis pm animli-", li.ibrirs rotnndani in cnlniine aperlur.i pni'slantem dno benelic ia liabi-
lalioni, (jnoniain iV ignis (piem in niedii) donnis ( osiitunnt fninnni rniiliif, tV jn'o aspiticndu
lumen iinniiltii. Intrinse<ns sunt pariites \n(ii(|; dc liltro, sed iV tectum libreii e«i: li,ii
doniirs, (Inni locum liabitandi niutare voluni, vel dmn in dintina expedilione prcHednni.
dm lint -e( iiin in plan>tris qiia>i tentoria.

Miillas »n|)iiua( n IS (>lwcniant cereni' nia-, <]uia respicinnt in \anilal(s I'i, inswiias laisas
sdlem iSc iiinani pia'i ipue adcrant, eisque frecpienliir genua iiiruant, it ad iniuiinninm, cpiii-
(piid est niagni e-tinian! im lioandum

N'ulius onmino \titur caKaribns in eijiiiiadu, sed cogunt eqnmn (lagclln sf(>r])i(>iie, repii-
tantes peceatvnn non leue, si (piis ad hue ilauellinn appodiat, aut iunienlnin peicnteref mim
fren(>, pler;i<i; similia, qu.e paru aut nihil nocent, |)oilerant \t grauia. sirut iinponere eu'-
tellurn in igne, is osse conl'ringere, lac sen aliud p«ta!)ile in icrram ellinideri', nee iion \
Iniiusnuidi nnilla.

Sed si;pcr iian , tcni't pro grauiiiri ailnii-sii mingere intra ihitnu (pia- inliabitatnr. I'v: (p;i di
tanto ( riniine |)ro( lam.iretiir as-uelns, niiltcrelur ad ini rtem l^t de sinnnlis iiecesse est \i
conlileatnr |)e((ati.r I'lainini sua- Uj.'is, \: sninat sinnma pe( iniiaru delicti. I'.t si pcccatu dc -
turpalionis liabitaruli \eiurit In piddic nin, opnrlcbit rccunciliari dciniii per sac crdoleni, pr;
usqiifi \IIns au(lei)it intrare. Insuper \' pec eatorem neeesse <'rit perlraiisire i^neni, seniii.
bis, aut tcr iuxia iudiciinn I'laminis, quatciuis per ignis aerimoniajn |)ingetur a tanii inqiii-
nationc peeeati.

Neniincni honiininn pruhibciit inter se habitare, sed inditlerentcT reeeptant, Indjeos,
(hri-tianos, Saraccnos, iV iioinines ruinseuntpie nati( nis, \el legis, diccnles se salis juitaii'
'iuini ritiiin iion ita sceurfi ad sihitem, nisi <piando(|; traherentur :id rilu niagis salutareie,
queni lamen determinate; nunc- ignorant, initi nudti dc nc>birit>ns sunt iam in Chrisiianitaie
baj)ti/ati.

Attainen qui illornm sunt cnri.iles lin|)eratoris non veileni in palatio public ari.

I'cene oblitus eram, cpiocl ninie hie dieo nolandinn, cpiia dnm ab ( \tia Imperiuin, <iiii>
Milieus innitiiis aut legalus cii])il tradere proprijs inanibiis literas Iinperatori, vel depcmeri'
( "ram illo niandata, non pcrinittitur, donee prius in pinis Iraiiseat linias ad \n\\ ad minus
regum pro .sui purgatione, ne cpiid I'cirsitan alleraf emus visu, vel idoratu seu tactu rex pos-
sit grauari.

I'cirro Tarturi in pnecincto expedilicmis habent singuli duos anus, cum magna |din:ii:-
talc telorinn: Nam onme; sunt sajtittarij ad manmn A: < um riiiida iV longi iaiieea Nnl:-
lis antem in ecpiis preeiosc'^ phaleralis ferunt gladios, \c| spatas brcue- <.v laias, M-indenli -
pro \no latere, iV in capitibus ^aleas de corio coc to, ncii altas, scd ad c;ipilis IcirniaiM
depressa-.

(iniiunci; ile suis fugerit de pralio, ipso faeto eonscriplus ct, \t sicpi.ulo inuentiis fne-
ril oceidatur. .Si castru vel eiiiitas obsessa se illis redderc voliierif, indlam a< c eptant ccjcii-
tionc" nisi cum niortc omnium inimicorum, \cl si (piis homo sin<;ii!aris se dcvU'rlt victimi ni-
hiloiniinis absque vlla miserationc occidunt, detruneai.tc.s illi protinus aure-, (pias postea kj-

(pKUlls,

HO I

S. /. Mandfiiil.

runt per jjatriii
(icia mcchaiiica
8c vchiciila, scd
iicc imiliiT 110-

iiiit poconi se<l
il)iis, sfd larncs

t, t-quonim, aM-

i oinnis j^cncris

sc paiiprrcs aqua
& imilli ac ])lii-
ila r<iluii(l.r sunt
aur.iru (juas no--
1 liciiclit ia lial'i
V JU" aspiiiriulo
\ lillri'ii est: Ikh
ilioiic pniic'duiii,

» iiw Mii.i-i l.iUiN ■
iiiuiliiiiiiiin, (|ui('-

sf(iri)ii>iu', rc'iiii-
111 pcrcutrrct >iio

111 iiiipoiicrc cii-
dcrc, iii'c noli \

ibitaliir, I'v (|i;i i!i

is lUMOsl' i-t M

I'.t >i piK aui (li -
• •iaccnloli'iii, pri-
iirc i^iicm, mmiu'I,
itur il taiili iiuiiii-

■(■ci'plant, Iii(la'('«,
iilc-* -c saii-" piil.iii-
1 iiianis siiliilarcip,
1 in Clirisliaiiitalc

l)li( ari.

Ki Ini|)('rinin, ([iii'.

Icili, \cl (IcpdlUTO

ail \nii ad iiiiiiiis
M'li laciii rc\ p<i-

inn niauiKi pliii':il;-
n^ I lanrt'a. Nol>:-
iV laui-', '■eiiiiU'iili ■.
m\ (•;ii)itis rdrnuiP!

Ill.ul'l i!ltlClllU«i I'lU'-

ini :i((cpt:int lOdi-

dcdcril \i(lnni ni-

•t>, (puis postcri ti)-

(pi(nli'>,

S. I. MandcuU.

THAFFJQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

121

quc.itci*. & inacefo (dum habucriiit) poiicntes miltunt iniiicem ad conuiuia pro cxtrcmo j^''^','^';;^!""
I'er.'ulo: duinquc ipsi in bi-llis :iric liifjam simulaiil, pcriculosum est ens inscqui, quoniam
iaiiiiiit safjilias ;\ icrj;", qiiiliu-i cqiinM & homini's otcidcrc norunt. Vx quandn in prima
acic coinparaiit ad bellanduin, niirabilili^r scse constringunt, vt media pars numeri coruin
vix (Tcdatur.

(icncralili'-r noiirritis omncs Tarlaros habere paruos orulos, &: modicam vol raram bar- Tamti hahtnt
bam: in pr.'iiiijs loiis raro inti-r -c liti)iant,contcndui)t,aut pujjnant, tinicntes legu pcrnraucs [""^'^"/."Jj"^*
cmcnd;is. Kt inuenirur ibi rariii-i vespilio, latro, fur, homirida, iniurias, adulter, aut forni-
rariu-i, quia tales eriminatorcs inuestigaiione sollicita requiruntur, ik sine ledemptione ali-
qun |)criniiinlur.

I)u qui'* derumbit intimitis lisitiir lanrea iiixta ilium in terra, & cu apprnpinquauerit Muticpuluux.
morii, niilliis n-nianet iiixta ipsuni, i u vciu niurtuusi est>e acilur, cunfcstim in campiii, & cutn
laiitca sepciitur.

C A p V T. 39.

Dc scpultura Iiiiperatoris Grand Can, & crcationc siiccessoriH.

IMprrator (irand Can po^tquim eiiis fr,{»niia luerit dernnclio, defertur mox ;i paiicis viris
in paici) palaiij, ad piartiisiim locii ^bi debeat >epfliri. Kt nudato priiis toto illo loco u gra-
niitiibiii iiim te-pite tii;ittir ibi ti'iilnriuii, in quo velut iii solio rc:;ali de li^no rorpiw dc-
fiiniii residens collocaiur, paraiurq; nien-a plena coram cti cibarij.s praet iosis, & poiu de
lade iutnenioriini. Instabiilatur ibi & eqiia euin ^uo pullo, vcd & ipse albus, nobiliter pha-
leniliis, i*v' oiiiiotutiis cerlo punderc auri & argenti. Et est tolum Tentorij pauiincntuin de
niniido •.iraii'ine stratum.

Ti'imqiie elliditint in lirinitu fossam lalain valdi^, & profiindani vt tolum trntorium cum
otnnilnis eoiitentls deMend:it in illain. Ec'iq; facto ita equaiii^r terrain plaiiilirantes adopc-
riniit jirnninibn-), vi in oiiini tempore Icciis sepultiiri'K non valeat apparere. Et quoniam ig-
noiaiitia- nubilo turpiier exi.rtati |)ufai.t in alio seciilo homines delcctaiionibiis Irtii, dictint
quod lenloriu erit ei pro hospiiio, i ibi ad cdendu, l.ic r.d |>olaiidum, eqiius ad equiiar.dum,
aiiruiii i^i :ir;;entu ad respiiiendu, sed & equa lac semper prxsiabit, & pulios cqiiiiios »uc-
ce-siue Keneriliii.

I'list has it.iq; Imperat'Ti-j drfuncfi miseras exequia«, nullus omnino audebit de ip<n |o«
qui ciiritn v\i ribiis tk (iiij-, iV prcpinqiiis, sed iiec nominaie, quia per hoe putarciit dero-
R ri p:ic i, \- qiiieti illiii<, ijiia iioii (Jubilant cum dominari, in maior! Ju'is f^Ioria Paradisi qua
hie sictit.

Ifjitiir Impcratire Grand Can sepulto obliuioni tradilo, conucniunt qui\in cito nobi-
les dc septem iril)ubiis prouinc :<x Cathay, & eui Iinperium ex propinquitate compctit,
dicunt sic.

Etce volumiis, ordiiiamus, atque precamur, vt sis nostcr Dominus & Impcrator.

Qui respondct.

Si vuitis me super vos, situt & iuris mci est, iinperarc, oportebit vos fore mihi obedietes

tarn ad mortem quiiin ad vitam.

Et rcspondcntes dicunl.

Nos facii-mus quiccpiid pr.Tceperitis.

Tuncqiie Iinpeiator addit ha-e verba: Ergo scitote, quod ex nunc vcrbimi meum acutum
jlv: siindeii-i i rit vt nieii* ensis: I'ergit »pi6q; sessiim in suo || Philtro nigro super pauimentQ i,ctiiu*»
ill con |)eciii fhroni expanso, & cum ipso Philtro eleuatur ab omnibus, & infertur Imperij
Holici, ac loronaturdiadematc pra'cedcniis Imperatoris.

De inde singnli principcs, & singula; ciuitates, oppida, & viilae per vniucrsum im-

■n

( r

■r ;'^

VOL. II.

perium

VOYAGFS, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mnndeuit.

I 1 (

TuiquMlin.
Oi-topar.

Rri^nuln CO-
minurum.

Id fit Volgt.

II Vcl Ciuci-
ftul.

ItPr ficifndu
Icmj'Olr glaciti.

9ajracli.

Laitan, vrl Li-
liiaui*.

IJ fii, Fiifraff.

Bi'hair.
8ani.irkjtid.

iSfi. Nr-sabO.
Sfn iSjrina.
■anr.
Maiur Armenia,

TauIi^b

Ktf num MtiUxi

jicriiim iniftiiiif ci miinera ioralia, \a>ia. pannos, cqiio'^, ricpli.intps, aiiniin, ar)jrntum, & la-
pidoH prccioscKs, quorum, quulium, & (puiritnrum vix vcl in iiuincro haberi potest ar.'ili-
malio.

C A P V T. 40

Dc nnilt'w rcKionibus Iinprrii) Tarlar'n* s'lbicrfi^.

BRouit^r & nuiu- intciido ( iirsuin (Ifscrihcrc nliqiianiin ina^^iinruin regionum & Insularum
Impt'rij Tartariav lit ])riiro illa'< ([iiir (Icsci'iuUnii a prou luia Calhay per M'ptcntrionalriii
plaijam, \>qic- ad lines Clir'siianii.ilis |'nH>'ir, I'v Kiissa>.

lir);o |)ri'uiiiria Cafhav dc :!'''!"Ioih in sui oricntc ;\ rrjjiui Thar'*i'< iu'iijitMr ah orcidpntc
rcj^iio II TiirquficiMi, in quo I'i: sunt pluriniic riintafcs, (|uarii I'drmosidr dicitur Oclnpar. Ij)-
sU'ii aulc'in Turqui'sciM) rcjj'iu iunj;iiur ad luddcntcin sui ri'uno sen Iinpcrio Persia", iSc ail
septcntriiiiiein rcjiiu) ('orasin.r, (piod spuiosiim est xaMe, haliens virsus nrientem tui vltra
een'uiii dia-tjs deserii; lior n-ynii est muilis bonis abundans, I'i: appi'llatur eius nielior ciuitas
cliam {"(irasiiie.

I.--fi quoij; rcp;ii<) iiinpitiir in occidcnlp versus paries iidstras re^inini Comman' riitn, quod
& similiter loM;{nni e^t, \ latum, sed in pnuis sui lot is inhal^iiatutn : Nam in (piibusdani est
fri;.'us niniiuin, in alijs n'niiiis calor, X in nonnullis ninii:i inusrarum inullitudo.

De i«tis Cemmanis venit olim Cuyata qiK-cdam pluraliias populi vsque in ternini yEf;v[)fi
qn.x- ibidem sucrrela nunc ita iiuialuit, M suppressis indi<renis \ideatur re^nare: Nam iV dc
seip-is ('on-'tiiuenu)l hunc, (|ui nvulo est Snjd.inus, Melecli Mandibrnn. Per Commandrum
re^iunn deeurrii Cirandis lluuiu- |j l-'ehii, cpii omni liveinali tempore in n a<{na spissiiu-
dine j^cla'ur: in superior! qiio(|; jiarie huiu- rej;ni inter duo Ireta ("aspije, iV Ocearii,
nions suhlim.s e-t valde || Clii.eas. Nola quid A iio«iris partil'us non possit VMpie in In-
diaiii SI periore'u duri ma;'.nus exercilus per terns, ni^i per tre^ tantummoilo Iran-^ilus, fpio-
rinn isie est \nus, qui lamen non \alet transiri iii-i tempore jilaeiei, I'v: hie appcli.iiim
est L dekone.

Alter per rur'|tiesren, i^ per I'l r«iam, tamen ibi sunt descrta pluriuin dietannii, in qui-
bu* iii i e-set exeieitus l)iMie |)roui-u-, posset perire.

Tcrtius , (1 primus lines retini Comman' rinn, translri'ta :do latncn mare vstpic in rejjnum
Abchiz: priiieip.ilis (iuil.i- ('niuinanorun dieilur Saraeli.

Ab hoe reyno versus parte- no-tras inuenitur re);io I,-.iton qu.'e c»t \ltima pij;anisnii, iun-
gitur iste linis terr;r Clirisiianilati- re;ino I'lii sia-, \- Russia".

I'o-t potestalem Imperij Tariari.x" descendend < a prouineia Cathav in Aiit.lralem plai;a'ii
venitiir versus I'ersiam, Sjriam, i\- (Jreeiam. Versus terrain rhristianorum possum aliipia-
lifer in suinma ((pianlum tomienit huie viriplo) eonotare. I)i\i sujjra iam proiiineiam Ca-
thay iunj;! re>.'no Tunpiesren ad i (•( identem, \ illud c|ii6q; iunfji rej;n<) sen Imperio I'<t-
si;e Ad quod sciendum, tjuamuis rex Persia" hahet etiain ;b oli.n nomen lmi>eraiori-; (pna
(eCi tenet aiiquas terns sui Imperij ab lm|)eralore Tariarorum) neeesse e>t vt in lanto
suliiertus sit illi.

Sunt autein in Persia du;e refjioncs: vna alt.e Pep^ia-, cpiii" a re;;no Tunpiesecn de-
seedens, iun};itur ad occidentem sui lliniio || Pvson. In isfa lia! etur renominate ciuilates,
quaru nvliores du;e dirinitur Hccura & Seonaruanl, quam alicpii a|)pelljnt Sam;irkand: Kt
altera Ref;in Jiass.-e Per«ia', desc endens a liuinine Py-on, <|ui a'l sui oceidenlem iunjjitiT
rei;no Media-, k\: terra; innioris Armeni.T, it ;id Acpiilonein man Caspio, & ad Ausirum terra'
ininoris hidi;p.

In h\e bassa Persia tres prinripalinres (iiiil .les sui't || Aessal>nr, .Saphann, || Sarmn-
saiile. bi terra autC- maioris Ar.ienia" jpiord.i hahebanlur tpiatuor rej^iia, (pur nunc di( uii-
ti.r subes-e bnperio Pcrsarum, hab^ttpie lamain terr.x" nobili«, & ad oeci.lentem sui iinigitur
Re^rno Turri.e,

Ilee Armenia multas valde boiias enntinet i iuitates, quaru famo-ior est Taiirisa. Retr-
nu Medi.T quod i.ubcst Regi Persarum <juanuiis non I.iiuin est, tamen lon^ii e-t, it ail

occidentem

in
&
&

ff.i' >

^ ?

}. /. STandniil.

S. I. Mandcuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

I'M

■(Tpnttim, & la-
cri potent 3t.i\\-

im & Insubruin
■,1'ptcntrionalcin

tiir nh orii<l«'ntc
tiir Octopar. Ip-

I Portiii", & ad
iMiti'in Kui vlira
us mclior ciuitas

imaiv mm, qniul
III (jiiil)us(l:iin c>l

ml"

II ttrram /lijiypti
narr: Nam iV dc
'iT ('(immancrum

n aiina spi-isilu-
iir, iV Drcani,
,jt vM)Ut' in Ii>-
() iran~itin, fpi"-
c hir aiipcllani^

iliclariim, in qiii-
vsqiie in rrgnum

ta p

iffaiiisnu, mn-

AiiktraU-m plaiia-n
iin possum aliqiia-
im prniiinciam (.'a-
I f.cu Iiiip<rio I'tr-
I ImiK-raH'ii^; <|iMa
,si" c>t \t in lanto

no 'riir<nifi<cn di-
nominnt;!' tiuiiatc-.
ant Sain:ir'Raiul: Kt
cciilcnirm iiinj;itiir
Sc ad Austrum terra'

Saphaon, || Sarma-
a, qutf nunc di< im-
lentcm sui iiinj^iluf

• est Taurisa. Rr;.'-

M» lonj;!! e»'. i*^' ^''

Htcidcnifin

orcidcntem sui regno Chaldem roniiinctum. In Media meliores dua; citiitates sunt, Scras, &
Keri-men.

Hint- ad (Kcidentc sui, iunrta est rej?io Georgia;, qiirc modo constat diiiisa in d"o °JJ|[j'- ,yj,
regna: Nam pars siipciior, qtiie iiingitur Mcdiop, reseruaiiit sibi iiomcn (Jcorgiae, sed in-AUhaV.'*
(erior pars dicilur regnii AIjcIkiz. Aml)o hwc rcgna, & regcs eora, sunt de lide Christiana,
& liomine* ila deuoti vt ad minus semel in hebdomada comuniccnt sacrameiitis, iuxia ritu
Gni-coriim confcclis. Et quidim rcgnum Georgia- si'.i)iacet imperii) (Jrand Can: sed Abchaz
nuncpiam ab ip^o Impcratore 'l'arlari;i-, neqiic I'crsarum, n(i\; Mcdorum domino subdi
potuit, eo quod munidini est a(piis & rupibus & aiijs prouisionibus contra iinpugna-
tioncs hostiics.

Iiixta hoc regnii Abclia/. habetur viifi mirum & mirabile, nam inagnus est territorij locus inpanettgni
diclus Haiiison, iSi contineiis in ciriuitu .sj)acium via; qualuor diii'laru: videtiir semper j"'|.'^f^"""
()|)crtus tfiiebris densis \l nemo aiidcat iliic intrarc profundc, quoniam si qui prc-
sumpseriiit, non sunt visi rcuerti. Attamen fatenlur vioini sui) iliis se tcnebris audisse non-
nunipift ciamorcs homiiiii, liinuini>i, miigilus, rugitus, & boatus pecudiim, & besiiannn, sed
it lantus galloruni, vt per ha-c iV- alia si:;na C(in-.iet ibi habitarc gentes: nam & lluuius dc-
currens mon'-trat signa mi!|)^ corlissima in suo exitu; ignoratur tamen «i tenebne per lutuni
tcrritorium sint eiusdem dcnsitalis, an forte sint in circuitu per aliquod spacium, & intrin-
sccus plus luminosuin.

Dlruiitur aiilcni tciicbraj ista olim j)cr diiiinum miraculum aduenisse. Sabocre enim Im-
pcratore I'crsarum, circa annum Gratia* diicentessimum quinquagessimu in perseculione
Cliriktianori' tcndciiie cum pleno cxercitu per luinc locum, & Clirisfianis tyraiinidem eius
('ui,'ientibus, contigit ex improuiso cos it;\ arctari, vt sc clliigerc despcrarcnt, quapropter
siatini ad orationis rclui^iiiMi omnes se stcrnentcs clamaucrunt ad Christum auxiliatorem
suiim: Kt (Icus, tpii pru pun cordc Chrislianos ad se orantes semper exaudii, expleuit
iliic liicrain vaticinij Uaire: (]iiia ecce tencbrie opcricnt terra 8c caligo populos, mons-
trans per tciiel)iain icrrcnam, quani ei'* superiluxit, <pias passuri cssent inimici nominis
Chri»ti lencbras inlernalis, indicansque per tcm|)oralem \itam, quam sibi Hdelibus conser-
uauit, cam quam |)ossessuri sunt \iri Christian! vilam perpetuam, & ccclestem.

Itaq; hoc rcgtium Abchaz ad occidentcin sui iun>;itur rigno Turciii', (piod in longo &
latd valdi" extcsuni multas colinct pr(;uincias scilicet Iconi.T, C'appadncia*, Saura?, IJrikc, Bc-
sicon, I'atan, & (Jennoch; liij oinncs Tiirci, cum Iota Svria & Arabia vsq; ad Galli/iam
liispania<, subsunt Iinpcratori Mabyloniie Soldano, & suni in singulis prouinciis 8c regionibus
ciuitatcs magna', ac multic niniis. Cunsicjucicr hiiic regno Turciic ad Occidentem sui in ci-
uilate II Cathasa iungitur per mare (ireciic superior pars poteslalis Iinperatoris Constantino- j VciSithit«.
politani, 8c <pia<i ad Aipiilonem contiguatur rei;ni) Syria-: cuius vna protiincia est terra pro-
missionis, prout hoc s.itis (lictum est supra. Sunt 8: alia- terra-, ti IiisuUe, 8c patri,-c iatas, 8c
spatiosa-, contincntes in se miilla regna, 8c rcges, 8c gentes diuersas, dc quibus nunc per
sin;;ula pertraciare non est consilij.

Ad supradicta C"halda',i iiinijitur Mesopotamia, 8c minor Armenia, ti velut ad Austrum
t'lus .Ethiopia, .Mauritania, I.ybia alta 8c ba^sa, &: Nubia. Excepto erg6 duntaxat dis- E«(niio imp«rij
Iriclu I.nperij Persia?, &c pottsiale .Soldani, omnes sa'p^ pertractatie terra-, regiones, reg- '''''"''■ '^'"'
na 8: Insulm descendendo tam per Aquilonem, qua ad Austrum ;\ prouincia Cathay, vsq;
ad Christianitatem sunt de Imperio Tartaric Grand Can. Et notandum dc spa'cio dis- Dimmij i
tantia-, quod institores de Roma, vel Vcnctia festinantes tam per terra.s, qui\m per mare, {^°"" ""^"
expcndunt de tempore II. menses, 8c quandoque duodecim, priuiHiuam in Cathay valeant iMmoTer'
penicnirc.

Ilijs itiiq; visis describam saltern alicpias a prouincia Cathay in orietem terras Imperij
Tartarorum. Iliic habetur regio Cadilla spaciosa multu, siniiil 8c speciosa: crescunt namq; f,-^",^,",'*"
in ei Irtictus ad quantitate inagnoru Cawardorii, in quibus inuenitur vna besliola, in came Caihiya.
8c vingiiine ad formam agnelli absq; lana, 8c manducatur tofus fnictus cu bcsfiola. Sunt tThl°"lm
8c alij plurcs diucrsi fructus, quorCi penes iios non est respcctus nee vsus. Nam 8c sunt ibi nupcr vw.runt

Ro i> Fcrsia.

* non-

r 1 '

n \

)

" r

K ,| .). ,.

;."

li .

/■'»,

I' S< I ■

I I

VOYAOES. NAUIGATIOKS,

S. I. Afaiidtull.

mini ktl lio^ti.
Arbor JLiniltr.

nonniilla' sprriMc* vitcs fercnlcs bolros incrctliMlilor ma;;nrM, qiioruin vniim vix virilis vir
vali't in Iki»I;i portaro.

Et (Icinde in inrridicm per aliiiii.ii (''•'•ns, potest pcnicniri ad priinns Caxpia* alprs, qiiju
dcscctulcndo doifi-ndiint xsciiir ad •' . i.-m, in^iiilam niiili<Ti"i, dr tpia traclnliiiii r^t. Inirr
has Alpcs rctiMctiir maxima mullii do liidiponiin dccrm irilni'i I raol, pir Dfi vnhmntpni ita
iniliisa, \t in r(ipio>a nmntTosiiair iion piis>int h nostra parte exirc, qnamiiis ali(|ui jjaiiri
noi)niiii(]iiani sunt \i<i iraii«is»o. IIal)(T«M)t aiiti-in romprlcnicii) csitimi circa insiilaiu Aina
/oni,T, «cd ilium <!ilii;cntcr rcpina ol)siriiat.

Porro di- rcnii>nc Cadilia in oncntcm \cniliir ad ri'j;niim HackariiV, in (pia inali & innltuin
-crudc'Ics liabii.int liciiiiinc-, ncc c»l sccurinn ilincrari' per ilLcn, tpiod ad nuMJicnm occa-
sioncm (si Dciis non Km^criiarct) occidcrciit viatorcm & inniidiicarcnt. Illic sunt arhorcs
, Ccrcntts lanam \rliit oiiiiini, cv cpia tcxnnt pantios ad vcsiimenta. Ilypoccntaiiri xmit ihl
jjfo media siipiTiiiri parte in Corma lunnana. & pro inrericri fii;Mra eqiiorum, sen tanrornm,
vcnantos In tcrrix, & piseaiitcs in acpiis quod eomedunt, & super onuiia ( arnes hominn, qnos
caj)i'rc pi;s«nnl.
c.ryri.orM, Jr Ncc iii'ii ^.' K''M'''' '"''' ai'par*"'" pro media posteriori parte in forma lecni-:, pro aatcrinri
H'lii'i" ''•"•'"' in f( iina aciiiil.e. Sed sciati>, corpus nianni iirvplii mains esse ik to lennihiis de pariiluis istis
Najn |)osl(|U.i <(pni!n, lioiieni \el lionimem, eliam asi;nnn Occident, lenal iV asjiort.ii pliiid
vol.ilu : liiupia coriiUa bcni-^ ai.t vac( ;e sunt illi \ npnlii , de (inihns ctia o li. ri s de, t ci|)hi ad
I)il)endum, (p:i |)lnrimnm repiila'itnr prc(io»i. Kunt (puMi; de peniiis a!arnm ciiis . rcii- ri-
jjidi, \- I'l'rtes, ad ia( ienduin mis^ilia \- sai;itfa<, Ad isiiu-- reyni Uacca: r.e < xlu miiates i;i
Orientem tinitur terra |)otest.iti- (ir.md Can ■ I'.t ini'j;itiir ci tern pctesialis manni Impcrit. ris
Iiidi.T, (pii semper vicalnr I'm-slnler loannes. Not.,ndnm, tpic ties p( r |ir iiincias toll
Imperii (Irani! Can, qiiicqnam accidit, cpiod I:i<peralore non cporti't latere, conlesiini in .
tnntnr per reyes am l>arone» ninuij in dr niedarijs ant eqni>,(pii celerriine I'e finant a<l i eri.i
hospilia. ad lim' insu'ii, velut a! «(pie tanner i per unperMini in^litllta: Is(|iie nniicins l!(>-pi-
tio appr piiiqiians, \ < ornn rr^i iian<, dnm aiiOitiM- paratnr nniii in-^ alter, ipii de ii ai ii ^us.
rij)iens litcras, p< r rccenteni dniiiedariiim lesliiiat ad alind iicpilium. tV -i<' in l)reiii tem-
pore perrcriir.tiir nirnore> iil ciiri.e .nres, Siniiii(p:i' niodd nii'cij pcdiles jierimilanliir de
hos|)itio in liospitinni, \t citit'i^ pen ipi.ilur nej;ot ium hiiin-i nincij : ,ip|Kli.!nlur sii.i li; l;ii.i
("hidd)M,

us
in-f-

C'linoTfs CM-
rfib,> I'ail.nice

F.rge') per |)i,i'mi>>a satis eincci maijnani esse rohilitatem, pote>tatem, ri'iiertnti

chit t.is
itcuitli.

■^,j„. miiiatione Imper,iioris Tartari.e (ira;id (". n rie Cathay, iS: quod

niillns al) isia pa

arte 1

miieiatiT,

[iec Persia-, tiec I'abvloniie, nee (ir;'ciir, >ed ncc Hon';e e-t iili i ninpaia'uhis X'nde \ n idtu
miserandn est, tpjia ipse cum toto Ini|)erionec cs| (i,!;- Calliolic a illiistratus, nee snlutari la-
iiacliro reijencr.itus ; & hoc orennis \t in breui eueni.it, per lesnm Cinistinn Do.i.innm nos-
trum.

r.\i>lic it pus seeunda liiiiiis operis.

'I'ertia pars

41,

Dc ma^nificentia ImperatoriH India' ii: prcciosiialc Palalij.

C'Vm in prajccdentilius Imperator Indi:r dictns sit mai:nns, restat dv iliius majjnificeniia
aliquid poni hoc loco: cuius Mi(|; pluria, nobiliias, iS,: |)otestas, diri non hal)eliir minor,
qiiiim dicli Impcratori- de Cathav : nam etsi in aliquibus \ideatnr Inrsilan minor, I'si tameri
in aliipiilius satis n.aior, (piia omne a'<piale no est idem cum illo cui xquatur : it.'iq, a (ini-
biis re;4iii Bai liari.r suprKlicti vbi coiJijiuatur Impirio Indi.r, enndo [irr miili.as dia-tas iiitia-
|Sni I'tnioi- tnr in r „num || Pcntoxvria' quod est ina;;iia' latitudinis, ^S; abundaiitix' in inultis lionis: huiiK
I'ailtajNytc. """I'laiior tiuitas, dicitur Nyse, & in ea h.ibet Iin|)erai r palaliu Inqteriale, in qm rcsidet
dum sibi pliect. Imperator iste sem])er xncitatns es| Pr.esl)\ier loannes, cuius noniinis (aii-
sani aiidieram (juandoq; non veram : sed in illi-i |>artil)us ac cepi ratn'nem indubitata, qnam
brcuiter liic cnarro. Circa aniui ab incarnatioiie Dnmini octingenlcssimu, dux Oijerus de

Daiicinarthia,

riri

tr;»l

diif

cul

qui

I'eil

terl

sull

?. /. Mandtiill.
1 \\x virili>t vir

)ia> nipcs, qu.i:
.Tlinn c*t. Iiiirr
vnliinfitnii itii
ii>i ;ili(iui paiici
I inr<iilaiu Ama

mnii & tniiltiiin
nuHlicntii <n'<":i-
lic sunt arlxins
I'lUauri 'Uiit il)i
, siMi taiironiin,
s luiiniiMi, quos

•i, pro aiid'rinri

Ic ])ariilnH i>.li*.

L a^j:(>iia' [ili'iKi

i S'lc. f ciphi ail

mil (ill* : rciw ri-

!• ( Mii miiaii's in

I T^ni liiipcral. lis

|,r iiiiu MS tdtiiH

, coiilc-'iin iirf-

l(> linaiit a'l i cili

<• Miiiiriiw lu'-|)i-

jiii (K' 11 niii ^u—

ic iti lirciii ti'iii-

< jxTiniitanfiir ili-

i.inlur sua li; una

iirr( rti.im, i'^ i!'-
a pane lin|i('iatpr,

I \'li<l(' \ n iiltii
, lire 'alutari la-

II |)(ia. ilium iii»-

S. I. Mandcnil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

lius inafjitificetilia
111 haticliir miiKir.
minor, f>i lanirii
aiiir: it.'iq, ;\ liiii-
lulias di.ctas iiilra-
lullis l)oi)is; huiiis
i\v, in qiK' rcsidet
cuius niMiiinis lau-
I indubitatri, qiiain
I, ilu\ OniTiis lie
Daucmarchia,

DancmarrhiS; cum quiiulccim rognationit nuflD baronibus, & armatis viginti milihufi traniiuit
marc (Jrccirc, & raiicnlc silii Uco couquisiuit Cliristianitali per miilta pnplia penir omncs ter-
ras, rrjjionrs, iV iiisulas, qu.ii esse dr potentate GrSd Can pni-dixi, ner iion & omnes, quae
sunt (K' polcstato IiMpcriJ huius Iinpt'ratoris Iridi.T. Eralq; inter Harones vnus denominalus
loanncs lIliusGoudcbucf, regis Frisnnu : qui dirtus loSnes Deo dcuotiis fuit, & du licuit Ec-
closiarii liniiiia iniuit, vndc iSc barones ci dabant quasi per iorum Pricsbyter loanncs vocabu-
luni. Duin erjio (Vcrus diclas regiones expugnatas duiidcrcl in hijs <piindcciin suis cn^jnatis,
&• qucmlibef C(.rii in suo loco rostitiierct regein, qiiafenus Chrialiaiia religio in ilia orbis su-
pcrlitie semper stabilis permanent, Ir.adidit isti Pr.Tsbytcro loanni siiperiore Indiam, cu
4(HH). insulin, regiiwiibiis, & ipsii pnefecif ImperatorO super rcliquns cognatos, vt ci certa
tr.biit.i iiiipcndcicnf, S; in omnibus obediicnf, al(|; ex tunc omiies succcssorcs Indi.T sunt
vocati I'lti'ibylcr loannes, 9i vsq; in liodicrnu tcmpus boiii maserunt Christiani, fir rdigionis
n'niulal'ires. Interim cum causa niatriinoniorum ai;t procurationis filionim dispcrsa est priini
Imperii iiitei'.ritas, & niullir de insulis conuers.T vel potius pcruersa; refrocesscrunf ad vetus-
liiiii s(iuaiorein | auani^ini priiiii. Nota. Mccedcns :i Caiubalu versus orientem post fj(). dietai
ad icrrani I'nisl)\ tiii luaiiiiis, principalis ciiiilas terr.x- vocatur (-osan, satis parua sicut Viii-
ceiiiia: h.dirt eti am sub se nuilias alias riuitatcs. Ex pacto semper habct in vxorcin vnani
dc liliabus (irand Can.

I'er nuillas |)eriieiiilur ad prouinciam Casan, qiiir c-t secunda mcliorde mundo, vbi subti-
lior e-t, li,il/el diclas .")() iiui^nor, fit). & o«t vna dc ducKlerim partibiis Iniperij Cirand Can.
Odericiis. Vide itil'ra capitiilo 4!l dc Cassan, iSc de KjiulDiie. Deiiide venilur in Thebeih
proiiiiuiini, qua' Iiidiii' est coiiliiiis. It.'jqiie licx & Impi'rator istc tenet spatiosissimuni liu-
periiitn pleniiiii v.ilile inultis Hei^ionibiis it Iiisuiis aniplis, diuisum inter qiiatiKir (liriiina
miiitna de l'aradi»o teircsii'i desceiuleiitia, Pysoii, (iyim, Tygrim, & Eiiplirattm. Nam vlira
liius (iricMlales eins linpeiii, iS: terresirein Paradisiini, niiiius hominiim habitat vel dominatur.

I'laterea iiiipeiMt ninilis ali;s regionibus \- in-iilis quic distinguntur per bracliia maris
Oceani, i!i in quiluis sinuulis c<intinetur grandis nuinerd^itas ciuitatiun ae villaruni, it mul-
titndo iniUKiicra pnpnli'run) pric abuiidautia it |ir;i'ciosiiate omnium terrenonun bonortim.

Inipcr^uni In lia- liabetiir famosiim per vniuirsum orbeni. Std it famosius baheretur si
mcrcatores niiindi cdiiinuiniti'r possinf it aiidercnt adirc sicut Catliav. Nosfratibus enini
pciT.irns est iilic acies-,us, lani pm- loiigiiupiitate, «]uam pnr marinis |)eritulis. Nam cxcepfis
alijs snnt ibi qiia.v[)lures .\daiiiaiilini (olles, ad oram maris, it intra marc, cpii sua virtute
aiiiMluint sibi nam's Ccrruin c <nitinente«. Quoniam it mihi naiiiganti mostrabatur per naiitas
a r; nil tis (pia^i paruiila li sul.i in marl, quam asserebant lotaliti^r ab antiquis icmporibus pau-
l.iliin ibi ciininlata'ii de nauiluis jier Ailarnaiites retenlis.

r.-'iiniatur aiitein lalitiido huius bii[)('rii per diefas quafuor mensium, sed longitudini noii
d.iinr esiiiiiatio, eo qiod t'-niblur vsipie I'.iradisuin \bi niillus aeeedit.

Distinctuin e-t Inipiriiim per dih'dicim pniiiir.eias, qui'tiis toiidcm jirncunt rcgcs priiici-
])ales sen pnminci.iles, iv quonini singiili habeiit sub se liei.'es. Duces, Marehiones, iSi Haro-
nes, pm'sianies jtque rcddeiiles pr.esbytero loanni proiii|itani oliedientiani, it eerta tributa.
."s.-epiiis \ coiiiiiniler lend Sedi'iii Iniperator in iialaiio vrbis Iniperialis Siisc. Hoc aiitem Pa-
l.itium tale it tantuni c-t, M per me non crcdaliir debite esiimaiidum. Isiud tamen tlico au-
denter in siinima, iiiiod grandiiis, iidbiliiis, preeii'sius, i*t placidius est, in auro, gemmi.«»,
slructuris, it srlieniaie sujua descripto palatio (Jrand Can in Ca\d().

l!t ex sjieciali sciaiis, i-iius palatij print ipnles porlas esse de .Sardonico, vndiq; in ebore
circiiniclnso: -ed it lransners;e line.x sunt omncs I'.liurne.e, auiariim cV eubiculoruin feiics-
tnr chri-tallina'. Meiis;irum quirdam Smaragdinie, aliqii;e Ibcniatisiina-, cielcrorumq; lapi-
duni preciosonim per aiirum sibimet ec niuiictoriim. Kt iionnullie in toto aureas vel geniniun-
ciilis disseniiiial;e, it vna(|ua'(pie de niensis cum stabilimcnto proprij generis. De ihroni
qiioqiie prei ii siiate, <piia iiieie demonsiraiinnis excellit inodu, soiinnmndo dico, singulos as-
cen-ionis gradus esse singuloripii lapiduin precio-nrum : Priniiim onycbis, secundum ehristalli,
terlium iaspidis, qiiarlum ha-nialisii, (piintnm sardij, se\tuni coriielij. Et scptimus qui est
hid) scdentis Impcratoris pcdibus, i])sc est, chrysolitus, omucs cireuiiifusi, & incliisoria arte

formal i.

IS.5

Nirratiod* rc-
bui gtstii 0%tn
Duckt Uinia.

Vndi Prf jhylir
lojnnei lit
dictus.

4000. Iniul«*

C'oiiii ciuirai.

ThctKih.

Iniulx Oriti^
ulrs.

1.3i>tiu).> Irn-
ptnj pTXi \Irri
lo.iniiis r<t 4.
mt'.i im i:ri.
I)iio.lr> mi rrgfn
prruiiici.ilfs.

prriali'..

Magnificentii
paLitij prcsSjtfti
iuinntj.

, I'.J

I I

' i

'/' (I !i

i , '

126

VOYACiF.S, NAUIOATIONS,

S. I. MandcHiL

formal' aiiro Mplodlila reliircnic-*. S«rd &t ami)" llironi rrclinalnria ex HniiiragiliM auro contbi-
iiniiH, f(U|iic (liNiiiK to nol)ili<Mi'iiH ^rani", ^ j;'-''^''**^ ' ('inxli pilarij in cainiTu l(cvi;iH (Innni.
loria (0'<i-tiinl do niiro I'liliio, di'o* Diinuli haccis, it quam|iluril)iM ('arl)iinciiloruin riihtliii,
totiiin (Ir iiiictc lial)il.i('uluin illii<tr:iiiril)iiM.

Ill nihiiominiH in c.i ( liriti.illiiia lunipas plena halsamo pisliro xcd ardfn'* & IintMw, tain pro
nii;.'.('iid(i luminr, (jiiain pm I'diriitcndo :ii-rr, lanirn oliani pro inini.tlrando opliinn (Klori*.

l-'orina Ifcii Iinprrat.Tis ((iiniiiK la c-tt dc piiris \' iiobilisi^iMiit S.ipli\ri?<, roni Iii-j Niiq; aii-
rei'* vol fburncii liuMtiiri-*. \\ xiriiitc lapidfi capial .•4uauetn Moninu, luoli'mn; cnrnis iiihoncili
«li:iiull, in Co rc-rrcni'iiiiir. Niiiu|iia rnini iiin){iliir miilirri nisi soli ( uninxi propiiii", scd nee
illi nisi (|ii.itiior (piindi'nis aiirii sidt'lii'i't in ia|)ilc hyciuis, vrris, u-siatis, iV aiiimnni causa
soiiolis j;ciuTii(I.T.

\'t(|; brfiiiliT iraiisi am dr mulla hiiiiis palalij n(d)ililalp, miraliilc hoc holiiniinoih') prii-iniw
sis super adilo. (^li.i (in a medium illius in summo apicc lurris maiori-<, duo sinil nodi snj
pomrila i\v (Um m lissinii auri mctalio mini' niajjnitudinis, & sorona: rcspiiiidrniia-, & in ipsis
fdrm.ili duo (arluinruli ^randrs, \ lali, !<ita virtutc Iciicbras eMiigu.ifCH, Ik vclut splcndorcm
picnilunij noiiuriio tempore inenlienle!*.

Cai'vt. 4;i.

De freciucntia palalij & enmitalii Imperatori;".

Sllruinnt & priesio sunt iui;iti;r Domino Imperatori scpteni reges, (|ui in iMjiite siimuloruiH
mensiu, alijs sepicm re;;il)U-. pro illis palatiu inf^redienlibus reee<linit ad propri.i, donee re-
iioiu.itiir eis leinpus .t.itulum. Ilij eur.un habeni de )>ui)ernation<- aihninisiralionu in aula
niaiori ))er sid)ieei.is eis 7'i. duies, \: ,'J(M) \- ((,'{. eomilCN ncu baroiics, (pioruin vnuxpiisque
opiliiir n> uit tS: diliueiiUr iiitcndit proprio ininisterio.

I'llos : alij dr

.111.1-

NCriimtanu-n ad ()Uotidiaiias e\pensas vsquc pra'nii - _ , - ,

rum, sed iion ampliiis ; sed sic ut p;..'di\i de Curia pr.Tiedenlis Iniperatori-. sje nulliis iiie, < i|.

((inudii \lir."i seme! in die, iV hue ip»uin sobrie salis; (picuii i n

duodeeim hominuin de nostris eommuuiler eompens.irem

N.uu i-iisunt liiiperaiori- ('id)ieiilarii, isii Camerarij, isti s(in<luni llei;! niorsclios ; :iii| or
appoiiendis eurani t-erunt Ten idis 4^. depciieiidis, dv.illiTendis, deasporlai.dis, alij pineernii'
•An liunandrita', o^iiarij, & sic de sinj;uli».

Nee non absr,ue iam dietis, mandueani omni die in aula coram Imperaton-, duodei iin .\r-
rliiepisropi, 'i'i() I'pist opi, (pubus eliaiu alij lolideni eiTlis tempordius 'liei j'diuit per vires.

' • ': - iiivsa:*, veniuiit »le Curia .'((Mt. millia pers

ullii
iuseui|; sit status, ,iul sc\u
proiil a'slimare possum, e\pen-.T (
triuint.i lioniinurn in |)artil)us ilii^.

Diun Iiiannem IVesbyicrum mntinirit prneedere rum exereitu in plena eihibiiionr, nmi
(UTerunliir vexilin, srd tredet im ( ruees mapnac altitudinis, (."v: K''"'*-'l"'l'nis, de auro disiinclo
pretio..issiniis peiris, in linn<irem Christi \: suortun Apostoloiin\> duodei im. li.e vertanlur in
sinj;ulis rurrilius, & siu;;ulariun ad lioe nuiximis rurribiis rum i ustodia euiusiiuique < rui is, de-
(CMi niille e(piiiuin, \ eenluni mille pedilum, nee tamen liie Humerus au;;ei \ei miiuiit prin-
< ipalem exercilum rav'aiiortmi.

lentpore p.icis per terras proprias de p;dalio ad palalium, aul de ret;no ad re;;num, diiin
fdidere ei placet, eoiiiitatur Nlicpie ma<j;na multitudine hoiniiuim .iiiie iV retro, A: ex vtrocpie
lateriiMi.

Tiiru(pie portaniur coram eo tria valdc notabilia, qux t.imilli (piam omnibus ra dij;n^ no-
dutaria. I'lweedii enim euni in spaiio ein ilt'r oet. deeim passuuin

auri iV arj;enii, ;;i"nmarum. & ina^-
tinial)iiis artilieii. Illiimriue disc urn subseouitur i>ro|)in(iuiiis Imperatnri ad sp.itium eentiini

tanlibus esse possum sil

discus onu^tus velut onini i;enrre jiretiosorum vasorum a

|.« iMi(i.«iii^ 11III1 ti'iiin ^1 orrt' ijrruosuruiii \ .isiii inii .lui i iv ai^tiiii, ;;i 'iiiii.ii iiiii, s% uui .^*

l)iiis artilieij. Illiimque disc urn subse(piitur pro|)in(piiiis Iniperatnri ad sp.itium eentiini
passuum, alia crux lij;nea nullo peniti^s auro, nulioue colore aut preeiosiiate arlilieialis operi^
adiun.iia.

Deliinc ad sex passuum s\irrcdit ibidem propinqiians Im|)eralnri discus aureus terra niu'cr-
riina pleniis. Sunt eu' rdicli coniitatus in ( iistodium iS,: honorem personie Imperatnri^,
discu.H vasorum in ostCM n diuitiaruin, & inaicstatis Impcrialis. ("rux in re< (irdatinnc

p.ihijioni^

1st
del

hal

Ta
die
Ch
exi
n:e
riei

\ "

S. I. Mandcnil

n^d'iM nurn ciitiilti'
ir.i Ui'niH «li>rii»i-
ciiloruin rubelii,

& liufii-. lain pro
plinii' (xliTC.

ronrlii-i Mi'n; aii-

; t;iriii!< iiildincHli
priipriii*, <<fil lift-

\ atiliitniii (-;ui'«:i

lim>m<»l(^ pra-mis-

(llto Mlllll Mlidi SlMl

(Iniliir, & in ip-i^
M'liit spleiitiorciii

c.ipitc siiiL'iilonim
pri'pri.i, iliiiioi ri-
inioiraiidiui in uiil.i
Kiriirn \nii>(piit(|ui'

I innrst'llos : alij ilr
idii, alij piiKcriisi',

lire, (liKnlccim ,'ir-
111 1 1'diint per \'icv>.
(Ml. inilli.i piT^.iiin-
i-. sii- luilliis liii', ( II-
)rii' !>ati"t '. c|iioni:Mi
iiilt^r tompi'n>arfm

la r\hil)iii(iiir, iiiii
in, dc aurii jlistiiu in
1), II.'L- vtTlantiir in

IXIUIIIIIU' (Till n.dt-

^I't M'l niimiil priii-

11(1 ad rri;num, duiii
rciro, & »"x vlroqiif

niiilni"* fa (liJ;ll^ no-
111 |, dciini |)as>.uiim
^i-mniariiin. 8c iiuis-
ad spitium ii'iiluni
Mv aiiilii ialis iiptri'

I aurciH terra niijcr-

ler-^i'Mii' IinprratiTis

'riix in rcciirdaiiniif

paiiijioiiiH

a. I. ,yfanrlfHil. inAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

pi««i()ni-< «C mollis, qiiam in rrucc lijini KJmplire rhri-tiiw pa««ut rt.1 pro nobii. F.t
niirra in mcinoriain diraj inortiM, .|iiataro ip»i.ii< Impcralori*. quu;Jcmic»t,in tcrrnm ibil

187

F.t terra
rof.

ma*
trcnoium.

mra
ruptioiiM'

C A r V T. 13.

Dc quibuxdain rniri* per rcgionr* Indiic.

Urtt pliirima mira liabcanfiir in terra Iinpi-rij •' cxbvtori Inanni!*. nc materia operix niml
6m pr- tck-tiir. mulia (r-o Hilciiiio : h solum dc quibu-dam in principniibii-* InmiliH "arro. ^

Urj{6 in primi>i dico xidi-nr mr magnum mare arcnoxuin, tpiod dc «(dilm mimita arena sine „„,„„„
Vila aqua dim l.ipi loriim granrllit nirrit. iV ttiiit per altJ"< eicuatiimcs, iV: depreN-i.ineH.wUimi-
litudinein mari-< aquie. ner vnquam qnicsrit : K qu(id ipse nnn ceKso Hliipere, inneiiiuntur
pisres ad litlu^* pmiiTii. qui rum xint alteriuH lorm.a- & vpuiei, (piAmde no^tromari, videntur ,;;j°',7,|^'^;,
lamen fju^tiii in edendo deiicatidres. Nullo lainen h'imano inyenio \idctur hoc mare trant. h.jie v.mi
iiaduri.aiit naiiijj.iri, aiit illo pisiari, xed nee propter K.ii li>nj;itudincm, & plura impedimenta t"",|""'iiii'
deirop.'Tir.uiri. . fir"'"^'

llem .d) ho( latere marit per Ires dieias habcntnr majjnu- montium alpex, infer quas venit
qiia.i I rieiii de I'.iradiso (Imiius dirurrentibust pttris. niliil penitiM habeim a«|U.T, in (iiiibiH
.T'liinai da." xunt pliirimuin majjnaruni esse viriutum, quamuis dc hingulis bumana- «eiciitia>
Ctinstare iiini potest

Hie ptiiariim Ihiiiiiis ciirrit .id inten isnm tempus, qiia>i it. tribus srptiman.T? diebus per
•paiium desiTii Indiii' pliiiinm dietaruin. velui (Iniiiii-, quoiisipie tandem se perdat in mare
areiio-iin pr.idii tiiin, at(pie ex tunc ipsi lapidcs |ieiiiiiis iion minparent. Tempore aiilem sui
nirsiis Miiliiis ap; ropiiii|iiarc pr.rsumit, prie slupiiii cius iS; molu ; scd tempore quieti't aditiir
nine peiiciilo \ii.i'.

In Oiieii'cin \er-us llutiij orijjinem ad inj;ressum deserii ira'zni inter qiiosd.im de moniibus^
ccrnitiir jjicndis tcrr.e ]dniiiies tiiupiam spaiio-i ci.mpi t.taliier areiiosi, in quo xidenlur ad
Siilis (irliini cvurjjcrf lie arena, .V secundum elcuat'oium .S..|i^ excrescerc quirdam virfiulta,
alqiie in (eruorc meriilici iimduirre rrucliim. Ac dc illo in Sulis ileciitio Irnclusdim arbiis-
tiili-i |)aii!aliin miiiiii. iV in occa-ii penitiVi depcrire, vndc & iiullun homiiuim audct illoruin
vti'friH'tilius. lie ^il (|uid (a t:isti(um \- iiociiiiiin.

In liiiius dcscrti iiiterii.ribiis, vidi Imn iiics in toto syliicstrrH, qui efsi in superinribiis formain
pr-rt lull re videaiiiiir human in, ilc^ceiidunt in subteiioribns ad t'orinam bcstiii' aliciiiu«.

Iloriim (pii.lam (routes ^^enint (oriiibiis a-pcr.it is, grinicnles \t fene vel apri : alij nonnulla
vli \iilci<tiir loquela, (piam nemo rationalinin iiouit, N: (|uibtisdam signiseoncepia (lepromunt.
F.I est iJi( pliiraliias svliiC'trii in caiium. tpii dii untur papinne<<, qtiibiis [xisKpiam edomiti,
& ad xeraiuliim iii-irui (i riieriiil, \aleiit cnpi iiiult.x liesn.r per desertiim. K-t iS: copiosiias '"'r'f*"'
papin<;onum ainuin viridliiin in lolore ipias apjiellant pbii ake, iSc (pianiin diuer-<asunt <;enera,
iKiinlion's balient l.ilas in ro^irn lingua-, \' in vtroipie pule dijjifos duos. I'.l ipiadam ex
islis nnliraliicr loipiunliir verba ;int proiierbia, sen salutaiinnes, in p.uri.i' idiomate, vt riii-
denler -aliile!* coiicdlaiil, 8c reddant viatoribus, \' noniiunqiiain dcl)itum iter erraiitibui per
Hesertum usiendant Minus aiitem nol'iles non liiqiiunlur e\ naiiira, ^cd si I tas babent lingiias,
iV non sunt vltn'i iluoriim niiiioriim irtatis, pusmml per as^iduitalem iiisiriii ad loquelam.

Aliie nee li<(| aiiilur, ncc erudiuntur, sed Holiim clainit.-n.t pro vocemilui, <& nisi ires di);ito»
habciit in pede.

Nota : in (|u:irla crientali Dens dedit fratribus niinoribiis majjnam gratia.-n, vnde in ma;;na
Tartaria ila ex pi I'uiit ab nbsessisda'mones, sici:t de donn raiies : Mule qiiaiidoipie per decern
clictas ad eos .-tdduciintur d.rmoni.ici allii^ati, it statiin (liiribiis prxcipientibiis in iiDmine lesu
Chri^li. exeunt, it liberal! liapiiAantiir, iSc combnriint idol i, \ plures credunt, & qiiandoque
exiiint iddia de ijfiie, & fratres proiiciunl aqnani bciti liiciain. iV ciimat dxmon. Vide, de
ireo habitaculo expdior propter fratrCH iiiiuorcv »ia mulli ( redunt, iV bapti/anuir. Ode-
ricus.

Item nota: dum rceedcrem de terra Prapsbvten loannis \ersus occidentem, npplicuiad con- Mr'-icoiJi

tratam '"* "

1S8'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. /. MandcuiU

•Vcl

rrgtonis.

^ItKhoractk

lui I .iraduui
Jiciitiut.

M.*naruilluf
(vriiUliii tCltlS.

trafam vnain, qnas dicitur Mclrsconle, qiiw piilclira est, & miiltiim fcrtilis ; inter monteii
duos Iniiiis * cniiirata! fcccrat qiiidani imiriiin cirtundnntem motcm, & in eo fontcs nobilisMimos,
& (imnt- dclcrtabile. Ft Iniiic lucum diiolianf |>;ira'Ji-um, -sicut hic fcr6 rontinctur. Ideo
Odoririis, qui postca narrat do \:illc inf.uista in ly i- sc- Iciininiit.

Ad supradictuin India- rcgmini rciitcx-.iri.T s;i!i>< prop^, & I t.i est & longa Insula, Misrhn-
rach, bonis roi)i()s6 iTlcrla, ilc qua vniini scrilio |)ru ii-rituni iiiiruin.

Ante paiicos lios annos, vill:iiiii< dilissinuis, sibi val.li- |)roci(wuin roiistruvoraf palatiuin,
quasi pro Paradiso terrosiri, ciriundatunt, nuinituiu rorialitijs, ac n-plctum omnibus corpora-
libus delirijs.

Illic an-.i", turrrs, ramenc, rubicula, mm abjs .xdilicijs, in mnlto nuiniTo, & glnria per-
inao-MJ/ica. ac hisforiarum pirturis, inter quas, noniiun(|uam prodijjioso anilicio iH'sii;i!& bes-
tiol.-p, aut's tS: auicula- discurrobant, volitabant, \ |)er pugnas, garritus, coilusiones, meticbantur
viuere.

I'lic prala, it pomrta, i*v: seruatoria circ;\ deliciosi rollis con^estum, distinrta velut omni
genere (Iitmmi, arbcrum, & herbarum, nim niu'tis t'onfibus& riuuiis, tpKiruin pcr>piruitn'», iV:
fbixiis in iHaris i-naucm & audilui pr.Tstabant reloi tioneni, \- su|)ct alKpios ruirunt exccptio-
ris aiiilii'ii, ciri'iniir.lrucli auro, & argento, I't geniinis, ,*(; trcs principales /bntcs eniitlcntisad
pnlaliuni Dcniini per orrultas conducias, ritnilns vini, lactis, ik melii<.

Copio.-iis quoquc niimeru-i rormosoruni puerorum, & put'lhu'iun, u'latis inter decern & sex
decern ann( s, induloruin ti'npiibus, & i ycladibus exaurali-i, e\crcenliuin infer ioccs caiitns
it speetacula, ac scruienlium suo Domino prope nutum. Au(bebantiT exturriuni cust(>dibu>-,
lice non videbantiir dulcisoi-m svMiph(.i;i.e, gcncruni diuersoium, vt eertissinu^ puiarcs, non
hominum, sed Angelonim : iS: in isiis, ac siniilibus, delicitbaiur isle viilaniis.

Sed & annnn liuido nil iiiuat, iino nocef : quia enim hic iniiidin' t't olij faciijus super in-
gcnuitaieni mentis omnium gencr.ilittT nobiliu:n principum veiel ainr in d rde: (ingenuitas
eniin, & nisticitas nunqnani cohaldtat in cordis vnodomicilio) ('ompo^ucrat iita sibi in hunc
finem, vt per se sin;;idos .iduocaiet alicp.ios vasallos corpore robusto-, menlt'(]; audaces, atq;
ad oinno proterniam bcn^ procliue-i; iSc cuibbet pro placitis nuineril)ns comnii<it \ t illuin
sen ilium principem sen H.odiien-, (pu'in dicebat silii aduersariii, c!,"im per in-idias vel iin-
petfi occidercf, promittcns (|nen(iuim povt factum ad sc rccepturum perpctuo in hunc locum:
si'd iV \elut \alicin.ni> p-cudo pr.e licjuit, si quern illorum pro his Mii^itijs eontigcret cor-
poraliter tradi morti, nihiloniiiiui animam eius in hunc amceaum I'anidisum reeipi, & viucrc
in ;Hcrnum

I'er hunc igilnr nintbnn noniuiHis nobiiibu* occisis, & inlerlectis, tandem nndabatur eius
nequilia tanfa, iV congregaii rejiionis IJar ncs mi<ernm orcidenmt, eius opera dcstruentes.
\\y^c ego inibi (bictus, vidi foniium loca, & multa rei vestigia.

inn

vnd

A P V T.

44.

\n:-'i

l)e loco & disposiiione vallis inraustae,

HVius ad ins\ilte extremit,ile< non procul a tluuio Py^on, liabetur locus mirabilim pariler
wV terribilis, vltraomne mnndann, penfc I'v piocul : de euenlibus, ac laboribus inlinitis, quit
niiiii nieisqu:' in tem|)ore itinerationis acciderunt liucusque subiicui, ci4m iain vniim dc maio-
ribns crvv narro.

r.-t illic in alpibus vallis infausta, qualuor fermfc leucarum : longiludo vallis, quasi ad qiia-
luor mijli.iria botnbardica. appellata vallis incantationis. sen periculosa, sen propiiYs dii-ino-
niosa: intr.\qunm dicbusac nociilins resonant boalus& timmlius tonitmorum, tcmpcstaluin,
rlamorum, lV -iriilorum, diuersiquc generis sonilutim terribilium, fjuos illic exercct multi-
ludo vpiriinnni malignorum.

I'roptf a^\ vallis medium sub vna riipiuin, apparet omni tempore visibiliter inlegru ac maxi-
mum ( aput dTmonis v. que ad humeros tantum, cuius speciem pr;c horrore nullii?* pleno in-
tuitu hninanus aiidet diu oculus sustincre : nam respicientes contrA aspieit iruculenti'r, api-
tant ocuKm minacitcr, tanquam ex palpebrin ciecturus (qux & scintillant) tlammas in altii;n.

Totuiiiquc

nati
rati.

anil
nen

\%i

S. I. Mandcuih

( : inter montt-s
tcs nobilisrtimoK,
)iuiiictiir. Iilc6

Insula, MisL-hn-

ixcrat piilatium,
innibus corpora-

ro, & gliiria per-

() In-siiic & bes-

incs, meticbantiir

linrfa vcliit oniiii

I piT-piriiilaJ, iV
rniriinf fxccptiii-
litcs »• mi 1 1 elites ad

Iter (ItTfin & SOX
liter iiicds cantiis
iniiiiii fiist(>tlil)ii<,
:im^ puiarcs, nmi

l;uil)iH super in-
rtle: (.innemiitas
at i'ta silii in hiinr
lt'(|; aiidues, atq;
eomiiii-it vt ilium
•r iii>-idias vel im-
ui) in liunc lotum;
js contij^eret tor-

II rccipi, & viiicvf

em nudaliaiur rius
opera dcstrucntcs.

IS inirabili>« paritcr
ribiit infinilH, i\\\K
iani vniim dc maiit-

vallis, quasi ad (|iia-
sou propii^^ dit'ino
itruni, Icinpcslatnm,
illic exercet imilti-

ter intcuru ac niaxi-
irc nullu«» pleno in-
fit iruiulcnt^r, a^;i-
) tiajnmas in alli!:n.
Totuinquc

S. /. Mmdcull.

TRAFFIQUES, and DISCOUERIES.

Totiimqiie caput spse rotat ad minas, & variat terribilit^r modum & continentiamsub repent^
(liuersis manericbus. Exilquc do illo per totum ignis obscuratus fumo, & foctor tantus, qu6d
per magnuin spatium viic pcssimam vallem infeclat.

■ Ingrcdi autcin volcntibus, apparet semper ad introitum valli^•, magna copia auri, argenti,
vasoium, vcstium, & rerum pretiosarum, quas prociildubio ibi daemoncs conflngunt. quibus
& ab olim miilti insipientium hominum concupiscentia tracli intrarunt, & vsquc nunc in-
trant pro colligendo thesauro: sed dc Infidelibu§ paucissimi reiiertuntur, im6 nee de Chris-
tiaiiis, qui auaritiiB eausa iiijrrediuiitur : per vallis antem semitam, quae inter montes & mon-
ti( ulo<!, tortuosa & aspera est, gradipntes vident, & audiunt, ojcmoniacos spiritus muItoH
volutantes, & imaginiliiis corpnruni visibiliuin, scrpentum, volucrum, vhilarum, lamiarum,
Si huiu^iiiodi spccicrum horriiiiliuni dcntibus niinitantes, vngulas erigcntcs, incognitos si-
bilos spirantes propfe super capita ad aures transgrcdientium. Semp6rque minuitur lumen
acris, donee ventum fucrit ad terribili-simum locum capitis antcdicti.

Si quis aulem sineer.c fidei Christianns per contritione vera & confessione, se posuerit in
statu sniuationis muniius corporis Cliristi mysterijs, ac signo crueis, cum intentione ibidem
agendi pccnitentiam de admissis, He cauendi de ailmittendis, putatur posse banc transire val-
lem seeurus (piidem a mortc, uon tamen liber a laboribus, horroribus, & tormenlis, & exire,
dc omnibus cul))i<< pr<xtcritis corruptis, ac dc futuris magis solito caulus, sicut scriptum est,
terrili piirgabuntur.

Ndia aliud mirabilc magnum. Vidi ci^m irem per vnam vallem positam iuxtd flumen quod
cgreditur de paradiso, vidi in ea multa corjjora mortuorum, in qua etiam audiui mulla ge-
nera Musicoriim, qui ibi mirabilitcir piiNabant : tantus erat ibi tinnitus Musicorum, qu6d in-
russit mihi tinioreni liDrribileni.

Est autem lotigitudo illius vallis quasi ad quafuor milliaria Lombardica, in qua si vnus In-
fidclis intrat, nunqiiam egreditur, sed sine mora moritur: Et licet sciui, qu6d intrantes mo-
riuntur, lamcn aceeptaiii intrare, vt vidcrem quid ibi esset. Dum intrassem tot humana ca-
(laiiera ibi vidi, quod nisi quis viderel, credere non posset.

In liac valle, ab vno eius latere, vidi faciem hominis vaid^ horribilem, qui tantum horro-
rcm niilii incussit, qu6d puta li me spiritum exhalare, propter quod saepfe repefij verbum vi-
tx, seilicet, verbum Caro f'uclum est.

Ad illam faciem non audebam accederc, nisi ad distantiam octo pas.suum : postei iui ad
caput vallis, & asreudi super mr.ntem arenosum, in quo vndique circumspiciens, nihil vi-
deham, nisi instrumeiita musiralia, quae audiebam f'ortit^r pulsare. Cim fuissem in capita
montis, repcri multum argcntum congregatum ibi in similitudinem squamarum piscium,
vnde jiiisui in gremii-, sed quod de ipso non curabam, dimisi illud, & sic illaesus transiui
Deo roncedente.

Sarraceni ciim hoc srirent, rcuerebantur me esse baptizafum, & sanctum : mortuos nunc
in valle dicebanf, homines infernaies.

Odericus .id literam hie fcrminat suum librum : non fuit tot perpcssus in valle, sicut ego.
Anno Domini ly.'JI. lanuarij nono, migrauit .nd Christum, in conueiitu Minorum : cuius vi-
(ain statim in line, A: v,-quc nunc tlaris niiraculis diuina prouidentia approbat, & commendat,
prout contincbatur in quaferno, h quo concordantias hie superseminaui.

Capvt. 45.

Dc pcricnlo & formentis in valle cadem.

IFaqiio (lifo vobis, cum ego cum sodalibus, qui simul eramus, quatuordecim diuersanim
natiiinuni ante ingressum liuius tanti periculi perucnissemus, nos tractatu longo, & dclibe-
ratioiie acuta coiisiliabamur, vtrumnam ingrcdi deberemus, & quidam aflirmabant, alii verd
ncgabaiit. Erit autem in numero duo deiinti fratrcs, de religione beati Francisei, natione
l.ombardi, qui videbaufur pro scipsis non mulium curare ingressum, nisi quia noluerunt ncs
aiiirnare ad ingressum, diiente^, si qui nostnnn |)er conressioncm, & Eucharistiae susccptio-
nemsc ibidem pracmunircnt, ingrcdcrentur cum illis: quo, ab omnibus mcdiantedebita pro-

^"'- "• S uisiune.

I i'

t- I

■'W

ii m 'I

<^.

130

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. 1. Mandeull.

! M

r il

i'.:i

r >,

A •:,;

MinbUiticiui.

iiisione, quain ipsi fratres penes so gerebant peracto, parauimus menteg nostras cum pedibus
ad intrandum.

Sed ecce quinqiie de nobis, duo Gracci & trcs Ilispani, semetipsns ab alijs segregantes,
visi sunt aliuin requircre introitum nos praecedere cupientes, & cent nos illos exinde noii
vidimus, & quid cis accidcrit an pcriculum siibierint, vclne ignoramus.

Nos autem nouem per vailein processimus in silcntio, & cum cordis ca deuoiione, quam
quisque sibi potuerit obtinerc : <S: eccc in breui transacto spatio apparucrunt cumuli massa-
rum auri & argenii, & prociosorum copia vasorum. Scd dico vobis pro parte mea, quia ni-
hil horum tctigi, rcputaiis id fallaciani daimonum confinxisse ad mittendum concupisceiiiiam
in cor nostrum, imo sine inferniissionc conabar cor meum custodirc ad deuoti'-nem incoptam.
Procedcntibus igitur nobis lux corli minuebalur pauiatim & augebalur horror, quoniam
prop6 nos viuiiqiic ctiam sub pedibus nostris ajiparcbant iaccre radauera mortuorum hominum
penitiis defunrta: nlin ndhuc spimntia, & nonnulla scmiuiua, super qua; dum nos ali(|uand()
calrarc contiiigcrct, conquerebantur, ac dolorosa submurmurabant.

Et lic^i non ccrtuui id habcbam, icstimaui hoc lieri in parte vcl in toto firtionc dacmonuni,
rcputnns in bi'cui tempore tuntam multiludincm hominum spontanea vallcm intrasse, & si ,<
longo tempore in ea perijssent putrcfaclos fuissc.

Ergo ill initio nostri processus quasi propc leucam inuenitur iter sub pedibus satis promji-
tuin, scd liimiiic tanquam ad medium nobis sufliiiente, via torqnebatur iiinii-, & asperaba-
lur: A: eice tigune daemoiium, circum it supn\ in acre se ferenliuni, ad imagines liorribi-
lium luporum, leonum, laruarum, inegeraruni, iuxlu cuiusrun lue genus vlulantium, ru-
gentium, stridentium, gannientiiun, hiantes ore, intcniaiitcs deni bus, rostris, ac vnguibus,
nos ternre, niordere, disrerperc, deglutirc.

Quapropier pro breui intcrdum soliito siientin nos inuirdm hi rtabamur, nc quis pro pu-
sillatiimilate terrori (cderct, iK: tanto deficerct in agcme. H ic igilin- mmio persecundam leu-
cam expiranic nobis vsque ad teiubras lumine, cpiousquc quis vix vinbram proxiini agnos-
cere possit, pra'tcr pr.Tciicla in acre Inrmciita, incurrebant ncbis ad tibias, \ jiedcs |)lurali-
tas (juasi porcorum, vrscruni, & caprarum grinnicntiuni, & impelientium w s ad lapsuni, quod
vel ad tertium, vel quartum, aut se.xtum passuni solatenus cadebamus in palmas, sen genua,
vcl pnisterncbamur in fai icin, aut supini.

Ac supenienere jjra-icr hoc vent irum turbine-!, nilgurum coru<<afiones, tonitruonun boa-
tus, grandinum casus iS.: exuiulatio pliiuiaruin, quanlas \- quaies luinquam accepimus in hoc
nuindo, quibus iactabamur, rucbamus, quassabamur, iV pcrirlitali fiiimus extrik narrandum

Ijiterdiiin quoque scnsimus tanquam graues baculorum ictus, per huiueros, dorsa, latera,
& ad renes, alij quidem graiiiires, alij vt puta secundum dcmeritum vniuscuiusquc. l",i
certt^ (lum per tanta tormcta, quasi cxhaustis fotis \iribus, iam propi" me<lium locum ^aIii^
erat ventum, accidit repent^, sul) \nico instanti tcmporis, qnibusdam nostrimi e.xp.ilmatio
ita dura, vt omnes pariti'r collisi, & prostrati iacereinus in extasi per vnam \el diias f'orsitaii
horas.

Et isfi) deliectu vidit quilibct sue modo spiritualem visioncm supermirabilem, & e.xcrdcii-
lem onine djr!um, & scriplum.

Ego vero dc vislone mca nihil ausu* sum scrlbere, vel loqui, quia & fratres singuli iuhi-
biipriini, !ii-.ideMs, qiiic lorporalitcr intucl)amur, \' passi sunuis.

(i'^ui^.-^imuni ••itigiiii suslinuinuis ii tuin per corporis loca diuersa, \nus in facie, al'us in
|)cci(irc, ad costas in dof'-o, \el ad humerum, & niansit ciiiquc sigiuim pcrcussiir.T nigcrri-
muni, ad formani virilis niaiius hunian.T :

1( turn auteni meum in colli ceruicc tjli ac taiita passione, vt putabam caput abscissmn dc
cor|)ore aui'larc : & hinc ad octodccimii annum niansit iiiihi in prima magnitudine signuin :
sed \: v-que nunc vari ito colore locus ille demonsirat pleiiissinv!; cicatricem, <lonec cum ca-
daucre tota miitabitur in scpulchro ; |)(in-o \ bi nos ab cxtasi in his tencbris separauimus sin-
guli per diuinam gratiam respirando, locpicndo, palpaiulo, erigendo nos ipsos inutua huma-
iiitatc, vt potuimus, recollegimus, & i nhort.ibaniur, cum subilo nobis apparuit sub tencbroso
lumine, vel potiu« fumosa caiigine, locus ille spatiosus media: vallis, continens antcdicliim

horribilc

ganf
niill(
vltr
an in
earn
Is

11 iff a
hoin
V
busd
niiiK

. i. Mandeuil.
as cum pcdibus

lijs segregantes,
illos exindc non

leuolione, quam
It cumuli massa-
rtc mca, quia ni-
concupiHceiitiam
i-'iiem inccptam.
horror, quoniam
tuorum hominum
im nos nii()uandu

tionc dncmoiuim,
I intrassc, & si A

libus saiis promi)-
nii-, & asperaba-
iinaf;incs liorribi-
s vliilantium, ru-
tris, ac vnguibus,

•, lie quis pro pu-
ptTsiTimdam Icu-
m (jioximi agnos-
, \ pedes piurali-
s ad lapstini, «juihI
);\liiias, heu genua,

, tdiiitniorum boa-
n acccpimus in hoc
s cxtrii narrandum
eros, dorsa, latera,
sniu»tuiiisquc. I'.t
edium locum \allis
lostrum exp:ilmatiii
m vel diias forsitan

bilcm, & fxccdcn-

fratres singuli inlii-

IM in facie, alUw in
percussurac nigcrri-

caput abscissiim dc
agniludine signuiii :
rem, donee eum ca-
ns separaiiimus ^i^-
* ipsDH niutua hiinia-
paruit sul) tenebrosii
jDtincns antcdictum
horribilc

S. /. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

131

horribile caput daemonis, plenus foetore inaestimabili, & iugi occupatus exercitatlone innu-
nieronim spirituum maligiiorum.

Hunc ergo Icum ineptu ciim vitare vellemus, in toto nequiuimus extremitatem cius, quo-
cunque girantes, nullus nostrorum perfecto aspectu audebat respicere quae gerebantur ibidem,
quia inuadens tremor statuebat horripilationem extrahebat, sudorem, & pudorem omnes ex-
tinguere videbantur. Nee tamen potuit esse consilium de reuertendo, ne propter immutatum
propositum confestim a dasmonibus stranguiaremur.

Transiuimus, Dei gratia nobis opitulante, sed non sine maximo horroris, foetorisque tor-
mento: rursumqiie ex tunc procedentes nos apprehendebal tenebrosa, validaque tempestas,
vcntorum, coruscationum, tonitruum, grandinum, & phiuiarum, cuius quassatione coliabe-
bamur in facies, & in dorso dextrorsmn, & sinistrorsum, interuohiente ad tibias, sicut priCls
raiiltiludinc grinnientiu-i besfiarum, nee dubito scribcre quoquc amplius, qui\m 500. vicibus
per banc vallem quisque nostrum sternebafur ad terram.

Post ver6 exactam terfiam leutani, coepit nobis augeri lux aeris, ex quo animo-
giores eflecti, in vno iranquilliori loco nos pariim pausantes. gratias Deo palmis extensis
in caelum, reddidimus immensas, & praecipufc qu6d nullus dcesset de nouenario numero
socioriim.

Niliilomiiius tamen spiritus in aerc nobis minari non cessabant, pretendcntes in derisionem
sua pudenda Kimul, & f'ocda viriiia & jiosteriora.

Pro ccrto er^o habealis de his quae vidi, & scnsi, nullam possum vobis tradere acquipol-
lentiam verborum, ci>m quia graiiissima erant, turn quia singulis r" mihi deuotionem mi-
nuerct non altcndcbani, tiim etiam, quod prac horrore, laborc, & dolore multa me;norifE non
commendabam.

Per quartam autcm leucam (diictrice gratia) Icuiiis transeuntes, sustinuimus tamen sub
ipedibus hominum cadauera mortuorum, propi vallis exitum rerum tentamina preciosarum.
Nunc ilaque obsccro magno cordis aflTectu, hnec logcntes & audientes ego, qui in ilia hora
f Ta me agebat misericordissimi Dei pielas ignorabam, vt velitis pro me, simul & me-
'' mentis intiino collaudarc ipsum Dominum, qui tunc de potestate tenebrarum illarum
■ ,..:ii me indignum, & prout cnnlido, ;\ delictis iuuentutis me purgauit, quatenus de posted
commissis, & committendis, mihi propitiiis fore dignetur, ciim iam senior sim eflTectus. Quo-
niam etsi ex tunc proposui mores corrigerc, ex nunc statue in melius emcndare, per filium
eius lesum Christum Dominum nostrum.

Ad hoc, addo breuiier, quod non auderem hortari qucnquam, me consulcntem, vt spon-
tanee ingredcretur hanc vallem infaustam, quamuis ego curiosus intraui. Venientes posthac
ad proximas habitationes, neccsse fuit nobis intcnderc ad rccreandum corpora cibarijs, &
baliieis, & ad medendum vulneribus, & quassafuris, donee per aliquod tcmpus vnusquisque
accipcret deliberationcm super sue futuro.

C A p V T. 46.

De quibusdam alijs admirandis per Indonim insulas.

VT modo procedam in tractatu. Sciatis ad paucas inde diitas grandem insulam haberi gi- ciginw. An-
gantum, ad statiiram altitiidinis viginti quinque pedum nostrorum, de quibus ijisc vidi non- ''>"'P<'P'"e'-
nullus, sed extrA terram eorum, & audiuimus esse intrinscciis quosdam triginta pedum, &
vlira: hi operiuntur nor. vestibus, sed bestiarum pellibus vtcunque sibi ajipensis, comcdenfes
animaliiim carnes crudas, & lac pro potu sorbentes, atquc appetentcs super omnem esum
carnes hunianas.

Istorum non ciiraiii intrare insulam: nam & audiui quc^d ad maris littus solent insidiari na-
uigantibus, nauesquc submergerc, nisi intcrdum redimantur tribus aut quatuor per sortem
lioininilnis sibi datis.

Versus Austrum hinc in mari Occano, habctur inter alias insulas, vna, vbi crudelibus qui- i.«i/„i upc*-
busdam mulieribus nascitur in oculis lapis rarus, & malus, quic si per iram rcspexerint ho-'"'""'''""'"
iiiincm, more Basilisci intcrficiunt solo visu.

S2 Jit

}3i

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

S. J. Mandeuit.

mA ]i

i.i, I I

!>■

fj t

< 1^1

, H

I :!' ^

InsuU vhi vir-
ginei vitiamiir
antrqu^m nu-
bant.

^ Vel Cotluii.

Irrentis.
Nun li.dcj.
DrkftjIiS be 11J

Et virra banc insulara alia maior & populosior, vbi ciim iniilti sint vsua nobis iiisucti, vniim
describo.

Diini desponaauerit vir pucliajH, virgiiicin, niandat homincin iiiconipasiiimi, veliit ribal-
dum. qui sua idonca clauc per c.xpcrtos super hoc diiijjcnti'r considcrala, n't rcpulaiur idone.i
rcscret & vcsligct sub iioctc vniia \irginalem conclauein, pro incrccdr sibi tradiia compc-
leiiti. Et si postcra iioctc aicedciis spoii.sus ita non iiuicnrrit, potcrit, & consucuit hoiniiiein
impcterc ad mortis iudicium iiulccliiiabilc. Cuinquc biiius inoris discorc voluisscm causani,
acccpi rcsponsum, pro ccrtis tcinporibus apud eos, virgiiiis iiajjuissc in matricibus paruus
serpcntcs, quibu.s noccbantur prinu ad illas inirantcs.

Idcoq; & \iri, qui pro inerccdi" tantum subcunt pcriculum, votant sua ioqucla cadibrum,
est, stultos despcratos.

Ex liar, appnrtt Insula in qua inter alios vsus, peruemffi sunt matros contra iialuram &
scriptiirH, rum |)cpi'rorint coiitristantur, & dum proles moritur iociidantur, iaciantcs in mag-
no i<>iic rum roiuiiuio & exultaliuno, dumquc maritus luitc vxorcni dccedit, patrbit vxnri^
plena dilertin, .si i urn rorpore niariti, quod rogo tradiiursc iaciat rrcniandam, \t <|uia in Islo
seruio sti'tcruMt anMris vinrulc colligati, non sint alio separali.

Ncr tamen intrlli<;unt illud seruluni, nisi (piod sibi ronlinguni terrcsfrem Paradisuin. I'ue-
runi aul minorc annis, traliet mater scrunj si placet, sed .etalis puer pcrrrrlic, cligct pro
proprio plariio viurrc superstc«, aut mori iuxia parentcs

Uir etiam non succcduni Hcges per generaiioncni scd per clectionem, vt assumatnr non
nobilior, aut FortiMr, scd niorigcratior, iV iusiior, 50 ad minus annoriim, niillani iiabens so-
boleni aut vxorcm, scriiaiur(pic illic iustiriic rigor in plena rens-ura, in omnibus & contra
omncs, etiamsi forrrrreril ipse Hex, (|ui nee e\imitur a traditis legibus pro concup scentia
vol rontemptione quarumlibet personarum.

Veruntamen Hex si percauerit non orcidilur ob rcuerentiam, scd (puxl sub |Kena
mortis, public^ inhibetur, ne quispiam in Hrgioiic ei verbo vel vllo f.iiio eommiinieet.
&• tpioniam sui loco alter rex riin,->lituiti;r, ncccsse est ilii breui vita degerc vel pcrpcluo
exulare.

Constat post ipsam, iV alia Insula, niullis bonis loruplcs, & liominibus papulosa, dc
qua rccoio scribcudum, ipiod nulla orrasione roniednnt irii genera carniinn, galli-
naruni, leporum, &l auiarum, ()uxs eisi niilri;>iit in copi.js, viuntur duniaxat pcllibus aut
pluniis.

Cajlcrarura vero bestiaruin ^: animaliuin liriti; vestuiiiur < arnibux pro virtu, & lade pru
potn. Ibi quisq; ^ir liriie potest omiungi cui(|ue mulieri, quantnmrunque propiuquet,
exreptis progenilciribus, [.aire \' inatrc. Nam rohabitaiio, & conimixtio omnium viroruni
ad singulas nuilieres apparet ibi communis, vjkIc nialer nalum paruulum suuin, aditil
pro sui plarito cuiri'inque \iro, qui cirra gener.itionis tempus serum dorniierit, nee \n-
let \IIun \irorum esse rerlus de ])rcprio generalo, (pieni nuiduin exiegem aibitror iV
turpein.

Sicut ergo |)ra;rafus «um, mult.i inira xidentur per He. ioiies IikItuiii, niiia (piidc nchi^.
sed illis assueta, cjuilius si noMra recitarentur assnrta, audireni [-ro miri";. Nam X- (lu:n (|ui-
busdam dixi auras viuas :i|)iiil nos nasri in arboribus'. adniirati sunt satis. In n.ultis loils
seiniiiatur singulis annis semeiitiim de l| Cothon, quid nos dirimus lanani arboream, exiii-
gUDl ei modira arbusta, \el |) tius ariiusiula de (piilnis laiis l.iiia liabrlur: est arbor Iiuii-
perus de ruins ligno desiccjio, si rarbniie.* \iuos siih propiijs tinrribus tenueris diligcnlcr
(ipertos, igiiili seruabuntrr ad annum.

list \: yeiius N'lirimi iiirr.dihilis magiiitudiriis a;l (|uantiiat('ni magni rapilis: & bestia vo-
rata, orallans, vel srrfans, n rporc in nostroiuiii allituiline (aljallorum, it rolln in yO lungi-
tudine ( ubitiiruni ad prtHpiriendum \llra donids iS.; nuiros, cpioniin j)osteiii.ra a|>parcnt M
liiiinirnli sine lerni.

(iei.us est eiiam C'amelionuni ad formam hvniuii.irum, cpii semper palulo tendunt ore, vrl
nil manducantC'*. Viuunt dc acre, qux ctiain ad suuni libitum vidcntur sibi variare colorem.
exceptis (vt dirilur) aibo vet rul-eo.

Maxir.'.i

ni|

I'
III

111

y. /. Mandeuil.
)is iiiiiueti, vnum

mm, veliit ribal-
rc{nitatur idoncit
tradila rompc-
isucuit hoininein
luissem cauKam,
iialricibus paruos

oquela cadibram,

nntra iialuram &
iactantcs in mag-
it, patrbil vxori->
nm, \t <iuia iiilslo

P.iradisiim. I'lic-
TrciliE, cligct pro

vt assuiiiatiir noii
iiiilKun habt'iis so-
oiniiibus & contra
|)r<j cniiriip scrnlia

qiuxl sul) poena
f.iito I'omnuiniitt.
I'gcre vol pcrpcluo

ibus pnpiilosa, dc
ra (arniiini, galli-
intiixat pcllibus aiit

\iriii, & latio pni
'Uiu)iie propinqiut,
iu oinniuin viroriim
luluiii Miiiin, aiihil

doriuicrit, iicc \a-
xlegcin ail)ilr(ir iV

, niira qiiiilc nohi*.
Nam iV dim <|iii-
itis. In tr.iilti.s ioi i<
Jill arborcani, cxiir-
tur: est arbor liini-
I tcnui'ris diligciilcr

■a|)itis: & bcstia vo-
iii « ollii in 'iO lonj;!-
stcricra apparent M

tulo tcndiinf ore, \t'
sibi variare ('(iloreiu.

Maxir.ii

S. I. Mandeuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AMD DISCOUERIES.

t3:i

Maximi qu6q; serpcntes, inuiccm qiialitate, & generc difTcrentcs atq; colore.

Aliqiii crisiam mi capile gcrtint, qtiidnm more hominiim ad duos pedes erecti incedimf, &
nonnulli qui dicuntur Roguli, vcneiuim per era distiliarc noii cessanl, nee non qiiam plures
rocodrilli, de qiiibus aliquid in pra;cedentibus retiili: & ajiri in nostronim magnitudinc Apri ing.mc.
bouin, !«pino-.i eririj, in quantitate porronnn, Icones albi in altilndine dextrarioriim. Lo"- lJXhu^
herauf, sen Edouthes per Indiam habeiitiir, quod fcrarum genus satin est naius nostris com-
niunibus equis, gerens in fronte tctri capitis tria longa rornua, ad formam pugionis, ex
viraque parte scindenlia, vt cis nonnuuqiiam intcrficiant Klephantes.

Alia- qu6q: be-iti.'c cm leles vt vrsi cum capiiibus fere aprorum & habentcs pedes senox,
qui linduiitur latis vngiilis bis acutis, & cum caiidis leon\un siuc pardoriim.

Kt quod vix credetur, mures pro quantitate, 10, aut 12. nostroriun & vespcrtiliones ad
mndum coruorum.

Scd ik aucic in fripio maiores noftlris, plumis indutoc rubris, nisi quod in pectorc & collo
aj)paret nigredo.

lit brcuiit'r tarn ibi quani alibi, iubcntur pisces, bcstias volucres, aut verines diucrsorum
gcneriini, aiit s|ii'cicnim, do quibus hoc loco, vel inntiiis, vcl prolixa jiossct fieri narralio,
quod ncc illis qui nuiiqiiain propria cxicruni, credibilis vidcretur.

(•

A 1' V T.

.♦ •• De Bracinaunorum & alionim Insulis.

BRacinannorum Insula quasi ad medium Inipcrij cosistit Priesbyleri loannis. Hij licet
ClirisiijMJ mill Mint, viuuiil faincn naturali optiiiio more. Rudes cnini & incoinparati, sim-
|)iiccs, ^ iiisi'ij omnis artis apparent. Non (upidi, superbi, inuidi, iracundi, gulosi, aui
luxiiriosi ncc iiirant, rraiidant, aut mentiuntur. Laborant corpore, sed intendunt aiiinio
inipicre (pio ad \alent naturalc mandatum, hoc facias alijs quod tibi vis fieri : crcdcntcs &
adoranl'-'s tiinniuni crcatorcm Dcuin, & sperantes ab ipso siinplicitrr Paradisum.

Sobrij (|iio()ue sunt, qiiapnipter & longo tempore viuunt : cSt si qiiis ab corinn moribus
degeiicrat, pri-icribitiir pcrpetuo sine mora, omnibus nulla posita ditlercntia personarum,
viide & ill iuito Dei iiidiiio, «|u6d naturalem excrcerc iusiitiam contendunt, Elementa eis
raluralilcr obsccpiuntur. \- r.iroc<s iHiii;it tcnipcstas, aut fames, pestilentia aut gladius.

Magna riparia dicta Clienc currit per Insulam, ministrans piscium & aquarum copiam : Istos
oliin Alexander rex (irccorum dcbcllare cupicns, mi^it cis literas comminationis, cui inter
cetera nolabilia rcmand.iuerunt, nihil .sc habere ciiriosi, quod Rex tantiis dcberet concupi.s-
ccre, tiihilquc if.i sc timcre perdituros sicuf pacem bonam, quam liactenus habuerunt incon-
cussam : sicque diuino iiiitii est actum vt Rex truculentiis ad alia se verteret, atque in breui
pnsimiKlum caderet, quia dis^ipat Dominus eos, qui bclla volunt, & istis manet pax multa
diligeniibiM cam.

I'yfan Insula breiiis continet paucos Si. brcues habitatorcs, Pvgma'is modico longiores, qui
dccoris Miltibus ntillo vii(]uain cibo vcsceiitcs, specialis pomi qiKnl secuin portant siistetantur
odorc, quo si carrrenl ad paniiii, c(>lor in viillu niarcesicrcr, i*v: die terlia vita iieriret.

Discrctio & ralioiiabi ii.is ij< adcst niodica, ncc enim liabcnt laborarc nisi pro vestitu, qiicm
slbi cir(a arbusta colligiinl : IU conlicit \nusquisq: pro I'i aiinis \ita'sii,a\

Mtra haiic Iiiviilain siliicsfrcs, & fortes hab'-iilur homines, ^ed bistialcs, vestiti per totum
corpus proprijs capillis lV [lilis, exccptis palmis, & faciebiw, cpii videntur penitus gubcrna-
tione i"C: poliiia carcre : vcnaiKur carnes per silua:*, tSf discurnmt piscantcs in aquis, omnia
• riula ■ orantes.

Huiusad tcrrae inetas manat fluuius Briemer lalitudinis duarum leucariim, & semis, quern
nos iransirc nequiuimus, nee ausi fuimus. Quoniam illo transniisso instant deserta 15. aut
piiirium di;ctatum inliabitata nuc temporis (prout audieramus) diucrsis & nobis ignotis genc-
nijiis be-stiarum, scrpciifum, <lracoiium, gryphiu, aspidum, clypsarum, & cohibroru in imil-
titudinc tanta, vt centum milliaarmatorum siinul perlingere vsqui; ad arbores, quic ibi di-
cuntur

FIu;ntii Chfnf.

Pywn.

i-lii.

r ii)

\i :«:/i

ii L

m^\ 'i

'l ii i '

1.14

-Ileum.

ri['robana li>

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. 1. JMandcuil.

Oiilla.
ArjiM.

1Ij!.c lo.uni
r-it.it Ucijidii»

MmjtDI III tN.t

c^iit.i gcncrjl:.

DjKnfi.g Pin

( iiiitur soils & hina\ vix possent. Altamen suo tempore Alexander magnus acribitur perti-
Sissc, & qiiacdam ah arboribiis licfilia siiccepisse responsa.

Circa has arborcs cxcolitiir 15alxamiim, cuius liquoris comparatio nusquam scitur rontiiieri
sub coeio. Nam ibidem homines de isiarum arborum fructibus & BaNamo vtcntes dicuntur
illoriim virtute quadringciilis aut piuribus annis viuere.

I'cruenit autcm & Du\ D.iiius Ogcrus, ac manducauitde illis, vnde & nonnullipr.-c sensus
-toliditate vcl fidei louitatc putaiit ipsum adhuc alibi viuere in terris. Eo;o autcm quia tantum
pro diiatamla Christiaiiitale laborauit arbitror magis, euin regnarc cum ('hristo in ccelis.

Versus Oiicntalcs park's Indorum ronsislit magna regie Taprobane cxiibcrans optimis fcr-
rciiorum iKiiiorum, in quain nauigio infrauimus in octo vcl circa diaetis per aquam satis te-
iiiicm, hand profundam. Ibi, sicut i*i; in alijs miiltis Insulis, rex non nasciliir sed eligitin
l)er partes terra; : &: est iia-c vna dc (|uindi'cini nominatis Hegionibus conquisitionis Ogeii.
Ista, cum modicum declinet a circulo terra- sub .liquatore, patitur in anno diias ;rstafes, \
duas hyeines, si tamen hyems aliqua diti dcbeat, & non magis a^sfan, quia nulhis luc die>
anni caret friiclu, flore, gcrmine.

Habitalorcs sunt discrcti, & honesti, vnde & mercalores, dc remotis partibus libenter cum
ijs connniniicaiit ; & sparsim per regioncm habitant piurimidinites Christiani.

Ilijs iunguntiir dua- insula? (qiias nos vocanuis, Urilla, & Argita,) quanqiiam ilia lingua
aliter nominenlur. In qiiarum prima sunt nuilta> mincria; auri, in secunda argcnti, & pro))-
Irr qiiandain rrassiludinem aeris continuam, perpaiica apparent sydera, pra-ti?r \nun) quod
dicunt Canopfi, quod a:slimo planclam Veneris. Kt quod mirum est valJe, de omiii Junatione
ijs apparot nisi 'i. quarla. Cuius roi probabilis ratio etlugit cliam Astronomos vald^ pcritos.
IIAtque per has Insuias quoddani rnbruni njare a mariUccano segregatur.

Iiaq; in Orilla in locis mullis enbdilur, colligilur, & conflatiir optimum auri meiallinii.
per viros, mulicres, & paruulos in hoc insirurtos, sed & in nimnullis ilii montibus monstran-
lur congregationcs bestiolarum in quantitatc nostrorum catulorum, in I'ormicarum forma ac
nalura totali : qui pro suis virii)us cUbdiunl, purilicant, & collignni cum iiitcnta occupationc
auri minntias, cas reponcnics, it rcpo-ilas rctrahentcs de caueriiis & spcrubus in cauernas &
-pecus. Ht in conseruando sunt diligcnte.s & acres, \t nemo audcat de facili jiropinquare,
nisi quod intcrdmn ab illis j)ausantibus, stu ab a'stu sc occullantibus, aliqiii non sine pcriculo
in dromedarijs & vcredarijs rapiunt, vcl fiirantur.

Solct etiani ab cis obtincri, quod excogitato ingenio super equam qua- nuj)er fwtum edi-
dcrit, imi)oncntes hciUiines duas do ligno listulas sen copliinos nouos, vacuos, & apcrfos ;\
laleribus depondentcs prope tcrram ; hanc famelicam dimittunt vt se pascat ad herbas in
montcni : Quam furmica- \'tdenles solam, salientes & iocantes, cnlludunt ad cam & ad cius
(■(inlincs pro noiiiiate : & quoniam cis est naturale, vt circa se omne vacuum implere conen-
iiir ('(important cerlalim atifuni sutnn in vasculis suis mundis. Ci'imque homines a remotis
(cinpus obseniaiicrint, emiltunt ])ulluni equap vt videat niatrem, cuius aspcctu iam diu stclit
priuatus, ad ( uiiis hinnitum protiniis eqna reuertitur onusta dc auro. Ilijs erg6 & similibus
inodis homines aurum diripiunt a formicis.

Capvt. 48.
Aliqnid dc Info Paradisi tcrrcstris per auditum.

AI"inihu>. Impcrij India? recta linea in orientcm nihil est habitalum vel habitabile, projitcr
nipiiun, & nioiiiiiiin aiiiiudincni, iV aspcritalcm, & propter acris inter Alpes diucrsitatem ; nam
III niulii". locis, licci (]iiaii(l()<|uc acr sit scrcnus, nunc (itspissus nunc I'umosus, vel venenosus, iV
I'retiuenter die medio tcnebroMis. l)iir/int(]uc aut potius aggrauescunt huiusmodi dif1icidlate<,
VKjuc ad illiiin ama-nissiniiMn Paradisi locuni, quern imiloplausti per inubedicniiam sibi iV
posleris pcrdidi^sc noNCUiiliM', (jiiod spacium si metiri posset, est mullarum \iique dia-tarinii.
Quia iam non \ltcrius proce«si, ncc procedere qniui, pauca dunlaxat de illo loco releramvc-
risimilia, qua' (!idi( i per auditum.

Paradisus tcrrcslris dicitur locus spaciosus ad amplitudinem quasi qujn(|; Insulartnn nos-

tranun.

S. 1. JMandeuil-
; acribitur perti-

scitur rontiiieri
vtci\tes diciintiir

inulli pnx scnsus
tem quia tantiini
to in ccelis).
•ans optimis tcr-
r aqtiam satis tc-
-iliir scd eligitiir
[uisilionis Ogi-ii.
tliias jr.statcs, \
ia inillus iiic iliis

hiis iibcnter cum

li.

iqunm ilia lingua

ar^ciiti, & prop-

irlor Muiin qiind

Ir omiii liinationc

los \Mi; pcritos.

n aiiri inctalliim,
)iitil)iis iiuinstran-
)i('anim forma ac
tcnta orcupationc
HIS in caiirrnas i.^
icili ]>ropinquarr,
non sine pcriculo

niipcr ffftum cdi-
ruo.i, & apcrtos \
sr:it atl hcrb.Ts in
ail fain & a<l ciim
III iniplcrc coiicii-
homincs a rcinotis
crtu iain diu stftit
1 crg6 iV similibus

labitnbilc, propter
diurrsitatt-m: nam
;, vr! vrncnosus, iV-
!<modi difliciiltatc^^,
ibc'dicnliani sibi iV
xtiqiic di.Tlaruin.
jo loco rclVram vc-

Ki; Insularum im-i-
iraniiii.

S. /. Mandcuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

135

tranim, Anglias, Normanniac, Hiberniffi, Scotiae, & Noruegiac, aut forsan satis phirium. Cuius
situs est pertingens in altitudiiie ad aeris supremam superficiem, eo quod illic terra vel
terra; orbis sit multuin spissior quim alibi per modum excentricum a vero centro mundi, nee
valet hoc deinde ab aliquo experto refelli, scriptura veritatis clamantc, quM ibi sit fens irri-
gans vniucrsam superficiem terrse ; aquae enim est natura semper flucre ad ima.

Exeunt autein ab illo fonte versus nostri partes hemispherij, hoc est nobis dc illo loco in
occidentem quatuor flumina, Pyson, Gyon, Tygris, & Euphrates, ab ista dimidia parte terras
circa /Equatoris circuliiin trrrae influenfes, quapropter & merito crcdendum videtur, exire dc
eodem fonte & alia quatuor flumina irrigantia tcrram oppositam, qute est circa alteram diini-
diam partem circuli /liquntoris, quamuis nos coriim fluii.inum loca, virtutes, & nomina ig-
noramus, quod homines habitant ab alia parte i^quinoctij.

Hoc tamen volo sciri pro vero & aiidiiii, illic terras faciem inhabitatam in maxima multi- ctmcsad jui
tudine ciuitatum, vrbium, & regie . quoniam & eorum institores Indiam frequentant, & trum Atqu«o-
nunciant sibi iiiuicem gentcs & pn,u ipes per literas, ac alijs modis destinare sunt visi.

Vnus noslroruin fluuiorum Pyson currit per Indinm, & per eius deserta quandoque sub
terra, scd s»piiis supra, qui & Ganges illic appellatus est, ab illo vltimo Paganitatis rege, oint««fluuiui.
quern Dux Ogerus deuictum vhm baptizari renueret in ipso flumine proicctuni submersit.

Ad littus hiiius reperiuntur multi lapides praeciositatis immensae 8c metalli grani ca-
rissiini, nee non & auri mincriic, mult(imque desccndit in eo natans lignum Aloes ex Para-
diso, quod rebus mir.Tc virlutis inserit Salomon in Canticis.

nine secundus fluuius Gyon, turrit per Aethlopiam, vnde dum venit in jEgyptu, accipit
nonien Nilus. Teriius Tygris vcniens per Assyriam influit maiorcin Arineniam & Persiani :
taiidt<ini|; fluuij singuli per loca singula se iartaiit in mare per quod defluunt vsq; ad Nador,
id est, ad opposituin diamelrum paradisi ; Idc^q; merito icstimantur omnes vniuerso orbc
aqua' dulces origine caperc, i\ siipraditto paradisi fonte, quamuis secundii distatiam mniorem
vel minorem. Si secundum naturasrerum per quas meant diuersos habere inueniuntur sapores,
atq; virtutes.

I'orrc^ ipsum Paradisi locum audiui h tribus plagis, orientali, meridional!, 8e septentrio-
nal), iiiaccessibilem tarn hoininibiis qui\ni bestijs, eo quod apparet ripis perpendicularitcr
abscissa, tanquain inestimabilis allitudinis. Et ab occidente id est nostra parte tanquam super
oinniiim humanorum intuitum rogus ,i:\lo'<, qui in scripturis rumphea flammea appellalur, vt
niilli creatura; tcrrenac ascesus in eli crcdatur nisi qiiibusdam volatilibus, prout decrcuit iusti
iudicij Deiis.

Ambiilaiitibus enim illuc siue repeniibiis hominibus obstarent tenebrae imo rupes, aer in-
fcstus, bc!<tiac, sorpentes, frigus, & camiia. Nauigare autem contra ictum fluminis nitentes
impedirct intrinsccus recursus, ac impetuosU't & quandoque subterraneus aqua; cursus de-
sccndeniis cum vehemenlia ab euectissimo, vt dictum est, loco, qui suo qu6que strepitu,
per petras ;'itq; strictos aliosquc diuersos cadens !>iirgites, cfliccrct siirdos, & aeris miitatio
ca-cos, vnde & mulli tain nobiles quAin ignobilcs, fatua sese audacia in isto pont-tcs pcriculo
pcricrunt, alijs cxcoecalis, alijs absiirdatis, & nonnullis In ipso accessu subitanea morte per^
emptis. E\ cpio nimiriiin credi habetur istuni Deo displicere conatiim. *"

Qiiapniptcr & ego c\ illo loco statui aniinuin ad rcpatriandum, quntenus Deo propitio,
Anglia qua* me produxit seculo viucntcm, suscipcret inoricntein.

C A P V T. 49.

In reuertendo de Cassan, & Riboth, & dc diuitc Epulonc.

EXhinc de illis quae in reuertendo vidi scribo cursim j)auca, ih- modum exccdcre videatur
materia, Reucrtebar ilaque cpiasi per Aquilonarc lain* Impcrij Ircsbyteri loannis, & nunc
terr.T, non mari nos commrndantcs, transiuimus Deo Duttorc, nuiltas InMilas in iniiitis diatis,
Si peruonimus ad rogionem magnam Cassan: hac cum sit vna de quindccim liabens longi-
tudincm diataruin (30. & latitiidinem propi! 30. posset esse nominatior omnibus ibi circa pro-
uiucijs, si a nostris frequentarctur.

Kotandum,

Vis fCT qiism
MandeviiUul rc-

Ciisif'.

i:m

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. MandaiU

I , :

M^ ir^ f

'\ '

Hikotli.

(jtbaiiiisum-
mvii ittnloluin

NMaiuluni. Cassaii (,«fundum Odcriciim) est melior proiiincia dc niiindn, vbi sfrirtinr
est, Iiabct di»tas 50 vbi loiiRior (lO, & est vna de 12. proiiincijs Imperij Grand Can. Est ist.i
piUmlosa, distincta ciiiitatibiis, vt qiii^quc i\ quacunqiic plaga de vna exeat ciuitate nouerit
aliam in media dix-ta proijiriquain. Tcni-tque istam rogicniem Cassan rex dines & potent,
prii i)ar(c dc Imperio IVajshy tcri hiannis, & pro parte dc Imperio Grand Can.

l)c i>ta in rcucrsiono nostra veiiimiis ad Re^num Riboth, qnod similiter est vnnin de quiii-
decim, latum, & speriosuin, in »|no dc multis bonis, habetiir plena copia. Hoe tenclur in
totode Imperio 'fartaroriim.

\'na est ibi infer \; super omnes ciuitas .Sarerdotalis, & Rcgia, in qua Ilex liabef snmn
maiisnilicinri palaliiiin, X: suinmns Idolorum I'oiitilex quern Labassi appellant, mi omnes Reg-
ni ohcdiiint, & popiili siiiit Doniino I'apae noii Christiani quoniam & iubet, & benedicit, at
conlcrt sacerdotibus bcntlicia idolorum.

Ciuilafis vndique miiri siuit rompacti albis it nij;rii« lapidii)us eonquadralix ad inodiim nca-
karij, omiifequc ronlracta; simili pauinieiito f<unt stratac. Tanta est illic rcncreiilia sacri/iri-
orum vt si quis vel in mcdira quantitate, sanj^uincm liominis, seu iinniolatici.i- |>C( iidis l';!-
di!<se dcprchensus liicrii, ncquaquam iudicium mortis eu.idel. Kl inter iiinunieras sujjcntli-
tionc* est illir vna talis,

Hitrcs cuius pater dcfungilnr, si aliruins viill esse reputationis, mandat copiiatos, .Tmir(>-,
Kcllif;ii>s()s. & saccrdotcs pro posse, qui certo Die ronuenicntts sub maj;no Syinplxiriia' ('o>-
to, L'oinportant dcruiirti cadauer, in nionlis sublime cacumen. ll)i arcedcns dijjnior Pri^la-
loruni, funcris caput abscindit, tradens h.Tredi in lureo disco decatanti sub douotionc suas
orationes cum suis in propria lingua. Afquc interim aucs reijionis rapaccs, iV immund.T, \t
corui, vultures, & aquilac-, qua* pro con^ueludine optimf^ morem norunf, aduolant maj;no lui-
incro in ai-re : Tuncque Rellifjiosi cum sacerdotihus dctruncant corpus in (ru-^ta velul in nii-
cello, pvoijcientes pecias in ahum auibus, ac decatantes certain ad hoc compo^.itam oralio-
nem, tanquam si nostri saccrdotcs cantarcnt. .Subuenite sancti Dei. \'c.

V.t habct corum oratio, lunic scnsiun in sua liiijjua. IU'spi( e <|ii."ini iiistiis \- sane ttis tx'i.
til homo iste, quern Anj;i'li Dei conuoniunt acciperc & in I'aradisum detcrrc. 'I'alique (li.i-
holico errore delusi, pufant filius, & a.iiici, quod dcfunrtiis sit in Parailisuni Iranslafus, \iiiaf
illic scnipiterne beams, quDuiain, vbi jWurcs comieuerc volucrimi, iiii niaiorrm lirtuntur \-
iactant fuisse numcrum An^cloruni.

nine delude reu. rtentcs, cum ciwris, iSj resonantia .Mu^icomm, lilius paralum prfrstat oni-
nilnis cdiuiiiiiiuu, in cuius line pro cxiremo fercul", (radii sin;;ulis particular, de ])atris (a-
pite summa cum deiu)lione. Ilane cliam capitis caluariam lilius facil pustmodum del)it('' f, r-
uiari I's; poliri sil)i pro cvpho, in quo bihil inconuijs, ob recordaiionem amantissimi patris.

Ab hoc Regiu) decern dieti.s ])er potestatem Imperatoris (irand Can. inuenitur Insula dc-
lectabilis, & speciosa s;uis: cuius Hex est pra?poteiis in gloria, i^ in diuitijs superabundant
iV de multis ipia- illic jjerunlur admirandis vnum recito solum.

Quod est ibi homo quidam dili.ssimiis nullius dignitatis nomine honora(us,sed bysso, ac «r-
rico udornatus, iV splendide oiiini tempore epulatus: non er>;() Mill dici priiurps. Dux. ro.
me-, miles, aul luiiu-modi, licel siipcrioritatem habeat supi r irarchioncs aliqiKis \- baroiu-i
I'.iiis posscssionis valor ;i's|imaiiir in anno ,'jO. euman de assinarijs l)ladi, iV lisj, ncc (jimrii
iii«i tieiilio-c \iuere in islo seculo, vt cum diuite F.pulonc sepelialur in inferno. Cum cli.Tn
•■il)i (lerclii lus sil, iste\iuen(li modus a retrdjjeniloribus, eiiin ^. ipse posicris dtTeliiKiui'l.
Ilii i.oi()uam Inipeiiaii iisidct paiatio, cuius muri ainbilus ad Iraciiun leiici' lenditiir, conii-
neiis arbusia, \inela, riiiiilos, (ontes &: siagna, aulas, & tubicula aurusiral-i ilcpi( i.i(|ue miri*,
& scuipta arlillcio-c, vltra quam vales c\j)!i(are, K: inter cmiiia ad medium pal. ilium in cel.i)
veriiie alriuin aniii-num, valile tamen iiKidicn, scd cundis pra-ci(wius, apdilU io, cpia-i ad scriiij
no-tr.irum I'.ccle-iarum, cum lurribiis, jiilarijs, &; coltimiiis, in qiiibiis nihil pnirninct irKli;;-
nius auro. Nuiiquam vol ran") hie exit de sud palaiio cum snjis pulehris (pios sibi (onuocai \
conuarial p;iruis pucris iV jniellis, non exccdcntilms Iti nnnosirtatis. Tt'nditdum lilietjir-
dibus, <|uan(l6(|ue ve( l.iiur equo, interdiim duciiur vehicuin, noiinunqiiam vult ferri !;csi.it( -
rio, \el (crle puellaribus brachijs, &- visit. il s.Tpisbimt- pnrfatum pncciosiiis.'Hiificium: :ilquf

'i*

■,w

S. /. Mandeun

indo, vbi sfrirfinr
rand Can. Est ista
eat ciuitafc nouerit
X dines Si potcin,
L'an.

est vnuin dc quiii-
Hoc- teiielur in

Rex liiibet smiin
int, riii omnes Heg-
ct, & bencdicit, at

•alin ad luodum !*rn-
rcuerenlia sacrifici-
ihtici.i- pcciidis T.i-
iniiimionH suiicrxli-

it copnatoH, nmicos

jno Svm|)h()ii!a' rc>-
di-ns dif;ni(>r IVfrhi-
siib douoliime siia-^

■c->, (S; iminiinda', \t
:i(bi<ilnnt niagno iiu-

n I'n^ta vfliit in nrt-

• composiiain oralio-
c.

stu> \' xniH 111-* c\'i'
I'lVrrc. T.dicjiic di,:-
tsnni traiislatiis, \iiiat
maiorfm lirtantur iV-

paratum prirstat oin-
li( iila^n, de palri** ra-
(istmtxliiin di'l)itt'' f> i-
I amanlifsinni pafri-*.

iniirniliir Insula dr-
iiiitijs siiperabiindai!",

•aiii's, '•ed bys«io, ar fe-
ci priiurp^, Hiix. cn-
<■« alitjuds & barniU'J
li, iV ri>i, nee <pm rit
infernd. Cum ctin'n

• ])(isicris iliTi'liiuiiu'i.
ItiM a' Ii'iidilur, rcnii-
Ir.il.i ili'pii t.K|iif min'',
iiiii\ p^il.itiiiiii in < (l-ii
(lilii i'), (pii'i ad srniM
nihil pnmrmct iiulii;-
(pio-* sibi ( oiniorat \

Tcndit (Imn libct \ic-

iiam VII It ferri !;c^l.ltl -

i)siiis;''<lifiriuni : alqiif

iiih

vS'. /. Manieuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

137

Veriui.

Longitudd
vriguium.
Vtuiituretiim
in Flunda
|iniici)ics Ion-
git viijuibul.

Noui hiitorifl
Chintnlit
koc tcitatur.

bijs & niodis alijo cxrogitat delcrtare visum pulchris, auditum suauibus, oiractum rcdolenti-
bu», lactuin lenibus, & giistum pancere delicatis. Electas semper habet praesto 50. pucllas
ei, & de proximo exqiiisitissimi ministrantes tam ad mensam qui\ni ad cubiculiim, & ad omne

libitum. . . • , r I M

Ha; ad prandium rccumbenli aflerunt proccssionis more pro singulo fcrculo semper 5. ge-
nera dapiim nobilium cum diilcisoniu resonantia cantilenic, quarum aliqua; ei singulos detrun-
canl genu (Icxo inorsellos, aliqua- poiiunt in orc.mundis ter^entes comedentis labia mappis.

Nam ipse quidem in mensa conlinet iacentes manus puras & quietas. Post deMcruitionem
ferculi primi, seruilur pro scciindo in 5. alijsdapum gcneribus modo quo supra, & renouatur
in apponendo canlussuauiormclodia.

Ista iibsque vlla Domini cur.i per ministros quotidi^ reparantur, etiam in maiori satis quim
enTornobilitate, nisi dum ipse pro placito iu^neril, quand6que temperari.

Dcliciosius ij;itur <pio vult dcdutit carncm, non curans animaui, sed nee probitatem curans
tcrrenam, pastit sterilem, & vidiix non benefatit. Et
Quia viuit sirut porrus,
Morientcm susripit orrus.
Porr6 quod euni dixi manus tcmrc quietas, noueritis nimirum nil posse manibus caperc vei
tencre, propter lonj;itudiiii'm, & recuruilalem vnguium in digitis, qui sibi nuUo tempore
pr.xscinduntur. Serualur cnim hoc pro nobili more patria-, & viri diuites delicati, qui pro-
prios po-suut habere ministros nuciuain sibi dimiltunt vogues resecarc, vnde & nonnullis cir-
t'umdantur vndique manus, acsi iiidcrentur armatac.

Fa'minaruin autcm nios est nobilis si habcant parnos pedes, vnde & gencrosarum incunis
strictissimfc obuoluunlur, vt vix ad medium dcbitaj quantitatis excrescere possint.

C A P V T. UO.

De rompositione huius tractatus in nobili tiiiitatc Leodiensi.

In reuerledo ij^itur venitiu' ab hac insula per prouinrias magnas Impcrij Tartaronim, in
cpiibus semper iioua, semper inira, imo nonnuiiquam incredibilia viator potest videre, per-
tipeie, & audire.

r,t Niiueritis, vt pnedixi, me pauca eoruin vidisse, qua; in terris sunt mirabilium, sed nee
hie scripsisse ceutessimni partem eorum qune vidi, qu(Hl nee omnia memoria; commcndarc
polui, & de eommendatis inulta subticui, propter modesiiam, quain deret omnibus actibus
addi.

Ideirco vt & alijs, (pii vel ante mc in parlibus illis steterunt, vel ituri sunt, maneat locus
narrandi sine seribendi, modiim huius pono tractatus, potius dccnrtans qui\m complens, qun-
niam aliiis loquendi noii esset finis, nee aures implerentur audita.

Ilaqiie anno it natiult.ile Domini nosiri lesuChristi 13.')5. in patriando, cum ad nobileni Condudit
Legia;, sen Leodij ciuitatem peruenisscm, & pne grandeuitate ac nrterieis guftis illic deeum-"'"" '""'"'
berem in vieo qui dicitur, Hasscssanemi, eonsului causa conualescendi aliquos medicos ciiiita-
tis: Et aceidit, Dei iiutu, viiiun intrare physieum super alios a;fate siniul & canieie veneran-
diun, ac in sua anc ruidenter expertiun, qui ibidem dicebatur eominuniter, Magister loannes
ad barbani.

Is, dum parittr ccillocpieremur, interscruit aliquid dictis, per quod tandem nostra inuicem
rcnouab.itur antiipia notitia, nuain quondam habueramus in Cayr Aegypti apud Meleth Mfi-
ililiion Sdlihinmn, prnut supra teligi in 7. capitulo libri.

Qiiieuin i]i me expcriciitiam artis sua; exeellentcr monstrassct, adhortabatur ac prxcabalur
inst.iMtcr, SI de iiijs qu.e sideram temj)ore peregriiiationis, & iiinerationis inea; per mundum,
:\!i<]iiid iligerercm in scriptisad legendum, & audiendum jjro vtilitate.

.Sicqiic tandem illius inonilu & adiutorio, coinpositus est isle tractatus, de quocert^ nil scri-
bere jjropusucrain, dc^ncc sallcm ad partes proprias in Anglia peruenisscm. Et credo prsmissa
cina Mie, (xr pniuideiitiam & gratiam Dei contigisse, quoniam a tempore quo recessi, duo
reges nosiri || Anglia-, cV Fraiicia-, non ccssauerunt inuicem excrcere destructioncs, depra-- Edwirdus

vol.. II. T dationcs, ""'"•>

118

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

S. I. Mandcuil.

|M '

" '/

•' >/ I

dationco, inxklia*, & interfrriionM, inter qua"", iiiti i\ Domino nwroditus, nnn tran«i(wem sine
moMc, vel mortis periciilo. Si sine rriniiniim granili nimiiio. Et ercc nunc CRresiionin mw
anno»33. constitutiw in Leodij ciiiitate, qiur h innri Annlio) diMtat solum perdua^diaetas audio
dictas Dominoriim inimicilias, per jjrali.uii Dei consopiiaH ; (piaproptrr & spcro, ac propono
de reliquo sierundum matiiriorem .xtatem mo posse in proprijs, intcndere corporis quioti,
animicq; saluli.

Hir itaquc finis sit srripli, in nomine I'alris, & Filij, & spiritus sanrii, Amfn.

Explicit itincrariiim a terra Anj;li.r, i.i partes Iliirosoliniiianax, & in vlteriores transma-
rina'i, editiim [mmh in linH;na Ci.iiliian.i, A Domino loaniie Nfandeiiillc milite, sno au-
thore. Anno incarnationis Domini l.'ijj. in Ciiiitatc Leodiensi: Et I'auU^ post in
eadem ciiiitalc, tran.slaiuni in dictani I'ormam Latinam.

Hichardi Ilakluyti brciiis admonitio ad Lectorem.

lOannem Mandeiiilliim nostralem, enidiiiini & insi;>ncm Anthorem (Balii-o, Mereatore,
Ortelio, & ahj-i, tl•^lilln^^ ah inniimcris Siriharnm iS: T\ po^nphorum mendis rcpur;;an(lo,ex
nuiltiiruni, eorum(|iie opiimorum exemidarinm rollalione, ipiid pni'stiterim, vir.rdin dortu-
rum, i!t eoruni prie(ij)ui^, qui rie(rapni.'e, i'^- Anti(|uilali-i periti -"Unf, esto indicium. Qua-
autem liabet de monstriferis h(Mninnm formi-* iiincrarij ^ni j)riecedentis capiiilius trii;e-<>iimo,
fri^essimo primo, tri^essimo tenio, .S: spnrsim in scquentihus, (pianijuam non nei^em al) iilo
fortassc qui'dam eonnn alicul>i vi-a fiiisse, maiori tamen ex parte, ex Caio I'linio sc< undo
haiista videnlur, \t (acile patehit ea cum his I'linianis, hie ideo a me apposilis, rnllaturo, oii.t
idem Plinius, Mnguiis suis autiiorihus singula referf, in eonim plivrisque lidem suam minin.c
obbtringens. Vale, atque aut mtliora d.ito, aut his vicre meium.

Ex libro sexto Naturalis histori.r ('. riinij secun<li. Cap .'jO.

VNiuersa vero j;ens .lltheria appell.ita est, deinde Allaniia, mox k Vidcaiii (ilio .I'liliinpc
ilvthiopia. Animah'um homiiiuinepie enij;ies inon-trilcras lirca exircmilates eiiii ;;i^iii niininit^
niirum, artilici ad formanda corpora fllii;ies()ue ca>landas mohiliiate ij;nea. Fcriini ( crtc ah
Orientis parte intima j;entes esse xine iiariliiis, a-qiiali loiius oris plaiiitie. Alias supcricire
labro orbas, alias sine lins;iiis I'.irs iiiam ire concrcio & narihus rarens, vno lantuin fora-
mine spirar, potumqiie calamis ancna? Iraliit, iV j;rana eiiisdem anei.a', s|)oM'e prone, lientib
ad vcscendum Quii)n>dam pm sernione nniiis moti'i-((n(' memhrnrum est. &c.

Ex libro ciusdem I'iinij septinio, ("Ar.'i. riii litulus est, De Scythis, & aliarum

diuerhitate gentium.

T,Sse Srytharum genera, & qnidem plura, qua- corporihus humanis vesrcrenlur, indiraui-
mus. Idipsum incredihile forta-se, ni cogiiemus in nieJio orhe lerr.irum, ar Sirilia ik Italia
fuissc gcntes hiiius monstri, Csclopas X- Lastrignias, & niipcrrime trans Alpes lioniinrm ini-
molari gentium earn more sf)litum : tpiod pauhim ;\ niandciulo atiesf. Scd iV inxta eos, iim
sunt ad Septentrionem versi, hand procul ah ipso Aqnilnis exortu, speci'icpie cins dido, (pieMi
locu Gescliti-on appellant, prodnntnr Ariinaspi, duns diximu-, vno urulo in fronte media in-
signes: qnibns assiilui; bJlum esse circa nu-talla cum gr\ pliis, fcrarinn volucri j^ctiere, cpialc
viilgo traditur, erucnte <'x ( nuicnlis aiirnm, iiiiri cupiilitate S: f. ris ( nsfodienti! us, .^- Ari-
niaspis rai)ientihiis, multi, sed maxima illiisires IleriHlotus, \- Aristeas Proci nncMus scribnnt.
Super alios antem A .thropophagos Scylhas, in cpiadam connalle magna Imai nitnitis, regio est,
qua- vncatur Aharimon, in (|i'a syhiestres vinnnt homines, aurrsis |)<k| crura plaiilis, eximin'
veil (itatis, pasoim cum fcris vagantes. Hos in alio nnn spiiarc (d-.'o, ide/xpie a'l (initimosrego
non pertrahi, ni<|uead Alexandrnm nia-MMun pi ritario-, lielrn iiinernm eins niensor prodidii.
i'riores Anihropiii)hagos, quos ad Sepieinrioneni es^c diximus dcrem dienim iliiiere sujjra Rn-
rysthcnem anuiem, os^ihus humamrimi capiimn hihere, ctitiinisque cum » .\|)illo pn> tnantcli-
bus ante pectora \ti, Isigonus Nicrensis. Mi m» in Alliania gigni qnosda:n glama oruloruin
acie, i pueritia statim caiins, qui nixtu i)liis(|Ma'n interdiii cernant. Idem itiiere dienim \.
supra BoryMhcuem, Sauromatas terlio diecihum capcrc semper, ("rates IVrgamenus in llei-

lesponto

-L '

/. Mandcuil.

nmxMtm siiir
pjrcMionis vntx
Mdinetaf, audid
ro, ac propono
(irpiiri'* quicH,

rioros iraii'tma-
inilitp, siio aii-
I'aiili^ post iii

!a;o, McrcatiTc,
rcpuij^Miulo, i'\
\ir.iriiiii ilortu-
ticliciiiin. Qii.r
il)iH trii;cssimti,
II ncijcni al) illo
I I'linio sr( uiuld
*, rollaliiro, uii.t
in suuin iniiiinu-

]iii tilio .Ivtliidpc
ills j;i^ni niiniiii^
I'criiiil ( iTli' al)
Ali.w siipcricTc'
vnn lantiim fora-
m'r proucaiciiti^

*, Si aliariiiu

crentiir, indiram-
ac Sirilia iSi ll.iliii
pc-i lidtiiinrni im-
I iV iiixta »•"•<, iiui
' ciiis ilictd, (|iifm

froiiic im'dia in-
iicri .;<'iu"ro, (pialf
ilifiitii ii«, i^- Ari-
r niu'--iii-* siTibunf.
1 nidiiii-i, rcnid est.
ra planlis, c\imia'
•.I'l linitimosrpj:(s
s nu'ifior pnxlidit.
1 itiiirrp supra Rn-
pillci pp' tnaiilfli-
I ^laina onildrum

iliuTC dicriim \.

iTj;amcmix in lli'l-

It'spclllo

S. I. Mandcuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

I2U

lesponto cirtn Parium, Reiuis liomimim fiiiswe tradif. quon Ophioijencs vocat scrpenfum ictUN
rontaclii leuarc hoIUoh, & manii iinposita veiicna extrahcre corpori. Varro etiani nunc CHue
paiiccw ibi, quorum saliua; contra ictun scrpentum medcantur. SimiliH & in Africa gen*
I'Hyllorum fuit, vt Agatharchides mrribit, h IVyllo regc dicta, cuius Hcpuichrum in parte Syr-
(ium maiorum est. Ilorum corpori ingcnitum fuit virus exitiale scrpentibuM, vt cuius odorc
nopircnt cas. M(W vcr6, libcros ^enitoN protinus obijcieiidi sapui'tHiinis earum, e6quc genere
])udiciiiani coniiiKum cxpcricndi,' non profuRicnfibuM adultcrino xanguine nalo8 scrpentibuH.
lliisc gens ipsa (|iiidcm propc internicione sublata est i\ Nasamonibus, qui nunc cati tencnt
scdcs : genus tamen Iioniiiiu ex his qui profugeraiit, aut ciSm pugnatum est, abruerani, ho-
dieque remanent in paui is. Simile & in Italia Marsorum gentis durat, quos a Circes tilio ortoij
seniant, & ideo inessc ijs vim naturalem eain. Et tamen omnibus hominibus contra serpcntes
iiiest vc'neniim : feruntquc ictas saliua, vt feruentis aquir contactu fugere. Qudd si in fauces
pcnelrauerit, eliam niori : (dq; maximt; himiani ieiuni oris. Supra Nasamonas confin^sque
illis Machlya-i, Aiidrogiiios esse vlriusq; naturae, inter se vicibus coeuntes, Calliphanes tradit.
Aristdtcles adijcit, dexiram mamniam ijs virilem, iteuam muiiebrem esse. In eadem Africa
familias qua^dam ctllisrinantium, Ir.igonus & NymphtMlorus tradunt quarui.i iaudationc in-
tcreaiit probata, arescant arborcs, emorianlur infantes. Esse eiusdem generis in Triliallis &
lllvrij-i, adijcit Isigdiiin, qui \isu (iiidqiic etTiisciiicnt, interimiintque quos diutius intucStur.
Iraitis |)r(rciputi nculis: quod edruin niahiin faciliiis scntire pubcres. Notabilius es.se qu6d
pupillas l)iiias in oculis sinj;ulis habcani. Iluiiw generis &. fccminas in Scythia, quae vocantur
Billiyu', prodit Apolloiiidis. I'luiardiiis iv in I'onio Thibiorum genus, multoiiquc alios eius-
dem nalura:: qudrum nolas tradit in alirro oculo geinina pupillam, in aitero cqui effigiem.
Kosdcin praiteni'l non posse intrgi, ne vcstc (piidem degrauatos. Hand dissimile ijs genus
I'hariiai urn in yl-ltliiopia prodidit Damon, <|Udrun» sudor tabem cfltaclis corporibus aflTerat,
Fneininas quidcm omnos vbiqiie visu noccrc, qua- dupliccs pupillas liabeant, Cicero quoque
apud nos aulor est. Adc(^ natunc, cum fciarum niorem vescendi humanis visceribus in
lioininc geiuiis.sci, gignerc etiam iu toto cdrjidrc \; in quorundam oculis quoque venena pla-
cuil : nc quid vsquA mali rsspt, quod in homine non esset. Ilaud procul vrbe Roma in Fa-
liscorum agro familix sunt pauca?, qua; vocantur Ilirpiie : qua; sacrilicio annuo, quod fit ad
montein Soraciem Apoliini, super anibustam ligni struem ambulantes non aduruntur. Et ob
id |)erpe(uo senaiusconsullo militiii- omnit'miq; alioru numerum vacationem habent. Qun-
niiidam corpore partes nasciinturad ali(pia mirabilcs sicut Pyrrho regi pdllex indcxtero pede:
cuius taclu lienosis medcbatur. Ilunc creniari cum reliquo corpore non pntuisse tradunt,
coiidiiunupie loculo in lemplo. I'nrcipud India /Kthiopiimq; tractus, miraculis scatent.
Maxima in India gignuntiir animalia, Indicia sunt canes grandiores ceteris. Arbores quidem
tantir proccritatis tradutur, vt sagitiis supcrari nequeant. Ha-c facit vbertas soli, temperiei*
ccrli, aquarum abundantia (si liboal credere) vt sub vna lieu turmte condantur equitiim.
.\rundines venS tanf.-r proccritatis, vt singula internodia alueo nauigabili ternos interdum ho-
mines ferant. MuWos ibi quina cubita constat longitudine excedere : non expuere : non
capitis, aut dcntium, aut cculorum vllo dolore affici, raro aliarum corporis partium : tarn mo>
dcrato Solis \ap(irc diirari. Phili)so|)hos eorum quos (iymnosophystas vocant, ab exortu ad
Occasiim pnestare, contiientes .Solcin immobiiibus oculis : ferucnlibus harenis toto die alter-
iii« pcdibiis iiisisterc. In montc ( ui nomen est Milo, homines esse aucrsis plantis, octonos
(iii;ilos in singulis |)cdil)us habentcs, autor est Mcgasthencs. In nnillis autcm montibus genus
iioininum capitibus caninis, ferarum pellibus velari, pro voce latratum edere, vnguibus ar-
iiuiium vciKiiu iV aiu iipio vc>-ci. Ilonim supra centum viginii millia I'uisse prodente se,
Clcsias scribil : & in quadam gcnte India?, fcrininas semcl in \ ita parcre, genila-ique confeslim
cinesccre. item hominiiin genus, qui .Monosceli vocarentur, singulis cruribus, inira; per-
nicitatis ad salluin : eosdcmquc Sciopodas vocari, <pi6d in maiori .-cstu humi iacentes resu-
piiii, \inl)i-a sc pedum protegaiit, non longc cos ;\ Troglodvtis abesse. Rursi'isque ab his Oc-
cidcntcm vcr«iis (piosdain sine ceniice, oculos in humeris liabentes. Sunt & Satyri subsolanis
Itidoriim montibus (Cartadulorum dicitur Ucgio) pernicissinnim animal, lum quadrupedes,
tiiin recti- currentcs humana efligie propter velocitatem, nisi senes aut irgri, non capiuntur.
{'Iioromaiidarum gentcin vocat 'raiiion siluesirem sine voce, stridoris horrendi, hirtis corpori-

T 2 bus.

la? 1

140

VOYAGES, NAinOATIONS,

S. /, MandeuiK

'* I*

hue, oriiliHKlaucif.dcntibiw canini*. IukIoxuh in meridianis Indir viri* plantnN cwc ciibitalM,
forminiH mied panias, \t Smithopodc* appellcnlur. Mcjiastenct* Kcntem inter Nomadas IihIoh
iiarium loco foramina lanti^m habcnicm, anj?uiuin modo lori|)cdfm, vocari Syrictas. Ad f x-
trcmoM fines India- ah Oricntc, circa fontcni CJanni*, Antomorum >{nniem nine ore, corpore
fold hirtam vestiri I'rondium laniiRinf, halitii tanliiin vitienlrm.tc odorc qupin naribun Irahant :
nullum illiHcibum, nullumqup polum ; lantum radirum <lorum(|uc varioM (KJurcx &NylueNtrium
malorum, qua- Hccuni porlaiil louftiorc ilincrc, nc dc»it oH'aclUH, )jrauir)ic paul«i odorc baud
dillicultcr exanimari. Supra hon cxirrma in parte inouiiuniSpiihamaci I'vumaei narranlur, tern;w
spithamas lonj;iludinr, hoc est, tcrnos dodrantcx non excedcnlcn, Hauil)ri cmlo, Nemp^rqui*
vcrnantc, montibuHab Aciiiilonc oi)poHitin, quo* A gruibux infwtari llomcrux quoc|; prndidit :
Famaetit, inMiileiitcH ariclum, caprari'imque dorHis armatnit >iagilii!<, veris tempore, vniucrnu
a^minc ad marc (liwrcMdrrc, & oua, pumnque earum allium coimumrre. ternis rxpeditionem
eam mcuNibus coiili( i, alitor futiiriM ^ri'^ibus non rcNivti, Casas roriun Into, pciiiiinqui-, A:
ouorum putainiiiibuM conxtrui. Aristotrlc)* in cauerniN \ iucrc Py^miiMM tradit. Coclora de
hi*, vt rrliqui. CvrnoH Indorum kimiin Isi^nnuH anniN ccntcnis quadraKciiis viucrc. Itrm
Aetliiopas Mai TobiiH, & Scras cxixtimat, Ifi qui Atbon montcm iiicobnt : bos quidcm quia
vipcrinis carnil)u>( ulantur, itaqiic ncc capiti, nrc vc^tibuN corum noxia ccrpori incM^e ani-
malia. Ono-^icritUM, ipiibuH in IocIm bidiiL- vmbrn> non !<inl, corpora boniinum cubitorum
quinum, & (inorum pabnorum existcrc, it viucrc anium centum triirinta, ncc Hcncnccre, scil
vt medio a-uo mori. ('ratc^ I'erKamcnuM Indos, qui ccntcnoM annos rxcedani (iymna-lax ap-
i)cllat, non pauci Nfacrnbion. Ctesiat ncntcm ex bin, qua- a|)pellalur I'andore, in conual-
libuH xitam, annos diiccnus viucrc, in iuiienta candido cupillo, qui in .xencitiite iiigrccat.
Contra alios ipiadra^enos non excedcre anno!», iuncton Mairubiji, ipiorum ftt-mina- semcl
pariant : iJcpie Ifi. Asailiarcbides tradit, pneicrea locuMtin cost ali, N: e«sc pcrniceN. Mai:-
drorum nomcn ijs <U\lit Clitarcbus & MenaHtene", trccent6>t<pic corum vicon annumcrat. Fcr-
minas seplimo a■t,lti^l anno pareic, scncciam (piadra;;cNimt)annu acccdcre. Arlcmidonis, in
Taprobana in-iula lon^jisMimam vitam >.inc vllo corporis lan^uore traduci. Diiris, Indorum
quo.sdam cum fcris coire, mistosipic iV scmilcros cs«e parties. In Calinj^is <-iusdem India-
jjentp quinqiicnncs coiuipcrc IcGininas, octaiium \itic aiuuim non cxcedi re, iV alibi cauda
villof-a homines nasci pcrnuilatis cximi,-r, alios auribus totns <onteni. Oni.is ah Inilis Arhis
Iluuius disterminat. li luillum alium cil)uni noucrc, tpium pisciiim, quos vn^uibus dissccio*
sole torrcant, atquc ita paiicm ex his faciiint, vt rcfcn ('litarchus. Trofjlodylas su|)er Ac-
ihiopiam velo( lores esse e<piis, Pr r>;amenus ("rates. Item Aethiopas octona ciibita lonjjitu-
dine excedere. Svrbot.is vocari ncntem cam Nomadum Aethiopum, secundum (lumen Ast.i-
itnl,v<t|(iii>u. pum ad Septentrionem II vreifentium, (Jens Mcnisminorum appellata, abesi ab oceano dic-
rum itinerc \i;,'inti, animalium, quae Cynocephalos vocamus, la<te viui;. (|ui>nim anneiit.i
pascit maribus interemptis, pr.x-terquam sobolis causa. In Africe lolitudiiuhu- hominum spe-
cies obuia; subinde Hunt, monient6que euanescunt. II.tc atcpic talia, ex hominum Kcncrc
ludibria sibi, nobis niiracula, in^eiiiosa fecit natura : ^ singula quiilem. qu:r lai it indie^, nc
lin.pti boras, quis cnumcrare valeat ? Ad delegendam cius potcntiam, sal is sit inter prodigi.i
pusuisse gentes.

This note fcdInvvinK, concerning the aide and as>istance of the rnglish Marchants,
giuen to King lohn the first of Portugal, for the v»iiuiiiig of Cent in Harbarie,
which was the nr>l occasion of all the Portugal! discouerii-s, is taken out cf Tb»)-
mas Walsinghams Latinc Chronicle. Anno I4I.'».

IIOc anno, loannes |)rimus Hex Portuga!!i;e, freius niixilio Mercatoriim Anglite quani
ma\imt^, vS: .-Memannorum, \ icit Agarcnns in terra Kegis Hctinarinoruin, mullis eortiin milli-
bus ad gencnim Ccreris destinatis: cepilquc ciuitatcm eoruiu quam ampliiwimain supra mart
sitam, vocatam Ccut eoruin lingua.

The same in P.nglisb.

1415.

Tllis V cere lohn the first king of Portugal, l)ei!ig priiui|)ally assisted by ihc help cf the
Unglibh .Slarchants, and Almaincs, ouercamc the .Moorcs in the dominion of the King of Bar-

bariv,

' )■ ' if ''if

? (■.

S. I. MandtuU.

M cote cubitalr*,
r NomadoH IiuIoh
iyricla<t. Ad e\-
line ore, cnrporp

nuribuN (rahunt :
T<* & HyluPNtriuni
iul6 (idorc baud
i nnrrantiir, lern;w
(nilo, Hemp^«|iu'

quo(|; prndidit :
cinporc, viiiucMo
•nis rxpediJionein
(I, pcniiixqiif, A:
•adit, CaeliTa de
■lis viucro. Itfi"

boH quidcm quia

rpori incsHC ani-

iiiiuim cultitorum

iH'c Hcrn'itccTP, scd

iaiii (fvmnx-Ja)* ap-

iiulore, in roniial-

ni'ttulc iiigrcrat.

m fcrmiiuf !«em«'l

• piTiiiccH. Man-

ix anniimcrat. I'"<r-

. Arltniidonw, in

DiiriM, Indoriim

i^;!"* cin^drm Indix

liTf, iV' alibi cautia

rilas al) Indis Arhi'*

i vn^llibu^ di-scrioo

i;;li)(lvlas siiIMT Ac-

tcna iiil)ita loiigitu-

indiim (lunirn Ast.i-

abcsi ab oct-ano tbt-

i;, (iiiiirnm arincnt:\

iiibus hominiim »|ic-

f\ bomiiinm Ki-nirc

qii.T ladl iiulif", :u-

iti:* sit inter prudit,'i.i

;lish Mart'hants,
fut in FJarbaiip,
ken out cI'TIk)-

toriun Anj^bti- quani

niullis i-oniin inilli-

>lis.siniain supra nuirr

I by the help nf the
I) of the King of Bar-
baric,

Macham. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

barie, putting many thousandi of them to the »wordc, and be tookc their Citie which was
very mightie, acated vpon the Hea, which U called Cent in their language.

The voyage of Macham an Engliihrnan, wherein he first of any man, diicoiiered
the Hand of Madera, recorded verbatim in the Porliigali hintorie, written by An-
ihonio Raluano.

IN the yeere l.'144. King Peter the fourth of that n?mc, raigning in Arragon, the Chroni-
cles of hii age, write, that about thin time the Hand of Madera, standing in 'M. degrees, was
discoucrcd by an Englishman, which wan named Macham, who sayling out of England into
Spaine, with a woman that he had stolne, ariued by tempest in that Hand, and did cast anker in
that ha'ucn or bayc, which now is called Machico, after the name of Macham. And because
his loner was sea sickc, he went on land with some of his companie, and the shippe with a good
winde made saile away, and the woman died for thought. Macham, which loi'id her deerely,
built a chappell, or hercmilage, to bury her in, calling it by the name of hn\9 and cai ic J
his name and liers tobe written orgranenupon thestop-. of liertom ".', and the '"wi< ,i 'if their
arriuall there: And afterward he ordained a boate made of one tm (for » • -c hv <rees of a
great compasse about) and went to sea in it, with ijiose me;- 'h?' iv 'ir.'J .ind ./cfc 'ett bs-
ninde with him, and came vpon the coast of AH'ricke, wi'Kniit niiile n o.ti. .". ul ilio Moores
which sawe it, tooke it to be a marueilous thing, and pretienf^d tint «nt» thi King of that
Countrey for a wonder, and that king also sent him and his rom{'ar.i.»r' lor r. iiiirarle vnto tl.»-
King nf Castile.

In the yeere l,'J95. King Henry the third of that na nc, ni;. ng in Cj'l^'e; by thi infnr-
mation which Ntacham gaue of this Hand, and also the 8hi[if.v ii'lii^f Tor.i)»i>i le, tcouued <'i.i'iy
of France and Castile to goc and to discouer ij, and also It j'reat <'aiM(ia, "ic.

In the veere 1417 King Inhn the second, raignini^ ;>iif.'j.itii(, arijl h''i •■ii','';iri Liiiie Kath«'-
rine beinj; Hcgent, one Monsieur Itiiben of Bfar,-.-« nt, whi<h «.'>•■ A(:m<r-.'l of ^rnit' •'•
maunding the conquest of the Hands of the Canaries, wn'* ((;. eitU' of Ki'i fur a kinsnuii ot'
his named Monsieur lohn Betancourt, after that the W-.i^eiif had giuen '. <<•• 'i-eni, .'''.id I <>. )»■•
him, he departed from Siuyl with a f^ood armie. And they ailirrt"' 'ho, a!^; , tf'.e (»i".iicij?.ni
cause which moued him to this, was to di^coucr the Hand ofMadtni, v,!i.ch Machur.k iiiid
founde, Sic. ibidem pag. "i. of Antbonii> Galliano.

Conlirmatio treugarum inter Rcgem Angli.T tdiiardiim (piartuin, &• !< ;>nnetn jiCf un-
diim Hej»em I'ortugalliie, datarum in o[)pido montis M.-iiiii(.< 8. C'-I)ruarij, & apud
Westmonasieriiim I;}. Septcmbris, US*, anno rcjoi 'i2 Itegis F^'.iardi quart),
lingua Liisitanica c\ opere scquenti excerpta.
I.ibro d.\s fibras de (iarcia de Hcsende, que tnicta da vida i It it'/; df- He' ('.<>m lohnir.
secundo Kinbaxada que el Key niurulnu a el Key H Inghtctra. { a\i 'S3.
F.Daqni de Monte Mor mandoii el Key poremb,,ixadores, A cl rev dom 1?ii3T»>' d ■ Jn^l.'ittrra
Hiiy (Ic Snu*a-pcs«(ia principal <• de muyfi bun saber e credito, tie que el Key m-.iyic <( f>.i;uia:
«? ho doutor loam d'Klii.i>i, (• ((Tiiam de Pina por sccretario. K forain por mar muy hniira la-
mente cum muy boa coinpanhia: bos ipuies t'oraiii en nomr del \cy I'Miiiirnvnr ns ligas air iqnis
Com Inglaterra, (pie poila-condi(;an dcilas ho nouo Kci' 'le liimv reyno (■ <'. • .-titro era <)l;ri,;.v
do i\ mandar conlirmar: <• l.nnbien |)era mostrarem ii > litoio que cl rcy tiiMia no senhorio di.'
Ciiinee, pera «nie dcpois de \isto cl rey D'Inglaterra deliji le •« <n todos sens reynos, que
ningiien arma-^se nem podesse mnndar i\ Ciuinee: <'• assi in; nclnv,;! ,lnr;\/cr iiuiia urmada que
pera iaa fa/iain, per mandadn do Duipie de Medina .Si'lop'a, bum loam Ti tiani i' hum Cuil-
herme fabiain lns;re.ses. Com ha qiial embaixad;- >•! ,c I' Innlatcrrn mostrou rcceber grandc
contentamcnto: i' foy delle con»nuivta honn rv oida, e em tiuli. Ic; inteiramcnte ho que
pellos embaixadorcs Ihc foy requerido: de n.x elies (f<m\i-ran Ijautenticas escriiuras das di-
ligcnciaii <iue con jiubricos pregones fiz r.itr . f a.ssi as prouisoiics das aprouafones que cran
necessarian: i com tui'o muy to l'< J a.abado, c ha vontadc del rey sc vicram.

Antliony

141

i <

MiAtn fill) tli^-
cuutrrd hjr itnf
Maih im an

Mfciiim mtdc
thtic a ch,tDptl)(
naming it Iciui
Ghippcll.

I) Thc.p rt ti-
ling', are 111 tb"
Tu^vrff,

I \

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Jnlhonij BiTl

/I*

; I'M

.' i

' (f h

h I

Aiithoi y Berk bishop of Diirisinc was elected Patriarch of Ilierusalem, and ron-
lirmed by Clement the fift bishop of Rome: in the 34 yere of Edward the first.
Lelandiis.

I.W.7. AKtonius Reriviis episropu') DiinelmeD.sis fuit, regnante Edwardo eius appellationis ab ad-

tienlii Ciiliclmi niafjni in Ansjliam priino. I'lectiis est in patriarchain Hierosolymitanum an-
no C'hri>ti LJO.^, & a Cknientc (jiiinto Kom. ponfilice conlirinatiis. Splcndidus erat supn
qu:\ni dc(cbat cpiscopiini. Constriixit rastrum Aclielandac, quatuor pa«iuiim millibusa I)u-
neinu) in rijja \'ndiii;lcssi (Inuioli. Kitcshamnm eiiam vicinum Grenonico, ac Somaridunnm
iMstelliini Lindian:e proninciir, ii-dilicijs iliusiria reddidit. Deinde & palalium Londini ercxit,
quod nunc Edwardi principis est. Tandem ex splendore nimio, & polentia conflauit sibi apiid
nobiiilatem iit<;entcin inuidiam, qiiani viiiens nnnquamextinf^uerc potuit. Sed de Antonio,
& eius scriptis fusius in oi)ere, cuius titulus dc pontificibus Kritan;iicis, dicemtis. Obijt Au-
toniusanno a nato in salutcm nnstram ('hri-(o, l.'ilO, Edwardo secundu regnante.

The same in English.

AN'iliinv Reck was bishop of Durisnie in the time oP the reigne of Edward the first of
iliai n.nne after tlie ininsion of William the urcat into England. Tiiis Anthony was elected
patrinrch of lenisalcm in Ihe yeere of our Lord (iod l.'iUJ, and was conlirnied by Clement
the lift, pope of Komc. He was of greater magnificence then for the calling of a bi>4hop. lie
founded also the casiU' of Achelaiid I'ouro miles from Dnrisme, on the shore of a pretv riucr
<alk-d Vnduglesmc. He nunh bi'iiiitilied with new buildings Eltham mannor nere vnto Green-
wich, and the castle Soni.iridune in the county of Lindsey. And lastly, lie built new out of the
ground the pal«ce of London, which now is in the possession of prince Edw.ird, Insomuch, that
at length, through his oner great magnificence and power he procur"d to himselfe great eniiv
among the nobility, which he could not asswage during the rest of his life. Hut of this Anthony
& of his writings we will speake more at large in our booke intituled of the Britain bishoiis.
This Anthony finished his life in the yere of our Lord God 1310, and in the reigne of kini;
Edward the second.

Incipit Itinerarium fntri^Odorici fratrum minorumdc mirabilibu.s Oricntalium Tar-

tarorum.

Licet multa & varia de ritibus &: conditionibus huius mundi enarrentura mullis, egotanicp
frnter Odoricus de foro lulij de pnrtu \'ahoni.s, volen* ad partes inlidelium transfretare, ma"iia
iV niira vidi & audiui, qu.e possum veracitt^r enarrare. Primti transiens .Mare Mains me dr
I'era iuxta Costantinopolim Iransiuli Trapesundam, qun; antiquitus Pontus vocabatur : Ibrr
terra beni^ situata est, sicut scala qua?dam Persarum & Medorimi, & eorum qui sunt vlira
marc. In hac terra vidi mirabile qimd mihi placuit, scilicet hominem ducentcm secum |)liis.
quam 4(J(X) perdicum. Homo autcm perterram gradiebatui, perdices vero volabant per acra,
cpias ipse ad quoddam castrum dictinn Zauena duxit, distans ;\ Trapesunda per tresdiel.is:
Il;e perdices illius conditionis erant, ci»in homo ille qniescere voluit, omnes se aptabaiit cina
ipsum, more pullorum gallinarum. & per ilium modum duxit eas vsepie ad Trapesundam, &
\>(piead |)alatium imperaloris, (pii de illis sumpsit quot voluit, iS; residuas \ir ille ad locimi
\nde venerat, addiixit. In hac ciuilatc requiescit corpus Athanasij supra portam ciuil;iii<
ir:.!., miivi. Vltra traiisiiii vsque in Armenian) maiorem, ad qiiandam ciuitatem <pi;c vocatur A/.aron, oim-
erat n 'ilium o|)ulenta antiquitus, sed Tartari earn pro magna parte destruxerunt : In ea cr.ii
almndaniia |)anis & carnium, iV alionim omniu victualium pra<terquam vini & fructuum. Il.ti
ciuitas est multii frigida, & de ilia dicitur tpiud uliiussituatur quam aliqua alia in hoc mundd:
ha?c optinias habet aquas, nam ven;e illarum aqiiarum oriri videntur iV scatiirire a fluniiiic
magno Euphrale quod per \ nam dieta al) (iuitate disiat: ha*c ciuit.m via media einidi T^niri-
sium. Vlira progre.ssus sinn ad qiiendam montem dictum Sobissacalo. In ilia coniraia c-t
mons ille supra quern requiescit area Noe; in quern libenler ascendissem, si s.icietas mea iiic
pra;stolarc voluisset: A gente tamen illius contratie dicitur quod nullus vncpi.un ilium imui-

Icni

ibid

mill

terr

vnc
nliii
anti
per
sun
Hw
iii.i<
Et'i

.!/(

Anthoni) Reel

11, and ron-
nrd the first.

pellationis ab ad-
.solymitamim an-

lulitius crat siipni

im millibiwa Ou-
ac Somariduniim
m Londini t-rexit,

condauit sibi apiid
Sed de Antoiiic,
cimis. ObijtAii-

gnante.

•Mward the (irr.t of
itlionv was clertcil
linmil by Clement
ii<; ol a bi!4h(>p. lie
re of a proty riiicr
ir nere vnto Grecn-
:niilt new out of the
.ird. Insoimieli, that
limselfe great eniiy
liut of this Anthony
tlie Britain bishops,
the reigiie of kiiij;

rientaliiim Tar-

•a mtiltis, egofaiiui'
transfretare, nia^iia
i Mare Mains me dr
tus vocabatiir: Hire
'orum qui sunt vllra
eentem serum pinv
ro voiabant per aera,
nda per tres diet.w :
lu-i se nptabant (in a
ad Trapesundam, &
las \ir iile ad locum
pra portam cinitaii^
v'lcatur Azaroii, qu.i-
•uxeriint : In ea erai
ni & friuluuni. II.ii
a alia in hoe mnndu

■iialiirire ii (luminc
a media enndi Tann-
in ilia conlrata e-i
II, si sorietas mea nit

viupi.im ilium nmn-

ICMU

Odorlcus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

U:i

Tiuriicioiui
Pcrsix.

tern ascendere potuit, quia vt dicitur, hoc Deo altissimo non placet. Vltra veni Tauris ciuita-
tem magnam & regalem, quae antiquitiis Susis dicta est. Hwc ciuitas melior pro mereenarijs
repufatnr, qni\m aliqna quae sit in mundo, nam nihil comestibile, nee aliquid quod ad merci-
moniiim pertinet, repcritur, quod illic in bona copia non habetur. Hasc ciuitas multum benfe
situatur: Nam ad earn quasi totus mnndus pro mercimonijs conflucre potest: De hac dicunt
Christiani qui ibi sunt, quodcredunt Imperatorcm plus de ea accipere, quum Regem Fran-
cia; de toto regno suo: luxta illam ciuitatem est mon» ■salinus praebens sal ciuitati, & de illo
sale vnusquisque tantum accipii, quantum vult, nihil soluendo alitui. In hac ciuitate multi
Christian! de omni natione commorantur, quibus Saraceni in omnibus dominantur. Vltra iui Suinnu.
per decern dictas ad ciuitatem dictam Soldania, in qua imperator Persarum tempore aestiuo
commoratur ; In hyeme autem vadit ad ciuitatem aliam sitam supra mare vocatam Bakuc :
Praidicta autem ciuitas magna est, & frigida, in se habens bonas aquas, ad quam nuilta mer-
cimonia portantur. Vltra cum quadani societate Carauanorum iui versus Indiam superiorem,
ad quam dum transissem per mnltas diefas perueni ad ciuitatem trium Magorum quai vocatur
Cassan, cpia? regia ciuiias est & nobilis, nisi quod Tartar! earn in magna parte destruxerunt : Vticusibin
hajc abundat pane, vino, & alijs bonis multis. Ab hac ciuitate vsque lerusalem quo Magi
iuerunt miraculosfc, sunt L. diettr, & multa mirabilia sunt in hac ciuitate quae pertranseo. Indfe
recess! ad quandam ciuitatem voratam Gest i\ qua distat mare arenosum per vnam dietam, G«t.
quod niir6 est mirabile & periculosum: In hac ciuitate est abundantia omnium victualium, &
ficuum poiissinie, & vuarum siccarum & viridium, plus vt credo quam in alia parte mundi.
Ha>c est tertia ciuitas melior quam Rex Persarum habet in toto regno suo: De ilia dicunt
Saraceni, quo<l in ea nullus Christianus vltra annum viucre vnquam potest. Vltra permullas
dictas iiii ad quandam ciuitatem dictam Comum quae maxima ciuitas antiquities erat, cuius Como.
ambitus erat fcri L. miliaria, qux magna damna intulit Romanis antiquis temporibus. In ea
sunt palatia integra non habitata, tamen multis victualibus abundat. Vltra per multas terras
transicns, perueni ad tcrramlob nomine llusqiio; omnium victualium plenissima est, & pnl-
chcrrim^ situata; iuxta earn sunt monies in quibus sunt pascua multa pro animalibus: Ibi
manna in magna copia reperitur. Ibi habentur quaiuor penlices pro minor!, qu.\m pro vno
gros^o: In ea sunt pulcherrimi senes, vb! homines nent & lant, & fsmintc non: haec terra
correspondct Chaldcse versus transmontana,

De moribus Chaldaiorum, & de India.

INdc ill! in Chalda-am quir est regnum magnum, & transiii! iuxta turrim Babel: Haecre-
gio siiam linguam propriam habcf, & ibi sunt homines formosi, & focminae turpes: & ho^
mines illitis regionis vaduiit compti crinibus, & ornati, vt hic mulieres, & portant super ca-
pita sua fascioia aurca cum gcmuiis, & margaritis ; mulieres ver6 solum vnam vilem camisiam
uttingentem vsque ad genua, habentem manic.is longas & largas, qute vsque ad terram
proienduntur: Kt vadunt discalicatac portantes Serablans vsque ad terram. Trireas non
portant, sed capilli eariim circumquaqiie di<pergnntur : & alia multa & mirabilia sunt
ibidem. Inde veni in Indi.nm quae infra terrain est, quam Tartar! multum destruxerunt ;
& in ca vt plurimum homines taiitu;ii dactilos comeduiit, quavum xlij. librae habentur pro
minor! quam pro vno gmsso. Vltra transiui per mult.is dictas ad mare oreanum, & prima
terra, ad quam applicui, vocatur Ormcs, quw est optimc niurata, & multa mercimonia Ormm.
& diuitiae in easunt; in oa tantus calor est, quod virilia hominum exeunt corpus, & de-
scendiint v.-qiic ad nicdiam tibiarum: ide6 honiini-s illius terrie volentes viuere, faciunt
vnctionum, i^ vngunt ilia, I'i: sic vncia in quibusdam sacculis ponunt circa se cingenles, &
aiiler morercntur : In hac terra homines vtuntur naiiigio qurc vocatur lase, sutmn sparto. Ego
autem asccndi in vnum illoruni in quo nullum fcrruin putiii reperire, & in viginta octo dietis
perueni ad < iuitatcm Tliana, in qua pro fide Christ! quaiuor de fratribus nostris martvrizati Tiu.u.
hunt, ll.cc terra est optimc situaia, & in ea abundantia panis iSc \\n\, & aliorum victualium.
lla-c terra aniiqiiitus fuit vald^ magna, & I'uit regis Pori, qui cum rege Alexandre pr.xliu
rn.igmim commisit. Iluiiis terra' populiis Idolairat, adorans ignem, serpen tes, & arbores :
Lt islam terram regunt Saraceni, qui violenter cam acccperunt, & subiacent imperio regis

Daldili.

• ^ L

I i'^l

1-14

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

OdorialK.

h \

i -i

■I '

Daldili. Ibi jimU iliuersa genera bestiartim, leoncs nigri in maxima quatititute : Sunt & il)i
simi.T, gatima\ moncs, & noctu.T niaj;n<Tc sicut iiic halicntiir coliimbai ; ibi mures magni sunt,
sicut sunt bic sccpi, & idoo rancs capiunt ibi mures, quia murelegi non valent. Ad h;i<c.
in ilia terra quilibct homo habct ante domum suam vnuni pcdcm fasciculonim, ita magnum
sirnt esset vna coiumna, iS: pes illc non desicratur, dummodu adhibeatur sibi aqua. Mult%
uouilates sunt ibi, quas pulciierrinuun esset audirc.

De niarfyrio fratrum.

MArtvrianiaufem quatuor rratrum no^irorum in illaeiuitateTliana fiiit pcristfi modum; dum
priiHli( li fralrcs Cuerant in Ornu-s, reci-rinil pactum cum vna naui vt nauigarent vsque Polum-
bruni, & violentir deporlati sunt vsque Tlianam vl)i sunt 15. <iomus Chrisiianorum, qui Ne.st-
oriani siuit & Schismatici, <.^ cum illir esscnt hospitati sunt in doiiio cuiu-idain illoruin; con-
ligit dum ibi manerent litem oriri inier virum domu.s, & vxorcm cius, quam sero vir fortiicr
verberauit, qua: suo Kadi, i. Kpisc(i|)() conquesta est; a qua intorrcgauit Kadi, vlruni hoi-
))r<'bari posset? .\\\x di,\it, quod sic; quia 4. Franchi, i. viri religiosi erant in domo hoc vi-
denti's, ipso> interrogate, qui diccnt vobis veritatem: .Muliere aulem .-ic diccnte, Kccc vniis de
Alexandria pra'sens rogaiiit Kadi vt miileret pro eis, dicenseos esse homines maximac scientiit
& scripturas bene s, ire, & ide6 dixit bonuin esse cum illis dc (idc disputare: Qui misit pro
illis, & iiddtKii siuit isti quatuor, quorum nomina sunt frater de Tolentino de Marcliia, frater
lacobus de Padiia, (rater Demetrius Lii(u«, Petrus de Senis. Diniisso auteiii fratrc Petro, vt
res suas custodiret, ad Kadi perrcxeruiit, (pil cccpit cum illis de fide nostra disputare; diceiis
('liristum tantiuii hominem esse & non Dciim. V. contri frater Thomas rationibus & excm|)li,
Christum veruni Drum & hominem e«sc cuii'riitir ostendif, & in tantum couTudit Kadi, &
inlideles qui cum eo tenuerunl, (|ii(')d non liabucrunt "^uid r".(ionabiliu'r contradicere: Tiiin
videns Kadi sc sic confusnni, in'e|)il clamare sic; Et quid dicis de Ma iiometo ? Uespondit
frater Thomas: Si libi prol)auinuis Ciiristum vcruin Deum & hominem e .se, qui legem posuii
inter homines, et Macliomctiis e lontrario \enii'. & lejiem contrariam doc lii, si sapiens sis op.
fim«^ sciie poteris, quid dc in dicendiim sit. Iterum Kadi .Sc alij Saract ni clamal)ant, Et tii
quid iterum de M.ichnnieto dicis? Tunc frater T. respondit: \os onmes \idere |)otestis, q'lid
dicode eo. Tiini c\ ijiio vultis (juod plane loquar de eo, dico quod Vf.uhometus vcster (iliii"
perditionis est, iS; in inferno cum Diabolo patre suo. 1'. non solum ipse, sed omnes Jln
ernnt qui tciient legem hanc, quia ip^a tota pestifera est, & falsa, & contra Deum, ,Si contn v>
Intern animic. Hoc audientes .Saraceni, coeperunt clamare, moriatur, moriatur ille, qui sk
contra I'roplietam locutus est. Time accepenint fratres & in sole vrente stare permiseriint,
\l e\ caloresoli^ adusti, dira morte interirent. Tantus cnim est calor solis ibi,(|u6d si homo
ineo perspacium vnius missje persisteref, moreretur: fratres tamen illi saiii 8c hilarcs a tcrlia
\s()ue ad nonam laudantes & glorilicantes duminum in ardore solis permaiisenint, quod m-
dentes Saraceni stupefacii ad fratres venerunt, & dixerunt, volumus ignein accendere copid-
*um, iVr in ilium vos pmijcere, & si fides vestra sit vt diciiis, ignis non poterit vos comburerc:
»i autem vos combusserit, patebit quo<l fides vestra nulla sit. Kesponderunt fratres; parati mi-
nnis pro fide nostra ignem, carc-erem, 8c viucula, 8c oinnium tormentorinn genera tolcrare: vr-
runtamen scire debetis, quod si ignis potestalem habeat j-omburciuli nos hoc non erit propter
lidcm nostram, sed propter peccal.i nostra: fides enim nostra pcrfccti.ssiina & verissima est, &
non est alia in mtindo in qua anim.T hominiim posstmt salux* fieri. Dum autem ordinaretur
quod fratres cuburerentur, rumor insonuit per toti'i ciniiatem, de qua omnC'senes, 8c iutu-iics
viri iV mulieres, cpii ire poterant, accurrerunt ad illud spe(taculiim intiicndum. Fratres au-
tem ducti fucrunt ad plateam ciuitatis, vbi accensiis e^t ignis fopiostis, in quern frater Th(iin.i<
voluit se proijcere, sed quidam Saracenus eepit eum per caputium, iV retraxit, dicrii«;
Non \ndas tu cum sjs ^enex, quia carmen aliqiiod vcl experimeritiim habere posses super ic',
ijuarc te ignis non posset laedere, sed aliuin ire in ignem |>crmittas. Tunc 4 .Saraceni >ii-
nientes I'ratrem Iaiol)iim, eum in itjnem proijcere volebant; (piibus ille, permittatis me, (|iiia
libenler pro tide mea ignem intrabo: Cui Saraceni non ad(|iiiesccntcs eum \iolentcr in i;;-
nein proiererunt: ignis autem ita accensus crat, (juod luillus eum viderc poteraf, Noceni ta-
in tu

OdoriaU.

itute : Sunt & ibi
iiurcn inagni sunt.
valeiit. All liiiT.
rum, ita inaRniim
ibi aqua.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Multar

istfi modum; dum
•cut vsque Polum-
iiuorum.qui Ncst-
idam illorum ; con-
iin scro vir fiirtilir
t Kadi, vtrum hen
nt in ilom.) lioc vi-
Liite, Im'< t- viuis dc
s maxima; scieiiii.i!
[are: Qui misit pro
1 de Marihia, frater
cm frairc I'ctro, vi
a dis[)iitaro; dicciiv
lonibus & pxcmpli'.
in lonliidit Kadi, &
foniradiiorc: Tiiiu
umu'to ? Kespoiuli!
c, qui IcKom P"»iii
ii, si >api«'ns >ii <>p-
ni ilamabant, Et in
idiTC potesli?<, q'liil
lometiis vcsi»T lilius
ipse, scd omiies iln
Drum, I'v- contra »,>
loriatur ille, qui mi
: ^<lare permiseruni,
Ii;* ibi, «|u6d !*i hoiim
mi 8c hilarcs ii tcrtij
Tianseninl, quod m-
rin accenderc copiii-
tcrit vos comburtre:
lilt fralrcs; parati mi-
jjcncra tolerare: \e-
hoc non erit propter
la & vcri>isima cst,&
m AUlcm ordinaretur
iic» seiies, & iuueiii's
iciiduin. Fratres aii-
quem frater Tlimn.h

\: retraxit, dicing;
bcre po>isfs super h;
Tunc ■♦ Saraceni mi-

permillatis me, (piu
eum xiolentcr in i^-
re poterat, \ ocem la-
mtii

Odoricui.

men eiut audierunt, inuocantem setnpernomen virginis gloriosae; Igneautem totalitir con-

siimplostetit frater Iacobussui)er prunas illxsus, & laetus, inanibus in modum criicis eleuatis,

145

n coclii respiciens & Deu laudans & glorificaiis, qui sicdeclararet fidem suam: nihil aiucm in
CO nee panmis, nee capillus l.xsus per igncm i-.i.entus est; Quod videns populus vnanimitir
conclamare cocpit, sancti sunt, sancti sunt, nrias <>.t ofTendere eos, mod.) vidcmus quia fide*
eorum bona & sancta est. Tunc clamare ccr;)it l.adi: sanctiis non est lilc, quia comluistiis
non est, quia tunica quam portat est de lana terr. . ilabraae, & ideo iiudus exspolietur, & in ig-
nem proijciatur, & vidcbitur si comburctur vcl non. Tunc Saraceni pessimi ad prasceptum
Kadi i^ncm in duplo magis qu:\m prills accendcrunf, &: fratrcm lacobuni nudantes, corpus su-
ura abUicrunt, & olco abund intissimd vnxerunt, insupcr & oleum maximum in struem ligno-
runi ex quibu's ignis fieret, faderunf, ^ igne accenso fratrem in ipsum proieccrunt. Frater
aulem Thomas, & frater Demetrius extra populum in loco separate flcxis genibus orantes cum
lathrymis dcuotioni se dcderunt, Frater autein lacobus iterum igncm exiuit illa;sus sicut
prius fecerat: quod videns omnis populus clamare ca>pit, pcccatiim est, peccatiim est, oiTen-
dcrc eos, qui:\ sancti sunt. Hoc autem lantum miracuhim videns Melich. i. potestas ciiiitatis,
vocauit ad se fratrem lacobum, & fecit eum poncre indumenta, sua, & dixit, videtc fratres, Ite
cum gr.ttia Dei, quia nullum malum patiemini a nobis, inodo bcn^ videmus vos sanctos esse,
& lidl'm vestram bonam ac veram esse; & ideo consulimus vobis, vt de ista terra excatis,
quilm ciiii'ls poteriii", quia Kadi pro posse suo vobis nocerc ciir.ibit, quia sic confudistis eum:
Hora autem tunc erat quasi coinpletorij, & dixerunt illi de populo, attouiti, admirati, & stu-
pefacli, tot, & tanta mirabilia vidimis ab istis hominibus, quod iicscimiw quid tcncre & ob-
Heniarc debemus. ?,felicli vcr6 fecit diici illos trca fratres vlira vnum paruiim brachium maris
in qiiendam Hurgi.'n modicum ab ilia ciiiitatedistantem: ad qiicni etiam ille in cuius iam do-
ino fucra it liospitaii r<ssoci;uiit eos, vbi in domo cuiusdam idolatri recepti sunt. Diim h.xc
agcrcntcr, Kadi iiiii ad Melich, dicens quid faciimis? Lex Machometi dcstructa est, veruntaincn
hoc scire dcl)cs, ipiod Machomet praecepit in suo Alcorano, quod si quis vnum Christianiim
interliceret, ta itu uiereretur, ac si in Mecha ad ipsuin porei;rinarctur. Est enim .Mkoranus lex
Sariaccnoriiin si(ut Euangclium, Nfecha vcro est locus \bi iacct Machomet. Quern locum
ila visitant Sar.iceni, sicut Christian! sepulchnim Christi. Tunc Melich respondet, vadc, &
fac sicut vis: quo diclo statim Kadi accepit quatuor homines armatos vt irent, & illos fnitres
interlicorent, qui cilni aquam transijsscnf, facta e<t nox, & illo sero cos non inuenerunt, sta-
tim Mflich onines Chrisiianos in ciuitate capi fecit, & incarcerauit, media autem nocte fra-
tres shrrcxerunt dicere innlutinum, qiios illi S;iraceni (jui luissi fiierant, inuenerunt, & extra
burnum, sub qiuid:\iti arborc adduxerunt, dixerunt eis. Sciatis fratres nns mandatum habere
a K.idi iV Melich intcrlicere vos, quod tamen faciemus inuiti, quia vos cstis boni homines &
8an( li, scd non audcinus aliter faccre ; quia si iussa sin non perficcremus, & nos cum libtris
nostris & vxoribiis morcremur. Tunc fratres resjionderunt, vos qui hue venistis, it tale man-
datum recepi-tis, vt per mortem tempomlcm vilam n'fermni adipiscamur, quod vobi-i iniiinc-
tum est periicite; quia pri; amore domini nostri lesu Christi, qui pro nobis crucifigi i^ mori
dignatus est, & pro (ide nostra, parati sumus omnia tornienta, &' etiain mortem libenter sus«
tinere. Christianus autem qui fratrts comitabalur, inultum cum illis quatuor armatis alter-
ratu^ est diecns, quod si gladium hatieret, vcl eos a ncce tam sanctorum hominum inipediret,
vel ip^e cum eis intcrfectus esset. Tunc armaii feceriint fratres se cxspoliare, & frater Tho-
mas primus iunctis m.inibus in modu crucis genu llectcns capitis abscissione su.rrpit: Fra-
trem vcro lacobum vnus percussit in capite, & eum v-que ad oculns scidit, 8c alio ictu tutum
caput aliscidit. Frater autem Demetrius primu pcrcussusest cum gladio in pecforc, &sccund6
caput suum abscissum est : Statim vt fratres siium martyriuin compleueriint, atir ita lucidit*
ellWtusest, quod oinnes admirati sunt, & luna niaximain claritatcm ostcndit. Statim quasi
subito tanta tonitriia, it fulgura, 8c coruscatioiie;, & obsi uritas fiebant, qu6d omnes inori
credidcrunt: Nauis eti:im ilia quae illos debuerat deportasse submersa est cum omnibus qua>
in se habuit, ita quod nunquam dc ilia pnsie.i aliquid scituni est. Facto mane misit Kadi
pro rebus fratrum pnediclorum nostroruni, \- tunc iiuientus est frater Petrus de Senis quar-
tus socius fratrum priidictorum, quem ad Kadi diixcrunt : Cui Kadi, & alij Saraceni maxima
vol.. u. U promittcntcj

*^1'

m^'\

t\:'

llfl

Pii ■

': p

• "'• 1

<[/

146

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Odoricua.

promiltentes pcrsiiascrtint quod (idem siiam rciiucrcl, & Icfjem Nfaclioincli ronCitcrcfur, 8c
tcncrct. Fratcr aiitcm I'ctrus do illis trulliibat, cos imilliim dcridi'iid's quciii dc mane vs(|iic
ad meridiem diucrsis pacnarum ac tormciitoniin <;ciu'ribiis aflixcriiiit ipso sciiipir consiai>ti>-
simc in fide, & in Dei laiidibus piisi>iento, iV lidciii iilcriiin MaclKiincti derideiitf & dc-
stniente. Vidciilcs aulcin Sararcni eum no jjDSsca sud i)r(>i)iisito ciiclli, eum sii|)cr quandain
arbon" stispciiderunt, in ([ua de noiia vsq; a;i nin'tem \iiui-; .Sc illasiis pcpcndit : nocie vem
ipsiini do arborc Miinpscrunt, & \idenios ilium latii, \iiiiiin, iS: ilhcMim prr nieilium siiiim
corpus diuiscrunt, maiie ante laclo nihil dc corpurc cius imitnluin est, viii imucn ])i'rsoiiif
fide dij;ii;e reuelatum est, quod Dens corpus cius occullauerat reuelandu in certo lemiiore,
(|uand(') Deo placuerit Saiutorum corpora manilcstare. N't autcm Deus cstcndcrcf animas
suoruni martynmi iaiu in ccvlis consislere, iS: con^aiidcre runi Deo & An^elis & alijs Sanctis
eius, die sequent! post martyriu fratruin pra'dietoru Mclich dorniitioni •■edcdii, X ecceappa-
ruerunt sibi isli I'ratres j;lorit>-<i, kV siciit Sol, lueidi, sinpulos eiises ii ncntes in manii)us, I'v
supra eum cos >iic \ibninles, quod \i si cum perfoder .ic ilii!id<ic vclii'ni: ijui exdiaius lior-
ribililcT exclaniauit, sii-. ijuikI tola familia terruit : (jux- sibi acriirrcns ()ua>iuit, (piid sibi
essct ? (piibus ilk", Illi Kaban Franchi quo interlici ius>i, vcncnnit line ad r.ic cum i nsibi;s,
\olentes me inierlirerc. l.l .-tatim Mdicli misit |)ro Kadi, rclcrcns >ii,i \i-i(,nr, & peleM>
consilium, & consolalionem, <piia liinuit per cos linalitcr inlcrirc. Tunc Kadi >il)i consuliiit,
\t illis nia\imas ciccmosviias f.ucrct, ^i de nianibus inlerfccloru cuadere vcllet. Tunc
misir pro Christianis <|uos in carcere intrudi pra'cei)erat : A tpiibus cum ad cinn \cni>si- t
iniiuli;entiam pctiji pro lacio suo, diccns sc e-.se aniodo soriimi corn, \ (onlVatrcni: I'ta-
cejiit autcm & Icfiem statuit, quod pro tempore suo, si (|iii-i aliquc ('hri^ii.iiiu ollcmlcrii.
staliin moreretur, K >ic omnes illiesos, & inilemius aliire piiir--it. I'ro ilii-^ auto ipiatuir
fratribus inlerfectis quaincT mosqueias, ( i. ) la < lcsia> .edilii ari It. it, qi.a.* per Sacerdoics
Saracenorum iiihabitari I'ei it. .'\u<liens autcjn imperalor Dodsi i>tos trc> fratrc- talein scii-
tentiam subijsse, misit pro Nfclicii, vt \inctus ad eum (Uuerctin', A (|uo < iim addui Ins e>set.
')uai>iuit im|)erator, jpiare ita crudelitcr illos Iratrc-. iusscrat inlerfici, rcspoiulit, <piia sub-
iiertcrc volebant Iej;em n()>train, iV malum \ bl\-plicmiam de |)roplieta iiostro diccbaiil : \
iinperator ad cum; () crudelis>ime cinis, cum \idcres t|uod Dens (imMip<ite!'.s bis ab igne eo>
libcraueril, quo modo ausus fuisti illis mortem inl'crrc t.ou criuiclciu. V.l edicia scntentia, ip-
,<lini Melich cum tola sua familia per medium scindi fecit, sicut ipse t.dcm mortem fratri iii-
ftixerat. Kadi vero audiens, dc terra ilia, iS; etiam de impcratori> illius dominio cl.'im fugii.
i^ sit cuasit.

De miranilis (piatuor fralrum occisorum.

FSt autem con,s,ietuilo in terra ilia, ()ll(^d corpora mortua non iradiintiir scpultui.e, sed in
<am])is diiiiitiuiitur, iV ex calore Solis cito resolinintur, iS: si( (onsumuntur: Cor|)ora autciii
trifi tratrii pni diciorum per 14. di<'s illic in feru.ire Solis iacucrunt, & ita receniia &; redo-
lentia imienta I'uer iiif sidil ilia die (juando martiri/.ati eraiit ; quod \idcntcs Cliristiani i\m
in ilia terra habilabant, predicta corpora ceiuTunt, iS; houorilicc sepi'liiTiini. Fj,'o autcm
CXloricus ;uidiens factum ..V marts rium illoru ftatrum, iui illuc, iV eorpor.i corn cnTodi, I't ty->i
omnia nieeum accepi, \- in |)ul(liris towaliiji i ollijjaui, iV in Indiani siipcriorem ad vnii locii
fralrum nostnrii ca dejxirtaui, liabens meciim xicimn, & vnu famulCi. Cum aule e.ssemu>
in via, hospilabamus in domo cuiiiMlfi liospitarij, \ ip^a osj-a (aj)iti meo .<!iipp(>ui, I'i: dormiiii;
F.t dum di rmircm domus ilia ."l Saracenis subittN accendebatur, \t mecum d.'ino eomluirercii!.
Domo ante sic arcciisa, sociiis metis \- famulus de dntno exierunt, & me solum cum os>ibus
dimiserunt, cpii \idens ij-nem su])ra me, ossa accc])i iV cum illis in annulos doinus reculle^i,

Tres autcm anyuli domus slatiin eobiisti fuerunt, antrul

ncntc: Supra me ante ignis se lenuil in modu aeris lueidi, nee descendil cpiamdiu ib
sislebam ; quam (itoaute lum ossibus exii.i, staliin lota pars ilia sicut ali;e priores i;,iio (

o in quo sieti cu o>sibus >alu<i nm

sumpta (St, I.V nuilta alia loca circiiinadiacenlia (obii^ta sunt.

Aliiid

niiraculu conligii, im

cum ossibus per n.are profieiente ad (inilate I'olumbni \bi piper nascilur abudaiiler, (|iii.i
nobis ventus tolalilcr defeeit : jpiapropter veiienint ldulali;e .'idoraiiles Deos suos pro \c: !

prospi'i"

pei

fills

ger

que

nen

aiit(

sub

sen

fen

eti;!

S(l|)

pei

fiii(

nio|

ali;

ins

bur

r.mi

ft Ut

Odorictis.

ronfitcretur, &

(If mane vsquc
iH)ir coiistanli>-
kTiilcnle & lU'-

siipcr quaiul;iin
i\il : iiortc M'lo
r nicH\iuin s^miin

l.iincn i)iT-^i)iiii'
II cert" tempore,
.tiiulerif iinimns
is & alijs Saiiiti-

lit, iV eice appa-
cs in maiiibiis, cS:
uii CM italii> l«ir-
iiii>iuit, iiiiiil "il'i
!(• mm I ii^ilii;^,
viMijiir, & jielen-
.aili >ilii coiiMiluit,
•re- villet Tuiu
I ad I'liin villi -V' i
roiilVatrdn: Tia-
i~li.iiui olii'iulerct,
) illi ; aiilc »iuatui.r
as ncr Sacerilolcs

I'ratrc- laU'in scn-
iiin aiUlmliis i>scl,

^loiulit, <liiia Mil)-
ii^tr.i Jirebant : \
iciis bis ab ij^nr ci)>
cdirla scntenlia, ip-
m nu.rtcm fratri in-
(lomiiii" <lam i'w^'n.

ir ,epiiitiii:e, sc«l in
liir : (.'orpiira autcin
it I reientia t^: ri<.h<-
u'litis Chri>tiaiii (jiii
iiiTimi. 1-H" ao""'
a corn clTiKli, & o-a
joriorem ad viiii Ici ii
Cuin ante essemu-
iiippc-iii, t'^ diirmiui;
II d>'n\o ciimliiirenr,!.
10 solum cum os«i!)ib
uUis doiiuis rcriHi';;i.
'i ()«sibus -ahio riin,;-
lulit qiiamdili ilii Iht-
aliie |)rioics i;,ne n-ii-
[iiiraiiilu conti^;;it, nii'
titiir abudaiiler, (lui.i

S UlOS SUOS \n-0 M'! !•

pri'spt-T'.'

Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

prospcro, que famcn no obtinuerunt : Tunc Saraccni suas inuorationes, & adorationcs labo-
riosc leccrrit, scd nihil prolcccrut ; Et pracceplu est mihi & socio nico \ t orationcs fundcre-
mus Dco nostro: Et dixit rector nauis in Armenico mihi, quod alij no intellijrercnt : qudd
nisi posscmus ventu prospem a Dco nostro impctrare. nos cum ossibus in mnre proijccret :
Tune e?o I'i: socius feiimus orationcs, voiicnfcs muita< mi.-sas de bcata vir^'ine celebrare, sic
quod \ cntii placorct sibi nobis impctrare. Cum atitg tcpus transiret, &: ventus non veniret,
atcejii viiii de ossibus, & dedi Cannilo, vt ad caput nauis irct, & cl;\in in mare proijccret ;
quo proiecto slatim alUiit ventus prosper <iui niiuquri nobis dcfecit, vsquequo penicnimus
ad p rtu, meritij* istori'i martyrii cum salute. Deindc asrcndimus alia iiaue vt in Indiam su-
pcriore ircmus ; Et veniinus ad qiiandri eiuilafem vocat.'i Carchaii in qua sunt duo loca fra-
trum nostroruin, & il>i rcponcrc istas reliquias volebamus. In naui autem ilia erant plus 700.
mercatorcs & alij : Nunc illi Idolati.x islam consuetudinem habebant, quod semper antequam
ad pnrfum api)licuprint, toiam naucm pcrquirerent, si isti alicpia ossa mortuorum animalium
inueiiircnt, qui rcpcrta statiiii in mare proijccrcnt, A: per hoc boiium portum atfinjiere, Sc
mortis pcriculu euaderc eredeieiit. Cum autcni frequenter perquircrcnt, iK: ilia ossa fre-
cpientcr laiifjercnt, semper oruli deUisi fuerunt, sic quod ilia nop perpendenint ; & sic ad
locum iValrum deportauimiis cum omni rcuerentia, \bi in pare requiescunt ; vbi etia inter
idoiatras Deus contin^l^. miracula operator. Cum eiiim aliquo morbo };rauantur, in terra ilia
vbi iVatrcs passi sunt i|»si vadunt; & de terra vbi corpora sanp;uinolenta iacuerunt stimunt
quam abluuiit, i*t ablutioncm bibunt, & sic ab infirinitatibus suis iibcrantiir.

(iuo modo habetur Pij)er, & vbi uascitur.

VT autcm videatiir quo modo habetur piper, sciendum qudd in quodam impcrio ad quod
applicui, nomine * .Minibar, nascitur, iS: in nulla parte mundi lantum, quantum ibi ; Ncmus
enim in cpio uascitur, continet octodecim dicla<, iSj in ipso iiemorc sunt dux ciuitates vna
nomine riandriiii, alia nomine Cyiuiliin : In Elandrina hai)ilant ludmi aliqui & aliqui Chris-
tiani, inter quos est Ijcllum frequenter, se<l Christiani vincunt ludacns semper: In isto ne-
morc habetur piper per istum modum. Nam priiuo nascitur in fulijs oleniin, qii.fi iuxta
mannas arborcs plaiitanlur, sicut nos ponimiis vitcs ; iS: j)roducunt Imctum, sicut racemi
nostri priiducunt vuas ; sed quando maturcscunt sunt \iridis colons, & sic vindcmiantur vt
inter nos vindemiatur vu;e, & pounntur t;raiia ad solciii vt dcsicccntur: quo; dcsiccata repo-
nuntur in vasis tcrreis. & sic fit piper, »>: ciistoditur. In isto ante nemore sunt (lumina multa
in quibus sunt Croiodili mulli, & multi alij serpcntes sunt in illo nemore, quos homines
cr stupam & palras i ;>mburunt, & sic ad colli^>cndum jiiper secure accediint. A capite li-
tis nenioris versus meridiem est ciuiias I'olunibruin in qua maxima mcrcimonia cuiuscuuquc
generis rej)eriuntiir. Omnes autem de terra ilia boiicm viuum sicut Deum suiim adorant,
qucin (). annis faciiint laborare, 8c in septinii) jiu iuut ipsum quiescere ab omni o[)erc ; po-
nentcs ipsinn in loco solemni, it commiiiii, 8c dicentes ipsum esse animal sanctum. Hunc
autcm rituin obseruaiit : (juolibet mane accipiunt duas pcliies dcauro, vcl de arp;ento, iS: vnani
submittunt vrina? h(n\U, & aliam stcrcori, de \rina lau;intsibi facicm & lu'ulos, & omnes 5.
scnsus : de stcrcore vero ponunt in vtroqiie oculo, posieii liniunt summilatcs ocnarum, &.
terlio pectus, & ex tunc dicmit se sanctilicatos pro toto die illo : & sicut facit popidus, ita
etiani facil rex & reffina. Isti ctiain aliud idoluin murtuum adorant, quod in mcdicfatc vna
superior est homo, iSc in alia est bos, & illud idolumdat eis responsa, iV aliipiotii'-ns pro sti-
pendio petit san<;uine, 40, virjiiiuun : & ideo liomines illius regionis ita \ouent (ilias suas Sc
filios, sicut Christinni aliqui alicui rclij;;i(ini, \el saiuto in coclis. Kt jier istum modiiin iin-
molant lilios fee lilias, 8t multi ht>miiies per istum riliim inoriuntur ante idolum illud, i.V' multa
alia abomiiiabilia facit |)opulus imc bestialis, iV- imilia iniiabilia vidi inter cos qua- nolui hic
inscrere. Aliam eonsuctudincm vilissimani liabet ;;eiis ilia: Nam quado homo moritur.com-
burunt ipsum mortutini, ^ si vxore habet, ipsam comburunt viiiam, quia dicunt quod ipsa
ibit in aratiira, & cullura cum viro suo in alio nuiiulo : Si autcm v\or ilia habcat liberos ex
viro suo, potest maiiere <i:m eis si \elit sine verccuiulia & improperio, commimiier tamcn
cmncs priccligunt comburi cum marito; si anteiu vxor pr.x-moriatur viro, lex ilia non obliyat

I' '-i \iru!n,

14T

MiUbir.

Polumbrum <::••

Ult.lS.

Alioratio bouii.

Combiutio mor>
tuoriim.

i}':

'(.li.

, I f't

*!■ 'i (J

.■- )

%■[ ^ 'H I

l,i

Mobar rfgnum
«cl Mjtiapor.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricm.

Crudfliisima Sa-
lan.T tyranilis, &
vdriiilicliia.

Platnnlca

flimnltrx vfl
bmutta.

vinim, sed potest alia vxorem diicere. Aliam ronsiietudinem habct j^ens ilia, quod rcrminiB
ibi bibiint vinum, & homineit non : Fccminfc etia faciunt sibi radi cilia, 8c !iupcrcilia, & bar-
bam, & homines non : & sic de multis alijs vilibus contra naturam sexus eorum. Ab isto
regno iiii decern dietas ad aliiid rcji;num dictum Mobar, quod h;ibct in se multas ciuitates &
in illo rcquiescit in vna ecclcsia corpu'4 beati Thnmtc Apostoli, & est ecdesia ilia plena idolis,
& in circuity ecclesiacsiniul Canonici viuuntin 15. domibus Nestoriani, id est, mail Chris-
fiaiii, & 'ichismatici.

De quodam idolo mirabili, & dc quibusilam ritibus eorum.

IN hoc regno est vnuin Idolnm mirabile, quod onines Indi rcuerentur: & est statura ho-
minis ita magni, sicut no><lcr Christophorus depictiis, & est totum dc auro purissimo &
splendidissimo, & circa collum habet vnam chordiilam sericam cum lapidibus prcliosissimis,
quoru aliquis valct plus quani vninn rejjnum: Domus idoli est tota dc auro, scilicet in tecto,
Sc pauimento, & superdric parictum interius & exterius. Ad illud idolum pcregrinantur
Indi, sicut nos ad S. Pclrum: Alij vcniunt cum chorda ad collum, alij cum manibus retrti
ligatis, alij cum cultclld in braihio vel tibia delixo, & si post peregrinalioiie fiat brachium
marcidum, ilium repulant s.inctum, & beni cum Deo suo, luxla ecdesiam illius idoli est
lacus viuis manufactu*, & manifcsiuH, in quem percgrini proijciunt aurum 8c argentum, 8c
lapidcs prctiosos in lionorem Idoli, it a. I ii'dificationem ecclcsia:' sua.*, 8c ideo (juando aliquid
debet ornari, vcl reparari, vadunt homines ad hunc lacum, & proiecta extrahunt: die autem
annua constructionis illius idoli, rex 8c regina cum tofo populo 8c omnibus prregrinis arce-
dunt, 8c ])onunt illud idolum in viio curru prcliosissimo ipsum de ccclesia educenles cum
Canlicis, 8c omni genere musicornm, & m\iltie virgines aiitccedunt ipsum binoe & bJTi.T, pro-
ccssionalitercombinatti' modulantes: Percgrini etiam mulii ponunf se sub curru, vt transeat Deus
supra eos; ti omnes super quos currus transit, comminuif, & per medium scindit, 8c inter-
ficit, 8c |)er h(;c repulant se mi)ri pro dco suo sanrti" he secure: 8c in omni anno hoc niodo
nioriunlur in via sub idolo plusqtiain 5(K) homines, (|uorum corpora combnrunlur, 8c cinerfs
sicut rdiquia? lustodiuntur, quia sir pro Deo suo u'oriunlur. Alium ritiim habciif, quandn
ali(|uis homo ollert se mori pro deo sun, coiuieniunt omnes amici cius 8c parentes cum his-
trionibus multis, f;icicnles sibi fostinn magnum, h post fesiiim appendunt collii eius .*» cul-
tellos aruiissimi s duccnies cum ante idolum, (]U(^ cum prruenerit, sumit \num ex culfelli«,
8c clamat alta vote, pro deo nieo incido mihi de came mca, 8c f'ruslimi incisum proijcit in
faricm idoli: vliima vero inrisione i)cr quam scipsum interfirif, (licit, me mori pro deo mro
perniiild, (pio mortuo corpus eius comburitur, & sanctum fore ab omnibus crediliu'. Hex illius
rrgionis est (lilissimus in auro & argento, iV gemmis pretiosis; ibi etiam sunt marsaril.-e
puU'hriores de mundo. In(l^ tnnisiciis iui per mare oceaniim versus meridiem per : dielas
ad unam tcrram vocaiam Lamnjori, in qua ex imniensilafe cah^ris, t:un viri <|unm IVrmiiiT
omnes inceduut luidi in toto corpore: (Iui \identes me vcstilum, deridebaiit me, dicentes
Deuni, Adam & luiam lecissc nudos. In ilia regione omnes niulieres sur.t couununes, ir:i
quod nullus potest dicere, ha-c est wor mea, I'i: cfim mulier ali(|ua parit lilium vel (ili:uii
dat rii vult de hijs qui < iincubuenuit: Tota etiam terra illius re^ionis habelur in comnuuii.
ita quod non meum 8c tuum in diuisione terrarii, domos tamen h,d)ent speiialcs: ('arni"i
hunnnw quando homo est pinguis ila bene coniedunlur, sicut infer nos bouiii.r: iV: licci
gens sit |)(Stifcrn, lamcn term optima est, & abundat in omnibus bonis, carnibus, bhuliv
riso, auro, argento, it lignis Aloe, (unfari, I't miillis .Tliis. Mercntortx autem cum aiit-
(luiif ad huic regionem ducunt sccum homines piii'iues vendenles illos gcnti illlih
regionis, sicut nos vendimus porcos, qui statim occidunt eos it coniedunt. In Inn-
insula versus meridiem est aliud rcgnum vocalfi S\mol(ra, in cpu) lam viri quam mii-
lieres sjjinant se ferro calido in facie, in 1'^. partibus, Kt hij semper bellant cum
hominibus nudis in alia regione. \'ltra Iransiui ad aliam insulam qua- vocatur l;iii:i
cuius ambitus per mare est Iriiim milliu niilli:iriinn, iS,: rex illius insulie habet sub so
7. reges coronalos, & h.TC insula o|)tinu'^ iuh:ibitattir, & inelior secunda dc mundo rcpiu.i-
tur In ea iiaiicutur in copia garyophylli, cubibc/, & nuces muscala;: & breuiter oiiuics

S[)Cl il ^

ad I
do]
pel
illJ
sell
pol

Ml if

'TU

Odoricm.

quod foeminiB
pcrcilia, & bar-
[irum. Ab isto
ins ciuitntcii, &
lla plena idolis,
est, mail Chris-

cst statura ho-

iro purixsimo &

,is prcliosissimis,

scilicet in tcfto,

m pcregrinantur

n manibiix rctr6

)iie Hat brachiiim

illiiis idoli est

I & argentiim, &

!o (|iiando aliquid

ahunt: die aiitein

prrerrriiiis arcc-

a cdiiccnies mm

)iiite & biih-r, pm-

■II, vt transeatDeiis

1 srindit, & intcr-

ni anno hoc modn

inmliir, & cinerf>;

n h:d)eiit, quando

^arentes rum his-

t collo eius 5 rul-

\niim ex cultclli^,

nrisum proijcit in

mori pro deo nieo

.•leditiir, \U\ illiii"

m sunt inarsarit.T

diem per .'0 dicl:i<

viri qiinm fcrmina'

fbant me. direnifN

iiir.t roninuint'"'. it:i

rit (ilium \el liliam

d)elur in comniuiii.

spriialc-i: Carnc'i

■> bouinn' : iSc licet

s, carnibus, lilnili'f,

« auteni cum acct-

Odoricus.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

illns t;cntl Mliu>
•oniedunt. In hac
im \iri quam mu-
mper bi'llant ciipi
(pur vocatur I;iii;i
m<uIh' liabct sub >e
a tic mundo rcput.i-

& brcuitcr onims

•.[K'til^

species ibi sunt, & maxima abiindantia omniu victualium praeterquam vini.
terrac habet palatium nobilissimu inter omnia quae vidi aitissimci staf, & gradi

Rex illius
his & sralai
habet altissimos, quorum semper vnus gradus est aureus, alius argenteus; Pauimentum
>er6 vnum latcrem habet de uuro, alifi de argeto. Parietes ver6 nmnes interius sunt
laminati laminis aurcis, in qnibus sculpti sunt Equites de auro habentes circa caput
circuliim aureum plenum la|)idibus pretiosis: Tectum est de auro puro. Cum isto rege ille
magnus Canis dc Katay frequenter fuit in belle: Quem tamen semper ille Hex vicit &
siiperauit.

Dc arboribus dantibus farinam, 8c mel, & venenum.

IVxfa istam Insniam est alia contrata vocata Pantcn, vcl alio nomine Tathalamn^im, & Rex vei Maiaimi.
illius contrat.'c niullas insulas habet sub se. In ilia terra sunt arbores dantes farinam, & mel,
& vinum, & ciiam venenum periculosius qund sit in mundo, quia contra illud non est re-
medium, nisi vnum solum, & est illud. Si aliquis illud venenum sumpsisset, si velit libc-
rari, sumat stercus hominis & cum aqua temperct, & in bona quantitatc bibat, & statim fu-
gat vencnu facicns exire per inferiores partes. Farinam autem faciunt arbores hoc modo,
sunt magnac & basstc, fc quando inciduntur cum securi prop6 tcrram, exit de slipite liquor
quidam sicut gummie, quem accipiunt homines <!\.- ponunt in sacculis dc folijs factis, & per
quindecim dies in sole dimittunt, & in fine dccimi quinti diei ex istu liquorc desiccato fit
farina, qufi primo ponunt in aqua maris, postea lauant cam cum aqua duici, & fit pasta
valdci bono <Si.' odorifera, de qua faciunt cibos vel panes sicut placet eis. Dc quibus pani-
bus ego c.imoJi, & est paiiis cxtcrius pulcher, sed interius aliqunntulum nigcr. In hac
contrata est marc inorluiim (juod semper currit versus meridiem, in quod si homo cccidcrit, muc quod srm-
iiunqunm postci'i coniparct. In contrata ilia iniiciiiritur CanniC longissimae plures t)assus ha- r" y""it vcrsuj
bentes quam l\> iv sunt magnic vt arbores. Alia? ctia Caiina; sunt ibi quas vocantur C assaii
quae i)cr terra dirigiintur vt gramen, & in quolilict nodo caru ramuli produnintiir qui ctiain
prolongantur super teriam per vnum miliare fei(>: in hijs Cannis reperiuntur lapidcs, quo-
rum si (piis vnuiu super sc porlauerit, non potcrit incidi aliqiio ferro, & ideo communitcr
homines illius ctmtrafii! portaiit illos lapidcs super: Miilti etiam faciunt piieros suos duin
sunt ])ariii iiicidi in vno brachio, A: in \iilnere ponunt vnum dc illis lapidibus, 5c faciunt
vulmis roduderc sc ])er vnum piiluercm dc (piodatn pisce, cuius noincn ignoro. qui pul-
uis statim \iilniis consdljd.nt & sanat: & virtiitc illorum Inpidiim commiinitiJr isti homines
friiimpliant in bellis, iV- in m.iri, nee pnssciit i-ti homines l.edi |)cr aliqua anna terra: Vnum
tamen rcincdium est, quod aducrsarij illius gcntis sciciitcs \irtiitcm lapidum, prouident sibi
propugnaciila I'errea contra spicul.i illorum, ^,- anna venenata dc vcneno arborum, &' in
manii portant palos ligneos :i( titissimos & ita diiros in extrcmitate sicut cssct fernim: Simi-
liter sngiltant dim sagitlis sine ferro, & sic confuiuliit nliquos & perforant inermes ex lapi-
dum scciiritatc. De istis eiiam Canis C.issan faciunt sibi vc!a pro siiis nauibus & domunculas v.UMarunj,-
pariias, & multa sibi ncccssaria. hide rrccssi per mtillas diclas ad aliud regnum vocatum "''""'^"'"•
C:iinpa, pulchcrriiniiin, & npuleiiti-simiim in omnibus victualiliiis Cuius rex qii.'ido fui Camp.i.
ibi tot liabuit vxnrcs. & alias nmlit res, (piod de il!i> .'l(M). fiiios & (ilias habiiit. Isle rex ha-
bet dej ics millcsie- & i|iiatii(ir e!ci)luitum ih mcsticorii, qiios ita facit ciistodiri sicut inter nos
custodiiint boue«, vel grc ;es in pascuis.

De iiitiltitiitline Piscium, cpii se proijdimt in aridam.

IN hac contrata vnii miial'ilc valdJ' icjieritur. (|uod viiatpi.Tq; generatio piscium in niari
ad ista ('oiitratam venit in tanta quantitatc, quod per magnu sp;itiuni maris nil \idetur nisi
dorsa piscmm, & super nriilam sr ])roijfiuiit quando propt"- ripum snni, & permittCit homines
per tres dies \enire. & Jo iliis s;iincrc (luatitiiin iiiaciicriiit, & tiint leileiit ad mare: Post
ilia speciem per ilium luofuin vcnii alia species, & „|!;.rt se, & sic de omnibus speciebus,
semel tamen tanium luc iariunt in anno. Kt <iii;esiui a geiite ilia quoi.iodo 8c qiialiter hoc
possit fieri? rcspondi iM t quo I Ikh- modo pisces per natuia docciitur venire, 6c imperatoiem
buuin reuercri. Ibi ctia sunt ic-tudiiics ita niagiiM' sicut e.si vnus furiius, & multa alia vidi T«iL.dm.,nij.

07.

f i

t m

*•.

■f

it ■

1 ' »,

l\u\

I-
t

•t[l

150

Atoumor.in.

Criliii iiituti.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Oiloricus.

quns incrodibilia forent, nisi homo ilia vidisset. In ilia ctia contrata homo mortiiu<* coburi-
tur, & vxor villa cum co, siciit siipcriiis de alia colrata diclfi est, quia diiiint homines ill!
qii6d ilia vadit ad aliuni niundum ad morandinn cum cd, ne ihi alium wore arci|»iaf. Vltri
transiui per mare Occanum versus mciidicni, iV transiui per niiiUas contralas & insiilas, qua-
rum vna vocatur Moumrran, & habct in riicuitu ^000. milliari.i, in qua homines) portat fa-
ciei* caninas & niulicrcs siniililtr, & vnfi boiicm adoranf pro Deo suo, & ideo quilibct vnii
boue aurcum vel arj^enteu in fronlc portat: Homines illiiis rOtrala' <!C' muiicres vadiuit tcfa-
liter nudi, nisi cpiod vnum pmmnn linoiim portant ante vrrcnda sua. Homines illius
rcgionis sunt niaximi & fortissimi, & <|uia vadunt nuili, (pLindo debent bcllare, ])orlaiit
vnuni siiitum dc ferro, quod coopcrit cos h c;ipiln vsq; ad pedes, i"^- si contingat ecsaliquem
de aducr^arijs caperc in bclio qui pecunia non possit rcdimi, siatim cimedunt eum; si au-
tem possit sc redimere pecunia, iilum abire pcrniittunt: Hex e( rmn portat .'100. margaritas
ad colluni suuni maxinias & pulcherrimas, iV 300. orationes cnini (lie (licit Deo suo: Hie
etiam pnrtat in digito sun vnum lapidcm Ioni;itudinis vnius sp.in-a.\ iS: dum liabet illu vide-
tur ab alijs quasi vna flamma i<.Miis, & idee) nullus audct sil)i a|)pri>pin(piare, & didtur
qucKl nun est la|)is in muiulo pretionior illo. Magnus aulcm inij)enitor Tartarorum de
Katai, nimquam vi, nee pecunia, iiec ingenio ilium ubtinere putuit, cum tamcn circa hoc-
laboraucrit.

De Insula Ceilan, & dc monfc vbi Adam plaiixit Abel liliinn siuiin.

TUansiui j)er aliain insulam vocalam C'cilaii, <pi,T liabet in anibiln plusqiia duo millia niil-
liaria, in qua sunt serpentes (piasi inliniti, &: maxima inultiuiil > Icoiuini, vrsarum, it om-
nium animalium rapacium, & siluesirium, \- |)iiti~siM'(- elep' :intu. In ilia contrata c>t
mons maximus, in <pio dicunt gentes illius rejiionis (pu'id Adam planxit Abel (ilium suum
biXt. annis. In medio illius montis est planicies pulcherriina, in (pi.i c-t lacns ))aruiis mul-
lum liabens dc aqua, it homines illi dicimt aquam illam luis^e (Ic lai hr\ mis Ada- & V.utr.
sed probaui hoc falsuin esse, (piia vidi a(|uam in lacu scaturire: liar aqua plena est hirudi-
nibus iV sangtiisugis, vV lapidibns pretiosis; i-.tos lapidcs rex non ai'ci'jjit sibi, sed seu\ei
\cl iiis ill anno pvrmittit paupcres sub :;(|ua ire pro l,ii):(lil)us, it on nes (piot |.o«sin)t colli-
"ere illis concedit, vt orent

pr.

'I'

cum illis vngunt ic vakb"; l;enc, it sic nudos se in acpLini submergiint, & saligi

illis noi-erc non po-siini. Ab isin lam acpia exit & curril v.^cj; ad mare, & in transitu
quand(> retrahitsc, rodiuntiir Iiubi;c.& adainantc-, k niarxaritr, it aba' gemmae prelios,T: mM
opinio est quid rex ille ma','is ;ilniiidat lajjidibus preiinsis, (juani alicjuis in mnndo. In con-
trata ilia sunt quasi oiunia gciu'ra aiiiinaliuni & ;uiuin ; & dixcrunt iiiihi 'j;cnfes illx, qiu'nl
animalia ilia nullii forenscm inuailiini, ncc olR-ndunt, sed tantii homines illius regionis.
Vidi in ilia insula aues ita niagr.as siciit sunt hie aiisercs, habentcs duo capita, & alia mir.i-
bilia i\\ix non scribo. \'ltra \cr-us nicridiein transiui, iV appliciii, ad iii-ulatn quandaai
Bjdin tnwia. flii.T? \()tatur Bodiii, quod idem c-t (piod imniundum in lingua nosir.>. In ea moratur pcsM-
mi homines, «]ui tonu'duiil cirnC'i ciiidas, \ dinncin iiinninidiiiit latiuiil (pi.x* quasi cxco-
gitari uu poteril; nam pnicr innirdii lilium, lV liliiis p.itrc', tV mariius \ xorem, ^^ e ron.

Iraric, ik: hoc per himc mi

»i i)at<r aiiiiii'.is i:i!irinetur, (ilius \ailit ad A^tl•ol<l^^i

-ac( rdotfin, sc/. rojj

alls ciiiii (pi(,d (on^uLl Dciiin -unin, si pater de tali inlirmitate euade

\el non.

Tunc ambo vadunt :id id

Ilium aurctiin.

ar'ii'ntcum, fac letcs orationes in li.i

forma. Domine, tu es Dcus iioster, te adoramus, iV rogamus \t nobis respundcas, di-
bttr.f! talis ;\ tali infirinitatc mori \cl libeniri? TiiiiC D.einoii rc'^pOdef, i"t: si dicat, viuct, (;•
bus vadit i!v: minisiraf illi vsq; ad plena coinialcsceiitia: Si aiiti- dicat, morietur, Sacerdm
ibit ad cum, \- \nuin ])annuni sujkt us ciiis [xmei, it sull'ocabil eum, it ipsiim iiicrtmrn

iiu idet in frusta, & iiiuitabuntur cMiii.cs ;imici, iV i)arciites ciusa(l(oiiie(

cantuis, <!t omni l;etitia, ossa t.iMicn ejus lionoriluc ^cnclieiit. C

(lend

iim cum cum

urn

ritu repn

liend

(omcdani, tunc c

I, (pia-rcns cau.sani: Kc'-p

cbt vni

ante ego eos dc tali

lis niilii, noc lacimus tie vermes cariics ciih

Ills aniina magna p(cnaMi sustineret. nee potcrain euellerc cos ah i^to cr-

rore; iit mullie ali;e nouilatcs .sunt ibi, (pias no crcdeient, nisi qui \idereiit. Jlgo autci

nil
soil
VI
mil

hoi
erJ

Sllll

caJ

iiiij
. vnl

•I ""I
vnf

Odor ic us.

mortmis cObiiri-

int homines ill!

acci|)iat. Vltra

I Si in><ulas, qua-

iniincs ixirfat fa-

Ico qiiilibct vnii

res vailunt tda-

Hoininc:* illiiis

bcllari', porlaiit

iiji;;it C('s aliqiicin

(lunt cum ; si au-

.S()0. mar^arifas

it Deo suo: Hie

liabet iliii viilo-

iquiire, & diriliir

nr Tariarorum ilc

n tamcn circa iioi-

slllllll.

iifi duo millia luil-
, vrsarum, it din-
1 ilia (onirala cx{
t Abel liliiim siiiim
lacui j)anius miil-
Miii-i Ada- & V.wv,
a jilena tsl liirmli-
)it Kil'i. '^ed MMiiri

)U(>t JiO-SllUt (olli-

:i('ci|>iiint lynioncs
lilt, & >atipiii>iii;.!'
larc, & ill transitu
iiiitX i)retio»<T : viuli'"
in niimd". In con-

'^cnteH illa\ quul
incM iiliiis regioMN.
(■;ipita, & alia mini-
(I iii-iiiam quaiula:ii
111 ra niorafur (ic-m-
lilt t\ux quasi cxcii-
■i vxoreni, iV c am-
adit ail A*.tr(doi;iiin
i iiilirmitate euailri,
•tcs oratioiu-'i in Ikv:
\us ri's]>oiideas, do-
\: si diiaf, vimt, I:-
, niorietiir, Saierdu

K i|)>iim niiTtiuiii
icdciidiim euin iiim

ante «"j;o cos dc l.ili
? vcrnic-i lariK's ciin
I'lU-re (lis at) i>l<> ir-
iderci.t. l'..uo aiitcm

Odoricus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

151

iiiit jKm-
ono-

coram Deo nihil htc rcfcro, nisi iilud dc quo certus sum sicut homo eertificari poterit. De
i-ita insula inquisiui a inidlis CNpcrtis, qui omnes vno ore respondcrunt mihi, dicenlcs,
quod ista India 4I(K). insulas continct sub se, siuc in se, in qua ctiam sunt fA. rcj!;es coro-
naii, & otiam dicunt quod maior pars illius insulie bcnf' inliabitatur. Et h!c istius India: fa-
cio linen).

Dc India superior!, &de ProuinciaManci.

INpriniis rcfcro, quod cum transircm per mare Oicanum pcrmulfas dicfas versus Oricntcm,
pcrueni ad illam magna piouinciam Manci, qua' India vocatur a Latinis. De ista India supc-
riori inquisiui a Chiisiianis, Saraccnis, idolalris, & omnibus, qui ofTicialcs sunt domini Canis
inay;ni, qui onines vno ore resiiondcrunt, (juod li.xc prouincia Manci habct pliisquam "ilCMO.
mafjiiarii tiiiitatuni, iV' in ipsa est maxima ro|)ia()mniii victualium, puta, panis, \ini, risi, i-.rniu,
pisriu, iS:c. Omnes homines istius prouiiuix sunt artifices iS: mercatorcs, qui pro quacunq;
penuria, dumniodo proprijs manibu;^ iuuarc se possent per laborcs, nunquSiabaliquu elcemosynfi
pclerenl. \'iri istius prouincia; sunt satis lorniosi, sed pallidi, & rasas & pai'uas barbas ha-
bcntes ; fopiiiiih'c vcro sunt (lulclierriinac inter omnes dc nuindo. Prima ciuitasad quam veni
Ue ista India vocatur Ceuskalon, & distat I'i mari per vna dictam, positaq; est super llumcn, VciCeu
cuius a(|iia propi^ marc cui conti^iuiliir, ascendit siipcr terrain per I'i. dictas. Totiis populus
illius Indi.x' idolatrat. Ista aiilcm ciuilas faiitum naui^iu habel, ((iiod inrredibilc I'orct nisi
vidcnti. In hac ciuitate \idi quod.'i(X). libra; de bono i^; vcccnti zin/ibcro habentur pro mi-
nori quam |)ro vno j!;r(isso : liii sunt anscrcs jjrossiores & jjulthrinrcs, i*v; mains forii de illis,
quain sit in mundo, vl rredo, tV- sunt albissimi siriit lac, iV habent \ num os super caput <pian- iii unit .
lit;iiis (lui, »S; habet loltircin san/j;uiiicu, subj^iila liabcnt vna pellcin ])endenlein si'inipcdaicm: J'"".'''
Pinguissiini sunt, i;allinis, ipia: niafjnn; sunt vald6 in
ilia terra i)lus(|uam diia' de nostris. Ibi sunt scrpcntes inaximi, & capiuntur & i\ <;ente ilia
comediinlur: viide <pii liuerel I'estO solcmnc, iV- non darct serpetcs, iiiiiil ivpularct se facerc:
breiiiti;r in hac ciuitaic sunt omnia viclualia in maxima abiindantia. Indc traiisiui [ler ciiiitates
multas, iS: veni ad ciuiiati- nomine Kaitan, in (|ua frntros Minores Iiabcnt duo lora, ad qua? \m Zaitou.
porlaiii df ossibus fratrfi nosironiiii pro li<lo C'hristi iiiterlcctorum, do quihus supra. In hac
est copia omnium victualium pro lcuis-.iino foro, I-.ajc ciuilas ita tnasrna est, sicut bis Rimonia,
& in ea inulta monasteria rcli^iosoruni, (|iii omnes iviolis scruiut. In vno autcm isioru nio-
iiasti'riorum e;j:o fui, ?t dicliiin est itiilii <|ii(Vl incrant .'((KM). i-cli!;iosoniin liabcntiii IKMK).
idoinriini, & \iuiin illiiruir, qiind (piasi pariiii inter c.iicra iiiilii \ idcbatiir, est ita niasjnfi sicut
('lirisi(ij)hi'rus noster. Isti ifli^i(i>i oinni ilie pactini Decs sii()>. viide seinci iui ail videndu
ciuiicsiionein illam, & vidi quod ilia qua' diiiiiiiimt sii)i c( mcstiiiilia sunt. & calidissima, &
muliu luiniijaiia, iia quod ruiniis asri'iulit ad idoj.i, .'v dixeriit Dcos illo I'uino recrcari. Totunj
auic cibum ilii reportaueriit I'i coinedevut, &: sic dc Imno lantu Dcos sues pauerunt.

Dc {'iiiilalc Fuko.

Vl.ira versus Orientcm veni .ad cluil iicm qu.c \cicatur Vukn, ruius circuitus cfitinet 30. vd Fo<)„icu
mini iria, in ipia sunt Calli maximi & pulciiciriiiii, \- ^'aliiiia' omnes ita aliiic sicut nix, lanam
(Kilum |)ro pcnnis liabentcs sjciii peciidcs. Il.n i iiiilas pulchcrrima est, \: sita supra marc.
Villa iui jicr IH. dictas. fi pcrtraMsij multas terras iV i iiiit.ites, & in transitu veni ad ipicndam
monicin inagmmi, i\ vidi t|ui>J in vno latere nKniiis iMuiia animalia erant iiij;ra vt carho, <.V
homines >ic mulicrcs diucr«um mcduin viuciuli li.'!)ciii ; :ib alio autcm latere omnia animalia
craiit alba sicut nix, & lioaiincs loialiici iliiier i' alKilijs vixeruut. Ibi omnes fn'min;c i\i\x
sunt dcs|)onsata; |)ortaiit in si,;i,um quod hdient marilcs \iium majiiium barilc de cornu in
capiic. Indc transmi jkt IS. dictas .dias, ^ veni ad qiiodda ma};nuiii (lumen, iV- intraui ci-M,,gnum
uilalcm vni, qiuc tiaii«ucrsu u illius (luminn liabet pontem iv.axiinfi, i*v: hospitabarin domo ""'""'■ .
vnius hospitarij, qui volcns milii coinpla.-crc, dixit mihi: si veils \iderc piscari, veni mecum;
iS: duxil nic super ponfcin. <V vidi in bnuiiij. >uis mcrnos liijatos su[)cr iiertiias, ad quorum
uula vbi ille ligauit viuliliiii!, lie ilii cnpicntcs pi^cl.s, comedcrcnt cos: Postca in brachio
vnoposuii .'{. cisias m,i!;iias >S>; tunc dissoluit merinos dc pcrtiiis, qui statim in aqua intraiic-

runt.

■f

(

1 1

■> I

15t

AlitiCinuli

VOYACJKS, NAUIGATIONS.

Odurkui.

PjrlksioriiM

Chilciito.

Th.1.7.

Kikam.

V\ ,

runt, 8c pieces cepenint, & cistas illas rcplciiprimt in pariia bora, quibiis rcpIctJH vir ilte di<».
Aoliiit (ib A tollirt eoiu, & ipsi reintraiitis fluincM hc tic pimibuH rcrrciuicrDt, & recrcati ad
pcrtiraiircdierunt, & sc liK'ari situt priiis pcrmisiTiir.l; Kj-" •'''.'''' ''^ '"'". P'''^"''""' comodt, &
opiimi milii vidcbatiir. Indc transii-iw pi-r niultn-. di( ta'* veiii ad viift ciiiitntpm (|uro vocatur
• Kanasia, quic sonar in lingua nostra liiiitas c<i li : Niinquam ila magna ciuilaicm vidi, Cir-
ciiilus cnim ejus toiinet 100. miliaria, iiec in ta vidi spaliu quin 1k-ii6 inhal)itarctui-; Inio
vidi multas doimii habentcs 10. vol I'i. solaria vnu mipra aliud : iia-c habcl Mibiirbia maxima
conlincntia maiorC- populum quam iim riiiilat coiitiniMt. 12. p.,rt.n habct printipalcM, & in
viadc qualilu't illarii portarum ad 8. milliaria Kunt ciuitatci r..rt6 maiorcs vf .xstinid, quim
est ciiiiias Vciu-liarii, & I'adua. ILcc ciuitassitacsi in aquis quw nempcr ntanf, & necfliiunt,
ncc rrllininl, vallum tame liabet propter vcntum Hicut ciuila^ Vi-nrtiiiriim. In ca sunt plim
decern mille & 'i. poiitiuni, quorum nuillos numcraui & transiui, & in qiolibct ponle stant
custodcM ciuilatii continue (MMtodienles riuitatcm promagiio Cane imperatorc (^atai. Vnum
inandalum diiunt gentcs iliius ciuitatijt a domino hc rcrcpis^e. Nam quiiibct ignis soluit
vnu bali^, i. b. cartas bombici-t, qui vnum llorenQ cum diinidin valtiit, \ 10. vcl 1'.*. supel-
Icctik's faticnl vnum igncm, & nit- pro vno igne soiuent. Isfi italics sunt bciii? 8ii. '"human,
eum alijs 4. Saraccnorum qux faciunt 89. Thnma vcr6 vnum lUcein tnilia ignium facii, rc-
liqui aiilcm dc pojiulo tiuilaiis sunt alij Chrisliani, alij nuTcalorcs, A: alij transcuntes per
tcrram, vndi; maxiiui? fiii miraius quo modo tot corjjora liominii potcr.int simul hahiiarc : In
ea est maxima copia victualium, *u.. panis & vini, & carnium dc popjo priecipu^ cum alij*
ntccssarijs.

De monastcrio vbi stunt multa animalia diucrsa in quodam ntiintc.

IN ilia ciuilale 4. fratrcs nostri conucrti-rant vmun pofcntcm ad fidC Christi, in cuius ho<.
pitio continue liabilaba, dum fiii iiii, cpii scmiM dixit inihi, Ara, i. paler, vis tu venire & vi-
dereciuitalcin i.st.a: & dixiqiiudsic, & a>ccndimus vn,\ barcliam, h iuiinus ad vnu ninnasicriuin
maximu, dc ijuo v<irauit vnu rciigiisum sibi notu, & dixit sibi dc nir. Nie Halian rrfuus, i,
religiosiis vcnil dc indt; vbi sol occidil, & nunc vailii Cambaleih, \i dc|'rccclur vitii pro niagnu
Cane, 8c idco n.-.|cndas sibi aliijuid. quo I si rcurr'alur ad coniralas ..ua- pos-.if rdcirc <jiiOkl
tale (juid nouu vidi in (\in.i.sia ( iuitalc ; tunc Miinp'-it itle reiigiosus iluns ma-tcilos magii>i!t
replctos rcliquijs t|Mif supercrant dc uiciis.i, 4c duxit nic ad vna jicn lu-ain paniain, quam
.ipcruit cum clauc, & aparuii \irjdarium gratiostnn & magna in quod iritr.uiiniU'', & in iliovi-
ridario stai vnu* monlicidus si( iit mui campanile, rcplelus anicrnis luibis \ arboribiis, \'
dum sfarcmus ibi, ipse siiin|)'it cvmbalu, I'v iiucrpil pcrcufcre ipxim sicut pertuiirur quand6
monaclii intrant rcfecioriii, ad < uiut sonita nuilta animalia diucr-a dcsccndcrunt dc monte
illo, aliqu.i \t simi.r, aliqua viC'aii, Mayn laics, iV alupia facicin lumiinis h.thcniia, A: dutn
sic starem congrcgaucruni sc ( irca ip-um, 40(X). dc iilis aniinalibu't, <V sc in ordinibus (il-
locaucrimt, coran) quibus posu'.l [•.ar(ii)«idcin I'C' dabal cis cumedcrc, h. cum i (wnrdisscri
iterum cymbahnn pcriusMt, t*t omnia ad loca propria reilicrunt. 'I'linc adniiiaiu-- inquisiui
(|ua- cssent animalia isia? P.t rcspoiulii niilii (piod sunt animx nobiliuin virorii, (pias nos hie
p.iscimus amorc Dei, (pii re;;ii urijr, t^: si(ut vnus homo fuit nobiiis, ila aiiima cius p.^t mor-
tem in Corpus nobilis aninialis inlrat, .\ni'i ic vcro->im|)liiiii ^ rusiiccru, corpora viliuin ani-
malia intrant. Incorpi ist,'! abiisioi.c iiiiprobarc, scd inlul valuitsibi, no cnim |iottTat crtdcrc,
quod alicpia anima |)ossct sine cnrpurc Uiancrc. Indi^ transniiad quandam ciuilatem noniint
C'hilcnso, ( uius muri per 40. milliaria circucrunt. In i->ta ciuilale sunt 3(>0. i>ontc.'i lapidii
pulcliriorcs quim vnquam vidcriin, i!C bent' inliabitatur, \- nauigiu maximum habit, iV: eopii
omniuni victualiu, iV ali<.rum bonoru. Inilc iui ad (pirdda (lumen dictu Thalay, quod vbi oi
strii tills habet in latitudinc 7. milliaria, iV iilud flunicn per medium terra; Pygni.Torum transit,
quoruM) (iiuta'i vocatur Kakam, (pia- ite puUhrioribiis ciuilalibus intidiest. Isii Pignia-'i h.ibciii
longitudiiic Iriinn spansaruni mcarri, l^«: raeiunt maiora iVc mcliora gotoa, & bombicini quaia
alicpii liomines in mundo. Indi; per illud tlunu-n Iransiens, veni ad vnam ciuiiat£ I.in/ii, in
qua est vnus locus fr.itrum nostroru, iV sunt in ea trcs ccclfibiu! Neslorianorti : hxc ciuilas
nobilis est, & magna, tiabons in ite48. Thuman ignium, & in ca omnia victu.alia, & animalia

latij
d(
pail
loiJ

ill.l
iikJ

Odoricua,

Ictin vir nie din-
Si recrcati ud
ibiH comodi, 8c
c-in <|uiip vacatur
taicm vidi, Cir-
labiiarctui-; Imo
.iibiirljiu maximu
jriiuipalcH, & in
it icstinui, <|Uikin
lilt, & ncc fluunt,
In en sunt phi«
illbrt pontc stant
re V.jtM. Vniim
lilKt ignis s<)luit
10. vol U. Hupel-
cii{! 85. "human,
jiriiium facit, rc-
ij transcunlcs |ifr
iimil hahilari' : In
ineiipii^ cum alij*

iitc.

ri'<ti, in cuius ho<-
kls lu venire & \i-
,1 vnii uKinaslcnum
c H.ihan t'rin us, i.
lur vilii (ini uia«ii(i
i)s,it relet re <|iitKl
ina^ti'iidH nianiioi
am ]).iniain, (|uaMi
luimu-i, & in illoM-
bis vV arboiibiH, \'
t periuliiur qnanil6
endcrunl de mmiie
1 liabeiiliji, iV diiin
M- in ordinibus (< I-
St cum ci'medirtsdi
aihiilialu- inqui-iui
lirora, (juiw nos hit
nima eiiis p.)!.t ukt-
, corpora \ ilium aiii-
niin poteral credere,
ni eiultatem nomine
3(iO. pontci la|)iilii
nun> habit, ^ lopu
Thalay, quod \bi e>i
Pygm.TorumiraiiMi,
. isii I'i^inaei habeiit
& bonibicini quuin
lUl ciuilate lan/u, in
rianorii : h.xc ciuiia'.
riclualia, & anitnalu
in

Odorlruf. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOURniKS. 1 53

in maijna ropia, do quo Christian! viuunt : Dominun intius riuifafis solum dc sale habet in
reddillbuH 50. Thuman Balisi, & valet balisus vnuni florcnu cum dimidio : Iia quod vnum
Tluiman facit l.j. miliia (lorcnorum, vnfi tamen ffrnlinm larit dominus populo, quia dimittit
ei, ne sit carisiia in eo, 200. Thuman. Habet hnee ciuifas consuetudineni, quiid quando vnuH
viilt I'accre coniiiuium amicis suis, ad hoc sunt hospitia dcputata, & vbi illc circuit per hos-
pitc<, di(cns sil)i tales amiciw mens habebis, quos Testabw nomine meo, h tatum in festti
\olo expendcrc, & per ilium modum meliiis conuiuant amici in pluribuw hospitijs quam fa-
ccrent in vno. Per 10. milliaria ab ista ciuitatc in capitc (luminis Thalay est vna ciuitas vo-
cata .Montu, (pia; mains nauigium habet, «pii\m viderim in toto mundn; Et omnes naues ibiMomu.
sunt alb.-e siciii nix, & in ipsis aunt hospitia, & multa alia quic nulluii homo crederct nisi vi-
dcrcntur.

Dc ciuitate Cambaleth.

IN(I6 transiui per S. dictas per nndtas terras & ciuitatcs, & vcni tandem per aquamdulcem
ad qu.ldani cinitatem nomine Lcncyn, qua^ est posita super (lumen vocatum Caramoran, (luod Cwmo"*-
per mcdiiun Catai transit, & magnum damnum sibi infert, quando erumpit. Ind6 transicnsi
per (lumen versus Orientein per mullas diet.is & ciuilates, vcni ad vnam ciuifatem nomine
Siunacolo, quie mainrcm copiam habet dc serico, quiini aliqua ciuitas in mundo ; Quandn cnim
est maioi rarisiia Scriei, ibi 40. libne hnbenlur pro minori tpiiim pro 8. grossis. In ea est
copii omnium mercimoniori^i, iSc omnium victunlinm, panis, viiii, carnium, piscinm, & om-
nium specierum elcctarum, Indc Iransiui vei-sus Orienfem per multas ciuitatcs, & vcni ad
tllam nobilcm, & nominatam ("ambalcih quic est ciuitas mullnm antiqua, & est in prouincia '^""'"'"•
Catai, iV' ram cepenint Tartari : V.t iuxta earn ad diniidium niiliarc aliam cinitatem feccrunt,
qu:c vocniur Caido iV Ii.tc I'i. portas hal)rt, & semper inter vnam & aliam sunt duo miliaria,
tV medium inter illas citiitates bene inhabitatur, ita quod fariunt quasi vnam cinitatem; Kt
ambitus isiarumduarum t iuii.i'iim est plustpiam -10. nniliaria. In hac ciuitatc magnus impe- ^'"J«>"l"^
ratorCanis habet sedem suam piincipalem, & suum magnum palalium, cuius niuri ben6 4.
milliaria coiiiinent ; & infra illud p:ilatium sunt multa a!ii ])alalia dominorum de tamilia sua.
In palatioeliam illoest vnus mons |)ulcherrimus cositnsarboribus, prfipter cpind mons viridi.s
noininatur, &: in inontc palatium amocnissiinum in <|no cummnnitcr Canis residct : A latere
autem montis est viuis lacus magiius, supra (|ucm puns puU lierrinnis est (actus, \- in illo lacu
CM magna ccpia an>erum «.*(: ani:lum, iV timiiiinn auiinn a(|uaticarum ; & in silua montis copia
onniium auiiim & ferarum silucsirium, iV idea quando dominus Canis vult vcnari non oportct
eum exire palalium suiun. I'alalium vcro principale, in quo sedcs sua est, est magnum vald6,
ik habet interim 14. column.is, aurcas, & (Mines muricius cooperti sunt pellibus rubeis quia
dicunlur nobiliorcs pcllesde nuindn: Kt in medio palalij est vnapiLMia altiliidinis duorum
passuum, qiiii' Ida est de vno lapiile prctinsn ni^mine mcrdochas; & est lota eircuinligata au-
ro, & in (pinlibet aiigulo einse>i vnus serpens de auro qui verberalns (orlis.simt'' : Haljci cliam
h.TC jiignareli.i de inargaritis, \ per islam pigiiam dererlur potus per meatus & condiicius qui
in curia regis hal>eliir; & iuxta cam j)en(leni multa \,isa aurea cum tpiibiis volentes bibere
possunt. In hoc aiilem palaliosunt mulli pai:oiics (le:iuro; iv cum aliquis r.irl.inis facit fes-
tiim doiiiitiM suo, tunc ipiando ((iruiiiianles » .ijiidimt iinnus su s pne gaudio iV I.elicia, pauo-
nes emiltinit alas siias, & e\|)andunl caiidas, & videniur ivipudiare; Et hoc iredo faclii .irte
Nfagica, vci aliqua caulela subtcrranea.

De gloria magni Canis.

QVando autem magnus illc Imperator Canis in scde sua imperiali residcf, tunc a sinistro
latere scdet Uegina, & per vnum gradum infcrius duomulicres quas ip.se tenet prose; quan-
do nen poUNt ad lieginam accedere: In inlinui aiilt ni gradu resident omnes dominsp de sua
l)arenle!a. Oiniies aiiliin miilieres niipln- porlani Mijira caput suum \num pedcm hominis,
hingiiudiiiis viiius briidiij cum dimidio; & >ul)ler illun) pedeni sunt pcnna- grui.s, & toiws
ille pc-^ (.rnaliir ma\inii>; margariiis. A latcie \ei<) deMro ipsius Canis residct filius eius pri-

iii('!;einlii-
vol.. n.

post ipsimi, &

inleniis
X

ipso omnes cpii sunt dc banijuiiic rcgio: Ibi

ctiaat

154

V{)YA(ir.S, NAUKi.VnONS,

Odorliui.

' 1

cfiam "unt 4. wTiplorcn MnihontCH ••miiia verba qmc dicit Te\ ; Ante ciiiiH ron.nccfiim nunl
UaniiuMsiii, & nuilli alij noltilex cum niia Kciitc ma\ima, quorum nullum ;iii(lcl I(.c|iti iiiMi a
ilomino liccntia pclatur c-Mrptis hum & histrionilum, qui huuiii domiuum lonxolari InbrnI ;
lllirfiam nihil amlrnt lairrf, nii^i Hccumluiii qu(nl Dominiw voluerit ci^ li-fjrm imponrre
Ante portam palatij sum IJaroncH ruslmliente!*, ni- aliquis linu-ii porlw lanRal. i'iun uufem
ille Canis volucrit facerc ninuiuium, habet necum I4U()0. Haroni'* porlaMltx rin uiiw, fcco.
ronulas in capilc, & domino nuo Hcruicnies; Et (piilibel porlat \iiam vexleni ile auro & mar-
Xarilis rot quol valeni plutt quain deiic'* milliet llorenoruui. {'uria rius opiimc ordinalur
per denarioH, rentenarioi", & millenarion. & tuliter <pi6d (luilibcl in xuo online peraj,'it offi-
eium jtibi depiitaium, nee aliipiin deCeetus reperitu.-. Ej;o I'raier ()iloriiu>4 liii ihi per Ires
annoii, & inultotieiM in i'-lii I'esii't nuis lui, qui;\ nos t'rnlrcs iniiiores in xia iiiriii h:ibeniu>4 lo-
cum noliis deputatuni. & oportel nos semper ire, 8c dare sibi n<Htram lienedictionem : Kt
iniiuiHJui ab iliis de rurin, de nuinern illoriim <pii Hunt in curia dimiini, ^ rexpoiKUnint inilu
qucVI de hisirionilxii ^unl bene IS. 'riiiiman ; C'ust(Mle.H auten) ciinuin & be-tiiin'um, & nmuiii
Mint 15. Thiiman ; Me»li( i verA pro corpore Uejjis sunt 4()(). t'luifliani :iiitein S X; vnus S.ira-
ccnus. Kt e}{o quando fui ibi, hij omnes omnia neces-aria lam ;id xicMiin, qii;im ad vesiiiuni
habcbantde Curia doniini Canis Quando aute suit ecpiilande \na lirr.i ad aliain, Iial)et4
exeri'iUH ecjuitum, & vnus per vnam dietant ipsum ante( i-dii, secinuUis aliam, & lertius ni-
miliii'r. & i|uarlus; it.i (juod semper i])sc sc tenet in medio in niodum crui is; & ila omnes
exert iliis habent onines dietas suas ordinatas, (|uod iniieniunt omnia \ ictnalia p.irata sine dc-
feclu. Ilimiet atilem (ioiiiinns Canis per ilium modum \adit; Scdcl in currn iiiin duabus
rotis in quo lacla est puli heiiima >ella tola de li;;nis Aloe, & aiiroornata, h niarnariiis ma\-
imis, \ Inpiilibus preli<»'is; & 4. Elephanles ben^ onlinati duiunt isium cimtuim, cpios priv-
cedunt 4. e<|Ui alii-siiui opiiMie cooperti. luxla rurrum .\ laleribns xunt 4. Harones Icnentr-i
currum, ne aliquis approjiinipiet domino suo. Supra ciirrum scdcnt duo (icrfalcoiics albi>.
simi, \ dinn videt ain» (jiios \ult capere, dimiltit Falcone* vulare, iV (apiunt cas; Kt sic
habet solatium suum etpiitando, & per iactinn \nius lapidis nullus nudct appropincpiare ( iirriii
nisi popnhis a*si;;nalus; viide incrcdibile e^scl lioinini (pii non vidisscKJe nuniero j;eniis sun-,
iV re^itiie, \- priia";;enili sui. I>fiv Ooniinus Canis iinpeiium suum diui>.it in I'i. p.iries, \
\na hain't «ub «e 'J(M), maj;narum < iuilatum; \ndc ita latum \ Ionj;um est smun imperium,
(|uoil ad quatiKuiui; partem iret, satis Iwberes faccre in sex meusibus, excepiis insulis, i\\.m-
sunt bene b\M)0.

De hospiiijs parntis j)er totum imperium pro transeinitd)us.

ISte Dfiminiis, \{ innsi iintes habeant omnia noessaria sua per tottr.n suum imperium, IV-
lil hos|iitia |)ni'|)jran \l)i(|ui' |ier \ias; in qnii)us >unt omni.i paraia (pue ad uitualia jicrii-
ncnt : Cum aute^n aliqua nouitas oritur in in)|)erio suo, tunc si disiat, nmbassi,it(ircs super
e(pii>s vel ilri'iiicdarii)- lestinant, \ cum lassanlur in cursu, |)i Nant iiirnu, \' proximuin
hospitiinn |>arat Mium simililcr etpuim, qui quando alius \enit lessus aoipil liternm,& cur-
rit ad li'^|)itiiiiii, A: sic per h(i>piiia, & per diuersos cur-iores rumor per . 'JO. dietas, \no die
iiatiirah \rnit ad imjx ralon ni ; iV: idei) nihil jxinderis pdiisi licri ir) impcrio suo, quiu
-t.ili'ii >ii 'iir ah ii>. Cum aiitcm ip~f Canis \ult ire vciialiiin ; istiim modmn habet. KMra
CaniliaUlh ad 'iO. dietas, est \ na tore>ta ()Uie (i. dirias ( iinti:iet in ambitu ; in «pia sum tot
genera .i;iinialii;in iV auiuni qiKnl niiral)ile est dicere : Ad illiiil iicmus vadil in fine iriuiu an-
m rinii \i'l tjiiitucr cum tota fjcnte, luni <pia iji-utn ( in iiit, & c ai.f>< inirare pcniiiltit, (|i;i
a.'iuialia, scilidt leoncs, ceruos, \: alia animalia redncuiit.Ml \nam plaiiiticm puh hcniiiMni
in n.i'dio nenioris, (juia e\ < iamoribus canuin maxinii^ trenniiit omnes bestiic ?4vliiii'. 'I'liiu
ac<e(lit nia;;niis Cani-» super ties ('lc|iliantes \ U. sajjiit.ii ii.icit in totam niiiltitudincm .iiii-
lealium, iV po>t ip.sum <'nines Harcni's, ^S. |)oit ips<»alji de l.iinilia sua eniiltuiit '-a^iilla-^ "Un'i ;
iV iiiiine-- s.ii;i|i,c sunt ^i'.;nat,c ccrlis >i;;nis it diuer-is: 'Itinc xadit ad animalia interlccl;!,
diniitieri- \iu.i iicniui rcii.lr.ii.' \l alia- liabeat e< eis M'liatiiiniin suam, ^i cpiilibet illud ani-
mal liabcbi! in cuius (urpore inueuit sai>itiniii suam ({nam iaiicbal.

«!'
nic
h(i

di(
on
da
ii<
(.1

•>\i

Odorlciii.

in^pci-tiim «unt
let l(i(|iii um It
Mxolari h:ii)rnl ;
'(;rrn iinpnncrc.
[. (fun antcm

(ill llltM, & CO.

(U- aiiri) & iiiar>

)lime (inliiialtir

lie pcra^it odi-

t I'lii il)i per Ues

uria hal)cnui>t Iih

iicdiciidiH'm : Ki

|)iiii(lrriint iniin

lianiin, & aiiiiini

II S .S; vniis Sara-

]ii:ini ad vrslillim

1 aliain, lial)Ct4.

am, f{ Icriiii* xi-

< ii ; iV ila oiniUN

la pirata >\\\c <lf-

iirrii cum iliial)iK

^ iiiarnariiis ina\-

irniin, cpins pnr-

HaroiipH Iciif iitrs

(icrf.ilcoiii'H all)iN-

ipiiint fa>t; F.t fie

)ropiii(piaro curnii

umcro giMiti^ Mur,

^it in I'i. pirtcf, \

'•t siiiim iiiipt'riiiiM,

ccplis inxiilis, ({ua'

iiiiin impcnum, li-
• ad Ml tiialia prrii-
inibassiatorcH ••upiT
rim, \- |)rii\iimim
Ipil liicraiii, & ciu-
i(l. dii'tas, vno die

inipcriii sue, «iiiiii
dinn habi't. I'AIra
II : ill ipia sum tut
dit in (iiir irium an-
rare pcrmitlif, (jtii
iticiii piildurriniiim
still' svhiir. 'rmic

imdtitildinrni ,iiii-
lilluiit -a;;ilta--iiai;
iiiiimalia intiTlcti;!,
c (liiilil)Ct illud aiii-

Odoririii.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DlSCOUl'IiriiS.

He qiiatuor fcntii quan icnci in anno CaniH in curia.

<^Vatunr ma'na Te^ita in anno faril Dominu* Canis scilii <'t ItNtum nuliiiilatiN, fcntuin lir-

niinrii^ionis coronationi'', & drHponnatioMiH una! ; & nd iita I'tNia i omuicat oiniics JJaront-n,

iV liistrioniN, & (ininos do pari-ntcla Hua. Tiiiir domino Cane in fiiin thriuii) si-dcnfo, acco-

diiMl HaroiuN nun ( in iilin & ((iroiiiH in capitc, \csliti vario modo, quia aliipii do viridi, Hci-

liict priiiii, spiimdi dc »aiij{iiinco, & toriij do rrorco, & eononi in maniluii vnam tabiilam

• liurncain do dentil), is lilophantuni, & cingunlur (innuliH auroi* vno Homissi- latin, & Ktant

jiodiliut Hiloiiiium tonoiiK'M. Cirra illiw -taiit histrioncst cum niii:, iiiHlrumoiiti* : In vno autoin

aii'^ulo cuiiisd I iiiajjni palatij roHidcnt Philoxoplii omncs* ad ccrlas lioran, & piinriu atloiidoiitos ,

& ci'ini (loiioiiitiir ad ]iiinrtii 6c Iioram pctilam ;\ pliil(wo|)liii, vniis pru'ci. ( lamat valoiitt'T Iri-

cliiu'iis voM omiu's iinporalori voiro : tiinr oinnoH IJaronos cadiint ad tiTr.ini; St ileriim cla-

niar, Siir;;iio oiniiCH, ^: illi statiin siirKunt' licrum PiiiiixKiphi ad aliiiil piiiirtiiiM altoiidiiiit,

& 111111 poriioMliiin I'lirrit, i torn in prion > claiiiat; poiiilo diKiluin in aiironi, & sijiim dirit,

ovlraliiio i|)ouni ; itoruin ad aliiid piiticliiin I'lainat, liuratato I'arinain: & iiiulta alia faoiiiMl,

«|iia! omnia diciint rortam <ii;;iiiliratioiio liahero, qua- Hcrihc'rc ludiii, iico ctnaiii, (|uia vaiia

Mint & ri^i di;;na. Ciini auffiii poriiciitii fiiorit ad horam hitlrioiuim, luno I'liilosoplii diciinf,

I'acito lootiiin diMiiiiiK, & iiiuiios pui->uiil iiisiriimcnla sua, \ laciiint niaxiiiium soiiilum ; &

Ktatiiii alius tiainat ; Taroant nnincN, 8c oninos lacont : Tunc arcodunt liislrionalricos anto do-

iniiiiiiii diilciii'T ini>(liilanti'<<, quod milii plus piarnil. 'I'liiic vcnium Iconos, & rariiiiit ro-

urroMliain doniiiio Ciiii ; lit rune histrionos f'aciuni oiplioi aureus plonos vino \olaro |)or

DoriMi, \' ail ora homiiiiiin so a[>piicarr \t hibaiit. llii'i- iV- iiiiilia alia miraliilia in curia iN

liiiH Caiiis villi, qiiir nitlliis (Todorrt nisi \idorol ; iK: idoo diiniito oa. Do alio mir.diili au-

diiiiA lido diu'iiis, ipiod in vno ro<;ni> istiusCanis in cpio sum ninnlos Kapsci (& dicitur illud

ro;;nuiii K.ilorj iiasciiiuiir pcp<ino-< ina\imi, «pii iiuando >um iiialuri aporiunlur, & indVs iiw

iioniliir \ iia liosiiiija hiinilis Mii agnollo : hicut audiiii qu(\d in niari Ilvhcrnicn !itant arbori-s

supra ri|)aiii iiiaiis iV portant friicium sicut O'isciit cucurbiia-, (pi.-o oerto tempore cadunt in

aifuain iS: (iuiit auO'< vocatx Ik'ruaixlos, iV' illud est voruni.

I)c diucmii l'rt>uiiuiJ!i cV ciuitatibiis.

DK isto imperil) Katay rocossi post trr< annos, & transiui .')0. diclas versus OcridentS ; &
tandom soni ad torrain I'loloiroani, cuius i iiiilas principalis kosaii vocalur, (pi.T muha:^ ha-
bol sub so ciiiilates. \'llra per mullah diotas iui, & poruoiii ad vnam prouinciam vocatam
Kasaii ; vV liiic est secunda melior prouincia muiidi, vt tlicitur, & est optimi"- habitafa : Sic Cum.
quod quaiido exidir .\ porta vnius ciuitaiis, \idomiir porta; allorius ciiiitatis, sicut ej;omot
villi do iiuiiiis I.aliiudo I'rouincix' est .»(), diotarum, iSJ lonj-iiuilo |)Iii«qiiam (U). In ea est
maxima copia omnium victualium, iS: ma\im6 ca-laiieormn ; & hac est vna de 12. prouini ijs
mai-ni Canis. Vltra voni ad vnum rouniim vocatiim Tibok quod osl siibioi tum Caiii, in quo rib«rf,.nii,«
«t maior copia paiii-; & vini, (|uaiii sit in toto mundo \t credo. Gons illius lerr.x- iiior.itiir Trbn r.uiiini.
communitcr in lont.injs faclis ox Icltris ni>;ris : Principalis ciuifas sua imirata est pulclierrim^ "" ■*' '*"'"'"'•
ex lapidibus albissimis, 8c nij,'errimis intorcscaiaritor dispositis ifvr curiosi> compositis, A: oin-
nes viic ejus optimc paualio. In ista cmitrata nullus aiidot oflundcrc sant;uiiicm hominis, ner
alicuius animalis, ob reuorcntiam vnius Idoli. In i^ia ciuitato jnoratur Ab.i^^i i. Pa|)a eorum,
qui est caput 8c princops omnium IdoLitrarum ; iiuihus dat iV distribuit bonolicia scnmdum
inorcm eorum ; nitut iiosior I'apa Konianiis est caput omnium Cliristiaiionim. rirmina- in
hoc roKno poriant plus(|uam contuin tricas, & liabont duos doiito* in ore ila lon;;os sicut apri.
Qiiando otiam pater alicuius moritur, tunc filius conuocat omncs sacordotcs vS( liistriones, iV
dicit so vcllc patrem siiiim honor.ire, 8c fatit oiim ad ranipum duci scquoiitibus parentibus
omnibus, amicis, »i \icinis, vbi sarcrdotes cum m.iirna ^oloninitate am|)utant caput suum,
dames illud filio suo, & tunc totum corpus in Inista concidinif, 8c ibi dimitlunt, cum oia-
tionibiis cum eorcdountes; Tunc\onium vultures, do inoiito assuolacti ad luiiiisinodi, \;
larnes omiios .-isportani : Kt ox tunc eurrit lama do oo (|iiod saiietus ost, quia an<,'cH domini u.d.„. tu.ton,
ipsum portant in paradisum ; Kt iste est maximus hoimi-, iiucin rcputat filius posse tieri pair! J' todcm lo,,,.

\- .J ' ' ' lo >pud Ouil.il.

•^ "• "iUO muiJcRulTi..p

1 ^I

li ,'' t

■^^,

f\>'\ h

y'l

I 1 ■ -I

I '

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricits.

suo mortuo : Tunc filius sumit caput pntris, & roqiiif ijisiim, & comcdit, <lc testa ciiw faciciis
ciphiim in quo ipse cum omnibus de domo & ro<;iialione cius bibunt cum solcinnitatc & lic-
titia in mcmoriam patris comesti. Et mulla vilia & abominabilia facit gens ilia qua; non
scribo, quia non valent, nee homines rrcdercnt nisi vidcrent.

De diuitc qui pascitur a 50. Virginibus.

DVni fui in prouincia Manzi transiui iuxia palatium viiius hominis populari>', qui Iiabuit
*)0. domicellas virginen sibi rontinut! niinistrantes, in omnibus pasccntes cum sicut auis aui-
culas, & habci semper 5. fcrcula tripliiala; & quando pascunt cum, continue cantant dul-
cissimt : Istc habct in rcdditibus Tagaris risi 'M. Thutnan, (pioru quodlibet decies millics
facit : vnfi autem Tagar pondus est asini. Palatiimi suiun duo miliaria tenet iii ambitu ;
cuius pauimcnlum semper viuun latercin habct aureum, aliinn argcntcum : luxIa ambitum
istius palatij est \r.us iiiouticuhis artiticialis de auro & argento, super (pio stant .Miinasicri:i.
& campanilia, Sc alia (Iclcctabilia pro solaiio illius p()|Milaris ; r,t dictum Cult niii>i, qutkl qua-
tuor tales homines sunt iu regno illo. N()l)ilitas viroruin est h)ngos habere \ugucs iu digitis
Muiiftum i<an,i pnecipiii! poilic is (|uibus cirrueuiit sil)i manus; Nobiliias autem & pulchritiido niulierum est
'*''"• paruos iialjcre pedes : Kt ideo niatres quando (ilia; snar sinii lenellic liuant pedes e;. rum, Si

non dimitiunt crcscere. Vltra transiens versus meridiem applicui ad i|iiaiul.iin contralani,
M.uitoriic. <|uie vocalur Milesinrite, tpia- ])ukhra est valil6 & I'eriilis; F.t in ista totrata erat \nus vocaiii-
Sei' xde nionte, ipii inter duos monte- fecerat sibi \ninn murum circuiueunlem istos monies.
1 . istum munnn erant lontcs jiuicherrimi de inundo; l!t iuxla tontes eraiit puk-l.t-rrima'
\ ^ines in maximo numero. & ecpii iiulriicrrimi, & oiiine illud quod ad siiauitatem, & dc-
lei'laiioiiem e(ir|)oris fieri polerit, tSc ideo ilium hicum vocant homines illius contrata' I'aradi-
sum. Iste «enex (('im viderit alupie iiiuenem formosiim & robustimi, po^uit eum in illo pa-
radiso ; I'er (pio-^dam autem coiuiuitus descendere facit viiuim & lac abuiulanter. Isic Scncx
cum .ohterit se vindicare, vcl interlicere regem aliquem vcl l>aronem, dicii illi qui pnccrai
illi paradiso vt alicjuem de noli- illius regis, \e! Jlaronis introduceret iu paradisum illuu), &
ilium deli( ijs I'nii pcrmiiicirl. & tunc daret sibi poiionem \nam, quie ipsum sopiebat in lan-
tuMi, (juud iii-eii«ilillerii rcddca'I, & ip>um sii- dormientem la<erct extra paradistnn deixii-
tari : qui excit'!" \ >c ixtra paradi-um cons|)iciens, in tanta iristilia posilus foret, (jiiod lu-
ciret <iui(l facerct : li,..'. .■.! •!!'un senem iret, rogans eum, vt iieriim in paradi>um intrndn-
cerelur; (pii sibi diiit, tu illi<' introduci non poleris, nisi talem vil talem interlicias; & ^\w
iiiterleceris, sine non, rcp(.n;nn le in paradiso, iV ibidem poleris semper manere ; Tunc illc
sic facerct, \ oiiincs -cni odiosos inlcrliccrct ; tt ide6 omnes reges orienlale.- ilium senim
limucrunt. i\ sibi l.ibuiuni magnum dedenint.

De morte Senis de montc.

CVm «itcm Tari.iri niagnam partem minuli cepisseni, venerunt ad i>tum .Senem, & d. -

mininni illiiw l'an\di>i ah co abNlulerunt, qui multos sicarios de I'aradiso illo cn\isit, & nnh-

liores rariarnrinu mierlu i fecii. Tartari autem hoc videnles ciuilatem, in cpia crat seiicv

obscderunl, eum ce|)ernnl. & pessinia morle interfecerunl. Hanc graliam habent fraiii>

ibidini, (juud citi'.-.ime per virlulcm nominis ("hrisli lesu, iV invirlnle illius >ai)guinis pii-

liiwi, qiicm cirndit in iruce pro >ahile generis humani, dicmonia ab ol)st'ssis corporibus t\-

pelluiil ; V.t (piia niulli ihiilcm -unl obsessi, (hicuntiir |)ei' decern diclas ad fralres lif^ali, ijui

lilx'ati >talim ircdunt in ("hri-lum, (|ui liberauit cos lial)cnlcs ip<.iim pro Deo suo, \; hajili-

/aii ••unl, \ idola sua, iV pecorum suorinn sialim dant I'r.iiribus, quai >unl comniiinitcr <!(

Iciliii, iV de (rinil)us niulierum : iS: fratres ignem in communi lo( o fac iiuil ad <|ucm populii^

I (influit, M \ideat Deos xicinorum snorum (oniburi, ilv. fralres coram popuio Kloia iu i^iuni

proijciui;! ; IU prima vice de igue cvicruni ; finic fratrcs ignem cum acj.ia bi'nedicta < m;-

sperseruiit, & itcrum Idola in ignem proiecernni, tSc d.emones in elfigie fuini nigcrrimi fiim'-

runl, iSc Idola rcnianscruiil, \: conibu-ta sunt. I'osli a audilur clanuT per aen m iali», \iiic.

vide, (pio nindd de habiialiolie mi'a expulsus sum. T.t per > turn modum fralres maxiiiiatii

multiludinem liapiizant, <)ui ciio rccidiuam ad idola pecorum • qui fratres teiitiiuio (|ua>i

stent

III
ei
d(

(;

m
lai
re
V,

dl;

Odoricm,

sfa ciiis faciciw
k'ninitatc & lii--
s ilia quijc nun

arir!, qui liabuit
n sicut auis aui-
uie cantant cUil-
ct <lecics miliics
cnrt in ambitii ;

Iiixta ambitum
itant Mi>nasicrla,

luilii, qiukl qna-

niiiic«i in (li^iti-:,
nil) MiiiliiTiun ist

pi'ilc-s ci.runi, £>:
iiuLini contratani,

vrM \niw votaiiN
iK'in istos nmnto.
rant pulc'.crrima-
iiaiiitati'in, & <K'-
■i iiintijtii' I'aracli-
it rum in il!o pa-
lanliT. Isti Si'ni'x
it iili qui pr.'ctrat
iradi^uni iiliun. !>:
nn s()pifl)at in tan-
I paradisuin <li"p<ii-
ii>i fdri'i, tpu'iil lu^-
paraili>uni iiitrndii-
intcrlit ia-i ; & <iiu-
maiuTO ; Tunc ilk-
■ntalc^ ilium sfnuii

ifiim Sonem, & il -
illd i'n\i>it, & ni'l'.-
\, in (|Ua crat sciun
liani habi'iit IVairi*

illius san>;iiinis pi\-
iissis lorporlbu.i o\-
ail I'ratn-s linali, qui
o l)c(i sun, iV baMl;-
>unl cdnnuMiiitcr ilr
nit ad (lucin i)ii|)ulii»
ii|)ulii Idola in j;iui!i
ai).ia lu'iifdicta < m-

luMii ni^tniini lus;!-

)er at-riin talis, vide.

uin IratrcN ina\inia!i\

atrcs ti'iitiiuii) <liw>i

stent

Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

stent cum illis, & illos ini'.)nnciit. Aliud terribile fuit quod ego vidi ibi. Nam cilm irem
per vnain vallcm, quas sita est iuxia (luuiinn deliciaruin, niiilta corpora niortua vidi, cSc in ilia
valle audiui sonos iniisiciis dulces & diiicrsos, & maximi; dc cytharis, vnd^ niultiini tinnii.
Iter vallis liabet ]on;;itiidincm scptcm, vcl octo iniiliariiiin ad plus, in quam si quis intrat,
in<)rit;ir, & nunquani viuus potest transire per medium iliius vallis, &. ide6 omnes de con-
trata declinant a latere : Et tcntatii-i eram intrarc, & viderc, quid hoc esset. Tandem orans &
Don mc rccommendans, & crnce sigiians, iu nomine lesu intraui, & vidi tot corpora mortiia ibi,
(Miod nulius credcrct nisi viilcrct. In Ivic valle ab vno cius latere, in vno saxo viiam facicm ho-
minis vidi, qua; ita terribilitt-r me rcspexit, qu6d omninocredidi ibi fuisse mortuus: Sed sem-
per hoc verbinn (verbum caro factum est & habitauit in nobis) protuli, & cruceme signaui,
ncc propiiis quani per 7. passus, vel 8. acccdere capiti ausus fui: lui autem fu^iens ad aliud
caput vallis, & super vniun monticulum arcnosuni ascendi, in quo vndique circumspiciens ni-
hil vidi nisi cviharas illas, quas per se (vt milii videbatur) pulsari & resoiiarc mirabilitcr au-
diui. Cum verolui in cacumine niontis, inucni ibi ar!>entuni in maxima quantitate, quasi fiiis-
senl squama" pisciinn. Congrcs>ans autcin inde in gremio ineo pro mirabili ostendendo, sed duc-
tus lonscieiitia, in tcrram jiroieci, nihil mecum rcscruans, & sic per gratiam Dei liber exiui.
Cinn autem homines iliius contratic sciucrunt me viuum cxissc, reuerebantur mc multum, di-
tciilcs mc bapli/atuin & sanctum : iS.: corpora ilia i'uisse dacmonum infcrnalimn qui pulsant
cytharas vt humiiies alliciant intrarc, & interficiant. llxc de visis certudinalitcr ego Prater
Odoricus hie insiripsi; & nuilta mirabilia oniisi ponere, quia homines non credidissent niiii
vidissent.

De honore & reuerentia factis Domino Cani.

VNinn tanliim rcfcrnm dc magno ("aiie quod \idi. Consnetudo est in partibus illis quod
quaiulo pra'dictus dmninus ])cr aliquam contratani transit, homines ante ostia sua acccndunt
igncni iV apponunt aroiiiata, ar I'ai iunt I'umum, \t domintis transieiis suauoni scniiat oilorem,
iV inulli (ihuiani sibi \;uliint. Duin ;niteni si'iuel \eniicl in Canibclcth, c^ lama vnd'.<uiedi-
inilg.iri'tur do suo adiicntu, xnusnostcr F.piscopus, iV ali<(ui nnstri minorcs IVairc>; & ego
iuiiniis (ibuiam >-il)i licni' per duas diitas : Ki duin a|)pnppinquarcimw ad cum. ])()suinuis rni-
ccin super lignum, <V ego habcliani mcrum in nuniu tluirii)uluni, & iiucpimus cantare alia
\<j(i' diientes : Veni ire.itor -pirifus : lit dnm sir I'.nitarenuis audiuit voces nostras leciiquc
nils vocari, ac iussit iios ad cinn arcodcrf ; cum \i -ujira dictuiii est, niilhis audeat appropin-
quare cinTui suo ad iactiim lapidis, nisi voratus. cxceptis ijlis (|ui curruin custodiunr. Et
iluiii iuissemu-iad cum, ip-i..- deposiiit galerum suum, sine capellii incstimabilis quasi valoris,
\- I'ei it reuerentiam Ciuci ; & staiiui incensum puvui in thin-ibido ; Episcopus noster acie-
pit liiuribulum. & ihurilicauit einn; ac sii)i ])r,i'iliclus I''pisco|)us dcdit benedictionem suam.
All cdentes vero ad pr;idictinn dominum, semper sibi aliquid (^(^crendlml dcferunt ; sciinn
iiiam anticiuam legem obseniantcs; Nun a|)|):irel)is in loiispcctu meo \acinis; Idcirco porta-
uinuis nibisruni poiiia. iV ca sibi sii|)ersnum inciM>rium reuercnter obtulimus ; iS: ipse duo
acn-pit, iSc dc vm ali(|uaiitiilum cumcdii: l"i lime fecit nobi- sigiiinn <|uikI reccileremus, ne
e(|ui venicntes in alicjuo nos otli'iider. ni ; statinu|iR' al) co ilisccssimus, alque diiicrtinuis, iS;
iuiinus ad alii|ii(H liarniics per fratris nnstri ordinis ad (iilcin coiiuersos, (pii in excrcilu eiiis
cram, \ eis obtulinnH de pomis piadiilis, qui cum iiia\iino gaudio ip-a accipientcs ita vi-
dcbantur felari, ac si ]>r ebuisscmus eis familiarilcr magnuni mtiniis. Ila-c pra-dicta fratcr
{juili'lnuis de Solaiigna in srriptis rcdcgit, sicui j)ra'ilirlus fraler Odnricus ore tcniis expri-
uubat. Anno Domini l.'J.'iO. meiise Maij in loco Saiicii Ant.mij dc I'adua; Nee curauit de
latiiiii ilillicili, & still! orialo ; Sed sicut ipse narrabat ad hoc vt homines faciliiis iiilelligc-
rent ipi.e diruntiir. Eg) iialer Odorit us de I'oro iulij de quad.nn terra quse dicilur Tortus
Valuiiiis lie i.riiine minorum tesiilicor, S; testimonium |)crhil)ei> reucrendo patri (Juidnto nii-
nistrii pnniini'i;" Sam (i Antonij in M;iri hia friiNNaiia, cum ab eo I'ucrim per obedieniiam re-
c|iiisiius, (pio:! Ii.i'c rmiiii <|iia- siipcrius scripla sunt, aut proprijs m ulis ego \ idi, aut a liiie
dignis ai 'liui : ('oniinimis iiiani lu(|iiulio illaium terrarum iila <iu;e nee vidi testatur esse;
Multa eiiain alia igo dimi^isscin, nisi ilia proprijs oculis conspcxissem. Ego autcin de die

157

• «

fU\

■/.'

' > ft

I r'

ii'.! ,ii!i

^MKf

■/■■I

■'•I

. I

'■■Wi

158

Pcrj.

Thrtiticnf
Ai4r<ni III Ar-
mtti-.t n:iioT.

SoLiiiiulo.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricm.

in diem me propono contratas sen terras acccdere, in r'libus mori, & viuerc me dispone, si
placuerit Deo meo.

De moric fratris Oilorici.

ANno igitur Domini 1331. disponentcsc jiraedicto fratre OJoricoad perficiendum iter sua;
pcrcgrinationis, prout mente concepcrat, & ctiam vt via & labor csset sibi magis ad mcriium,
dccrcuit primo prxsentiam adire Domini & patris omnium summi Pontiticis Domini Ioanni.<i
PaptB^S. cuius benedictione obedienti.ique recepta cum socictatc fratrum sccum ire volenti-
um ad partes infidelium se fransferret: Ciimque sic cundo versus summum Pontificem. non
nniltum distaret a ciuilate Pisana, in quiidam via occurrit sil i <iiiidani sciiex in habiin pere-
grini eumsalutans ex nomine, Aue (inquiens) Inter Odorire: Kt ciim IVaterquOBrcret quo mo-
do ipsius habcrct noiitiam? Kespondit, Duin I'ras m India noni te, tuumque noui sanctum pro-
positum; Scd & fu modo ad conuentum vnd^ veui-ili icMcrtcrt\ quia die scquenii decimo ex
hoc mundo migrabis. Verbis igitur senis attoiiitiis & siuiidarius, j)rirscrli!n cum Senex iile
statim post dictum ab eius as|)ectu disparuil; reuerii dccreuil; Kt rciiersus est in bona prospe-
ritafe luiliam sentions grauedinem corporis, sen aliqiiam infirmitattm ; C'l'inuiuc essel incon-
uentn suoN'tincnsi. N. in prouincia Padnana decimo die, prout facii sibi (uit rcuelatio, acccp-
fa conimuiiiono, ipsocpie ad Deum disjxiuenie, efiam corporc existcns inculumis in Domino
focIiciti;r rc(iuicuil: Cuius sacer obilus Domino summo Ponlilici pra-fato sub munu Notarij
piiblici transniiititur; qui sic scribif.

Anno Domini \'.i'A\. decima quarta die mcnsis lanunrij obijt in Ciiristo Realus Odoririis
ordinis I'ratnim Minnrum, cuius prccibus omnipotcns Deus miilla. &- vnria miracula demon-
strauil; qua? ego (Jiietchis nolariui communis Vtiiii, liiius domini Damiani de porlu Giuarif),
de mandatd & voluiil.itc n(ii)iiis viri Domini Conradi de Hiiardigio (.'astaldioni«, & consilij
Vtini, srrip«i, sicut potui. bona tide, & fratribus Miiioiibus exemplum dedi; sed non de om-
nibus, quia sunt innumerabilia, & milii diflficilia ad scribcndnm

Here l)ci;innrlli the iournall of Frier Odoricus, one of the order of llie Minorites,
coiuerniog strange tilings wiiicli hee sawe among the Tarlars ofthe Last.

ALbeil many and sundry things are reported l)y diners aiitbors concerning the fashions and
conditions <>l this world: notwiilwtanding I frier Odoriiiis of Triiili, de porlu Vahonis beiii;: de-
sirous to trauel vnin ilie foreign ;'.nd remote rKisi.ins of intidels, sawe and heard great and niir.i-
culous things, whi( li I am alilc tiiiely to auoi It. Fir>t ornl therefore sav ling from Pera by Von-
staniifKipIc, I arriucd at Trapesunda. This place is riglu ( (immodiously situate, as i)eing an
lianen Icr the Persians and Mcdes, ami other conntreisbevondc the sea. In Ihishndel behelJc
with great dclii^ht a verv strange -pec tacle, namelv a ( ertaiiie man leading about with him
more then I'oure thoiisaiide p.itiriges. The man tiimselle walked vpon the ground, and tlir
j)artriges (lew in the aire, which he leclJe vnto a certaine casiie called Zauena, being three
da\ es ioiirney distant from Trape>.unil:i. The s;nde partriges were so lame, tlui! when the man
was desirous to lie downe and rc-<t, ihiy woidd all come flocking nbout him like chic ken'',
And so hee led them \ nto Trape-iiiida, ai;d vnto the palace ofthe Knipenur, who tooke as ma-
ny (it thetn as he pleased, .iml the rest the saide man carried vnto thi' place from uiiencelip
came. In this titie i.j'th llic l>odv of .Xtlianasius, vjjon the gate ofthe ( itic. And then 1 pa^srd
on further vnio Armenia in.iior, to aicriaine citie called A/aron, which had bene verv rich in
iilile time, but iiowe the farters h.me almost lavcle it waste. In the saide citie there w.t.
abu'idaine of bread and tle-h, ; ;ul cifall other victual- except wine and frtiites. This citie aUii
is very colcle, and is repcjrted to be higher situated, then any other city in the world. It h.iih
most holesnme and nweete water- about jt: (or tlie veiner- of the said waters seemc to sprin.;
and (lnv lionithe mightv riiier of I^ti|)liraies, which is but a dayes ioiirney from thes;iiilc citv
Also, the said c ilie -tandsdirecllv in the wav to Taiirii. And I pa»edon vnto a c criaine nioun-
taine called Sobi-sac alo. In the loresaicle i cuintrc \ there is the \erv same moiintaine whereupon
the Arke ol Noah rested: vnto the v\hivh I would willinglv haue ascended, if my companv \»iiulcl
lunie st;iyed fc r me, Howbeit the people of that tountrey report, that no man could cuer ascend

ih«

Af.i

(hi

Bat:
def
like
and

hai
Fr,,
this
a ;;i

I .T

Ire:

con
bila
ill''

Odoricm.
me dispone, si

ciulum iter sua:
gis ad mcritum,
Domini loanni.-t
cum ire volenti-
Pontificcm. iion

ill habit u pcrc-
uosrcrct quo mo-
uui sanctum pro-
ucnti decimi) ex
1 cum Senex iile

in bona prospc-

(juc cssel in con-

rouclatin, acccp-

lumis in Domino

iub manu Notarij

Oihricus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

159

) Realu"' Odorirus

miracula demon-

de ])ortu Gruaric,

[lumi-i, Hi. consilij

; sed non de om-

iie Minorilcs,
he Uast.

ig the f.ishiDns ami
Vahiini> bciii^de-
ard fircaiand luir.i-
Ironi IVra by Con-
ituaie, as hcinj; aii
this bnde 1 bchcLio
n;; about with him
he ground, and the
aucna, lieini; three
ll\a; when the man
him like < hi( keiiv
ir, uho tooke ax nu-
,1 e horn whence he
i-. Ami then I jw-fd
id bene very rich in
lide citie there w.is
litc-i. This t itie al«i
the world. It h.ith
cp* scemc to sprin-
r from the'«;iiilecit\
nto arcrtaine numii-
(mniaine whereupiin
fmv company \>oiiIil
uit ijiiuld cuer asccnl
thf

the said m' untaine, because (say they) it pleaseth not the highest God. And I trauailed on fur-
ther vnto lauris that great and roval city, which wa* in old time called Snsis. This city is Jj»jj^ • "'« "^
accompted for traffique of marchandize the chiefe city of the world: for there is no kindc of
victuals, nor any thing else belonging vnto merchandize, which is not to be had there in great
abundance. This city stands very commodiously : for vnto it all the nations of the whole worlde
in a maner may resort for traffique. Concerning the saide citie, the Christians in those parts
are of opinion, that the Persian Emperour receiues more tribute out of it, then the King of
France out of all his dominions. Neare vnto the said city there is a salt-hill yecldingsalt
vnto the city: and of that salt ech man may take what pleaseth him, not paying ought to any
man therefore. In this city many Christians ofall nations do inhabite.ouer whom the Saracens
beare rule in all things. Then I traueiltdon furtherunfo a city called "Soldania, wherein the Or.Suitanb.
Persian Emperour lieth all Sominer time: but in winter iiee takes his progresse unto another
citv staiuling vpon the Sea called * Baku. Also the foresaid city is very great and colde, hauing The Caspian s«.
good and holesomc waters therein, \nt() the which also store of marchandize is brought.
,>[or('( uer I traiielled with a cerlainc companv of Carauans toward vpper India: and in the way.
after manv davs iourney, I came vnto the citie of the three wise men calied*Cnssan. which Or.Cassibin.
is a iiobleandrenowmediitv, sailing that liie Tartar-^ haue destroyed a great part thereul, and
it abouiidetli with bread, wine, and many other commodities. From this city vnto Icru-
salcm (whither tlie three fort said wiseinen were miraculously led) it is fiftie days iourney.
There be many wonders in this citie alto, whicli, for brciiities sake, I omit. From thence I
departed viito a ccrtaine citv called'Ocste, whence the Sea of Sand is distant, one dayes cow.
iotirnev, which is a most wonderful and dangerous tiling. In this city there is abundance of
all kinds of victuals, and especially of (ij;^, reisins, and grapes; more (as I suppose! then in
anv part of the whole w 'rid besides. This is one of thethree princi|)all cities in all the Persian
Em|)ire. Of this citv the Sar.iceiis report, that no Christian can by any nieanes liue therein
abniu' a veere Tlun pissing manv daves iournev on forward, I came vnto a certaine citie
called *Co;niiin, wiiich wa-an huge and migiitie citie in olde time, coiileynin^r well nigh til'tie Com,^
miles in ( ircuiic, and hath done in times p.tst great damage vnto the Romanes. In it there
are stately palaces allogiiher destitute <if inhabitants, notwithstanding it aboundeth with great
Htore of victua's. From hence tr.iiieili^ig thp'ii!;h many countreys, .u length I came vnto the
land of I'l) ii.imed llus. whiiii is full v)f all kindc of victuals, and \v ,>!eas;iiitlv situated.
There ihonts are certaine :n' iiniaincs Iniiinj; '^oiul pastures for cattell upon tliem. Here also
M.imia is found in great alioiiiidam e Four partri>;es are here soldo for lessc then a s^roat. In
this ( Munirev liiere are ino-l ■ o;inl\ "Lie men. Here also tli< men spin and c.ird, and not the
women. This land bordertih vpon liie North i)ari ol Chaldaja.

or tile inaners ,.f the Chalda'ans, and of India.

1 Horn thence I traiicle.l into( hald.'ea, which is a great kingdome.and I [)assed by the lower ofThnowti oi
Bahel. This region hath a laijiiafie ])c(iili»r \nto it selfe, and there are beautilull men, and^'*^''
deformed woiuf n Tlie men >''■ the same couittrev \se to haue their h:iir<' kempt, and trimmed
like vnto our women : and thev weare golden lurhants vpon their lieades richly set with pearle,
and jiretious stones The wimien are clad in a course smock oiielv reaching to their knees,
and h iiiing long slceucs liaiiiiing downe to the ground. .\nd tliev goe bare-looted, wearing
breeches which reach to the ground also. The\ we;:re no aitire vpon their heads, but their
haire hangs ('islieauelcd about their cares: and there be manv other strange ih' zs also.
Fr(,m thence I (ameinlo tlie low <"• India, whi<h the f;irtars oiierian and wasted And in
ihiscouiitrcv the people eat tiates for the most part, whereof 4'i. li are there sold lor lesse then
a groat. I passed liirtheralso iii:my da\ .-s iournev vnto the Ocean sea. .ind the lirst land where
I :irriued, is called *Oimes, being well lortilied, and hailing great store of marchandi/e aiidonniK.
treasure ther.'in. Siu li and so extreme is the heat in th;ii (cnintrcv, that the priiiities of men
come out ol tlieir tiodies and hang down eiicn vnto tlieir mid-legs. .\nd tlicrelbre tlu- inha-
bitants (i| ihc same pi ice, to preseriie their owiie lines, do m;ike a ccrt.iiiu' ointment, and .inoinl-
iiig their ]>riiiic meiiibcis thcrewilh.do lap them \p in certaine bags Listened vnto tiicir bodirs.

1 5'^ <

r'HMi

4 ^[1 . '

160

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odorictis.

Thana, whereof
I'redeiick Cesar

maketh men-
tiou.

Malibjr.

'Hir biirfiiiif
cf their dead.

for otherwise they must needs die. Here also they vse a kindcnf Bark or ahippe called lase bcinj;
compact together oncly with hempc. And I went on boiird into one of them, wherein I could
not (inde any yron at all, and in the space of 28. dayes I ..rriiied at the city of Thana, whcro-
in foure of our friers were martyred for the faith of Christ. This countrcy is ^ell situate,
hauing abundance of bread and wine, and of other victuals therein. This kingd. me in olde
time was very large and vndcr the dominion of king Porus, who fought a great ,)attell with
Alexander the great. The people of this counlrey are idolaters worshipi)ing fire, serpents
and trees. And oucr all this land (he Saracens do beare rule, who tooke it by mainc force,
and they themselucs arc in subjeclio'i unto King Daldilus. There be diucrs kinds of beiists,
as namelv blacke lyons in great abundance, and apes also, and monkcis, and baftes as biggc
as ourdoucs. Also there are miseas biggc as our countrcy dogs, and therefore they are hunt-
ed with d(i"s, bcc.iu-ic cats are not able to inconnier them. Mnrcouer in the same countrcy
cucrv man liath a l)un<lle of great boughs standing in a water-pot before his doore, wliicli
bundle is .is >; re.it as a pillar, and it will not wither, so long as w.iter is ap|)lied thereunto;
with manv other nouelties and strange things, the relation whereof would breed great delight.

How peper is had : and where it growclh.

MOreouer, that it may be manifest how peper ii had, it is to l)e vndcrstood that it growcth
in ;i ccrtaine kingdome whereat I my selfe arriucd, being called * .Millibar, and it is not so
pIcntirMll in am other part of the worldc as it is there. Tor the wood wherein it growes con-
tcinetii in i innit IH. dayes iournev. And in the said wood or I'orrest there arc two citic-,
one c.illcd * Flaiidrina, anilihe oihcrCvncilim. In Tlandrina both lewcs and (Christians doc
inhabite, betwcciic whom there is (d'tcri contention and warre : howbcit iht Christians outr-
idim' liie lewcs at ail times. In ihc foresaid wood ])e|)per is had after this maiier: first if gmw-
eili in Icaues like vnto pdt-hcarbs, which the\ plant nccre vnto great trees ;is wcdo our uncs,
and lhe\ Ijiin;.; forth |)cpper in clusters, as our \iiusdoe vceld grapes, but being rijic, thcv
arc of a grcciie colour. ;ind are gathered as we gather grapes, ami then the graines are laved
in llie Suniic to be dried, and hcins drii d are put into earthen \essels: and thu>. is peppir
made and kept. Now, in tiie s.ime wuod there he many rii:er«, wherein arc gre.it store < f
("riie<i(liles, and ol (itlier sei penis, uiii< li thf inhal'itniils tiiereaboiit do biirnc \p with str:i\»
and with other drv jewel, and so ihev :,'o to i;atlu r ilieir pepjKr uitlunit danger. .\t li.e .Smiih
end of the said forrest stands tlie city of I'olunibrum, wliii h abouiidetii with marchaiuli^e i.f
all kinds. ,\ll the inliabitaiils nf tiiat counfrev do wor-hip a lining o\r, as ilicir god, wliniii
they j)iit to labour for sixc \eics. and iti the seiienlh vere tliev can-c him to rist from al lii.
wirke, pla( iiig him in a solemne and piiblique |)la<e, and calling him an holv beast. Mnrc-
ouer lliev \se this loolisli ecreniciiiie ; I'.iierv nuirninj; thev take two basons, either of silmr.

and with ' ne lliev rcieiiic the \rine d' the o\«

(1 w ill) the other

With the \rine liiey wash ihcir face, their e\ cs, and all llieir line senses. Of the dung th-^
put into both their eves, then thev ainioint the bals of their ( hceks therewjih, and ihjnllv
their breast : and then ihev sav that ihcv are sanetilied lor all thai day ; .\nd as the |)co|)!i
(1( c, euen so doe their Kini; and (iiieene. This peo|)le worsiiippeth also a dead idolc, uliiii
I'riini the iiauel \pward, resend)lelli a man, and from the nancl (lii'.%neward an o\e. 'l'lie\rr\

same idol dcliucrs oraclcs xntotli
lor his hire. .And therel'ore the ni

I'ln, and sometnnes rcciuirc

les \nto their idols, i iien as ('hri«I

if that n ';;on t
iaiis do till ir (

•th the b'ood of foiiriic \ir>;in«
secrate tlu'ir daughters and thcr

l.ild

ren x nto some

li^ion or ^alnt I'l

Iiea'.icn. Likewise they sa( rilice liieir soi.iics and their d.au. liters, and
to death before liie said Idol b\ reason of that accursed < cr<'inonv

miK ti peojjie IS 1 1.1

.'. .Mso, manv olher h:

and aboininal)le \illanies docth that brutish beastlv p.opje commit: and I s.iwr manv iiiii-
stranye things among them which I mc.ine not here to insert. Another most vile (iisiini
the loresai<le nation doeth rciaine: fiTv^lien any n.i'.n dieth they l)urne his deadccrp^t
ashes: and if his wile siiruiueih hiin, Ik r thev biirne quicke, because (s.iv thev) slusl.i!
accompany her hiisliand in his lililie and husbaiulrv, when he is < ome into a new VMirld
Ilowbeif the said wile hauing children bv her husband, mnv if she will, rcmaine ttillaliui

It'

Ocioricns.

called lasc being
, wherein I could
of Thana, whcrc-
y is veil situate,
ingd. me in oUle
great .lattcll with
ing fire, serpents
t bv mainc force,
rs kinds of beasts,
id battes as bigge
:)re they are hunt-
he same countrey
his doore, which
j)j)lied thereunto:
reed great delight.

od that it growcih
ir, and it is not so
rein it growes coii-
ere are two citic-,
and Christians dm-
11 Christians oiur-
naner: first if urow-
as uc(h> our \inc»,
lit being rijic, they
\c graiiu's arc laycd
and ihiis is |)C|)])(r
arc i;rcat sidrc rf
)iirnc \|) willi str;iw
[jiigcr. At li.c Soiiih
willi niarciiaiuli/.c if
as tlicir god, whom
,n to rcit from al hi-
I holy beast. Mun-
.ns, cither of sihiiT.
tlic other liis dun.
Of tiie dung th\
icrcwith, and thirdly
; And as the pcojilo
n a dead idolc, \\\\ni\
■i\ an o\c. The\rr)
<.(1 of founic \iruin-
r (lauglitcrs and ihcr
• l{ili;;ion or Saiiil r;
,(>. niiu h pcoph' is 1 1.;
o, many nther haiivi-
ml I -.luc many iikc
>r most \ile custimi
rnc his dead trijw I
; (s.iy they) she sh.l!
omc into a new wcrW
ill, rcmaine (till ahui

Wllil

Ottoricus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES.

IGl

%vith them, without shame or reproch : notwithstanding, for the most part, they all of them
make choice to be burnt \V their husbands. Now, albeit the wife dieth before her husband,
that law bindeth not the husband to any such incouenience, but he inay mary another wife
also. Likewise, f said nation hath another strange custome, in that their women drink
wine, but their men do not. Also the women haue the lids & brows of their eyes & beards
shauen, but the men haue not : with many other base & filthy fashions which the said
women do vse contrary to the nature of their sexe. Fro that kingdom I traueiled 10. dales Mob.r.o.
iourney vnto another kingdome called Mobar, which containeth many citie.s. Within a Maiiapor.
certaine church of the same countrey, the body of S. Thomas the Apostle is interred, the
very same church being full of idols: and in 15. houses round about the said Church, there
dwell certaine priests who are Nestorians, that is to say, false, and bad Christians, and schis-
matiques.

Of a strange and vncouth idole: and of certaine customes and ceremonies.

IN the said kingdome of Mobar there is a wonderfull Strang idole, being made after the
shape and resemblance of a man, as big as the image of our Christopher, & consisting all of
most pure and glittering gold. And about the neck thereof hangeth a silke riband, ful of
most rich & precious stones, some one of which is of more value then a whole kingdome.
The house of this idol is all of beaten gold, namely the roofe, the pauement, and the sieling
of the wall within and without. Vnto this idol the Indians go on pilgrimage, as we do vnto S.
Peter. Some go with halters about their necks, some with their hands bound behind them,
some other with kniucs slicking on iheir armes or legs : and if after their pe>egri nation, the
flesh of their wounded arme festcrelh or cormpteth, they esteemc that limme to be holy, 6e
thinke that their Ciod is wel pleased with them. Nearc vnto •he temple of that idol is a lake
made by the hands < f men in an open & common place, whcreinto the pilgrimes ca.st gold,
siluer, & |)recimis stones, for the honour of the idol and the repairing of his temple. And
th'.'refore when any thing is to be adorned or mended, they go vnto this la'^e taking vp the
treasm-e which was cast in. Moreouer at cucry yerely feast of the making oi repairing of the
said idol, the king and queene, with the whole multitude of the people, & all the pilgrimes
assemble tlicmschies, & placing the said idol in a most stately & rich chariot, they cary him
out < f tinir temple with songs, & with all kind of musical harmonie, & a great company of
virgins go proccssion-wisc two and two in a rank singing before him. Many pil"rims also
put thcmsclucs Viulcr the chari<.t wheclcs, to the end that their false god may go oner them:
and al they oiicr whom the chariot runneth, arc crushed in pieces, iV diuided asunder in the
midst, and slaiiie right out. Yen, & in doing tiiis, fhpy think thcmsclues to die most holily
& securely, in the scruice of their god. And by this nicanes eiiery yerc, there die vndcr the
said (illhy idol, nio then .i()0. persons, whose carkascs arc burned, and their ashes are kept
for reliques, because they died in that sort for their god. .Moreouer thev haue another de^
testable ceremony. For when any n.an odcrs to die in the seruice of his false god, his parents,
& all his friends assemble themsclue:, together willi a consort of musicians, making him a great
& soletiine feast: which feast being ended, they hang 5. sharpe kniues about^his neck ca-
rying him before the idol, & so soone as I.e i> come (hither, he takcth one of his kniues crying
with r. loud voice, For the worsliij- of my god do I cut this my flesh, and then he casicth the
morsel whicii is cut, at J face if his idol: but at the very last wound wheiewiih he murthereth
himsclfe, he vttereth these words: Now do I yecld my selfto dcatii in the behalfe of my god,
and being dead, his bndy is burned, tV is esteemed by al men to be holy. The king of the
said region is mof t rich in gold, sihicr, and precious stones, & there be the fairest vnions in
al the world. Traueling from thence by the Ocean sea .•»(). dales iournev southward, I came
vnio a certain land named Lammori, where, in regard of extreeme heat, the people both men p„iu,nh.
and women go star .-naked from top to toe : who seeing me apparelled scoffed at me, sayin>r •"""«'' i"*
that Gi d ma le Adam & Fue naked. In this countrey al women are common, so th..t no 'm.nn '""'
can say, this .s mt wife. Also when any of the said women beareth a son or a-daughter she
bestowcs it vpon any one that hath lien with her, whG she pleaseth. Likewise al the land of

fV,|

I'll

■*9'-

I »

f b <

1(i2

Sumair?.

Iau3.

■t.li ■>...:,

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricus.

that iTijion is possessed in comoii, so that there is not niinc& thine, or any propriety of pos-
sesion In tiic diui^ion of lands: h<ml)eit ciicrv man hath is ownc house peculiar vnto hiin-
selle. Mans flesh, if it be fat, is eaten as ordinarily there, as bccfe in our country. And
albeit the people are most lewd, yet the coutry is exceeding good, abounding with a! cotno-
dities, as (lesh, rorne, rise, siluerj gold, wood of aloe?, Campheir, and many other things.
>rarchants comniing vnto this region for trafliquc do vsually bring w them fat men, selling
them vnto the inhabitants as wc scl hogs, who immcdiatly kil & eat them. In this island
towards the south, there is another kingdonie called Siinoltra, where both men and women
marke ilieniNelucs willi red-hot yron in VI. sundry spots of I'leir faces ; and this nation is at
cotinual warre with certnine naked people in another region. Then 1 Iraueled further vnto
another island called laiia, the C(ln1pa^se whereof by sra is 3(M)i). miles. The king of this
Hand hath 7. other crowned kings vnder his iurisdiction. The said Island is throughly inhabited,
:t is ihou"lit to be one of the principall Uantls of y whole world. In the same Hand there
"rowcth (Treat |)lenlv of clones, cubibc/, and nutmegs, and in a word all kinds of spices a -e
there to be had, and great abundance of all victuals except wine. The king of the said land
of laua hatha most braueand sunijttuous pallace, the must loflilv built, that euer I saw any,
Sk it luiili most high greeses & stayers to ascend vp to the roonies therein contained, one slay re
bein'i of -ilncr, & anollier of gold, throughout the whole building. Also the lower roomes
were p.uicil all oner with one stpiare plale of sillier, iS; another of gold, .Ml the wals vpon
the inner sije were seeled oner with pl.ites of beaten gold, wherupon were ingraiien y pictures
of knights, hauing about their temples, ech of them awreilhof unldc, adorned with preiiou-
stone>. 'fho roole of the pnl.ice vs.is cf pure gold. Willi tiiis king of laua the great Can of
falav hath hid many condii les in war ; whom uoiwitlManding the said king hath alwaxcs
cuercome Jt \aiui;,i--hed.

()l ceriaine trees \eelding nicale, honv, and povson.

NEere \nlo ilie said II, iiid is .mother coiiiitre\ cilled l':inten, or faihalaiuasin. And the
kinii ol' the ■^nme ci linlrv hath mauv Hands muIii lii> doiniiiion. In this land there are Ireis
veeldiiiL' mealc, li(>nv. iV wine, ^\: the most dcadlv pii-im in :dl y whole wcrld : for a ;ainsl i(
there is bin oiu' i i;l\ rciiu"d\ ' i\ lh.it i-. tiiis : ifanv iiia;i hath taken I'l \ pdssdii, vS, wmild In'
deliucrcvl from llie da.igcr thcri f, hi him temper the dung '>!";; ui.in in water, vS; so driiikc ,i
good iiuamitic thercci', iV it c\p( N llu' pos-oii iiiiiiie(liall\ , iii.ikint; it to aiinid al ihc I'linde-
nieiil. Mealc i-. prochiied oi.l nl the ^.iid trees alter this iii.incr. fiiey be mi^hlv hu;;e tree-,
and when llicy are (ill willi an axe b\ the ground, there i-siutli out of the stoi ke a icrlaiii
lidiiir like \nio giiiiiiiK-, wiiii h the\ I. ike and put into b.i^'.s made of leaiies, Living iliem li r
I,') dai<s together al)n>:!d i.i the sun, \ ai the end of those Ij di\es, when the s;<id liicur is
thri ughlv panhed, it bcidnieili iiu.ile llien tliev stcepe it lirsi ins(.i water, \Na«hing it .il-
ter\>anl with froh water, and so it i- made \ery ;;oiid »V sauorie paste, whereof ihcv liiakr
eillicr nil al i r bread, as ihc\ ihinke ',;oi)d. Ol wliiih bi( .ul I iii\ svlfedid c.ite, \ it isla\rrr
\\i(h()iit\' si.ir.ewliil briAMic \\iiliiir 1S\ ihi^ 1 1 iintrcv is the sia i.illcd M. le morluii, wIik'i
niiiiKlh conliiuinllv Si iillr.v.inl, ilitn v w'.iili win sceiier I'allelli is ueuer seine after. In liiis

•.II

("iiiitrcv alsn are lou:;d i.iius of an i:uu'dililc ltiii;lli, iianicK o

ihev

lii.e

tin;.

(iO

hii^l

I I'r more, iV

irt.i

f as bigi;e ,is trees. Other laiies there be also c.illed Cassmi, uliii h (iuer'|)r(ad the c
is-e, iV nut ol eiier\ ki'ol uf llielii spring fourth ceria

lif.inclies, uuicli are njii-

p- n llu.' ground aliini«i l< r tlu' spue ul a niilc

In Ih

..ivil I alio

I crtaii e s'niie-, cue ol wliii h simies, »\liii-i.eiier (arr\elh aboiit with him, (.iiiiu't lie womnlcl

vrcn: \ tl

iilursi'ciier

il'cv .ire vi.tiij

Ih
to b:- I:,

icri lure the nun of il.al i oiiiilre\ fr the most part, larry s,.(h siimcsui

ol' their I hildren, \.l
the wound, lualiui; i

III

c\ i;.<e.

lu aNo c;;iise one

M;i

iKltmir one i

Hie are

if Ihc

d sti

lihisiii'i \') ihe s;ii I XVI ond ^^ll: llu- ninviler ol acirt.iine hsli i the oame wi.iicol Ii

vii'nv wiiii'ii 1)' wiler t

vcrliie ol ipcsi
land. H.

slii'KS

d ilh
Ihc

onmt (lijtiv (Oil

oresaiil

idati

e and cure tile r-aid \.oii

iiid And l>\ tl.

lie af

for tli

il til'

e most |)art triuu

ph boti

1 on sc.i :iiui

•re IS one kind of strataiji iiie, whirli the enemies of this iiatinii, knowiiiu

Oduricus.

)iicty of pos-

i;ir vnto him-

iintry. And

with al como-

olher things.

men, neilint;

111 thi:i island

n and women

is nation is at

(nrther vnto

.- kin}{ of this

;hly inhabited,

iR- Hand there

(>r ".pices a -e

)!' the said land

cuer I saw any,

incd, oncslajre

le lower roomes

1 the wals vpoii

laucn y pi( tiires

[•d Nsith prccioiw

the j;reat Can < I'

n"; liatli alwaycs

masin And ilie
lul lluroare lre(s
-Ul : I'cr a;;aiii>l it
sson, it would l)i'
ter, kS: so drinki' a
loid al the riindc-
niniity hn^;e tree -.
[If sioi ke a ( eriaiii
^, lavini; llifni li r
the >jh\ Im nr i-
liT, \Na-liinj; it .il-
htrcol' thev niakr
eate, iV it isl'aucr
::re inorlnit, \\Uh\\
iiie alter. In lln'-
> hiuh I'V more, ..v.
ucr-priad ihe e.iil.i
I's, \shi( h are lyn-
ic, there are tmir.il
;annot he woundiil

TV ^..eh >IolU"f Willi

c'lr ihiMren, uliili"
ound, healing al<« ,
lie wiienol i do ii..!
(lUiul And l)> l'.-
Li!i botli on se.i .uul
ii> nation, kiio«iii;;
tl;v

Odoricui.

THAll'IQUKS, AND DlSCOt KltlKS,

Snylcs ni.iilt'
, C'.milM.

the vcrtne of the snyd .stones doe practise against them : namely, (hey prouide tlieniselncs
armour of yron or stcelc anainst their arrowes, & weapons also poisoiuil wiih the pov-ion ni'
tree.s <^' thcv carry in their hands wooden .stakes most sharpc & Iiard-jjoiiiled, as if ihey were
\ron : likewise tiiev shoot arrowes without yrrm heads, anil so they confound & s!a) sonio ol'
their vnarined foes tmstinji too securely vnto the vcrtue of their .stones. Also of the lbrc.-a\d
canes called C'asun they make saylcs for their ships, and litle hou>e.-, and many oiher neces-
saries. From thence after many daycs trancll, 1 arriiied at another kingdome called Campa
a n-.ost beauiifiil and rich cniirincy, & ahounding with all kind of viduals: the kinj; wlierof,
at mv beiiio t'lere, had i-o many \\iues & concubines, that he had 31)0 sonnes & daii;;liters
by the. This king hath lOOOt tame Elejjhants, which arc kept cuen as we keepe droiie.s of
c.\en, or flocks of dieepc in pasture.

Of the abundance of lishe.s, which cast ihcselites vpon the shore.

IN this countrey ihcre is one stranije thing to be ob.serucd, j' enery seueral kind of (ishes in
tho~:e seas come swiniminj; towards the said countrey in such abundance, that, for a j;reat dis-
tance into the sea, nolhin;; can be .scene but y backs of fishes : which, casting theseliies vpon
the s!iore when they come neere vnto it, do sulfer men, for the space of 3. daics, to come i*>:
to tak" as many of the as they please, Sc then they retnrne againe vnito the sea. After that
kind tif lislics conies another kind, olVering it selfe after the same maner, and so in like sort
all other kind-- wliatsocucr : notwithstanding they do this but once in a yere. .\nd I de-
maiindcd of the inhabitants there, how, or l>y what meanes this strange accident could come
to jiasso : Tlic\ answered, that fishes were taught, cuen by nature, to come Sc to do homage
villi) their I^inpcrour. Tlicre be Torioises also as bigge as an oueii. Afany other things I saw Tortoise.
which are iiK ndihle, Milesse a man should see them with his own eie-. In this eounlrv also
dead men arc Inirncd, iV their wines are burned aline with them, as in the city of I'oliimbriiin
alioiie ineniioncd : lor the men of that country say that she gocth to accomjianv him in ano-
ther world, that ho should take none other ^vif(• in mariage. Moreouer I traueled on fiirilier
I'V the ocean-sea towards the soulli, & p.issed through many countries and islands, wherof one
is called M' unioiaii, i^' it cOlainelh in ci^npasse ii. M. miles, wherin men & women hauc
(h'gs faces, and worship an ose for tlicir god: and thcrefure euery one of tlicin carv the
image c'f an o\e of gold or sillier \poii their f<ireheads. Tlie men and the women of this conn-
try go all naked, saniiig that they liaiig a linen cloth before their iiriiiiiies. The men of the
said ((luniry are very tall and mighty, and by ivas.ii that they goe naked, when the\ are to
ni.iki' badcll, iliey cary yron or stcele-iargeS before them, which do couer and dcf-nd their
bodies IVom top to toe : and whomsoeucr of ilu ir f.es t!;ey fake in baiul not being able to
r.insoin hinisclfe for monev , ihey jircscntly dcui iire him : but if he be able to redecine liiin-
sclfe f< r mnne\ , thcv ht him go free. Their King weareth abont his necke :;t)(). great and
most heauiiriill \nions, and saith euery day .'{(10. jiravers vntohisgod. lie weareth \ponlits
linger aUo n stone if a span long, which seeinelh to be a flame of fire, and therefore when he
wc.uclhil, ii'i man il.ire once approch vnto him '. and ti cy say that there is luit anv stone in
the whole world of uKire \alue then it. Neither cinild al anv time the great Tartarian Lmpe-
ro;iv of Kaias j'ither by force, money, or polieie oblaiiie il at his hands: notwithstanding
that ite iiaili d(iiu' the\tinost of his indeiiour for this purpose.

()l the Islaiid ol S\Ian: and of the inountaine where Adam mourneel for his sonne

Abel.

1 Passed alsobv another islaiui lalledSy Ian, which conteineth in rOpa.sse abcue ii. M. miles:
wherin are an inlinit number of. serpents, iV: great store of lions, beares, \ :d kinds of raiieii-
ing I'^f wild beasts, and especially of elephants. In the said ((uiiitrv there is an huge inoun-
taine. whereupon the inhabitants of that regio do report that .\dam mourned for his son Abel v
space of .■)(,(). ycres-. In ihc midst of this montain there is a most beautiful plain, wherin is a litle
i.i!. eeoteiniiiggre.it plely of water, which wafer _? inh;ihilanls report to haue proceeded fro the
le.irc.s of Adam iS^ Eue : howLeit I pmned tliat'lo be f:dsc, because I saw the water flow in

V 'i the

' NTnumoran.

■A'

■V

'-*«wii&..

III

(■• ; '

!'■

'.ll

' • i\ l'

!:)'

^^ lift

/111 !

164

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricun

the take. This water it fill of hors-lecchos, & blootl-siickors, & of prcrioiw stones abo : which
prerioiis stones thckinp taketh not vnto his owiic vsc, but oik cor fwisc eiicry ycre he pcr-
initleth lertainc poorc people to dine viider the water for y said stones, & ai that they can
get heboloweth vpon them, to the end they may pray for his sou le. Hut y they may with
Icsse d.inger diiic vnder the water, they t:ike iimons which ihey oil, anointing themseliies
throughly with the iiiicc thrrof, & so they may diue naked vnder y wafer, the hors-lecche«i
not being able to hurt ihcm. From this lake the water runneth euen vnto the sea, and at a
low cbbc the inhabitants dig rubies, diamonds, pcarli, iV other pretious stones out of the
shore; wheriipon it is thought, that y king of this inland h'th greater abudanee of pretious
stones, then any other monarch in tlie whole earth luNitlcs. In the >aid country there be al
kinds of beasts and foules: it tiie pe(j|)le told me, that those biasis would not inuade nor
hurt any stranger, but only the natural inhabitants. I saw in tliis island fouls as big as our
countrey geese, liauing two heads, and ( tlier miraculous thing-, which I will not here write
pr.D.idni. otl". Traucling Oil further toward tlie souih, 1 arriucd at a certain island called Hodin, which
signilieth in our language vnclean. In this island there do iidiabitmost wicked persons, who
deuour \' eat raw lle*h cOmitting al kinds of vncleannes c!v abomin.ntiuMs in such sort, as it in
incredible. I'or the father caleth his son, & the son his father, the hii-Iiand his owne wife, &
the wife her luisband: and tliat after this inaner. If any mans father hevick, the son straight
goes vnto the sooth-saying or prngnisticaliiig priest, recpiesting him to demand of his god,
whether his lather siiall recouer of that inlirmily or no : Then both ol them go \nto an idol
of gold or of siluer, making their praiers vnto it in maner folowing ; I, rd, thoii art our yod,
& thee we do adore, beseeching thee to residue vs, whether sucii a man must <lie, or reicticr
of such an inlirmily or no: Then the diuel answcreth out of \ fori -aid i(i> I ; ilhesaiih he
tihal line) then returnclh his son and miiiistret i things nciessarv v:ito him, til he hath aiiained
vntohis former health; but if he saith (he shal die) then gic^, y priest miIo him, iSi pimmj^
a cloth into his ini>iii!i doih strangle him iherewitli ; which being done, Ium uis his dead li.niv
into morsel-, >iv' al his liicnds and kinsfulks are iiuiited vnto the eating tlicrcof, \>iih musi(|i;c
and all kinde of mirth : liowbcit his bones are solemnely buried. .\nd when I found fault
with that ciistome (hnianding a reason thereof, one of them gaue me this answere; this we
doe, least the worincs should cat his (lo-h, for then his soule should sud'er great torments, nei-
ther ( 1 uM I In anv meancs rcmooue them from that erroiir. Manv other noneliies and siratigp
lhin;;s thru lice in this cciintriv, which no man wouKl credite, vnles he saw t!iem with his
owne 4VCS. Ili.wbeit, 1 Jicfnre .iliiiighly (Jod) do here make relation of nrthing but of tli:it
imlv. thereof I ;iin :is vure, as a man may be sure. Concerning the foresaid islands I in(|uirrcl
of diiRi's w( I e\|)e'icr,( cd persons, ^»h() al of tliem, ;is it were with one consent, an-wercd
me ss\ iiig, I'hat this Ii:dia ccniained 1 KK). islands vnder it, or within it: in which islandi
there are sixtie and foure crowned kings: and they say morcouer, that the greater part ot
tho-e i-land» are we! inhabited. And here I conclude cucerning that part of India.

Ol. China. Of i!,e\p|)cr India: and of the prouinccof Mancy.

First of al therefore, failing iraueled manv dayes iourney \po the Dcean-sea toward tlir
East, at leiiglh I ;iriiued al a ( eriaine great pi. mince called Maiuy, being in L:itiiie n.iiiuci
Ii'dia. roiueriiing this Iiidi.i I in(|iiir((l of {'hrisli;iiis, of Siiracens, v\; of Idol.iters, and ol
;il siu h as bare aiiv (Hire muI.t the great Can. Who ;ill of them \*iih one consent answerdl.
that this prouincc ol ,M;m( v h.ith mo tlicn y(KX). great cities within the prec inct- thereof, \-
that it abou'iileth with all plenty of victu.ils, :is n;imcly wilh bread, wine, rise, llesh, and lish.
.Ml the men of this preuince be artificers 8t m;ir( hants, who, though they be in neuer so ex-
treme peiiiirie, so long as they can hel|>e ihemselues bv the labor of tlieii- hands, wil neiiir
beg alir.es of anv man. The men of this pronini e are of a faire and comely personage, hii!
soinevNiiat pa'e, iiauing their heads sh;men but a litle : bi'I the women are the incsi beaiitifui
Or.ciuika'j,. Mider the -uiiiie I'he hist ( it\ of C said I'idia wlii(h I came Mito, i-. cille.l C'eusk.ilon. \iliiili
being a ihiie-> iournev distanl iVothe sea, st:inds \pon .i riiier, the w.iter whereof, nere miId
tiie mouth, where il exoneraieth it selfc into the sea, dulh ouerllow the land fur the space of

l',i

ol
di

sir

n\c

int

the

An
ma
oui
teii
Ihr
the

\i.

hfii-l

' ?vU

f I

Odoricu.%,

IK'S also : which
y ycre he pcr-
I that they can
they may with

iiig thcmscliics
he hors-U'cchos
he Bea, and at a
ones out of the
met' of prctioiiH
ntrv tiiorc be al

not iniiadc nor
Ills as bij; as our

t not iiere write

(I Hodill, which
vcd pcptons, \\\v\
such sort, as il is
, owni- wife. &
ihc son siraiiiht
niand ol his j;o<l,
I ^o \nto an idol
thou art (uir ■:od,
;| die, or rei^iutT
if he saiih ^lic
il he hatli alt.iiucd

hiui, I'v piilliu;;
uls iiis dead l)udy

[.•of, wiih uuisitiue
hen I found fault
answrre ; this we
eat torments, nci-
uellics and siranjjc
ia«- t!icui \Mtli liis
iclhiuj; but of lliMt

1 islands I in(|uir((l
consent, nn-wcrcd
: in xvhich islaiiiU
lie fjreaier part "I
.)f India.

ean-sea toward tlic
i;; in baline named
f Idolaters, and ol
cciiisent answertd.
reiincls tliereoj', \-
ri-ie, lU'sh, and ti-ili.
be in neuer so ex-
it- hands, wil neuer
aely personage. Inn
■ the most beautinil
.1 Ceuskalon, \\l\iilt
s\ hereof, nere Mito
Jnd fur the space ol

Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

12. daies imirney. All the inhabitants of this India are worshippci^ of idols. The foresaid
city of Ceuskalon hath such an huge nauv belonging thereunto, that no man would beleeuc
it vidcsse he should see it. In this city I saw 3<K),li. of good & new ginger sold for Irsse
then a groat. There are the greatest, and the fairest gecsc, & most plenty of them to be
sold in al the whole world, as I suppose: tiiev areas while as milke, and hauc a bone vpon the
crownc of their heads as biggc as an cgge, being of the colour of blood : vnder their throat
they hauc a skin or bag hanging downe halfe a foot. They arc exceeding fat &' wel sold.
Also thev hauc ducks and hens in that eoinitry, one .-.s big as two of ours. There be mO-
strous great serpents likewise, which are taken by the inhabitants tt eaten ; whereu|)on a
soleuinc least among ihem without serpents is not set by : and to be briefe, in this city there
arc al kinds of viclual.s in great abundance. From thence 1 passed by many cities & at length
I came vnio a cit\ named t'aitan, wherin y friers Minorites haue two places of aboad, vnto
the wliich I transported the hones of the dead friers, which sufT'red martyrdom for the faith
of Christ, as it is aboue mentioned. In this city there is abundance of al kind of victuals
\ery cheap. The said city is as big as two of Bononia, & in if are many monasteries of re-
ligious persons, al which do worship idols. I my sclfe was in one of those Monasteries, & it
was told me, that there were in it lii. M. religious men, hauing xi. M. idols: and one of 5' said
idols which seemed vnto me but liile in regard of the rest, was as big as our Christopher.
These religious men eucry day do feed their idol-gods; wherupon at a ccrtaine time 1 went
to behold the baiupiet : and indeed those things which they brought vnto them were good
to eat, & filming hole, insomuch that the steame of the smoke thereof ascended vp vnto
their idols, \- thev ^aid that their gods were refreshed with the smoke ; howbeit all the meat
they coiuicved away, eating it vp their ownc selucs, and so they fed their dumb gods with
the snuike onely.

Of the ciiie Fiico.

THaucIing niore eastward, I came vnto a city named Fuco, which conteineth 31^. miles in
circuit, \>heriii be exceeding gre.it iV faire cocks, and al their hens are as white as the very
snow, hauinii wol in stead of I'c.ithers, like vnto sheep It is a most stately iV beautiful city
&; st.indelh vpon the sea. Then I went IS daies ioiiriiey on further, cV ])assid by many pro-
iiiiices iSc <iiics, and in the wav I went oner a certain great mountaine, vpon y one side where-
of I beheld al lining crealures lo be as I lack as a c ule, \: the men and women on that side
dilli'iecl soim\hat in i; aiier of lining in') olliers : howbeit, on the other side of the said hil
ciui y liiilii!,' thing was siiow-whiic, Aj the inh.ihiianis in their maiier of lining, were altoge-
ther \iilike Milootliers. 'llicTc, all ir.aricd wotneiicary in token that they haue husbands, a
great Iriinke of hornevpoii their h-.;cls, From thence I traueiled IH. dayes ioiirney further,
and came vnto a cert.iiiie great riiiir, and entered al«o into a citv, whereimto belongeth a
migl'.ty bridge to pas«e ihe said riuer. .\nd niine hoste with whom I soioiirned, being de-
sirous to shew me .some sport, said vnto me: Sir, if you will see any (ish taken, goe with
me. 'fhen hee led me vnto the foresaid bridge, carving in his armes with him certaine diuo-
doppcrs or v\ater-loules, bound v nio a c cim|iany of (xiles, and about cncry one of their necks
he lied a ihreed least ihev shnul.l c at ilie fish as fast as they tc<okc them : and he caried .'}. great
baskets with him also: then loo-ed he the diue doppers from the poles, which presently went
into the water, iV within lesse then tiie space of one lioiire, caught as inanv (ishes as tilled
the .'<. baskets: which being lull, mine hi.ste vnt\ed the threeds from about their neckes,
and entering the second time into the riiicr tliev led iheinselues with lish, and being satisfied
the) returiied and sulli'ied ihenvscliic's to be bound vnto the s.iide poles as they were before.
And when I did eate of those lishes, me thought they were exceeding good. Trauailing thence
maiiv d:i\(s iournevs, at len;;!!i I arriued at another citv called * Caiiasia, which signifieth in
our langu.ige, the city of heaiien. Ncuer in all my life did I see so great a citie ; for it con-
teineth in circuit -.m hundrcth milc-s : neither sawe I anv plot thereof, which was not
throughly inhabited : yea, I sawe many houses of lennc or twelue stories high, one aboue ano-
ther. It hath mighiie large suburbs cont.iining more people then the citie it .selfe. Also it

hath

165

He mrnnfth
Fclliini, which
the Spiiniardi
Cil Alcatnrir.

A iTtn ruin.

FouUt t;ati;tiiii£
6sh.

Or C'aniji.ot

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160

Thcluliancopjr
iu RimutiiiSt
hathiiouO.
hr)d|Ci.

VOYACFS, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoiic

hath twclur principal! jjatcst; and about the dititancc of cif{ht miles, in the liijjh way vnt >
I'uery one of the Haidc j;ateH Htandclli a city at hij; by c^limaiion ;is Venice, and I'adua. Tin
/bresaid city of (^anasia is situated in waters or nwr-iiics v.liic'i alwaycx sia;iil still nciiiifr
ebbing nor llowinf> : liowbeit it hath a deicMce for the wirdr lil^c siitn Venice. In this ciiie
there arc ino then UMYZ. bridges, many whereoi' 1 numl red .ind jn-cd oucrthcm: ami

vpon euery of those bridges stand certaine watchmen if (lie c;iie, I. 'ping continual! watch
and ward about the said cil\, lor the great Can tl>e Ivniperour of (at.. ■. The people olthis
countrey »iav, that they halie one duetie inioyned vnio ilicm ly their lord: for cuery (ire
nayeth one 15alis in rcr ' d of tribute : and a Halts is (iuc jjapt rs or pieces of «ilke, whidi
are worth one (loren and ni lialfe of our coitie. Tennc or t«ciiic lioiJtolds arc accotnpicd
for one lire, an<l so jiav tribute but for one lire oiiely. Al those tributary lircs amotint vntu
the number of f^->- Thiiinan, with other foiirc Thiitnan of the Saracens, which itiake HI), in
al ; And one Timman cosisteth of KXKK). lifts. The residue of the people of the city arc
some of them {'hrislians, some marchatils, and some traueilers through the counlrey : wlierc-
itpon I mariieilcd much howe such an infinite luiniber of jh r^ons could inhabile and line t(i-
gether. Tlicre is great aboundance of victuals in this cilie, as namely of bread and wine, and
cupecially of hogs-IUsh, with other neeewarics.

Of a Monastery where many strange beastes of diners kindes doe line vpon an hill.

IN the forcsaide citie foure of our friers had conuerted a niiglitv and rirlic man vnto the
failh of Christ, at whose house F conlinuallv abode, for so long time as I remained in the
fitie. Who vpon a certaine time saide vnto me: Aim, that is to say, I'alher, will you gop
and beholde the citie? And I said, yea. Then embar(|Ued we our seines, and directed our
course vnto a < eriaine great Monaster) : where bi iiig arriued, he i .died a religious person
with whom he was a(()uainted, sa) iiig vnto him coiu ei-nin;; me: liii-- lialian iManciis, that i«
to say, this religious I'Venchman comtneth from the \Vc«teriii' |).irt-. of the world, and is tww
g.'ing to the ( ity of Cambaleth to prav for the life of the grc.t Can, and then-fore \ou mu-\
shew him some rare tiling, that when liee relumes intii his owne countrey, lie may say, tlii'.
strange sight or nouelty hauc I scene in tlie < ity of Canasia. Then the said religious ni:ii)
tooke two great baskets full of broken rcliijucs which remained of tlio table, and led me mi-
to a little walled parke, the donre whereof he vnli:(ked with hi-- kev, and tin re appearri!
Mito vs a plea-ant f.iire green plot, ii.to the wliiih we cntied. In the said greene siaiuU .i
litle mount in forme of a •leeple. repicni-hcd with liagraiit licrbes, .wid line shadv trec''.
And while we .slofd there, he frnke a cvmball or bell, and rang t! "rewilh, as thcs vsc tr,
ring to dinni r or heiioir in cloisters, al the sound whereof nianv creatures if diners kiiiil>
tainedowiie from the mount, some like apes, some like cats, some like monkeys, and somi
hailing faces like men. And while 1 stood beholding of them, ihev gathered themselucs i,.
gether about him, to the nuinber of 421)0. of tho-c (rcatiircs, putting themselues in gim!
order, before whom he >et a platter, and gaue them the >;iid fragments to cate. .\n(l when
thev had eaten he rang \pon his cvmbal the second lime, and the\ al reiiinied vnto their fnr-
tner places. Ihen, wondring greatly at the matter, I demaiuhd wlmt kind of creatures iIknc
might be i' They are ((|uoih he) the soules of nibble men which we do here feed, fir (lie
loue of CJod who gouerneih the world : and as a man w.is honorable or noble in this lile, m'
his •.(lule after death, entreth into the body of some c\cellent bea-.i or other, but thcsoulcsif
simple and rusticall people do possesse the bodies of more \ ile and bruli-h creatures. Thou I
began to refute that foule error: howbeii inv sjieach did m thing at all preuaile with him: f r
hee could not be perswaded that any smile might remaiiie without a body. From ihcnii'
I departed vnto a certaine citie named (!hiIeiiso, the walls whereof conteined 40. miles in
circuit. Ill this city there are .'{(50. bridges of stone, the fairest that euer I saw: and it is wil
inhabited, hauing a great naiiie belonging thereunto, iSc abounding with all kinds of vii tiia'<
and other commodities. And thence 1 went \nfo a certaine riuer called Thalay, which where
it is most narrow, is 7. miles bro.id: and it runneth through the midst of the land of V\^-
ni.Ti, whose chiefc citv is calle«l Cikam. and is one of the goodliest cities in the world.

Thrtc

,. m \

Odv) iciif

ic liinh way vnti

i\iul l';»liiii. Till'

ia:icl slill ncitlicr

CO. Ill ihit r'uii-

oui r them : ami

contiiiuall watrli

rhc people nftliis

\\ : for ciii'ry (irr

i\s of »ilkc, wliii li

Ids arc aiHDinplcd

lircH amount vnto

vhich make Hi), in

lie of the city arc

lounlrey '• wlicrc-

labilr aiid line lo-

■cad and wine, and

p vpon an hill.

•ii lie man vnio ihc
I I remained in the
nher, will yon kop
, and direiled our
;i religions per-ioii
i;in I'rancu-, thai i>
\Mirld, and !•< ih'**
theielorc \oii niiiM
k', he mas -ay. tiiii
said reliiiiiius m:iii
ilile, and led n.c mi-
and lime apiieanil
said ureeiie stands j
nd tine shady tree-
\silh, as tht> vse In
iires ( r diners kimU
monkeys, and sonu
hercd theniselue^ i -
i themsriucs in p' "i!
"to cate. And wlifn
mrned vnto their I'or-
iiil of creatures ihisc
1(. here feed, l'< r llii'
■ nohh' in this lile, > '
lluT, hill thcsoult'il
i,h rreatnrcs. Tlu-ii 1
preuailc with him ;t.r
I \n>dy. From thenic
mtcined 40. tniles in
er 1 saw. and it is wtl
ih all kind* of vie tua'<
d'fhalav, whith where
[ of the land of Insi-
st cities in the wcrl'l.
Tliwc

Odoricus. TliAFMUUES, AND DI.SCOUEIUM.S.

Vw^p I>i«m!n.in>i are three of my spans hijrh, and they make larf^er and belter tlolh of cot-
ten and silkc, then any other n;ilion vndcr llic snnm- And coastin^rahmK by liie saide liiier,
I came vnto a ccrtaine citie named lan/.n, in which < itie there is one recej)tacle for the I'rier.siimu,
of our order, and there be aUo three Churches of ihe Xcstorians. This l:ni/n is a noble and
•rreatcilic, containing 48 Thnman of trihnlarle tiers, and in it aie all kiiidc-- of vicliials, and
Trreat plenty of such beasles, foules and lishes, as Chri^ians doe vsnally line vpon. The lord
of the same cilie hath in yeerelv renennes for salt onely, (iflie Thuinan of Halls, and oiu;
balls is worth a (lorcn anda halfe of our cnync : insoinnch that oneTluiman of balls .nnonnteth
vnto the value of fiftcene thousand llorens'. Howbeit the sayd lor.l fanomelh his people in
one respect, for sometimes he for^'incth them freely two hundred I'human, least llierc should
be anv scarcity or dearth among them. There is a custome in this cilic, that when any man is
detennine.l to banquet his friends, goinj; about vnto certaine tauerncs or cookes houses ap-
pointed for the same purpose, he >ayth vnto enery particular hoste, yon shall haiie such, and
such of my fricndes, wliom you niust interlainc in my name, and so nuK h 1 will bestowe
spoil the banquet. And by that ineancs his friendcs are better fe.xsted at diucrse jilaces, then
ihey should haue bcenc at one. Tenne miles from the sayde i itie, about llie head of the
foresjyd riuer of Thalay, there is a certaine other citie called Montu, wliiiii hath the "greatest
iiauy tl\at I saw in the whole world. .Ml their shipM are as wliite as snow, ami they haue
banqueiing houses in them, and many other rare things al.so/ which no man would beletuf,
vnlcssc he had scene them with his owiic eyes.

Of the citie of Cambaleth.

'fUaueilinj; eight dayes iouriicy further by diners territories and cities, at length I came
liv fresli water \ nto a certaine ciiio named l.eiicyn, standing vpon the riuer of * Karaiioran, Kn.imoron.
which runnetli tlu'onijh the midst of Calaie, and doetli gre.it harme in tlie coiiiitrey when it
ouerll'iweth the bankes, or lnval>eih fourth of the chaiieil. From thence passing along the
finer liisiwar.l, after manv d.iyi's Ir.iiiell, and tlu- siijlit of diners cities, I arriued at a citie
c.iil-.'d * Sum.ikoto, w!iicii abouiidclh more with «ilke then any othiT (itie in the world : for sumjcoio.
when there is grc.it siarcitie of silke, foriie pmmd i-.siiidlor lessc then eight groates. In
this I iiie there is abundance of all merchandize, and of .ill kindc.s of \icluals also, as cd"
lireail. wine, lle^h, li'h, witli all ciioisc .uul delicate s[)ices. Tlu'ii traueiling on still towards
the Ka-t l)v manv ciiies, 1 catne vnto the noble and renowiued citie of Ciinbaleih, which is
of greiit aniiijuitie, being situate in the proiiiin f of Catale. 'fliis cilie tlic faii.irs looke,
and ncere vnto it within the »p:u'e of halfe a mile, tiiey built anollier cilie called Caido. The
citie of (".lido hath twelue gates, being each of them two miles dist.iiit from another. -Mso
the spare Iviiigin the midst betweene the two foresayd ( itie> i«. \ery well and throughly in-
habited, ho that ihey in.ike .is it were but one citie between'.' them both, fhe whole com-
pa-se or ciri uit of both cities together, is II). milis. In this citie the great emperonr Can
hath W\> prim ipall scat, and his linperi.ill palace, the waU of which palace contaiiie lourc
miles ill circuit : and neere vnto this his |)alare are niiiiy other pal. ices and houses of his no-
bles which belong vnto his court. Within the preciiut; of the sa\d (lalai e Imperial!, there
is a most bcaiitifnil ni'iint, set and replenished with trees, for which cause it is called the
(ireciie mount, hailing a most royall a ul sumptiioiis palace -.tanding thereupon, in \Wii< li, for
the most part, the great Can is resident. \'j)on tlu- one siilc of the s.iyd mount there i- a great
lake, whereupon a most stateK bridge is built, inwhich Like is great abundance i>f geese,
ducks, and all kindes of water foiiles : and in t'le wood growing vpon the mount there i;*
great store of .ill birds, and wilde beasts. And therefore when the great ('an will solace
himsclfe with hunting or liaukiag, he needs not so much .is once to step forth of his palace.
Moreoiier, the principall palace, wherein he inaketh his abode, isvei\ l.irgc, hailing within
it 14 pillers of guide, and all the walles thereof are hanged with red skiniiex, which arc sa\d
to be the most costly skinnes in all the world. In the n\idst of tlie palace standes a cislerne
of two yard-' high, which consistcth of a pretious stone called Merdochas, and is wreathed
about with golde, & at cch corner thereof is the golden image of a serpent, as it were, fu-
riously

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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

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168

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricm.

■ /,!

• '

riously shaking and casting forth his head. Thi;; cisternc also hath a kind of networke of
pcarle wrought about it. Likewise by the sayd c'i>lernc there is driiike conucyed thorow ccr-
teine pipes and conducts, such as v.selh tu be clrinkc in the ciuju'rcrs court, vpon the which
also there hang many vessels of goldc, wlicrein, whdsoeuer will may drinkc of the sayd li-
cour. In the foresayd palace there are many peancks of golde : & when any Tartar makclh
a banquet vnto his lord, if the guests chance to clap their hands for ioy and mirth, the sayd
golden peacocks also will spread abroad their winj^s, and lift \ p their traines, seeming as if
they danced : and this I suppose to be done by arte magike or by some secret engine vnder
the ground.

Of the glory and magnificence of the great Can.

MOreouer, when the great emperor Can sittelh in his imperiall throne of estate, on his
left hand sitteth his qucene or emprcsse, and vpon another inferior seate there sit two other
women, which are to accompany the emperor, when his spouse i-i absent, but in the lowest
place of all, there sit all the Ladies of his kinred. All the maried women weare vpon their
heads a kind of ornament in shape like vnto a mans foote, of a cubile and a halfe in length,
and the lower part of the sayd foote is adorned with cranes feathers, and is all ouer thicke set
with great and orient pearles. Vpon the right hand of the great Can sittelh his first begotten
Sonne and heire apparent vnto his empire, and vnder him sit all the nobles of the blood
royall. There bee also foure Secretaries, which put all thin;;s in writing tiiat the emperor
speakelh. In whose presence likewise stand his Bnrons and diuers others of his nobililie,
with great traines of folowers after them, of whom none dare speake so much as one word,
vnlesse they haue obtained licence of the emperor so to doe, except his iesters and stagc-
pkiyers, who are appointed of purpose to solace their lord. Neither yet dare they attempt to
doe ought, but onely according to the plcisure of their emperor, and ashee enioinctli them
by lawe. About the palace gate stand certaine liarons to keepc all men from treadinu vpon
the threshold of the sayd gate. When it picaesth the great Can to solemnize a feast, he hath
about him 14000. Barons, earning wreathes & lille crownes vpon f!i"ir heads, and giuing at-
tendance vpon their lord, and euery one of them wearetli a giirmcPit of gold and precious
stones, which is woorlh ten thnu-and Florens. His court is kej)t in very g')od order, by go-
uernours of tens, gouernours of hundreds, and gnucrnoiirs of ihousamls, insomuch that
euery one in his place pcrfdrmeth his duciie committed vnto him, neither is there any delect
to bee found. 1 Frier Odnric iis was there pre.>^ent in jjcrson lor the space of three veeres,
and was often at the savd banquets ; for we friers Minorites haue a place of aboad .'ijjpointed
out for vs in the emperors court, and arc enioined to goc and to bestow our blcNsing vpon him.
And I enquired t)f certaine ('ourticrs concerning the number of persons pertaining to the
emperors court ? And they answered mee, that of stage-players, musicians, and such like,
there were cighteenc Thuman at the le.ist, and that the keepers of dogs, beasts and foulcs
were fifteene Thuman, and the physicians for the emperours bodv were foure hundred ; the
Christians also were eight in number, together with one Saracen. M mv being there, all
ihe fores.iyd number of persons had all kind of necessaries botii for a|)par('ll and victuals out
of the emperors court. Moreouer, when he will make his progresse from one conntrey to
another, hee hath foure troupes of horsemen, one being appointed to goe a dayes iourney
before, and another to come a daves iourney after him, the third to march on his right hand,
and the fourth on his left, in the mancr of a crosse, he himselfe being in the midst, ar.d so
euery particular troupe haue their daily iourneys limited vnto them, to the ende they may
prouide sufficient victuals without defect. Nowe the great Can himselfe is caricd in maner
following ; hee rideth in a chariot with two whecles, vpon which a maiesiicall throne is built
of the wood of Aloe, being adorned with gold and great pearles, and precious stones, and
foure elephants brauely furnished doe drawe the sayd chariot, before which elephants foure
great horses richly trapped and couercd doe lead the way. Hard by the chariot on both side^
thereof, are foure Barons laying hold and attending thereupon, to keepe all persons from ap-
proching neere vnto their emperour. Vpon the chariot also two milkc-whitc ler-falcons doc

Odoricun.

ictworke of
thorow ccr-
n the which
the sayil !•-
irtar inakcth
th, the sayd
ccniing as if
nginc vndcr

state, on hiii

sit two other

II the lowest

re vpon their

fe ill length,

uer tl)icke set

first begotten

of the blood

the emperor

his nobililic,

I as one word,

•rs and stagc-

lioy attempt to

nidinclii them

treadins vpon

feast, he hath

and giuing nf-

d and jirccimw

(irder, by go-

insnmiich lliat

lerc any defcit

if ihri-e yceres,

(load iijjpointcd

,>iing vpon him.

rtaining to the

and such like,

[■asfs and fonles

:• inindrcd ; the

lieiiig there, all

and victuals cut

inc roiintrey to

a davcs iourney

I his right hand,
e midst, ai'.d so

cnde they may
caricd in maner

II throne is built
lous stones, and

elephants foure

ot tin both sidc-i

[jersons from ap-

; Icr-lalcons doc

sit.

Odoricm.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

169

sit, and seeing any game which hee would take, hec letteth them flic, and so they take it,
and after this maner doeth hee solace himselfe as hee rideth. Moreouer, no man dare come
within a stones cast of the chariot, but such as are appointed. The number of his owne fol-
lowers, of his wiucs attendants, and of the traine of his first begotten sonne and heire appa-
rant, would scenie incredible vnto any man, vnlesse hee had scene it with his owne eyes.
The'forosayd great Can hath dcuided his Empire into twelne partes or Proiiinces, and one of
the sayd prounues hath two thousand great cities within the precincts thereof. Whereupon
his cn'ipire is of that length and breadth, that vnto whatsoener part thereof he intendeth his
iournv, he hatli space enough for si,\ moncths continual progresse, except his Islands which
arc at the least .WlJO.

or cerlaine Innes or hospitals appointed for trauailers throughout the whole empire.

Tile fore-iavd Emperor (to the end that trauailers may haue all things necessary throughout
his whole empire) h ith caused certaine Innes to be pronided in sundry places vpon the high
waves, where all things pertaining vnto victuals are in a continuall readinesse. And when
any alteration or ncwes happen in any part of his Empire, if he chance to be farrc absent
fnim that part, his ambassadors vjion horses or dromedaries ride post vnto him, and when
thcmselues and their beasts are weary, they blow their home, at the noise whereof, the next
Innc likewise pnniidrth a horse and a man, who takes the letter of him that is weary, and
runneth vnto anofluT Innc : and so by diners Innes, and diners postes, the report, which or-
dinarily could skarce come in '30. dayes, is in one natnrall day brought vnto the emperor : and
therefore no matter of any moment can be done in his empire, but straightway he hath in-
telligence thereof. Moreouer, when ^ great Can himselfe will goon hunting, he vseth this
( iistomc. Some twenlv dayes iourney from the cilie of Kambaleth there is a forrest contain-
ing sixe dayes iourney in circuit, in which forrest there are so many kinds of beasts and birds,
as it is incredible to report. Vnto this forrest, at the ende of euery third or fourth yeere,
himselfe with his whole traine resorteth, and they all of them together cnuiron the sayd for-
rest, sending dogs into the same, which by hunting do bring foorth the beasts: namely, lions
and stags, and other creatures, vnto a most beantifull plaine in the midst of the forrest, be-
cause all the beasts of the forrest doe tremble, especially at the cry of hounds. Then com-
mcth the great Can himselfe, being caried vpon three elephants, and shooteth fine arrowes
into the whole herd of beasts, and after him all his Barons, and after them the rest of his
courtiers and family doe all in like maner discharge their arrowes also, and euery mans arrow
hath a sundry inarke. Then they all goe vnto the beasts which are slaine (suflTering the liuing
beasts to returne into \\>r wood that they may haue more sport with them another time) and
euery man enioyelh that beast as his owne, wherein he findeth his arrow sticking.

Of the foure feasts which the great Can solemnizeth etiery yeere in his Court.

FOure great feasts in a yeere doeth the emperor Can celebrate: namely the feast of his
birth, the feast of his circumcision, the feast of his coronation, and the feast of his mariage.
.\nd vnto these feasts he inuileth all his Barons, his stage-plavers, and all such as are of his
kinrcd. Then the great Can >itting in his throne, all his Barons present themselues before
him, with wreaths and crownes vpon their heads, being diuersly attired, for some of them
are in greene, namely, the principall: the second are in red, and the third in yellow, and
they hold each man in his hand a little luorie table of elephants tooth, and they are girt
with golden girdles of haife a foote broad, and thev stand vpon their feete keeping silence.
.\bout them stand the stage-p'ayers or musicians with their instruments. And in one of the
corners of a certaine great pallace, all the Philosophers or Magicians remaine for certaine
bowers, and doe attend vpon points or characters: and when the point and hower which
the sayd Philosojihers expected for, is come, a certaine crier crieth out with a loud voyce,
saying, Incline or bowe your seines before vour F.mperour: with that all the Barons fall flat
vpon the earth. Then hee crieth out againe; .Arise all, and immediately they all arise.
Likewise the Philosophers attend vpon a point or character the second time, and when it is

vol.. II. Z fulfilled,

! »

l?0

VOYAGRS, NAUIGATIONS,

Odoricm.

5 rr

■1^

Hii rpturnp
Wcnwird.

Catan.

AjUjIlod, the crier rricth out ainaine; I'm your lingers in your earcs: and foorthwith againc
he saieth; I'lurkc them out. Againc, at the tliird |M)inl he crielh, Itoult lliis niealc. Many
other circumstances also doc they pcrlbrme, all which they say haue some ccrtaiiic Mii;nifica-
tioo: howbcit, neither would I write them, nor niuc any lucd vnio them, hecausc they arc
vaine and ridiculous. And when the musicians liowcr is come, then the Philosophers' snv.
Solemnize a least vnto your Lord: with that all of them sound their instrument.s, makin;; n
great and a melodious noysc. And immediately another crielh, Peace, jjcace, and they are
all wluHl. Then come the women-musicians and sing sweetly before the I'lmperour, which
musikc was more delightrull vnto mc. After them come in the lions and doc their obei-
sance vnto the great Can. Then the iuglcrs cause golden cups full of wine to flic vp and
downc in the avre, and to apply themsehies vnto mens moulhes that they inav drinke of
them. These and manv other strange things I sawe in the court of the i;rcat Can. wliich
no man would Ik-Iccuc vnle,*ie he had seen them with his owne cies, nod llicrefore I omir
to s])eake of tliem. I was informed also by certaine credible persons, of another mira-
culous thing, namely, that in a certaine kingdonie of the sayd C'aii, wherein stand
Aiambeina *''* mouutaiiw called Kai>sei (the kingdomes name is Kalor) there growe great Cjounls or
SDuiJ. Pompions, which iK-ing ripe, doe open at the tops, and within them is found a little bea'it

like vnto a yong lambe, eueu as I my selfe haue heard reported, that tiicre stand cer-
taine trees vpon the shore of tl»e Irish sea, bearing fruit like vnto a gourd, wliich, at a cci-
taine time of the yeere doe fall into the water, and become birds called Bernac les, and this
is most true.

Of diucrs prouinces and cities.

ANd after three veeres I departed out of the empire of Cataie, trauailing fifiie dayes ioiir-
ney towards the West. And at length I came vnto the empire of Preiegoani, whose princi-
pal! citie is Kosan, which hath many other cities vnder it. From thence passing manv daves
trauell, I came vnto a prouince called Casan, which is for good commodities, one of (he
onely prouinces voder the Stume, and is very well inhabited, insomuch that when we depart
out of the gates of one city we may beholde the gates of another city, as I my sclfe saw in
diuers of them. The b.-'-atlth of the sayd prouince is (ifty dayes iourncy, X- liie lengtli
aboue sixty. In it there is great plenty of all victuals, and especially of chcsnuts, and it is
one of the twelue prmiinces of the great Can. (loing on further, I came vnto a certaine
(Or, Tkfbet. kingdoiae called || Tebek, which is in subieciion vnto the great Can also, wherein 1 ihinkc
there is more plenty of bread & wine then in any other j)art of the world besides. The
people of the sayd counlrey do, for the most part, inhabit in tents made of blacke fell.
Their principall city is inuironed with faire and beautiful! walle.s, being built of moMt white
and blacke stones, which are disjjosed chekerwise one by aiu/lher, and curiously com)>ileil
together; likewise all the high waves in this comitrey are exceedingly well paued. In tin-
sayd countrey none dare sbetl the bloud of a man, or of any beast, for the rcuerence of a
certaine idole. In the foresayd city their Abassi, that is to say, their Pope is resident, be-
ing the head and prince of all idolaters (vpon whom he bestoweth and di<<tril)uteth gifts after
his maner) euen as our pope of Rome accounts hiinselfc to be the head of all ChrLsiians.
The women of this countrey wcare aboue an hundreth tricks and trifles about them, and they
haue two teeth in their mouthcs as long as the tushes of a boare. When any mans father
dcceaseth among them, his sonne as.scmbleth together all the priests and iiiusicians that he
can get, saying that he is determined to honour his father: then causeth he hiin to be carici!
into the field (all his kinsfolks, frietvds, and neighliours, accompanying him in the .sayd
action) where the priest;* with great solemnity cut oil' the fathers head, giuing it vnio his
Sonne, which being done, they diuide the whole body into morsels, ami so leaue it behindc
them, returning home with prayers in the company of the sayd sonne. So soone as they
are departed, certaine vultures, winch are accustomed to such bankets, come flying from the
mouniaines, and cary away all the sayd moisels of flesh: and from thenceforth a fame is
spread abroad, that the sayd party deceased was holy, because the angels of God carried him

into

''^aHf

Odoricui.

rith againc
lie. Many
c si(;ni(ica-
e tiicy arc
iplicrH say,

niakiiij; a
id they are
•our, which
their obci-
fiic v|> and

drinko of
Can, which
iforc I omit
other mira-
creiii stand
it CjourJs or
tilth; l>east
; stand icr-
h, at a cer-
es, and this

e daycs iour-
vhose princi-
r many dayes
one of the
en wc depart
selfe saw in
: tiie lenjjtli
lUts, and it is
iito a certaine
erein 1 ihinke
liesides. The
if blaikc felt.
)f most white
nsiy compiled
;uied. In liu-
cuercnte of a
i resident, bc-
teth nit'-* af'i-'''
all Christ ians.
hem, and they
y mans father
isicians that he
m to be cariei!
im in the sayd
ing it vnto his
:auc it behindc
I soonc as they
Hyini; from the
forth a fame is
iod carried him
into

Odoricus.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

171

into paradise. And this is the greatest and highest honour, that the soniie can deuise to ,j.^^ ^^^^^
performc vnto his deceased father. Then the sayd sonne taketh his fathers head, seething it concerning the
and eating the (Icsh thereof, but of the skull he makes a drinking cup, wherein himselfe with '"J[ w^JjJ^^'J
ail his family and kinred do drinke with great solemnity and mirth, in the remembrance of Rubheii.
his dead and deuoured father. Many other vile and abominable things doth the sayd nation
commit, which I meanr not to write, because men neither can nor will bclceue, except they
should hiiuc the sight of them.

Of a ccrtaine rich man, who is fed and noiiri.shcd by fiftic virgins.

Wllile I was in the pronincc of Mancy, I passed by the palace of a certaine famous man,
which hath fifty virgin damosels continually attending vpon him, feeding him eucry meale,
as a bird feeds her yoong ones. Also he hath simdry kindes of meat serued in at his table,
and three dishes of ech kindc: and when the sayd virgins feed him, they sing most sweetly.
Tliis man hath in \eercly rcucnues thirty thiiman of tagars of rise, cuery of which thuman
yeeldeth tcnnc tliousand tagars, and one tagar is the burthen of an assc. His palace is two
miles in circuit, the pauenient whereof is one plate of golde, and another of siluer. Neerc
vnto the w.dl of the snyd palace there is a mount artificially wrongfht with golde and siluer,
whereupon stand turrets and steeples and other delectable things for the solace and recrea-
tion of the foresayd great man. And it was tolde me that there were foure such men in the
sayd kingdoms. It is accounted a great grace for the men of that countrey to haue long LontaaUes.
nailes vpon their lingers, and especially vpon their thumbes, which nailes they may folde
about their hands ; but the grace and beauty of their women is to haue small and slender
feel : and therefore the mothers when their daughters are yoong, do binde vp their feet,
that they may not grow great. Tranelling on further towards the South, I arriued at a ccr-
taine countrey called Melistorie, which is a pleasant and fertile place. And in this countrey Meiiitotte.
there w.is a certeine aged man railed Scnex de monte, who round about two mountaines had
built a wall to inclose the sayd mountaines. Within this wall there were the fairest and mofit
chrystnll fotmtaincs in the whole world: and about the sayd fountaines there were most beau-
tifull virgins in great number, and goodly horses also, and in a word, eucry thing that could
be deuised for bodily solace and delight, and therefore the inhabitants of the countrey call
the .same place by the name of Paradise.

The sayd olde Sencx, when he .saw any proper and valiant yoong man, he would admit
him iiito his paradise. Moreouer by certaine conducts he makes wine and milke to flow
abundantly. This Senex, when he hath a minde to reuenge himselfe or to slay any king or
baron, commandcth him that is gouernor of the sayd paradise, to bring thereunto some of
the acquaintance of the sayd king or baron, permitting him a while to take his pleasure
therein, and then to giue him a certaine potion being of force, to ca.st him into
such a slumber as shonid make him quite voide of all sense, and so being in a profound
sleepe to eonney him out of his paradise : who being awaked, & seeing himselfe thrust out
of the paradise would become so sorowfull, that he could not in the world deuise what to
do, or whither to turne him. Then would he goc vnto the foresaid old man, beseeching
him that he might be admitted againe into his paradise: who saith vnto him. You cannot be
admitted thither, vnlesse you will slay such or such a man for my sake, and if you will giue
the attempt onely, whether you kill him or no, I will place you againe in paradise, that
there you may remaine alwayes: then would the party without laile put the same in execu-
tion, indeuouring to murther all those against whom the sayd olde man had conceiued any
hatred. And therefore all the kings of the east stood in awe of the sayd olde man, and
gaue vnto him great tribute.

Of the death of Senex de monte.

And when the Tartars had subdued a great part of the world, they came vnto the sayd
olde man, and tooke from him the custo<ly of his jjaradisc: who being incensed thereat, sent
abroad diners desperate and resolute persons out of his furcnamcd paradise, and caused many

Z a of

f. ill

i.'4

178

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Odoricus.

' 1 1

I r <-

4. ii'

^? !

of the Tartarian noble* to be slaine. The Tartars sccinj; thin, went anil bosicjjed the citv
wherein the >iai(l oleic man was tookc iiini, ami put hi.ii to a most rriiell ami ignominions
death. The friers in that place banc this speciall jjii't and prerotjaiiue: namely, that by the
vcrtiic of the name of Christ lesii, and in the venue of his j)rttious bloud, which he shcdde
vpon the crosse for the saltiation of niankinde, they doe east foorth deiiils out of them that
are possessed. And because there are many possessed men in those parts, thev are buinu!
and brousrht ten dayes iournev \nto tlie sayd friers, who beini; dispossessed of the vncleane
spirits, do presently beleeue in Christ who deliiiered them, aicountinj" him for their (iod,
andbcinj; baptised in his name, and also deliueriii}; immcdiatly \nto tlie friers all their idols,
and tlv idols of their cattell, which are commonly made of felt or of womens haire; then
the savd friers kindle a lire in a |)ublike place (whereinilo the people resort, that tliev may
sec the false jjods of their neighbors Inirnt) and cast the sayd idols llu'reinfo: howbeit at
the first those idols came out of llie lire a;i;,iiiie. Then the friers sprinkled the savd (ire
with holv water, castin*; the idols into it the second time, and with that the deuils (led in the
likencsse of lilacke smoake, anil tlie idols still remained till they were inn^nmed vnio ashes,
Afterw,ird, this noise & outcrv was heard in the ayre: Heholde and see how 1 ani ex|)ellcd
out of my habitation. And by these meanes the friers doe baptise ureat multitudes, w o
presently reuolt ajjaine vnto their iiloN: insomuch that the sayd friers must eftsixnifs, as it
were, Miderprop them, and infurme them anew. There was another terrible thinj; which I
saw there: for passing by a eerlaine valley, which is siiuale beside a pleasant riuer, I saw
many dead bodies, and in the sayd valley also 1 hcird diners sweet soini:ls and harmonies of
musike, especially the noise of citherns, whereat I was greatly ama/ed. 'I'his valley coii-
teineth in length seucn or eight miles at the le.ist, into the which wh> soener entreth, dieth
presently, and can by no meanes passe aliiie thorow the middcst thereof: for which cause all
the inhabitants ihereahont decline vnto the one side, Moreoner, I was templed to go in,
and to see what it was. At length, making my prnvers, and rccomniending niv •.elfe to God
in the name of lesu, I entred, and saw such sw.irines of dead bodies there, as no man would
beleeue vnlcssc he were an eve wilnesse thereof. At the one side of the fore>.a\d valley vpon
a certaine stone, 1 saw the visage of a man, which beheld me with such a terrible aspect, thai
I thought verilv I should liaiio died in the same |d.ice. Hut alwayes this sentence, the word
became (le^h, and dwelt amongst \s, I ceased not to pronounce, signing my selfe with the
signc of the crosse, and neerer then seucn or eight jiase- 1 durst not approch vnio the s,ii(i
head : but I departed tV- fled vnto another place in the sayd valley, ascending vp into a Utile
saiule monntaine, where looking round about, I saw nothing but the savd citherns, which nu
thought I heard miracnlousK sounding and playing by themselues without the heipe of mu-
sicians. And being vpon the toppe of the mountaine, 1 fomul siluer there like the scales oi
(ishes in great abuiulaiice: and I gathered some part thereof into mv bosome to shew for a
wonder, but my conscience rebuking me, I cast it \ pon the earth, reserning no whit al all vnto
my selfe, and so, by Gods grace I departed without danger. And when the men of the coini-
trey knew that I was returned out of the valley aline, they reuerenced me much, sa\ in.; th:it 1
was b.iptised and holv, and that the foresavd bodies were men subiect vnto the deiiiU iiiiirnall,
who vsed to play vpon citherns, to the end they might allure people to enter, and so muriher
them. Thus much eonceriiing those things which I bei "'d most cerfainely with mine eye-.
t frier Odoricus haue heere written : many strange things also I haiieof purpose omitted, be-
cause men will not beleeue them \nlesse they should see them.

Of the honour and reuerencc done vnto the great Can.

I Will report one thing more, which I saw, coneerniiig the great Can. It is an vsuall itis-
tomein those parts, that when the fors:ivd Can trancleth thorow anv conntrev, his siibiects
kindle fires before tlieirdoores, casting spices thereinto to make a perfumi', that their lord pass-
ing by may smell the sweet and delectable odours thereof,and much people come forth to meet
him. And vpon a certaine time when he w;is commiiig towardes Cambalcth, the fame of his
approch being published, a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorlte friers and my selfe

went

all

fe<

nil

a I

V'i\i 1

J»l

Odoricug.

(1 the city

nominioiH

lat l)v tlie

lu" slicddi"

ll)cm tliat

arc Ixiiiiul

c" vnclcanc

ihfir (>otl.

tlu'ir idols,

laire: tlu-n

I tlu-y iiiiiy

liowhcit al

• savd (ire

lied in tin-

vnio ashes,

in fxprllcd

tildes, w ,(>

mollis, as it

njj which I

riucr, I saw

arinoiiics of

vallcv con-

itreth, diilh

ih cause ail

fd to jjo ill,

-(•He to Gcd

man would

1 valley vpon

• aspect, thai

ce, the word

(•He with the

Mito liie said

p into a little

•US, which nic

heipe (if niii-

ihe scales ol

to shew lor ;i

hit al all v!il(.

1 ol the coiiii-

I, sa\ in:; that i

•iiiU inicrn:dl.

id so iiiuriiier

ill mine eyes.

e (iiniticd, be-

an vsiiall ciis-
*', his siibiect>-
iheir lord pass-
L- forth lomeci
he fainc of his
j anil my scllc
went

Odoricus,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

173

went two dayes iourney to meet him ; and being come nigh vnto him, we put a crossevpon
womi, I my sclfe hauing a censer in my hand, and began to sing with a loud voice: Veni
creator spiritus. And as wc were singing on this wise, he caused vs to be called, command-
ing vs to come vnto him : notwithstanding (as it is aboue mentioned) that no man dareap-
proch within a stones cast of his chariot, vnlesse he be called, but such onely as kecpe his
chariot. And when we came neere vnto him, he vailed his hat or bonet being of an inesti-
mable price, doing rcuerence vnto the crossc. And imincdiatly I put incense into the cen-
ser, and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him, and gauc him his benediction. More-
ouer, ihcy that coinc before the sayd Can do alwaycs bring some oblation to present vnto
him, obscruing the antient law : Thou shalt not appeare in my presence with an empty hand.
And for thai cause we carried apples with vs, and oflcrcd them in a platter with rcuerence
vnto him : and taking out two of them he did eat some part of one. And then he signified
vnto vs, that wc should go apart, least the horses coinming on might in ought offend vs. With
that we departed from him, and turned aside, going vnto certaine of his barons, which had
bene conuerted to the faith by certaine friers of our order, being at the same time in his
army : and we ollercd vnto ihem of the forcsavd apples, who receiued them at our hands with
great iov, seeming vnto vs to be as glad, as if we had giuen them some great gift.

All tiie i)remisses abouewriiten frier William dc Solanga hath putdowne in writing eucn a*
the foresayd frier Odoricus vltercd them by word of mouth, in the yeere of our Lord \3',iO.
in the moneth of May, and in the place of S, Anthony of Padua. Neither did he rigard
to write them in dillicult l.atinc or in an eloquent stile, but euen as Odoricus hiinsclfe re-
hearsed them, to the end that men might the more easily vndcrstand the things reported.
I frier Odoricus of Triiili, of ,i 'crtainc territory called Portiis Vahonis, and of the order of
the minoriles, do tcstilie and be.ire witnesse vnto the reuerend father <-"'dotus minister of the
proiiiiicc of S, Anthony, in the marcpiesate of Treuiso (being by him required vpon mine obe-
dience so to doe) that all llie premisses aboue written, eilher I saw with mine owiie eyes, or
heard the same reported by credible and substantial! persons. The common report also of
the countreycs where I was, testifieth those things, which I saw, to be true. Many other
things I haiie omitted, because I beheld them not with mine owne eyes. Howbeil from day
to day I purpose with my scKe to trauell countreyes or lands, in which action I dispose my-
selle to die or to line, as it shall please my God.

Of the death of frier (Xloricus.

IN' the yecre therefore of our Lord IS.'Jl the foresayd frier Odoricus preparing himselfe
for the perlorniaiice of his intended iourney, that his trauel and labour might be to greater
purpose, he determined to present himselfe vnto Pope lohn the two and twentieth, whose
lienedictioii and obedience being receiued, he with a certaine number of friers willing to
beare him company, miuht conuey himselfe vnto all the countreves of infidels. And as he
was traiielling towards the pope, and not farre distant from the city of Pisa, there meets him
by the way a certaine olde man, in the habit and attire of a pilgrime, saluting him bv name,
and saying: All haile frier Odoricus. And when the frier demaiinded how he liad knowledge
of him : he answered : Whilest you were in India I knew you full well, yea, and I knew your
h(dy jMirpose also : but see that you relume immediatly vnto the coiien from whence you came,
for tenne dayes hence you shall depart out <if this present worLl Wherefore being astonished
and amazed at these wordes (especially the <dde man vanishing out of his sight, prescnilv
after he had spoken them) he determined to returnc. .-Vnd so he returned in perfect health,
feelinu; no cra/edncsse nor inlirmity of body. And being in his coiien at Vdene in the pro-
iiince of P.ulua, the tenth day after the foresayd vision, hailing receiued the Communion,
and (inparing him.selfe vnto God, yea, being strong and sound of body, hee happily rested
in the Lord ; whose sacred departure was sionilicd vnto the Pope aforesaid, vnder the hand
of the ])ublique notary in these words following.

In the yeere of our Lord \:i',i\, the l-i. day of lanuarie, Beatus Odoricus a l-'ricr minoritc

flftea^eiJ

k I

V\l

1, I

! ii •* i

17»

In (i.f I^ifl'.r
.tl-J>j,Jihr
•li:-.'.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Matt. Goumcfi

(Irre.i^rd in Chri.st, at mIuxjc prayorx (iod shewrd many and sundry miraclcfi, which I Giic-
ti-liifi |)iibli(]uc notarir nl' \ \\\v.\, soiuir of M Damianiw de I'ortn Gruaro, at the commiindr-
incnt und (lirrctioii of tlio liononihk- ConraduM of the liorough nrGamaldiui), and one of the
(.'(uinrcll of Vtinn, liniir written :i till' I riiTK niiiiuriti-s : iiowbcit not of all, becnuM they are iniiumcrahle, and loodiHicult
I'iir inc 1(1 write.

The voyage of Malthrw (ionriiry, a ino'if valiant F,iij»li(ih Kni>;ht, aj^ainst tlic Moorc«
of A1;;irr in H^rbaric and Spainc. M. Camden pag. I;V.>.

N'Kc i.u'endtini M.ittlia'tim Ciournry in oppidn (juodam, Milf;ari lingua Siokc vnder Hamdcii
in eoinit.itu Somerseti'iiHi ;ippellai\ sopultum Jiwe, viriim bellicot*i«)imuni rcKnantc Ed^.trdo
tertio: (|ui D*i. statii anno diiin i>l>init, rum (vt ex iniirriptinnc vidrre liciiil) nbHidioni
d' Alj;i<ier eontra Sanminw, pra'lij>.Bcnama/,in, Sclnsensi, Crcisiaco, Innenox, rictauiensi, k
Nazaraiit) in Hi-|)ania diniicu^^'ct.

The Mtne in English.

IT i^liv no nioaiios to he pai'iod oner in silonrr, that Matthew Gourney, being a most va-
liant warrioiir in llic rcignc of Edward the third, Iveth buried at a cerlaine townc, in the rountie
oC Somerset, roninii>nl\ i ailed Stoke \nder liaimlen : who deceased in the UG. ycare of hit
:i^e; and that (as it is niaiiirot by the inscription of his tnnntiment) alter he lud valiantly
liehaned hiin^ell'e at tlu' >-ie^e nf Ali^izer against the Sara/ens, and at the battailcs of Bciiiinia-
/,in, «r Sliue, of C'resjiie, of ln<;eni>s, of I'oiclou, and of Na/aran in Spainc.

The cmnining of Eyon Kin>; of Armenia into England, in the yeerc IH86, and in
the ninth yeerc of Hichard the >e(dnd, in trust to (inde some meaiies oi' peace
or tjfiod asreetiuiit betwecnc the King of England and the French king. lohn
Eroyssart lib, .'f cap. .j(i.

Tllns ill abiiliiig for the Dnke of Herrie, and for the Constable, who were behind, then
kin^ Lynn of Armenia, vtho was In Eranee, and had assigned him by the king, sixe lh(iu.sande
Ihiiikcs bv the ycarc to maintaine his estate, tooke vpon him for a good intent to goe inii)
I'liglaiul to speake with the kin^ tiiere and his Coimcell, to •see if he might linde any matter
of peace to be li.id, Ixiweenc tlie two He.ilmes, England and France: And so he departed from
his I dgitii,' ofS.iiiil .Mbevnc beside Saint Denice, alonely wiih his owne company, and with
no great appareil. So he rode to lioloine, and there he tooke a shippe, and so sayled foorth
till he ( aine to Doner ; and there he found the Earle of Cambridge, and the I'^rlc of Hiicking-
ham, ami nioc then a hiindreth men o( amies, and a two thousand Archers, who lay there to
keepr that pa>^:\gc, for the brute ran, that the Frenchmen should lande there oral Sandwich,
and the kinj; l.i) at London, and parted' his C.iunccil with him, and d;''!. heanl tydings from
all the I'ortes of England. When the king of Armenia was arriiied . ''oner, he had there
j^ood clieere, because he was a stranger, and so he came to the kings vml? liiere, who .sweetly
recciued him, iind at a time connenienl, they demaiinded of him from v. Iicnce he came and
whither he would. The king answered and savd, that in trn>.tof goodnesse he was come thi-
ther to see tlie king of lingland, and his Councell. to treate of peace betwecnc England and
France, I'orhesaiiic that bethought the warrcwas not nieele: fi.rhe sayd, by reason ofwarre
betweene these two Healmes, wiiich haih imhired so long, the Saracens, lewes & Turkes arc
waNCil proiide, fcr there is none that make them anv warre, and by occasicm therctif I haue
lo«t my I iiul and Ucalmc, and am not like to recoucr them againe without there were Wrnie
peace in ail Chrisfendome : eV I would gl.iilly shew the matter that touchcthall Chrislendoine
to the kill!:; of England, and to his Councell, as I haue done to the French king. Then the
kings \'ni losdemaundcd of him if the French king sent him thither or no; he answered and
-ayd, no: there is no man that sent mce, but I am come hither by mine owne mulioii to see if
the king of llnglan 1 & his Councel would any thing leane to any treaty of peace, then was
he dcmaundcd where the French king was, he answered I belecuc he be at Slucc, I sawc not

him

I ' ,

' *'.''

Gournci/

lirh I Guc-
:flinmanclc-
one of thr
pie ihercof
loo diflicull

Aoorc*

ler Ilamdcii
re tJ*».iriiw
I) nbHidioni
ctauiensi, tc

jj a most sii-
II the coiintif
ycjrc of Wit
U(l valiantly
8 of Uciiitnu-

and ill
' peace
5. lohn

boliiiid, tlicn
\c ihounande
t to goc inti)
le any matter
jcpartcd frcin
my, and wiili
say led foorili
le (if Biu kiiiR-
I lay there to
rat Sandwich,
lydings from

he had there
;, who sweetly
i> he came and
wan ciimc thi-
; England and
cason of warre

& Tiirkes are
thereof 1 hane
re were firiiie
Chrisieiidoiin"
ijr. Then the
! answered and
lotion to see ii
cace, then was
itc, I sawe not
him

Hie K. of Ann.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DBCOUERIES.

ili}

him sithcncc I tooke my leaiie of him at Senlize. Then he was dematinded, howe he could
make any ircafic of peace, and had no charge so to doe, and Sir, if yee be conueycd to the
King our Nephew and to his Connscll, and the French king in the ineane season enter with
his puissance into England ; vee may happe thereby to receiue great blame, and yourpenion
to be in great ieoperdy with them of the Countrey. Then the King answered and said, I am
in suretie of the French king, for I hauesent to him, desiring him till 1 rcturne againe, not
to remoue from Since, and ! repute him so noble and so well aduised, that he will graunt my
desire, and that hee will not enter into the sea, till 1 come againe to him. Wherefore, sirs, 'l
pray you in the instance of loue and peace, to conuey me to spcakc with the King, for I de-
sire greatly to see him : or else yee that be his Vnclc«, if ye haue authoritie, to giue me an-
swere to all my demaunds. Then the Earle of Buckingham sayd, syr king of Armenia, we be
ordayned hereto keepc and defend this patwrge, and the frontiers of England, by the King and
his Counsell, and wee haue no chaise to meddle any further with the businesse of the Realme,
without we be otherwise commanded by the King. But sith ye be come for a good intent
into this Counirey, ye be right welcome; but sir, as for any (irme answere ye can haue none
of vs, for as now we be not of the Councell, bur wc shall conuey you to the king without
pcrill or danger. The king thanked them, and said: I desire nothing else but to see the king
and tospeakc with him.

How the King of Armenia returned out of England, and of the nnswcrc that was

made to him.

WHen the king of Armenia wa< refreshed at Doner a day, and had spoken with the kings
ViicliN .If good leasurc, then he departed towards London, with a good conduct that the Lord«
.ippointed to him, for feare of any recounters: so long he rode that he came to London, and
in his ryding through London he was well regarded, because he was a stranger, and he had
good theare made him, and so Wiis brought to the king, who lay at the Roy.iU at the Quecnes
wardrobe, and his Councell were in London at their lodgings: The Londoners were sore for-
tefying of their citie. When the comming of the king of Armenia was knowen, the kings
Councell drew to the King to heare what tydings the King brought in that troublous season:
Wiien the king of Armenia was come into the kings presence, he made his salutation and then
beganne his processe to the states, how he was come out of France principally to see the
king of England who he had ncuer seme before, ik said, how he was right ioyous to be in
his presence, trusting that some goodnMse might come thereby. And there he shewed by
his woi-ds, that to withstande the great pestilence that was likely to be in England ; therefore
he was come of his ownc go<id will to doe good therein if he might, not wnt from the French
king, willing to set some arcordc and peace betweene the two Realmes England and France.
Many faire plea>ia!it words the king of .\rmenia spake to the king of England, and to his Coun-
sell, then he was shortly answered thus: Syr king, ye be welcome into this Realme, for the
king our Soueraigne loni, and all we are glad to see you here, but sir, we say that the king
hath not here all his Councell, but shortly they shall be here, and then ye shall be answered.
The king of Armenia was content therewith, and so returned to his Imlging. Within foure
dayes after the king was counselled (and 1 thinke he had sent to his Vncles to know their
intents, but they were not present at the answere giuing) to goe to the pallace at Westminster
and his Councell with him, such as were about him, and to send for the king of Armenia to
come thither. .And when he was come into the presence of the king of England and his
Councell, the king sate downe, and the king of Armenia by him, and then the Prelates and
other of his Councell. There the king of Armenia rehearsed .njjaine his requestes that he
made, and also shewed wisely how all Christendomc was .sore decayed and fieblished by oc-
casion of the warres betweene England and France. And how that all the knights and Squires
of both Realmes entended nothing else, but alwayes to be on the one part or of the other :
whereby the Empire of Coivstantinnple leeseth, aiid is like to leesc; for before this warre the
Knights and Squires were wont to aduenture themselues. And also the king of Armenia
shewed that by occasion of this warre he had lost his Realme of Armenia, therefore he de-
sired

i:r.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

lIoH. E. of Derbii.

\i I

,Uf

J •

ei '

•! >!

>irpil for C((hU Kikc that there m\^\ \w some treaty of peace had bctweene the two Rcahius
KmjjImiuI :iiuI I'ranrr. To tlirsc wordes answered the ArchbUhop of Canterburie, (or he had
iliarsje so to doe; And hes.iyd, Sir kin^ of Armenia, it is not the manner nor neuer waw scene
bi'lweene two such enemies as the kinj; of England and the French kinjf, that the King mv
Soiioriinne h)rde slmiild be required of peace, and he to enter his land with a puissant army,
wherefore --ir, wc sav toyoii, that it it please you, ye may returne to the French kinjj, and
(•nn>e him anil ;dl his puissance to relume l)acke into their owne countreys, And when euery
man beat home, tl\cn if it please you ye may returne againe hither, and then we shall glaJIv
intende to vour trealie.

This wwi all the answere the kinj; of Armenia could pet there, and so he dined with th«'
kin.<> of I'.nxland, and had .1« ^reat honour as could beedeuised, and the kin^ oll'ered him m.v
nv ureal ijifts of ^oldc and >iiluer, but he would take none though he had needc thereof, bui
nloneU a rin;; to the Naluc nl a hinidrelh Frankes. After dinner he tooke his leaue and return-
ed vnlii his lodcin;;, and the next day departed, and was two days at Doner, and there he
tooke his leaue of such lords as were there, and so tooke the sea in a passajrcr, and arriued at
(,'alais and from thence \\ent to Since, and there he spake with the French kin<,' aiul with hik
\nclcs, and shewed them how he had bene in Fn)>land, and what answere he had : the
I'renrh kiuij and his X'ndes tooke no renard of his sayin;i, but sent him backe ajiaine into
I'rinre, for their lull intention w.is lo enter into Fn<;land as soone as thev mi){ht haue
winde and weallur, and the Duke of Herrie and the Constable came to them: The winde wa>
sore contrary to them, for therewith they could neucr enter into Fngland but the winde was
i,'0(kI to poe into Scotland.

The voyage ofllciirie Karle of Derbie, after Duke of Hereford, and lastly Henry
the fourth kinj; of Ivn^iland, to Tiniis in Harbarie, with an army of Fni;li«hiiien
written by I'olidore Virj;ill. paj;. I,'{8!(.

FKanci interim per inducias nacli otium, ac .simul Getiiiensium precibiis def.itigati, bellut'.
in Afnx, cjui omnem orain insul.'i-i(]ue Italia; latrocinijs infestas reddebant, suscipiunt, Ilith-
ardu-> quoipie rex An^li^e ropaius auxilium, miitit ilenricinn coinitem Derbiensein cum
electa Anpiic.T pubis manu ad id belhnn faciendum. Ij^itur Franci Anglique viribus & ani-
niis consociatis in Africa traijciuiii, qui \bi littus attiperc, eatenus a liarbaris descesione pro-
bibiti sunt, (|Uoad Ani;lonnn sagittariorum virtutc factum est, vt adiius paleret: in terram
ej-ressi recta Tunelam vrbem rej;iam petunt, ac obsident. Barbari tiinore all'ectide pace ad cos
le;:atos mittuni, quam nostrls dare plarnit, vt soluta rerta pecunin* summa ab omni deinceps
Ilaliie, (ialli.eqne ora manus absiinerent. Ita peracti>t rebus post paucos menses, quAm eo
itiui) erat, domuin repediatum est.

Tho same in English.

Tile French in the meane se.isnn hauing gotten some leasiire by meanes of their truce, and
being sollitiied and \rged by the intreaties of the Cicnur)is \ndertooke towage warre against
(he Moores, wlio robbed and s|)oyled all the coasts rd' Italy, and of the llandes adiacenl.
Likewise Richard the second, king of England, being sued \ nto for ayde, sent Henry the Karle
"I Derbie with a choice armie of English souldiers vnto the same warfare. Wherefore the
Ijiglish and French, with forces and mindes vniled, sayled oner into Africa, who when thev
approrhed \nto the shore were repelled bv the IJarbarians from landing, vntill such time as
tliey had passage made them by the \alour of the English archers. Thus liauing landed their
forces, iliey foorlhwiih marched vnto the royall citie of Tunis, and besieged it. H'hereat the
Barbarians being dismayed, sent Ambass.idour- vnto our Christian Chieftaines to treat of peace,
which our men graunled vnto them, vpon condition that they should pay a certaine sunime of
money, and that they should from thenrefoorfh abstaine from piracies \|)on all the coasts of
Italy and France And so hauing dispatched their busincsse, within a fcwc inonclhs after
their departure they returned home,

Thi.^

Joh. Hawkwood.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEItlES.

Thi!) Iliiitoric in somewhat othrrwiKC rrrorded by Fmyiard and Holenshed in man-
ner Cdllowing, png 473.

IN flic ihirtociith ycerc of the rcisne of king Kii iicird the *crond, the Christians tooke in hand
s imiriiey ajfaiiisi the Saracens of Harburie throujih ante of the CJenouois, <(o that there went
a jjroal miml)cr oI'Lordn, KniHhf'*, and Gentlemen of France and England, the Duke ofBurbon
bcinj; ilieir (Ji-nrrall. Out of England there went lohn de Beaufort bastarde sonne to the Duke
of Lantanlcr (at Froytard hath nolf<l) also Sir lohn Kusiiell, Sir lohn Butler, Sir lohn Hare-
couri and others. They set lorwarde in the latter cnde of the thirteenth ycere of the KingN
roi;{iie, and rame to (lenoa, where they rcniayned not veric lonL' liut that the ^allies and
other vessels of the (ienouois were ready to pasve them oner into Barbarie. And so about
inidsdMier in the be;>ininii: of the foureteenlh yere of this kings reigne the whole army being
embarked, sailed forth to the (d.ist ofBarhary, where neere to the city of Africa they landed:
at which instant the Kni;li^h archers (as the Chronicles of Genoa write) stood all the company Th« chromtU-
in j;ood stead with their hnij; bowcs, beating backe the enemies from the shore, which came " "*'
downe to resist their landing. After they had got to land, they inuironed the city of Africa
(called by the Moores Mahdia) with a strong siege: but at length, constrained with the in-
leinperancy of the scalding ayre in that hot countrey, breeding in the army sundry di.sea4es,
they fell to a composition vpon cerlaine articles to be performed in the behalfe of the Sara-
cens: and so (>1 dayes after their arriuall there they tooke the seasagaine, and riturned home,
as in the histories of France and Genoa is likewise expressed. Where, by Folidore Virgil it
may secme, lliat (lie lord Henry of Lancaster earle of Derbie should be general! of the Englith
men, that (as before you heard) went into Barbary with the French men and Gcnouois.

The memorable vi( tories in diners parts of Italie of lohn Hawkwood English man in
the reigne of Richard the second, briefly recorded by M. Camden, pag. 339.

AD alteram ripam fliniij Colne oppositus est Sibbic Heningham, locus natalis, vt accepi, lo-
annis Hawkwoodi (liali Aucuthum corrupte vocant) cjuem illi (antnpere ob virtutem milita-
rem suspexerunt, vt Senatus Florentinus propter insignia merita equestri statua & tumuli
honore in eximi.v fortitudinis, tideiquc testimonium ornauit. Res eius gestas Itali pleno ore
predicant; Et I'aulus louius in elogijs (clebrat: sat mihi sit lulij Feroldi tetrastichon adijcere.
Ilawkwoode Anglorum decus, &; decus addite genti

Italica-, Italico presiditimq; .solo,
Vt tumuli quondam Florentia, sic simulachri
Virtutem louius donat honore tuam.
William Thomas in his ilistorie of the common wealthes of Italy, makcth honorable
mention of him twi.se, to wit, in the commonwealth of Florentia and Fcrrara.

The voyage of the Lord lohn of Holland, F.arle of Huntington, brother by the mo-
thers side to King Richard the second, to lerusalem and Saint Katherins mount.

The Lord lohn of Holland, Karle of Huntington, was as then on his way to lerusalem, and 'iu-
to Saint Kaiherins mount, and purposed to returne by the Realme of Ilungarie. For as he ''"''"'"
passed through France (where he had great cheere of the King, and of his brother and vn-
( les) hee heard how the king of Hungary and the great Turke should haue battell together:
therefore he thought surely to be at that iourney.

Thevoiage of Thomas lordMoubray duke ofNorfolke to lerusalem, in theyeereof
our Lord 1399. written by Holinshed, pag. 1233.

THomas lord Moubray, second sonneofKlizabeth Segraue and lohn lonl Moubray herhuii>-
band, was aduanccd to the dukedome of Norfoike in the Ml. yeere of ^ reigne of llichard the
the 2. Shortly after which, hee was appealed by Henry earle of Bullingbroke of treason ; and
caricd to the castle of Windsore, where he was strongly & safely garded, hnuing a time of
combate granted to determine the cause betweenc the two dukes, the IG. day of September,

vol,. II, A a in

■' 'h

i»

m .( '

''^'J!

178

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

llftirff the 4.

1)1

i ''

'I?

t'<<

II <

Tkemii WjU

uniham.

OfdrT tikfn for

buitdinjl of ihi|)|
and (illiet.

i /

in the 22. nr tlic itayd kin^, hv'ww, thr yrcrc of our rc(I(>in|itir)n l:i9S. But in the end the mat-
ter wa<t !<o onli-retl, that Ih'n iliike of Ncrfnlki' was baniohrd for eiier: whcrt'ipon takinn hit
iourney to lennalem, he dieil al Vcniirin his reliirne IVom the said citieof leruHulcm, in ihi'
first yeerc of King Henry the 4. about the yccre of our redemption, \',i\i'i.

The com mi nj; of the Emperor of ('onslaiiliimph' into Kn^land, to desire the aide of
Henry the 4. a^'ain^t the Tiirkcs, N(X),

SV'l) eodem tempore Imperator (^onslantinopDlitamis venil in Anf;linm, pusinlatiirns nuhiii-
dium contra Turras. I'ni (K-iurriirex iiiin apparatii nol)iliad le Rlackhealh, die Sanili Thnmn-
Aposlih), susc'epii(pie, proiit dcciiil, t.inliiin Henn'tM, (Uixit(|; l/iiidoiiias, iV per nniltos
die!< exhibnit ^loriost', pro e\|>('nsis hospiiij sui >ohi('ns, it euin rcMpiiicns tanto fasil^in
(h)nalitiis. F.t paiili') post: Mis auditis ninioribus, Imperator hi.'tior reccssit nb Anglis, honn-
ratiiit I'l rege doiiarijs preiiosi*.

The same in English.

AHout the same time the emperor of Consianlinoplc came into ICngl.iml, to seeke aydc
against the Tnrkes; whom ^ king ;u('oinp;Miieil with liis nol)ililJe, nicl witliall vpun Ulai k-
healh \piin the day of .saint Thomas the Apusllo, and receined him a-, beseemed ■<<> gre.ii a
prinee, and brought him to London, .uid roiallv entertained him for a long «easi<n, dcirav-
ing the charges of his diet, and giuing him many lionorable presents. And a hile afterward :
V'pon the hearing of these newes, the emperor departed with great ioy out of ijigland, whom
the king honoured with many |>re( ions gift*.

The Voiage of the l>ishop of Winchester to leriisah'm, in the sixt veere of tlie
reigne of Henry the lift, which was the yeere of our Lord, l-il7. Thomas
Walsing.

VLtimo die mensis Octobris, cpiscopus Winloniensis accessit a<l concilium Constancicnor,
peregrinaturus Hierosdlymam post electione snmnii pontilicis reieliratam, xlii l.uilum xaliiit
eiuN l'a(unda persuaxio, \t iV e.xcitaret dominos Cardinales ad concordiam, «!<; ad electioncm
summi poniiticis se ocyiis pr;('p.iMr<'nt.

The same in English.

THe last dav of October the bishcp of Winche-ili r c.une to the Councell of C(m<lancr,
which after the chii>iiig of the I'ope determined lo take his iournry to lerusalem: where
his elotpient perswasion so inncli preuailed, th i he both perswailed \n\ lords the
("ardinais to vniiy and concord, and also moued them to proi eed more speedily to the elei-
tion of the I'opc.

A preparation of a voyage of King Henrie the fourth to the Holy land agaiii'^t the
infidels in tlie vcre I4L'J, ijting the Livt yere ol his reigne: > herein he was
preiientrd by death: written by VValsingham, Fabian, I'olyilre \ irgile, and
Holenshed.

IK this fourctccnth and last vere of king Henries reigne a coiuKell was holden in tin
White friers in London, at the which among other things, order wa-. taken for shi|)s and gal-
lies to be builded and made ready, and all other things necessary to be prouidcd for a \oy-
age, which he meant to make into the Hdy land, t!iere to rccouer the city ol Icru'-alem Iroin
the infidels: for ii grimed him to consider the great malice of Christian princes, tliat w( rr
bent vpon a mischieuous purpose to destroy one another, to the perill of their owne Koiile*.
rather then to make warre agiiist the enemies of the Christian faith, as in conscience, if
seemed to him, thcv were bound. We finde, sayelh Fabi:ni in his Chroniile, that he wa-
taken with his last sickenes,se, while he was making his prayers at S.iinI Edwards shrine, there
as it were, to take his Icaue, and so to proceede fourth on his iourney. He was so suddenly
and gricuously taken, that such as were about him feared least he would hauc died pre-
sents :

The lime of IVwden, TRAFFrQUES, AND DISCOUERIRS

Krntly: whcrrrorr lo rrliciic him, if it were poHitible, they bare him into u chamber that
wan lU'xi at hand, l)i'l(in>;irix to the Abbot of We^fminnter, where they lay<l him on a pallet
bcftir*' the (ire, and v>.rd all remedies to reuiiie him. At leM«th he recoiiercd hit iipccch,
and perreiuinn hiinsdlp in a Ktran^e plare which he knew mt, he willed to knowe if the
rh.imber liad niiy p.irliriil.ir name, whereunto aimwerc wan made, th.it it wan called leru-
naiem. Then -.lyde (he kin^, l.aiides be ninen lo the father of heanen : for now I knowe that
1 Mh.ill die iicre in iliit chamber, attordnij( lo the prophenie of mce decbred, that I Mhuuld
depart thin life in lerwalem.

Of thin intended vriyaj{e Polydore Vir>!ile writeth in manner following:

I'O'tt lia-i llenri< UM Hex memor nihil homini debere e<««r antiqiiiiiM, cpclm ad offirium Iiih-
tititf, (pile ad hominiiin Milil.iiem perlinel, omnc Niiiim Niudiiim conferre, protiniH omi«iio
( iulli bello, (pin piulebai videre ( liri»lianoi omiii tempore turpit^r occiipari, de republics
Anxlica bene giibernanda, de bello in h(i<«le>t communes humendo, de HieriKtnlymis laiuleni
ali(|iiaMd<> rci i|>ien(lis pliira (le<itinabai, ( laW'nupie ium parabat, cum ei lalin ai^enti at(piu
medilanti cattM mortem attnlil: ■iubilo etiim inorbo tenlaliw, nulla !ne(li(iiia Hubleuari
pnliiit. MortuuH est apnd Weilmunnslcriiiin, annum a^cn* tpiadrai^cgimum itc.xtum, qui fuit
annu« Halutis humanie, I4l.'i.

The Mine in English.

AFterward, Kinj!; Hcnrs calling In niinde, that nothing ought to be more highly esteemed
by any man, then to doe ihe \lin(He of hi'* indeuour for the performanre of iustice, which
l(-iuletli to (lie good and benefile of mankiiide; altogether abandoning ciuill warre (where-
wiili he wa>t usiiamcd to see, how ChriiliaiiH at all timc!* were dishonourably busied)
enlcTcd into n more deepe cunsideration of well goiierning his Healme of England, of
waging warre against ilic common enemie, and of recouering, in procesiie tif time, the
eitie of lerusalem, yea, and was proiiiding a nauie for the name purpose, whenas in
the very mid-it of tliis his heroicall actiim and enterprise, he was surprised with death:
for falling into a sudden disease, he could not be cured bv any kinde of physicke. He
deceased at Westminster in the 4(» ycare of his age, which was in the yeerc of our Lord,
14l.i

A briefe relation of the siege and taking of the Ciiie of Rhodes, by Sultan Soli-
man the great Turke, translated out ol French into English at the motion of the
Reueren(l Lord Thomas Dockwray, great Prior of the order of lerusalem in En-
gland, in the yeere, ir>a4,

Willing faithfully to write and reduce in veritie Ilisioriall, the great siege, cruel oppng-
nation, and piteous taking of the noble and renowmed ciiie of Rhodes, the key of Christcn-
donie, the hope of many pooie t'lirislian men, wilhholden in Turkic to saue and kecpe
them in their faith: the re>t and yeerely solace of noble pilgrimcs of the holy sepulchre of
lesu Christ and other holy places: the refuge and refreshing of all Christian people: hauing
course of marchandise in the parlies of I.euani, I promise to all (^states that shall see this
present booke, that I haue left nothing for fcare of any person, nor preferred it for faunur.
And first 1 shall shewe the occasions that inoued this cruell bloodshedder, enemie of our
holy Christian faith, SuUan Soliman, now l)eing great Turke, to come with a great
hoste by sea and by lande, to besiege and .issayle the space of sixe moneths, night and
dav, the noble and raightic citie of Rhodes, fhe yere of the incarnation of our Lord Icsu
Christ, I55>*i.

The occasions why the great Turke came to besiege the Citie of Rhodes,

THe first and principall cause was that he did consider and sawe by experience, that there
was none other Towiic nor place in Leuant that warred against him nor kept him in doubt,
but this poore rockc of Rhodes. And hearing that continuall complaintci of his subiectes as

A a 2 well

179

, I

•ri

' ■*,

|I4.J M

' . * all '

VOYACES, NAUIGATIONR,

The loxse of Rhodes.

well or Syria, as of Turkic, for the «lonia<;cs and prises dayly done of their bodies and goods
by Christian men of warre receiiicd into Rhodes: And also of the shippes and gaiiie* ol' the
religion, he tooke conclusion in hiinsclfe. that if he might pnt the saydo Townc in his power
and subiection, that then he should be peareable lord of all the parties of Leiiant, and that
his Subiccts should complaine no more to him.

The second, that he might followe the doiiijjs of his nol)le ])rodcressnurs, nnd shewe him-
selfe very heire of the mightie and virlnrious lord Sultan Selim his rather, willinf; to put in
execution the enterprise by him left the yecrr unv ilunisand line lumdrcd iweiiiie and one.
The which Sclim the groat Tiirke put in all redincssc his arniie to the luiniber of throe hun-
dreth saylos purposini; for to send them against Rhcxles, if morialiiie had not happened in
his host, and he afterwarde by the will of our lorde was surprised and taken with death;
wherefore he being in the latter ende of his dayes, (as some Turles and false christian men
that were at this siege shewed me) did charge by h's testanifut, or rau>cd to charge his
Honne now being great Turke, that after his death hee should make his two lirst entorpji-es,
the one against Bellegrado in Ilungario, and the other agninst Hhodr^, for to get him ho-
nour, and to set his Countries and subiectes in re-t and surctio, The wliich fatherly motion
easilie entered into him and was imprinted in the heart and yoong will of the sn\de SoK-
man, his sonne, the which soone alter the death of h" . father put in ellirt the tirst enter-
prise, and raised an huge hoste both by water and oy land, and went hitn>^el('o in j»erson
Tht taking of against Bellegrado, a right strong place in Ilinigarie. And after that hee had besieged it the
*''*'"''' space of two moneths or thereabout, for fault of ordinaiue and viiailes, it wa-" \ecldod to

hirti by cori'v^osition the eight day of September, in the yeere of our lord, oiu- thousand line
hundred tv^^-ntie and one. The sayd Scdyman hauing this victory, being >wollen and r.iiscd
in pride ;iud vaineplory, turned his heart agaynst Rhodes. Neucrthelesse, lie not ignorant
of the strength of it, and considering the qualities of the people that were wiihin it, of
whom he should be well roceiuod as his predecossours had bene aforeiime-;, doubted much,
and knew not how to furnish his enterprise. For his capitaines and Rashas turned him from
it as much as they might bv many reasons, they knowing the force of it, saue onelv Mu-tola
Basha his brother in lawe, the which councelled and put him in minde to goe thither. Fi-
nallv, hee purposed entirely to haue it by treason or bv fore. And also fop the same cause
Forrtn physi- and purpose, his father in hU dayes had sent a lewe |)hysi('inn into Rhodes as a spie, to haiu
•po^tViiTimti. ''!•■ better knowledge of it; the sayd Solyman was informed that he was there yet, wherfon
he sent him worde that he should abide there still for the same cause. And gaue in charge
to one of the chiefo men in Sio, to send vnto the sayd lowe all things needefidl to main-
taine him. y\nd the same lewe wrote to him of Sio, vnder priuie wordes, all that w ix done
in Rhmles to giue knowledge thereof to the great Turke: and the better to hide his treason,
the sayde lewe made himselfe to bee bapti'^cd. And to bee the more named to be expert
in Physike, he did some fiire cures to such a-; were diseased, whereby he began to bee
well trusted, and came in fauiur with mauv sulistantiall folkes of the tow le. Amoni; all
other things whereof hee .adneriisod the great Turke, one w.is of a will th.it w.i-
taken downe for to be new biiilded at the bulwarke of Auuergiie, cerrif\iiig him
that if hee came hastely with his hoste, hee might e.asilie and at vnawares siiriirise
the towne in such estate as it was at that time. Many other adiiertisements aii<l warnings
hee shewed the Turke, which shall bee dec lared hereafter. Hut beside his adu'Ttisement,
the sayd great Turke stirred and prouokcd by a faUe iraitour, a Portingale knight ol
ours, that time Chanceller of the sayd holy Religion, a man of great luthorilie, diguitie,
and vnderstanding, and one of the I'rincipall lordes of ilie eoiinsell of .,ie same, named Sir
Andrew <le Menill, by lilile and little was mooned and kindled to the sayd enterprise of
treason, whereof was no maruell, for it w:is a great hope and comfort to haue such a person
fur him, that knew all the estate and rule of the religion and of the towne. And for to
declare the occ;wions of tfie cursed and \nhappy will of the said traitor that had bene occa-
sion of so great losse and damage, and shall be more at the length, if the diuinc power set
not to his hand.

And

A Puniii[jl>

IIMCI,

• M.

llie losse of Rhodes.

TRAFFIQUER, AND DISCOUERIES.

181

And here it is manifestly to bee vnderetood of all men, that after the death of the noble
and right prudent lord, Fabrice of Cacetto, great master of Rhodes, the sayd Sir Andrew
inflamed with ambition and couetoiisnesse to bee great master, and seeing himselfe deceiued
of his hope, by the flection made the two and twentieth day of laniiary, of the right reiie-
rcnd and iHustrafc lord, Philip de Villiers Lislcadam, before him : from that time hec tooke Philip dtViiii«r
so great eniiie and desperation, cnmitie and ciiil will, not onely against the sayde lord, but ''"' """"•
against all the holy religion, that hee set all his studie and purpose, to betray and sell his re-
ligion and the rific of HhofleH to the cursed misbeleeuers, forgetting the great honours and
goodncsse that hee hath had of the religion, and hoped to receiue, with many other parti-
cular pleasures that the sayd lord master had done to him. But the deuiil, vnkindnesse, and
wickcdncsse had so blinded the eyes of his thought, that hee in no wise could refrainc him,
but at euery purpose that was spoken afore him, hec was short and might not dissemble.
And one day among other hee sayde before many knights, that hec would that his soule were
at the deuiil, and that Rhodes and the religion were lost. And many other fooli.sh and dis-
honest purposes nd wordes hoc vttered, whereat none looke heed, nor thought that hee had
the courage to doc t!iat thing that hee hath done. Howbeif, obstinate as Iiidas, hee put in
execution his cursed will : for soone after that the tidings of the election was sent Westward
to the sayde noble lord, the sayd de Merall did send a Turke prisoner of his to Constanti-
nople, viKJcr shado\>e to fetch his ransome. By whom hee aduertised the great Turke and hi*
counsell, of the maner and degree of Rhodes, and in what state and condicion the towne
was in of all niancr of tilings at that time, and what might happen of it, prouoking and stir-
ring him to come with a great hoste to besiege the towne. And after tiic comming of the
sayd reuerend lord great master, he gaue other adui.sc to the great Turke, shewing him that
hee could neucr hauc better time to come, seeing that the great master was new come, and
part of the wall taken downe, and that all Rhodes was in trouble by occasion of some
ilalian knights, rebels agaynst the lord great master: of the which rebellion he was causer,
the better to bring his cursed mind to passe : and also gaue the sayde great Turke knowledge
that all Christian princes were busie, warring each vpon other, and that he should not donbt
but if the rebellion lasted among them, the towne should be his without faile, as it is seene by
experience. And for lackc of succours of euery part, and especially of such as might easily
hauc holpen vs bcyng our neighbours, with their gallies and men of warre, wherefore it is now
in the handes of the enemies of the christian faith. The which monitions and rca.sons of the
false traitor being vnderstood and pondered l)y the great Turke and his counsell, it was consi-
dered iif them not to loose so goo<l occasion and time. Wherefore hee made most extreme dili-
gence to rigge and apparell many ships & vessels of diuers sorts, as galliasses, gallies, pal-
iandres, fiistcs, ;iiid brigantincs, to the number of liM. sailes and moe.

When the prisoner th;it the sayd de Merall did send into Turkic had done his commission,
hee returned into RIkuIcs, whereof euery man had maruell. And many folkes deemed eiiii
of his comming .againc, as of a thing vnacciistomcd, but none durst say any thing, seeing
the sayd de Merall of so great authorilie and dignitie, and he cherished the saycl prisoner
more then he was woont to doe. Therefore belike hec h:id well done his message, and had
brought good tidings to the danin.ible and shamcl'ull mind of the sayd traitor de Merall.

How the great Turke caused the passages to l)e kept, that none :

of his hoste to Rhmles.

hould bcare tidinus

Tile great Turke intending with great diligence to make readie his hoste both by sea and h\
find, the better to come to his purpose, and to t;ikc the towne vnw.iriiy as hee was aduertistni,
thought to keepe his doings as secret as hee might, and coniniaiindcil that none of his sid)iccl*
should goe to Hhodes for any maner of thing. .And likewise he tookc all the barkes and bri-
gantincs out of the hauens and portcs in those coastes, be(MUse they should glue no knowledge
of his armie. Ami also hee maiie the passages In land to bee ke])t, that none should passe.
Ilowbeit, so great apparell of an armic could not bee long kept dose: for the spies whieii
the lord great master had sent into Turkic, brought tidings to the castle of saint Poter, .md

i ■>|

I J

■A f

i>l

*»(

}■ ,

ISfl

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The lois» of Rhodes.

Sir loll, Dourgh
thr F.nglitli
I'urcopllcr.

eo Khodcs, of all that was sayd and done in Turkic. Neiierthelessc, the sayd lord gaiie no
great credence to all that was brought and told, because that many yecres before, the prcdc-
cessours of the great Turkc had made great armies : and alway it was sayd that they went to
Rhodes, the which came to none cffirct. And it was holdcn for a mocke and a by-word in
many places, that the Turkc would goc to besiege Rhodes. And for this re.rson doubt was
had of this last armic, and some thought that it should hauc gone into Cyprus or to Cataro, a
land of the lordship of \'cnicc. Howbeit the great master not willing to bee taken vnwarily,
but the meane while as carefull and diligent for the wealth of his towne, & his people, vn-
derstanding these tidings of the Turkcs armic, did all his diligence to repaire and strengthen
the townc. Amongst all other things to build vp, and raise the buKvarke of Auuergne, and
to cleanse and make deeper the ditches. And the more to cause the workcmen to haste them
in their businesse, the sayd lord oucrsawe them twise or thrise euery day.

How the lord great iiKWtcr counselled with the lordes for pruuision for the townc.

THen the -^ayd reuercnd lord thought to furnish and store the townc with more vilailcs for
the sustenance thereof, and for the same many times hee spake with the lordes that had the
handling and rule of the treasurie, and of the expenses thereof in his absence, and since his
coniMiing: Tliat is to wit, with the great Commander Gabriel dc pommerolles, lieutenant of
the sayd lord : Tlie Turcoplier Sir lohn Bourgh of the English nation : and the Chanccllcr
Sir Andrew de .\Ieral, of whom is spoken afore, and of his vntruth agaynst his religion. The
which three lordes sayd, that hee should take no thought for it, for the townc was well storeil
with vitailes for a great while, and that there w.xs whcatc ynough till new came in : Notwith-
standing it were good to baue more, or the siege were laied afore the towne, and therefore
it were beliooucrull to send for whcatc and other necessaries into the West for succours of
the towne, and at that liuK' to puruey for cuery thing.

Of the prouision for vitailes and ordinance of warre.

A.S touching the store and ordinance of warre, the sayd lordes affirmed that there was
ynough for a veere and more, whereof the contrary was found, for it failed a moneth or the
cilie was veelded. It is of truclh thai there was grcit store, and to haue lasted longer then
it did. But it was needful to spend l.irgely at the first comming of the enemies to kee|)c
them from comming necre, and from bringing earth to the ditches sides as they did. And
niorcoucr you arc to consider the great numl)er of them, and their power that wa* spred
round about the towne, giuing \s so many assaults and skirmishes in so many places as they
did. and by the space of sixe whole moneths dav and night ass;iilii,g vs, that much ordinance
and store was wasted to withstand them in all points. And if it failed, it was no maruell.
Howbeit the noble lord great master pronided speedily for it, aiul sent Hrigantines to Lango,
to the castle of saint Peter, and to the castcls of his isle reracious and I.vndo, for to bring
powder and saltpeter to >trength the towne, but it sull'ned nut.

And for to s|)e:ike of the purueianee of \ italics, it w.as aduised by the lord great master
and his three Inrds, that it w.is time to send some sliips for wheat to places thereabout, be-
fire the Turks hosie were come thither. And fur this purpose was appointed a ship named
the G.illienge, whose captainc hight IJramboiK, otherwise called Wolfe, of the .Mmaine na-
tion, an expert man of the sea, the whi( h made so good diligence, that wiihin a moneth lie
jjcrforined his xoiage, and brought good store of wheat front Naples and Romania, whidi
did \s great ( oiniort.

How a Brigantine was sent to Candle for wine, and of diuers ships that came to

lielpe the towne.

.\Kier this, a motion was in;ide to make prouision of wine for the towne, fur the men (jf
Caiulie durst not saile for to bring wine to Rhodes as they were woont to doe for feare of the
Turkes hoste : and also they of the towne would send no ship into Candie, fearing to be
taken and enclosed with the sayd hoste by the way. Howbeit some merchants of the towne,

were

Rhodes.

gaiie no
he prede-
y went to
y-word in
doubt was
Cataro, a
vnwarily,
eoplc, vn-
strengthcn
ergne, and
haste them

iwne.

vitailcs for
hat had (he
nd since his
cutcnant ol'

ChancclIcT
:ligion. Thf

well stored

'The lone of Rhodes.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

183

Notwiili-
nd therefore
succours of

lat there wan
onelh or the
1 longer then
lies to keej>c
•y did. And
lat was sprcd
|)laces as thoy
iich ordinanre
IS no tnariiell.
nes to Lmgd,
', for to brini;

I great master
lereaboiit, bc-
a ><hip nanicil
e Almaine n:i-
1 a moncth he
omaniu, which

t came to

or the men of
"or feare of the
, fearing to be
s of the townc,
were

were willing to haue aduentured themsriues in a good ship of the religion, named the Mary,
for to haiie laden her with wine in Candie. But they could not agree with the three lordes of
the treasure, and their let was but for a little thing : and all the cause came of the sayd trai-
toiir de Merall, faining the wealth of the treasure : for he intended another thing, and brake
this good and profitable enterprise and will of the sayd merchants, seeing that it w.is hurtfull
to the Turke, whose part the said traifour held in his diuelish heart : that notwithstanding,
the reuerend lord great master, that in all things from the beginning to the ende, hath alway
shewed his good will, and with all diligence and right that might bee requisite to a soue-
raigne captaine and head of warre, found other txpedience, and sent a Brigantine into Can-
die, ii, the which he sent a brother sergeant named Ap»honie of Bosus, a well sprighted man
and wii^e, that by his wiscdome wrought so well, that vithin a small time he brought fifteenc
vessels called Gripes, laden with wine, and with them men of warre the which came vnder
shadow of those wines, because the gouernours of Candie durst let none of their men goe to
the succour of Rhodes for feare of the Turke. And beside those fifteene Gripes came a good
ship whose capitaine and owner was a rich yong gentleman Venetian, Messire lohn Antonio
de Bonaldi, which of his good will came with his ship laden with 700. buts of wine to suc-
cour the towne with i>is person and folkes, whose good and lowable will I leaue to the consi-
deration of the readers of this present booke. For hee being purposed to haue had his wines
to Constantinople, or he was enformed of the bnsines of Rhodes, and was in the porte du
Castell in Candie, would not bearc his vitailes to the enemies of the faith, but came out and
returned his way toward Rhodes, forgetting all particular profite and aduantage. He being
arriucil at Rhodes, dispatched and sold his wine, which was a great encrease and comfort for
the towne. And when he had so done, he presented his person, his ship, and his folkc, to
the reuerend great master, the which retained him, and set him in wages of the Religion,
And during the siege, the sayd capitaine behaued him woorthily in his person, and put him-
selfe in such places as woorthy men ought to be, spending his goods largely without demand-
ing anypaiment or recompense for his doing, of the Religion.

IIow the tome was shornc downe halfe ripe and brought into the towne for feare

of the Turkes hoste.

DVring these things, the reuerend lord great master carefull and busie to haue euery thing
necessary, as men and other strengths, sent vessels railed brigantines, for to cause the wait-
ers of the sea to come vnto Rhodes for the keeping and fortifying of the towne, the which
at the first sending came and presented their persons and .ships to the seruice of the religion.

Alter that the sayd lord caused to shere downe the Rie of his isle, and caused it to bee Hjru«i in
brought into the towne. which was done in Aprill : and then in May in some places, he made '^p"'"'' ^'^'
to shere the wheate halfe ripe, howbeit the most part was left in the fields, because the
Turkes hoste was Cimie out of the streights of Constantinople. And doubting that any num-
lier of .ships should come before to lake the people of the sayd Isle vnawares, the sayd lord
made them to leauc shering of wheate, and caused the people of the furthest part of the
Isle to come into the townc.

While that the great master prouided for all things after the course of time and tidings that
hee had, there arriucd a Carak of Genoa laden with spicerie from .Alexandria, the which pass-
ed before the port of Rhodes the eight day of Aprill, and rid at anker at the Fos.se, 7. or
8. miles from the towne, for to know and heare tidings of the Turkish hoste. Then tlie lord
willing to furnish him with people as most behooiiefull for the towne, sent a knight of Pro-
uence named sir Anastase de sanrta Camilla, commander de la Tronquiere to the captaine of
the Carak, praying him to come into the haiien with his ship for the defence of the towne,
profering him what he would, assuring him his ship. The captaine excused him, saying,
that the merchandise was not his owne, but belonged to diners merchants to whom he must
yeeld account. Howbeit at the last alter tnaiiy wonls and promises to him made, hee (ame
into the hauen, the which captaine was named messire Domingo de Fournati, and hee in his
person behaued him valiauntly in the time of the savd siege.

How

i: t

*iv

!t(>

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The loase of Rhodes.

'it

't t

Vj.!!

flow the great nu.sior caused gcncrall mustera to be made, and sent a vessell to the
Tiirkcs nnuic, of whom he receiiicd a letter.

AFter the moneth of April the lord master seeing that the Turkes hostc drew neere, and
ihat he had the most part of the wafters within the townc, he caused generall musters of men of
:irmes to be made. And bcjran at the knights, the which vpon holy Hood day in May made
their musters before the Conimis>ioiicrs ordained by the sayd lord in places deputed to each
of them called Auibcrge. The which Commissioners made report to the lordes that they had
found flic knights in yood order of harncsse & other things necessary for warre, & their araic
laire i: proper, with crosses on them. When the muster of the knights was done, the lord
master thought to make the musters of them of the towne, and strangers together : but his
wisedonic perceiucd that li.irme should come thereby, rather then good, doubting that the
number of people shouKl not bee so great as he would, or needed to haue, whereof the great
Turke migiit hauc knowledge by goers and commers into Rhodes, and therefore he caused
them of the towne to make their musters scuerall by bandes and companies, and the stran-
gers also by themsehies, to the end that the inimbcr should not bee knowen, notwithstand-
ing that there was good qnantiiie of gotxl men and well willing to defend themsclues. And
tiie more to hearten and giuethcm courage and good will, some knights of the Crosse, decked
their men with colours and deuiscs, and tooke with them men of the towne and strangers,
and with great nnyseof trumpets and timbrels, they made many musters, as enuying each
other which .should kcepe best aray and order, and haue the fairest company. It was a great
pleasure to sec them all so well agree, and so well willing.

The number of the men of the townc amounted and wtre esteemed, three or foure thou-
sand, beside men of the villages, that might be 1500. or20i'0.

The eight day of the same moneth, the Turkes hearing of those tidings, made a fire for a
token in a place called le Fisco, in the maino land right against Rhodes. And cerlainc dayes
afore they had made anotiicr, that is to weet, when the ship of a knight named Menetow went
thither, and had with him the clarke of the gallies named h-ques truchman, the which vnder
shadow to spcakc with him, was withholden of the Turkes. For the great Turke had C(mi-
manticil to take him or some other man of the Rhodes to h.;>'e perfect knowledge in what
estate the towne was then in euery thing. .\nd they of the towne v.eri'.iT'c that the second
fire was for to deliuer laques, the reiierend lord great master sent one of his galhasses, ».'hose
patron wa^ called messire Boniface of Prouence, to know the cause thereof And when hee
arriued at the sayd place of ic Fisco, he demaunded of the Turkes wherefore they had made
the token of fire. And they said that it was because their lord had sent a letter to the great
master, but as yet it was not come, and desired him to farv till it were brought. The patron
as warie & wise in the busincsse of the sea, thought in hiniselfe that the Turkes made such
prolonging to some euill intent, or to sur|)rise his vessell l)eing alone, wherefore hee bade
them gine him the letter speedily, or els he would goe his wav, and neither tary for letter
nor other thing: and told tiiem of the euill and dishonest deed that they had done the daves
afore, to withhold the clarke vnder their wonis and safeconduct : and therewith he turned his
galiiisse to hauc gone away. The Turkes seeing that, gaue him the letter, the which he
tooke, and when he was arriued at Rhodes, he presented it to the lord great master, which
asscnil)led the lordes of his counscll, and made it to be red : The tenor wliereof was such as

foloweth.

Tlic copie of the letter that the great Turke sent to the lord great master, and to

the people of the Rhodes.

SVItan Solyman Basha by the grace of God, right niightie emperor of Constantinoj)le, ami
of himselfc holding both the lands of Persia, Arabia, Syria, Mecha, and lenisalcm; of .\sia,
Fvurope, /I'.gvpt, and of all the Sea, lord and pos.se!>sor: To the reuerend lather lord Phili]>,
great master of Rhodes, to his counsailors, and to all the other citizens great and small, greet-
ing. Sending conuenicnt and worthy salutations to your reucrcntes, wee giue you to weet,

thai

I .rf )

li.

The lossc of Rhodes.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

\8h

that wc haue rcceiued your letters sent vnto our imperiall maicstic by George your scruant,
the tenor whereof we iloe well vnderstand ; and for this occasion we send vnto you this our
present comniaundement, to the end that we will that ye know surely how by our sentence wo
will haue that Isle of Rhodes for many damages and euill deeds which wc hauc, and heare
from dav to day of the sayd place done to vs and our subiects, and ye with your good will
shall hold it ofvs & doe vi obeisance, and giiie the citic to mine imperial! maiestic. And we
sweare by God that made hcau< n and earth, n" I by 2G00O. of our prophets, and by the 4.
Misali that fell from the skies, niiJ by our firs' prophet Mahomet, that if ye doc vs homage,
and veckl you with i^ood will vpoii these othe , all you tliat will abide in the sayd place, great
and small, "shall not need to fearc [jerill nor '! image of mine imperiall maiestic, neither you,
your goods, nor vour men : and wlioso will ;;^.c to any other place with his goods and houshold,
may so doe, and who so will dwell ^nd inhnbite in any other places vnder mine Imperiall ma-
iestic, niav rcmaine where they like best, without fearc of any jjcrson. And if there bee any
of the principals and woorthy men among you that is so disposed, wee shall giue him wages
and pnniision jircater then hec hath had. And if any of you will abide in the sayd isle, yet-
mav so doe after your auncient vsagcs and customes, and much better. And therefore if that
vee will accept these our othes and intrcalings, send vnto vs a man with your letters to mine
imperiall maiestic, or els know yec that wee will come vpon you with all prouisions of warre,
and thereof shall come as it pleaseth God. And this wee doe, to the end that ye may know,
and that ye may not say, but wc hauc giuen you warning. And if ye doe not thus with vour
good will, wee shall vault and vndermine your foundations in such maner, that they shalbe tome
vpsidc downc, and shall make you slaues, and cause you to die, by the grace of God, as we
huuedone manv, and hereof haue ye no doubt. Writttn in our court at Constantinople the
lirst day of the nioncth of lune.

How the Turkes came to land in the Isle of Lango, and were driiien to their ships
againe by the Prior of S. Giles.

Wllen the lord groat master and hiscounsell had heard the tenor of the letter, thev would
giue none answere to the great Turke, but that he should be rcceiued with good strokes of
;irtilleiie. So that to a foolish demaund behooued none answere. .And it was very like that
he wciild liuue nothing. For si.\e dayes after, that was the 14. day of the said moneth of
lune, the liiigaiiiines that went toward Sio to know of the said armie, came againe and s;nd,
lli.it of a truetli the said armie was coniniing, and that nigh to Lango an Isle of the religion.
ar.d ICO. mile Iniin liluules, they had scene and told 30. sailes that were most jjart gallics and
liistes: the wliich \c»scls set men on land in \ i>ile of I.ango. The the ])rior of S. (^iies .Mes«irc
|)re lolm de BiilmiN c mmander of the s:i\il place, taried not Ion;; trom horscb.icke with his
knights and pcuple nf the isle, and he met so well with the Turkes, that he drouc them to
liicir -.hips, and -.lew a ccrtaine number of rhein : and of the >ide of Pre lohn seine were
hurt, and his horse was slainc. When t!ie eneinii-s wen- entered into their gallics, thiv weiii
to a place called ca>'.le ludeo on the niaine land, betweenc the savd isle of Lango ami the
castle of S. Peter.

IIciw part cf the r.auic ami armie of liie great Turke came Ijcfore the cilie of Rhodes.

■fhe IS, (lay of the said moneth of lune, these ■'}(). gallics went from the sa\d place, and
passed by the C.ipe of Crion, entering the guile of Lpimes beside Rhodes, and were disco-
uercd from the shade of the hill of Salaco. a castle in the isle of Rh(Mlcs. On the inorow they
1 ame out of the gulfe hy plainc day, and sailing along by the coasts, they entered into a
hauen on maine land tailed Malfnia, where tiny abode three daycs. Then' they went from
ihenic, and returned to the gulfe of Kpin\es, \\hcrc ihcy abode two dayes and two nights.

The 'i4 tl.iy of the same moneth they issued out of Epimes, and trauersing the chanell,
tliev came to the vie of Hlicdcs in a place before a casilc called Faues, and they went to laud,
and burnt a great field lA' come the same day, which was the feast of S. lohn Baptist oui
patron. The guard of a castle named Abbito in the yie of Rhodes discouered and spied tin-

"Of.. II. J5 I, ;,,.(.;,(

'„ w

186

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The fosse of Rhodes

fjreat hostc, and in great haste brought word to the lord m.Tster, and sayd that the sayd hoste,
that was in so great number of sailes that they might not be numbred, was entered into the
gulfe of Epimes. The 30 sailes that lay in the vie arose in the night, and went to the sayd
hoste in the gulfe.

The 26 day of lune the sayd great hoste arose and went out of Epimes an houre after the
sun rising, & Irauersing the chanell, they came to a place called the Fosse, eight miles froni
the towne. And the .'JO (irst sailes turned backe toward the cape of S. Martin and other places
to watch for ships of Christian men, if any passed by to Rhodes. The great hoste abode
still till noone or one of the rlocke, and then arose, not all, but about 80 or 100 ships, as
gallie-i, galliasses, and fusts: and jia'iscd one after another before the towne and hauen of
Rhodes three miles of!', and came to shore in a place nigh to land, called Perambolin, sixe
miles from the towne. In the which place the sayd hoste abode from that time to the end
of that viihap|)y siege.

'I'he number and names of the vessels that came to besiege Rhodes.

THe number of the ships were these: .'}0 g;illiasses, Ui'J gallics, aswcll l)a>itards as subtill
mahonnets, I."> taffours, 20 fusts, ()+ great ships, sixe or seiien gallions, it ,'?0 galleres, beside
the nauy that waited for Christian men, if any came to succour vs. These were the vessels
that came at the first to lay the siege. And sith that the sayd host came out of Perambolin,
there came from Syria 20 other sailes, a^well gallics as fusts. And many other ships came
sith, and iovned with the sayd army in the time of the sayd siege. .\iul it was sayd that there
were 400 sailes and moe.

The same day that part of the host came to the sayd jjlace, the reucrcnd lord great master
ordeined a j^rcat brigandinc to send into the West, to ccrtifie our holy father ilic pope, and
the Ciiristian princes how the Turks army was afore Rhodes. And in llie sayd vessel he sent
two knights, one a French nian named Sir Claude Dansoyiiille called Villicrs, a:id Sir Lovs dc
Sidonia a Spanianl: and llicv went to the ])ope and to the cmperour.

After the comming of the Turks nauy into the sayd place, it was |4 or l.j dayes or thev set
any ordinance on land, great or small, or any quantify of men came on shore, whereof we
marueiled. And it was tokle \s by some that came out of the canipe, and also bv the spies
that the lord great master had sent al)road arayed as Turks, (hat they abode the commande-
ment of their great Icrd, \ntili the hoste by land were come into the camjie. Ilowbcit there
came some ninnber for to view the towne, but they went priuiiy, for the ordinance of the
towne shot without { cnsc.

All this while the gallies and galli.asscs went and came to l.uul, bringing vilaile and peo-
ple. At the which ships j):issiiig nigh the town, were .shot many strokes with bombards,
which made si nie slaughter of our enemies: and when the most |)art of them was past, thev
began to set (inliiKuicc nu the land with great diligen(e. Then tiie Icnl great inasterdeparteil
from his pahue, and Indeed him nigh a church called The vi( turv, because that place was
most to be donbtcil : ami also that at the other siege the great businessc and assault was there.

How the lord great master ni.nde his petition before the image olS lohn, and of-
fered liim the keyes of the towne.

The day before were made many predications and sermons, and the last was in the church
of S. lohn J}a])ii^f When the sernuin was done, a pontili( .ill Masse was < elebrate with all
silemnitics, and all the reliques taken downe, and liie lord great m:isier and all his knights
with great deiuitions and reuereuce heard it. And when the Afiusse was ended, the lord «reat
master made a pitious oration or |)niyer before Saint lohn Haplist his protectour : and aboue
all other words, whic'i were too long to tell, he besought him meekly that it would please him
to lake the keyes o! that miserable city. The which keyes he presented and layed vpon the
altar before the image, beseeching S John to take the keeping and protection thereof, and
of all the religion, as by his gnacc he had giuen to him vnworthy, the gouerning vnto that

dav :

The loisc of mocks. TRAFFIQIIES, AND IMSCOUERIES.

day : and by his holy grace to defend them from the great power of the enemies that had
beiiicgcd them.

How the women slaues would haue set fire in the towne.

THc eight day of Inly it was knowen that the Turkish women being sialics and seruaunts in
many houses of the towne, had appointed to set fire in their masters houses at the first assault
that should be made, to the end that the men should leaue their posterns & defenses to go
and sauc their hmises and goods. And it was found that a woman of Marchopola being a
slaue, was first moouer thereof, the which was taken and put to exeruiion.

The same day .some of our men went out for to skirmish with the Turkes, and many of
them were .ilainc with shot of our arlillcrie, and of our men but one.

How the Turkes fayd their artillerie about the towne, and of the maner and quan-
titie of their pieces and gimshot.

TIIc IH. il.iv of luly, fi'r the be-viiuiing and first day tlic) set vp a inanlellef, vnder llie
wliich tlu'v put three or foure ineanc jjieces, as sacres, wherewith they shot against liic
poitcrns of I'jij;land and Prouence. 15nt the maiitellet was soone broken and cast downc.
and their |)icces de^troye(l with the shot of the wall, and they that shot them were nio^t |)art
slainc. As this first niaiitcllet was broken, by the great and innumerable people that they
had they let all their nrdinaiice on laiul, and caricd it to tlie places where it s^hotild be bent,
or nigh ihcrcbv .

.\iul the '."J. d ly of till- same inonelh, thev set vp two other manlellels. One beside a
chiirih of saiiie Co^mc and Dainian, and anollicr toward the West. And from these man-
Irllcts tliey shot great pieces, as ("nhierings, double gunne>, and great bombards agaynst the
wals of r.iiglaiul and .Spaino, to ihe which mantellets the ordinance of the towne gaue many
great strokes, and olieii br.ike ilieni. And the more to grieiie the towne and to feare vs,
they set vp in niy otiier mantellets in diners places, almost round about the towne, and ihev
were reckoiu<l foure score: llie whicli number was well lessened by the great quantilic of
sinikcs of >o-|illcrie shot out of the towne from many places.

The artillerie of the Turkes was such as followeth.

First there were si\c great guniies, cannons ])erriers of brasse, that shot a stone of three
footc and a haifc: also there were l,'>. j)icct's of iron that shot stones of line or sixe spanncs
about. .M-o there were 14. great bombards that shot stones of eleuen s|)ans about. Also
there were Iweliie basiliskes, whereof they slioi but with S. that is to weet, foure shot
a:;a\nst the posterns of Mnglaiid and .Spaiiie, and two against the gale of Italv: the other
two shot sometime against .Saint Nichol.is lower. .Mso there were I.'), double gunnes cast-
ing bullets as basiliskes. The meane sh.-)l, as sacres and pasuolans, were in great number,
'fhe handgunshot ^^as innumerable and incrcilil'le. \Un there wore tweiue potgumies of
brasse that shot xpw.ird, where<il" eight were set bciiiiul the church of .S. ("osme and Dainian,
and two at saint lohii de la Fontaine low.inl the port of Italv, and tiie other two afore the
g.ite of .\uuergne, the which were shot night ami dav: and there were three sorts of them,
Nvliereof the gre.ilest were of sixe or seuen spanncs about. .\nd the savd stones were cast
into the towne to make murder of people, which is a thing very inhumane and fearelull,
which inaiier of shooting is little vsecl amini;,'si christian men. Howbeit bv euident myracle.
tiianked be God, the sayd pieces did no great harme, and slew not past 'i4. or '^j. ])ersons,
and the most part women and (iiildren, and thev be};an to shoot with the said pieces from
the l*>. day of the same monetli, \nto the end of .August, & it was accounted that they shot
yiKH). limes more or lesse.

■fhen tlie enemies were warned by the lewe that wrote letters to them of all that was done
ami savd in the towne, that the sayd |)otguiin('s did no harme: wherefore they were angr\,
for they thiiu;iht that thev had slaine the third |)art of our people: and thev were counselled
bv liiio lo leaue I'lat shooting, for it was hut lime lost, and ponder wasted, and then they

1! 1) '2 shot

187

188

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Ume of Rhodes.

:'. .i ;. n

■ \i

;'ii

shot no more with Ihcm. Il is of a triicth that they «hot with the sayd pntgiinnof* 12. or 15.
times with bullets of l)r.isse or n)|)i»cr, dill of wild (ire. and when they were in the ayre,
Ihev llnmed loorth, and in fallinj,' on the sfimd, they hrake, and the fire came out and did
some harine. But at liic last wee- knew the maiiio thereol', and the people was waric I'ruin
comming necre to them, and thcrerorc they did hurt no more folke.

lh)W the captainc Ciabriel Martinin)ro tame to the suceor of Rhodes, and all the
slaucs were in danger to be -laine.

Tile li+. day of the same nioneth a hrijjantinr arrincd that was sent afore into Candic,
wherein came a wortliv ( aptainc nanietl Gabriel Mariiningo with two other raptains. And
llierc went to rerciue him nicssieur prou lohn pri ir of S. Ciilos, and the prior of Nauarre.
Then after his honourable reieiuinj{ .is to him well appertained, they bronchi him before the
lord f;reaf master, that loiiinsjlv recciued him, and he was i>ladK -eenc and wclcoinined (if the
peoi)l(', as a man tlial was named \ery wise and injL;enious in frnls of w.irre. Then came a
Spaniard rencjjado from the host, thai !>aue \s warninp; of all that was done in the field, and
of the approchinp by the frcni lies that our enemies made.

.And in likewise there arose a ^reat noise in the towne, that the slaiie-i Turks that wroiij^hf
for \s in llie didies had slaine their keepers, and would haue (led, which was not so. Neiier-
thelcs>e, the rumour was fjreat, and they ranj; alarmc: wherefore the sayd •daues coinming
to i)ris(ni, as it was ordeined in al the alarnies, were met of the jieoplc, which in j;reaf
aiiu'iT pill ihcm to death: so that there were slain an hnndred & inoe llie same dav. And if
the lord ureat master had not commanded that none should hurt them, they had bene all
slaine, and there were lirieene iuindreth of them; which slaues did <;real 5enii<e in time of
the sie;ie; for they laboureil dayly to make our defences, and to east earth out id" the ditches,
and in all works they were neie>sary at our needs.

How the great Tiirke arriiied in person before Rho<le«..

THe '25 day of the -ayd moiieth manv of our men went out for to skirmish in the (icid
and made ijreat murder of Turks, and in likewise ilid cur artillery. And it is to be noted
that the 'iS div <if the same inoneih the jjreai Turke in person passed le I'iscoa hauen in the
niainc land with a j;allev atui a (iist. and arriued about noone, where his army lay. the which
day may be called xnhniipic Iit Rhodes. For his romminn;, his presence and contiiiuall
abidinu in the (ielde is and liath tieeiie cause of the vi( torie that he hath had. When the
},'allic that he came in was arriued, all the other shipjies of the hoste hanijed banners aloft in
their lojijies and on their savie \crilcs.

Soone after that the Turke was arriued, he went to land, and mounted on his horse, and
rode to his pauilinii which was in a high place called .Megalaiidra, foure or fine miles fro the
towne out of the danger of the gimne shot. .\nd on the nioniw, as it was reported to vh,
hee came to a Cliiircii iiinh the lowne tailed Saint Steuen, for to \iewe the Towne and fur-
frcsscs, where.is they had set \p niantellets for to lay their ordinance.

THe last day of luly, one of our brigandines went out with a good comp.mv of men
araycd as Tiirkes, and sonic of thcin could speake Turkish, and went by I'ight to iaiide
through the Tiirkcs hoste, and dcnuiiinded if there wen- any that would passe oner into
i'lirkie, that they slioiiid iuiste them to come. The Turkes weening that they had beene of
Tiirkie, there entred a I'i. persons, the width were tarried to RIkkIcs, by whotn we knew
VNhaf they <|id in the campe.

The first day of .\iigust the ('aj)iaine (labricl .Martiningo was made kni;.;ht of the order of
the religion by the lord great .Master, and was made the first aiiiu lent of the Italian nation,
of the first baliagc or priorie that should be \atani. .\n(l in the meane season the religion
should giue him twelue hundred din ales for pension cucry yccre, and the same day he was
rttcincd to tiie Countell in tlie rooine of a b.i\ life.

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The

The losse of Rhodes.

The fil't clay of the sayil mon

jjrcat

]oH<iC (or v» at fhnt time.

TUAFFIQURS, AND DISCOUEIUES.

)iir master gunner vim (tlainc with a gunnc, which was

180

The 15. d.»y <if the sayil iiioncth w.is knoweii and taken for a traitor, Messire John Bap-
tisla, the piiysiiion aforcjayd, which confessed his ciiill and diiielish doings, and had hi^
head striken of.

Of the niariiciloiis mounts that the Turks made afore the townc, and how the capi-
taines were ordered in the trenches.

AKtcr tin- comminj; of the jireat Turke, the enemies began to shoote with ordinance of
another sort tlicn they did l)efore, and >pecially with harquebushes and handjjuns, and also
to make their trenches and approchcs. And aNo they did more diligence then afore, to
brine V earth ni^h the towne with .spades and pickaxes. And it is to weet, that they
mooiicd the earth from hall'c a mile ut)', and there were shot out of the towne innumerable
strokes with orilin:uice ai^ainst the savd earth, and innumerable quantitic of people hid be-
hind the sayd tarth, were slaine. Neu rihclcsse thev neuer left working till they had
brouf-'ht it to the brinimes of the ditches; and when it was there, they raised it higher and
hif^her in >lrchfi;lhnin!; it \n Iviid. .\iid in conclusion the sayd earth was higher then the
wals of tlie towne by 10. or VI. Ionic, and it seemed a hill. And it was agaynst the gale of
AuiuTgne and Spainc, and beat our men that were at the i^:ites & bulwarks, in such wise,
that none dur>t be scene till cerlaino defences and repaires were made of |il:uikes and boards
to coucr our people and kcepe them from the shot. .And at the gate of Italy was made such
another heapc, and in none other pari.

When the trenches were thus made to the ditches, the enemies made holes in the wals of
ihe ditch oniwnrd: whcrelhoniw thev sh. t inli'iilelv with haiidgunnes at our men aswcll
on the walles as on the bulwarks, ami slew main of them. Then the bashas and capfaines
enired into the trenches, ech to hi-. ))iace al'u r llicir order and dignity: that is to wit, Mus-
tafa Raslia as chiere captainc enired t'.e trench direct to the bulwarke of England with his
|ieii])le i*^ capt.iincs %nder him. I'erv Mas.-ha went to the trenches against the gate of Italy
with his folkes and captaincs vnder him. /Vcinek IJassha was in the trenches ol' .\uuergne
and Spaine with the Aga of the laniAaircs and the Beglarbv of Homanv with him. The Heg-
iarby of Nalolia was in the trenches of I'rouence. .Mlibev was with his conipany against
the u'ardins of saint Anthonv on the North side, and diuers other captaincs with him, and
set his ordinance against ilie wall of the ga'e of .Miiiaine, which w.is but wcake, and set vp
scucn uKintellets by the niilles toward the West; and bv the space of eight or nine davex
they beat \pon the sauic wall; wliiili put vs in great feare, if thev had continued, llowbeit
the noble lord j;rcat master forthwith caused ri[) aires to be made within, and planks \- tables
to be set to fortilie liie sayd wcake wall; and abode there from the mcrning lil night, to
cause it to be the more hasted. The arlillcrv of the gate of .Mmainc, and the Massif nf
the gate ol the campc and of the palais beat so sore and so often \poii the sayd mantellets
that it wearied the enemies to make and repairc them so often: and they tooke \p the pieces,
and bare them away. And also ihey could not well beat liie savd wall because the brinimes
of the ditch without were almost as hie as the w;dl that they Iieat. But or they bare the ar-
tillery away, they beat the steeple of S. lohns church so, that the most part was broken and
cast downe. The foresavd mantellets were appointed to beat S. \i( holas tower, and by the
.space of ten or twelue dayes they shot sore against it; but thev had so shar])e and vigorous
answere, that there was not one mantcllot that abode whole an houre. 'i he (apiaine of the
.sayd tower and his folke did such diligCMC and busines-e in shooting oil' their pieces, that
the enemies durst set vp no more mantellets by day, nor shoot no more but oiiely by
night, while the Moone did sliinc, which is a thi;ig worthv of niemorv, of maruaile, and
of praise. At the last when thev had beiten against the sayd tower a certaine time, seeing
that it furthered nothing, they looke their ordinance fro thmce, and bare it where lhe\
thought best.

During the shot in the sayd place, the other capt.ii;ic:j were not idle n( r in a slcepc, but wi

\ .

'V>i

oill

HK)

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Tlic toHSc of Rhodin.

'. >i

mil c'i':wrni^lit and day ihcy bent the uall oT F.ii};lnii(l nnd Spninc, mid srt riiiirc'l(>LMic< inaii-
icllct-t again-*! it, slidofiiif; jjrfat boinbardt, wIutcoI' tdiiH' of the xtDiiiN were line or >i,\e
spanncs about, and soini* other of nine or ton : and wiihiii a innnclh and Icsm- tliry ta»tdo\4nc
the wail abnost eiien smooth with the Barl)iian. And when the s.iv(! wall was so ijealcn, ihev

set to l)eat the bnlwarl^e of Spaiiie fur to raise the defi'iices: and in their Irenches ihey set
three great l)oini)urds, which shot slonis of eleiien spaiine- in idiiijiassc, and with thesayd
jiieces thev beat the savd l)nlwarke and wall in such wise, that they inaile <;r<'at bracks, and
the stone-, and earth that Ceil, scriied the enemies fur l,nl(ler>, so liiat they nujjht come Npoii
liie plaiiie jjrouiul. In like sort they raised the dcfeiues from the height of the bnlwarkeai
tlie |)i'.strrne of I'ronence, and set three ureal pieces on the briinme of the ditch, which
shot atones of eleiun spannes again^: the w.dl, aiid within a while they made a breach as at
the po-.leriie of Spaiiie. The artillery of the tnwiiedid shoot without cease againxt the nian-
tellets, and i)rake main of them, but they made other as it is »iayd in the nights. For they
had all things that belonged to them, \' nee<led. And out of the posterne of Kngland was
^hot a gnniie that brake downe one (d' the sayd mantellet-i, and hit \pc n one of the pieces,
and slew fouie or line men, and bare aw.iy boih the legs of the ma-ier of the onlinanre,
uhich (lied soone after: whereof the great Turk)- was very ill <ontciit, and «a\d that he had
rather haiie lost one of his ba>shas or capl.iiiic-. ihen ilu; s.ud m isicr. Also it is to knowen
that there were three or fouie malllellets addressed agaiiNt the plain ground (d' Italy, and lis
(oiitiniiall beating of shot that thev m:iile, there was also a bre.nh, ard by the e.irtli anii
stones that were fallen, ihe\ might come vp to it.

Of the politike r<'|iaircs and defences thai the iiigi nioiH caplaine (labricl Marli-
iiiiigo, made within the towiie against the breaches in ilu- wallcs.

Tile raptainc (iabriel Ntartiningo, prompt, dilig( nl, and < \pcrt lo gnie remedies to the
needful places, foi rlhwith c.nised to make the liaui im -. vpon the w, ill win re.is (he breach w,i-,
will) good repaires, and giiiKies small and gre:it which wfre -ci in il.c >a\d ir.uicrse-, the
whit h »hol not onelv ai ihc breaches Inn to the trciii lies, and iiMiie gre.il nnirdcr of ene-
mies a-well al the assaull* thai tlc\ m.ide asolherwl.ilc-. And hcsidc llie Irauer-es, the s;ivil
laplaine planted >inall arlilkrv, a> hait|iieliuslu's, and handgniine- \ poll cert.iine houses with-
in the lowne, that stood open again-t ilu- brcac h, \sitli gi'od repairi-: and Iroin tli.it place

great

'hti r of Turks w

;is m.iiic at ti.e .is-^imlls.

.M-o it is of triK ih that beside the savd

lantcllcts that shot against the wall of I'.ngland and .Spaine with great bombards, were two
lantellcis in an hie pl.ice Inward the w.iv to the ganliii of .Mau|)as, in the whii h were eer-

oiK's and wihU' lire in them, whi( h shotagaiiisi

tame double gum

les, as basilisks with hol.iw si

the wall into the lowiic at ;ill aiiciilures for lo make iiiuriler (.1 pccjiU'. howbeil. thanked l;e

(iod

hev (lid no

irc.it hariiie but to ihc hi iisc-

.\fter these great iV terrible bealings, and that the enemies had wa\ lo mount vpon llic
lowne walle-, and cmne lo hand with vs bv Irauersiiig cd' iheir Irene hcs lo the (alien e.irl'i
\siihin the breach more sureK, ai.d wiihoui hurt of our gunshot, shooiing ihorow holes thai
thev made in the walles of the diii h v^iihout, ihev (asi vp muc h stone ainl e.irih, beiaiise it
should couer thcni from the shot of the biilwarke of .\uueigne. ,\iid aUo they shot fenienllv
against the biilwarkc of .Spaine, for to raise the defeiues, id the which at the last ihey raised

e most part, reseruing on

Iv a fi

iiniers below in the mine of the savd bulwarke, v\hie h

itie ( r nothing damaged them. .And this is touching liie

It, whereid 1 »av not the third

pari, because it is a thing iniredible to them lh.it liaiie not seeiie it. Tor some d.ives ihev shot
vviih those great bonib.irds that were on the briinaie of the dilch, and from the manlelleis
Ik lit against the wall of Ijigland and .Spaine 'iU or .'>'0 limes and more. And I beleeiie verilv
iliai since the creation of the world siuh artillery , and so great quantitv was neucr bent and
laved before any lowne as hath beiie against Khodesat this siege. Wherhirc it is no inariiell
if the wallc!) be and haue bene beaten downe, and il ihere be breaches and clifls in inanv
places.

l'« '.

nuiuU-H.

Jlic tostc of iihodct.

TI{AITIQUF,S. AND DISCOUEHIES.

101

ic niaii-

(ir >ixe

t (InvMU-

<n, llu-y

tllfV ti't

the *ayil

•k-*, iinil

nu' xiitiii

Iwarkf^ii

h, which

u'h as at

the nian-

Fi r they

land v.i*

If piccfx,

nlinanrc,

at he had

) knowcti

Iv, and 1)\

iMi'th and

Uarli-

(licM lo lh<-
)riM(h %\.'i>,
iicr-^c, ihf
ilir III' cnc-
i>, the s;\yd
i(iu»t'> wiih-
I ih.it i)lat<'
itli- ihf -avd
>, ucrc two
h wtTi' ( rr-
>ihi>t acain-il
, thankcil hi'

ml \|ii'n llu'

■ (alh'U f.iri'i
w hdlcs that
I, l)('iau>i- II
iiot IfnicniU

■ t ihc-y r:iiscil
(Niirkc, \\lii(h

not the third
vf< they ^hi't
i- niantclh't-
cli'fiiP xcrily
•mr bi-nl and

i^. no inanirll
lift- in M\aiiv

Of (he niincii thai the Turks made: and how they oucrthrcw pari of the biilwarke

(>r Kiighiiui.

ANd heraiise as it is navd hcfore, that the greatest hope that the enemies had to jret tin-
lownc ol' Hhodcs, was by liiinin);, therefore now after that 1 haue spoken of the ;;iinsh(it and
beatings, I shall shew of the mines that the Turks made, the which were in so irreat (luantity,
and in so maiiv plares, that I bcleeuc the third part of the townc was mined: and it i-. h)iind by
arcoiint made, that there were al)i'iit (i(> mines, howbeit, thanked be (iod, many <d' them eamo
not to ellett, by oreasion of the tonntermines tliat they within made, and also trenches* that
the rij;ht prudent lord the ureat ina-ter laused to be made deepc within the ditehes, viito two
or three foot of wattT. The whirh trenches and ( ertaiiie pits that he had caused in the «ayd
ditches to be wriiiij^ht, or the luwt arrined, serued rif;ht well since : for ni};ht and day there
were mi ii in them to watch and hearken when the enemies mined, for to meet them and cut
their wav, as was doii<' many times.

And for ti)s])cake of the mines that ha<l elVect, and damaged vs, it is to wit, that the fourth
dav of September, about foure houres after noone, the enemies put (ire in two mines, one
was belwi-ene (he posterne of S|)aine and .Xiuiersne, which did no hurt but to the Barbican,
The other w.is at the bidwarke of Kngland, which was so fell and stroiij;, that it caused most
part of the town to shake, and cast (lown a j;reat part of the sayd bulwarke at the spring of
tiled IV : and liy the earth and stones that fell into th«' ditches, the enemies came \pon the
I'ulwarke with their banners, and fmight sure ami mi;;lilily with our men, not with hand-*, but
with shot 111' handgunnes. The lord urea t master that was come l.'» dayes or more with his
succours til the sayd bulwarke, went with his company to helpc them that fought. After that
tliev had fmiglit the sj);iie of two or three houres, the enemies repelled and driueii backc
bv our men fri>m the savd bubsarke, and beaten with ordinance on euery side, withdrew
them with their losse, shame, and damage. And this was the lirsi victory that our lord gaue
vs, ;ind there abode oC nur enemies a thousand and more.

When this assault was done, they made another at tlie lircach in the wall of .Spaiue, and
mounted \ pon if, but ihc ordinani e of the trauerses of the walles and of the hoiiscs made so
I'.iire a riihlaiiie, that liiev were \erv willing to withdraw ihemselues : for at the retreat, and
also at their loinming tiie savd onliiiaiue oi the hnlw.irke did them great damage, albeit that
the\ had m.ide some rop.iire of earth. Of our mcndied that day Mo or thereabout, as well knights
as other. .\iid the same day in the morning (le|)aried out of this world (Jabriel ile I'omerollcs
lieutenant to the lord master, which on a cj'rtaiiie dav before fell from the wall as he went
to see thi- trenches in the diirlics, and hurt his breast, and for fault of good attendance he
fell into a f»'uer, whereof he died.

How the Tiirkk assaded the bulwarke of I'.ngiand, and how thev were driuenawav.

Tile ninth day of the sayd moneth, at seuen in the morning the enemies put (ire in two
mines; one at the posterne of I'roueiue, which had none edeit: the oilu r was at the bul-
warke of I'.ngiand, which felleil another piece nigh to that that was cast duwne afore. And
the sayd mine was as (iercc as ihe other, or more, for it seemed that all the bulwarke went
downe, and almost all they that were in it ranne away. And when the standerd of the religion
came into the sayd biilwark<', the enemies were at the lireach ready to liauc entered: but
when they saw the sayd standerd, as jieople lost and oiiercome, they went downe againc.
Then the artillery ol the bulwiirke of (iuos(inino, and of other places, (ound them well enough,
and slew many of them. Howbeit, theircaptaiues made them to relurne with great strokes of
swortlesand other weapons, and to remount vpon the earth fallen from the sayd bulv>arke, and
pight seuen banners nigh to our repaire. Then our men fought with morispikes and (ixcd
Hpcares against them the space of three whole houres, till at the last thev being well beaten with
great ordinance and small on eucrv side, withdrew theinselues. .\nd of their banners our men
gate one, lor it was not possible to get any more : for a.ssoonc as any of our men went vp on our

repaires,

A tluniMiid k
m.'rf Tuikcft
ilaiiie beli>rt
(lir Fji|[lllhbul-

w.iikf.

I'l

J n

'•/,

', ,ill

. >v

r.t.

I!.'.'

'I* WO ihntit4iiJ

)lif Kii^liih bul
WJikr.

VOYAOrs, NAfrCATIONS,

The lotue of lihulfn.

ri'paiitN, 111' w.iM slainc with hiikiII ^iiiiiun of iK<' n ihi>«. ^H'l oliMni.ulc in ihc w.iIIi-k u[ oh,
(liirluN, And lIuTC was slaiiic 111' our I'licmicx tli:i* .. y at die ih--^"'! !■ <'" I > anciiirii aiul
. tliri'c lUTooMH (if csiafc, which lay dc.u! ''-Mig in llir tllf^h. wiili far* niii liil iiarnrsno. Vrnj
it wa!t rcM)i)rlcd Ions from liir canipe, the\ ^rre three sjiii if l>ei.., that m If. • i^ , jjreai senrsliilios
or siiiarJ.s. Ami of Christian nu'ii of our par» al'mlf al)oul thirty })crsoi ^ Ami this w;i ihc
"ccoml sictory ^'iiu'ii to vs !>) ihu Kracediuinc.

How Sir luhn Hoiiruh Ttircnplirr of I'm ^ land w.m sIuiiu' at an aMauU of (he Ivnj^li^h

liiilwnrkc.

Till" 17 day oj" ihi- -.anie nioncth, about midday, ihc cnciny tailiP ORainc to );iiii' another
a-.auU li> the sayd biilwariie, at the same place alorcsayd, without scilnri: of lire in mines,
;iml i)iMii>;ht Hue l)aiiners will) ihem, nigh lo llie repaires. Then was there stroir){ li;;lilin){
on l)i>lh |(art->, and there were ^rotten two of their l)ai)ners, of tlie which sir Chrislopher
N'aldcnare, lint lime Ca^lelaine of Khodes, ^aleone: ihoot.'ier was in ihe hands of sir lohn
liour^h Tiirciipjier ol' Kiifrland, ihiefe caplaincor the surcour> of thesayd |»i>siernc of Vm^-
land, a valiant man iV hardy : and in hoidintt of it he was slaiiie with the stroke of u hand-
unnnc, which wa-i j;rcal damage. The s,iyd lianner was rccoiiered liy one of our men. Anil
after loDu (iulitinj; on I'oth sides, the encn ies seein;; that they ^ot iiotliin): but stripes, re-
liiiiied into iluir trenches. At the sayd fray llie lord prior of S. Ciilcs |)re luhn was huri
iImi'iiw the iiecke \>ith a haiid^nn, and was in f^rcal dan;(er of death, bnl he escaped and w.i .
mailc whole. The ^ame day, and the sanu" hoiii'c of ihe «ayil assault, liie enemies mounted
to the breai h in ihc wall of Spainc, and came to the rcpaires to the handes of our men, and
inuuht a jtreat wliile ; but the great quantity of artillery that wa- shot so busily and «o sliarpU
from our irauerses on ech side, and cut of the bulwarks ol Aiaierunc and Spaine, skirini'<heil
then) t»o well, that there abode as many at that assault as at the other of limlaiul, well neere
t.i tlie number of .'i(KM). Aiiil they withdrew ihcmsilucs \«illi their ureal lo'<se and confiisjoii,
which was tie third linn- that ihev ucre chafed and ouerci'iue: thanked be our Lord, which
j{aue \s the furi e and pi wer so Id iliu', for ilicv \M're b\ estimation a hundred ai^aitisi one

ANii tiie 'i'l day of the same moneili of .Sepieinber they lited a mine belweene Italy and
I'i'oueiiie, which did no iiarine.

Of the terrilde iiiiiie at llie posierne of Aiinrri;i

.VNd the 'li day id' llie same iiiciielli llsc) lired H>

mines, oik

e at tlie posiernc ol Sjiaiiic

I Sp,

.Old the other by the bulwarke of .\uuerniie, the wliich mine by .\iiui'r;;iie was so terrible,
that it made .ill the tuwiie to shake, and made the wall lo open from .iboiie to beneath miio
the plaiiie f;round ; iiowbeil, it fell not, for tlu- mine had vent <r breath in two |)laces, hv

>ne ol the coiiiitermiiu s, and b\ a ncke viider the IJ.irbi

(Mil, tlie \wiicl

id cic

tli.it I left the fury .iiid mii^ht of the mine had issue. ,\iul if die sayd two yents li.id not bene,
the wall had bene turned \jiside downe. .\nd for truth, as it w.is npnrtcd to \s out of iju'
lainpe, the enemies had jjn. it hopi' in ti.e -..ivd mine, thiiikiii'.; tli.it the wall sjiould (nn,,.
bene oiiertlu'iiweii, and then ihes mi>;lit li.nie ciiteri il into the lowiie at their pleasuu's: Imt
when they saw the contrary, tlics were very ill plea-ed. ,\iid the lajilaines ditcrniii.id to

assault al i'oiire jilaies :it oiue, to make \s il

le more ailoo, ,iii<

I to h

aue an eiilruiice into

the townc bv one of the fuure. .\iiil the s:iyd day and iiijjht liny i eased not to shoot artil-
lery : and there came in hope of llie mine threescore thoiis.md men and moe into the treni hcs.

How the biilwarkc of Spainc wa* lost, .ind woone anaine.

■file 'i4 day of the same nKuicth. a little before day, they j;:iue assault al tlie breach ofSpaiiu',
to the bulwarke id" England, lo the |)osteriie of ridiieiuc, and at Ihe |)Iaiiic ground of ii.,K.
all at one hourc & one lime. The (irst that mounted to the breach of .Spaine, was ihe .\;; i
of the laiiissaries, a valiant man, and <d >;rcal coura>;e with his company, and bare three
score or three score and lenne banners and .sii^nes. and |)ij;ht ihcm in the earth of ihe iMeacIi,
and then fouylit with our men, and mounted on our rcpaires, making other maiier of fr.iv

Thf lo»»e nf Hhntlei.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISrOUFHIFA

.mil inort- riK'""""* •''•'ii '''*' <ill>«'i" ll>;il w«tc pasurd, and ihc layd ■•kirmith la*»ril alxnil ni\p
liinirf<. Ami fiirtliwitli, at llu':i«smll wa<» niiirn, a Krcaf tort oi' Turku cntrcd iiilit the hiil-
wjrke «f S|iaini\ anil ^it v|» rixhi or niiii- linnrw or l)annpr»< vpon it, ami droin- i)»ir mi-n oiH,
I r.iii not trll hiiw, vnwari's or othcrwi'P. And they were iortU of it three lioure<< and more
llowlxii the.' were of oiir men beneath in the nunc of the wyd Iniiwarke, the whirh hiil-
warke so lust, j-aue vh fiiill hope. Hut iiicnnlinently the lord ^rt'at master heinj; at the ile-
Icni e of the |iiwtirne ol Ijiyland, hailing knowledge of the Hay<l Iohkc, and that there y/at
great (i);htin;j and re*iilinre on hnih MideH at the breach ol' Spaine, marched iliither with the
l)4nnir of the (riiiili\, le.uiin^ the < hari;e of the ^ayd bnlwarkc in the hands ol' the bailili'
df li '.force Mienxienr Mery ("ondiant. And the lord moinited on the wall o( Spaine, whereat
then lu'jj.iM :( a'e.il tkirniioh, ami etierj man laved his handes to worke, at well to put the enc-
niie<( out of IM lif<'«ih, im to reeoner the bnlwarkc that was lost. And the -tayde lord nent a
eonipanv of men iii' the bnlwarke by the n te of the mine, or by the fJ:rbiran, the whirh
ciitred at the ■•ayil j;ate, ,hmI went \p. where they Inund but lew Turke'C, For the artillery
of the po><tiTne of Fnglan<l, rijjlit ;i;;aitis| ilic l)iilwarke of Spaine, had "o well met and «irat-
Icred (hem, that within a wliili' our men had sl.iioe all them that were left. And tluM the
Mavde hulwarke wax jfoiten and ri'Cdiiered ajjaine, and with all dili}»enre were made new re-
pairer and strengths to the -nvd plate. And m like «orl, the enemies were put from the
iireaeh, and few of llieui ex(a|)ed, and all their iiioners and ■ii>;iic« were left with vi*. Surely
it may be x.iyl, that alter the j^nue of (iod (the tr-uicrses ol Spaine and Aiiucr){nc, and the
••mall artilU ry set on thf hon-e* ri^jht a^ainnt the •«a\d brcarhes, ax it )^' sayd, with the com-
niinjs and pM'»ei'<e of the lonlnreat master) hath unien , - ihixdavex v'u (ory.

A> iniichinn ''"■ nuirdiT nf the people, done by the arii(lr/rv ol thf bulwarkcx of Knf^land
ami SpaJlie, the <pi.iniii\ was smh that a man could not perrcine nor see any ground of the
di'clics. And fhe sitncli nf (he maslilx rarions wax so f;rieiious, that we nii^ht ni<t sufler it
seuen or eij;hi d.i. <■■< alier. And at the List, they that ininht sane themseluex did xci, and
withdrew theniseiuo^ t.^ llip Ireni he* ' and the reiierend lord ^reat master abmle \ictorious of
the savd plai e, and in like sort ol ilic other three assaidts, the which were but little Kssc then
that of Spaine, for thev fouuht Innj; Hut in conclusion, the enemies beaten on all ■•ides, and
in so many surti*, with artillery were piir backe, and vanquished, that there died tiia( dav at
alt the foiire places fifteene or sixteene iKiUxand. And the slnii^hter was so j;reat at the plaine
Ifalv, of the riirscd enemies, that the sea wa'< made redde with their blood. And on onr side
akodit'd to the number of an hundred men or more. .And of men of dignity in the towne,
hanini; charfje, died Sir Francis de l'r<'noI/ comniander of Komania, which Sir Francis wad
chief'e cajitaine of the preat ship of Ithodc, and he was slaine at the plaine of Italy, wounded
with two strokes of hanpiebushes : it was jjrcal damniaj;e of his death, for he was a worthy man,
perfect, and full of venues. There died also nu«sieur Nastasy de sancta Camilla aforenamed,
haninn two hundred men vndcr him of tlie lord great masters sucroun*. There diul also di-
ners other worthy men that <lay, and many were miimeil. Among all other that lost anv
member, messieur lohn de le Touz called Pradines, bein, at the sayil i)ulwarke, with a stroke
of artillery had his arme smitten away, in great clanger ti. haue lost his life; howbeit bv the
licipe of God he died not. In like (,ort the same dav was hurt Sir William Weston abouesayd,
eaplainc of the postcrne of Kngland, and had one of his lingers stric ken away with an har-
cpiebnsh : which knight brhaued himselfc right woorthily at all the .nssaults. Of the Turkcs
part, of great men, were two principal! captaines slaine vnder the Aga of the lanissaries,
and another captaine that was come out of Surey to the campc certeine dayes before, with
sixc hundred Mamelukes, and two or three thousand Moores. And of them that were hurt
of great men the Beglarby of Natolia had a stroke with an :irrow as he was in the trench of
I'ronence. And many other were wound.-d, whose names be nut rehearsed here, becaute of
shortncuse.

1U.1

Sir v^'ill. wm.

ton c^ptainr of
Ihc F.nglith poo
ttrac hurt.

VOL. II.

Uotv

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The lossc of Rhodes.

'! I

IIow tlip cicat Tiirkc for anger that he coiild not get the towne, would haue put
his chiefe raptaine to dcati), and how they made II mines vnder the Inilwarkc of
England.

DVring this assault, the great Turke was bv his pauillion in a plarc that he had caused to
be made, and saw all thcbusinesse, and how liis ijeojjlc were so sharpely put backe, and the
victory lost on his side, & was very sure displeased, and halfe in despairc : and he sent for
Mustafa Rasha with whom he was angry, and chid him bitterly, saying that he had caused
him U) come thither, and h.id made him lo beleeuc that he should take llie towne in fifleene
dayes, or a moneth at the furthest; and he had becne there already three numelhs will) his
army, and yet thev had done nothing. And after these wordcs he was purposed to put him
to death in the campc: but the other Bashas shewed him that he ought not to do iustice in the
land of his enemies, for it would cofort them and giue them courage. Whereby he did mo-
derate his anger, and left him for that time, and tliouglil to send him lo Ciiiro, K-ast the peo-
ple there would rebell, by occasion of the captaine of Cairo which died a few dayes before.
Howbeit he departed not so suddenly, and or he weni he thought to assay if he might do some
thing for to please the Turke, aswell for his honour as for to saue his person, and was mar-
ucllous diligent to make mines at the buUsarke of Iviigiand for to ouerthrow it. And by ac-
count were made II mines aswell to the sayd bnlwarke as elswhere, beside ihcm spoken of
before, and that they had lired. Hut the most part of the savd mines came to no |)roofe tiiough
they put fire in them, and many were met with counterniines, and broken by our men by the
good diligence and sollicitude of sir Gabriel l)u-chef steward of the house of the lord great
ma.slcr, which had the charge of the savd countermines at the same bulwarkc. In the which
businesse he behaued himselfe well and worthily, and spared not his goods lo cause the jieo-
ple to worke and trauell, but spent thereof largely.

llow the Turks were minded to haue gone their wav, and of the traitours within the
towne, and of many great assaults.

Tile Turks seeing that Ipv mining they were nolhing furthered, nor might not come to
their it)tentions, and hauing but small store of gunpowder, were in deliberation and minde
to haue raised the siege, and gone their way. ,\nil in deed some of them bare their cariages
toward 'he shippes: and also certaine number of peo])le went out of the trenches with their
•standards straight to the ships. .Niul it was written \nto vs from the campe how the Ianis.saries
and other of the host would fight no more : and that they were almost all of one opinion for
to go away, saue some of the ca|itaines of the forcsavd Mu-itafa Hassha or Acinek Hassha.
And in the ineane season the false traitours that were in the towne wrote letters to the cainpc,
giuing them knowledge of all that was sayd and done among \s. And also an Albanese (Icil
to the enemies cami)e, and warned them not to go, lor llie gunshot was nigh wasted, and ih.ii
the most part of the knights and people should be theirs s!u)rllv.

In like sort then wrote the abouesayd Cha'iceilcr Sir Atulrew de Merall, whoso treason as
then Was not knowen : but when it connneth to the ell'cct of his treason, I shall shew the
knowledge that he gaue to the cnemie«. at diners times.

When the bashas and captaines of the ho^'tc viulerstood thes.-i\(l warnings, ihev all pur-
l)os.'d for to tary, and caused those tidings of the towne to be knowen oner all the armv. And
beganne ayaine to shoot artillery faster then eiier they did, for new shot was come into tiic
campe. Then .Mustafa IJassha being in desi):'ire that he couM do nothing b\ mines, by gun-
shot, nor by a.s-^aults, he being ready to depart for to goe into .Surev by the great Turkes coni-
uiandemcnt, before his departing hee tli 'Uglit once againe to assav his aducnture, and made
three assaults three dayes together. The (irst was on a .S;iturday the fourth dav of October
an luHire before night. The other on .Sunday in the mornini;. Aiul the third on .\lundav
after diiuier. .\nd the sayd three assaults were made to tlu' bulwarke <rf ICngland. And it wj--
assaileil but with stones and b.tgges full of arlilici.iil lire. And at these three assaidts manx
of our men were hurt with tiie savd (ire, and witli i.ie stones that came as ihicke as ratne or

hailc.

wik.^k'^

Rhodes,

put

c of

rauscil to
, ami the
; sciil liir
id causcil
n fiftcenc
» with liN
1 put him
lice in the
icdiil nio-
a tlie pi'd-
,cs lieiiirc.
ht ilo some
i \v:is niar-
\iul by at-

•.poken of
lolc though
men by llu-

lord great
1 tlie whicli
ISC the peo-

liin the

lot come fii
I and niinde
heir carias^es
s with their
ic lanissiarics
opinion f"r
niek. Basslia.
o tlie cain|)r,
Lll)aiiese fled
^ted, and lluii

^e trca-ioii as
lall slicw the

they all pur-
R- army. And
ome into the
lines, by ^un-
it Tiirkcs loin-
re, and made
av of October
rd on Mnnday
[1. And it wjs

assaults manv

eke as raine or

haile.

The lorn of Rhodes,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

195

haile. But in the end the enemies got nothing but strokes, and returned into their trenches
ciiill contented, and miirniuring, and sware by their Mahomet that Mustafa Bassha shouide
not make them to mount any more to thesayd bulwarke. And that it was great follv for them
to cause them to be slainc at the will and fantasie of one man. These wordes sayd in Grceke
bv some of the enemies were heard of our men as they went downe from the bulwarke. And
because (as it is sayd) that the enemies at the assaults that were made, came vp by the earth
and stones that fell from the breaches, some of our men aduised to dense the barbican, and
lake the earth out of the ditch, to the end that the enemies should not easily come vpon the
wall. And in efl'oct weening that it were well and behoouefull to be done, by great diligence
night and day by mines they voided the barbican, and the most part of the earth that lay in
the ditch was brought into the towne, the which was hurtfull afterward, and was cause that the
enemies got the foot of the wall. Notwithstanding, they had it but scarsely. But this clean-
sing furthered the time, and caused them to get it sooner then they should haue done if the
earth had lien still : but their linall intent was to raise the defence of the bulwarks, and then
passe at their pleasure, and enter into the barbican, as they haue done : for the enemies see-
ing that the barbican was clensed, thought to get into it by trenches, and so they did, howbeit
thev were certaine dayes letted by our handgun shot. The enemies seeing that they might not
come ncere it, couered their trenches with tables to saue themselues : and then they made a
mine whereby they might goe to the barbican, So by these two meanes, afterward they were
repaired with earth and with a certaine wall that they made fortoe.schew the .shot of the bul-
warks of Auuergne and Spaine: and in the mine they found but two gunners, which they
slew by force of men. By this maner they being couered on all parts and without any danger,
passed thorow and lept into the barbican, and got the foot of the wall; which was the 17 day
of October, an vnhappy day for the poore towne, and occasion of the mine thereof, and win-
ning of the same.

At this point thev slept not, but lightly and with great delight they began to pickeandhew
the wall. And weening to make remedy therefore, and to linde meanes to driue them from
the sayde barbican w ith engins of lire and barrels of guni>owder, wee slew many of them, but
it auailed nothing: for the quantitie and multitude of people that trauelled there was so great,
that tiicv cared not for losseof them. And if we had had men enow within the towne, there
miulit hiuie bene remedy to haue raised them from thence : but considering that our force and
totall hope was in pco])ie, wee left to doe many things that might haue beene done, and that
sliould haue bene good then and other times also, for fault of men of warre. At the last it
was pondred by .Sir Gal)riel Martiningo, that there was no remedy but to hew the wall for to
meet them, and beat them wiili ordinance and with enjiins of fire to burne and vndoe them.
Then our men began to hew the w.ill, and made some holes to shoot at the enemies that slept
not, but did as wee did, and shot at vs, and indeed they slew & hurt many of our men. Then
.Sir Ciabriel Martiningo ordcined to make repaires within the towne at the front where they did
cut the wall, to the end that alter the walles were cut, the enemies should know with whom to
meet. The trauerses were made on ech side with good artillery great and small : and the sayd
trauerses and repaires were of the length that the enemies had cut the wall, and beganneat
the massife of Spaine made by the reuerend lord great master Mery d'Amboise, & ended at
the church of S. Sahiador. The which trauerses and repaires the vulgar people call the Mandra,
that is to say, the field.

The me:me time \h-\ the repaires and trauerses were made with all diligence. Sir Gabriel
Martiningo neiitv ceased going toeuery place to puruey for all things: and he being on the
bidwarke of Spaine lo ordeineall things that were needfull, there came a stroke of a handgun
from the trenches that smote out his eve, and put him in danger of his life, but thanked be
God, he rcrouercd his health within a moneth and a halfe. His hurt came ill to passe, for the
need that we had of him that time in all things, and s])ecially to the repaires of the breaches.
Neuerthcles the lord priour of S. (Jiles (not ignorant in all such things) with other tnen ex-
L'lided to the savd renaires and trauerses, liicre and elswerc. The enemies

;iji\il il.il

pert I

repa

C c2

OJ1

1 1 tf

*MjV

T .' I

196

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

77»e losse of Rhodes.

on the other side night and day without rest ( for the };rcaf number of labourers that they had
hourely and newlv ready) hewed and vndermincd thesayd wall.

And the ^0 day of October they put tire in the vndcrmines, weenina; to haue cast d>wne
tlie wall, l;ut tiicy t'Piiid not : then tliey would haue pulled it downe with fjreat rope-< and
ancres, but the artillery of the biilwarke of Auucrsjne brake their ropes, and sent them away
liirhlly.

At tlie last they nindo a mine vnder the sayd wall and breach : and the 'iCt day of the same
nioneth thev did |)iit lire to the same mine, weening to haue ouerthrowen t!ie wall, which it
(lid not, but raided it, and made it lo fall almost straij;ht vpright, which was m re disaduanta<;c
to the enemies iIumi profit. Then tliey shot artillery at il, which in iewe dayes beat it downe,
and they had opcnini; and wav to coine into the Towne. Neuerthelesse it was not necessary
for them as thj-n to enter: lor the artillery of our repains beat them in the lorepart, and the
arlillerv Ivini; at the (wo uMJIes at the posierne of Quoscpiino, and in that of Ivnjiland,
whereas was a basili-.ke that beat right vpon the breach with other pieces : and there-
fore the enemies soiigl-.t other iiieanes, and besjanne to raise the earth betweene our luo
wallcs, drawini; toward the bulwarkc of Inyland on the one side, and toward Auuergne o'l
the other side, and would haue cut the wall further then our trauerses were for to come in
vnbcaten of our artillery. Then were the repaires inl.ir»ed and ;nade greater with the wall
that \v.i> cut, of the height of t«elue, \- Ki fool in bredth : and so the enemies might goe
no further forward, but shot great artillery against our repaires, for to breake and cast them
downe, and also ihey in.ide trenches for to come riglu to the breach, and vnto the rep.iires:
and certeiidv we looked dav bv da\ , and home by houre for to haue some assault. The re-
uerend lord great master, the whicli, as it is sayd, had left the bulwarke of Kngland the dav
that the great assault was made, and since that time he inoued not from thence while ihev
hewed the wall, & where as the breach was, because tiiat thev were most dangerous & most
\nquiet places. And contiiuuilly the sayd lord kept him beliinile the sayd repaires with
his knights anrl men of succours, intentiuely ready and |)repared to line and die, and to re-
ceiue his enemies as thev ought to bee receiued. .And he alxule three or foure daves at the
sayd breach, conliiniing since it was made, ynto the end, /ighting with his enemies eiierv
day in great perill of his bo<ly : for oltentiines hee put himselfe further in the j)rease then
needed for the danger of his persiMi, but he did it for to hearten and strengthen the courage
of his people, being so well willing lo defend and die for the f.nth

How the enemies assailed the posiernes of I'rouencc and Italy, and how they were

driiicn away.

BY the will of our Lord, the enemies alway in feare and dread, would gitie none assault,
but contiiuially shot against our repaires, aiul made trenches Inr lo pa»se forw.ird into ilie
towne: by the which trenches they shot inlinilelv with harcpiebushes and haiulginines. :iiiil
slew many of our fcilke, and specially of them that wrruglit and ii'.ade the repaires that were
broken and erased. .\nd they jnit ys in such e,\tremit\, that we had almost no more slaucs
nor other labouring people fur to repaire that which thev brake night and dav, which w.is ,i
great hinderam c for lis, and the beginning of our perdition. And if we had nuu h to doe in
that place, there w.is not Icsse at the gale of Prouente, and ;it the plaiiie id' Italy : lor davlv
they were doing either with assault or sl.irmish, .ind nio-t at the |)l:iine ofltalv. Ilowlu it i)v
the helpe of our Lord with th<- good conducting 'if the laptaineof snccours of the same
j)lace, the ])riour of Nauarre, that was pronijjt ;Mid intenliue, and could well incdurage his
men. the enemies had alway the woorst, ;uid were drine:i IVnnl the sa\de plaine, and from the
breach of I'roucnce.

How the treason of .Sir Aiulrew de .\lerali w.is knowen, and of the maruellous

:issatilts that the links made.
Vl'on these termes ;uid ;issaults, liie trciMiii id' llie chaiuellonr Sir .\ndrew de Merall, of
whom I spake before, was perceiued : for a scniauiii of hi'j, named Hi.isie, was fiiund sIkh ting
a quari-ell of a cros.scl)ow with a letter, wliereof he was accused to the lord great masici,

wliic h

Tur

thai

mil

died

tin

haue

to h:

same

that

sayi

thei

the

felli

the

lit

4 I'

ihodes.
>cv had

H'>wnc
pc-< and
;in away

ho same
wliifh it
liianta<rc
t downi",
UTCssary

and the
Knjjlaml.
ul fhcrc-

(itir ivv'>
crgiic (I'l

(•(IIIU" ill

1 the wall
itiinht f!,oe
(■a>-t tlicin
rep.iires:
riio rc-
ul tlu- (lay
i\hilo tlu'v
IS lK: md-t
paires with
and to re-
aves at tlie
nies cilery
)rease then
the coil raj; (■

y were

one assault,
ird into the
;uniie>, aiul
[s tli;il were
more •.hiiii -
whi( 1) w.i^ ,1
ill Id ildc ill
»•: fur (lavlv
lldwlirit l)v
ol" tl\<' same
ncourajje lii"
and Irom the

ruelliiils

;le M(rall,<,r

lUlul sIkii tin;:

great master.

whicli

Thclosse of Rhodes. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

which comnianded to fake him and examine him by iustice, and he confessed the shot of that
letter & of other before, at tlie commandement of his master: and sayd that he had great ac-
quaintance with the Tiirlts bashas, and that it was not long since he had written a letter to
them, warning them that they should not g", for gunshot began to faile. and the men were
wasted by slaying and hurting at the assaults in great quantity : and if they ibode still and
gaue no more assaults, at the last the towne should be theirs. And diners other things the
seruant sayd of his master, of the which 1 haue spoken part before at the beginning, and of
the warning that he gaue to the great Turke for to come.

But to returne to the plaine of Italy. After many battels and assaults done in the sayd
place, by contiiiuall shot of seucnteene great gunnes that beat the saydc plaine, the repaircs
and trauerscs were almost broken and lost. And by trendies the enemies were come ioining
to the breach, and neucr ceased to grate the earth and scrape the earth to cause the repaires
& trauerscs to fail : and at the last the most part fell dnwne, & our men were constrained to
leaue the siyd plaine, sane a cantellthat was toward the -.ea, as it were the third |)art thereof
Certaine dayes afore the enemies came to the fool of the plaine, and did cut it and rased the
earth, I'v: at the last thev passed thorow vnto the towne wall : and anon be'jan to hew and cut
as they did at that of Spaine. The lord great master seeing that, anon cast down a part {\^
the church of our Lady dc la Victoria, and of an ( ther church of S. Panthalion. And within
they began to make the rei>aires and tr.iuerses as at the place of S[)aine, whereto was made
extreme diligence, but not --ucli as tlie lord would, and as was needfull, because there were no
labourers for to helpe. After that the enemies had woon the most jjart of the bulwarke of
Kngland \: the plaine of If.iv, thev purposed to make assault to the sayde plaine, and to the
breacli of Spaine, and to enter into riir repaires to winne them for to make an end of vs.
And for euer to afleeble the repaires and for to aba<h vs, the 28. day of Nouember all along
the day and nighi they ceased not to shoot great artillery both from the brimmes of the ditches
with those great pieces, casting stones of nine I'v eleuen foot about, and from the mantel-
lets without. And as it was reckoned, they shot the same day and night 150 times or more
against our repaires and trauerscs of the wall.

And in the morning the HI) day of the «amc moneth, the vigill of S. Andrew at the spring
of the dav, the enemies went thorow the breach with their banners, and entrcd into the re-
paires with greater number of people then they did at the great battell in September, hardily
and furiously for to fight with vs But at their comming in, the artillery of the trauerscs,
and the handgunnes, and the gunshot of the milles found them so well and so sharply, that
he th.it came m, was anon dispatched and oucrthrowen, and there abode aboue 20(X)'of the
Turks slaine. The other that came after seeing their fellowes so euill welcomed, as people
that were astonicd and lost, they turned againeto their trenches: at whome the artillery of the
milles shot vii toriously , and hasteil them to go apace: and by report from the campe there
died sixe thousand or nio that day: the which day might be called very happy, and well for-
tui'atc for vs, thanked be (iod, for there was none that thought to escape that dav, but to
haue died all, and lo-t the towne: hnwheit, the pleasure of our Lord was by cuidcnt miracle
to haue it otherwise, and the enemies were chased and ouercome. And it is to be noted that the
same day the laiae was so great and so strong, that it made the earth to sinckc a great deal
that they had i a>t into the ditihes, lor to couer tiieni from the shot of Auuergne. And the
sayd earth being so suneken, the artillery of ilie saytle bulwarke (vnwarcs to them) smote
them going ;ind comming, and made great murder of the savd dogges. The savd day also
the enemies came to the plaine of Italy for to as>ault it ; but when they vnderstood that their
fellowes had bene put backe so rudely, and with so great slaughter, they were at'rayd, and so
thev returned againc to their trenches.

llow the Turks got the plaine ground of Spaine.

.\n(l that done, Acmek Basha seeing their liusiiiL'sse euery dav goe from woorse to woorse,
and lliat at the as.saults were but losse of people, without doing of any good, and that there
w.is no man that willingly would go to it anv more, he inttiided to giuc no miTC assaults but

197

\i •!

' '.'l

Ml ' < ■ i ,

'hi i

lot

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The lotHC of RUodti'.

10 follow his tronthcji, and by tlicm enter eoucrlly without lossc oraman from the breach to
the other entl of tlic townc. Semblably he intended for to winne the plaine earth beside
iipaine : the which to jjet, he came ;it pleasure to the foot of the wall, & began to beat ddwne
the plaine ground, and to }>iue inuny skirmishes and confliets to our folke that kept it. And
there were slaine manv j{ood men. And at the last, for default of more hclpe and of fjiin-
>h()f. if was left and {{iuen vp of our men, and ho lost. That done, the enemies came thither
;is in dihcr places. And ihi-. is the third place were they came nerc to the foot of the wall.
.And xshoso wel considercih in what estate the poore towne was at that time, seeing their ene-
mies h.Tiie so grc;it adunntage, might well say, and iudge, that at length it should be taken,
and a lost townc.

How a Gcnouois came to the gate of the townc for to speakc for a treaty and dcli-

ucrancc of the same.

A Few da\ es after the saide iourney a Christian man that was in the campc, the which by
his fSpeech was a Gcnouois or .Siotis, came to the gate of Anuergne, and demanded to parle,
and after that he was demanded what he would haue, he savd that he had niaruel! of \s why
we would not veeld luir selucs, seeing the pitiou.s estate the townc was in : and he as a Chris-
tian man ccunselled vs to yeeld our seines with some agreement ; and that if we would looke
thereto, that some should be found expedient t(» do somewhat for our safegard. And it is
\erv like that he savd not such words, nor spake .so farforth in the malter, without commis-
sion fro some of the chiefc of the canipe, or of the great Turke bimselfe. To the which .Siotis
was answered, thai he should go away with an euill hap, and that it needed not to speake of
appointment: and that though the enemies had great aduantage, there was yet enough where-
with to receiue and least them, if they made any assault. These words heard, he went awav :
and two days alter he came again, and demanded to speak with a marchant Gcnouois of the
towne named Mathew de Vra, and he was answere<l that he which he demanded was sicke,
and might not come, but that he should dcliner the letter, and it should he giuen to him. The
savd Siotis savd nay, and that he would giue it himselfe, and speake with him : and savd that
he had also a letter of the Grand signior, for the lord master. Vpon this he was bidden to gn
his wa\ : and to set him packing, they shot after him a piece of artillery. The next day al-
ter IJallantis .Albancse that was fled ih(irow the breach of Spaine to the campe, came from the
savd GenmioiH proposing sjich words, or like as the other had savd, saying likewise that the
Cirand signior had sent a letter to the lord m.aster. To whom no words were spoken nor answere
made, for tlic lord great master as wise and prudent considering that a towne that will heare
intrealings is halfe lost, defended \])on the painc of death sith that Siotis had spoken these
two times, that none should be so hardy to speak nor answere them of the canipe, without his
know ledge i*t contmandement : but seeing ihey were such ambassadors, they reported the wor<l«
ofthesayd Albancse, or eucrthesayd lord had knowledge of the words of the Siotis. The which
words spread thorow the townc put many folke in thought, and would haue vndone that that
the Siotis said : the which is no maruell whereas is much people, for with go(Hl will and most
often they regard sooner to saue the liues of them and their children, then they doe to
the honour of the residue. Uowbeit not one durst speake a word openly of that businesse,
bill all se(retly : and some came anil spake lo ceriaine lords of the great crosse for to speakc
t" \ lord great master. .\nd in elleet some lords spake thereof to him, persuading him th.it
ii -liould be good to thinkc therecn, seeing that the towne went to losse. 'I'o whom the sa)d
lord shewed many things for his honour and the Heligion : and that no such things ought to
l)f done or thought for any thing in tiic world, but rather he and they to die. The lords
iiearing this answere, went iheir waves and then reiiirnetl againe to the sayd lord, aduisin^
him more to thinke well on all things, and to the saliiation of his towne and of his religion.
And the\ -aid morcouer, that thev doubled that the people would rather haue a peace then
to die themselues, their wines and children. The lord seeing that such wonls were as things
inforced, as who should say, if thou do it not, we shall do it as wise men and prudent, willing
to make remedies of needfull things by counsell, tailed the lonls of his Councell for to haue

adnisc

lithJ

f.l

Khodir.

The losse qf Bhodes.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

199

1 •«

aduisc ill these doings, and other. And when they were assembled, the li id projiosed the
words that were to him denounced, and sayd ; With these tcrmesand wordescamc two or three
niarthants and citizens of the towne that knocked at the doore of the Counccll, and presented
a supplication to the great master, and lords of the Councel, whereby they required and be-
sought meckely the sayd reucrend lord to haue respect to them and their poorc housholds,
and to make some appointment with the great Turke, seeing that the sayd matter was already
forward in purpose, that he would do it ; and that it would please him to consider tlie piiioiis
& sorrowful estate that the towne was in; & that there was no remedy to sauc it; and at the
lest way, if the lord would not make appointment, to giue them Icauc (of his goodnessc) to
haue their wiucs and their children out of the Rodes to sauc them, for they would not hane
them slaiiic nor made slpues to the enemies. And the conclusion was, that if the sayd lord
Would not puruey therefore, they would puruey for it theniscluos. And there was written
in the said request the names of eight or ten of the richest of liic towne. Which words of the
sayd supplication being heard, the sayd lord and his connrell were abashed and ill content as
reason would, seeing that it was but a course game, and thought on many things to make an-
swcrc to the sayd citizens, for to content and appease them : and also to see if they should in-
tend to the appointment, .is they required, and after as ilie Gcnouoy h.id reported : and llic
better to make the sayd answcre, and to k'low more plainly in what estate the towne w.is in
all things: that is to wit, first of gunpouder, and then of men of warre, and of the batteries.
Also were demanded and asked the lord S. (Jilcs pre lohn, whiih had the charge of the gun-
powder, and then the captaine Sir Gabriel Martiningo, for being ouer their men of warre (as
it is said) as to him th.it knew the truth ; if the towne might liolde or not, or there were any
meancs to saue it. The sayd lord of S. Giles arose, saying and affirming vpon his honour anil
his conscience that aimo-it all the slaues and labourers were dead and hurt, and that siantiv
there were foike enow to rctnoue a piece of artillery from one [)lace to another, and that it was
vnpossible without folke any more to make or set vp the repaires the which euerv day were
broken and crushed by the great, furious, and continiiall shot of the enemies artillery. As
lor gunpowder the sayd lord sayd, that all that was for store in the towne, w.as spent long
agone, and that which was newly brought, was not to scnie (.*t furnish two assaults. .\nd he
seeing the great aduantage of the enemies being so farre within the towne, without power to
put or chase them away, for default of men, w.as of the opinion that the towne would be lost,
and tiiat there w.as no meaiies to saue it. The words of the sayd lord finished, the captaine
(Jabriel .Martiningo for his discharge sayd and declared to the rcuerend lord and them of the
("ouncell, that seeing and considering the great beatings of the shot that the towne had suf-
fered, and after seeing the entring which the enemies had so large, and that thev were v;ithin
the towne by their trenches both endlong and ouerthwart ; seeing also that in two other places
thev were at the foot of the wall, and that the most part of our knights and men of warre
and other were slainc and hurt, and the gunpowder wasted, and that it was vnpossible for
them to resist their enemies any more, ttial without doubt the towne was lost if there came
no succors for to helpe and resist the siege. The which opinions and reasons of these two
woorthy men and c\])erf in sue h feiits, vndcrstood and pondered bv the lord great master and
the lords of the t'ounccll, they were most part .aduised for to accept and take treaty if it were
odered, for the sauegard of the common people, and of the holv reliques of the church, a*,
part of the holy cros^f, the Ik'Iv throne, the band of S. lohn, and part of his head, and diners
other reliques. Ilnwbeit the lord great master to whom the busincsse belonged very neere,
and tiiat tooke it most hcauily, and was more sorrowfull then anv of the other, as reason rc-
(|uired, was alway stedlast in his first purpose, rather willing to die then to consent to such a
tiling, and sayd againe to the lurdes of the C'(nincell : ;\duise you, and thiiike well on eiiery
thing, and of the end that m.iy happen, and he [imposed to tliem two points : that is to wit,
\Vhc(her it is better for vs to die all, or to saue the jicople and the holy rcli(]ues. The which
two points and doubts were long lime disputed, and there were diners opinions : neucrthe-
Icsse, at the last they sa\d all, that howbcit that it were well and sufcly done to die for the
I'.iith, and most honor for vs, nolwithsianding seeing and consideiing that there is no reiiieily

Wl II

'i I

1 m u

aoo

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The lossc of Rhodtn

I'll

, r '!

to rcxist ag.iinst our enemies, and incancs to sauc the tow lie ; and on the other part, that
the great Turkc wmild not oppressc vs to foi>akc our faith, but only would haiie the towne,
it were much better then, riiul tending to greater wealth to saiic all the icweU ahoucsayde,
fl-at should be defiled and lost if they eamc in the haiides of the enemies of the faith. And
also to kecpe so iiiuih small people, as women and children, that they would torment and
<'Ut some in pieces, other take, and perforce cause them to forsake their faith, with innu-
mer;d}le \iolences, and shamefull sinnes that should be committed and done, if the towne
wore put to the sword, as was done at Modon, and lately at Bellegrado, Whereby they tlid
conclude, that it were belter, and more agreeable to God, for to take the treaty, if it were
inoircrcd, tiien for to die as people dcs|)eratc, and without hope.

Kow the great Turke sent two of his men to the towne, to haue it by infreating.
And how the lord great master sent two knights to him, to know his aasurance.

VPon these consultaiic'iis and wonis almighty God that saueth them which trust in him, and
that would not that so many ctiils and cruelties should come to the poore city & inhabitants
of it, and also that the great Turke might not arise in ouer g.-eat pride and vaineglory, put
him in niinde to seeke to haue the sayd towne by treaty, which ho ouglit not to haue done for
bis honour, nor by reason, for the towne was in a maner his. And in like sort he ought not
to haue let \s goe as he did, seeing that we were his mortall enemic's eiicr, and shall be still
in tlie time comming, considering the great slaughter of his people that we haue made in
this siege. Howbeit, the eternal! goodnes.se hath blinded him, and hath pleased that these
things should be thus, for some cause vnknowen of vs. And for conclusion, the great Turke
-cnt to haue a communication and parle in Hdlowing the words of the Genouese afore.sayd.
Then was a signe set vpon the churche of the abbey without the towne, to the which was
made answere with another at the milles of Quosquino. And forthwith came two Turks to
spcakc with them of the towne. Then the lord great master sent the I'riour of S, (iiles pre
lohn, and the caplaine (Jabriel Marliningo to know the cause of their comming. And when
thcv came to them, without holding of long speech, the two Ti.rkes dcliuered them a let-
ter for to beare to the lord great ma-ter from the great Turke, and tlien rctorncd safely into
their tents. When the two lords had receiued it, they bare & presented it to the reuerend
lord great master, which caused it to be read. By the whicii the great Turke demanded of
the lord great master to yecid the tnwne to him, and in so doing he was content to let him
go & all his knights, and all tlie other peoj)Ie of what codition soeucr they were, with all
their goods & iewcls safe without fcare of any harme or displeasure of his folks. And also
lie swarc and promiseii on his faith so to do. The sayd letter was sealed with his signet that
he \>eth, that is as it were gilded. And he sayde afterward, tiiat if the lord great master
would not accept the sayde treaty, that none of the city, of what estate souer he were, should
thinke to escape, but that they all \ntothe cat.s shculd p.i.-(se by the edge of the sword, and
that they should send him an answere forthwith, either yea or nay. After the sight of the
ciinient' nl the savd letter of so great weight, and the time so short fur to giuc so great an
answere, and with demand, the sayd lord great master and all the lords of the ("ouncell were
in great thought, howbeit they determined to giue an answere, seeing the estate of the
towne so ill that it could be no woorse. Hearing the report and <i])ini(ins a day or two be-
fiTC of the two lords ordeined to \iew the defects of the towne, saying that the towne was
hot without remedy : considering also that the principalles of the towne would haue ap-
pointment. And in likewise, at the other coiniscll all the lordes had already willed and de-
tlareii, that it were better to saue the towne for respect of the poore people, then to put it
all whole to the furie of the enemies, whereupon thev agreed and concluded to take the fore-
sayd treatie. After the conclusion taken, answere was made readily fur a good respect ; that
is to weet, to take the Turke at his worde, to the ende that he should not repent him of it,
nor change his opi'i'on. For euery houre his people waime and entered further and
fLrther into the towne. And for to goe vnto the great Turke were ordained these two

knights,

h 1 ^

The lossc of IHkhIci

TIJAFFIQUES, AND DlSCOUKHIliS,

•^1

kiiii;lit--, sir I'nssin nt'oi-f naiiiril, aiul he I)are the token of the White croisc: and another ol'
(he lownc named l{ol)rrt de I'fvrii-ip iiulirc Ordinarie.

When these two aml)a>is;i(h)ui> Iiad made them readie, they went out at tlic i^atc of Quo-
sqiiino, and wei.t I > llie tent of Aemek l)aslui, lapitaine ^enerall. And l)ecaiise it was late,
and that ihev mi^iht not j-oo liial day to the fjreat Turke, on the next day in the morning the
loresriid captaine Acmck lud and coniicied our sayd ainjjassadours to the great Turkes pauil-
lion, tliat thev lui^ht haiie the more knowledge plaincly, and Cor to heare his will as touch-
ing ilic wordes which were reported to the reuerend lord great master, and alter, the crjntents
of hi> IctlcT and writing-'.

When the ■•avd two amhassadours were de|)aited <iut ol' the towiie, there did enter two
men of authnriiie of the cainpe; one was nephew or kinsman ol' tiic sayd Acmek, the
<i|lii r was the great Turkes truclimaii. wliicli the lord master caused to he well receiued,
and thev were lodued nigh the sa\d gate of (iiujsquino. And then truce was taken for 3.
ilayrs, and the enemies came to our repaires, and spake with our folke and dranke one with
another.

How the amhassadours of l!lii;de-i -pake

thev

with the great Turke, and what answcrc

h.-i.l.

Wllen our amb.issadours h.id ma<le rciiercncc to the great Turke, they sayd that the lord
great nuwter of lilmdes i,,i(l -.ent them to his Imperiall maii'>tie to know what he requested,
luid de-iired that tluy niigiit taike together, ar.d how the great master had receiued his let-
ter. The great Turke answered theu\ bv his Iruehman, that ol' demanding to speakc toge-
ther, nor writing ol' litter to the great master he knew nothing, llowbeit, .sith the great
master had sent to him i\,r to know !iis will, he bade say to ihein that the great master should
\ecld him the towne. And in so doing he promised by his I'aith for to let him goe with all
hi.s knight-, and all other that would goe with their goods, without rcceiuing any di^ipleasure
of his people of the ( ampe. And il he acce])ted not the sayd treatie, to eertilie him that he
would neuer depart from Rhodes till he had taken it, and that all his might ol Turkic should die
there, ratlier then hee would laile of it, and that there should neither great nor litle escape,
but \nto 'he cats tiiey should be all cut in pieces, and .sayd that within 3. dayes they should
giue liim an answere, for hee would not that his people should loose time, and that during
the >avd truce thev should make no repaires nor defences within the towne.

Wiien the great Turke had ended his wordes, our ambassadours tooke their leaiie of him,
and returned to the towne, and there was giuen to ea<'h of them a rich garment of branched
veiuet, with i loth of gold of the Turki-h fashion. Then Aeinek basha tookc sir Fassin, and
led him to his paulllion, and intreating him right well, caused him to abide all that day and
night: and in eating and drinking tiiey had many discourses of thingsdone at the siege, question-
ing each with other. ,\iid among all other things our ambassadourdemaunded of Acmek, and
prayed him to tell for Iruelli how inanv men died of the campe while the siege was laied.
I he aid Hasha sware \ pon his faith and certilied, that there were dead of the campe of vio-
lent death, that is to -a\ , of gunshot and other wave-, (i4(KK). men or more, beside them
ili.it died of sicknesse, which were about 10. or .j(). thou-and.

IIo\, one of the ambassadours made an-were of hi- niessagc, and how the Com-
mons would not agree to veeld the towne.

Kl'.lurnp we now to our piupose and to the arswere that our ambas-adours brought to the
lord great master. The sayd llobcrt rernise made the answere, and told what the great
I'urke had -avd, certifying that he would haue an an-were quicklv either vea or nay. The
whii h an-were after the uemauiid of the great I'urke hath bene purpo-ed and concluded by
the whole counsel, and his oiler ^c treatie accepted, liow belt the sa\d ambassadours had it
not to do so soone nor the hrst time that thev went for good reasons, but vet they would not
ilelcrre it, for feare least he should repent him. And v|)oii these determinations that they
would haue sent the sayd Peruse to bearc the answere, came some of the common people

vol. II. I) d ,,f

6^000. Turks
sl.iiiie at ilic siege
uf RhuJr,.

!«'««

208

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The tosie of Rhodet.

i 4

■t'l,

r. . \

*<■■ iJ f

of the townc to the lord grrnt mantcr, that wat with the lorde^ of the coiinscll, and saayd that
they were aducrtiscd of the appointment that he had made with the xreat Turke, and that he
would yecid the towne with coiienaiints by him taken, which, they suppoHPd ought not to be
done without calling of them. And because they were not called to it, they sayd that they
would not agree thereto, and that it were better for them to die, for the great Turke by some
way would put them all to death, as wait done in Bellegrado in Ilungarie.

How the lord great master sent two ambassadors for the Commons to the great

Turke.

VVHcn the rcuerend lord great master had heard their wordes, he sayd graciously to iheni,
that as touching the acceptation of the great Turks offer, it was needful so to do in the de-
gree that the towne w.is, and the causes wherefore he had done it the counseil had scene and
discussed, and thai it was a thing that might not, nor ought not to be sayd nor published in
common, for reporting of it to the enemies by traitours, but be kept stdl and secret. And
moreouer, that it was concluded to make an answere shortly, for to take the great Turke at
his word, least he repented him. For if they had bene called, or the answere had bene
giucn, it had bene oucrlong businesse, and in the meane time the Turke might hauc changed
his mind, and that that he had done and concluded with the great Turke, the lordes of ilu-
counseil had well regarded and considered in all things, and for their protite and aduaniagc,
:is much or more as for that of the Religion. And that they would send to the great Turke
ngainc other ambassadoura, the better to know hi-i will, and to be surer of his promise.
Then the lord great master ordained two other anibassadours for to goe to the great Turke,
which were two Spaniardes, the one named sir Raimon Market, and the other messire I.^pcz,
at whose issuing entered Sir Passin the first ambassadour, and the other two went to the tent
of Acmek basha, for to leade them to the great Turke. And when they were within the
Turkes pauillion, and had done him reuerence as appertained, our ambas.sadiiurs savd thai
the great master had heard and seen his demauiid to yeeld the townc. And for j- it is a
thing of great weight, and that he had to doe and say with many men of diners nations, and
becau.se the time of answere was so short, hee might not doe that that hcc d-.-inaunded so
soone. Ilowbeit hee would speake with his people, and then hcc would giuc him
an answere.

How the Turke began the assault, and how the Commons agreed to yecId

towne.

the

i»l

WHcn the great Turke heard the answere of our amb.issadours, he sayd nothing, but
commaunded his Rashas that they should begin the battell againe to the towne, the which
was done, and then the truce was broken, and the shot of the enemies was sharper then ii
wa.s afore. And on the other side nothing, or very litle for fault of pouder: for that th.nt
there was left, was kept for some great assault or necde. Ilowbeit the sayd Aniek R.ish.i
kept one of the ambassadours, and ines.sirc Lopez onely entered. The great master seeing
the warre begun, and the shot thicker then it was afore, and the enemies cntred hourely by
their trenches further into the townc, called them that before had sayde to him, that thcv
would not the towne should be veeldcd, but had rather for to die. And therefore the sayil
lord sayd that he wns content for to die with them, and that they should dispose them to de-
fend thensclues well, or to doe iheir cndcuour belter then they h.nd done in times past. And
to the ende that each one of ihem should haue knowledge of his will (for as then he s|)ake
but to foure or fine of them th.it gainesavd him) he made a cry through all the towne, that
all they that were hidden to be at the posiernes or gates should giiie attendance, and not In
come away day nor night on pavnc of death: for afore, the RhcMlians came but litle there.
And that the other that were not of the posternes, or that were of his succours, should goe
to the breach of Spaine where the savd lord was continually, and not to goe away day nor
night on the aboue sayd payne. The sayd cry made, each one were obedient for a day or
iwaine, howbeit a yoong Rhodian left his posterne and went to his house, which on the next

day

l)are
cut
fcr,
mess

woul

fori

nor

sihii

mak(

savd

grea

><tan(

rem(

side>

al tl

wlii(

and

towil
he if

•^-^■,

Rhodtt.

The lossc of Khtiiles.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

day wa* lian^id for brraking of the lordw commaundement. Notwithstanding that, by litic
.111(1 liilc the people annoyed them, and their heartes failed, and left the posternea and
lircarhcs: in xiirh wise, that the enemies might rome in without finding great reMiMtaunce,
l)ii( of a fewc that tlic lord master caused to abide there (that is to wect) knightes of his
Mircoiirs. And in tlic iiij;lit he sought out moc people for to kcene ^ watch at the said
breach, and paied to ilu-in as much as they would. The sa) d lord seeing himself thus aban-
<l(jncd and left of his people, he sent to askc them againe wherefore they did not their cnde-
iioiir, and why tliey came not to day. as they sayd before. Which made answcre that they
sawc and knew well that the towne was lost for certaine reasons that were told them: by
occasion whereof they had gainesaid the ordinance of the sayd lord, and sayd that they had bene
wrong enformed of diners things, and on the other side, that they feared that the Turke
uouki not hold his word. Diit sithens they sawe that there was none other remedie but to
nl)i(le the aducnturc and fortinie, they sayd that they put all to the sayd lord to doe what he
tiiought good, and that hee wc^uld sec what were best for them. And required the lord to
doc them so much fauour as to let them choose one or two among them for to gee to the
great Tiirkc with his ambassadoiirs for to hauc siiretie of him. The which was granted, and
two orilinaric ambassadours were chosen for them; one Nicholas Vergotie, and the other
I'icro of -aint Creticc, and the forcsayd Passin should returne with them lor to make the sayd
answcre. Then the great master or they departed (prolonging the time as much as he
might) niluiscil (o send a letter to the great Turke, the which his grandfather had written
or caused to be wriilcn. In the which letter he gauc his malediction or curse to his children
and siiccossonrs, if they cnterprisrd to besiege Rhodes. The sayd Robert Perruse bare the
sayd iclter, and as he was accustr)med, he went to Acmek Basha for to cause him to haue
audience, and to present the sayd letter. And the Uasha sayd hee would see the letter: for
ii is the guise in the great Ti'rkes court, that none may spcake to him nor giue him a letter,
but he be aduertised first what shall be said, or what shall be written. When the Basha had
scene the wordcs written in the said letter, he brake it and cast it on the ground, and did
tread vpon it, saving many iniurious and villanous word es to the sayd iudge. And bade
him returne apace to his great master, and bid him to thinke on his busines.se, and to make
answcre to the great lord (as he had sent and commaunded) or els it should not be long or
he sawe his dolorous and wol'ull ende. .\nd that same day were taken two men of ours that
bare earth toward the bulwarkc of Kngland. Of whom the sayd Acmek caused an officer to
cut oir their noses, finger-j, aiul eares, and gauc them a letter to beare to the lord great mas-
ter, wherein were great wordcs anil threatnings. After the sayd Pcrru.sc was returned,
mcssire Pa.ssin was sent againe to ihe sayde Basha, for to know of him if the great Turke
would be content with any summc of money for his costes and expenses, that he had made
for his armie. The which answered that such wordes or offers of siluer were not to bee sayd
nor j)rescntcd to the great lord on paine of life, and that hee set more by honour then by
sillier. And therefore hee bade him returne and say to the great master that hee should
make answere to the great lord after his demaund, to yeeld or not yeeld the towne. The
Mvd Passin made relation of the wordes of the Basha to the great master: the which for the
great sorrow that hee had deferretl alwayes, saw himselfe in such pitious estate. Notwith-
standing, the sayd lord putting all to the wil of our lord, & considering that there was no
remedie to do otherwise, nor to resist any more his enemies: and being coniitrained on all
sides to make the appointment, with great heaninesse, inestimable dolours and bewailings,
at the last gauc his voyce to yeeld the towne (with the treatise or ollcr* to him presented)
which was the 'iO. day of December, the yccreof our loril a thousand line hundrcth and two
and twentic.

An answcre to juch as will make question for the dclincrance of the citie of Rhodes.

ANd if by any it were demaunded wherefore the sayde lord great master hath ycelded the
towne to the great Turke, requesting it with trcaiie and coucnauiits, which was a signe that
he feared and would no more fight, but goe his wav. 'fo this I answere: Notwithstanding

I) d ti ' that

-iOS

«0#

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlif lime of Rhodti

■f )

^i'l

- '

I lb

\^ ■

lliaf iIh' griMl Turko was ndiicrliseil by '*"nu' traitoiiiN, and h* otlirr that (led into the rainpp,
that the powder almost failod, and dial ihcir wrre hut Icwf men of warrc within the townc,
vrt he Jii'Ifi'iicd not, nor fjaiic credence of all thai wa'* re|)ortcd to him, l)Ul llioii^ht verilv
ihaf wee liai! vnouph for a jjreat while, and coiisiderfd that hee mutt tary till ihi'V were wa«tc(l
and spcnl, whereto liehooucd time. And sceiny; all UU estate entered into slrauLje plares,
and into the lantU of iiis enemies, and had hene there alreadie si\e nionelhs, (and not wiili-
out preal danijer of his ownc ])ers(in) thinkin>; on tlie other side, thai taking the towne by
assault, he should lose manv ol his lolke ; and yet when liee had ouerconie ami wonne the
towne, thev should fall earli \|)ou other in depariin;; of the bcu lie or pill.iite, doubling (I-
nally the hazard td' warre. For these reasons and other thai mav lie allea'^ed, the great Tiuke
had much rather to haiie ;lie towne by composition and Ireatie, then othiTwise. And it suf-
fised him to driue his olde enemies out of the countre\s of I.eu.int, ami set the subiecis „\'
his eounlrcvs in rest and surctie. And we of the towne that knew our weaknesie, iV; tliat
wc might do no more, it scenied belter to saue so much small |)eople, then we and they to
fall into the furic of our enemies, for otherwise roulil we not hauc done, but tempt Ciod, uiul
died as in dispaire.

Ilow the eilie of Rhodes was yeelded to the great Tiirke, and of the euill behauiour

vl' cerlaine Tiirkes,

BVt to rcturne to our principall : After that the reucrend great master had giuen his voyce
to the veeldinR of the towne, he sent ihe said I'assin againc for to beare it to the great 'I'lirke.
And with him went the two men lliat were chosen of the Commons, and lliev went all three
together to the tent of Acmek Hasha. I'o whom the savd I'assin lir-l maile ihi-. piiions an-
swere and conclusion to veeltl the towne. NoUsith-taiiding, he s.ivd the people had or-
dained two men among them for to goe to the gre.il fiirke, to speake of liicir pariii iilar do-
ings, and to haue some suretie of iheir per>'nns, wines, and childieii, to ilie ende lliat it xvere
not done to them, as to those of i'ullegrado. The savd Acmek led the three amba-^>adoui-.
toward the great Turke. And when t!icv were entered into the pauilion, iIk' s.ivile messire
I'assin mrile the report of his ambassade to the sayil lord, and savd ih.it ihe great master
veelded him the towne \!ider I'le promise made liy his lin|ieriall maiesiie, with the trealie
promised. Of the whi( h promise hee held him sure and cirlame, and liuit hee wonid doe
no lesse; howbeit, the people hid required him to ^'ine ihem licence to goe lo liis m.ieslie
for to aske some recjue-t of liiin. I'ben ihe tvvti ( iii/.ens bc-on^bt the grc.it furke t'i;ii he
would for suretie reinooue his c.irn])e lidin ihe lowne, to the ende ihal lliev should haue no
maner of harme to tluir bodies nor goods, and lliat ihev tlial would goe, -.houM v.'V. am!
that they that would abide still, might be well entreated, fhe great I'lirke answered bv in-
interpreter to messire I'assin, that hee accepted the towne, and promised a^.iviievpon li:-.
faith, and on his honour to the lord great master, tliat he would perfonne that he bad pri -
mised, and sent to hini by the snnie l'a«sin that he shoidd not doubt of the cooir.Mv : and it
ho had not ships ynott;;h for to larie his people and tt.eir goods, that hee wnuM let tliem
haue of his, and thai he would deliuer fhe artillerie thai was wooni to be in the «lii|is <,f \
Religion. And as touiliing the recpiest of the people, he s.nvd thai In- would rcmooui' iln-
eampe, and that thev thai would abid:-, might .abide, ami ihev should bee well enireattil.
and should pav no tribute in hue vt-eres, and their children sliunld not be loin In d, and who
so would goe wtlhin fhe savd sp.nce of line veeres, thev should goe in good nine, fhe-c
wordes ended, our amhassadonrs tookc leane id him, iSi when lliev were ilcpiriivl. they sp.dvc
againe with fhe saide Acmek liasha for to haue a letter of the contents of the promise ol' the
savd lord. .Auil by his ( omniandemenl the savd Idler was tiiade, wherebv he promised to
let go the great m.isler with .ill his knights, stringers and men « f the towne lli.il woulil go
with their goods, willii.iit h.uiiiiu' displca-iire of anv (d' his people (d' the cainpe, or bv the
wayes When llie letter wis made, il w:is delinere I t'l messire I'assin. ,\iid as toiichiii','
withdrawing of the rainpe, llie savd Haslia proini-e I agiine tli.il he would do it, sjmc liie
great lord would so: howbeit he remou ed Ijiit fr nn liie trenches, and some of his people

wen

I f\ )

The tout f

TRAFFfQUES. AND DISCOUKRIF.S.

fi05

'ampp,
townc,
vcrilv
wa>'tfd
|)!:ir(N,
;>( willi-

Wlll' 1)V

line till'
jiiii); li-
lt Tiirlvr

(I il siif.

)ic( Is (if
iV: that
they li>
1(1, uiut

went a I ■•ay off". Ami lh«* layil Basha dfmaiinilcd iti llic Tiirkcs bclnlfr, that ehcy shoiiM
Hcncl u< 1 in h(i''taj;c foure and twrntic knigliK whcrrol' twoMhoiild bee of ilic great Crosne,
;ind tw( .Hid iwrniic citizens. And the Hayd lord should send onely a lapiaine with three or
fi-iire huJulrcd lanisxaricn, lor to kccpe tlie townc when tlie ranipc were withdr.iwen. And
so it was clone ; and beside this hee f,M\c tweluo dayrs respite to the lord j-reat miustcr, to
prepare liiin and depart out of Rhodcfi. And in conilusion all this done, our ambassadourM
rtlurni'd and mide the report to the rcuerend ureal master of all that lliey had done and
pni( tised wilh the ^reaf Turke, and the s.iyd Hasha, and gaue him the letter lor to ^oe surely.
Till II llie threat master with hiscounsell ordained the loiirc ami twcntic persons, and mlier of
the towne. When thev were readie, they went to the (:anii)e, where they were well intreated
foiirc- (laves. During; this time. Terra IJaslia passed I'lo tlie niaine land to the canii)e, with
I'oure and iwcntie or flue and twentic thousand lanissaries, which by the commaundenient of
the ;;real Tiirkc was ^one vpon the borders of the countreis of the Sophie. For the Turke
seeing; the people of the cainpe discouraged and willin^j; no more to jjoe to the assaults, sent
to thesa\(lc Daaha to conic to IJhodes with his peoijle, which would haue withstood mj sore,
as fresh men. And it was the workc of (rod and a wondcrl'ull nnrade, that they canu- after
that the appointment was made: for if thev had come afore, it is to be supposed that the
deed had gone otherwise, and there had bene many strokes j^iucn: but I bcleeue that the
ende should haue bene pitions for \s, but (icd would not tiiat the Turke should haue vicfori'
\pon vs as 111 ,' mijjlit haue had, secinj; the f;reat aduaiintaije that he had in all things, but he
blinded liim a;ul would not ihnt he should k.iow his might. And on the other part it may be
saul and marueiled how it wms possible aK%'av to liiuie oiienoine our enemies in all assaults iV
skirmishes, and at the end to loose the towne, it was the will cil' (iod tli.it so hath pleased for
^()me cause to \s vnknowen. It is to bee thought, that lackc of men and ginishot, and the
enemies so I'arre within the towne, and ready to enter at other places, with the treasons haue
( aiiscd the towne to be lost. Two or three dayes after the comming of the savd Hasha, hi.s
lanissaries and other of the campe entrcd into the Towne, which was on Christmas day, with-
in the time giiieii lo vs, and then the Tiirkes word was broken, if it were his will or not, I
cannot icll Neuerthelesse there was no sword drawen, and in that respei i promise was kept.
Hut liu'v made pillaup, and cnteretl by force into the houses of the castle, and looke all that
llicv iiiiLiht and would, .\fter that they had r.iiisacked the houses, they entered into the
cliur( h(-s, and pilled all that they fiiind, and brake the images. .Viid there was no crmilix,
nor figure of our ladv, nor of other saints, that were lelt whole. Then with great inluima-
nine they went into the hdspitall of poore and sicke I'olke, (ailed the I'crmorie. and tooke
all the sillier vcssell that the sicke foike were scrucd \\ith, and r.iiscd them out of their beds,
and drone them away, some with great strokes and staiies, aiul some were cast downe from
the galleries. When thise hounds had done that ade, thev went to the church (. I' saint loliii
and looke downe the toinbes of the great masters, and s(iiij.hi if there were anv treasure hid
in them, and they Inn cd ( crtaine wimien and ni.iideiis .And all ihev th.il were christened
and had bene Turkes afnre, were they iren, w( men < r cliiMren, and children that the savd
men had made christi.iiis, ihi y led infn 'fiirkie, which thing i- of greater im|)oitaiue then
any of the other. The morrow after Christmas i!a\, the reucrend lord urcat mister went to
the Kieat Turkes pauiilion lor to visile him, and to be better assured of his promise, llie which
lord he made to l.e wd \' gr.uiously receiiicd. .Ami he siirnificd vnio him bv his interpreter,
that the (ase so happened to him was a thing vsnall aiul common; as to loose townes and
l( rdsh'ps, and that In e should not take outnr.iK li lluuiuht for il : and as lor his promise, he
bade that he should not dnnlil in any thing, and that hi- shouM lO't leare an\ di-|j|(':\sure lo
his person, and that he s'unild goe with his pecple without l\ ir.'. With these uordcs the.
sayj lord thanked him, and to(>ko his leaue and (lepartcd

riMs.

|^ ' I

■i*./ \..

,1 vl

\\ < -

1 l.( mi(i\

I 'I

t I '

\ I

71 M

Irtifffi-f .V t

V()YACi;s, NAIHGATIONS, Tradt lollu hitani.

51 1.P'iiiDy "f llir Trnniilntiir.

(iOr liiilr hookc. .111(1 wncfiill Tnincdic,
or till' iilindian t'lMri-riil oppiiKMalion,
T> -ill (Ni.itCM I onipl.iiiiiii;; niiliriilly
t)l iliiiif i-Hlnir, iiiul -udiliMi trnii^tiniilation:
hvi ii<<inK mv if ill tli) Irnnylaiiiiii
011^1)1 l)c uniisNC in liiMgiiu);e or in werke,
I nicHiil)inil will) ilu-ir mipporlaiion,
To 1)0 ( orrcct, liiul am m) ninall a cirrkr.

All ambawagc IVoni Don Fcrdinamlo, broilicr to the emperor Charlei* rhc b, \nU\
king llcnrv (lie H. in tlu; yccrc I J'iT. drwiring hiit aide against Solyman the Kreut
Tiirko. Hulin-lii'd pag. 85)4.

ON tiic 14 day of Manli, I.ViT were ((iniicied from London lo (irecnwich by llic earle
of KiiiI.iikI and olliers, the lord (ial)rii'l dr Salamanca, earle ol' Otlonlmrge, lohii lUirgraiir
(iC Syliii'rbfr^it', and Inlm l-'abrr a f'amotH i Icrkc, after bishop of X'ii'ii, a'* anibaitxadour)) Iroiii
Don I'erdin.iiidi), I'lolhiT lo Charles the tinpcrcr, newly elei-t king of iliingarie and Ueanic,
alter tlu- death of his brother in law king l.ewes, whirh was slaine by Solyman the 'I'lirkc
the l:isi Soinmer. This compitiiy was wel(°(m)med of the high ollieers, and after lirotighi
iiiiii the kiiii;-. presence, all llic noliililie being present ; and there alter great reuerem e
made, M, l''aber made a notable oralion, taking his ground out of the (f(m|)ell, lixijt semi-
na'or seminare semen suum : and of thai hee dei lared how Christ and his disciples went
fcorili to -towe, and how their seed was good that fel into the goinl grouiul, and brought fuorlii
gixni friiilp, which was the Chrisii.in faith. And then he declared how contrary lo that mow-
iiig, Maluimet had sowen .seed, wliicb brought foorlh euill fruit, lie also shewed (roin llie
beginning, how the TurkcH haue iiureased in power, what realmes they had conquered, wh.it
pecple ihey iiad subdued euen to that day. Me declared further what aclcs the great Tiirke
then lining had done; and in especiall, he noted the getting of Brigrade and of the |{h<ides,
and the slaying of the king of Iliingarie, to the great rebuke {:<•• he saul ) of all the kings
( liii-teiu'd. Hec set foorlh also what power the Turkc had, what diuersilies of i ompaiiics.
what capilaines he had, so that he thought, that without a marueilous great number of pc( -
jile, he could not be oucrlhrowcn. Wherefore he most humbly besonghl ilie king as S.
(ieiirge-' knight, and defender of the faith, lo asbisit the king his mailer in that go<lly wane
and \erlU(ius jiurpcse.

To this oration the king by the mouth of Sir Thomas Moore answered ; thai much hec la-
mented llie losse thai happened in ilungarie, and if it were not d r the warres which were he-
ihr tweene the two great princes, he ihought that the Turke would not haue enlerprised that
acte : wliercfore he with all his siiuJjc would take paine, (irst, lo set anvnilieand pcaie
ihroughdul all Chrisiendoine, and after that, both with money and men he wniild be re.iilie
to hcipe toward that glorious warrc, as much as any other prince in Chrisiendoine. After
this done, the amb.issudours were well < herished, and diners limes resorted lo the court, ami
had great cheere anil good rewards, and so the third day of May next following, ihev looke
llieir Icaue & dcpailed homeward.

The aniiipiilic of the trade with English ships into the Leuant.

IN the yeeres of our Lord, I.')l I. I.)12. &c. till the yeerc li>34. diiurs tall shi|)s of Lon-
don, namely, The (,"lnis|oplur Campion, Ivhercin was Factor one Hoger W'hiitome; the
.Marv George, wherein was Factor V\ illiam Gresham ; the great Mary Grace, the Owner'whi re-
of, was William (junson, and the master one lohn Hely ; the Trinitic Fit/.-willi.ims, whereof
Was m.isier Laurence .\rkey ; tlie Malhew of London, whereof was masier William Ca|)liiii;.
with cerlaine other ships of Soiilhamplon and Hrislow, had an ordinarie and vsuall irade lo
Sicilia, Caiulie, Chio, and somcwliilcii to C>pru.s, as also tu Tripoli^ and iiarulli in Svri.i.

'llie

Liunnt.

Trade to Slo.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

vnio

llif carle

Iiiir^raiir

I()iiri4 I'niiii

ind Bcanif,

the iuikc-

Irr brutish)

rrurrcnn-

I'Aiji semi-

('i|)li'4 Weill

ui>;ht fuortli

Id llial Hovs-

cil (nun till-

|ucrc(l, what

Uri-at Tiirkr

llir IOkkIcs

all the kin^t

r < ompanit'-,

iibtT of p«'i -

p kin); as S.

g()<lly wane

inurh hcc la-
likh were lic-
irrpriNeil that
ic anil peace
II Id be readic
lome. Alter
the conn, antl
', thev tduke

ships of Loii-
hilcdiiie ; (he
Owncr'wlure-

i.iins, wheredf
lliani Caplini:,
v-iiall trade U>
inilti in Ssria,
■■Hie

The rommodilieii which they caried fhilhcrwcre fine KenieKof dlucrtroloiirt, rntine Keraiev,
white Weneerne dozen*, Coltonii, rertaine riotlte* called StafiitM, and ofhert railed ('ardinal-
whitr»,andCa!iieHkiniwhithwerewellMdld in Sicilie,&c. The comnKHlilict whieh they returned
batke were Silk*, Chamletn, Hubarbe, Malmesien, MiwkadelH and other winen, nwccle oylc»,
cdtien wpol, Tiirkie carpctn, Oalle-<, Pepper, Cinamon, and nome other *v\ivn, Sic. IksideM
the natiirall inhabitants of the forexayd placett, they had, eucn in thine dnycs, trafflf^uc with
lewex, Turket, an<l other forreiners. Neither did onr nierehant<* onely employ their owne
Knjjlith shipping before mentioned, but mindry strangers also: as namely Candiots, Ilagii^eans,
Sicilian!', (icnone/es, Venetian galliases, Spanish and I'ortiigaie ships All whieh particulars
doc most euidently appeare out of certainc auncient Ligicr Bookes of the K. W. Sir William
Locke Mercer of London, of Sir William Bowyer Alderman of London, of master lohn Gre-
sham, and df dihers ; which 1 Richard liakluyt hauc diligently perused and copied out. And
here fdr authorities sake I doc annexe, as a thing not impertinent to this purpose, a letter ol
king Henry the eight, vnto Don lohn the third, king of I'ortugale.

A letter of the king of England Henry the eight, to lohn king of Portug.ile, for a
I'ortingale ship with the goods of lohn Grcsham and Wil. Locke >Nitb ithers, vn-
laden in Portugale from Chio,

SErenissimo Printipi, iloniino loanni Dei gratia Kegi Poriugalliie, & Algarbiorum citra
iV \ltra mare in Africa, ac domino Guinea, & con(|iiistie, nauigationis, & commercij yEtliio-
piie, Arabir, Persiu-, at(|ue India;, &c. Frairi, & amico nostro charissimo.

lienricus Dei gratia, Itex Angliic, & Francitp, (idei defensor, ac doininus Hiherniac, Serc-
nissimo Principi; domino loanni eadem gratia Kegi Portugallix, ilc Algarbiorfi citra & vltra
mare in Africa, ac domino Ouineir, & conquist.-r nauigationis, tt coinercij .Ethiopia', Arabia*,
Persiic, ati|; Indi;c tic. I'ratri, & amico nostro charissimo, salute. Tanto libenliCis, promp-
tiusi|; iiistas omnes causas \esirir Scrcnititi commendandas suscipimus, cpianto apertiori in-
dii^'4 nostroni, qui in eiusdem vestrx Screnitatis regno ac ditione negoliantur, subditorum
testimonid cdgnoscimus, ipsam ex optimi prinripin oflicio ita accurati^, exact<<q; ius siiiim
ciiiq; pr.Ti)ere, vt ad el nemo iustitia? ronscqucnila gratia frustrA vnquain confugiat. Ci'im
itaipic dilectus ac (idelissubditus nostcr loannes Grcsham niercator Londonicnsis nuper nobis
liumiliter exposuerit, cpidd quidil Willielmus Heith ij>sius Factor, Si negdtiorum gcstor
naiiim «niandain Portugallensem, cui nomen erat Sancto Antonio, pr.Terdtqiie Diego Veren
I'ortugallrnsis superioribiis incnsibiis in Candia conduxerit, cum naiiisq; pnrfecto coniienerit,
M in instilam Chiiim ad (piasdam diuersi generis merces onerandas primo nauigaret, in Caii-
fli.imquc mox aliarunt mercium onerandarum gratia rediref. omnes quidcm in hoc nostrum
rrgniim postmotli'im aduecturus ad valorem circiter dundecim millium ducatorum, quem-
ailmodiiin ex paclionis, conuenti(>nis(]ue instnimento a])erli6s constat, accidit, vt pracfatus
Diego ve>tr.T Sereniiatiis Mibditu<, «licti« susceptis mercibus, & iam in itinere pariim fidcli-
t^^, it longi^ pr.Tter inifas conuentioncs, grauissimo certe nostrorum siibditorum detrimcnlo,
vbi in Portiigallin- portum diuertissel, sentenlia hue nauignndi nuilata, in emiem portii com-
moreiur, nofitrdri'imqiie eiiain subditonim merces detineat quam iniiiriam (quiim suhditiN
nostris in ve«trir Serenilalis regno, & ah eiiis subditd illata sit 1 1\ ^rcpiitate. ac iustitia ab ipsa
corrigi, emend riiiiie mnlidiinii-, ndsiro quoque jJdtissimiim inimni, (pii \estra[' Serenitatis
i|)sius(jue siibdil'Tiim caiis.w. iiieri(''s(|ue, si (juando in line nostrum rei;niiin a|)pMlcrinf, sem-
per cdinmenilali-simas habenuis, id quod siipcriori aiiiio lestati siiimis: jiroiiide ip-ani vehe-
inenter rogainiis, vt loannein HatHll'e prxsentiuin laidrein, & diili loaniiis Gresham iidiium
Cdnstiiutuin iirocuralorem, huius rei causa istuc vciiicntcm, velit in suis agcndis, in dictis-
(|uc bdiiis recuperandis, inipuntfupie asportandis reinittciulis(]ue vccligalibiis (quod nos in
\esiros subditds fecimus) qiiuin jirr nauis pru'fectiim fraude, ac dolo istuc merces I'lierint
adiiectic, nisi istic vcndantur, ac (oto deniqiie ex a'<iuitatc Cdnliciendo negotio, sic comnu n-
datiim susi ipere, sicqiie ad suos, quos opus lore intellcxerit magistratus missis literis rem
omnem inuare, 5c expedire, vi pcrspiciamus ex hac n<isira comnu'iidatioiie fuisso nosirdrum
fiubditorum iuri, & indcmnitati quiim maxima cunsullum. H\\m\ nobis gratissimuin est fu-

lurum

•ios

\OYA(iliS, NAUIGATIONS.

Tvudc to Sin.

\ >r

! I . J

i ,

* t !

l.'r^■s^f and t

in re I'or.siiiuli, aul i;i'.iuioii vi>stra Scrciiita* luw .«ibi {tnitilicaiuli ciijiidi-simos ''x-

HTic'iiir, qiiii' Id'liciti'i' Mill a

r,\ Kcji'ui iKi.-ilra lU" W'alllium, Dif lij. Octohr. \lt'S\,

\c >aiiic in r.n

Knirlish,

Mj;-

I'O the lii'^li ami iiiij>liiy piiiirt', loliii l)y llic grace of God, kinp of Portii!>;alc, and of

ariie on IIin side a.ul brNuii

tlic . •■■' ill AlViia, lord of Ghiiiea, and of the conqurst, na-
alimi, and Irafilquc ul' .Lihinpia, Aral)i.i. IVrsia, India, (!v:c. our most dccrc and \vcli)c-
led hr.ther.

.f Ci .(!, i^

Lnnland and of France, defender of the faiiii.

leiirv uv the graiv- i.i ii ui, Km;; oi i-ni;ian(i and oi trance, (leieiuier oi tnc laiin, and
h)rd (it' Ireland: to lohn by the same uracc, kinj; of I'orliijjalc and Alijarne, on this side and
bevoiul tlic sea in Afric.!. and lord of Ghinca, and of the conijucst, iiaiii;;atioii, and traflifjue
of Aelhiiipia, Arabia, Persia, India, iS:c. our moit deare and welbeioned brother, scndelh
U'rectinj;. So much y more willi'if;Iy and readily wc vndertake the reconimcndinjr of all iu-t
causes \ nl) \(nu' hi;ihnc's<e, because iiy the daily tcstimonie of our subiccts which traflike
in vour kiiii;d(iins and dominion-!, we are inr.>rnied, that accordini;; to the dulie of a most
wortliv ])rince, so carefully and exactiv vou minister iustice vnto euery man. that all men
nin-i wiliiiii;lv rejiaire \nto your hif^thnesse, with full tru-t to oblaine the same. Whereas
iherernn- our welbeioned and trustie subicct loliii (Jresham merchant of London, of late in
humble mane r hath si!,'nified \nto vs, that one William Ileith his Factor and Assent, ccriaine
Mioncths aijoc had hired in C'audie a cerlaine PnrlUijalc ship called Santo Antonio, (the pa-
trniio whcreol' is liiei;o I'erez) and couenauntcd with the patrone of the sayd ship, that he
should first sailc to the Isle of .Sio, to take in merchandize of sundry sortes, iV then eftsooiies
retiirne to Candic, to be fraij;hted with other jioods, all which he was to bring into our king-
dome of Lngland, to the value of l'i(KX) ducats, as by their Miles of couenant \: a^ree-
nent more plainlv appearcth ; it so fel out, that y aforesaid Diego your highnes subicct ha-
uiiig receiued the said goods, \crv tre'heroiisly tV much cotrarv to his couenant, to the ex-
ceeding great losse of our >-ubiccts, |)ulting in by the way into an hauen of Portiigale, &
altering his piirjiose of (oming iiit i Knglaml, he reniaineth still in that hauen, & likewise
detsincth our subiccts goods. Which iniiiry (seeing it is done in your llighnes kingdomc)
we hope your llighnes will see reformed according to equity & right, the rather at our rc-
qne-l, which alwaycs haue had a speciall care of the causes & goods of your llighnes, & of
\our subiects whensoeuer thev come into our kingdome, whereof wc made proofe the last
yeere. Wiitreforc wee in~.tantlv r. (juest vour llighnes, y you would so receiue lohn Hat-
clill'e the bearer of thes. ])rcsenl lelicrs, iV the new appointed agent of lohn Grcsham, which
cuMiclli into vour dominions about this busines, being thus comendcd vnto you in this bnsi-
ncs, iSj recouering & freely bringing home of the said goods, & in remitting of the customs,
viile-se they were sold tliere ,,the like whereof wc did towards your subiccts) seeing by the
Ir.uul ^t deceit of the patron of the ship, the wares were brought thither, & (inally in dis-
paiching ^ whole matter, according to iustice, iV so further the same by directing your high-
nes letters to your oflicers who it may conccrne, that we may pcrceiue, that our snbiecls right
and liberty hath especially bene maintained \poi) this our < (immendaiion. Which wc will
lake in most thankfuU jiart, and vour highnes slial find vs in the like or a greater niattermost
ready to grntilie you, whom we wish most heartily well to fare. From our <ourt at W'alWiam
the 15. of October l.jJI.

A voyage made with the ship|)cs called the Holy Crosse, and the Mathcw CJonson,
to the lies of (".india and Chio, about the yeere VS.ii, according to a relation
made to Master liichard Ilackluit, by lohn Williamson, Cooper and citizen of
London, who lined in the yeere 15'Jii, and went as cooper in the Matliew Gon-
soii the next voyage after.

Tile shippes called the Holy Crosse, and the Mathew Gonson, made a voyage to the Islaiides
of Candia and Chio in Turkic, about the yeere l.'jS-l'. And in the Mathew went as C.iptaine
.M. Richard Gonson, sonne of old Master William Gonson, paymaster of the kings naiiie.
In this first voyage went William llulstocke (who afterwards was Controuller ol her .Nfaicstics

r i-fi

c lo Sin.

iimos ''X-

c, and of
Hicst, iia-
i)d wclbc-

Taith, ami
s silk- ami

I traniinic
r, sciulflli
of all iii-l
ih tralliki-
of a most
at all iiu'ii

WluToas

of l;ilc in

t, ccrlaiiii'

), (the pa-

i|), that he

II eftsooiu's
1 our king-
I iS; aj;rce-
siihiiit ha-

to the rx-
rtiigale, &
& likewise
kingdome)
er at our rc-
j;hnes, & of
)ofc the last
.10 lohn Hat-
sham, which
in this hiisi-
the nistoms,
[•eing by the
nally in dis-
g vour high-
.ubietts right
I'hich we will
r matter most
[ at WaWiain

(ionson,
relation
ti/.cn of
cw Gon-

o the Islaiides

It as Captaii'ie

kings naiiie.

her Sfaicsiics

Naiiie,

.V. Peter Head.

TKAFFIQULS, AND DlStOUllKIKS.

209

Naiiic, lately deceased) as page to Nf. Kichard Gonson aforesaid, which M. Gonson died in
Chin in this his (irst voyage. The ship called the Holy Crosse was a short shippr, and of
hiirden KiO tnnnes. And hailing beene a full yeere at the sea in performance of iliis voyage,
with great danger she retmncd home, where, vpoii her arriuall at Blnckwall, in the riuer of
Thames, her wine and oylc easkc was found so weake, that they were not able to hoyse them
out of the ship, but were constrayned to draw them as they lay, and ])ut their wine and oylc
into new vessels, and so to vnlade the shippc. Their cliiefe fraighf, was very excellent Mustn-
telsand red Malinesic, the like whereof were secldome scene before in Kngland. They brought
home also good quantitie of swccte oyles, cotton woolles, Turkic Carpets, Galles, Cynamon,
and some other spices. The saide shippe called the Holy Crosse was so shaken in this voyage,
and so weakened, that she was layd vp in the docke, and neuer made voyage after.

Another voyage to the lies of Candia and Chio nude by the shippc the Matliew
Gonson, about the vecre 1. ").'<."», according to the relation of lohn Williamson,
then Cooper in the same ship, made to M. Kich.nrd Ilackluit in the yeere l.51)'i.

THe good shippe called the Mathcw Gonson, of burden .'iOO tinines, whereof was owner ThtMni
old M. William Gonson, pay-master of the kings Nauic, made her voyage in tl)c veere IXiti. uoniongc
In this ship went as ('uptainc Hichard Gray, who long alter died in liussia. .Master William '"'° "' '
liolstocke afterward Controuller of the Queencs Nauie went then as purser in the same vov-
age. The Master was one lohn I'ichet, scruant to old M. William Cionson, lames Humnic
w.ns Masters mate. The master Cooper was lohn Williamson citizen of London, lining in the
yeere \yj2, aiui dwelling in Sant Dunstons parish in the East. The M. (Junncr was lohn
Godfrey ol' liristoll. In this shij) were (i gunners and 4 trunipettcrs, all which foure tmm-
pettcrs at our relume homewards went on land at Messina in the Hand of Sicilia, as our ship
road there at anker, & gat them into the Gallics that lay neere vnto vs, & in them went to
Home. The whole number of <nir companie in this ship were about 100. men, we were also
furnished with a great bote, which was able to cary 10 tuiines of water, which at our rcturne
homewards we towed all the way from C'hio viitill we came through the straight of Gibraltar
into the maiiie Ocean. We had also a great long boat and a skill'. We were out vpon this
vovage eleucn monelhs, yet in all this time there died of sicknessc but one man, whose name
was George I'orrcst, being .seruant lo our Carpenter calleJ Thomas I'lummer.

In a great lygier booke of one William l^ins, seruant vnto Sir William Bow\ er Alderman
of London, bearing date the I.") of Noucmber l.'i.'iJ, an<l continued vntill the +. of Iiilv
1.">U-. I find that he the said William r.yms was factor in Chio, not only for his Master, but
also for the duke of Norfolkes grace, I'v for many other worshipful marchants of London.
.iMioug wliom I find the accompis of these especially, to wit, of his said .Master, sir William
Howyer, of William iV Nicholas Wilford Marchant-taylors of London, of Thomas Curtis pew-
tcrer, of lohn Starkey .Mercer, of William Osirige Marchant, & of Richard Field Draper
And further 1 lind in the said ligier booke, a note of the .said liyms, of all such goods as he
left in the hands of Robert Bye in Chio, who became his .Masters factor in his roome, and
another like note of jjarticulers of goods that he left in the hands of Oliuer Les.son, seruant
to William and Nicholas Wilfonl. .'\nd for proofe of the continuance of this trade vntill the
end of the yccre l.'j.Vi. I found annexed vnto the former note of the goods left with Robert
live in Chio, a letter being dated the '27 of N(uieniber l.YVi in London.

The Epitaph of the valiant Esquire .M. Peter Read in the south lie of Saint Peter.'*
Church in the (iiie of Norwich, which was knighted by Charles the Oft at the
winning of Tunis in the yeere of our Lord Ih'.iH.

HEre vnder lieth the corpes of Peter Reade Esquire, who hath worthily serucd, not onely
his Prince and Counlrey, but also flic Emi)i'iour C^harles the lift, both at his cj)iK|UCst of Bar-
baric, and at his siege at Tunis, as also in other places. Who had giuen him by the savd Em-
pcrour for his valiant decdes the order of 15arbar\ . Who dyed the 29 day of December, in
ihe veere of our Lord God 1,")()G.

VOL. II. E e The

itliew
goeth

- 'lllr V ' ril

■ -^ A

1 ■ ■

310

VOYAC.F.S, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Tho. Chahmcr.

i . 1 f

1^ V

Tht Darke
Auchcr go<th
foi Lot.

Utlloiet

The voyage of Sir Thomas Chaloiier to Algcr with Charles the fift 1541, drawen
out of his booke De Repiiblica Angloruin instauranda.

THomas Chalonerus patria Lnndinensis, studio Caninhrifi;ensi.<, eduratione aulirus, religi-'
one pius, vert^que Christianus fuit. Iiaquc rum iuuenilcm aetatem, mentemq; suam huma-
nioribus studijs robora-<set. Domino Henrico Knruetto :1 potenti-tsimo reRC Henrico <ius no-
minis octauo ad Carohim quintum iinperatorem irniismisso legato, viia ciim illo profectus est,
tanquam familiaris amicus, vcl eidem a coiisihjs, Quoquidem temixire Carolo quinto nauali
certamine i\ Genua it Corsica in Algyram in Africa contra Turcas classem solucnte ac hostili-
ter proficiscente, ornatissimo illo Kiieuetto legato regis, Thoma Chalonero, Henrico Knolleo,
& Henrico Namo. illnstribus viris eundem in ilia expeditione suapte sponte sequenlibus, pa-
rit^rque mililantibus, mirilicc vitanj suam Chalonerus tutalus est. Nam Iriremi ilia, in (|ua
fuerat, vcl scopulis allisa, vel grauissimis pro cellis conquassata, natifragus cum se diill natalu
defendisset, delicientibus viribus, brachijs manibiisquc languidis ac (juasi encruatis, prchensa
dentibus cum maxima dilTicultale rudenti, qu.-r ex altera triremi iam propinqua turn fuerat
electa, non sine dentium alitpiorum iactura ac fractura scsc tandem recuprrauit, ac domum
integer relapsus est.

The same in Knglish.

THomas Chaloner was by birth a Londiner, by sfuilie a Cantabrigian, by education a Cour-
tier, by religion a deuout and true Christian. Therfore after he ha<l confirmed his youth and
minde in the studies oT good learning, when Sir Henry Kneuet was sent ambass.tdour from
the mighty Prince Henry the 8. to the Umperour Charles the lift, he went with him as his fa-
miliar friend, or as one of his (^mncell. At which time the said ('harles the ."». passing oiicr
from Genoa and Corsica to Alger in Africa in warlike sort, with a mighty army by sea, thai
honourable Kneuet the kings ambasiiadour, Thomas Chaloner, Henry KnoUcs, and Henry Nham.
right worthy persons, of their owne acconl accompanied him in that expedition, iSi senied him
in that warre, wherin Thomas Chaloner escaped most wonderfully with his life. For the gallv
wherein he was, being either dashed against the nukes, or shaken with mighty sformes, and
so cast away, after he had saued himselfe a long while by swimming, when his strength
failed him, his amies iV hands being faint and weary, with great difficulty laying hold with
his teeth on a table, wliirh w.as cast out of the next gaily, not without breaking and losse
of certaine of his teeth, at length recoiiered himselfe, and reinmed home into his cnuntrcv
in safety.

The yoyagc of M. Roger Bodenham with the great Barke .Auchcr to Candia and Chio,

in the yeerc 1550.

IN the yeere 1550. the 13 of Nouembcr I Roger Bodenham Caplaine of the Barke .\iicher
entered the said ship at Graueseiid, for my voiage to the Hands of Candia and Chio in the
Lcuant. The master of my ship was one William Sherwood. From thence we departed to
Tilberv hope, and there remained with contrarie windeK vnlill the (». of lanuarie, 1551. The
fi of January, the \f . came to Tilbery, and I had prouided a skilfull pylot to cary me ouer tiie
lands end, whose name was M. Wood, and with all speede I valed downc that night 10 miles to
take the tide in the morning, which happily I did, and that night came to Douer, and there came
to an anker, and there remained vntill Tuesday, meeting with the worthy knight sir Anthony
Auchcr owner of the saide ship.

The 11 day we arriued in Plimoth, and the 13 in the morning we set forward on our voy-
age with a prosperous v.'inde, and the 16 we had sight of Cape Finister on the coast of Spaine,

The 30 we arriuci at Cades, and there discharged certaine marchandise, and tooke others
aboord.

The tiO of February we departed from Cades, & passed the straights of Gibraltar that
night, and the '<i5 we rame to the He of Mallorca, and staied there fiuc dales with contrary
windes.

' The

haloner.
<icn

s, religi-
n huma-

«iiw no-
ectus est,
to nauali
ic hostili-

Knolleo,
tibiH, pa-
la, in (|iKi
liii nxtatii

prchpiisa
iiin fucrat
ac domiim

oil a Conr-
voiith ami
uli'iir fniin
n as liis fa-
assin;; oiicr
ly sea, thai
cnry I>ihain.
seriicd him
or the gaily
tormcs, ami
lis strength
ig hold with
a and losse
liis conntroy

id Chio,

Jarkc Auchcr
I Chio in the
> departed to
1551. The
nie oner tiie
It 10 miles to
id there came
t sir Anthony

I oil our voy-
last ofSpainc,
I looke others

Gibraltar that
with contrary

' The

Bo^cr lioAcnham.

TRAFFIQUKS. AND DISCOUERIP.S.

. Meiiin^

The first of March, we had s-ight of Sardenna, and the fift of the said month wee arriucd
at Messina in Sicilia, and there discharged much goods, and remained th'-T-e vntill good Fry-
day in Lent.

The cliiefe niarchant that laded the sayd Rarke Aiicher was a march-oit stranger called An-
Hclm Saluago, and because the time was then very dangerous, and no going into Leiiant,
cs'jtciallv to Chio, without a safe conduct from the Turke, the said Anselm promised the
owner Sir Anthony Auchcr, that we should receiuc the same at Messina. But I was posted
from thence to Candi^i, and there I was answered that I should send tt Chio, and there I should
haue mv safe conduct. I w.is forced to send one, and hee had his answpre that the Turke
would giue none, willing me to looke what was best for me to doe, which was no small trouble
to me, considering I was bound to deliuer the goods that were in the ship at Chio, or send
them at mine aduenture. The marchanis without cnre of the losse of the ship would haue
compelled me to goe, or semi their goods at mine aduenliire, the which I denied, and sayd
plainely I would not goe, because the Turkes gallics were come forth to goe against Malta, The Turkt
but by the French kin>!s means, he was pcrswaded to Icaue Malta, and to goe to Tripoly in JJnf''''^" —
Uarb.Tv, which by the French he wan. In this time there were in Candia certainc Turkes ves- Main,
scls called .Skvra-as, which had brought wheat thither to sell, and were ready to depart for
Turkic. And thev departed in the morning be times, carving newes that I would not goe
foorth: the same night I prepared beforehande what I thoujiht good, without making any
man priiiie, vntill 1 sawe time. Then I had no small husines-e to cause my mariners to ven-
ture with the ship in such a manifest danger. Neuerthelcs.se I wan them to goe all with me,
except three which I set on land, and with all diligence I was readie to set foorth about eight
of the clo( ke at night, being a fiire moone shine night, & went out. Then mv '.i marriners
made such rccpiests vnto the rest of my men to come aborde, as 1 was constrained to take them
in. And so with good wind we put into ;he Archipelago, iS. being among the Hands the winde
.scanted, & 1 was forced to ankc- ut an Hand called Micone, where I taried 10 or 12 dales. The Bitkr
hauinir a Grockc I'ilot to carrie the shin to Chio. In this meane season, there came many '^"'''■"" ^^'

~ I ' ' cone.

small boles with mysson sayles to goe for Ciiio, with diuerse goods to sell. c'C' the I'ilot re-
quested me that I would let them goe in mv com|)anv,to which I vccldcd. After the savde
daycs expired, 1 waved & set saile for the Hand of Ciiio, with which place I fcl in the after
noone, whereupon I cast to seaward againc to come with the Hand in the morning betimes.
The foresaid snial vessels which came in my company, departed from me to win the shore, to
get in y ni;;hl, but \pon a sudden thi / espied .i fovstes of Turkes comming vpon them to
spoyle them. My I'ilot, hauing a sonne in one of tliosc small vessels, enfretcd mc to ca«t
about towards them, which at his request I did, and being some thing farre from them, I cau.s-
ed my (iunner to shooi i demycoluering at a fovst that was readie to enter one of the botes.
This was so happy a shot, that it made the Turke to fall a sternc of the bote and to leaue
him, by the which ineanes hee escaped. Then they all came to mc, and requested that they
might hang at my sternc vnlill day li«;ht, by which time I came before theNIole of Chio, and
sent my bote on land to the marchants of that place to send for their goods out of hand, or
else I would returnc back with all to Candia, & ihey should fetch their goods there. But
in line, what by perswasion of my merchants English men, & those of Chio, I was entreated
to come into the harbour, and had a safe assurance for 20 davrs against the Turkes armv, with
u bond of the cilie in the summc of liJOOO ducats. .So I made hast & solde such goods as I The loww.f
h.id to Turkes that came thither, & put all in order, with as much sjieedc as 1 could, fearing *;''i°,ii^X.''
the comming of the Turkes nauie, of the which, the chicle of the citie knew right wel. So cmsfortht
vpon ihc sudden they called me of great friendship, & in secret told me, I had no way to BiJk"A«h«.
•aue my selfe but lo be gone, for said they, we be not able to defend yon, that are not able
to helj) our selues, for the Turke where he commeth, taketh what he will, & leaueth what
he list, but the chicle of the Turkes set order y none shal do any harme to the people or
to their gomls. This was such news lo me, that indeed I wa^ at my wits end, & was
brouuht into n any imagirations how to do, fer that the winde was conirarie. In fine, I dc-
teriiiiiicd to goe foorth. But the marchants Ivnglisli men and other regarding more their

?■ M

]•:

games

2\2

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

fuhn Lockr.

^ I-

«<

ditc miirmiirr
ap-iinjt th«ir

The Turk's

gaines tlion the ship, liiiulcrotl mc \cry iniuh in my purpose of .u;ninp Toorth, and maile the
niarriners to conie to nie to di-niniind their wai^c-; to be payed tliein out of haiidc, and to haiie
a time to eniphiy the same there. Hut God prouided so for me, that I paled tliem their money
that ni^ht, and then rhai-»ed them, tliat if thcv would not ^et the ship foorth, I woidd make
them to answere the same in England, with danger el' their heads. Many were married in
Enf;land and had somewiiat to loose, tiiosc did sticke to nie. I had tweliic {gunners : the Master
j;uiincr who uasamaddc biayned fellow, and the owners seniant had a pnrlament betweene
themsclues. and he vpon the same came vp to me with his sword drawen, swearins; that hee
had promised the owner Sir Anthonv Auilier, to line and die in the sayde shippe a;>ainst all
that should otlcr anv harrnc to the shi])pe, and that he would lij^lit with the whole armic of the
Turkes, and neuer veeidc : whU this I'eilow I had mueh to doe. but nt the last 1 made him con-
fesse his fault and folinwe mine adiiise. Thus with much labour I };at out of the Mole of
Chio, into the sea bv warpinj; loorth, with the heipe of Genoueses bote«, and a Freneh bole
that was in the M(de, and bcinj; out (!od sent mee a speciall sale of winde to tjoe mv wav.
Then I caused a i)ecte to be sliolte oH' for some of my men that were vet in the towne, I'v:
with much a doe thev came aboord, and then I setsavlea litlle before one of ihe thuke, and
I made all the sayle I ( ould, and about halfe an honre past two of the ciocke there came seuen
rkcihc Bjlkc gailics Into Cliio to stay 'he sliippe : and (he admirall of them w.is in n great rai;e because sh<'

Aichcr. ^^..^^ oDno. Whercupoii thev put some of the best in prison, and tookc all the men (if ihe

three ships which I left in the port, and put them into the Gallies. Thev would haue fol-
lowed after mee, but that ti\e townes men found mcanes thev did not. The next day came
thither a hundred more of (ialiies, and there taried for their wiiole companic, which beinjj
together were about two hundred \- ."lO sayle, takin<j their vovage for to surprise the Hand of
Malta. The next dav after I departed, I had the sight of ('andia, but I was two daven alter
or euer I could get in, where I thou dit my selfe out ol their daunger. There I continued
vntill the Turkes armie was past, who c.un;- wiiiun the sight of the towne. There was j)re-
paraiioii made as thougii the Turks had come thither. There be in that Hand of (.'andia nianv
banished men, that line coniiiuiallv in the inountaines, they came liowne to seme, to the nimi-
ber of Inure or line thousand, tliev are good archt'rs, cnerv one with his bowe and arrowes, a
sword and a dagger, with long haire, and booles tliat reach vp to their grine, and a shirt of
male, hanging the one halfe before, and the other halfe behinde, tlicse were sent awav againe
a.ssoone as ihe armie was past. Tiiey woultl drinkc wine out of all measure. Then the arniie
being past, I laded my shippe with wines and other things : and so after I had that which I
left in Chio, 1 departed for Messina. In the way I foimd about Zaute, cerl.iinc Galliots of
Turkes, laying abord of certaine vessels of Venice laden with Muscatels: I rescued them, and
had but a barrel! of wine for m\ powder and shot: and within a lew daves after I came to
Messina. I had in my shippe a Spanish pilot called N'oble)ri:i, which I tookc in at ("ades ai
my comming foorth: he went with me all thi- vovage intoliie I.euant without wages, of good
will that he bare me and the shippe, he stoixle nie in good steede vntill 1 came backe agaim-
to Cades, and then I needed no I'ilot. .\nd so from thence I came to London with the shippe
and goods in safetie, (Jod be praysed. And all those .Mariners that wcvc in mv savd shippe.
which were, besides boyes, threescore and tenne, for, the most part were wifliin fuieorsixe

M«wr Rich.ii.i yeercs after, able to take charge, and did. Kichard Chancelier, who first discouered Ktissia.

AilmcrMathcw ^^"^ ^'^^ '"^ '" '''-"f vovagf, and Mathcw Uakcr, who afterward became tlie (|neenes Maie

^■kn.

Flue thousand
bjnishcd mui
in Candia.

ties chiofe ship-wright.

The vovage of M. lohn I.ocke to Jerusalem.

II '/

IN my voyage to lerusalcm, I irabarkcd my selfe the 2(i ol.Manh \bbii in the good shippe
called the Mathew Gonson, which was bound for Liiiorno, or I.egornc and Candia. It lell
out that we touched in tlie beginning of Aprill ne.vt ensuing at Cades in Andaiozia, where
the Spaniardes, according to their accustomed maner with all shippes ofcxtraorduiarie good-
nes and burden, picked a quarrell against the eompanv, meaning to haue forfeited, or at the
least to haue arrested the said shippe. And tiiey grew so malicious in their wrongful 1 j)ur-

pose,

John Locke.

pose, that I beinj
should not be ou
hard beginning,
tialla of Venice,
of May in the sa
trary, we were r
barie, where we
houres before su
Straits, where wc
rent of the sirail
and blew a ftirthi
third of lune. /
lerusalcm in the 1
I lohn I.ocke, ;
/danders, Almai
\cnice, the l(i o
towardcs the coa-
iiir ship the l'er(
urimes moner, w
.liter the rate of ti
The l!»dav we
sion wc went on
wc sawe the Uoiih
The 20 day ^ve
C(jna, and the hiih
100. miles distant
■flu' 2\ we s:i\
rorke in the niids
like a sugarloafe
drea ; on this rock
S. .Xndiea on the
(lie left liande, th
passed them. II p
ami J.issa froiu at
:uid I.issa, tenne i
hereagainst wc w
The 22. we ha
hand. and on the
lyeth ill the mids
and it hath a lot);
night are cast aw
two Hands are dJ!
great Hand callei
fruitfull of vines,
ke|)t our course
uerneinent of Ha
named Meleda, w
and inhabited, a
Hand lyeth a hill
of both landes at
The 23 we sa\
night wc were w
it was tiight, we

John Locke,

TRAFI-IQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

'-213

pose, that I beiiif; vltcrly out of hope of any sjiecdie release, to the eiu!e tliat my intention
should not be oucrtlirowcn, was iiiCoiTcd to fake this course foiiovinjj. Notwitli«ita'Hlin{r this*
iiard beginiiiiig, it fell oiil -.o luckily, that I found in the roado a f^reat shippe called the Ca-
iialla of Veiiic :c, whoriii after as^rccment made with the j)atron, I shipped my seife the 2i,
of May ill the said yen- ir),j.'<, and the 'ij by reason of the winde blowing; hard and con-
trary, we were not al)lc to enter the straits of (libraliar, but were put to the coast of Bar-
baric, where we anivcrcd in the maine sea 2. leagues from shore, and confiiuied so vntill t\\:,
hourcs before sunne set, and then we weifjhod a;;aine, and turned our ( i>iir-^e towards the
Straits, where we entered the 21} day aforesayd, the winde bein^' very caline, but the cur-
rent of t!ie sirailcs \ery faiioiirable. The same dav the winde beganne to rise somewhat,
and blew a furthering pale, and so conliiuied at Northwest vntill we arriued at Legornc the
third of liine. And from thence riding ouor land vnio \'cnice, 1 prepared for my voyage to
Icrusaleni in the I'ilgrimcs shippf.

I lohn I.ocke, accom]).inii'd with Maister Anthony IJastwold, with diners other, Hollanders,
Zclandcrs, Almaiiu-; and rrenrh ]>ili{riines enlered the good shippe called Fila Cauena "' pJ"jf'',L' j''
Venice, the l(i of lulv l.")a'i. and the 17 in the morning we weighed our anker and led nhior icmii-
i(>v\ardcs the coa»t of Istria, to the port of U niuno, and the said day there came aboaid of''"' . .
i.iir sliip liic I'erceMena of the shippe luinied ranii>ari, for to recciuc the rest of all the pil- misttii.
unines inonev. which wms in all after the rate of 55. Crowncs for eucry man for that voyage,
. liter the rate of fine shillings starling to the crciwne: This dune he returned to Venice.

The I'.* dav wo ti oke fresh victuals aboard, and with the boi that brought the fresh proui-
-loM we went on land to the 'I'owne, and went to see the Church of Sancta Eufemia, where SinctiEiftmi.t.
we >awe the liodie of the sayd Saint.

The 'iO (lav wee dep.iried from Honignio, and about noone we had sight of Nfonic de .\n- M""" J' An.
cona, and the hillcs of Dalmatia, or cUv of Sclationia both at one time, and by report they arc ""''
l(JO. miles <listant fruni ecii nthir, and innre.

flu' '^1 we sa\ led still in sight of Uahnalia, and a little before noone, we had sight of a
riK ke in the midst ofihi- sea. called in Italian il i'omo, it appcareth a farre olfto be in shape "[""i^
like a sugarloafe. Also we sawe another rurke about two miles comjxjsse called Sant An- -iam An.irri.
(Irea ; on this nuke is onclv one Monaslerie of Friers : we say led helweene them both, and left
S. .\ndrea on the left hand of vs, and we had also kenning of another Hand calleil l.issa, all on Lisu an ll.mii.
the left haiule, these three Fands lie East and West in the sea, and at sunne setting we h.id
passed them. II pimio is distant from Sant .Andrea 18 miles, and S, Andrea from I.issa 10 miles,
and Eissa from another Hand called I,e/ina. which standelii betweene the maine of Dalmatia i.^mi Hi'--!-
and Eissa, tenne miles. This ll.nul is inhabited, and hath great plentie of wine and frutesand
hereagainst we were becalmed.

The 22. we had si<:ht of anither sni.Tll Hand calletl C'atza, which is desolate and on the leficau.i.
hand, and on the right han<l, a \ery dangennis Hand called Felagosa, this is also desolate, and ivbgow.
Iveth in the midst of the sea bitweeiic Imth the malnes; it is verv dangerous and low land,
and it hath a long led'_'e of rockcs King out sixe iniles into the sea, so that many siiips by
night are cast awav vpon them. There is betweene Cat/a and IVIagosa .'iO miles, and these
two Hands are dist;int from Veni<'e 400. iniles. 'fhere is also about twelue miles eastward, a
great Hand called Augusta, about 1 1 miles in length, sinncwl at hillie, but well inhabited, and Augusti.
friiilfnll of vines, conic and other fruit, this also we left on the left hand: & we haue hitherto
kej)t our course from ]l<>nii;iiii) East southeast. Tiiis Hand is viuler the Signiorie or go-
iiernemeiit of Itagiisa, it is distant l'nin\ IJagiisa .jO miles, and there is bv th;it Hand a greater,
named Meleda, which is also \ luU r the goneinement of Kat^Usa, it is about ,'{0 miles in length, Mtitda.
and inhabitetl, and hatli good porles, it Iveth bv East irom .Augusta, and oner against this
Hand lyeth a hill called Monte S. Angcio, vpon the coast of Piiglia in Italy, and we had sight Moi«'Sant.iVn-
ol both landes at one time. ^"''

The 23 we sa\ led all tl.e dav inng hv the l)o\iliiie alongst the coast of liagusa, and towardes
night we were within 7. or X. miles of H:\gn«a, that we might sec the white walles, but because
it was night, we cast about to the sea, minding at tlie sei oiid watch, to beare in againe to Ka-

gu<a,

,f,.

2* '

.' S

,." /

i.^'^r

214

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

lohn Lockt

Iff

^1,

( vit

yfrcljr.

II Cromo.

fioll dc Meto.
Sint Andrf>.

giisa, for '.(> know the ncwcs of the Tiirkcs j,r: -, but the wincic l)Icw so hard and contrary,
Risusa p.ifih ,1,3, ^yp could not. This citie of Rauusa paicth tribute to the Turkc yercly fourfecne Ihoii-

14000. Sfcninuf i«i' ■ i. . ^ r \r ■ -If I II !•■

loiheTurkr saHQ Sechmos, and eucry Sechino is of VenclMii nioiu-y I'l^ut lau-rs and two soldes, besides
other presents which thev ^iue to tlie Turke< llass.is when they tonic thither. The Venetians
banc a rocke or craggc within a mile of the said towne, for the whirh the Haguseos would
giiie them much money, but they doe koepc it more for the namesake, then for profite. This
rocke lieth on the Southside of the towne, and is called 11 Cromo, there is nothing on it but
onely a Monasterie called Sant leroniino. Tiie inaine ol the Turken countrie is bordering on
it within one mile, for the which Ciiuse they are in great subieclion. This night wee were
put backe by contrarie winds, and ankercd at Mcllcda.

The'i4 being at an anker vnder Mellcda, we would haue gone on land, but the wiiule came
so fairc that we presently set sayle and went our course, iiiid left on (he right hand of vs the
forenamed Hand, and on the left hand betweiMie vs and the maine the Hand of Zupanna, and
within a mile of that vnder the maine by East, another Hand called Isola de Me/.o. Tlii^
Handhalh two Monasteries in it, one called Santa Maria de Di/o, and the other Sant Nicholo
Also there i>a third rocke with a Frierie called S;)nt .Xndria: iliese Hands are from the maine
but two miles, and the channell betweene Melleda and Zujjnnna is but foiire or fine miles
oner bv gesse, but very deepe, for we had at an anker I'nrtie Caihnins. The two Hands of
yiupaniia and Mc^o arc well inhabited, and \crv faire buildings, but nothing plenlie saue
wine onely. This night toward sunneset it waxed < aline, and wesaylt-d little or nothing.

The '24 we were past Kagusa 14 miles, and there we unite witii two Venetian shijx,
whicii came from Cyprus, we thought they would haue spoken with vi, for we were desir-
ous to tatke with them, to knowe the newes of the Turkes armie, ami to haue sent .some let-
ters h\ thein to Venice. About noone, we had scant sight of CasicI nouo, which Castell a
fewe yeeres past the Tiirke tooke from the r.mpcrour, in which light were slaine three hun-
dred .Sjjaiii-h souldiers, be-ides the rest whic'i were taken prisniiers, and in.ide gallic sl.iues.
n«t dc Caiiro. Jh\s ("astcH i> hard at the mouth ol a channell (ailed Ho<a ile Calar.). The Venetians haue
„.o. a hold within the channell called C'alaro, ihi- ihaiiiiell i;.icih \ p to I'ludn,!, and I'liriher \\t

into llie countrty. About snnne set we were inier ngain^l liie liill'.'-> ol .Vnliueri in Sclauonia,
in the which hilles the Venetians iiaiie a lowne railed .\iiiiiuri, and llu- Tiirkes haue another
acaiiist it called .Nfarcheuetii, the which two luwues cciiiliiui.iiU skirmish to);elher with much
\t the eml of ih'-se hils endelli the ("ountrcv of Sclauonia, and .Mbania begin-
neth. These hilles are thirlie mile-i liistaiit from liagus 1.

The "21 we ke])t our course tow;irds I'li^lia, .iinl left .Mbania on ihe lelf hand. The ',H.
we had .sight of boih the maincs, but we witc i.iere the coast uf ru^lia, f r feare ol
Foystes. It is betweene Caj)e Chimera in All)ania and Cape Oiraiito in i'uglia W) miles.
I'uglia is a plaine low lande, and Ciiimera in .-Vlbania is very high i;ind, so that it is scene
the further. Thus savling our course along the coa-.! of Fu<;iia, we snw dinerse white
Towers, whi(h seme for sci-markes. .About three ol the clo( ke in ilie alter nnone, we
iiad sight of a rocke called II lano, 4S miles from Corfu, and bv sun ;e set we disi oi.eied
Corfu. Thus we kept on our couise wilh a prosperous winde, and ina.le our wav alter
tweliie mile euery houre. Most part of this w.iv we were accom])anied wilh certaine fishes
called in the Italian tongue I'al^mide, it is a lish three quaiicrs of a yard in length, in colour,
eating, and making like a Makarell, s.imewhat bi::ge and thick in brdy, and the i,i\le forked
like a halfe mnone, for the which cause it is said ihal the Tiiike will n< I suflir them to be
taken in all his dominions.

The 2y in the morning we were in si;;ht of an Hand, whi( h we left on our left hande
tailed Cephaliinia, it is vnder the Venetians and well inhabited, wilh a I'aire towne strongly
siinated on a hill, of the which hill the Hand bearcth her nunc, it hath also a \erv strong
fortresse or Casile, and pleiitie of erne and wine, their l.inguage is Crceke, it is disuni
from the maine of Morea, thirlie miles, it is in compasse S() miles. One houre wiihin
night we sayled by the towne st.mding on the South cape of Cephalonia, wherebv we might
percciue their lights. Tiiere come oftenlinies into the treekes and riuers, the Turkes

fovstes

bitlr nouo.

hiidiij.
Antiufri.
Mar,;hfuctti.
I'he end of
sclaiiciiia and

ihf bfjinmni of slaughter

Albania.

rjjlia.

C.ii< chimera

Capf Otianlo.

II fano.
Corfu.

ralomide.

CrplialoDii

Morea.

hn Locke.

contrary,
'CDC thou-
es, besidcit
: Venetians
^eos would
fitc. This
r on it l)ut
rdcrin<; <m
t \>'ce were

vindc ramc
d of vs I lie
panna, and
Iczo. Tllii

nt Nieholo
1 the maine
r fine miles
to Ilnnds of
)lentio sauc
• nothin;^.
etiaii ships,
were desir-
iit some le(-
lI> Castell a
■ three hun-
;allie shines,
u'tians hauc
il I'liriher \p
n Sc'hiuonia,
laue another
T with much
bania begin-

111. The '.8.
r r fearc ol
ia (K) miles,
f it i.s seciie
iuer.se while
r noone, we
e di>( ouered
iir wav after
•rtaiiie fishes
th, in colour,
l.ivie forivtd
r ilieni to be

iir left handc
wne strongly
X \ery strong
, it is distant
houre vsithiii
fby we inij;ht
, the Tiirkts
fovste»

John Locke.

TlJAFriQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

tr»

foystcs and gallies where at their arriuall, the Countrcy people doe signifie vnto their neigh- •

bours by so many lights, as there arc foistes or gallies in the Hand, and thus they doe from

one to another the whole Hand ouer. About three of the clockc in the afternoone the

winde scanted, and wee minded to haue gone to Zante, but we could not for that night, zante.

This Hand of Zante is distant from Cephalonia, 12 or l-t miles, but the towne of Ccpha-

lunia, from the towne of Zante. is distant fortie miles. This night we went but little

forward

TH . ,{0 day we remained still turning vp and downe because the winde was contrary, and
tov.irds night the wiiule mended, so that we entered the channel! betweene Cephalonia, &
Zante, the which chanell is about eight or tenne miles ouer, and these two beare E.i.st and
by .South, and West and by North from the otiicr. The towne of Zante lieth within a point
oi' the land, where we came to an anker, at nine of the clocke at night.

The .'{l about sixe of the clocke in the ini^rning, I with tiue Hollanders went on land, and lohn Lockt, and
hosted at the licaisc of Pedro de Venetia. After breakfast we went to see the towne, and fi" HoiUndfit
passing along we went into some of the Orceke churches, wherein we .sawc their Altarcs,
images, and other ornaments. This done, wee went to a Monasterie of Friers called Sancta sanu Mini d«
M;\ria dc la Croce, these are westerne Christians, for the Greekes hauc nothing to doe with iiCr«c.
them, nor thcv wit!i the Greekes, for they ditl'er very much in religion. There arc but 2.
Friers in this Friery. In this Monasterie we saw the tombe that M. T. Cicero, was buried m. T.Ci«ro.
ill, witli Tereiitia .Viitonia, his wile. This tombe was foundc about sixe yceres since, when
the Mdiia-itcrv was built, there was in time past a streete where the ti>mbe stoode. At the
liiuiiiig (if the tombe there was also found a yard vnder ground, a square stone vomewhat
longer then broad, vpon which stone was found a writing of two seuerall handes writing, the
one as it seemed, for hiiii<elfe, and the other for his wife, and vnder the same stone was
found a gla.sse somewhat pro[)ortioned like an vrinall, but that it was eight square and very
thicke, wherein were the ashes of the head and right arme of Mar. T. Cicero, for as stories
make mention he was beheaded as I remember at Capua, for insurrection. And his wife
hauing got his head and right arme, (which was br(>ii;;ht to Rome to the Emperoiir) went
from Rome, and came to Zante, and there buried his head and arme, and wrote vpon his
tombe this style M. f. Cicero. * llaiie Then followeih in other letters, Kl tu Tcrcntiii • Or, Aue.
Antuhiu, which diflercnce of letters declare that tht-y were not written both at one time.
The tombe is long and iiarrowe, and deepc, walle<l on euerv side like a graiie, in the Tht dtitriptis
bdtomc whereof was found the savd stone with the \»riting on if, & the said glasse of ashes, " ' '"^ '
and also another litle glasse of the saiue proportion, wherein, .is they say, are the feares of
his fricndes, that in those daves tlicy did \se to gather and burv witii them, as they did vse in
Italy and Spaine to teare their h.iire, to bury with their fricndes. In the sayde tombe were
a fewe bones. Alter dinner we rested vntill it drew towards euening by re.ison of the heat.
And about foure of the clocke wc walked to another Frierie a mile out of the towne called
Sant Elia, these are white Friers, there wer<' two, but one is dead, not sixe dayes since. Smt Eii.i, but
This Frierie hath a garden very pleasant, and well liirnished with Orenges, Lemons, pome- ""'''""•
granafes, and diucrs other good fruites. The wav to it is somewhat ragged, vp hill and
downe, and very sfonie, and in winter very durtie. It standeth very plesantly in a clift
bctwcciie two hillcs, with a good prospect. From thence we ascended the hill to the Castle,
which is situated on the very toppe of a hill. This Castle is very strong, in compasse a large Th» d«crip(ir.
mile and a halfe, which being victualed, (as it isneuer vnfurnished) and manned with men of x.'JJj^^'''"*
trust, it may defend it selfe against any I'rinces power. This Castle taketh the iust com-
passe of the hill, and no other hill neerc it, it is so steepe di>wne, and so high and ragged,
that it will tyre any man or euer he be halfe way vp. Very nature hath fortified the walles
and bulwarkes: It is by nature foure scpiare, and it commandeth the towne and porte. The
Venetians haue alwaycs their I'odesta, or Gouernour, with his two Counsellours resident
therein. The towne is well inhabited, & halh great qiiantitic of housholders. The Hand
by report is threescore and tenne miles about, it is able to make twcntie thousand fighting
men. They say they hauc alwaycs line or sixe hundred horsemen rcadic at an houres warn-
ing.

lli' 1^ !

'■ IMii*i ;^

" i'

•i!i

1 y;''

'216

The Turk* I1.11I1
jttfinpttJ ihf

VOYAGl-S. naui(;atioks.

John J,orly.

Thcv

sav the Turke hnlh aHsn>cd if wilh KK) (iallics, hut ho roiiKI neucr hring hi<
'" ' *- * ' 1-11 :.-...:- anv men in thi-*

The Cisile of
*I"ornf«e.

Twfluc Turk*

fC:iUirtaiModon,
ind t'oron, and
C'lndt.i.

Mi>don<
Coron.

Oeti*

dpe Spida.
C. Silonion.

purpose to passe. It i> strannc to mvc h(iw tlu'y shntiUi inuintaiiic ho many
ilaiul, for their best siislcnaiue is >viiu', and tlic rc>f but niiseraljlc.

The lirst of Aiif>iist we were wji-ncil aboonl l)y the patron, ami toward* eiieninjj >ve set
«aylc, and had siglit of a Caslle t.illtd rornesto, whiih is the I'lirives, and \> ten miles IVoni
Zante, it did belong to the Vencii.ins, but they haiie now lout it, it >tandetli also on a inl!
on the sea side in Morea, All that iMj;lit wv li.irc into the ^e.i, because we li;ul newes at
Zantc of twelue of the Turkes ^allies, that eaine from Hhcides, which were about .Modon,
Coron, and Candia, for which raine we kept al the sea.

The second of August wc had no sij;ht ol' land, but kept our course, and about the
third watch the windc .scanted, so that we bare >Niih the shore, and had sight of .Nfodon and
('oron.

The third wc had sight of Cauo Mattapan, and all that day by reason of contrary winder
which blew somewhat hard, we lav a hull vntill nmrning.

The (luirlli we were still vnder the sayd Cape, and so continued that dav. and tow.irdes
nijthi there urewe a contention in the siiip amon;:st the Hollaiulers and it had like lo haiie
bene a great iuconucnience, for we had all our weapons, yea euen our kniues taken fnnn \i
that night.

The (il't, wc sayled by the Howline, and "Ut of tiie top|)e we had sight of the Hand
of Candia, and towardes noone we might see it plaine, ?.nd towards niglit the winde wa\cil
cahne.

The si\l toward the brcake of day we saw two small Hands called (!o/.i, and towaiil- noonc

we were betweene them: the one of these IlaiuU is lifieenc miles about, and the other 10,

miles. In those Hands are nourished store of laiicll for butter anti (hee-e. There are to

the number of liftie or sixtie inhabitants, whidi aic Circekes, mikI ilicy Hue chiellv on milke

and cheese. The Hand of Candia is 7C<> miles about, it is in length, from Cape Spada, to
f i._i •)iu\ :\... :. :. ... .1..,.. »ut i„ i.!....i-...i .1 1 i:..i..:.. .

Cape Salomon, .'i(M) miles, it is as they sa\, able to make one hni'.drcd tJKnisand (ightinu
\Ve sa\ led betweene the (Jo/.i, ard Candia, ami they aie di-lant frcin Candia ;"> or <•

11, ami \crv good arclier-, and shoot ncere the marke.

men.
miles.

The Candiots are slioui; men

This llande is Iri'm Zante .'{(X) niile-^.

The seuenlh we sa\ led all along ilie ^a'll llaiul wiiii iiiile winde and \nsiable, and tlie eight

'■\* tot. -I,..!..- ii!iiKt iL-n ilcM.. r., tt... 1.' ._) jiiiit f.r tfi/> 1i-ii,,i

'ui saw no lauil.

I'-fi, Miloii.
Cauo Bianco.
C411C dc la gattc.

l.ilDlSi?.

Caualrtu, ii a
crnaiiie vfrniin*
In (hr ltlat:d ui
Crrlui.

dav towards nij;ht we drew to llic I'.i.l end of the Hand.

J'he !• and It) we s,i\!ril along witii a |,ri'..spci.iu> winde aii

The II in the moi-nin;.!. we had sii^lil i.l llie Hand ntC'\ priis, and towards noonc we were
thwart ti)e Caj)e called I'onia Malot.i, and alioui Inure oi the ( locke \ve were as Carre as B.illii,
and about sunne set we passed Cauo Hianco, and tow.irds nine of the clocke at night we
doubled Cauo dc la gatte, and ankered afore I.imi'so, but the wind blew so hard, that we could
not come neere the towne, neither dni-f anv nii'n goe on land. The towne is from Cauo
de le ^attc tweUie miles distant.

'i he 12. of -\ugust in the morning wee went ou laud to I.iMiis^o: this towne is ruinated
and nothing in it worth writing, sane onelv in the niidsof the tnwne there hath bene a fur-
tresse, which is now dec. lyed, and the wajs pari ouerlhrowen. which a Turkish Kouer with
lerlaine gallics did destroy aliout 10. or l!i. \ceres p.ist. fhis d.iy walkint; to see the towne,
we chanced to sec in the market phu e, a great ciuantilie of a certaine vermine lalled in the
Italian tongue Caualetie. It is :>> I (an learne, both in slia])e .md i)ignesse like a grassehop-
per, for I can iudge but little dillerence. Of the-e many yeercs they haue had sii< h <piati-
titie _\ ti.ey destroy all their come. I'luv are >o plagued with them, y almost etiery ycere
they doe well nie loose liaife their eoine, whether it be the nature of the eountrev, or the
plague of (i<id, that let the'u iudge th.ii best can define. Hut that there mav no default he
laied to their negligence for the desini< lion ol' the, ihev haue thnjiigiiout the winde land a
constituted order, that enerv I'armi r or husliandman ( (\hich are euen as slaues bought and
sold to their lord) shall euerv vcerc p.iv ad nrding to his territorie, a measure full of the
sccdc or egges of these forenained Caualette, the which they are bound to bring to the mar-
ket,

li)hn Locke.

Tr?AFFIQUES, AND DJSCOUEHIKS.

«17

krt, and present to the n^wer a|»[><)intcd for the same, the which officer taketh of them very
(i(r;iij,'ht imaMire, anil wrilolh tlio names of the presenters, and piitteth the sajrd egges or
si'cil, into a house appointed lor the same, and hailing the house Tull, they beate them to
poikliT, and cast ilirni into the sea, and l)y this pollicic they doe as much as in them lieth for
the (Icsiruition of ihcin. This vermino hrecdeth or ingendereth at the lime of corne being
ripe, and the i ornc bevni; had away, in the clods of the same ground do the husbandmen
/iiid ) nestes, or, as I may rather tcrme them, cases of the egges of the same vermine.
Their nests are nuirh like to the kcics of a hasel-nut tree, when they be dried, and of the
same length, but somewhat bigger, which ease being broken you shall see the egges lie
nuirh like \ nto antes egges, but somewhat lesser. Thus much 1 haue written at this time,
because I had no more lime of knowledge, but I trust at my returnc to note more of this
island, with the commodities of the same at l.irge.

The l.'i. day we went in the morning to the Oreekes church, to see the order of their ce- ^!" '"J,','^""
remonies, & of their communion, of the which to declare the whole order with the number (i[«ke
of their ceremonious crossings, it were to long. Wherefore least I should oflTend any man, thutchr»
I leauc it vnwrilten : but onely that I noted well, that in all their Communion or seruice,
not one did cuer knecle, nor yet in anv of their Churches could I eucr see any graiien
images, but painted or portrayed. Also they haue store of lainpes alight, almost for cuery
image one. Their women arc alwayes sepcratcd from the men, and generally they are in
the lower ende of the Church. This night we went aboord the ship, although the wind were
contrary, we diil it because the patrone should not find any lacke of vs, as sometimes he did:
when as tarviiig vpon his owne businesse, he would colour it with the delay of the pilgrimes.

The 1+. dav in the morning we set saile, and lost sight of the Island of Cyprus, and the
15. dav wc were likewise at Sea, and sawe no land: and the Ki. day towards night, vre
looked for land, but we sawe none. Hut because we supposed our selues to be necre our
port, we tookc in all our sailes except onely the foresaile and the missen, and so we remain-
ed all that night,

The 17. day in the morning, we were by report of the Mariners, some sixe miles from
lafTa, but it prooucd contrary. Hut because we would be sure, wee came to an anker seuen
miles from the shore, and sent the skifT'e with the Pilot and the master gunner, to learne the
coast, but they returned, not hauing seen tree nor house, nor spoken with any man. But
when they came to the sea side againe, they went \ p a little hill standing hard by the brinke,
whereon as they thought they sawe the hill of lerusaleiu, by the which the Pilot knew (af-
ter his iudgcment) that wee were past our port. And so this place where we rode was, as
the mariners sayd, about aO, mile from latla. This coast all alongst is very lowc, plaine,
white, sandie, and desert, ibr which cause it hath fewe markcs or none, so that we rode here
as it were in a gulfc betweene two Capes.

The 18. day we abode still at anker, looking for a gale to returne backe, but it was con- a grot tutrmt.
trary : and the 19. we set saile, but the currant hauing more force then the winde, we were
driucu backe, insomurli, that the .ship being vnder saile, we cast the sounding lead, & (not-
withstanding the wind) it remained before the shippe, there wee had muddie ground at fif-
tcene fadome. The same day about 4. of the clocke, wee set .saile againe, and sayled West
alongst the coast with a fresh side-winde. It chanced by fortune that the shippes Cat lept info ACitfaUfnint*
the Sea, which being downe, kept her selfe very valiauntly aboue water, notwithstanding fhecoucKi"'
great waue.s, still swimming, the which the master knowing, he caused the Skiffe with halfe
a dosen men to goe towards her and fetch her againe, when she was almost halfe a mile from
the shippe, anil all this while the ship lay on stales. I hardly beleeuc they would haue
made sui h haste and mcanes if one of the company had bene in the like perill. They made
the more haste because it was the patrons cat. This I haue written onely to note the estima-
tion that cats are in, among the Italians, for generally they esteemc their catte.s, as in Eng-
land we estceme a good Spaniell. The same night about tennc of the clocke the winde
calmed, and because none of the shippe knewe where we were, we let fall an anker about 6
mile from the place wc were at before, and there wee had muddie ground at twclue fathome.

vol.. 11. F f The

' i'

»:■'■"'■

I.: 1;^;.

«18

VOYAOKS, NAUIOATFONS,

John Locke,

The 80 it wan still ralmc, ami llu- iiirrrnt so stroma still one way, that wo wore iidt ahic to

111 whore

(loul)li

trliilliPr

Thfv met with

Thf twotowcri
111 liir>.
Sci'lio di Santo
Ptlio.

A mesfcpf f r df-
f irtcth for Uru-
ulrm.
Mihomet il
clothed in
irctnc.

The Guardian tf
Icriiialem cum*
mrth lo Itlfj,
with th- Cidy,
and Suljjsvi.

A cloud callrd of
the Il*Iuni tiori
must daii^cruus.

«temmc thi' sircame : morcniiiT wf kiu
wre were past, or short of our port, the Ma^irr, I'ilot, and oilier Ollifers of the shippe cn-
tcreil into coimsi'll wlial was hoi lo iloe, whcrcvpon they aurocd lo senile llie l»itc on lande
againc, to sccko some man to speake witli all, but ihcy rcliirneil as wi te as iheV went. Then
we set savle ajjaine and sounded ciierv mile or halfe mile, and loiKul still one depth, so we
noi knowing where we were, ranie ajjaine lo an anker, seiieii or eij^ht miles In West from
the plate we were al. Thus still doul'liii.!; where we were, the hole went on land a>{ainp,
and bron;;ht newcs that wee were short SO miles of the plaie, whereas we ihounht wee lud
beene ouersiiot bv eastlifiie miles. Thus in these doubts we lost Inure dayes, niiil neiier a
man in the sliipjie able lo tell where we were, nolwilhstaiidin); there were diuerse in the shippe
that had beeiie there before. Then snyd the I'ylot, that at his ((immiiii; to the shore, bv
chance he saw two wavfaiinij men, which were Moores, and he crved to them in Turkish,
insomuch ihit the Moores, partly tor leare, and partly for lat ke of vndcrstandini;, (seeiiii;
iliein to be Chrisiiaiis) be)(aniie lo flie, yet in the end with much a doe, ihev stayed lo spi ake
with ihem, wliich men when they came together, were not able to viidersiaiid ech other,
but our men made to them the si^ne of the Crosse on the sande, to j;iiie them to \ndirstand
tl at lhe\ were of the sliippe that brought the pilgrims. Then the Moores knowin<; (a.s al
•he cou'itrv else doth) thai it was the \se of ("hristiaiis to j;o lo lenisaiem, shewed them to
be \cl by west ol" I.dlii. Thus we remained all that night at anker, aiulthe I'ariher west that
we say led, the lessc water we h.ad.

The '21 we set sayle againe, and kept our cutirse Northeast, but because we would not goe
alonj; the shore by night, wee came to an anker in foure and Iwentie I'alhome water. Tiieii
the next morning being the 9!i we set s.i\le .igaine, and kept our course as before, and about
three of the clocke in the afiernoone wee hail sight of the two towers of lallii, and about
fine uf the clocke, wee were with a roike, called in the Italian tonuiie, Scolio di Santo I'e-
Iro, on the wliiih r eke they say he fished, when Christ bid him cast his net on the right
side, and caiigiit so many lishes. This rocke is now almost worne away. It is from laHa two
or three mile: here before tiie two towers we (Mine to an anker Then the pilgrimes after
itiipper, in salutation (.1 the liolv laiule, sang to the pcusf ol' (iod, Te Deiim laudamus, with
Magniticat. and Uenedicius, but in the shippe was a I'tier of .Sanio Francisco, who for an-
ger because he was not (ailed and warned, would not sing with vs, so that he stood so miirh
vpon his dignitie, that he forgot his sjmpliciiie, and neglected his deiintion to the holv land
for that lime, saying that first ihev ought to haue < .died him yer they did beginne, betaiise
he was a Fryer, and had beene there, and knewe the orders.

The <i{ we sent the bote on land with a messenger to the Padre Guardian of leriisalem.
This day it was notilied vnto mee by one of the shijipe tliiit h.id beene a slaue in Turkic, that
no man might weare greeiie in this land, bec.iuse their |)ropliet .Mahomet went in greene
This (.Tine to my knowledye bv reason of the .S( riiianello, wiio had a greene (ap, wliii h was
forbidden him to weare on the land.

The 24. y.l. and 'it* we tarycd in the sliippe still looking for the comming of the I'adre
guardian, .iiid the 'i(» at night we had a storine whii h Listed ad the ne\t(la\.

The 'i? in the morning, came the Cadi, y Snbassi, i>i: the .Meniwe, with the P.idre guar-
dian, but lliey could iioi come al vs l)\ reason o( the stonnv weather: in the afternoone we
assayed lo send the bole on land, but the weather wmild not sufb'r vs. Then ag.iine toward
night the bote went a shore, but it n turned not that night, 'flie same dav in the afK-rnonne
we sawe in the element, a cloud with a long l,i\ le, like viito the tavie of a serpent, which
(loud is called in Italian Cion, the tavle of this cloud did hang ;is it were into the sea: and
we dill see the water Mider the .sa\ile clniule ascend, .is it were like a smoke or invste, the
whiiii this Cion drew \ [) to it. T he .Marriners rep 'iled lo ss th it it had this pre perlie, tli:it
if it should lia|)pen to haue lighted on anv part of the sliippe, that it would rent and wrelh
i^ayles, mast, shroudes and shippe and ;ill in manner like a w. th : on the land, trees, houses,
or whatsocuer else it lighieth on, it would rent :ind wrelh. These marriners did vse a cer-

laine

John Locke.

not able to

lin;; whillicr

• sliippi' en-

)|c on hindo

went. 'I'licn

li'plli, so we

\ West from

land ajrainc,

ii{ht vvjT had

and lienor a

in ilicshi|)pf

llic xhiirc, l)v

1 in Turkish,

linn, i^i'i'ii'i;

Vfd to spi iki-

lid I'lh other,

to \ndirstniid

lowiiii; (as al

ewed them to

ihcr west tliat

would not j;i>e
water, 'rheii
ore, and alioiit
illli, and al)oiit

di Santo I'e-
t on the ri^^ht
Iroin latla two

piljjrimcs after
hiiidanuK, with
o, who fiif an-
stood so iniirh
() the holy land
j;iiine, heiaiiso

n of leriisalein.

in Tiirkie, tliai

vent in <;reene

cap, whit h was

\)r of the Padre

he I'adre giiar-
' al'leriioone wi-

1 a^aiiie toward
1 llif afiernoiiiic

serpent, whicli
to the sea : and
V or mvste, the
. pn perlie, that

rent and wieth

d, trees, houses,

rs did vse a i cr-

taine

h)hii Locke.

riiAri'KiuivS, AND nisrouF.uiKS.

lainc coniiiratinn to lircakc the >tay(l layle, or eiit it in two, which a* thpy My doth prciiaile.
I'hey dill lake a Mac ke lafled knife, and with the cd>;e of the same did crosse the said
taile as if they would (iii it in twain, saving these words, Mold ihoii ('ion, eat this, and
then lliev sIik ke llic knife on the ship side with the edjje towards the said clmide, and I
saw it therewith vaiii.h in lesse then one ipiarterof an lioiire. Hut whether it was then ron-
siinied, or wiielher tiv vertiie of the Inchantinent it did vanish I knowe not, \n\\ \\ was i;one.
Hereof let them iiidj^e that know more then I. This afternoone we had no winde, hut I'le
Sea very sttormv, insoniin li that neither eheste, pot, nor any thinj; eUe could s:.i;n! i,, fhe
shippe, and wee were driiien to keepe our meatc in one hand, and the pot in the other, and
so sit dowiie vpon the hatches fn eate, for stand we could not, for that the Seas in 'I'c very
port at an anker went so hijjh as if wee had bene in the liay of Portiijfall -..ith sliiruty wca-
ther. The reason is, as the Marinei-s said to me, liecause that there meete all the wanes from
.ill ])laces of the Siraiuhts of (iibralter, and there breake, and that in most caimcs there f;o
greatest seas, whether the winde blow or not.

The '2S. the weather ^jrowin;; somewhat calme, wee went on land and rested our seines for
that (lav, and llie next dav we set forward toward the citv ( f leriisalem.

What I did, and what place of deuotion I visited in leriisalem, and other parts of the
Holv land, from this inv de|)arliire (rom lallii, vntill inv retnrne to the said port, may briefly
be scene in mv I'esiiinoniall, \nder the hand »'<: scale of the Vicar nenerail ol' Mount Sion,
whiv:h for the contenlinent of the Header I tiioii);ht jjood here fo interlace.

VNinersis 8c siniiiilis pr.iseniis liiieras inspeciuris salntem in Domino iiostro lesii Christo.
Atlestainur vobis ac alijs (]nil)us(im(|;, (pialiler honorabijis vir lohannes |,ok cinis I.ondoni-
ensis, (iliiis honoraliilis \ iri (iuilhelini l.ok ecpiitis aiirati, ad sacratissima terra; salicln' loc.i
personaliter se <-ontiilii, sanr|i<siiniiin Domini nostri Icsu ("hristi sepiilchnim, eqiiodie tenia
'^loriosns a mortnis resnrrexit, sacratissimiim ("aluariie inontem, in ipio pro nobis omnibus
rruci atfixus inori dii;iiatns est, Sion etiam niontem vbi ca-nam illam miriticain cnm discipulis
suis fecit, iV vbi spiritns sanclus in die s.incto I'entecosles in discipulos eosdem in litij^nis ii;-
neis descendit, Oliueii<); inotem vbi mirabiliter roelos ascemlit, intemeratH- virjjinis Maria;
Mausoleum in |os:ipl).it \allis medio sitnm, Metlianiain ()uoq;, ]tethlehem cinitatem Dauiil in
jpia lie purissima \ irnine Maria natns est, ibiqiie inter aiiiinalia reclinaliis, pliira(|; loca alia
tarn in llierusalem (iuilale sjik ta terre fudieiL', quam extr.i, a tnodernis pere^rinis visitari
s(diia, deiiotissime visitauit, paritercj; adnranil. In quorum (idem, t'^o frnler Anthonins do
Mernanio ordinis fratrum minorii reyuiaris obseruaniiic, prouinciio dini .Xnlhonij Sacri coniien-
tiis montis Sion vicarins (liict indisjniis) necnon aliorum hxdrum terr.v Sanct.T, ajiostolica
authoriiate comissarius \ rc( tor, has Sij;ilIo maiori nostri olluij nostra<|ue siibscriplione miiniri
volni. Datum lliiTosolymis .ipud sacratissimum doinini coenaculum in s,Tp6 inemorato monte
Sion, .\nno Domini millcsimo (|ningonle!iimn, quinqna};esiiiio Icrtio, ilio voro sexto mensiii
Sopteinbris.

Fr.itcr Autoniu.s qui supra.

Tile I.") of September beinj; come from our pili;rim.i;;e. \\e went aborde our shippe, and
set s.iile, and kept our i oiiise West toward the NLuid of ('\prus, but al that night it was
calme, and the Iti. the winde freshed, and we passed by Mmiiit {'annel

The 17. the wiiido was very scant, yet we kept the so.i, and towards nij^ht wee had a yusic
of raine whereby wee were constrained to strike our sailos, but it was not very storniic, ni"
killed \( i\ Ion;;.

The 18. I'.t. !i(). aiiil ;2I. we kept still the sea and s.iw no land because we had very litie
windi', and that no! very faiiourable.

The V;'-i at iioone the Bnatswaine ^ent some of the Mariners into the boat, (which wo toed
asteriic from lalla) for certaine necessaries belonginj.; to the ship, wherein the Mariners loiiiid
a certaine lish in proportion like a Dace, about (i. inches Ion:; (vet the Mariners said they
had scene the like a foote Ions; and more) the w Inch lish had on ouery side a win^, and toward
the taile two other lesser as it were (innes, on either >ide one, but in proportion they were
wings and of a ^ood length. These wings grow out belweeiio the gils and the carkasse of

- V f 'i the

2IU

A conijritiaii

Thr pilgrimfs
rcmtiit I'fum
Itrni^jk'ii).
M'Hii.t Ciin'.fl

^^,

't ■< I

u <

(■'(I

..■^1

'■t¥

i:.\:

f «

' >v

2S0

tnn ulunkuil,

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

John Locke.

Cauo fit U
CIrirp.

Ainicho lU Vf
lini.

Siie horMmcn
i<> witchtht i<li
pit.

fanil[Ult>

tlir wamc (i«h. They are cBllod in the Italian tonxuo Pence rolumbini, for in drcdc, the winj{»
liciiin Njiri'd it in lilic tt> a flyinj; doiip, tliry »;iy it will llir (arre, iind very hinh So it sremcth
that brin^ weary >1 her liiKhl, i«he tell into the boate, and not being aliic to ri<<e OKainc died
there.

The W.'?. 24. and 25. we nniled our direct courxe with a imall gale of winde, and thi* day
we had xijjht of the Mand of Cypiiix. The (in*t land tliat w • dit( ouered wan a headland railed
I'aiio de la (Jrie^a, and about n>iilni){ht we ankercd l)\ N irlh of the Cape. Thit rape it a
hijjh hil, lonj; and Ncpiare, and on the Kasi corner it hath a hinh «d|», thai appraietli \nro
thone al the oea, like a while c loud, for toward the sea it i' while, and it lieth into tlie mim
Southwest. This roast of Cyprus is hiuh deflininj{ toward the sea, but it hath no clillesi

The 'H't. we net saile aKaine, and toward noone we rame into the port nf Salini, where we
went on land and hid)(ed that iii^ht at a towne one mile I'roin thence called Arnarho di Sa-
lini, this is i)ut a \il|j):e (ailed in Italian, (.'.isalia. This it di<ii. lU IVoni l.ilVa 'i.'iO. Italian miles.

The '11. we rested, and the:^H. wc hired horse* to ride IVoni Arnacho to Saliiia, which is ,i
);nod mile. The s.ili |)i| is very neere two miles in coinpa.se, very |)l,iine a'ld li'uell, info
the wliith they let runne at the lime of raine a qiiantilie of w.iier comniiim from the moun-
taiiU's, which water is let in viilil the pit be full to a ceriaine marke, wIik h when it is full,
the rest i> coiiueyed by a trench into the sea This w.iter is let runne in about October, or
-oorier or 'ater, as the time of the veere doth alforde. There they let i' rcinaiiie Milill the
I'lide of r.ily or ll'.e middest of August, out of which pits at that time, in stead of water
that they let in they gather \erv faire white sail, without any further art or labour, for it is
only done by the great heaie of the suiine. Thi.s the Venetians haue, ami doe inaintaine to
the vse of S. iMarke, and the Venetian »hips that come to this Island are IhuiiuI t<i last out
their ballast, and to lade with wdt for Venice. Also there mav none in all the Hand buy salt
but of these men, who maintaii.e these pits for S. .Marke. This pla( e is watched liy iiijjht
with ti. horsemen to the end it be not tttolne bv niuht. Also vnder the Veneliain do-
minions no towne mav spcnde anv salt, but thev niusi buy it of Saint .Marke. neither mav
any man buy any salt at one lowne to carie to another, but ruery one must biu his salt in
the towne where he dwelli'lh. Neither mav anv man in Venice buy more salt then he
Npcndeth in the ciiv, for if he be knoweii to ( arie but <ine oiinre out of ihe ciiic and lie :i( ■
cuoed, hee looselh an eare. The inosi p.iri ol all the salt ihey haue in Venii e commeih fmni
these Salines, and they haue it so pleniil'ull, that thev are not able, neuer a \eere to gather
the one halfe, for they onelv gather in luly, .\ui;usi, and .Septemlicr, and not fnIK these
three moneiheN. Vet notwiili«t.iihlin){ tlie abundance that the shippcs carie away \<'er*l\,
there reinaine heapes like hilles, >,onie heapes able to hule nine or tenne fhippcs. .osl jhcrc
are heapes of two yecre«t fjatherio}; some of three and some of nine or tenne \ccn . ni.ikin!;,
lo the value of a >»reat summe ttf };iilde, and when the ships do lade, they neiicr I. ike it bv
mca-ure. but when ihcy come at \'«'Mice thev measure it. This salt as it l\ci>i m ihe pit is
like so muih ice, and it is si\e inches ihicke : ihev di;;f,'e ii with a.xes, ami < m^e their .l.inc»
to cary it to the heapen. This night at niidiiighl we rode to Famagusta, which is eight leagues
from Salina, which is 24 English miles.

The 2!) about two hciins before dav, we alighted at Famagusta, and .ifter we were re-
freshed we went to sec the towne. This is a verv l.iire strong holdc, .irid the strongest and
greatest in the Hand. The wallcs are faire and new, and sirongK runpired with f ore prin-
cipall bulwarkes, and betweene them turiions, rcspomliiig nnc i.i another, these w.illcs (|j,|
tlie Venetians make. Tliev haue also on the hiuen side "I r .i Ca>ilc. and liie hanen is
chained, the ( ilie hath onelv two gales, tosav, one fur the l.imic and another for tiie -e.i
thev haue in the towne continualK, be it pea( e or warres, SIJll smiKlitrs. and fnriie and si\e
gunners, besides Captaines, petie Captaiiies, (Jducriioiir ni iUi<'nerall. The laiule gate hath
alwayes fiftie souldiers, pikes an<l gunners with tlieir li.n-nev, watciiing thereat night a. id day
At the SI a gale line and twentie, v|)oii the walles cucrv nigiit doc watch lifieene men in
watch houses, fi r euery watch house due men, and in ihe m irket place 30 snuUliers ennli-
nually. There may no suuldicr seme there .iboue J \eres. neither will lliey without friend-

Hhip

» . V/

lohit Loekt.

TUAFl-K

«hip sniPer ihem lo depart afore .'».

rxn-pt (i^-ekes. Thev h.iue euery

Hhiiliiias sierlini; Iher horsemen h

their horses, but thev haue also ceri

nance of their liorses, but iruely I n

nomnier ihev leedeonly \pnn ehopt -

be liiire (at and seniicea'dp. The V

call C'a»tellnui. The towne hath allm

Thi- .'Wl. ii) the morning we ridde fi

This Cliappell isinolde rainagiisKi, ||

«)uerllirownc eo the ground, ti> this (Li

great cin nil, and there he to this day

not onelv ijirre, but .ilso in many ph

or trenih the\ linde sotnctin»e> oldeai

of Copper, yea and niaiu lombcs and

is (roin the other, fmire miles, and slai

we returned to new l-^on.nginta againe

and in the great Church we sawe the I

nnis, and was buried in the vere of CI

had to vsife one of ihe d uightcrs of

this day hath great reueniies in this

chalenge the kingdome oI Cyprus.

The fir-.i of Oridbrr in the morning
we went to (rue of the (Jrceke- Chiirc
one of the .seuen larres of water, the w
It is a pot of earth very (aire, white en
and h.ith on either side of it, instead ol
.ingei. wings, it w.is about an elle high
n'spondent in ciriuit to the boltome, I
gallons, and hath a tap-hole to drawe \
it be one of them or no, I know not.
say, by reason of certaine inarish grou
sii knesNC rai^ning in the same town
they haiic it in other townes, but nol
eves, the which if it l.ei- not (piicki
almost in that townr, they haue aboii
and it ( ommeih for the most part in
met diucrs times three and foure at i
is better cheape in Kaniagw«ta then i
kinde ol prouiMon within iheir libert..
The second of Octidicrwe returned
towne is a pretic Village, there are th
h.ith bene great ouerthrow of biiKling
digging vnder ground, either coines
see many, so that in elfect, all alongst
mine and ouerthrow of buildings ; f
before Saint Helens time for lacke ol
ouerthrowen by Richard the (irst of tha
sisters rauishment comming to lerusa
of Famagusta.

The sixt day wc rid to Nicosia, wh
and twentie Italian miles. This is th
it it) not strong neither of walles nor

hn t.oekc.

Tn,\ri'iaui:s. and Disrounniis.

s»i

N.ini KithtrtM
C'lij|'t<rl in old

Diurri cninti
tn«iei ^ruunJ-

llf of Vtllli*

Kunrd tj ktni

li^UIV.

i|> siiifiT ihrrn in drpnrf ifnrc .'». yoriH br rxpirrd, nnil there may ncriie of all natinno
c 1 ()i (i'-fokcs. '[\\v\ haul* iMiiTv |);iv, whiih ii 4f). <l,«yrs, ir> Nlo/cniuiw, which in IftMomiii*.
lliMu^ -ifrrlini; I hr r horsemen h:iiie only xixe xoldcs Veiieliaii a day, and prouendcr lor s.ij. o< v..
•ir liorspt, hut thev haiie aluo ceriainc laiule therewith to |iImw and howc lor the niainte-'""'
nic ol tlicir hoptcs, hut triicly I marii'-ll how they line heinj; -lo hartlly led, lor all the
nmcr ihev leedconlv \|Mn ehopf «lraVKC and harlev. lor hey they ha'ie none, and yet they
laire Iht awl srriiirfaMf. The Venetians send cnery two yeeroM new riilert, whieh they
I l.'a>i('llnhi. The townr hath allowed it nNo iwr) ^allie'* eonlinnally armed and riirnished. Ctitdlmi.
The .Ml ill the inr)riiin^ we riddc to a rhapijcll, where they -ay Siint Katheriii was borne,
is ('Ii4|)prll sinolde I"aina){iis(a, the wi^irh was destroyed by I^njjlshineii, and is ( leane
erihn wnc lo the uriiniid, |o this day <le>olate and not inhabited by any prnton, it was of a
at cireiiii, and there be to this day inountaines ol' I'aire, f^re.il, and MtroiiK buildings, and
t onelv there, but .ilso in many placeH of the Hand, Morcouer when they digife, plowe,
treiuh lhe\ linde somrtime^ oldeanlient coiner, •<oine of ^oKle, some <d' hiliier, and some
Copper, vra and nuiu toinbes and v.nites with sepuh hers in thcin. This oldc l'.una);u»ta
rom the other, foiire miles, and <(tandeth on a hill, but the new lownc on a plaine. Thpf.ce
returned to new Kitm.nnnsta ajjaine to dinner, and toward cneiiinn we went about ihetowne,
d ill the ureat Church we -awe the toinbc ol kill); latpirs, which was the last kinj; of Cy-
iis, and was bnrieil in the \ere olChri-t one thousand loure hundred seiienlie & three, and
il to wife one ol the d lu'^htcrs of Venice, of the house ol Cnrnari, the which family at
> day hath jtreat reueniies in this Island, and by meani* of thai mariage, the VciictiaiH
ilenj;e the kin;;dome ol' ('y|)riiH.

Tin- first of October in the mornini;, we went to see the reliel'e of the watches. That done,
went to one of the (ircekes Chiiri hes lo sec a pot or l.irrc of stone, which is say<l to bee
e of the seiien larres (d' water, the which the l.md (Jod at the mariaf'e connertcd into wine.
I pit <d" earth \'TV (aire, white enamelled, and lairelv wrounht vpon with drawen worke,
d li.iih on either side id' it, instead of handles, eares made in fourme as the painters make
^cU wiii<.;s, it was about an elle hi);h, and xinall at the bot>oiue, with a io!i>; net ke and cor-
<pondent in cinuit to the bottome, the belly very jjreat and roiin<l, il holdelh full tweliie
llonx, and hath a tap-hole to drawe winr out thereat, the larrc is very auncieut, but whether
lie one of thcin or no, I know not. The aire of ramaj;usta is verv vnwholesome, as they
y, by reason of rertaine marish <;round adinvninj; miIo it. They hauealNua ^ertainc yeerely
knesse raii;ninj» in the same fowne, abnue all the rest of the Island : yet nencrthelesse,
ey haiic it in other townex, l)>it not no much. It is a rertaine rrdnesse and paine of the
cs, the which if it bei- not tpiickiy holpcii, it takeih away their sij;ht, so that yeerely
nost in that towne, Ihey haue about Iwentie thai lose their night, either of one eye or both,
cl it ( ommeth for the most pari in this monelh of October, and the last moneth : for I haue
rt diucrs times three and foure at once in companies, both men and women. Their lining
better cheape in Faniniju-ifa then in anv other place of the I-land, because ihcre may no
ide of prouihion within their libertie bee s(dde out of the Cilie.

The second of <)<t(d)crvvc returned to Arnacho, where wee rested vntill the sixt dav. This
ivne is a prclic Village, there are thereby toward the Seaside diners monuments, that there
ih bene great ouerthrow id' bi.ildings, for to this d.iv there is no ycre when they linde not,
,'ging vnder ground, either coines, caiies, ami sepulchres of anliquili's, as «c walking, <lid
• many, so that in eH'ecl, all alongsi the Sea coast, throughout the whole Islaiul, then' is much
inc and ouerthrow of buildings ; for as thev -av, il was disinhal)ilcd si\e and thirlie vcres,
fore Saint Helens time for lacke of water. And since tiiat lime it hath bene ruinated and
erthrowen by Hichard the lirst (if that name, king (d" Kngland. which he did in reuenge of his
lers rauishment comming to lerusalem, the which inl'oncmcnt wa.s ilone to her by the king
Famagnsta.

The six! day wc rid to Nicosia, which is from Arnacho sencn rv|)rus miles, wliich are one n,>c,ii,
d tweiitie Italian miles. This is the anrienlcst citie of the Hand, anil is w.illcd about, but
in not strong neither of walles nor situation : It is by report three Cyprus iniU> al>oui. it is

Hut

No vitjilff
muit bf (tiW til*
cf thr uty uf
rjni.-giMtj.

C'TfM TLlillM

:..r ,iji.

Cyi'nii \b, vete.

diiiiilubitri

tnr I.K'ke uf

watfr.

C'v! r. rui;i,iiei

by Ki.h.itir I

m'\'

! I

'hi M

iij

<)•;•)

tt-Jl wj!i -rlh

in (he k itif.
A Uii-rt:ii 1
ft. J. Meilii.g.

>. Soph. J i^ .1
I' ilhi-dul
.1 .uiwI'NI-

VOYAGKS. NAUIGATIONS.

lohn lA)cl<e

not tl)rouc;liIy iiihabitptl, but li;ith nuiiy great •{;ir(lcns in it, and also \rrv inanv Date trciN
ami |)leiilie ol' I'dmenranate- anil (>tluT triiilcx. There dwell all the (Jcntilitie df the l-laiid

and there hath eiiery ("aiullier or ("oiite of the Nland an hahiiatio

lere is in this iiiie

one loiintaine rented bv saint Nfarke, >vhieh is bound eiiery eit,hl tla\es onec, to water all the
_£;ardeMs in the towue, and the keeper of this j'lnintainc hath lor eiicry tree a Hi/antin, which
is twelue soldes Venice, and six iience sterlinir. He that hath that to farme, with a f'aire and
profitable jjarden thereto belonijin;:, paieth euery vcerc to saint Marke, (iftcene hiindn'd
irownrs. The streetes of the eiiie are not paiicil. whieh maketh it with the ((uantilio of the
jjardens, in scenic but a nirall habitati.m. J5ut there be many faire buildings in the Citie,
there be alx) Monasteries both of Franks I'v: (ireckcs. The ("alhcdrall church is called Santa
Sophia, in the which there is an old tonibe of I.xs|)is stone, all of one piece, made in forme of
a cariairc cofVer, twchie sjianncs h'lijr, sixe spanncs broad, and seiicn spanncs high, which
thcv sa\ was found viuler ;;rouiid. It is as faire a stone as cuer I hauc scene.

The scuenth day wc rid to a (irccke Frierie halfc a mile without the towne. It is a vcrv
pleasaunt place, and the Frieis fc.istcd vs according to their abilitie. These Friers are such
;is liaue bene I'ricsts. and their wines dying they must become Friers of this place, and neiicr
after e.itc llc^lt, for if thev do, thcv are dcpriucd (rom saving n'assc: neither, after thcv banc
t.ilvcn \ pi n ilicni this order, niav thev marr\' againe, but thcv mav keepe a single W( man.
Tlu-e (.rccki-h I'ricis are very continent and chast, and surely I hauc .seldomc seen (which
I haiu' well noted I any of them fat.

The S. (lav we rcturne<l to .\rn:iclio, and re«ted there. The 0. after midnight inv compaiiv
rid to llic hill c.'ilicd .Monte dc la C'nx c i^but 1 not disposed would not go) \>liich liill is from
Arnadio l.j. Italian miles, Vpon the sa\d hill is a certainc cros»c, which i». thcv s;i\, a \w\\
Crosse. This Crosse in times past did b\ their r(])ort of th? Nland, h.uig in the a\re, but hv
a certainc carthcjuake, the crosse and the chappell it hung in, were oucrthrowen, so that ncucr
since it would hang againe in the aire. I?ut it is now coucrcd \>ith silucr. and hath.'f drops
of our lordcs blood on it (as thcv sav) and there is in the mid-t of the great crossc, .i little
crosse made of the crosse of Christ, but it is cli)-<cd in the sihier. mii nui--t ;il sou vmII ,
belceue it is so, frr see it vou cannot. This crosse hangeth nowe bv both endcs in the wall,
that \on mav vwing It vp and downe. in ti ken that it did once hang in the aire. This was told
nice 1)\ niv fellow nilgrinir'i, for I -a\se it not.

The Iff at night wc went aboord bv warning of the patro

d the il.

the

we set sailc, and croi)t along the -hore, but at night wc ankcrcd by reason of c ontrarv windcs
The Vi. we set sailc tow.ird Limisso, which is from Salines JO. miles, and there we went
on land that night.

The i.'l. and 1 1. wc rcniairu'd still on land, ami the !,'>. the patrone sent forvs; but b\ reason
that one fif our conipanv uas not well, wc \\cnt not presently, but we were forced afterward
to hire a boatc. anil to oiicrtake the ship tenne miles into the sea. .\\ this I.imisso all the
.'eneti.in ship* lade wine for their proiiision, and some lor to sell, and also \ini'gcr. Thcv

Lideal-

;rcat stmc

.f Car

rol)i

or ,

the counlrcx ihereabou

It ad

loining, and a

II If

le inonn-

tainc- are Inl

.f C

irroni trees, thcv

lnd(

al:

)t(on wooll there. In the -avd towne wc did

see a ( i rtainc foule of the 1 md i whereof there are many in this Island) named in the li.i-
lian tongue X'tiltiire. It is a fciule that is as big as a Swanne, and it liueth \pon carion. The
skinne is lull of soli doune, like to a fine furre, whiih they vse to oci upie uhen they hane
enill stoinacks. and it maketh good digestion. This bird (as they say) \\\\\ eate as much at

one nieale as sIkiM 'criie linn

fort

le (la\es alter, am

d wil'iiin the comjiassc of that time cartll
lor no more inc.ilc 'I'he ( mintrev people, when tliev haue anv dead beast, thev carv il into
the inountaincs, or where lliev suppose the .savcl Vultures to haunt, the\ seeing the carion
doc inihicdiatelv greedily sca/,e vpon it, and do'" -o ingraft their t.ilcnl*, that thev cannot

)ine and kill tlieni : somi'iimes ihev kill
thev haue. fliis foule is \ery gnat

-|)ec(tily rise aga\ lie

reason ^^hc^eo

)l the

the

pcop

em Willi ilogs, ,111(1 somtiines with such weap ns

and hard\ , much \\V

Fagic in the leathers of her wings and backe, but \nder her great

leathers she is onclv doune, her iic(kc also long and full of doune. She hath on the

sliips
iia, wl
Iwecii
hut .11
lion :
I'lcmJ
Thj

nanc(|

striki

of th(|
riirkJ

whicll
Thl

and tl

in Locke

•;!!<• tree-!,

«• l-Iaiul,

lliis citic

trr all the

in, wliiih

r.iiro and

hundred

itic of the

the Citic,

lied Santa

n lorme ol'

i{;li, whiih

I is a verv
rs are sn( h

and nciifr

ihey haiie

;lc \V( man.

■en (wlij(h

V nmipanv
liill is li'iiin
sav, a h(il\
\ re, l)ut I'v
) that neiuT
ith .'{ driijis
:)S>e, a lillle
t' villi will ,
in the wall,
his was icild

he moniiiii;;
rarv wintUs
ere we went

lilt 1)\ reason
•d afterward
inis>(> all the
eeer. Tlu-v
II the nioiin-
owne wc did
•d in the li.i-

earimi. I'lii-
n they haiie
• as nimli at
; time careili
car\ it into
\<l the caridii

lliev lannol
mes lliev kill
is \ery prut
Icr her pieat
on the neeke
buiic,

lohn Locke.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

sss

bone, bclweene the ncrke and the shoulders, a heape of fethcrs like a Tassell, her thighs vnto
her knees are couered with doune, her legs strong and great, and darcth with her talents as-
sault a man. They hane also in this Island a eertaiiic small bird, much like vnto a Wagtaile ^""^^"l,'^
in (ethers and making, these arc so extreme fat that you can percciue nothing els in all their
bodies; these birds arc now in season. They take great quantitic of them, and they vse to
pirklc them with vineger and salt, and to put them in pots and send them to Venice and other
places of Italy for presents of great estimation. They say they send almost 12fX) lanes or
pots to Venice, besides those which are consumed in the Island, which are a great number.
These are so plcntidill that when there is no shipping, you may buy them for 10. Carchies,
which coine are ■i. to a Venetian Soldo, which is peny farthing the dozen, and when there is
store of shipping, 2. pence the dozen, after that rate of their money. They of the limites
of Faniagiista do keep the statutes of f Frenchmen which sometimes did rule there. And the '"'" I'm-sut
pco])Ie of Nicosia obserue the order of the Genouescs, who sometimes also did rule them. All fL"\Tv.mM!.
tlii-i day wc lav in the sea with little wind.

The iti. we met a Venetian ship, and they willing to speake with vs, and we with lliem,
made towards each other, but by reason of the euil slirrage of the other ship, we had almost
bonrdcd each other to our great danger. Toward night we nnkered vndcr Cauo Bianco, but <-'jiio Dijuci.
beiansc the wiiide grew f.tirc, we set saile agaiiic presently.

The 11. 18. !'.>. aii.l 'JO. we were at sea with calme sommcr weather, and the '20. we had
some raine, and saw anotiier Cion in the element. I'his day also we -awe, and spake with a Anjti.tr Cun
Venetian ship called el Boiina, bound for Cipnis. .a >hr,. caiicj

The '.^1. we sailed with a rea-oiiable gale, and saw no land vntil the 4. of Noiicmber. This '
(lav we had raine, thunder, lightening, and much wind and stormie we.ithcr, but Gud be -^fi'"' """P'*'
jiraised we e-caped all dangers.

The 4. of N'ouember, we had lirst sight of the Ulaiul of Candia, and we fell with the Islands
called (iozi, by Snuth of Candia, This day departed (his present life, one of our company CaiKib.Ooii.
ii.im'.il .\Mlhonie Gclber of Prussia, who oncly tooke his surlet ofCvpriis wine. This night .Ant.int Ocii>-i
we determined to ride a trie, because the wind was contrary, and the weather troublesome. jijr.'i'tiii ii".

The ."». we had very rough stormie weather. This day was the sayd Anthonie Gelber sowed
in a Chauina filled with stones and throwen into the sea. By reason of the freshnes of the
wind we would haiie made toward the shore, but the wind put vs to the sea, where we endured
a great storme and a troublesome night.

The (>. 7. and 8. we were continually at the sea, & this day at iioone the winil came faire,
wlierebv we recouerrd the way which we had lo>t, and sailed out of sight of Candia.

I'lie !• we sailed all day with a jirosperous wind after 14. mile an houre: and the 10. in the
morninu', wee had sight of Cauo .Slatapan, and by iicoiie of Cauo Gallo, in .Morea, with which Ciuo Mjuri:..
land we m.ide by reason of contrary wind, likewise we had sight of Modon, vnder the which m^o,,.' '
place we ankered. This Modon is a strong towne, and built in the se.i, and ioineth on the
North side to the land. It hath a litle castle built into the sea, with a peere for lifle
ships and galleis to harbour in. It hath on the Smith side of the chanell, the Hand of Sajiien- .sipicmia.
lia, wiili oiher litle Islands all disinhabited The chanell lieth .Southwe-t and Northeast be-
twcene the Islands ami .Mona, wliicii is lirme laiul. This .Modon was built liy tlif Venetians,
hut as some say it was taken Iro them by force of tlie Turke, and others .-av by coni|)osi-
lion : in like c.ise ("oron, ami Nnpolis de Uomania, whi( h is also in Morea I'his ijight the f^'J"'i, ,^ r ,
I'leinmish pilgrimes being dninke would haiieslaine the j)airone because he ankered here. mmu.

The 1 1, day we set saile againe, and as we pas.sed by Modon, we saluted them with ordi-
nance, for they that passe bv this place, must salute with ordinance, (if the\ haue) or els bv
>lriking their top sailes, for if they doe not, the towne will shoot at them. This da\ toward 2.
<if the clocke wee passed by the Island of I'rodeno, whii !i is but litle, and desert, vnder the Pu-,ijin.
Tiirke. About 'i. hoiires before night, we had sight of the Islands of Zante and Cephalonia, Zin"'"!''
which are from Modon one hundreth miles. '

The I'i. day in the morning, with the wind at West, we doubled between Ca-tl>- I'urneste, '-'■'"''■''■"""I'
and the Island of Zante. '1 his castle is on the lirmc land Muler the Turke fhis iii^ht we a i-'" ""

kied

If'

lis

h. .v'f ■"

[mi

*■>

1 .1'

■! ■ |i

/ '0!

yo4

V'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

lohn Lorkf.

Vri'd .iforc the lowne of Zanic, wlicro \vc fliat ni>jht went on land, and rested there the 13.

This night t>ie ship tookc in vi-

eii thr ccajt 01

AIKn.1.1.

Curfu MjiiJ.

i'he dr'inptioil
'•("the lorcc iil"

I i.t Ii'anJof
C'urlu it very
fl<-i liliill.

A Ja

Valor

MelrJ

H. and 15. at night we were w.irncil aboord l>y the palrone.
failcs and other necessaries.

Tiic 16. in tlic morninu: we set saile with a i)rosperoiis wind, and the 17. we had sight of
Cauo i\q santa Nfaria in Albania on mir ri<;ht hand, and Corfn on the Iclt hand. This nijjht
we ankcred before the laslles of Cnrlii, and went on land and refreshed our seines.

The 18. by mcanesof a fiioml we were lirenced to enter the castle or fortresse of Corfu,
which is not onely of situation the strnPijcsf I hnnc seene, but also of edification. It hath
for the Inner wnrtle two stronj; castles situated on the top of two high cragges of a rocke, a bow
shoot distant the one from the other: the rorke is vnas.saultable, for the second warde it hath
strong walles with rani])icrs and trenches made as well as any arte can deuise. For the third
w.irde and viterntost, it hath very stronij walles with rampires of the rocke it selfe cut out by
force, and trenched about with the se.i. The bulwarkcs of the vttermost w.arde are not yet
finished, which are in number but two: there are continually in the castle scuen hundred soul-
dicnirs. .'\No it h.ith continually loure wardes, to wit, for the land entric one, for the sea en-
trie another, and Iwn other wardes. Artillerie and other munition of defence alwa\es readie
plnnfed it hath sutlic ient, besides the store remaining in their sti^rehouse^ The Venetians hold
ihs for the key of all their dominions, and for strength it may be no les.se. This Island is
\erv fruitfull and picntifull of wine and corne very good, and oliues great store. This Iilaud
ix |)artcd from .■Vll)ania with a chanell. in some j)lares eight and ten, and ■•• other but three
miles. .Mbania is vnder the Turke, but in it are many Christians. All the horsemen of K^'or-
fu arc Albaneses; the Island is not abone H(>. or *M). miles in conipas.se.
Tl • M>. 5if>. and '21. we rem:iiii«l in thelowne of Corfu.

The • '. day wee went aboord and set saile, the wind being very calme wee toed the shiji
all " I , v.nd toward Snnne set, the castle sent a Fragatta vnio vs to ginc vs warning of
thrv.t • "s •oniming after vs, lor whose comming wee prej)ared and watched all night, but
fhcy I. . . not.

The 'i.'?. day in the morning being calme, wee toed o.if of the Sircighf, vntill wee came to

the iilde fowne, whereof there is nothinu; standing but the walles. There is also a new Church

r* of the Oreekes cnllcd Santa .Marii di Cassopo, and the townes name is cal!e<l Ca^Siipo. It is

a good porte. .\bout nooiip wee pasM'd the Streight, and drew tow.ird tlie ende of the Hand,

gfMustu- hauing almost no wind. This night after supper, bv rea-son of a <'ertaine Hollander that was

'"'"''"''■ drunke, there arose in the ship such a troublesome disiurliance, that all the ship was in an vp-

rore with weapons, and had it not liene rather by Gods heipe, and the wisedome and patience

of the |)atr(>ne, more then by our ])rocuremenf, there had bene that night a great slaughter.

Hut as (ii^I would, there was no hurt, but onely the beginner was put vnder hatches, and with

the fall hurl his face vcrv sore. .Ml this night the wind blew at Southeast, and sent vs for-

wanl.

The ii-I. in the mornitig wee found ourselues before an Island called Saseno, which is in the
'• entrie to Valona, and the wind pros|vrous'.

The2». day we were before the liils of .\ntiueri, and about snnne set wee |)assed Ragusa,
:uul three hciures within night we ankered within Meleda, hauing Sclauonia or Dalmatia on the
right hand of \<, and the winde Southwest.

The <Jf) in the morning we set s.ivle, and pas,sed the channell between .Sclauonia and Mele-
d.i, which may be eight mih- ouer at the must. This Hand is vntler the Kaguscs. At after
lujone with a haitl gale at west and by nor'h we entered the channell betweene the Hand Ciir-
/ola and the hilles of Dalmatia, in the which channell be many rocke*, and the channell not
past '.i miles oner, aiul we ankered before the townc of Curzola. This is a pretie lowne walled
ab' ut and built vpon the sea si<le, hauing on the toppe of a round hill a laire Church. This
Hand is vnder the Venetians, there grow very good \ ines, also that part towani Dalmatia is well
peopled au<l husbanded, especially for wines. In the said Hand we met with the Venetian
armie, tn \\it, tcnnie >;allics, and three foystes. All that night we remained there.

'J*he 27 we set .^ayic and passctl along the Hand, and towards aftcrnoone we passed in be-
fore

Curiulj i fruit
full lljnd.

othc

ed,

all

well

poll

hau

heai

fiirc

iici-

mid

garn

said

man

Al
tlieni
innrc

I'.lshi

\\ '

'I 1 li

\\\ ■

Antli. leiikinsmi.

TF<AFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

225

liih is in the

fore the Hand of Aiin;usfa, and abont siinne sot before the towne of Lesina, whereas I am in- 'i"j!'„*,"iJ"e'',°f
formed by the Ilalian-i, they take all the Sardinas that they spend in Italy. This day we had ittn««eof
a prosperous wi.idc at Southeast. The Hand of Lesina is vnder the Venetians, a very fruit- S'""'""'
full Hand adioynin;; to the niaine of Dalmatia, we left it on our right hand, and passed along.

The 'iS in the morniuR we wer>. in the Gulfe of Quernero, and about two hourcs ^'fc"" Sl«n"'ro "'
iioone we were before the rape of I*tria, and at sunne set we were at anker afore Rouignio Roui'gnYo!
uliich i-i also in Istria and vndcr the VeiiCtians, where all ships Venetian and others are bound
by order from Venice to t:ikc in their pilots to goe for Venice. All the sommcr the Pi-
lots lie at Ii( uiiiiiio, and in winter at I'arenzo, which is from Rouignio 18 miles by West.

I'lic 'il) wo set sayle and went as I'arre as I'arenzo, and ankercd there that day, and went no Pittmo.
further.

'I'lu' .'iO in the morning we rowed lo Sant Nicolo a litlc Hand hard by vninhabited, but s.Nicdoa.
only it liaih a Monasterv, & is lull of Oliue trec«, after masse wee returned and went aboord.
This d;n the patron hired a Barke to irni)arke the pilgrims for Venice, but they dcparicxl not.
In the ai'tcrnoone we went to see the towvc of I'arenzo, it is a prctie handsome towne, vnder
the Venetians. Al't;'r supper wee imbarked our sclues :igainc, and that night . ee sayled to-
wardes Veriee.

'i'he lirst of December we past a towne of the Venetians, standing on the cntery to the Pa- Ciorie itindinj
ludc or niar^ihes of Venice: which towne is called Caorle, and by contrary windes we were JhtmjJ"h[Jof
driuen thither to lake port. This is (iO miles from Parenzo, and forty from Venice, there we Venice.
rcMiiyned th.it night.

Till' second two hoiires before day, wiih the wii.de at Southeast, we sayled towards Venice,
where we arriued [iioi\ he praysed) at two of the clockc after dinner, and landed about loure, Ou'."''""!! «•
wc were kept so hmii from landing, because we durst not land vntill we had presented to the
Prouidnr de la Sanit.i, our leller olhe.dlh.

The manner of the eniring cl .Soliman the great Turke, with his armie into Aleppo
in Syria, marching towards Persia against the Cireat Sophie, the fourth day of
Noueinber, lly^'i, noted by Master Anthony lenkinson, ^jresent at ihat time.

Tllere marched before 'he Cirand Signior, otherwise called the great Turke, 6000 Esperes,
otherwise called liglif horsen:en verv braue, clothed all in scarlet.

After, marched l(KMK) men, (ailed Nortans, which be tributaries to the Great Turke, cloth-
ed all in yellow veluet, and hats of the same, of the Tartary fashion, two foote long, with a
great role of the same colour about their foreheads, richly decked, with their bowes in their
hands, of the Turkish fashion.

Alter them marched foure Captaines, men of armes, called in Turkish Saniaques, clothed
all foure in crimson veluet, eucry one hauing vndcr his banner twelue thousand men of armes
well armed with their morrions vpon their heads, marching in gotxl order, with a short wea-
pon by their sides, called in their language, Simitcrro.

.M'ur came 16000 lanizaries, called the slaues of the Grand Signior, all a foote, euery one
hauing his har<piebush, who be his gard, all clothed in violet silke, and apparelled vpon their
heads with a strange forme, called Cuoculliicia, fashioned in this sort : the entering in of the
forehead is likca skull made of white veluet, <.V hath a trainc hanging downe behind, in man-
ner of a French hnode, of the same colour, and \pon the forepart of the said skull, iust in the
midiles of his forehead tiiert is standing boll vpright like a trunke of a foote long of silucr,
garnished mo^t richly with Goldsmiths worke, and precious stones, and in the top of the
said trunke a great bush of felhers, which waueth vp and downe most brauely when he
manhelli.

After this, »' -.r :■ n 1000. pages of honour, all clothed in cloth of gold, the halfe of
them caryin;.' !0' shes, and the other halfe Turkish bowes, with their trusses of arrowes,
marching in good > r.

Tiien came three men of armes well armed, and vpon their harnessc coates of the Turkes
fashion, of Libard skinnes, and murrions vpon their I'.-ads, their spcares charged, and at the

vol, II. G g end

l^ 1

1^»

'*! .1

lut.

M I

■i

h^ik

• 'I ll

^ ('

286

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

^4nth. lenkinson.

end of their staflTe hard by J head of the H|)earc, a horse laile died in a bloody colour, which is
their enstigne: they be the chalengcrs for the Tiirkes owne person.

After them came seuen pages of honour in cloth of sihier, vpon sciien white horses, which
horses were coucred with cloth of siluer, all embrodcrcd and garnished with precious stones,
emerauds, diamonds, and rubies most richly.

After them also came sixe more panes of honour, clothed in cloth of gold, euery one ha-
uing his bowe in his hand, and his fawthino of the Tiirkes fasliion by his side.

Immediately after them came the great Turkc himselie with groat pompe & magnifircnee.
vsing in his countenance and gesture a wonderfull nwiestie, hauing onely on each side <>f
his person one page clothed wirh cloth of gold : he himselfc wa-) mounted vpon a goodly
white horse, adorned with a mbc of rlotli of gold, embrodcrcd most richly with the mn-.!
precious stones, and vpon his head a goodly white tucke, containing in length by estimation
fiflecne yards, which was of silkr and linncn woucn together, resembling something C"alli( iit
cloth, but is much more line and rich, and in the top of his crowne, a litlc pinnach of white
Ostrich feathers, and his horse most richly apparelled in all points corres|)ondcnt to ihi'
same.

After him folowcd sixe goodly yong ladies, mounted vpon fine white hackneis, clothed in
cloth of siluer, whith were of the fashion of mens garments, <-nil)r()dercd very richly with
pearic and precious stones, and had vpon their heads caps of (ioldstniths worke, hauing
great llackets of haire, hanging out on each side, died as red as blood, and the nailes of their
fingers died of the same colour, cucry of them hauing two eunuchcs on each side, and liilc
bowes in their hands, alter an Antike fashion.

After iTiarched { great Hasha chiefc conductor of the whole army, ( lothed with a robe of
Dollvmanl crimson, and vpon the same another short garment very rich, and about him fifiic
lanir.arics afocitc, of his ownc gard, all clothed in crimson veluef, being armed as the grr.it
Turks ownc l.nii/.irics.

Then after ensued three other Basha^, with slaucs about them, being afoote, to the num-
ber of three ihous.ind men

After came a r<)mi)aiiic of horsemen very br.uie, and in all points well armed, to the nimi
ber of foure thousand.

.Ml this aforesasd arnn , most ponipous to hchold, wiiich was in number foure score and
eight thousand men, cn< :impcd about the cilie ^A' .Meppo, and the (irand .Signior himselie
was lodged within the towiie, in a goo(ll\ casth . situited vpon a high mountnine: at the foote
whereof rimneth a goodlv riner, which is a branch of that famous riuer Kuphntes.

Ti e rest of his arrnie p.nsscd oner the mouiitaines of .\rinenia called now the moimlainf-
of Camarie, which are foure dave* iournev from Ale|)i)o, appointed there to tarv thecom-
ming of the Grand Signior, with the rest of his arinie, intending to march into F'ersia, t.
giue battel to the great .Sophie S.) liie whole armie of the (irand Signior, containing n-
well those that went In- tlie mounlaines, as also tliose that ( ame to .Meppo in compaiiv wii!i
him, with horsemen iS.: footc ncn, and the conductors of the camels and vii'tiials, were thr
number of .SCKXK)!). men.

The camels which caried munition and vitailes for the said army, were in number 'itXKM.'O

A note of the presents that were ;jiuen at the same 'iine in .Aleppo, to the grand
Signior, and the names of the j)resenters.

First the Bash.i of Aleppo, which is as a Nicenn, presented IIX) garments of doth o!
gold, and y."). hor-es.

'file U.isha of Damasco, presented KM). i;arincn(s of <lotli of gold, and twcntie horses,
vsilh (liners sorts of comlits, in ;;rc;il f|!iatitilie.

The l!a-ha of Aman jiresented 1(X). garments of ciotli of gold, 20. horses, and a cup of
gold, with two thousand (hukets.

The Sanlaque of Tripolis |)rescntc(l six camels, < harged all with silkes, '..(). horses, aiul
a little clntke of gold, garnished wilii ])rccious stones, esicenud worth two huudre<l duckets.

TIk

nkinson.
which h

s», which
IS stones,

y one ha-

iiifirencp.

h side "f

a {goodly

the most

estimation

ig Callitiii

h of white

L-nt to the

clothed in
rithly wiili
ke, haniiiu
ik'sof llieir
r, ami liiK'

h a robe of
Lit him fiflie
as the j;rcnt

to the niitn-

lo the nnrn

ire score ai.d
ior hiinselfc
at the footr
es.

; itionntaini'-
arv the coni-
1(1 Persia, t.-
(intainitip n-
ompaiiy wii!i
aU, were tlr

nher'i(KXX.<t
lie grand

ts of cloth (il

iventic horse-,

and a cup of

0. hor-es, niid

iiilrcd diickci-.

Till

Anth. letikinsnn.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The Consul of the company of the Venetians in Tripolis, came to kisse the grand Signiors
hand, and presented him a great basin of gold, and therein 4UJ0. duckets Venetians,

The safccondiict or priiiiledgc giiien by Sultan Solyman the great Turke, to mas-
ter Antliony Icnkinson at Aleppo in Syria, in the yeere 155.'*.

SVItan Solyman, &c. to all \iceroyes, Saniaques, Cadies, and other our histiccre, Offi-
cers, and siibiects of Tripolis in Syria, Constantinople, Alexandria in Mgyytt, and of all
other towncs and cities vnder our dnminion and iiirisdiction ; We will and command you,
that when vou shall sec Anthony lenkinson, bearer of these presont letters, merchant of
London in England, or his factor, or any otijer bearing the sayd letter for hiin, arriue in our
ports and haiiens, witli his >hip or ships, or other vessels whafsoeucr, that you sullicr him to
laile or viilade his merchandise whereMoener it shall seeme good vnto him, Irafliking for him-
••cHe in all <nir coiinlreys and doniiiiioiis, without hindering or any way disturbing of him,
his >hip, his petiple or merchandise, and without enforcing him to pay any other custoine
or toll wliatsoeuer, in anv sort, or to anv persons Whalsoeiier thev be, sane onely our ordi-
naric duties contained in our cnstome houses, which when he hath paied, we will that he be
fraiike and free, as well for liini'-elfe as f(ir his j)eo|)le. merchaiidise, ship or sliip«, and all
other \essels whalsoeiier: and in so doing that he may traffike, bargaine, sell and huv, lade
and vnlade, in all our foresayd Counfreys, lands and dominions, in like sort, and with the
like iiucrties and priuiled;;cs, a-i the Frenchmen and Venetiaiis vse, and cniov, and more if
it bee possible, without the hindcrance or impeachment of any man. And furthermore, wee
charge and comniaund all Viceroyes, and Consuls of the French nation, and of the X'enc-
tians, and all other Consuls resident in our Countreys, in what port or j)rouince soeuer they
be, not to constraine, or cause to constraine by them, or the savd Ministers and Officers
whatsoeuer thr\ be, the sayd Anthony lenkinson, or his factor, or his seruauntti, or depu-
ties, or his nicrciiaiulisc, to pav anv kind of consnllage, or other right whal.soeuer, or to in-
termeddle or hinder his alliiircs, and not to molest nor trouble him any inaner of way, be-
cause our will niid pica-nrc is, that he >hali not pav in all ( ur Countrevs, anv other then our
ordinanc custome. .\nd in ca-e any man hinder and inijieach him, aboue, and besides these
(iiir present letters, wee t hargc \ou most exprcsly to defend and a.ssist him agaynst the sayd
Consuls, and if the\ will not oliev <nir present ( ommandement, that yon aducrtise vs there-
of, that we may take such order lor the same, that others inav take example thereby. More-
ouer, we comniaund all our C.iptaincs of onr Ciallics, and their Lieutenants, be they Foistcs
or other Vessels, that when tluv shall tinde the sayd lenkinson, or his factor, his ship or
shi|)s, with his seruaimis and merchandise, that they hurt him not neither in body nor goods,
but that rather they assi>t and defend hini agaynst all such as seeke to doe him Wrong, and
that they aydc and heipe him with vitailes, according to his want, and tliat whosoeuer shall
see these presents, oliey the same, as they vsill auoyd the penaltie in doing the contrary.
Made in .\lep|)o of Syria, the yeere 9t)l. of our holy prophet Mahomet, and in the yeeie
of lesus, lli.t.i. signed with the scepter and signet of the grand Signior, with his owne pro-
per hand.

A discourse of the trade to Chio, in the yeere l.")t)'J. made bv CJaspar Campion, vnto
master Michael Locke, and vnto master Willi.nn Winter, as by his letters vnto
them both shall appeare. Written the 14. of February.

WOrshipfi.il Sir, &c. As these dayes past I spake vnto you about the procurement of a
safeconduci from the great Turke, for a trade to Chio : The way and maner how it may be
obtained with great ease shall plainly appeare vnto you in the lines following. Sir, you shall
vnderstand that the Island of Chio in time past hath bene a Signiorie or lordship of it selfe,
and did belong vnto the (ienowaies. There were 24. of the that gouerned the island which
were called Mauneses. Hut in continuaunce of time the Turke waxed so strong and mightie,
that they, considering they were not able to kvv\iv it, vnlesse they should become his tribu-
taries, because the Island had no corne, nor any kind of vitailes to sustaine thetnselues, but

(j jj 'i onely

93?

1569.

•"' W I

> "V

[\ 1

M^i

\ I is

j:;i').! Jii^

1 v..

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J '

828

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Caspar CampUm.

The Prince Pf
dro Dutii is

onely that which must of necessitie come out of the Turkes dominioriH, and the snyd island
being inclosed with the Turks romid about, and but 12. miles from the Turks Continent,
therefore the said Genowaies did compound and aj;rco to be the Turkes tributaries, and to
pay him 14000. thousand ducates yccrcly. Al waves prouidcd, that they should keep their
lawes both spiritnall and temporall, as they did when tlic Hand was in their ownc hands.
Thus he granted them their priuilcdjie, which they inioyed for many yecres, so that all
strangers, and also many English men did trade thither of long continuance, and went and
came in safety. In this mcanc time, the prince Pedro Doria (l)eing a Gcnouois) became n
ii'i°"o°f"4»'6ai''''^'''P''''"*' •" seme the Emjicrour with ',iO or H) gallics against the lurke. And since that time
liHvndeiiht diucrs other captaines belonging to Genoa hano bene in the scriii<'c of king Philip against
"''"""■ the Turke. Moreoucr, whensocner the Tiir'.'- ndc out anv army, he i)erceincd that no na-
tion did him more hurt then those Gcnouois i.> were his tributaries. Likewise at the Turkes
siege of Malta, before which j)lacc he lay a great while, with hisse of his men, and also oi
luiinttte Dori.!. his galljcs, hc fouud uoiic SO troiiblesomc vnto his force, as one luanette Doria a (Jcnoiiois,
and (liners others of the Hand of Chio, who were his tribntaric-j. At which sight, lie tooki'
such displeasure against tiiem of Chio, that hc sent ccrtaine of iiis gallics to the Hand, for
Tiif Mii.i.esis to seise vpun all the goods of the 'i4 .Mauneses, and to turne them with their wines and chil-
fi"I,j",',"|.,'|'J drcn out of the Hand, bnt they would let none other (le|)art, l)ecanse the Hand shonld not
be vnpe"pled. So that nciw the Tiirkc h.ith sent one of his chiefe men I" rule there : where-
by now it will be more c.isie for vs tn oljtainc our s;ifecoiiiln( t then ciier ii was befure. For if
the townesmen of Chio did know that we wouM trade tliiiher (as we did in limes past) tlu'\
thcniselucs, and also the customer (fur the Turke in all his doniiniims d^ih rent his c\istomes)
would be tlie chielest procurer of this our safecoiuluct for his owne gaine : wliii h is no small
matter: fur we can pav no Icssc tli;m ten in the lunnlrcd thorowout the Turks x\li(i|c diiiiii
nion. Iiisonuuh, that if v)ne of oi'rsliippcs slumld go lliithcr, it would be for the cuslonu-is
I) imiidr.ih. ppdlit 4000 (lucats at least, whereas if ue should not trade thitlicr, he slunild lose so nuich.
Also the bi.rgesses, and the common people would be very glad of onr trade there, for the
Fngiish mm do Commuoallv (lo get more bv cur conntre\ men ilien they do any oiher nation N>liatsoeiicr ■
madtlfs'oi ui'io ''"' ^^'^ ''" ^^'^ '" ''">' '"'""'y of llicir silkc (|iiiils, and of their Scamato and Diinile, that tlip
tlitr any oihrr j)nnrc pcopIc iii.ikc in that tow ne, more I'lcii ;niy other nation, so that we would not so gl.idK
""""■ trade, hut the people of llie connlrcv wot;l(l be twise so willing. Wlierefore tliev tliemsehi('>

would be a mcancs \nto their goucnioiir, hv their petition to bring this tr.ide to pas-e : glu-
ing him to vnder.-tand that of all nalions in the world we do him le;wt hurt, .ind that we
iii;iv do his (-onn(ri'\ gre:il good in coivsnniiug those conintinlilies which his ci'iMUrev people
make. Fnrtheriiiore. it \4ere farrc more ret|uisite that we -houlcl carv onr owne comnuHlilif-.
then to suHiLTa stranger to (arv them thither, for that ^\e can affoord them belter cluape then
a str,\ngcr i.in. I write not this by he.iresav ol other men, hut of mine own experience, fr
I haue tr.idecl in the coiuilrev abonc this ;{() yeres, and bane bene n\arii <l in the tiwiu- ol
Chio full 'H \cres. so that vou ni;iy a-snre yonrselfc that 1 will write nothing I nt truth. Now
I will declare vnio von the wares and commodities thai are in the ii n:itre. ts nccreahiiit
Chio. There arc \cr\ ;;oni| M:illes, tiic !)est sort whereof arc sold in Kiii;laii(l Iri' shilllii;;s ilecrcr
then anv oihcr countrcv gallcs. I here is also r Hon uooll, tanned hides, hides in ihc li.iiri',
wa\e. (hamlets, niccnar.s. gi-igeranis, silke of diners connlrcv cs, (unlin, in skinncs i:inncd
white, to be iradc bhicke, of them great (juiuitiiv, and :ilso conr-e \\ni II to make beds The
n iliirall (Dmmodiiies growing in llie Hand it sclfe ar. -ilke r.iwe, and masli( ke. Of ll.csc
conmuidities there arc laden \ccrclv ten or twclne great ships of Genoa, besides line or si\i
that do belong to the towne of Ciiio, whidi «hips are fra igiited for (ienoa, .Messina, and
Ancona. .\nd now that the Manncscs rnul tiie chn fc mcrdiiints of (ienoa : re hanis' ed, the
tn ie is cleane lost. In reason whereof merchandise musl now of neccssiiv he belter clieape
then thcv hane bene in li nes past. Hnt vet when all those ships did trade t i tiie coiiiilr

by the Tuiltc,

The custome
th.trowout .,11
Turkir IS ten in

eiic

Great 'rore ''f
lunlnr iiiriiir.c-
(Iitirs to be l^a,l
•II LilK»,

also onr ships, we neiicr

less-' tlicii

I'lree kiotaU of nallcs for ;i car-ic,

•I in Kcula

.Id them lor Xt .mil .'«> sliillings the hundicd. .\iul where,

hilli

s now thcv are hronghi hv

llie \'enetians, thev sell tiicni miId vs for tiiree pinind leiiiit' shillings, and Irur.' ])oiin,| the

onr sii
in iditil

to fcl(f

so fit tl

nenieiJ

Ganpar Campion.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

220

hundred. Also we liad three kintals of coften wooll for a carsic, and solde the wooll in Eng-
land for M shillings cr ',i ponnd at the most, whereas now the Italians sell the same to vs for
4 pound 10 shillings and b pound the hiuidred. In like mancr chamlets, whereaa wc had
three pieces, and «f llie best sort two and a halfe for a carsie, and could not sell them aboue
20 shillings and 23 shillin>rs the piece, they sell them f(ir30 and 3b shillings the piece. Also
groger.uns, where wc had of the best, two pieces and a halfe for a carsie, they sell them
for loure sliiliings and foure shillings ;ind sixe pence the yard. Carpets the smaller sort
which scruc for cuplioords, wc had three for a carsie; whereas wc at the most could not sell
theni but for 2<J shillings the piece, they sell them for 3b shillings the piece. And so all other
commodities that the \'cnetians do bring, they sell them to vs for the third part more gaines
then we our sclucs in those dayes that wc traded in those parts. Likewise the barrels of oile
that thev bring from Cimdii, we neuer could sell them aboiic foure nobles the barrel!, where
thev sell them alwayes for .")() shillings & 3 pound the barrell. What great pity is this, that
wc should lose so good a trade, and may haue it in ourowne hands, and be better welcome
to that countrcy then the Venetians, Moreouer, the Venetians come very little to Chio, for
their most trade is into Alexandria. And for to assure you that we 'ad these commodities in
barter of ourcarsies, looke into your fathers books, and the books of Sir lohn Cireshant, and
his hrclhren, and voii shall linde what I haue sayd to be true.

Also you know, that wc .Trc forced to sccke oiles out of .Sp.iine, and that for these many
yecres thev haue bene solde for 2.") pound and 30 pound the tunite ; whereas, if we can ob-
t.iine the loresnyd salccondnct from the Tiirke, there are diners places in his doiniiiions,
where we m;iy lade .'i(M) tiinncs, at .') p,)und sterling the tiinne. 'fhe j)laccs ;ire Mocloii, ; iid
Corcn, which are but twilnc miles distant the one (Voni the other, and do >tand in i iir \av
to Clio, ,ns yi'U mav |)l.iiiily <ee by the Card. Also these are places wiierc we may vtier our
owne cominoditics, and not onciv these two places, but manv others, where wc mav luiue
oiles, and be belter vsed llien we are in Spaine, where we pay very deare, and also are verv
enill intreatcd many wayes, as to you is not vnknowen. So that bv these meanes (if the
niarcliants will) we n)ay be eased, and haue such a trade as the like is not in Chrl-fendome.
Now, as forgetting the safeconduct, if 1 were but able to spend one hundred [xuiiids bv the
vecre, I would be l)oi'.nd to lose if, if that 1 did not obtaine the foresayd sarecoiiduct. For
I know lii.it if the inhabitanis of Cliiodid but thinke that wee would trade thither againe,
iliev .It their owne cost would procure to vs a safeconduct, without any pcnv of charges to
the inarehants. So that if llie inarchaiits will Init beare mv charges to solicit the cause, 1 will
vndiTiakc it m\ selfe. Wherefore 1 pray you speake to NI. Winter and tlie other niarcliants,
ih.il this matter may take eirei t. .Viid let nie li.iiie your answcrc herein assoone as coiiiicni-
t iitly you mav, for lli.it the time of the yeere draweih nigh that this biisinesse must be dcwie.
1 hus I commit you to CJod, .i:id rest alwayes yours to command.

Yours as your sertiant (Jaspar Campion.

To the worshipfull M. William Winter.

IT may plea«»' your worshii) to \nder-.t.:iiil, lliat as concerning the \ovage to Chio, what
;.'rcat profit would be gotten, lioth for marcliatils, and also for owners nl s!ii[)pes (as it was
well kiioweii in those dayes when tlie Matthew (ioiison, the Trinitie I'it/williams, and the
S.iiiioiir of liri>.tow, with iliiiers other ships which trailed thither verely, and made their voy-
a;;e in ten or twelue nioiieths, and the longest in a yeere) M. Francis Lambert, M. lolm
Hiooke, and M. Draiur can triicly informe vi ii heereof at large. \tu\ In reason that wee
h lue not traded into those p.irts these m iin \eeres, and the Turke is i;roweii inightv, wlieicbv
our ships il<ie not trade .is tliev were wooiit, 1 liiide tli.it the N'eiietiaiis doe bring tlune c om-
m idities hither, and tloe sell them lor doiible tlie value tlial wc our seines were accustomed
to fetch them. Wherefore, as I .mi informed bv the aboue named men, that there is none
so lit to furnish this vovage as yciir selfe: ni\ request is that there may be a shippe of con-
uenient burthen prepared for this voyage, and then I will salislie you at large what is to be

done

Diiirrs plicei
vvluTf wc mjjf
h.iuc swi-eteullcf
for our ctotliing
f.i.re chejjer
then uut of
Sp.iine.

ii i 'V-

If!

''■'Ml!

Ill

»♦

; 1

•I',

lij

•i..

Hi'

'J30

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The lostc of t-'uma^i.

fcj j'f ( t'amjiion
matiftl in Chio
14 yctres.

'toif of ho^pi
\idfn at CiinUi
d« li mire for

(lono therein. And bcrau-c the Tuikc, a^ I sayd before, is waxen Kironj;, and lialh put out
the Christian rulers, and placed his owjic suhieci-i, we may douijt whether we may so peace-
ably trade thilh<'r as we were woonl : therefore I dare vndertake to ()l)taine a sarerondiici, il
my charj!;es may be borne to poe and come. Of the way how this may be done, M. Locke
can satislie you at larfj[e. Moreoiier, 1 can informe you more of the trade of that countrcy.
then any other, for that I haue bene in those parts these thirty yecres, and hane bene married
in the very towne of Chio full foiirc and twenty yeres. Furthermore, when one of our shijm
commeth thither, they brin^ at the least sixe or eight thousand car:.ies, so ih.it the custome
thereof is profitable for the prince, and the returne of them is prolitalile to the common
people : fur in barter of our wares, we tonke the commodities which t'le poore of that tuwiie
made in their houses: so that one of our shippes brought the prince and couulroy inure
gaiiies then sixe siiips of other natioiis. The want of this our trade thilhir was the oneh
cau>e whv the (-'hristii.i rulers were disi)laced: fur when they I'avd not their yerely fribulc,
they were put out by force. Touchiii;; the ship that must go, she must obserue this order,
she must be a ship of countenance, and s!ie must not touch in any part of Spaine, fur the
times are dangerous, nor take in any latlini; there: but she nnist lade in England, either
goods of our owne, or els of stranger-^, and go to Genoa or Lcgoriio, where we rnav l,e
wel intrcaii'd, and from thence slie nuisi make her money to buy wines, by exchange to ("an-
dia, for there lioih iii-.tome & exchange are reasonable: and not do as the Math. Gonion iS.
other ships did in lime past, who m;id.' sale of their wares at .Messina for V:i' l.iding ol then
wines, and p.ivcd for turning ilieir wliiie money into g(ilde after l\ ure and fine in the hun-
dreth, and aUo did ha/',ard th.c liK»e of sliippe and goods by carying away their money. Thiit
by the alore-ayd cimrsc wc -i'lidl ir.ide <)uiellv, and not be subieci to these tiangers. ,\|.,(i
from I.egorno to Casiilla de la mar, which is Init l<» miles from Naples, and the readv way
to Candia, \ou may lade h(io)K'-, uliiih will cost carolins of Naples 'i7 and a halfe the ihmi-
sand, which is ducals two and a halle of Sjiaine. And in Candia for euery thousand id hoops
you shall haue a but of Malnu'sry cicnre of all charges. Imsomuk h that a ship of the l)urdcn
of the Mathcw (Jonson will car\ foure hiindrcih thousand hoop^, so iliat one thousand ducats
will lade her, and this is an ysual ir.ide to Candia, as .M. .Michael I.rcke can tcstilie. Fur-
thermore, it is not vnknowen to vow, that the oiles which we do spend in England for our
cloth, are brought out of S|)aiMe, and that very jicare, and iji En;;l,iMd we lannot sell lluni
vnder 'iS pound and .'10 pound the tunne : I say we may haue goo<l oile, and i)eiter cheape in
diuers places within the streights Wherefore if you thinke gi nd to t.ike this \ii\age in liaml,
I will informe you more particidarly when you ple.rse. In the meanc time I rest your wor-
ships to connnand.

Yours at your plea-nrc lasper Campion.

The true report of the siege and taking of Fama<;usta, of the antitpie writers called
'J'amassu*. a < ity in Cyprus l.")7l In the whi(h the whole order nl all ihe skir-
mishes, batteries, mines, and asfianlts giuen to the sayd fortrcsse. max i)l:iinl\
ap])eare. Engliihed out of Italian by William .Maliin,

fo the right honourable and hissinguLir good Lord, and nnelv I'atnn the F.arle oT
Leicester, Baron of Denl)igh, Knight of the honourable oiibr of the (;:irter, one
of the Qneenes Maicsties most honourable priuy Councell \-c. William Malini
wisheth long health with increase of honour.

IT hath bene a natural! instinct (right honour.djle and mine espeii.ill good lord) ingralTed
in noble personages hearts, much approucd and conlirnied also by lu-lone, for ilicm loseckc
from time to time, by some meanes in their life, by the whii h thev afti-r their deatii might
deliuer ouer their name to tlieir posieririe: least otherwise with their bodv, their fame also
altn;;cthe.r might percliance be buried. Vpon the which consideration wereade main notable
ind famous things to haue bene creeled in time past of noble personages [ liauing had wealili

ih put out
so pe.icc-
niiducl, il
M. Ldi'kc
countrcy,
nc married
Tour ships
ic ciistcmu'
c comiiidii
tliat Idwiii-
iri'v mure
s flic <1IU'1\
■ly tribute,
this order,
ne, lor the
and, either
H'o may l.e
l»c to Caii-
Goiiioii iS;
inK 111 then
in the huii-
oiipy. TlitH
j;er'<. AUi>
»■ readv was
It- the tlinii-
lid III hii(i|M
ihr burden
isand diirats
stilie. Fur-
land fur oiii
lot sell them
ler ehenpe in
a^r in luuid,
«t vour \>or-

Campion.

rs railed

ihe skir-

plain!\

F.arlr oT
•ler, onr
n Malini

)rd) in^mtTrd

lliri;! lo seeke
r dcatii miuht
leir lame alxi
iiianv notaide
ng luid weaiih
.ii

The losite of Fuimg

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES

aai

at will) in such sort, that not oncly certaine ruincs of the same siunptunus works builded so
many hundred yeres |)ast, do still reniainc, but also the most part of those princes, the au»
thours of them, do continually by them dwell in our memories. As the Pyramides made
at Memphis, or necrr the fauKi s riuer of Nilus, by the great expenses of the kings of Egypt:
the tower called Pharia, made in the Hand of Pharos by king Ptolomcc: the walles of Babylon,
made or at the least recdilied by quecnc Semiramis; Dianas church at Ephesus builded by all
the noble persons of Asia : Mausolus toome or sepulchre, made by his wife quecnc of Caria :
Colos-us Solis placed at Rhodes, 1 remember not by wliat Princes charge, but made by the
hands of Cares Lindius scholar to Lysippus : and the image of lupiter, made of Yuory by the
hands of the skillull workman Phydias. The which moiuunents made of barbarous and hea-
then Princes to redeeme theniselues from obliuion deserued both for the magnincence, and
perfect workmanship of the samp, to be accounted in those dayes in the scucn woonders of
the world. Since the which lime, an easier, readier, and lighter way, being also of more
rontinuance then the firmer, hath bene found out, namely, Lettcr-i, which were first inuented
by tlie ("aidics and KiiviJlian-i, aswcreade, and augmented since by others, to our great bc-
nelit, and now last of all ( no long time past) the same to hauc bene committed to Printers
jiresses, to th- greaUNi iierleeiion of the same : men being lirst inforced to write their nctes
and monuments in bea-^tsskinnes dried, in barkes of trees, or otherwise perchance as \nrea-
dily. Hy the which benelit of letters (now reduced into print) we see how easie a thing it
is, and hath bene for Tinble persons, lo line for eiier by the helpe of learned men. I'or the
memorv 111" I hose two woorlhy and valiant captaines Seipio and Hannibal had bene lung be-
I'orelliis present quite forg<illen, except Titus Liuius, orsomcsucii learncdlli-toriographer had
written of ihcm in time. Anil .Mcxander Magnus himselfc that great conquemur had nothing
beeno spoken of, had not (l.('uriius, or some other like by his learned stile reuiued the remem-
brance of him, and ealletl baike againe his doings to his posteritie. For i!ie which cause we
>ee 1 iimmooly in all ai^es learned men to be much made of by noble personages, as that rare
patcrne of learning ,\ristotle to ii.iue bene greatly honoured of that former renowmed .Monarch
Alexander: wiio allirmed openly, that he Wiis more bound to his Master .Aristotle, then to king
I'liilip his lather, bee.uise the one iiad well framed his minde, the other onelv his boilv. Many
oIluT Hm' examples I eoidd alledgi" at this present, if 1 knew not vnto whom I now wrote, or
in wliat: for your honour bein;; ^kilt\lll in hi-torics, and so fanuliariy acquainted with the
matter it sclfe, that is in still entertaining learned men with ail curtcsic, I shouhl secme to
light a candle at iKK)ne tide, to put you in remembrance of the one, or to exhort you to doq
ilie oilier, dayly being accustoined to performe the same. Cras,sus sayth in Tullies first booke,
l)c Oratore : that a Lawyers house is the oracle of the whole cilie. But I can iustiv witnesse,
ihal lor these line yeeres last past, since my retiirne from my trauell beyond the se.is, that
vour lodgiiiii in the Court i, where 1 through your vndescriied goodncssc to mv great comfort
do da\ ly Irequent ) h ith bene a eontiiiuall rece|)tacle or harbour for all learned men coinining
from both the eyes of the realme, Cambridge, and Oxford (of the which Vniuersity your
lordship is (;haiucller'> to their great salisl'aetioii of minde, and ready dispatch of their sutes.
I>|jecially for Preachers and .Ministers of true religion: of the which von haue becne from
lime to time not onely a gre;it I'auourer, tint an earncNt I'urtherer, a;id proteetour : so that these
two nurseries ol learning (in one of the which 1 haue before lliis spent part of my time,
that I may sp.-ake b ddly w!iat I tliinke) should wrong your hon.itr greailv, and iniicli forget
tliem-elues, ifby all meanes possible they should not heeiMl'ler ^as at this present to their smal
powers many well learned •.■enilemen of them do) labour .ind tr.iuell in shewing ol iliemseliies
thankerull, to reuerence and honour your lonls'.iip, and lionesi their owne nanu-s: whose
studies certeinly would suddenly decay and fall ll:il, il't.iev were not held vp by such n(d)le
propi>e>, and had not some sure ankerliolds in tlieirilisli\s..e to leane vnto. How readv dayly
vour irauell is, and hath long beene besides to henelit all oilier persons, in whom any sparke
of veriiie or honesty reinainelh, I need not labour lo e\pres-.e, the- world knowing already
the same. Hut whosoeuer they be. that in all their life lime haue an especiall c.ire by all
meanes to prolit a'- nianv as they be able, and hurl none, do nut niiely a laudable act, but

leadc

i^»

•i«

VOYAdF.S, NAUIOATIONS.

Thf hme of Fnvuip:.

\f.'ltt Mall
41 L'onttiiiii
ii'l'Ic 1164.

Ic.ulc a ppi I'lMt anil vri'v soillv lil'iv WluTcnpon Stril)i> adirmclh flus m(n( tnii'Iy lo he -ip ikcii
of them : MiirfalcM turn (Icmiiin Dciim imit:iri, nini IxMiclici fiicriiit. 'riiiit it, Muriall men
ihci) specially lo loll.iw liie nature ol'Ciod, when they are bcneliciall and Ixmntil'iill tn nt'ier'*
(ireat commentlatinn \ nddiitjtedlv it lirinneth li> any nnlile persnna^^e, ttiat n* the Mnonr
that li;;lit and l)rinlitn( •■se (vliich slie leccnu'lli nl' ilie Sun, in wimt pre'tenlly tn -prcid a rnml
vpcn the ('lie of the e:irt!i, Id the rerie>hin!,' and rrmfortinn id' all inl'iM-ionr and nalnr:dl
i!iin^-i l)earin}{ life: m) I'i r him, !'> he-tow all that lanonr and eredit, wliiih he harh fjolleii al
ilie prineen handes, to the In Ipi' aid r< liel'e of the wonrtliy and needy, (ireat U the I'cird'
(my ri.;lit hononrahle lord) o( irne xcrtnc. which eausetii men, a* riilly wriiith in his i)nokc
l)i' Aniieitia, til lie loind \- ho'inred oil of liiose pciMons, whii ii nener -aw them. W liere-
ol' I iiener had heller pri'id'e ( I i.ike (!od \ mine one eonsrieiue to witnesse, the which I ilc-
" clared also to eertaine of my I'rieiids .nssoone as 1 returned) then at nn last beinj; at ('oii«laii-
tinnple, in the \ere ol' our Lord l,')(H, wliereas 1 off resortins; (as ociasion serned) lo the
rijjht honor.ihle Christi.in amhassailm-, while I made my abode there 'jiainelv vnto Monsieur
Antonio I'eirimol, lietjer there for the rrenrh kin;;, Si-'. M. Virior l?raj;adino, for the seniii-
orv oC N'enire, Sig. I.oren/o (iinsliniano, lor the state of Siio, or Chios, nnd .Si;^'. AHirr-
t.irio drili Alberli, lor the diiki- of I'lorenee ) luard iheni often rep<Tt .tihI »peake ver\ iio-
iiorabK of vonr lonlship, partiv for \onr other u'ood inrlinalioiw of nature, b:,l espei i.iJK
for vour liheralilN , iV luiirleoiis iiilriMiin'» of diners of their friends I'v < iiinlrvmen, whii h
\poii snnilrv oieasions had bene here in this onr re.ilme. So that to i onihule, all men iiisilv
f.uioiM' M'ur hoiinuralile ilcaliio.',- and de-erts: and I fr mv part haue reiirrenecil and
honoured the same eiierimre both here at home, and eNwhere abroid, wishing ofie.i id
haue h;\d some iiist oiea-ion lo pay part of that in nood will, whiih my slender abiliiie will
nener snlfer me I'lil'v to <li-ihai;e I'or vnto whom should 1 s loner pre«ei I aiiv ihin;; aii\
way, espet ially eonierniii;; mailers done abro.id, then \ nio \our hirii-hip. In whom I w,i<
mueli rherished .ibroad in ni\ ir.iii II, and mainleined since mv relurne here at home? I'l.r
the which cause I hane i nlerpriscd :^ hcjiin^ j;reatl\ of \ our lord-hip- lam nr herein') to eloilic
and -el forth a few ll.iliaii newe- in our I'.ni'li-li atlire, beinu; (ir-tnionui-d thereunto bv the ri^hi
worshipfull M. I). Wil.nii Master of her Miiesiies Hj'ipic-is, \onr iiniiours assured trii-tv friend,
a ;;re.it Si jiainfiill fnrtherer of le:irninu, whom I, and many other li.r diners re-pects oii>;ht 1 1
reuerence: who remenibrini,' that I had bene at Cyprus, was willin;; thai my pen -hi iild tram II
about the Christian and Turkish adliiren, which there lately haue h.ip|)ened : peis^wadiuj; hiiK-
sell'e, that soiiiewhat thereb\ 1 miv;lit benefit this our natiiie connlrey A^ain-t whose rea-
»onabIe motion I could not ^reailv wrestle, ha/./ardin^ railier my slender skill in altem|iiiii4
and performing; this his re<piesied laske, then he through mv refiisall shoidd si cine to want
any iol of mv ^ood will. In oMeriii^ vp the which iicwes, although I -hall present no nevv
fliini; to your honour, because you are so well aiipiaintcd with the Italian <('p\, as I kimw :
yet I trust vour lordshipwill not mis|ike,that the same whiih is bitli plea-ant to reade, and -o
net e-sary to be knowen fordiuersof our i aptaines and other our i oiinire\ men, which are i^iin-
raiit in the Italian tongue, niav thus now shew it selfe abroad, i nucred vnilcr ihe wiiio^ of vniir
lordships prntcclion. Certeinlv it moouelh me niurh lo remember the lo— c nf those three iin-
table Hands, to the };reat discomfort of all Chri-tendome, to tho-e hellish 'I'urke-^, horseleei In ,
of Christian blood: namely Kliides besieged on S lolin H.ijuisiM tiay, and taken on lohns <|.iv
the KuaiiKelist, i)einf; the '^7 of December 11)2^. Scio or Chios bein;; lost since mv lieiio^'
there, taken of I'iali Hasha with HO ^rallies, the 17 ol .\pril l.>(i(i. .And now last of all int
i>j.iu! K)it. onlv I'ama^u-ta the ihiel'e holde ,V fortrcsse in Cyprus to haiie bene lo-t of ihe \'ineli.ins
the l.'i of Atij!;ust la-t jia-l I, '17 I (the ihiel'e ^oiicrnors I'v captaiiies if the bein^' hcweii In
sunder bv the cciniandemeiit of ih.it tvrant Mustafa M.isha) but all the wlvde llindalso to lie
i onipiered b\ those criiell Turks, ancient professed enemies to all Chri-lian religion. In
the which eiiill successe (commiii'.' to \.s .is I take it for our ollences) as I lament the uenerall
lossc; so 1 am surely pensiuc to vndersiand by this too true a report of the vile death of iwo
jiarticular nolile gentlemen of Wnice, Si^. M. Lorenzo Tiepolo, and Sii;. .M. (Jiouamii .An-
tonio (iucrini: of both the which I in my trauaile \sas very courteously vsed, the I'lPrnKTol

them

Ki:.J<> l"^l

ritiiiitn.

' ■*[) :)kcil
tiill MICH

<) (it'uTH

Mootip.
Ill ;i ni:i<l

i)atiir:i1l
f^ollcii at
llu- find'

Ills l)n(lkc

Whcio-
liidildc-
("ou'lnii-
(1) li> the
Monsieur
till" sri;in-

,<•.. AllllT-

1" vcrv lid-
cs])»'( i.ilK
lUMi, \vhi( li
nri) iiisilv
•iiiTtl ;iiiil
; (illc:) 111
bililif will
tiling nii\
hiiiii I w:i-i
)irn'? I'l'i'

|> 1(1 cldlllf

l)ytl)(Ti;;lil
iislv IViciKl.

ts dUgllt U<
< iilil train II
vaditig liiiu-

whosp rca-

altcmpliiiL;
inc to want
lilt iin new

as 1 kiuiw :
•paclf, and «o
irii an- ii^rm-
viiij; of ymir
isc thrrc ii"-
lioixolftM 111 ^
nil Idlins d.iv
re my liciiii;
isi ()!' ail lilt
:u' \'ciicli.iiis

ij; licwi'li ill
illd also to lie
ii'li>;ioii. Ill
t itic ".'Piinall
• deatli of two

Jioiiaiini An-

ihc runiiiT ol

llii'm

'the lom of FiiiiKi.^.

TIlArFIQUES, AND DlSC()UF,RIi:s.

tli

Ihcm brinj: then (as now hImo he wih in this micrtlirnw) ^"iicrnniir of Hallo in Cyprux, tiu"
iiilicr lapiainc ol" ono of tin- rasuls .it Corcyra in Orcrcc, now callfii Corfu. lUit lliinjjs pant
arc past aini'iulinciii, ami tlicy cciulil nciicr die mort" linnoiirably, then in tlic defonio of
tlicir coiiiilrcy. IJcsidiN that llip late l)lowe.s, which the Turks hauo rocciutd since this their
liiry, in token (d(iods wrath against them, do niiirli roinfort emry I'liristian heart. Morc-
tuier liiit Miilnrine preparation which in certainly ronelndcd, and forthwith looked for, by
\crv many C'liiisiian Trinies (would (Jod by all jjenerally) aj^aiiist these barbarous Maho-
iiu'ii'is who.e I riieltv and beastly bchauimir I partly know, and am able to iiidj;e of, hauing
bene in Tiirky aiiionjjsl them more than eight inonelhs together. Whose vnfaillifulne.sHe also
;iiiil Irearh of priiinisr, as the Wnelians nianlv courage in defence of theniseUirs, and their
fortresse, voiir honour may eisily readc in this short treatise and small handfnil of Icaucs, I
hailing set downe al-o a short description of the Hand of Cyprus, for the better vnderstand-
ing 111' the whole matter. The which I n<it oiiely most humbly beseech your honour now
faiiouiahh to ai cepf as an earnest peny of more to come, and ol' my present good will: bui
with \oiir accustomed gomliiesse towards me, to defend the same against such persona, whose
tongues too readilv roiile sometime again.-t other mens painfull trauels, pcrswading them-
selues to pun liasc the sooner some credit of learning with the ruder sort, by controlling and
oncrd.iintie sil'ring of other mens laboured tasks. I'or I know in all ages to be found a.s well
Uasilisks as I^lephaiits. fhiis nothing doubting of your ready ayd herein, as I assuredly trust
of ymir honours laiioiir.ili'e acceptation of this my jioore prese'it, wishing long life with the
increase of (ioils holy spirit to \nur lordship and to all your most honourable familie (vntii
whom I haiie wholly dedicaied my selfe by mine owne choise and election for euer) F,
craning pardon lor niv former boldncs.se, most humbly thus take my leaue. From Lambhith
ihea.l of .March Ann. l.il'i.

Your honours most humble and faithfull scruant
lor euer, William Malim.

A briefe description ol the Hand of C\ priis : bv the which not oiiely the Venetians
title wli\ they haiie so long eiiio\ed it, but also the 'I'urks, whereby now he
rlaimeth it, may plaiiil) appeare.

The Il.ind of Cyprus is inuironed with diners seas: for Westward it is washed with the sea
called I'ainphiliiim : .Southward, with the sea .l^gv ptiuiii : on the I'.ast part, with the sea Syrium :
and Northward, with the sea called Ciliiiuin The which ll.iiid in time past had diners names:
called once Acainantis, as Sabellicus witnesseth. I'hiloiiides maketli mention, that it was
railed sometime Cerasis. Xeiiogoras writeth, that if was named Aspelia, Amathusa, 8c
.NJacaria. There were in times past lil'teene cities or famous townes in it, but now vcrv few,
amongst the which Famagiista is the chiefest i*v strongest, situati'd by the sea side. There
is also Nicosia, which was woont, by the tralVike of marchants, to be very wealthy : besides
the city of HaOo, Arnica, S.iline, Limisso, .Melipotamo, anil Kpiscopia. Timosthenes aflirmeih,
that tliis II, Mill is ill lompassc 4'i'.) miles: ami .Vrtheiiiidorus writeth the length of the same to
be Iti'i miles, measnnng of it from the I'.ast to the West, betwixt two promontories named
Dinaretta :iiid Acamaiita This Hand is thought to lie very rich, abundant of \\ ine, Oile,
(Jraine, I'itih, Ito/in, .Mliim, Salt, and of diners precious stones, pleasant, profitable, and
necessary for mans \se, and ninth freqiieiiteil of Marcliants of .Svria, vnto the which it lieth
\ery iiere It hath bene, as I'linie writeth, ioyiicd sometime with .Svria, as Sicilia hath bcene
also with Italy. It was a long lime subiect \nto the liomaiis, after to the I'ersians, and to
the Solilan of .llgypt. The selfe same Hand w;is soiiietinie also Knglish, being conquered by
king Richard the first, in his \o\age to Hierusaiein in tiie yeero of our Lord ll'J'i. Who (as
Polydore writeth in his fourteenth bouke of our I'liglish historic ) being iirohibitcd by tlieCy-
priottes from arrinal there, iiiii;ide<l and coii(|iiered the same sooiie after by force: and hauing
left bchinde him sullicieiit garrisons to keepe the same, dciiarted from thence to rtolcmayda:

vol.. II. Hh who

<■ \

l)H»

.k •

U '

'liMl^: .

mit0.

!f ■

fi '

• e

voya(;f,s, nauioation.s,

The toHHr of Fmuaa

wlin nl'trrwanl cxchnnged the Mjiinc wiili (iiiy (if I.iHii;naii, that was the laxi rliri^ii'iicd king
of IlicruNalfin, for the .tame kinj^iloini'. Fur tin- which iviiise the kiiiKi* "f I'"ii){laiiil were lonj^
time after callrd kinj;-* of Hieru^alcm. Ami la*l of all, the Venetians hauc enioyed it of late
a Inn^ time, in thiit order following, In the vere of our I.nrd 1470, lohn king of the >.ayd
llnnd, Honne to lanns of l.iiMignnii, had l>y lleKii his wife, which was of the Kniperiall house
of I'aleolo^us, one da(i)<hter only (alli'd Charlotia, and a hailard callrd lames: the which
lames was afterward eonsecrated Uis|i(i|) of Nicosia. This Charlolla was married first to tin-
king of Portingall, of whom he had lU) i-.siie, so that he licini; dead, l.cwes Duke <if Saiioy
(to whom »hec was the second time niariied ) sonne to Loves the second of that name ( vnto
whom the naid Hand by the right of this his wife CharloKa did appcrtaine) had the p'ssessinn
of the same. lames the l)a»iard assoone as his father was dead, of .1 hishop became a sonl-
diour, and with an army wanne the Hand, making it his owne by force. Tliis Duke < '; .Saiioy
hearing these nevves, with a mnnbcr of well appointed soulil'ers, arrim li vliorlly •I'lvr in
CypriiH, and rcconering againe (he Hand, compelleil the 'i.i.faiil to Hie loitl.v ill, ou< 1 •,■ f' ,■
Snidan of .1'"gypt. Who making himselfe his subitMt, in li'iie so wr .ight u. ,1 tenij" 'i'd f' '!
matter, that the Soldan in person .11 his recpiot pa>scd oner in',' '.'"ji'-iis ,ns!i-j{ed iW-.'-
Lewes in the castle of Nicosia, and at length compelled him to dcp: i* leae- ,j '.ii", kiiM iloiec.
So that this Hishnp became againe King of this Hand: who shortly aflec di'n.i.ny to (!'.• Vene-
tians hailing made a league of friendship with them, married bv their /.mhiuI one I'.'alherina
the daughter of Marco ('ornaro, which it'alheri'-, the Senate of Ve.'.ice .>„l..;^(od ^ >!'> them
Noone after as their danghler. This Hisluip not long after sickeneii, :ii«d died, l.Mui;ig ihi^
his wife with child, who lined not long after his fathers death. Pv <he wl..< vi nKa-.u'K t ic N'e-
netlans making themselue> ihe next heires to ("athcrina bv '.lu' hiw of ad ; ion, looke 'iif.,
them the possession of this kingdome, and liane kei.i ;>; -' >-(i)Oj 1 d the -i.tui' aii'.o,.t l/ii-
hninlred \eeres. Now this great Tnrkc called Snlian Selim :.i the n^''M o! the 'ioldv, 1,.'
.Ivgypi, whom his grandl.itlu'r (called aUo >iilian SelinO « iin(j-..err.!, jKctendet'- : «ighi li'.lc
\ntoit, and imw, as you mav \ ndci-t.ind \>\ rciding of tins s'lorl irc:ii>i', li.i'. bv "n(,.ii-
obtained ihe same. W'lioin 1 |)ra\ thi' cuerliuing (Jod, II it be 'i-s hidy .\ili, -horli" 10 1 ■ r
out from tiience.

To the Itc.ulcr.

I .\m not ignorant (gentle lieadcr) how hard a matter it is for .\n\ one man tr \»rite ili.Tt,
which should please and sati-lie all persons, we being connnniifv of s,) jljiiiri cpini(>ns iiul
contrary indgement*: againe 'fully afTirmeth it to be a verv didit 'lit h'u'c. U< (iiufe . u» aii\
matter which in his owne kinde may be in all respects |^erfe( t. Wliciriori i ttM-' \>\ ^nur
owne iudgeinent I ought of reason to be the sooner pan'med (,my lrans(;i.ioii I'ei.i-; tjeci^.lv
tied to mine authciirs meaning) if any l-^ing her in besides be thought to be wan.iiig, I t'Ju
learned by the way how combei'oi;* a thing it is to tiirne the sclfe same matter 'iiit if tii.
Italian language into our conntrey speech. Rut wlio so doelh what he j)i'-siblv can i-. Im'niii
to no more. And I now at the request of others (who put me m m i.de, it.at 1 was uoi oncly
borne vnto my selfe) hauc accomplished that in the ende, \vhii'h I promised and wn tcouiri'd.
With what paine and diligence, I referre me to them which are K),iirul| in th<,' (L.Tiaii tnii'^iie,
or may the better iudge, if it please them to trie the sati e, c;Mli^^; ;; idc l'ii« <s onpler, I
speake it not arrogantly, Ilake(iod to witnesse: but mens p.ii/.einll ;..uij1i otij'lil n.>t !ighl!\
to be con<lemned: nor surely at anv time arc woout to bo o! l!'j learned, or (l'«ireet. II'.
whose gentle accejjtation if fhe.e my present ih.ings |v <iow slI,)pc^^t•>(l, I will pcrswade lus
selfe that I liaue reaped sulTicient fruit of my traneil. Vnto whorr.c with all mv heart 1 wi-li
prosperous >ucces3C in all their allitires

Ann. Dom. 1 J72. W. M.

'/'//(' hue of Fiimaf.

THAFrKJ

.*>\'mme Deus, nm

F.I subeat geiiiis

Unem ilas laniorin

In nos Nibrabil I

Ante Kliodum, mo

TinchariMii cepii

Mllsiaf.i f(i'(lifragu>

I'it N'l'iiei.i ('\pr

Kee IJnem impoiiit

Nee ni-,i pui.iin .

Qnalis, (pi;e innnp

S.inguisiig.i oboe

Tortur.in' scpiitiir 1

Ivl ciedcm admis'

Sieint inops animi,

\el maims indon

At In, ina';ne I'.itcr

Ncc sine iu.k i.iri

I'.Mllcl line liioli-,||'ii

Ia( iiii.'iiiKjiu' mi
I'il (|iind (;iiri-.tii<i|;r

III !aii-tiiiii nobis
Til piigna illiiiiiMi p

CipliiiosiHie lihi
Sli lii.i per t'liiini fi

N'mis Ml C'lifistus

Tne true report of all the ,uc( !'■
tiiiingo, vnto the rci

TII« sixleenth <lav of I'ebriiarv, *
it.aiMi-ta, departed I'rom thence, win
fiiolmen, eight hundred of tlu'm ih,,.
/ens and other of the \illage-,) ilu- r.
After the arriuall of the whii h sui coiir
ward of ail h.inds, llicn ii (|j,| lidnrc,
lowne, the (iouenioiirs ami {'.ipiaincs
lor the liettjr incoiiragenienl and .411,11
watch, to the intent with more i lire In
agaiii'^t whom they made no sally out o
Midcrsiaii,! when'lhev miglii learne tlu
prouision within the Ciii,', the Turks w
sary, (it to baiter the foriressc wiiha
speed by the .Sea, many wnojpaiks,
arlillery, eiigins. and other thini^s e\pi'
At the beginning of April Ihilli I!as|,
his (..mpaiiy, who brought thiiluT tli;,t
•leparting from iheiue, and leauiiii' I

lout of Faniai;.

TiiArriQuns, and nisrouFRirs.

In Tiirchan precolio.

RVininc Diur*, hik ciirrc iiii-t. inincrc<tfp tiionim,

I'.l siilit'.ii Koiiiis u- iH'iia (lira liKiv
Uiicin lias lantoriini liiirin, Itcx inaKiic, labnriini ?

Ill Mill \ilinil)il tela i|ii<>us(|U( Sathuiii'
Aiiri- l{li()iliim, incix iiuli' Cliiiiiii, niiiir dcniiiiu' C'ypruin,

Tun li.iriiin icpil saii^iiinnlt'iilii inaiiiH
Miixlal'a rddirrajjiis parliw jira-.-aliir in otnlHN,

Kt N'cnci.i Cspriaiii >lra|>i- criienlnl liiinuitn.
Ncc (iiH'in iinpiiiiil si'ilrri, mollifiii^ I'lirorcin,

Nee ni"! pul.iln '•anguine pasiiH abil.
(^iiali'i, (|tia' iniiupiain nisi plena tiiincns(|iii< cninre

Sin^nisu^a ohscssain iiiillil liirmlo ciilt'in.
Tdrtur.iir sci]niliir turliira, iriinr(]iu' iruori'in,

I'it c-i'ilcin .i(linissaii) (ifdis alius amor.
Sii'iiil inops aniini, iici scl sr Icinprrat ipse,

\('l inaniM iiuli)initiitn imsira doinaif pott'st.
Al III, in.i';nc I'.iIit, tiiniidiiin dispcrdc Tyraniuiin,

Net' siiu' in.icMri semper luiilf tniiin.
l'!\ii!(-l line iiMinslnim, nc s.ni^ninc Irrr.i rcdiindi'l.

I'A) ii(i.iiit(|ni' nuiniin Cvpiia rc^na in;;uni.
V.t (|iiu(l (^liristii iil.i- I'n'diis pj'piniTf Miuiarihii',

Id laiisliiin iidliis otnnibiis cs-e vclis.
Til pii;;na iildiiiin pii);n.is, tV India scciukK'h.

('.ipliiu)si|iif tilii siilxic per aiin.i ScMJias,
Sii III. I piT I >liiiii riiiiilciiir gloria nuiiidinn,

V'niis sii C'lirisliis tici, iV \na lidcs.

(Jnliflimis Nfalim.

Till' true rcpiTl nf all the -.luccs-i- cd' Fainaniisia, made by the Karic Nestor Mar-
linin);!', Milo ilif reiuiwincd Prince the Diike o( \'enice.

Ill .si\ieenlh dav (d' I'ebriiary, * i.'>7l, the lleer wliich had lirnuj^lil the aydc vnto Fa-
iisla, departed tVoin llieiuc, wherea^- were rdiiiid in all the armv, but foiiro thousand
men, eij;ht hundred i>\' tliem chosen soiildiers, and three thonsand (areountinR the (.'ili-
i and other of the \'illa;;es) the rest two hundred in number were souldiers (d' Albania.
T the arrinall of ijie whii li sui coiir, the Inrlitii atinii ol' the City went more dilijjenily for-
1 (d' all hands, ilicn it ilid liei'nre, flic whole i;arison, the (irecian Citizens inhabilin;; the
lie, the (iimenioiirs ami C.iplaines iml willulrawini: thenisehies (roni any kinde of labour,
ihe belter ini <Mira;;ement and t;o(id e\ainplt' o\' olhers, both niyht and day searchinj; the
li, to the int<'nt with ninri' i arelnll lu'ed takiiij; tliev mii;hl beware of their enemies,
list whom llie\ made no sally out oT ilie Cilv to skirmish but very seldome, esjjceially to
:Tslainl wlicn lliev mi;;hl learne the intent <d' the enemies. WliilesI we made this dili^jent
lision within the Cilie, tlie Turks without inaile no lesse pre|)aration id" all things neces-
, lit to bailer the loriressi" withall, as in biiii<;in;; out ol' Caramania and Syria with all
■d by the Sea, many woolpacks, a ^real <|uaiiiiiie of wood and timber, diners pieces of
lery, eiii;iiis. and other things expedieni Inr their purpose

I the be^inniiij; cd' .\pril llalli I'aslia landed there with fourscore };a!lies or thereabout in
onipany, who bronchi thither that, wliii li of our enemies was desired, who sonne after
irtiiig from thence, and leaning behinde him thirty {^allies, whit h contiiuiully transported

II li 'i Duuldiuursj

S' M

* In Italy ind
othri)>lj(ri the
ditc oi tlif ycte
of yf l.ont n
ilwivri ilun^cJ
ihr tiikt of 1 1-

lUUTViOt tMI

Nt>v ydriJjVi
.itul ttmn ihjt
lijy rctk.tncJ

V|H>n : jllhitugh

v/ee hccrfiiih"iis«
land, fi]t«cijlly
ilic tPm|iorjll
bwyrri Cur crr-
t.iiiii* CLtuitt are
not «iHui( ri)
ihrr ttif unir
viUill thf An-
lUiiiiijruiii of
v\\\ l.iiiic«

tj > ^i

I #

I '■it!

' i'

U'l\

236

• Carumusilioi

be VfSKllllkf

»nto yf l*rf ncli
Gaijjrdi, lulling
dayly vpon the
Tiucr of Eor-
dcaiix, which
sailc W a mUen
flr tiiangli' sj:Ic.

• M-ione If vcs-
ifls likr \nio )*■
fvM hulk^,
whu"h ronic hi-
ther (to Dtn-
markr-, some of
the whivh cary 7
or 8 hundred
tunnes a jiiece,
flat and broad,
which saile lome
of them with sc-
iicii miscnsa
(>ifce.

• P.ilandrie be
gre.1t Hat ve&iets
msiif hke Fcn-
bi'at- to tram-
port horse.
NikTosia, other-
wise cjllcd l.i-
cnsia.

Sig. Uragadino
wai I'rouf Jiiore,
that is.Goucr-
lunir, and Stg.
lia^honc Gr ne-
ralluf the Chris,
tian armie.

• Baffo of the
ancietit wiitcri
named Paphos,
in the whuh L'i>
tie thrre wai a
tumi'iiiuut
ChLireli dfdi.
ctted tn Vtniik

• Aijtnall in
Coiisiatitinople
and Venice i)
the place tor
muriitK n ^ud
artillery to

lie iB.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOXS,

TJtc losse of Famag.

souldiours, munition, fresh victuals, and other nrrc-<s.irics, besides a crrcat number of • Ca-
ramusalins, or Bri<;andines, great llulkcs called * M.iones, and 1 irfje br^ad vessels termed
of them * Palandrie, which contimially parsed to and fro !>etWi'ene Cvpnis and Syria, and
other places thereabout, which they did witli j;reat speed, staiulini> in feare of the Christian
army. And abmit the middest of the same monelh the Turkes caused to be broiijiht out of
the Cilie of Nicosia, which they liad w.iouc a lillie bcfiTe, (ifteene pieces of artillery, and
raising their arinv from whenie lliev were before, making ditches ;ind trenches necessary,
incam|jed themselues in gardens, and toward the We-l jarl oi Famagusta neere a place called
Precipola.

The fine and twentieth day of the same monelh they raised vp mo -nts to ])lant iheir artillery
vpon, and caused trenches to be made for hariinebu/er-, one >erv ni^li anolluT, approching
still very neere liie Citie, in such order, as was almost impussihle to stay llie same, fortie tliou-
sand of their I'ioners continually lal>ouring there (lie im -t pan t<\' all the ni;;ht. The intent
of the eneinic being then knowen, ami in what j)arl of ilic Citie he minded most to plant
his battery, we tookc diligent heed on the < tiier part, id rcpaire and fortilie all places neces-
sary within. For the which cause wee plaicd a great watch in that way, which was couered
with a counterscharfe, and in the sallies of their priiiy I'ostcrncs, for the defence of tlu' said
countcrscharfe, iliere were new llanckers made, also Traner.es called Mutierisses made \ pon
the Cortaiiie, with one trench of Tnrnes two foot high an<l broad, the which was n-.ade on
that side of the wall of the Cilie, which was already ballered «ilh lh<' shot of the Turke.>-,
with certaine loope holes for our Harquebuzers, by the whicii they del'eiuled the counter-
si liarfe. Two noble personages IJragadino and IJaglione ])cr..onallv tooke this charge on
them, by the which meanes the Christian alf.iires passed in very gcmd nrdir. .\11 the bread
fiT our Souldiours was made in one storehouse, of the \shich the noble gentleman !,■ ren/.o
Tiepolo captaine of * Balli) had charge, who rei'uscd im paine, where he thought his tr.niell
might preuaile. In the castle was placed that famous gentleman Andrea Ih-.igadino, who with
a diligent gard had charge on that part of the cavtle priucip.dh next \nio the sea side,
trimming and digging out new flamkers fir the belter defence ol the * .\r-.enall.

A valiant knight named I'oito uas ap|>ointed Master of the Ordinance, who w.is slain within
few dayes after in a skirmish, who^e garrison the noble Hr.igadino I'roueditore before named
presently deliuered oner lo me. Three other (a|)taines were appointed oner the wilde-(ire
with twentie footmen for euerv one of them, chosen out of the aiinu', to \se and execnie
the same as occasion should scrue. The best pieces of Ordinance were hnuiuht foorth vnto
that side of the towne, where the battery was looked for to be made: and they made priuv
fences to couer the better their cannon shot withall. There was no w.int in the Christians to
annoy their enemies in issuing <d'ien out of euery side against them, aswcll to hinder their
determinations, as to hurt them otherwise at diiiers times. They also rendered to v^ the like.
For three hundred of the inhabitants of Famagusta one time issuing out of the citie, armed
onely with their swords and targets, with so mai.v Italian Ilarquebu/crs also in their company,
receiued great dammage, because the treiuhcs of the enemies were made about so tliirke,
although at the .same j)resent wee compelled them to llie, and slew also many of them : yet
they increased to such number, tliat they killed presently thiriv, and hurt there threescore
of our company, "or the which cause order was taken, that onr men sliouhl lu) more come
forth of their holde, committing themselues to manil'esi |)erill to bid their enemies the h.a.se.

The Turkes in j)roce,sse of time by little and little with their trenches, came at longth lo
the topjie of the counterscharfe, and hauing furnished their forts the nineteenth day of .Mav,
began their battery with ten forts, hauing ihrccicore and foureteene pieces of great arlillery
within their custcKly, amongst the which there were foiirc Hasiliskcs ( for so thev terme them)
of an immeasurable greatncsse, and began to batter from the gale I.imis.so ynto the Ar^enall,
and layed hue batteries against the towne, the one against the great high Turret of the Arse-
nall, which was battered with fine pieces of Ordinaiue moimied vpon that fort <d" the nuke,
the other against the Cortaine it sclfV of the Arsenall, battered hy one fort with eleuen pieces :
another against the Keepc of Andruzzi with two cummuiulers, or caualier.s, which were abone

with

V' M

' Famag.

of • Ca-
s termed
yriri, and
Clirisiiaii
•ht out (if
li-ry, and
ie<e«s:iry,
ace called

ir artillery
pprocliinir
)rtie tlidu-
rhe intent
ist to |ilant
cos iicces-
a>< ciuiered
r tlir said
made \ poii
a-, n'.aile on
lie ■riirke>,
iie coiniter-
harjic (III
II the bread
an !,■ ren/.o
t hU tr.aicl!

(I, will) \%itl)

le sea >ide.

r^lain \>itliin
Inrc named
lie wildr-tirc
and exeriiie
t foorth vMto
made priiiv
Chri>tians Ii'
hinder their
n V-. the like,
eiiie, armed
:ir company,
lit so thicke,
f them : yet
re threcs( ore
[) more come
lies the l)a.se.
• at Ion<!;lh to
dav of >fay,
;reat artillery
terme them)
the Ar-ienall,
oC the Arse-
of the roi ke,
eiien pieces:
1 were aboiie
\sith

Hie losse of Famag.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

887

with .me Tort of elciicn other pieces: another battery against the Turret of S. Nappa, the
vhich was battered with fourc Basiiiska. The gate of Limissn, which had one high com-
mniider or caiialicr alone, and a Brey and Corfaine without was battered by the forts with three
and thirty pieces of artillery, whereas Mustafa himselfe Generail of the Turkes artny tooke
the charjic in person. At the first they seemed not to care much to spoile the walles, but shot
slill into the ciiv, and against our Ordinance, which greatl\ stalled them. Whereupon they,
who were within the eiiy, as well our souldiers a.s the Grecians, assoonc as the batterv bc^f.in,
withdrawing; them.selucs, came and dwelt by the walles of the citie, whereas they continued
from that time to the end of the siege. The noble Bragadino lodged in the Keepe of An-
dru/./i, Bifi'iioni in that ward of S. Nappa. The honourable Tiepolo in that which was called
Campo Santo. Wherefore they being ])resent at all that was done, both encouraged, and
l)unishc<l the souldiers acc(>rding to their desert.s. The right worshipfull Luigi Martiningo
was appointed chiefc oner the Ordinance, who answering all mens expectation cd' him, with
great ( ouragc diuided the charge thereof vnto sixe other inferiour captaines, who tooke order
and care for that company, and for the prouision of things necessary for the gunners: one
company of the Grecians being a])pointed to cucry gate of the Citie for to attend vpon the
seniicc of the artillery. The yaliant caplaine Francesco B.igonc warded at the Keepe, and
at the gre.it ("omniander of the A:>enall. Captaine Pictro Conte attended ypon the Cortaine,
at tiie ("ommander of the Volti, and at the Keepe of Campo Santo. I for my part attended
ypon the ("ommander <d' Campo Santo, and ypon the Commander of Andruzzi, and of the
Cortaine, ynto the Turret of Santa Nappa. The Karle llerc(>le Martiningo attended ypon the
("ommander of Santa Nappa, and to the whole ("ortainc, ynto the gate of Limisso. Horatio
Captaine of Veletri attended ypon the Brey and Cortaine, toward the Bulwarke. Vpon the
hinh Commander of Limisso, which was more troubled then :dl the re-t, attended the Cap-
taine Iiol)erio Maliiez/.i. At the same time, when the battery began (by the commission of
the lionouraljic Bragadino) yictuals were appointed, and giucn to all the souldiers, as well
Grecians, as Italians, and Ciunners: namely Wine, Pottage, Cheese, and Bakon : all the which
things were brought to tlie walles as need did require in yery good order, so that no souldier
there speiii anv mi're in bread than two souses a day. They were paved at the end of enery TwoVmnian
thirty dayes with the gre.it trauell of that right worshipfull Venetian gentleman M. Gio- |^'^'"„;'J,",""'
iianiii Antonio (Juerini, who besides this his ordinary charge was found present in all weighty ™'t'ny Eng-
and dangerims allaires to the great incouragement of our souldiers. And wee made a conn- '"'''
terbattery against our enemies for ten dayc.i space, with so great rage, that we choked and
destroyed liftcene of their best pieces, also we krlled and dispatched of them about thirty
thousand at that season, so that they were disappointed at that time of their battery in that
l)Iacc, and were greatly dismayed. But we forseeing that we had no great store of powder
left, there was maile a restraint, and such order taken, that thirty pieces should not shoot oft'
but thirty shot a piece euery day, and that in the presence of the Captaines, who were still
present, because the Souldiers and Gunners should not shoot ofl' in yaine.

The nine and twentieth day of Mav there came towards vs from Candia a Fregat or Pinnace,
the which giuing ys great hope and lightening of ayde, encreased maruellouslv euery mans
courage. The Turks with great trauell and slaughter of both sides, had woonne at the last
the counterscharfe from vs, witli great resistance and mortalilie on both parts. Whereupon
lliey began on the other side of the (ift baitery to till yp the ditch, with the earth that they
threw downe, which was taken neere the wall of the counterscharfe. But all that earth and
falling downe of the wall made by the shot of their artillery, was carried away of ys within
the city, all our company labouring continually as well by night as day, yntil our enemies
had made ( ertaine loope-holcs in the wall, thorow the which they flancking and scouring all
the ditch with their harijuebussie, stopped our former course of carying, or going that way
any more, without certainc and expresse dan ',er. But M. Giouanni Marmori, a fortifu-r, had
deuised a certaine kinde of ioyncd boords, the which being caried of the souldiers, defended
them from the shot of the harquebiizers, so that some other quantity of earth, but no great
filure, was caried also away: in the which place this

say(

done

'I'i I

(*i

>. 1 1

'i;<s

VOYAGlvS, NAUIGATIONS,

77/t' lossc of FaiiKio;.

li'l

- ML

• .\lhjn< II %ouU
dint, s-iilditis
iir .\lh.m.i,
■ luiwisc c.illfd
1 I uii^, who lo
mi'iiK True tlif
Viiiciutis iH'lh
nn liottrhakr
.ntl I'lX'l, vrrv
killing )'.iii'i'
l.U.

Oi till" noblr .V
ra.i,;.,ll \ti.t-
tun rfinl-inin
M. Ui . Alt,'.

luiidit ^y llie
trinijinlcin'; ' ■ f
Muitjfi) I ...1
rnf'-runifd Vfly
ti' .itcouily 111
»i ' :• i.:ril 1^
t -Ma, rit'.v

ilr.i t.irlu, l.>:
t,f,, ' 'lirri fhrrc
Mjg. ( i-itll..^iu
u: CiJ'ta.. ' 'I'
.r..-.f!:irC.,i

'lone o>iH'nall aood srniirc in :ill diir iicrcssan' adaircs. Ami our enemies liaiiini; ra-it s'l
niiirh eartii inio ihe ilitch, a^ filled il \\> nfjainc, and made it a lirme way to tiic wall of the
(•(Uintersciiarre, and castiiiu: before the ni the earth liv lit''-; and little, they made one tr.\iier<e
eiien \iito the wall on two >ides in all their lialterie-', 'lie vhich they made ihiike and slronj;
with woolpac k>i, and other las;ot<i, to assure tiieniseliK < th' belter ol' our tlaneker».

When thev had once possessed the ditch, th it they ci ".'d not be hurt of vs but by chance,
tiiev beijan Inorlhwith to cast and dijige ont \nderinines to vnderniine the Hrey, the Turret
of Santa Nappa, iht Commander of Andniz/.i, the Keepe of Canipo Sanic, the Cortainc,
and ihe Turrion of the Arsenall: -o that beiny able no lon<;ef to seruc our ttirne and iiiioy
tho>e fewe (lanckers, wo threw downe wilde-lire into our enemies campe, the which annoyed
them very sore, l)ecause it fired their woolpacks, & also their ta<;ots. And for the belter
encouragement of the souldiers, the rigl'l lionorablc Uragadino unue to euery sonldier one
(luckat, V which coiikl gainc or recouer any el' the former wor,lpa( kes, making rountermine>
in all places. To the which charge Maggio the fortifier knight wa-. appointed, who in all our
bii«inesse serued with siuh diligence and lourage, as he was able, or v>as rccpii^ile. But the
countermines met not, sauing ih( <■ of the C"omin.inder of .S Nappa, of Andrii/./i, and thai
(^{' Canipo Sanl'>, because thev were open, and our men .sallied out olien both bv (lav .inii
night into the dilcli to perceiue bclier the wav of (l>e mines, and to fire the fagots .ind wooll.
Nor we ceassed al any lime throu:;li tlu' vnspeal-.iblf Irauell of the Lord Haglioiie (who hail
the ouersight of all these matters i lo trouble our enemies intents, by all maner of wit and
policie, diuiding the conrpsnies for the baticries, iovning and ])lanting in all pl.ices a garrison
of the *.\lbanoi.s snuldioers, who a-^ well on lout as on liorsebacke, shewed always notalile
courage anil manhnnd

TiiC lirs! assault.

Tile one and twentietli d.i\ of hii.e liu'v put lire to the mine of the 'furrel of the Arsenall.
whereas (iiambelat iiev tooke ( harge, who with ureal ruine rent in suiitlera most ureal and
thicke wall, and so opened l' e sai!i(\ thai he threw dnwiie more then li„lie ihereol, breaking
aUo oie part <>l the xaiuiurf. ma ic before to \|)holde the assault. ;\nd suddenlv a great
luimber nf ihe 'I'urkcs -kippin,; \pon the riiines thereof, ilispla\ ed their Iwisignes, euen in
the loppc id thesanu'. Capt.iio I'ielrn Conte with his company was in that ward, the whiili
was nniih shaken and terrified In that sudden mine. 1 with my conipatn came first thither,
so that thev shortiv lonke the repulse, and although thev reireshed theniselucs wiih m \v
supplies (iue or si\e times, yet thev failed of their purpose. J'here fought personallv llir
Lord l5aglioiie: IJragaiiino and (Jiierini being armed stood not farre off to refresh and imn-
forl our .Souliliours, and the ("apt. line of the ('astell with the Ordniance, that was |)lanl<(l
\ pon the liiilteries, destrcAed maiiv <d our enemies, when ihev gaue v assault, the wiii(h
endured line houres together: so that of Turkes were slaine \erv nianv, and id' our side |u-
tweene ihem that were slaine and hurt one hundred: most part of the which number were
castaway by a mischance of our wilde-fir:, the which being vnaduisedlv and neuligentjv
handled, burnt \p manv of our owuc companv. There died at that jirescnt th<' Karle {ini.
I'rancesco CJoro, the Captaine liarnardino .\gubio: and bv the throwing of stones ilir'i.'c
.Malati-sta, C.ij>lainc I'ietro Conic, with other Caplaines and Standerdbearers, were \(r\ s.re
hurl.

The night following arriiied in C\ [iriis" a I'iiiasse Irom Caiulia, which bringing \tv\\i'^ (,('
most < rrt.iine avile, greallv im re:ised bnlh the mirth and courage of vs a!|, sn that we p'lulc
siioiie alter, with the licipe of the Ciplaine Marco Crinillatorc, and Maggi . the knight, i ir-
lain retreats flam ked to all the pficcs bi';ilen dowiic, and whereas thev su-piiled th:ii ihc
enemy had digired \p any mines, \\ ilh hogsheads, Cliesis, Tikes, and Sacks siulfed full of
moist earth ; the (Jreciaiis with all spcnl haiiiiig aln'.idv brought almost all th.il which llie\
had) because they hailing dis|i.iii hed their ( anueis about ncccss.irv vses, they l.roiight their
hangings, cortaincs, carpels, euen to their vcrv sheets, to make and sinjlc \ p their fores.i\d
sarks, a very good and ready wa\ to make \p agaiiie their \aimures, the which were ihroweu

ilinMic

>f J-'dinaii;.
vail ol' the

111' tMllONl'

and Niroiiir

by rhanrc,

th<' T'.irrct

('(irtaino,

and iiiioy

li annoyrd

the belter

oiildicr one

,iiilrriirmc>

lo ill all o\i\-

Hut the

and tlnii

ly day :iii(l

.iiid wocill.

r (who JKiil

(d wit and

IN a jjarrisdii

avs iKitaljIe

thr Aviciiall,

t urcat and

)!, liK-akiiii;
lciii\ a j.'n:it
[k's, t'lion 111
il, ihc \\lii(li

lir-t lliilluT,
It's with !u \,
crsdiiailv iIk"
•xli and < I'ln-

was jilaiitcd
It, flio \vhi( Il

"iir side Ix -
miinbcr wax

iiouiif;ciilK
V Karli- (lid.

>1H« ll'I'iic

TO vers s ,:c

1'^ liC\\''-. dl'
fluit UC l'>;i|c

knit;lit, I cr-
ied lli.il the
tiifl'ed liiM dl
wliieli ilie\
' rdiij;l,t tlieir
luir !( i(".a\d
vert' lliroweii
dd^Mie

Tlie losse qf Famap,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DJSCOUERIES.

downc with the fury of the artillery, which neiier stinted, so that we mad'.' vp njraine still
thai in the ni^ht, the which was throwen downe and broken in the day, sleeping very scl-
doine: all the soiildieiN standing; alwayes vpon the walles, visited contiiiiially of the Goiier-
iiors of the Citie, which slept at no time, but in the oxtrcame heat of the day, hauiii;; no
other time to take their rest, because the cncmie was at hand, giuing vs continually ahiiines,
not sullerinjj vs lonj; lo breath.

The second ; .*ault.

Tile nine and twentieth day of the same monefh they set the mine made towards the I5rcy
on lire, the which mine was digged in stone, which brake and cleft all things in pieces, and
caused great mine, making an ea-ie way for the enemy to assault vs, who with an outragious
fiirv came to the foppe, whereas Nfustafa their General was altogether pre-eiit, which assault
was recciiied, and stayed at the beginning of the Earlc Hcrcolc Martiningo with his garrison,
and ?.o were repulsed l)y our company, who fought without any aduantage of couert, the
vaimiire being throwen downe by the mine. There were slaine of our company Captaine
Meaiii the Sergeant Major of our armie, Captaine C'clio de Fuochi, Captaine Erasmo da
Ecrmo: and Captaine Sdldatello, Antonio d'Ascoli, Cnplain Gio. d"Istria, Standcrd bearers,
with many other onicer-*, were sore wounded, there died also .'}0 other of our common soul-
diers. .\t the Arsenall they were beaten backc with gre:iter dammage of our enemies, and
small hurt to vs, Eiiie onelv of our part being slaine there, whereas Captaine (iiacoino dc
Eabria;i(i al-o was killed, and I wa* wounded in my left leggc with an harquebush shot. The
which assault continued sixe houres, the Hishop of I.imisso standing vp there, incoiiraging
the Souldidiir-i. Where aUo were found present stout women, who came thither with wea-
pons, sldne>i, and water, to hcipe the Souldiours. Our enemies vndcrslanding how great
hinderance th"v had receiiied at these two assaults, changed their mindes, and began nuainc
with gre.iter I'lirN- then eiier thev had before accustomed to lay battery to all place, and into
our reireat-i, so that thev labouring more speedily then eiier they did, made seuen other forts
more, \nder the cattle, and taking away the art'.llery from them which were farther oflT, plant-
ing of if somewhat neerer, to the number of fourcscore, they battered the holde with so
^;reai rage, that on the eighth day of luly, with the same night also were mimbrcd fine thou-
•iand Canon >hdt, and after that sort they ouerthrew to the ground the vainnires, that scarselv
with great trauell and paine we could repaire them againe, because our men that laboured
about them were continually slaine by their Ordinance, and by reason of the endlesse tem-
pest of the shot of their Harqiiebu/ers. And our men beganne to decrease. For the Turkes
caused vs to retire from our Breves, by the violence of their artillery and mining, in such
sort, that there being no more standing left for our SouIdiour<, because we making our vai-
miires more thicke, our standing began to waxe narrower, the which presently we of ne-
ressitie enlarged with boords as a scatfolde to the \aimure, whereby we might haue more el-
bow roome to fight. Captaine Maggio also made one mine vnder the sayd Brev, to the in-
tent, that we being not able any longer to kcepc it, the same might be left to our enemies
to their great hinderance.

The third assault.

TO the sayd Brey the ninth day of luly they gaiic the third assault to the Turrion of Santa
Nappa, to that of Andruz7i, to the Cortainc, to the Kcepc of the .Vrsenall: the which assault
haiiingcoiitinued more then sixe houres, they were beaten backc in Imire places, but we left
the Brey to their great losse, and ours also: because we being assaulted, our company being
not able to mannagc their ])ikes in good onler, by reason of the narrowncsse of the standing
where they were, being willing to retire in that orilcr, as the L. 15agli(jne had prescribed vnto
thorn, and could not, cast theniselues at the last into a confuse order, and retired, they being
mingled amongst the Turkes: so that fire being giuen to our mine, the s.une (with a terrible
sight to beholde) slew presently of our enemies more tiien one thousand, aiidaboiie one hun-
dred of vs. There was wlaine Roberto Maluczzi, and Captaine Mar hctto de Eermo was grie-

239

Piouiilcntfc
carcfiill joucr-
nours or niagtr-
Irjies leldomc
tli-cpi- nil the
night ut any
lime, much Icr^
ill daiigcroii-
teasoii5.

thr beginniiis.
or ill due time
donc,helpeth

much.

Thatcenaint
wn'.iifii inhibit-
ing this ll-iiidhe
viijcas.or mi-
kiiid, 1 saw siif-
ficiriit tri.ill ac
nijhnt King
there, in a city
called Saline.

It is accnnted t
gi)od warlike
jhiit, tojeane
that to <>iiren<«
mics wi;h hin-
derance, «hich
wp t>n not ,iny
loiigci kcepe.riiiil
v:« ti>oiir uwi;--
commodiiv.

)T\

M .,

'V I

U )

.'■t »,

'II

III* I^J

', V 1

\Ji(»

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The losse of i-Vimrt^-

1 iip fjrw.iiiliit
• ilhc t.ii'taiiic

iiouslv womulod. At tlic nssault of the Arscnall was slaine Captaine Daniel Nocc master of
thc«ani|)o, tV I invsclfe ^vas luirt by tlie racing of a Cannnn shot. This as.'^ault conliiuicd (iuc
hourcs, and the Citizens of Famagiista slicwed Rrrat roiiragc in c iiery ])lace, with their women
also, and yoong stri|>liii,i;s. Tiie ]5rey was so defaced by reason of this mine set on fire, that
no body any more attempted to rccoiier tiie same, because there w.is no apt place rcinainin;;
to stav \pon. The left llanckcr onelv remained still, whereas another mine was made. 'Jlu-
gaie of Limis-.o was oner aj;ain-.t this foresavd Urey, and sonu-wiiat lower, which was alwavcs
ojjcn, liaiiin;; made to the same a Pnrtall, with a Percollois annexed to it, the which l'ercoli()i>
by the ciittinjj of a small cord, was a present defence to the ,<;ate, and our Soiildiours {jaiio
their attendance bv that fjate to brinj; in the battered earth, which fell In the ditches from tiie
rainpairc: and when thev saw that their enemies in foiire daycs came not thither, they bejjannc
to entrench ahone the Hrev, and by the (lanckers aboue thev suil'ered no ]>er>on to jiasse oiii
of the uate, the wiiicli tliiiii; brought great siispition vnto our enemies, because they were ol-
ten limes assailed of our company.

The fourth assault.

W'llercfi'ie thev came the foiireteenlh day of Iiily to assault the gate of Limi.sso, and la\ iiij;
their haticrv to all oilier places, they came and planted their Kitsignes euen before the gate,
iimti not only whcicas ilu' I.. I5a!;lione, and .Sij;. Liii;ji were in readines.se, who had taken vpon them t) dc-
™"c'omn'o'' fend that ijale of the ('itie. Who assoone a^ they had encouraged their Soiildiours, salivin;;
louUiitt, I1..1 swifiK foorlh, killed, and put to flight the greater part of them, and at the Ixst i;iuini<; (ire to
,ifiiiyhiscrr,iit the niine ol the llaucker slew loure hundred 1 urkes, and Sig. Baglionc at the same tinu-
" t""iimn,'''"°" ^^'"°" '"' I'li^i.HiH- ol'our eneuiics, w raslinn it \ iulently out of one of the Ensigne bearers hands.
The (lav lollnwins; they gaue (ire to the mine of the cortaiiie, the which thing not falling out
grcatlv to their purpo>e, thev followed not their prepared a.ssault. \Vhereft)re thev beganne
to ("ortilic, and ailuame higher their trauer-es in the ditches, for their better assurance against
thev shcuKl gine the assault; and thev hid emptied and carried awav all the earth iieere viiio
the couiiUt--karfe, where thev K tlged in their pauillions, so that we could not descrie them,
Thev -ihol Heiien pieie>i of artillcrv vpon the wall of the counter-it harle so t iniertlv, that thev
were not seene: twn fnin the Rrey of the Turrion of Santa Nap|)a, one from .Vndruz/.i, and
two otherall alt)ng the batlerv oftlie Cortaine. And thev came \vii!i certaine litu rdes couer-
rd wilh r.iwe and greene hides, vnder which they brought their men totligge in the \aimures
we being nothing bthiiidi' or forgetl'ull to cast wilde-fire amongst them, and sometime to
issue foorlh of our>:inies c.illed I'osternes, to oflend their rioiicr^, aliliough to ourgreat hin-
drance. .\;)tl we still lepaireil the vaimures by all meanes possible, wilh 15ti(le skins, being
moi.-<t and wci. throwing in aKo earth, shreads, and t titlun wilh water, being well bound lo
gether with cordi>: all the women of Fam.igusta gathering themsrlues together into compa-
nies 111 euerv sir, et (being guided of tme of their Afonkes called Caloiero) reported <lail\ to
a ceit.iine jilace appointed to labour, gathering; and |)rouiding for the ".nuliliir^, ^Itmes and
water, the wliiih w.is ke])t for all assaults in halle bills to ipiench the (ire, which the Turks
thr(w ^iMii.ii;;si them.

llauii'^ had no great siicccsse in taking of the gate, thev found out a newe wav, neiicr
heanl if before, in gathering together a great <|ua'ilitie of certaine wood tallcil Tei^lia, which
c.i^ily burned, and -melt verv euill, the which thev throwing before the former g.ite of ^lie
Ciiic, and fagots fastened to the same, with certaine beanie-* besrneered with I'itt h, kindled
Mitldeiilv so grt at a (ire, as was not po-isible lor vs to qiient h llie same, although we threw
\po!i it whole Ihits of water, wliiih were ilirowen downe from an high ("ommaiider, wliiili
liiii-i presenilv brake in sunder.

I'liis (ire continued foure dayes, wherefore we wcie inforced bv reason of the e.xtreaiiie
heal and siinch, to withdraw our seines further in\^ard, and they descended towardes their
lower (linckers, beganne other mines, so that the gate was shut vp, because it could be no
longer kept open, and suddenly (a thing inaruelloiis to be spoken) the sianding of the IJrev
being rejtaired, and made vp .againe, they planted one jiicce oner against the gate, the wliicii

,airil IVJil, J
ctrtj^ne wo,hI
uhicli b'.;rtietll
easily, :<iid Si-
uuifth VD^'Ira-
saiitly, of ill'*
which ihrrp is
Hint stor' in
Si^i'il*'. lonir-
timc It i» VirJ
f ,r 1 tJfch.

Niiifceiiilif
tliiiiet J hec Ji)!;
Wis U-l"! SllJt-
t^mplcil oil ct-
ihei J irt.

i!, '

v.:

master nl
imiod fine
!ir Women

fire, that
remaining;
ado. 'Jlu'
IS alwaycs
PcrcDlioi-,
lours gaiic
cs I'rom tin:

bci;aiiiic
pnsse out
?y were ol-

aiid l.iyill;;

re the j^ate,

tlieni t) dc-

irs, >allviiiy

uiiig (ire to

' same liiiu-

arrr.s liaiid>i.

alliii;; out

(V bejjanne

aiicc against

1 neerc viiio

csrrie tlicin.

y, that (hey

[lulruz/i, and

>i rdcs cdiKT-

tlir vaimiircs

sometime tn

iiir great liin-

skilis, lieiiin

?ll bduiul tc-

inlo rompa-

>rteil dailv to

.. -lours and

I li the Turks

' way, neucr
l'fi;lia, wliicli
r f;ale of \lio
itch, kindled
fill we threw
lander, wliiih

the extreaine
Dwardes their
[ could be no
H of the IJrev
lie, the whicii
of

The losne of Famag.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

of vs with stones, earth and other thin>!;s, was suddenly buried vp. By this time we were driu-
cii to an exigent, all our prouision within the citie stooping very Iov,re, sauing onely hope, the
noble courage of the Gouernours and Cajifaines, and the stout rcadincsse of the Souldiours:
our wine, and flesh as well powdered as vnppwdered was spent, nor there was any Cheese to be
gotten, but vpon an vnrcasouabic prire, our company hailing eating vp their Horses, Asses,
and Cats, for lacke of other victualls: there was nothing left to be eaten, but a small quantitic
of Bread, and Bennes, and wedranke water and Vinegcr together, whereof was not much left.
When that we perceiucd that our enemies had digged and cast vp three mines in the Com-
mander of the gate, they labouring in all jilaces more diligently then eucr they did before,
bringing into the ditch, ouer against the battery of the Cortaine, a hill of earth, as high as the
wall: and already they came to the wall aboue thccounterscharfe ouer against thcTurrion of the
Arsenall, and had made one Commander complete, fenced with shares, like vnto plough shares,
in proportion and height correspondent to ours.

Within the ("itii; were remaining but (iue hundreth Italian Souldiours, who were not hurt,
yet \ery faint and weary by their long watching and paines in fighting in those fcrucnt and
burning heates, whicii are in those jiarts. And the greater and better part also of the Grecians
were by this time slaiue, whenas the chicle of those Ciiizens remaining did fully resolue
themselues (the which was about the twentieth day ofhily) to present a su])plication in writ-
ing to that noble gentleman Bragadino Proueditore, desiring and beseeching him, that seeing
their Citie aiul I'orfresse was thus battered and brought to cxtremitie, without sufficient ayde
to defend the same, without subslance or sustenance, hauing no hope of succour, or any newc
sujjply, tiiev hauing si)eiit and consume<l not onely their goods, but also their Hues for the
defence of them, and in testifying of tiieir dutifuil scruice towardes the noble and royall
state of the Scgnioric of Wnice, that it might nowe please him, and the rest of the honoura-
ble Gouernours, that were present, and j)ut in trust, hauing a carefull eye vnto some honour-
able conditions, to haue now at the last a respect to the credit and honour of their long tra-
uclled wiues, and the sale^ard of their poore children, which otherwise were shortly very like
to be a pray In their bloodihirsting and rauening enemies. To the which letter or supplica-
tion s|)eedv aiiswere wa- made i)v the forcnanied honourable Bragadino, comforting them, that
they should by no mcaiies ai).itc tluir courage, and tiiat shortly he looked for succour from the
Scgnioric, dimrnisliing as much as hee might, the fcare which they had conceiued in their
hearts, dispatchiiig and sending away suddenly from Cyprus into Candia, a Pinncsse to cer-
titie the duke and gouernours there, in what extremilie they were. The Turkes by this time
had ended their mines, and set them on lire, the 'i'J. of July : in the which space our men,
according as they were woont to doe, rcuued and m.ide vp againe the vaimures ruined be-
fore by the Ordinance, and hauing lU) other sludie left to aduaunce them with, luadc .sackes
of Kersie, vnlo the whi( h the noble Tiepolo diligently looked. The three mines of the
Commander did jjreat damage to \s, hauing throwen downc the greater part of the earth,
whereas the gouernour Uaiuiacchi was siaine. The mine of the Arseuall oucrthrew all the
rest o( the 'lurrion, hauing smoldered and choked one whole gar.-ison of cur souldicrs, the
two flamkers onely still remaining.

The fift assault.

Tile enemies tr.uielled much to become masters of those foresayd flankers, and to sally
foorth l)v the other batteries, and this assault lasted from three of the clocke in the after noone
vnlil night, where, and at what time were siaine very many of our enemies. In this a.ssault
.Sig. (iiacomo Sirambali, amongst the rest, shewed much wortiiinesse, as hee had done before
in other conllicies.

The sixt and last assault.

'I'lle next inorning following, at the breake of the day, they assailed all places, the which
assault continued more then sixe houres, with very little hurl on our side, because our ene-
mies fought more coldly then they were wont to doe, annoying of \s continually on the Sea

VOL. II. I i kide

841

Mam cour.ige
oft abatcth, but
hope Kldome
forsakath.
Saguntina famrt.

In Tuly the htMt
is so citrcnie ia
this Hand, that
the inhibitaiits
thereof are nut
wtKint totrauelJ,
but by night
oil Icy.

A letter oriup*
phiMtion cihi<
hited by the
Cyprioites viil*
Sig. Bragadino.

The aaiweie oi
the t'atmu lei«
ter.

It iMndcth with
reason, in hoj^
of sailing the
greater, to let
the If i«cr go.

r'^^ r

^ il

I.'

m* :

h 1 1 'J ii

• i/«

2*3

Necessitie oft
timcsprctseth
vs in the end
to (hit, which
our will conti-
niLilly spurn-
etti ag.im>t.

(•iaiinez'ri be
thv gatd of tlie
grc.it Turke,
so tlut Apa Ac
GiMumcti IS
ll:f cii't.iiiu- it"
the Turkci

lujt Turkish
ilr.iling, to
<.;'- At ami not
t.) mciiu : so.
dfinlyto |»ri>-
mise, iiiH iif-
ufi ti> (•<'jfori;i
•!ie«ame-

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The lossc of Famag.

g'lAe with their Gallies shooting in all their assaults and batteric.4 continually Cannon shot in
all parts of the Citie, asnpcrc as they might. After we had defended and repulsed this as-
sault, and perceiued things brought to a narrower straitc then they were wont to be at, wee
hailing left in all the whole Citie but seuen barrels (f ponder, the gouernours of the Citie
fully determined to yceldc vp themscliies and the Citie, with honourable conditions. Where-
fore the first of ,\ugust in the after nnone, fhev tooke a truce, one being come for thai pur-
j)ose from Mustafa the Generall, with whom they concluded the next morning following to
giue two hostages a piece, vntill such time as both armies were agreed. For our hostages
(,by the appointment of the right honourable Hragadino) were sent foorth the earle Mercule
Martinengo, and Signior Mattco Col^i a Citizen of Famagusta, and from our enemies came
into the Citie the Lieutenant of .Mustafa, and the Aga ol' the Ciiani/.zcrs, the which were
met, eucn vnto the gate of the Citie of Signiour Haglione with two lunidrcth harquebusers :
ours also were met in like mancr with great pompe with horsemen and hartpiebusers, with
the Sonne also of Mustafa in person, who made very much of them.

The Lord Raglione imparld with these hostages, which were then come for that purpose of
the articles of peace, requiring by ihein of their Cicnenill, tlicir lines, armour, and go(ul>,
flue pecces of ()rdinance, three of the best hordes, and safe passage from thence vnlo Candia
arcomi)anied with their Gallies, and last of all, that the Grecians inhabiting the Island, might
dwell there still quietly, and enioy peaceably their owne i><hk1s and possessions, lining still
Christians hereafter, as thev had done before. All the which re(|uests and articles were
:in;reed vpon, granted, and subscrilied vnto by the hand <-'f .Mustafa. I'lorthwith were sent
Gallies, and other vessels into the hanen, so that our souldier^ iminedijilv bcjjan lo inibarke
ihemsel.ies, of the which the gre.iter jiart were already gone aboorde, the Nobiliiie and oui-
chiefe Captaines also being likewise very desirous to depart.

The 1,"). or.\ugust in the morning, the worthy Bragadino sei'f me with a letter vnto .Mustafa,
by the which hee sinnilied, that the same night hee wi'iild come vnto liiin todeliiicr \\) the
keyesof thcCitie.and ti-al he wi'uld leaiie in the holde the honmirable gentleman 'fie|)olo, pray-
ing him therefore, thai whilest hee should haue iust cause thus to bee abroad, that there init;hi
be no harme d^ne at home, and in the Citie. The Turkes from our truce taking vntill th.it
time, practised with vs all I'amili.irlv. an<l without anv sinpitiim of ■-ini-ter or iloiible dc.iling.
thev liauing shewed vs much cdiirtcNic bcih in word and liecdi-. .Mn>-t;\(",i hnnscH'e bv worde
of mouth presenilv answered me to this letter, in this sort, ihat I >hinild ivinrne, and make
relation to this noble man Hngadiiio, wlio had sent mee, tli.it he sIkhiM cnme oner t.i him
at his owne ple.\siire, fur hee w.is xcrv de-irous both to see and know him, for his j;rc.it wnr-
thinesse and prowesse, that hee had tried to be in him, and in the other of his C.ipiaines and
Souldiers, of whose manhood and courage he would hononrablv report, where stieiicr he c.ime,
as oceanic II should seme iliercunto: and to conclude, that hee should notiiing doubt of anv
thing: because in no maner of condition hee would sud'er anv violence to be done to those,
which remained behind within the Citie. So I speedily returning made true report of the
same: and towards ni;;ht about foiire of the ciocke, the right honourable Hri;;.idin(i accom-
panied with the L. Haglione, uitli .Signior .Muigi Nfartiiiengo, with the right wcr hipfnll .Siij-
nior Gio. .\ntonio (iucrini, with the right worsliipfull .Signior .\ndrea Hrag.ulino, with the knight
ofUa^te, with the < aplaine Carlo Hagon:isco, with caplaine I'rain csco Straco, with captaine Hec-
tor of Brescia, with captaine Giroloinn di Sacile, and with other gentlemen and (iltie souKliour^,
the Gouernours and Noble men with their swordes, and the Mnihlioiirs with their harqtiebu/.es
came foorth of their hold, and went vnto the pauillion of .Mustafa, olwhom, all thiv at ihe be-
ginning were curteouslv receiucd, and caused to sit downc bv him, he rrasoning and discours-
ing with them of dniers things, a ceriaine time, and drawiiiL; them front one matter to another,
at the last vpon a sudden picked :i tinareli \nto them, espcciallv burdening that noble Bragadino
with an vntructh, laying to In-; charge \ he hiul (aii-.cd certaine ol his slaiies in the lime that the
truce contiiuied bet weeiie the, to be ])ul to dealh. 'I'he whii h thin^ was most f dse. .So tiiat hee
being angry therewith, •suddenly step! foorth, .md cominaunded t'leni to bee bound. Thus thev
being vnarmed ( nut sullered at that time to enter into his pauillion, with their former weapo is)

and

■■''h

,11

ti 1:

Thelosseo/Famas. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

i4S

rtic

tcit bide of our
Sjiiiourat
hii P.lstiCHI.

• '/echini, be

certaine piecci
of Biie ijnld
cjined ill Ve-

and bound, were led one by one info the market place, before his pauillicn, being presently
cut and hcwen in sunder in his presence, and last of all from that woorthy and noble Bragadino
(who being bound as ihe rest, and being commaunded twise or thrise to stretch foorlh his
necke, as though hcc should haue bene beheaded, the which most boldly hee did without any Thtproi
sparkc of fcarc) his eares were cut oflT, and causing him to bee stretched out most vilely "f J'", , 'jjj.'
vpon the ground, Mustafa talked with him, and blasphemed the holy name of our Sauiour, brXii°nih
deniaunding him, where is now thy Christ, that hee helpeth thee not? To all the which no ',"J,''"""'
answere at all was giuon of that honourable gentleman. The earlc Ilercole Martincngo, Mui'tnfj.coiin
which was sent lor one of the hostages, who was also bound, was hidden by one of Mustalas ?.'™|"fj_'°.(iici,
cunuchcs vntill such time as his furie was past, afterward his life being graunted him, hee was lionnnniiie
made (he cunuchcs slauc. Three Grecians which were vnder his pauillion were left vntouchcd.
All the soiildicrs which were found in the campe, and all sortes of Christians to the number
of three hundred, were suddenly slaine, ihcy nothing mistrusting any such treason, or ti-
rannio. The Christian soiildiers which were embarked a litle before, were linked and fet-
tered with iron chaincs, made slaucs, all things being taken from them, and stripped into
their shirtes.

The second (lay aficr this murfher was committed, which was the 17. of August, Mustafa
ctitrcd the first time into theCitie, and caused the valiant and wise gouernourTiepolo to bee
hanged, who remained behind, waiting the returne of Signior Bragadino. I being in the
citie at that present, when other of my countreymen were thus miserably slaine and made
sinucs, hill my sclfc in certaine of (he Grecians houses the space of fine daycs, and they not
beini; able In kecpe mce in couert any longer for fearc of the great penallie, which was pro-
claimed agavnst sutli transgressors and concealers, I ofTred, and gaue my selfe slauc to one
Sangiaccho del Rir, promising him line hundred * Zechins for my ransome, with whom I re-
mained in the Cainpe. The Friday folowing (being the Turkes sabboth day) this woorthy
and ])aticnt gcntlcmnn Bragadino was led still in the |)rcsence of that vnfaithfull tirant Mus-
tafa, to the batteries made vnto the Citic, whereas he being compelled to carv two baskets of "'"•'""y'""
earth, the one \pon his l)a(Ke, Ihe other in his hand slaue-Iike, to euery sundry battrie, being ninvaiuesm-
enfori'cd also to ki-se the ground as oft as he pas'icd l)y him, was afterward brought vnto the ,tl',c "„! 'I,f'
sea side, where he being placed in a chaire to leane and stay vpon, was winched vp in tiiat moMy.*iome-
iliairc, and la-tened Mito the maincyard of a galley, and hoisted vp with a crane, to shew '^u','i 'li,"",- *
him to all the Christian snuldiours and sialics (which were in the hauen already shipped) 'i>tf>oaTur.
hcc being aftcrw.inl let dnwiie, and brought to the market place, the tormenters tooke of " i""""-
his clothes froni him, and tacked him vnto the pillnrie, whereas he was most cruelly flaied
f)uicke ; with so i;reat constancie and faith on his part, that he neuer lost or abated any iot
(if his stcdfast courage, being so farre from any fainting, that hee at that present with most Hudeithtn-
stoiit heart reproched them, and spake much s!;amc of his most traiterous dealing in breaking imfotmeMire,
of his faithful! pnnni^e. At the last without any kind of alteration of his constancie, he re-
commending his soulc >. nto almightie (iod, gaue vp the ghost. When hee had thus ended
his life (thanks be to (iod) his skin being taken and filled with strawe, was commaunded
loorthwith to be hanged \ pon the bowsprit ol a * Foist, and to be caried alongst the coast of * a Fein ii »
Syria by the sea side, that all the port towncs might see, and vnderstand who he was. ganjin'r! fnns

This is now so much as I am able to declare to your highnesse by that I sawc my selfe, '""'"h" Ij--
and can remember whilest that I was in the Fortresse: that also which by true relation of 57.^7, much
others I could vnderstand, and sawe also my selfe in the campe, whilest I was slauc, I will ',"^1"'/'";
likewise briefly vttcr vnto you. The enemies armie was in number two hundred thousand Mroi.oraiwc
persons of all sortes and qualities. Of souldicrs which tooke pay there were 8(). thousand, be- J^JJ^'^Ri^"
sides the which number, there were H. thousand of Gianniz/.ers taken out from all the holdeti >i"i.
of Syria, Caramania, Natolia, and part of theni also which came from the * gate of the great • I'he sue of
■furkc. The venturers with the sword were 60. thousand in number. The reason, why i?a'/rau"ii'to'"
there were so manv of (his sort, was bc<aiisc Mustafa had dispersed a rumour through the ">■, "Coiman.
'furkes dominion, that Fainagusta was much more wealthy and rich, then the citie of Nico- whX.'heV'aii
sja was: so for that cause, and bv the commoilinus and ca-ie nas^jiirc from Syria ouer into j" ''" ''

I I 4 Cyprus, Snnloll.

thejrc
I'urlti,!

» w1

244

VOYAGFS, NAUIGATIONS,

The losse of Famag,

\ .

It' i

H<.'

:•. W

.)/.

'10

oil Vfrlmitri
d4 tpadj, ire a
kind of vrndir-
ing S(>ul(lin»t
who vi>inmntily
*rp wont to f'll-
Liw thr army in
hnpc of tlie
ip.iilf.

Ak|H)o, 1 fj-
mooi 'Hif iifere

Cyprus, these venturers wore easily iiuUiccil to come tliithor. In 75. daycs (all the which
time the batteric still continued) 1 JO. th(iu-.and iron pellet!) were shot of, niiiiibrcd, and
si'cne. The chiefe pcr-ionages which wore in their annie nccre vnto Miistari, were thcHc
following! the BaHsa of Aleppo, the Ba^isa of Nutolia, Mu?<afer Hassa of Nicosia, the Uiisna
of Carainani.i, the Aj;a of the Giamii/.zcrrt, Oiaml. 'lat + Bey, the Saiigiaccho ol Tripolis,
the :j". BcRliarbci of CJreccc, the Ba^sa of Sciuassi and of ^farasco, l'"orca Framhuraro,
the ^ San>;iac(ho of yVniipo, Soliman Bey. three Sinu;ia(chos of Arabia, Mustafa Bcv
vi'itoAhiiochi.1, ironerall of the Venturers, Fcrtrit poucrnour of Mal.itliia, the Framhuraro of Diueric,
uft.vl'I/,^')'! l'^*^ Sanjiiaccho of Arabia and other Sanjjiacchos of Icssir crcdite, with the number of
»,x„, iht tiiy foiirostorc thousand i)cr«.ms besides), as by the inustir made bv his Conunission niiulit

of tlic .Sunnc. ,, '

fikyiny.iuiit. ^^eil appcarc.

uh linguigc, 'J"||,. I-'rainburaro which was at Hhodes, was appointed and left gonernour at Fainaf!;ii<t:i.

wither '""*'" and tl>f report was that there should bee left in all the Island of Cyprus, twcniie thousand
t Uitim^insg- persons, with two thousand horses, many of the which I -aw, bciiit; very leaiic and cuill ap-
Aamiraii' poviited for seruice. it secincth also a thinj; not iin|)ertincnt to the matter, to sl^niljc ((,

5 Sjiijiicdio, ii y,n,_ |,(,^^. [_ i,y (lij. c-jieciidl j;racc of God, w.is deliiiered out of tluir crucll hands, I liaiiiiiir
iht Tml"",' |)a'eil within two iV foriif dayes (all the which time I was sbue) Hue hundred ZechiiH
'''""'"'"""'" lor mv ran.iome to him, whose prisoner I was, hy the meaiie-- of i!ie Consul for the Krciuli
[!'io.'"ty.' Merchants, a li^ier tlien at Tri|)olis, who a litlc before came I'rrni I'rjpoiis in Svria vnto i\-
nnnhu'\<l'!i\ z I"'""-' '"'" ''"' Tnrkcs campe. Yet for all that I luid paicd this sunnne of nionev to hitn, hec
»,i hi! Hiujoii, wonid net so set me at libertie, but feil mee\p still with fuie wordc-, and promiseil mee
Ij'krl'hTh'tm ' '''^' '"-'^ wouKI lirst bring mee vnto his ■•oncrnemeiit, which abuttetl \pona piece of the
NccriiitK oft fanirus riuer of Luplirales, and afterward dismisse me, 'rilT" which malice and I'.dschood of
'„',"'" jj',"!^^"'' his I perceiuin;;, determined with mv selfe to •{iue him the slip, ami to (lie; so I wailinj; my
< iiiscih luijoti, time, and repairinj; often to the Cilie, at Icnjjth met with a small Fi-.li«T boafe, of the which
a poore Grecian was Owner and master, with Nshom in one nijjht with two onelv oarcs ami
a small saile iraile of two shirts, I passed oucr from Cvprus vnto Tr |)oli», beinj; in ver\
jjrcal d.injier of driwiiini;, whereas I remaine<l in (ouerf in the house cf certaiiie ('lirisiiai s,
viitiil the tine and fwenlie of .September, at wli.it time I departed from thence in a little
French shlppe railed S.mta \'itt(ir, which came irito these |i,Mtes, and as wee rode, wee
touched at a part of Cvjirus Westward, i.illcd C.jpo dcllc (iatte, where as I came i n laiid,
and talkinj; with certainc of t':e iMliahitanis of the \ilhiues, who were then bv ch.ium c a
Haukin^', demaunded of them, how tliey were intrealed of llie 'furkes, and after what sort
the Island was tilled: to the which they answered, that they couUI not [)ossiblie bee in worse
pickle then they were at that present, not eniovin;; th;it (piietlv whit h w.is their ownr, be-
inj; made villaines and .slaues, and almost al»ayes carvinj; away the liastnnados, so that now
(they s:i\d) thev knew by triall too peifeclly the |)le'isanl and peaceable nouernment of the
C'hristi.iiis, wishinji and pra^inn (iod thai they mi^ht shortly relume. And coiicerniii" the
tillaj;e of the Nland thev made :inswere moreoiier, that no |)art <d" it was pluwed nr l.dioured,
lom'mui'irr.'ioy- "^iinin,; onely that mountaiiie whuh was towards th.- West, aiul that because thev were lille
injofthtumf. troubled with the <Tueltie of the 'furkes, but as fur the |)laiiie and luist part oi' the Island,
there was small seede sowen therein, but became in a maner desert, there bcii;!; left bnt
few inhabitants, and lessc store of cattell there. Afterward wee departing from thiiuc ar-
l\d^^r<t\[['ui riued in {{ Candia, I for my part beinj; cl.ithed in sackecloth. wliereas simtie after bv the
Cf.ti nii...i,n, great cnncsie of the right honourable .Signior Latino Orsino, I w.is new apparelled ac'cenl-
i'r"['!"['!M in^ly, friendly welcoinined, and my necessitie reheued. From wlience I shortly after savl-
if h*,i OIK, ., ing in a Cypriottes ship (thankes be to almightie (iml } arriued in (his Citie in health, ainl
iuu h'frf Ve- ' ' ^ii safely come home now at the honorable leete of your highncsse.

msiuing but
tinel/ 4. ihut
cornm .iity
r.iinrri, t jndij,
li Car,.j, R«i-
:11a, and bcythta.

Thf nature cf

f.iery coniini>-
ditir 11 &').'nrr
»n.irr?to4Kl Sy

The

' Famag,

|>c which
[)rc(l, and
lore these
jlhc Uiissa
Tripdiis,
iinlmraro,
'lafii Hey
Ir DiiiiTic,
Jiiinljcr 111'
|i(>n niinlit

'amafriwtii.

thoiisaiul
1(1 (uill np-

:iiiiii' ti)

I liaiiinir
|c(l Zei hiiii
llu' l-'rciu li
r,\ vnio {'\-

him, hti'
iMiiscil nu'c

it'Cf llf tlic

,il-^chi>()(l (it
wailinj; my
if iho which
V oarc?4 and

'\l\fi ill MTV

I' Clirisijai >,
rr ill a lililr
!• rndf, wfc
ime 1 II land,
)y chjunrc :i
i«T whal s(iri
hvc ill worse
r dwiir, l)c-

so that now
iiiinit ol' the
ircriiinf; the

or l.il)(iur('<l,
y were title
i' the Maiul,
L'ii;,<; li-fl hilt
111 ih»iuc ;ir-
after by the
elU'il aiii'iil-
y alUT sa\l-
1 health, aiul

The huge of Famag.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The

The Captains of the Christians itlainc in Famagusta.

tUc lord Estor Raj^Ii .nc.

The lord Aliiii;i Marlineiigo.

The Itird Fcderico J^aijlidiu'.

The knij;ht of Asta Vicejjmicrnor.

The capitaiiic Daiiid Noic Master of the

Campe.
The rapitaiiie Mcaiii of Periij;ia Scrieant

M lior.
The earle SiijiMinoiKl of Ca><ol(lo,
The earle Francesco of f.obi of Cremona.
The cajitaine Francesco Troncaiiilla.
The raptaine Hannibal Adaiiio of Ferino.
The laplaiiic Scipio of (he cilie ofCastello.
The captaine CharloM Rauonasco of Cremona.
The raptaine Franccnco Siraco.

The raptaine Roberto Maliiezzo.

The captaine Cicsar of Adiicrsa.

The captaine Rernardin of Agiibio.

The captaine Francesco Rngon of Verona.

The captaine lames of Fabiano.

The cajitaine Sebastian del Sole of Florence.

The captaine Hector of Brescia, the sncccs-
sour to the captaine Caesar of Aduersa.

The capt.iiiie Flaminio of Florence, suc-
cessor vnto Sebastian del Sole.

The captaine F.rasmiw of Fcrmo, successor to
the captaine of Cernole.

The ca|itaine Bartholomew of Cernole.

The capt ine lohn Batlista of Riiiarole.

The captaine lohn Francesco of Venice.

The names of Christians made slaiies.

ITIe Earle Herocles ^fartillen<^n, with lulius

C.Tsar Ghelfo a Sonldicur of Bressa.
The carle Nestor Martinengo, which fled.
The captaine Marco Criiiellalnre.
The lord Ileroclcs Malatesta.
The captaine Peter Conte of Montaiberto.
The captaine Horatio of Velelri.
The captaine AInifji Pezano.
The Coiitc lame-^ of Corbara.
The captaine lohn of Istria.
The captaine Soldatelli of A;;iibio.
The captaine lohn of Ascoli.
The captaine Anionic of the same towiie.
The captaine Sebastian of the same townc.

The captaine Simori Rap;nc«e, successonr to

the captaine liaiiid Noce.
The captaine Tiberio Ccriito, successor vnto

Conte Sij^ismond.
The captaine Joseph of I.anciano, successour

vnto captaine Francesco Troncaiiiila.
The captaine Morgante, successor to captain

Hannib il.
The Lieutenant, successour vnto the captaine

.Scipio.
The .Standerd bearer, successour to captaine

Roberto.
The captaine Ottaiiio of Rimini, successour

to the captaine Francesco Bugoii.

The captaine Sal;;ano of the citie of C.astello. The captaine Mario de Fabiano, 8ucccs.sour to

The captaine Marcheso of Fermo.
The captaine lohn Antonio of Piaccnza.
The raptaine Carlctio Naldo.
The captaine Lorenzo Fornaretti.
The raptaine Barnardo of Brcsria.
The captaine Barnardino Coco.

cajitaine lacomo.
The raptaine Francesco of Venice, successour

vnto captaine Antonio.
The captaine Matteo of Capua.
The captaine lohn Maria of Verona.
The captaine .Mancino.

lohn Marmori, slainc.

MVstafa Gencrall.

The Bassa of Aleppo.

The Bassa of Natolia, slainc.

Afusafcr Bassa of Nicosia.

TI.e Bassa of Caramania.

The Aga of the C!ianni/.ers.

Giambclat Bey.

The Sangiaccho of Tripolis, slaine

The Bcgliarbci of Greece.

The Fortifiers.

The knight ^[aggio, slauc.

Turkish Captaines at Famagusta.

The Bassa of Sriuassi and Marasco.

Ferca Framburaro.

The Sangiaccho of .Xntipo, slaine.

Soliinan Bev, slaine.

Three Sangiarchos of Arabia slaine.

Mustafa Bey, General of the Venturers, slain.

Fergat, ruler of Malathia, slaine.

The Framburaro of Diueric, slaine.

The

>1t>

VOYAGI'S, NAUIOATIONS,

lohti Foxe.

<i .

'1.1

.', « ',' :

The woorthy enterprise of loliii Toxc an Enjjiisliman in dcliiirring 26(5. Clirinlians
out of thecnptiuitic of the Tnrkcs i\l Alcxnnilriii, the .7. of laniiaric l.'>77.

A.Mnng oiir n>erchanl« here in Unj;Iai)il, it is a common voiapc to traflikc into fipainr
wherrunto a nhip, being called The three halle Moonc!*, manned with J8. men, and well
frnsed with munition)), the better to encounter their enemiei* withal!, and hauin^ wind &
['ft,'''" "''" •"'*'• f**"' ^'"^ Portsmouth, I5(i.'i. and bended her ionrney toward Siuill u citie in Sjjaine, in-
tending there to trafiquc with them. And fallinf; neere the Strei>;hts, they perceiued thr-
sclues to be beset roiuid with eijjht fjaliittt of the Turkey, in nuch wise, that there was no
way for the to flie or escape av,a\, but tliat cither they must yeeld or els bt sunke. Which
the owner perceiuin^, manfully encouraged his company, exhorting them ■ aliantly to nhew
their manhood, shewing; them that (iod was their (iud, and not their encmiu:, requesting
tiuMn also not to faint in seeing such a heape of their enemies ready to deuour them ; put-
ting: them in mind also, that if it were(i(Hls pleasure to giue them into their enemies hands,
it was nut they ^ ought to shew one displcasant lookc or countenance there against ; but to
take it patiently, & not to prescribe a day and time for their deliucrancc, as the citizens of
ISethuiiadid, but to put tiieniNelucs vnder his mercy. And againe, if it were his mind and
giiod will lo shew his mighty power by the, if their enemies were ten times so many, they
were not able to siand in their hands ; putting them likewise in mind of the old and ancient
wo<irthine.sse of their countrcymen, who in the hardest extremities haue alwayes most pre-
uailcd and gone away conquerors, yea, and where it hath bene almost impossible. .Such
{(juoth he) hath bene the valianlnesse of our countreymeii, and such hath bene the niightie
power of our Ciod.

With cither like incouraitemenis, exhorting them to behaue themselucs manfullv, they fell
all (in their knees making their prayii^ hrielly vnio Ciod : who being all risen vp againe per-
ceiued their enemies by their signes and detiaiK cs bent to the spoyle, whose mercy was no-
thinjj els but c riieltic, whereupon eiicry nuni tooke him to his weapon.

Then stood vp one Oroue the master, bcin;; a comely man, wrih his sword and target,
hiilcliiii,; lliem vp in deliance agavnst his enemies. .So likewise stood vp the Owner, the Nfa>.-
ters mate, Hoateswaine, Purser, and eucry man well appoinltd. Nowe likewise .soundeil \p
the drums, irMm))cls and llnlcs, wlijih would liaui- encour.med any man, had he neuer so
liile heart or courage in him.

I'lieri taketh him to his charge luhn l<°oxe the gunner in the dis|)osing of his pieces in or-
der (o the best eflect, and .sending his bullets towards the Turkes, who likewise bestowed
their pieces thrise as fast toward the Christians. Put shortly they drew neere, so that the
bowmen fel to their charge iti sending forth ihcir armwes so thicke amonyst the (iallies, &■
also in doubling iheir shot ^o sore v|)on the gallics, that there were iwi.se so many of llie
Tiirkes slainc, as the number of the Christians were in all. Rut the Turks discharged iwise
as fjst against the Christians, & so long, that tiie ship \\;is \ery sore stricken iV bruised vn-
der water. Wliii h the Turke.s perceiuing, made the more lia-te lo i<ime alioord the .Shippe :
which ere they cnuid doe, many a Tiirke honuht if dt'i rciv with the h'-sc dl their lines. Yet
was all in v.iine, atid bnorded the\ were, where tliev fdiiiul so hi-tc a skirmish, iha' it had
hene belti r they had nut medled with the feast. For the Ivnglishmen shewed themselucs
men in deed in working maiifiilly with their browne bils and halhardes: where the owner,
master, boaicswaine, and tiieir company stoode to it so hwtilv, that the Turkes \s ere halle
disinaied But < hiefly the hoateswaine shewed hiiiisell valiant aboue the rest : for he fared
aimingst tiie Turke-. like a wocxj l.\oi\ : for there was none .if tliem that either could or durst
stand in his face, till at the la>t there came a shot from the Turkes, which brake his whistle
asunder, and smote him im the bresf, so that he fell dnwnc, l)idding them farewell, & to bc
"f good comfort, encouraging them likewise to winne praise liy death, rather then lo line
(aptiues in nii.sery and shame. Which they hearing, in deed intended to haue done, as it
appe.ired by their skirmish: hut the ])rease and store nl the Turkes was so great, that they
Kere not able long to endure, but were so oueri)resse(l, tiiat they could not wield their wea-

ponii ;

Tkf f lli.'ir .\
4'»lh ol ll.fir

lohn Foxe.

TIIAFFJQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Uil

ponn : by rca>inii whereof, tlicy mii-t iitecli be taken, which none ol them intended to haiic
bene, but rather tn haiic died ; except onely the moHtcrs mate, who xhriinke from the Hkir-
nilKh, like a notable coward, rstceming neither the vaUirc of hi* name, nor aci:ouniinj? of
the |)rcMent example of \m felloweti, nor hauing reipect to the miNerien, whcreiinto he should
be put. But in line, so it wan, that the Turk* were victor*, whereof they had no jjreat raiiKe
to reioyte, or triumph. Thett would it haue gricued any hard heart to -nee thr«ie Inlidtl-i so
\i()leiitly intrealiuf; the Christians not hauing any respect of their manhood whirh they had
lasted of, nor yet respecting their owne ntate, how they might banc met with ku( h a bootie,
an might haue giuen them the ouertbrow : but no remorse hereof, or any thing elt doth bridle
their tiert e and tiraiinous dealing, but that the Christians must needs to the gallies, to seme
in new odices: and they were no sooner in them, but their garmertts were pulled oner their
cares, and torne from their backe«t, and they set to the oares.

I will make no mention of their miseries, being now vndcr their enemies ragiir^ stripes,
I thinkc there is no man wil iiidgc their fare goixl, or their bodieti \nloden of siripi •. :inil
iiiit pestered with too much heate, and also with too much cold : but I will goe to m\ pur-
pose, which is, to shew the c/ide of those, being in meere miseric, which conliinialK doc
call on God with a stcdfusi hope that he will deliuer them, and with a sure faith that lie can
doe it.

Nigh to the citic of Alexandria, being n luuen towne, and vnder the dominion if the
Tiirkcs, there is a ro.ide, being made very fensiblc with strong wals, whereinto the 'fnrkcs
doe custonialilv bring their gallies on shoare euery yeere, in the winter season, and there doe
irimrn<' them, and lay them vp against the spring time. In which road there is a prison,
wherein ihecapliues iSc such prist)Mers as scrue in the g.-iUies, are put for all that time, \nlill
the seas be calme and passable for the gallies, euerv prisoner being most gneiiously laden
with inms on their legges, to their great paine, and sore disabling of them to any labc ur tak-
ing. Into which prison were these Christians put, .and tiist warded all the Winter scnson.
Hut ere it w.»s long, the Master and the Owner, by nicanes of friends, wert- redeemed : the
rest abiding still by the miserie, while that they were all ( through reason of tin ir ill vsagc and
wiirsc fare, miserably starued> s.iuing one lohn Fox, who (as some men > an abide harilcr and
niorc miseric. then other some tan, so can some likewise make more sliift, and worke more deuises
to hcipe their slate and lining, then other some ran doc) being somewhat skilfiill in the craft of
a Harljour, by reason thereof made great shift in helping his fare now and then with a good ineale.
Insonuicli, til at the last, (IchI sent him fauour in the sight of the keeper of the prison, so
that he had Icane to i;oe in an<l out to the ro.ad, at his pleasure, paving a certainc stipend
\nlo the keeper, and we.iring a locke about his leg : which libcrlie likewise, sixe more had
vpon like sullcrance: who Ijy rciison of their long imprisonment, not being feared or sus-
pected to Stan xside, or that thev would w<irke the 'furkes any niischiefe, had libertie to go
in and out at the sa\d road, in such maner, as this lohn Fox did, with irons on their legs,
and to relume .againeat night.

In the veere of our l.nrd l."»77. in the Winter season, the gallies happilv comniing to tlieir
accustiimed harborow, and being discharged of all their niastcs, sailcs, and other such furni-
tures, as vnto g.illics doe appertaine, and all the Masters and mariners of them being then,
nested in their owne homes: there rcmaine<l in the prison of the said road two hundred
threescore and eight Christian prisoners, who had bene taken bv the Turks force, and were
of sixteen sundry nations. Among which there were three Kiiglishmen, whereof one wa*
named lohn I'oxc ul \Vo( dbriilgc in .SulToIke, the other William Wicknev of Portsmouth, in
the Countie of Southhampton, and the third Robert Moore of Har\vi( h in the Countie of
Essex. Which lohn Fox hauing bene ihirlecne or fouretcene ycres vnder their gentle cn-
freatancc, and being ti <i too weary thereof, minding his escaiie, weighed with himselfe by
what meanes it might be brought to passe : and continual Iv pondering with himself ihercoi",
tookca goo<l heart vnto him, in hope that (Jod would not be alwaves scourging his children,
and neuerceassed to pray him to further his pretended enterprise, if that it should redound
to his glory.

Not larre from the road, and .somewhat from thence, at one side of the Citic, there was

a cer-

'['li< rnfliilimrii

vriln .III ll-iuni
iitic .McxAltdlu.

I'm.

VOYAGUS, NAlIICiATlONS.

liihn Fox.

' i

.1 rcr(;nilt' \iiliiallinK home, whiih onr I'ctcr Vniicaro hml hired, payiiiR alito a certaine fee
Miio ilic keeper of the road. Thi-" I'eier Vniicaro wax a Sp.inianl home, mid a ('hriMiian,
and iiad l)ene pri«oner about ihirlie yeere*, anil neucr prarlJM'il any meanes lo exape, hut
ke|)t hiniselle quiel withont tonth or MHpect "(" anv roni*pirai ie ; vnlill that ni.we liiix lohn
I'oxe \ninj; much thither, liiev brake one to another their minder, coni'crning tiie restraint
n| their hl>ertie and initirirtonment. So that tiiis hilin Fox at U-nxth ojiening \nto thi?* \'n-
ticaro the ih'uise whirh he would laine put in |)racliie, ntade priiiie nne more to lliit liicir
intent. \Viu( h three jlehaled of this matter at Huch tinu's* as they could comiiaiNp to nieele
toifetlier : inHoinneh, that at Hcuen wci-kc'^ ende tliev hail snllicienlly eoiuhided how the
matter HJionid hr, if it piea«ed (iod to i'arllier iheni thereto: who making l>i>c more |)riiiie
to till-, their (lelli^e, whom they thouulil they niii;ht Hal'ely trust, ileterii\ined in three nii>hu
after lo act iimpli>h (heir delii)eraie purpose. Whereupon llu- .same lohn l'"o\, and I'eler Vii-
ticaro, and the oiher si\e ap|>ointed lo nieele all toj^ether in the prison the iie\t (!a\, beiii^
Th» im-ii).. the last i|.i\ of Di'i einher : where this lohn l'o\ certilied the rest of the prisoners, what their
inieiil and denise was, and how ami when lliey minded to hrinn their purpose to nasse ; who
thereiiiiio persuaded them without nun li a doe to fiirlher llieir ileuise. Which lite same
lohn l'o\ secini;, dehucred \ nio them a sort of liles. whiili he had gathered to>;etlier lor
tins purpose, hv ilie nicanes oC I'ctcr \'niii aro, ( har>(in;; tlicin that eiicrv man should be rca-
(lie <lis( h.irncd ol his vroiis by I'inhl of the clocke on the ne.M day at nij;ht.

On the nesi ilav at ni;;ht, this said lohn Fox, and his sixe <ilher (ompanions, bein;; nil
ronic lo the house of I'eier \niic.iro, passinj; the time away in mirth tor learc ol suspect, till
ilie iiii;hi 1 .one on, so thai ii w.is lime lor them lo put in practise their deiiise, seni I'eler
N'nin aro lo ilie inasier of the ro.ide, in the name u{ one of the Masters ol tlic (ilie, with
whom this keeper was ai (piaiiiled, and al whose retpiest he .ilso would come at Ihe tirsi : who
desired him lo t.ike the paincs to nieele him there, promisiii); him, that he would brini; him
bat ke ai;.iine. 'Ilie keeper a>;reed lo j(oe with him, willini; the warders not to barrc the
i;ale, s.ivin;;, thai he wiuld not stas lonu, bin would come a^aine with all spcede.

In the incaiie »e.ison, the other seiicn li.id prntiided them ol such weapons, as ihev could );et
in lli.il lu ii-c. and lojin I'ox lookc him to an olde rustie sword blade, without either hilt or
poniell, wliich he made to scriie his nirne, in bending the hand ende ol' the .sword, in steed
of a poinell, and the other had ;;oi sue li spits .nid ){laiiies as ilie\ found in the house.

I'he keeper now biiiif; come \nlo the house, and perceiuinj; no linlil, nor lie.irin^; an\
ii()\>e, sir.nnht w.iv siispe( led the m.itter: and reliiriiiiij; backward, lohn Fox staiidini;
beliinil the corner ol the hoii.e, «tep]ied loorlh vnto him: who |ieritiiiin(; it to be lohn Fox,
•<;iide. <) l'o\, what h.uie t deseriied ol ihee, tli.it thou shouldest seeke mv de.,lli? Tin n \il-
laiiie (.(piolh Fox) hast bene a bhiodsui ker of manv a Clirisiians blood, and now thou shall
knew what thou hast deserucd at my liaiides: wherewith lie lift \p his l)ri;;lil shining sword

Wmbtt,

fjnuar;

of teiine xeeres rust, and stroke him so niaine a blowe,
a siiiuler, so

thereit iiliall his head claiie

iIkii he fell siarke de.id to the j;round Wlier( u]>on Peler N'nln .iro went in,
and icrlilicd the re-l how the case stood wilh the keejier: who came prcseiillv (oorth, and
some wilh their spits ramie him ihroiinh, :ui(l the olher ^^illl tiieir glaiues hewed him in sun-
der, ( ul oil' his head, and mangled him so, ijiat no man sliouKI disccrne wiial he was.

Th
■d

en man lied tlie\ toward llie roade, whereiiilo they entered so|||\, w

icre were six

warders, whom one of them asked, s;i\nn;. who was there.' (luo

>th I'

o\ iV his comp.inv, a

fiiendes. Wliiih when they were all within, proiied coiitr.irv : for, quoth Fox, mv masters,
here is not to euery man a man, wherefore lookc you plav your parts. Who so behaued
tliemselues in decile, that thev had ilispalclicd these sixe ipiicklv. Then lohn Fox inteiidini;
iiot to be barred of his enterprise, and niindiny lownrke surclv in that which he went about,
barred the j;;ile surelv, :iiid planted a Ciiion against it.

T lien entreil they into the (iailers lodge, where they found the keyes of the rorlres.se &:
by his bed side, and there had they .ill I'etter weapons. In this chamber was a chest.

wherein \\;is a rich treasure, a

lid

duckals, which iliis I'eter \'iiticaro, & two more.

ft J ,

opening, siuil'cd thcmi>elucs .so full m they toultl, bctwcciic their shirts and their skinne :

which

lohn For.

rnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOURRTES

which lohn Fox woiihl not once foiirh, and wytlc, that it wm hi« and their libertlr whirh he
nought Cor, to the hdiiDiir of \w God, He not to make a niarlc of the wieked irea«iire of the
Inlideljt. Yet did iho^e wordi ninkc nothing into their nioinakeH, th<v did it for n ({ood in-
tent : do did '•'.ad sane the fattest Oxen, to otter viito the Lord, and tney to xerue their owne
tiirne. Hut neiihrr di<i Saul ncaiic the wrath of (Jo<l therefore, neither had thete that thing
which thev denircd so, and did thimt after. .Snch is (JoiU iusticc. lie that they put their
trust in, todcliuer them from the tyrannous hands of their eneinicH, he (I May) couM supply
their w,\nt of necessaries.

Nowe ilie-ieeij;ht beinj,' armed with nuch weapons a* tJ.ey thought well of, thinking them-
schies sunicienl liianipions to eiicminler a strongiT eneinie, and comming vnto the prison.
Fox opened llie gales anil duores thereof, and calli<t forth all the prisoners, whom he set,
some to raniMiing \|) the gale, some to the dres.sinK vp of a eerlaine gallie, which was the l)e*t
in all the roaile, and was (ailed the caplaine of Alexaiidri.i, whereinto some caried niastes,
vailes, oares, and other mii U furniture as doth lielong vnto a gallic.

At ihc prison were certaine warder>, whom John Fox and his enm|>anie slewe; in the kill-
ing of whom, there were eight more of I'le Turkes, which percciued »hcm, and got them to
the topp.' of thr prison; vnio whom lohn Fox, avd his company, wer'' 'airic to come l)y
ladders, where tliev found a hot ikirmi-ih. For some of them were there slaine, some
wounded, and some hut scarrcil, and n<it hurl. As lohn Fox was thrise shot through his ap-
par«ll, and not hurl, I'eier Vnliiaro, and the other two, that had armed them with the
ilu( kals, were si line, as not .d)le lo weild thenisdues, heing so pestered with the weight and
vneasie caryinn ol ihe wi(ked and prophane treasure: and «!so diuertc Christians were a.*wcll
hurt about that >kirmi«li, as 'I'urkes slaine.

Amongst the I'urkes was one thrust ihorowe, who ( !'■• v^ not nay that if was ill fortune)
fell oir from the toppe of the prison wall, and made ...ui li a lowing, that the inhahitant*
thereabout (as here and there scattering stoode a house > r two) tame and dawed him, co that
thev vnd'-'rxlood the case, Iniw that the prisoners were |)aying their ranv.omes' whercwiili
the) raised lioih ;\le\.inilri.i which lay on the west side of the inade, and a Cas'le which ww
at the Cities end, next to the roailc, and also an oth.er Fortre.s-e which lay on the Northside
of the roade: so th it nov^e thev Irid no wsj tt- «.-,apt', but one, which hy m a um reason (the
two holdcs lying so \|ion the mouth of th- r. •<)'■) might Hcemc impossible to be a way for
them. So was the red sea impossii)le for ili." Israelites to passe through, the hils and rocken
lay so (Ml the one side, and their enemies ci>nipas.sed them on the other. So was it impott-
sible, thai the wals of lericho should fall downe, being neither \ndermined, nor yet rammed
at with engines, niT yet any mans wisedo.ne, pollicie, or heipe set or put thereunto. Such
impossibilities can our (iimI make ponsible. He that heldc the Lyons iawes from renting;
Daniel asunder, yea, or yet from once touching him to his hurt : can not he hold the roring
canons of this hellish forte? He that ke|)t the liers rage in the hot burning Oucn, from the
three (hildren, thai praised his name, can not he keepe the liers flaming bl,\stc« from among
hi... elect '

Now is the rcide frauglil \>ilh luslie .souldieri, l.'borers, aiiil mariners, who ate laine to
•land to their tackling, in setting to euery man his hand, some to the carying in of \ictuaN,
s(mie muniti(ms, some oares, and some one thing, .sonu ;:rother, but most arc keeping their
eiiemie from the wall of the ro.id. But to be short, tlare wa' no time mispcnf, no man idle,
nor any mans labour ill bestowed, orinvaine. So ihat in short time, this gaily was ready
trimmed vp. Wliereinto euery man leaped in all haste, hoyssing vp the sayles lustily, yeeld-
ing themselues to his mercie and grace, in whose hands are boih winde and weather.

Now is this gaily on Hole, and out of the safetic of the roade: now haue the two Castles
full power \pon the gaily, now is there no remedy but to siiike: how can it b*; auoided?
The < anons let flie from both sides, and the gaily is euen in the middest, and betwcene
them both. What man can deuisc to sane it? there is no man, but would thinke it roust
needes be suiike.

There was not one of thciu that feared the shotte, which went tltundring routui about their
VOL. II. K k care.

a4!>

;i't

\>\

%:^W

250

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

lohn Fox.

3 • '. ■ r , '

^ Ml

ill,

Fitrfmit) cf

Ichri Fni Kii
swii'il ftr |iT as
mori,inf r I in
OaHj|j<jli.

pares, nor yet were once scarred or toiulieJ, with fine & forty shot, which came from the
Castles. Here did God hold foorth his biuklcr, he shieldcth now this Rally, and hath tried
their faith to the vttermost. Now commclh his spcciall helpc: yea, eucn when man thinks
them past all helpc, then commeth he himsclfc downe from heauen with his mishtie power,
then is his present remcdie most readie prest. For they saile away, beinj; not once touched
with the glannce of a shot, and are quickly out of the Turkish canons reach. Then mi;;ht
tliev see them comminj; downe hv hcapes to the water side, in companies like vnto swarmes
of bees, making shew to ((iine alter them with i>allies, in biisthnj; thcmseUies to dresse vp
the ^allies, which would be a swift pcece of worke for them to doe, for that thev had neither
oares, mastes, sailes, nalile*, nor any thing else ready in any gaily. But yet they are cary-
ing them into tlieni, some into one !;ally, and some into another, so that, being such a con-
fusion amongst them, without any certaine guide, it were a thing impossible to ouertake
them: beside iliat, there was no man that would take charge of a gallv, the weather was so
rough, aid there was such an ainasediu-s aaiontrst them. And verciv 1 tliinke their God was
am.ised thereat; it could not be but he must blush for shame, he can speakc ncuer a word
for duliu'x, nnu!) lesse c.ui he heipe ihem in vucli an cxiremitie. Well, howsoeuer it is, he
is very much to bianie, to suiler them to rcceiue such a gibe. Hut howsoeuer their God be-
liaued himselle, our God shewed liiinselfe a Ciod indcede, and that he was the onelv lining
God: for the seas were swilt vnder his faithfull, which m dc the enemies agast to behold
them, a skill'idler IMot leades them, and their mariners bestirre them lustily : but the Turkcs
had nei;her marinei's, i'ilot, nor aiiv skilfull Master, that was in a re.ulinessc at this |)inch.

When the Christians were xal'e out of the enemies coast, lohn Fox called to them ail, will-
ing them to be thankfull vnto almighty (Jnd for their deliuerie, and most humblv lo fall
downe vpon their knees, beseeching him to aide them vnto their friends land, and not ti>
bring them into an other daunger, siih hce h;ul most mightily dcliuered them from so great a
thraldome and bondage.

Th, > when euerv man had made his petition, thev fell straight wav to their labour with
the oarcs, in helping one another, when they were wearied, and with gre.it labour striiiing
to come to some Christian land, as neere as they could gesse by the slarre-. But the windes
were so diuers, one while driuing them this way, another while that wnv that they were now
in a newe ma/c, tliinkinii ihit Gnd had for» iken them, and left them to a greater danger. Ami
forasmuch as there were no victuals now left in the gallv. it might haue beene a cause to
them (if they had beenc the l-raelites) to haue murmured against their God: hut they knew
how that their (Jod, who h.nl deliuered them out of .Fgypt, was such a louingand merciful!
Gi'd, as that hce wiuld not -iiHer them to be confoiutded, in whom he had wrrught so gre.it
a wonder: hut what <alamitie soeuer they sustained, they knew it was but for their further
triall, and wlso (in [xiliirig them in mind of their farther miserie) to cause them not to
triumph and glorv in themsclues iheielore, llauing (I say) no victuals in the gallv, il miijlii
seenie that one miserie contiiuiallv lei \ pon an others neck: but lo lie hriele, llie (jiuiiu
grew to be so gnat, that in 'JS (la\c», \\herein they were on the sea, there died eight i)er-
.sons, to the asloni-hment of all the rest.

So it lell out, thit vpon the 'i\i dav, after thev set from .Mexandria, they fell on the Me
of Candie, and lande<l at Ciallipoli, where ihey were made mu< h of by the .Mihot and Monks
there, who caused them to stay there, whih they were well refreshed and ea^cd. They k

" there the ■•wonlc, wherewith lohn Fox had killed the ke

lewell, ai

(I hur

It V|>

for

y kept
eper, esteeming it as a most pre ioiis

a monument.

When ihey thought go( (I, hauiiig leaue to depart from thence, they savled along the
coast, till they arriued at Tarenlo, where they >ol(le their g.illie, and deiiivled if, euerv in;iii
hauiii;! a part thereof. The Turkcs receiuing so shnniefnll a loile .it their hand, pursued ihe
Chri-lians. and scoured the se.is. wlicrc lliev ( ( iiid in .igiiie that ihev had In nl their c( uinc.

And the Christians h.id ilei):irted from thence on t le one dav in ihe n

if t c fi

iiid seinri

il-

ir ( s ( aine

thither lh;il iiinht, as it was ci'riilied li\ those wIkj ((llowed F''ox, and

his cumpaiiie, tearing le.ist thev should iiaue bene met v\ith. And then they came a foote

piiol
\[

Coul

IIKII

takil
hiinl
ciiail

ohn Fox.

from the

lath tried

mn thinks

if power,

touched

cii mi);ht

".warmcs

dresse vp

ad neither

[ire cary-

luch a ron-

(> oiicrtakp

her was no

ir Gotl was

uer a word

r it is, he

r God he-

inely liiiini;

t to behold

the Tiirko

lis pinch.

?in ail, will-

il)iv to (all

and not t.'

n so great a

labour with
our striuins;
t (he vs'indes
ey were now
.laii;;er. Ami
' a cause to
lit ihcy kiicNs'
nd nu'ri'ifiii!
ijjhl so <;rc.it
their fiirlluT

them noi tn
illv, It init,'lii
, llic Limine
d i'ii;l)I [KT-

I on llie F-le

)t and Monks

Tiiey k! |)t

nost prc'ii II!-

cd alon;; the
t, eut'ry nuni
pnr>.ne<l ihe
their (( iiino.
id »encn sal-
ved Fox, and
( auie a (note
to

John Fox-

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

«!il

to Naples, where they departed a sunder, euery man taking him to his next way hoine.
From whence lohn Fox tooke his iourney vnto Rome, where he was well entcrtayned of an
Englishman, who presented his worthy dccde vnto the Pope, who rewarded hin» liberally,
and j>aue him his letters vnto the king of Spainc, where he was) very well entertained of hint
there, who for tliis liis most worthy enterprise gauc him in fee twentic pence a day. From
whence, being desirous to come into his ownc countric, he came thither at such time as he
cnniieniently could, which was in the yeerc of our Lordc God, 1579. Who being come
into England, wciit vnio the Court, and siiewed all his trauell vnto tiic Counccll: who con-
sidering of the slate of this man, in that hee had spent and lost a great part of his youth in
thraldomc and bondage, extended to him their libcralitie, to heipe to inaintaine him now in
age, to their right honour, arid to the incouragemcnt of all true hearted Christians.

The copic of the certificate for lohn Fox, and his companie, made by the Prior, and
the brethren of Gallij)oli, where they (irst landed.

WE the Prior, and Fathers of the Couent of the Amerciates, of the city of Ciallipoli,
of the order of Preachers doe testifie, tliat vpon the 2!) of lanuary last past, 1517, there
came into tiic said citie a certaine gaily from Alexandria, taken from the Turkes, with two
hundreth fiftie and eight ('hristians, whereof was ])rincipal Master lohn Fox, an Englishman,
a guinier, and one of the chiefest tliat did accomplish that great worke, whereby so many
Christians haue recouercd their liberties. In toiien and remembrance wiiereof, vpon our
earnest reiiuest to tiie same lohn Fox, he hath left here an oldc swordc, wherewith he slewe
liie keeper of the prison: which sword we doc as a monument and memoriall of so worthy a
detde, hang \p in the ehiefe place of our Couent house. And for becaine all things afore-
<.\'h\, are sueii as wc will testifie to be true, as they are orderly passed, and haue tiiereCore
good credite, that so much as is abouc expressed is true, and for the more (aith thereof, we
the Prior, and I'athers aforesaide, haue ratified and subscribed these presents. Geiien in Gal-
lip<ilv, the third of Fcbniarie 1577.

I Frier Viiuent 15.irl)a, Prior of the .same j)lacc, conlirme the premisses, as they arc

aboiie written.
I I'rier Albert Dainaro, of (iallipoK , Subprior. conlirme as much.
I Frier Anthony I'elleler of (ialli|)olv, ediilirinc as aforesaid.
I Frier Ilirtleinew of Gallipoly, conlirme as ab(nie said.
I Frier Francis of Gallipoly, conlirme as much.

The Rishop of Rome his letters in tiie bclialfe of lohn Fox.

RE it knowen vnto all men, to whom tiiis \.riting sliall eome, that the bringer hereof lojui
FoK l^nglishiiian, a (iiinn.'r, after he had seracil captiue in the Turkes gallies, by the .sp.ice
of louritceiie vecres, at length, thoreugh (Jod iiis hel|)e, taking good oportu.iilie, the third
of laiuiarie la>t p.ist, slew the keejier of the prison, (whom he tirst stroke on the fact^ to-
gether with llure and tweiitie other Turkes, bv the assislai'ce of his fellow prisoners: and
with 'ititi. ('hristians (,of whose libertie he was theaiitli(irl launched from Alexandria, and
from theiiee arriued lirst ;it liallipoly in Candle, and aiicrwardes al Tarento in Apulia : the
\\ritlen testimony and indite of whidi things, as .ilso of niiicrs, the same lohn Fox hath in
pul)like tablis from N.iples.

\'pon l'.;:sier cue he i aine to Rome, and is now determined to take his iourne\ to ihe Spanish
Court, hoping there to obtaine Miine reliefc toward his lining: wherefore the poore distressed
man humbly bcscechetli, aiut we in his behalfe do in the bowels of Chri^l, desire voii, that
taking compass'on of his lormer ca|)tiiiilie, and present penurie, you doe not onely snfl'er
him freely ti passe throughout all vour ciiies and townes, Init also succour him with vour
charitable almes, the reward whtniof vou shall hereafter most assuredly receiue, which wc

K k '.i hone

, i

»*'

252

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

tohn Fox.

TTk »oy»(f of

loieph Clc-nrnts
to Cor.llantir.o*

,.u.

The fint vi'vije
of M. Wilhatn
Hifborne to
Coutantitiuplc

hope you will afford to him, whom with tender affection of pitie wee commende vnto you. At
Rome, theSOofAprill 1577.

Thomas Grolos Enjjlishman Bishop of Astraphen.

Richard Silleum Prior Angliae.

Andreas Liidouicus Re^jisfer to our Soueraigne Lord the Pope, which for the greater credit

of the premises, haiie set my scale to these presents. At Rome, the day and yeere

aboiie written.
Mauricius Clement the gouernour and keeper of the Ei.glish Hospitall in the citie.

The King of Spaine his letters to the Lioiitenant, for the placing of lohn Fox in the

office oi' a Gunner.

TO the illuxfrious Prince, Ve'^pa^ian Gonsaga Colonna, our Lieutenant and CaptaineGe>
nerail of dur Kc.ilmc of Valenlia. Hauiiig toiisidcration, that lohn Fnx Englishman hath
serueJ \>, and was one of the most princip^ill, whirh tookc aw;iy from the Turkes a certainr
gallic, uhi( h ihcy haiie brought to Tarento, wherein were two huiidred, tiftie. and eight
Chrintian raptiues: we licence him to ))ractisc, and giiie him the oflire of a Gunner, and
haue (ird.iined, that he goe to our said Realme, t''"re to seme in the said office in the Gallic,
which by our commandetnent are lately made. And we doe commaund, that you cause lo
be payed to him eight ducats pay a moneth, for the time that he shall seriie in the saide Gal-
lies as a Gunner, or till we can otherwise prouide for him, the saide eight duckats mniiethlv
of the money which is already of our prciusion, present and to come, and to haue rcgardc ui
those which come with him. From Escuriall the tenth ol August, 1577.

I the King.

luan del Gado.
And vnder that a confirmation of the Coimcell.

The renuinn and increasing nf an ancient and commodious trade vnto diuerse
places in the Lcuant sca-j and to the chicfc-t partes of all the great Turks domi-
nions, by the incanes ol the Ki;;ht worsh. ritizcns Sir Edward (><burnc '' Iderman,
and M. Kichard .Stapcrniarihant of London.

THis trade into the Lcuant (as is before mentioned, pai<e 96 of this present volume, where-
unto I referrc the Reader) was \cry v-uall and much frequented from the yeere of our Lord
ir>l I, till the yeere 1534, and afterward also, though not s<i commonly, vntitl the veere l;)oO,
when a- the harke .Auiher Muler the < niidui t ofM. Ho^er Bodenham made a prosperous voy-
age vnto Sicilia, Candia, .Sio, .ind other |, lares within the Lcuant Since which time the foresaid
trade (notwithsranding the Grand Si-niors ample priuilc'je L;raiifed to M. Anthony lenkenson
li>53, and the stroi'g and weightv i»»asons ol Ga«ji,ir Campion for that pur|)iv»e) was vtterl\
discontinued, and in rnainT quite I rgotten, as if it hail neuer bene, for ?he space of 'M
yeares and more. Howbeit the di-crcet;- and worthv citizens .Sir lulward (>>l»>riie and M.
Richard St.ipcr -eriously <'onsidering what bcnefite might grow to the (ommon wraith by
reniiinu of the foresaid discontinued tr.idc, to the inlaiging of her Maiesties customes, the
furiheting of nauigation, the venting of diuerse generall rominodities of this Kcalme, and the
inrii liing of the citie of I.ond<in, determined to vse some effectuall meanes for the ree: , h-
lishinu and aigmcnfing ihercol.

Wherefore about ilie veere \'.)'i!} the foresaid R.W. marchantsal their charges and expenses
sent Io!in Wight and loseph Clements by the way of P( land to Coiista finople, where the
said loseph remained 18 inonethes to procure a safe conduct from the gr.ind S'u'nior. for M.
William Harbornc, then factor for Sir Edward Osborne, to haue free acce.sse into his Highnes
doniininns, and obtaineil the same.

Which btisincsse alter two veres chargeable frauell and suit being accomplished, the sayil
M. Harborne the first of luly 1578 dej>artcd from London by the sea to Hamburgh, and

thence

'ohn Fox.
you. At

ater credit
and yeere

citic.
n the

ptaine Gc
iinnn hath
a certaiiir
ami eight
tinner, and
lie CallicM,
oil caiisf to
e saide Gai-
ts monethlv
e regarde nf

• Coiinccll.

(liuerse
s donii-
crman,

Jiinw, where-
of our Lord
' veere l."):;0,

ispcroiH VI 'y-
; the tbrc»aicl
ny lenken.son
) was vlterK
spare of '2t)
erne and M.
m wealth by
ii'-ldmes, the
alme, and the

• the reci.. b-

and expenses
:•, where the
L'nior, lor M.
i> his Highnes

hed, thf !-avd

iiiiburgh. and

thenrr

The Turks Letters.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

«68

thence accompanied with loaeph ClomentH his guide and a seniant, he trauailed to Leopolis
in Poland, and then apparelling himseife, Iiis guide, and hisseruant after the Turkish fashion
(hauinu' Jirst obteyned the king of Poland his sffe conduct to passe at Camienijecz the fron-
tier towne of his dominions next vnto Turky) by good means he obteined fauour of one
Acmet Chaus the Turks ambassadour then in Poland, and readie to returne to Constantino*
pie, to bee receiucd into his coinpanic and carouan. And so the fourth of September 1578
he departed with the said Acmet from Leopolis in Poland, and trauelling through Muldauia,
Valachia, Bulgaria, and Romania, gratifying the Voiauodes with certaine courtesies, he ar-
riued at Constantinople the 28 of October next insuing. Where he behaued himseife so wisely
and discreetely, that »vithin few monelhs after he obtained not onely the great Turkes large
and ample priuiledge for himseife, and the tv;o worshipfull persons aforesaid, but also pro-
cured his honourable and friendly letters vnto her Maiestie in maner following.

The letters sent from the ImperiaM Musulmanlike highnessc of Zuldan Murad Can,
to the sacred regall Maiestie of Elizabeth Queene of England, the fifteenth of
March 1579, contcyning the grant of the first priuileges

IN grealnes and glory most renowmed Elizabeth, most sacred Queene, and noble prince
of the most mightie worshippers of lesus, most wise gouernor of the causes and affaires of
the people and family of Nazareth, cloud of most pleasant rainc, and sweetest fountaine of
noblencsse and vertiie, ladic & heire of the perpetuall happinesse & glory of the noble
Kealme of England (whom all sorts seekc vnto and submit themselues) we wish most pros-
perous successe and liappie ends to all your actions, and do oticr vnto you such pleasures and
curtesies as are worthy of ourmutuull and elernall familiaritie : thus ending (as best besecm-
eth vs) our former salutations.

In must friendly maner we giuc you to vnderstand, that a certaine man hath come vnto vs
ill the name of your most excellent Kegall Maiestie, commending vnto vs from yon all kind-
nesse, cunesie and friendly olTires on your part, and did humbly require that our Impcriali
h'ghnegM- Moiild vouchsafe to giue icaue and liberiie to him and vnto || two other merchants |Th<!>iira
of vi'iir kmgdome, to resort hither and returne againe, and that by way of traffike they might '"'!^'',^'''
be sutiered to trade hither with their ^oods and merchandizes to our Impenali dominions, md m. Rkhud
and ill like sort to make their returne. S"t*'-

Our Mately Court and Countrey hath beene euer open for the accesse both of our enemies
and friends. But because we are informed that your most excellent Regall Maiesty doth
abou'id with good will, humanitie, & all kind of louing afl'ectioii towards vs, so much the
rather shall the same our Countrey be alwayes open to such of your subiecis, as by way of
merchandize shall trade hither : and we will neuer faile to aide & succor any of them that are
or shal be willing to esleeme of our friendship, fauour, & a.ssistance : but will reckon if some
part of ourdiitie to ^ratifie them by all good meanes. And forasmuch as our Imperiall hi<>h-
nesse is -men to vnderst.md that your most excellent Regall Maiestie doth excell in bountie
Si curtc'-ie, we thcrfore haiie sent out our Imperiall commandement to all our kings, iudges,
and traiiellers by sea, to all our Captaines and voliMitarie seafaring men, all condemned per-
sons, and ollicew "f Ports and customes, straightly rharijing and ccmmanding them, that Mich
foresaid persons as shall resort hither by sea from the Healine of England, either with great
or Binall vessels to trade by way of marchandize, may lawfully come to our imperiall Domini-
ons, and freely returne home againe, and that no man shall dare to molest or trouble them.
And if in like sort ihey shall come into our dominions by land, either on foote or on horse-
backe, no man shall at any lime withstand or hinder them: but as our familiars and confe-
derates, the Frenth, Venetians, Polonians, and the || king of Germany, with diuers '-therour
neis^hbours about v«, haue libertie to come hither, & to returne againe into their own" coun-
trcys, in like sort the marchants of your most excellent Hegall Maiestieskinudome shall haue
safe «oiuluct and leaue to repayre hitherto our Imperiall dominions, and so to returne againe
into iht ir own Country : straightly charging that they be suffered to vse and trade all kind of
narcl.andize ai« any other Cbribtians doe, without let or disturbance of any.

Therefore

It Ht c.illtth thf
iirrm^inf tin*

ill i

I' '''II

flh- 1\

' It

254

VOYAGES, NAL'IGATIONS,

The Q. LcUers.

' )•

laUi

^^r

Tr.rTiukr.lf.
miirtilh likf
pri.iilrgc5for
his iul)irit5 in
the Qurrnca

Therefore when these our Impcriall letters shall be brought to your most excellent Rcfiall
Maiesiio, it shall bcincet, arcordinp; In <inr hcupuolence, humanity, and familiarity towards
voiir most excellent M.iiosiy, that ymi iikmvise hethinke your selfe of your like beneuolence,
hiiniar.itie and friendshippc towards vs, to open the gate thereof vnto vs, and to nouriah by
all <;nod meanes this kiiuincsse aiul friendship : and that like libertie may be granted by your
Hij;hnesse to oiu" subieris and merchants to come with fiieir merchandizes to your dominions,
either bv sea with their ship-;, or by land with their wagons or horses, and to returne
home a^aine: and that vein- most excellent Regall Maiestie do alwayes declare your hu-
inanitic, good will, and friendship towards vs, and alwaycs keepc open the dorc thereof
vnto vs.

'iiucn at our citie of Constantinople the fifteenth day of March, and in the yeere of our
must holy I'rophct Mahomet t| 9S7.

The answere of her Maiestie to the aforesaid Letters of the Great Turke, sent the
y.'» of October 1571), in the Prudence of London by Master Richard Stanley.

I'.I.I/AlilU'ilA Dei Icr niaximi, & vnici coeli terrjeq; Coiulitoris gratia, Anglia;, Francia-
tV llihcrni.i" retina, fidei C'hristianfe contra omnes onminm inter Christianns degcntium, <!v,
Clu'i^li i;nnicn lal-c prolitcnliinn Idulolatrias inui<'tissiina i!v: potentissima Defensairix, aui;ns-
li-simo, iiiiiic li-siin6<iue principi Sultan .Murad Can, Turcici regni dominalori potentissiiiu),
lin|)trii(i; micntis, .\Ionar<h;e supra oinncs soli & supremo, salute, & multos cum reriun op-
liinaiii allhicnlia ttrlices, & fortunatos annos. Augustissime & inuictissime Ca['sar, n.-cei)iiniis
innidissini.T t'li-sarea! \estr;e celsitudinis literas, die decimoquinto Mariij currentis anni ad
nns siri])las ('on-laniiii')poli, ex quibus intclligimus (juam benisjiic quanu); clementer, liicni'
siippliics qua- Ca'-.iiea" vc-tr,e ( cisiiudini a quodam subdilo iiostro (iuilieitno Ilareborno i,,
Iniperiali CeNitiulinis veslra[" ciuitate ("onstantinopoli commoranle otierebanlur, litem- pro-
fertionis j)ro sc ^-t s. ciis eius duobiis hominibus mercatoribus subditis nostris cv:. merciijus
unis ad tcnas diiionesq; Imperii) vesiro subiectas tam per mare quiVn per terras, indi'q; rc-
ucrsionis \cniii' potcstnli^ij; huniiiiiniam roinplexa- ])etitionem, ah imiirti^sinia vestra Cii'-.arca
celsiludine, acccplip fnerunt. Ncq; id sdliiin, scd qu-un niira cum l.icililjlc, digiiaq; au<4ii<-
lissima Ca-sjirea clcmcnli:i, (\iuhI eral in diclis Uteris supplicibns positum, ei socijsq; siii»
donaium iSj cuncesHum fiiii, pro ca, vli \idctiir, solum ■ pinione, quam de nobis, & nosiri
amicitia vc~fra ccKiiudo cnncepit. Quod singularc benelicium in dictos subdilos n(Kiro>
ciillatiim tam urati^ l.nnq
agente*^. \ habciilcs i;rali

ralionc.. pniq; ea (pi im n>i!>is inscuit tcr maxinius nuindi tiionarc ha Dens (per quern iV cu-
ius au-pici|s regnamus' naiur.K- bonitate, qua remotissirnas ik s esse voluit, \.' alihorrentrs ah
ingralitiidinis oinni \t'l minima sus])itione, docuilij; luillorum vnquam \t priniipinn, vllis In
nos nu'riti.-. nos sincre:nu«. \inci, aut sn]>eniri, vl apiid in^rata n principem tantum benelic imn
ilej)osuisse, se ve-.ira Celsiindo existimet. Proptereaij; aiiimuiu no-tnun inprr^eniiarum vr-
•ilne celsiliidini emeiimtir, bene seniirndo it pravlicandc, quanlopcrc'nos dbstrictas benelii';
huius ill subdilos uostros collati piilemiis nicmoria s(Mn])ilcrn;'i : loiii;('^ vlietiiTcm, iS: amplic-
rcm uralitiulinis crga vcslrain (cl-ilndiiiein nosir.r le^tili( alioncin (laliir.i', (inn tempora iiid-
dcnl, vl possiimiN iV a imMs de^idcnibiMir. Qnnniam aulem iiii.r luwiris |)an(issub<lili'', e.'i(|:
xuis ipsi riini prc( ibiis, sine \\\:\ inlcrccssinne niwlia com es-a dunaliii e»t, in .ecpie libera |«)t<'.
slate ■-il.i e^t adenines terras diiii.iKsc]; Iiiiperio xcsiro subiei i:is, cunt mercibiis -uis taiti pir
tttarc quam per Ictras curdi cV rcdciindi, a!(|; iniiicli'-^iiii.i- Ca'^arcT \estni' ('clsiiiidinis ."(nirn -
ikrali-, (iaili-i, I'oUniis, v'cneli-, alq; adco re^is Itdinaiicnnn siibdilis larglla \tiqtiint aul di -
iiai.i fiiit, celsiiiidiiieiit vesiram rogamits tie lam "-ingnlaris beneliceniia" laiis in lain allgtl^Il^
icriniiiis duoriim aut Iriuin hoiMiitiim Cdttcludalnr, scd ad vnittersos subdilos iiosiros dillii-,i,
propaualaipie, celsiuiilini'i ves|ra> hcitcliciiiitt e('» rcddat augiisliiis, (pio eiusdcm donatio lalii'is
j)alel)it, \: ad pliircs periiiu'hit Ciiius tam sjngiilatis in nns benelicij tneriluin, eo crit cci^i-
tudini \e^ir.T niiiiuv pn'tiitcnditm, (p,o siml ti-crccs ill.-e, quibiis rc^iia nostra abiind.int. &
. alinrum priiitipu ditioues egeiit lam hiimatiis \sibii, cidnmoda; tamq; ncccssario.-, nulla gcit«

jcnciinli'" accepimiis (tnavimas cclsiiudini vestr.T jtrnpterea i^-
I tttillo vt vnquam paiieimir tempore, jiro faitiltaltim iKistrariim

The Q. Letlers.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

855

ent Rc;'all
Ity towards
Ineuolence,
Jnourish bv
led by your
Idominions,
Ito refiirni'
your hii-
lire thereof

eere of our

flit the
(ley.

■T, Fraiifia-

[gcnfiiim, \

irix, aii^iis-

iitcntissiiiKi,

11 rcriim op-

n:c'cpiniii>

'litis aiiiii ad

cntrr, litcni'

larcl)()rno i,.

litt'r.T pro-

,". nicrriliii'.

, iiult'q; rc-

•stra C;esaiT:i

;iia(]; aiiijii^-

s(icijs(|; Mii-

ibis, & iiosliM

idilos iiostHK

])r('ptcrca iV

nil iiDstrariiin

qiiciii iV (11-

ilidrrriitr- ali

i|)Min, \llis in

111 b«MU'fi( iiHii

.rnlianiin vc-

itas bciU'(i( i;

n, iSl amplii'-

rmpora imi-

•iiibdili", VM\:

II' libera \y<Mf

i -iii-i tain ]i( r

luliiiis ('(iiilii-

riiiiiii aul (|i -

tain aMJ;ll^lN

iKlros iliflii«.i,

donatio latii'is

CO crit (cl-ii-

abiiiulaiit, I'c

X, nulla ;,'C'ii«

vt sit, quaseiscarere queat, proptereaq; longissimis, difficillitnisq; itineribus conquisifis noii
veliementer gaudeat. Carius aiitem distrahunt alijs, quo ex labore suo quisq; victiim &
quae'itum quasritat, adeo vt in eariim acquisitione vtilitas, in emptione ?"4tem ab alijs onus sit,
Vtilitas celsitudinis vesfra: subditis augebitur liberS hac paucorum nostroruin hominum ad
terras vestras profectione : onusminuttur, profectionis quorumcunque Hubditorum nostroruni
donatione. Accedet praeterea quae k nobis in celsitudinis vestrae subditoa proliciscetur, par,-
ffiqiiaqiie mcrcium excrcendarum libertas, quoties & quando voluerint ad regna domini -q;
nostra mcrcatiirae gratia acccdere. Quam celsitudini vestrae pollicemur tarn ainplam IaiC'»ii j
pafentem fore, quam est vlla a ccnfcEderatorum vestrorum vllis principibus antcdictis, regibua
videlicet Komanorum, Gallorum, Polonorum, ac repiiblica Vcneta, celsitudinis vestrae subditis
vllo vnquam tempore concessa & donata. Qua in re si honestae petitioni nostr.x' inuirtissiina
CiEsarea vestra cclsitiido dignabitur auscultare, faci^tque vtacceptis no^tris Uteris intelligamus
gratiim n^ habitura sit quod ab ea contendimus & rogamus, ea proposita pra'stit.ique secu-
ritate, qua; subditos nostros quoscunque ad dominia sua, terra, marique proiiciscentcs, indeq;
reucrtentes tiitos & sccuros reddat ab omni quorumcunque subditorum suorun; initiria, effi-
cicmus, vt <iiu« Dcus opt. max. in regna dominiaq; nostra contulit rommoda (quae tain sin-
giilaria Mint, uninium vt |)riiicipuiii aiiimos pelliceant ad ainicitiaiii, suinmasq; necc'^.situdinis
ciiniunctioiieni nobi-.ciiin coiitrahciuiam, staliiliendumque quo liberius tantis suinini Dei bc-
neHcijs I'ruantur, quibus carcre ncqueunt) nostri subditi ad regna dominiaquc Celsitudinis
vestm; aduehant tarn adiiiontcr fiimque cumulate, vt vtn'que incoinitioilo pr.Tdicto necessitatis
& oiieris |>lenissimi; succiirratur. Facit pr;cterei\ »ingularis ista CeNitudinis vcsirx' in nos
(iciiii'iiique nostram suiniii;L' bencuolentifc signilicafio ac fides, vt eandem, in causain quo-
ruiidam siibdituruin iiosironini, qui captiui trireinilius vestris dctincntur, intcrpellcmus, ro-
gemiisqiii', vt qiioniain riiillo in ceNitudinem vcstram pcccato suo, siu»^ arma in earn Ic'rcndo,
siiit^ iiii(|uius pr.xlcr fas & ins gentium se gerendo in suos subditos, in banc calamitatem in-
cidciint, soluii vinciilis, & libertatedonati, nobis pro sua fide & oI>sequio inscruicntcs, causam
vbcriorcin jira-bcaiit vestrae Celsitudinis in nas humanitatem praedicandi: it Deuin ilium, qui
s<ilus, & supra omnia I'v: omnes est accrrimus idololatriae vindicator, suique lionoris contra Gen-
tium & aliorum falsos Deos Zclotes, pnecabimur, vt vestram iiiuictissimam Cacsaream Celsi-
tuilinein omni bealilate coruin dunorum forlunet, quae sola & .suinm^ iurc merito hubentur
desidenitissima.

Data- i; Hegia nostra Grcnnuici, prope ciuitaiem nostram Londinum, quintodecimo
Meii'iis Octobris, Anno lesu Christi Saluatoris nostri Ib'i'J, Kcgiii vcro nostri vicesimo
primo.

The same in English.

ELi/abctb by the grace of tiie most niightie (lod, and oiicly Creafour of heauen and earth,
of iMiglaiul, France anvi Ircl.ind liuceiu', the most iiiuiiicible and most iiii!>hty defender of
the Clirisiiaii f.iiib a;;aiiist ail kinde t>f idolatries, of all tli;it line among the Cliristiaiis, ami
fully [irofisse the N.iini! ol Christ, vnto the most Iniperiall and most iiiuiiuiblc jiriiicc, Zul-
(lan Murad Can, the most miyblie ruler of tiie kingdoine of 'furkii', sole and aboue .ill, and
most soiicreigne .\Ionar( li of the fast limpire, greeting, and many happy and fortunate
veirc's, with abiindaiKe of the best things.

M(!st Imperiall anil most iniiincible lunpcroiir, wee liaue rc.ciiicil the letters of your niightie
bighiics.se written to vs from Cust.inlinople the fifleentli dav of March liiis present vere, where-
b\ we viuierstaiid liuw graliously, and how f.uiourablv f.e humble petitions of one William
Hareborne a subieit of ours, re-ideiit in the Imperial ( itie of vour higbiies presented \nto
your Maieslie for the obteining of aecesse for him and I'vo other .Marchaiits more of his com-
pany our siibiects also, to come with marehandi/.es tmiii bv sea and I. mil, to the coiintrcis
and lerritnries siiliiect to your goucrnment, and from tlienre a;4aine to returnc home with
good le.iue and libertie, were accepted of your most inuiiicible Imperiall highiiesse. and not
tluit oiiely, but with an extraordin.irie speed and worthy your Imperiall grace, that whidi was
craned by petition was granted to him. and his company in regard oiiely (as it srcmeth) oi

ill,.!

( -I

■1 iwr "

:.)f»

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

'Ihe Q. Leltm

(1 '1

I )

I i I

.1/.

•'K'i

ih.it opinion which your, liighnesse coiicpiiicd of vs and ouramilie: which singular benefit
iIdiic to (i\ir atore«aid !.ul)icct», wee fake so thankefully, anil in so good part (yeelding for flic
«ainc oiu- greatest thanks to your highnc^se) that we will ncuer giue occasion to your said
!iip.hnesse ^ according as time, and the respect of our aflfaires will permit) once to thinke so
jijii at a pleasure bestowed vpon an vngratefull Prince. For the Almighty God, by whom,
iiid by whose grace we reigne, hath planted in vs this goodncasc of nature, that wee detest
.*iid aljhorre the least suspition of ingratitude, and hath taught vs not to suffer our selues to
hfi' ouermatched wilii the good demerits of other Princes. And therefore at this time wee
iloe cxtendc our good minde vnto your highnesse, by well conceiuing, and publishing also
abroad, liow much we repute our sclfe bound in an euerlasting remembrance for fiiis good
pleasure to our Subicrts, meaning to yeelde a much more large and pientifull testification of
our tliankcruliicsso, when time conuenient shall fall out, and the same shall bee looked for at
our handes.

But whereas tliat graunt which was giucn to a fewe of our Subiects, and at their onely re-
quest without any intercession of ours, standeth in as free a iibertic of comming and goinj;
(o and from nil the lands and kingdoms subiect to your Maiestie, both by land & sea with
man liinidizcs, as euer was granted to anv of your Imperiall highnesse confederates, as namely
to llic I'leiu li, the I'olonians, the Venetians, as also to the subiects of the king of the Romanes,
wee desire of vour highnesse that the commendation rf such singular conrtesie may not bee
so narrowly restrained to two or three men onely, but may be iiilarged to all our subiects in
i;ener.ill, that thereby your highnesse goodnesse may appeare the more notable, by reason of
ihe gr.Hiniini; of liie same to a greater number of persons. The bestowing of which so sin-
uul.ir abenelit your highnesse shall so much the lessc repent you of, by howe much the more
(it and lucessary for the vse of man those commodities are, wherewith our kingdomes ddc
ibouiul, and the kingdomes of other princes doe want, so y there is no nation that can l)p
wiilioul them, but are glad to conic bv them, although by very long anddiflicult trauels; niu'.
when tlicy haue tliem, thev .sell them much deerer to others, because eucrv man seeketh to
make ])rolite by his labour: so that in the getting of them there is profit, but in the buying
ijf tlicm from others there is l(i.sse. But this profite will be increased to tlie siil)ie( Is of your
highnesse by this I'ree arre-se of a few of our subie( Is to your domininns, as also the tossc
and biinlen wilhe eased, 1)\ the pern)is,i()n of gencrall ai ( esse to all our people. And fur-
thermore we will trraiiMt as eijiiall and as free a liberlie to the subiects of your highnesse with
vs for the vse ol tratVuiiie, when they wil and as often as they wil, to come, and go to and
from \s ami our kini^doiiics. Whic h Iibertic wee promise to your highnesse shalbe as ample,
and as lar>;e as any was euer giiien or granted to your subiects bv the al'oresaiile princes Noiir
confederals, as n.imeiv (he king of the Romanes, of rraiitc, of Poland, and the comnKui
wealth of Venice. In which matter, if your most inuinrible Imperiall hig'uiessc shall \omiIi-
safc to iiiclin" to our rcas( nable re(]uest, and shall t;iiie order vpon these our letters, that wee
may haiic knowledge how the same is aicejited of you, and whether it wiliie t:raiiled, with
-iillicieiit seciiritie (or our subiects to go, and retunie s.ile ami se( urc Inini all violetnes .md
miiirics of \oiir people, we on the other side wil ijine order, that lluse Kinmodilics winch
.\linightv (iod hath Ixstowed vpon our kingdomes (whii h are iii deed so eviellent, that hv
reason of them all priM( es .ire dr.iwen tocnlir, ami (oiilirme Iciyiies of amitie and ^ood
neighborhood with vs, by thai ineanes to eiiiov these so great blessings of (Jod, which wehaue.
111(1 llie\ (an in no case want) our subiects ^!■,all bring them so abundanllv and plentifullv |n
the kingdomes and dominions of your liii,hnesse, that both the former inconuenieiH es oi ne-
cessitie, and knx-, shall most siillicienll; be taken awav.

Moreoiier the signilicalion and as.surance of vour liighnes.,e great alleclion to vs and om
nation, docth cau^e vs also to inlreal and \se inedi.ilion on the behalle of cirlaine ol oiirsnb-
ie( N, who are (leleiiied as slaues and capliiies in vi.ur Ciallies, lor whom we t raiie. that foras-
mui li as they are Lillen into that inisei v, not bv anv otience of theirs, bv bearing of arines
against your highnesse, or in liehaiiing of ihemselues contrary to honestie, and to the law of
nations, they may Ijc deliuered from their bondage, and restored to Iibertic, for their scruice

iowarde»

.»

I Letlen

ar lienolit
ing for ilie
your said
thinke ho
by whom,
wee detest
selues to
time wee
ishing also
' tliin good
ification of
oked for at

r onely re-
and goiiij;
& sea with
as namely
c Romanrs,
lay not hee
!iiil)ii'Cts in
by reason ol
hich so sin-
f h tlic more
gdomes doe
that can be
Irauels: ani'.
1 serkcth tu
I the biivin)»
c( Is of your
Iso flic losse
f. And fiir-
jboessc wlih
lid go to and
be as ani|)lc,
princes \(,iir
the ((iiiuiKin
shall \ OIK ti-
ers, that uce
iranled, with
iiilenccs .iMil
idities uhi(h
ent, that l>v
tie and jioml
ii( h we haiif,
ilentifiilK i(.
cn( es III iic-

vs and our
e of our s\il).
e, that foras-
ing of amies
III the law of
their seniice
iin\ardc»

Turkic priuOegen. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 257

towardes vs, according to their ductie : which thing shall yeeld much more abundant cause
to vs of commending your elcmencle, and of beseeching that God (who onely is aboue all
things, and all men, and is a most seucrc reuenger of all idolatrie, and is icioiis of his honour
against the false gods of the nations) to adornc your most inuinciblc Imperiall highnesse with
all the blessings of those gifts, which onely and deseruedly are accounted most worthy of
asking.

Giuen at our palace of Greenwich, nccre to our Citic of London, the fine and twentieth
day of October, in the yeere of Icsiis Christ our Sauiour one thousand, fine hundreth, seuentie
and nine, and of our reigiic the one and twentieth.

The charier of the priiiileges granted to the Kngli.sh, & the league of the great
Tiirke with the Queenes Maie-lic in respect of traflRque, dated in June l.'iSO.

IMmcnsa & maxima ex jioteslale potentissimi, terribilibu.sque verbis & nunquam linicnda
iiinumerabiliuc dementia ik inelfabili auxilio Hanctissimi & pura mente colendissimi trc-
mendissimfq; v"iiicr.sitatiini crcaloris, priiicejjs temporum jirfcscntium, vnicus moderna; a;ta-
tis inonarih.i, toliiis orbis tcrrarum potenlibiis sceptra diuidere potciis, dementia-, gratixq;
diuina' xnibra, regnornm iirouinciarnmue, & vrbium ciuitatUTiUe distributor permultaruin :
Nos sacratissimus Cesar Miizulmanicus, Meccha', id est donnis diuina;, Medina?, gloriosis-
siniic & heali-siin.T Icrusalcm, Aegypti ftrlilissinix", lemen & Zouan, Eden & Canan, Sami
pacifcr.c I'v; Ilebe-, lab/a iV I'azra, Zcnizub &: IIale|)ia;, Caramaritc & Diabekiruan, &
Dulkadiriii', liabylonia-, \ loliiis triplicis Arabian, Kuzoriim iV Georgianorum, Cypri diuiti^,
& regiiortiin .Vsi.e, Ozakior, Caiiiporiiin .Maris albi & nigri, Gra-ciic & Mesopotamia;,
Africa- iV (iolcta-, .\l;;eris iV- Tripolis occidcnlalis, selectissimieq; Europa-, Huila-, & Te-
nu-swar, iK; rci^noriun iransalpiiionini, tSc his siiiiilium jiermultoriim princeps ('a-saru^- sacer-
rimiis, ])ciicniissiniiis Mnrad (".iii, liliiis prin( ipis Zclim Can, qui fuit Zoleiman Can, qui fuit
Zeliiii Can, qui I'uil I'aie^id Cm, (pii liiil .\lelunicd ("an, <.Vc.

No-- prim cj)> pulcntissiiniN Murad Can hoc in signiim nostra- C.Tsarea; amicitisi; signilica-
mus, iiianilV«i.ciniis, cpiod in |{ inporibus nu'dernis I'cgina Aiiglia-, Fran( ia\ iV Ilibernix Kli-
/alieliia in Chrisiianitati- h(iiir,rali>sim:i Hcgina (cuius mercatoruin cxitus sit I'celiciiisimus) ad
niisir.uii cxccU.un, iv iiistitia- plcnani, liilgiilissinuiniui- poriam, qua- omnibus principil)us
inundi est rdunium iV rc(piics, jkt egrcL;iuni (iiilielmiun Harcburiuim litcras niisit suas,
(piihus su.i maic.-l.is si^nilicauit, (|uod tiniporc pra'terito quidam subdili sui vcnisseni ad
no«tr.uii port.un exccUani, \- suaui obedic-ntiam (-rga e.im demoiislrauissent, \: ob cam cau-
sain illi^ <pio(|ue ad nostras ditioiu-s nu-rcandi graii.i venire iV redire poscereni, venifl tV
j)iiic~l.is lui^^et data: \ (pu'id in locis iV: hospitijs eoruin per mare & terrain nemo auderet
impcdire \ iilis daiiuunn fai err, niandalinu Ca-^ircuni fui-scl daUnn: (."v <piud banc imslrain
gr.ili.im, ipiain |).iU( i^ iKimiMibus sua; maic-lalis dcnioiislraiiiss -mns, vniuersis stiis sulidilii
coiu cdcrcMuis, pfi(lial, (Juare, qui-inadiiiii(hnu ( uni s'.'r('nis..in\is bencuoU-nli.im it oluiii-
eiitiaui. scriiili.iuc sua di'in')ii>ir.intil)u^ cr:a no^tr.un |)(irl.i;ii CMilsam iv;:ii)us iV priiuipi-
bus conrn-iltr.iiis '\t suiil re\ (l.dlnruiii, Vciicli, iV rc\ I'olouoruui, \' lU-teri) iMceni iV .. ., . .

... . . - • . ■ 1- 1 . • ... . . ' .' rtrju^ 1 urcic i

IcL-iliw saiii lissiinuui pc|iii;inuw: -"ic eli.rn turn jjral.ita Kc^iiia auiK itiani cusiinliciul.ini, pa- inii"..i!,.iiic;.m
(■cm i; litdus i(iniuii\unus. lllius igitiu' houiiuc-, iV' Miiuersi nun alorcs, sine aliquo j|„. "^-^i"" '"'"""■
pedinu-pio cum sui.s nitn ibus i^; oneribus cunclls ad nostras dilionis Ca'.sareas pat:ificii & se-
cure \cnianl, i.*v. sa.un e\cr< caul inercaturani, niant-ant in suis <latibus, iv secundum suos
mores ncji.icienliir. I'.i adh.e.-, sua niaicsias signiTu abat e\ homiuibus suis ali(iuos iamduduin
cqilos fuissi-, \ in i a])liuilate dctineri, \- tpiod hi diiniltcrcnlur |)clel)at, iSc cjuod sicut
.iliis primipibus nuliiM um confu-deratis priuilcgia \ niaud.ua Ca-sarca super fccdus sanctis-
•.iuiuiii dcilis-cuiu-, -.ic pr.i r.ila- (|Uih|uc Kcniiia- priuilciiiuin iV niand.ita Ca-»arca vt dare-
U1U-, uii^ira- C'a-sar.a- celsitudini pi.ucrci. (iii.iri; sccuiuliiui nosiram beiicuolcntiam &
graliain iiiuatam, opl.it.', sii.i- iiiaie^iaiis apud ncs i;r:\ta lucre: 111 hoc noslruni priuilej^iuin
iu-lilijs plenum dediinus maicslali sua-: I'.t Higlerbe^is, Zauziacbegis lanuilis nostris, t^
K.i/ij-., 1.1 est, iudicibus, \' omnibus ldoiii.ilnrpi)iis omnium locorum, jiorluum, & vadoruin
\ui. 11. L I lirmiter

» ci

^^^

VOYAGES, XAUKJATIONS,

Turkic pritiiliffcu.

i\f

Articuli huiiit
priuilffgij.

flrmiter mandaimis vt donee ox parte pr.i'lat.x regino! ffcihis, Si. \n\, & conim condifinni'"
nrticiili'quc (vt ronucnit) ciHtndiuntur I'v: scruantiir, nosfrrc quociue Cacsaroic cclxitiidini'*
inatidata sunt:

I Vt prH'Talic Re;;iiin' homines, <S: sulnliti eiiH quibusui-i rebus & mcrril)us, iiiu'rilnm&siip-
pellec tilibiis per marc in majinis iV paruis nauibus, per terrain autem homines mm nncribus
& pecoribns, seruri^ iSt pacitici; ad nostras ditiones Caisarcas veniant, & nemo illJ!* noceat,
fed secure & sine aiiquo impedimento ne^ocientur, cS: in suis statibns & tonditiunilxis
piTmaneant.

'.1 Item, si pnefali homines I'v merealores in suis rcctis vijs .S: nejjocialionibus aiiqno modo
eaperenlur, sine aliqua tergiuersalione dimitlantnr idn'renturipic.

.'J Item, si naues corum ad aiiquos jiortus & loca venire vohieriat, pacilicc omni in tem-
pore, (Si sine im|)edimenlo viiiiant, & ilisiedant in ><iia loca.

4 Item, si In tcmpestatibus maris naues eorum essent in peiii uio I'v: aiixiiio opus essct
illis, n.iiics nostr.x- Ca'sare.T relsitudinis, earuiiupie homines, vV aliorum naues hominesipu'
statim aiixilium iSc opem I'erant illis, maiulamns.

f> Item, si edulia suis priunijs emere vuliierint, nemo resistat illis, sed situ- impedimcnto
edulia emant.

(i Item, si infortunium maris naues eorum in terram ])roiererit, Hej;i & iudic<-s, & r.Ttcri
nostri siibditi sint auxilio illis, merees & res eonnn qu.e remanserint iterum reddantur illis,
& nemo iiii])ediat illos.

7 Item, si pra-latsc rejjin.'c homines, eonnn interpretes, \- mereatores, sine |)er terram,
sine per mare menandi <;raliA ad nostras ditiones venire velint, lei;iiimo telonio, i<: vectijjali
reddito, pacilict' vn^entur, ea])itanei & re^es maris \- nauium, \' aliud );enus liomiinnn per
mare vaf;aniium in personis, i"i: rebus eorum, i)eroribus(pie, ne noieani illis.

H Item, si aliipiis e\ Anj;lis debitor, aut ii're aiieno esset obstriclus, iniu'iiirif|ue nun |)os-
sit, raiione deljitornm .iltcrius niillus nisi esset (ideiu^sur ( apiatur ant impediatiir.

9 Item, si Anulus testamenlum fecerit, \' sua bona euirimque lej;auerit, illi dentur b m i
illius, iV: si sine testamcnto moreretur, ronsu! enrimi cuin'impie sociorum mortui liominis
dixerit debere dari, illi dentur bona mortui liominis.

10 Item, -^i .Xnuli, & ad \ni;lia:n |)rrlinentiiim locorum miTratnrcs \' interpretes, in
vrndciulis iV t'mr;ii!is nierci'iii^ lideiu^iionibus i^vj rebus .d ijuid ne!.;o< ij habueri
rem \eiiiant. ^ in librum in«(ril>i fariant npt;(i|ium, iV si \oluirint, lilcias (pii)
iint .1 iudi(e, pniplcrea (pio I si ali(jiiid inciderit, vich'rnit librum \ lileras, \- se( undiim
fcnorem i'>nim piTlit i.infur ne'^nicia eorum s\isj)e(ia: si :iulem neqne in librnm in-^criberen-
tur ii((|iie iileris liaberciit, index i'aKa testimonia non admitlal, sed secundum iu»liliam le-
;:em adiiiini-irans non sinat illos im|)cdiri,

n Item, -i nliquis (li( errt, quod isii Christiani nostne (idei Mii/ulmanie;e male (li\-
cri It, \' <'ain vitnperijs atieierint, in hoc nejjocio eliam iV alij-, ii.sies lalsi minime ad-
m t?ani!ir.

I'i Item, si aliciiiis eornin aliiiuod lacinus p;ilrarel, iV I'ui^ii'us nun pussit iiuieniri, nulius
nisi esset (i<leius-<)r ]iro altcrin- I'.icto re tincatiir

l.'{ Item, si alitpind ni.ini ipium .\n;ili(um iiuienirclur, iV ((iUsul curii peleret ilhid, e\-
•imiiielnr dilinenlcr inaiuipiiini, iSc si rMUcntum liicril An^lii nm, anipiat r, iV riild.ilur
Ans;lis.

J 4 Item, si ;ili'iiiis ex AiiL'lis Iiuc \enerit lial)ii.nidi aul nurcandi !;r,itia. -iue sit \xi riiiii-,
sine sit sine wore, nun solnat ccnsum.

15 Iiem, si in .Mcxandria, in Dani.i-co, in .Samia, in Tunis, in Tripnli niiidentdi, jii
Ae^\pti porlid)Us i!y: in alij^ omnibus I.k is, \bicuiu|; \oluerint f.n ere ( onsules, laciant: \',t
itennn si V .luerint eos mulare, ,s; in loio prioni t'insiilinn alios lo( iic, libere I'.n iant, i>;
nemo illis resistat.

I') In-ni, si illoruiii iiilerprc- in aninis ne^otijs (Kcuj)a(uii abesset, doMcc \eniret jnterpris,
expccutur, & interim nenii; illos iniptdiat.

17 Item,

1 1 iiidi-
accepi-

i'e

n<
tell

;' i

•//ri/i',c:f,».

lulifionc"
Isitiidiiiis

lis 8c sup-
niicribiN
U noccat,
litiunihus

Turkic priuilcf(fs.

THAFFIQUns, AND DISCOUERIKS.

ia9

17 Item, si Anyli inter sc nliqiiam litem habcrent & vellcnt ad mum coiwiilcs ire,
nemo rcsisiat iilis "cd libcri' vcniant ad Conftulcs such, vt sreuiidCiin innrcH coriim (iiiiatdr
In orta.

18 Item, si jxm tempiis aul datum luiiuN priiiilo},'ij, piratnc, aiit alij aliqiii liberi gulicrna-
inrCM naiiium per marc va^aiitcs, aliqiicm ex Aiiglis ccjjcrint, & trans mare vci eis marc
veiiderint, sccmtduni iii.stitiani cxamiiu'tiir: & si AngliiH iniicntiis fuerit, & reli^inncm Mil-
/.iilinaiii< am assum|)serit, lil'cr^ dimittaiiir: si nuteni adhiu; csset Cliribtiaims, Aiiglis rcdda-
fiir, (.V emplnres siiam pccimiam al) illo petant, u quo cmerant.

I!) llc'in, "ii iKiHtr.i" C'li-sare.T Celsitudinis naiic-* iirmatx- exiiieriiit ad marc, & il)i iiiueii-
frint iiiiiic-^ Annlica-i nu-ries portanles, nemo inipediat iilas, imo amici! tractcntur, & luilluni
damnum (acianl illis: (iuemadmoduni (i.ilirs, Veneti-i, & catcris nobiHeum confopdcrati'* rr-
r^\\n\<. ik priniipibus priuilc^iinti, & arlicuins ])rinil(',i;iis flcdimus & coneessimus, simili
modo ills (iiKKiue Aiifilis (jriiiili'^ium k^ artiiulcs jjriuilfj^ijs dedimusiS; conerssimuii, & contra
Icuom diuiMani, & h(ic prinilcj;iinit, nemo \ntpiam aiiipiid audeat faetrc,

20 Item, si naiKN mnnnii-, 8c p:iru.T in iiinerc 8c loco vbi slant dclinebuntur, nemo illos
nndcal impcdirc, sid poliiis auxilio sint iili-.

'il Iiini, si ij(roius\ I'll res vi raperi'iit natics illoriim, nauii'mupic incrcc!<, niapna diiigi'ii-
tia i|ii:i'raiiliir hilroiies 8c (iires, 8c sollcrissiln^ piiniantiir.

yi Ad iMi'iiiiiitn, Hi'>;lerl)esij. 8c Zan/.iacbegi, Capiianci noHtri, Mancipia, & per marr
naiii^anies serui C"apilane<iruni, 8: Indices, & 'IVIoniatores, 8r (Jiibernatores nauiiim Heiz
dii li, iS; libi'ii Kei/, onincs isii pra-ljli, seemidiini tenorem hiiiiis priuilei<ii, tcnort^muc arti-
ciiiiiriun eiii-, dinnia liiicri" iciieaiitiir, ife deluMiit. V.t donee hoe in priuilepio deseriptiim
fcediis, & p.i\ illiiis Miilest.iiis ex pane saiielc seruabitur, 8c eiislodietur, ex parte etiani
nostra Cis^irta eiislodiri, &c (>l)seriiari niaiidamiis.

Datum ('(iiwiaiiiinnpiili, anno iiostri prophetic Sanctissimi 'J8S, in priiiripio mensis Iiinij,
anno .iiiiiin le^u I,"i80

'I'hi' inlcrprelatioii lil" liie letter-, or priiiileije of the most miitlilie and Mtisiiman-
like l^niperour /nldan Miirnd Can, "granted al the rrtpiest of Ivli/.abeth bv the
V'race of the most !iiii;hiie (iod, and onlv Creator of hcaiien and earth, of lin-
•ulaiid, I'r.mre and Ireland (Jiieene, eonlirniin;; a peace and Icagi;c betwixt both
the -aid I'rinres and tlieir siibicets.

\VI'' iiKi-i -.irr( il Miisiilmaniike I'niperonr, by tiie infinite and execedin;; ijrcat power, by
llie eiierla-linu and woiidrrfiili i lemeni ie, iV bv lliC vnspeakabie iielpe of the most mij;hlv
\ mist holy Ci.nl, ( icator of all iiiini;s, to be wiTshipped and feared with all piirenesse of
iiiinde, and r('iieren( e of speei li, I he prime oi ihise pre-enf times ti.e oiieiv Monareh of
iliis afj;e, able to ^iiie -eepter-. (o the potentates of the whole world, the shadow of the
(liiiine merey and ;;ra('e, tlie di-.tril)iiler of nianv lvinj;doii's, proninccs, lownes and (ities,
Prinec, and most sailed llmjieroiir of Mecca, that is to say, of Clods house, of Medina, of
the nio«t ulorii lis and l.le-sed lerii-aleni. of (he nio-t fertile KjiA |)l, letiieii and Ion in, Eden
and C.inaaii, (f Sann s the jieai cable, and of Ibbcs, of lab/a, and I'a/ra, of Zeriizub and
Hale|)ia, of Car iiiiaria and Diahekiriian, of Diiik.idiria, of liab\ ion, and of all the three Arabias,
ol the Iii/.ian- and (ieorniaiis, of C\| ru* the riili, and of the kingdoines of A-ia, of O/akior,
ol the tracts of the white and blai ke Sen, of (iretia and Mesopotamia, of Africa and (ioleta,
ol Aluei-, and of f ripolis in (he We-t, of the most eI.oi>ie and pnneipall I'.indpe, of IJuda and
'l'eim'>\\ar, and of the kiiii;domes beyond the Alpes, and inanv others siicli like, most mi<;htie
Miirad Can, the soiiiie of ihe l''.inperoiir Zclim C.iii, which was the sonne of Zoleiman Can,
v\hi< h wa- the sonne of Zi lini Can, wliii b was the sonne of I'aii^id Can, which was the sonnr
ol Mehenied Can, \c.

We nio.-t mi<^hiie prince Miirad Can, in tlen of our Iniperiall friendship, doe signifie and
declare, that now of late I'li/abeth (ineeiic ol' r.ni^land, Tram il and Ireland, the most lio-
iiomablc (iiieene of Christendom (to whose niarchants we wish happy siicee.sse) sent her
letter- by her waathy -eriiant William Uareboriie \nlo cnir stalely and most magniliccnt Porch

!■ I « repleniiihed

I ■

1m' I i

■"■' hi

n ,.«

■/,

' ' % III!

860

VOYAGKS. NAUlOATlONlS.

Turkle priuilegtu.

rcpIenishcH with iiistice, which is a refuse and Sanctuary I" all the prinrcs .)(' the world, l)y
which letters her Nfaiottie sij;ni(ied, that whereas heretdiore cortaiiie of her subiects had re-
paired to our naidc stately Porche, and had shewed their dljcdience to the •<anic, and for tliaf
cause had desired that leaue and lihcrtic mij;ht also be jjranted vnto them, to come and goe
for tralliques sake too and from our dominions, and that our Imperial ronimaiulenirnt mipht
be giuen, that no man should presume to hurt or himler them, in any of tlu-ir abodes or
passaj^es by sea or land, and whereas shee requested that we would praiint to all her subietts
in (jenerall, this our fauour, which before wee hud extended onely to a fewe ol her jieoplo:
therefore as wee haue entrcd info amiiie, and most holy league with the ino<t excellent kings
and princes our ci>nfederats, shewinj; their deuotion. and oljcdiencc or seruices towards our
stately Porch (as namely the French kin^, the Vencijans, the kiuK of I'oloiiia and others)
to also we haue contracted an inuiolable amitie, peace and leajjucwith the alore-aid Queene.
Therefore wee >{iue licence to nil her jjcoplc, and mar. iiants, peacc.iblv and safely to come
vnto our Imperiall dominions, with all their marchandise and jjoods wiiliout any impeach-
ment, ti) exercise their trafTique, to vse their ownc (uslomes and to luiy and m'II .Kcordinj;
to the fashions of iheir owne countrev

And l\irther her Maieslie sijinilied vnto vs, that ccrtaine of her pe<']>fe had herelornrc bene
taken prisoners, and were detained in captiuiiie. and recpiired-that they mi;;lit bee set at
libertie, and that as we h.id j'rauiited vnto other I'rinies our ( onredcrats, priuiledue^, and Im-
periall decrees, concerninj; our most inuiolable leaj;Me with tiiem, so it would please our
Imperial Maiesty to graunt and conlirme the like priiiilcdges, and princely decrees to the
aforesaid Quecnc-

Wherefore according to our humanilie and gracious ingralled dis|)osition, the rc(iiiests of
her Maiestic were acce|)ted of \s, and we haue granted \ntn her Maiestie this |)riuilege of
ours agreeable to reason & erpiitie And we siraightly command all our lieulerhegs, and
Zanziacbegs our scruants, aii<l our Hcn/., that is to sav, our lodges, and all our (Usidniers in
all places, hauens and |)assages, that as long .as this Icigiie and amitie with ilu' conditions,
and articles thereof, are kept and ol)-.erued on the behalfe of the aforesaid (iiieene, 1 Our
Imperiall coiiimandcment and pleasure is, that the people and sultiecis (d' the same Queetie,
mav safely and securely come to our princely dominions, with their goods and marchandise,
and ladings, and other commodities bv sea, in great and smal \essvls, aM<l by land with their
carriages and (attels, and that iio man shall hurt them, but tliey may buy and sell wiihoiU
anv hindcrance, and obseriie the custonies and orders of their owne C(nn)lrey.

'.I Item, if the aforesaid jieople and marchants shalbc at anv time in the ciuir-e (d' their
iourneis and dealings by any meanes taken, they shall he deliuered and inlarged, without
au) excuse or cauillation.

.'{ Item, if their ships purpose to arriue in any of our ports and hauens, it shalbe
law full for thein so to do in peace, and from thente againe to depart, without any let
or impediment.

" ■ tuous '

"CT of losse and

app,

pen

sin 11'', an(

ipestii
1 thereupon shall stand in need of cmr helpe, we will, and

< ominaund that our men and ships be ready to helpe and succour ihei

5 Item, if they shalbc willing to buv any victuals for their monev, no |)erson shall wiili-

siande them, but they shall buy the same without any disturbance to the (ontrary.

(i Item, if by any casualtic their ship|)es shall bee driuen on shoare in perill cd' sliipwracke,

our Begs and ludges, and other our Stibiects shall succour them, and such wares, and giKKls

of theirs as shall bee recouered from the lossc, shall bee restored to them, and no man shall

wrong them.

7 Item, if the people of the aforesayd Queene, their iuterp-"ters and marchants, shall f.r

trafniue sake, either by lande or .Sea repaire tr) our dorni' ..ins paying our Irwfull toll and cus-

tonie, tluv shall haue (]uiet ])assage, and none of our Captaines or gousmours of the Sea, and

shippes, III

ir any kindc of
anv way molest them.

Dass;
persons.

shall cither in their bodies, or in their goods and cattels

8 Item,

and
him
the
the

1
and
rath
artic
feder
lawe

'Z^
olaci

r' I

'furkie priiillfgei. TItAFFIQUES, Ay: I '!'=• .'QUERIES.

8 Item, if any KiiRlishman shnll gro^'. '< debt, u . so owe money t. any other man»
.mil tlierriipnn (l<ifh :il)-<rnt liiniMrlff that !.' an not be found, let n<> mnn bie arretted or up-
nrcliciulfd f(ir anv other ni:iiis debt, cxcipi hr tie the surety.

9 Item, if any I-njilishman sliall make hin will and le?<iament, to whoni «ionior b\ tlir same
hee shall ;;iiie his jjoods, the jiartie shiill hatie them ji r. rdinj;!^ , and .( Iiee die infeslate, bee
to whom the ("on-iiill or ^ouernour of the soeicfie sJul' say the goods of the dead are to hee
>,'iuen, hee shall haue the same.

10 Item, if the KuKlislmien or tlie innrrhanK and interpreter* of anv places mkIit the
iiirisdiciion of I'!in;hind sliall hiippen in the buNini" and -iellini; of wares, by promises or
otherwise to come in enntrouersic, let lliciii lm to the Iiul .■,!■, and rausc fhe matter to be en-
tri'd into a Ixoke, aii<l if they wil, let them also take letters of the liidjje te>iifyiii!; the same,
that men mav see the booke and li-tters, whatsoeiier thinj; shall happen, and that ateordinj?
to the leiioiir thereof the mailer in roiilroiiersie and in doubt ina\ bei-iided: but if such
ihiiius be neither entrcd in booke, nor \et llie persons ham- taken letters of the ludKe, yet
he shall admit no false wilnesse, but shall execute the Law accorilinj; to ui.sticc, and shall
not slider them to be abu-ed.

I! Item,. if any man shall «ay, that these beiii'; Christians hntie vpokcn any ihinj; to the
deroyaiinii of our holv faith and religion, and bane --l.iiidered the same, in this matter as in
all olher>, let no false witiie«ses in any i ase be adniiiied

12 Item, if anv one <>f them shall comirit any j^reat crime, and (lyiiit; lliereupon cannot bee
found, li t no man be arrested, or detained for another mans fact, except In- bi* his surclie.

\'.i Item, if anv slaue shall be found to be an Fji};li-hman, ami their ('oii»ull or fioiiernnur
shall sue for hi^ libertie, let the same slaue be dili<r«'ntly evamined, and if bee be found in
deed to I e Knulish, let him be di-.char;;ed and resiored lo the Kni;lishmcii.

14 Item, if anv rnjjlishmaii shall idiiie hither eiiher lo lUvcl or tr.iniipie. whether hee be
marrieil or vnmarried, he shall pa\ n.> polle or head monev.

j.t Item, if eiiher in .\le\,iiidria, Damase,', .S.un"-, Tmiis, Tripoli^ in ' we>.i. the port
l<nviu's of ;Kj;\ pt, or ill .in\ other pi, ices, lliey piirpo-e to chooso to ihemsehies ('imsuls or
liolieniiuirs, let them lioe -o, and il they will .iller lliem .il any linu', and in the rooiiie of the
former Consuls |)lai e others, let them ilo »o aUo, and no man shall re^iraine lliem.

i() Item, if llieir interpreler shalbe ;:i .iiiv lime al)-.eiit, bein;i oceupied in oiher serious
matters, lei the thiiij; tl.eii in »|iiesiion bei' >tayefl and dillired till his ((imminn, and in the
iiieane time no man shall trouble ttiem

17 Item, if any v.iriance or corfreu," sie itiiali arise amoni; the Englishmen, and there-
upon tliev shall appeale to their ('on-«nls or p;tiuernours, let no man molest them, but let
ihem freely die so, thai the controiu-rsie be-^unne m,iy be liiii>bed aciordiiif; to their owne
eust(mies,

18 Item, if after the lime and dale of ilii- [iriiiileu'e, anv pinils or other free j;oueriiours
of shijis tnidiii;; the Se,i sliall lake any r.iiuli-hman, and »liall niake ^ale ol him, either be-
yoiiile the Sea, or on this side of flie .Sea. die matter shalbe examined aecorifiiin to i/Ntice,
iiiid if the panic -.lialbe found to be Iviijiiisli. and sh.dl reeeiiie the holy relij;ion, then let
him freelv be di--i hiriied, but if he wi! -.till remaiue a Christian, let him then be restored to
the Knj^lishmeu, and the buyers shall (lemauiiil their money agauie of them who soldc
the III, 111.

I'J Item, if the ships of warre of our Iinperiall hijjhnesse sh-al at anv lime <ii)e forth to Sea,
and shall (inde any Fn :lish ships l.ideii wiili iiiardiandise, no man shall hinder ihein, but
rather shall \ .e lliciii Iriendiv, aad doe lliem no wroiiji, euen ,is wee hauc uiuen ami j^rantcd
arliiles, and priiiilcues to the Freiicli, Venelians, and other Kmu- and princes our con-
federates, so also wee haue ;;iuen the like lo the |ji);lish: and loiilrary lo this our diuine
lawe and priiiilej',i', lei no man j)ri..ume lo doe any tliiiiij.

'20 Item, if either iIk ir L;i'eat or '^mall shijis sh.iil in the course of their vovage, ' i in anv
|)lace to whi( il tiu> i (-me bee .-.tayid or arrested, let no man continue the same arrest, but
rather In Ijie and assist them.

yi Item.

% ^'

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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PhotDgraphic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

^ I'

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' I ,i!

( '

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The Q. Letter.

'IhiS w.ii

of Ratairtc.wlm

with ihc harke

caltfd the R(«,

rnbhfd cfitjir, •

(iteciiM 10 the

L^uant.

'21 Item, if any thccucs and robbers shall by force take away any of their ships, and marchaii-
disc, let the same thceiies and robbers be sought, and searched for with all diligence, and let
them be punished most scucrely.

22 Last of all the Beglerbegs, and Zan/.iacbegs, our Capiaines, our slaucs and scrunnis
of Captaincs vsing the sea, and our ludgcs, customers ami n»uern'ours of ships called Rciz,
and free Rciz, all these, according to the tenor of tliis priiiilege and articles, shalhe bound
to doc accordinuly: and, as long as the Quecne of Ki!<;1;iik1 on her part shall duely kecpe and
obserue this league and holy peace, expressed in ihis priuilcgc, we also for our Imperial
part, do charge and commauml the same so long to be siraightly kept and obscrned.

Giucn at Constantinople, in the 988. yeerc of our most holy prophet, in the beginning of
the moneth of lunc. And in the yccre oflK.svs 1580.

Ilcr Maiesties letter to the Turke or (Jrand Signior ir)8l. promising rcdresse of the
disorders of I'cter Haker of HatditVe, committed in the Leuant,

Ut-i/.abelh by the diuine grace of the eternall God, of England, France and Ireland most sacred
Queenc, and of the most Christian faith, against all the prophaners of his most holy Name the
zealous and mightie defendour, &: c. To the most renew uci! and emperious Cjesar, Sultan Murail
Can, Empcrour of all the dominions of Turkic, and of ail the East Monarchic chicle aboue
all others whosoeucr, most fortunate yeercs wiili the sncccs*c of al true happinesse. As
with vc.-y great desire we wisii and embrace the louc and amitie ol forrcinc Princes, and in
the same by al good dueties and meanes we sceke to be conlirnicd: so to vs there may bee
nothing more grieuous and disliking, tlicn 'hat any thing should happen through the de-
fault of our Subiects, which any way might bring our faith and lidciitic into suspilion: Al-
though wee are not ignorant how many gocii princes by the like misaduenturu be abused,
where the doings of the Subiects are imputed to llie want of good goucrnnicnt. But such
matters of iin])oriancc and so well :ipproucd wc niav mt omit: mk ii is to vs the sacred esti-
mation of our hon(nir, and of oui- Christian piorc^sion, as we would the same should ap-
peare as well in the concluding of our premise-, and ;i.;iccmcnfs, as in the faithlull j)erl'orni-
ing of the s:nne.

Ti)e matter which by the-e our Idlers wee ~i)ccia!ly bchoMc, i-< a nK^t iniurious and grieu-
ous wrong which of late came vnio our vnJerstanding, tlial sliould be done vnto ccrtaine ol
Balfr your subiecls bv cerlainc of cur Subiects, as yet n )t apprc'icndid : hut with all seucrilic
vpon their apjjrcliension tliev arc to be aw.iriled I'ov llie same. And as ilic decdc in it >elli'
is most wickcil, so is it much more intolicrabie, by how nnuh it ilocth infringe the credit
of our f.iilii, \iolaie the fircc of our aiithoiitie, and impeach the estimation of our word
faithfully giuen vnto your Imperiall dignitie. h\ which so great a disorder if wee should not
manifest our hatred tnwardcs >o wi( kcd ai.d cuil dis[»nscd persons, wo nii:;ht not oneK mo»t
iustly be rciiroued in the iuclgement ol" -M such as truely iammr lustico, Inii al-io of all I'rinc i>
the palrones of right and equitie, might no lesse lie condcmnci!. That therefore consi-
dered, which of our ])arts is ordained in liiis cause which niav be to the L-ood liking o( your
highnessc, we are most csjieciailv to rccpicst of vour Imperiall Maie»lie, that through the
default and disorder of a sort of cuill aiid wicked disposed persons, you wil n<it withdraw
your gratious i'auour from v-;, neither to iiindcr the tra(Ti(]iic of our Subiects, which bv ver-
tue of vour highnesse suflerance, and power of your liicnce are ])rrmitted to trade into your
dominions & countreys, or that tiiiier in their pcr'.ons or goods thev be preiudited in their
traueyling by land or by water, promising vnto your grcatncsse most faithfiillv, that the
goods whereof your •■ubiccts by great wrong and viiilcnce hauc bene spnyled, shall wholK
aicainc be restored, if either by the lines or possessions of the robbers it mav any way be
brought to passc; And that hereafter (as now bein, taught by this cuill example) wee will
haue special! care that none vndcr t!ie title of our .mthoritie shall be sutl'cred to commit any
the like wrongs or iniuries.

Neither they which haue committed these euil parts had any power vnder your highnesse
•afecondnct graunfed vnto our subiects, but from sotne other safccondutt, whether it were

true

1 i,ir' V'

n If i! I i

''^^Hf

Lv^wA-' ^'

tiV^

i^-

narchaii-

1', and lit

Turkic patents. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

true or fained, we knowc not, or whether they bought it of any person within the goucrn-
ment of Nfarseils: but vnder the eohnir thereof they haue done tiiat, which the triiethof our
dcah'ng doeth vltcrly abhorre. Kotwilhstandiny; howsoeuer it i)c, woe will surely measure
their euill procccdinjfs with most sharpe and iust correction, and that it shall repent thcin of
the impeachment of our honours, as al>o it shalbe ati example of our indi<;nati(m, that
others mav dread at all times to commit the like odi'nce. Wherefore that our amitie might
l)c continued, as it tliis vuforfiinate hap liad ncuer chanced, and tliat the singuler alVcction
(if our Siiliiccts towardes your Imperiall Maiestie \owcd, and dayly more and more desired,
might be i onserued and defended, we thereunto do make our humble suite vnto your great-
ni'sse: And for so j^reat goodnesse towardes vs and our people granted, doc most hinnbly
prav vnto the Almighlie crcatoiir of heauen an<! earth, euer to maintainc and kccpe your
most renownicd Maiclie in all happinessc and prosperilie.

Dated at our pahicc of Circenewich the 'irt. of lune, Anno 1581.

The letters iialents, or priuileges graunfed by her Maieslie to Sir Edward Osborne,
Ma-iter Hit hard Staper, and certaiiie other Marchants of London for their trade
into the dominions of the great Turke, in the yeerc 1581.

El.i/.abetl) bv the grace of God Quccne of England, France and Ireland, defender of the
fiith, Xic. To all our Officers, ministers, and Subiects, and to all other people as well
within this our Healme of England, as else where vnder our obey sancc, iurisdiction, or other-
wise, vnto whom these our letters siiall be seene, shewed or read, greeting. Where our
wclbelouod Subiects Edward Osborne Alderman of our t'itie of London, and Richard Staper
of our savde City Merchant, haue by great aduenlure and indusirie, with their great costes
and charges, bv the space of sundry late yecres, truuailed, and caused trauaile to bee taken,
a^ well by secret and good meanes, as by danirerous wayes and passages both by landc and
So.i, to finde out .ind set o])en a trade of Marchandize and traflitpie into the Lands, Islands,
dominions, and territories of ilie grr.it Turke, commonly called the Grand Signior, not here-
lolore in the memory <il*anv man nowe lining knowen to be commonly vsed and frequented
by v^ay of marchandise, by any ihc Marchants or anv Sub'i'cts of \s. or our progenitcurs;
and aNo haue by their like good meanes and imliistiie, and great charges j)rocured of the
sriyde Grand Signior (in our name,) amitie, safetie, and l're<'dome, lor trade and tratlique of
.Marchandise to bee vscd, and coniinned by our Subiects within his savde Dominions, whereby
there is i;ood and apjiarant hope and likelvhoode JK-th that many udod offices may bee done
for the peace of C'hrisK'ndome, and reliefe of manv Clirisiians that bee or may happen to bee
ni ihr.ddome or neces^itie \ndcr the sayde Cn-aiul Siunior, his va-^sals or Subiects, and also
good and profitable vent and \ Iterance mav be had of the conmiodities of our Healme, and
sundry other great benditi's to t!ie aduancenunt of our honour, and dignitie Royail, the in-
( Tease of the reuenues of our Crowne, atid i;eniTall wealth of our Healme : Knowe ye, that
hereupon wee greatly tendering tiu' wealth of our people, and the incouragcment of our
Subiects in their good t-nUrpriscs for the aduancenient of the C'onnnon weale, h.iue of our
speciall gr:;''e, cerlaiiu' knowledge and meerc motion, giuen and graimtcd, and by tliese pre-
sents for vs, our heires and ^uci i'sv(nirs, doe giue and grannt \nto our sayd Irustie, and wel-
l)cloucd Sid)iects I'.dward O-boriH-, and Milo Thomas Smith of London Esquier, Richard Sta-
I)cr, and William (Jarret of London .Marchants, their executors, and administrators, and to
llic e\ecntours :uid administratours of them, and of eiierv of them, tiiat they, and euery of
ihem, and such other person and [jcrsons Englishmen borne, not exceeding the number of
tweluc, as they the ^ayde lulward, and Richard shall appoint, ncjininate, or admit to be partc-
ner.s, aduentnrers, or doers with them the sayde Eilward, Thomas, Richard and William, in
their societie by thcm^elues, their seruants, Factours or de|)nties, and to such others as shall
bee nomioated according to tlu- lenonr of these our letters Patent-, shall and may during the
tcrine ofscuen yeercs IVoni thf date of these I'aients, freelv trade, trallique, and vse feates
of .Marchandise into, and from ihe d. minions of the sayde Grand Signior, and euery of them,
in such, order, and nianer, lorme, liberties and condition to all intents and purposes as shal-

263

; .H

\ 1.

U'.' r

i ■.

•Sfi*

i')i.ty''i'i

'«^

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Turkic patenh.

be beiweene them limitted, and agreed, and not otherwise, without any molestation, im-
peachment, or disturbance, any Lawc, statute, vsage, diuersitie of religion or faith, or other
cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary notwithstanding.

And that it ahaibe lawful to the said Edward and Richard their executors and administra-
tors, (during the said terme) to appoint or admit Jo be partencrs and aducniurers with tiicm
the sayde Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, such jicrsons not exceeding the number of
twelue (as afore is said) to trafique and vsc the said Ir.ide & feat of marchandisc according to
oursaidc graunt. And that all and euery such person and persons, as shall hereafter fortinic tn
bee appointed or admitted as parlcners in the >aid trade or tralicpie according to these our let-
ters patents, shall and may from the time of such appointment or admittance, hnuc and eniiv
the freedome and libertie of tlic said trade and trafique, during tiie residue of the said terme
of seuen vccrcs, according to such limitation and agreement as is aforcsaidc, and that it shall
and mav be Inwfull to and for the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their exccutour'i
and administratours, scruants factours and deputies, and all such as shall be so appointed, no-
minated or admitted, to bee partcners or aduenturcrs in the saide trade, or so many of them ;n
can and will, ti) assemble thcmselucs for or about any the matters, cause-i, afTiiircs or businesse
of the saide trade in any place or places for the same conuenient, from time to time durin;<
the said terme of 7. yecrcs, within our dominions or elsewhere, and to make, ordcine, andcoii-
stitiite reasonable lawcs and ordinances, for the good goucrnment of the said Company, ami
for the better aduancement and continuance of the said trade and traliciuo, not being contrary
or repugnant to the lawes, e^tafiitcs or custoiiie-; of our Rcalme, anil the same laues or ordi-
nances so made to put in xsc, and execute accordinolv, and at their plca-^urcs to rcuoke tl-.c
same lawes and ordinances, or an\ of them, a< occasion shall require.

And in consideration that the >>aid Edward Osborne hath bene the principall setter foortli
and doer in the opening, & putting in vrc of the said trade, we do therefore especially or-
deinc, constitute, and j)rouide by these patents, tliat the s.iide Edward Osborne shall be go-
uernour of all .such asl)y vertne of tliese our letters patents, shall be partencrs, aduentnrers, or
traliqiiers in the said tr.ide, during the said terme of seuen yeeres, if hee so long line : And
that if the saide Edward shall happen to decease during the saide terme, the saide Richard Sta-
pcr tl'.cn lining, then the said Richard Siaper shall likewise be gouernoiir during the residue
of the said terme (if he so lotig li: c) and that if the "aid Ivilward and Richard shall both haj)-
pen to decease during the said terme, then the partners or aduenturcrs for the time being, rr
the greatest part of them, siiall from time to time ;:s iiceessitie shall require, choose and elcrt
a gonernour of the said ("onipany.

Frouided alwayes, that if there shall haj)])en any iireat or vrgent occasion to remoiie ordis-
place any jierson that shall be gouennnir oltlic saide fellowship, that then it shall, and may be
law full for vs, our heires and successonrs, to remoouo, and disidnce cuerv such gonernour, and
to place another of the said fellowship in the same ollice, during such time as such person
should hauc enii cd the same, accordiii;" to this our graimt, if there had bene no cause to the
contrary.

And we further for ys. our hrircs, and successors, of our espcciall grace, cerlaine know-
ledge, and meere motion, do gr.junt to the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Sta-
per, and William Garret, their execufors and administrators, that nothing shall bee done to he
of force or yaliditie touching the sa\.ie trade or trali(]ue, or the exercise thereof, without or
against the consent of the said Edwarl, during such time as hee shall bee (Jouernonr as afore is
saide. And after that time withttut the consent of the (Jonernour for the time being, and
the more part of the said Company.

.\nd further, wee of our more ample and abundant grace, meere motion and certaine know-
ledge, haue graunted, and by these patents for\s, our heires and siu'cessors, doe graunt to
the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their executors and administrators, that they,
the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their executors and administrators, and the
naid person and persons, by them the said Etlward and Richard to be nominated, or apjiointcd
a« afore is said, together, with such two other persons, as wee our heires or succewors from

time

shall

phut

lie ti

Thoii

rin^:

jiul

A I
seen;
am!
Ih.il
cr t.
saili'
.ftl

Turkic fiaUnln.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

time to ii:nr tliiriii>j tlic savd terme shall nominate, shall haiie the whole trade and frafique,
and the whcilc cniiro oni'iv lihertie, vso and priuilej^e of tradinj^, and trafiquin<;, and vsinj>;
fcalc ormarchaiulisc, into, and I'roni the said dominions of the said Grand Sij^nior, and cuery
ol'tluMn. And wlit-n tiu-ri" shall be no such per-ions so nominated or api)ointrd bv vs, our
liclrcs or surccssors, that then the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, liiclmrd Stapcr, and
WilliMin (iarret, their executors and administrators, and sui'h |)ersoiis by them so to bea])ptiint-
eil, «hall h.iue the saide whole trade and trafi(|iie, and the whole entire, arid onely libertie, vse,
:niil iiriiiilene of tradinu; and Iraliiiuini; aforesaiil. And that they the said Edward, Thomas,
Richard and William, their executors & administrators, and also al such as shal so be ncmiinated
or a|)poiiit('d to be partners or aduenturers in the said trade, according to such ajjreement as
is abouesaiil, and eucry of them, tlieir seriianis, factors and deputies, shal hauc t'ld and free au-
ihoritie, libertie, facultie, licence and power to trade and traliipie into and from all and euery
the saide d<iminii)ns of the saide (Jrand Si^jnior, and into, and from all places where, bv occa-
sion of the s lid trade, thev shall happen to arriiie or come, whether thev be Christian-:, Turkcs,
(ie iiiles or ot!ier,and iriio.and from all Seas, riuers, ports, regions, territories, dominions,coastes
and places with their ship^, barks, pinnes..es:iMd other %esscls, and with such mariners and men, as
they will lead with them or send for t!ie said tratle, as thev shall thinke f!;ond at their owne jiro-
per cost and expenses, any law, st.-itiite, vsas^e, or matter whatsoeuer to the contrarv notwith-
nlaniiinj;. And that it >haibe lawful for the said Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, and
to tiie persons aforesaid, and to and for the mariners and s(amen to bee vsed and em])lovcd
in the said trade and \ ovaiie to set and place in the lops of their shi|)s and other vessels the
arines of I'^ij^land with the re I crosse oner the same, as heretofore they haue vsed the red
rrossc, anv matter or tain"; to the contrary notwithslandiiiK.

And we of our further rovall fauor, and of our especiall jjrace, certaine knowledge and
meere motion haue jjrauntcd. and !.y these presents doe graimt to the said Edward Osbiirne,
Thoma> Smith. Hidiard St:iper, and William (iarret, their executors and administrators bv
these |)rc>enl-<, that fiie s.iid l,:n<U. territories, and dominions of the said (Jrand Sisinior, or anv
of iliem, sjiill not be \ isiieil, lrc(|iieiiied, nor haunted bv wav of marchandise by anv other our
siibiects din'ini; the said terme. contrary to the irne meaning of these patents.

And by vertue of oiir hiuh prerogatnie ro\all (which wee will not haue argued or brought
in (picstion) we straightK i h.irge and comniaiMul, and prohibite for \s, our heires, and succes-
soiirs, ail our subiects (of what degree or (jnalilie soeiier thev be) that none of them directly,
or indircelly, do ■ 'site, haunt, frequent or trade, ir.iliqne, or aduenture l)v uav of marchandise
into, or from anv of the Dominions of the saide (irand Signior, or other j)laccs abouesavde
by water or In l.inde ; other tiun the s:iiil l",dw:iril, rhonias, Richard and William, their execu-
tours or administrators, oi sm h as shalbe adinitlcd, and nominated as is aforesaide) without
expresse liceiue, ,ii;reemciil, and coiiscnt ol the "aide (rouernc'ur, and companv or the more
jt.u't >'l tiicm, whereol the s.ncl (ioni'rnoiir alwjvcs tobeonc, \pon paineof our high indigna-
tion, and of lorfeilnre and losse, as well of tin- slip and shippcs, with the finniture thereof, as
also of thi' goods, niar( li,utdi/cs, and things whalsoeuir thev he of those our Snbiects which
shall ;itt''mpl, or presume to saile, tralique, or adiicnliirc, to or from anv the dominions, or
places aboiiesaid, contr.iry to tlie pn>hibition aforesaid; the one halfe ofthe same forfeiture to
lu" to the \sc of \s, our heires \- siicce.ss<irs, and the other halfe to the vse (d" the said Edward,
Thomas, Richard and William, ancl the said compaiiie, and lurlluT to sutler imprisonment du-
ring onr |)lcasure, and such otiier punishment as to \-i. for so high contempt, shal.seemc ineete
.tnd conucnicnt.

And further of our grace specidl, certaine knowledge, and meere motion we haue condc-
scctuled and uraunted, and bv these patents for vs, i nr heires and success(>rs, doe condescend
and graiint to the s.iid I'alward, 'f homas, Ri( hard N; William, their executors and administrators,
ih.it we our heires \- successors during the said terme, will not graunt lihertv, licence or pow-
er to any person or persons wliatsoeuer, contrarN to the tenor (d' thee our letters patents, to
saile, passe, trade or tralicpie into or from the said <lominions ofthe said (Jrand Signior or any
I, f them, without the coscnt of the said Edward, Thomas, liichard iKr Williaiti, and such as

vo). II. M m shalbe

205

ir'f
mm

i -I

■if I / T

' \

'■

866

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Turkic patcnii.

shalije named or appointed as afore is said, or the most of (iicm. And that iTat any time
hereafter during the said terme, y said Edward, Thomas, Kirhard and William, or the siiniiunrs
of them, shal admit or nominate any of our siibiects to he partners iSc aducntiircrs in the said
trade to the number of 12. or vnder as afore is said, that then we our heires and sueressors at
the instance and petition of the said Etiward, Thomas, Kirhard and William, or the --uniiuors of
them in our Chaunceric to be made, and vpon the si^lil of these presents, will grant ami make
to the said Edward, Thomas, Kirhard and V\ illiani, or to the sumiuors of them, and to such per-
sons as so shall be nominated or ap|)ointed by their speciall names, surnames, & additions
as is aforesaid, new letters patents \nder the great seale of Eiiuland in due forme of law with
like agreement, clauses, prohibitions, pnniisoes and articles ( nuilalis mutandis) as in these oiir
letters patents areconteined, for, and during the residue of the said tcrme of seuen yere> ihrn
remaining vnexpired. And'that the sight of these presents shalbe sufficient warrant to the
Lord Chancellour, or Lord keeper of the gnat seale for the time being, for the making, sealing
and passinj; of such new letters patents, without further writ or warrant for the same to be re-
quired, had, or obtained. .

And the said Edward Osburne, Thomas Smith, and Kichard .Sia|)er, and William Garret and
such others as shalbe so nominated and a]>p(iinted, as is aforesaid, lo be of their trade or eoni-
panie, shall veerely during t). of ihe last yeres ol the said 7. yeres, lade out of tiiis our Kealine,
and bring home yeerely, for, and in the feate and trade of inarchandi/ing aforesaid, so mudi
goods and marchandi7.es, as the custome, and subsjdie inwards and outwards, shall amount in
the whole to the summe of adO. li. yeerely. So that the said Edward Osburne, Thomas Smith,
Richard Staper, and William Garret and the said persons so to be nominated as is afoioaid,
or any of them, or their ship or shippes be not barred, stayed, restrained or let bv any reason-
able occision from thcsaide trade or iratique, and so that the said ship or shij>s do not pcri-li
by any misfortune, or bee spoyled by the way in their \oyage.

And further, the said Edward O-borne, Thomas Smith, Kichard Staper, and William Gar-
ret, and such others as shall be appointed as afcrrsaide lo be of their said trade or ("onipany,
shall giue notice vnto the Lord Admirall of En.;latul, or to some of the priiu ipall ollicers of
the Admiraliie for the time being, of such ship or shi|)pes as they shall set loorlh in Ihe same
voyage, and of the number of .Mariners appointed to j;oe in the same ship or shippes, by
the space of lifteene davi's belore the seitiri;: or goinj; foorih of the s;iine ship or shippes.
And also the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Hit hard 5?taper and William Garret, and
such other as shall be bv liiein the saiile Edward and Hicharil, nominated to be of the said
trade, shall and will at the setting foorih of their >hip, or shippes, for the same vovage, per-
mit and sufl'er the Master of the Ordinance of \s, cuir heires and successor-, or some others,
our or their priniipall oflicers of the Ordinance, lo take a \ iew of the number and (|iianliiic
of such Ordinance, powder, and munition as shall be caried in lie said ship, or shippes,
and shall also at the returiu of the same sliip, or shi|)pes, sulfer a view lo be taken, and vpon
request made, make an accomj)! to the saidc ollic ers of onr Ordinance, of the expenses, and
wastes of the said Ordinance, jiowder, and munition, so to bee caried in the same ship, or
shippes.

I'rouided a'wayes, that if any of the said trade or Company, or their seruanl.^, factors or
sailers, in any ship by them laden, shall commit any piracie or outrage vpnn the .seas, and
that, if ihc said Companv orsocietie «hall not, or do not, witiiin rta-oiiable time, after com-
plaint made, or notice t;iuen lo the said Company, or to any of them, either satislie or re-
compense the parlies that so shall fcrlune to be robl)ed, or sjx.iled by any of the said Com-
pany, ( r sailers, in the said ships, or els shall not do their endem iir to the vtiermosi ol their
reasonable power, to haue the parties so offending punished for the same their oU'ent es, that
then, ;ind from theiicefoorlh, these present letters patents shall be viierly voyd, cease, and
deteniiine.

Prouided likewise, that if it shall hereafter appearc vnto us, our heires, or successors, thai this
grant, or the continuance thereof in the whole, or in any part liiereof, shall not be profitable
lo vs, our heires, our successors, or to this our Kcalme, that then, and from thencefoorlh,

vpon.

c patcnii,

any time

'^iiriiiuoM

n the Naid

rresKdrs ;it

iriiiiKirs of

anil make

siK h |)cr-

addiiiiiiH

il" l;i\v Willi

11 these (ni|-

ycrc> then

rant t<i the

Mf!, sealing

lo be re-

Ciarrel and
ulc or eom-
>ur IJcahne,
id, so iinu'li
I amiiunt in
)inas Smith,
IS aforouid,
any reasoii-
) not pcri-h

Villiam Car-
r Conipaiiv,
ill (ill'ie<"rs (if
in the same
shippcs, liy
) or >liip|)c>i.
Ciarrei, and
of the said
oyage, pcr-
ioMie others,
nd qiinntitie
or shippcs,
M), and vpoii
,pcnM-s, and
ine >hip, or

, factors or
ic se:i>i, and
', after eoin-
■atislic or rc-
i" said Coin-
no.-l of their
Hemes, that
tease, and

sors, that this

be profitable

hencefoorlh,

vpoii,

Laur. AUhrset).

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

vpon, and after one full ycercs warning, to be giuen vnto the said Coitipany, or to (heCiotiri^
noiir thereof, by vs. our luircs, or successors, this present grant shall tease, be voyd, and
tiefcrniine, to ail intents, ronstructions, and purposes.

Prouidcd also, that we, our heires and successors, from time to time, during the said 7.
yecres, may lawfully nominate, appoint, and authorise two persons, being fit men, to he of
the saidc company, and for want or lacke of them, two others to be aduenturers in the said
tra<Ic, fur such stiuke and summc of money, as they shall put in, so that the said persons to
bee nominated, or aulhori'^cil, shall be coiitributorie to all chari;es of the said trad^• & aduen-
lurc indilJerently, acccrdinj; to their .stocKcs: and as other aduenturers of the said trade shall
doe for their sloekcs, and so tliat likewise they doe obseruc the orders of the said Company,
allowable by this our graunt, an<l that such pei-sons so to be appointed by vs, our heires or
successor-), shall and mav, with the saide Company, and fellowship, vse the trade and feafe of
marchandisc aforcsaide, and all the liberties and priuileges herein before granted, according
to the meanini; of these our letters patents, any thing in lhe.se our letters patents contained
to the contrary notwithstandini.;.

Ami fiu'ther of our speciall grace, ccrlainc knowledge, and meere motion, we haue conde-
scended and granted, and by tlie-e presents for vs, our heires and succes.sors, doc condescend,
and grant to the said Ktlward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Staper, and William Garret,
their executors, and adminisiraiors, that if at the cnde of the said ferme of scuen yeeres, it
shall sceme mcete, and ionuenient vnto the said Edward O.sbornc, Thomas Smith, Richard
Staper, and William (iarref, or the suruiucr of them, that this present grant shall be continued:
and if that also it shall appeare vnto vs, our heires, or successors, that the continuance thereof
shall not be prciudiiiall, or hurlfull to this our Healme, that then wc, our heires, or succes-
sors, at the instance and petition of the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Staper,
and William Ciarret, or the siiruiuor of them, to be made to vs, our heires, or successors, wil
grant and make to the said EdwanI, Thomas, Richard and William, or the suruiuor of them,
and to such other |)ersons, as so shall be by the said Edward and Richard nominated and ap-
pointed, new letters patents, vnder the great seale of England, in due forme of lawe, with
like couenants, grants, clauses, and articles, as in these presents are contained, or with addi-
tion of other iietessnry articles, or change of these, in some part, for and during the full
lerme of scuen yecres then next following. Willing, and straightlv commanding, and charg-
ing all and sint;iilcr our Admirals, Viceadntirals, Justices, .Maiors, Sherilfes Escheaters, Con-
stables, BaililVes, and all and singuler our other ollicers, ministers, liege men, and subiecf*
whatsoeuer, to be aiding, fauouring, helping, and assisting vnto the said Gouernour, and
company, and their successors, and to their Deputies, oflicers, .seruants,a.ssignes, and ministers,
and euery of them, in executing an<l enioying the prcmis.ses, as well on land as on sea, from
time to lime, and at all times when you, or any of you, shall be thereunto required, any
statute, act, ordinance, prouiso, proclamation, or restraint heretofore had, made, set forth,
ordained, or proiiided, or any other matter, cau.se or thing to the contrary, in any wise not-
wiihstandinu.

In witne—e whereof we haue cau.sed these our letters to be ni.ide patents, witnesse our
selfe, at Wt-^iniinsicr, the II. day of September, in the 'i.'l. yeereof our raigne

The first voyage or iourncy, made by Master Laurence .Mdcrsey, ^far(•hant of Lon-
don, tc the Cities of lerusalem, and Tripilis, &:c. in the yecre 1681. Penned
and set (lowne by himselfe.

1 Departed from London the first day of April, in the yeerc of our Lord l.')H|, passing
tlirougli the N'ether-lanil and vp the riuer Rhenc by Colen, and other cities of (Jcrmanie,
And vpon Thursday, the thirde day of May, I came to Augusta, where I deliuered the letter
I had to Master lenise, and Master Castlcr, whom I found very willing to pleasure me, in any
thing that I could or would reasonably demaund. He first i'urnished me with a horse to
Venice, for my money, and then tooke me with him a walking, to shew me the Citie, for that T''''i«r.|.t„.f
1 had a day to tary there, for him that was to be my guide, lie shewed me first the State- uclimi',"' "

M m 2 house.

•! • t I

'.mil

IH ,|(

>u .

268

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Lniir. AMenei/.

house, which is very faire, and beautiful: then he broujjht mee to the fiiu"*! uarclon, and
orchard, that euer 1 sawe in my life: for there was in it a place for Cannrie liirdcn, :n lar:e am
a faire Chamber, trimmed with wicr both abouc and beneath, willi fine little liranchrs of
trees for them to sit in, which wa* full of those ("anarie birdes. There wa* such an otlu-r for
Turtle dooues: also there were two jjijjeon house- idsnin^ to them, lianinj; in llicm store of
Turtle dooiies and |»i<;ci>ns. In the sinne ;;ardcn also \>cre sixe or soiien li-liponds, ;ill railed
about, and full of very ^ood lish. Also, seuen or einlil (ine fountaines or water springs, of
diners fashions: .ts for fruite, there wanted none of A\ sorts, as Orenucs, lijjues, raisons,
wallnuts, j;rape,s, besides apples, peaces, lillbirds, small nuts, .ind such other fruite, as wee
haiie in England.

Then did hee brinfj mee to the water tower of the same Citie. that by a slei)i;ht and deiiise
hath the water brounht \p as lii){h as any Church in the low no, and to IcI vou the str.m^c
deuises of all, it |)3sseth my capacilie. Then he brought ine in anolluT fiire jjarden, called
the Shooters hoose, where are buts for the lonu bowe, the cro>se bowe, the stone bowe, ilio
ionn pcece, and for diners other exercises more.

After this, we walked about the w.illes of the Citie, where I- a urcat, liroadc, and <lcr|ic
ditch, vpon one side of the towne, so full of li«li, as eiicr I saw any pond in mv life, and it
is reserued onclv for the States of the Citie. And vpnn the other side of the Citie is .ilso s
deepe place all jireene, wherein Deere are kept, ar.d when it picaseth the .States to hunt fur
their pleasure, thither they resort, and haue their courses with jjrayhounds, which are kept Iit
that purpose.
Vtnite. The fiftof Mav, I departed from .\n);nsta towards Veni<'e, and came thither vpon Whitsun-

day, the thirteenth of the same moneth. It is ncedlesse to speakc of the hciijht of the moiin-
taincs that I passed oner, and of the ilanijer thereof, it is so wel knowen alreadv to the
world: the hcij;th of thetn is marueilous, and I was the space of si\e dayes in passini; them.

I came to Venice at the time of ;i Knire, which lasted foureteene daves, wherein 1 sawe very
man), and faire shewcs of wares. I eame thither too sh'Tt for the jirst passage, which went
awa\ from Venice about the seuenth or eijjht of .May, and with them about three score pil-
grims, which shippe was i ast away at a towne called Kstria, two miles from X'eiiice, and :ill
the men in her, sauinjj thirtie, <'r thereabout, lost.

Within eifjhi d.i\es after fell Corpus Christi day, which was a dav amonjjst them of [inues-
sion, in which was shewed the plate and treasure of Venice, wlii( h is esteemed to be worth
two millions of pounds, but I do not acconipt it woorth hallea tpiarterof that monev, except
there be more than I sawe. To speake of the sumptnon-nesse of the Copes and X'cstments of
the Church, I leaue, but llie trueth is, they be \ery sumptuous, ni.uiv ot tliem set all iiier
with pcarle, and madeof cloih of j>olde. And for the lesuits, 1 thinke there be as many .it
^'enice, as there be in Colen.
nitnumhrrof The iiunibcr of lewcs is tlicrc thought to be UKJ(), who dwell in a (crtaine place of the
Uwt! m Vtimt. ciijc^ ;,i,d haiie also a phice, to whi(h they resort to prav, which is ( .liled the lewes Siii;i-
jjo;{{U'. They all, and lii'ir ('tls|)riMn yse to we.ire red c;ips, (for so thev an' comm.uinilcd )
because they may thereby In- knowen from other men. For my further kii' wledi^e of ihc>-e
|)eople, I went into their Siiia',"'i;ne vpon a Saturday, which is their Sal>l)ath d;iv : and i found
them in their seruice or |)r:i\ers, verv deuoule: they rccfioe the line bookes of .Moes, and
honour them bv carving them :iboiit their Churdi, as the Papists doe their crosse.

Their Synaf;oy;ne i- in J'orme round, and the people sit round about it, and in the niicUt.
there is a place for him that rea<lelh to the rest : as lor their apparell, all of them we;n <• .i lar';c
white lawne oucr their jjanncMts, which reachcth from their head, downe to the f^rouiid.

The I'sahnes they sing as wee doc, hauin^ no imajje, nor vsinj; any mat cr of idolatrie;
their ( rror is, that they beleene not in Christ, nor yet receiue the New 'IVstanient. This
Cilie of Venice is very I'aire, and grcitly to bee commended, wherein is jjood order for ail
thin)i;s: and also it is very strong' and populous: it standeth vpon the maitie Sea, and hath
many Islands about it, that belong:; tu it.

To tell you of the duke of Venice, and of the Seigniory : there is one chosen that ciur

bcareth

Y:it

lildtriteti.

lien, and

1^^

■* lar. c ,m

H ' \

jiiulicx of

B 'i

oilier I'lir

11 'lure of

:ill r.-iikvl

irin^s, of

■>■, nii-idiK,

H '

', ai wee

mil (Iciii-ic

111' s!r.in'4c

»ii. lalli'd

l)<l\VC, Ilic

111(1 <Iocnc

lil'f, niul it

^^Ki"

lie is .ilsii ^

^B^^*!

(1 luini I'cr

irc kij)t ((T

11 WhiMin-

r ili«' moim-

cacly Id tlu-

^M''

sini; ihoni.

1 sawt* very

H.t'

wliirh Wfiii

c riciiri' |)il-

le, anil all

n (if pniic-^-

^K";

lO l)t' WlTlll

^^B(->

incv, I'Mcjit

H/1

'csinu'iiis i,r

set all ( iicr

• as many .it

^^B''

pl.H c III the

■

k'ucs Siii;i-

wnin.imiclrd)

^■'S

1^1' i>t' ihi-c

and i Inund

r .Mi'>cs, and

n flit" niicl-t,

wcaio .1 lar^c

,r<)nii(l.

of ididatrie:

imciit. This

crdcr Icr :iil

ra, and hath

en that i-iur

bearc-tlt

WB^

Law. Aldersty.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

8(i9

bcareJh ihc name of a dnkr, but in tnicth hcc is but scruant to the Scignioric, for of him-
•clfc hcc can d .c title: it is no otherwise with him, then with a Priest that is at Masse vpo a
fesiiualda), which piiltinK on his jjoldcn garment, secmcth to be a ureatman, but if any man
come vntii him, and craue some friendship at his handcs, hcc will say, you must goc to the
Masters of the Parish, for I cannot pleasure you, otherwise then by preferring of your suite:
and SI) it is with the <lukc of Veniee, if any man hauinj? a suite, come to him, and make
his ro.nplaint, and dcliuer his siipplieation, it is not in him to heipe him, but hcc will tell
him, Yiiii must come this day, or that day, and then I will preferre your suite to the .Seij,',ni-
orie, and doe viui the best friendship that I may. Furlherinore, if any man bring a letter
vnto him, lice inay not open it, but in the presence of the Scignioric, and they are to see it
first, which being read, perhaps they will dcliuer it to him, perhaps not. Of the Seigniory
there be about three hundrcth, and about fourtie of tiic priuic Counsell of Venice, who
vsually are arayed in gownes of trimsen .Sattcn, or crimscn Damaske, when they sit in
Counsell.

In the Citie of Venice, no man may weare a weapon, except he be a souidicr for the Scig-
nioric, or a schollcr of Padua, or a gentleman of great countenance, and yet he may nut do
that without licence.

As for the women of Venice, they be rather monsters then women. Euery ShoomakersTht«u«K<rf
or Tavlors wife will hauc a uownc of silke, and one to carie vp her Iraine, wearing their shooes'^'.'J *°""" "'
very iiccre halfe a yard high from the ground: if a stranger mcetc one of them, he will surely
thinkc by the state that she goeth with, that he meetclh a Lad\.

I departed from this Citie of Venice, vpon Mid.sommer day, being the fourc and twentieth
of liine, and thinking that the ship would the next day depart, I stayed, and lay a shippc-
boord all ni^lit, and wc were made beleeue from time to time, that we should this day, and
that day depart, but wc taricd still, till the fourteenth of July, and then with scant winde H'''"''"'|!'"«
wc set sayle, and saylcd that <lay and that night, not abouc (iflic Italian miles; and vpon the uuiwicm.
iixtcene day at night, the wiiule turned flat contrary, so that the Master knewc not what to doe:
and about the lift houreof the night, whicii we reckon to be about one of the clockc after
midnight, the Pilot descried a sailc, and at last percciued it to be a Gallic of the Turkes,
whereupon wc were in great feare.

The Slasier being a wise fellowe, and a good saylcr, begannc to deuisc howc to escape the
danger, and to loose litle of our way : and while both he, and all of vs were in our dumps,
God sent vs a merry gale of winde, that wc ranne threescore and lennc leagues before it was
twcluc a clockc the next day, and in sixe dayes after we were seuen leagues past Zante. And
vpon Miinday morning, being the three and twentic of the same moncth, we came in the
sight of Candia which day the winde came contrary, with great blasts and stormes, vnlill the
eight and Iwenlieof the same moncth: in which lime, the Mariners cried out vpon me, be-
cause 1 was an Fiiglish man, iV sayd, I was no good Christian, and wished that I were in the
niiddest of the Sea, saying, that they, and the shippe, were the worse for me. I answered,
irucly it may well be, for I thinke my selfe the worst creature \\\ the worldc, and consider
you your sclues also, as I doe my selfe, and then vsc your d. .■' ion. The Frier preached,
and the sermon being clone, I was demaunded whether I did ' i Icrstand him: 1 answered,
yea, and tolde the Frier himselfe, thus you saide in your scrmoii, that we were not all good
Christians, or else it were not possible for vs to haue such weather : to which I answered, be
you well assured, that we arc not indecdeall good Christians, for there are in the ship some
that hold very vnchristiaii opinions: so for that time 1 satisfied him, although (they said) that
I would not see, when they said the proccssitin, and honoured their images, and prayed to our
Lady and S. ivlarke.

There was also a Gentleman, an Italian, which was a passenger in the ship, and he tolde
mc what they said of ine, because I would not sing, Salue Rcgina and Aue M.iria, as they did:
I told them, that they that praicd to so manv, or sought hclpe of any other, then of (Jod the
Father, or of lesus Christ his onely sonne. goe a wrong way to workc, and robbed God of his
honour, and wrought their owne deslnictioiis.

AH •

Ti \y

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VOYACES, NAUIOATIONS,

/.aur. ,tlil(vwii

Ctpni'.

Uyf-

I \'''

n^'ii).

All lliit \iM told llio Tricru, but I lir.inl nuthinj; of it in three daicn after: ami thru st
piicninj; prayer, they sent the purser aliciul viih the im:i','c of our I.aily to rncry rinr to ki>M'.
iV I perrciiiinp it went another wav I'roni him, and would not so'' it: vet at hwt lie fetched his
eourie about, ho that he eanie to nu-, & oll'ercil it to me as he did to others, hut I refused ii:
■whereupon tiiere was a j^reat stirre: the patron and all the iritrs were told of it, and eucrv
one saide I wa« a Lutheran, and so ealletl mt\ btil two of the friers il.at were of greatest an-
thoritie, sci-med to beare me lielter good will then the rest, and traiiellcd to the patron in my
liehalfe, and made all well acaine.

The seeond day I'f August we arriued in Cvpni.t, at a tnwne ealled Missnjih: the people
there be very rude, and like bea«ls, and no better, thev eat their meat Milling vpon the
ground, with tiieir legges a crossc like tailors, their bed» for the most part be hanl stones,
but yet some of them haiie fairc matlraecN to lie vpon.

Vpon Thursday the eight of Augu»t we came to Inppa in a small barke, which we hired be-
twixt Missagh and Salina, and eould not be suH'ered to come on land till iioone the next dav ,
Tiif Bathi ui and then we were permitted by the great Basha, who sate vpon the top of a hill to see vs sent
awav. Ueiiig eoine on land, we might not enter into any house for victuals, but were to content
our seines wilh our owne prouision, and that which we bought to carie with \s was taken from
vs. I had a |).iire of stirrojw, which I bought at Venice to serue me in my journey, and trying
lo make them tit for me, when the Dasha saw me vp before the rest of the companie, he sent
one to dismount me, and t i strike me, whereupon I turned me to the Ha*ha, and made a long
legge, saying, (iraiid men le .Signior: and after a while we were horsed vpon litle asses, and
"(■lit away, with about liftic light horsemen to be our conduct througli the wildernesic,
( .illed Dcserta foclix, who made vs good sport by the way with their pikes, gunnes, and
faiu bins.

That ilay being S. Laurence d.iv, we eaine to Kama, which is tenne Italian miles from
loppa, and there we .staved that niL'ht, and paved to the captaine of tlie e.nstell euery m:in a
chekiii, wliich is seuen shillings and two pence sterlinj;. So then we had a new gard <d"soul-
ilier-. and left tlie niher.

Tlu" hi'iise we lodged in ai Hama had a donre so low to enter into, thii I was faine to creepe
ill, as it were vpon my knees, & wiiliin it are three roonies to lodge lr;iuellers that come that
way: there are no beds, except a man buv a mat, and lay it on the ground, that is all tlu-
prouision, without stooles (.r heiK lies to sit vpon. Our victuals were brought vs out of the
lowne, as hennes, egj.e-, hie. id. great store of liiiite, as pomgranates, figges, grapes, oringes,
and sill h like, and drinke we drue out of the \\v\\. The towiie it sclfe is so riiinated, that I
fake it rather to be a heape of -lones tliena townc.

'J'hen the next morning we thought to haiie gone away, but we could not be permitted thnt
day, so we stayed there till two of the clocke the next morning, and then with a fresh gard
of .souldicrs wc de]iarted toward lerusalem. We had not riilde line Knglish miles, but we were
incounired with a great number of the Arabians, who staved vs, and wdiild not sutler v» to
passu tilJ they had soinewivit, so it co>t vs for all our gard aboiie twentie shillings a man be-
twixt loppa and lerusalem. These Arabians troubled vs oftentimes. Our Truehman that
p.iycd the money for \s was siriken downe, and had his head bioken bec:iiise he would not
;;:iie them as much as lliey asked: and thev that should haue re-cued both hiin and vs, stood
still, and dur-t doe nothing, which was lo our cost

liciiig come within sight o|' Icritsalein, the maner is to kneele downe, and giue (iod
tliankes, that it hath pleased him to bring vs to that holv plate where he hiinselfe had beene:
and there we leauc our horses, and go on foote to the towiie, and being come to the gates,
th; re they looke our naii'e-, and our fathers names, and so we were permitted to go to our
I'idgings.

The gouernor of the hou.se met vs a mile out of the towne, and very ciirteously bade vs all
welcome, and brought \s to the monasferie. The gates of the eitie are all eouered with yron,
the entrance into the house of the Christians is a very hiw' & narrow doore, barred or plated
with yron, and then come wc into a very darke entry : the place is a monastery: there we

lay,

tlitrutih Aia-

\\.% jrnuji I
•iie ii^lit oi

Laur. jildtruy.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

871

lay. & dieted nf free rn<it, vie fared renHonahle uell, the hrend and wine was excellent
go<Kl, the rh:iinl)rr» cUmmc, iS. :ill the meat well xrriicd li), with clcanc liiincn.

We lay at the inonnkicrir two days, Friday and Saturday, and then we went to Bethlcm with
two or three of the Iricr^ of the house with vs* : in the way thither wc «nw many monumcntt,
as:

The mouiilaine where the Anuell tookc up Abacuck by the haire, and brought him to Da-T*" ««'"""«'*
nicl in the Lumi* dcnnc. iimuiim.

The foiintainr of the prophet Icreniic.

The place where the wIhc men nict that went to Bethlcm to worship Chrivt, where ia a
fountuinc offitone.

Being come to Hethlem wc»awe the place where Christ was borne, which ia nowachappcll
with two altars, whereupon they say masse: the place ia built with gray marble, and hath
bene beautifull, but now it is partly decayed.

Necre therein is the sepulchre of the innocenta slainc by Herod, the aepulchrca of Paul,
of leronie, and of Ku^el)ius,

Also a little from this monastcrie is a place vnder the ground, where the virgine Mary abode
with Christ when Ilerod soii^lit him to destroy him.

We stayed at Bethlcm that nigiit, and the next day Wc went from thence to the moiinlaincs
of ludea, which are about ci^ht miles from lerusalcm, where arc the ruines of an olde mo-
nasterie. In the mid way from the innnasterie to lerusalcm is the place where lohn Baptist
was borne, being now an olde moiiasterie, and caltell kept in il Also a mile from lerusaleni
is a place called Inuentio aancto: crucis, where the wood wa^ fouiul that made the crosMc.

In the ciiie of lerusalem we saw the hall where Pilate sate in iudfremcnt when Christ was
condemned, il)e staires whereof are at Rome, as they told vs. A litlc from thence ia the
house where the virgin Mary was borne.

There is also the piscina or (ishpoole where the aickc folkea were healed, which ia by the
wals of lerusalem. But the p(Milc ia now dry.

The mount of Caluaria is a great chuich, and within the doorc thereof, which is litle, and
barred with yron, and fiue great holes in it to looke in, like the holes of taueme doores in
London, they sit that are a|>pointcd to receiue our money with a carpet vnder them vpon a
banke of stone, & their Icgges a crosse like tailors: hauing paid our money, we are per-
mitted to go into the church: right against the church doore is the graue where Christ was
buried, with a great long stone of white marble ouer it, and raylcd about, the outside of the
sepulchre ia very foule, by meanes that euery man scrapes his name and marke vpon it, and
ia ill kept.

Within the sepulchre is a partition, & in the further part thereof is a place like an altar,
where they say masse, and at the doore thereof is the stone whereupon the Angcll sate when
he sayde to Marie, He is risen, which stone was also rowled to the doore of the sepulchre.

The altar stone within the sepulchre is of white marble, the place able toconteincbut foure
persons, right ouer the sepulchre is a deuise or lantcrnc for light, and ruer that a great louer,
auch as are in England in ancient houses. There ia also the chappcll of the sepulchre, and in
the mids thereof is a canopie as it were of a bed, with a great sort of Hsiridge eggcs hanging
at it, with tasicis of silke and lampes.

Behindc the sepulchre is a litle chappell for the Chaldeans and Svri:ins.

Vpon the right hand comming into the church is the tombe of HaKlwine king of France,
and of his uonnc: and in the same place t''e tombe of .Melchisedech.

There is a chappell also in the same church erected to S. Helen, through which we go \ p s. HcUm jii-
to the place where Christ was crucified : the stayres are fiftie steps high, there are two altarsf*"'
in it: before the high altar ia the place where the crosse stood, the hole whereof is trimmed
about with siluer, and the depth of it is h.ilfe a mans arine deepe: the rent also of the moun-
taine is there to be scene in the crcuis, wherein a man mav put hisarme.

Vpon the other side of the mount of Caluarie is the place where Abraham would haue

sacrificed

' 'I

¥ 1

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Laur. AUhruy.

\i> %\

i ' 'I

' )•

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(turn Icltiijltin

' I .«jh ,

/ -.rtt.

jtarrilircd hii« nonno. Wlirrc alitn i^ n iliaprll, (inil (he pluir paucd with wloncit ol ilinen

(Dloiirt.

There i^ aim) the hnihc of AiinaM the hi^'h Pric'*!, ami tlic Oliiir tree whrrrunto ('hriNt wan
hiMiiul when he was wliipt. AUo the hmiNe of CaiphaH, anil hy it the prinoii where ('hritt
K.i'< kept, which is but llir nxmie nl one man, and hath no li^ht but the openiii); of the
ill. lire.

Without Ieni>ialem in the vallv of loxaphot it a chtircl) vnder the Kronnd, like to the Nhroudu
in Pauls, where the sepulihre ol' the virgin Mary is : the stnins be very broad, and vpon the
Niaires );oin); dowiie are two sepuUhres: vpon the left hand Heth losaphal, and vpoti the ri^ht
hand lielh loachnn and Anna, the lather and mother of the virgin Mary.

(ioinj; out of the valley ol' lusaphat we rame to mount Oliuet, where Christ praird vnio
his I'ather bel'iirc his death: and there is to be seenc (as they lolde me) the water & blood
that I'ell I'roni the eyes ofChrisi. A litle hijjher vpon the same mount is the place where the
Apostles slept, and watched not. At the lout of the mount is the place where Christ was
imprisoned.

Vpon the mounlainc also is the place where Chri»t stood when he wept ouer lerusalem, and
where he amended into heauen.

Now liauinjj seeiic all these monuments, I with my companv set from lerusalem, theiiOday
of Anjjiist, and came againe to loppa the 'i2 of the same moiu-ih, where wee tooke shippini;
presently f r Tripnlis, and in fourc dayes \vc came to .\fecina the place where the ithipii lie
that coive for Tripoli*.

The I iiie of Tripolis is a mile and a halfc within the land, sn that no ship can come further
then Mccina: so that ni^ht I came thither, where I lay nine dales for passa;;e, and at last we
in)l)arked our .selues in a ijood ship of Venice called the new Naue lia^asona. We entred the
ship the second of September, the fourth we set saile, ihescucnth we came to Salina, which
is |4() miles from Tri|)olis: there we stayed I'oure dayes to take in mure lading, in which
nieane lime I fell siike of an a;;iie, but reiimtred againe, I praise (iod.

Salina is a niiii:ilcd citie, and was drstroved bv the Turke ten \eeres past: there are in ii
now but sfuenlic'iie persons, wnnien and i hililren. A liile from llii-. i iiic of Salina is a salt
piece of groiiiul, where the water growelh ^alt thai lainelh V|)im it.

Thiiisdav the 'il of Sepicinber, we rainc to .Mj>.Hagli, it there we slaved eight dayes for
our lailiii;;; the 18 of Scptcinlier bclorc we came to .Mis-.iuli, and within ten niih-s of the
iinviic, as we lay at an anker, bri aiise the wiiidc w.is conlrarv, tlieie ciiiie a great boat full
of men lo boord vs, they inailc an excuse to seeke for liiire nu'ii which (ihev said) our ship
hail taken from theirs about Tripolis, but our captaine would not suffer any of them to come
in to vs.

The next morning they came to vs againe with a preal gallv, manned with .'i(K> men at \
least, whereupon inir captaine sci^t the boat lo llic;i\ with Iwrjiie men to know their |)lc.xsiiri'.
lliev said ihiy siiii;ht lor 4 men, and therefore woulil taike with our niaisler: so then llie
tiKii-iers ni.ilp was sent tliem, and him ihev kept, and went lluir w.w: the ni'\l nKirnmi;
liiev (aim- againe with him, & with ihrec olher gallirs, aiicl llicii vmiiiIiI nr< ili's speake willi
oiir r.iptai'ir, who went to lliem in a gowne of i riiiiviin d.ini l«^e, and (llier \ers braue ap-
p:irill, aiiil line or si\e oilier urntlemen rii hlv .i|i[)ar<ll('il aUo Tliev h mini; the 'I'lirks sale
roiuliirt, •.jicwi'il it to the raplainr of the jjallii's, .iiid l.iiil il \pi.ii his lie.id, charging him in
obey ii: so with iniiih adoe, :ind wilh ihc jjill ol KM) pieces of golde we were (piit of thcin,
ami had our man againe.

I'hatday as aforesaid, we came to Missagh, ami llicre slaved eight davis, ami at last de-
parted tiiwanis Canilie, wilh a scant wimlc.

The II (la\ of Orlobei wc were bnordiij wilh foiire gallics, manned with l'.i(K) men, whii li
al-o nvule a slrciielcsse arrant, and liiniblcd \s very iniiili, but our caplaiiies jiasporl, and the
gill ol |(ll»( lickins ilisihar/;eil all.

The Ti (if Oitnber we pa-^se^l by Zaiiic with a nierrie wiiide, the 21) by Corfu, an<l the

third

Patwp. qf Malta. TIlAFriQUES. AND DISCOUEKIF.S.

thint oF Noiirmbrr wc nrriurd at Utria, and there wc leri our Kreal *hip, and iooke vmailiiui*
boalcn to brinn vk Id Venice.

The U (>r Niiiicinher I nrriurd agn\n at Venice in f(ood health, where I niaied nine daiea,
,111(1 the 2j III' the •tnme monrlh I ( ame to Aiigii'^ln, nnd Htaied there hut unc d.iy,

The 27 of Nouember 1 net towardt Nuremberg where I lame the '49. and there itluied till
the Wol' December, nnd wa* \«Ty well intertciiied oC the DngliNn inarchnntN there: and the
f;()uern()r4 oFthe lowne sent me and my company ^ixtecne ^(allnnN of excellent ^otHl wine.

Front then( e I went to Frmklord, from Franklord tu C'ollen. from Colleii to Arnam, from
Arnam to Vtrei^hl, from Vireif;ht to Dort, from Dort to Antwerpe, fron» Antwcrpe to Fliixh-
tn^, front Fh^hiiiK lo Lninlon, where I arriucd vpon TwelFe euc in Naletic, and ^aue thank*
to (mkI, hnuin>; finished my ionrney to Irrusalem and home ajraine, in the Npacc of nine
moncllw nnd line dayex.

The passeport made by the great Maister of Nfalta vnto the Fnglishmen in the

barke HnjnohU. ljH;>.

Fllerc lluRo de I,(iid)cux Verdala, Dei jjralia Marra; domuo hcwpitaliM Nancti loannltt Hicro-
Mulyniitani ntngi'tler humilis, |)auperumi|; lesn Chrixti ciNto«, vniuer!tiH& Ningulixprincipibu*
ecclesiasticis U Nerularibux, arrhiepiNCopi^, rpiNcopiN, ducibus, marchionibuH, baronibus
nobilibu'*, capiiaiieis, vicedominit, prxfecli^, castellanin, admiralijs 8i quibusciinque trire-
mium \cl alionim nuni};iorum palronin, ac cinilatum recloribun, poteatatibu8 ac mag int rati bux.
cocterlsciuc oiricialibiK, & qnilxHcunque perMonin eiiiu^uiii dignitaliii, graduii, ittalUH & con-
ditioiiii t'lierini, xbilibet locoriim & terrarum conHlilutiN, Halutem.

Notum rM'iinu!4 ^ in vrrbo verilatiit niie.tiamnr, come nel mestedi Maggio proNsime pasuiato
Ic nostre galore venncro dal viagKio di Harberia, done haiiendo niandalo per socorrere a vn
gnlionelto de ('hrisiiani che liauea dato Irauerso in <|iiclle parti, essendo arriuali Nopra qiiesta
isdia alia p;irte de ponente Irouarono vna naue Ingle-a, sopra cargo de essa il magnifico Gio-
thuini Keale, iV Dauid Filly pairono, volendo la reconwcerc chc naue foase, han vi.^to, che
se iiiclteua in online per del'endersi, diibiiando che detle norttre galere foiMerodc inimici: &.
per (he \ n ninriiiaro rinolio'.e contra la voloitia de dclli magnincnCiiouanni Keale & Dauid
Filly, hnbbi lir.ito \m tiro di ariiglieria verso vna de delte galere, & chc non He amangnaiia
la vela de la Miiie>tra secciulo la volonta de delli magnilico (iinuanni Keale & Dauid Filly
patnino, I'lirimeiisit.i deti.i iiane nel presente general porto di Malta, Nccondo I'ordine del
\en(rniido (ienirale de detle galere, Sc essendo (pia, ntonxignor Inqiiiiiitorc ha impedita
qiiella per conto del <>anci() olHciu, i\: t>i diede parte alia Mantita di niwtro .signer Gregorio
papa xiij. A la tin fii licenriata per andarsene al suo viaggio. Ilan d6nq; humilmente
supplicain deiti niagnilii'o (iiouanni Keale iV Dauid Filly per nome & parte delli magnifici
F,dwardo Osborn senaiore & Kicliardo Staper irierrhanri ln;2lesi della nobile citta di l.ondra,
\ anro di Tliomaso Wilkinson scriuano, piloli, nocheri, & marinari, gli voles-simo dare le
nostre lelterc patentc & saliio condtitto, accioclie poiranno andare & ritornarc quado gli
pnrera cnmmodo con alcuna roba & mercantia a loro beiuiisia: si come noi, es.sendo cosa
giu»ta & che retornera cominoda a nnstra relligione & a quesii frrrestieri, per tenor de 11
presenti sc gli haliiamo contesse con le conditionc per6 infra scritte. videlicet:

Che ogni volln chc detti mercadanti con sopradetta naue n con alira non portcranno mer-
rantie de conlrabandn, & che constara per fcdc authenticn U con lettere patcnte de oanila,
poteran liheralmente viclunliarse de tultc le victuaric neceiwarir, & pmticare in questa isola
& doniinij, & poi pnrlisene & scgnirc suo viaggio per done volesMcro in Icuantc o altroue,
come (iitti aliri vaselli & specialmentc de Frances! & allri nationi, h di vcnderc 8c comprare
(pial ?i voglia mercantia a loro benuista.

Item, (he potera portare |M)lucre de canonc &. di archibuso, salnitro, carboni di pctra ro-
setla, plaiine dc rame, stagiio, acciale, fcrro, carisi-c commune, tela grossa bianca per far
tcnde (Ic galere, balle de ferro de calibro, petre dc molino fine, arbore &c antcnne de galere.
basiardi ft alieri. Ft in cimcliisione, haucndn visto che loro per il tempo che restarano qua,
.si portorno da lideli \ Catliolici Chrintiani, & che sua santtita h;i!)bia trouato bono il «aIuo

vol.. II. N n condutto

ita

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-if' - '

,11 ' .

274

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Passep. of Malta.

condutto del gran Turko a loro concesso, per il tiinordclla annata Turkesca & di altri vasclli
de iiiimici, inherendo alia volonta di sua sanctil;\, & massime per che haiiera de andarc &
passare per diuersi lorhi & tanto lontani come Ingiltcrra, Flandra, & tiilil parti di ponentc,
& in altroue, a noi ha parso faric le prcsente nostre lettere paiente come lidelc conucrsarorc
nostro, accio piu securanieiitc & scnsa obstaciilo possa andarc & ritoriiare quaiulo li pnrcra
con delta naue o con altre. a loro benuisla. Per tanto donque tutti & ciasciin <li voi siidetti
an'octiiosamente pregam. , che per qnal si voglia de vostra iurisditionc, alia quale detto inag-
nifico Giouanni Keale & Daiiid Filly anomc quo supra ton la naue & marinari de dctti loro
principali o altri caschcra, nauigare, passare, & venire sirurainente, alia libera, sensa al-
cuno (listurbo o altro impedimcnto li lasciate, & facciate lasc iarc, stare, & passare, toriiaro,
fc quando li parcra partire, talnientc che per amore & conteni|)Iatioiie nostra il detlo iiiagiii-
'ico Giouanni Kcalc a nome quo supra ron le naue, marinari, & niercantia non habbi ilifTi-
culta, fastidio & ritcntione alcuna, anzi sc gli dia o<{ni ajiiiito & lauorc, cosa dognacli voi,
•jiusta, & a noi f^ratissima, de rcconipcnsaruila ron vt;ualo & majijiior seruitio, {juanilo
dall'orr.isionc ne saremo rerhicsii. Et finalmente comniandami.U) a tiiiti & ([iial si V( f;lia rclli-
giosi & frati de nostra relligione di qual si vojilia codilionc, jjrado & stato che siano, iV^a .
tutti ricenitori & procurator! nostri in (utti & qual si voylia j)riorati nostri dcputati & di^)ii.-
tandi in vertu di santa obedientia, i.^ atutti nostri vassalii & alia ^iurisditionc di nostra rclii-
gione sogefti, che in tale & per tale tenghino & reputino il dclio magr.ilico Giouanni Keale
a nome vt supra, naue, marinari, & mercantia, scnsa permittcrc, die ncl ilctto suo viag^io,
o in alcun altro luogo sia molestato, o in qual si voglia inancra inipeilito, an/i tiitie le ccm'
sue & negotij loro sian da voi agioutati & continuaniente fanoriti. In cuius rci testimonium
Bulla nostra magistralis in cera nigra pra-scntibus est imprcssa. Datiu Mclilcc in tonuenlu
nostro die duodecimo Meniiis lulij. \jH'1.

The same in Knglisli.

FRier Hugo of Loubeux Vcrdala, by the grace ofCJod, master of the holv house, the hos-
pital of ,S. lohn at Icrusalem, and an humble keeper of the pofjre of Icsus Christ, to all ft
euery prince ecclesiastical & secular, archbi'h p •, bishops, Dukes, Marqiicses, Baroiis,
Captcincs, Vicelords, Maiors, C.astclianes, Admirals, and wlialsoeucr patrons of (Jallies, oi-
other greater shippes, anil goucrnors fif cities, potentates and niagisiraics, and other ofliccrs
and persons whatsoeuer, of what digniiic, dcgrei', state and condition s.icuer they be, dvvc-
ling in all places and landes, greeting.

We make it knowne, and in the word of truth do witnesse, that iri the moneth of Nfay last
past, our gallies cnme on the vovage froni Harbarie, where hauing conimaiuleiiient to succour
a little ship of the Christians which was driuen ouer into that part, being arriued \pon this
Hand on the West part lliey found one Knulish ship vnder the charge of the worshipfull Ijhn
Keele, and Dauid Fillie mister: and our men willing to know what ship il was, thev seemed
to put themselues in order for their defence, doubting that the said our gallies were of the
enemies, & therefore one mariner attempted contrary to the will of the woivhipl'ull lohn
Keele, and Dauid Fillio maister, and hid shototVa [liece of arlillerie against one of the said
gallies, and because she would not strike amaiiie her sayle, according to the will ot the saide
worshipfull lohn Keele, and Dauid Fillie iraster, the said ship was bniiglit backe again vnio
the present port of Malta, according to the order of the reuerend geneiall of the said gallies:
and in being there niaisier liKjiiisitor staid it by authoritie < f the hols < flii e, and in that hc-
halfe bv the holinesse of our Lord |)opp Cregorie the thirteenth, in the end wis licenced lo
de|)art on her voyage. Thev therefore the sai<l worshipfull lohn Keele and Dauid I'lllic, in the
name and behalfe of the worshipfull master lylward Osborne Alderman, and Kiihard .Stapcr,
English manhants of the nipble citie of London, haue humbly besought tng<ther wiili
Thomas Wilkinson the purser, pilots, master and mariners, that we would giue our letters
patents, and sale conducts, that thev might goe ami rcturiu", when they shall see ( ppnriu-
nitie, with their goods and inerchanili/.es at their pli.isure: whereupon the thing seeming
vnto VH iiisf. and that it might be for the profite of our religion, and of these strangers, hy

the

holy

giiin,

name

age,

all til

wher

Malta

Fran(

iniiic

inspe

■fiirii

nobis

iloI)l>

cesse

ncm

siciite

Pasucp. of Mall a.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEKIES.

S?5

»hc tenor of these presents wc linue graunted the same to them : yet, with the conditions herc-
uiidrr written, viz.

That ciicry lime ilic said marchants of the said ship, or with any other, .shall not bring
.smh niarchandizc a'i is forbidden, and that by sufficient proofe and letters testimonial it ap-
pcarelh that they are Trie from the infections of the plague, they may victuall themselues
with all neccssariu victuals, and traftike with \s, and in this Hand and dominion, and after-
wardo may depart and follow their voyage whither they will into the Lcuant or else where, as
all other vcsscN, and especially of France and other nations do, and sell and buy whatsoeuer
marchandi/.c llicv shal tliinke good.

I*en), that thcv mav bring powder for cannon and harqucbush, saltpeeter, cole of New-
castle, pl:itrs of iattin, linnc, steel, vron, comon karsies while, course canuas to make saiic
for the gallics, ballcs of yron fur shot, line miistones, trees & masts for gallies, litle and
others, and in conclusion, hauing scene that they for the time of their abode here, did be-
haiK' themselues like faithfull and ratholike Christians, & that his holincs hath allowed the
saleconduct of the great Tnrke to them granted for I'care of the Turkish armie, and other
vessels of the enemic, submitting our selucs to tl>e pleasures of his holines.so, and especially
because our people haue occasion to passe by diners j,-laces so farre off, as England, Flan-
ders, and all parts Westwards, and in other places, we haue vouchsafed to make these our
letters |)alrnls, as (nir faithfull assistant, so as more surely, and without let they may go and
reiiiriic when tliev sh,\ll tliinke gocul, with the said ship or with others at their pleasure. We
thcrefiirc pray all and ciicrv of your subiec . eHectually thai by what part soeuer of your iuris-
diction, vnio the whicii the said worshipfull lohn Keclc and Daniel Fillie l)y name aboucsaid,
with llie ship and mariners of the said ])rincipall place or other, shall have accesse, saile, &
])nsse, and ( cme salVlv with liberiie without anv tiisturbance or other impediment, that vou
giiie leaiic, and lau-e Icaue lo be giuen that thev may j)asse, stay and retiirne, and when
tiny ])li\i.c, (lc|inrt, in sncli sort, that for our loue tt coiitentation the said w«r>hipfull lohn
Keclc, with the sl.jp and mariners iiaiic no let, hiiulcrance, or retenlion, also that vou giuc
all lu'lp,' .rul ';iU(nir, a thing worthv of \our iusiice, and to vs most acceptable, to be re-
( o)n|)cn( ed with cqnall and i;r('aier seruice, when vpon occasion it shalbe retpiired.

.\n(l linaih , wc command all, and whaisuener religious ])cople, and brothers of our reli-
gion, (if uhats, cucr mnditidn, degree, ,ind state they be, and all other receiuers and pro-
curators, in all and wliaisocuer our priories deputed, and to be deputed by vertuc of the
holy obedience, and ail ( ur jicople, and all that arc subiccf to the iurisdiction of our reli-
gion, that in, and bv the same tiicv holil, and repute the said worshipfull lohn Keeic in the
name as abnncsaid, the ship, mariners, and march,>ndi/e, without let in the same their voy-
age, or in any other place, iliai thev be not molested, nor in anywise hindered, but that in
all ilicir causes and bu-inesse thev be of you holjicn, and furthered continually. In witnesse
whercol'. our scale of gniiernincni is impressed to these presents in blacke wa\e, Giuen at
Malta in vur ("onuent, the twelfih of the moncih of Iidv, in the yecre IbS'i.

The (iuecnes Commission vnder her great scale, to her seruant master William
llareliorne, to be licr maieslies Ambassadour or Agent, in the partes of Turkic.
I.JS'i.

IiLIZ.\lM'/rHA, Dei optimi Maxinii. ronditoris, &■ rcctoris vnici dementia, Anglia-,
rranci.e, I'v: Hiberni.r Hcgina, vera- (idci contra Idololatras falso Christi nomcn profitente*
inuieta iV poienlissinia propugnatrix, vniucrsis. ^*t singulis ])r,Tsentcs has liieras visuris, t*fe
inspeeiuris, sahitem. Cum aiigustissimus, i*s; inuiclissimiis princeps, /uldau Murad Can,
■furiici re^ni Dominalor potentissimus, impcriicpic Oricntis .Monarcha, fuuius, amiciti.imquc
nobiscum |)ercusseril, iurauerit<pie, (cpiam nos perpetuis fir ris temporibus, (piantum in
nobis erit, inuinlaie sernarc destinamus) ad c.'inuiue niagis oi uaiulam, illustrandamque con-
cesserit idem augustissimus Imperalor subditis nostris liberam su.as merces excercendi ratio-
nem in omnibus Musulinaniei imperii sui pariilnw. cum lam ampla iiriuiicgiorum conccs-
••imie, i|u;\m alijs bonis priueipil)us, soc.js, ct la'dcratis nostris largitus est, (pionun priuilc-

N n 2 'jiorum

' .*!

t ',»

*1 r i'i ,

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

M. Wil. Harborne.

H i i\

ill \

'■ ^ '

'• j

giorum donationem nos gratam, acccpt.'imqiic habentcn, pari cum aiiiini !;ratit
certum habemii!), deliberat^mque, nihil in votis habcntcs poliiis qi):\m bonnr

itiuline colere
tamqiie, nihil in votis habentcs poliiis qii:\m bonoriim erj^a nos
principum animoa beneuoloa honoratissima mcntc i'oiirre, promercriqiic : Sciati'4, ikih desin.
gulari erga nos, obsequiCimque nostrum, fide, obscruanlia, prudenlia, & dcxteritate miiliuin
nobis chari Guilielmi Hareborne, fe custodibus corporis no.stri vniu.s, pluriinum conOdeiiiiN,
cum Oratorem, Nuntium, Procuratorcm, & Agentcm nosJrum certum & indubitatum ordi-
namu!), facimus, & constituimus, per praesentes : dailies el, & concedentes potcstatem, iV
autlioritatem, nomine nostro, & pro nobis pr.'cdictu nmiciiiu; Icediis conlirmandi, priuilc^id-
rum coiicessioiiem in manus siias capicndi, ratamqiie haliendi, omnibus & singulis subiiiijs
nostris, Musulmanicis oris terrisque nrgotiantibus, pro Maicstatis no-itnc aiithorilate |»r,iH i-
piendi, mandandfque, vt sint in suis commercijs, (juamdiu, quoticsquc cum Mansulinaiiicis
versantur, dictorum priuilcgioruin pracscripto (ibtem[)cranfes in omnibus, ac per omnia, lul
obsequia tanta amiiitia digna sc componentcs, ac in delinqucntes in fa-diis nostrum iustiiiani
exequatur. Potestatem, & autlioritatem ei damns in oniiies, & singiilos siibdilos nosiriu in
quibuscunque & lociii, & partibiis Musulinanici Imperlj di<iniiiationi vubicclis ncgotlaniiN,
constitucndi empnriorum suorum sedes in qtiibus voluerit portubus, & ciuitatihus, in aiij-iM--
tandi, in constitutis autem emporiorum sedibus, consulcs curandi, leges pra-rcplionesqiie li--
rendi, condcndiquc, quarum ex prwscripto dicti nostri siibdiii, iSc eorum (juilibot soe pulj-
licc, it priiiatiin gerant, corum violatorcs corrigendi, castigaiuli(|; omnia (lenitjuc & singula
faciendi, prrimplenclique, quae ad dictorum sul)ditoruin nosimrum honcstani gnbernationein,
& commercij exerccndi in illis partibus raiionem pertinent: pro'iiitientcs bona tide, & in
verbo Kegio, nos ratum, gralum, & lirmum babitui'as, qua-( inxpic dictus Orator, dv Ai;cii>,
noster, a legibus nostris non abhorrcntia in priemi-<>is aut pi<x*nu^sor(iin ali(|u<> feceril. lu
cuius rei testimonium, has literas nostras lieri fecimus p.iicntrs, & sigilli iu)>lri iniprt'^sinMC
iussimiis muniri. Datum 6 castro ni»iro \Vin<lcsori:L", '^). ilii- .Mensi-< Nouembris, Anno Icsu
Christi 158^. regni vero nostri, \icesimo (piarto.

The same in Knglish.

r.Lizabeth, bv the clemencie of the ino-^t good and most gront (iod, iIk- ouK rrcatur anil
gouernoiir of all things, (iiieene of Ivnglaiid, I'rancc, and Ireland, iniiiiuibK-, and nio-i
mightie defender of the true faiih, agaiii-t all Idol.iteis faUly pr.^ieN^iii; the name of C'ln>t,
to all and singuler persons, to whose '•i;;ht and view thc>e mir present letters mav cinr.f,
greeting. Whereas the mo>t rcnownied, and nui-t imiiinihle I'riiice ZiiMan .Murad if'.in, llic
most mighty gouernour of the kingdom of Tiirkie, and Monarch of iheKist liiniiire, liaih
entered into league and friendship with vs, (which we for our part, as iiuiih as lieili in \s,
doe purpose solemnly, and ininolablie to kcepc in all times to come) and where is f^r ilie
better countenancing and authori/.ing of tlie >anie, the fore-avd lenownicil Knipcronr hath
graunted vnto our subiects free libertie of tralli(|iie, in all the |)arles of his sacred l!n)pire,
with as ample and large a grant of priuileges^ a- is ;^:lu'n to other ;;o ;il Princes i~w n< ii;li-
boiirs and confederates, the grant of which piiuileues, we taking \erv tiiankfulK, anil ac-
ceptably, are certainely, and ihrouuhly determined to keepe and mainelaiiie, with ti'e like
goodnesse and curtesic of ininde, dcsiriin; nothinu more, then with an honourable rcsiject
to nourish, and deserue the bcneuident alleclions of hockI Princes toward \s: Know \v, that
wee thinking well, and hailing go<id conlidence in the singular trustiuesse, olx-dience, wise-
dome, and disposition of our welbeloued seruaunf William Hareborne, one of the llsquiers
of (mr body, towards vs, and our seruice, doe by these presents, make, ordaine and coii-
.stitute him our true and \ ndoubted Orator, Messenger, Deputic, and Agent. (Jiuing and
granting \nto him power and authoritie, in our name, and for vs, to coiiljrine the furoaid
league of friendship, to take into his hands, and to rati(ie the grant of the priuileges, and
to cominaund, and enio) ne by the aiithoritie of i ur .Maiestie, all and sinunlar c ur .Suhiecis
trading and dealing in an\ of the coastes and kingdoines of that Ijiipire, that as lung as they
remaine in trilbip.e with his subiects, they be obedient li> the prescription and order of the
forcsayd priuileges, applying themselues in ail things, and through all things, to such din -

lies

Icii'l

Li'f

M. Wil. Harborne.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

277

tie^ and sieruiceH as appcrtainc to so great a league and friendship, and the ofTenders agaynst
this our league to rccciue iustice, and punishment accordingly. We further giue vnto him
power and authorille ouer all and singuler our Subiects, dealing, and vsing traflique in any
place or part whatsocuer, subiect to the gouernement of that Empire, to appoint the placo*
of their trafliciues, in what Haucn or Citie it shall please him, and to prohibite them from
all other places, and wheresoeuer their trafliques are appointed to bee kept, there to make
and create Con-iuls orGouernours, to enact luwesand statutes, by the vertue and tenor where-
of all our foresayd subiects, and eucry one of them, shall both publikcly and priuatcly vsc
and behaue themselues, to correct and punish the breakers of those lawcs : and la.sl of all,
to doe and fulfill all and singular things whatsoeuer, which shall seeme requisite and conue-
nicnt for the honest and orderly gouernment of our said subiects, and of the maner of their
traflique in those parts. Promising assuredly, and in the word of a Prince, that whatsoeuer
shall be done of our sayd Orator and Agent, in all, or in any of the premisses, not repug-
nant and contrary to our lawes, shall be accepted, ratified, and confirmed by vs. In witnesse
whereof, we hauc caused these our letters to be made patents, ;ind our scale thereunto to be
appcnsed. Giucn at our Castle of Windsore, the 20. day of N'ouember, in the yeere of
Christ 1I»82. and of our raigiie the 24.

The Qucenes Letter to the great Tnrke Ii»S2. written in commendation of.Master
Harcborne, whei. he was sent Amba-isadour.

ELIZABETH &c. ;\u<rustissimo inuiciissiniuque principi, &c. Cilm ad postulatum nos-
trum C"a'>arca vc-ira Maicstas, anno saluatoris nostri Icmi lot'O. pacis fredus nobiscum pepi-
gerit, coniuiu'tum cum liberalissima pririlegiorum quo-undam concessione, quorum bcne-
licio subditi ncsiri cum omni sccuriiate luiissim^ liberrin.vque ad vniuersas &: singulas \fu-
sulmanici iinperij ve.siri partes terra marique prolicisci, in iit-que commcrcij exercendi frratia,
negoliari, habitare, manere, e\indc(,ue ire & .-edire cuir. volent queant, ab ijs qui sub Ca;-
sarca vestra Maicstate in magislratu sunt vbique loconim protegendi dcfendendique sine \ lla
vcl corporuni, vel bonoruin IfBsione: nos tantic concessionis beneficium uratum acc'?pturn-
que habcntcs, (juaiitum in nobis c>t, approbamus confinnami'isque : pollicentcs in vcrbo re-
nio, quiid nns eandem paccm sine vlla violatione sarlam tectamq; conseruabimus : lacie-
musq; vt "-ubditi ncsiri priuilcgiorum sibi indultorum concessione iia vtanlur, vt ('a'>aream
\cstrain Nfaicsfatem magnlficeniis«imir swx liberalitatis luinquam pocnitere queat. (iiioniain
autem coiuessionis huius virtus in vsii j)otiiis quiim verbis, .Maiesiatis vtriusq; nostrum sen-
teiitia, piincnda \i(letur, voluimus hunc mandalarium virum (iuiliclmum Hareborne, ex >a-
tcllitibii.'i quibus ad corporis nostri (utelam vtinnir vinim, virum compluribus \irtuiil)us or-
nntum, ad ('.-csaream votr.un NLiiostatem ablegare, qui turn nomine nostro vobis gr.itia-i age-
ret, lum vi cius opera vieremurad earn ^ubditorum iiostrorum men iinoniorum raiionem sfa-
bilicdam, taui in Impcriali vestra ciuitate C'oiistantinopoll, (piAm alijs impcrij vcstri .\(usul-
manici'Iocis, cpur ex pra'scriplo iiriuilegiorum, Ciesareu- vestra- M.iic^laiis bcnignitatc, con-
cedilur, & ex vsu subtliloruni \Iriusii; no>irum cril. Ad cpiain rem (|Uiiiiiani ((lus illi crit
C'rxare.T vestra" Maiesiatis aulhoritate, sumina contentione ab cadein mgamus, \i'lit id rijtere
apud omnes qui '•ub sc in uiagistralu sunt, vt ({utbtis(ii[\q; potorunt mcli(iril)us nuxlis luiic
no-ilro mandatario in Citsareie vcstr.'e Maiesiatis placilo exequendo, adiutores sint i^ esse
velint. Ei enim banc curam demaiulauiinus, in «)ua quarn liilem suam sit honesie liberaturus
erga Maiestatem vlriust); nostril neutiqtiam dubitamus: cui etiam, vt in omnibus sint olneiii-
perantes nostri subdiii, quantum Ciesarce vestr;e M.iicstati) coiup^sio patitur, voliimus.
Pr-J'terea, cum pra^clariis vir Mustafa sacra- Ca-sarea- vcstr.-e .Maie>t:ili> .Musiilniannoiiim iii-
ter|)re« cgregiam naiiarit operam vt hoc inter nos la-diis ficrct, rcu-iinus suniniopcn"' \t in
nostram gratiam eum in Miisiafaracarum ordinem (■.I'sarca ve>itra Maic^Lis rccipcrc diiiiiclur.
Si in his aliisque omnibus honestis caiisis hie noster aucii-. subdiii(|; nostri liii|)cratoria' ves-
tra' suhlimitatis a-quanimitalem senserint, fion-bit inter has gcntes rmbile commerciuin, iV
nos omnibus oflicijs huic vestrje Maiestatis fauori 8e bciicuo!eiiti;e t-^i vlla nitioiie rebus ves-

trii;

[Tes.

'Ml

ars:

VOYAOES. NAUIGATIONS,

The Q, Leiiir.i.

■II. km

'■ >^

1 •

', 'f

hcint- iCilt am-
',1 i=s.»dor to tlic
■lulkc.

A reiju'Ct for
rltc prcfiTit

ivis commoiliie |j()tcriinii!i) responilerc libenlissimfe semper paratiE crimus. Deus optiinnn
maxiintis miindi opifcx, &c.

Tlic same in English.

ELizabctii by llie {riarc of the most mis^iitie God and only creator of hcaiien and earth, of
Infjl.iiul, Franit anil Ireland Qucenc, the most iiniincible and most mighfie defender of the
t'linsti:ui faith against all kind of idolatries of all that line among the Christians and falsly
proFcssc the name of Christ, vnto the most Impeiiall and most inuinciblc prince, Sultan
Murad Can, the most mighty ruler of the kingdom of Turkie, sole aboiie all, and most so-
iieraigne ^I()narch of the Eii-t Empire, erecting.

Whereas at our request your Impcriall Maicstie in the yeerc of our Sauiour lesus 1580.
hath entered into a league of peace with vs, whereunto was vniled a most large & boun-
tiful giant of (crl.iine priuileges, by bcnefitc whereof our subierts may with all securitic
iu,:sl safely and freely trauell by Sea and land into all and singular parts of your Musul-
manlike Empire, and in the same exercising the trade of merchandi-ie, may tradique, dwell,
remainc. ilcpart from thence, and rcturnc thither at their pleasure, and in all places he
in lintainrd jiul (lefonded from all damage of bodies and goods, by such as are in authoritie
\ iMler viiiir liiipeiiall Maie>lie : we thankfully and gratefully rcceiuing the benelite of so
ureal a priuiicLie, as much as in vs lieth doe appnx'ue and confirme the same, promising in
tlie worde of a Prince, that wee will keepe the said league perfect and iiuiiolable, and will
cause our subiects so to vse the grant of the priuileges giucn vnto them, as your Impc-
riall Maicstie shall neucr haue occasion to repent yoa of your most princely liberalitie. And
because the force of this grant, in the iud^cment of both our maiesiics, seemeth rather
to consist in the vse tiierof, then in the wordes, we thought good to send vnto yourlmperiall
niaiestie this i iir ambassadour William Harcborne, one of the Esquiers of our body, which
both on our bchalfc should yeeld thanks vnto your maicstie, and also that we might vse his
good indcnour for the cstabli»liin v of siu'h order in oursid)iecls trade of merchandise, as well
in vour Imp.riall citie of C<)ii>iai'.iinop!e, as in other places of vourNfusuInianlike Empire, ns
acconliji- to the prescript of the priuilcucs is jrnuited by your j)rincely maiesiies goodnesso,
and sliall he for the benelite ft' both our subiects. For performance whereof, because hce
stjndeth in iieede of vour Imperiall Maiesties authoritie, wee earnestly beseech the same,
that vou would cause all those which bee in authoritie vnder your Highncsse, by all their bc-.t
inenncs to aide and assist this our .Ainbassadoiir in executing this your Imperiall Maiesties pU-a-
snrc, for vnto him wee hauc committed this charge : wherein how honestly hee will discharge
his credite toward both our Maiesiies, I no whit stand in doubt: to whom also our pleasure
is, that all our subiects shall bee obedient, as farre as the grant of vour Imperiall maiestie
doeth permit. Mnreoncr, whereas that woorthie personage .Mustafa, your Impcriall maiesties
ilil.?. Interprctnr, hath taken sjuciall paines forthe jirocuring of this leaijue betweene vs, wee ear-
nestly beseech you that for our sakes your Imperiall .Maiestie would vouchsafe (oaduance him
vnto the degree i^f the Musiafarak^ or ihiefe pensioners. in these and in all other honest

causes, (!ur aforesavde .Agent and our subiecfes shall finde \our Imperiall Ilignesses faiiour,
;: noble fradiipu' will flourish betwrene tliest- nations, and wee (if bv anv way wee mav stand
vonr.St.itc in stea.lc) will alwavcs most willingly be readie to requite tliis vour Maiesties fa-
iii.iir and good will with all kindc of good ofliies, Almightie Ciod the maker of the world
(ire-crueand keepe your Imperiall .Maiestie, \'c.

.\ Letter of the Quecnes Maicstie to .\lli IJas-a (lie Turkes high Admirall, sent by
her amlia^^adoiir M William Il.irebomc, and (Icliucred vnto him abuord his gallic

in the Ars nal.

I'.l.l/AHETUA, ivc lllu-lrissimo \iro Alii Bas<a, miijni Musulmanici Cic-aris Adminilio. sa-
Itilem & -iicrc>>ii-, foitun.itc s, N'on i);nolum esse l',\cellenti,T vestr;e arbilr.umir, priuilegia
(),;edam ,i po;cnii-,-,imo C.evire Mu-ulmanico domino xestro clementi-simo xiibdiiis no-tris
,\nglicis coni'cssa essi-, vt illis liceat in ornnibu* intpcnj .Musulmanici prouincijs tuto i^ic secure

manere

M. Rich, llakluyt.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

879

tnanere ac ncgotiari : non aliter qiiikin hoc ipsum Francis, Polonis, Venetis, Germanis antea
inclultum est. Qua ex causa nos Gulielmiim Hareborne nobi- dilectum, fe corporis custodibus
vnu, ac multis nominibus ornatum ad inclyfam Cori.-iuminopolis ciiiitatem pro ageiitc misimus :
qui ex priuilcgiorum pr.xdictoruin proescripto nostras & subditoriim nrstrnrum res in illis
locis constiiueret. Facere igitur non pntiiimus, quin Excellentia; vestrac Guiliclmum hunc,
proeaquaapud magnum CaE«arem poiles authoritate, commcndaremus: potentcssiimmopcre
vt tuto in mari sine Classiariorum veslrorum vioientia, & securi? in portibus absque minis-
trorum rapinis & iniuria, tarn ipse qu:\m omnes Angli siibditi nostri possint vcrsari : \ ti pro
teiiore lilcrarum patcntium ii magno Cicsarc conccssarum illis licere ex illarum conspcctione
perspicuum esse potest. Gratissimum ergo nobis cxcellentia vestra facerit, si porluum omnium,
aliorumque locorum, qui vcstrje iurisdictioni parent, custodibus, item classium & naiiium
prasfectis omnibus mandare velit, vt Guilielmus iste, aliiquc Angli subditi nostri cum in illo-
rum crunt potestalc, amic6 & humaniter tractarentur. Quemadmodum nos vici-isim omnes
magni Cassaris subditos omni hiimaiiitatis gencrc tractabimus, si in Occani maria, ali;'iue loca
venerint, quae nosiro parent imperii). Postremo excellcntiam vestram pro coqucm in nostros
extendct fauorc ij* omnibus oflicijs proscquemur, qiix a grati-isima principe in optime <ie se
merentes dcbent proficisci. Beni; & fu^lititer vnleas. Datum 6 castro nostroVVindesorij die
vicessimo inensis Noucmbris, Anno lesu Christi saluatoria nostri 1382. Ilcgni ver6 nostri
viccssimo quarto.

A briefe Remembranre of things to be indeuourcd at Constantinople, and in other
places in Turkic, touching our Clothing and our Dying, and things that bee in-
cident to the same, and touching ample vent of our naturall commodities, & of
the laliour of our poore people withall, and of the gencrall enriching of this
Realtne: drawcn bv .M. Hichanl llakluyt of the middle Temple, and giuen tea
friend that was sent into Turkic laS2.

1 ANile wherewith we colour Blew to be brought into this realme bv seed or roote.

2 .\nd the Arte of rompounding of the same.

.'1 And also all other herbes vsed in dying in like mnner to bee brought in.

4 .\nd all Trees whose Leaues, Sccdes, or Barkcs, or Wood doe scrue to that vsc, to be
brought into this re.dme by Sceil or Route.

."i .Ml little Plants and Bu-*kes scruing to that vsc to be brought in.

(i To learne to know all earths and minerals forren vsed in dying, and their naturall places,
for possible the like may here be found vpon sight.

7 Also with the materials vsed in dying to bring in the exccllencie of the arte of dying.

8 To procure from Xtuhaisira a citie in /Egypt to Constantinople, the seed of Sesnmum the
hcrhe, and the same into mis realme. Common trade is betweene Alexandria and Constanti-
nople, and therefore you may easily procure the seeds. Of this seed much oyle is made,
and many mils set on worke about the same in the sayd Muhaisira, and if this scede may
prosper in England, infinite bcnefite to our Clothing trade may rise by the same. This citie
is situate vpon Nilus the riuer, and thence this is brought to Venice and to diners other Cities
of Italic, and to Antwerpe.

9 To note all kindes of clothing in Turkic, and all degrees of their labour in the same.

10 To endeuour rather the vent of Kersies, then of other Clothes as a thing more benc-
ficiall to our people.

1 1 To endeuour the sale of such our clothes as bee coloured with our owne naturall colours
as much as you can, rather then such as be coloured with forren cohuirs.

12 To secke out a vent for our Bonettos, a cap made for Barbaric, for that the poore people
may reape great prolite by the trade.

i;J To endeuour vent of knit Stocks made of Norwich yarne. Si of other yarne, which
brought to great trade, may turne our poore people to great benelite, besides the vent of the
substance, of our colours, and of our diners labour.

14 To

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ric. Haklmjt.

14 To ciuleiior a vent of our SaflVon for the benefit of our poore people: for a large vent
foiinil, it sctfeth many on workc.

Rcmcmbrancis for master S. to giue him the better occasion to informe himselfe of
some things in Enj;lantl, and after of some other things in Turkie, to the great
prolite of the Common wealc of this Coiintrey. Written by the foresayd master
Ilicharil Hakluyt, for a principall English Factor at Constantinople Ibb'd.

Since all men confessc (that be not barbaronsly bred) that men arc borne as well to seeke
the common commoditic of their Countrey, as their ownc prinate bencfitc, it may sccme
follir to perswade that point, for each man meaneth so to doe. But wherein men should
seeke ihe common commodiiie, and what way, and by what meanc that is to bee brought
about, is the point or summe of the matter, since euery good man is ready to imploy his
labour. This is to bee done by an infinite sort of meanes, as the number of things bee infi-
nite tiiat m.nv be done for common bcncfite of the Kealme. And as the chicle things so to
bee done be diners, so are they to bee done by diuers men, as they bee by wit and maner of
(■(liicati.m more fit, or lesse fit, for this and for that. And for that of many things that tend
to (he ccmmoii bencfite of the State, s(imc tend more, and some lesse, I finde that no one
Thing, alter one other, is greater then Clothing, and the things incident to the same. And
vniler>tandiiig that vou arc of riglit good capadtie, and become a Factor at Constantinople,
and in other partes in Turkie, I iinde lu) man fitter of all the English Factors there, then you.
.\iul therefore I am so bold to put you in minde, and to tell you wherein with some indeiiour
vou may chaunce to doe your Countrey much good, and giue an infinite sorte of the poore
j)eople occa-^ion to ])ray for you here throughout the Kealme : this thai I meane is in matter
of Cloth, tVc.

i First, you cannot denie but that this Kealme yeeldeth the most fine Wooll, the most soft,
the most strong Wooll, the most durable in Cloth, and most apte of nature of all other Id
receiue Hie, and that no NIand or any one kingdomc so small doeth yeeld so great abinid-
ance of the >amc : and that no Wooll is lesse subicct to mollies, or fi> fretting in prcsse,
then lhi<, as the old Parliament robes of Kings, & of many noble I'eercs t > be siicwcd
nia\ |)lainly teslide.

2 There is no commodiiie of this Realmc that may set .so many poore subiects on worke, as
this doeth, that doelh lu mg in so much treasure, and .so much enrich the merchant, and
so much employ the Nauie of this Kealme, as this commodiiie of our Wooll doeth.

Ample and full V'ent of this noble and rich commo<litie is it that the common wealc of
this realme doetli require.

Spaine nowe aboundelh with Wools, and the same are Clothed. Turkic hath Wools, and
so hauc diuers prouinccs of Chriitendomc and of Healhenessr, and cloth is made of the
same in diuers places.

I JJut if England haue the most fine, and the most excellent Wools of the world in ail
respects (a* it cannot bee denied, bill it halh) 2 If there may bee added to the same, excel-
lent artificiall, and true making, and excellent dving, .'1 Then no doubt but that we shall
haue vent for our Clothi's, although the rest <if the world did abound much more with Wool
ihen it doelh, and although their workemanship and their dvin^ were in cueiy degree cciuai
with ours of l'".n;il,iud, vnlesse the labour of our people inployed that wav, and ihc materials
vsed ill dvinu ".Iwiiilil be the catise of the conlrarv bv dearth.

Hill if Forren iiaiioiis turne their Wools, inlerioiir to ours, into truer and more excelieni
made clolh, and shall die the same in truer, surer, ami more excellent and more dele( fahie
colours, then sh:ill thev sell and make ample \eiil of their Clothes, when the English <!(iih
nl beKer wooll shall rest vnsold, lo the spovie of the .NIenhant, of the Clothier, and of the
breeder of the wooll, and to the turning to bag and wallet of the inliniie iinmbcr of ilie
poore peo|)le imploied in clothing in seiierail degrees of labour lure in England.

Which

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V)M wralc of

liiii'lisli C.'olll

M Ric. Hakluyt. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Which things waycd, I am to tell you what things I wish you in this Realme, and after in
Turkic, to indcuoiir from time to time, as your laisure may permit the same.

Before you gnc out of the Realme, that you learne :

1 TO know wooll, all kind of clothes made in this realme, and all other employments of
wooll, home or forren, be ^ same in Felt clokes, felt hats, in the red knit cap for Barbarie,
called Boncltos riigios colorados, or whatsoeuer, &c.

All the deceits in Clothmaking ; as the sorting together of Wools of seuerall natures, some
of nature to shrinkc, some to hold out, which causeth cloth to cockle and lie vncucn.

The euill sorting of thrccd of good or bad wooll, some tootoo hard spun, some tootoo soft
spun dcliucred to be wouen.

The faults in Weaning.

The faults in Walking, Rowing, and Burling, and in Racking the Clothes aboue measure
vpon thcTcintnrs: all which faults may be learned of honest men, which faults are to be
knowcn to the merchant, to be shunned and not to be vsed.

y Then to leariic of the Diers to disccrne all kind of colours; as which be good and sure,
ami which will not liold : which be fiire, which not ; which colours by the dearth of the
substances bee dcare, and which by reason of the chcapenesse of the Materials with which
they 1)1' died, be cheapc colours.

'S Then to take tlie names of all the materials and substaunces vsed in this Citie or in the
realme, in dying of doth orsilke.

To learne to know tlicm, as which be good, which bad.

And what colotirs they die.

And what jirices they l)e of.

And of them wliic h bee the Naturals of this Realme, and in what part of the Realme they
arc to be had.

And of all the forren materials vsed in dying to know the very naturall places of them, and
till' plcniie or the scarcenesse of each of them.

Tiiese things superlicially learned in tlic realme before you goe, yon are the fitter in forren
l)aris to seme your (,'oinilrey, for by this meanes yon liaue an cntcrie into the thing that I
wi«h yon ti> traucll in.

What yon shall doc in Turkic, besides the busincssc of your Factorship.

1 rOrasnuich as it is reported that the Woollen clothes died in Turkic bee most excellently
(tied, you shall send home into this realme certainc Mowslers or pieces of Shew to be brought
III the diers hall, there to be shewetl, partly to remoouc out of their heads, the tootoo great
opinion ihey haiie concciucd of their owne cutming, and partly to moouc them for shame to
cndcuour to learne more knowledge to the honour of their countrcy of England, and to the
vniiiersall benefit of the realme.

'i Yc II shall deiiise to amend the Dying of England, by carving hence an apte yoong man
brought \ p in the Arte, or by bringing one or other from thence of skill, or rather to deuise
to bring one for Silkes, and another for Wooll and for W(Ki!len doth, and if yon cannot worke
this by ordiiiarie i .miics, then to worke it by some great Bassas meanc, or if your owne
( reditc then- be not snllident by mcane of vonr small abode in those parties, to worke it by
the lielpe ol the French ambassador there resident, for which purpose von may insinuate
your sdfe into his a<(piaintance, and otherwise to leaue no meanc vnsought that tendeth to
tills end, wherein yon are to doe as circuinstaiues mav permit.

.'{ fhcii to learne to know all the materials and substances that the Turkcs vsc in dying, be
they of llirbcs, simple or compcunul, be they Plants, Barkes, Wood, Berries, Secdes,
(Iraines, or Minerall matter, or what els soeuer. But before all other, such tilings as yccid
tiiosc fainoiis colours that carrie such spcciall rejiort of excellencic, that our Merchaunts may
bring iliein to this realme by ordiuaric trade, as a light mcane for the better vent of our
liothes.

vol.. II. O o 4 To

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288

Suvply nf the
warn ui uile.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOVS,

M. Rich. Haklutft.

4 To know the vsc of those, and whcrr the natiirall place of thoni and of cch of them is,
I mcanc the place where cch of tliem proweth or is bred.

5 And in any wise, if Anile that coloureth blew be a naturall commodity of ihoxe parts,
and if it be compounded of an hcrbe, to send the same into ihis rcalme by seed or by root
in barrell of earth, with all the whole order of xowinjj, sellin>f, planting, rcplaiitiiii;, and
with the compoundinj; of the same, that it may become a naturall commodity in this reaiine
as Woad is, to this end that the high pri(e of forreine Woad (which deimiireth yeerely j;rcat
treasure) may be brought downc. So shall the marchani bus his cloth lessc deare, and m) \w
slialbe able to occupy with lesse stocke, be able to aloord t loth cheaper, make more ample
vent, and also become a j;reatcr gainer himselfe, and all this to the benelit of this realmc.

6 To do the like with lurbe i*t plant, or tree that in d)it)g is of any excellent vsp, as t«
send the same bv seed, berry, root, iS;c; for by such mcancs Sallroii was bniughf lirst intu
this rcalme, which hath set many pnorc on worke, and brought great wealth into this rcalme.
Thusmav Siimack, the plant wherewith the most excellent bl.u ksbcdicd in S|)aine, bcbroiii.ht
out of .S|)Miiie. and out of the Hands of the same, if it will grow in this more colde ciinilit.
For thus was Woad brought into this reahne, and came to gond pfrfcction. In the great Io<,i«
of the Trench our olde enemies. And il dolh inanicllously import this rcalme to make n.i-
turall in this rcalme such things as be spc< ial in the dving of our clothes. .\nd to spcafcc c f
such things as colour blew, they are of greatest vsc, ami are grounds ol the most excellent
colours, and therefore of all other to be brought into this re.ilme, be it Anile or anv other nia-
tcriall of that qualilv.

7 And because vellowes and greenes are colours of small prices in this reainie, by rca^cn
that Okie and Greenweed wherewith they be died be naturall here, and in ^.'re.it plenu
therefore to bring our clothes so died to <ommon sale in Turkic were to the ;;reat beneht
of the marchanf, and other poore subiects of this rcalme, for in sale of sncli our owne n.i-
tiirall colours we consume n:)t our treasure in forren colours, an<l vet we sell our ownc trille.
dearely perhaps.

8 The woolles lieing nnturall, and excellent colours for dying becomming bv this meanr<
here also naturall, in all the arte of Clothing then we want but one onciv sj)e(iall thing. For
in this so temperate a cliinat our people may labor the yere thorowouf, whereas in some re-
gions of the world they cannot worke Cor extreme heat, as in some ofh<T regions tliev caniict
worke for extreme colde a good i)arlof the yere. And the people of ihi-^ re.ihne by the great
and blessed alnindance of victiiall are cheaply fed, and therelore m.iy afoord their labour
rheape. And where the Clothiers in Flanders by the flatnesse of their riiu-rs cannot make
Walkmilles for their clothes, but are forced to thicken and dres«e all their ( lotlies bv the fonf
and by the labour of men, whereby their clothes are raided to an higher l)rice, weof Knirla.,,!
haue in all Shires store of milles vpon falling riuers. And these riuers being in lemperatr
zones are !iot dried vp in Summer with drought and heat as the riuers be in Spaitir and ni
hotter regions, nor fro/en vp in \\ inter as all the riuers be in all the North regions of the
world: so as our milles may go and worke at all times, and <lresse clothes (heaplv. Thin
we haue also for srowring our chithes earths and elaies, as Walkers clav, :uid the cla\ il
Oborne little inferior to Sope in scowring and in ihicking. Then also haue we s(,me reason-
able store of Alum and Copporas here made for dving, and are like to haue inirea>e of the
same. Then we haue many good waters apt for d\ ing, and ])eo|)le to '■pin and to doe the
rest (fall the labours we want not, So as there wanteth, if coloin-s might be brou.;hf in and
made naturall, but oncly Oile: the want whereof if any man could denize to vuppK at the
full with any thing that might become naturall in this reahne, he whatsoeuer lie were timt
could bring it about, might deseriie immorfall I'.rne in this our Common wealth, and -ik li a
deuise was ollirred to the Parliament and refiiseil, hecau-e they (lenie<l to endow him with
a certaine liberty, some others hauing obtained the same before, that jjractised to worke that
efl'ect by Hadish seed, which onely made a triall of small ({uaniitv, and tliat went no furtlicr
to make that Oilc in plenty : and now he that offered this deuise was a niarchant, and is dead
and withall the deuise is dead with him.

.V. Rich. Hakliiijl.

TRAl'FIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S83

U is written by one that wrote of Afrike, that in Egypt in a city called Muhaisira there be i.eo Africiiui
many milies impioycd in making ol'Oile of the Heed of an herbe tailed Sesamum; Pena and '*''• *'
I,ol)dl, I'hystirians, write in our time, that this herbe in a codded herbe full of oily seed, and
that there iJi plenty of this secdc brought out of Egypt to diners Cities in Italy. If this herbe
will prosper in this realme, our marrhants may easily bring of it, &c.

'.) Hailing heercin thus troubled you by raising to your minde the consideration of ccr-
faine things, it shall not be impertinent to tell you that it shall not be amisse that you note
all the onltT of the degrees of labour vscd in Turky, in the arte of Clothing, and to sec if
any was- tlicv ixccll in that profession our people of ihise parts, and to bring notice of the
•inmc into this realme.

10 .\n(l if you shall (inde that they make any cloth of any kind not made in this realme,
th.it is there (>(' f;rc'at vse, then to bring of the same into this realme some Mowsters, that our
people may fall into the trade, and prepare the same for Turkic : for the more kinds of cloth
we can ileuise to make, the more ample vent of our commoditie we shall hauc, and the more
>.ilc of the labour of our poorc subiects that els for huke of labour become idle and burdenous
Id the common wcale, and hiirlfull to many : and in England we arc in our clothing trade to
I'rame our .st-lues acconling to the desires of forrcn nations, be it that they desire thicke or
thinne, broad or narrowe, long or short, white or bl.icke. 1 1 But with this prouiso alwayes,
that our (loth passe out with as much labour of our people as may be, wherein great consi-
deration ought to be had : lor (if vent might so admit it) as it were the greatest madnesse in
the world for vs to vent our wooll not dotheil, so were it madnes.sc to vent our wooll in part
or in the whole turned into broad cloth, if we might vent the same in Kersies: for there is
great (lillorcncc in profit to our people betwccne the clothing of a sacke of wooll in the one,
and the like sacke of wooll in the other, of which I wish the marchant of England to haue as
■•rcat »are ;is lie may for ihc vniiicrsall bcnrlit of the poorc : and the turning of a sacke of
wooll into Honeis is beltiT then both &c. ,\nd also not to cary out of the realme any cloth
white, but died if it may be, thai ihe subierts of this realme may take as much benefit as is
possible, and rather lo seeke the vent of the clothes died with the naturall colours of England,
then such as be died with forren colours.

12 And if of necessity we must be forced to receiiic certainc colours from forren parts,
f<>r that this cliinnt will not breed them, I wish that our marchants procure Anile and such
other things to be |>lanted in like dimais where now it growc.s, in diuers other places, that
this realme may haue that brought in for as base prices as is possible, and that falling out
wiili one place we may receiue the same from another, and not buy the same at the second
or the third hand tVc. For if a commodity that is to be had of meero necfs.sity, be in one
hand, itisdcarely purchased.

1 Mow many seuerall colours be died is to be learned of our Diers before vou depart.

2 Then how many ol' those colours England doth die of her owne naturall home materials
and •.ubstancex, and how many not.

li Then to bring into this realme herbs and plants to become naturall in our soiles, that may
ilie the rest of the colours, that presently of our owne things here growing we can not yet
die, and this from all (orren places.

4 There is a woml called Logwood or Palo Campechio, it is cheape and yccldetha glorious
blew, but our workmen can not make it sure. This wood you must take with you, and see
whether the .Silke diers or Wooll diers in Turky can doe it, with this one you may inrich your
selfc \ery much, and therefore it is to be endcuoiired earnestly by you. It may bring downe
the priic of Woad and of Anile.

Other some things to be remembred.

IF you can .lo'.Ie out at Tripoly in Syria or elsewhere a vent for the Cappes called in Bar-
baric, Koiu'ttos colorados riigios, which is a red Scottish cap as it were without brims, you
should do your countrey much good : for as a sacke of wooll turned into fine Deiionshire
kersies doth set many more people on worke then a sacke spunnc for broad cloth in a grosser

O o a thrced.

fi ' i ■

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ric. HaklwjI.

thrced, no a Mcke of wonll lurnrd info those RonelH doth sot many more poorc people on
worke, then a nackc liiriicd into Kcrsio-i, by reason of the knitting. And therefore if yon
can indciiour thai, you workc great etl'ert. And no doiiht that a maruelUius vent may be
found out of them into Afrikc by the way of Alexandria, and by Aliaycr Southeast and
Southwest thence.

2 And by the vent of our knit hose of Woollen yarne, Woorsted yarne, and of Linnou
thrcd, great benefit to our people may arise, and a great value in line Kersieti and in those
knit wares may be couihed in a small roonie in the ship. .And for these things our people
are growcn apt, and by indeuour may be drawen to great trade.

li .Sairron the best of the viiinersall world groweth in this reaime, and forasmiirh as it is a
thing that requiri'th much laliour in diners sorts, and setteth the people on worke so plentifdllv,
1 wish you to sec whether yon ran linde out ample vent for the same, "-ince it is gene out of
great v.sein those parts. It is a spicp that is cordiall, and mav be \sed in meats, and thai i<
excellent in d\ ing of yellow silks. This commodity of .'«;illroii groweth (ifiy miles from Tripi Ij
in Syria, on an high hill railed in those parts (Jarian, so ,is there you may learneat that poricil
Tripoli the value of the pound, the goodnesse of it, and the plaie- ol the vent. Hut it U
sayd that from that hill there p.isseth vcrelv of that (dnitnodiiN lifieene moiles I.Kleit, ;i; d
that those regions notwilhstandini; larke sulliciencie of that < tininindiiy. i5ut if a vent tnifjht
be found, men would in Ilssex about Sall'ronwalden and in Cambridge shire reiiiue the tradi'
for the benefit of the setting of the poore on worke. .So would they iloe in Hereford slurc
by Wales, where the best of all England is, in wliirh jdace t!ie snile yecl'U llie wilde S;i(!i- |.
commonlv, which sheweth the naturall inrliiiati<iii of tlie s.inie -ioile to the be.iriiig (>l liu- ri^ ii
Saffron, if the soile be maiuired and that wm\ em|)loved.

4 There is a walled towne not I'arre from iiarbarie, called llnbbed, toward the .South from
the famous towne Telensin, about six miles : the inhabitant* of which towne in etlec t hv .iij
Diers. And it is savd that thereabout they haue plenty of Aiide. iS: that tlie\ occupy th.it.
and also that thev vse there in their dyings, of flie Saffron afores.iyd. The triieth whcrci I,
in the Southerly ports of the Mcditeran sea, is easily learned in your passage to 'I'ripoli, or in
Uirnej at Aiitf. rctume from thence homeward you mav vnderstaiul it. It is reported at SalVronwalden that n
Pilgrim purposing to do gocxl to his coimtrev, stole an head of .SalJron, and hid the same m
his Palmers stafTe, which he had mnde hollow before of purpose, and so he hr'iught this rw t
into this realme, with veiuure of his life : for if he h.id bene taken, by the law of the cou;i-
trey from whence it came, he had died for the fact. If the like loue in this our age were ui
our people that now become great traiiellers, nianv knowledges, and many tratles, and many
herbes and plants might be brouyht into this realme that might doe the realme gf>od. Aid
the Romans hailing that care, brought from all ccasis of the world into Italic all arts and sci-
ences, and ail kinds of beasts and fowles, and all herbs, trees, busks and |)lants that nii;;!i;
yeeld profit or ]>leasurc to their roimtrcy of Italic. .And if this care had not bene luret"(i re
in our ancesters, then iiad our lil'c bene saiiagc now, for then we had not had Wheat nor Hie.
Peaze nor Heanes, Harlev nor Oat--, I'care ii<ir Apple, Vine in r many other prolitaMe aiiil
pleasant |»iants, Hull nor ("ow, Sluepe norS\Nine. Horse nor .Mare, Code nor Hen, n r .i
number of otiier things thai we Jnio\, witlioiil whirh our life were to be sa\d barbarous: llir
these things and a thousand that we vse more the (irst inhal)itor-. of this Hand fi und not hi re
And ill time of memorv things haue bene broiH.;ht in that were not here before, as the l)a-
maske rose by Doctour I.inaker king Henry the souenth and king Henrie the eighi> Phv-i-
cian, the Turky cocks and hciines about liftv vcres past, the Arlichowe in time of kin;,' IIent\
the eight, and of later time was procured out of Itatv the Miiske rose |il.mt, tiie plmnme
called the Perdigwena, and two kindes more hv the I.oiil Cromwell alter hi> traui'll, and tic
Abricot by a Freni h Priest one \V( He (Janlincr t.' king Hcnrv the ciijht : ami now willun
these foure yeeres there haiie bene broii'^iit into I'ngland I'lMin N'ienna in Austria diners kinds
of flowers called Tiilipas, and lUnsc aiil nihcr |)r"(ured thilher a little before from Constan-
tinople by an excellent man called M. Car.dii'- Cliisiiis. And it is savd that sini e we traded
to Zante that the plant that bearcth the Cor,."ii is also brought into this realme from the;ue ;

and

Leo Africanut
tib.4.

TJiii may be

f '

The \.vot/.lo Const.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

anil although it bring not fruit to perrrclion, yet It may scrnc for pIc.iNiire and for Komc \*e,
like at our vinox doc, wliich wc cannot well opare, althoujth the ilimat so colde will not per-
mit v» to hauc j{0()d wines of thcin. And many other things haue bene brought in, that haiie
degenerated by reason of the coldc rlimat, some other things brought in hauc by negligence
bene lost. The Archbishop of Cantcrburic Kdmund (irindall, after he rclurncil out of (Jcr-
nianv, brought into ihii* rcalmc the plant of Tamariskc from thence, and this plant he hath
so increased that tlicre be here thousands of them ; and many people hauc rec eined great
health by this plant : and if of things brought in Huch care were had, then could not tlic (irst
labour be lost. The seed of Tobacco hath bene brought hither out of the West Indies, if
growclh lieere, and with the herbc many haue bene cased of the reunies, \:c. Kaih one ol
a great number of thing't were woorthy of a iourney to be made into Spainc, Italy. J'l.irbaric,
Egvpt, Zantc, ConsLinlinnpIc, the West Indies, and to diucrs other places neerer and fur-
ther oir then any of these, yet forasmuch as tiic poorc arc not able, and for that the rich
sctlcdat homo in <|uict will not, therefore we are to make siite to such as repaire to forren
kingdomcs, for other businesses, to haue some care heercin, and to set before their eyc-i the
e\amplcs of these good nicn, and to endeuour to do for their p.irls the like, as ihcir spcci.ill
businesses mav permit the same. Thus giiiing you occasion bv way of a little remembrance,
to hauc a ilcsirc to doc vivur counlrcy good, you shall, if you haue any inclination to such
good, ilo more good to the poore ready to starue for rcliele, then cner anv subiert did in
this rcalme by building of Alrncshouscs, and by giuing of lands and goods to the rdicfc of
the poore. Thus may you helpc to driuc idlcnesse the mother of most mischiefs out of the
rcalmc, and winnc vou pcrpetiiall fame, and the prayer of liie poore, which is more woorth
then all the goldc of I'cru and of all the West Indies.

The voyage of the Susan of London to Constantinople, wherein the worshipfull M.
William Ilarboriic was sent first Ambassadour viito Sultan Murad Can, the great
Turke, w'nh whom he continued as her Maiestics Ligier almost sixc yceres.

Tile l-i of Nouembcr I.J82, we departed from Blackewall, bound for the Citie of Con-
staTiiinople, in the tall shippc called the Susan «if London : the Master whereof was Hichard
Parsons, a very excellent and skilfull man in his facultie. But by occasion of contrarv wea-
ther wc spent two moncths before we could recouer the Kowcs in the Isle of Wight. Where i
the 14 of lanuary following we tooko in the worshipfull M. William llareborne her Maiestics f""'"""'''*
Anibass.ulour to the Turke, and his company, aiul sailed thence to Yarmouth in the foresavd
Isle of Wight. The I'J wc put from Wight. The 'it* we did see Cauo de Sant Vincenfe. c.Vmrtmr.
The same day wc were thwart ol Cauo Santo .Maria. The 27 wc passed by TariflTa, and Gi- .'.• ^""' ^'""■
braltar. The 2S in the morning we passed by Vele/. Malaga : and that night were thwart of VciIi'miIjj..
Cauo de (Jalcs. The 'i'.> at night wc had sight of Cauo de I'alos. The .'{() in the morning we (," IJ' pV""
did see the high land of Dcnia, in the kingdome of Valcntia, and that night we h.id sight D'hL '"''
of the Hand l'"ornienlcra. The.il in the morning appeared the Hand of Cabrera. The lirst f'^™"""'
of February wc put into a I'ort in Mallorca, called I'orto <ie Sant I'cdro : where tlicv would •''•"'•"y 't"!
hauc euill intrcatcd vs for comniing into the Harbour : wc thought wc might haue bene as ^I'liioua.
bolde there as in other places of Christcndomc, but it proucd Carre otherwise. The lirst
man we met on land was a snnplc Shephcard, of whom we dcniatulcd whether wee might The ii.ippfimfi
haue a shcepe or such like to refresh our selue«, who toldc \s vca. .\nd by such conrcrciuc ';"■ ""'"'^ "
had with him, at the last he came aboord once or twisc, and had the best chcare thai wc could I'cdiu." *'""
make him : and oiu" Amljassadoiir himselfc talked with him, and «till he made \s faire pro-
mises, but nothing at all meant to performethc same, .as ihc cud shewed. In the nicanc time
came in a shippe of Marseils, the Master whereof did know our .\mbassadour very well, with
whom our Ambassadour had conference, and with hts Marchants also. Thcv came from .Mger
in Hirharie, whii h is vnder the gouernemcnt of the Great Turke. They did present our
Antl)assadour with an Ape, wherefore he made very much of them, and had them often
abi' rd. By them 1 suppose, he was bewrayed of his purpose as touching his mess.ige, bufii.^ Amt„.i:.
yet still we had fairc words of the Shephcard aforcsavil, and others. .So that \ pon tlieir ''""'"'"''*•

u ords.

' lami.ifv thf

>»rfi

'; .1

*.*.■

•:i

I !1

' (•

V t'

'fl hi-)'

' I

,'?

'?!

h ^

'W«

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

The 1. w/. ro Const.

•iiiti.

(Jim atc^ur*
,'iikJ.

1 lie S[>iiiijiJi
Vt'tilc II) thir Kl
'.i.lr lo tprake
»iih ihe e«p-

iht ilpaniardt
..'uine .1^ line IJ
pjllc

iv(iril!<, niir Piirnor ami another man went In a Towiip which wa* fhrcp or fmire inilcn from ihf
port, and thcro wrro well cntcrtaiiu'd, anil had of Jhe people very fairc "poerhM, and snich
umall thin>{» an could be n;nlten vpon the midden, and ho returned to the whippe that day.
Then wee were eMiholdened, and tliniifjht all had bene well, acrordinjf to their talke. The
next day. beiiijj; the sixth day of I'ehriiarie, two of our (Jentlemen, with one of our Mar-
rhaiil*, and the Purser, and <ine of the Amliasnadours men went to the Towne afore»ayd,
tliinkiii;; to <loc as the Purser and ilie other had done before, but it proouejl contrary ; for at
their ( nmniinj; tliither they had laire wordeH a wliile, and had bread and wine, and »iuh ne-
cessaries for their money, vntill such time as they were beset with men, aiul the MaiorcaMi
neuer shewed in their countenance any such mailer, but as the maner of all the people in
the dominions of Spaine is, for the most part to be Irecheroiis to vs, if they thinke they hanc
anv ailuantai;e, Tor vpon the sudden they layrd haiides on then), aiul put them in hokle,
as sure ■.\* niiuht be in stu'h a simple Towne. Then were they well guarded with men boih
(lav and niulii, and still deluded with faire wonN, & they s;i\d to our men it was for no hurl,
bill ll);ii ilu' \ K'croy of the Hand would come aboard to nee the shippe. But ihey preseiiilv
(.em the Purser to the Towne of Maiorca, where he was examined by the N'iceroy very
sliaiiiiiilv. wl):ii llieir shippe and caplaine were, and what Novate ihev intended, but lu e(in-
foscd lidihiii;; al all In the meane lime ihev in the Towne v*ere likewise straimhily examined
bv .1 I'licst and other ollicers vpon their othes: who for iheir ..lies sake declared the whole
e-lale ol tlicir voyage, ihe .\nibassadoiirs man was a Prcnch man, and therefore was «ii|.
I'ered to (;oe to the shippe on a message, but he could tell the AtnbaNsadour none oilier m. , ,•<,
but liial the Viceroy would come abonrd the whippe, and that our men should come wit'. Mm,
but ihev had another nieaniii);. For Ihe Marseilian Marchanis were slaved in like mnner in
the Towne, oiiety to make a belter shew vnto v*. But in the meane lime, being there thrre
tir fourc daves, there came men vnto vs cuery day, more or Icsse, but one day espetialiy
there came two men on horsebacke, whom wc tooke to be officers, being lusty men, and very
well horsed, 'fhesr men desired to spcake with our Caplaine ( for all things thai |).issc<l there
were done in the name of our Captaiiie lohn (Jray ) for it was savd by vs there, that he wjs
Caplaine i>f one of her .Maicsties shippes : wheri'fore all things pa-scd in his name: and the
Ambassadoiir not scene in anv thing but rather concealed, and yet did all, because of his
tongue and goml inditing in that Innguagc, For he himsclfe went cm land clothed in Vcliief,
and talked with these men, and with him ten or tweliie lusty fcllowcs well weaponed, ech one
hniiing a JJoarcspeare or a Caliuer, the Caplaine lohn firay being one of them, and our boat
lying bv very warelv kept and ready. For then wee began lo suspect, because the place was
more freqiienicd w iih men then it w.-\s woont. The men on horsebacke were in doubt to come
iiccre, because hce (ame so well weaponed. Hiil they bade him welcome, and gaiie him great
salutations in words as iheir maiier is; and demanded \\\\\ he came »o strong, for thev savd ho
needed not to I'eare any man in the Hand. Answere was made, lh.it it was the maner of l'.n;>!ish
Caplaines to goe with their guard in strange places. Then thev loide our .Ambassador ( thinking
him to be the Caplaine) that they were sent from the Vicerov to know what they did lackp,
fi.r they promised him bcefc or mutton, or any thing that w.is in the Hand to be had, hiii
their purpose was to haue gotten more of riir men if thev could, aiul they savde that wee
should liauc our men againe the n<'\t dav : with sin h prelv delu-ions thev fed vs still. Then
our Amba<s;idi ur did write a Idler to the \'iccrov in her Maiesties name, and in our Cn[)-
taine lohn (irayes name, and not in his owne, and srnt it bv them, <lesiring him to send hU
m'en, and not to trouble him in his \o\age, for he had giiieii him no such «ause, nor anv of
liis. So these men departed with great (diirtesie "in words on both parts. And in all this
time we did set" men on horsebacke and on foot in the woods and trees more then thev were
accustomed to be, but we could perc<'iue nothing iherebv. The next day, or the second,
came cither fourc or sixe of the best of them as wee thought (the Viceroy excepted) and
very many men besides in the (ieldes, both on foot and on horse, but came not neere the
waterside. And those in like order desired to speake with the Caplaine, and that when he
came on land ihe trumpet., might sound : but then the Ambas.sadour, whom they thought to be

C'aj) aine.

M. '

The 1 . vol/, to Con*t.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUF.RFF.S

Captainc, would iinf jjoe, nor «ii(Ter ihc tnini|)Ptii lo l»c »oiiiuli'(l, for that he ihoiighl it WM
a Irappe to lake hiinMrlfo, and inn"- nC hi'* conipany. But did tt-nd onr of ihr principal! of
the MiirrhanlN lo lulkc with ihom. ii\ii ihc f'apiaino Inhn (irav went aUo with him, nol
bciiin knowon of the S|);inlar<<- for he wcnl n- a xouldioiir. Thiin ihey rccriiicd of tho«tc
men ihc like worde« ■•' thev had of 'he other h^f're incnlioncd, who sawl wc Nhoiilil haui-
our men njiainc, for llu , '"eanl vn no hirft. Then fHir Ambaxiwtloiir did write anolher let- J''"*'"''""-
tcr, and *ent it hy ihem t<. 'he Viceroy, in like order an he did before, but he reteitied no .I'w "vK.Iof. "
aiwwere of any of ihem. In .iK 'hi-, time they liU'l pri.ily (fathered tojjether the prinripall
men of ihe Hand, and had laboured 'liv and nij(ht to bfiiig downe ordinance, not making
any »liew of their irecheric towards \5. Hut ihe »amc niKlit l(ill'iwin)», we naw \ery ntany
lighiN passe in the wo<hI>i anionn the tree'*. And in the morninj{ when ihr wat< h wa^* broken
vp, l)einjj Saturday the ninth of Februaric, at fairc day li;{ht, one of our men looked foorih, riir ninth of
and itaw Htandin^; on land the rariaj^e of a piece : theit was one commanded to (,'in' inlo the •'""'T'
toppe, and there he did dcMrrie two or three |)ieceH, and al^u many men on the «hore, with
diiuTH weapons (hat they brou^sht. Then they suddenly looke foure or due brasse pieces,
and placed them on either side of the harboroiiuh where we should ^n out, and hid them
with stones and bushes that we Nhould nol tiee them. Now I thinke the harborough not lo
l)e abouc the ei<{ht pari of a mile ouer. Thus perreiuin;; their menniti); which was must
pl.iine; wee aijreed to take vp our anker and ^ne out, and leaue our men there, hauiiig
none other way lo take. Then our Anibassadour inlrcated the Master of the Marseilian, his
friend, to Koe on land with his boat, and to know the truelh : who salislied his retpiest. And
at Ims relume he tolde vs thai it was very true, that they would lay holde of vs if they tonld.
Then we weiuhed our ankers : but huuin>!; little winde, we towed the siup l'i>rwar«l with the
boat. I'he Viceroy hinisi'll'e was at the water side with more then Mue hundred men on both
hides of the harbour as we thou>!ht. And when we came out with our xhippe as far as ihcir
ordinance, our Aml)ass,idour and the Captaine beinf( in tlieir armour, the Master command- '"" <i<>r!<uuc of the company, and triminini; of the sailes, the Pilot slandiiiK on the poope, attendiM(> fc'ili^hmt'ifff'
lo his charge, with other very well furnished, and eucry man in order about their bu'-inesso
very read), lliev on land on tlie contrary |>arl hailing; a very faire piece niounled on the
North side openly in all our si.^his, .is the shinpe passed bv, ihey Irauerscd that piece ritjhl
with the mainc mast or afier-tpiarier of the shippe, and a (lunner standing; by, with n lint-
stocke in his hand, about foureteene or fifteene fool loni;, beiti'; (as we thought) ready to
piue (ire. Our whole noise of irumpets were sounding on the poope with drumme and flute,
and a Minion of brasse on the smnmer tiecke, with two or three other pieces, alwayes by
our Ciiinners irauersed mouth to mouth with theirs on land, still looking when they <ui land
should shoot, for lo answeri" them a<{aiiie. The I'ilol stnndin); on the poope, secin;; thi.s
re.ndincsse, and the shi|)pe iio'iuft very softly, because of the «almenesse of the winde, he
(ailed to them on the South side, where the N'iceros was, and >ayil vnto him: llaue vou
warres with vs > If you h:uie, it is more then wc know; but by \our prouision it seeinelh
so: if you haue, shoot in (iods name, and spare nol, but tliey held all last and shot not.
Then the Viceroy hiniselfe held vp a p.iper, and sayd he h.id a Idler for our C.iptainc, and
desired vs to stay for it. T'hen we answered and savd we would not, but willed hini to send
ii by the Marscilians boat, and our nu'n also. All this while, our trumpets, driun and llute
ununded, and so we passed out in the face of them all. When lhe\ pcrcciued thai thev
could lay no holde on vs, they presenilv sent to the T"wnc for our men. whom within lesse
then three hoiires after thev sent aboord with the savd letter, wherein he desired our Cap- Tif <ii'>ioi
taine ami his company not lo lake it in ill part, for he meant them no harnie, but would L'iur't'"i'i,V
haue scene our shippe. His Ictler did import these and such like faire speeches: fr it al- ^ «i'"i"« "i i^
toKelher contained courteous salutations, saving that he mii;hl boldly come into anv port
within his Hand, and that he and his w(nild shew him what friendship ihey mi;;lit : and that
the iniury that was odered was dime al the ri'(|uest of the Siiephearils and poore people of
the countrey, for the more safejjard o|' th<'ir (lockes, and because it w;is not a thinj; vsuall lo
haue any such shippetocomeintuthat purl, with many oilier decciil'ull words in the savd letter.

Theu

M it

h ']

H\]

t!'

^'i

'i s

! t'

,-i^ •>■■

^SS

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

2%e I.

V01J. to Const.

"I hf tfTiCt of tli*
Amhjftijdois

fi..l,il«.

:< irctiiiia.
r.ii!asn"ijiM.

C'tiimlirt.

('•mtjUria.

Smlij.

i'. I'jssatii.

1\ !1i>df C.i.le

Thfii our Ainbassaildiir Willie viiio liiin nnotiuT letter lo answcre that, and gaiie him thanks Cor
his men tlial lie had sent him, and also lor iii-i jrond will, and sent him a present. This done,
wc sliot 1)11" iialfe a do/.eii pieces, iioiscd oursailes, and departed on our voyage. Then the
Purser and the rest of our men that had bcenc in holde, loldc vs that they did see the Cap-
taine, and other j;enllenieii of the Hand, haiiinj; llu-ir buskins and stoekinjjs tome from their
IruuPs, witli labouriiiL; in the bushes dav and uiglit to make that sudden prouision. The 12
ot I'Vliruary we saw an Ilanil of Al'rieaside ealled Galala, where they vsc to drag out of the
Se I imuit Corall, and we saw likewise Sardinia, wiiiih is an Hand Nubieet to Kpaine. The

> 111 ine inoniiU'r w

e were hard by Sardinia. The 15 we did see an Hand neerc Sicilia, and
an Hand on Africa side called Cvsinibrc. The same day likewise we saw an Hand ealled
I'.iMtalaria, and that ni^jlit wc were ihwart the middle of Sicilia. The 1(> at nif;ht wc were
as I'arre as Capo I'.issaro, which i-. the Southea-t ])arl of Sicilia. The 24 wc were put into a
port called I'crip lie Conte, in an Hand (alleil Cephalonia: it is an out Hand in the dominie

>f V,

irecia, and new at this present j;ouerncd by the Sij^nory of Venice, as the rest of (Jre-
cia is \Mdir the Tiirke, for the most part. The 27 we came from thence, and that day ar-
riued at /ante which is aNo in Grecia: Curat this present wee entred the parts of (Jnc ia.

id (i( March we came from /ante ; and the >ame dav were thwart ol' an Hand call-

j|'ifin.

(1 I'

and the 4 we were thwart of an Hand calleil Sapienlia. There >l

i'c wne and a ("astle on the inaine

St it, callcvl .Modi^

ndeth a f.iire

The same d.iv bv re

iMin

tia.

Iraiv windes we jnil backe a^^aine to I'rodcno, because we could not fetch .Sapien-
lie ninth we came from thence, and were as farrc as Sapientia ajraiiie. The tenth

c. M.Mini'. we were as farre shot as Cauo Mata|>an; and that day we entred the Archipela<;o, and

C . Malio.

MrncLlul.

D.ll.i|<c.la.
Hi.th Miloi.
1 .iKoraia.
.^DtLntin.
I tiiiiciii.-, /i.i

.Aiiilii.

I*'.tr'. Sarafit.
Sl;i.i. a iHjlt ii
Mttclin.

I'.it ■ Dclfin.

•rl..-,itvol

Lhl.

A Dv.

timir.oT Ciil»
twmct ■

Rjbrrno.
I rlirdo.
Mj;.rf.

Marmnrl.

Aficl'a.
dilauni.

Pv^l.tr ;;'..inJc.
I'jiK ^Kv'a.

]) is>ed thorow betweene Cerijjo and Cauo Malio. This Cerij;<:

;in Hand where one

.Menelaus did somctiiees rei<;ne, (roin wlioine w,is stollen bv I'aris faire Helena, and

ried to Trov, as

It lieci'rdo doe declare. The same dav ve h.id sii;ht of a litlli

Hand called Hellapola, and did like\>ise see both the Milos, being IlaiuU in the Archipelai;(i

irniiin wc were hard bv an Hand called Falconara, and ihe Hand of Ai

The Ii in the morning wc were Hard Dv an liana caiicii falconara, aim ine iianct ol Aiiie-
mila. Ihe 12 in the moiniii;; we were betweene Fermenia and Zea, beings both HaiuU.
That niuht wee were betweene Neifiopoiile and .\iidri, bcinj: likewise Hands. The l;< in
the morninij wc were hiiil bv I'sar.i and S.irafo, beint; Hands nine or tenne miles from Cliio,
and ctuild not fcti h Chio So we put rooine with a port in Metelin called Sii^ra, and about
nine of tlie clocke at nij;hl we ankeretl there, fhe !."» we came Irom thence, the sixteentli
we put into I'crto Delli. This port is It Kn<;liHh miles to the Northward of the Citv of Chio,
(and it may be twcliie of their miles) this night we slaved in the savd port, beiii;;, in the
Hand of Chio. Then went our Maichanl and one or two with him to the Citv of Cliio.
And when the lU', who is ihe gonernoiir of the Hand (and

Is ill their laiiunace a

I)tik(

ned with the .Mai( ham. and lln se that wee with him, and viidersiood ol

; hail

onr arnu.Tl

v'ithin

Ins (loininion, the dav

l.dh'

rnied Ins i;al

ind came to welcome onr Aiii-

bassadoiir, accoirpanicd with thi' l.rniine, that is, the Kin;;s Customer, and also the Krein h
Consull, with dinirs of the cliiefe of the City, anil olicrcd him as n.iieh friendship as he
cnild or w(nil(l desire : for he did oiler to attend \ pon \s, and towe \s if need were to llie
Casiles. The 21 we de|)arted from thence, and that dav passed bv |)orl Si^ra ajjainc. This
Hand of .Metelin is part of Asia, anil is necre to Naioli.i. The 22 we pa-scl bv a head land
c.illed Haberiio, and is also in .\sia. .And that dav at niuhl we passed bv the Isle of Tenedn,

,irt of .\si.i

)\ anoilier llaiul eallii

And ll

le same <lav we pa>se<:

(I th

orow the

straif;hts of (i.ilijioli, .iiul bv the Casths. and also bv the i'owiie of (ialipoli it selle, wliii h sta'ul-

elh in I'.nn pa. .\iid tli.it niu'ht we weii' in sinhl ol .M.ir.iior.i which is neere .N'.ili

|)art III

.Asi 1. 'I he 2.'< in the morning wc were th\>arl ol Aiai lia, and that night we ankered in Sila
1 he 24 in the morning ilie .Man hant and the Pilot were set on land to goe to the Citv aboni the
.Anibassadoiirs busincsse, hut there tliev loiild not kind because we had the winde faire. That
place of some is called Ponte grande, and is foure and twenty miles on this side of Cinislanti-
imple, and beiaine id the winde, ihev lollowed in the skille vnlill tliev lanie to a jilace called

te |)i<dla, .ind there is a lilile bridge, it slaiideth ciglit Turkish miles from Const, iiitiiiop!i

there the .Marcliant and the Pilot l.ipdcd. At this bridge is an hoiis'- of liie great J'nikiN

with

\' -

tiM''

The \.voif. to Const.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

989

with a fiiirc Garden bclonj^irf!; viito if, iiccrc the wliirh is a point called Ponta S. Pome s. sn-

Stcpliano, and ilierc the shippe aniicred that day. The 2(i day the ship came to the '"''"""•

sciien Towers, and the 27 we came neercr. The '29 there came three gallies to bring

vs v|) further: and when the sliippe came against the great Turks palace, we shot 'oII'tHc •rriu.n of

all our ordinance to the number of I'onrc and thirty |)ieces. Then landed our Ambassa- 5^'J^J"^"V'

(Icur, and then we disciiarged I'ourc and twcntie pieces, who was rcceiued with more then lifty

or threescore men on horsebacke. The ninth of April he presented the great Bassa with sixeThe Ambaiu.

cliithtv, I'oure Cannes of siluer double gilt, and one piece of line holland, and to three other jJ;';|'J,'"','^^J

l{assa>;, that is to >av, tiie second Bassa, wincli is a gelded man, and his name is Mahomet snatBawa.

Bassa, to tiie tiiird who maricd the great Turks sister, and to tiie fourth whom they call Aliraham

Ba-sa, to euery one of these he gauo foure clothes. Now, before the great Bassa, and Abraham

Ba<sa, at their retm-ne from the Court (and as we thinke at other times, but at that time for a cer-

taine) there came a man in maner of a foole, who gaue a great shout three or foure times, cry- a man luift

ing \ery hollowly, the ])lace rebounded with the sound, and this man, say they, is a prophet of J'^'J^'i''™!,, '"

Maliomet, his amies and legges naked, on his feet he did wearc woodden pattens of two sorts, U""-

in his hand, a llaggc, or streamer set on a short speare painted, he carried a mat and bottels,

and other trnmperv at his backe, an<l sometimes vndcr his arme, on his head he had a ca|)pe

(vf while CameU liaire, flat like an helmet, written about with letters, and about his hea(l a

linnen rowle. t)ilier serniiigmen there were with the sayd 15assas, with red attire on their

head", much like l'"rciuh hoods, but the long (lappe somewhat smaller towardes the end, with

scultes or plates of :ni'ttall, like \ nio the chape of an ancient arming sword, standing on

their lorehiad> like (titer lanisaries. These Basses entertained vs as followeth : First, they ihf AminMi-

I)rou!'ht vs into a hall, there to stand on one side, and our Ainbassadour and jientlemcn on ''°"" fmtitjin

, , • , , ,1 11 1-1 1 * 1 I • tnem with uic

the other side, who sale them downe on a liencl) couercd with cari)efs, the Ambassadour in Bams,
the midst ; on his left hand site our gentlemen, and on his right hand the Tiirkes, next to
the doore wIk re their mastir gceth in and out : the common sort of 'fiirkes staved in the
Court vard, nut sullcrcd to come necrc vs. When our Ambassadour had sitlen halfe an houre,
the Bassas ( who sale l)\ ihcmsclues in an inner small roome)sent for him; to whom the
.Xmbassadour and his gentlemen went : they all kissed his hand, and presently returned (the
Ambassadour onelv e\ce|)ti'il, who slaved there, and a Turks chaus with him) with the Am-
bassadour and his genlieiiK'ii went in also so many of our men as there were ])resents to carv
in, but these neither kissed his hand nor taried. After this I went to visit the church of Santa sama Sophia.
Sophia, which was the cliiefe church when it was the Christians, and now is the chiefe see
and ■liincb of primacie of this Turke present: before 1 entred I was willed to put olV my
shoes, to the c;id 1 sIkuiUI not pro|)liane their church, 1 being a Christian. The pillers on a Jiicriptionof
holh sides oi the church are very cosily and rich, their I'ulpets seemelv and handsome, iw'o '""" '''""''■
are common to preach in, the third resenied onciv for their I'aschall. The ground is couered
with Mils, ;n)d the walles hanged with 'fa|)is(rv. Thev haiie also Lamps in their churches,
one in the mi<ldle of the church of exceeding greatnesse, and another in another part of the
cluircii of cleaiie golde. or ilonble gilded, full as l)ii;L;c as a barrel. Round about the church
there is a gallei\ Iniilded vpon rich and siatelv pillers. That dav I was in both the chappels,
in one of the which lieth the Tiirkes father, and line of his sonnes in fimibcs right costly,
with their tiirbeiits very white and cleane, shifted (as thev say) enerv Friday, they be not on
their ii.'.uis, but stand on mouldes made for that |iiirpost>. At the endes, oiicr, and about
their tombes are belts, like girdles, beset with iewels. In the other chappell are foure other
of his soiincs, ami one daughter, in like order. In the first < happell is a thing foiire foot high,
( (iiiercd wiili greene, beset with mother of pearle very rii hl\ . 'fhis is a rcli(pie of .Mahomet,
and si.indeih on the left side of the In ad of the grcii 'forks tomhe. These cha]ipels hane
their (loores couered, and their walles hanged with ■|',ipi>tri(' of great ])rice, I could value
the coiiering and hangings of one of the chnp|)els. at no lesse then line hundred poundes,
besides their lamps hanging richly gilded. These chappels hane their roofes curiously
wrotighi with rich stone, and gilded. And there lie the bookes of their l.awes for eiicry man
lore.ide. The II d.iy of .\pril the shipjie came to the Kev of the Cu»toiiie house. The l<)^l,',',i".'Ih™J~.

Ull., 11. 1* p the UKllc Ikiuk,

i\\

) ¥^ '

.:)

290

The Amhissi*
dor preunttth
the AdmifsU
Vthali.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

Ttie 1. tot/, to Const.

Thr Sitian |;ncth
from the Cul»
lomc home.
The Admirall
(Icjiirteth to
the tea*

The Amli.iss«'
doiirs rep^irr to
the great Tiiiks
court.

The entertaiii-
mrnt dt d luirr
*if li.e .Ambali-
dt-uri men.

the Ambassadour and we his men went to the Captaine Bassa, who U Admirall of the se.is,
his name is Vchali, he would not receiue vs into his hcu.se, but into his gallie, to deliucr our
present, which was as followeth : Fouro pieces of cloth, and two silucr pots jjilt & grauen.
The poope or slerne of his gaily was gilded both within and without, and vnder his feet, and
where he sate was all couered with vcrv rich Tapistry. Our Ambassadour ana his gentlemen
kissed his hand, and then the gentlemen were commanded out, and our Ambassadour .sate
downe by him on his left hand, and the chaus stood before him. Our men might walke in
the gaily fore and after, some of vs taried, and some went out againe. The gaily had scucn
pieces of brasse in her prowe, small and great, she had thirty bankesor oares on either side,
and at cuery banke or oare seuen men to rowe. The IS day the shippe went from the Key,
And 21 the Admirall tooke his leauc of the great Turke, being bound to the Sea with sixe
and thirty gallics, very fhirely beautified with gilding and paintmg, and bc'tet with flags and
streamers, all the which gallies discharged their ordinance : and we for his farewell gauc him
one and twcntie pieces. Then he went to his house with his gallics, and the '22 he went to
the Sea, and the Castle that standeth in the water gaue him fcureteene or sixteene pieces:
and when he came against the Turks Seraglio he shot off all his caliuers and his great pieces,
and so hee went his way. The 2+ our Ambassadour went to the Court, whose entcrtainemcnt
with the order thereof followeth. When wee came (irsi on land there was way made for vs
by two or three Bassaes and diuers chauses on horsebacke with their men on (out, to accom-
jiany our Ambassadour to the Court. Also thev brought horses for him and his gentlemen
for to ride, which were very richly furnished; and by the way there met wit!i vs other chauses
to accompany vs to the Court. When we came there wee passed thorow two gates, at the
second gate there stood very many men with horses attending on their masters. When we
came within that gate we were within a very faire Court yard, in compasse lwi«e sf) biu'ge as
Pauls Church-yard. On the right hand of the savd Court was a faire gallerie like an Allev,
and within it were j)lacc(l railes and such other prouision. On the left side was the like, halic
the Court ouer : it was diuided into two parts, the innermost fairer then the oilier. The other
l)arl of that side is the place where the Couiicill doe vsually sit, and at the inner end of tli ,i
is a faire place to sit in, niucli like vnto that place in Pauls Church-yanI, where the Maior
and his brethren vse to .sit, thither was our Ambas.sadour bniught, and set in that plai e.
Within that savde place is another like open roome, where hee did eate. Assoone as wee
came in, wee were placed in the innermost alley of the second roome, on the left side of
the Court, which was spread with carpets on the ground fourescore or fourcscore and tenne
foot long, with an hundred and (ifiie seuerall dishes set thereon, that is to sav, Mutton boih-d
and rosteil. Rice diuersly dressed. Fritters of the finest fashion, and dishes daintily dight with
pritty pappe, with infinite other*, I know not how to expres.se them. We had also rosied
Hennes with simdry sorts of fowles to me vnknowen. The gentlemen an.l we safe downe on
the ground, for it is their maner so to feede. There were also (Jreekes and others set to fur-
nish out the roome. Our ilrinke was made with Rose water and Sugar ai.d spit es brewed
together. Those that did seme vs with it had a great bagne ficil ouer their showlders, with a
broad belt like an arming belt full of plates of copjier and gilt, with part of the saytl bai^ge
vnder his arme, and the mouth in his hand : then he had a deuisc to let it out when he would
info cuppcs, when we called fordrinke. The Ambassadour when hee had eaten, [)as--("(l by
vs, with the chauses aforesayd, and safe him downe in an inner roome. This place where
he safe was against the jrafe where wc came in, and hard by the Councdl ch.miber end,
somewhat on the left f-ide of fiie Court, this was at fiie Ivast end of the Court, (or we came
in at the West. All this time our presents stood bv \s vniill we had tlined, and diner once
ended, this was their order of takini: vp the di-lics. Ceitaine were t ailed in, liki- those of
the Hlacke gnrd in the Court of Kngland, the I'urks call flieni .Nfoglaiis. These came in like
rude and rauening Mastifs, without order or f ishioii, and made i leane riddance : for he wlio>.e
hungry eye one dish could not (ill fumed two, one into the other, aiul thus eiicn on the sud-
den was maiie a cleane ritldance of all. Then came ccrtaine chauses and bn nght <iiir >j.vn-
tlemen to sit with the Ambassadour. Immediaflv came tnictrs & ai)poii)ted lauiscrs to beare

Iro

The \. vo!/. to Cojiit. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 201

frd vs our presciin, who carit-d them on the right side of the Court, and set them hard by
the doore of the I'riiiy chamlier, as we call it : there all things stoodc for the space of an
hoiire. Thus tlie A'tibassadour and his gentlemen, sate still, and to the Southward of them
was a doore whcrcax the great Tnrke himselfc went in and out at, and on the South side of
that doore sate on a bench all his chiefe lordcs and gentlemen, and on the North side of the
West gate stood his gard, in number as I gesse them a thousand men. These men hauc on
their lieads rouiul r;i])pes of mettall like seniles, but sharpe in the toppc, in this they hauc
a bunch of O^tridiro feathers, as bigge as a brush, witli the corner or edge forward : at the
lower end of tliese feathers was there a smaller feather, like those that arc connnonly worn
here. Some of his gard liad smal stauc-i, tS: most of them were wcaponed with bowes and
arrowes. Here they wiili-d, during our aliodo at the Court, to gard their Lord. After the
Amba-sadoiir with his gentlemen had sitten an hoiire and more, there came three or foure
chauses, and l;rought them into the great Turkcs presence. At the I'riuy chamber doore
two noble men tooke the Ambassadour by ech arme one, and put their lingers within his
sleeues. and so bnniglit him to the great Tiirke where he sumptuously sate alone. He kissed
his iiaiid and stood bv vntill all tlie gentlemen were brought before him in like maner, one
bv one, and leddc backewards againe his face towards the Turke ; for they might neither tarry
nor lurnc their backs, and in like maner returned the Ambas-adour. The salutation that the
Noble men did, wa-i taking thcni liv the hands. All this time they trode on cloth of golde,
mo-t of the Ncilile men that sate on the Soiuh side of the I'riuy chamber sate likewise on
cloth of golilc. .M.uiy odicers or lanisaries there were with sta'ies, who kept very good order,
for no furke whatsocnor might goe any further than they willed him. At our Ambassadours
enlring thev followed that bare his presents, to say, twchie fine broad clothes, two pieces of The Tutko u
line hollanci, teiuic jiicccs of plate double gilt, one case of candlesticks, the case whereof !""'"">'"'''' »
was verv large, and three foot high and more, two verv great rannes or pots, and one lesser, "' f"""''
one b.isin and ewer, two poppiniayes of siluer, the one with two heads: they were to drinke
in : two bottles with chaine-j, three fairc mastifs in coats of redde cloth, three spaniels, two
bloodhounds, one common hunting hoimd, two greyhcuinds, two little dogges in coats of
silke: one clocke valiu'd at line hundred pounds sterling: oucr it was a forrest with trees of
■iiluer, among the which were deere chased with dogs, and men on horsebacke Tollowing,
men ilrawing of water, others carrying mine oare on barrowes : on the toppe of the clocke
stood a castle, and on the c.istle a mill. All these were of siluer. And the clocke was round
beset with iewcls. All the time that we stayed at the Councell chamber doore they were telling
or weighing of money to send into Persia for his Souldiours pay. There were carried out
an huiulred and three and thirty bags, and in cuery bagge, as it was toldc vs, one thousand
ducats, which aniounieth to three hundred and thirty thousand * , and in sterling En-
glish money to fourescore ami nineteene thousand pounds. The Captaine of the guard in the
meane time went to the great Turke, and returneil againe, then they of the Court made obei-
sance to him, bowing downe their heads, and their hands on their breasts, and he in like
vn\cT rcsaluled them: he was in chiih of siluer, he went and came with two or three with
him anil ni« nmre Then wcc went out at the lirst gate, and there we were commanded to stay
\ntill ilie ('apt:iine of the guard was ])assed by and all his guard with him, part before him
:iiul part hehinde him, some on horsebacke aiul some on font, but the most part on foot car-
rying en their shoulders the moiu'v before mentioned, and so we passed home. There was
in the Court during our abode there, for the most part a fiiole resembling the lirst, but not
naked as was the other at the Hassas: but he turned him critinually, & cried Hough very
hollowly, 'fhe third ol' May I saw the Turke go to the church: he had more then two hundred
and lifiy horses before and behinde him, but most before him. There were many empty
horses that ( amc ni no order. Many of his Noliilitie were in cloth of golde, but himselfc in
white sattin. TIutc did ride behinde him sixe or seuen youthes, one or two whereof carried
watiT lor him to drinke as they sayd. There were many of his guard running before him and
behinde him, and when he alighted, thev cried Hough very hollowly, as the aforcsayd
foolcs. ^

1' p r2 A letter

I m

«: ,i

I I

i /

h'ilii

.'!

l.:tf',/

292

VOYAGES, NAUIGATION.S,

A letter to the Q,

A letter of Muslapha Chans to the Quecnes most excellent Maiestie.

SErenissima, priidentissima, & sacra Regia Maicstas, dortiina inihi semper clemenlissima,
meoruni fidelium officiorum proinptain paratissiniamque commendationcm. Generosiw &
virtiiosus (Julielmiis Ilareborne legatus vestras sacrw Maiestatis vcnit ad portain excelsissimain
potcntissimi & inuictissimi, & semper Augustissimi Cicsaris Sultan Murad Can, cui Dens om-
nipotens benedicat. Et quanto honorc, quanta dignitafe, quantaque hunianitate aliorum con-
fiKderatorum legati accipiuntur, pra'fafus quoque lej^atus vcster tanta reuerentia, lantiKpic
amplitudine acceptus & colloratus est in porta excelsissima. Et posthac subditi & homine*
vesira? sacnc Maiestatis ad ditiones omncs Cssareas venire, & sua negocia tractarc, & ad su-
am patriam rcdirc sine inipcdimento, vt in Uteris excelsissimi, potcntissimi, & inuictissimi &
semper Augustissimi C.xsaris ad vestram sacram Regiam Maiestatem datis facile patet, tran-
quility & pacific^ possunt. Ego autem imprimis diligentem operam & fidelc studium &
nunc eodcm confirmando nauaui, & in futurum quoque vsque in vltimum vita? spiritum in
negotijs potcntissimi & inuictissimi Cicsaris, & vcstnr sacra* Resji.c Maiestatis egrcgiam nau-
abo operam. Quod Deus omniiiotens ad cmolumcntum & vtililatcm vtriiixquc Reipublic.e
secundct. Amen. Sacram Regiam Maiestatem foclicissime valcre exopto. Datum Cou-
«tantinoj)oli anno 1583, die octauoMaij.

A letter of the English Ambassadour to M. Haruic Nfillcr-i, appointing him Consull
for the English nation in Alexandria, Cairo, and other places of Egypt,

HAuing to appoint our Consull in Cayro, Alexandria, Egypt, and other parts adiacent, for
the safe protection of bodv and goods of her Maiesties subiccts; being well perswadcd of
vour sufllicient abilitie ; in her Maiesties name I doe elect and make choise of you, good friend
ilaruie Milicr-i, to execute the same worxhipfull oflicc, as shall be required for her Maioiiis
better seruice, the commodity of her subiccts, and my contentation : hauing and enioying fur
merit of your trauell in the premises the like remuneration incidetit to the rest of ours in such
oflfice in other parts of this Empire. Requiring you (all other afliiires set aside) to repairc
thither with expedition, and attend vpon this your <harge, which the .Mmighty grant you well
to accomplish. For the due execution whereof, we heerewiih send you the Grand Signiors
Patent of priuilege with ours, and what els is necdfull therefore, in so ample mancr, as anv
other Consull whosocucr docth or may enioy the same. In ayd whereof, according to mv
bounden duety to her Nfaiesty our most gracious Mistresse, I will be ready alwayes to employ
my selfe to the generall benefit of her Maiesties subiccts, for your maintenance in all iust
causes incident to the same, .\nd thus eftsoones requiring and commanding vou as aboue
sayd, to pcrforme my re(juest, I bid you most heartily well to fare, and desire God to bicsse
vou. From mv mansion Rapamat nigh Pcra this 'i,J of ;\|)ril ItyH'.i.

Commission giiien by M. William Ilareborne the I:ngli>h .Ambassadour, to Richard
Forstcr, authorising him Consul of the English nation in the parts of ,\lepo, Da-
masco, Aman, Tripolis, lerusalem, &c.

I William Ilarborne, her Maiesties Ambassadour Ligier with the Grand Signior, for the af-
faires of the Leuant doe in her Maiesties name confirme and appoint Richard Forstcr (ientlc-
man, my Depiitie and Consull in the parts of .-Mepo, Damasco, Aman, Tripolis, FeriLsalem, and
all other ports whatsocuer in the |)rouinces of .Syria, I'alestiiia, and lurie, to execute the odire
of Consull ouer all our Nation licr .Maiesties subiccts, (iCwhat estate or qualitv soeuer: giuiiii;
him hereby full |)owcr to defend, protect, and maintaine all such her .Maiesties siibieits as to
him shall be obedient, in all honest and iust causes whatsocuer: and in like case no lessc
power to imprison, ])iinish, and correct anv and all such as he shall linde disobedient to liiin
in the like causes, cucii in such order as I mvsclfe might doe l)v \erlue'of her Majesties Coin-
mission giuen me the 2Ci of Noucmbcr l.')H'J. tl'c cipie whereof I haiie annexed to this pre-
sent vndcr her ^faicsties Scale deiincred me to tii.it vse Straightlv charging and comtnaiid-
ing all her Maiesties subiccts in those parts, as they will auoid her Highnesse displeasure and

their

1^1 li'.!

UtertotheQ.

M. Will. Harborne.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

292

their ownc harmes, to honour his aiithoritie, and haue due respect vnto the same, aiding and
assisting him there with their per-sons and goods in any cause requisit to her Maiesties good
seriiice, and commoHitic of her dominions. In witncsse whereof I haue tontirmed and seal-
ed these presents at Rapamat my mansion house by Pera ouer against Constantinople, the 20
of June 158.'i.

A letter of directions of the English Ambassadour to M. Richard Forster, appointed
the first English Consull at Tripolis in Syria.

COusin Forster, these few words are for your remembrance when it shall please the Almighty
to send you safe arriuall in Tripolis of Syria. When it shall please God to send you thither,
you arc to ceriific our Nation at Tripolis of the certaine day of your landing, to the end they
both may haue their house in a readinesse, and also meet you personally at your entrance to
accompany you, being your selfc apparelled in the best maner. The next, second, or third
day, after vour comming, giue it out that you be crazed and not well disposed, by meanes of
your trauell at Sea, i.*jring which time, you and those there arc most wisely to determine in
what maner you arc to present your selfe to theBeglerbi, Cadi, and other officers: who cuery
of them are to be presented according to the order accustomed of others formerly in like ol-
fice: which after the note of lohn Blanke, late Vice-consull of Tripolis for the French, dcli-
ucrcd you hccrcwith, is very much: and therefore, if thereof you can saue any thing, I pray
you doe it, as I doubt not but you will. They are to giue you there also another lanizarie ac-
cording as ihc French hath ; whose outward procedings you arc to imitate and follow, in such
sort as you be not his inferiour, according as those of our Nation heerctoforc with iiim resi-
dent can informe vou. Touching your demeanour after your placing, you are wisely to pro-
recdc considering both French and Venetian will haue an enuious eye on you: whome if they
pcrcciue \vi>c and well adiiisc<l, they will fearc to oiler you any iniurie. But if they shall
percciuc any iiisnllicicncif in yoii, they will not omitte any occasion to harme you. They
are subtile, malicious, and dissembling people, wherefore you must alwaycs haue their doings
fur sus])ccted, and warily waike in all your actions: wherein if you call for Gods diuinc a.ssist-
ancc, as doth become eucry faithfull good Christian, tlie same shall in such sort direct you a.s
he shall be glorified, your selfe prescrued, your doings ble.ssed, and your enemies confounded.
■Which if conirarywisc you omit and forget, your enemies malice shalbe satislicd with your
confusion, which God defend, and for his mercies sake kccpe you. Touching anv outlopers
of our nation, which may happen to come thitherto frallike, you arc not to sutler, but to im-
prison the chiefc oHiccrs, and suffer the rest not to tratfike at anv lime, and together enter in
.such bonds as you thiiike nicele, that both they shall not deale in the (irand .Signiors domini-
ons, and also not harme, during tlieir voyage, any his subiccts shippes, vessels, or whatsoeuer
oilier, hut (|uietly depart out of the >ame country without any harme doing. And touching
those there lor the c(im[):iny, \ou are to defend them according to your priuiledge <ii: such
cdinmantlements as you h.me had hence, in the best order you inav. In all and euery your
a( lions, at any hand, bew.ire of rashnessc and anger, after both which repentance followcih.
Touching \our dealings in their allaires of marchandise, you are not to deale otherwise then
in secret and counscil. You are carefully to foresee the charge of the house, that the same
may be in all honesi nieasurc to the companies protit and vour owne health through nuxlera-
lion in diet, and at the best hand, and in due time to prouide things ncedriiil, to s;uic what
may be: (or he th:it buyeth euery thing when he needeth it, harmeth his o\mic houiiP, and
hclpeth the retailer. .So as it is, in mine opinion, wisdonie to foresee the buying of all things
in tiu'ir naliue snile, in due time, and at the first hand euery vecre, as vou arc to send the
company the particular accounts of the same expenses. Touching your selfe, vou are to
cause to be employed fifty or threescore ducats, \idelicef, twenty in Sopc, :iiid the rest in
.Spices, whereor the mo-t part to be Pe[)per, whereof wo spend very much. The Spices are
to be prouided by our friend William H:irrat, and the Sope buy vou at vour first arriuall, fir
that this >liipi)e hiding the same conuiindity will cause it to amount in price. From our man-
siuii Rapamat, the lift ofSeplemljcr l.'jHJ.

.•\ letter

r »*- a

I.-'

!'(

304

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. mil. Hareborne.

A letter to the right honourable William Hareborne her MaiesticsAmbassadour with
the Grand Signior from Alger.

Right honorable, we hauc recciued your honors letters dated in Constantinople the 5. of
Noiicinbcr, and accordingly dcliucnd that inclosed to the king of this place, requiring of him,
according an you did command vs in her Maiesties name, that he would vouchsafe to giue
order to all his Captaincs & Haics that none of them should meddle with our English shipper
ct)inming or going to or from these p:irfs. for that they banc order not to passe by the Christian
coast, but vpon the coast of Harbary, and shewing him of the charter giucn by the Grand
Sip.nior, requiring him in like case that for liic better fullillmg of the amity, friend>hip and
boh league betweenc the CJrand Signior and her Maiesty, he would giue vs fine or six »afv-
cciiiducts for our ships, that meeting with any of his gallies or galliots, they might not meddle
with them neither shoot at them: who made me answere he would neither giue me any safe-
conduct nor commission to his men of war not to meddle with them, for that he trusted to take
some of them this yere, and made good account thereof. In likcmancr 1 spake to the chiefc
of the I.inisersand the Leuents, who made me answere, the best hope they had this yere was
to take some of them, and although they hauc the Grand Signiors commandement we care
not there I'orf ; for we will bv policy, or one meanes or other prouoke them to .slioof some
onliiKinco, which if they do but one jjiece, the peace is broken, and they be good prizes
Aiul <omc of them say further, we care not for their safcconduct, for if they shew it vs, we will
coMurv it away, we are sure the dogs cannot be belccued against vs. The premisses considered,
\ our honour is with all speed to procure the Grand Signior his fiuiorable letters directed to Ha-
/an, the C'ad\ , Cajitaines, lanisers, & Leuents, & another like to Romadan Bas.sa, king of Tri-
poli-i, cOmanding them in no maner whatsoeuer to deale with our English ships bound into
those parts or returning thence with their commodities, although they should shoot one at ann-
tlier: for when our shijis shall meet them, for that, as your honor is aduerlised, the gallies of
Carthagcna, Florence, Sicilia and Malta haue made a league to take all our ships comming
ill or uoing out of the Grand Signiors dominions, therefore if they meet with any of tlic-e
gallies of Alger or Tripolis, thinking they be of them, and not knowing them a far ofi; they
may shoot at them, which if therefore they should make them prizes, were against Gods la\ve>i,
the Grand Signior his league, all reason and conscience, considering that all the world doth
know that Marchants shi|)s laden with marchandise do not seeke to fight with men of warre,
but contr.Tiwise to defend themselues from them, when they would do them harme. Whrie-
fore if \oiir honour do not get oi't two letters of the Grand Signior as aforesavd, & send
them hither with all speed by some one <if your gentlemen accompanied with a chaus of the
Court, or some other of the (Jrand Signiors seruants, it is impossible that our English ships
can escape freely from these or the Christians : for either they must of force goon the Chris-
tian coast, and so fall into their hands, or els on this coast, and fall into the kings of this
towne, or Tripolis, their hands, which if they should, will neiier be recnuered. .And if your
honor cannot obtaine this thing, 1 beseech your honour in the behalfe of all the English nuir-
chants (who sent me hither ti> follow such onler as your honour should giue me) to certilie
her Maiesty, to the end that they mav be commanded to leaue ofi'trall'H|ue, and not to lose
their goods, and her poorc suhierts the Mariners. And thus humbly taking my leaue, I de-
sist from troubling your honor. IVoin Algierlhe tenth of February lbS3.

A letter of M. Ilarbornc to Miistnpha, challenging him for his dishonest dealing in
translating of three of the Grand Signior his commandements.

DOinine Mnstapha, nescimus cpiid sibi yelit, cum nobis mandaia ad (inem vtilem conrrssa
pcrper.'im reddas, qusv male scripta, plus dainni, qu;\;i. ^tiliiatis adi'erant : (luemadiiiddiim
constat ex tnbiis receptis mandatis, in niibus suinmum aut priiuipaledeest ant aufcrtur. In
p()-t<'nnn noli ita nobisc um agere. Ita enim ludibrio crimus omnibus in nostrum & tuum dc-
detus. Cum mis multarum aclionum spcm Turcice scriptarum in tua prudenlia re,oiiiniii.s,
Ita prouiderc dcbcs, vt non ei.enianl huiusmodi mala. Quocirca deinceps cum manda.'um

a:U

^V^\ -'

Sir Edward Oshorne. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

aut sfriptiim aliqiiod ncripias, verbiim ad verbiim conuertatur in Lntinutn scrmonem, ne dam-
num inseqiialiir. Nosti imiltox habere nos inimicos ronatibus nostris iniiidentes, quorum
maliliaj vesfrae est prudentiasaduersari. Hi nostri, Secretarius & minimus inlrrpreii ex nostra
parte dicent in triluw iilis receptis mandatis errata. Vt deinceps similes errorcs non eneniant
precamur. Ista emcndes, & cstera Serenissimae regiae Maicstatis ne<;otia, vti decct vestraj
fonditionis hominem, meliiis cures. Nam vnicuiquc suo officio strcnuii est laborandum vt
debito tramile omnia succedant: quod spero te facturum. Bene vale.

The Pasport in Italian granted to Tlioma-s Shingleton Englishman, by the king of

Algier. 1583.

NOi Assan Basha Vicere & lochotencntc e capitan dclla iurisditione de Algier doniamo e
conccdiamo iibero saluo condutto a Thomas Shingleton mercadanfe, chepossi con suo vasscllo
e marinare de che natione se siano, e mercadantia di qua! si voglia natione, andare & venire,
e negotiari. e contrattare iiberamente in quesia citta dc Algier & altri lochi de la nostra iuris-
ditione cosi di ponenie comi di Lcuantc: & cosi anchora commandianio al capitan di maarc
di Algier & d'altri lochi dc nostra iurisditione, Rais de Vas,selli & Capitani de Leuanfc, &
altri capitani di vasselli tanto gross! como picholi, si commanda a qual si voglia, che Irou-
ando il sopradctio Thomas Shingleton Inglese nclli mari di Genua, Francia, Napoli, Calabri;),
e Sardigna con suo vasscllo e mcrcantia. Si hominide che nationi si siano, nongli debba mo-
Icstarc, ne piggliare, ne totcare cosa dc nessuna manera tanio di denarc, como di qual si
voulia altra robba, sotto la pcna e disgratia di perdirla vita & la robba: Et per quantohauetc
a caro la gratia del Gran Signor nostro patrone Soltan MuratesOltomano, lo lasciarctc andare
per suo cainino scnza dargli ncssuno impcdimento. Dato in Algicri in nostro reggio I'alazzo,
sigillnto del nostro reggio si^illo, e fermato della gran ferma, & scritto del nostro reggio Se-
crctario, il di WJ dc Icnaro, 1583.

The same in English.

WE Assan Bassha Viceroy and lieutenant, and captaine of the iurisdiction of Algier, giue
and grant (rec safeconduct to Thomas Shingleton marchanf, that v^ith his ship and mariners,
of what nation .socuer they be, & with his marchandi/e of what countrey soeucr, he may
go and come, and trade & traffiquc freely in this city of Algier, and other places of our
jurisdiction, as well of the West as of the East. And in like sort wc further command the
captaine of the sea of Algier, and other places of r)ur iurisdiction, the Reiz of vessels &
capiaines of the Lruant, & other captaines of vessels aswcll great as small, whosocuer they
be, we do command llicm, that finding the forcsayd Thomas Shingleton Englishman in the
seas of Genua, France, Naples, Calabria, and Sardinia, with his ship and merchandize, and
men of what nation soeucr ihcy be, that they molest the not, neither take nor touch any
kind of thing of theirs, neither money nor any other kind of goods, vnder paine and peril
of loosing of their liues and goods: and as you make account cf the fauour of tlic (Jrand
Signor our lord Sultan Murates llottoman, so see you let him p:isse on his way without anv
maner of impediment. Dated at Alger in our kingly palace, signed with our princely Signet,
and scaled with our great scale, and written by our Secrctarie of estate, the 23. of lanuarie,
1583.

A letter written in Spanish by Sir Edward' Osborne, to the kiny of Alger, the 20.
of luly, loSi. in the bchalfe of certeinc English caj>tiues there lUtained.

MVy alto y podcroso Rey,

Sea seruida vostra alteza, Como la muy alta y potentis>inia magcstad del (Jran Sennor tiene
becho articulcs de priuilegios con la Serenissima .Ma;;e.--tad rlo nucstra Hc\ na d'lnglaticrra, para
los \assali)s dclla poder libremente \r y bolucr, y tratar piT mar v licmi cii los dominiosde su
potciitisfiii'a Magestnd, Como a la clara paresce por los dithos articulos, de che cmbiamcis t-l
iract.ndo al Scncir Iu:in Tiinon nncstro commis.sario, para Ic inuestnir a vostra Alteza. Contra
el tenor dc iu.-. quales articulos por dos gaieras de su ciudad dc ,\lgcr ha sido hechado al fondo

SO.^i

• i;

y. f\

I 'III

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Edvinrd Oiborne.

An Fndiin shij^
sjT.kc h\ two
>.Mt! ul Al|rr.

fii 1» mar vn des micstros nauion que venia tie I'atras, que esen la Morca, cargado do corintes
V otras incrcadcrias, que alia so conipraroii, y las mas do la gciitc del la malados y uhngado^
en la mar, v cl rcsto est an deleiiidos jmr csclauos: cosa miiy contraria a los dichod articii-
los V priiiili'gios. Que cs occasioi), (juc jior esto siipplicamos a vostra Allc/a muy hu-
miliiicnto, (jue, piien que la potcntissima ina;;L'slad del p;raiid Scniior cs scruida nos fauorescer
por ios diihdS artiiulos, tambien sea scriiiila vostra Alliva assisiirnos en ellos, otDr^randonos
pur vo-itra autoridad su auida v faui)r, seguii que espcramos, para que puedaii estar lihres, y
holiicr para aca atpiellds pohres hoiubres ansi liechosesdauo"', tomo dicho cs. Yaiisimisnio,
que mandc vostra Altc/.a dar orden a los lapilanes, maestres y ijcnlc de las galeras, que nos
d.xcii di' a()iii adelantc lia/cr mieslro Iralico con seys naos cada anno para Turqiiia a los do-
niiniiis del Gran Scnuor a paz ya saluo, ])or no cOtrariar a los dirhos nuestros priuilcj^ios,
Lleuaiulo lada vna i\c nuestras dichas naos por sc ronoscer vn saluo rondullode siii alta \ pn-
tcn(i>siiiia niagcstad. Y con esta vostra tan senallada mcrced v I'auor que en esso recibere-
inos, qucd.ircmos iiosofros con ^randissima obligation a vostra Alte/a de seruir la por ello, sc-
•;un quo cl dicho Sennor luan Tipton, a quicn nos rcportanins dc todo lo dcmas, niejor in-
lornuTa \osfra Alte/a: Cuya screnissiina persona y estado siq>|>licamos y pidinios a Dio» oni-
nipaicnlc prii>^))rrp y accresrcntc con loda felicitad y honra. De la ciuidad de Londres a los
vcviiic ilias de hilio del mil y quinicnios y ochcnta y qiialro amies.

Al scruilio de Mie^tra Alic/.a por y en nombrc de lodos
los Iratantescn Turquia, lu el Mayor de Londres,

Ldward Osborne.

The same in English.

lUglit hif;h and mi<;litie kinp;,

May it please vour hiyhncsse to vndcrstand, that the most high and most mightic maiesiir
of the Grand .Signor lialh conlirmed certaine articles of priuilej;cs with the most excellent
maiestie of our (Jucene of Kni;lan(l, thai her subiects may freely go and come, and tranri(|iic
bv sea and land in the dominions of his most mighty maiesty, as appearcth more at large hv
y said articles, whereof \vc haue sent the copy vnio M. loh. Tiplon our ('i>mmissarie, to shew
the same vnto vour highnes. Agaiii>t ihe tenor of which articles, one of our ships which
came from I'atras which is in Morca, laden with corants and <!thcr merchandizes which were
bought in those p^rts, was snnke by 'i. gallics of your cilic of Alger, and l|ie greatest num-
ber of the men thereof were >l.iin and drowned in the sea, the residue being detained ;wslaucs:
An acte very ( onirarv lo the meaning of llic aforesaid articles and priuileges: which is the
occasif) thai by these presents we beseech your highnesse \ery humbly that since it hath
pleased the most mightie maiestie of the Grand Signor to fauoiir vs with ihe savd priuilegc.
It would please your llighnesse in like nianer lo a>si»i \s in ihe same, graunling vs bv vmir
aulhoritie, vour ayde and l';iuour, accordmg as our hope i> llial these poore men so delaiiied
in captiuiiie, as is aforesaid, may be set at libcrtie, iS; relume into their counlrey. And
likewise that your highnes>e would send lo giue order lo the capiaines, niasiers and peopled!'
\uur gallics, that from henccloorlh ihe\ would sullrr \s lo vse our Irnfliiiue with sixc ships
serely into Turkic vnto the dominions of the Cir.nid Signor in peace ai;il safelie, that thcv
do not wiilistaiid iho-e our >ai(l priuileges, euerv one of our foresaid ships carving with ihem
a passeport of hi-, most high and most mightie maiestie to be knowen by, And for that vc iir
so >ingiilar fauour and curiesic which in so doing wc shall rcceiue, we on our j)art with all
l)oun(!cii duetie vnto your highncsse, will seeke lo honi iir you in that behalfe, according ;n
the sa\(l .\I.ister loin Ti|)ton ( lo whom wee ri'lerre oiirselues touching all other circumstances)
shall niiirc al large enfnrme your higiincsse, whose most excellent j)ersoii and estate, wc prav
and bcsicch .Mniiglity (lod lo prosper and increase wilh all fclicilic and honour. From the
Cilie of London, the 20. of luly, li>Hi.

At the scruice of your highncsse, for and in the name oi'
our whole com|)any trading into Turkic, I .Vlaior ol'
Londuii, Edward Osburne.

Notes

'I ■'

Xolcs of Mgfr.

THArFIQUKS. AND DISCOUr.RlRS.

297

Notes concerning the trade of Alijcr.

Tile money lliat is coined in Aljter is a piece of gold called A*iano, & Doublae^. and two t;i« mowr of
Doiiblae't make an Asiano, but the Doubia is most vscd, for all things be sold by Uoniilacs, '^•"'
which Doiibla is filiie of their Aspers there.

The Asper there is not so fjood by hallc tV more, as that in ('onstantinoplc; lor the Chekin
of uold of the Tiirkes made at Constantinople is at Ali^er worth an IjO Aspers, and at Cou-
stanlinople it is but <»(>. Aspers.

The pistolct and roiaisof plite are most ( iirrant there.

The said pi-iiolet coeth for \30. Aspcrs there: & the piece of 4. roials "octh for 40 Asper-,
but ofientinies is sold for nmre, as men need then» to carle vp into Turkic.

I'heir Asianosand Doublaes are |)ieces of course K"'d. worth here but 40. s. the ounce, so
the same is currant in no place of Turkic out of the kini;dom of Alfjer, neither the .Vspers,
for that thev be Icsse then others be, for they coinc them in .'\lj;er.

The customc to the kin<; is inward 10. per centum, to the Turke, to be paid of the com- The custome.
moditie it scll'e, or as it shall be rate<l.

There is anotiier custome to the I'^rmine, of one 8c an hall'e per ceiitun), which is to the
lu-licc of the Christians : the ;;oods for this custome arc rated a-i they are for the kiuijs cus-
tome.

Ilauini; p:iid custome inw;,rd<, \ciu pav n(>ne outwards for any commoditie that you doe
lade, nuire then a reward lo the nale keepers.

The waiulif there is called a Cantare for line wares, as mcllals refined, aud spices \.c. whi<h Thewjiiln?.
ii here I 'JO, li. sulilil.

.Metiall not rclincd, as lead, iron, and such >;rosse wares, are soM b\ a};reat Cantare, which
ishalfeasbin ai^iine: soil is ISO. li.siibiil of ours here.

The measure < ( come i- bv a nica>ure called a Curlia, which is about 4. bushel-, of ourThc measure.
measure, and corne is picnliful there and !.',oo(l chcape, except when there liapneih a very
dry yeere.

Till- snrcsl lodging fur a Chiisii.'n th(rc is in a bwes house: lor if he liaiie any hurt, the Th.- sumi indg-
lew and his sioods .shdl make it u<iod, so tlie lew tal.clli i;reat care of tlie Christian and his t'!,^.'"" '""
j;oods that lictli in his house, hi feare of puni-hmciif.

An F,h;;lishman called Thomas Williams, whic h is M. lohn 'I'iptons man, licih about trade
of mcrchandi/e in the streete c.illcd The S<ica of the lewes.

Notes conceruiu;; the trade in .\lc\andria. *^

.\I,e\ahdria in I'-pypt is a free jXTt. and when a man commeth within the castles, presently
the I!rmyn sends aboord to haue one conu'aiul spcake \\ith him to know what uonds are :d)oord :
and then hee will set tju.irds aboord the shrp to sec all the '.';oi <ls discharged. .\tui thcTi from the
l.rmiii you j;oe to the *lUe, onely for that he will in(];:ire newcs of \(ni, and so from thence T!,is i, .iiother
to the Consuls house where you lie. The X'ciieii.ins Ii.idc a Con-ul themschies. Hut all other "''"■""
nations j;oe to the French nations Consul, who \\'\\\ •;iuc- \ ou a chamber for voiu- sclucs apart,
rf y lU will so haiu- it.

The ciistonis inward of all commodities are ten in the hundred, & the custome is paid "'

.. Ll'l ■ t I -111* tiMiiijuii y.*y

m wares also that you bny: lor the sa\ne wares in b.irter voii pay also ten in the hundred, hti.dcs, wh.h

Otticr smjl
ms you p.iy

for mony, yon pav no more custome but the ten ,""ht haJr'eT

af the ladinj; of the wares. But if yon sel

;. foresaid, and (me and a half in the hundred, which is (or ijic custome of the good* you lade amitw Comui-

lor the sayd mony, for more custome you pay not. I!ut for all the money you bring thither I;',^,'"|!,'„'"^,'j"

you |)ay iiothin<; for liir custome ol the s.mie. .\nd if \oii sell vour wares for mony, and with

the same money buy w:ucs, you pay but two in the hundred lor the customc thereof. ,\nd

if you sieale any custnme, if it be taken, \ou pav duible custome lor that vou steale.

Tiie weiirlif of .\le\andria is called I'ois i'\)rroiiine. which is a kintal in that place, which
makilh at Mar-ciN \0[>. li. of .\Iarscils waight, at Ij ounces the pound, which is lO.'j.
11. of lit. ounces to the li. There is another wai^ht called I'ois Gerrin, which is l.')0. li.

vet. II. ^ '1 uf

J''"-]

fl; t

'I. ' ) '

wr,;

S88

Catre ttirre
dairs iourney
Amn Alcian-
itii by \tnii.

f f)

.< M., • tS !

■ <

j'liF'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. mil. Harbornf.

f..r-

or MaiNciU waight, by which arc lold all thingi to rate: but wpice i:* sold by the
mcr waight.

From Alexandria to Cairo is three dales iourney, but you must take a laniMaric with
you: & to go vp thither by water it '» H. daycs iourney. Uoials uf Spainr are currant mnny
there, and are the best money you can cary. And ♦. roial^ are worth 1,'j. Metlin.s, and 'i.
Medinx, are 3. Asperg. Pistolets and crowncs of I'rantc and Doilers will goe, but of all
Hoials are be»t.

Rice is not permitted to goe out of the land, but is kept for a victuall. But with a pre-
icnt to the Bye and Ermine some may passe.

All sortes of spices be garbled after the bar^ainc is made, and they be Moores which ymi
deale withall, which be good people and not ill disposed, AntI after you be searched k hauc
Icauc to passe, you must presently depart out of the port, and if you doe not, they will
search you againc. And you must dcjiart in the day, for in the nii;l.t the castles will not
suflier you to depart. The duetic to the Consul is 2. in the hundred, for his aide, and mrate,
and drinke and all. And the port of Alexandri:! is t;ood when one is within it with gocKl
ankers and cables. Silucr is belter currant then gold in Alexandria, but both arc good.

Commonly the Carauans come thither in October from Mecca to Cair.), and from thenrr
to Alexandria, where the merchants be that buy the spice", and therefore the spicc« arc
brought most to Alexandria, where each Christian nation remainclh at the Consuls houses
Yet oftentimes the christiaas go vp to Cairo to buy drugs it other comnKKliiies there, :i»
they sec cause. And the commodities there vendible are all sorts of kersies, but the most |)ari
blcwes, and of clothes all colours except mingled colours and blacks. IVpper is vsually sold
for ^4. ducats the quintal. Ginger for 14. ducats. You must take .annus to make bags u,
put your commoditie in fn)m Alexandria, for there is none. There i ' also fine (laxe, aiul
good store of Bufl'e hides.

A letter of the English amb.xs.<ador to \f. I'^lward Barton.

Master Barton I send you 3. eommandemcnts in Turkish, with a copy thereof in English,
to the ende our ships might not come in danger of breach of league, if they should sliooir
at the gallies of those of Algicr, Tunis, and Tripolis in the West: which after you hauc
shewed the IJassas, rereiue agaiiie into your hands, and see them regi»tred, and then deliurr
one of them to our friend M. Tipton, & the like you are to do with the priuilege which you
cary with vou, and .see them iointly rcgistred in the Cadies booke, deliucring the copy ( f
the »iid priuilege sealed by the C:tdi, also to the : yd our friend .M. Tipton, taking a nmc
of his hand for the receipt thereof, and for deliuerie at all limes to vs or our assignes. .\ih1
require them in her maiesties and the grand Signors name, that they will haue our ships
passing too and fro vnder licence and safeconduct for recommended in friendly maiier.
Touching your proceedings in Tripolis with Homadan, .is 1 haue not rcceiued any aduisc
ihcreof, since your departure, so must I leaue you to (i(kI and my former direclio. The
ship patronised of Has>..in Hayes, which vou wrote to be ours, prooued to be a Cataloninn.
As for ours, by report of that Hassan and other Icwes in his ship, it was aflirmed to be sold
to the Maiteses, which with the rest you are to rcceiuc there, .\nd hailing ended these
affaires and rcgistrcd our priuilege. and these three coinmandeinents, in Tripolis, Tunis, and
Alger, I pray you make speedy reiiirne, and for that which inav be recouered, make oner liic
same either to KichanI Kowed for Pairasso in Morea, or otherwise hither to lohn Bate in the
surest maner you may, if the registring of that your priuilege and these coinmandemeiirs
will not sutler yuu in person to returiie with the .same From my .Mansion Hapainat in I'cra
this 24. ol lune 1584.

1",

The

t^Ja

.W. mil Uarbornt.

TKAFFIQUr.S, AND DISCOUEHIF.!?.

The cominaundcmcnl oljlaincd of the Grand Signior by her \fnicstic* ambaHsador
M. Will. Harelxirnc, for the quiet pasNing (if hi-r HiibicctH ro and TrO his
dominions, sent in An. 1584. to llic Viccroyca of Algier, Tunis & Tripoli* in
Barbary.

To our Btglerbcy of Aljjicr.

WR ccrtifie ihcc by this our (ommandcincnf, that the right honorable Will. Haicborne
nnib.issador to the Qufcnes maicstir orEnj;land hath si(;nified vnio vs, that the ships of that
cduntrcy in their cummin;; and returning to and from our F.mpire, on the one part of the
Seas hauc the Spaniards, Florentines, Sicilians and Mallcses, on the other part our comitreis
lommiltetl to your charge: which abouesaid Christians will not quietly sufler their egresxc
and regre.sse, into, and out of our dominions, but doe take and make the men captiucs, and
/(irfcit the sliippcs and goods, as the last yeere the .Maltescs did one, which they tooke at
(ierbi, and to that end do continually lie in wait for them to their destruction, whereupon
they are constrained to stand to their defence at any such time as they might meet with
them. Wherefore consi<lering by this means they must stand vpon their guard, when they
shall sec any gallie afarre olf, whereby if meeting with any of your gallies and not knowing
them, in their defence they do shoot at them, and yet after when thev doe certainly know
them, do not shootc any more, but require to passe peaceably on their voiage, which you
would deny, saving, the |)eacc is broke because you haue shot at vs, and so make prize of
them contrary to our priuileges, and against reason; for the prcucnting of which inconuc-
nieiicr the said ambassadoiir liath required this our commaundcment. We therefore command
thee, that vpon sight hereof thou tloe not permit anv such matter in any sort whatsoeiicr,
but suder the sayd Hngli^hnuii to passe in peace according to the tenour of our commande-
ment giuen, without any disturhani-n or let by any meancs vpon the way, although that meet-
ing wiili thy gallies, and not knowing them afarre olf, they taking them for enemies should -hoote
at ihein, yet shall you not sulfcr them to hurt them therefore, but quietly to passe. Where-
fore looke thou that they may hauc right, according to our priuilege giuen them, & finding
any that aiisenteth himself, & wil not obey this our commandement, presently certify vs to
our porch, that we may giuc order for his punishment, and with reuerence giuc failhfiill
credite to thiii our commandement, which hauing re.id, thou shalt againe returne it vnto theiTi
that present it. From our palace iii Constantinople, the I. of lune 1584.

A letter of the honorable Nf. Wil. llareborne her maicsties amb.iss. with the grand
Signior to M. Tipton, .ippointing him Consul of the English in Algier, Tunis, &
Tripolis of liarb.irie.

MAsier Tipton, I haue receiued among others, yours of the 10. of Nouember l.i84. by
Soliman .Sorda, certifying the receipt of mine of the 24. of hine 1584. with the 3. com-
mandements, which not being registred, let it now be done. Where you write the force of
the priuilege to be broken by our ships in shooting, & therefore be lawfully taken, you are
deceiued, for of those Liken in the, hath the grand Signior now deliuered vs free, Wil.
Moore, and Rob. Rawlings, & further promised the rest in like case, wheresoeiier they be,
«•« that hereafter no violence shalbe »he\ve<l, considering ours be merchats ships which go
peaceably in their voiage, & were ignorant of the orders of Algier, neither knew afar off,
whether they were friends or the Christians gallies in league against vs, of whom they most
doubted, who not sutiring our ships to come into these parts, wil make prize of the goods
ik captiue the me, so as they arc not to let them come nigh them: U since ours haue not
•lone contrary to the articles of the same priuilege, wherein is no order for Algier prescribed
vs, as both by the nriuinall now sent vs, & also by the copy now sent you fro London you
may perceiiie, they according to right are as abouesaid to be .set free, and their goods re-
stored, which if it be not there accomplished as the grand Signior hath now comanded &
mobl (aiilifiilly promieed, neither yet in case of their denial, those offenders punished here,

Q.il'i and

Ml' '

f^ i'

,i ril

y H

H ..

H V'J-

{},

;!(

SMO

VOYACF.S, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Will, llmborne.

The ImMriotir
rf 'Hir ihip! .:,
£'vids lutikr 41,
(dken by tht
galliei uf Al^rr,

:in«l our iniiiricM rcdrc^i'il, wi- ;iri' to diniaiul (Uir Congii*. & rommaml our mcrthanlM her
iiKiii'ilirs Hubie( It, lo end ihcir iralTikt' hero, which in our rouiiiri'y commiMliiifx i^ proourd
\- CiMiml b\ the i;rain< Si^nior to be -lo l)oiiefirial tn hi-* rounlriex an wc are nxNiircd so well
iluTcnl', ax aim) (or the honor which hit ancc-iop* ncner had ol' IViedxhiii \V ho mighty a
jirincj' ai in her niaie-itv, he wil not but inainlaiiic y I'aiih ijroini-teci lirr, iV the inlercoiirne
in due force. And where you nav y the ;;rand Siirnor his letter^*, in the behalf of tlie Krench,
were no more accepted there, then of a mean ma, nor looke no place, that is not material to
vs, our letters are alter another sort nnicli more ellcciiiall. I'or our rase A: theirs be found
far dill'erent, in y thev be not onely now out of fauour with hint, but also the <omm()dities
wliii h they brinjj hither, ■'■* nWjicr, paper, liraceleis, ro|)es of bast, almonds, *:e. all which
may be here wel spared, v>; we (onirarily so we! entcenie<l, as he iieuer denied vs an\ thinn
since our comminj,' deniande<l, which neither their ambass.idor, imr the Venetian could haiie
here, iV therefore we rest persuaded, knowing the wisdom of the lley;lcrbi';;, wlio is .nd«
uised bv his frieds from hence, of this cmr credite \\ his master, he wil so respect his co-
mandenicMts, as to aeoopiisli y tenor thereof acconlinj; to our desire, ,\iul where \ou say \
the lani/.ers rule all there, I know ri^ht wel y if things be not done a-i the ;;raMd Si^nior com-
nundelh, his lientenaul nuist answer it. And therefore I am fullv i)erswaded if he doe what
lie Miav thev dare not resist him. for if llicv should, those rebel- should not be vnpnnished of
5 jjrand Si^jnior. ;\nil though they spc;ike their pleasures amoj; iheniNciues there, vet thev
be not NO i)rutish, but they wel c(Uisider that their master J f;rand .Sij^ninr may nut be uaiii-
.sai<l or mocked (d' anv. l"or \pon his word de|)endeth the life or death eiie of the ( hiefest,
as I haue seene since inv commin;; hither. So whatsoeuer these lani/arie-. say, they will he
better aduiscd in their deedes then to wilhstaixl their N'iceroy, if he him-elfe wil vse his lav»-
full power, which if hee doe not, hee cannot pur;;e himselfe here of their euill proceedinut
a){ainst tiie urand Signior* friends: for the feet may not rule the bodie, but contrarywise,
the head, the feetc, and all the rest of the mcmbei-s. Ami for lh.it neither for feare, aflec-
tion or otherwise vou omit as a faitlifull true subiect to her maiestie t.> do your dutie, I do
by my warrant yoinu herj'witli charge vou, \: in her maiesiics name, to the viterninst to vsc
your jjood and faithful endeiioiir, as becommeth a true suhirc t, it in all ihinfjs that may toii-
cernc her maiesties yod sernice, assistiny the Chans with the rest of our niessenven in
counsel, traiiel, \- what els shall be ihoiiKhl re(piisite for your jjood discharge of voiir
diictie. And to v end you may boldiv proceed herein as also for the jjood opinion sir Kd-
ward O-bcirne & the <'omp;iny haue of \ou, and I no lesse per^waded of youre wisedoni,
vpriitht dealiii;,', St i;o(id e\i)eri<'nie in those paris, do s<nd von herewith the ^rarid Sij'nior-
fcc our patents fur eserdsiiij; the olFice of Coiisui there, in Tripolis & Tunis; 1)\ vertue of
which anthoritie you m.iv wiilmut feare proceed as the odice ddclh i halen^^e in defence of cmr
priiiilege, to redressc all iniuries oH'red our nation. Which if mu cannot fid reformed ilure
of ^ Henlerl)ics vpon your contplaint, I thereof aduerliscd, shal (Imp it here, and to the vttcr-
raost maintaine vou in al rij;hllul causes whatsoeuer, doubt voii not. .And hereafter accord-
in<; to your adiiise. I wil and do nine oiir ships order not to liuht with anv K.illies of .\lj>er,
but lo hoisc out their skille ami an aboard to shew tlieni their >alec oiiduc t, iV to present the
captain with a garment, & you there in such like c asc .ire to take order that ihev do not
forceably take anv thinj; Irom ihein, Noihin;; doubtinj; but the Viicrov (whose frieiidslii|)
in her maiesties behalfe I desire) will not oiielv perlornie the same vour iii-t recpie-t, \'
aCLonlinj; to rijjht, restore to libertie nijr me since the |)riiiile<>c taken, but also ( aiise tho-c
y tookc & sunke our ships to answcre the value, which I haue set diwne frulv. and rather
with the least in the Iiiueiiti rie fr.wislated into Turkish, whereof the inclosed is the copy in
, Ii)n};!ish, which I send to the end you may be the better informed of mv demand bv this onr
(."li.iu.s Mahomet, with whom in all tilings you are to conferre of matters e\pedient, for the
honor of her majesties country, & the commoditie, and libertie of poore c.jptiiie-, which if
the Viceroy do wel consider, accordinj; to his wisedom, as the trraiid SiL'uior iloetli thereof,
he shal wel |)er( eiuc it not onelv a j^reat honour to his master a» aluresaid, to confiniie ihis
amitie with her maiestie, but chielly to the wlioic estate of hi.s kinj^doin e.\tcediii<; proliiable,

whith

Uarhovnt.

chniiiM luM-
* proourd

'(I Ml well

I miKhly u

inlcrciiiirNr

lip I'Vfiuli,

inalrrial in

rs Im" roll Mi I

nmnuxliiicii

all which

t .iin tliiiit;

( iMihl hniic

wild ]-, ail-

ii'f I his civ

\()ii say \

iii;ni(ir ri)m-

lii- (liic what

ipiiiiishrd (ir

rp, vet ihp)

HI hv u'aiii-

thp ( liicfp*!,

thpy will he

I vxp his javs-

proiooiliiiiji

foiitrarywlHp,

I'parp, aflpc-

r (liitip, I (In

crmnsl to vp

ihat iDuy con-

iip-i-PMUfniin

argp of villi r

pinion s\t I'.it-

mrp wjspiloni,

;ranil Si^ninr^

l)\ vprtiip III'

Ipl'enc c of our

proriiied ihcrp

\ to the vllcr-

pal'tpr acidid-

lljps of Alj;pr,

o prc>*i'i)t thp

It ihpv di) nii|

i.sp iripiiiWiip

»t rp(|ui>l, iV

io laijsr th(i-("

Iv, and rathrr

s the ( npv in

ml hv this mir

iliriit, fiT ihp

IIP-, wliii li if

(li'cth thcrciif,

(iinfitiiic ihis

iiij; proliial)lp,

which

.V. mil llarborne.

1 It.M riQUES, AND DISCOUKHII.S.

which l>y ftihii means ^\\M hr aliniulaiitly sprupil with the < hipl'i-nt ('iimtnoditipN thry want,
ivilh inanv .(her lhiii>{s .li'iiK.rc imiiortnnro to iIip jjrand Siijiiior his i untcnt.iiioii, not Iutp-
iii to be lui/itionwl. Fur I know lliP V'iiproies px|HTipn(pd wisdom (an wpl roiisidpr ihprt'oC,
ill «ii('l> -ort as lip wil not dpnv to acirtplish his inasiprs comm iiidpmcnl, & our earnest rc-
niici III .so small a matter as this we retpiire, whereof I e\|)e( t no rcl'ii-all: lor thereliy he
iliall Ini re;i-.p his honor with the ^land Si^jnior, l)e in rredile with her maie-iic, he void of
Irniilili- >*l' h hercal'ler Ijy future suite anainsl him may happen, an<l his nallies frpe of such
ilotihltiil i>iic as doelh chance, lijjhtiii); with our ships. Whiih, as it is well kiioweii ti all
ilip wiirlil, haiie so );reat hearts as nencr cuwanlly to jeeKI to their eiieinies. And that
lIuTclorc in thai respect (after the proucrbe, like e-teenie of their like) lilcy are the more
of such a vaiiaiii prince as is their \'iceroy and hi-, i (Hiraj^ioiis Moiildier^ to lie in all (riencUhip
I lieii-.he(l and lieltcr estepined. If the raptaine lla-s i had liciic returned from Capha, I
uiiiild in lik<' maner liaiie |Hocnred his letters, \\|iirli for that he i- not, I douhl noihiii); hut
tli.it the Kiaiid Si^nioiN will siiHise. Ihiis coiiimeiidiiin your selle and tlu-se proceedings to
ilip almi;{hty his menil'iil direction, I hid \on 1110-.I heartily wel to lure. I'Vom my inunsiuii
Itapaiiiat ni){h I'era, this ;iU. of Ntarch, l.tS.i.

Series vpl re;;istrum \aloris nauiinn, lionnrum, i^- liominnm per triremes Arj»r-
rienses ereptorum, viia cum captiuoruni h><minum noininihus, lieglerbe^o Ar-
;;erieiHi IlaMsnno,

I Salomon de IMimmoiuh habiiil .'iG. luimines, oncrata rum Hale, oncrc trcccnlorutn doll-
iiriiin, \alcire I'lorenoriiin IMHK

'I I'.li/ahetha de Garnesey cum decern hominibus An^lis, relupiis Hritonibus, valore I'lore-
iionim 'i(MH).

.'< Maria M.iriin d<- [.niulou onere centum i^' tiij;iiita doliorum, reclore 'fhoma More cum
iriyinta ipiiiupie homiiiibiis, reuerlciis dc I'alrasso < um m.mdalo C'luiarco, \alore Moreno-
nnn U<IU.

t Uli/.ibclh Stokisilc I.oiiilon, reclore Dauid Fillie de 1, .luloii, Patra^sum \riiicns i inn
iiiailaio C.esareo : hiiiiis prieci|)uiis \alor eral in taileris numeratis, ipios habuit liicharJim
(iibben, ipii addiivit etiam Serciiissim.T l{e;;iii,T maicsialis liieras ('a'«ari \' oralori. N'aior rc-
lii|mis III iiuTcibiis Mia cum siiperiori in taileris edii it I'lorenorum 'il.»tK).

J Nicolaiis de London, reduce fhoma Forsler, oiier.ita ( nni Nuis sice is, valore I'loreiui-
nim 4-(M).

In tempore Knniadan Be;>lerbei;i Arjiir.r spolint.T iV ereptie naues, nxTces, iVi

homines,

I IVdilh dc Luiidon, rectore lacobo Pie.ire, cum hominiluis 'il \alore Klorenonnn .'MOO.

'2 lesu^ de London, rcc tor<- AiulruM Dier, cum '21. hnminibu" N'alorem tuiius & 14. ho-
iiiinc>-, reliipiis moriiii", red lidii llnmadaii l!.i-sa Tripnliianus Secrciario legati, l^dwardo Bar-
irn, \.iloic I'lorenorum IKHHI.

S'uinin.i hominiim mancipatoriim & \iiieniiiim liiiii liinporis, (piaiulo Cpvar lllu>-
trissinuis, i^ doininu> Oiaior (.'h.iiiseum .Nlahnmelem miserunt .Mjiiram.

I .\iile ficdiis iiiitum in ii;iiie I'j'lcr de lirisiow.

'■I In naiie Swallow dc London.

Post fcrdus iniluin in natie Hritonn.

1 In iKiiie Kabnet de Hampton

2 In natie .SaK iiion.

^lohn Winter.
i^Hoberf Harton.
lliic h. Crawford.
Y\iiihon\ I'.luem.
OVil. Uainolds.

lames Yoong.

Thomas Lisney.
ilohn 'fracie.
^Wil. (JrilTith.
f Wil. Cocke.

.Wl

§■

I Ii

i'¥' '

p; t

K, <

-iJ

• iL^ >:

tJ..

'(«li.'

30t

VOYAGES, NAUTGATIONS,

M. mil. Uarhmu:

1 I '1 n»iie Elizabeth. lohn Woodward, 'jilcs Nai)cr, Leonard lanu-s, Oliiicr D.illimore,
and Hirhard Maiinscll.

2 In naiic Maria Martin. Thomas Moo; ■, Wil. White, Wil. Palmer, Nieli. imvx, Peter
March, Rich. Uaslewood, Wil. Dewly, Wil. C'owcl, lohn Franke, Ilcnry Piiikrr, lohn Ca-
uendi.sh, Moiscs Kobiiison, Iame« Sotherich, Henry Howcl, Nich, Sinilh, Henry U,i{;-.ier,
Rich. Dauison, Rich. Palmer.

'i In naue Elizabeth Stokes. Danid Fillie, Walter Street, Laiireiicc Wilkins, Morgan

Dauis, Ii)hn Qiiintc, Ambro.sc Harison, lohn Peterson, Tri>iirani Voi.t, Roger Kibbe.
4 In naiie Nicholas, Thomas Forster rector nauis & eiiis nautar.

To Assan A<ja, Eunuch & Treasurer to Hassan Ra.s.sa kin? of Al;;er, whicli As,san
Aga was the sonneof Fran. Rowlie of Bristow merchant, taken in the Swalow.

I Recciucd vour letters of Will. Hamor gentleman my sernant very thankfully, aswel U<\
the fenient faith that by his report I hearc you haue in our lonl lesns Christ, by whasconely
merits and l)l(iodsheddin<;, yon together with vs and all other j;o(kI Christians so triilv bf-
leeuing, shalbc saued, a> also for your faithfull obedience like a true subiect to her Maiestie,
naturally louin^ yourcountrey & countreymen, declared in your fauourabic furtherance ol
the said Wil. Hamore, procurinjj their redemption. Of which your good & vertuous ac-
tions, as I reioice to vnderstand, so wil I impart the same to your singulcr comendation,
both to our mistressc her Maiestie, & her most honorable coinisellers the nobiliiie of En-
jjland, to whom assure your sclfe the report shalbc very welcome. And now this sccdml
time 1 am inforced by duetie to God <S: her maiesty, as also by the snial regard your mastei
had of the Grand Signors fonner commandemcnts, to complaine vnto him, though not >ic.
vehemently as I had occasion by his most vinvorthy answer. Rut I hope, & the rather \)\
your means, he will not contr.iry this second ccminandcment, threaining him, not obseruiti^
the same, lossc of office & life. The due execution whereof by your vertuous & careful
industry procured, wil manifest to all the world, e'i])ecially to her maiesiv, (I*.: me her am-
bassador, your true christian njind & English heart, inlentiuely bent to Gods honor, & ilio
libertie of the poore men, for whidi 1 trust von be <irdained another loiieph, to folow hi',
example in true pictie, in such sort that notuitlisiiding your body be subiect to Turkiiili
thraldom, yet your vertuous mind free frO those vices, next vnder God addict toy good scr-
uice of your liege Lady & soucraigne prince>;, her most exrclleni mai'sty, wil continiiailv
seeke by all good means to manilcsi J' »amc in this & the like faithful seruice to your sin-
gulcr cftmendation, whcrby both my selfe & others in that plac e hauing found you in all
good oflices faithfully afleciionalcd, may in like ca-ie perforiiie the like toN^ards you, ulun
& where you may haue occasion to vsc me : which as I for my part do as-urediv j)roniise, \-
wil no Icsse faithfully perforine : so accordingly I exj)cct herein, and hereafter the like of voii,
whom most heartily saluted I commend to the diuinc tuition and holy direction. From iiu
house Rapamat, this 28. of lune lf)S<).

Your louing and good friend her Maiesties .Ambassador

with the Grand Signor, Will. Harebornc

A petition exhibited 'u the viceroy for reformation of sinidry iniuries olTered our
nation in Morea, as also for sundry dcmaundcs needcfull for the establishing of
the traffike in those parts.

1 First that our people may be freed of such wonted molestation, as the laniscrsof Patras-c
haue alwayes from time to time ofTeied them, not reganling the kings commandemcnts to tie
contrary. That they be remoued and called away from thence, and none other remaine in
their place.

2 Thai where heretofore the kings commandemcnts haue becne graunted to ours, that n(j
person whatsoeucr shall forceably take from them any of their commodities, otherwise llien
paying them before the deliuerie thereof, for the same in readie money, at such price as tlicv
themKelucs will, and sell ordinarily to others, as alsu that no oflficer whatsoeuer, of the kings

the

Ilarhorur.
r Dallimore,

1.011'5, PcIlT

r, liilii) Ca-
iry U.igitcr,

ins, MdPgaii
bbc.

ilow.

ly, aswfl ini

wh(i.se oiH'ly

so truly Ijc-

hcr Maipstic,

"urtherance ol

verluoiis ao

romcndalion,

L>ilitie of I'.ii-

^ this Mci'oiui

1 your mastpi

lough not <i

the ralhcr h\

not obseruiii;;

oils & careful

i nic her am-

honor, & the

I, to (blow his

i"ct to Turkish

to y j^ood scr-

mW I'ontiniinlly

:c to your slii-

lund you in all

irils von, when

llv proniisi', \-

the like of ymi,

on. Trom m\

sador
ill. llarebonic

ll'ered our
)li>ihins; of

iscrsof ratras»ii
idemcnts to lie
ther reniaine in

to ours, that nn

otherwise then

ch priee as thiv

or, of the kinj;s

A manaale fur Patrasso. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

or any other, shall force fhrm to buy any commodities of that countrey, otherwise then the
needfull, at their owne will ;<iid pleasure, that the said commandements not heretofore obeyed
may be rcnued with such straight charge for the execution of the same, as is requisite for
thei'duc ed'ect.

■J That whereas sundry exactions and oi)pressions be ofTcred ours by such Byes, Sanjacbies,
iustices and Cadies, lani/.arics, Capajjies, and others, ofl'icers of the kinjjs commin;^ downe
into those parts, wl. - linding there resident no other nation but only ours, will vnder the name
of |)rcseiits fiirccablo take from them what they please ; We do require to obiient these
liarmcs, it may be specified by a commandcment fnun the kill"!; to which of such his officers,
presents may be fjiuen, and their sundry values, whereby both they and ours may rest con-
tented, sciierelv prohiljitinu; in the said coinmandement, that they take no more then that
appointed tlu'm, anil that no other oflfictrs but those oncly specified in that commaundemcnt,
ihic forcibly re<]iiire of them any thing whafsoeuer,

4 Tliat the Nadir and Customer of the port, hauing permitted our ship to lade, doe not
after demand of the marchants any other then the outward custome due to the king for the
same goods. And being so hiden, may by them and the Cadie with other their inferiour of-
ficers be visited, requiring for the visiting no more then formerly they were accustomed to
pay at their lir.'-t coinmiiig. After whicli the said ship to depart at the Consuls pleasure,
without any molestation of them, or any other officer whatsoeuer.

r» That Mahomet Chaus, sometime Nadir of Lenanto, and Azon Agon his substitute being
with him may be seiierely punished to the example of others, for often and vniustiv molest-
ing our nation, contra-ie to the kings commandcment, which they disdainel'ully contemned,
as also that the said Mahomet restore and pay ynto ours ihirtie for iJOO sackes of cur-

rants now ■ taken forcibly out nf n barke, comminu thither from the hither partes of iVforca, to
pav the king his ciisionu', and that from hence foriii, neither the said Mahomet, Azon Agon, nor
any other ollicer or person wli,it<oeiier doe hinder or trouble any of ours going thither or to
anv other place about their aOaires.

(j That whereas cerlaiiie lewe> of Lepanto owini; monev to our marchants for commodi-
ties solde them, haue not hitherto sntisded them, notwithstanding ours had from the king a
commandement for the lecoiicry of the same delits, but fled and absented themselues out
of the Towne at the commiiig of the same, another more f irciblc commaundement mav be
graiinted ours, that for nonpaiinen?, whatsoeuer miv be loud of theirs in goodj, houses,
vineyards, or any otiier thinj;, may be solii, and ours satisfied of their said debt, according
to ecpiitie and reason.

A commandement to PatrasSd jn Morea.

WHen this commandement shall come viii.i yon, know you, that the Consiill of the En-
glish Nation in our port of I'atrasso, hath giiien vs to vndcrstand, that Ibrmerlv we granted
him a r ommandement that ii.uiing paied onco ciistdinc for the currants bought to lade in their
hiiips, they shall not pav it agaiiie : acciTdiiig to which they bringing it to the port of I'atr.asso,
informing thereof .Mahomet the NaJir of I.cpaiito. he contrary to the tenor thereof and for-
mer order, doth aiiaine t.ike another ciisionie of him. and requiring him to know why he so
ilid contrary to our commandement, he aii-wered vs, he tookc it not for custome, but for a
(>resen!. Sloremier the sayd Consull cciillird vs jiow that the said Nadir contrary to ancient
<nst.)nie doth not take for the ki igs nglii is he ought currents, but will haue of the poore
men nuiuv at his pleasure, and tliercwitli buyeth currei.tsat a verv low price, which after he
doth forcibly sell to \s at a much higher price, saving it is remainder of the goods of the
king, and by this meanes doth hurt tlic poore men and do them wrong. Wherefore I com-
mand you by this my coinmaiHlenie.i, tliat vou looke to tliis matter betwecne this Consull,
liie Nadir, and tliis people, and do therein e'|ually accoiding to ri_ht. .\nd see that our cO-
niandemcnt in this matter bo obsenicd in such sort, as the\ hailing once in the port paied full
tustome, do not pav it auiiiic, nfiiiicr that this Nadir dw Like any more money of them by
the way of present, for iIkh therein it is most certaine he doth them iniurie ccntrarv to the

Canon,

303

'^m

VOYAGl'.S, NAUIOATIONS,

Tvikcf vuindiih

' •i|

\ Vi^

*!'■' ,'1-

i 1

t !

Canon. And if with you shall be fouiul t(i thr value of one Asper taken licrofofdrr wron^Ciillv
of (hem, sec it presently restored to them, without any drfault. And from hoiircloortli siv
that he doe neither him nor his people wronc;, Inil that he deale with them in I'M ihiii^s :ir-
eordins: to our Canon, that the Consull and hi> hereafter haue no occavion any iiK-re to ii.m-
])laine here in our Court, and that the Nadir jjroceed in Liaiherin;; cornnts of the j)((i[iU' after
the old order and not otherwise. This know you for certaine. and <;iue credit to tl.is nw
commaundement, which hauin^j read deliucr againe info the ConsuK handcs. IVoni Coi -
stanlinople the ycere of Mahomet 5)!'.'j.

A commandement for Chio.

V01)is, Be};& Cadi & Krmini, qui cstis in (^hio, siRuilicamus : quod serenissim;c Rei;iiKf
Maicstatis Anjjiia; orator, qui est in exielsa porta per literas si^^nilicnuit nobis, quod ex na-
tiil)u< Ansfliris vna iiauis veni^set ad |)ortum Chio, & illinc ('onstantinopoliin recto ciirsu vn.
luisset \enire, & contra priuilegium detinui^tis, & non siuisiis venire, llanr pradictus orator
signilicauit nobis : & petiuit a nobis in hoc ne^ocio hoc marulatum, vt naues Anglicre veniniii
tV redeant in nostras ditioncs C.-csareaa. Priuilegium datum iV conrcssum est ex parte Sc-
renitatis C.Tsareap nostra-: cV huius priuileijij copia data e>t sub insigni nostro: Kt contra
nostnnn priuilegium Ca?sareum quod ita ayitur, qu.T est causa' (Juan<l
no^iro luiinini's illorum ad vos venerint ex ])ra'dirta Anj;lia, si nanis venerit ad jinrtum vesirum,
& si res iS: merces ex naue exemerint. iV vendiderint, & Iricessiniam »ecundam ])arien) rid-
dideriiit,& re- quae nianserint Constantinopolim aulerrc vclint, ])atianlur : I',i sialijjuis contra
priuilegium iV arliculos eius ali(|uid agerel, non sinalis, nee vos facile: ^" impediri iicii
siiiatis eo-, vt recta Constantinopolim \ ententes in suis negotiationibus sine mojestia eN»c
possint. Kt quicunqiie contra hoc mandatinn & priuilegium nostrum aliijuid frcerit, nol,].
signilicate. Huic mandato nostro iK: insigni fidem adhibete. In prini i|)io men-is Detembri-

A coinniandement f'r Iialiabadram.

SKrenissima' Uen;ina' Angjia' orator literrs -irppllcatorijs in jKirta nostra fulgida significaiiH,
ijuod 15alial)adram venicntes mercai'ir''-. i.:nies &: homines corum, c intra priuilegium im-
pedirenlur iK: niolestareniur. Inter i/im enini & lie^iiiam cum ffrilus sit, vt mercati res, ho-
mines \: nauescrum contra [iriiiilegiiiin iiiipi dianliir aiit molc»telitur, tudlo vncpiam p;irlo
I'oncedimus. Mandamus i'^iiiir. M liier.i- ni>-.ine (',e«ar>ii', <piam primum tihi evliibita- fiic-
rint, has In per>ona propria cures, seciiiuluin quixl cnniicnit, \idea«(i; e\ Angiia Bali:;l)a(lrni!i
cum nu rcibiis \cMicnlilni~ hk it aturihiis. i\ alia-. <!) (;iiis:i, Miiientibus h( minibus, in suninu
Angliensilms & M.uiiixis eoruni, <S.: in n;iiiil)i;s c\i>l(nlii<us nieu il)us <)<: n'l'ii> contra fivihh
\ priuilegium, iniiiria, \is .nut d.unnuni mui inlcnitin-; scd, \t co:.nenil. dcicndas, vl naiicv
uR'natores, i<c homines. no>tri V( hit pruprij ■iibditi, lil'cri ab oinni \\ ^ iniuria permanr.ini.
i*«c neiiotijs suis incumbant. lit (luod illius loci lanisscri illos im|)edircnt, si'/nilicatinn c«i
\t illi illis uocumetito sint nullo modo coruedimus. luxla tencircm nianchiii luiios illos c.Mn-
nionefaci.is, \t nihil (|uic([uain contra fredus f.icjaiit, ita \t nun(|uam hiiiu-modi querela hiir
veiiiat, quia (juicquid acciderit, a le expostulabinuis. Negligeiiiiani po-tponiio, iSj insi^'ni
C.L'sareo lidem adhibeto.

A ( "ininauniicment for I'lg\|)l.

SCito tpiod orator Reginx An^li.e in porta niea evisiens iibellum su])plicem ad prri.im
nosiram mittens signilicauit, quod cum ex /7'!trvpio Consul eirum abcsset, Consid iliicCi.il-
licus existens, Vento nuncui)alM», quaiimis ante lure toinpora ne matins in Anglos mitirrd
mandatimi nostrum fuerit datiun, Anu:li -id) \c\illo I't Intel, i nostra stmt inquiens, mandatiim
C;esareum vili existimans, non cessauil perlurbarc .\nglos. (iuare sdtoquod licgiii;e .Aiiiili.T
priuilegium nostrum est datum. Iu\t.i illud priuilegium .\nglis nulla ratione ("onsul (iallidi-
Consi:latum agat, neiie manus iintnitiat. mamhiiuin nostrum po>tulauit eius lei;alus. (Juan
mando, vt contra priuilegiiun no-truin Consid (Jalliciis Anglis iniuriani non inferal, ncia
Consulatum ajjat. ludici /l-lgypti lilira- nostra: sunt data; : hanc ob causuin mando tibi ipio-

qiie,

A c,

TO the
.iiui to the
Ihiii conin
\s our com
no man si
or in the
or ports \>
:nuch, and
taken, hati
either in

Turkrs mandate.

TRAFPIQUKS, ANO DISrOUF.RIKS

305

que, vf iiiMa illiiil maiidatiim nostrum, contra priiiilps'""' nostrum Anj;lis Galium (^onsulatum
A'icre iiunquain patiarc. Sic sr ito, h iiisisiii mco (iilem adhibcto.

A comniaumlciiiriU of ihc Grand Si;;iiior (o the Cadie dr lud^c of Alexandria.

Tile Ivniba-isadour for the Qurenes most excellent Maiestie of I'j)<Tlan(l certified vs hnwc
that at the death of one of their niarcliaiits in Alexandria called F.dward Ciiamherlaine, the
French Consul Vcnto sealing vp his fondei^o and chamber, tooke vndcr his scale al his goods
and marchandise into his power, and required our commandement that all the goods might
be n-itored againc according to lustice vnio the Knglishmen : wherefore we cominaund you
thai hauing receiued this our i-onimandemcnt, you assemble liuisc of the one part and of the
oiher together, and if it be not passed line yeeres, if you haue not looked to it heretofore,
niisv carefullv looke to it, iS: if it be according to their Ar/. or certificate presented vnto vs,
that the lore-aid French ("(nisuli Vcnto hath wrongfully taken into his power the gtxxls ol
the deceased l!;iglish niardiant vnder his scale, that then you cause him to restore all the
said goods and luarchamli-e sealed bv him, and make giod that which is thereof wanting
vnto the Fnglish inarchant> : doe in this matter according to iustice, and crcdilc this our
scale.

.\ cominaiuleinent to the Hassa of .\lexandria.

THe Enibassadoiu- for the (iocenes most excellent .Maicsty of luigland by sup|)lication cer-
tified vs, how IJKit notwithstanding our priuilcge granted them to make Consuls in al parts of
our dominions to ijduernc their nation accor<ling to tlicir owne cu-tome \' law, to defend
thcin against all wrongs and injuries whatsoeucr : yet that the French Consull afTirming to
thee iliat art )!as«a, that ihcv w<'r<" Midcr liis banner, and that he should gouerne them, and
micrsce their Ini-incssr, aim hauing got a new priuilcge, mentioning therein the Ijiglish
men to be vndcr his lianner, did b\ all meancs molest iV trouble ihem, insomuch that thcii
Considl oppressed withmanv iniurics (led away, ami that thou which art Heglcrbie didst
niaintaine the French Consul herein: whereupon the Fmbassadoiu' required our commande-
ment, that they might haue iustice for these iniurics; wherefore we command thee th.it ha-
uing receiued this our commandement, you examine diliuentlv that his [jriuilcge, and send
thecopie thereof hither, and if it be found tlnit the FVench Consull \'ento hath bv subliltie
got the aforesaid priuilcge written, that vou then sec him piuiished, and suflcr not liercafter
(lie French or V"netiau Consuls to intermeihile with their busincsse. Obey this our com-
maundement, a. id giue crcdilc to the sea!e.

A commaiuulenu-nt to the Hyes, and Cadics (f Metelin and Khodes, and to all the
Cadies aiul Hvcs in the wav to Constantino])lc

TO the Saniakbies of Rhodes and Metelin, to the Saniacbies ixirdering on the sea-coast,
and to the Cadies in Rhodc'i and Metelin, ami to tiu" la'inins in the other j)ort-i and coastcs.
I his commmnulemcnt comming lovcii, know that tiie Fmbassadour of Fngland required of
\s our conuiiaundcmeni that their sjiips (onunini; to Cliio, & from tlieiue t(^ Constantinople,
no man should hurt ihein or oiler any violen( e, cither in the wav on llie sea or on the land,
or in the portes. 1 haue commaundcd, that their sluj)s commii^g to any of the -.lid places
or ports with marchandise, if they ihemsclncs wiil, ihcv ni.'.y sell their ( uniiuodities, iV .ns
much, and as litle as they will, and if it be in a place wlnre i ustome w.is not woont to be
taken, hauing taken the customedue bv the olde Cnum you suIILt them imt to bee iniuried,
either in the way, portes, or other pku es, but that they may come in (juictnesse to C(Ui-
slantinople, aiul certifie vs of those that be disobedient to our conuuaundcmcnl, and giue
iredile to our scale. Aiul hauing read this our commandemeiif, giue It to them againe.

A commaundcment I'oi' Alep[)o.

Wllen my letters slial come vnto you, know that the (iueene of Fngland her Embassador

l)\ supplication certilud how that before this time we had giuen our comandemcnt that the

vol. II. K r sumine

71 *» :^

mi i^

SOi

VOYAGllS, NAUIGATIONS.

Tho. Sanders.

/.!

I - 1

) \

Mtndoth p.ir*

posr, ktit] Cind

A n'w mait.r

Tht new m«tcT
died.

siimmp of 70 ducnfj, & other marrlimulizc brloniriiig to onr William Bnrret in Aleppo, now
dead, .-aving lie was a Venetian, should he j;iucn to the Venetians. And if thev did find
that he was not a Venetian, niv will w.is that they should send all his goods and niarchanilize
to our port into mv treasuric. Hut beiau«c tli.il man was an !''nglishnian, the Knibnssadonr
required that the saydc goods niij;ht not he diminished, hut that they niiijht be restored to
one of their Englishmen. This liisinesse was sigiiilied viito vs in the nine hundred ninetv
& fourth vere of Mahomet, and in f!ie inoneth of M;v the lOdav. This businesse pertaineili
to the Englishmen, who haue in their handcs our jiriuilepc, acrordiiig to which priuile;>(>
being in their hands let this matter be done. .\>>ain-t this priuilegc <lo nothing, aske iin.
thing of tlicm, but restore to euery one his goods. And I command that when mv co-
inandement shall come vnto you, you doc according to it. .\'id if it be according as ilu-
Ainba.ssadour certified, and that they haue the ])riuilegc, peruse the same, looke that nothiii','
be committed against it and our league, and let none Ininble them contrarie to it, restore
them their goods according to iustice, and take lieede diligently in this busineiwc ; if aiui.
ther strange marchant be dead, and his goods and mnrchandi/.e be taken, if he be neither
Venetian, nor Englishman, let not his goods perish among you. Befcire tliis time one of'
our Chauses called Cerkes .Mahomet chaus was sent with our conimaundement to sende tlic
monev aiui marcluindi/e of a dead marchant to our port, and hitherto no letters or ncwes i>
come of this matter, for which you shall be punished. Wherefore beware, and if he that is
dead be neither Venetian nor Englishman in veritie, doe not loose the goods of the said dt.ul
marchant, vnder the name of a Venetian or Englishman, doe not to the discommoditie of mv
trcasiirie, for after it will be hard to rccouer it.

The voyage made to Tiii)olis in Barbaric, in the vecre l.")S.'?. with a ship called the
le-us, wherein the aduenturcs and distresses of some I'.nglir-lunen are iruely re-
ported, and other necessary circumstances obserucd. Written by Thomas .San-
ders.

THis vovage was set foorth b\ the right worshij)fiill sir Edward Osborne knight, rhieft-
merchant of all the Turkisli coin|)any, aiul one master iiichard Siajjer, the ship being of the
burden of one hundred tunnes, called the Icsus, she was buildcd at Earnine a riuer bv I'(irt>-
mouth. The owners were master Thomas fhomson, Nicholas ("arnabv, and lohn (iilmnii.
The master was one .\ches Mellier of lilack-wall, and his Mate was one Iiichard .Morris of that
place: their Pilot was one .\nthonie lerado a Frenchman, of the |irouiiuc of MarseiK: the
purser was one William fhomson ' ur owners soniie: the merchants (actors were Homane Son-
nings a Erenchnian, and Kichard .Skegs seruant vnto the said master Staper. fhc owners
were bound Miio the menhants by charter parlie therevpon, in one thousand markes, that
the said ship bv (ioils permission should goe forTri|)olis in Barbaric, tliat is to sav, first from
Portsmouth to Ne\vliauen in Normandie, from thence to S. l.ucar, otherwise tailed Saint Lu-
cas in .\ndelu/ia, and from thence to fripolie, which is in the Ilast part of Africa, and so to
rcturne vnto London, But here ought euery man to note and tonsiilcr the workes of our
God, that many times what man doth determine Ciod doth disappoint. The said master hauing
some occasion to goe to I'armne, tooke with him the Pilot anil the Purser, aiul returniiii,'
againc by meanes of a perric of winde, the boat wherein thev were, was drowned, with ihc
said master, the purser, and all the company: onelv the said Pilot by ex|ierieiu-e in swim-
ming saued himselli': these were the beginnings of our sorrowes. Alter whi(ii the saitl mas-
ters mate would not procei ^i in that voiage, oul the owner hearing of this misfortune, and
the vnwillingncsse of the masters mate, did send downe one Hichard Deiinond, and shipped
him for ma'tcr, who did chuse for his .Mate oiu' .'\ndrew Dier, and so the said ship departed
on her voiage accordingly: that is to say, about the Iti of October, in An. I.')S.'{. she made
s.iile from Portsmouth, and the |.H day then next following she arriued at Newhaiien, where
our saidc Last master Dcimond by a surfeit died. The factors then ap[>oiiited the said ,\n(lre\v
Dier, bein;; then masters mate, to be their master for that voiage, who did chuse to be his
.Mates the two quarter masters of the .same ship, to wit, I'ctcr Austine, and Shillabcv, aiul for

Purser

''"IT,/.':

U\\

viiU4:\

Tito. Sanders.

'llw. Sanders.

TllAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

30T

Purser wa.i .'.hippccl one Hichard Biirctps. AffiTwanl alioul thr H clay of Noucmbcr wc made
(iaile forthward, and by rorcc of weather wc were driiien baeke aj;aine into IVirtcsinnulh,
where we reiuied our victuals and other neressaries, and then the wiiule came faire. About
the "20 dav th<;n next follnwiii!!; wc deiiarfp<l ihence, and the lirst day ol December l)v nieanes
of a eo)itrarie winde, wee were driuen to I'liinniouth. The 18 dav ilieii next followiiij;, svc
made fooitlnvard airaiiie, & l)y force of weather we were driuen to ralmoiith, where wc re-
mained vntill the first day of lanuary: at which time the winde comminji; faire, we departed
thence, and about the ^^0 dav of the said monelh we arriued -.alely at S. Lucar. And alxuit
liie y dav of March next follnwinfi;, wc maile saiie from thence, and about the 18 d.iy of the
same nioneth we came to fripolis in Barbaric, where wc were vcric will intertaineii b\ the j^Jj'','.;';"'- ;','.'
kint; of tlial counlrev, and also of the commons, 'I'lie commodities of that place are swee.e puii>.
oilcs; the kin<; there is a merchant, and the rather (_ willing to prefcrrc himselfe belore his
ccmmons) requested our said factors to Irallique wiili him, and promised them that iftliey
would take his oiks at his owne jiriee, thev should pay no nianer of custome, and they tooke
of him certaine tunnes of oilc: and alterwardc ])erceii:in<; that they nii;;iit hauc farre hitter
cliea|)e notwith'-tandini: the eustotnc free, ihev desired the king to licence them to take the
oiles at the pleasure of his commons, for that bis price did cxccedc theirs: w hereunto the
kiiiii would not ajiiee, but was rather contented to abate his price, insomuch that the factors
bininht all ii)eir tu les nf the kinj; custome free, and so l:i<!cd the same aboord.

In the mcane time there came to that place one Miles Dickenson in a ship of Bristow, who-'^"»'''">'"i'
together with (lur said I'actors iirokca house to themsclnes there. Our irench I'actor KomanctoTnH"
Si)nniii;rs desired to l)uv a cnmmoditv in the market, and wanting money, desired the saidc
Miles l)ic!.ens(.|) to lend him an hundred Ciiikinoes vntill he came to his lodging, which he
di;l, and al'li rward the same Si'nnings mette with Miles Dickenscn in the strcete, and deliuercd
him money bound vp in a napkin: s.iying, master Dickenson there is the money that 1 bo-
rowcd ofyou, anil so thanked him for tl.esame: hee doubted nothing lesse then falshoodo,
which isseldoine kiiowr.e i.inoiig inarchanis, and s|)ecial!v being together in one hou-e, and
is the more dcicst.dde tietweene Cliristians, thev being in Turkic among the he.ithen. The
said Dickenson did not tell the money presently, \ntill he came to his lodging, and then
finding nine Ciiikinoes lacking of his hundred, wiiich was al)out three pounds, for that cucry
Chikino is woorih sciien shillings of I'nglish money, he came to the savde KuTnane Somiing'^
and deliuered him his handkeri hiefi-, and asked !iim howe manv Chikinocs lice had deliuercd
him •* Sonnings answered, an hinidred: Dii kenson said no: and so thev protested and swore
on b.iih parts. Hut in the end the ^umI Ui;i<;ine Sonnings did sweare deejielv witli detestable
oihes and curses, and [irayed (Jod that hee might shewc his workes on him, that other might
take ensainple therebv, and that be might be hanged like adogge, and ncucr come into Kn-
gland againe, if he did not deliucr vnto the sayde Dickenson an Iiunilred Chikinocs. Aid
here beholde a notable example of all bla-pheniers, lursers and swearers, how Ciod rcw;iriled
him aceordinglv : lor many nmes it coinmeth to ])asse, that (iod sheweth his mir.icles a poii
-uch monstrous blasphemers, to the en»ample of other-, as nowe hereafter you shall hcarc wh;it
befell to thin Koniane Sonnings,

Tliere was a man in the said lownc a ]ilcdgc, whose mime was I'atrone Nor.ido, who the
\ere liefore had done this Sonning-i -.onu' pleasure there. The foresaid I'atrone Norado was
milebted vnto a Turke of that towrie in the snmme of foure hundred and lifiie crownes, for
certain goods sent bv him into Christendome in a ship of his owne, and I)v his owne brother,
arid himselfe remained in Tripolis as pledge vniill his said brothers returne : and, a.s the re-
port went there, after his I.toiIum-s arriuall into ('liri-,tendonie, he came among lewdc eom-
panie, and lost his brothers said ship and goods at dice, :nid neuer reiurncd vnto him againe.

The said I'.iirone Noiado being \oydc of ill hope, and findirig now oppc rtunitie, consulted a conspiraOf
with the said Sonnings for to swinime a scabonnle the Islands, and the ship being then out ofi'"",'"^*')'
lianger, should lake liim in ;as after was confessed") and so to goe to Tolon in the prouincc F.uiorVtudr-
nl' Marseilis with this I'atrone Norado, and there to take in his lading. "'"''■' T'"'''<ii

The shippe being readie the first dav of .Mav, and hauiiig l>er sayles all aboorde, our savde aown«." "

' li T 'i Factor;*

"i'i; i
1 . i

308

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

Tho. Sunders.

■t ■

I ,i

I fii''

i i ill l|!'^ ■

Ti.e beg.

.lur.g

luir t

ou-

1, .iiid

iKOa-

5ion i)f 4

Ithrir

nil

tiic.

I'nclors (lid lake llifir Icaiie of the kin^, ^vlll) very courteously bidde them farwell, and \vIkti
th('\ came al)()ordc, they comniaundcd tlie Master and the eompanie liastily to ;;ii out the
sliip: ilie Master answered tliat ii was vnpos-ilile, lor that tlie winde was eontrarv ;ind oiut-
Mowed And he retjuired vs \ pon lorlciturc of our bandes, that we should doe our indeuour
to j;et her foorth. Then went wee in warpe out the shippe, aiul presently the kin;; sent a
honfo alioord of vs, with three men in iter, i nniniainulinir the saide Sonninns to eonie a shoarc:
at whose eoniining, the kins; dentaunded oi' hint (MWtoine lor the oyies : .Soiniini;s answered
hini that his hijjhnesse had promised t ' (ieiiuer ihein < uslonic free. Hiit notwithslaiulinj; On-
kinj; weighed not his said promise, and as an inlideil that h.itii not the leareof (Ind lielore liis
eyes, nor regarde of his wonle, allicit lice was a kini;, lu-e cau-.ed liic sayde .Soniiin^^s to pay
the (iNtonie to the vtierniost penic. And allerwanle willed hnn to make h,iste away, savins,
that tlie lanizaries would haiie the o\ le ashoare ataine.

These lani/aries are smildier- tlu-re ^ mler the ^real TMrkc, and their power is alioue tlu
Kinj;s. Ami so tlie saide Kac lor departed troin the kini;, and came to the waterside, tnd
called Cor a boale to eome aboorde, and he broiiuht wiia him the foresaid I'attone Nonuhi.
The eompanie iiupiisitiue to kiu)W what man that was, Sounin^-. answered, that he was h^
eounlrevman, a passeni,'er; I pray God said the eompanie, that we come not into trouble l)v
this man. Then said Soiniini;s aiiijerly, what haue you to <lo \siiii any m.iiters oT mnu'? if
anv fhini: f haute otherwise then well, I niiisi answere tor all.

Niiwe the Turke vnto whom this I'atrone Nor.ido was indebted, mi-.«iiiii him (-iipposcl
him to be aboorde of our shippe) presently went vnto the K'wuj,, ami tolde him that liee ilum.^ht
that his pledge I'alroue Norado was aboord of liie luiglisli ship, whereupon the King presetiiK
sent a boat aboord id vs, witii lluee men in her, eommanding the said Soimings to roiiie ;i
-shoare, and not speaking am thing as touching the man, he saide that hee woidd come prr-
sentlv in his owne boate, but assoone as they were gone, he willed vs to warpe (north the
ship, and saide that he would see the kiiaues hanged liefore he wouitl goe a shoarc. And when
the king sawe that he came not a shoarc. l)ut still ((iniinued warping a\\a\ the shippe, he straight
coiumaiiiuled the gunner of the l)id\sarke next \jilo \s. to shoole three sliootes without ball.
Then we ( anie all to the said Soiinings, and .iskcd of him what the mailer w,is that we were
shot at, he said that it wis the I.uii/aries who wonld haue the o\ le a shoare againe, and willid
vs to make haste awav, and after that he had disi iiarged three shots wilhi.ut ball, he coai-
inaunded all the gunners in the lowne lo doc their indeuour tosinke vs, biil the I'lirkish '.ini-
ners (ould not ruice strike \s, wherefor.- the king sent presently to the Jkinio: (this H.ini.i
is the prisdi) whereas all the captiucs |a\ at night) and promised if that there were am ih.ii
could either sinke vs, or else cause vs to eome in againe, he shoulil haue a hundred crowne-i.
and his liberlic. With that came loorlh a Spaniard called Sebastian, which had bene an did
seruilour in Kkuulers, and he said, th.it \ |)on the pcrformamc of that promise, hee would \n.
derl.ikc either l.i sinke vs. or lo i au^c \s to come in againe, .ind tlierto he would g.igc his lile.
and at the fiisl shotte he split our rudders head in i)icces, .md tlie second shoile he strake \s
vnder the w.ilcr, and the third shollc he shotte \s throiii;h our foremast with a Coluerini; siii,t,
and thus he hailing rent belli i ur nuliler and masle, and shot \ s vnder water, we were ialorccil
to goe in againe.

This Sebastian tor all his diligence herein, had neither his liberty, nor an hundred crowiie-,
sn,
wherebv iiiav appeare the regard that the Turke or inlideil hath (d' his worde. alllioii^^li lu-
be able to perforine it, \ea more, lluniiih he be a king.

Theii our nienhanls seeing no rcmedie, they together with line ol our com|)anie \*cni ,i
shoare, and liien they (c.ised shooting : they shot vnto vs in the whole, nine and thiriic
sliootes, without the hurl of any man.

.\nd when our niarchants came a shriare, the King cuininaunded presentU that they willi
the rest of our eompanie that were witii them, should be cheined fonre iV: foure, to a huiulred
waight id' vron, and when we came in with the ship, there came presently alioue an humlred
Turks abooril of vs, and they searched v.s, and siript our very clothes IVoiii our b.ickes, ^Sc biakc

open

I";'

Tho. Sanders.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUKRIES.

309

(il mine? if

iiulml crowiK'-

onci) oiii* cliesis, and made a spoyle of all tliat wc had: and the Christian caitifcs likewise,
(hat (■■line a boord of vs niado spuyle oFonr ^oods, and vsed vs as ill as the Turkes did. And
our niastrr-* mate haiiini: a (Joneua Hililc in his hand, there tame the kinj^s chiel'e "nnncr,
and tooke it nut frmn hini, who shewed me of it, and I hanini; the lan;;nai?e, went presently
tticnfes t > our owne
discretion, as thcv sulRred the Spaniards and other nations to vse theirs, and he };rauiited \s :
then ! told him that the niaister uiiinner had taken away a Bible from one of our men: the
Treasurer went pre>ently and cominaunded him to deliuer vj) the Bible againe, which he did :
\ within a lille after he lonke il froni the in.in aijaine, and I shewed the Treasurer of it, and
pre-entiv he commanndcil him to deliuer il .ijiaine : sayiiij;, thou villaine, wilt thou tunic to
('hri^liaiiilie ajj.iine? lor he was a Hene;;ado, which is one that lirst was a Christian, and af-
terwards becomiiu'lh a Tiirke, and so he deliii(T<'d ine the Hible the second lime. And then
I li.iiiinj; it in mv hand, the ;runner came to ine, and spake these wordes, saying, thou doff^c,
I wil liaue the hooke in despiuht of thee, and tooke il from me, saying : If thou tell the kinjrs
Irea^iiror of it anv more, bv Mahomet I will be reuenf;ed of thee. Notwithstanding I went
the ihirti time vnio the kinns Treasurer, and toldi' him of it, and he came with me, sayinj;
thus vnto the t;nni.er: l)\ tiie he.id of the fjreit Turkc, if thou take it from him againc, thou
shall iKine an hundred bastonadoes. .Vnd foortluvith he deliuered me the booke, saying, he
had not ihe v.ihie<it a i)iii of the sp(i\ le of liic ship, wliich w.as the better for him, as hereafter
vou shall lu'are ; for tlure w.is none, niiiher Christian niT Turke that tooke the value of a
peniwnrlh of mir j;oods from \s, but perished both bodie and goods within seiientcene moneths
fnllowing, as hereafter -hall plaiiiilv appeare.

'fhen came the CJuardiaii IJa-ha, wiiich is the keeper of the kings capliues, to fetch vs all
a slioare, ami then I reii\eiiil)riii!; l!ie miserable e-lale of ])oore distressed eaptiues, in the
time of their bondage to iho-e inhdcls, w«'nt to mine owne chest, and tooke out thereof a
iarre of ovie, and lilled a ba-ket full of white lUiske lo <aric a shoare witli me, but before 1
came to the Hanio, the Turkish b(v\e-. had taken aw.iv almo-t all mv bread, and the keeper
saide, deliuer me the iarre of o\ le, and when thou commest to the Ranio thou shall haue it
ag.iiiie, but 1 neuer h.id it of him any mere.

Hut when I came In the IJani). and >awe our NfarchanN and all the rest of our company in
rhaines, and we all readv lo re( clue the same reward, what luart in the world is there so hanl,
hut would hane pitied our c.uise, hearing cr^tiing ihe lament. d)k' greeting there was betwixt
vs : all this happened the lirst of W.tv, l.')SI,

And the second diy of the same moneih, tlie King with all iiis ccunsell s.ite in iudgcmentThr Enfii>hm«»
vpon vs The lirst that were had forth lo be iirraigned, were the Factors, and tiie Ma.sters, and ■"■"S""'-
tlie King asked them wherefore thev (a:ne U' t ;i shoare when he sent for them. And Homaine
.*^ollnings answered, that though he were king on shoare. and might commannde there, so was
hee as touching ihose that were vtnler him: and therefore -.lid, if anv ollence be, the fault is
wholv in mv -clfe, and in no other. flien foorlhwilh the king gaue uulgement, that the saide
Koniaine Sonnings -houM be hanged oner I'le Northeast bulw.irke: from whence he conueved
the forenamed I'atnine Nor.ido, ami liien he called h r our .Master .\ndrew Dier, and vscd
fewe Wordes lo him, and so condemned hiai to be lianged oucr the wallesoi'the Westermost
bnlwarke

Then fell our other Factor (named Richard Skcgs) \pon his knees before the king, and
said, I beseech your highnesse either to pardon our Ma-.ter, or cUe sulVer me to die fir him,
lor he is igiiorant of this cau-e, .\nd ilien the people id' th.it counlrev I'auouring the said
Richard Skegs besought the king lo pardon lluni both. So ihenihe king spake these wordes:
lleholde for thy sake, 1 pardon the M.i>tir, flu n preseiillv the fnrkes sh()ute<l, and cried,
swing: Awav with the M:i-tcr from ll;i' presence of the king. And then he tame into
the Ranio whereas we were, aiul tolde \s w!i it li.id happened, antl we all reioyced at tlu'
good hap of ma-tcr Skegs, i!i;il hee was saned, and our .Master for his sake.

Rut ;d'terward our ioy wa.s turned to double ^orruw•, lor in the mtane time the kings mintle

wak

"i,' . ■>!

lS>' A ^^'

!■■# r

K'piT

310

voya(;rs, nauioations.

Tlio. Saiuhn.

U H

\ I'ii

J- 1

^ (•

M fc '■>

Minrr Difr

coiiiirniiicd (o
Iw h.ingrd iiurr
R butwifkc.

A Fifinhnun
tiitiicJ I'liike,
HI lii'p.- oflilj
lilr, jnJ .ifHT.

Fufiv fine nipti
alloMtd hut two
pfiKf t'f bread
• day.

Tlie Tutkes
buildrdachurdi

yiM altered: for that one of his couiiscll luul niliiiscd him, that v.ilessc the Master died also,
bv the lawc they could not conlisc.ite the nhip nor good", neither e;i|)tiiic any of the mr n ;
whereupon the king si^nt for our Master againe, a'ld gaue him anotlx r iudgemeni after his
pardon for one cause, which wa-t ih.it luc slumlil he lianucii. Here all true ("hri-.tiaiis may
see what trust a Christian man may piil in an iiilidiK proni se, who being r King, p nloneda
man nowe, as you liaue heard, and within an iioiire alter hanged him for tiie same cause he.
fore a whole multitude : and also pr(iini>ed our r.uiors their <) les custonie free, and at their
going awas made them pav the vllermo'-f penie for the ciisicune thereof.

And when that Homaine .Soiuiings ^aw no remedy but that he should die, he protested to
turnc Turke, hcpinj; iherehv to haue >aiieil liis life. Then said the Turkc, if thou wilt liirnc
Tiirke, speakc the \,i>rds that thereunto belong: ;.nd he did so. Then naide they \nto him,
Now thou shalt die in the faith of a Turke, and so hee did, as the Turkes reported th:il were
at his execution. And the forenaineil I'.itrone Nor.ido, whrreas before he had libcrtie and did
nothing he then was coiuleinned sialic |)crpctuall, except there were painient made of tlie
foresaid sumine of money.

Then llie king condemned all \s, who were in nuinl)er sixe and twentie, of the whidi,
two were hanged (as you haue heard) and one died thi> lirsi duv wee came on shoare, ljy the
vi.-.ilalion of .\lmightie (iod: and the other three and iweniie he ci ndemned slaues perpetu-
ally vuto the great Turke, and the shi|> ;uid gnods were conliscated to the vse of the groat
Turke: and then we all fell downe \pon our knce>, gining (ioil ihankes for this sorrowhill
\'siiaiion, and giuing our seines wiioly to tlie .\lniightie power of (Jod, vuto whom all secretj
lire kiiowen, that he of his goodnesse would vouchsafe to lioke \pon vs.

Here mav all true Christian hearts see the wondirfoll worki-s nl (iod shewed \|)on such in-
lidels, blaspiieniers, whorcmastcrs, anil rcneg.ite (hri^iians, and so \oiisiiall reade in ti.e
eiuie ol' this booke, of the like \pon the vnfaiihliili king and all hi., children, and of as many
as looke anv [joriion of the said goods.

Ihit lirst to shevve oiir miserable Ijniulage ami s'.iuerie, and \nto what small pittance and
allowance wee were tied, for eiicrv line nx'o liad ;ill"w;ince but Hue aspers of bread in a dav,
which is but two ])eiice Knglish: and our lodging w;:s to lye < n the bare booriN, with a xcry
simple cape to couer vs, wee were also ft rceably and most violently shaneii, head and biard,
and wiihin three daves after, 1 and sixe more of inv fellowes, togetlu r vsith fourescore It.diaris
and .Spaniards were sent foorih in :i Cialeot to take a (ircekisii Cannosell, which came into
Africa ti) steale Negroes, and \>ent out if Triptiis \nlo tliat pl.ii e, which was two hnniheil
and fcurtie leagues theme, hiil wee wen' i ii liiicd ihrce and three to :ui o;ne, and wee rowed
n;iked ;ibouc the girdle, and tlie btiteswaine I'l lie (laliey walked ;il)aft tlu' ma'^lc, and Ins
Male afore the ma>ie, and eche of them a bulls jii-scll diicd in tluir hamle-, ;m d when tluir
diuelish choller rose, they would strike the Christians for no i aiise : and tlicy allowed \s Imi
halfe a pound of bread a man in a dav without anv other kinde cf siisienance, water escepicd.
And when we came to the jdace win teas wee saw the Carmoscll, we were not siillcred to li;iiic
neither needle, bodkin, knile, or:niy other weapon al)oiii\s, imrai ;iiu < tlurtimein the night,
vpon paine of one hundred bastiinadoes : wee were ihiii also (nielK inanacklcil in sin h
«ort, that we could luit |)iit onr hamles the length <A' (Hie loote asuuiler t:.c one from the other,
and enery night they searched our ih. lines three times, to see if ihev were fa-l riueled: Wee
continued figlit with the Carnu s; I! three hourcs, and then wee tooke it, and l< st but two of
our men in that fight, but there wire slaine of the (Jreekes line, and fonrcteene were cruellv
hurt, and they that were sound, were presently made slaiies, and chained to the cares: and
wiihin lifteene daycs after we returned againe into Tripolis, aiul then wee were jiiit to all
luancr of slaueric. I was put to hewe stones and other to cary stones, and some to dr.iw the
("art with earth, and some to make morter, a id some to draw stones, (^ for at that time the
Turkes builded a church : ; .\nd thus we were put to all kinde of slaueric that was lo lie done.
And in the lime of our being there, the Moorcs tli.it are the husbandmen of the counlris rebel-
led against the king, because he Wdiild haue constrained them to pay greater tribute then here-
tolbre they had done, so tliat the .Soiildioui-~ of Tri])oli4 marched fourth of the lowiie to haue

iovned

^'VM:^

tvJ..

I
I

Tlw. Sanders.

TRAFFIQUFS, AND DISCOUF.Rir.S.

311

ioyned batfcll against the ^^ll(l^c•^ ((.r their rebclhon, and the Kiiijr sent with them foiirc pieces
ol'Ordinanre, whicn were draweii l)v the raptiues twentie miles into the Coiintrey after them,
and at the si^ht thereof the Moorcs fled, and then the Captaines returned hacke againe. Then
1 ami cerluine Christians more were sent iwcliic miles into the conntrcy with a Cart to lode
timber, and we returned an;iinc the same day.

Nowc tlie kiiif; had IS, cnptiiies, which three times a weeke went to fetch wood ihirtie milc-i
from the liiwne: and on a time he appointed me for one of the 18. and wee(le|)artcd at ciij;ht
of the clockc in tlie niffhf, and vpoii the way as wee rmic vpon the camels, I demaunded of
one of our company, who did direct vstlie way? hcsayd, that there was a Moore in our com-
pany whiili WM our guide: and I demaunded of them how Tripolis and the wood bare one
oil' the other ? and hee said, l''ast Northeast, and West Southwest. And at midnight or neerc
lherea!)ouls, as I was ridinj; vpon my camel, I fell asleepe, and the guide and all the rest rode
away from me, tiol lliinkin;^ but I had bene amon;; them. When I awoke, and finding my
selfe alone dur.-l not call nor halhiw for feare least the wilde Mooren should heare me, because
they holdethis opininn, that in killin<; a Christian they do God good scruice : and musing with
my selfe what were best for me to do, if 1 should goe foorth, and the wilde Moores should
haj) to niecte with mee, tliev would kill mee: and on the other side, if I should returne backe
to Tripolis without any wood or company, 1 should be most miserably vsed : therefore of two
ciiils, rather 1 had to goe foorth to the loosing of my life, then to turne backe and trust to
their niercie, fearing to bee vsed as before 1 had scene others: for vnderstanding by some of
my company before, howe Tripolis and the saide wood ilid lie one ofT another, by the North
sfarre I went forth at aduenture, a:ul as (Jod would haue il, 1 came right to the place where
t'ley were, euen about an houre lielore day: there altogeilier wee rested and i^aue our camels
prouender, and assoone as tlie dav appeared, we rode all into the wood; and I seeing no wood
there, but astitke here ami a stjcke tliere, about the iiigiu-s-e of a mans :iriiie gnnving in the
sand, it caused mee to marueile how so many c.unels slxnild be Indcn in that (jlace. The
wood w IS limiper, we needed no .i\e nor ed:;e l.iole to cui it, but phukt it \\) by strength ol"
hands r<i(iies and all, whicli a man might ca>ilv do. and so n.itliered it together, a little at one
place and so at another, and ladeJ (>ur camels, and ( ame home about scuen of the clocke
that night folowing : because 1 fell luce, and m\ ciunel was tired, 1 lefi my wood in the
way.

'fliere was in Tripolis liiat lime a \'eni.iian, wlx'se name was IJenedctto Venetiano, and
scuenteene captiues more of his Kimii.iny, which raime a\sav froui Tripolis in a bcate, and
came in siglit of an Uland called M.ill.i, wliiiii lielli fourlie le.igues from Tripolis right North,
and being \»iiiiiii a mile of the .^hoare, iV \ery laire weather, one of their compmiy said, In
dis[)elti> {\c Dio adc^so \eiiio :i pilliar terra, wliic h is as much to sav : In tiie despite of God
I ".hall now fetch the shoare, and |)reseully tlure arose a n\ighty storme, with thunder and raine
and the wind at North, tiieir boale bciui; \crv small, so that ihev were inforccd to bcare vp
roome, and to sheare rii;hi afore the winde oner against the coa^t of IJarbarie fr.im whence
tliev came, and rowing vpand dowiie tlie coast, their victuals beir.g spent, the 'il. day after
their departure they were inforced thr.ugli the want of food to come aslioare, thinking to
haue r-tolne some shcepe ; but the Moores if the coimtrev very craftily [)erceiuinn their in-
tent, gathered tcgetiuT a threcstore horsemen, and hid themselues behinde a sandie hill, and
when tlie Christiiiis were cnuie all a slui.ire, and past \p halfe a mile into the coinitrey, the
Moores rode betwixt lliem and llicir biale, and some of them pursued the Christian-, and so
ihev were all t.iken and l)rou^;lit to Tripoli-, IVom whence tliev hail befi>re CMapcd: and pre-
sently the kin^ conimauiiileil llial the (ore-aiile Henedetio with one more of his compaiiv shoidd
lose tiieir cans, and the iv>t should be mo>l (ruelK beaten, which was presently done. This
king had a sonne whii h wa> ;i ruler in an Island called Gcrbi, whcreunio airiucd an Kngli>h
sliip|)e called the (ireene Dragon, ol' the \\hi<h was Master one M. Hloiiket, who liauing a
very vnha|ipv boy in th.it sliippe, ami \ mlcrst:i: ding that whosoeuer would turne Turke should
be well ciiteiieiiieil of the kings sonne, t!iis bov did runne a shoare, and voluntarilv turned
Turke. Shortly after the kings soiinc came to ■i"ri[)olis to visitc his father, and seeing our

company,

Thr Cliriitiant
H-nt 3. limrs ii
Mcirke 30. mitcl
to fetch wood.

Eii'htfene rap-
(iiirs run jwa^
floiii TrijH'lii.

The iiiilgctr.fot
of (loii vpuii
t)Ij&phrnifti,

Tile Grcen«

M'!'

y :

tJ^f,'

1 ll

■{<■'

i .\\.

\OYA(ii;s, NAUIGATIONS,

Tho. Sand

y>'

riu- kiii|« <.iiiiif

hid .1 ctptiiir
tltJI Wis Miniiir
10 one of the
Ouerntt Mjiek-
iTri guarij, that
wai forced tu
turtle Tutkr.

((imj>;m\, hro greatly fancied Riclinrd linrijcs our Piirscr. ami Liiucm Smith: llu>y wcro hoih
joPf; nuMi, thcrofdrc" lie »vas very de-iriuis to liaue llicm in liinic 'I'lirkc", but tliey woiilil luit
yeeld to liis ile»ire, >ayin^' Wc ""■ vnir lalluix slanc", and .is •.lanes wee will seme liim
Then his lather the kinj; sent f- i ., and asked them if they would fume Tnrkes? And

lliev s.iide: If it |de;ise

\ our 1 fi,

hnes-e, riiri-.tians we were Ix^rne, and so we wi

reinanie.

and luseei hed the kini; that thev niijjht not liee inlortHMl thereunto. The kinj; had llicre
lore in his house a scnne ol' a veonian of onr (lueenes <;nard, whom the kiii'^s sonne had

foreed to lurne Turkc, his name was Ii hn Nels

him liie kini; < aused to he hroujhl ! i tin

yon;; men, and then said \nto ihem: Wil not you hcare ihi. uuir countreyinan eompanv,
and lie Tnrke as lu-e i»"' And thev sjlde, that they would nut \erld thereunto duriii;; liliv
But it fell out, that wilhin a nuineth alter, the kn;i;s sonne went htinie to (ierhi an;aiiie, hc-
in;^ si\c score miles from TrijKilis, and carlcd olu' two i'ore-aid yon;,' men witli him, whirli
vere Hit hard Hur^jes, and lame- Smith: and after their de|):irture Irom \s, thev sent \s j
letter, siijnif\in;; that there was no violciue sheweil \nto them a- vit, Imt within three daves

iil'ter thev were siolentiv v>ed, lor that tl

(• kiiiijs konn

e deni:uind(d of tl

Kill ajiainc, if ilut

thev wmdd Inrne Turkc ^ Then answered Kicii.ird nur;;es, a Chrisiian 1 am. and so I will
reinaine Then the kings sonne very anjjerly siid vnto him: I'y .Mahomet thou shall pn
s.'iitlv he made Turki- Then i ailed In- fcr his iiu'n, and c.'inmaniled them to make hit
Tmke, and thev did so, and t ircuuK iscd him, :ind would haue lad him spcake lite word,"
iIliI the reunlo lielon 'cd. Inil he answered them ■.loiillv that he would noi : ;iiul althnui;h llif

had

id put I n him the habile

Turke, \el s,i\d he, A Ciiri-tian I w:is 1:

)oine, anc

I sti I

will

reni.iinc, tlu uuh vmi force me to doe oliierwisf.

.\iid then he called for the other, and commaiindcd him In be m:idi' i'urke perforce al-o:
but he was \er\ sironj;, for it was so much as eight of the kings sounes men could doe in

sow lo passe (uitT

hoidc him, so In the ende lliev cireuiiui-eil him, and made him Turke,

a little

lid so to shi

we the mancr ol our dclnii-raiu e out <d that nii»eral)le (.ipliuitie

The lilit Motion
fur those Kn>
]|hthfrrnl deli-
uerie.

In .Mav .ill res.iid, slmrtK alter our :ippi(lun-i 'ii, I wn I" a letter into Kngland vnt
f.illier dwtlliii'' in Tani-.tol.c in Denon-liin-. -iiinilviii; \nto hini tl e whide esl.ite of ru

o niv

amine-

wrote al

lo {

'on-.laiiliiiopU- to the I'nglish I'.niba-s.i.lour, both which Idle

were failhliilJN tit liiiercd Hut uhen w\ lather h.id ret liiicil my letter, ami Miderstood tin
trudh of I iir ir.i-hap, and tlie otc.isi.n tlvrinf, :ii.d wh.il had h;ippened to the oll'ender-, hi
lioiirable the earle of I'eilford thereof, who in short sp it e :ic(pi,iiiited lu

certilied the n"ht

jht h.

sse with the wliole cause thereof, and her Maicstie like a mi".t meriifnil

I rincesse tcn-

tlering her Siibiei t-, prescnilv looke ordi r for our deliueniHe Whereupon the right
shipful sir lalwani ()-boroe knight dirci ted his Idlers with all spi'cd to the I'nglish I'.inhas.
sadour in (.'(iii-.t;iniinoplc, to proinrc our deliiierv : and he ohicinetl the gre.ii 'i'urke-
Commission, and M'nt it foorlhwith to Tripniis, hv one Master l'.dw. rd nartnn, together wil'
a Itistice of the great Turkes, and one -ouldionr, :inil anolher fiirke, and a (iieeke v.h'cli wi-
is inlerpretoiir, whiih (ouM s|

•ake l)(-iih'» (ireeke, I'urki-ii, li:ili

d I'.n-'i-'i,

And when thev came to Trijioli-, tliey 'lere well inlcrteineil. .Viitl the !!;»( ni^lit ilicy

('apt

tames house in the towne. all lUi con

IV thai were

for io\ to M:istcr Harti

id the other (

onimissioners ii see

ther

iiiii

r.iiolis ( aine ili:it iii';:ii
Th: n m.asier I'art

►aid vnto \s, welcome my good countrex men, and huiingU intcrU'iiied vs, and at our tie-

laniire Iroin

him, he gaue vs two ^hillings, ami said, SerueCiod, f.r tn morrow ! iuipc \i

\all be as free as ciier \on were; We ail i,'aue him tliankes and so departei

e next dav in

the

liii"; \er\ ear]\, the Kin" h.iii

■ f tl

leir comMiint

sent Word to the keeper, that none of the Kngli-hnien (meanini; oi r lompanv) siuui'd gor

rs, ;ind diinaunded ol

.rkc

Then he hcnt for Master H.nton and llie other Cominiss

the S3' le Master IJ.irton his mes-age: the Iii-lice an-wered, that the great Turke hi- Si

reiiiue had sent them \nto him, signil\ing that he w;

led that a certaine V,

shippe, called the lesus, was bv hiin the saiile king coiihseated. about twelue moneihs siiu i
aiul nowc my saide Soiicrcigne hath here sent his especial! commi-sion bv ; .s vnto you, fi:
ihe deliuerantc of the saide sjiipjjc anil griods, and al-o the free liberlie and dcliuerance <

the

Tho. Sanrtcrs.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

31S

llic lio^lislimpii of the snmc Nliippr, whom you haiic taken and kept in cnptiiiilie. Ami I'lir-
tlicrtlie ^amc liislico saiile, I am aiiihori/ed hy my sa\d Moiicraij;ne the great Tiirkc to see it
(Innc: Ami tliercfore I commaiind yon by vertnc of this comminsion, presently to make re-
stitution of the premisses or the vahic thereof: and so did the Listiees jleliucr vnto ti>e KinKxh«nn|iiihm«i'
the ;;reat Turkes commission to the ellect aforesaide, whitli eommission the king with afi «i««"ii.
obedience reteined: and after the perusing of the same, he foorthwith eommande<I all the
Kn^'li-h capliues to lie brought before him, and then willed the keeper to strike od' all our
\rons, which dotic, the king said. You Englishmen, for that you did oflend the lawes of
this place, 1)V (lie same lawes therefore sr)me of your company were condemned to die an
voii kiiowe, and von to bee pcrpetuall capliiies diM'lng your lines: notwithstanding, seeing
il halli pleased mv soueraigne lord the great Turke to pardon your saiil o/rences, and to giue
\(iii vour freedonie and lil)ertie, beholde, here I make deliuery of you to this English CJen-
ileman; si hee deliuered vs all that were there, being thirtecne in number, to Master Bar-
ton, who recpiired also those two yong men which the Kings sonne had taken with him.
Then the king answered that it was against their lawe to dcliuer them, for that they were
turned Turkes: and touching the shiji and good-, the king said, that he had soldc her, but
would make restitution of the value, and as much of the goods as came \nlo his hands, and
so tiie king arose :n)d went to dinner, and commaunded a lew to goc with Master Harton and
tile other commissioners, to shew them their lodging, whiih was a house ])rouided and ap-
pointed tiieni t)\ the said king. And because 1 had the It.Tliaii iV Spanish tongues, by whu h
their most irali(|iii' in liiat counirey is. Master Harton mule me his Cater to bu\ hi-, victuals
fur liim and his companv, and deliuered me money ncedlull for the same. Thus were wee
set at libel lie the 'iS. day of .\pril, l,'),S.').

Novve to rclurne to the kings plague-) and punishments, which Almighty (!od at his will and Thf I'lijuci ind
nlc.isure si'u.lcili \pon nieii in the siijht of the worlde, and likewise of the plauues that befell i"""''"'"'"''

• , ., , , ', ,. . , ^.- , ,11 1 ^ thit hii'i>«ri«a to

his children ami (Jlliers aloies.ndc. I'irst when wee were made bondmen, l)emg the second ihe King and hi»
<lav of May l->HI. the king had .'{0(>. rapiiues, and before the moneth was expired, there '""''''■
(lied of them of the i)lagiie I.JO. .\nd whereas there were 'iO. men of our com|)any, of
uhoin two were hanged, and one died the same day that wee were made bondslaues: that
present moneth there died nine more of our comi)any of the plague, and other two were
forced to tiirne Turkes as before is rehearsed: anci on the fourth day of Iiine next following
the king lost I jO camels, which were taken from him by the wilde Mnores: and on the 2S. The king lott
day <'f the saide moneth of lune, one (ielVrey -Maltese, a renegado of Malta, rannc away to '^°' 'j''"''''
his countrey, and stole a Hrigan<line which the king had builded for to take the Christians "udeMiwrei.
wiiliall, and caried with him twelue Chrisiians more which were the kings captiues. After-
wanl about the tenth day of luly next following, the king road foorth vpon the greatest and
fairest mare that might be scene, as white as any swanne: hee had not ridden fourtic paces
from his house, but on a sudden the same mare fell downe vnderhim gtarke dead, and I with
>.i\e more were commaunded to burie her, skinne, shoes and all, which we did. And about
three moneths after our deliuerie, M.ister Harton, with all the residue of his company, de-
parted from Tripoli to Zaiite, in a vessell, called a Setlea, of one Marcus .Segooriis, who
(hsclt in Zaiile, and after our arriual at Z.mte we remained lifiecne daycs there aboordc our
vessell, before wee coulde haue I'latego (that is, Icaue to come a shoare) beciiiise the plague
was in that |>lai'e, i'rom whence wee (ame: aiul alx ut three daves after ue came a shoare,
thillier c.ime another Settea of .Marseils bound for Constantinople. Then did Afasfer Barton,.,. - , ,.
and Ins < oinpany, witli two more ol oiir lompany, shippe tliemseliies as passengers in the mm iim-rrd lo
same Settea, and went to Constantinople. But the other nine of vs that remained in Zante. *'''r".T"l?"''''

1 11' I • I • i * I' I ■ 1 « * ^ uarton.

about tliree moneths alter, shipt our seines in a ship ol the said Marcus Segooriis, which

tame to Zante, and was bound for Iviigland. In which three moneths, the souldiers of Tri-~ ... ,

,..,,,.,. » 1 1 1 , • !■ 1 , Tht souldicn of

polie killeil the s.iul king And then the kings sonne, according to the ciistome there, went TiipoUs kii tht
lo C'oiHlantinople, to surrender vp all his fathers treasure, good-i, captiues, and concubines, """*■
vnto the great fnike, and looke with liim our saide I'urser Richard Hurges, and lames Smith, and
■ilso the other two Englishmen, which he the said kings soimehnd inl'orced to become Turkes,
VOL. II. S .s a«

\ f^

>!'

:il4

V{)YA(;i;s, NAUKJATIONS,

Thi Q. hiiert

n:i:i?

I f .

J'ou OlII'lM ■ I
Vtiik't luokf
ihr kini; of I'ri-
pull* hii galley,
antl kiilril t^r
kingi i.mi'.c, jiid
Jl ihr '1 uiticf

in II, ,l')(ilctr41«

cJ >ll thrl'liiii.
tuiil I'rliitr in

iiiimtcr 1(0.

n<) \h aforrsavd. And thrv the said 1''ii;;liohMii'n lindin^ now xomr o])|)()rlitnitir, niin ludcd
with tlie ('liri'«tiaii c :l|)tilu■^4 whii h wtT<' H"i"J{ *^'''' •h<'m vnlo ('nii>ilaniiiiii|ilc, In in;; in niiiii-
brr ahoui one hundred and lillir, In kill tin- kinj;^ sonnc, and all the iiirkos wiudi were
aboordc nf the (f.dlr\ , and priiiilv llic ^aidc I'-nelisluni-n cnnucyed vnlo tlu> i4aidi' C'liritilan
rapliiie'*, wcaponi lor tli.ii iiurpnstv And when they faino inlo iho maim- Sea, towardi- Cun.
«tanlin('|ilr (\|)<)n tlic raitlilull promise (il'ilic vay<lc("lirislian i apliniM) llif-.c lonrr KnuliKlniirii
Icpl >iidili'nly inid the d '--ia, lliat is, inio llir iniddiNi nl' ilic (iailcy, wlirrc tin- rantin licili,
ami \viili ihcir Nwnrdc- ilrawnc, did li^lil against all llic roif>.,ii(i Tiirkcs, aiid lor wanr ol
lirlpc cfllir >aidf t'lvi-il:in (•a])liu<'>', wlio laUly brake llioir promises, the said Master llluii-
ke(s hov was killcil, ainl ihe Hayd<' lames Smith and our I'lirsser Hii Iiard Hiirnes, aiid ilip
oihei- F.iiulislnnan. were taken and bound into iliaine-, tube h.mjjfd at their arriujil in Con.
stanfiiiople: ;iiid as the l.orde- »il! was, about two das e- alter, passim; lliroiii^h the unll'i- r |
Venice, at an Is! mil (ailed (rphalonia, they nut with two oC the duke nl \Ciiirc his (i,il|,r.,
whidi tooke that (ialley, and killi'd the kin;;s sonne, an<l his ninilui, and all the Tnrkes ih.ii
were there, in number !.')(•. and they s;uied the C'hri-lian capliues, and would hatu' killnl
the two Kiifilislinien because lliey were (in umcised. .uid become i'lirke-, li;id luil the othi'r
Christian eaptiues excused ihem, s.ivii n, ih.it tiiey were inl'ori cd to be I'urkcs, b\ the kiii:;s
Moniie, and shewe.l the N'enetians ;ilso, how they did enterprise at se.i to (i;;ht aniinsl all the
'I'urks, and that llieir two lellowes were slaine in that lit;ht Then the W'lieliaiiss.iued tlicii>,
and the\, with all the residue of the said capliues, had their lihertie, whi( h were in liuinhir
!.")(), or thereabouts, and the saide (iiliie, atui all the Turko treasure wa« ronli-c.ited to ili,.
vso of the slate ol \'eni(e. .\nd from ihenee our two luiiili-luneii iraueilcd Immeivard 1.^
land, and in Ihi" nieane time we had one nmre of our (ompaiu, which died in /aiile, iml
aflerwaid the other ei^ht shipped themselues at Z.uite, in a shijjpe of the Kaid M.irdis Sci;.,.
nis, which was bound for Faij^land ; and before we departed iheine, there arriocd the As'Cii.
slot), and the (ieor^e nonaiienlnre of I.ondoii in Cepiialoni.i, in a harbour there, lallnl
Arro^^osloria, whose Marchaiil-< .ii.'re('d with the Mar( hauls of our shippe, .and so laded al llir
man haiulise (if our shippe into the said ships of I.oiulon, who tooke \s ei|;ht in as pas.ci-
jjers, and so we came home, and within two nionelhs after our arriuall at London, our v,,.,!
Purser Richard Hur^es, ami his tellow came home aUo : lor the which we are bound to praise
Almi^hlie God, durini; on- 'iues, and as dueiie bindeth vs, to prav for the preseruation uj
our most ;;raci(ius (lueene, for the u'reat tare lyr .M.iiestic had ouer \s, her poore SubiecN.
in seeking and procuring of our deliuenni e aloresaide: and also for her honourable priiiic
Cf'ninsell, and I especiail for the pros|)(rilie and i{ood estate of the house of the late (lece.iscil,
the ri;;ht honourable the Farle of Hedford, whose honour I must conlcsse, most diligcntiv at
the suite o!' my father now departed, traueiled herein ; for llie which I rest continualU
bounden to him, who«e soule I diaibt not, but is already in the heaiiens in iov, with ilir
Almijjhiie, vnt" which place he vouchsafe to l)rinjj \s all, that for our sinues sulUred inosi
\ile u\h\ shameful death vpoii the CVosse, there to line |K'r|)etuailv world without emic,
Amen.

The (iiieenes letters to the 'I'lirke IJSI. for the restitution of the shippe (.liled the
lesus, and the Iai};lish (ajitiues detained in Trijxilie in Uarbarie, and forccrtainc
other prisoners in Arjjicr.

EMZARKTHA, Dei ter maxinii & vnici c(rli ternetpie eondiioris jjratia, .An^iia-, T'r'.iui.T,
& Hiberni.e Henina. lidei C'lirisliaiiie conira omncs omnium inter Cluisii.nios degeninin
('hri-ti(pie nonien f.d>('i prolilenliuni idololatrias, inuit ti-sima i^c |)olenlissima deleusatri> :
auf^nstissimo, inuiciissim(')(|ue prim ipi, Ziiltan Miirad Can, Musulmaniri rejjni dominalori
potentissimo, im])erij(|ue Orientis Monarchie, supra oinnes soli iV supremo salutein, & mul-
los cum siwnina ruum ()|)timarinn adiuentia fu-lices & lortiuiatos annos.

Aujjustisftinie " potentissime liti[)erator, biennio i iin perai to, ad C.esaream vestraiii Maies-
tatem scri|)sini dilcctus nosier famulus (juiiielmus llar.'bornus, \ir ornaiissimus pro Ic-

);ato no.stru C'c ' -noli, alijs(pie Mu»ulaiaiiici inipcrij ditiui\ibiu<, .subliini vcstru auiliu-

rilale

4PC<-

The Q. Iclieri.

THAIFIQUES, AND DLSCOUr.IlII.S.

rifalo riTipcrriiir: nimiil otinin Anuli Niiluliti inwiri iMminrrciun) & iiicrciriinun, in oiniiil)ii<*
illli iiriiiiiiKijs cicrccaiil, iini) iniiii'is lilx-ri' (|iiAiii (ialli, I'lilnni, N'cncti, (icriiiaiii, i H'icri<|iio
M".tri tdnrcrtli'iali, <|iii \ arias Oiicinit pirtcs pcrauraiit, <(|i('raiii miiiaiiKN, \t iniiliiis ( oni-
iiirriijt fiiiiiimi - " ■ /4... ;.i

Iiir Oiinix fiiiH ()(■( i<U'n((

I II in ' I" *''IH1III^'»»»" »^ll« lin < iiiii »rt 1 iKi till .

(JiMi' priiiilcnia, t iiiii nnslris oiilxliti'* Aiiulis iiiiiii li-»iina vcsira M.iji»tat Ijtcri-i iV ili|ili>niatc
^iii> lihoraliNsinit; iiidulscril, lacorp m " pntuiimi-', (piin cpias nia\iin:is aniniiH rmslcr rapcTo
iidicxl ^raliat, cd nomine a;;rrrmii'« •iiicranli'i li'ir, \l liiri insiitula (omiiicri icrdm ratio
maviinaii vtililat*''*, t*^' roinniixla \(rin(|Uc, lam in imprrij \cstri ililicmrs, ipiani rrj<iii ntwlri
pi'ouiiU'iiH Kcctini adli'ral.

Id vt plant' tial, ciun luipcr subditi nosiri nonniilli Tripnli in liarbnria iV Ar};<'lln' al) ciim
loii incolii V(diilatcm vc-itram I'cirio ncxcifnlibm niali" halijii riicrini, & iiimanili-r diiicxati,
('ii'*ari'an\ vcsirain Maic'«latcm l)cncini|<"> roi>aniUM, vl pt-r I,c>raliiin niwlrinn (•(jrnm ( an<<ain
( D^rnoxi as, \' piHtrcnii^ caruin priminriannii pnircnilnis ac prtd'ctliH ininori's, \t nostii libiTo
ill illjs liuis. sim'\i ant ininria il(iiiii'|)s voixari, & n<'i;otia m'forf possinl,

]'.( iiiw otniii iipiri vij'issiin stiidfljiiniis v:\ (unnia pr.i'starc, (pi.f linpcratoriif vcstros Males-
t.iti \llii pariii vrala lore inlclli|;i-iiiiis: (|uain Dens viiiciis niuiidi idnditnr optiinus ina\iinii>i
dintissinii' ini'olinn<Mii \ llorcntcni •icriii'l Dal.uin palaiio nostrn I.ondiiii, (piinio die Men-
dis SfpiiMnl)riH : anno Ipiv Ciiiiisri Scniatiiris luwtri, \Mi. Hc;;ni vero nostri viccMimu
sexto.

The same in Knglisli.

IvLi/abelli, l)y the grace of the most hij^b (Jnd, and mielv maker of beaiicn and earth, of
KiiKlaiul, I'rani e and Ireland Hueciie, and (if the Christian I'aith, a^niiist all the Idol.itiTs aitJ
r.iisc pi'Dl'i'ssors ol' the Name III Ciiiiisi ilweiiini; ainoii); the Christians, most inuiiuible and
piiiss lilt (it render' t<i the most \aliant and inniiuible Prime, /iiltaii Milrail Can, ih- most
inijjhlie rnler oT the kinyiloine of Miistilman, and of the Mast Kinpire the oni'ly and hi);hest
Moiian h abdiie all, health, and inan\ ha|)py and fortunate yeres with great aboundatice of
ijie l>est thin>;s.

Mo-t noble and puissant I'.niper.inr, alioiit t\%o \eeres nowe passed, wee wrote vnto your
Impcriall Maie-lie, that oiir wcllieloiied seriiant, NViHi.nn Ilareborne, a man ()rj;reat reputa-
limi and honour, mi|;ht be n'< ciiied \nder voiir hijj;h authoritie, for our Vnibassailoiir in Con-
stantinople, and oilier pl.iies, \nder the obedience of your Kmpire of Mu^iilman: And also
that the Knijiishmeii, bein;; our Siibiecls, mi;iht exercise entercour^e and marihandi/e in all
those I'rouinc es, no lesse freely then the French, I'olonians, X'enetian", (iermanes, and other
your confederals, whii h traiicile thninijh diners of the l^.i^t parts: \i\denotirinj; that iiv nui-
tiiall tralicjuc, the Kasi ina\ lie io\ ned arul knit to the West

Which priuileges, when .H your mo-i puissant Maiesiie. I>v \ our letters and yiuler vour
dispensation most liberallv anil fauourably ^jranted to our Siibiects of I'in^land, wee eouiil no
lesse doe, but in that re-'i)ect nine you as j^reat thankee, i^ mir heart could ( onceiiie, trusi-
ini; that it wil come to passc, that this order of tr.itic|iie. - i well ordeined, will briii^' with it
selfe most ^reai prohts and cciininodities to boiii side ^. as well to the parlies subiert to
your Umpire, as to the I'rouinces of our kiii;;dome. Which ihinj; that it may be done in
plaine and ellectuall maiier, whereas some of our Siiliiects of late at Tripolis in Darbarie, and
..t Ari^ier, were by the inhabitants of those places - lieiii;; perhaps ij^noranl of your i)leasuri')
(iiili intrealcd and );rieuoush \execl, wee doe frieiulK and louinnlv desire your Imperial Ma-

ic'siie, that \(ii will Midersiaiid their causes l>
in.iundenic'iil to the I. ieuleiianls and Preside-

Anibassadour, and afterward i;iue com-
thosc- I'rouinces, that our people may heiice-

lorth freely, without any yjolenre, or iniiirie, iraueile. and do their businessc in those places
And we auaine with all endeuoiir, shall stiulie to perlorme all those ihinns, which we shall
in any wise Mulerstand to be accej)tuhl< to your Imperiall Maiesiie, which (iocl, the onely
iii;ikcr of the world, most best and mist >,real. Ion-; keepe in health, and tlourishinj;. (iiuen
in our pallaicc at London, the lift day of the moneth of September, in the ycere of Itsvs
Ciimsr our Saiiiour, I.■>^i. And of our rai"ne, the 'ii\.

i\rt

11 J«

l«

S0. .«

til. .^Ly '<■,': I

•A f 1 Hi ''I

iiii

'i.

lli^

.Ml * 1^)

^■-^^1*1^ ^'f

S16

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Turks mandate.

The Turkes letter to the King of Tripolis in Barbaric, commanding the restitution
of an English ship, called the lestis, with the men, and goods, sent from Con-
stantinople, by Mahomet Beg, a lusticc uf the Great Turkes, and an English
Gentleman, called Master Edward Barton. Anno I5&1.

Honourable, and worthy Bassa Romadan Beglerbcg, most wise and prudent fudge of the
West Tripolis, wee wish the ende of all thy enterprises happic, and prosperous. By these
our highncssc letters, wee certifie thee, that the right honourable, William Harcborne, Am-
bassadour in our most famous Porch, for the most excellent Qucenes Maiestie of England, in
person, and by letters hath certified our highnesse, that a certaine shippc, with all her liirni-
ture, and artillcric, worth two thousand duckets, arriuing in the port of Tripolis, and cIn-
chargcd of her lading and marchandize, paide our custome according to order, and againe,
the marchaiits laded their shippe with oylc, which by constnint they were iiiforced to buy
of you, <!v: liauing answered in like maner the custome for the same, deferniined t()dc|)arl: a
Frenchman assistant to the Marchant, vnknowen to the T-nglishmen, caricd away with lii:ii
another Frenchman indebted to a certaine Nfoore in foure hundred duckets, and by fonx-
caused the Englishmen, and shippe to depart: who neither suspecting fraude, nor deccite,
hoiscd sailes. In the meane time, this man, whose dcbter the Frenchman had stollcn a\\:\\,
vent to the Bassa with the supplication, by whose mcancs, and Inrce of the Castle, the Ln-
glishmen were constrained to returne into the port, where thcFrenchiiiiin, author of the enill.
with the Master of the ship an Englishman, innocent of the crime were hanged, and sixe and
twentie Englishmen cast into prison, of whom through famine, thirst, and stinke of ihc pri-
son, eleuen died, and the rest like to die. Further, it was signilied to our .Maiestie also, thai
the marchandise and other goods, with the shippe, were worth 7()(X). duckits: which thini;-,
if they be so, this is our commandcmcnt, which was granted and giiieii by our Maiestie, ihat
the English shippe, and all the marchandi/.e, anil whafsoeuer else taken awav bee wholv re-
stored, and that the Englishmen be let goe free, and sutVered to returne into their counlrrv.
Wherefore when this our comiiiauntlement shall come vnto thee, wee siraightiv connnniniil,
that the foresaid businesse be diligently looked vnto, and discharged. An<l if it be so, tlwt
a Frenchman, and no Englishman hath done this craft, and wickcdnesse vnknowen to the
Englishmen, and as authour of the wickcdnesse is punished, and that the Englishmen ( diii-
mitted nothing against the peace and league, or their articles: also if thev payd custome
according to order, it is against law, custome of Countreys, and their priuilege, to hiiuicr
or hurt them. Neither is it meete, their shippe, marchandise, and all their goods taken,
should be withholden. Wee will therefore, that the Engli^h shippe, marchandize, and all
other their goods, without exception, be restored to the Englishmen: also that the men hcc
let goe free, and if they will, let none hinder them, to returne peaceably into their Coun-
trey: do not commit, that they another time complaine of this matter, and how this busi-
nesse is dispatched, certifie vs at our most famous porche.

Dated in the Citie of Consiantinople, in the 9!)^. yeere of Mahomet, and in the ende of
the moneth of October; and in the yeere of Iksvs 1584.

A letter of Master William Harcborne, the English Ambassadour, I.igier in Con-
stantinople, to the Bassa Romadan, the BegJerbeg of Tripolis in Barbaric, for
the restoring of an English sliippc called the lesus, with the goods, and men, de-
tained as slaucs, Anno 1585,

MOlto magnifico Signor,
Noi ha stato significato per diuerse lettere di quantn ha passalo circa diiiina naiie nostra
chiamata lesus, sopra il quale in agiufo di Riccianlo Skegs, vno de gli nostri mercanii di essa
gia morto veniua vn certo Francese per sopra cargo, chiamato Romano Sonings, il i]ii;i!c
per non csser ben j)orfato secondo che doiieua, volendo importar seco vn altro Francese ilc-
bitore a ccrti vostri sensa pagarcene, per giusticia era appiccato col j)atron Inglese Andre
Dier, che come simplice crcdcndo al defto Francese, senza aucderccnc de la sua ria maliiia,

non

■ >h.k-

rurks mandate.

M. Harh. letter.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

317

\ in the ende of

non rrtornaua, qiiando da vostra magnifica Signoria gli era mandate. La morte del detto
tristo Frnnresc approiiiamo como cosa benFatta. Ma al contrario, done lei ha confiitcato la
delta naue e inrrcanfia en essa, & fatto sciaui li marinari, como cosa molto contraria a li pri-

llilc&;ij (lal Grnn Signer qiinttro aniii pnn.iati cvllll.c^ni, 6c <^a iiui 1.1111(11 iiiuli Ui jjaitc Uc la Oc-

reniWima Magesfa d'liigiltcrra nostra pafroiia, e molto contraria a la liga del detto Gran

Signor, il quale esscndo dal sopra detto apieno informato, poi ha conccdiito il suo regale

mandamento di restitutione, la qiial mandiamo a vostra magnmca Signoria col preaente por-

lator Edoardo Barton, nostro Secrttario, & Mahumed Beg, droguemano di sua porta excelsa, EdoardoBinw

con altre Ictterc del cxccllentissimo Vizir, & inuictissimo capitan di mar: chiedendo, tanto *^^ '"'"'"'

di parte del Gran Signor, quanto di sua Sercnissima Magesta di V. S. M. che gli huomini,

onlij, naue col fornimento, daiiari, & tutti altri beni qualconque, da lei & per vestro ordine

da g!i nostri tolti siano rt'si a questo mio Secrctario liberamente scnza cmpacho alcuno, como

il Gran Signor da sua gratia noi ha conceduto, spccialmentc per esser detti oglij comprati

per ordine di sua Screnissima Magesta, per prouisione delta Corte sua. II qual non facendo,

protesiiamo pcrqucsta nostra al incontra di esso tutti futuri danni chc puono succedcre per

qucsta cagioiie, como aulhore di quclli, contrario il la Santa liga giurata de li duoi Rei, pa-

troiii nostri, como per li i>riuilegij, che lei mostrera il nostro, consta : per obseruatione de

gli <)uali noi stiamo di fermo en qucsta excelsa Porta. Et cosi responderete nel altro mondo

al solo Iddio, & qua al Gran Signor questo massimo peccato commesso da lei al incontra di

tanti poueracchi, rhc per quesia crudclta sono in parte morti, in parte rctenuti da esso en

duro catliuerio. Al contrario, piacendo lei cuifar questo incommodo & restarcene en gratia

del Signor Iddio, & li nostri palrnni, amichcuolmcnte, (como conuicn A par vostro di mos-

trarsi prudente gouernalore, & (idcl seruitor al patrono) ad impirctc questa nostra giustissima

domanda, per poter resultarui I'l grand honore c& commodo per la tratta di niarchantia, che

faronno a ladiicnirc li nostri in quolla vostra prouinria. Li quali generalmente, tanto quelli,

como tiitii altri chc nel mar riscontraretc, siano, secondo che manda il Grand Signor, de

vostra Signoria magnidca amichcuolmente rccoiti & receuuti : Et noi non mancharemo al

ilcbiio di ottimo amito en cjualconche occurrenza vostra, piacendo lei amicitia nostra, como

(IcsidiTamo. II Signir Iddio lei conceda (adimpiendo qne>ta nostra giusta rechiesta, per cauar

noidi piu futura i'atica in questo ncgocio, & lei di disgratia) ogni vera felicity, & supremo

lionore. Data in palazzo nostro che fu da Rapamat apprcsso Pera di 15. di Genero 1585.

II Ambassiatore de la Majesta Sercnissima d'Ingilterra, amico
de vostra Signoria magnifica, piacendo lei.

The same in English.

Right honourable Lord, it hath bene signified vnto vs by diners letters, what hath fallen
out, concerning a certaine shippe of ours, called the lesus, into which, for the hclpc of Ri-
chard Slsegs, one of our Marchants in the same, nowe deceased, there was admittcil ,1 cer-
taine Frenchman called Romaine Sonnings, which for his ill behaniour, according to his de-
serts, seeking to cary away with him another Frenchman, which was indebted to certaine of
yonr people, without paying his cieditonrs, was hanged by sentence of iustice, together with
Andrew Dier, the Master of the said ship, who simply and without fraiidc, giuing crcdite to
the .said Frenchman, without any knowledge of his euil fart, did not returne when hee was
romniaundcd, by ynur honourable Lordship. The death of the saide lewde Frenchman we
a])proue as a thing well done, but contrarywise, whereas your Lordship hath confiscated the
said ship with the goods therein, and hath made slaues of the Mariners, as a thing altogether
contrary to the priuileges of the Grand Signior, granted fourc yceres since, and confirmed
by vs on the bclialle of the most excellent the Queenes Maicstie of England our Mystresse,
and altogether contrary to the league of the saide Grand Signior, who being fully informed
of the aforesaid cause, hath granted vnto vs his royall commandcment of restitution, which
we send vnto your honourable Lordship, by the present bearer Edward Barton our Sccrctarie,
and Mahomet Beg, one of the lutitices of his stately Court, with other letters of the most

excellent

*!l i^i

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

J\I. lien. AuHtdl

\.\\ iJr

I'M

H.n'.Mi

Hjlbtrf.jr.

rxVcIlcnt AHmirall, and most vnliant Captaine of the Sea, requiring your honourable Lord-
ship, as \sc\\ on the behalfe of the Grand Sinnior, as of the Queenes most excellent Maics-
lie my Nfystrcsse, that the men, ovirs, shipi)o, furniture, monev, and all other sjoods what-
>oeuer, t)V vour I^ordshlp, and your order taken IVoiii our men, be • rentorcd vnto this my
Sccretarv freely, without delay, as the Grand Signior of his goodnesse hath graunted vnto vs,
especially in regard that the same oyles were bought by the commaundcmcnt of our Queenes
most exrellcnt Maiesiie, for the prouision of her Court. Which if you performe not, wee
protest by these our leters against you, that you are the cause of all the inconueniences which
may ensiie vpon this occasion, as the authour thereof, contrary to the holy league sworne by
both our Princes, as by the priuilcges, which this our seruant will sliewe you, inav appeare.
For the sceinir "f which league performed, wee remaine here as Ligier in this stately Court.
And by this mcanes yi u shall answere in another world vnio God alone, and in this world
\ nlo the Grar.d Signior, for this hainous sinne committed by you against so many poorc
soules, which by this your cruelty are in part dead, and in part detained by you in most mi-
senibic raptiuilie. Contrarywise, if it shall please you to auoyd this mischiefe, and to ro-
niaiiic in the fauour of Almighty God, and of our Princes, you shall friendly lulfill this nur
iust (lemaund ( as it behooueth you to shew your selfe a pnident Gouernour, and faithfull ser-
uant \nli) vour Lord) and the same may turne to your great honour, and profife, by the trndc
of mart Ivindize, which our men in time to come, may vsc in that gouernment of vours .
which generally, as well those ])oore men, as all others, which you shall meete at the sen,
ought to be according to the commandement of the tJraiH Signior, friendly entertained .iiul
receiucd of your honourable lordship, and we will not faile in the dueties of a spn iall
friend, whcnsoeucr you shall haue occasion to vse vs, as we desire. Almighty God gr.iiit
vnto vour Lordship (in tiie fulfdliiig of this our iust request, whereby wee may be deliucred
from further trouble in this matter, and your selfe from further displeasure) all true Icliciiip,
.iiid increase of honour.

Giuen in our Pallace from Rapamat in Pera, the 1.5. of lanuarie I.-jS,").

The voyai;e of Master Henry Austell by Venice and thence to Hagusa ouer land,
and so to Constantinople : and from thence by Moldauia, Polonia, Silesia and
(iermanic to Hamburg, <.^'c.

Tile 9. of lune we tooke shipping at Harewich and the next d.iy landed at the Ranickim
in the Isle of Walchereii with very stormy weather, and that night went to Middleburcli in the
same Island.

The Iwelft we tooke shipping for Holland, and the 1.'?. we landed at Schiedam: and the
same day went to Delft l>v boat, and so that night to the Ilage.

The 17. we tooke shippin;^ at Amsterdam, and the 18. we 1 mded at Enckhuysen.

The 19. we tooke shij)ping and by the Ziiydersee we passed that day the Vlie, and so into
the maine sea ; .\nd the next day we entrcd into the riticr of Hamburg called the Elbe.

Thr yi. we came to anker in the same riuer befnre a lownc of the bishop of Breine cillcd
'itade.n, where they pav a certaine toll, and specially for wine, and so that night wee l.iiidcd
It Hainbtirij, where wc stavdc three daves.

The 'il. wee ilepartcd iVom Hamburg in the company of Edward Parish Marrhant, and
.'lal (lav wee baited at Wyntson, and so ouer the heathcs we left Lunenburg on the left hand,
and trauailc'l all that night.

The '^5. wt met with Master Suidcrs vpon the heathcs. and passeil by a towiie of thcdukp
of Lunenborg called Clelllierne, and from thcn< e through many vvaters, wee lay that nii;ht
within an I!iiglish mile of Brunswig.

The ^7. we lay at Ilalber-tat, which is a great townc subiecl to the bishop of ilint
towne.

The 28. we baited at Erinsleiben . and (here wee entrcd into the duke of Saxon his roiin-
trey: and the same night wc lay at a town called Eislcben, where Martine Luther was
borne.

The

*'/ \

lien. AmicU

)iirable Lord-
•ellent Maics-
r goods what-

vnto this my
unfed vnto vs,
fourQiiecncs
>rme not, wee
■nienr es which
;iie sworne by

may appearc.

stately Court.
i in this world
io many pnorc
311 in most mi.
i*fe, and to rc-

riiinil this ntir
1(1 railhriili srr-
r, by the trnde
lent of vours .
•ete at the son,
■ntertained and
?s of a spec iail
jhiy God gr.ini
y 1)0 deiiiierrd
II true Iciiiiijp,

inuaric l,")8,V

nucr land,
iilesia and

t the Rainrkim
llcburch in the

edam : and tlie

iiysen.

lie, and so into
the Elbe,
if Breitie <:dlcd
jjht wee l.iiidcd

\farrhapt, and
1 the left hand.

viie of the diiko
:• lav that nii;li!

bishop of that

laxon his roun-
iie Luther was

The

Hen. Austell.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

Tii^ 29. we passed by Mansfield, where there are many Copper mines: and so that night
went to Neuburg vpon the riuer of Sala; and at that time there was a great faire.

The 30. we baited at a proper tuwne called lena vpon the same riuer, and the same night
wee lay at Cone vpon that riuer.

The first of July we baited at Salfeld: and the same day we entred first into the great
woods of firrc trees, and that night to Greuandal.

The second to dinner to Neustat.

The 3. day to dinner at Bamberg: and before wee came to the towne wee passed the ruier
of Mayne that runneth towards Arnfurt, and that night to Forchaim.

The •t. we came to Nurcnberg, and there stayed two dayes.

The G. to bed to Blayfield.

The 7. we p'ssed without Weissenburg to dinner at Monhaim^ and that night we passed
the riuer of Danubius at Tonewertd, and so to bed to Nurendof.

The 8. we came to Augspurg, otherwise called Augusta, vpon the riuer of Lech.

The 9. we lav at Landsberg vpon the said riuer, in the duke of Bauars countrey.

The 10. to dinner at Suanego, and that night to Ilaniber against the mountaines, where
the small toycs be made.

The II. to dinner to Parcberk, 8c that night to Scfelt in the Archduke of Austria his
countrey.

The 12. to dinner at Inspruck, & that night to bed at Landeck, where there is a toll, and
it is the place where Charles the lift and his brother Fcrc'-'iand did meet. And there is a
table of brasse with Latine letters in memorie thereof.

The 13. we passed by Siizen, and dined at Prisena, and so that night to Clusen.

The 14. to dinner at Bolsan and to bed at Neumark, and by the way we passed the danger-
ous place, where so many miirthcrs haue bene committed.

The l;>. to dinner at Trent: That day we entred the borders of Italy, that night to
l.enigo.

The ir>. to dinner at Grigno, where the last toll of the Emperour is: and so we came by
Chursa, which is a sireight passage. And the keeper thereof is drawne vp by a cord into his
hoide. And that night we went to Capana to bed in the countrey of the Venetians.

The 17, to dinner at castle Franco: by the way wc stayed at Taruiso, and there tooke
corhe, and that night came to Mestre to bed.

The 18. in the morning we came to Venice, and there we stayed 15. dayes. In which
time the duke of Venice called Nicholas de Ponte died, and we saw his burial. The Sena-
tors were continually shut vp together, a.s the maner is, to chuse a newe duke, which wa.s
not yet chosen when wc departed from thence.

Tiie 2. of August at night wee did emb.irkc our selues vpon the Frigate of Cattaro, an
haiicn necre Kagusa.

The .3. wc came to a towne in I«tria called Citta noua.

The 4. we came to Parenzo, and so that night to Forcera of the bishop.

The b. we p.isse(l b' Rouijfno: and a litle beyond we met with 3. Cialies of the Vene-
tians: we passed in the sight of Pola; and the same day passed the gulfe that parteth Isiria Iron)
Dalinatia.

The 6. of August we came to Zara in Dalmatia, a strong towne of the Venetians : and so
t!ial niiiht to Srhenko, which standeth in a marueilous goodly hauen, with a strong castle at
till' entrie thereof.

[he 7. we came to I.e/ina, and went not on shoorc, but Iraueiled all night.

The 8. we passed by a very wel seated towne called Carzola, which standeth in an island
(if that name.

The 'J. in the morning betimes we landed at Ragusa, and there stauii three dales, where
we found many friendlv gentlemen.

The 1 1, being prouided of a lanizarie we departed from Ragusa in the comjjany of halfe a
dosen Marchants of that towne; and within 6. miles we entred into the countrey of Seruia.

319

Copper Minei.
leni*

Grriit wood nt
firrc tr-tb.

fiambet;.
Niirenbeij.

•V

The borders of
Italy.

Rigui.-)-

A . '

■'^^

' /

I: M

i :

i ■ Hi

•I' hf-J'

i. MM

ChiHnisi.
Ill, •Fochij.

Nou'iliJiar.
Or, Nifsj.

Pn>li|i'o|K>li.

Alliluil01'0li4,

iSihiieri.
Cunstlntinoi'U.

Po:nif)s piller.

Proui<.

V»M.

Or, Moldiuii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Hen. AmkU.

.So trauailin;» in barren and cragp;ie mountaines for the space of foure dayes, wee came by a
small Towne of the Turkes called Chiernisa, being the 14. of the moneth; and there wcc
parted from the Marchants.

The 16. we dined in a Cauarsara in aTowne called Focea, being then greatly infected with
the plague.

The 17. we lay by a Towne called Taslizea.

Tiie 20. we came to Nouibazar.

The 21. we parted fro thence, trauailing stil in a countrey very ill inhabited, & lying in i
fields.

The 22. we passed within sight of Nicea.

The 2.'i. we p.nssed in sight of another towne called Circiii: and about those places wee
began to Icaiic the mountaines, and to enter into a very faire and fertile countrey, but a..
cuill inhabited as the other, or worse.

The 27. we came to Sophia, where wee stayed three dayes, being our lanizaries home:
and by good chance we lay in a Marchants house of Kagusa, that came in company with v..,
from Nouibazar; and also wee had in company, euer since wee came from Focea, a Turke
which was a very good fellow, and he kept company with vs till we came very neere Con-
stantinople.

The lirst of September we came to Philippopoli. which secmeth to be an ancient towne,
and standeth vpon the riuer of Stanuch.

The 4. we came to Andrinopoli, a very great and ancient lowne, which standeth in a nciv
large and ch,-impion countrey, and there the great Turks mother doth lye, being a place,
where tlic Empcrours of the Turkes were wont to lye very much.

The 5. we lay in one of the great Cauarzaras, that were built by Mahomet Bassha with >.>
many goodly commodities.

The 6. we lay in another of them.

The 8. we came to Siiiucri, which by report was the last towne that remained Christian.

The 9. of September wee arriued at the great and most stalely Citie of Constantindplc,
which for the situation and proudc seate thereof, for the beaulifull and commodious haiieiis,
and for the great and sumptuous buildings of their Temples, which they call Moschea, is tu
be preferred before all the Cities of Europe. And there the Emperour of the Turkes thru
lining, whose name was Amurat, kept his Court and residence, in a marueilous goodly pl.ncc,
with diners gardens and houses of pleasure, which is at the least two English miles in com-
passe, and the three parts thereof ioyne vpon the sea: and on the Northe.ist part of the
Citie on the other side of the water oner against the Citie is the Towne of Pcra, where the
most part of the Christians do lye. And there also wee did lye. And on the North nan
of the saide Towne is the Arsenal, where the Galies are built and doe remaine: And on ilie
Southside is all the Ordinance, artilcrie, and houses of munition. Note that by the wav :h
wee came from Kajjusa to Constantinople, wee left on our right hand the Countrcys of Al-
bania, and Macedoni.1, and on the left hande the c(<untreys of Bosnia, Bulgaria, and the riucr
of Danubiiis.

The 14. of .September was the Turkes Bcyram, that is, one of their rhiefest fe.istcs.

The I.J. we went to the blackc Sea called Poiitus Kuxiniis, and there \|)on a rorke we
sawe a piller of white Marble that was set vp by Pomiieius: and from thence we passed lo
the other side of the water, vpon the shore of Asia and there we dined.

The 2.5. we departed from Constantinojile.

The 29. we came to an ancient Towne called Cherchisea, that is to say, fourtie Chiirche-,
which in the olde time was a very great City, now full of scattered buildings.

The 4. of October wee came to Frouaz, one dayes iourney distant from Varna v[)on the
Biacke .Sea.

The 9. we came to Saxi vpon the riuer of Danubius.

The lU. we passed the said riuer which in that place is about a mile ouer, and then wc
entered into the countrev of * Bogdania: they arc Christians but subiects to the Turke.

The

Hen. Amtell,

Hen. Austell.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERTES.

S31

\ ancient towne,

t Bassha with mi

The 12. we came to Palsin vpon the riiier Prtil.

Thj 14. wee came to Yas the principall Towiie of Bo<>dania, where Peter the Vayuoda
prince of that Coimtrcy kecpeth his residence, of whom wee rcrciiied great courtcsie, and
of the gentlemen of his Court : .And he caused vs to be safe conducted throu^^h his .said Couii-
trev, and conuejed without coste.

the 17. we came to Stcpanitze.

The l{>. we came to Zotschen, which is the last towne of Bogdania vpon the riuer of Neis-
tcr, that partcth the said countrcy from Podolia.

The 'iO. we pnsscd 'lie riuer of Nyestcr and came to Cainycnci/ in the counlrey of Podolia,
subicrt til the king of Poland: this is one of the strongest Towncs by nature and situation
that can be scene.

The 'il. we came to Skala.

The 2'i. to Slot hone, or Sloczow.

The 2+. to Lcopoiis which is in Russia alba, and so is the most part of the countrey be-
twixt Camvenct/ and it. And it is a towne very well built, well gouerned, full of tratique
ami plentiful!: and there we stayed (iue d:\yes.

The .'{(). we bailed at (irixlecz, and that night at Vilna.

The .'{l. we dined at Mostiska. and that night at Rodmena.

The (irst of Noucmber in the morning before day wee passed without the Towne of laros-
law, where they sa\ is one of the greatest faires in all Poland and chiefly of horses, and that
jiight to Hdsdnoska.

The second to diner at r.anczut, at night to Relsbou.

The fhinle to Scnd\i/.()w, at night to Tarnow, and that tiigiit wee melte with the Palatine
Laski.

The fourth to Vonucz, and ih it night tn IJrytska.

The (ifl to Ktihena.

The rt. to Cracoui,! the princip:ill Ciiic of all Piil.md: at whith lime the King was gone to
Liuiania: for he doetli m;ike hi^ reside nee o:,e \ cere in Poland, and the other in Litnania.
C"rar( uia slancleth on llic riuer of Vistula.

The 1). wee ilep.irled from {'r.icouia, and that night wee came to a village hard bv a Towne
calicil llkusi h, where the leaclc .Mines arc.

The 10. wee passed by a Towne called Slawkow: where there are aUo leade Mines, and
b.iiicd that day at Bend/in, which is the last towne of Poland towards Silesia; and there is
••1 toil.

Nolo that all the C"<iunlre\s of Poland, Russia alb.i, Podolia, Bogdania, and diuers
oilier (^oiMiirevs adicn niiig vnto thcin, doe coiiMime no other salt but such as is digged
in Sorstvn mountaine neere to ("racouia uhiili is as h:ird as anv .stone; it is very «, lod, and
■jocih further then any other salt. That night wc lav at l5iioni, which is the first Towne of
Silcsjn.

The 12. we pasned by a great towne railed Strclitz, and that night wc lay at Oppeien vpon Opri'"'
llic riuer of Odera.

The 13. we passed by Si hur:;assr, :iiid that night \sce lav without the towne of Brigk: for
wie eoulde not bee sullered lo come in bv reason of ihe plague which was in those partes in
diner" Townes.

The I ^. we passed by Olaw, and tli.it nignt we came to ihe Citie of Breslaw, which is a Dresiaw.
I'jire towne, great, well built and well se;ited \p m the riuer of Oilera.

The l(i. we bnited at Neumarut.

'file 17. wee passed by Lignizt and bv llavn, and that niuht to Bunl/el.

The 18. wee |)a-se<l by Nanmburg throi:gh Gorlitz \pon the riuer of N'eiss, and that night
inv without ReiehenlMeh.

The !'.). we passed bv Baudzen and Cannii/, and ih.it night to Rensperg.

Ihe 20. we passcti 1)\ llayn, by Stfelen, where we should hane passed the riuer of Elbe,
li'.it the boat." -.sas not there, so that night we lav at a towne called Mulberg.

voi ;i. T t The

Paliin vpon the
riuer of I'riit.
Y.1S.

Nyciter » riuei.
C'jinycnetz.

Skalj.

Leopoli?, or
Leuilpurg.

Grodecz,
Vilii.1.

larosUw.

I.aticzut .

Gracouia.

Lcidc Mines.

Brndiin.

Salt digged out
of mouiiuinesin
Poland.
Bitom,

Schurgasse.
Brigk.

k;>i

I ■

ml}

\uj 1; :

■I , J ! ii/

^ii lit

Mir ■# ■

823

Magdeburg.

Lvitifiibitrc.
Hamburg-

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Tho. Foshr.

The 21. we pas!<c(l the said riiicr, wee went by Beljjcrn, by Torf;a, by Dumitch: and at
nifjht to Brelch.

The 22. wee passed (he Elbe a;;aine at Wittenberg, wliich is a very stronji; townc, with a
good Vniucrsitie: and tliat d.iy we passed by Ciwwjjr.

The 'ii. wee passed through Zerbsf in the moi nini;, and that night to Magdebnrj, a very
stnMig Tdwne, and well gouerned as wee did hiare. The most part of the Ccmntrey, ,ifi('r
wee were eomc one daycs iourncy on this side Breslawe to this place, belongeth to the Diiivc
of Saxon.

The 2i. wee passed by a c.T'<tie of the .Marques ol Brandenburg called Wolnicrstat, and
tliat night we lay at Garleben.

Tlie 2,5. wee iav at Soltuedel.

The 26. at Berg.

The 27, we baited at l.unenborg, fh;it night we lay at Winson.

The 28. we came to llamborg, and there stayed one weekc.

The 5. of December wee departed from Ilainborg, and passed the lUbe by boate hciii^r
much frosen, and from the riucr went on I'oote to lioxtchoede, being a long Dutch mile oH;
and there we lav ; and from thence passed oner land to Emdi-n.

Thence hauing passed through Friseland and Holland, the 2."i. being Christmas day in llir
morning we came to Delft : where wee found the rit;hl honourable the Earle ot Leicester uii'i
a goodly comi)any of Lords, knights, gentlemen, and souldiers.

The 2H. at nighi to Koterodam.

'fhe '-i'.h to the Brii! and there >taved ei^ht daves for passage.

The lifih of lanuary we tocke shipping.

The *. we laiuUil at Gr.iuc--cnd, ,inil so that ni'.;hl at London VNitli llie helpc of ahni:;hiic
God.

The Turkes p.is^cpori or -alVci lukic' for Cajilaine .Xiistcli, and laconio Maniichio.

KNow thou which art Voyuod.i of Bogdania, 8t X'alachia, & other our olliicrs abidini; nml
(l\Neliing on the way by \Nhicli men ((iniinonlv |(a>se into Bog(l,ini.i, and \'al.iihia, that the
Emba^-ador of England li.mint; two iMiLili-.!! gentlemen de-^irous to dcp^irt for I/iniaiul, t!u
one named llenr\ Aiistel, and the otluT lai'oino ile Maniuhio, rc(|U(>ie(l our lii;j;iines..c U't-
ters of Safeconduci to |),i»>e through nur dominions \\itli one scniant to altcnde on tluni
Wherefore wee siraighllv charge von and all other c'lir -eruants bv whomlhev shall pis^c
that hailing reciined lliis our c nmm.inilemeiit, \ou haue diligent can- and regard that ihrv
may haiie ])rciuided for them in this their ioiirney ^ for their mone\ ) all siuh necessary ])in.
iiision as shalbe necessary fr themschus and their horses, in such sort as they niav iiuie no
eau-e hercifter to complaine of you .\ncl if bv channce they come \nlo an\ place-, \nIhti'
they shal stand in feare either of their per-ons nr i^inn]-, that thcii \(mi earefullv i aii-e
them to bee guarded with your men. and to be cimducteil tlndiii;h all suspec ted plai c-,
with sutFic lent company : But haue Lireat reg.ird that the\ comie\ not out of our countrc'\
anv of our seriiiceabic horses. Oliev our coinmandenti lit, and giue creditc to this lur
S,ale.

A I'asicport of the E.irle .if Leicester for I'hnmas I'wster gentleman irau.iiling to

('iiiisianlinn|)le,

UObertiis Comes I.eii estri,e, b.iro de j)eiibi;;h, ordinmn (iarterij & .Sancti .\Iic haelis cc|iics
auratus, Sereiiissiniie Rcyiii,L' Annli.e a Sec retioribus coiisilijs, & magister ccpioriim, diiv k
capitant'us gcneralis e.xercitcis eiusdem Bi giie maie.siaii.s in' liel);io, & jiubernator geneia!is
Hnllandiie, Zelaiidiu', & jjrouineiarum Miit,inim & assoc i,ilarnin, ominbus ad cpicis pra'sciitcs
liter.e peruenerint, saliitem. Ciim lalor pra'.enliuiii Tlioiuas I-'osti-r riobilis An^liis in c e-
sarijs de rausis hinc Coiistantinopojim pinfectiiriis sit, & inde ad iios cpiant,i \to\c>[ < elerilalc
reiicrsurus: jjetimus ab omnibus Sc singulis Henibus, priiuipibus, nobilibu.s, magistral!! i,-.

\ al.j-,

The pihr. to Mecca. TRAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES.

& alijs inaiidcnt & pprmiftaiit jlicto Thomoj cum diiobns famnlin lilicrum transitnm per
roniin ditiones & tcrritoria sine detentionc aiit impedimento iniusto, & prniiidcri sibr de
nercsHarijr* iiisfiim prcciiim rcddenti, ac alilcr coniienientcr & humaniler frartari, vt occa-
sioncs ciiis ciiiuli & rednnidi requircnt: Siciit nos Maiestates, Serenitatcs, Celsitudinc!), 8c
ddmiiKitioiies vcstra? paratos imicnictis, vt vestratibus in similibiis casibus gratiirn Himiliter
(aciaimi-i.

Daliiin in estris ndstris Diiisburjfi, decinio die Scptembris, anno 1586. stylo veteri.

A dcsrriplion of the yecrely voya£>e or pil<tr'riai;e of the Mahumitans, Turkes and
SloorcH viito Mecca in Arabia.

Of llic Citic (if Alexandria.

;\Lexandria the most am i citie in Afrirn situaicd by the seaside containeth seuen mile*
in circuite, and is eniiironod with two \vallcs one neere to the other with high lowers, but
the walles within lie fane hij^her then those without, with a <;reat ditch round about the
same: vet is not tl-.is Citie \ery stronu; by reason of the great antiquitic, being abnost halfe
de-iroved and ruinated. The greatnesse of this Citie is such, that if it were of double habi-
tation, as it is ronipas-ed with a dou!)le wall, it might be truely said, that there were two
Alexandri.is one builded vpon anotiier, because vnder the foundations of the saide Citv are
urea JKiliitalinns, and iiicreilibic huge pillers. True it is, that this part vnderneatii re-
niaifuili at ihi^ diy inhabitable, because of the corrupt aire, as also for that by time, which
consiMueth all things, it is grcatelv ruinated. It might well be sayd, that the founder here-
of, as lie \>as woriliv in all his enterprises, so likewise in building hereof be did a worke
worthy of hinisclfe, naming it after his owne name. This Citie hath one defect, for it is
subi<'i t to an euill ayre, which onely pn'ceedeth of that hollownessc vnderneatii, out of the
uhicli issuclli inliniie moisture: and that this is true the ayre without doth euidently testifie,
which is more subtile ai'.d holesome then lh:it beneath. The waters hereof Ije salt, bv re:ison
that the -oile of it sclfe is likewise so. .\nd therefore the inhabitants, at such time as the
riucr N'lhis llowcth, are accii-.tonic(l to open a great ditch, the head wherof evtendeth into
the -aid riucr, and from theme i'-i'\ conueigh the same within halfe a mile of .Mexandria,
and -o ciinsc(piently b\ meaiies of conduct-pipes the w:iier commeth vnto the cesternes of
Alexandria, which being full seme the citie from one inuiulation to another. Within the
ciiie is a I'yramide nieniiiincd of in Histories, but nut of great importance. Without the
citie is l.a culonna di I'oinpeio, or the pillar of I'ompey, being of such heii;ht and thick-
ncsse, tliat it is su|)po»ed there is not the like in the wLole world besides. Within the citic
there is nothing of im|)"rtance saue a liile cattle which is i^uanled with <!() lani/.aries. .\lex-
aiidii.i hath three |>i>rtes, one towardes liosscllo, another to the land ward, & the third to
the sea ward, which is called Halielbar, without uhi( li ap])eareth a broad llanil called (Jhc-
-\r,\ in the Moores toiii-'iie, which is not wholv an Hand, because a litle point or corner
thereof toucheth the linne lande, and therelore nia\ be c:dled Peninsul:i, th;il is to snv, al-
n)osl an Hand. Hereupon are builded main houses of the lewes, in respect of the aire.
This I'eniiisula is situ:ile belw<'ene two \erv gond ports, (i|ie <<!' ihem being n-iich ntore safe
then the other, called The old port, into (he which only the ve-sels of 15arl):uie, and the sixc
(i:dlies of the (irnid Si^nior depulclh I'l r the guard o\' .Mexandria doe enter. .\nd this port
h.ilh vpon the riuhl huid at the mouth or enlerance thereof a ca<lle of small itn|>ortance, and
j;u.M(led but with lifteene men or thereabouts. On the oilier side of this ll:i;ul is t!ie other
cilled I'he new port, which name is not viilillv ginen vnto it, for that in all mens iudi'e-
ineiil in tinier |i:is| there hath not beene wntir there, beciiuse in tiie inidsf of this port,
wiiere the w:iter is \er\ dee|)e, th»'re are disi o'cri'd and lound great scuulrhres and other
liuildings, out of the whi( h are daylv digLjed uit'i en;;ines lispar and I'orphvrie stones of
grc;il value, of the whicli great sti^re .ire sent to Constantinople for the ornament (T the
Mesquilas or Turkish feinples, and of other buil(lio!<:s of the firand Signior. Into this port
inter ,ill such \ess(U ,is tralVupie to this phice. fhis port hath on ech side a castle, wliercid'

■f I 'i that

3^1

•;•' fl

A %i

U(\

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie pilgr. to Mecca.

fittli .111 liodle 11
[r.iti^tii', .o the
SulvatJ'

Bichicr.

Uo!«ttu.

(hat vpon the Pciiin-iiila is called Faraoiic, vpon the lop|ie whcrcol" curry iiijjiu ilicro is a
lijjht set in a j>rcat lantcrne for direction of the ships, and for the guard iherioi' arc ap-
piiintcd iJlK) laiii/.aries: the other on the other side is but a litie castle kept In IS men. h
is certainc, that this hauen of Alexandria is one of the chiefest iiaucns in tin- world: lor
hither ci nic to trallique people of eiiery Nation, and all sorts of vessels which n^c round
about the citie. It is more inhabited by stranjjers, marchants, and Christians, then h\ men
ol the countrey which arc but a few in number. Within the cilic arc line Fontechi, that !■,
'to snv, one of the rrenrhmcn, where the Consul is resident, I'v this is the I'airc-t and nidNi
conunodious of all the rest. Of the other Ibure, two belong to the \'cncii:ins, one ti>
tlie Ha-iisi.ins, and the fourth to ilie Cienouescs. And all strangers uhidi come to tral1it)ii('
there, e\ce]it the Venetians, are vnder the I'rench Considl. It is also to be vmlcr-
stood, ih;it all ihe Christians dwell within their Fontechi, and euery euiiiinj; at tiic L^oini;
downe of the simnc, they which are appointed for that odiie <;oe about and shut all
the nates of the saide Fontechi outward, and the Christians shut the same within: and
so likewise they doe on the Friday (which is the Moores and the Turkcs Sahboth) till ilu-ir
deuotions be expired. And by this nicanes all parties are .secure and voide of feare: (or in
so doinj; the Christians mav sleepe (juicllv and not feare robbiu};, and ihe Moores neede not
doubt whiles they sleepe or ])r:iy, that the Christians should make anv luntult, as in tiiiui
past hath ha])pencd.

Of the co:i«t of .\le\;ui(lria.

ON the side towardes Barbaric alonj;; the sca-cnast for a j;i'eat s|)afe there is founde neither
hold, nor any thirij; worthy of nienlion ; but on the oilier sjdc towards S\ ria l.'> miles fnim
Alexandria ^landetll :i lille castle c.illcd IVichi<'r kept In liftie Turkcs, which ca-^tle is \crv
oldeand weake, and hath a port wlii(h in time- |>.ist was gotnl, but at tiii-. present is vlterK
ilecaved and full of sand, so that the vessels which come thither dare not come neere ihc
shoare, but ride far otl'into the -ea I'oriie miles further is Uosseiio, which is a litle tnwric
without w.dles, and is situ:ite \ pun the b;inke nf Nilus three milc'. from the sc:i, at wliii i'
j)la( e mam times iltcv build ships and other vessels, for );oiicrncuicnl whereof is appoinli.l
a Sani;Kbe\, without anv other uuard: it is a place of trani(|uc, anil the iidiabilants .ire \tr\
rich, l)iit iKiushlic \arhls ami li.u Iciur-. Furllier dowue aldiii; the .-ca--ide ;ind the riiicr
banke is a^ioihcr lille i;i«lle like Mito the ;il)ouesa\de, and bei.iusc the Mi ores IhIccuc, that
Me( ca will in sli.,ri liiuc hi' <iiiHiucrcd bv the ('hri>liaiis, tlu\ li. Ide npinion, that the ■.amc
bcini: lust shall be rcinii'il in llii-> plai e of Hos.-etto, namciv, that :ill their pravcrs, \owe.s,
and pil;irimai;es -lia'l l.r tran-porled In Kossetto, as the relinious (^rdcr of Saint lohn nf the
Rhodes is tr;iii-.laled thence to .M.ili:i. I-'urihi r forwarde thiriie miles siaiules another c.isilf
of small imp irlalicc (ailed Mnilles, ki'i>l continuallv bv founie Turkcs, which hath a i;iii.(|
and >ecure |)ort, in funic like to a \crv ;;rial lake ir poii'li-, wherein is i.iken ureal i|uiii-
titie offish, w li^h the\ sail, ai.d llic iii;uclianls of C.indic .md Cyprus i ome thillier I > lj,lc
ihc same, niid it is ;;rcalh esteemed, espi'ciallv of ihe Camliols, who hauinj' ureal ahiin-
ihiiKC ol'wiiie a.liicitiire .-.br' id to >ceke nie:ile litle for the taste of the s:iv<l wine Disiaiit
(rmn iJrulles line :i:id iliMlii- Miles there is aiiolher ca-tle like vnio the abouesa\d ke|it bv an
.\i;a with fomlie men or thercahoiit. .M'ire wil'.iin the lande by the riuers side is I):uuiata an
.lUiK lent (ilie enuirncd with vwdlc'^ cniiiaMiini; hue miles in ( ircuit, and but of small
strcnjfih. For the j'oiiernement of this phice is a Sanjaco with all his hoiisholde and no other
((inijjinie. 'Tiiis citie i- vcrv I.u'^je, deli<;liiriill, and pleasant, abounilinf: with !;ardeii-. and
f.iire fiiimt liics. OiIkt fo'tie miles liirlher is Latma, a castle of very small iiiip' rt.iiu e, aiul
kepi a; oiher wiln forrc Tiirke^ \ iider .in .\j;a in this place is no pnrt, but a made \er\
(laiiiiyerotis. and wi'hoiit .'iher habitation. Tassinji this place we enter liidea. Hut because
our iiiieiit is to rca-oii -iir.plv of l!ic vov.ije to Meci a, we will proceede no further this wav,
but leiurninf,' to our lir^t way, let it •.iillice lo sav, that from Alexandria to Cairo are two
hundred miles, in which way I (inde nothing woorthie of memorie.

jiit^r. to Mecca.

The pilgr. to Mecca. THAITIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

335

i( h lint'i a ^nnd

Of the mightic Citie oC Cairo.

CAiro conlaincfh in riiriiit einiiU'cnc miles, hciiij; so ijiliabitcd and rrplciiishetl with
pciiplf, that almost it caniuit rcceiiic more; and tiierelore they haiic bei{tinnc tobuilde iicwe
houses without the ritie and about the wallcs. In Cairo arc people of all Nations, as Chris-
tians, Armenians, Abexiiis, Turkes, Moores, lewes, Indians, Medians, Persians, Arabians,
:ind other surtes of people, whieh resort thither by reason of the j;reat tratfique. This citie
is j;ouen.ed by a Hasha, which niinistreth iuslice, together with the Cadie throuf^hout the
whole kin>;donie. Also there are two and twenlie Saniatkes, whose olliec isonely to oiicrsce
and )j;uarde the kinj;dome for euerv ijood respect. There are also senen thousand Turkes in
pay, til wit, three thousand lani/.aries, .ind loure thousand horsemen: The rest of the people
Ml Cairo are fur the most |)art marchanis whi( h u'oe and rome, and the remnant are Sloores
and other base pe(.ple Abnut two miles from (".liro there is another little Cairo called The
iijde Cairo, which coniaineth in circuit liile more then tenne miles, and the better lialfe is
not inhabited, but desiroved, whereof I neede not make any other mention, fhe new Cairo
answerelli euery \ecre in tribute to the grand Sij;nior, (WKKKH) ducatcs of Isolde, neat and free
of all ( har;;cs jrrowing on the same, which money is sent to Constantinople, al)out the line
of September, by the way of .Meppo, ab\a\es by lan<le, vnder the custodie of three hundred
horsemen, and two hundred lanizaries footmen. The citie of Cairo is adorned with many
faire Mcs(|uitas rich, );reat, and of nomllv and norsjeous builditij;, amony; which are line prin-
cipall. The lirst is called M(ira-.tano, lh.it is to say, 'fhe hos|)it;ill, which hath of rent (iuc
hiindicd ducats of ijolde euerv day left \nlo it by a kinj; of Daniasco IVoni auncient times;
winch kin;; haiiini; ron(|U(Ted ("airo, f<vr the spate of tine dayes conlinu;dlv put the people
llicrcof to the s\winl, and in rhe end repenting him of mi ;;reat inanslau<»hter. caused this
( riielty to cease, and to obtaine reini<si(iii for his sinne committed, causi-d this hospitall to
be built, enriching; it as is al'oue>aid. The sfcund t'ainous inciiument of Cairo is called Nef-
lisa, of one Ncfli^a biirird there, \Jiii was a Dame of honour, and mooned by lust, yeelded
her body voluntarily without rewnnle, to any that re(|uired the same, and s.-i\de she bestowed
li.is ahnes for t!ie loue of her I'rophet Mahomet, ant! liierelnre at this d.iv they adore her.
rciiercncc her, and finally liane ( .nioni/ed her Inr a Saint, adirmin^' that shee did many mi-
racles. The third is (ailed / luia di'll.i lMMacl::iri, who w.is one lA the foiire Docioi- in the
l.iw. The fourth is c.dled Imanisi ialii, wiu're is Iniried Si i.ilij the second Doctor of this law.
()l the oilier two Di'durs one is buried in D.nii.xo, the other in .Meppo. The fill <.V last
lainnus nioiMunenl is (Ji.iiKda/.ir. lh.it is, the house ol l.a/ariis: and this is tlu- j;enerall \'ni-
iier-^ily ol' the wlui'e kini;doine of V.'j.\ pt. In this place ;\nno l.jtiG in the nioiietli of lanu;iry
l)v niislurtnne of lire were burned nine thousand bookcs nl' <;real value, as well for that they
were written by hand, as also wroiiLihl so richly v\ilh .L;olde, that they were wortii .'i()0 and
•iUU ducats a piece, one with aiii'ther. .\iid lieca\ise it cduld neuer be kiicwen y et hr.w this lire
liejjanne, ihcy haue and doe liidde the same fur a mrst sinister aui^iirie, and an cuidcntand
inanilest sijjne of their \tter mine. Ihe houses df Cairo wilhiut .ive \er\ laire, & within the
j;rcaler number ricldv adorneil with lum^jinsis wrouj;l'.t with j;(dde. laierv ijersi-n which resurteth
to this place lor traHicpies sake, is b(.nnd to pay halle a dm kat. e\( ept the uentlemeii Vene-
tians, Siotes, and lihatjiisean-, because ihey are Iribntarie to the CIrand Si;;nor. Cairo is
ilistant fn m the riuer Nilus a mile and more, beinj; situate on a plaine, .^aue that on the one
side it hath a faire little hill, on the lojipe where'd stands a faire castle, but not strong, for
that it may be battered on euerv side, but very rich iV lari:e, ci>mpas«cd about with faire
fjardens into the which they coMiieiuh water for their necessitie cut i f Niliis, with cert.iinc
wheeles tV other like enjfines. 'fbis ma^nilicent citie is adorned with verv fruiifidl f;arilens
both pleasant and commodidus, withunal plenty of |)[.ndes ti) water the same. Notwith-
standing the great |)leasuies (d" Cairo are in the moneth of .\ugust, when by meaiies of the
great raine in I'.iii pia t!ie riiicr Nilns (lui-rlltiweth and watereth all the counirev, and then
thc-y open the moiit.i (d"a great ditch, which e.\lendeth into the riuer, and passeth through
the midst ol the citie, and entring there are innumerable barkes rowing too and fro laden

with

iSt6.

The drscii|'tion
of C^Uu.

I I

l| U

i I

', ».l

. 11

.■r'rt

VOYAGF.S. NAUFOATIONS,

The rilf;r. to Mtrcn.

,U' >■

. ;

*r ( ,

' »

; '(' ':

iv--M^\

willi Kallani girlPH and licaulirull dames, wliiili with >in;;iny:, rating;, drinking and ('(M-iin;',
take ihfir solace. I'lie women of lliis counlrev arc must Ijiaiiiiliill, and hoc in rich .iiiiie lic-
drrked with jjold, ])retioiis stones, and iewels uf ureat \aliic, Iml chu rdy |)it('iuhc(| uiil,
odiiurs. and are verv lil)idin(ius, and the men lilcuixc, Init roiilc and hard f.inonrid. TIk'
soiU' is verv fertile and abinulant, the (lesh fat wiiii h they -ell withoni Imncs, their caii(l|,>,
thev make nl' the niarnwe of (alteli, because the Moores ntc ihe tallow. They \-c alx.
reriaine lille furnaces made of purpose, vnder the which tho\ ni.ike lire, putlini,' into the
furnace foure or Due hintdre<l e);j;es, and ti.e -"aid lire thev nourish by litle and lille, viiiill
the chickens l)e hatched, which after llu-y be hatched, and bcconu- somewhat bijjuer. ihe\
sell them bv measure in such sort, as we sill .uul mea«ure iHil-« and chestnuts and such like

Ofiertaine notable inonunu'iil^ wilh(>ul llii' cilie ol ('air.'.

Without the Citic, sixe miles hii',lier into the land, are to be scene ncere \nli> the riiici
(iiiu'rse I'iramidc''. amons; which are three marueilous sjre.ii, and \erv arlilii i.illv wnMinlit
Out of one of llu'se are daylv di;;j;ed llu' botiies of auiu icnt nun. not rcllcii, but all whclc,
the (ause whereof is the qualitie of the lv{;y|)iian -oile. wliiihwill not dii^ume the llcsh ,,1
nian, but r.ither dry and hanlen the s;une, and >o alwaves ( ci'i><eruelh it. And these iic:ul
bodiis are the Muminie whii h the I'hisiiians and .\potliecaries doe a';ain»t our willes niake \v
to swallow. .M-o liy dij;i;inji in these I'yramides oltenlimes are (ound eert.iinc Idole^ or
linajjesof uolde, siluer, and other meltall, bill Midcr the other pir:;ini(l4-^ the bodies are rici
taken \]) so whole as in this, but there are found h yucs and arniis coin|i;ir ibic to the linnnr>
of giants Neare to these piramides a|i]>eareth oiii ofllic sand .1 ureal heail of stone sdinc-
whal like marble, which is discouered so farre as ihe mike io\ nclh wilh (he sluiilders, heiii^
all whole, sauinj; that it want<ih a lillle tippe ol the f.osc. The ret ki d this head conla\ii-
etli in circuil abmil si\e and tliirly fool, so th.it it in.iv be ai tordin;; to the ne< kc considered,
what <;realncsse ihe head is of flie riucr Nilus is a mile broad, wherein are \er\ in.iin
■;reat Croccodiles from Cairo \|>wai(l, but lower than Caiio passcih no such ( reatiin-: aiiil
this, ilicv sa\ , is bv reason ol .111 iiu haiilmenl inaile Ion-; since whicli hindereth their passage
for commiiii; aiiv lower then Cairo. Moreouer of these cre.itures tin re are si'inetimes foiin,!
sonie of an im redihie bijiuessc, tf.al isios.iv, of durtie foot alxiut. The males haue llnir
inemb.'rs like to a man, and the females like to n woman. 'I'hese monsters oficniimes i.suc
out of the water to feede, and lindin<; any small Ix'ast--, as shcepe, lambes, ;;o:ites, or itlicr
like, doe ;;real harme. .\nd whiles ihc\ are fnorlh of the water, if tlie\ happen at xnw.irc-
x|)onanv man, woman or childe, whom l!u \ can ouerconie, lhc\ sp.ire n t iheir biies. In
the veere of our Lord one thoiis.nul line Inindrul and si\tie il ha])pen(d, that cerlaire pnorc
Christians lrauelliii<: bv Cairo lowardes ihe (ountn y of I'rete l.uini to re><iie cerlaine sialic*.
were ijuided by a Chans, and iourneyeil alonij;st ihe banke of ihi- said riiier. 'Ihe Chaiis re-
mained linj;erintj alone behinde t> make his pravers (as their ( iis|i me is) at a pl.K e called
Tana, whom beini; busii' in his double deiiolion one of these Ciocidiles ( ea/ed bv the sh' i,l
ders, and drew him \nder w.itcr. so th.it he was neiier alter scene. .\nd lor this caiisr llie\
haue made in simdrv places cert.iiiie hedi;es as bankes within the water, so that betwixt lie
hedj^e and banke of the riucr there remainelli so much water, tli.il the women w.ishini; 111. n
lake water withotil dan;;i r .it lluir pleasure. Tliis (oiintrcv i> so rrnitfoll, that il ( auscth tl;e
women as also other creatures to brinj; foorlh one, two, and oft liiiu's three at ,t birth. l'"iiu'
miles soulhwarde of Cairo is a place called M.itare.i, where the balme is relinc<l: and lliero-
fnre soiTie will sav, that the trees whit h beare ihe balme jirowe in the said place, wherein
thev are dereiued: for the savile tr(cs jjrowe two daves ioiirnev from .Metia, in a pl.ne
called IJedrihone, which veelileth baline in f;real plenlv, but saliiaye, wiMe, .i;id wiiliMii
MTtne, ami therefore the .Moores c.iryinnthe same within litle thesis liom liedrihone lu
Matarea, where the trees l)einj> rc|)lanle(l ( be il bv \erliie of the so\ |c, or tlie water, aire, ir
anv other thiiiix vshatsoeiier) it sullii cth that lure thev beare the true balme ,iiul licoiir so
much in these ilayes esteemed of. In this place of Matarea there are tcrlaine litile \\> iit-,
with most giH dl\ ^jardens, and a chappell tif antiipiiiy, where the \er\ ,Mot)res ihenisilms

allTiiip,

llif pilpr. to Mirett.

THAFFIQUI'S, AND DISCOl'RIilF.S.

AIT

iiflirini', tliat the mollicr of (iic Messed (,'hrist Hiving; Crom llic I'lirv nf wicked llcrodc there
I her Mell'e witli llu' cliilde, wliciein lli.il s;i\ in;; of ilu- I'nipliet w;is liildlled, V.\ /Iv^vpto

s;iiU"i

vociiii liliiiin iiHMini. The which ('h.ippcll in the veiin- (iT oiir l.drdc one ihonsand line hun
(Ired .mil linn-e, the Mnijiiidco l);iniel lliirbaro lirs( ('(insull ol' ihat phice went to visile, ^ind
caused it to he renned and reeditied, so that in these daycs tliere resort thither main Chris-
liaiH, who orienlinies l)rin|!; with iheni a I'riest, los.tv masse ilicre AUo aljont an llar<iur-
l)ii/-shoiic (roiii M.iiarea is a sjiire ol'^ireal hei^iit like to that at Home, and more heantirnll
to hchoKle. Neerc \iito tlu' ohie Cairo are yet twehie storehouses of jjrent antiqiiitic, luit
now vcrv miK h (h-caveil, and ihi'sc till late <laves serned to keepe coriie Tor behoofe ol' the
kiiiijilome, ( oncernin;; wiiii h iiiaiu are ol dpinion, that the founder hereof was loscph the
Sonne of I.icoh, for considi ration of thesenen dearr \eares. Also passini; hij^her vp hy tlie

.f Nil

lere is to lu-e scene a la\ re

Cilic

•rllowed with water, the which at such

time a

Silas (loweth Kelh vnder water, lint when the water rrturncth t<i the marke, there

plaiiieK appc are princclv p dares, and siatelv pillars, heiii^ of some called Ihcbes where oia>TinS«.
tncv sav that I'hiiMo was resident. Moreoner three davcs ioiirnev hij>her \ p are two jjreat
ia;:i's of speckh'd in rhie, all whole, and s-inewhat suiikc into the earth, beiiif!; things

wondcrrull to lonsider (d', for llv.' nose o

sp ice fniin one I'arc lo the oilur conteiiu

lev their luads, and uraiien in evcellent proportion, so that tin \ are sjupes of mariiellniis

lni!;ene^>e, aud the-e ihev c;dl I'lic wife, and The dannhtcr ol' rhar.io,

I either is two spaniies and an hall'e lonjj, and the;
•ih tenn. spaniies. the bodies beio^' correspondeiu

Of llie p.itriarke (d"(ireeci
IN Cairo are iwo I'.itriarkes, one of the (ireekes. and am

lerof the lac nbiics. 'I'he (ireeke

rair.itl
xerv ';"

.died (ii(.e( liiii, bcinu ahi ill liie a^e of

one nniulri

il and thirlecne \ ecies,

il .iml hoU num. I he\ -ay, thai when SoUlan (i.iuri if Fuvpl reinned, llu re was

his niirai It

foil

oN\ lllli

thi

id patriarke lii iiii; eniiie<l at b\ the Uwi-s id the c<

irev, for none oiher cause, but lor his ^o, d workes, and li(dy life, it happened (I say) that

sin prc«eiue of the Sultan, .uul reasoning
ue ol these Miscreants: silh ihoii beleetiesi

disiiniatioii witli certaice (d' tiie llebrewc

heiiiii 111 itis|

of llu'ir laweand l.iilh, it w.is savd \nlo liir

in liie lailh of Christ, Like and drinke tiiis noiion whicli

I will

iiie lliec ; and if thv Christ

I),' true .Messi.is .md iriied id, h.- will i^-avd he; deliuir lliee from (liiinner. To whom ihe

t p III! 'rke an-wcred

iha

a ciippe c

if I

he W.IS conleiil; wlwreupoii that ci;r«cd h'we hroiciit liim

he mo.t veiicmi.iis ai.d ileadiv p \scn that c< nld be found, whi(h the lioK I'atri-

arke lianin;; perciined

In I'.w name . I the f.iiher, <d" the soni

:ilid of the hol\

(ihost; and haiiiiii; so savde he dr.nikc it (iiiite \p; whic.i done, he looke a drop|)e ol' pure
water, piittini; it into thai \ery cup, and cane it vnio tlie lewe. savins; \nto him, I in ihc

name <

f mv Christe haue driinke thv pov-

il llieiefore in the name i f th\ e\pecied M

sias drinke tliis water of mine witlnn ihine owiie < iippe. W hereu])oii the lewe ti: ke ihe
I lip out of the hand of i!ie I'atriaike, and hauinu drniike the water, wiihin halle an hmire
ImiisI a sunder. .\iul ll.e I'alriarke li.id none other luirl. > nie that he became somewhat pale
insight, and so remained iiu rafter. .\nd lliis innai le whith nieritelh to be called no
Icsse; was done to the t;real < nnimendalion of tic hol\ I'.ilriaike in the presence of a ihoii-

ind persons, and n.imclv of the Soldan of l'!;^\pi

secini: 1

he despi^ht of the lewo

Mito their owne (o-t and I onfiision compelled ihev.i to make the coiidint. whiih with so

IV eiiftines c nnmcth into the casfh'

Nihis aboue mentioned .\nd this triumphani

I'atriarke not lon.i; sime was aline, and in perfect health, which (j.il (oiitinue loii!; lime.

Of 11

e preparation of the C.iroiian to goe

to Ml

AS toiK hin^ the Caroiiaii which i;oeth to Mecca, it i^^ to be \ndersI<iode. that the Mahn-

metaiis

inon

ihserue a kii de vf lent c

oniiiuim" one whole mooiie, and beiiu

ibic

ie, which sonclime- lalleth hiiih, sonulinies lowe in the \eere called in their toiii'.iif II. i-

ina/.aii, an

1 their l< asi

died li.i

iirir,

IS lime o

f lent .-.U the\ which inlende lo

H)C viilo .'VIecca resort \iito Cairo, becaii-e that iweniic ilaxes after the feast the CaroiLoi

.dii

r \ \\

1 1

hV'tf

FifiPl of dry
«ood in ttr id
ui luKliri.

V()YA(Ji:s, NAUIGATIONS,

Thf i>ll)!,r. to Mecca.

rcadic to (Ifjiarl on ilic voyaur : iiiul ihitluT rcnorl a urcat multihidc nl' pooplo from A^ia,
CiriM-iii, anil Barliaria to mic on this Mivam', i<(iine inociiicil l)y (lcu(<i'>on, and sonic lor lialliniiiN
sake, and sunu' In passe awav the tinu-. Nowf wiiliiii tVwc dayrs alter the least tliev wlncli
Hoe on tlu' \(iyani' depart oiit of llic lilii' two U'aj;iies vnio a place ealled Kina, wIumc thcv
fxpcet the Cipiaiiie of the Caroiian. 'I his plate hath a jjreal pond i inised li\ the inutiiLitJoii
of Nihis, and so niaile, that the eaiiiejs ;itid oiliei lie.i«les may drinke the rein: wlu'reul', imiiu'-
ly, of Mules, Camels, antl Droniedaries there are at least fortie thousand, and the persons
whieli jollovse the Carntian euerie veere ate alioiit lil'iie thousa. d, lewe more «ir lesne, ai cord-
in.; to the times, Moreoiier enerv three yeeres they renne the C'apt.iine of the ('aroiiiiii,
ealled in t'.ioArahian tongue .\marilla lla^;;i, tiiat is, the Cuptaine of ihe I'ili>rinies. l4i Mluiin
theCirand ,Sij;nior niueth euery xoy a^e ei;;hlecne purses, eonteyiiiiif; im( li n| them si\e hun-
dred tv\entie and Hue duiales of nolde, ami these he for the hehool'e of ihe Car' u.ui, and .dso
to doe almes Mito the needlidl pilnrinies. fhis C.iptaine, hesides other seruinjimen \»hi( li
follow him, halh ;dso (oiire Cliau>i tosenie him. Likewise he hath with him for the seeurilii>
of the Cirouan I'oiue hundred siiiddiers, louit, two hundred Spai hi or horsemen mounteil on
Dromedaries, and two hiiiulred lani/.aries riding \pori Cunels. The Ch.uisi and the Spat in
areal the i h.n';;e id' the ('apt, line, hut the lani/arirs not so, for their prouision is maile tlieiii
from Cair.i. 'Ihe .Spaelii ki'.mc i.ips or lionnels like to the taps of Serj;eants, hut the laiu-
/aries after antiiher si rt, with a lappe lalliiiK downe hehinde like a f'rent h-hooJe, and haiiiii:;
bell re a ureal piete of wroimht siluer on iheir heails. 'Ihe ehar^e td' ihi>e is to eaiise the
Caruuan to manh in ;;i otl arra\ uhrn m fde retpiireih, ihe.e ire not at the ii inmaiindemiin
of any hut oT the Ciptaiiie of the C, iron in Mnreourr the Capl.iine hath lor his >;iiiile eii;lit
pilots, the ollit e of whom isaiwav i s si.ijile ,inil lirme from heire to heirr.and these yoeheliir
ftliidiii); the C.irouan, antl shew in;; the w.i\, as Leiiij; wt'il lApirlent til in the plai e, and m
the nij;ht tin \ iMiuerne them :is liie maiineis, |i\ the staire fhe-e als.i \sc i,, .dule ImI. rr
foiire or line men tarvinj; pieees ul drv wooti whirh f;ine lij;lil, herause llu', should not yn-
iMil of the wa\, and if at am lime ihroUKh their ill ha|> ihey w.inder asir.iy out of llie w,i\,
they are ea-t tlowiie and lieaieii wiihsM ni.iiiv l).i«ioiiaili es xpon the soles of their feele, .\^
serue them for a |)erpetiiall remend)rani e. 'I he < api.iine of the Carouaa halh his l.ieulenaiii
acrompanied eonliiiu.dlv with lifleene S|)ai hi, ami he halh the ehart'c to sei the Caronan iii
ortler, ami to laiisf them to depart on their ioiirney when netile retpiireih: anil tluriiij; iln-
voyajje their i (Tit e is some whiles to u^e lielore with the lnrew;u'ile, snmriimes ti t oine he-
hinde with the rerewarti, siunelimes lo ni.iri h on the one sule, and smneliines on the otiui,
to sj)y, that the roa>l he i It :ire. I'lie C:iiouaii lariiilii with ilsi\e pin e- of ordinance tli:iweii
hv I ^ tamels, which serue lo lerntie llie .Xrahi.ins, as also to make lriiiiii|ih at Meica, .u .1
other plat es. The marchanis which followe itie C.irouan, smce c.rrv for inarch. indise i Inili
ol siike, some Corall, some linne, oiiiers wheat, rise, and ;ill sorts nf jjr.iiiie, .Some sell h;
the way, some at Mecca, so that vwt\ tme hrinKeih someihinj; In L;,iine hv, hecaiisc all inai-
thanilise that ^loelh hv hinil paveth nocustoine, hut that which j;neth hy sea is houiiil to p.n
tenne in the hnndreil.

The l)ej>iniiinj; of the Noyage.

■file feast hefore l!ic Caroii.in setteth forth, the C.iplaine with
resort vnio thf taslie of Cairo het< re the H;L>lia, wliii h

I'-

ll his reli.'iue
Miellt vhio euers man a i

anil ofliiers
arnuiit,,iiid

that of the Captaine is wri'Uj;lil with ;;olde, and llie others are seriied act ordinj; lo their
ile;;ree .Moreouer he tkluicrelh v,,lo him j, Clusiia falnahi, whit hsi<;nilii'lh in the .Ar.ihiaii
lon;;ne, fhe j;arment of the I'mphd : this vesture is of sijke, wroujjht in the iniil-t with lel-
irrs ol );i]|d, whit l> sii{iii|ie: l.a dia ill' alia Malnnnet Kesull.ila : that is to s,i\ , There are nu
i;ods but GikI, and his and);u>sadoiir .Mahumet. 'fhis narnient is made i'[ purpose to timer
Irom top to hotome a litle house in Men a .stanilini; in the midst of the .Mcs(|uit.i, the whit li
house ^thtysay) was builtled hy .Mnaham or hv his sonne Nniael Alter thi.s he ijeliiiert tli
lohim .1 f;ate matle ol purpose for the foresaitl house of .\braham wroU};ht all with line ;;okle.
and hcinj; ol excellent workmaiishi]). .ic.tl it isjihiiii; oi' great value Itesides, he tlcliuereili

«l)Iu

The pillar, to Meeea. THAFFKIUKS. AND iJlSCOUEHHiS.

vnfo liiin 11 roiicriiiK of Krcpiic vfliirf in;uli' in inaiicr of a pyranii", al out nine p.ilmc* liisrh,
and arlKiiiallv wriiiij;lit witli must line ^olilc, and this ih lo cdikt llic toinbi' ol' their prciplict
witiiii) Medina, wiiich lonihcis hiiill in manner of a pyraiiiis: anil lif^idiN that ((Muring ihcrc
arr lirDiijjhl nian\ olhcrs nl' nnlilc and ftilkc, lur the urnanicnt nf tlic sivdc t<iml)i'. Which
(hiMj;s hcin;; ronsi^-ned, the lUsha departeih not from hit plai c ; l)nl the ("apiaine nC the ('a-
nman taketh hi» Icaiic with nliiiit odiffrs ami sdiildiers, and dep.irleih aionipanied wilii all
the people ol' Ciirn orderly in manner of a proces-iion, with singin;;, shouiinn and a thousand
(itiier eeremoniiw too lonf{ to recite. I'Yom llie laslle ihev ^oe to a ;;ale ol' the liiic cdled
Ihli-Nansera, without the whieh standee a Moxpiiia, and therein they lay vp the sayd \us-
liires MTV well keiit and ^;narded. And of this ri'reinony they make so great aoounl, that
the worlii eoniineii) to see this sight, vea the woimn great with ehilde, and ollurs with chil-
dren in their armes, neither is it lawlull lor any man to I'oibid his wile the goiiin If this least,
lor that in so doing the wife may separate her sell'e Irom her hiisb v.id, and may lie with ,ni\
other man, in regard (d so great a trespasse. Now this piix'ession proieediu)' dom Ihe cas-
ile tow.irrles the Mosnuita, the Camels whir'i bring the M'stufs ai ill ii .1 rued with I'loth of
guide, with many lilli*' belles, and passing along the sir- c yoii <>' V .'"" thf mullitude cast-
ing vpiin the sail! vestures thousands oT '..uilirnll tloWiT" . f ^tixtrs colniir?, A; «>seete water,
others bringing towels ilc line cloth touch the ■••Ufu". wriiic'. ciivr aU<:'' duy keepe as relitpics
with great renerence. Allerward hauing lelt the ■vtsturi' 1 > the '•l(»'.|iiita, as is al'oresaid, they
returne againe into the ( itie, where they reinnine thcoa; <■ l:c <'aptainr
deparleth will) his lonipanv, and taking the vestui/"-. (';ii i!" the \''v<i|uita, rari'*:'. »!ie sauie
to the lorcsaid plai e id' Hina, where the ('a;il,iiiu' ''Vniug pitchiO l.s tent tV'ih |li > lini'inl
of the grand Signior oner the gale, & the other ^ ri|\i tr>al| '•tit- ttaniiiiig nl;ai;e li> I'li'-
low the Cuiinaii in this voyage to Mecn. \N I" •• yi ii 'liiall ^T-e e^-iaisiC wmuu''! whicl', ic.
tend lo goe on ihis \oiagc accompanii'd v ■•! liieir ;K>r n- ai(i fri. nds if-nn it'd \;:,..n\ '.uii?!-'-.,
.idorned with so many trsdes, tassels and knot' ll-;'. in bcholdir ilic f^aw J man eai'i; ' t'.:~
I'raine Irom laui;l)ier. The last niglit bel'i.;!- tht ir deparlMi'c \iir\ nn! „■ )!fi?t K-'^tir.;. .11 d
triiunph within liie Carouan, with ca*tles niil other in*'!iite (5' ^'.hmo.?' iiri'Vi-r)>e, 'K: 5%ini2atn;.s
alw.ives staniling nunid about the tent id' th.c Cuptaine wi'b siici; ihniwirig ,tn.1 ioy, thai on
eiicrv side the e.irih ri'Miundeih, and thi. night 1 e; di-.i h'Jtiie tdl their ordinance?, f luri' :)V
sixe limes, and alter at the breake of tl"; day vpoii iht- '-ound vi' u k'rutlipet ihey iniifch i'or-
ward on their way.

What limes the Carouan trauelUlh, and ^yhen ■; resHrh.

nil infill, IX lll\li .11-1*' i ^ V* t,^M' ■« * , *■-» !.-■ >• IfWIIV .^»l\l, (••■ tJ^\l\-t 1,*V VI

ol)serue xntill the ' lul of the \oiage, nencr changing llic simc, except
we will hci\;aller spcake, where lor respect of water 'hi-v u'sl :.ofnct
and this liiev obserue to refresh ihenjselues, otVcrwisf boll

n svinie jij. ccs, v/h'-'reof
mes a da a h1 ct nalfts
i in.n-. u beast woulo diC.

In what order the i' ircnan frauelltth,

file mailer and order which the Carouan ohsi-r ;eth 'ii n archi-'j' is ihis.

It goeth diiiided

iiie iiiaiier ami onier won 11 ine v aroiian ops'.'r ;eiii 'u 11 ariiijn^' is nun. II goein UlUiiieil
into three parts, to wil, the forcw.ird, the inaiiic l„i.tell, ;uul iho r.rev.ard. In ihc forcward
go the S rilots before with a Chaus, which '-..i'h ourc kiiaiies, tV ech knaue carrieth a sinew
of a bul, to the end that if occasion runi retlt, y bastonado may be giuen to such ;wdescrue
the same. These knaiies ca-t on'eiulo'.rs dowic, lUriiing vp the soles of their feete m.nde faat
loa st.ille, giuing them a per|)r'vi!, ri iiuMnl>rai:ci' for them & the beholders. 'J"hi;i Chaus is
.ns the Ca|)'.aine i-f the Ii ■i'vird, which commandelh lights to be c.irricd before when they
irauell in the niyht. Also (Lcrt go in tliis foreward G Sunlonc-i with rcdturbanis vpon their

VOL. 11. U U heads.

I) ' w

\ ,

I ' *

, 111 ! " ■

1--.

■. i I'i"'

'l,«SM"ilP(

% / r.

1 1 ■ r

Wl'iv' j%ii

330

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

r//(,' pilar, to Mecca.

heads, & these eat and ride at the cost of the Caplaine of the Carouan. These Santoncs whrn
the Carouan arriueth at any good lodging, suddenly after they haiie csoricd the place, cry with
an horrible voyce saying, good rhe.irc, good iheare, we are neere to the wished IcHlging. For
which good newes the chiefe of the company bestow their beneiiolence vpon tlicm. In thin
foreward goeth very neere the third pnrt of the people of the Carouan, behind whom go al-
wayes 25 Spachi armed with swords, bowcs & arrowcs to defend them from thiencs. Next
vnto the foreward, within a quarter of a mile, foUoweth themaine batlell, and before the same
are drawen thestayd sixe pieces of ordinance, with their gunners, and (iftcenc Spachi Archers.
And next vnto these commcth theciiiofe physicion, who is an oide man of authoritie, hauiii;;
with him many medicines, oyntmcnts, salues, and other like refreshings for t!ic sicke, hauiii'^r
also camels with him for the sicke to ride on, which haue no horse nor beast. Next vnio
him goeth one Camell alone, the fairest liiat can be found : for with great intlustrio i>
sought the greatest and fairest which may be found within the dominions of the Grand Sin-.
nior. This camell also is decked with cloth of golde and silke, and caricth a litle chest made
of pure Legmamc made in likcnesse of the arke of the oldo Testament : l)iit, as is alxnip-
sayd, made of pure Legmame, without golde or any other thing of cost. Within this (lu'«i
is the Alcoran all written with great letters of golde, bound betweene two tables of nia><ie
golde, and the chest during their vt yaj;c is couered with Silke, but nt iheir entrin;; into
Mecca if is nil coucrcd with clolli of golde, adorned with iewels, and the like at the rn-
tcrance into Medina. The Camell aforesayd which carrieth the chest, is compassed alxiiii
with many Arabian singers and musicians, alwaycs singling an I playing vj)on insfrumcni*.
After this folow fifteenc other most fairc Camels, etiery one carving one of the abinic-
sayd vestures, being couered from toppe to toe with silke. Heliind the^e goe twentic other
Camels which carrie the monev, apparell, and jirouision of the .\mir el {'hegt;i capiairr
of the Carouan. After foloweth the royall Standard of the grand Signior, accompairud
continuallv with the musicians of the captaine, and line and twentic Spachi archers, wiili j
Chaus before them, and about these iT'anicilous things goeall the people and Camels whi(h
follow the Carouan. Uchind these, lessc tlien a mile, foloweth the rcrcw.ird, whereof the
greater part are pilgrimes : the occasion whereof is, for that the merchants seckc alwaves if
be in the foreward for the securitie of their goods, but the pilgrimes which haue lille to locse
care not though they come behind. Behind these alwayes goe due and twentie other Spachi
well armed with another Chaus tlicir capiaine, and fortie Arabians all Archers for guard of the
rereward. And because the Carouan gneth alwayes along the red sea banke, which in goini
forth they haue on their right hand, iherfore the two hundred lanissaries parted into three
companies goe vpon their left hand well armed and mounted vpon Camels bound onetoarin-
ther, for vpon that side is all the danger of thieiies, and on the other no danger at all, the
captaine of the Carouan alwayes going about his jjcople, sometimes on the one side, .iml
sometimes on the other, neiier keej)ing any lirme place, being continually accompanied with
a Chaus and 25. S|)achi, armed and mounted \pon Dromedaries, and S. musicians with viiles
in their handes, which cea^e not soniuling till the captaine fake his rest, v])on whom thcv
attend, till such time as he enfrelh his pauillion, and then licencing all his attendants and
folowers to depart, they goe each man to their lodging.

Of things notable which are scene in this voyage by the way.

BEcaiise in the way there are not many things found wonrthv memorie, for that the C.iro-
uan seldome resteth in places of habitation, of which in the way there are but fewe, vca ni-
ther the Carouan resteth altogether in the held: therelore in this our voyage wee will oiidv
make mention of cerfaine (,'astles foiuid in the way, which bee these, namely. .Agerut, Nai hcl,
Acba, Birifem, Muel, and I'-zlem. Of which due, the two first arc kept of Moores, and ihr
other three of Turkes, and for guard thev haue eight men ortenneal tlie most in eucrv Ca-tle,
with foure or line Smcrigli, which serue to keepe the water from flu- Arabians, so that the
Carouan comming thither, may haue wherewithall to refresh it selfc. Agenit is distant Inun
Suez a port of the red Sea eight miles, where are alwayes resident liuc and tweutic gallics nl

the

J »

pilpr. to Mecca.

The ;)i/?r. to Mecca.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES

331

the Graiul Sij^nior for the kccpinjj of that .Sea. Nachel is distant from the Sea a dayes iour-
lu'v Tlic walles of Acba are foinulccl vpon the red Sea bankc, Biritem and Miicf likewise
are dashed 1)V 'l-.c wniics of the Sea. F./U-m is distant from thence abone a dayes ioiirney.
These line C'asilcs abouesavd arc not of force altogether to defend tiiemselues agavnst an hun-
dred men. The Canuian departing; from Birca vnlill Agerut findeth no water bv the wav tci
liriiikc, neither from Ai;;erut till Nachel, nor from Nachel till Acba, but betweene Acba and
r>iiilein are found two waters, one called A^iam el Cassap, and the other Map;arraxiaibi, that
i> to sav, the riiier of lethro the lather in lawe of Moses, for this is the place mentioned in the
second chapter of Exodus, whitlicr it is sayd that .Mrses fledde from the an^cr of Pharao, who
would haue killed liini, I)ecaiise hec had slainc the /I'ljryptian, which fought with the Hebrew,
in which place stoode the cite of Midian ; and there arc yet the pondes, neere vnto the which
Moses sate dow lie. .\iui from that place forward they finde more store of water by the way,
ami in more j)laces, though not so good. It is also to bee noted, that in this voiage it is need-
fiill and an \suall thing, that the captainc put his hand to his purse, in these places, and be-
stow -.Mi'sents, garments, and turbanis v])on certaine of the chicle of the Arabians, to the ende
tliey mav giue him and his Carouan, free pas.sage: who also promise, that their followers like-
wise shall doe no damage to the Carouan, and bind themselues to accomplish the same, pro-
mising also by worde of mouth, that if the Carouan bee robbed, they uill make restitution of
such things as are stolh'u : but notwithstanding the Carouan is by them oftentimes damnified,
and those which are rubbed haue no other restitution at the Arabians handes then the shew-
ing of them a pairc of heeles, tlviug into such places as it is impossible to finde them. Nowe
the Carouan continuing her acrustomed iourncys, and hauing passed the abouesayd castles,
and others not woorthie nieiilioii, at length commeth to a place called lehbir, which is the
beginning and conline v( the state and realine of Serifo the king of Mecca; where, at their
approciiing issuetli out to nieete them the gouernour of the land, with all his people to rc-
ceine the Carouan, with »uch shouting and triumph, as is impossible to expresse, where they
staie one whole da\ . 'fhis place aboundetli with Ircsh and clearc waters, which with streames
fill downe from ihe high niouuiaines. Morcout , in this place arc great store of dates, and
(Icsli great store and goo<l cheape, and esi)Cvially l.nced muttons which willingly fall downe,
and here the weary pilgriiiies haue comniodilic to refresh themselues, saying, that this wick-
ed fact purgelh them from a multitude ofsinnes, and besides iiicreaselh deuotion to prasecutc
the voiage. Touching the buildiug in these places, it is to bee iiidged by the houses halferu-
iiiatcd, that it lialli hene a magnilicent cilie: but because it was in times past inhabited more
with iliieues then true men, it was therefore altogether destroyed by Soldan Gauri king of
I'gyiit, who going on pilgrimage vnto Mecca, and parsing by this place, there was by the inha-
hiiants hereof some iiiiurie done vnto his Carouan, which hee vnderslandcng of, dis.semb!ed
nil his rctiirne from Mecca, and then causwl it to bee burned and destroyed in ]>itifull sort
for ri'iicnge of the iniiirie done vnto the Carouan. The Carouan hauing rested and being re-
freshed as is ahouesavd, the next day departeth on the wav, and the lirst place they arriue at
woorthv mention is c.illed Hedfihonem, in which place (as is aforesavd) grow those little
s'iriil»l)csw hereout Halme issueth. And before the Carouan arriueth at this place a mile from f|iB
citie is a large and great field enuironed about with most high and huge mountaines. ^J\d in
this licld, according to the .Mcoran, their [irophet Mahomet had a most fierce and cruel battell
^iiicn by the Christians of the counlrey and other people which set themselues agaynst them,
and withstood his opinion, so that hee was oucrcome and vanquished of the Christians, and
almost halfe of his people slainc in the battell. Whereupon, the prophet seeing himselfe in
such extremitie, fell to his prayers, and they say, that God hauing com[)assion vpon his dcare
friend and prophet, heard him, and sent him infinite thousands of angels, wherewith return-
ing to the battell, ihey conquered and oiiercame the coiuiueroiir. .\nd therefore in memoric
of this xictorie, the Carouan IndgetU euery yeere one night in this place, making great bone-
fires with great mirih. \m\ they say that as yet there is heard vpon the mountaines a litle
dniinme, whidi wiiile the Carouan passeih, neiier ceaseth sounding. And they say further,
that tlie sayd druinnic is sounded hy the angels in sii;ne of that great victory graunted of God
lo their prophet. .Mso the .Maluinu'l.in vxritiiiiis allinne tl.:tt alter ilic eiule of the savd bat-

C n '2 ■ tell,

,1^' I

1^0

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I if : ; i: - !' <

) 11

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> •],.

'Ml i +; .

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

7'he j)ilgr. to J\Iecca.

tell, the prophet comtnaunded certainc of his people to goe and biiric all the Mahumctans
which were dead in the fields, who going, knew not the one from the other, bcraiisc as yet
they vsed not circumcision, so they returned vnto him, answering, that they had bene to doe
his commaundement, but they knew not the Musulmans from the Christians. To whom the
prophet answered, saying: Turnc againe, and all those which you shall (inde with their farps
downeward, leaue them, because all they are niisbclccuers: and the other which you shull
findc with their fates turned vpward, them burie, for they arc the true Nfiisulmani, and so
his commaundement was done.

The next morning by Sunne rising, the Carouan arriueth at Hedrihonem, in which place
euery man washeth himsclfe from foppc to toe, as well men as women, and leaning oil' their
apparell, hauing each one a cloth about their priuitics, called in their tongue Photaii, aru) an-
other while one vpon (heir shoulders, all which can goe to Mecca in this liabite, doe so, and
are thought to mcritc more then the other, but they which cannot doe so make a vowo to
sacrifice i Ranime at the mountainc of pardons; and after they bee washed, it is not lawfnll
for any man or woman to kill either flc? n." '-nvse with tlieir handes, neither yet to take them
with their nailes, vntiil thev haue accomplished tiic'r vowed orati^ms in the moiintaine of pir-
dons abouesay 1: and therefore they .'arv with them ccrtaine stirkes made <>rpnrp<ise in inan-
er of a Tile, called in their language \rca, Cassah Guch, with which they gnite their shouldcrv
And so the Carouan marching, commcth within twi miles ol Mecca where they rest that
niyht. In the mornit\g at the breakc of dav, with nli p(imi)e possible they set forward fow;ird
Afecca, and drawing neere therctin*.), the Sc'pho issucth Iborth of the ciiie with his guard, ar-
companied with an infinite iiun'.ber of peo|le, shouting and making great triumph. And he-
ing come out of the citie a bm.eshoote int > a (aire field, \Nhere a great miiltiitule of tents are
pitched, and in the middest the ])auilIioii of the captaine, >vho meeting with the Serifo, alter
salutations on each side, they lisrht frcir^i their horses and enter into the paiiillion, when
the king of Mecca depriuelh hiinselfe of all authoritie and power, and committeth the
same to the abouc named captaine, giuing him full licence and authoritie to commaund,
gouerne, and minister iustice during his al)oa<l in Nfecra with his company, and on the oilirr
side the captaine to requite this liheralilic v«ed lowanl him by the Serifo <;ineth him a garment
of cloth of gold of great value, with certainc ieuels a. id other like things, .\fier this sitting
downe together vpon carpets and hides they eale together, and rising from thence with i ir-
faine of the chiefcst, and taking with them the garment aiuLgate aboiiesayd, they goe <lirc( tlv
to the Mosquita, attended on but with a fcwe, and being entered, thev cause the olde in he
pulled downe, and put the ncwe couerture vpon the house of Abraham, and the olde vesture
IS the eunuchs which seruc in thesavdeMosquila, who after sell if vnto the pilgrime«iat foiircor
fiue seraiines the pike: and happy doth that man ihinke himselfe, which can get neuer so !|.
lie a piece thereof, to conseruc etier after as a most holy relique: and they sav, thai piittini;
the same vnder the head of a man at the houre of his death, through verluc thereof all hi<
sinnes are forgiuen. Also they take awav tlie old doore, setting in the place the new dnnre,
and the old by custome thev i;iuc vnto the Serifo. After hauing made their praiers with cer-
taine ordinarie and woonted ceremonies, the Serifo remainclh in the citie, and the captaine
of the pilgrimage relurneth vnto his pjuillion.

Of the Serifo the king of Mecca.

THe Serifo is descended of the prophet Mahomet l)y Fatma daughter of that good prophet,
and Alli husband to her, and soime in lawe to .Mahunict, who had no issue male, .sane this
stocke of the Serifo, to liie eldest sonne whereof the realine commeth l)y succession. This
realme hath of reuenues royall, euery yeere halfea million of golde, or lifle more: and all
such as arc of the prophets kinred, or descended of that blood (which are almost innumer-
able) arc called Kmyri, that is to say, lordes. These all goe ch)thed in greene, or at the
least haue their turbant greeiu-, to bee knowen from the other. Neither is it permitted that
any of those Christians which dwell or Irallique in their Countrey goe clothed in greene,
neither may they haue any thing of greene about ihein: for they say it is not lawfull for mis-

beleeucrs

Hc;r. to Mecca.

PUgr. to Mecca. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

tclcciiers to wearc that colour, wherein that great friend and prophet of God Mahomet was
woont to be apparelled.

Of ih" citie of Mecca.

Tile Citie of Mecca in the Arabian foij^ue is called Macca, that is to say, an habitation.
This citie i:i inuironed about with cxcet'i.ij; hij{h and barren mountaincs, and in the plaine
bctwcene the sayde mountaincs and the titie are many pleasant gardens, where groweth
threat abundaunce of fiir^cs, grapes, ajiplcs, and melons. There is also great abundance of
good water and floshc, but not of bread. This citie hath no walles about it, and containeth
in tirciiite line miles. The houses are very handsome and commodious, and are bnilt like to
the houses in Italic. The palace of the Serifo is sumptuous and gorgeously adorned. The
women of the place are courteous, iocund, and louely, faire, with alluring eyen, being bote
and libidinous, and the most of them naiightie packes. The men of this place are giuen to
that abhominable, cursed, and opprobrious vice, whereof both men and women make but
small account bv reason of the pond Zun Zun, wherein hauing washed themselues, their opi-
nion is, that althin'' h like the dog thcv returne to their vomite, yet they are clensed from all
xiniic wh.itsocuer, of which sin we will hereafter more largely discourse. In the midst of
the citv is v great .Mosquita, with tlio house of Abraham standing in the very middest thereof,
which Mosquita was built in the tinje when their prophet lined. It is foure square, and so
great, that it containeth two miles in circuit, that is to say, halfe a mile each side. Also it
is made i>; nianer of a cloister, for that in the midst thereof separate from the rest, is the
ahouesavd houxe ol .\bniham, also tlie galleries round about arc in maner of 4. streetes, and
the p.iriiiioii. wliich dinide the one street fntm the other are ])illars, whereof some are of
niublf, anil <i!h -r-i of lime and stone. This famous antl sumptuous Mosquita hath Di). gates,
and .1. steeple-, fnnn wlienie the Talismani call the people to the Mosquita. And the pil-
urimes wll.h are ni't prouided of tents, resort hither, and for more denoiion the men and
women lie together aloft and benealii, one vpO another, so that their hou.se of praier becom-
nirlh worse sometimes then a den of thicues.

Of the house of Abraham.

Tile house ii,~ .\brahain is also foure square, and made of speckled stone, 20. paces high,
.Mid 40 in (limit. .\nd vpon one side of this house within the wall, there is a stone of a
sp.iii long, and halfe a span broad, which stone (as they sav ) before this house was bnilded,
li'll dowiic from heanen, at the fail whereof was heard a voyce, that wheresoeuer this stone
fell, there should be built the house of G(kI, wherein God will hearc sinners. Morconer,
they say that when this stone fell from heauen, it was not blackc as now, but as white as the
whitest snow, and by re.xson it hath bene so oft kissed bv sinners, it is therewith become
biacke : for all the pilgrimes are bound to kis^e this stone, otherwi.se they cary their sinnes
home with them again. The entranir into this house is very small, made in maner of a
window, and as high from the ground as a man can reach, so that it is painful to enter. This
house hath without .'{|. pillars of brasse, set vpon cubike or square stones being red and
grecne, the which pillars sustaine not ought els saue a threed of copper, which reacheth
Irom one to another, whereunto are fastened manv burning lampes. These pillars of brasse
were caused to be made by Sultan Soliinan grandfather to Sultan .\nM'rath now Emperor.
Alter this, hailing entred with the dinPiculiie abouesayd, there stand at the entrance two pillars
(if marble, to wit, on each side one. In the midst there ..re three of Aloes-wood not very
thicke, and ( ouered with tiles of India of 1000. colours which seme to vnderproppe the Ter-
rat/.a. If is so da, ke, that they can hardlv see v»ithin for want of light, not without an euil!
smell. Without the gate fine pases is the abouesayd pond Zun Zun, which is that blessed
pond that the angell of the Lonl shewed vnto Agar whiles she went seeking water for her
»onn^ Ismael tu drinkc.

333

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Hl.SliJJ

i* .!■

\k\

v.ii k

I ■.:•/

'.'f:

33+

VOYAGES NAUIGATIONS.

The pilgr. to Mecca,

\>\

1-i

The moiimjint
•I* )'4rdv'iis.

Of the ceremonies of the pilj^rimes.

IN the besinning wo haiip sayd how the Mahumetans haue two feasts in the ycerc. The
one they rail Pascha A\ Rama/aco, that is to say, The feast of fasting, and this feast of fast-
ing is holdcn thirtie dayes alter the feast, wherein the Carouan trauelleth to Mecca. The
other is called the feast of the n^imine, wherein all they which are of abilitic are bound to
sacrifice a IJamme, and this thev r ill Bine Bairani, that is to say, The great feast. And as the
Carouan departelh frcvn t'airo thirtie dayes after the little feast, so likewise they come hithci-
line or sixe dayes belorc the great feast, to the ende the pilgrimes may haue time before the
feast to finish their rites and ceremonies, which are these. Departing from the Carouan, and
being guided by such as are experienced in the way, they goe vnto the citie twentie or thir-
tie in a company as they thinkc good, walking through a streete which ascendeth by Ijilc
and liile till they come vnto a certainc gate, whereupon is written on each side in marble
.«tone. Babel Salema, which in the Arabian toi, .ue signilieth, the gate of health. And from
this place is descried the great Mosquita, which enuironeth the house of Abraham, which
being descried, they reuerently salute twise, saying, Salem Alech lara sul Alia, that is tn
say. Peace to thee, ambassadour of God. This salutation being ended, proceeding on ilu-
way, they (inde an arche vpon their right hand, whereon they ascend (iue steps, vpon tlir
which is a great voyd place made of stone : after, descending other fine steps, and proceed-
ing the space of a flight-shoot, they finde another arche like vnto the first, and this way fmin
the one arche to the other they go and come 7. times, saying alwaies .some of their pravcrs
which ( they say ) the adlicted Agar sayd, whiles she sought .■>i)d found not water for her soniic
Ismael to drinke. This ccreinonie being ended, the pilgrim*... enter into the Mosquita, aiul
drawing neere vnto the house of Abraham, they goe round about it other sciien times, alwavis
.saying : This is the house of God, and of his seruant Abraham ; This done, they goe to kl^^l•
that blacke stone abouesayd. After they go vnto tiic pond Zun Zun, and in their apparcll
as they be, they wash themsclues from head to foote, sayin^r, fobah .\llah, Tobah .Ml;ili,
that is to say. Pardon Lord, Pardon Lord, drinking also of that water, which i.s both miiddic,
filthic, and of an ill saudur, and in this wise washed and watered, euery one returncth in
Ills pi.'- if abode, and these ceremonies euery one is bound to doe once at the least, lint
those which haue a mind to oucrgoe their fellowe.s, and to goe into paradise before the rcM,
doe the same once a day while the Carouan remaineth there.

What the Carouan doeth after hauing rested at Mecca.

The Carouan li.uiing abode within the citie of Mecca (iue dayes, the night before the eiicii-
ing of their feast, the captaine with all his company settcth forward towards the mounlaine of
pardons, wliic h the\ call in the Arabian tongue, label Arafata. This momitaine is di>l:iiii
from Mecca I."), miles, and in the mid way thereto is a |da(C called Mina, that is id say, Tlic
haucn, and a litlc from thence are 4. great pillars, o( which hereafter we will speake. Ndw
first touching the niouniaine of I'ardons, which is rather to be < ailed a lille hill, then a moun-
tain, for that it i» low, litlc, delightful and plea.saiit. containing in circuit two miles, andeiiui-
roned round about with the goodliest plaine that eiier with mans eie c(.iild be seen, and il.e
plaine likewise compassed vvith exceeding high mountains, in such sort that this is one of ihc
goodliest situations in the world: and it seemeth verily, that nature hath therein shewed all hir
cunning, in making this place vnder the imimtaiiie of pardons so broad and plea.saMt. \'|)(mi
the >ide towards Mecca there are many pipes cif water cleare, faire, and fresh, and aboiie all
most wholesome, falling down into ccrlaine \essels made of purpose, where the peiii)le re-
fresh and wash them.selues, and water their caltel. And when Adam and Luah were cast mil
of paradi.se by the angel of the Lord, the Mahumetans say, they came to inhabia- this liile
moiintaine of pardons. Also they sa\, that tliev had lost one another, and were .se|):irak'd
for the space oi 40. yceres, and in tiie end met at lliis ])la('e. with great iov & gladiie>^e,
and biiilded a litle hoii^e \\v\n the top of this mountaiiie, the which at this day they call iJiM
Adam, that is to sav, the house of Adam.

Igr. to Mecca.

The pilgr. to Mecca.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

335

or the three Carouans.

THe same day that the Caroiian of Cairo commeth to this place, hither come 2. Caro-
uans al-io, one of Dainasco, the other of Arabia, and in like maner all the inhabitants for ten
dayes iourncy round about, so that at one time there is to be seen aboiie '2(KXXX). persons,
and more the .S()0()0(). cattell. Now all this company meeting together in this place the
night before the feast, the three hostcs cast themselues into a triangle, setting the mountaine
in the midst of them : and all that night there is nothing to be heard nor scene, but gunshot
and (ircworkcs of sundry sortes, with such singing, sounding, shouting, halowing, rumors,
feasting, and triumphing, as is wondcrfull. After this, the day of the feast being come,
tiiey are all at rest and silence, and that day they attend on no other thing, then to sacrifice
oblations and jiravers vnto God, and in the euening all they which haue horses mount thereon,
and approch as nigh vnto the mountaine as they can, and those which haue no horses make
the best shift they can on footc, giuing euer vnto the captaine of Cairo the chiefe place, the
second to the c.iptaine of Damasco, and the third to the captaine of Arabia, & being all ap-
prochcd a-i is al)ouc<avd, there commeth a square squire, one of the Santones, mounted on
a camcll well furnished, who at the other side of the mountain ascendeth fuie steps into a
pulpit madi' for tlint purpose, and all being silent, turning his face towards the people he
niakcth a short sermon of the tenour (blowing.

The summe of the Santones sermon.

THc sninme of this doiddc doctors sermon is thus much in bricfe. He sheweth them how
many .tiuI how great l)i-iK'(its God haih giuen to the Mahumetan people by the hand of his be-
loucil fiiiMiil and prophet .Mahomet, hauing deliuered them from the seruitude of sinne &
IVnin iilnlalrv, in which bel'orc lime they were drowned, and how he gaue vnto them the house
(if.Mir.iham wherein ihcy should be heard, and likewise the mountaine of pardons, by meancs
whereof tlicv might obt^iine grace and remission of their sinnes: adding, that the mercifull
liod, who is a li!)erall giuer of all good tilings, commnunded his secretarie Abraham to build
him an house in .Mecca, where his suceessours might make their prayers vnto him and bee
lie.ird, at which time all the mountain." in the world came together thither with suflicicncie
of stones f( r building hereof, except that litle and low hill, which for pouertie could not go
to discharge this debt, for the which it became sorrowfull, weeping beyond all measure for
the space of thirtie yeeres, at the ende whereof the eternall God hauing pitie and compassion
vpon this poore Mountaine, saide vnto it: Weepe no more (mv daughter) for thy bitter
phiints haue ascended vp into mine eares, therefore comfort thy selfe : for I will cause all
those that shall goe to visite the house of my friend Abraham, that they shall not be absolued
from their sinnes, vnlesse they first come to doe thee reuerence, .nnd to keepe in this place
their holiest feast. And this I haue commandcil vnto my people by the mouth of my friend
.nnd prophet M.ihumet. This said, he exhorteth them vnto the loue of Ciod, and to prayer
and alines. The sermon being done at the Siinne-setting they make ',i. prayers, namely the
first for the Serifo, the second for the Grand Signior with his hoste, and the third for all the
people: to which prayers all with one voice cry saying; Amni la Alia, .\mni I;i .Mia, that
is to say. He it so I.ord, be it so I.oicl. Thus hauing had the Santones blessing and saluted
the Moiintaitic of pardons, they returiie the way they came vnto Mina, whereof wee haue made
mention. In returning at the end ef the plaine are the abouesaid 4. pillers, to wit, two on
ech side of the way, thr 'gh the mdst whereof they say it is iiecdfull that cuery one passe,
saying, that who so passcth without looselh all that merit which in his pilgrimage he h.id got-
ten. Also from the mountaine of pardons vntil they be passed the said pillers none dare
looke backwarti, for fcare least the sinnes which he hath left in the mountains returne to
him againe. Being past these pillers eueryone lighleih downe, seeking in this sandy field 50.
or 60. liile stones, which being gathered and bound in an handkerchill'e they carry to the
abouesaid place of Mina, where they stay .'>. dayes, because at that time there is a faire
free and frankc of al cusfome. And in this place are other 3. pillers, not together, but set

i I

;l i

1:% f

)■ .,r. *'.!

^I'l, )Ui<

Mi.

. It.

.'i,-{(i

(irida a p'
ueetr Mu

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The pilgr. to Mecca.

Thf P.)rtU!>U
iirfjtly tejrt-J iii
llic RcJ U'i.

r.irti-nr fftv
r th *hiiM anliif
y:crcly at Oud»,

ill (liners places, where (as their projiliet sailh) were the three apparitions whicli the diuel
iiiinlc vnto Abraham, and to Ismael his sonne; for anionjr^t them they make no mention of
Isaar, as if lie hail ncuer bene borne. So they say, that the blessed God hailing commanded
Abraham his i'aithfiill seniant to sarrilice his lirst be<;otlen Ismael, the old Abraham went to
do accordinjr to God's wil, and met with the infernal enemie in the shape of a man, and
bi'inj; of him demanded wiiither he went, he answered, tliat he went to sarriliie his sonnc
I«mai'l, as (iod had commanded him, A{;ainst whom the dinel exclaiming said : Oh dolinjr
old man, sith (Jod in thine olil ajj[e hath mariieilonsly j^inen thee tiiis son (in whom all nations
sh.ilbe blessed) wherefore fiiiiiiiij; cretlite vnto vainc dreames, will thou kill him whom so
much thou ha-.t desired, and so inlirely loued. But Abraham shakinj;; him of}' proceeded on
his wav, whereupon the diuel secin:; his words could not jireuaiie with the father attemjited
the Sonne, sayinj; ; Ismael, liaue re;;ard vnto thyselfc betimes in this tliiiif; which is so dan-
gerous. Wlierel'ore ? answered y childe. Because ( saith the diuel ) thy doting father scekcili
to take away thy life. For what occasion, said Ismael ? Because (saith the enemie) he saiili,
that Ciinl hath cominanded him. Which Ismael hearing hee tooke vp stones and threw at liiin,
saving, .Auzu billahi minal scia itanil ragini, which is to sa\ , I defend me withCiod from tlu-
diuel the olfcnder, as who would say, wee ought to obey the commandement ol (lod :Mid
resist tlie dinel with al our force. But to rcturne to our purpose, the pilgrimes durin;;
their ab(iad there goe to visite llu-se three pillers, tlniiwiiii; away the little stones which bclmc
ihev gathered, whiles they repeat the same words which thev say, that Ismail said to the ili-
lull, when lice withsionde him. From hence halfe a mile is a mountaine, wliitiier .Abrali.iin
went to sacrilice his sonne, as is al)oiiesaid. In this mountaine is a great den whither the pil-
grims re^ort in make their pra\ ers, and tiicre is a great stone naturaliv separated in the niiiNt ;
and lliev say, that Nniael, while his father Abraham was Inisie about the sacrifice, tooke llic
knife in h:ind to proouc how it would cut, and making triall diuided the stone into two |iail>.
The line davcs being expired, tiie cajitaine ariseth with all iheCarouaii, and relurneth aj;:iiiu"
to Mecca, where they remaine oilier line dayes. And while these rest, we will ire.it of ilu'
city and ])orl of Grida \pon the lied Sea.

OfGiida.

Tllerefore wee say that fiom Mecca to (Jrida iliev make two small daves iournevrainl
because in those |ila(es il is ill traueiling in the dav-lime bv reason of the great heat of the
Suiine, liierelorc they depart in the eiiening from Slecia, and in the morning before SuMiie-
risiii:; tluy are ariiueii lialle way, where there cerlaine habitations well fnriiisiu'd, and yocH
limes to lod^e in, but espcii:i|ly women \ noiigh which \oluntarilv bestowe their alines xpoii
the poore pilgrims: likewise departing the next euening, the mc ruing after, thev come vnto
Griila. fliis ritie is founded \pon the Ited Sea baiike, enniroiied with wals fcc towers to lIu-
land-ward, but throngli < (inliniiani e of time almost lusiinied and wasted, on the side to sea-
ward it st.niils Miwallcil. (.'rida hath lliree gates, one on ei he side, .iiiil the thiiile in the
midst towarde the land, which is (ailed the |)ort of Mecc.i, neere viilo which are (inr 7.
'fiirks \])()n tlu- old towers for yuard thereof with fniire f.iiiii oils \ pon one of the corners of
the lily to the land-ward. .\No to sea-ward where the w.ill iovnelhwith the water, llirrc
is l.itely m.uie a fort like \ntn a luilw.irke, wi.ere tliey liaiie pl.inlcd 2.» jiieies of the Ix^l
ordin.iiiie tli.it might be had, which are \ery well kept and guarded. .More ouiward towards
the sea \pnii the larlhest olde tower are other fiiic ;;ood pieces with '.iO men to gn.ird llieiii.
On the oilier side of the city at the end of the wall there is lateK biiilded .1 biilwarke stmni;
and well gu.inled by a Saniaciho willi 1.'>I) I'lirks wcl prouided with oidinance and all olliri-
lieccss.irie^ and niunition, and all these lorlilviiius :iie for none other cause then lor feare ami
sus|)ition of the I'orlugals. .And if the port were ;;ood all this were in vaine: but the piTt
' cannot be Wor«e nor more ilangen i|s ; being all lull of rocks and sands, in such wise, lli.il
tiie ships c.iniiot c^ mr neere, bill perlon e ride .it the least twn miles olf. At this port ariiiie
cilery Neere lorly or liltv great shijipes Liden with spices and other rich man haiidi/e wliiih
ycclii in custonie 1J(KMJU ducats, the halfe whereof goeth vnto the Grand Signior, and the

oilier

gr. to Mecca.

The }>ilii)'. to Mecca.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUF-RIKS.

oilu'i- liiilfc to the Sorifo. And bcrausc thorc iii none oilier tliinji; worthy nit'iuion in Grida
wc wil rcliinir to our ('anninn which hath almost rested enough.

or their going to Medina.
TIIc f'.irouan departeth for Mrdina returning the same way they came vnio Hcdrihoneni
;il)i)iie-:iv(l, where thev leaiie their ordiniuu e and other cariageM, wiicrcor tiicy haue no need,
willi the pilyiims vviiich haue seene Medina aroretimc, and desire not to see it againe, but
si.iv ill liiat place, e\pe( ting tlie laroiuin, and resting vntill the rarouaii go (V.iin liediihonetii
to Afediiia, wliere thev aiwayes (inde go; dly liabitations, witli abniulaiice of sweet waters,
;ui(l il.itcs enough, and being within louicteeiie miles of Medina they come vnto a great plaine
called by them I.diel el salema. that is to .say, the moiintaiiie of iicalth, from which they iiegiii
to (lescrv the city ami lombe of Mahomet, at which sight they light from their horses in token
of lenerence. .Vml being ascended \|) the-.iyd nioiinlainc with shouting which i)iercetli the
-kies tlu'v sav, Sala iiuia salema .'\lac( ha laiali sul .\llah, .Sala tuna Salema Alaccha lan.dii
All;ih, Sala tun.i Salema .Mlaccha lahabit .Mlah : which words in the Arabian tongue signide :
I'ravcr and hc.dth be Mito thee, oh |)ropln I of (iod : |)r.iver and health be \|)on thee, oh be-
liiicil of (Jod. And hailing pronounced this ^ahitadon, they proceed on their iourney, so
tli;,t thc\ li (Ige thai nijit within three miles of .Me<lin:i: and the next morning the ea])taine
■ '•'I'u- pilgrimage ariseih, iV proceeding towards the city, and drawing iieere, there cumineth
LMiiurnour viulcr the Seril'o, accompanied with his people to receiue the ("aroiian, hau-

thc

ini: pilclic(

their Icnl^ in the luiiUt ol

a goodlv (ield where they lodge.
Of Medina.
MI'.<lii,;i i- a lilllc ciiv of oriMt antiquity, conlainiiig in circuit not aboiie two miles, hailing
therein iuit one ia>lle, which is oldc and weake, :;uarded bv an Aga with (ift\ pieces of ar-
tilhiK, but not \crv guDiJ. fhe houses thereof are faire and well situated, liuilt of lime and
^l.'iie, and in llu- midst of the < ily stands a l'oiiies<|uare .Mosquita, net so great as that o\'
Mecc.i. bill nine gomlly, rich, and ~iiinpliious in buildint;'. \\'illiin the same in a corner
liicicnf is a toinbe built \i)on fouie pillers with a vault, as if it were vnder a pauemeni,
whii h bihdith all the foure ])iliers together. 'Hie tombe is so hii;|i, iIkii it lane exceed-
( ih m lieiuhlh the .\Ios(|uit:i, biiiig coiiered with lead, ;uid the t(>|) all inanulled with gtdde,
\\illi ail halfe nioone vpon the top: .ind within the paueinent it is all \er\ artiliciallv wrou"ht
with go'dc. Helow there are roundabout very gre.it staircs of vron asi ending v|) vntill the
midst of the pillers, and in the very midst thereof is buried the bo<lv of >[ahoniet, and not
ill .1 che.-.t of yron cleaning to the adamant, a-, iiuun aflirme that know not the tnieth thereof.
Mdreniier, ouer the body they haue built a to r.be ol -pci kled stone a|i brace and an halfe lii'di, |i
and oner the same another of I.egmaine foiires(|uare in mancr of a jixiamis. Alter this,
nnind abi ill tiie scpult..re there hangcth a c;;il.iine of silke, which letteth the si^ht of those
willii'Ut that the\ (.laiut -ee the -epultnrc. Ilc\ond this in the sanu' Mosquit.i :irc other two se-
piili lire- ( oiieicd with grcene ( l.iih, and in the one of them is buried T.iliiia the daughter of
\I.ih"nut, and .\Hi is burii d in the other, who w. is t!ie husband of the s.ivd I'.itma. The at-
iciul.inis \ jii'ii these sepulchre- are fifty eii.uiclu's w!iile and tawnv, neitlu r is it oranted to ail\
uf them to enter within tlu' tninlie. snuin;', to i!n-ee xvhite eiinuelics the oldest and l)c\st of
iredit; \nto whom i* islawfiill to enter but twise in lli;' da\ , to linlit the liinps, and to doe
; ihi r SI ruii cs. All the other eunuchs atleiu! wiiliniit to the srriiii c of ilu' \Ios(jiiii;i, and the
' tlicr iw'isepuh lires oC T.itma, and .\lli, w!i( re euers cm- mas go and i.ukIi .it his iileasure,
nd t.ike of the earth fordcuotioll, as m.inv do.

Of thiims wiiliMiil the ('it\ .
\\ Ith.nit the citv and on euerv side are most I'.iire gardens,
sweet w.iter, iiilinile p<indes, abundance id' fruit, with imic h
N \trv pleasant and deli'ihtl'ull. This < itv huh three iritc

to this eiiipcrtair

VOL. 11.

It.

hath nought el
\ \

33T

Or, .1 I'lthom.

Willi innin lountaines ol most

U'licst liuiiii;, so that this place

s, one of which is an hospital!

auscd to be built bv (',iss;ii lii. i .illed the Kose. who w.is wile to Sultan Soliman grandi'ather

pitall liitli nought els wo. irthy mention, sane that it is fairely

built,

I Wi . til , -,

7JJW

338

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The pilgr. to Mecca.

V t •;

' ('

.1/,

! '

', ■ i

■ \'y

\h * '\"l\^'i

\ ■ \

built, and Iiatli lar<;o rriicniies bclonj^iiiji; thereunto, and nouri.sheth many poore people. A
mile from the rity arc cerlainc housen whcreol" they aflirme one to be the same, where Ma-
hiimet in his lifetime dwelt. This house huth on euery side very many faire date trees,
amon^^st which there are two whith f;row out of one sfocke exreeding high, and these, Ihcv
say, their Prophet grafl'ed with his owne hand: tlie fruit thereof is alwayes sent to Constanti-
nople, to be presented vnto the Grand Signior, and is sayd to be that blessed friiii of ih,.
I'rophei. Nere vnto the date trees is a faire fount.iine nf eleere and sweet water, the whldi
by a conduit pipe is brought into the rity of .Medina. .\lso there is a little Mosquita, wherein
three places are counted holv, and grcatlv rcuerenccd: the first they altirme, that their I'ni-
phet made his first pravor in, after he knew (iod : the second is that whither he went
when he would see the holv house of .\brahain, where wlien he sate downe to that in-
tent, they say the mountaines opened from the toppe to tlie bottome f" shew him the
house, and after closed againe as before: the third holy place is in the midst of the
sayd Mosquita, where is a tonibc made of lime and stone louresipiare, and full of saiul,
wherein, they say, was buried that blessed camell which M:ili:imel was alwayes woont i,,
ride vpon. On the other side of the city are otiier tombes of holv Mahumetans, .mni
euery one of them hath a tonibe built v]ion foiire j)illers, anioi'gst which tliree were ijic
companions of Mahumet, to wit, .Xbubacar, Ottoman, and Omiir; all wiiicli are visited of
the pilgrims as holy places.

The ofTering of the vestures \nto th.- sepulchres.

The {'arouan being come to Medina two lioures before d.iv, and resting there till the euon-
ing, the < aptaine then with his C(Mn|)an\ .ind ntlicr |)ilu'riMis sciicili forw.ird, with the great-
est |)ompe j)ossibli': ;iMd t. iking with him tiieve-tiire which i> made in miner of a pvraini,,
with manv other of goKle and silke, de| nrteth, going thoidwilie iiiiiUt of the city, \iiiiil hi;
eotne to the MoMiuita, where h.iiiing jiraied, lie |)iescntclh \ iito the t< nilie of his propli<>t
(where the euniu lis rci ciiiing liaiuU are reads ) the vrsiiire for the s;i\<l tomlie: and certainc
eunuchs entring in lake away the old \e.siure, and ! iv on the new, Iniriiing the olde one, ;in(l
dinidiiig the golile thereof into cijiiall portions. After this are presented other \estures fx:
the ornanieiit of llie .Mo'-cjim.i .\Uo iIk- peo|)le without deiiuer \nto tlu- eunuchs cch mini
.soniewli;it to touch t!.e tomlie therewith, wliit h they kce|je as n reliqiie with great deiiotion,
This cerein' nv Icing eiiiled, the capt liiie ristethin Medina two days, to llie end the pil-
grims ma\ (iiii-li llie r ilciiotioii and ( < remoiiiis; :ind after thev depart to lainix r. .\ ;;( ml
(la\ es ii iirtiev llieiice is ;i sieepe iiiouMlaiiie, (iicr wliicli is no p.i«s.ige, sauiiig bv one narnnv
palli c.iilid Demir C^ipi, uliiili was in times pa-.t tailed the \ ron gate Of tiiis gate the .\I:i-
humi tans s;i\ , ih.it ,\||y the (iiiipanion and soniie in law of .M.ilinmet, being lure piir-iied
by manv Christi.in-, and c'niniii.g vnto this mounl:iine, nut seeing .niv way whereb\ to (lee,
drew out his ^wtiI, and strikin;^ the said in< imtaine, diuided it in sunder, and passing tlionni
saued his life on tl-.e ellu r -id<' Moreoiu r. this .\lli among thi Persians is h.ut in greater
reiiereiii e th.iii M.hiumet. who afliriiie, thai the sayd .Mii h.ith done greater things and more
inir.ii ii'( u« lluri .\I.'!iiiiiiet, ami llierefore toev esu i me him foi(ri d almightv his fellow, lint
10 reliirni:- l^i our iiia'tcr, the (aptaine \^illl the ( .irocaii within txui daves afttr rcturiietli lor
Cairo :ind coinmiiig to l/.h-in. Iinlelh llirre a c.ipt.iiiie \>ali tliree-iore horses ( iniie lliiiiier
to bring refi I shnuir^ to the -aid i apt line of the piLrimage, as aNo to sell \ nto the pilMriiiis
some \iitii.ds I'lori llietice l!ie\ set forward, and comiiiiiig to Hirca within two leagues ol
Cairo, liiere i- li.e nia-ti r of the hou«e of the lia-sha of Cairo with all hi-, horsemen come
thither to nccii.e liiin with a smnptu us and costiv h.iiiket made at the co-t of the H.isha lor
the laptaine and his letiniie, who after he is well relic-hed departeth toward tiie castle ol
Cairo to s.diile the Hasha, who retciiiiHi; him with '.;reat ioy ind glailnr—e in token if go d
wil pM'sei.ieth him with a garment of i l.th of g- hie verv rich: a'ld the captaiiie 'ikiig the
All a;( II (Hit of the i hcsl [)re«' iilclli it to the Ha-:i;i, who haoin;; kis.imI it, ( onimaiKletii to In
it vp -.gaiiK'. S me there are whii h aliiruic, tl.al In ing arr tied at Cairo, thev kill that uoodiv
cainell which c;iried the .Mcdidii, and eatehiin; wliicn is nothing 'o: Icr tliey are so super-
stitious

ijT. to Mecca.

M. Casar Fndcrick.

TltAFFIQUKS, AM) DISCOHERirS.

339

Our Frede-
ricke traucUcd
ci(;ht«-eiic ycerei
in tlie luit In-
dies.

stitioiis to ihc contrary, that to gaiiir alt the world tlicy would imi kill him. But if by ca!>iialty
he HJioiild die, in this case happy and blessed they ihinkc iheniseiiies, which can pet a morsell
to cat. And thus miuh C(<nccrnin!> the voya;jc of the captaine of thccarouan of Cairo

The voya^jc and irauell ol' M. C'lesar I'rcderii ke, Marchant of X'enice, into the East
India, and Ijcyond the Indies. Wlurein arc contcincd the cuHtomes and riles
of those cdiuilrio, (he nierchandiso and coniinoditics, as well of golde and .>,il-
ncr, as s|)i(<'-, drn<;;,'('s, pearlcs, and other icwcis: trans!ate<l out of Italian bv
M. Thomas Hickocke.

Cajsar I'redcritkc to the Header.

I IIauin<; (fjeiille Header) Icr the space of ei^hlecne yeeres continually <-oasted and Ira-
uelled, as it were, all the Kast Indies, and n\any other counlrcys beyond the Indies, wherein
I haue had both ^;ood and ill succcssc in my irauels: andhauinv; scene and vnderstood inanv
thinj;N wdorlhs the noting, and to be knowcn to all ilie world, the which were neuer as yet
written ofanv: I thought it good (seeing the Alniightv had giuen ine grace, after so long
perils in pas-ing such a long \ovage to relume into mine owne countrey, the noble city of
Venice) I s;i\, I thought it good, a.> briefly as I could, to write and set forth this vovage
made bv me, wilh the maniellous things I haue scene in my tranels in the Indies: The
mighty Princes that goucrne those coinilreys, their religion and failh that they haue, the
rites and custdnics which they vsc, and line by, of the diners successe that happened vnto
me, and how manv of these counircvs are aboui.dinu with spices, drugs, and iewels, giuing
also pri'lilablc ailuerliseincnl to all iho^e that haue a desire to make >>uch a vovage. .And be-
cause that tlie wliiile world ma\ nnire ciimniodiouslv rei(p\ce at this my trauell, I haue caused
it lo be primed in lhi> order: and now I pre>ent it vnlo \ou (gentle & louing Header-) to
wlv'ui for the varieties (if thiuy-. hecrein cdiiieined, I hope that it shall be with great delight
receiiied. And iluis(iod of his gi)o,lne-se l.ee|)e voii.

A \oyage to the F.;i>-t Indies, and be\ond the Indies, iK:c.

IN ihe ycrc of our Lord (ohI l.'iti.'J, I Cesar Frcdcrii ke being in A'cniie, and \erv desirous
to sec the r.;i>t p.irls of llie world, shipped jny sclfe in a shippc called the Gradaige of Ve-
nice, with cerlaini- marchandise, goucrncd by M. lacomo Vaiica, which was l,ound to ("v|)rns
with his >hip, with whom I weni: and when we were arriiied in rv|)rus, I left tSat ship, and
went in a Ic-.-er lo 'I'ripolv in Sori.i, wi.ere I stayed awhile. .Afterward I tookc m\ ioiirnev
lo .Alcpn, imd there I ;h <]ua:ntcd my scllc with marchaiils of Anreni:!. and .Moores, lh;il
were mart haiit<, ami iciisorled to go with ihcm tn Onnus, and wee di pailccl I'ri.in Alepo, and
ill two dayes ioiiriie\ and a halfe, wee came to a (il\ called liir.

Of the city called Bir.

HIr is a sm;ill iil\ vcrv scar>eof :ill maner of siduaU, ar.d nere \\.U> t'.c walle- of the ciiy
runneth the riucr ol I ipKr.iiis. In tlii« ciiv ihe m:u( liaiits diuide liieiii-ciiu"- int" cnnipanio,
according to ihiir men lianili-c lli;it llu \ haue, and there either lhe\ bii\ i r ni.ike a boat to
tarry them :uul tiieir gootls tc H.ibv Ion ilnwne the riuer Euplu'atcs, wilh t h,.rge tif a i'ia->tcr ^^^ „,„ ^^j,.
anil inarincr-i to c<iniluct the boat in the vo\:ige: ihcsc- boats are in :i miner Hat boilomcd, phratts.
\ci ihcy be very strong; ami for all that ihcy are so strong, they will serue but lor one
Miv.ige. I'hev are made actonling to the sholtlncsse of the riucr, becimse that the riuer is
in tnany plates lull t)l great stures, width I'.rcillv hinder .mil trouble ihiisc i;iat goe tlowue
the riucr. Thesi- l)(i:its si-nit- but for t)ne \o\a'.^c dnwne the riucr \nloa \ill;ige called Felu-
iliia, because it is impossible lo bring them \p ihc riuer backe againe. ,\t Fehichia the
man hauls plot ke their boats in pieces, (T else sell iheni lor a small price, for that at Bir
they tost the mart hauls Inriy tir liftv chickens a piece, and ihev scl them at Feluchia for F.iuchi.i .i snuii
hcuen t)r eight thickens a piece, because thai when the marchants returne from Babylon ''">'"" ^"•
backe againe, if they haue man huiuli.se or got)ds that oweih cusltmic, then they make their

The iiithrturs
gttm.! fi» VcnicP
to Cyvtits and
Triprly.

rhl

\ \

relume

i »I

I m^ ' \

nv>"'t'v

I. ^

J'.

/?40

Moiiil

Tlie Ar..t>Mrt
theiurr att in

Tl.c c IJr Hiby
ion halh ^irat
tr^tlc »' n'.^r-
chami ilUl.

Abridge midr
of b04ll.

\OYAGF,S, NAUIOATIONS,

M. Cersai' hWdirick.

rcMirnc in Toriv <I:ut< thnrow the wildcrnc'^Mi', |)a>miii;j; tli:it way with a j;rr;tt clraje lesser
chiirjjrs ihcn liu- oilier wav. Ami it' ilicv liiiie imt marclinulisc iliat nwflli ciKlDine, ijien
llipv fi(H' 1)V the wavcif Mosiii, wlu-ro it lo^li-ili tlicin urcil cIi;ii;:(n Imtli the Carouaii uiuI
KiiniJaiu. I'nun liir wliero tlic inanlianls imbarke tluMns(l\es to l''eliuliia oner against Rn-
h\liiii, I r till- riiiiT liaiic .t;()od store of water, tliev sliail nia»r tlu-ir voyage in (il'teene or
c'iulili'ciic (layos dowiif lIu- rincr, ami it' the water l)e loue, and it hatli not rained, tlieii it
is nun li trouble, and it will lie forty or (ifty dayes ionrney d' wne, beeanse that when tlic
barks strike on tlie stones that be in tlie riiier, then tlie\ ni.>l\nlade tliein, wimli Is j;i(.;it
trouble, and then lade ihetn ai;aine when they ham- memled them: therefore it is not nei cs.
■•arv, neither doe the inartiiani- ;;o with one boat alone, but with two or three, that if om
boat split ami be lost wilii -tiikinu on tlie sholde-. they Mia\ haiio another ready to lake in
their j;oods, vntil^mh tnne as they liane mended llie broko boat, and if they draw the
broken boat on land to mend her, it is hard to defend her in ihe nijjht from the fjreat nudii-
tiide of Arabians that will coiiu- downe there to r(d)lf you: and in the riiiers eucry nij;lii,
Avhen y(Mi ni ike fast vonr boat eo the bam keside, you inunl keepe nood watf. against ih,-
Arabians whiih are theeues in lumiber like to ants, \cl when they eoine to robbe, they will
not kill, but steale \- runaway. llar<|uebn/.es are \er\ jjocd \\e:i|)ons anainst them, lor
that ihev siand <;reall\ in le.ire of the shot. And ;is you piisse the ricier I'.nphrates from jiir
to reliM Ilia, there arceertein plaees wiii(h \on must |);i>se by, where \(.u p:iy custonie (ci-
taiiic medine.s viion a b.ile, whii h ( nsioine is bilonj;iii;; to the soniie of .Mxirise kin;; of the
Arabians and (if the tlcscrl, wlui iialh eertaine ( ities and xilLn^eson the riiier I'luphrales.

I'j'liii hia and lkib\ Ion.

FF.hichia is a \ill.ij;e where llie\ th;it come from liir doe \nbarke tliemselue"- and vnl.hli'
■ their jjoods, and it is dist;mt from n:ibylon a dayes ionrnry and an luiHe bv l.nid: Habylon \*
no ;;rent litv, but it i» \er\ ])o[)iilons, and of gre;it trade of stranger- because it is a f;ri;ii
thorowf.ire for I'er-ia, liirki:i. and .\rabi:i: and very often times there goe out from theme
C'aron:ins into diners coiintn-N-: and the city is \erv copious of viriuaN, which conime (Jiit
of .•\rnieni:i downe the riner of 'l'\ j:ri>, on cerl:iiiie Z:ilt.ires or K.ille-. made of bloweii liido
or skiiines called N'trij. 'flii^ riiicr T\ ^'ris (lojtii wa-h the w.ille- of the cilv. These li;i|li,
are Ik nnd f;i«t lo<;ellier. and then they l;iy board- o\\ the :iforesn\il blowen skiniu-, ;ind dii
the boards tliev hide the comniodilii"-, and >o ( ome ihev to Hiln ion, where thev \nlade thrm,
and bein;,' \nl.i(l<'n, thev let >uil the winde oni ol the -kinne-, and l.ule them on cainiiU'l> in
make another voyage. Tiii» < ii\ of l?ab\ loii is -itnaie in the kiiif;donie of IVrsi.i, but now
j;iuer'ied bv the Turks. On tlu' other side of the riuer lo\v:irds .\ra!)ia, oner a^'ainst ihi-
eitv, there is a faire place or towne, and in it ;i faire Haznrro for niarch.its, with \erv main
lodnili;;'., where ihe ;^realest part i\[ the m:irch,ints sir:inu'ers whii h come to Habvlon do lie
"ilh their iii,ir(h.ni(li/e. Ihe p:issin^ oner In ;;ri- from l'i,ib\ h ii to this 1!< rouuh is bv :i Inn^
hriilL;e nuulc <•( hi te- ( h;iiiied toL;etlu'r with i.Mi:it (h.iiiie-: prouidi-d, lh.it when the riiKT
w;i\cth j.'re:it with the ;ibundani e ol raine that filleth, llien th(\ open the bridiie in the mid-
<lle, where iIk one halfe of the liridye lalleth to ilu' w;illes ol I!ab\ h ii, :iiui the other to the
brinks oj this Hon n^h, on the oilier side of the riner: and as hni; :is the bridi;i' is open,
thev passe ihe riuer in -ni:dl bo:its with j.;re;it danger, bei aiise of the smalnesse of the bivils,
and the ouerladiii^ of them, that with the lierceness*' of the streanic thev l>e oncrthroweii, or
j'js the streame doth rarv them aw;i\ , so that by this ine:ines, manv people are lost and
drowned; this ihin;^ bv proole 1 liaiie ni;iiiy times seenc.

Of the towc r of Habylon.

'file fower of Nimrod or Hahel i-. siinate on thai side of Tvijris that Ar:ibi:i is, and in .1
very 'jre:it phiine distant from H:il)\ Ion senen or eiuht niile«.: which tower is ininatdl 011
euery side, :inil with the hillini; of 11 there is made a ureal mount, line: so th.it it hath iio
forme ai all, \ei there is a j^reat part o( it standiiiL',, whii h is ((jmp:i»sed and almost eonercd
with the afore-ayd falliiijrs: this Tower was builded and made of foiire sipiare Ikickes, which

Ijrickcs

1/. Ccuir Frederick.

THAIIKiUIvS, AND DISCOUKRIES.

liif'- and viil.i.lc
iiul: Ibl)) Idii :<
W.V it is a j;rt;ii

il)ia i-i, nnd in ;i
:T !•< miiiaud nii
lliat II hath im
1 almovt ci'iicrc'l
; lUitkcs, whii h
Urickc^i

Uricki'H wore made orrarlh, and dried in ihc Simno in innnrrnnd Ibrmc following: first they Th«w idcki b«
laved a lav of Uiickcs, thru a iVfal made of Canes, square as the Hriekes, and in stead of ""'"'•''""'*
liitu', they (iaiil)ed it with earth; llic-^e Mats ol Canes arc at this tunc so siroiij;, that it is n mj 4 i<x>i & •
thin;; wiioiuh-rhii! to Ijeimlde, beiiii; of such j;reat aiiti<|uit\ : I iiaiie );<)iie roiiiul almul it, •"''• "i"""'

I haiie lint louiul any place where there iiath bene any doorc or entrance: it inav be in

:iii(

m\ Kuln<'ini'ii

t in circuit about a mile, and rather lesse th

en mure

rhi>. Tower in ell'eci is contrary to all other thinj;- which are seeiie .ilarotV, lor

iie\ -eemc

•'111:1

\' the more ncre a man eoinmeih to ihem the bi>;uer they be: but lliis tower afar olV
I'emith a \ir\ fjrcMt ihinn, and the ncrer you come to it the h'sser. My iiidjjeiueni iSc rea-

lli.il bet :Mise the Tower is set in n verv "TvaX iilaine, and h.illi

liollt to

m:ik

e anv shew sauinu; the mines of it which it hrdi made round about, and lor
this re<|)i'( t deMr\iiiL; il :i i'arre oil) that i)ie( e of the Towci which yet staiuleth with the
iiioimialne th:it i" made of the sub^taiuc that hath lalicn Iroin it, makcth a greater shew then
Nou shall linde comiiiin^' neere to it.

Hab\ Ion and Rasnra.

FKoin n:ibylon I departed for Hasora, shipping my sclfe in one of the barks that \^p to ro
in the riuer Tiuris Irom liabvlon to Hasora, and I'roin Rasora to Rabylon: wliidi barks arc
made alter the maner ol' ImwIs or Cialliots with a Speroll and a couered poope : tliey haiic
no |i!i'i\pe in ihem because of (he '.^real abundance of pitch which llie\ haiie to |)il< h ihein
with all: wliiih pilch ihev h.uie in ainiiulancc two da\e» ioiirncy IVom llalnjon, Nere \:ilii
the riiur i.iiphralt's, there is a city called lleil, nere \nto which t ily there i- a ureal plaiiie
lull III' pitch, \crv maruell lis l.i beholde, and a ihinj; :dmcKt im rediblc. lh:it out ol' :i hoh

ill ihc- earth, which coiitimnIK throweth out pilch into the aire with ccinliiniall sinoak(

this

■||inll,)lt«lKl-r

lit ,riini'lli lliH

jiilch is ihrowen with mcIi lore c, that bein;; hot il lalleth like ai it were opriiic kled ourr all'

llie pi.iine, in sue h abuiuiance that the plaine is alw lyes lull cd' pitch; liie Mores and the

Ai'.ihi.ins of th;ii place -as. thai ihit lule is the mouth c I' hell: and In Iriii'th, it is a liiiiif,'

\er\ notable to be- marked; ,ind by ihi- pilch the whole p;'.i|)le h:iue ;.',real benelit to |)it( h i-stcih. ,v th

ritiirKth nitiitlie
^■|llr) or (laiiil
■ vtt tlicjiittli

llicn I'.ir'n

which bark- ihev call I):incck and .Sallin. Whin ihe riuer

1 N "rN i> well re-

iileni-hcd with w.iter, \cu iniv p;i'>-e from H.ib\ Ion to Ha^or.i in cij;hi < r nine ilave-', .nul i"rii"'"i jiiJ

-I'liit limes more .inci snmrliines les-c wo were hall'e -ii much inorr whicli i-. I ♦ or l.i claic

cc;iu^c' the w.iiers were

lliev m;iv s;iile dav i^ niuhl, ;inil there

till- wav where \oii |ia\ -o m in\ niiilins on .1 b.iili ; il the water-

lie lowi', II I-

pl.icc.- in
|Sd;i

lukrtl) .,11 tli«

rrc i,r.u.liiih
ith tlir nmcll ,
'pilill M.abi

iDuriif'

111

1 \' ra IS a c lU i I ihe .\r;ibians, whic h c I' olde lime was n^iueriicd \i\ iIum' .Ar.ibi.m- called

/a/

11 1|, but now 11 1-

ihc i;re.il 'iurl

le k

eepcni .111 arinv lo

Ml Zi,

• nt I'd I'l

The .\r.il)i:iii'

I'll Zi/;iri| haiic llie po-sc

^lon ol' .1 ureal

couiire \, .Kill taniiol he nucr-

loiiit 111 the Turke, bee aii>i' that llie -c. h;ilh diuiileil llicir counlrev inlo;in Hand 1"\ c li;iniifi

»ilh the ebliiiiu and ilowinu of the -c

id I'c

■• that 1 .luse Ihc

lurk

c c.iiin. t liriiiij

■o^air.-l ihcm, neclher bv sea nor bv l;uid, and :inolher rea-on is, ihe inli.il)il;inls nllhat Hand
;irc verv siroii;!; and warlike men. A dayes iourney beftire vtm come It) Hasora. you shall
liaue a little ca>tle or lurt, whii h is mJ on th.ii point td the land where the riuer- ol I'.iiphrates

id T'

ins me

et tonetlur, aiul the ca-ile is called Corna; at this point, llie Iwn riuers make •V'"^^-'"''"'''

strolls jjre.it riuer, that runneih iito the sea, which i> t ailed tin unl'e of I'er-ia, whit h

L'unij ilii-
l';ul>lir.ili'i M\A

\> low.iri
Iratle of

South:

isoni IS di-tanl iioni the sea lilteeiie mile

d II

IS a citv o

,, I'^t^J Tyt'iisdo liutt.

spices and clrii'.:"es whicli cnnic liiiiu Oriniis, Also ihei

;rc.it store ol come.

id Dii

e-., wliic II llie t (lunir

Oriiu

urds

id -o we -.11 led 1 1

ev dolh veelil. I shipped inv scH'e

Iki

isora to uo lor

irow

the 1

cTsiaii

se.i siv hundred miles, vvhich is the distance

Id On
>r rope

and ViC -.iiled in small 'hips made ol bo.iix!

lis, bi

ound together with >m;

III!

II Otnms 11 Tttr
'' ' iMrrriicst Il.iiid

s, and in stead of c.dkiiij^ t icy lav betweeiie euerv iKiard ccrtaine straw whic h """ i*" ""'!<•■

thcv

I y

r ii

111;'. %

(I'"' t t i

' ,' .•

1 '

yOYACJI'.S, NAUICATKWS,

^^. Ciffar Fralrilcl. .

r4ikliii inllaiiJ
III y' |uir< of
Willi.

Oiiniii II al-
w lyr^ ffjilciiiih'
•J with jliDnJ*
«iur ofvktuaU,
aiij yrt tliric it
noiif that tfnm.
riliin iliellinil.

(Itrit liJ'Uaf
iiiruhinJiK III
Ormiti*

The tteclion of
■ III kiiigul Ui-
mui.

A piiuilfjf lu
Marchami.

Oiu,

Cimbiietu.

ihcy liaup, and ho (Iioy nov/c hoanl iinil hn.iril ti)};rthrr, v\iili llic »lraw hctwcrnr, wlirrrthn-
row llicrc roimnclli iiuul) \v;iler, and lln'v au' \ory (l.iii'iciiui-t. Drpiiriinjf Irom H,i„)r,i uc
|)aisr(l 'i(M) inilcH wieli the sra on mir rinlil liaiid, alotii; ilic jiuirr, viDil ,it lciii;lh wp arriiinl
at an IlamI ( .ilird Carithij, fro wlifie we »ail((l In Oriniii in -(i^lif ol llx- I'rr^ijii „\wrr oi,
ihf left xide, :md on ilic ri>;ht xidc towards Aral)ia wc dixrouiTcd inlinile llandn.

OrntiH,

OUnuK it an Hand in tirniit line and iwcniy or lliirly n)ilri, and it m llu- harrcncM .itul
moot drie Hand in all tlie uorlil, hccun-c lliat in it lliere ii nollnnj; to 1k' liail, lini -alt wai<r,
and wood, all other tiling* nccr^Nary for mans life ;ire broujjlit out ol I'crsia Iwclne niilo c |>.
and onl of other llandi neere thereunto adiov nin;;, in siiih aliuiid.inie and i|uanlii\, th.it the
eilv in alwaves r(|)leni>.hed with all inancr of -.tore; there i< «l,iiulin'4 neire snio the wain,,
»ide a verv faire lasiell, in the which tin' capiaine v( the kin^^ ol I'oitiinall is al«aye< rv>[-
dent with i nood hand of l*ortM^.dle>i, and before ihi-. i .isiell is a >ery fain' prosjied; m t|„.
eilv dwell the niaried men, souldiers and man hauls of eiuTx nalinu. amiitj;-! whom (here
are .Moorcs and (ienlile.s. In this eilv there is \er\ ureal tr.ide lor .dl Miris ol «pi( es, drii;4.;c.^
xilke, I lolh I'f «ilke, linx ardo, and diners oilier hurts of inarehandise eome out of Persi.i
nnd amiiui;sl all olhrr trades of ^U'^ehandi^<^ the trade of Horses is very i;reat there, which
thev carry from thence into the Indies This Hand hatha Moore kini; of the race of the I'l-r-
si.ins, who is created and made kiiiji l)v the ('aplainc of the <astle, in the name of ihc kiiii
of I'oriu^.ill. At ihe i rcation of this kin;; I was there, ami saw ihe ( erenmnies that they \.-
mil, whiih are as fiilloweth The ohU- Kinj; heiiiK dead, the C'.i|)l.iiiie of the l'ortiii;i|,
cluisctii another ol tin- liiood ro\all, and makelh llii> I'leclion in the castle with ureal i ere-
monies, and Nthen hee is elected, the ('a])t.'ine >weii'elh him to lie true and failhfull In ihr
Kinn of I'iirlii;.'.dl, .is hi. Lord and (iouermuir, and llu-n lie >;iuelli him the .Sce|)ter refill
After this with ^rcat frasiinn \: jiompe, and wiili ^real ci inpiiiy, he is lirou^hl iiii ' lih'
royall palai e in ihe cifv. Tliis Knij; keepetli a ^ood iraiiie, and h illi scflicient reueiiucs t ,
luainlaine him-elfe without Iroulilini: of any, liei aiise the Ciplaiiie of the(a.stle dorili ni.ii;;-
tcine and defend hi- riuiii, and when ih:il the Capiaine and he riile |.'};ellier, he is hoiiuiircd
as a kin::, yet he ( aiiiiot ride aliroad with Ins iraine, wilhoiil the consent of the Capiaine lir-'
had: it liehooiieih them In doe this, and il is nece>>arv, heiaiise of the ;;real trade thai i> ii!
the ( ilv : their proper lioii;uaf;e is the Persian loimue 'I'liere I xliipped inv selfe to yoe (, ,
(ii'a, a eilv ill liie Indie-., in a shippe that had loure-core horses in her. This is to adiierti«i
th<i-.e Marih.inis thai i;n rroin Oriiuis to (Ii.a l.i shippe tliem.seliies in lliose shippes that <.irn
horse*, liei au-e eiiei\ »hippe th., I ( airielh twenty horses or spwards is priiiihjjed, t!ui .i;l
the marchaiidise wliaNoeiier thev tarry shall pay no t ii-lome, whereas the shipper thai i ,irr\
no horses are hound to pav eif;lii per cento nt all the i.',oiids they liriii;;.

(ina, Din, ,iiul Camhaia.

(iOai' the priinipail city that the I'l rtiurds hanein the Indies, where is resident the \irc.
rov with his (Hurl and minisiers of ilie Km;; of IVirtiiyall. rnin Orimi^ to Cioa is nine hm -
dred Inure -tore and liii mile* di-taiue, in wliii h pa«sai;e the (irsi i iiv that \ou coinc in r
the Indies, iscalled Dili, and is siiuale in .ilillle Hand in the kinjjdnme of Camhaia, wlilih i-
the i;reale-l slren;;lli that ihe I'l ilii^aU haue in ail the IndiiM, yet a small (ilv, lull of '^n-y
trade, bec.iusc there lhe\ lade very many threat shijis for the strai;;hts of Mr((a and Orniu*
with man handise. and these ^hippes beion;; to the Sloorcs ind Christians, hut the Monres (an
not trade neither -aile into those seas willioul the liteiueof the \'icerov of the Kinj; of I'cr-
lujjal!, otherwise ihey are taken and m.ade ;»i.nd |)ri*es. The marchaiidise that they lade lhi«(
ship, williall (dnimelh fro Camhaiella a pnrt in the kin^dome of Camhaia. which thev hrini;
Irian tlu ni e in small haiks, liei.iii-e there ran no ^reat sliijipes come thither, hv reason of iht
sholdnesse of the water thereahout-, and these sh< Ids arc an hundred or fourescnre iinle-
ahnul in a strai;;lil or ^iilfe, which thev call Mai.ireo, which is as much to say, as a racenli
tirle, because the waters there run out of that plaie vyithout ineastire, so that there is no |)l,i. i

.V Casar Frtdevick.

TIIAITKIUKS, AND DISCOUKUIKS.

like to if, vi>lf)»!4C il br in liie kiii;;ilonie of Pegu, where iIuto ii iiintlicr Marareo, where the
\»alerH rim mit wilh more fonc than ihenc doe. The priii(i|idll ciiy in ('.mibaii {%
(aMi'<l Amailaiiar, il i'* it dayct ii)uri)t>y and an lialf'c rrmii ('aM\l>ai('i| i, it i^ a very ^'eat <ify
and very |in|)id(iiiH, and lor a i iIn i.f the (icntilc'* it is very well made and Iniildrd wilh laire
liiiiHe-t and lar^e slreel", wiih a laire plate in il wilh iiiaiiy NhiiijiiN, ami in >.licw like to Cairci,

liiif n<ii Ml ••real ;

ilsii Cainl

innaielta h sjiiiale on (lie !«<mm hiiIc, and is a vrrv lair.' cil

Thi

iMiiellial I wa-i there, the eilv was in ureal lalainily i*i Hearsenessc, sd dial I haiie seciu' the
men nl' the iimnirev that wiTe(ien(iles take their children, their soiines and their dan^hler'i,
and hatie desired llu l'i>rlu;;als In buy litem, uiid I hatie Neene them Niild lor ci^^ht or leu
larines a piece, whicli niav be ol' ni,r nxniey \ n. <ir \iii.s. iiii.d. For all this il' I had not scene
il, I could III I haiii' Ik h'('Ue<l thai there sin uld be sii( h a trade at C.nnbaictta as ilirre is: for
in the limeol cncry new Moonc and eiiers lull Moone, the small b.irks (innumerable; come
in and oni, b^r at those linii s i\\ ilic Momic the ti<les and waters are hij;her then at oilier limen
llicy he. These b;irkcs be laden with all soils ol' spices, with silke <d' ('liin.i, with .Sandoli),
itii I'Jcphants Icclh, \'t hiels ol' N'ercini, i^rcat ipianlity ol' I'aniiiiia, v>lii(h ((iinmelh lit

.Mei ra, ('hickitios wlii<h be pines ol Isolde woorlli seneii shil

piece sterling, with

iioiiev, and with diiieis sc ris irl oiher in.iithiiidi/.e. AUo these barks hub' out, as il w»re,

an inlmite (pinnlily

>th

de ol' liiiniba^l of al

Is, ,is while St uii|ic(!

I and

panned

wilh ;;rral ((iiantity of Inilico, ilried ).itiKei' \' coii.senied, .Myrabolans drie .ind ( iindiie, ihi
i.iso in paste, ';real store of Mij:;n'. ^real (piantity of Cotton, abniulance (d' Opiiini, .\s«a
I'elid.i, i'lM hid, wilh many other sorts id' diiijj)>e<, ttirbants iii,.de in Dui, ureal sionc.. like
lo CoriKolies, (iraliaH, .\^als, Di.Hprs , C.di idonij, llematisl-, a:iil some kinde ol' natinall

('ainli.iii'lla .in order, bill no man is b'lind to keepe il,

iliainoiKls.

\ere is in the citv o

hut they lli.it will: bat .ill ihe l'orliii;.ill m,ii< li.iiils keepe ii. the which is iliis There are in
lliis cilv icrt.iin brokers sthiih are (Jenlihs and i I ^real aiith( rit\ , ai,d bane ciiery one of
iliem mieenc or iweiily -eriianls, .mil the M.irclianls thai \-e tli.it couiitrev haiie tlieir Hroker>,
Willi which thev hi' seriieil : .oid iImv th.it h iiie mil bene llu re are iiiroriiied by their Trieiuls
of the order, and oT wh.ii Broker ilu'y shall besenii'il. Now eiierv liftcene dives (asaboiic-
savd) that the lli'cl <d' small shippcs rntrcth into the port, ihe Brokers come to the w.itcr
side, and these .Marchants assonue as ihey are eoine on land, do ;;iiie the cari;as(m of all their
^.'nods to thai Hrokir lh.it they will h:uie to do their biisimsse for lliem, with the marks id' all
ilie r.irilles .iiid pai ks they h.me: ami the marchant h.niin;; l.iken on l.iiid all his riinutiire (or

ies ( arrv proiiisioii id'

Ills lioiise, hec.iiise it is iieei

lull

li.it the

inliaiils I. .it trade to ihe

bidi

lioiisliolde wilh lliem, bei aiise lli.it in em rv p'are where tin v i ome ih; \ must h.me a new .\t,iuhjni. id.
liiiiisc, the broker that li.itli rcifim-d hi., c.u'^asoii, comni;mdel i his sern iiir^ to carrv ihe Mar- """■|i"i'i''i"
1 hauls rurnitiue lor his Iv use home, and load it on some i art, .ind i .irrv il into the ( itv. where ih.
the Brokers liaiie diners empty hoiisest meet Tor the lod^inj; ol .M.inhaiils, I'urnisl'.eil oiiely
with bedsteads, i.ibles, cliaires, and jinpty iarres lor Water: then the Br.-ker saMiilothe

. mujt c
I'rouiluin
I.I lucilioltl «iik

M.I

Ull, (i

loc .iiul re|)ose vour .sellc

(I tak

e vour rest in the citv.

Thi.' Broker l.irrieth at

the vv.ilcr side with the (•:ir;jas(m, and c.iii-elh all his j;ood> to be di-< h.ir^i'd out ol ihe ship,
.iiid i>ivei!i ihe i ii~li>mc, ;iiid c ,iu«et;i it to be brouijhl into the ho se where the HKirchani liith,

cse noocls

I' . ,

ihe M.uih.iiit not knovvini; anv Im.ii; ihercnl, neiilur cu-iome, nor charuc-

h(i

.Man h.mt il he hane aiiv desire to sell his

are woith .it I'l.it pr»'s( nt timer .Vnd if he hith a desire io sell his i;oods presently, then a(

iKil iiist:int liie Broker scdieth them av\ i\. .M'ler this the Bri'ker .savlh l.> the .\!;irchanl. voii

irounht lo this p;is,e inl i the house ol' llu- .M.irchant, the Br.'kir demaiidelh of the
mt il he liane aiiv desire to sell his jjnods or iii.ircl,:iiulise, al the pri-es iliat sm |i \v;irev

iiie so nine

h oT

euerv sort ol m.irc

h ind

ise iie;it anc

I cl

care ol euerv <

h'irm'

mil ^o much
ndiliis. then the

ready nwniev. And il' the Marchant will einplov his money in otiier ci
broker lelleth him that siii hand such tommoilities will co-t sn mnih, put :il'oord without any
iiiaiHT ol chirnes. The .\Iaiciiant \ ndcrsl.iiulinu the elicit, nuikelh Ids anoiint; arid if hi-
tliinke i.i l.iiy or sell at llu |irieisinrrant. lu' jrineih order to ma^e nis mm h.uulise a say : and il

lie halh CO iinodilv lor (HMM.dukets, a'l s albe b irlrcd

hie aw .IV in filteeiie dave- wilh-

oiit anv lare ur trouble: and when as the .\l.irch;ml i.iiiikcili ih.it he cannot sell his j;ooils at

Ihe

f. .

i' •

f% \i

*■ '/

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

.1/. Cttsar Frederick.

llieit ^tOIC 01

men I't wirre
anJ loueis on
tlic coa^t ot
L'4tntut.i.

A mail'
KinJ ■

Tara an Iiland
ulirrrc! (Jduri-
Liii wiiictii, [ag.
■II

the prise nirrant.hc may tary as long as he will, but they cannot be solde by any in;in bnt bv
th;\t Broker that bath taken thcni (>n land and payed tlic nistonic: and pnrcliaiico l;iryinj; sontr-
tiincs for sale of their commodity, they makej^ood profit, and somefinirs lossc: bnt those niar-
rhandisc that come not ordinarily ciierv iiftcenc dayes, in taryinj; for tlic s:\lr of thi-ni tiicrc
is great profit. The barks that lade in Cambaictla jio for Din to lade the ships that ;;,) frdin
thence for the streijthts of Mecca and Ormus, and some <^o to ("haul and (ica: and these sliips
be very well appointed, or els are jjuarded by tlie Armada of the Puriimals, for that there
are many Corsaries or Pvrats which goe coursing nlong-it that coast, robbing and s|)oiling:
and for feare of these tlieeues there is no safe sailing in those seas, but with ships very well
ai)puinled and armed, or cIs with the fleet of the l'<irtugals, as is aloresayd. In line the kin;;.
dome of Cambaia is a jjlace of great trade, and hath much doings and tralfique with all men,
although hitherto it hath bene in the hands of tyrants, because that at 7,"» yeeres of age t!ic
the true king being at the assault of Din, was there slaine; wiiose name Sultan Hadu. At
that time foure or flue captaines of the army diuided the kingilome amonu-t themselues, ami
euerv one of them shewed in his countrev what tyranny he tnulil: but Iwelue vecrcs ago ihc
great Mogol a Moore king of Agra and Dellv, forlvdaves iourny within ilu land of Amail.i-
uar, became the gouernoiirof all the kingdome of Cambaia without am resistance, beeaiise
he being of great power anil force, deiiising which \\a\ to ciilcr t!ie l.tnd with his people,
there was not anv man that would make him aiiv nsist.inee, alihougii ihev were tv rants and :i
bea-^tlv peo|)U', they were sooue bronchi \nder obedience. l)uriui;ihe tim<' 1 dwelt in C:mii-
baiett.i I saw \erv nianiellous things; there were an infinite number ol artificers that made
liracelets (.illed .Mannij, or bracelets of elephanis leetli, of iliuers colours, for the women nf
ihe (lentilcs, whii h haue their amies full de( kcd w;(h iheni. .\nd in tiiis orcui)aliou iIk ic
:ire sjient eucrv veere manv thousands of cro\snes: the reason whereof is this, that when
there dielh an\ uhatsoeuer of their kindred, then in signe .iiul token of mourning and sorrow,
thev bre.ike all their bracelets from their arine-i, and ])resenll\ lhe\ tio and l)u\ new agame, he-
cause that lluy had r.ithiT be without llicir meat then witl;i>i.l liieir Iir.u elcls.

D.unan. I5.is.in. 'i'.m.i.

Il.\iniii; |, '— ed Diu, I i ame to the second ( il\ that the I'orluiials li.iue, called Daman, -iiu-
atc in the terrilorv oi Camli.iia, distant from Diu an liu:nlr<'d ami iwenlv miles: it is n;,
towne of menh.uidise, sauc Kice and corne, ;uicl halli manv \illagcs muIci it, wiicre in time
of ])eaee the I'orlugals l.ike their |)lcasure, liiM in time of warre tiie enemies haue the spoile
of (hem; in such wise that ihe I'orlugals haue little benefit bv them. Nc\l \iito Damais \iiii
-hall haue JJ.isaii, which is a fillln jjlace in rcspec t of Daman : in this |)lace is liiee, Corne, .ind
Timber to makeshippes and gallics. And a smkiII diMancc lievond Hasan is a lillle Hand called
Tana, a place \ers populous with I'orlii'^als, Moore-, and (ie'ililes : these haue uothiii- in;!
Itric, there ,ire maiiv makers of .Xruu'sie, and weauer- of girdles of wnoll and luimb.i-i hl.i, ',.,■
and rcdde like lo Mooehancs.

Of tile lilies of Ch.iul, and of' the ralmer tree.

Hl'sond this li.uid \ou shall tiiule (haul in the firme land; and they are two i itics, one . t
the I'lrlugals, and llie other ol the Moores: that i ilv whii h the I'ortugals haue is sjtu.ite lower
then the other, and goueriuih the nuuith of the harbour, and isverv slronglv walled: and.w
it were a mile and an halfe lii-i.mt from this is the cilv of .Moores. gouerned by iheir kin;
/amalluco. In the lime of \.arris ihi re cannot anv great ships eome to ihe i iiv of ilie
Moeres, because the I'orluga!- v\ ilh iheir ordiir.uii e will sincke them, for th.il ■■,c\ must jur-
force |)asse by the castles < f ilie I'l rni;;aN: boih the ciliesare porN of the se.i, and are gri.i
cities, and haue Mito them gre;it irafliipie and trade of men haiiilise, of all sorts of' -pni-,
driigges, sllke.ilolh ofsilkr, Sanilol-. .Njarsine, \ ersine, I'onelane of( hina, N'eluels amis, in-
lets liial come from I'lirtugall and from Meca: with many other sorles of nu-rchainli-e. lliii ■
coine euf.ry \ cere from t.'ochin, and from CanaiU)r teiine or fdleene great shijipes laden u.i i
^riai.N'iis eureil.and with Sugar made ofthesel.'e ^ame Nuts called (iiagr;i : the tree where, n

llie-e

rjinr Frederick,

M. Cxsar Frederick. TRAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES.

lliescNiils doc jjrow is called the Piilmcr tree: and thorowoiit all the Indies, and especially
I'roMi tills place to Cioa there is jfrcat abundnnce of them, and it is like to the Date tree. In the
whole world there is not a tree more prolitable and of more noodnesse then this tree is, nci-
ihi-r doe iiHii reape so much benefit of any other tree as ihcy doc of this, there is not any
ji.iit of it i)iit scnieth lor some vse, and none of it is woorthy to be burnt. With the timber
(if this tree lliey make shippes without the mixture of any other tree, and with the leaues
tlu rc(.r i!u y make sailes, and with the fruit thereof, whicli be a kinde of Xuis, thcv make
w'mc, and of the wine they make Sugir and I'lacelto, which wine they <;atlier in the s])rin<;
of the vcere : out of tin- middle of the tree wliere continually there novth or runneth out
while li'.|Uour like vnio water, in that lime of the yeere they jnit a \es-;el vndcr eucry tree,
and cilery eueninj; and morniii;j; thcv lake it away full, and then distilllnjf it with lire it makeih
a \Ci"y strons; liquour: and then they put it into bills, with a <|uantity of Zibibbo, white or
hiacke and in short time il is made a perfect wine. Alter this they make of the Nuts ^reat
store of oile: of the tree they make j^rcat quaiitily of l)ooriles and qiiaiters for buildiiij^s.
01' ilie barke of this Irci' ihey make cables, ropes, and other furniture for shi])|)es, and, as they
s.iv, these ropes be bitter then thcv that are made of Hempe. They make of the bowes,
bccUled>i, al'ler ihe Indies fashion, and Scaiiasches for merchandise. The Icniics they cut very
small, and weaiie ihem, and mi make sailes of them, for all mancr of shi|)pin!i, or els vcrv
line mats. And then the (ir.-.t riiule of the Nut thcv stampe, and make thereof perfect Ockani
to caike shi|)pes, i;reat ami small: and of the hard barke thereof they make sjxones and other
vessels fur meat, in such wise that there is no ])art thereof throwen away or ca-t to the lire.
When the-^e Mais be ureene ihev are full of an excellent swee' water to drinke: and if a man
belhir-.l\, « ilh the li<[iinr of one of the Mat-^ he ma\ satislie himsellc: and as this Nut ri-
])cnclh, the liiphair Ihcrccf lurnelh all to kcrnell. There xoelh out of ('haul for.Mallaca, for
(he Indies, for Macao, for l'i>rliiL;all, for ihe coasts of .Melinile, for Ormu-^, a- it were an iidi-
iiile number and <|u.iniilv of i^cuuls and men haudise that come out of the k'P'dome of Cam-
h.iia, as ( Kilh of bumb.i^t while, painted, |)rinted, ;,'rcat jpiantitv of Indico, Opium, ("(ilton,
>ilke of eiierv >ort, urc.il »l<ire of lioraso in l'a»te, threat >tore of Fetida, i;reat i-tore of \ron,
( .>nu', and other meichandi»c. The Moore kiiit; Zamalluco is of (;reat power, as one that
al need may command, iV hath in his camp, two hundred thousand men of warre, and hath
j^rc.it store of aiiillery, some of tiiem made in |)icces, which for their ureatncNse can not bee
LMiicdto and fro: yet allhoiii'.h they bee made in pieces, thev are so c<mimodioiis that the\
uorke with them m:iruellous well, whose sholle is of >lone, and there hatii bene of that sliot
•.(•Ml vni'i the kiui; of l'oinif;.dl for the rarenes of the thins;. The citv where the kinjj Za-
m.ilhi( •' li.ith hi- beiii;;, i- within the kind of ("lianl -euen or eii;ht daves ioiTiuy, which city
> i.illid .\i)ncncr. Ihrce More :muI tenne miles from Chuil, lowanis the Indies, is the port
.1 D.ibiil, an hauen of iht kiiij; Z.nnallaio : from ihence totloa is an hundred and fifty miles.

( i oa .

(iOa is ilie pi'iiu ipall < iiy that the I'orliinals haue in i!\e Imlics, wherein the Viceroy with
il,'. ro\.ill C'i>url is resident, and is in an Hand which mav be in circuit line and twenty or
iliiru mile-. : ;iiid ihe city with the borotii;hs is rcasonat)le bi<;<;e, and for a citie of ihc Indies
il Is rc.isoiKible I'aire, but the Hand is farre more fiiiir: for it is as ■' were full of i;oodlv
gardens, rt|)lenishe<l with diners trees .nul wiih the l';ilnuT liecs as '. ,iforeia\(l. This lity
w MJ nrcal lr.ili<|ue for ;ill sorts ol man h.iiulise which they Hade with:ill in those parts: and
ihc licet which cominclh encry vcere from l'orliii;:ill, which are line or si\e ureal shi|)pes
th;il come direi iK forCio.i, arriiie iherc ordinarily the sixth or tenlh of Se|)teinl)er, and there
dies rem. line I'virly or lifly da\es, ami from ihence they goe loCoihin, where thev lade for
r.iiuyall, and olien times they l.ide oneshippe at (ioa and the other at Cochin lor i'orluuall.
Ci ( hill is ilistani Irom (ioa three hundred miles. The city of (Joa is situate in the kingdomc
if Di.ilcan a kiiii; of the .Mooies, whose chiele city is \p in the countiey eij;ht davcs iournev,
,111(1 is cilled lli^.ipor : liiis kiiif; is of j^rea* power, for when I was in(iea in the \eere of our
I.nid l.)7(>, this kinj; (,iine lo i^iue ass.iull to (0:1, bein;; encain|)ed neere \iito it bv a riiier

>0L. II. V ) side

3\o

Ct'tii ortiinince
-iiaJf 111 [Mccii,
i''J yet struic^
at) If,

Thf<hi-f( yWt
tlir I'.ittiu t!s
haur III the U>

• il

"f%\

V 7 I

346

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Casar Frederick.

A vfry j:ftod
mIv for huttd.

A moit vnkiiid

& Wifkcd tica^o
af;ain:.t thrir
princr . thiithf)
hdve for giiiing
credit ti' itran>
jfrs rather
Ihrn to their
cwne iijtiue
ptcfl*.

Ihr liikili,' of

ihc kit*.

Ad cicellent
gucxt j-ol ty to
Inlra^ m-i.

Hide with an army of two hundred thousand men of warrc, and he lay at t .. siege fourefeone
moneths: in which time there was peace concluded, and as report went amongst his people, there
was great calamity and mortality which bred amongst them in the time of Winter, and also killed
very many elephants. Then In the yeere of our Lord 1567, I went from Goa to Bezcney;er
the chiefe city of the kingdome of Narsinga eight daycs iourney from Goa, within the land,
in the company of two other merchants which carried with them three hundred Arabian horses
to that king : because the horses of that countrcy are of a small stature, and they pay well
for the Arabian horses : and it is requisite that the merchants sell them well, for that ihev
stand them in great charges to bring them out of Persia to Ormus, and from Ormus to Gna,
where the ship that bringeth twenty horses and vpwards payeth no custome, neither ship
nor goods whatsoeuer; whereas if they bring no horses, they pay 8 per cento of all thoii
poods : and at the going out of Goa the horses pay custome, two and forty pagodies for eucry
horse, which pagody may be of sterling money sixc shillings eight pence, they be pieces
of golde of that value. So that the Arabian horses are of great value in those countreys, as
300, 400, 500 duckets a horse, and to 10(X) duckets a horse.

Bezeneger.

THe city of Bezeneger was sacked in the ycerc I.")fi5, by foure kings of the Nfonrcs,
which were of ijreat power and might : the names of these foure kings were these following;,
the first was called Dialcan, the second Zaniuluc, the thirti ("oiamaluc, and the fourth Viridv :
and vet these foure kings were not able to ouercome this city and the king of BezeneuiT,
but by trea.son. This king of Bezeneger was a CJeulile, and had, amongst all other oC Jus
caplaines, two which were nritable, and they ^^e^e .Nfoorcs : and these two ra|)taines li.ul
either of them in charge threescore and fen or fourescore thousand men. These two laji-
taincs being of one religion with the foure kings which were .Moores, wrought meiines wiih
them to betray their owne king into their hands. The king of Bezeneger esteemed not the
force of the foure kings his enemies, but went out of his city to wage battell with them in
the ficldes; and when the armies were ioyiied, the baltcll lasted but a while not the space nf
Ibure houres, because the two traitourous captaines, in the chiefest of the light, with iluir
companies turned their faces against their king, and made such disorder in his armv, thai ,i>
astonied they set ihemseiues to fli: ht. Thirty yceres was this kin;;(lonic gouerned by ilircc
brethren which were tyrants, the whn h keeping th<' riglitful king in prison, it wa-. their xvc
cuerv yeere once to shew him to the people, ami they at their pleasures ruled as they lisird.
These brethren were three ca[)taines belonging to the father of the king thev kept in pristm,
which when he died, left hi- -onne verv vong, and then ihcv tooke the gouernment to ihem-
seiues. The chiefest of these three was called Hainaragio, and sale in the rovall throne, and
was called th'> king : the second was called 'rcniiragio, and he tooke the utuiernmeni on him-
the third was called lieiigatre, arul he was caplaine generall o| ih;' army. These ihrrc
brethren were in this battell, in the wiiich the c liiclcst and flu- la>.t were neuer heani uf
quitke nor ileail. Onelv Teineragio fled in the battel, hauing lost one of Ins eyes : when
the newes came to the ciiv of the ouertlirow in the hattill, the wines and duldren of lhc<e
three tyrants, with their lawfull kinu (.kept prisoner: fled away, spoiled as thev wer«', & the
foure kings of the .Moores entrc<l the ciiv IJezencger with great lriuin|)h, & there they re-
ma'ned si\e moneths, scan hiiig viuler houses \- in all places l()r inoiiev iV other things that
were hidden, and then thev departed to their owne kingdomes, because they were not ahic
to nialiitaine such a kingdome as that was, so farre distant from their owne couiitre\.

When the kings were departed from Hezeneiicr. this '''— "iragio returned to the citv, .mil
then bcgannc for to repopiil.iie it, and sent word to (ioa to the Merchants, if thev hail aii>
horses, ti> bring ilicin to him, and he woidd pay well for them, and for this cause the aliire-
savd two .Merchants that I went in ( onipanv wilhall, carried those horses that ihey had to lic-
zeneger. Also this Tsrant niac'e an order or lawc, that if any iMerch.int had anv of the
horNCs that were taken in the afoicsavd baitcll or warres, although thev were of his owne
marke, tliathc would giuc as much for ihciu as they would : and besides he gauc generall sale

conduct

r Frederick.

vV. Casar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

34?

Londuct to all that should bring them. When by this meanca he saw that there were great
store of horses brought thither vnfo him, hee gaue the Merchants faire wordes, vntill such
time as he saw they could bring no more. Then he licenced the Merchants to depart, with-
out giuing them any thing for their horses, which when the poore men saw, they were des-
perate, and as it were mad with sorrow and griefe.

1 rested in Bczeneger seuen moneths, although in one moneth I might haue discharged nil
my busincsse, for it was necessary to rest there vntill the wayes were clecrc of theeues,
which at that time ranged vp and downe. And in tlic time I rested there, I saw many strange
and beastly deeds dene by the Oentilcs. Fir^t, when there is any Noble man or woman dead,
they Ijurnc their bodies : and if a married man die, his wife must burne herseirc aliuc, for
the louc of her husl)and, and with the body of her husband : so that when any jnan dieth,
his wife will take a moneths leaue, two or three, or as slice will, to burne her sell'o in, and
that dav being come, wherein shee ought to be buriU, that morning shee goetli out of her
hoii-ic vcrv e:irely. either on horsebaeke or on an eliphant, or else is borne by eight men on
a siiial stage : in one of these orders she goeth, being apparelled like to a Jiride, carried
rdiiiid about tlie Citv, wiiii her haire downe about her shoulders, '^'arnished with icweis and
flowers, according to the estate of the partv, and they goc with as great iov as IJrides due in
\'eniee to their nuptials : slice eairietli in her left hand a looking glassc. and in her right
hand an arrow, and siiigeth thorow the Citv as she passeth, and savth, that she ;:«jetl> to
sleepe with lierdterc spowse and husband. She is accompanied with her kindred and friends
vntill it be one or two of the clocke in the afternoone, then they goe out of the City, and
going along the liiiers side called Nigondin, which runneth vnder the walle-* of the Citv,
vntill they come \ nio a place where tticy vsc to make this burning of women, being wid-
dowes, there is prepared in this place a great scpi.ire caue, with a little pinnacle liarrf bv it,
toure or Hue steppes \p: llie foresay<l caue is full of dried wood. The woman being 'nine
ihillier, accdtnpanicd with a L;Teat number of people which come to see the thing, then tliev
make ready a great banquet, and she that shall be burned eateth with as great iov and glad-
nessc, as though it were her weilding day : and the feast being ended, then thev goe tn dancing
and singing a certeine time, according as ■-lie will. .Mtcr this the woman of her owne ac-
ciinl, (iimniandeth them to make the (ire in the squar" caiu .'here the drie wood is, and
when it is kindled, thev conic and certitic her thereof, then pre-<rntly she leaueth the feast,
and takelh the ncerr>ii kinseman of her hu-band liv the hand, and they bo;h goe together to
the baiike of the fore>ayd riiicr, where shee puileth oil" all her iewels and all her clothes, and
•'jiu't.i them to her parctits or kiiise'oike, and i ouering hersell'e with a cloth, because she will
not be --ecne of the people Ixin'j, naked, she throweth herselfe into the riuer, saying, O
vsrelrhes, wash away v I'lir sinnes. ( dniming out of the water, she rowleth herselfe into a
'. t'llow ( loih of fonrcte<iie br.ii cs loni; : and againe she takcth her husbands kinseman by
the hand, and the\ go i.itli tigetlKr p to the pinnacle of the square caue wherein the fire
IS made When >lie i. m the iiinnaeie, shee talkelh and reas; cth with the people, reroin-
nien<ling vnto them htr children and kindrcil. Refore the pinnacle thev vsc to set a mat,
i 'cause thev shall not see the lieneiiesse of the fire, vet there :;rc many that will haue them
plucked away, shcwini; therein an heart not fearefu!', and that they are not aflravd of that
slj;ht. When tl.is sillv woman hath reasone<l with the jicoplc a good while tti her content,
iliere i-. another woman that takelh a pot with oilc, and sprinekleth it ouer n r licail, and with
the ^ame she anoyntcih all her body, and afterwards throweth the j)ot into the lornace, and
hiith the woman and the pot goe tugethcr into the fire, atid picsently the people that are
mund about the idrnace thnjw after her into the cane great pieces of wood, so bv this meanes,
with the fire and with the hlowes that she hath with the wood ihrowen after her, she is quickly
lirad, and alter this there growe'h such sorrow and such lamentation among lh<- people, that
ail their mirth is turned into howling and weeping, in such wise, that a man could scarse
hoare the hearing of it. 1 haue scene mam Inirnt in this maner, l)e(ause my house was iieere
tn the ^ale where tliev goe out to the |)la(c of burnini; and when thcredieth any great man,
iiis wife with all his slaiu-s with whom hec hath had tarnall copulation, burne ihem>chies \o-

\ \ i gether

.K dimiption

of t[i'- burning

danciii.' vhtn
thry slioiiid
niouriie.

MourniDg whni
tllpy sllovUd
rcio\cr.

•liiit

I t

f t

irl

ill

■}

^ ;^.!

t.i

)l(^ >*

.11 „ ' f

^'i.l'

!l .

ii„*

;)

348

The cause why
the wnmcn do
lo Suriic them-
M,lues.

P.Tifjondf.

Meii tide oil
bullncki, and

tLUItlt ^MIh

thrm on tlic
wiy.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Casar Frcrkrid,

gethcr with him. Also in tliis fcinp;dome I ha\ic scene amongst the base sort of people this
vse and order, that the man beinj; dead, hee is carried lo tiie place where they will make hi,
sepulchre, and setting him as it were vprin;ht, then commeth his wife b' fore him on her knees,
casting herarmes about his necke, \sith imbracing and clasping him, \ ntill such time as the
Masons hauc made a wall round about them, and when the wall is as high as their neckrs,
tlicre ccmmcth a man behinde the woman and sirangleth her : then when she is dcavl, the
wirkemen linish the wall oucr tlieir heads, and so they lie buried both together. Besides these,
there are an infinile ninnber of beastly (pialities amongst them, of which 1 haue no desire to
write. I was desirous to know the cause why ihesc women would so wilfully burne theni-
sclues against nature and law, and it was told mee that this law was of an antient time, to mnkr
pronision against the slaughters which wdincn made of their husbands. For in these (I,i\(n
before this law was made, the women for eiiery little displeasure that their husbands had done
vnto them, wcnilil presentlv [loison tiieir husl)ands, aiul lake other nten, and now by rensnn
of this la.v thcv are more faithful! \nli) their husbands, and count their lines as deare as tlu'ir
owne, because that after his de.iiii her owne followetli presently.

Ill the veere of our I-onl (iod l.j()7, for the ill succcsse that the pco|)le of Bezcn'-gcr hid,
in that their City was sacked b\ the foure kings, tiie king with his t'ourt went to dwell in a
castle eight dayes ioiiriiey vpin the iaiul from 15e/eneger, called I'enegc nde. Also sixe<l:iv>s
iouriiev from 15e/eneger, is the place where thcv get Diainaiits: I was mil there, l)ui it w,,,
tolde me that it is a great place, compassed with a wall, and that ilicv sell ihe earth within ilu
wall, for so much a scpiadron, and tiie limits are set how decDe or how low tliey shall di;;i;c.
Those Dianianis lluil are of a cerlaiiie sise and biiiger liu'ii that >' 'e, are all for ihe king, u |,
manv \eeresagone, siiuc ihev g<it anv liu-re, lor ilie iroiibles th it haue i)cne in that king. ioii'.
The first cause of this trouble was, Ix rause ihe xniiie of this Tcmcragio had put lo oe.illi i!ic
l.iwfiill king wliidi he hail in pri~on, fur w!\i(h cause the U.irons ami N'ohlcineu in thai klii^:.
dome would n it acknowledge him lo be their king, and bv this mc.ines tlu're are many kiiii;.,
and great diuision in thai kingdmne, and the ciiv of He/.eneger is not altogether desirouil.
vet the h(ju>es stand stil', but em|)ly, and there is dwelling in them in llung, as is reporldl,
b..t Tvgers and dilx-r wilde beasts. The tirtiiil of this t ity is foure iV iwenlie miles ahri;!,
and within liic w dies are i I'ricine inountaincs The houses >iaiul walled with earth, .nA
pl.iine, all sauiiig the three jialares of the llirce tyrant brethren, and llie I'agodes which :iri'
idole hi us( s : the-e are made with lime and tine marble. 1 haue scene m.iM\ kings Court-, .uiil
vet haue I scene ni'iu' in i;rc,itnesse like lo this of Ikveiieger, I sa\ , for tiie order of hi- pi.
lace, for it halh nine gates or ])orls. lirst when yen f^oe into the place where the king (Jul
lodge, there are line gnat |)orls or gales: these are kept with C iplaincs and sonldicrs: then
within these there are foure lesser gales: which are ke|)t with I'orlers. Without the (irst i;.iii'
there is a little pc^di, where there isa C.iplaine with line ami Iwenlie s(uildiers, that kce|itih
watch and ward tii;;ht and day: and wiihin t!ial another with ihe like guard, whereihrnu
they come in a \erv lairi- ('<uirt, and at ihe end of ili.ii Coiirl ilu re is aiioihcr i)ori h :is tiic
first, with tiie like guard, and wiihin thai another Coiirl. And In thi-. wise are the (Ir-l
liiie gates guarded and kept with llvose Caplaincs ; uul then the lessei' gates wiihin mc
ke|)l with a guard of Porters : which f/ates stand open ihe gre.itcst pari of the night, luciu-e
the ciistoine of the (ientiles is lo doe their l)usiiie-.-.e, and nuike their feasts in the nii;l'i, r,i-
ther then by day. The < ily is \er\ .safe from iheeues, li;r the I'orlugall luerchanls slecpe in
the streets, or ynder porches, for the great heat whii h is there, ami yel ihev neuer had anv
harnie ni the night. .At the end of two moneths, 1 determined to go for (ioa in the conip.t-
ny of two (.'hi r I'orlugall .Man hauls, wliich were making ready lo depart, with two pal.iii-
ciiines or little liltep;, which are vrv '. (immodious for the way, with eight r.dchines which
are men hired to < ary the p:ilaiu!iiiies, eight lira palamhine, foure at a linu': iheyiariy
them as we \se to carr\ barrowes. .\iul 1 bouuhf me two bullocks, one of them lo ride mi,
and the other lo carry my \iiluali and [iroiiisioii, for in lh:il i outUrev they ride on biiiliuk'
with painiels, as we leniie them, girls and bridles, and they haue a very good cominoilious
pace. IVoin 15e/eueger to (ioa in .Summer it is eight daves iourney, but we went in ine
midst <il Winter, in the moueth ol lui\, and were lilieene daycs cununiiig to Aiuola on ih<'

?sar FrcdcricI,.

,M. Cuesar Freikiick'.

TRAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES.

349

Tlie mardian-
come

sea coast, so in cijjht tlayes I had lost my two bullocks : for lie that carried my victuals, was

wcake and could not goe, the other when 1 came vntoa riuer where was a little bridge to passe

oiicr, I put my bullockc to swimi;iinj;, and in tiic middest of the riuer there was a little Hand,

vnto the which my bullocke went, and finding pasture, there he remained still, and in no

wise we could come to him : and so perforce, I was forced to leaue him, and at that time

(here w.is much raine, an<l I was forced to go seuen dayes a foot with great paines : and by

crrcat chance I met with Falchines by the way, whom I hired to carry my clothes and victuals.

We had great trouble in our iourney, for that cucry day wee were tal.en prisoners, by reason

of the great dissension in 'hat kingilome: and cuery morning at our departure we must pay

reseat iVu'.re or fine pagies a man. And anollier trouble wee had as bad as this, that when as

wee came into a new gouernours countrey, as eucry dav we did, althoiigli they were al tribu-

t.irv to the king (iflJe/cneger, yet eucry one of them stamped a seueral coine of Copper, so

that the money that we tooko this day would not scruc the next : at iengtii, by the hel])e of

God, we came sale to Ancola, which is a (ounlrv of the Queene of Gargopam, tributary to

the king of Uc/.cnegcr. The marchaiulise that went eucry yere from (Joa to Ikzencgcr were an- ihJt

Arabian lIor«cs, N'oliieis, Hania-iks, and Sattens, Ariiusine of I'ortugall, and pieces of China, i^i inJ ""< "'

SalVron, and Skarld^; and from l',c/,cne;;er thev had in Turky for their commodities, icwels, yl'"" '

and I'agoilics \\iii( h be dueats of golde: the apparell that they vse in Ikvcneger is \'eluet. Sat- iht .ipparcii of

ten, D.imaske, Starlet, or white IJumba^l cloth, according 'o the estn'e of the [lerson with '''"'" '""'"'

long hats on their heads, (ailed ''dlie, made <il X'eluet, Sattcii, D.imaske, or Searle*, girding

fhe!n>eliies in ?tead olgii-dlcs v\iih Mime line while bomba-t cloth: tiiey liaiie breeches after

liie order of the Turk^: iliev weare on their feet plaine high things called of them .Vspergh,

and at llieir cares they hauc h.mging gre.it plentv ofuolde.

Hcliirniiig to mv \ovage, when we were li gelher in Ancola, one of inv companions that h.id
nolhing lo lose, tooke a guide, and \>cnt to (Joa, uhiiher thev g--.- in lourc davcs, the other
I'ortugall not being ili-p(i>ed to i;o, taried in .\neola for that U ii'\r. The Winter in those
pails of the Indies b.ginneth the til'tceiith of Mav, and l.istelli \nto the end of October: and ,
.1-. we were in Ancola, liierc lanic another Mareh;uit of horses in a palanehine, and two I'ortu-
gall souldiei's ivliieh came from /eilan.and two eariers ol Ictlci-s, whidi were Christians Ixirne
in the Indies ; all the^e consorieil to g^ie to (ioa together, ;iiid I determined to :;iie with them,
and caused :i pallam hine to be made for me \cr\ jjoorelv ol' C'anes ; and in one of them
Canes I liid jiriiiiU all the iewils 1 h:id, ;nHl according to the order, 1 tooke eight I'ali liiiics
t:)(aryme: and one d,i\ about eieui'ii of the cliike wee set forwards on our iourncv, and
about two of the liocke in the :iftcniooiie, as we passed a mountainc which diuideth the ter-
ritory of .Vncola and Di.ilcan, I being a little bchinde mv compaiiv was assaulted by eight
thceues, foiire of them hail swordc^ and targets, and the other foure had bowes and ar-
rowes. When the I'.ili hiocs lh:il e;irricd me viiderstood the noise of the assault, thev let
the pallam liine and me I'.ill to tlie gn und. :ii:d r.innc aw;iv ,iiul left me alone, with my clothes
wrapped abpiit me: pre-eiit!\ tlie thecius we:e on mv iiecke ;ind rlleling me, tlu'\ stripped
me Starke n:ikcd, :md 1 lairu d my •iclfe -iekc. bee;ui-.e 1 wiuild imt le.iiie llu- ]);ill.i:u hine, and I
had m:ide me .i l.itle beilde of m\ clothes; the thceues s(>ught it verv ikutowK and subtiMv,
ami found iwn puixes that I liad, well b;iund vp together, wherein I h;id put m\ Copper
money which 1 had (hanged for foiiii' pagodies in .\iuiila. fhe thecues thinking it h.id beenc
so many duckats of golde, siarchcd no further ; then thev threw all mv clothes in a bush, and
hied them away, and a^* (Jod would haiie it, at their departure there fell from them an hand-
kerchcr, and when 1 saw it, I rose from mv I'allanchine or couch, and tooke it \p, .ind wrapped
it to.cthcr .ithin mv I'.ill.uichine. 'fhen tliese m\ I'.ili hines were ( f so good condition, that
they returneil to sicke nice, whereas 1 tlioiiuht 1 should not haiie found so mm h goodnesse in
them: bcau'-c tliey were p;iyed their monv alore'iand, ;is is the \sc, I had thought to haue
secne th- ni no more. lietore thiir comniiiig 1 w;is dctcrniined to |)liKke the Cane wherein
in) icwels were hiilden, out of my couli li, ,ind to h uie m;ide me a w.dking stalfe to carrv in
my hand to (>oa, tl. inking that I shonid h.uie gone thither on foot, but by the laithfullncss of
at I'i.U hines, 1 was lid ol' that trouble, and su in lourc daves thev carried me to (ioa. in

whii l\

riuir Winter ,
iir Suiiinur.

fP '

f<. M '

\'l' '■

1 ■: c\

ftM -4

..i '.i f>

mM'i

>ii.

;430

iortr«i't' (hi

il-iiell is a vcr\
A- t'ut CO; ;itir\.

Iinmif' to tl't.
kiM^ vt IN It-..

.■• I' ■„■.,,

;■• .• -V ■■ (

Khuli;." !

lv< .•:.-;-•!.:;.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

J»/. Cdfsor Frederick.

whirh time I made hard fare, for the thceues left me neither money, golde, nor sihier, and
that which I did cat was f;iucn me of my men for Gods sake ; and after at my rommin" to
Goa I payed them for eucry thing royally that 1 had of them. From Goa I departed for
Cochin, which is a voyage of three hundred miles, and betwecne these two cities are irin-
ny holdcs of the Portiigals, as Onor, Mangalor, Barzelor, and Cananor. The Hokle or Fori
that you shall haue from Goa to Cochin that bclongcth to the Portugals, is called Onor, whicli
is in tlic kingdonie of the quccne of Ballacella, which is tributary to the king of Hezcncgcr ;
'here is no trade there, but onelv a charge with the Captaine and company he kee|)cth there
And passing this place, vou shall come to another small castle of the Forlugals called Mant;a-
lor, and there is \cry small trade but oriely for a little Rice ; and from thence you goe to a lit-
tie fort called Bazdor, there they haue good store of Rice which is carried to Goa : and from
flicnce vou shall goe to a city called Cananor, which is a harquebush shot di^tant from ilu-
( iiiefcst city that}' king of Cananor hath in his kingdome being a king of the ('entiles: and
he & his are very naughty & malicious people, alwayes hauing delight to be in warres viih
the Portiigales, and when they are in peace, it is for their interest to let their mercliandi/i'
passe: there goeth out of this kingdom of Cananor, all the Cardamomfi, great store nf I'm.
per, (linger, llonie, ships I.idcn with great Nuts, great quantitie of Archa, which is a fruit i.|
the liiguc-sc of Nutmegs, which fruitc they eate in all those partes of the Indies and l)e\oml
the Iii'li<s, with the leafe of an Uerbe which thev call Bettell, the which is like vnto oiirliiii"
ieafe, but a litlc lesser and thinner: they eate it made in plaisters with the lime made of Oi,.
tershcls, and thorosv the Iiulies thev spend great quantitie of money in this coinposiiimi, jn,!
it is vsed dailv, whi<h lhin<; I would not haue beleeucd, if I had not scene it 'f lie < ustoiiur.i
get great j)ni|iie by these Hcrbes, for that they haue ctistome lor them. When this people
eate and chawe this in their moiithes, it maketh their spittle to bee red like vnto blood aii'j
they say, that it makell\ a m,-«n to haue a very good stomacke and a s\seete brealli, but sure in
m\ ind'^ement they eate it rather to fullill their (ilthie lustes, and of a kuauerie, for thisllerhc
is nidvsi nnd iiole, iS; maketh a verv strong e\|>ulsioii. I'ro Caiiantr vi-u go to Cr.M);;;\n"r,
whi( li is anolluT sioal Fort of the Porlu:,'ales in the l.iiid i>f die king of Crauuannr, whidi n
anoliur king of the (ieiitik's, and a (ountrev of small ini|)nrlaiuc, and of an huiulreih a!;(|
tweulie miles, lull of thii'nes, being viiiler the king of ("alii ul, a kini; als.v of the (ienlilc'i,
and a great enciiiie to the Portugalts, whicli when hee is ab>a\es in uarres, hee and his coini-
trev is the nest and rcslinj; for stranger theeues, and those bee called .Nfnores of Carpos.i, he.
cause they weare on their heads lotig red hats, and these ihieues part the spovlcs that lhi\
take on tlie Sea witii the king of Calicut, for hee giueth leaue Mito all that will goe a nniiii.-,
lilieraily to goe, in such wise, that all alon;; that coast there is such a ninnbcr of ihieues. th.t
there is no saiiini,; in those Seas but \siih ^reat >t;ips and \(r\ well armed, or els iliev inii.i
go in coMip.un with the army of the PcTtuunl-. From Cranganor to Co( hin is l.>. miies.

Corhiii

COriiin i-, iu\t \iito (ioj, tlie cliicfest place that the I'orlug.iles haue in the ln<liis, :in,l
lliere is gre;it Iraile ol Spices, drui;i;es, and all oiIut sorlcs ( f mere liandi/e jnr the kiMi;iloM'.t'
I'f I'ortugale, and there \\ithin the land is the kinu'ii'ine of I'l pper, wiii.h l'ep|ier tlie 1'. r-
iUL;!iles lade in their sLippes In I iiike, and not in sat kcs : the l'e[)per that goeih for I'ortu-
gale is not so go<id as thai wlm h ^oelh for Mecca, hecaiise thai in times p:i«t tlie oflicer- of
llie king of I'orluu;ile made a ( onlrai I with the km;.: "f (Ocliin, in the n.niie cl' the kiiojif
I'orti'galc, lor tlie prizes ol' |'( pper, and by rea-on ol tli:it a'.;rceinent lulueene them at lli.ii
Iiiiie made, the priic can neilher ri-e iic r lall. which is a \(tv lov\e and bn-.! jirii e, and I'l r
this catisc the illaiics brin^ it to the I'.'rlugiiles, ;;reeiie n i full ol lilihe The Moores .1
Mecca that giue a belter price, haue it ele:ine and drie, and belter rondilioncd. All the
Spices and drugs tii.it are l)roii;;hl to Mecca, an- ^I illen from thi-nce as ('oiitrahaiida. Co( hin
Is turi ( iti,>^, one of the l'orlug:iles, and another of the king of Cochin : tli.il of the I'ortii-
gales is situate neerest \ nio the .Sea, and that of the kiiii; of Coi hin is a mile and a IkiIIc \ ji
higher in the land, but thev are both set on the baiikes of one riiicr wlucli is very L:re:il ami

Casar Frederick.

M. Cxmr Frederick.

TRAFFTQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

361

s composilKui, ,

of a good depth of water, which riiicr commeth out of the inountaincf) of the king of the
Pepper, which is a kino of the Gentiles, in whose kingdom are many Christians of saint
Thomas order: the kins; of Cochin is also a king of the Gentiles and a great faithfull friend
to the kinij of Portugale, and to those Portngalcs which are married, and arc Citizens in
the Citie Cochin of the Portugales. And by this name of Portngalcs throughout all the
Indies, they call all the Christians that come lut of the West, whether they bee Italians,
Frenchmen, or Almaincs, and all they that marric in Cochin do get an office according to
the trade he is of: thin they haue by the great priuileges which the Citizens haue of that
city, because there are two principal commodities that they dealc withal in that place, which oreatiiriuiittc;
arc these. The great store of Silkc that commeth from China, and the great store of Sugar of^'cochinhi''
which commeth from Bcngala : the married Citizens pay not any custome for these two com-
modities: for all other commodities thev pav 4. j)er cento custome to the king of Cochin,
rating their goods at their owne pleasure. Those which arc not married and strangers, pay
in Cochin to tlie king of Portugale eight per cento of all maner of merchandise. I was
in Cochin when the Viceroy of the king of Portugale wrought what hce coulde to breakc
the priuilege of the Citizens, and to make them to pav custome as other did: at which
lime the Citizens were glad to waigh their Pepper in the night that they laded the ships
wilhall that went to Portugale and stole the custome in the night. The king of Cochin hau-
iiig vnderstanding of this, would not suller any more Pe|)per to bee weighed. Then pre-
sently alter this, the marcliants were licensed to doe as tiiey did before, and there was no
more speach of this matter, nor any wrong done. This king of Cochin is of a small power
in respect of the other kings of the Indies, for hce can make hut seuentie thousand men of
amies in his canipe : liee iiatii a great number of (ientlemen which hee calleth Amochi, and
some are called Nairi : these two sorts of men estecine not their lines any thing, so that it
mav 1)1' for the honour of their king, they will thrust ihemselucs forward in eiiery danger,
illlKuigli llu'\ know tliey shall die. These men goe naked IVcmi the girdle vpwardes. with a
ilullie ri'ilid al)()iil their tliigh-i, iioiiig barefooted, and hailing their haire verv long and rolled
\|) tii^ellier on the li)p|)e of their heads, and :ilwaycs iliey carrie their liucklers or Targets
wild tiiem and their swordes naked, these Nairi haue their wines common amongst tliem-
seUies, and when anv of Miein goe into the hoiise of any of tiiese women, hee leauetli his
svvorde and target at the doo,-, and the ti>'.ie that hee is there, there dare not any bee so
liarilie as 111 Kinie into that house. i'liv i^nigs children shall not inherite the kingdome after
ihi'ir lathir, liecause th< \ hold ihi-^ opinion, that per( hance ihev were not begotten of the king
liuir lailier, i)nt of some oilier man, tlurelore iliev .iccept for their king, one of the sonnes
of the kingx sisier<, or ( f some other woman of the lilood roial, lor that they be sure they
are of ilie bhiod roiall.

The N.iiri and their wines vsc for a liraueric to make great holes in their cares, and s(j Avtiv,„a,.jr
hii.;.;e and wide, that it i> iiureilible, holding litis opinion, that the greater the holes bee, bc'^k-tufd! '
llie more noble they esteeme ihemselucs. I had leaue of one of them to measure the cir-
(iimference of one of tlieni with a threcd, and within that circumference 1 put mv arme vp
I.I the MJiinilder, ( lothed as it was, so that in ell'et t they are monstrous great. T'hus thev doc
make them when they be litle, for then thev open the eare, & hang a piece of gold or Ic.id
ihertal, >v within the (ipeiiing, in the Imle thev put a certaine leale that thev haue for that
purpose, whii h maketh tl;e hole -d great. Thev lade ships in Cm hin for Portugale and for Or-
iniis, lull thev that goe lor Or'-.uis larrie no Pepper hot bv Contrabanda, as for Sinamomc
liuv e.isilie gel le.iiie to < ,i;, ie that awav, lor all oliur S|)i( es ami drugs they mav liberally
larie tlicm to OrnuiMir C.unliaia, an<l so all oilier merchandi/.e which eome from oilier places,
hut out ol the kingdom of Cochin properlv tliey earv aw.iv with them into I'orlugale great
ahuiulance of Pepper, great quantilie of (iinger dried and con-icrued, wild Sinamom, good
((U.mtilie of Arena, great store of Cdrdage of Cairo, made of the barke of the tree of the
ureal Nut, and belter then that of lletnpe, of which ihev carrie great store into Portugale.

i'lie shipjies eiiery yeere depart from Codiin to goe tor I'orlugill, on the lift day of De- ^""l^^ '^'J'-'"
u'inber, or tiie lilt day ol lanii.irv. Nowe to follow mv vo\ age for the Indies: from Co-hlnxQosijT
(iiin I went to Coulam, dmiant IVom Cot hin semiiiie .md Hso mile-;, which Coulam i< a small

Fort

;',» ; «

;i; 4

II .

< IS 111! ! .«

;^o2

r-rr *'-

.ICC. ^C.! ..-■•

V jl.ji: e t' li.c

I JI1CI. wL lii

ihtv v.. 1 li,

ru'iv cii-ii !*

4, ..r Hii'i, ji.l

Iiu- C llHtl tl /

,,M-.t'.ri, ... .

c. J't-rt witii

h ilcl Ml It,

ulu..!) I»r n;.'.Jc

hy dc.'trc^ r I t

fc.n y jH-iUi

•vujiaJ.

VOYACES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ca-sar Frederick.

Fort of the kiiiR of Portngalcs, siiiiiitc ii) the kingdom of Cotilam, which Im a kiiip of thp
(irnlilcs, and of small trade; at liiat place they lade oiu-ly hnll'c a ship of I'l'ppcr, and (hcii
she jjoetii to Cochin to take in tlu- rest, and I'roni thence to Cao Comori is sciieniie and u^o
miles, and there endeili tiie coast of the Indies : and alonj^st (his coast, iiccre to the w.urr
side, and also to t'ao Comori, downe to the lovve land of ("hiaion, which i>. about two lim,.
dred miles, the |)eoi)le there are as it were all turned to the Christian faith: there aiv also
('luir( lies of the I'ricis of S. I'aids order, which Triers doe very much ^ood in those place,
in turning the people, and in i oniiertinj; them, and t.ike great paiiies in instructing the

in III

iht

Christ.

The (Ishiim for I'carles.

flic otilpr how
llu-y lish Ivit

TUc Sea that iieili iielweene the coast which desccndeth from Cao Comori, to the Inwo land

nf CI

id tlie Hand Zeilan, they call the fi^hiiif; of I'earle^, whi( h h^hinJ^ they inalvc

id it lasteth (iltie dave», hut they doe not tislic

cutrv veere, heninniiif; in .March or Ajiril

ciierv veere in one |)lace, hut one \eere in one |)lace, and another veere in another jjlace of
the same sea. When the time of this lishinij draweih necre, then ihev send very seotl Di-
uers, that );oe to disiouer where the j;reatest heapes of Oisiers bee vndcr water, and ri^'hi
ai;avii>t tliat place wiiere jjreatest store of Oisiers hee, there thev make <ir |)lant a \illa.:f
uith houM> and a Ha/aro, all of stone, which slandelh as long a-, the (lulling lime iasleih,

III it is lurnishcil witii all things necessarie, and iiowe ami then it is neere \

nto pi

aces ilui

are inhabited, and other times f.irre oil", according to the |)ia( e where the\ li>.lie. 1 he 1 i>lur-

\\ill ina\ <;oe to lishing, paving a id

men ure a

11 C

liristiaiis of ilie coiinlrev, and wli

laiiie dulie to the kini; of rorliigall, and to the Churches of the I'riers nf S.iiiit rauie. wWiiU
are in tint coa-l. .Mi the while that tin v are (ishiiig, there are three or fmire l-'us|es aniidl
to delei;d the rishermen from I{i tiers It was niv chance to bee there one lime in iiu pas-
sage, and I s;iw the iirder that thev xsed in lishiiig, which is this. There are three or I'liiin-
Jkirkes thai in. ike coii^-nrt together, wliich are like to our litle Pilot boates, and a litle \v^<c,

id I h.iiie scene in a morning a great niinilu-r < I

time

■ seiii 11 !■[■ i lulit men in a boate

them tioe mil

aiK

.1 anker in filiceiie (>r ei"liteeiie ladoiue of w.iter, which is the Oidi

depth of all that coast When thev are at anker, thev cast a rope into the Sea, and al ihc
elide of the rojie, the\ make l.ist a gre.it >t lie, .mil then there is rcadie a man that halli h

and Ills e.ues wi

■11 s|,

■<1.

nut anni 1

iited \Mlh o\ l(

a basket about his iiei ke, or

is lelt ariue, tlicn hi c uncili dowiie In the rope

to th

le bntiome o

Sea, and as fist .|.

Ill hee lillelh the Ii.isket, and when it is lull, he shakelli the rope, and hi> fellowes tli.il .1
in the liarke hale him \|) with the basket : and in such wise thev goe one bv one vntill ila
haiie lailcii llieii b.irke with o\s|irs, and at etiening thev ccine to tiie village, and then em
ciim|>any m.iketh their moimt.iine or heape 1 f ovstersime distant from anotlier, in such wi
lh..t voii sl;:i|| see a gnat lung rowe of moiiiit.uiies or heapes of ovsteis, .nid thev are n
tl iiilud M.lill siich time a- ti.e (ishiiig bee ended, and at Itie elide of the lishinij eucrv

lanie snii

til round about their inounlaine or lu.ipe o( ov-ters. .iiul lall tn npe

nin<

whiili thev m.iv easilic doe because thev bee dead, iiii<-airi brillli

id il

pearles in t.;ein, it wi iild bee a ver\

punhasc, l.iil there are \erv

I 111;
1)1 llieir

ei:erv ovsier li.i I
manv that liaiie ii^

juarles in them : wiieii the lishiniz is eiidei.', thin tlii\ see whether it bee a gnod yatluriii.;
or a bailile : there are leriai' e e\pert in the pearle.s whom thev call Ciiitini, which set ami
make the jiriK- of ji arlcs at i onli'i;; to their larracts, bpaiitie, and goodnessc, m.ikinL' I'lire

iirtes of liiei'

■file lost s,,]i lice I

le ri iiiiil iie.uk

thev be lalhd Aia of I

('rliii;ale,

beiause the I'orlU'.;aies due Inn them. 1 he stcnnd surte which are iiniroiinii. are callul .\:a

of IJellg;
that is l(

le tiiiril sfirt wliicli are lu

sjiiod as the sei Olid, the\ c.ill .\ia of C.iii.i

•a\

the kiP'udniiie of Hr/(-'ie'.;cr. liie IimmiIi and last soil.

Willi 11 are the le.ist

a;i(| wor-t siil, are call<

J Ai

if C

Ills the price being set, there are nun liaiit

e' ciy cru:ilre\ \v iii h are reailie with tlieir in iiev 111 their

II iii'iii \ n il t

hiliiU

I thai in a few*

all i> 1
1,1 liiii Si

I rises set aiiordiH'^ in (lie '_;i ovliiesse and caiaits i I the pearles.
tlij li-iuiig I'l pe.ules is ,111 Hand called .Maiiar, wliiili is iiihabilcil b\ C

lia:

Cieiar Frederick.

lis iinkc, or viu!i:

M. Ca-sar Frederick. THAFFIQUl-S, AND DISC0UERIR8. S5i»

lians of the coinitrpy which first were Gcnliles, and hauc a sin:ill hold of the Portiigalcs being

ditiiate oner a);aynst Zcilan : and betwccnc these two Hands there is a chanell, but not very

big, and hath but a small depth therein : by reason whereof there cannot any \^reai shippe

|)ass»- that way, but small ships, and with the inrrease of tlic valcr which is at the change or

the full of the Moone, and yet for all this they must vnlade ihem and put their floods into

imall vessels to lif;hten them before they r;ui jjas-ie that way for i'eare of Sholdes that lie in

(he chanell, and after lade them into their sliippcs to fjoe for l)ir buiies, and this doe all small

^llippes that passe that vsay, but those shijipes that j;oe for the Indies Ea^twardes, passe by

the coast of Coromandel, on the other side by ilie land of riiilao which is l)etweene the firmc

land and the Hand Manor: and going from the Indies to the coast of Coromandel, they loose

some shi|)peji, but they bee eniptie, because that the shipjies that pan.se that way discharge

iheir goods at an Hand called I'eripat.nie, and there land their goot'>.> into small flat bottomed

boates 'vliiih drawe litle water, and arc called Tane, and can run nuer oucry Shold without

cither danger or losse of any thing, for that they tarrie in I'erii>atanc vntill such time an it bee

faire weather. Hel'ore thcv d.'part to passe the Sholdes, the small shippes and flat bottomed

boates goe together in coinpanie, and when they haue sailed sixc and tliirlie miles, they arriue

at the place where the Sholdes are, and at that place the windcs binwe so forciblic, that ther

are forced lo coe thorowe, not hauing any other refuge to sane ihemselues. The flat bottomed

boates ;;oe safe ihorow, where .xs the small shipper if they misse the aforesayd chanell, sticke

fast on the Sholdes, and by this meanes many arc lo-^t: and comming backe from the Indie«,

ihev goe not that way, but p.isse by the chanell of Manar as is abouesayd, whose chanell is

Oazie, and if the shippes siicke f;tst, it is great chance if there be any danger at all. The

reason \\h\ this chanell is not more sure to goe thither, is, because the windes that raignc or

blowc bclweene /eilau and Manar, make the chanell so shalow with water, that almost there

is not anv p.issa;:c. l-'roui Cao Comori to the Hand of Zcilan is 120. miles ouerthwart.

Zcilan.

ZF.il.ui i- an Hand, in my iudgeinent, a great dcaJc bigger then Cyprus; on that side to-
wards the Indies Ivinj; Westward is the citie called Colinnba, which is a hold of the I'crtugalcs,
hut without wallesor eniinie-;. It bath towards the Sea a free port, the lawftill kin^^ of that
Hand is in Colunibo, and is lurne«l Christian and maintained by the king of Portugall, being
(lc|)riued of his kingdome. The king of the (Jentilcs, to whom this kingdomc did belonif,
\.3s called Madnni, which had two sonnes, the lir^t named Harbinas the prince ; and the second
Hugiiie. 'I'his king bv the pollicic of his yoongcr sonne, was depriucd of his kingdoMic,
who because hce h;i,l cniised an<l done that wliich pleased the annie and souldiours, in despight
iif his father and brother being prince, \suipcil the kingdome, and became a great warriour.
First, this Hand had three kings; the king of Ci tia with his i-onqucrcd prisoners : the king
(if C.india, which is a part of that Hand, and is so called by the name of Candia, which bad
.1 r('as<inable power, and was a great friend to tiic I'orlugals, which savd that hce lined secretly
.1 Christian ; the thinl was the king of (Jianifampatan. In thirtccne yceres that this Hagine
'.^(iiicrned this Hand, he became a great tyrant.

1m this Hand there gniwcth line Sinaniom, great store of Pepper, great store of Niittes
and .\rochoe : tlu-re they make great store of Cairo to make Cordage ; it bringcih foorih great c»iroiiiiiiirr
store (pf Christ.ill Cats eyes, or Ochi de (iati, and they say that they linde tiicic some Rubies, '^"|*'^J',™]J'
Init Tii.uie «iilil Hubics well there th;it I bn ught with me from Pegu. I was desiious to see which ii the
l>,)\v the\ ;.aliicr the Sinaniom, or take it lioni the tree that it groweth (ii, ;u)(l sxi much the''"'"'''"""'
fjfhcr, because the time that I was there, was the season which thev g ither it in, which was
in the nionetii of Aprill, at which time the Portugals were in armes, and in the field, with the
king of the c<'Unlrey ; yet I to satislie my desire, although in great danger, tooke a guide
with tnee ami went into a wood three miles from the Citie, in which wood was great store of
kiiiainoine trees growing together among other wilde trees; and this Sinamome tree is a
"iniall tree, and not \vx\ higli, and hath leaiies like to our IJaie tree. In the moneth of March -[hcuKniij «,
or Ajirill. when the »appe gotlh vp to the toppe of the tree, then they take the Sinamom Bxhci'is"'

v«L. II. Z z Irom

! '

\'''l '1

'ill

*»

'1«

.'1

!'l

< !

I . 1

■\iu^

JI.4

<i ijr thiiigc.

VOYAGES, NAIJIGATIONS,

Jl. Camr FrtderUk.

8. Thnmjt I..1

A f>:(inte(I kind
of cIotIi \ dictl
of dniprs i()-
loiirt \^li:' li
thott [ .:| If de
ligtit muth in,
and f tr -iiu-
tlicm of grt«t
prUe.

liom that tree i)i this ^vis^•. Tlicy tut the l)arkc of the tree roiiiul about in length fmin knot
Id knot, or IVdin ioiiit to ioint. iiboiu- and hclowc, anil iht-n cHilic with ihiir haiuhy ihcy
lake it away, liiyin^ it in the Siinnc to dric, and in this wine it is j{alhcred, and \(t for all thi^i
the tree dieth not, but anayntit the next yeere it will h -iir a new Larke, and thai which is jr,,.
thercd cnery yeere it the l)C(«t Sinainonie: for that whiiii ^roweth two or thre;- ye.iren i«
i^rcat, and not so good an the other is ; and in these wondM jfrowelh inueh I'eppcr.

Negapatnn.

FHom the Hand of Zeilan men vsc to jroc with small sliip|)cs to Ne^apatan, within the
tirnie land, aiui -.euentie twoniiles otV is a very gr<'al Cilif, and very poi)ulons ol" l'ortii<>,ils
and Christians "f the eoiinlre\, and part Gentiles: it is a countrev of small trade, iiciilicr
liaue rhcv anv trade ihirc, saue a f^ood tpiantiiie of Hire, and cloth vi liumhait wliii li tlnj
earic inlodiiieP' ])arles; it was a very plentilnll (onnire) of vidnaN, l)ul now ii halh a (;rc;ii
<Ieale le>se ; and that abundance of \ ictuals caiNCd many I'drtugalrs to goc ihiihcr and liiii!(|
houses, and dwell there with small char<;e.

This ('tie belonjictli to a noble ntan of the kingdonie of Ikv.cne;;er being a (icntiic,
nciierllu'li ->>o the I'ortngales and other ("hrisliaiis are well inireated there, and hane iluii-
Churches ilicre with a nionasicrie (d' Saint I'rancis order, with great deuoiioii and vers wril
aciomnioilated, v^iih houses round about: yet lor all this, they are anion;;sl Ivraiit-, wliidi
aiwaves at their pleasure inav doe ihein some harme, as it happened in the yeer<' of our l.(.|i|
(Jod one thousand line hundred, »i\tie and due; lor I remember \cr\ well, how tlial ilu'
Nayer, that is to sav, the lord of lIu" cilie, -cnt to the citi/cns to deni;iuml ol lliern ccilaiiic
Arabian horses, and lhc\ hauini; denied ihcni \nio him, ami ;;aincsa\d his dem.Miiul, it lain.'
to pas>e that llii- Imd had a desire to -ce the Sea, which v\hcn the poore < ili/cns vuderstmul,
they doubled -ome cuill, lo he;ire a thing which wa- not wnont to bee, lhe\ thought tiiat
this man would come to sai ke the Cilie, and prescnlK thev emb irked ihemselnes the l>r<t
thev could with their inodueablcs, iiiarchandi/e, iewels, moiie\, ,'nid all ihat lhe\ had, ami
caused the shi|)pes to put from the shore. When this was dene, as iluir euill < hanic would
hane it, the next nii;ht follnwiiig. ihere came sue h a great storme that it put all the s!ii|)p(.,
on land perforce, and brake them to piece'*, and all the goods that cauie on land and wiTi-
s.iucd, were taken Irom lliein b\ the simidiours and armie of ihi.-- lord which came dowiic
with him to see ihc .Va, ..:iil were aitendnnt at the Sea side, not thinking that aiij such thin"
would hane ha|)pened

Saint Thomas or San Tome.

ritom Negapatan fullowin:; m\ \oyage towards the Uasi an hinulred and fil'iie miles. I
loiind the lii.ii-c 111' blessed Saint I hoiuas, which is a Chun h of great deuniion, and greatly
regarded of the lienliles for the great miracles they haiie heard to banc bene done In ihai
blessed Apostle: ncere \ nio this Church the I'ortugals hane builcled them a Citie in |l e
counirev subiec t lo the kiiiu of Be/eneger, which citie although il bee not \erv great, \tl
in ins iiidgemeiit il is the fairest in all thai part of the Indies: and il halli \erv faire hiniscs
and I. lire gardens in vacant places \erv well accommodated: it h.ilh streete.-i large and
streight, with manv Chine lies of great cic'uotion, lluir lunises be set close one vnto ancillur,
with litlli; doores, cuery house h;ith his defence, so tlul b) thai meanes il is of force sulli-
lienl I' 1 defend y I'nrlugals ;maiiisl the people of tli:it counirev. The I'ortugrds there haiie
no other posses-,iiiii but their gardens ;inil houses tli.it are within the citie: the ciistomes be-
long to the- king of He/enegcr, which ;ui' very s'njll and easie, for that it is a counirev of
great riches and great trade: there come euery yeere two or three gre:it ships \ery rich, he-
sides many other small shi|)s: une of the two great ships gneth for I'egii, and the other for
Malacca, laden with line liiniJiasi cloth of euery sort, painted, wliicli is a rare ihiiig, be-
cause those kiiide of clothes -hew as ihcy were gilded with diners colours, and the inure
they be washed, the liuelier the colours will shew Also ihere is other i loili of HiiiiiIkisI
which is wouca with diucrs colours, and is of great value: also they m.ikc in Saiit 'I'dnie

jjrwt

'!/i.|';',/;u1

^m>\

:itr I'rcdcrick.

M. Casar Frederick.

TUAITIQUr.S, AND DISCOUKIUKS.

f^rraf utorp of red Yiirnc, whirl) they die with n rootf ( ailed Suin, and lliis colour will npucr
wiiHte, but the more it i« wanhcd, ilic iiimr redder it will shew: thc\ lade thiN yanie the
jjrrateNt part <i(' it I'it l'e>;u, because that ilieri- iliey worke and weaiic it tn make cloth
accordiii,!.; to their owiie l.ishion, and widi h>ser chiirfiei. Ii i- a niariicli'u^ iliiiij; to Ihem
which haiie not scene the lading and vnladin); ol" men I'.iid nu-rchandi/e in S. Tome as they
do; it is a pi ice no il.niijcronH, that a man cannot hee scnied with small barkc-i, neither can
they doe their bu'<in(Hiie with the boates olthe sliinpcs, because thev woidd be b( ilen in a
thousand pieces, but the\ make ccriaine barkes (ol purpose) hiiih, wliidi ih-.-y c;;ll Ma-iadic,
they be made oC litle boards; one hoard beioff -.ow* d to another wiih small cordes, ami in
this onler arc thev made. Anil when they are thus niaile, and ihc owners will endiarke any
lliinj; in them, cither men or >; lods, thrN lade them oti land, and when they are laden, the
liarke-nien thrust tlu- boato wiiii her ladin!; into i!u' -ircame, aiui with jjreat speed ihey
make haste all lh.it they are able to rowe out against liic liuue waues <A' the sea that are on
that shore, vnlill that the) rarie tlieni to l!ic ships: and in like mancr l|\ey lade these
Masailies at the ship|)es whh merchandi-ie .owl men. Wlien tluy conn- nrere the shore, the
Itarke-men leaji <iut of the llarke into the Sea lo kecjic the Harkc right tiial she cast
nut thwart the shore, and beiuj; kept right, the Sulie ol' the Sea -eltolh her lailing dry on
land without an^ hurt or danger, and sometimes there are some of ilicm that are onertiirowen,
liut there <an be no great losse, because they lade l.ul a litle at a linu*. All the marchan-
di/e thev lade outwards, they einball it well whh Ove hid.es, so lliat if it take wet, it can
haue no great harnie.

Ill luv vova^'i', rilurning in the veere of our i.orddod one ihousaiul, liiie hundred, sixtie
and -JM-, I went Irom (loa vnto Malacca, in a »hippe or (i illion of tiie king of I'oiUigal,
whi( li V cut viiio li.mda lor lo lade Nutmei;-. iv; .\la(e-<: from Cioa to Mal:ic( a are one thou-
sand eight humlicd miles, we p.Hvnl wilhoiit the Hand /eilan, atid went through the thanell
of Nieiiliar. or eU ihrt'Ugli the ch.iuell of SombjMo, which is bv the middle ol' the Hand of
Sumalr.i. calhil m olde lime Taproliana: and Irom Nirub.ir to I'egn is ,is it were a rowe or
cli.iine ol an inlinite number ot ll.uids, ol wliii h m.uiv are inhabited with wilde people,
aii(l thev imII tliose Hands the Hands of .\ndemann, and thev call their |)erple manage or
wilile, beeau-e ilicy cate one another: also tlu'-e Hands bane warre one with another, I'or
they ti:.'ue small Harke>i, and with tliem they take one another, and so eale one another:
and il'liv end chain e anv 'diij) be lost on those Hands, as many h.n.e bene, there is not one
man ol' those ^U\\\> lo.^t there that eMMpeth unalen <ir\nslaine. liuT people liauc not anv
arqiiaiiitance with anv other people, neitiier liane thev trade with an\, but line oneK of
such I'ruiles as those ll;ind- veelil: and il anv -liip come neere vnto that place or coast a,s
thev pnsse that w.w, as in my v 'i age it h.ippencd ;is I came from .\lalac(a ibrough the
chanell of Sombrero, tlicre i ,une two "I' their jiarke-- mere vnto oni ship laden with friiite,
as with Mouccs whicli wee tall Ad:nn> apple™, with Iresh Nuts, and \\ilh .1 Irinle callid Inuni,
which friiite is like to onr 'rnrne|>s, but is \ery swceir and gotnl to e.ite; they would not
come into the shippe lor an\ thing that wee could doe: neither would they take any money
for their frnite, Imt thev wmild truckc for olde ■.liirtes or pieces of olde linnen breeches,
these ragges thev let downe with a ro|ie into their J'>arke\nIo them. ai\d looke what they
thou:;hl tho«e things to bee woorth, so mucii Iruile thev would m.ike last to the rope and
let \s hale it in: and it w:is told mc that at s<nneti:nes a man sh.ill bane for an old shirt a
ui'od j)iccc of Andicr.

.Siiniaira.

■fllis Hand of Sumatra is a great Hand and deuid<c! and goucrned by main kings, and de-
luded into many chanels, where through there is passage: \|)on the headland fowariles the
West is the kingdom of Assi gonerned bv a Mnore king: this king is of great force and
strength, as he that beside his great kingdom, hath many I'oists aud Gallics. In his kingdom
grow<'ll» great store of I'epper, Ciinger, Heniamin: he is an \tter enemy to the I'ortugals,
and hath diners times bene at Malacca to tight against it, and hath done great harme to the

Z / -i boroughes

tn tht lland of

ll.inja they UJe
Nutnifv;* t-T
tht-re thfy grow

111 iUe lUrdi nf
/\iidcm3>in,l)iey
fate our anolher.

Tfif commoJi-
tirs t^atgrovr in
tlic kintidoni of
Aui.

■; *. '

1: 'W^'f

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

■ 30 "^

2.5

■^ 1^ III 2.2

1.8

1.25 1.4

1.6

6" —

►

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JSM

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

M. C(t»ar Frederick,

The kingdomc
of Aia.

Iwroughea thereof, but the citie alway withstood him valiantly, and with their ordinance did
great spoile to his campc. At length I came to the citie of Malacca,

The Citie Malacca.

The tmi iiidf MAIacca is a Citie of marueiloiis great trade of all kind of merchandize, which come from
tii« u .It Ma. jiup,.^ partes, because that all the shippes that saile in these seas, both great and small, are
bound to touch at Malacca to paie their riistome there, although they vnlade nothing at all,
as we doe at Elsinor: and if by night they escape away, and pay not their ciistome, then,
they fall into a greater danger after: for if they come into the Indies and haue not the seale
of Malacca, they pay double rustome. I haue not passed further then Malacca towards the
East, but that which I wil speake of here is by good information of them that haue bene
there. The sailing from Malacca towards the East is not common for all men, as to China
and lapan, and so forwards to go who will, but onely for the king of Portugall and his nobles
with leaue granted vnto them of the king to make such voiages, or to the iurisdiction of the
captaine of Malacca, where he expecteth to know what voiages they make from Malacca
thither, & these are the kings voiages, that euery yere there departeth frO Malacca 2. galliont
At the Moluc- of the kings, one of the goeth to J- Moluccos to lade Cloues, and the other goeth to Banda
CkiSfc '**''" to lade Nutmegs and Maces. These two gallions are laden for the king, neither doe they
rarie any particular mans goods, sauing the portage of the Mariners and souldiers, and for
this cause they are not voiages for marchants, because that going thither, they shal not haue
where to lade their goods of returne; and besides this, the captaine will not cary anv mar-
chant for either of these two places. There goe small shippcs of the Moores thither, which
come from the coast of laua, and change or guild their commodities in the kingdom of Assa,
and these be the Maces^ Clones, and Nutmegs, which go for the streights of Mecca. The
voiages that the king oi Portugall grantrth to his nobles are these, of China and lapan, from
China to lapan, and from lapan to China, and from China to the Indies and the voyage of
Bengala, Maluro, and Sondn, with the lading of fine cloth, and euery sort of Bumhasi
cloth. Sonda is an Hand of the Afoores neere to the const of laua, and there they lade
Theihipof Pepper for China. The ship that goclh euery yeere from the Indies to China, is railed the
ofthePoti^iil'.^'^'P °^ Drugs because she carieth diners clrugs of Cambaia, but the greatest part of her
lading is siluer. From Malacca to China is eighteene hundred miles: and from China to
lapan goeth euery yeere a shippe of grc.nt importance laden with Silke, which for returne of
their Silke bringeth barres of siluer which the\ truckc in China. The distance betwecne
China and lapan is fnure and twentie hundred miles, and in this way there are diners llaiub
not very bigge, in which the Friers of saint Paul, by the heipe of God, make many Christians
iiwd! net diic» there like to themselucs. From these Hands hitherwards the place is not yet discoucrcd for
'^"*' the great sholdncsse of Sandes that they find. The Portugals haue made a small citie ncrre

vnto the coast of China called Marao, whose church and houses are of wood, and it hath a
bishoprike, but the customs belong to the king of China, and they goe and pay the same at
a citie called Canton, which is a citie of great importance and very beautifull two daycs
iourney and a halfe from Macao. The people of China are Gentiles, and arc so iialous and
fearefull, that they would not haue a stranger to put his foote within their land: so that when
the Portugals go thither to pay their custome, and to buy their marchandize, they will not con-
sent that they shall lie or lodge within the citie, but send them foorth into the suburbes,
cwm u MKiei The countrey of China is neere the kingdom of great Tartaria, and is a very great countrey of
rf'iiK J^t""" the Gentiles and of great importance, which may be iudged by the rich and precious mar-
"^"V- chandize that come from thence, then which 1 beleeue there are not better nor in greater

quantitie in the whole world besides.

First, great store of golde, which they carie to the Indies, made in plates like to little
shippes, and In value three and twentie caracts a peece, very great al)otindance of fine silke,
cloth of damaske and taifata, great quantitie of muske, great quantitie of Occam in barres,
great quantitie of quicksiluer and of Cinaper, great store of Cam fora, an infinite quantitie
of Porcellane, made in veiaels of diuerse lortea, great quantitie of painted cloth and squares,

inviitc

M. Catar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

SS")

infinite store of the rootes of China: and euery yeere there commeth from Ch!na to the
Indies, two or three great shippes, laden with most rich and precious marchandise. The
Rubarbe commeth from thence ouer lande, by tlie way of Persia, because that euery yeere
there goeth a great Carouan from Persia to China, which is in going thither sixe moneths.
The Carouan arriueth at a Citie called Lanchin, the place where the king is resident with his a j-nij Cir»
Court. I spake with a Persian that was three yeeres in that citie of Lanchin, and he tolde JJcSS™ '"''*
me that it was a great Citie and of great importance. The voiages of Malacca which are in
the iurisdiction of the Captaine of the castle, are these: Euery yeere he sendeth a small
shippe to Timor to lade white Sandols, for all the best commeth from this Hand: there com-
meth some also from Solor, but that is not so good: also he sendeth another small ship
euery yere to Cauchin China, to lade there wood of Aloes, for that all the wood of Aloes
commeth from this place, which is in the firmc land neere vnto China, and in that king-
dome 1 could not knowe how that wood groweth by any meanes For that the people
of the countrey will not suffer the Portugales to come within the land, but onely for
wood and water, and as for all other things that they wanted, as victuals or marchandise,
the people bring that a bonrd the ship in small barkes, so that euery day there is a mart a matkci kipt
kept in the ship, vntill such time as she be laden: also there goeth another ship for the jj?^""*'**
said Captaine of Malacca to Sion, to lade Verzino : all these voiages are for the Captaine of* '"*
the castle of Malacca, and when he is not disposed to make these voiages, he selleth them
to another.

The citie of Sion, or Siam.

Slon was the imperiall seat, and a great Citie, but in the yeere of our LordGotl one thou-
sand fine hundred sixtic and scuen, it was taken by the kin>>; >.f Pegu, which king made a
voyage or came by landc foure moneths iourney with an armie of men through his lande,
and the number of his armie was a million and foure huiidrcth thousand men of warre : Aprin«of»
u'hcn hee came to the Citie, he gaue assault to it, and besieged it and twentie monethes ^^'^[1), ud
before he could winnc it, with great losse of his people, this I knov '.r that I ;vas in Pegui»*"-
sixe moneths after his departure, and sawe when that his officers 4 were in Pegu, sent
Hue hundrcth thousand men of warre to furnish the places of ihem that were slaine and
lost in that assault: yet for all this, if there had not beenc treason against the citie, it had not
becne lost: for on a nipht there was one of the jraJes set open, through the which with
};reat trouble the king gate into the citie, iiiul bciaine goucrnour of Sion: and when the
Emperour sawe th.it he was betrayed, .nnd that his encmie was in the citie, he poysoncd him-
selfe: and his wiues and children, frieiij'; and noblemen, that were not slaine in the first
affront of the entrance into the citie, ivere all caricd captiues into Pegu, where I was at the
(-omining home of the king with his triumphs and \iitoric, which comming home & return-
ing from the warres was a goodly si<;I)t to beh.)l(i, to sec the Elephants come home in a
square, lade.i with golde, sihier, iewels, and <sith Noble men and women that wore taken
prisoners in that citie.

Now to returne to my voyage: I departr ! Irom Malacca in a great shippe which went for
Saint Tome, being a Citie ^itu.lte on the i o.lsI of Coruniandel : and because the Captaine of
the castles of Malacca had vndcrstandi'i 1. iiy aduise that the king of * As.><i would come with • or Achm.
;< great armie and power of men agaiivt them, therefore vpon this he would not giuc licence
that any shippes should depart: Wlierefore in this ship wee departed from thence in the
night, without making any prouision of our water: and wi'<: were in that shippe foure hun-
drcth and odde men: we departed from thence with intention to goe to an Hand to take in
water, but the windes were so contrary, that they would not suffer vs to fetch it, so that by
this meanes wee were two and fortie daycs in the sea as it were lost, and we were driuen too
and fro, so that the first lande that we discouered, was beyonde Saint Tome, more then fiuc
hundreth miles which were the mountaines of Zerzerlinc, neere vnto the kingdome of Orisa, The mountaines
and so wee came to Orisa with many sicke, and more that were dead for want of water: and "^ ^'"'''°*"
they that were sicke in foure daycs dyed: and I for the space of a yeere after had my throat

!ii ;i

«.L II

m .'

358

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Cofsar Frederick.

'Hie commodi-
liri that go out
vf Oriu.
This cloth we
ullNettkdsth.

Thf riuer of
Clogri'

80 Hore and hoarse, thnt I could neiier satisfie my thintt in drinking of water: I iiidt^e the
reason of my hoarsencMe to bee with soppcs that I wet in vincger and oyle, wherrwiih I
sustcyned my selfe many dayes. There was not any want of bread nor of wine: but the
wines of that countrey are so hot that being dninlic without water they will kill a man:
neither are they able to drinke them: when wc bcgannc to want water, I sawe
certnine Moores that were oflicers in the ship, that snKIc a small dish Pull For a duckat,
after thLi I mwc one that would haue giuen a barre of Pepper, which is two quintalles and
a halfe, for a litle measure of water, and he could not haue it. Trucly I beleeue that I had
died with ray slaue, whom then I had to seruc mee, which cost mec verie dcare: but
to prouidc for the daunger at hand, 1 soldo my slaue for halfe that he was worth, be-
cause that I would saue his drinke that he drunke, to scrue my owne purpose, and to
saue my life.

Of the kingdomc of Orisa, and the riuer Ganges.

ORi.'ta was a faire kingdome and tnistie, through the which a iriin might hane gone with
goldc in his handc without any daunger at all, as long as the lawefull King reigned which
was a {Jenfilc, who continued in the citic called Catccha, which was within the land sixc
daycs iourney. This king loucd strangers marueiious well, especially inarchants which had
traflique in and out of his kingdome, in such wise that hoc would lake no custome of them,
neither any other gricuous thing. Onely the sliippc that came thither payde a small thini;
according to her portage, and euery yeere in the ])orl of Orisa were laden fine and twciitic
or thirtic ships great and small, with ryce and diners sortes of line white bnmhaste clusli,
oyle of Zerzeline which they make of a seed, and it is very gotxl to eate and to fry fish
withal, great store of butler, Lacca, long pepper, Ginger, Mirabolans dry and condiie, great
store of cloth of hcrbes, which is a kinde of silkc which groweth amongst the wnods without
, any labour of man, and when the bole thereof is growcii round as biggc .is an Orengc, then
they lake care onely to gather them. About sixtcene ycere-i past, this king with his king-
dome were destroyed by the king of Palane, whicli was aUo king of the greatest part of
Bengnia, and when he had got the kingdome, he set custome there twenty pro cento, as
Marchants paidc in his kingdome: but liiis tyrant enioyed his kingdome but a t*niall lime,
but was conquered by nnother tyrant, which was the grc;;l Mogol king of Agra, Dclly, and
of all Cainbaia, without anv resistance. I departed from Orisa to Hengala, to the harl)our
Piqneno, which is distant from Orisa towardes the Kast a hundred and seiientie miles. Tiicv
goe as it were rowing alongst the coast liflic and foure miles, and then we enter into the
riuer Ganges: from the mouth of this riuer, to a citie called Salaijnn, where the tnarch:nitf>
gather themseiues together with their trade, are ;i hundred miles, which they rowe in cigh-
teene houres with the increase of the water: in which riuer it (lowclh and ehbeth as it dotli
in the Thamis, and when the ebbing water is conic, they are not aide to rowe against it, hv
reason of the swiftnesse of the w. v, yet their barkes be light and armed witli oares, like tn
Foistes, yet they cannot preuaile against that streame, Iiut for refuge must make them fa>i
to the banke of the riuer vnlill the next flowing water, and they call these barkes Bazaras
and Patuas: they rowe as well as a Galliot, or ns well .is euer I haiic scene any. A gnod
tides rowing before you come to .Satagan, you shall haue a place which is called Bailor, and
from thence vpwards the ships doc not goe, because that vpwanles the riuer is very .shaliowe,
and title water. Ei^ery yeere at Huttor lliev make and vnmake a Village, with houses ami
shoppes made of strawe, and with all things necessarie to their vses, and this village stand-
eth as long as the ships ride there, and till they depart for the Indies, and when lliry arc
departed, euery man goeth to his plot of houses, and there setteth fire on them, which
thing made me to maruaile. For as I |)asscd vp to Satagan, I sawe this village standinjr
with a great number of people, with an inliniie number of ships and Bazars, and at my rc-
turne comming downe with my Caplaine of the last ship, for whom I tarried, I was al nnia/cd
to sec such a place so soune ra/ed and burnt, &i nothing left but the signe of the bnriit
houses. The small ships go to Satagan, and there they lade.

tisar Frederick.

M. Casar Frederick. TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

or the citic orSatan[an.

IN the port of Satagan eucry yeerc lade thirtie or (iue and thirtio ships great and small,
with rice, cloth of Bombast of diucrse sortes, Lacca, great abundance of sugar, Mirabolans
dried and presented, long pepper, oyle of Zerzeline, and many other sorts of marchandise.
The citic of Satagan is a reasonable f.iire citie for a citie of the Moores, abounding with all
things, and was gouerned by the king of Patane, and now is subiect to the great Mogol. I
was in this kingdomc foure moneths, whereas many marchants did buy or fraight boates for
their bcnefites, and with these barkes thcv goe vp and downe the riuer of Ganges to faires,
buying their commoditic with a great aduantagc, because that eiiery day in the weeke they
hauc a faire, now in one ])lace, and now in another, and I also hired a barke and went vp
and downe the riuer and did my biisinessc, and so in the night I saw many strange things.
The kingdomc of Bengala in times past hath bene as it were in the power of Moores, neuer-
thclesse there is great store of Gentiles among them ; alwayes whereas I haue spoken of Gen-
tiles, is to be vnderstood Idolaters, and wheras I speak of Moores I meane Mahomets
sect. Those people especially that be within the land doe greatly worship the riuer of Gan-
ges: for when any is sicke, he is brought out of the countrey to the banke of the riuer, and
there they make him a small cottage of strawe, and euery day they wet him with that water,
whereof there are many that die, and when they are dead, they make a heape of stickes and
boughcs and lay the dead bcdie thereon, and putting fire thereunto, they let the bodie alone
vntill it be halfe rosted, and then they take it off' from the fire, and make an emptie iarre
fiist about his necke, and so throw him into the riuer. The.se things euery night as I passed
vp and downe the riuer I saw for the space of two moneths, as I passed to the fayres to buy
my commodities with the marchants. And this is the cause that the Portugales will not
(Irinke of the water of the riuer Ganges, yet to the sight it is more perfect and clearer then
ihe water of Nilus is. From the port Piqueno I went to Cochin, and from Cochin to
Malacca, from whence I departed for Pegu being eight hundred miles distant. That voyage
is woonf to be made in (iue and twentie or thirtie dayes, but we were foure moneths,
and at the ende of three monetlis our ship was without victuals. The Pilot told vs that wee
were bv his altitude not Carre from a citie^ called Tanasary, in the kingdouie of Pegu, and
thc-c his words were not true, but we were (as it were) in the middle of many Hands, and
many vninhnl)ited rockcs, and there were also some Portugales that atfirmed that thcv knew
the l.ind, and knewe also wlu're tlie li e of Tana>;ari was.

This citie of right bclouijeth to the kingdome of .Sioii, which is situate on a great riuers
side, which commeih out of the kingdomc of Sion: and where this riuer runneth into the
sea, there is a village called Mirgini, in whose harbour cuerv vecrc there lade some ships
with Verzina, Nypa, and Beniamin, a few clones, nutmegs and maces which come from the
cn,ist of Sion, but the greatest marchandise there is Ver/.in and Nvpa, which is an excellent
wine, which is made of the lloure of a tree called Nvpcr. Whose liqueur thev distill, and
so make an excellent drinke cleare as christall, good to the mouth, and belter to tiie stomake,
and it hath an excellent gentle \erlue, that if one were rotten with the French pocke.s,
drinking good store of this, he shall be whole againe, and I haue .scene it proued, because
that when 1 was ill Cochin, there was a friend of mine, whose nose beganne to drop away
with that disease, and he was counselled of the doctors of phisicke, that he should goe to
Tanasary at the time of the new wines, and that he should drinke of the nyper wine, night
and day, as much as he could before it was distilled, which at that time is most delicate, but
after that it is distilled, it is more strong, and if you drinke much of ii, it will fume into
the head with drunkennesse. This man went thither, and did so, and I haue seene him after
with a good colour and sound. This wine is very much esteemed in the Indies, and for that
it is brought so farre off, it is very deare: in Po!iU ordinarily it is good cheape, because it is
neerer to the place where they make it, and there is euery yeere great quantitie made there-
of. And returning to my purpose, I say, being amongst these rockes, and farre from the
land which is ouer against Tanasary, with great scarcitic of victuals, and that by the saving

359

The commodi-
ties that are
ladtn ill Satagan,

Moorcj arc of
the sect of Ma*
hornet.

A ceremony of
thegentileswhcn
tliey ire dcaJ.

Marchandise
comming tVom
.Sion.

Niptr wint ^cod
to cure the
French dlsei]*«'.

'.mi'- !M

' 'I I

'mm

360

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ctesar Frederick.

'V\.M

|| ' m.

.'I ■'

LaSftW,'^ '■■•■•i,'j I

of the Pylot and two Portugain, holding then firme that wee were in Tront of the aforegayd
harbour, we determined to goe thither with our boat and fetch victualu, and that the shippe
should stay for vs in a place amigned. We were twentic and eight persons in (he boat that
went for victuals, and on a day about twelue of the clocke we went from the ship, assuring
our selucs to bee in the harbour before night in the aforesaid port, wee rowed ^1 that day,
and a great part of the next night, and all the next day without tinding harbour, or any signe
of good landing, and this came to passe through the euill counsell of the two Portugales that
were with vs.

For we had ouershot the harbour and left it behind vs, in such wise that we had lost the

' lande inhabited, together with the shippe, and we eight and twentie men had no maner

of victuall with vs in the boate, but it was the Lords will that one of the Mariners had brought
a title rice with him in the boate to barter away fur some other thing, and it was not so much
but that three or foure men would haue eaten it at a meale: I tooke the goucmmentofthi.i

omintRmiiit Ryce, promising that by the helpe of God that Ryce should be nourishment for vs vntil It
pleased God to send \s to some place that was inhabited : & when I slept I put the ryce into
my bosome because they should not rob it froui me: we were nine daies rowing alongst the
coast, without finding any thing but countreys vninhabitcd, & desert Hands, where if we had
found but grassc it would haue seemed sugar vnto vs, but wee could not finde any, yet wi>
found a fewe leaues of a tree, and they were so hard that we could not chewe them, we had
water and wood sufficient, and as wee rowed, we could goe but by flowing water, for when it
was ebbing water, wee made fast our boat to the banke of one of those Ilandes, and in these
nine dayes that we rowed, wc found a caue or nest of Tortoises egges, wherein were one
hundred fortie and foure egges, the which was a great helpe vnto vs : these egges are as bigf>r
as a hennes egge, and haue no shell about them but a tender skinne, euery day we soddc :i
kettle full of those egges, with an handfull of rice in the broth thereof: it pleaded God thai
at the ende of nine dayes we discouered certainc lisher men, a fishing with small barkes, and
we rowed towardes them, with a good chearc, for I thinke there were neuer men more glad then
we were, for wee were so sore afflicted with penuric, that we could scarce stande on our legges.
Yet accordinj; to the order that we set fiT our ryce, when wc sawe those fisher men, there

Tjuiy vnder the was left sufficient for foure dayes. The first village that we came to was in the gulfeof Tauav,

kinj of Pt|u, vnder the king of Pegu, whereas we found great store of victuals : then for two or three dayw
after our arriuall there, we would eatr but title meate any of vs, and yet for all this, we were
at the point of death the most part of vs. From Tauay to Martauan, in the kingdome of IV
gu, are seuentie two miles. We laded our bote with \ictuals which were aboundantly siifli-
cient for sixe muneths, from whence we departed for the port and Citie of M.irtauan, where
in short time we arriued, but we found not our ship there as we had thought we should, from
whence presently we made out two barkes to goe to looke for her. And they found her in
great calamitie, and neede of water, bcin;; at an anker with a contrary winde, which came
very ill to pa.ise, because that she wanted her boat a moneth, which should haue made Iter
prouision of wood and water, the shippe also by the grace of God arriued safely in the aforr-
said port of Martauan.

The Citie of Martauan.

WK found in the Citie of Martauan ninetie Portugales of Merchants and other base men,
which had fallen at difference with the Hetor or gouernour of the citie, and al! for this cau^c,
that certaine vagabondes of the Portugales had slaine fiue falchines of the king of Pegu, which
chaunced about a moneth after the king of Pegu was gone with a million and fuure hundred
thousand men to conquere the kingdome of Sion. They haue for custome in this Countrey
and kingdome, the king being whcresoeuer his pleasure is to bee out of his kingdome, that
euery fifterne dayes there goeth from Pegu a Carouan of Falchines, with euery one a basket
on his head full of some fniites or other ilelicates of refreshings, and with cleane clothes: it
chaunced that thiBCarouan«t>aiising by Martauan, and resting themselues there a night, there
happened betweene the Purtugales and them wurdes of despight, and from wordes to blowes,

and

Mtttijin 1 cine
ioau the king
•r fe|u.

▲ cuftom that
Uifte people
haue when the
kjngi ain the

tsar Frederlcic,

US. Citiar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S6i

nd because it wax thought that the Portugale!) had the worse, the night follovring, when the
Falchincs were a siccpe with their cnmpanie, the Portugales went and cut off fine of their
heads, Now there is a law in Pegu, that who<«oeuer killeth a man, he ohall buy the shed AUwinPttti
blood with his money, according to the estate of the person that is slainc, but these Falchinea J^i„'|'"'"*"''
being the scniantn of the king, the Relors durst not doe any thing in the matter, without the
consent of the king, because it was necessarie that the king should knowe of such a matter.
When the king had knowledge thereof, he gaue commaundement that the malefactors should be
kept viitill his coniming home, and then he would duely minister iustice, but the Captaine of
the Portugales would not deiiuer those men, but rather set himselfe with all the rest in armes,
and went euery day through the Citic marching with his Drumme and cnsigncs displayd. For
at that time the Citie was emptie of men, bv reason they were gone all to the warres and in
biisinessc of the king: in the middcst of this rumour wee came thither, and I thought it a
strange thing to sec the Portugales vsc such insolencie in another mans Citie. And I stoode Crtat pride m
in doubt of that which came to passe, and would not vnlade my goods because that they were ''" Po""*"'''-
more sure in the shippe then on the land, the greatest part of the lading was the owners of
the shippe, who was in Malacca, yet there were diuerse marchants there, but their goods
were of small importance, all those marchants tolde me that they would not vnlade any of their
goods there, vnlesse I would vnlade lirsf, yet after they left my counscll and followed their
(iwne, and put their goods a landc and lost cuery whit. The Rector with the customer sent
for mec, and dcmaunded why I put not my goods a lande, and payed my custome as other
men did? To whom I answered, that I was a marchant that was newly come thither, and
seeing such disorder amongst the Portugales, I doubted the lossc of my goods which cost me
very dcarc, with the sweatc of my face, and for this cause I was determined not to put my
goods on lande, vntil such time a* his honour would aasure me in the name of the king, that
I should haue no lossc, and although there came harme to the Portugales, that neither I nor
my goods should haue any hurt, because I had nciihei: part nor any dilference with them in
this tumult: my reason sounded well in the Retors earcs, and so presently he sent for the
Bargits, which are as Counsellers of the Citie, and there they promised mee on the kings
head or in the behalfe of the king, that neither I nor my goods should haue any harme, but
that we should be safe and sure: of which promise there were made publike notes. And then
I sent for my goods and h.id them on land, and payde my custome, which is in that countrey
ten in the hundrcth of the same goods, and for my moresecuritie I tooke a house right against
the Retors house. The Captaine of the Portugales, and all the Portugall marchants were put
out of the Citie, and I with fwentie and two poore men which were ofliccrs in the shippe. had
my dwelling in the Citie. After this, the (ientilcs dcuiscd to be reuenged of the Portugales;
but they would not put it in execution vntil such time as our small shippe had discharged all
her goods, and then the next night following came from Pegu foure thousand souldicrs with Areufngmntiie
Home KIcphants of warrc; and before that they made any tumult in the citie, the Rctor sent, p^'us'I"-
and gaue commaundement to all Portugales that were in the Citie, when they heard any ru-
mour or noyse, that for any tiling they should not goe out of their houses, as they tendered
their owne health. Th»:n inure houres within night I heard a great rumour and noyse of men
ol" warrc, with lilcphants which threw downe the doores of the ware-houses of the Portugales,
and their houses of W(>od and strawe, in the which tumult there were .some Portugales wound-
ed, and one of them slaine; and others without making proofe oi their manhnode, which the
day before did so bragge, at that time put themselucs to fligni r.iost shamefully, and
saucd themselucs a boord of lille shippes, that were at an anker in the harbour, and some
that were in their beds (led away naked, and that night they < iried awav all the Portu<'alles
goods < ut ()( the suburbes into the Citie, and those Portugales that had their goods in the
siiburbcs also. After this the I'orlugales that were fledde into the shippes to sane themselucs,
tooke a newe courage to theniselues, and came on lande and set lire on the houses in the sub-
urbes, whiih houses being made of boorde and strawe, and the winde blowing fresh, in small
time were burnt and consumed, with which lire halfe the Citie had like to haue beene burnt;
wlien the Portugales had done this, they were withr)ut all hope to recoucr any part of their
VOL. II. ' :i A " goods

• .1

\ !'

iWi

36«

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

M, Catar Prtdtrick.

^ *

A ih'mK mctt
maiueilous, that
at thf commins
uf 4 tidf (he
earth ihouU
quakr.

Thi* tiilr U likr
to tlir tictft in
our riuf r iif
Vufiiic.

Th"t tiJn
iniVt their lusl
tturtr ^1 oull

Thii Macarro
U a itdc ur a
<urraat.

goods againe, which goodfi mi^ht amount to the siimmc or«ixteenr ihouwnd duckatH, which,
if they had not set Hrc to the townc, they iniulit hanc hnd ngaine without any iosse at ail.
Then the Portugales vnderMtanding that this thiiiR was not done by the consent of the king,
but by his Lieutenant and the Retor of the ritie were very ill content, knowing that they had
made a great fault, yet the next morning following, the I'ortugales beganiie to bende and
shoot their ordinance against the C'itie, which batteric of thein* continued foure daye*, but all
was in vaine, for the shottc neucr hit the ("itie, but lighted on th(" lop of a small hill necre
vnto it, so that the citic had no hanne When the Retor perceiucd that the I'ortugales made
battery against the Citie, hee tooke one and tweiitie Portugales that were there in the Citje,
and sent them foure miles into the Conntrey, there to tarry vntill such time as the other I'tir-
tugales were departed, that made the battorie, who after their departure let them goe at their
owne libertie without any hnrme done vnto them. I my selfe was alwayes in my house with
a good guard appointed me by the Retor, that no man should doc me iniurie, nor hamieinc
nor niv gomls; in such wise that hee perfourmed all that he had promise*! me in the nami' of
the king, but he would not let me depart before the comming of the king, which was greatly
to my hinderance, because I was twenty and one moncths sequestred, that I could not huv
nor sell any kinde of marchandise. Those coinmo<lities that I brought thither, were pc iut,
xandols, and Porcellan of China: so when the king was come home, I made my supplica-
tion vnto him, and I was licenced to depart when I woiiKI.

From \fartauan I departed to goe to the chiefcst t'itie in the kins;dome of Pegu, which is
also called after the name of the kingdome, which voyage is made by sea in three or foure
dales; they may goe also by lande, but it is belter for him that hath marchandise to guc by
sea and lesser charge. And in this voyage you shall hatic a Macareo, which is one of ihr
most manieilous things in the world that Nature hath wrought, and I neuersaw any thing so
hard to be beleeued as this, to wit, the great increasing & diminishing of the water there at
one push or instant, and the horrible earthquake and great noyse that the said Macareo makeih
where it commeth. We departed from Martauan in barkes, which are like to our Pylot boates,
with the increase of the water, and they goe as swift as an arrowe out of a bow, so long as the
tide runneth with them, anil when the wau-r is at the highest, then they drawe themseliies
out of the Chanell towardes some banke, and there they come to anker, and when the water
is diminished, then they rest on dry land : and when the barkes rot dry, they are as high
from the bottomc of the Clianell, as anv house top is high from the ground. They let ilirir
barkes lie so high for this respect, that if there should any shippe rest or ride in the Chanell,
with such force commeth in the water, that it woidd ouerthrowe >hippe or barke: yet for all
this, that the barkes be so farre out of theChanncll, anil though the water hath lost her great-
est strength and furie before it come so high, yet ihev make fast their prowe to the strcme,
and oftentimes it maketh them very fearefull, and if the anker did not holdehcr prow v|)l)v
strength, shee would be ouerthrowcii ami lost with men and goods. When the water beginneih
to increase, it maketh such a noyse and so great that you would thinke it anearthquakt . and
presently at the first it maketh three wanes. So that the (irst washeth oner the barke, Irnm
sfemme to sierne, the second is not so furious as the lirst, and the thirde rayseth the Anker,
and then for tlic space of sixe houres while the water encreaseth, they rowe with such swift-
nesse that you would thinke they did fly : in these tydes there must be lost no iot of time,
for if you arriue not at the stagioiis before the lyde be spent, y<iu must turne backe from
whence you came. For there is no staying at anv place, but at these stagions, and there is
more daunger at one of these places then at another, as they be higher and lower one then
another. When as youreturne from Pegu to Martauan, thev goe but halfc the tide at a liine,
because they will lay their barkes vp aloft on the bankes, for the reason aforesayd. I cmild
neuer gather any reason of the noyse that this wafer maketh in the increase of the tide, and
in deminishing of the water. There is another Macareo in Cambaya, but that is nothing in
comparison of this. By the heipe of CJod we came safe to Pegu, which are two cities, the
olde and the newe, in the olde citie are the Marchant strangers, and marchants of the Conn-
trey, for there are the greatest doings and the greatest trade. This citie is not very great,

but

ttar Frtderick.

M. Catar Frederick:

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

363

Their houses be made with cnnes, and couercd with leauei, "<»"" """*' »'

bill it hath very great siiburhes. „n«i<coucrH

or with Mtrawe, but the nmrchanl.s haiie all one house or Magason, which house they call Godon wiih'iciu«o"

which iit made of brickrs, and there they put all their good^ of any valure, to saue them ^1; -, , \ ■

from the often mischances that there happen to houses made o( such stufle. In the newe citie or Houm for ""

is the pallace of the king, and his abiding place with all his barons and nobles, and other ,"J"'"JJJiVi'n'*

gentlemen ; and in the time that I was there, they finished the building of the new citie :

it is a great ciiir, very piainc and flat, and foure square, walled round about nnd with ditches Theronneorthr

ihat compassc tiie wals about with water, in which diches are many crocodils, it hath no drawe ^^^''tl'iijof ''"

bridj;cs, yet it hath twcntic gates. Hue for eiiery square on the walies, there arc many places I'tju.

made for centiiicis to watch, made of wood and coucred or guilt with gold, thestrertes thereof

are the fayrcst that I hauf scene, they arc as streiglit as a line from one gate to another, and

standing at the one gate you may discoucr to the other, and they are as broad as 10 or 12

men may ride a brca.st in them: and thcwc sireetes that be thwart arc faire and large, these

sirertcs, both on the one side and on the other, are planted at the doores of the houses, with

nut trees of India, which make a very commodious shadowe, the houses be made of wood

.nnd couercd with a kind of tiles in forme of cups, very necessary for their vsc, the kings a rich and

palace is in the middle of the citie, made in forme of a wailed castle, >%ith ditches full of "'"'>' *"'"'•

water round about it, the lodgings within arc made of wood all ouer gilded, with fine pina-

«lcs, and \ cry costly wurko, couercd witli jjlalcs of goldc. Truely it may be a kings house :

within the gale there is a laire large court, (rnni the one side to the other, wherein there are

made places for tlic strongest and stoutest Kliphanls appointed for the scruice of the kings

person, and amongst all other Eliphants, he hath fourc liiat be white, a thing so rare that a '"""whit'

man shall hardly hnde another king that haih any tiuch, and if this king knowe any other that

hath white Hiipiiaiilcs, he sendeth for ihcm as for a gift. The lime that I was there, there

were two brought out of a farre Countrey, and that cost me something the sight of them, for ^'?.''.".?"'i'

they cominnund the inarchants to goc to see them, and then they must giue somewhat to the hiift « d,ick«

men that briim them: the brokers of the marchantsKiucforeucry manhalfe aduckat, which they ™''"^'' r",',Y •* ,

call al ansa, which atnoiintethtoagreatsumme, tor the number o) merchants that arc in that citic* foure ytnctk

ami when they haiie paydc the nforcsayde Tansa, they may chuse whether they will see them

nt tliat time or no, becniise that when they are in the kings stall, ciiery man may see them

that will : but at ihat time they must goc and sec them, for it i-i the kings pleasure it should

he so. This King am(',ng>t all other his titles, is called the King of the white Eliphant.s, and

it is reported that if thi^ king kne.wc any other king that had any of these white Eliphantc.>),

amis would not send them vnto him, that he would hazard his whole kingdome to conquer

them, he esteemeth these white Eliphants very dccrely, and they are had in great regard, and

kept with very mcctc scruice, cucry one of thcin is in a house, all guildcd ouer, and they

liatie their ineatc giiicn them in ves-els of sillier and goldc, there is one blackc Eliphant the

jjrcatcst that hath bene scene, and he is kept according to his bignesse, he is nine cubites

high, which is a innrueiloiis thing. It is reported that tliis king hath fourc thoii.sand Elephants

of w.irre, and all haue tiuir teeth, and they vsc to put on iheir two vppermost If h sharpe A warlike pa.

spikes of yron, ;.nd make them fast with rings, because these bcastes linht, and i,; \c battell '""'

with their teeth; hee hath also very many yong Eliphants that haue not their teeth r .-owted

I'oorth : also this king hath a hraiie deuisc in hunting; to take these Eliphants when hec will, two An emiieni dc

miles from the ("ilie. He hath biiildcd a faire pallace all guilded, and within it a faire Court, ,"kcwiideEU-''

and within it and roiiiulc about there are made an infinite number of jilacc.s for men to stande phanti.

to SiC this hunting: ncere vnto this Pallace is a mighty great wood, through the which the

hiinls-inen of the king ride continually on the backs of the feminine Eliphants, teaching

thcin in this biisiiicsse. Eiicry hunter carieth out with liini line or sixc of these feminincs,

:ind they say that they anoynt the secret place with a cerlaiiic composition that they haue,

ihat when the wihic Eliphant doeth smell thereunto, thev followe the feminines and cannot

leaiie them: when the huntsmen haue made prouision, &: the Eliphant is so entangled, they

guide the feminines towards the Pallace which is called Tambell, and this I'allacc hath a doore

which doth open and shut with engines, before which doore there is a long strcight way with

trees on both the sides, which coucrcth the way in such wi-c :;« it i- like darkcnesse in a cor-

;t \

ner.

^'"l^l'A:

) 1 1

.IM

VOYAGKS, NAUIOATIONS,

J\l. Ctraar Frederick

•I

!Hi,'

Alt txccllcnt

tt\Umt of til
.li|ihajili.

Thew canfi are
tikr lo them ill
Spainr winch
thry calt loco de
tuic.

ner: the wilcle Elipliant when he rommelh to thin way, thinkelh that he in in the wood*. At
ciul of this darl<e w.iy there is a great (ield, when the hunters haue gotten this praye, when
thcv <irst come to this Held, they send presently to giue knowledge thereof to the Ciiie, and
with all speed there go out llftie or sixtie men on horsebaike, and doe benet the ficldc roundc
about : in the great lieldc then the females which arc taught in this businesse goe directly
to the mouth of the darkc way, and when as the wilde Eliphant is entrcd in there, the hunt-
ers shnutc and make a great noyse, asmuch as i» possible, to make the wilde Kliphant
enter in at the gate of that Pallace, which is then open, and asuoonc as hec is in, the gate
is shut without any noyse, and so the hunters with the female Kliphanls and the wilde one
arc all in the Court together, and then within a small time the females withdraw themseiurs
away one by one out of the Court, leaning the wilde Eliphant alone: and when he pcrceiurih.
that he is left alone, he is so inaddc that for two or three houres to see him, it is the greatest
pleasure in the world : he weepeth, hee (lingeth, hee runneth, he iustletli, lice thru-lctli
vnder the places where the people stand to see him, thinking in kil some of them, but ilu>
posts and timber is so Htrong and great, that hee cannot hurt any body, yet hee oftentinios
breaketh his teeth in the grates; at length when hee is weiiry and hath laboured his body that
hee is all wet with sweat, then he pluckeih in his truncke into his mouili, and then hee
thruweth out somnch water out of his belly, that he sprinrklcth it oner the heades of the lookers
on, to the vttermost of them, although it bee very high: and then when they see him \crv
weary, there goe certainc oflicers into the Court with long sharpc cams in their hands, and
prick him that they make him to goe into one of the houses that is made alongst the Cnnrt
for the same purpose: as there are many which are made long and narrow, that when the
Eliphant is in, he cannot turne himself to go barke a>;aine. And it is requisite that thct-
men should be very wary and swift, hir although their canes be long, yet the Eliphant would kill
them if they were not swift to saue ihem>elues: at length when they haiie gotten him inin
one of those houic, they stand oner him in a loft and gel ropes vnder his belly and abdiit
his necke, and about his tegges, and binde him fast, and so let him stand foure or line dayes,
A itrtnje ihinj and giuc him neither meate nor drinke. At the ende of these foure or liuedayes, they \ii-
wiid/,h"!idTn loose him and put one of the females vnto him, and giiie them mcale and drinke, ami in
JO ihori iimt bt eight daycs he is become t.ime. In my iudgement there is not a beast so iiitellectiue as are
madtumt. ih^se Eliphants, nor of more vnderstanding in al the world: for he wil do all things that liis

keeper saith, so that he lackcth nothing but hum:iine spceih.

Thf imttii It is reported that the greatest strength that the king of Pegu hath is in the«e Eliphants,

itrciigih ihai ihf f„r v,hen thev gf'c to battell, thev set on their backes a Castle of wood hound thereto, will)

haiii. bands vnder their bellies: and, in eiicry ( astle loiire men very comnuKliously set to ligiii

with hargubu.shes, with bowes and arrowes, with darts and pikes, and other launcin;;

weapons: and they say that the skinne of tliis Eliphant is so liard, that an liar(|U( biissc will

not pierce it, vnlesse it bee in the eve, temples, or some othir tender j)l,ice of his btnU.

And besides this, they are of great .strength, and haue a very extellent order in their b.itlcl,

as I haue scene at their fcasies which ihcy make in llie yeere, in which fea>tes the king inakcih

triumphes, which is a rare thing and wortiiv memorie, that in so barbarous a people there

should be such gowlly onlers as they haue in tiieir armies, which be distiiK t in squares el

Eliphants, of horsemen, of harqnebiishcrs and pikenicn, that truly the nii:iiber of them arc

inlinite: but their armour and weapons are very nought and weake as well the one as the

other: they haue very bad pikes, lluir swords are wor->e made, like long kniue.s without points,

his harquebushes are most excellent, and alway in his warres he hath eighlie thousand harque-

bushcs, and the number of them encreaseth davlv. Because the king will haue them shootc

euery day at the I'luncke, and so bv continuall exercise they become m<)>t excellent shot :

also hee hath great ordinance made of vi rv good inetlall ; to conclude there is not a King on

the earth that haih more power or sfrengih tucii this king of Pegu, because hec hath twentie

kmg?a'°hi"'i'!.m. ^"'^ "'"'^ crowned kings at his cominaunde. lie can make in his campe a million and a halle

■.und. of men of warre in the tielde against his enemies. The stale of his kingdome and maiiite-

ic'"'ihoilH'n<i nance of his army, is a thing incredible to consider, & the victuals that should mainlaine

rocninunt such a numbcr of people in the warres: but he that knowcth the nature and quality of thai

people,

J\ goodly ordtr
in a hatbaiuut

Thf ordrr <f
ihrir Mcjpons
dndiiiitnbcrvf
Mil mm.

Cimjf.

f»ar Frederick

M. Canar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUKRIES.

365

^leoplr, will racily belcciie if. I hniie Mfcne with mine eyes, that those people and ^ouMIrn
haue eaten of all sort* of wild beatts that are on the earth, whether it bee very filthie or other-
wise ail scriielh for their mouthes : yea, I haue neenc them eale Scorpionsi and SerpentN, aho
thry I'etnl of all kinde of herbeft and f^rawe. So that if Hiuh a great armic want not water
and salt, they will niainlaine thenijielues a long time in a bush with rooles, (lowenand IcaueH
of trees, they cary rite with them for their voyage, & that seriielh them in ntcad of comfitNt
it is so daiiitie vnto them. This king of Pegu hath not any army or power by sea, but in
the land, for people, dominions, golde and siluer, he farre exceeds the power of the great
Tiirkc in treasure and strength. This king hath diuent Nfagasons full of treasure, as gold, &
sihier, and euery day he encreaseth it more and more, and it is neuer diminished. Also hee
is Lord of the Mines of Rubies, Snfires & Spinels. Neere vnto his royall pallace there is
an inestimable treasure whereof hee makrih no accompt, for that it standeth in such a place
that euery one may see it, and the place where this treasure is, is a great Court walled round
about with walls of stone, with two gates which stand open euery day. And within this place
(ir Court arc foure gilded houses rouered with lead, & in euery one of these are certaine
heathcni-h idolcs of a very great v.ilure. In the first house there is a stature of the image
of a man of gold very great, iV on his head a crowne of gold beset with most rare Itubiesand
Salires, and round about him are 4. litlc children of gold. In the second house there is the
stature of a man of siluer, that is set as it were sitting on heapes of money : whose stature
in height, as hee sitteih, is so hijjh, that his highnesse exceeds the height of any one roofe
of an house ; I measured his feete, and found that they were as long a* all my body was in
height, with a crowne on his head like to the first. And in the thirdc house, there is a sta-
ture of brasse of the s.nme bignesse, with a like crowne on his head. In the 4'. and last house
there is a siniure of a man as liig .is the other, which is made of Gansu, which is the metall
they make their nionry of, & this metall is made of copper & lea<le mingled together. This
stiiture also hath a irnwiie on his head like the first : this treasure being of such a value
as it is, standeth in an open place that euery man at his pleasure may go & see it ; for the
keepers iherof neuer forbid any man the sight thereof. I say as I haue said before, that this
king euery vere in his feasics triumphcth: & because it is worthy of the noting, I thinke it
meet to write thorof, whiih is a-i loloweth. The king rideth on a triumphant cart or wagon
.ill gilded, which is drawcn bv l(>. goodly horses; and this cart is very high with a goodly
(•ano|)v cucr it, behind tiie <;iri goc 'iO, of his Lonis & nobles, with euery one a rope in
his h.uid made fast to the tail I'nr to hold it vpright that it fal not. The king sitteth in the
miiUlle of the cart ; \' vpon the same cart about ihe king vtande 4. of his nobles most fa-
iKircd of him, and before this cart wherein the kiui; is, goeth all his army as aforesaid, and
in the middle of his army goeih all his nubililie, round about the cart, that are in his domi-
nions, a marueilous thing it is to see so many people, such riches & such good order in a
people so barbarous as they be. This king of Pegu hath one principal wife which is kept in
a Seralio, he hath .S<IO. concubines, of whcm it is reported that he hath IK), children. This
king sitieth euery d.iy in person to heare the suites of his subiects, but he nor they neuer
s|)cake one to another, but by supplications made in this order. The king sitteth vp aloft,
in a great hall, on a Iribunall seat, and lower vnder him sit all his Rnrons round about, then
those that demaund audience enter into a great Court before the king, and there set them
downe on the ground 40. paces distant from the kings person, and amongst those people
there is no diU'orencc in matters of audience before the king, but all alike, and there they
sit with i!'.eir supplications in their hands, which are made of long leaues of a tree, these
Icaufs ari' ..'. cpiarters of a yard long, & two fingers broad, which arc written with a sharpe
iron made for j' purpose, &■ in those leaues are theirsupplications written, & with their sup-
plications, they haue in their hands a present or gift, according to the waightines of their
matter. Then come ^ secretaries downe to read these supplications, taking them & reading
iheiu before the king, & if the king think it good to do to them that fauour or iustice that
ihey dcmaiuul, then he cOmandelh to take the presents out of their hands: but if he thinke
their demand be not iust or according to right, he commandcth them away without t.aking of

their

Eating ol let*
ycnti.

The riihfi of
ihr king of

Thf gr«ai poirfc
of the kmg.

Thf orjer of
luiticv.

No ditferfnce of
prrioiis before
the Kin| in con-
ttoiieisiei tiX u\
iuitice.

. 'i .■ ■/.

Pi;

VOVAOES. NAUIOATIONS,

M. Cteiar Frederick

■I 1

iili:,f

vtiiuriJ 'ti

Nou

turr
frum

ihrir gifl* or prrnrnt'*. lit ihr Indie* ihrrc \t not any mnrrhnndiae ihui i>t xnml to bring lo
IVgii, vnli>M« il lice alanine limcN by rhanrr la bring Opium of (!ambaia, and iT he hriiiv
money be ithall lu<ie by it. Now the VnnimcHlilicii that come fromS. Tome arelbeonciv m,ir-
I'handi/.c for lliat place, which \» (he greut ((iiantity of cloth nude there, which they v<*c in
IVgu ; which < loth in made nr bombast woucn and painted, «o that the more that kindc nl'
cioih iit wnnhed, the more liuelic they fihrwe their colourN, which it n rare thing, and ihi-rr i^
made Niich accompt or llii* kindc of cloth which U of no great im|>ortance, that a i*mall hair
of il will coNi a ihoufiand or two thoimand duckelN. AlKotVom S, Tome they layd grrni xiori'
uP red yarnc, oP bombast died with a roote which thry call Saia, a* aforcHayd, which cnloin
will neuer out. With which marchandixc cucry yecre there goetha great nhippc from .S. Tiinii'
riUikptr. to I'egu, of great importance, and they vkually depart from S. Tome lo Pegu the II. or l'>.
"s'-rlnMW "' f»«'plcmbcr, & if kIic >ttay vntill the twelfth, it is a great hap if nhv relume not wiiliom
making of her voiagc. Their vw wan to de])arl the nixi of September, and then llirv in.idr
sure >oyageH, and now becauwe there is a great labour about that kiiul of ilotli to bring it in
perfection, and that it be well dried, a-* aUo the greed incwe of the ('aptuiiie that would ni;ilki'
an extraordin.try gaine of hii4 fiaighl, thinking lo haiie the wind alwayc'* to seriii* their liirnr,
lliey Niay >io long, that al Hometimex the wiiidc tiirneth. For in ihone pnrit the wiiules i)liiw
lirmely for certa ne times, with the which they goc to Pegu with the winde in pnopc, .im'
if they arriue not there before the winde change, and gel ground to anker, perforce ilicy
must rclurnc backe agaiiie: for that the galen of the winde blowe there for three or four,'
monethti together in one place with great force. Uut if Ihey gel the co.ih| & anker llicri',
then with gre.-it hibour they may fOiic tlieir voyage. Also there goeth another great xhippi'
from Dcn^ala euery yecre, laden with line cloth of bomba»l of all Norl<>, which arrineth in tlic
harbour of IVgu, when the slii|) that commelh from S. Tonic deparieth. The haiiiour wi.i re
thesie two Mpt arriue iw called CoMinin. I'rom Malaca to Martauun, which is a port in IVi;'!,
there come many small iihipf), and great, laden with pepper, Sundolo, I'orcell.in of Chini,
Camfora, Brunen .ind other marchandise. The hhips that come from iMccca enter into tlic
port of IVgu and Cirion, and those shippes bring cloth of Wooll, .Scarlets, Veluets, Opium,
The chikirioi and Chickino.*, by the which they lose, aiul thev bring them because they liaue no other lliin^
ioi'ihrniUif,"?. llial is good (or I'egu : but they estecnie not the losse of them, for that they make ^,l( h ariai
gainc of their commodiiicK ihnt thev cary from thence out of that kingdoine. Also the kin;'
of Assi his ships come thither into the same port laden with peper; from the coa-t of S. 'l\ mi
of JU'iigala, ('111 of the Sea of Bara lo I'egu are three hundicth miles, and they go it \p iIk-
riiKT ill I'onre d:iies, with the encrcasing water, or with the IIoikI, to a City called ('.winin,
and there they discharge their ships, whither the Customers of Pegu come to t.ike the note
and markfs of :ill the gooils of euery man, & take the ch.irge of the goods on ilicin, and
coniiey them to IVgu, into the kings house, wherein they make the c ustome of the marcli.n:-
(li/.e. When the Ciistomeishaiie taken the charge of the yoods & put iliem into bark.-, ihc
Hetor of the Ciiy giiielh licence to the Marchants lo take b.irke, and goc \|) to IVuii KJih
their ni.nrchandi/c ; and so three or fouru of them take a barkc and goc vp to IVgu in roni-
., , , l)anv. (iod dcliuer euery man that hcc tire not a \vron« note, ar.d criirie, or thinke lo htciilc
tuMgn.f,. a;iy cii>lomc : lor it they do, (or the least triOe that is, he is \ llcrly \ luloiie, lor the king di ciii
l.ikc it l(ira m«)<t great atlront to bee deceiiied ot his customc; and thercfdre thev mak<' dili-
gent sinrches, three limes at the lading and vnlading of the goods, and al the takin;; d
liieni a land. In IVgu this scan h they make wi.en thev goe onl of the sliip for I)i;-m()n(ls,
IVarle-, and fine cloth which laketh little roome: for because that all the iewels that (cnie
into IVgii, and are not found of that countrey, pay custoine, but Kubies, Safyres and .Spinels
pay no custome in nor onl : because they are found gro>ving in that Countrey. I haiie spoken
before, how that ail .Marchants that meane to ;;oc tliorow the Indies, must (ary al ni;iiicr d
b(uih(dd stiifle with them which is necessary for a house, because thai iliere i, not ai,\
lodging nor IniKs nor hostes, nor c Iiamber rooinc in llial Ccumtrcy, but ihe first thing a ni.Tii
d(.ili when he coinmeth lo any Cily is lo hicr a house, cither by the ycerc or by the moiieiii,
or M he mcancK lo stay in thoMC parts.

i'ommndititi
bruut(lu Into
Prju.

ihill

1.14.,

rit iijour for

r i

detar fVedcrlck

M, CuKtr Frederick.

TRAFFIQULS, AND DISCOUERIES.

In Ven» their order in to hire their Houum Tor aixe monelhn. Nowe Trom Ctrnmin lo the
Cilie of Pen» they gne in iiixe hnure* with the flood, and if it be ebbing water, then they
mnlce fiut their boate to the riiicr widr, and there tary vnlil the water flow againe. It ina very
commodiou* and piratant vovagr, haiiing on.both aides of the riuem many great viiagen, which
they rail CilieN: in the which henni'N, pigeon'*, fg^e*. milke, rice, and other thing* be very
good cheapo. It in oil plainr, and a goodly Countrey, and in eight dayeN you may make
your voyage vp to Marceo, dintnnt Tro I'ogii twcluc mileM, fi there ihry djochaigc their g(M)di«,
ii hilt' them in CartH or wainc* dmwen with oxen, and the MarchaniM arc caricd in a closet
whiih thry call Deling, in the which a man Mhall be very well accommodated, with cimhionH
vndrr hU head, and coiirred for the defence nf the Sunne and raine, and there he mav xleepc
ir he haiie wil thereunto: and IiIh foure Kalchinc* cary him running away, changing two
at one time and two at another. The ru^tome of Pegu and fraight thither, may amount vnto
twcniic or Iwentic two per cento, and '23. according m he huth more nr Icfse wtolen from him
that day they ciiNiomc the goodx. It iit rcquiiiitc that a man hauc his cyn walchfull, and to
be rarefull, and to haue many friendea, for when they cuMtome in the great hall of the king,
there come m:my gentlemen accompanied with a number of their sLuicn, and thcMC gentle-
men haue no Nhnine that their HlauCN rob htrangcri*: whether it be cluth in shewing of it or
any other thing, they Inugh at it. And although the .Vfarchnni* hcipe one another to kccpe
watch, iV looke to their goods, ihcy caiwiot lookc iherto no narrowly but one or other wil rob
itomelhing, either more or Itsse, according m their marchandisc is more or lesHe: and yet on
this tlay there is a worse thing then this; although you haue «<•! ho many eyew to looke there
for your hcnclit, ('<;it you escape vnr<d>bed of the Nlaues, a man cannot choose but that he
must !)«• robbed of the olUccrs of the cusiome house. For paying the cusiome with the same
guilds oftentimes they lake the bent that you haue, & not by rale ofcuery Hort .is they oughl
to do, by wliicl) nicanes a man payelh more then hi^ dutie. At length when the goods be
dispatched out of the cuwlnme house in thin order, the Marchant causelh them lo be caried to
his house, an<l may do with them at his pleaNure.

Tlicre are in I'egu S. bri<keni of the kings, which are called Tareghe, who are bound to
<cll ail the marchandi/r whi( h come lo Pegu, at the common or the currant price: then if the
marchanls wil sell their gtxHls at that price, they Hel them away, and the brokers hauc two iu
ilic hundrclli of cucry sdrt of marchandise, and they are bound to make good the debts of
llinso goods, |)ccaiiHC tliey be soldby their hands ormeanes, ili on their wordeH, and nfienlimcA
tlic m.irchant knuwcth not lo whom he giueth his goods, yet he cannot lose any thing ihere-
liy, lor ll\at tlic liriikcr is bound in any wine to pay him, and if the marchant sel his gooiU
uithdut the consent of the broker, yet neuerthelesse he must pay him two per cento, and be in
tlani:«r of his luonc) : but this is \ery neldom scene, because the wife, children, and slaues
(if ihf debtor are bouiut to the creditor, niul when his time is expin <l and paimcnl luit made,
the creditor may take the debtor aiul cary him home to his house,andsliut liiui vp in a Magasin,
whereby presently he halh his money, and not bring able to pav the creditor, he mav take
the wile, children, and slaues of the debtor, and sol ihem, for so is the lawe of that king-
liomc. f he currant money that is in this city, and throughout all this kin<;dom is ( >llcd
(■ansa or Cianxa, ulii(h is made of Copper and leade: It is not the money of the king, but
cucry man may stamp it that wil, because it hath his iust partition or value: but they make
many of them false, by putting oiiermuch lead into them, and those will not passe, neither
will any lake ihem. \Vith this money (Janza, you may buy goldc or siluer. Rubies and
Miiske, and other things. For there is no other money currant amongst them. And Goldc,
»ihier and other marcliandize are at one lime dearer than another, as all other things ne.

Tiiis Ganza goelh by weight tif Byze, & this name of Hyza gocth for y' accompi of the
weight, and commonly a Hyza of a Ganza is worth (after our accompi) halfe a ducat, litle
mure or les.sc: and albeit that Gold and siluer is more or lesse in price, yet the Bvza neuer
(hangeth: euery Byza makelli a hundrcth Ganza of weight, and so the number of the money
i> Byza. He that gocth to Pegu to buy lewels, if he wil do well, it behoueth him to be a
Vfhulc ycre there to do hi.s businessc. For if so be that he would return with the sthip he

came

367

DtKrtpt^n ef
tht fniiifulntm
of thai loylt*

n«lti| litimati
litirr iirifil with
milt «| II Afuir*

A littt for
Biiikiupu

Eucry mm m%f
•ttmpc what
mbncy ht wit.

ir,

H 'L' I'd

■'ii

imw

3ti8

How a man iniy
ditpoie himsclfe
for the tiidc in

flood itistruc*

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

3/. Casar Frederick.

The Mjtchin-
out of I'fgu.

M.il housed

.J.jricd •llil

KuhiriCICfcd
I'rgu,

came in, he canot do any thing so couciiicMlly for the breuitie of the time,beraufie that when
they custome their good* in Pegu that come from S. Tome in their ships, it h as it were
about Christmas: and when they haue customed thiir goods, then miwt they sell ihcm for
their credits sake for a moneth or two: and then at the beginning of March the ships depart.
The Marchants that come from S. Tome take for the paiment of their goods, gold, and sihier
which is neuer wanting there. And S. or 10. dayes brfore their departure they are all satis-
fied: also they may haue Rubies in painent, but they make no accompt of them: and they
that will winter there for another yere, il is ncedfuH that they be aduertisied, that in the sale
«>f their goods, they specific in their bargaine, the terme of two or 3. moneths paiment, j^
that their paiment shal be in so many Ganza, and neither goldc nor siluer: because that with
the Ganza they may buy & scl euery thing with great adufitage. And how needful is it i(,
be aduerti/.td, when they wil recoucr their paiments, in what order they shal recciue their
Ganza? Benuse he that is not experienced may do hitnselfe great wrong in the weight of
the Gansa, as also in the falsenesse of them: in the weight he may be greatly deceiucd, he-
cause that from place to place it doth rise and fall greatly : and therefore when any wil rcrcinc
money or make paiment, he must take a |)ubli(|ue waver of money, a day or two before he
go about his businesse, and giue him in paiment for his labour two Byzaes a moneth. and Hn
liiis he is bound to make good all your money, & to maintainc it for good, fur that hcc rc-
reiueth it and scales the bags with his scale : and when hce hath receiued any store, then hcc
causeth it to bee brought into the Magason of the Marrhant, that is the owner of it.

That money is very weightie, for fourtie Byza is a strong I'orters burden ; and also whcr.'
the .Marrhant hath any payment to be made for those goods which he buyeth, the Commcn
waycr of money that rcreineth liis money must make the payment thereof So that by thi.
mcancs, the Marchant with the charges of two Byzes a moneth, receiueth and paveth out In.
money without losse or trouble. The Marchandizes that goc out of Pegu are (iold, .Sijnrr,
Uubies, .Saphyrcs, Spinelles, great store of Beniamin, long neper, Leade, Lacca, rice, wine,
some sugar, vet there might be great store of sugar made in the C'oiintrey, for that ilicv
haue abotindaiue of Canes, but they giue them to Kliphants to cafe, and the people ciiisnnii
great store of them lor food, and many more doe they fonsume in vaine things, as these lol-
lowing. In that kingdome they sjiend many of these .Sugar canes in making of houses ,tiuI
tents which they call Varely fir their idoles, which they call Pagodes, whereof there :\rc
great aboiindance, great and smal, and these houses are made in forme of little hilles, like
to Sugar loaiies or to Bells, and some of these houses are as high as a reasonable stee|)le, :ii
the loote they are very large, some of them be in circuit a quarter of a mile. Tlie s.-iidc
houses within are full of earth, and walled round about with brickes and tlirl in stcaile of liirc,
and witliout forme, from the top to the foote they make a coiicring fur them with S||^,lr
canes, and jilaister it with lime all ouer, for otherwise tiiey would bee ypoyled, bv the i;rc,'!
aboiindance of raine that falleth in those (^ulntreys, ANo tliev consume about these VarcU
or idol houses great store of leafe-goh!, for that they oiierlay all the tops of the houses \su\
i;old, and some of them are couered with golde from the top to the foote: in coiiering wiierc-
nf there is great store of gold spent, for that euery 10. yeeres they new onerl.iy them ^^llh
g '1(1, from the top to the (ooic, so ihat witii this v. initio they sjjciul gre.it abouiulaiue v\
golde. Tor euery It), yeres the raine iloelli eonsuine the gold from these houses. .\ii(l hv
tliis inennes they make golde dearer in Pegu then it would bee, if they consumed not su
much ill this \aniiie. Also it is a tiling to bee noted in the buying of iewels in Pegu, that
lie that h.illi no kiiowletlge shall haue as good iewels, and as good cheap, as he th:it li:ii!i
bene jiraeti/ed there a long time, which is a i;o(Hl order, and it is in this wise. There :iri'
in Pe'ju fourc men of good reput.ilioii, whiili are called Tareghe, or brokers of lewrl-.
These Inure men haue all the Iiwcisor Uubies in their h.indes, and the Marehant that wil hiiv
coiuineth to oiif of these Tareghe and tellelii him, that he h.iili so much nioiiev to impl >, iii
■ Rubies. For ihnnigh the hainls of tiicse loiiie men passe all tiie Rubies: fir th<-v haue smli
qiiantitie, that the\ knowe imt wlial to doe with them, but sill tiiem at most vile ;ind h.iv
prices. When the Marchant hath broken his tniiid to one of thc»c brokers or T.ueghe, the\

cai .

l>'il S.

"^asar Frederick,

J»/. Casar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

369

cary him home to one of their Shops, althoygh he hath no knowledge in Icvvels: and when
the lewellers perceiue that hee will employ a good round summc, they will make a bargaine,
and if not, they let him alone. The vse generally of thlit Citie is this: that when any Mar-
chant hath bought any great quantitie of Kubics, and hath agreed for them, hee carieih them
home to his house, let ihem be of what value they will, he siiall haue space to looke on iheni
and peruse them two or three dayes: a;id if he hath no knowledge in them, he shall alwaycs
haue many Merchants in that Citie that haue very good knowledge in Icwels; with whom he
may alwaycs conferre and take counsell, and may shew them vnto whom he will; and if he
finde that hee hath not employed his money well, hee may returne his Jewels backe to them
whom hee had them of, without any losse at all. Whicli thing is such a shame to the T.i-
reghe to haue his lewols returne, that he had rather beare a blow on the face then that it
should be thought that he solde them so deere to haue them returned. For these men haue
alwayes great care that they affbord good peniworths, especially to those that haue no know-
ledge. This they doe, because they woulde not loose their credite: and when those Mar-
chants that h.iue knowledge in lewcis buy any, if they buy them deere, it is their own faults
and not the brokers: yet it is good to haue knowledge in lewels, by reason that it may some-
what ease the price. There is also a very good order which they haue in buying of Icwels,
which is this; There are nvany Marchants that stand l)y at the making of the bargainc, and
because they shall not vnderstand howc the Icwels be solde, the Broker and the Marchants
haue their hands vndera cloth, aiul by touching of fingers and nipping the ioynts ihey know
what is done, what is bidden, and wiiat is asked. So that the .tanders by knowe not what is
demaundcd for them, although it be for a thous.-.nd or 10. thousand duckets. For euery ioynt
and cuery finger hath his signification. For if the .M.irchants that stande by should vnder-
stand the bargainc, it would brcede great contronersic amon,[,st thorn. And at my being in
Pegu in the monclh of .\ngust, in Anno l.'i()9. hauing gotten well by my endeuour, 1 was
desirous to see mine ownc Countrey, and I thought it go«l to goc by the way of S. Tome,
but then I should tary vntil Marili.

In which iourney I was coun>ailrd, yea, and fully rcsolucd to go by the way of Bcngala,
with a shi|)pe there re.idy to depart for that voyage. And then wee departed from Pegu to
Chalig:ui a great harbour or port, from whence there goe snial ships to Cochin, before the
llccte dep;irt for Portugal), in which ships I u.ns fidly lietcrmined to gi)c to Lisbon, and so
to Venice. When \ h.iJ thus rcsolucd my scU'e, I went aboord of the shippe of Bcngala, at
wliit'ii time it w.is the yecre of Toiilliin : concerning which ToulTon ye are to vnderstand, that
in the East Indies often limes, tliere are not stormes as in other countrevs; but eucrv 10. or
Vi. yecrcs there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that
h;mc scene it, neither do they know ccrt.iinly what vcerc thcv wil roine.

Vnfortuiiate are (hey that are at sea in that ycreand time of' the Toutlon, because few there
are tliat escape tl.at danger. In this ycre it was our chance to be at sea with the like storme,
hut it happened well vnto vs, for ihal our sliip was newlv oucr-planckcil, and h.iil not any
thing in her sauc viiliiall and balasts, Siluer and golde, which from Pegu they rnry to Ben-
■•ala, and no other kinde of Marchandise. Tins Tonllbn or cruel storme ciidnrcd three daves
and three nights: in which time it caried away our sailes, yards, and rudder; and because
the shi|)[)e laboured in the Sea, wee cut our mast ouer boord: which wlicn we h.id done she
|jb( ured a great deale more then before, in such wise, that she was almost lull witli water
ih;il came ouer the highest part of her and so went downe: and IVr the space of three dave«
and three nights si.xtie men did nothing but hale water out of her in this wise, twentie men
in one place, aiul twentie men in another place, and twentie in a tlurdc pl.ice : and for all tliis
storme, the shippe was so good, that shee t(M)ke not one iot of water below throng!) hrr sides,
hut all r.ni downe through the hatches, so that those sixtie men did nothing but ca- ihe Sea
into the Sea. And thus driuing too and fro as the winde and Sea would, we were in a darkc
nigiit about I'oure of the clocke cast on a sholde: yet when it was dav, we could neither see
land on one side nor other, and knew not where we were. And as it pleased the diuine power,
there came a great wuue of liie Sea, which draue vs beyonde the should. And when wee felt

VOL II. 3 B the

An honest cire
of heathen peo-
ple.

Bargainet made
with the nipping
uf Bngeri Tnder
a cloth.

This ToufToH is
an eitraordinary
storme at Sea,

The Tout'oii
Cometh hut
cuery lo. or II.
yeercs.

Wil, I

»H

ir ilfl

.%'

•i ■-!'■' ' t

1'^ '\' i

370

Atninifeir
tokrn of the
ebbing and flow-
ing in those
Countrtis.

This Island is
called Sondiuj),

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

J\I. Ctesar Frederick.

Sondivia 1! (he

fruilfulltst
Countrry in tl
tbc woiW>

Cha'lsjn is .i
port in Ocngab,
• llilhct thr I'or-

thfir ihi['i*

Thf King if
Rjcliim.or Aia«
CJlTli nri^hbuur
to Bengali.

Of) Aracam,

the sliippe aflotc, we rose vp as men rcuiued, because the Sea was calme and smooth water
and then sounding; we found twclue fadome water, and within a while after wee had but sixc
fadome, and then presently we came to anker with a small anker that was left vs at the sterne
for all our other were lost in the storme : and by and by the shippc strooke a ground, and
then wee did prop her that she should not ouerthrow.

When it was day the shippe was all dry, and wee found her a good mile from the Sea on
drie land. This Toufion being ended, we discouered an Island not I'arre from vs, and we went
from the shippc on the sands to sec what Island it was: and wee found it a place inhabited,
and, to my iudgemcnt, the fertilest Island in all the world, the which is diuided into two
parts by a chanell which passeth bctwccne if, & with great trouble we brought our ship into
the same chanel, which partcth the Island at flowing water, and there we determined to stay
40. dayes to refresh vs. And when the people of the Island saw the ship, and that wc were
Coming a land: presently they made a place of bazar or a market, with shops right oucr
against the ship with all nianer of prouision of \ictuals to eafe, which they brought downe
in great abundance, and sold it .so good chcapc, that we were ama/.ed at the cheapene.sse there-
of. I bought many salted kine there, for the prouision of tlie ship, for halfe a Larine a pii-cc,
which Larine may be Vi. shillings sixe ponce, being very gocxl and fat; and 4'. wilde hoggcs
ready dressed f«r a Larine; great fat hennes for a Hi/.ze a piece, which is at the most a |)cn.
nie: and the people told vs that we were decciucd the ha'ife of our muney, becau-ic we boui;lit
things so deare. Also a sacke of fine rice for a thing of nothing, and conscc)ucntIy all other
things for hiunaine sustenance were there in ^U(■h aboumlancc, that it is a thing incredible
but to them that haue scene it. This Island is called Sundiua belonging to tlie kingdonie df
Ucngala, distant I 'iO. miles from Chaligan, to which place wee were bound. The people .ire
Moore-i, and the king a very goml man of a Moore king, for 11 he h.ad bin a tyrant as others be,
he might haue rol)bcd vs of all, because the I'orlugall captainc (f Chntigan was in amies agaiii>t
the Rctor of that place, &• cucrv day there were some slaine, at which newes we rested there
with no smal fcare, keeping good watch and ward aboord eucrv night as the vse is, but the
goucrnonr of the towne tlid conilort vs, and bad vs that we should feare nothing, but thnt
we should repose our sclucs securely without any danger, although the I'ortugales of Ch.ni-
gan had slaine the goucrnour of thalCily, and said that we were not culpable in that fact: ami
moreouer he did vs cucrs day what pleasure he could, which wa-* a thing contrary to our ex-
pectations considering that they & the people of Chatigan were both subiects to one king. We
departed from Soiuliua, iV came to Chatigan the great port of Bengala, at the same lime when
the I'ortugales had made peace and taken a truce witli the gouernours of the towne, with tills
condition that the chiefe Caplaine of the I'ortugales with his ship should dcjiart without any
lading: for there were then at that time 18. ships of Portugales great and small. This ('.ni.
taine being a Cientleman and of good courage, was notwitlistanding contented to ilepart in
his greatest hiiiderance, rather than hce would sccke to hinder so many of his friends ;n were
there, as also because the lime of the yeere was spent to go to the Indies. The nighi bcl'orc
he departed, euery ship that had any huling therein, \n\\ it aboord of the Caplaine to helpc
to case his charge and to recompcnce his courtesies. In thi- time there came a luesseniHT
from the king of Kachim to this Portugal Captaine, who saide in ihe behall'c of his king, ih.it
hee had heard of the counige and xalure of him, desiring him gently that he would \ouih-:ile
to come with the ship into his j)urt, and coming thither he sliould be sery wcl inircated. This
Portugal went thither and was very well salisticd of this King.

This King of Kachim hath his scale in the middle coast betweene Hengala and IN'gu, and
the greatest eneinie he hath is the king of Pegu; which king of Pegu deuiseih niuhf and
day how to make this king of Kachim his subiect, but by no meancs hee is able to ice it •
because the king of Pegu hath no jiowcr nor arniie by Sea. And this kins of • Kacliini iii.iv
armc two hundreth Galleves or Fusts by Sea, and by land he hath «'ertaine sliise- with the
which when the king of Pegu prctendcth any harme towards him, hce mav at liis pleasure
drowne a great part of the Countrey. So that by this nieanes bee tutteth oil' the N».iy whcrchy
the king of Pegu should come with his power to hurt hiui.

From

M Canar Frederick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

371

From the great port of Chatigan they cary for tlie Indies great store of rice, very great The commodi-
oiinntitie of B(Miiba«it cloth ofciicrv sort, Suger, corne, and money, with other marchandize.'J"'''iL',e°?

" . . c 1 • ^1 ■^ ■ 1 r» 11 1 • i • 1 1 I f 1 from Cliatigan

And byrcastw of tho warres in Chatigan, the Portugall ships taried there so long, that they to the inJiei.
arriucd not at Cochin so soone as they were wont to doc other yocres. For which cause tho The Portugal
declc that was at Cochin was departed for Portugal before they arriucd there, and I lje'i'gSp'i!'""',n
in one of the small shippcs before the flccte, in di^x■oucring of Cochin, we also discouered out of thu harbor
(he last shijjpe of the Fieete that went from Cochin to Portugall, where shec made saile, for"' ^''"'''"•
which I was marueilously discomforted, because that all the yeerc following, there was no
I'-oing for Portugale, and when we arriucd al Cochin I was fully determined to goe for Ve-
nice by the way of Ormus, and at that time the Ciiie of (Joa was besieged by the people of
Dialcan, l)ul the Citizens forced not this assault, because they supposed that it would not goiwm be-
continue long. For all this I embarked my selfe in a Galley that went for Goa, meaning'"'''''
there to shippe mv selfe for Ormus : but when we came tn Goa, the Viceroy would not sufl(?r
any Portugal to depart, by reason of the warres. And being in Goa but a small time, I fell
sickeof an inlirmilie that helde mce fonre moneths : which with phisicke and diet cost me
eii^ht hundreth duckets, and there I was constrained to sell a smal quantitie of Rubies to sus-
tainc my neede : and I solde that for (iue hundreth duckets, that was worth a thousand. And
when I beganne to waxc well of my disease, I had but little of that money left, euery thing
was so scarsc : For euery chicken (and yet not good) cost niee scuen or eight Liuers, which
is sixc shillings, or sixe shillings eight j)ence. Beside this great charges, the Apothecaries
with their medicines were no small charge to me. .\t the eiule of sixe moneths they raised
the sioije, and then I beganne to worke, for Icwcis were risen in their prices : for whereas
before I soltl a few of refused Hubics, I determined then to sell the rest of all my lewels that
1 had ihcrc, and to make an other \oyage to Pegu. And for because that at my departure
from Pegu, Opium was in great rc(|Mcst, I went then to Cambaya to implov a good round Opium agoo*
sinnme of money in Opium, and ilicre I bought (>(). peicels of Opium, which cost me two Jl'J'™"''"""
thousand it a linndreih duckets, euery ducket at foure shillings two pence. .Moreouer I
bought three bales of IJombast cloth, which co<t me ei^ht hundred duckats, which was a good
cOmoditie for Pegu : when I had bought these lhing<, the Vicen^y commanded that the cus-
toine of the Ojiium should be paide in Goa, and paying cu-itome there I might carv it wiiithcr
1 would. 1 shipped my .'{. b.des of doth at ("haul in a shippe that went for Cochin, and I went
to (Joa to pay the aforcsaiil ciistome for my Cj)ium, and from Goa I dep.nricd to Cochin in a
ship thai was fcr the voya.',e of Pegu, and went to winter then at S. Tome. When I came to
Ctirhin, I vndcr-tood that the ship that had my three bales of cloth was cast away ami lost,
-o that I Inst my S(K). Soratins or duckats: and departing froin Cochin to goe for S. Tome, in
la-iini; about lor the Island of Zeilan tlic Pilote wa-; dccciued, fur that the Cape of the
Maud of Zeilan lielh Carre out into the sca, and the Pilot thinkinsi tliat he might haue passed
li.Tiil abixird the ("a|)i', and paying roomer in llu' Mi<.';ht ; when it was morning \vc were farre
within the Cape, and past all remedy to go t)ut, by reason the winds blew so (iercely against
vs. So that by this meanes we lost our voyage I'oe that yere, and we went to Manar with the
-K\\t to winter there, the sliip hauing lost her mastes, and with great dilligence we hardly
saucd her, with great losses to the Capt.iine of the ship, because he was forced to fraight
;innther shi|) in S. Tome for Pegu with great losses and interest, and I witli m\ friends agreed
touciher in .Manar to take a bark to cary \s to S. Tome ; which thing we did with al the rest
'•( the niarrhanls ; and arriuing at S. Tome I had news through or by the way of Hengala,
lliat in Pegu Opium was very dcare, and I knew that in S. Tome there was no Opium but
mine to uo ft>r Pegu that ycre, so that 1 was hoKlen of al the marchaiits there to be very rich:
and so it would haue proued, if mv aduerse fortune had not bin contrarv to mv ho])e, whKch
w.is this. .\t th:it time there went a great ship from ("ambaya, to t!ie king of .Vssi, with great
i|u:uititieof Opium, cS^' there to lade pei)er : in wliicii vovaue there came such a storme, that
the -hip was Ion ed wit'i wether to goe roomer S(M). miles, and bv this meanes came to Pegii,
ulicrc.is tliev arriucdadav bclnre mce; so th:U Opium which was before verv dcare, was now
.11 a l):i-e price: so that w!iiili was sold for IH'tic Hi.'/e licfore, w.as solde for !2. Biz/e & an

J r. 'i halfe.

I'l

i' 1. 1

iri^t,i

N'l

S72

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

jyj. Ctesar Prederick.

I . ii

Ptfts tree.

halfe, there was such quantitie came in that ship; so that 1 wa«glad to stay two yeres in Pegu
vnlcsse I would haue giuen away my coinmoditie : and at the end of two yeres of my 2I(X).
duckets which I bestowed in Cambaya, I made but a thousand duckets. Then I departed againe
from Pegu to goe for the Indies and for Ormus with great quantitie of Lacca, and from Ormus
I returned into the Indies for Chnul, and from Chaul to Conhin, and from Cochin to Pegu.
Once more 1 lost occasion to make me riche, for whereas I might haue brought good store of
Opium againe, I brought but a little, being fearefull uf my other voyage before. In this
small quantitie I made good prolitc. And now againe I determined to go for my Countrey,
and departing from Pegu, I tarried and wintered in Cochin, and then I left the Indies arid
came for Ormus.

I thinke it very neccss.iry before I ende my voyage, to reason somewhat, and to shcwe
what fruits the Indies do yoeld and bring forth. First, in the Indies and other East parts of
India there is Pcper and ginger, which groweth in all parts of India. And in some parts of
the Indies, the greatest quantitie of peper groweth amongst wilde bushes, without any manor
of labour : sauing, that when it is ripe they goe and gather it. The tree that the pcper
groweth on is like to our Inie, which runneth vp to the tops of trees whcrcsoeuer it groweth:
and if it should not take holde of some tree, it would lie flat and rot on the ground. This
peper tree hath his flourc and berry like in all parts to our luie berry, and those berries be
grainesof peper: so that when they gather them they be greene, and then they lay them
in the Sunne, and they become blacke.

The Ginger groweth in this wise : the land is tilled and sowen, and the herbe is like to I'a-
nizzo, and the roote is the ginger. These two spires grow in diners places.

The Cloues come all from the Moluccas, which Moluccas are two Islands, not tcry great,
and the tree that thcv grow on is like to our Liwrell tree.

The Nutmegs and Alaces, which grow both together, arc brought from the Island of Rinda,
whose tree is like to our walnu! tree, but not so big.

All the good white Sandol is brought from the Isluid of Timor. Canfora being compoinid
commeth all from China, and all that which groweth in rancs commefh from Borneo, & I
thinke that this Canfora commefh not into these parts: for that in India they consume grc;it
store, and that is verv deare. The good Lignum Aloes commeth from Cauchinchiiia.

The HiMiiamin commeth from the kingdome of As«i and Sion.

Long pcper groweth in Bciigala, Pegu, and Iau:i.

Muske commefh from Tarfaiia, which they tnakc in this order, as by gooti information 1
There is a ccrtaiiie beast in Tarlaria, which is wilde and as big as a wolfe.
ou'i'hirfcihc which beast they f;ike aliue, \ beat him to death with small sialics y his blood may bespread
b^iriuth".! ihroiigh his whole bodv, then they cut it in pieces, & take out all the bones, & beat ilic
■naucanJpui (Icsh with the blood in a morlcr verv snial, and drv if, and m:ikc purses to put it in of the

Truelv I know not whereof the Amber is made, and there are diners opinions of it, but
this is most certaine, it is ( ast out of the Sea, and throwne on land, and foinul vpon the sea
bankes.
RubiH, s«- The Rubies, Saphyres, and the Spinels be gotten in the kingdome of I'c^u The Diamante

i>h»rcs, and ."ipi- come from diners places; and I know but three sorts of thcut. That sort of IJiamants ih.il
is called Chiappe, commeth from IJc/cncner. Those that be pointed nafiu-aily conic from
the land of Delly, and frotti laua, but the Diamants of lana arc more waightie then the other,
■riif BiiMji I could ncucr vnderstand from whence they that are called lialassi come.
iiowc in Zc.Un. Pcarles they lish in diners places, a-, before in this booke is showne.

Spodiom. Froin Catnbaza commeth the Spodioin which congelcth in rertaine cams, whereof I found

many in Pegu, when I made my house there, because that (as I haue say«l before) the\ make
On iht coait cf their hou«es there of wonen canes like to mats. From Chaul thcv trade alongst the coa«t of
Et'hirpi?, i'"ihe^'^'''"'*' '" Ethiopia, within the land of Cafraria : on that coast are nianv good harbors kept
iinJ of Cafuria, by thc Moorcs. Thither the Portugals bring a kinde of Hombast cloth of a low price, and
ih« fh/pof'."'' f;'"<^a' stof^^ ^'l^ Paternosters or beads made of paltrie glasse, which they make in Cluuil ai -

luialsbaue. Cordillj;

Ginger.

Cloues.

NutfTiegs aild
Micrs.

White Sandol
Canfora.

Lignum Aloei.
Benlamin.
Long peper.
Thii Muslte tht

•'•'*''","""■ haue bene told

e»ar Frederick.

rbc is like to I'a-

M. CtBsar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

373

cording to the vse of the Coimtrcy : and from thence they cary Elephants teeth for India,
sialics called Cafari, and some Aint)er and Gold. On this coast the king of Portugall hath
his castle called Mozambique, which is of as great importance as any castle that hee hath
in all his Indies vnder his protection, and the Captaine of this castle hath certaine voyages
to this Cafraria, to which places no Marchants may goe, but by the Agent of this Captaine :
and they vse to goe in small shippes, and trade with the Cafars, and their trade in buying
and selling is without any spcach one to the other. In this wise the Portugals bring tlieir °m!''\'"^
goods by litle and litle along^t the Sea coast, and lay them downe : and so depart, and the "ordfonew
Cafar Marchants come and sec the goods, & there they put downe as much gold as they """''"•
thinkc the goods are worth, and so goe their way and leaue their golde and the goods
together, then commcth the Portugal, and Uncling the golde to his content, hee takcth it and
goeth his way into his ship, and then commcth the Cafar and taketh the goods and carieth
them away : and if he linde the golde there still, it is a signe that the Portugals are not con-
tented, and if the ("afar thinke he hath put too little, he addeth more, as he thinketh the
thing is worth: and the Portugales must not stand with them too strickt; for if they doc,
then they will haue no more trade with them : For they distlaine to be refused, when they
thinke that they haue offered ynough, for thry bee a peeuish people, and haue dealt so of a
long time: and by this trade the Portugals change their commodities into gold, and cary it coWen traJei
to the Castle of Mozambique, which is in an Island not farre distant from the firme land of 'hat the Por-
Cafraria on the coast of Ethiopia, and is distant from India 'iS()0. miles. Now to returne to '°
my voyage, when I came to Ormus, I found there Master Francis Berettin of Venice, and
^»e fraighrcd a bark together to goe for Basora for 70. durkcts, and with vs there went other
Marchants, which did e.isc our fraiaiht, and very commodiously wee came to Basora and there
wc slaved 40. davcs for prouidin,4 a Carouaii of barks to go to Babylon, becau-ic they v.se
not to goe two or .'<. barkcs at once, but 25. or .SO. because in the night they cannot go, but
must make them fast to ilie banks of the riuer, and then we must make a very good & strong
guard, and be wel proui.icd of armor, for respert & salVgnrd of our goods, because the
number of theeues is great th;it come to spoile and rob the marchants. And when we depart
lor Babylon we goe a liile \sith our saile, and the voyage is ^8. or 40. dayes long, but we
were .')0. dayes on it. When wc lame to B.ibylon we : 'a>eil there 4. moneths, vntill the
Caroii.in was ready to go oner the wilderncs, or desert for .Mepo ; in this citie we were (>.
.Marchants that ace (impanied together, Hue Venetians and a Portugal ; whose names were as
followrih, Messi-r Florina>^a with one of his kinsmen, Mes-er .\ndrea de Polo, the Portugal
\ M. Francis Berettin and I, and so wee furnished our selues with victuals and beanes lor
our horses for 40. d.iyes ; and wee bought hoises and mules, for that the^ bee very good An otjftiio'v
ihc.ipe there, 1 my stlfe Ixuf^ht a horse there lor II. akcns, ijid solde him after in Alcpo g",''™"'',','"
lor .'iO. duckets. Also we bought a 'I'ent which did vs \erv great i)leasure: we had ;ilso i'""' f"""
ainonust vs Wi. Camels huU-n with march.miHsc : for t!u' which we paid 'i. duckets for cuery Atcpo"" '
camels lailini;, and for eucry 10. camels they made 1 1, lor so is their v>c and cu^tome. We
lake also with ss '.i. men to .-erue vs in the vovage, which are \sed to goe in those vovages
lor (ii;e D d. a man, and are buind to scrue vs to Alej) i : so that wc |)assed \erv well without
anv trouble : when the camels cried out to rest, our paiiilion was the lir-t that was erected.
The Caniuan maketh but small ionrneis ab>)iit 20. miles a dav, &: thcv set forwards cuery
mia:iing bel'iire ilav two houres, and about two in the artenuume they sit downe. We had
great •.;ood hap in our voyage, for lint it rained: For which caujc wo iicuer wanted water,
but eutrv .lay found gooil water, so that we could ml take any hurl tor want of water. Yet
we caried a camel laden alwayes with water for e'.ierv gocnl respect that might chance in the
dc;.ert, so that wee had no want neither of one thing, nor other that was to bee had in the
(.ii'trcy. For wee ca:ue \ery well lurnished of eucrv thing, and cuery day we e;.t fresh
mutton, because there < a^ue many shepheards willi \s with their Hocks, who kept those sheepe
that wc bought in Babylon, aiul euerv marchant marked his sheepe with his owtie marke, and
wc gaue the shepheards a .Medio, which is two pence of our money for the keeping and feed-
in ■'

I If ."'(?•<

' -I ii

M >)lll 111

41'

374

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M, Cesar Frederick.

j6. Dayes iour.
itey oucr thewil-
Jerlics.

An order how
to prouide for
the going to
leruulem.

The author re-
turnrth to Ve-
nice Ij8l.

A very pood
oijer that they
haur in thoic
t'our.treys for
the rccinicring
•f the goodi of
tile dead.

iiig our sheep on the way and for killing of them. And beside the Mcdin they haue the heads,
the 8kinnc9, and the intrals of euery shccpc they kil. We sixe boiij;ht 20. shccpe, and when
v,c came to Alepo we had 7. aliue of them. And in the Carouan they vsc this order, that the
marchant!^ doc lendc flesh one to another, because they will not cary raw flesh with them, but
pleasure one another by lending one one day and another another day.

From Babylon to Alepo is 40. dayes iourncy, of the which they make 36. dayes oner the
wildernes, in which 30. dayes they neither see house, trees, nor people that inhabitc n, hut
oncly a plaine, and no signe of any way in the world. The Pilots iroc before, and the Caro-
uan folioweth after. And when they sit downc ail the Carouan vnladeth and sitteth doune,
for they know the stations where the wells arc. I say, in 36. dayes we passe ouer the wjl-
dernesse. For when wee depart from Babylon two dayes we passe by villages inhabited vntil
wc haue passed the riucr Euphrates. And then within two dayes of Alepo we haue villages in-
habited. In this Carouan there goelh aiway a Captaine that doth lustice vnto all men ; and
euery night they keepe w.ntch about the Carouan, and comming to Alepo we went to Tripoli,
whereas Master Florin, and Master Andrea Polo, and I with a Frier, went and hired abarketn
goe with vs to lerusalem. Departing from Trijjolie, wc arriucd at lafla: from which place in
a day and halfe we went to lerusalem, and wc gaiic order to our barke to tary for vs vniill
our rctiirne. Wee stayed in lerusalem 14. dayes, to visile those holy |)la<;es : from whence
we returned to laflh, and from laflii to Tripolie, and there wee shipped our selues in a ship of
Venice called the Bagazzana; And by the helpe of the diuine power, we arriued safely i,i
Venice the lift of Noucmber I.jSI. If there be any that hatli any desire to goe into ilKjfic
partes of India, Id iiim not be astonied at the troubles that I haue passed: because I wn-t
inlangled in many things : for that I went very poore fro Venice witli I'^'X). duckets im-
j)loved in niarchandize, and when 1 came to Tripolie, I fellsicke in the house of Master l\C:::i-
ly Oratic, and this man sent aw.iy my goods wit!) a small Cnniuan that wi'Ut from Tripolie lo
Alepo, and the Carouan was robd, and all my goods lost sauing I'oure che-ts of glasses whidi
cost me 'iOO. duckets, of which glasses I found many broken : because the thceucs thinkiii;;
it had bene other niarchandize, brake them vp, and seeing ihey were glasses they let ihcm
all alone. And with this oncly stocf%e I aduetiiured (u ;;()e into the Indies : And thus wiili
change and rechange, and by diligence in my voyage, (Ji'd did blesse and helpe mee, so ili:ii
I got a good slocke. I will not be Miniiiidfull lo juit iliem in reinembra'ice, that haue a dc-
sire lo goe into those p. iris, how thev sliall keepe liieir goods, an<l giue them lo their heircs
at the lime of their death, and howc lliis nia\ be dnnc very securely. In all ihe cities that
the Portugales haue in the Indies, ihcrc i^ a hou-c called ilie sclmole of Sancla miscriconlia
comis.saria; llie gonernours whercoC, il vou ^'.iue them for llieir paincs, will take a cojjpy ef
your will and Testament, which you nni.-<t alwayes carv alxmt vmi; and chicllv when vou go
into the Indies In the counlrev of the Monres and (ientilfs, in those \ovav;cs alwavcs there
goelh a Cajilainc to administer lustice to all (hrisiiaiis of llie Poriugaics. AUc, this caplainc
hath aulhoritie to recouer tlie toods of tho>e Marchaiits ihal hv chance die in those vovagrx,
and ihey that haue not made their Wills and regi^ired tiiem in liie afore-ayde schooles, ilie
C.iplaincs wil consume their goods in .such wise, that litle or nothing will be lel'i for ihcir
heires and friends. Also there goeih in these same vovagcs some marchants that are commis-
saries of the schoole of .Sancla miscriconlia, that if any .Marchani die and haue his Will made,
and hath giuen order that the schoole of Misericcrdia shall haue his gocMJsand sell them, then
ihey sonde the money by exchange to the schoole of Miscriconlia in Lisbouc, with that copic
of his Testament, then from Lisljon thev ^iuc iutelli<,'enie thereof, into what j)arf ofChrisien-
dome socuer it be, and the heires of such a one comming thither, with Icslimoniall that thev
be heires, they shall rccciue there the \aliie of his goods : in sue h wise that thev shall not
loose any thing. But they that die in the kingdome of Pegu loose the ihirde p.irt of their
goods by anticnt custome of tlic {'ountrcy, that if any Christian dielh in the kingdmne ol
Pegu, the king and his oflicers re-t heires of a ihinic of his goods, and there hath ncueri)rne
any deceit or fraudc vsed in this matter. I haue kuowen many rich men that haue duelled

Cesar Frederick.

The Q. let. to tlu K. of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

375

ill Pegu, ami in their age they haiic desired to go into their owne Countrcy to die there, and
haiie departed with al their goods and substance without let or trouble.

In Pegu the fashion of their apparel is all one, as well the noble man, as the simple: the Order of »ppaHi
onely dilfcrcncc is in the fiiienes of the cloth, which is cloth of Bombast one finer then ancv'" '''«"•
ihcr, and they weare their apparell in this wise: First a white Bombast cloth which senieth
for a shirt, then they gird another painted bombast cloth of fouretccnc brases, which they
binde vp betwixt their leggc-f, and on their heads they wcarc a small tock of three braces,
made in ^uize of a myfcr, and some goc without tocks, and cary (as it were) a blue on their
Iicades, ^vliich doeth not passe the lower part of his eare, when it is lifted vp : they goe all
Iwrc footed, but the Noble men ncucr goe (m foote, but are caried by men in a seate with
j^reat reputation, with a hat made oftheleaucs of a tree to keepe him from the raine and
Siinnc, or otherwise they rkle on horsebacke with their feete bare in the stirops. All sorts Ti^j^^jj^^f^.
(if women whatsoeucr they be, weare a smocke downe to the girdle, and from the girdle womens apparel
downewards to the (bote they wcarc a cloth of three brases, open before ; so straite that they '" '''^'""
cannot goe, but they must shcwc their secret as it were aloft, and in tlieir going they faine
to hide it with their hand, but they caiiot by reason of the straitnes of their cloth. They say
that ihisvse was inuented by a Qucenc to be nn occasion that the sight thereof might re-
moue frum men the vices against nature, which they are greatly giuen vnto; which sight
should cause them to regard women the more. Also the wimen j;oe bare footed, their armes
laden with lioopes of golde ;ind lewel-: And their fingers full of precious rings, with their
haire rolled vp about their heads. Many of them weare a cloth about their shoulders instead
of a cloake.

Now to linish that which I haue 1)C!;nniic to write, I say, that those parts of the Indies are ve-
ry good, because that a man tiiat hath litlc, sliail make a great deale thereof; alwaycs they
must gouerne tlieniscliics tlial ihry lie taken for honest men. For why ? to such there shal
rciicr wa!)t heipe to doe wcl, l)ut he that is vicious, let him tary at home and not go thither,
l)ccause he shall alwayes be a begger, and die a poorc man.

Letters concerning the voyaj'e of M. lohn Ncwbery and M. Ralph Fitch, made by
the way of the Lcuant Sea to Syria, and oucrland to Balsnra, and thence into the
East Indies, and beyond, In the yeerc l,')S.'jJ.

A letter written from tlic (iucencs Majestic, to Zelabdiin Echcbar, King of Cam-
baia, and sent i)y loiin Ncwlicry. I;i rdiruary Anno Ij8.'i.

Kl.izabclh by the grace of (iod, &c. To the most iiuiiiicible, and most mightie prince,
lord Zelabdim Eciiclar king ofC'ambava. Inuinciblc Kmpcror, &c. The great atlection
whiili our Stibiccts haue. to \isit the niiHt distant places of the \wirld, not without good will
mil intention to introduce the trailc of marchand'/c of at nations wh.-.tsncucr thev can, by
wiiich meancs the mutii.d and IrieinlU traliqiic of marc handi/.e on liotli sides mav come, is
the cause that the licarcr of this letter lohii Newherv, iovntlv with those that be in his com-
|)aii\, with a curteoiis and honest l)iddnes«e, die repairc to the borders and coiiptrevs of
Miir Kinpire, we douht iK.t imt that \oiir impcilall Maicstic tiirough vour roval grace, will
i.cuoi'rabl) and IViciiilK aicept him. And that \ou would doe it the rathtr for our sake, to
make vs greatly Ix'lioldiiig to vmir Niaicstic; wee should more earnestlv, and with more
\sorde-. ic(|ul;\> it, il wee did tiiink it necdrul. Hut bv the singular rejxirt thai is of vour
iitipcria! Maiestics hi niaiiitie in these \tter.nost parts of the world, we arc greatly eased of
that burden, and tlicriTore we \se ilie fewer and lesse words; onciv we reipicst tliat because
they arc our subiecis, thiv n.av be lionestlv iiitrcatcd a:.d n vciiied. And that in respect
of the hard iourncN which thiv haue \iidcrtaken to piaces so Car dislnit, it would please
your Maieslic with some libcitic and '^ci iiritie of voia^e to gratitie it, \-ilh such priuileges
as to yoii sh.ll sdinc ;;coa : winch cuilcsie if vour Inipciiali ii'iii'slic shal U our subiects
.It our rc(|iie-,fs jirrrmii.e, wet', acccniiiig t(i our ro\a!' lur. iir wii rccompence the same
with as many dc-crt:! as we cm. .\nd herewith we bill your Imperial AJaies-tie to farewel.

A letter

I'^'i..''

' 111 ■'" ■ i

iIM -I •'■

'\i

S'.'*

•3U

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

lohn Ncwhcrie.

A letter written by her Maiestic to the King or China, in Februaric I58;{.

ELizabcth by the grace of God Qiieenc of England, &c. Mo»t Imperial and inuinribic
prince, our honest subicct lohn Newbcry the bringcr hereof, who with our fauoiir hath lakew
in hand the voyage which nowc hcc pursueth to the part:< and counlrcys of your Empire, nnr
trusting vpon any other ground then vpon the fauour of your Imperiall cicinencie ami Im-
nianitie, is inoued to vndertakc a thing of so much din'uullie, being perswaded that hcc
hailing entered into so many perils, your ^faiestie will not dislike the same, es|iecially if it
may ap|)earc that it be not daniagcable vnto your royall Maiesiic, and that to your pcuplo
it will bring some profite : of both which things he not doubting, with more willing inindc
hath prepared himselfc for his destinated voyage vnto vs well liked of. For by this mcancs
we percciiie, that the profit which by the mutual trade on both sides, a! the jirinces our
neighbors in y West do receiue, vour Imperial maiestic & those that be subiect vndcr your
dominion, to their i;rcat ioy and benefit shal hauc the same, which consisteth in the tran-
sporting outward of such things whereof we hauc plenty, & in bringing in such things 3%
we stand in need of. It cannot otherwise be, but that seeing we arc borne and made to
haiie need one of another, & that wee are bound to aide one another, but lliat your imperial
Maiestic wil wel like of it, & by your subiects \V like indcuor wil be accepted. For the
increase whereof, if your imperial Maiestie shall adde the secnritie of passage, with other
priuiieges most necessary to vse the trade with your men, your maicsiic shall doe that which
belongeth to a most honorable & liberal prince, and dcserue so much of vs, as by no co-
tiniiance or length of time shalbe furgotten. Which request of ours we do most instantly
desire to be take in goo<l part of your maiestie, and .so great a benefit towards vs & our
men, we shall endeuor by diligence to requite when time shal serue thereunto. The (iod
Almighty long prcserue your Imperial maiestie.

A letter of M. lohn Newbery, written from Alepo, to M. Ilichard Ilakluyt of
Oxford, the 28 of May, Anno ITiSJ. •

Right welbeloued, and my assured good friend, I heartily commend me vnto yon, hopini;
of your good health, &c. After we set saile from Granesend, which was the I'J. day d
February last, wee romuincd vpon our ciast vntili the II. day of March, and that day wc
set sailc from Falmouth, and nener nnkcred till wee arrincd in the road of Tripolie in .Svri.i,
which was the List day ot April! List past, where wee stayed I^. dayes: and the Iwentie of
this present we came hither to .Mepo, and with (inds hcipe, within tine or sixe dayes goc
from hence towards the Indies. Since my roinniiiig to Trijiolis I haue made very earnnst
Abiifxia iimiei inquirie ijoth there and here, for the bookc of Co^mographie of Abilfada I»mael, but by no
meanes can heare of it. Sonie say that possiblv it may be had in I'ersia, but notwitiistand-
ing I will not failc to make inquirie for it, b ifh in Babylon, and in ILlsara, and if I ran
finde it in any of these places, I wil send it yon from thence. The letter which yon deli-
uered mc for to copy out, that came from M. Thomas Steucns in (ioa, as also the note you
gaue mec of Francis Fernandcs the Portugal, I brought thence with me among other writ-
ings vnawares, the which I haue sent you here inclosed. Here is great j)reparation for the
warres in Persia, and from hence is gone the Hassa of a townc called Hahemet, and shortly
after goeth the Bas.sa of TripolLs, and the Hassa of Damasco, but they liaue not all with
them aboue 6000. men from hcncv, and tliev goe to a townc called Asmerome, which
is three dayes iourney from Trape/.imde, where they shal meeie with dluers capiaincs and
souldiers that come from Constantinople and other places thereabout, which goe altogether
into Persia. This yeere many men goe into the warres, and so hath there eiiery yeere since
the beginning thereof, which is eight yeeres or thereabouts, but very fewe of them reiurnr
agaioe. Notwithstanding, they get of the Persians, and make castles and holds in their
eouTitrey. I pray you make my hearty commendations to master Peter Guiilame, and m.ister
Philip iones. and to .M. Walter Warner, and to all the rest of our friends. .Master litrh

hath

hif Coimi

'»f

V :„ I,

lohn Nnuhcrie.

John Newberie.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISC0UER1ES.

37r

hath him heartily rnmtnendcd vnto you: and so I commit you to the tuition of the Almigh-
tie, who blessc and kecpc you, and Rend vs a ioyfull meeting. From Alepo, the ^. of
May 1583.

Your louing friend to command in all that I may.

lohu Newberie.

Another fetter of the said M. Newberie, written to Master Leonard Poore of

London from Alepo.

Right welbcloued, my very heartic commendations vnto you, and the rest of my frienda
remembrcd. My last 1 sent you w.is the 25. of February last, from Dele out of the
DnwncH, after which time with contrary windes wee remained vpon our owne coast, vntill
the II. d.iy of March, and then wee set sailc from Falmouth, and the thirteenth day the Much u.
windc cnmc contrary with a very great storme, which conlinucd eight daycs, and in this
^rent storme wee had some of our goods wettc, but G(xl bee thanked no great hurt done.
Al'icr which time we sailed with a fairc wind within the Streights, and so remained at Sea,
and ankercd at no place vntil our cumming into the roade of Tripolis in Syria, which was
the last day of April. This was a very good passage. God make vs thankfull for it. The foure- Thf U,iof
teenth day of this present wee came from Tripolis, and the twentieth day arriued here in ^^"
Alepo, and with the helpc of (lod lo morrowc or next day, wee beginnc our voyage towards
liabylun and Buls.ira, and so into India. Our friend Master Barret hath him commended to
you, who hath sent you in the Ivmanuel a ball of Nutmegs for th^fmall trifles you sent him,
which I h()|)c long since you haue receiued. Also hee hath by his letter certified you in
what order hee soldc those things, whereof 1 can say nothing, because I haue not scene the
accompt thereof, neither haue demaunded it : for euer since our comming hither hee hath
bene still busie about the dispatch of the siiippe, and our voyage, and I likewise in buying
of things hero to cary to IJals.ira, and the Indies. Wee haue bought in currall for 12()0. and Cumii.
odde ducats, and amber for foure hundreth durates, and some sopc and broken glasse, with'^^,"'"'''"'"*
all other small trifles, all which things I hope will scrue very wcl for those places that wee Bruken jU»e.
shall goc vnto. All the rest of the accompt of the Barke Keinolds w.is sent home in the
Kmanuel, which was liCtOO, ducats, which is 'JOO. pound more then it was rated. For master
.Staper rated it but I KM), li. and it is 1300. pound, so that our part is 200. pound, besides
such profit as it shall please Cod to scndc thereof: wherefore you shall doe very well to
spcake to M. Siajier for the accompt. .\rid if you would content your selfe to trauell for
three or foure yecres, I would wish you to come hither or goe to Cairo, if any goe thither.
Tor wee doubt not if you h;id remained there but three or foure nioneths, you wtnild like so well
(if the place, that I thinke you would not desire to returnc againe in three or foure yeeres.
And, if it should be my chance to remaine in any place oiu ofF.ngland, I would choose this
before all other that I know. .My reason is, the place is healthfull and pleasant, and the
;;aincs very good, and lu) doubt the profit will bee hereafter better, things being vsed in
i;ood order: for there should come in euery ship the fourth part of her ("argason in money,
which would helpe to put away our eommojlities a! a very good price. Also to haue two
very fjood ships to come together, would doe very well: for in so doing, the danger of the
voyage might be accompted .is little .is from London to Antwerpe. Master Giles Porter and
master lulmund Porter, went from Tripolis in a small barke to lafTii, the same day that we
came from thence, which was the li d.ay of this present, so that no doubt but long sir :e
ihcv are in lerusalem: God send them and vs safe returnc. At this instant I haue receiued
the account of M. Barret, and the rest of the rings, with two aiul twentie duckat.s, two me-
ilincs in readic money. So ;'"'rc i-; luilhing remaining in his hands but a few bookcs, and
with Thomas Boslocke I left certiine Muall trifles, which 1 prav vou demaund. And so once
aj,'aine with my hearty comnuMuh.tidiv. I commit you to the tuition of the almightie, who al-
wayes prcseruc vs. From Aleppo th<' 'il> of .May IjS3.

Yours asiiured.. lohn Newberie.

vol., II. .'{ (■ Another

t \

r n

>« •

liH

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

lohn Newberle.

1^.'

; • '

i •: ^''4

Ormu*.

Thf pricpi of

IPILCI it JSi'

Another letter of Master Newberie to the arorcsaide M. Poore, written rrom

Babylon.

MY last I sent you, was the 29 of May last pant from Aleppo, by George Gill the purser
of the Tiger, which the last day of the same moncth came from thciirc, & arriiitd at rdiige
the ID day of lune, which Fciugo i» one dayes iourncy from hence. Noiwiilwtamlinj; houic
of our company came not hither till the last day of the Ia»t moncth, wliith was for w.uit of
Camels to rary our goods: for at this lime of the ycerc, by reason n{' the great hrale that U
here, Camels are very scant to be gotten. And since our comining hither we hauc fdiiiwl
very small sales, but diucrs say that in the winter our commodities will be very well sold, j

Cray God their words may prooiie true. I thinke cloth, kersics & liiine, haue neucr bciip
ere at so low prices as they art- now. Notwithstanding, if I had here so much readie moncv
as the commodities are woorth, I would not doubt to make a verv good prolite of this voiagc
hither, and to Balsara, and so by Gods hclpc there will be reasonable pniliie made of iho
voiage. But with haife money & halfe commoditie, may be bought here the best sort nl'
spices, and other commodities that are brought from the Iiidies, ai)<l without nionev there j^
Tlic ben MR of ijpre at this instant small good to be done. With Gods helpe two dayrs hence, I miiidc to
K'lon. goc fro:n hence to B.ilsara, and from thence of force I must goe to Ornuis for want of a m:iii

Daiura. that spcaketh the Indian tongue. At my being in Aleppo I hired two Na/.aranies, and one

of them hath bene twise in tho Indies, and hath the language very well, but he is a very
lewde fellow, and therefore I will not take him with mc.

Here follow the prices of wares as they are worth here at this instant.

CLoues and Maces, the bateman, .5 duckats.

Cynamon 6 duckats, and few to be gotten.

Nutmegs, the bateman, 4j medins, and 40 medins maketh a duckat.

Ginger, 40 medins.

Pepper, 75 medins.

Turbelt , the bafonian, .'iO medins.

Neel the churle, 70 <luckats, and a churle is 27 rottils and a halfe of Aleppo.

Silke, much better then that whii h commeth from Persin, 1 1 duckats and a halfe the h.iic-
man, and euery bateman here maketh 7 pound and ."i oinices Kn^lish waighl. From Bai)vl(,ii
the 20 day of luly, 1583.

Yours, lohn Newberie.

Master Newberie his letter from Onnus, to M. lohn HIdre<l and Villiam Shals ,it

* Balsara. *

Right welbeloued and my assured good friends, I heariilv cOmend me vnto yon, hopin',
of your good healths, &:c. To certilie you of my voiage, alter I departed fro you, time \m1
not permit: but the 4 of this present we arriued here, & the 10 d.iy I with the rest ucie
committed to prison, and about the middle of the next moncth, the Capuiinc wil semi v., M
in his ship for (Joa. The cause why we arc taken, as- they say, is, for that 1 brought leitirs
from Don Antonio. But the trueth is, Michael .Stropene was the onely cause, vpon Icticis
that his brother wrote him from Aleppo. Gtxl know^th how we shall be dell withall in iioa,
and therefore if yon can procure our masters to send the king of .Spainc liis letters for our
releasement, you should doe vs great good: for they cannot with iiistice put vs to dcafli. It
may be that they will cut our throtes, or keepe vs long in prisf)n: Gods will be ih iie. All
those commodities that I brought hither, had beene very well sold, if this trouble ii.id mt
chanced. You shall do well to send with all speed a messenger by land from BaNara lo
Aleppo, for to ccrlifie of this mischance, although it cost thirtie or fortie crowiits, lor that
we may be the sooner released, and I shalbe the better able to recouer this againe which is

now

lohn Newberte.
ritten from

f Oill Iho purser
irriiic'd at Felugc
itIiNtanding Kninr
1 was for w.inl (if
rcat hcafc thai U
[•r wc hanc fiiind
very well si. Id, l
ham" nriicr bono
iith reaclie inoiiev
ilitc of thi-t voiagc
otiio made of ilip
•e the bc^t sort ii|'
lit money tlicii- i^
icnce, I mimic to
lor \>ant uf a mini
/.aranics anil one
, but he is a very

John Newberle.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

379

vnto you, bopini,

fri) you, tiim- wil
ivith tlu- ri'sl u»Tc
iUw wil «irml v- all
at I brought IcitiTs
cause, vpou irtlers
It-It wiiball in Cioa,

lis letters for our
)ut vs to (kalli. It
will be dene. All
lis trouble had lU'i
nd from HaUara to

irowiies, for that
lis agaiiic which U

now like to be lo«t: I pray you make my hearty commendation<i, &c. From out of the pri-
lon in Ormuz, this 31 of September, 1583.

His second Letter to the foresaid Master lohn Eldred and William Shales.

THe barkc of the Icwes is arriued here two dales past, by whom I know you did write,
but your letters are not like to rome to my hundcs. This bringer hath shewed me here very
■Treat eniirtesie, wherefore I pray you shew him what fauor you may. About the middle of
the next inoneth I thinke we shall depart from hence, God be our j^uide. I thinke Andrew
will goc by land to Aleppo, wherein I pray you further him what you may: but if he should
not jjoe, then I pray you dispatch away a messenger with as much spcede as possible you
may. 1 can say no more, but do for mc as you would I should do for you in the like cause,
and so with my very hearty commendations, &c. From out of the prison in Ormuz, this 24
(lay of September, I58.'i.

Yours, lohn Newberic.

His third Letter to ^faister Leonard I'oorc, written from Goa.

MY last I sent you was from Ormuz, whereby I certified you what had happened there MUhatistro-
vnto me, and the rest of my company, which w.is, that foure dayes after our arriuall there, i^nr an iniiia
we were all committed to prison, except one Italian which came with me from Aleppo, '"iJlj",''™ """
whom the Captaiiie iicuer examined, oiicly demaiimled what countryman he was, but I
make account Michael Siropene, who accused vs, had informed the Caplainc of him. The
tir.it day vvc arriued there, ihis Strojjcnc accused v- that we were spies sent from Don Anto-
nio, besides diners oilier lies: iiotwithslnnding if we had bceiic of any other countrcy then
of England, we might freely huiic traded with them. And ulthougli wc be F.iiglishmen, I
know no reason to llic contrary, but that we may trade hither and thither as well as oiher
nations, for all nations iloe, and may come freely to Ormu/., as Frenchmen, Flemmings, AI-
iiiains, Hungarians, Italians, Greekes, Armenians, Na/aranies, Tiirkcs and Moorcs, lewes &
Gciililes, Persians, Moscouites, and there is no nation that they secke for to trouble, ex-
cept ours: wherefore it were contrary to all iustite and reason that they should sufler
all iiaiions to lr.;dc with them, and to forbid vs. Hut now I hauc as great liberty
as any other nation, excejit it be to go out of the counlrey, which thing as yet I desire not.
l!ut I thinke hereafter, and before it be long, if 1 shall be desirous to go from hence, that
llu'v wil not deny mc licence. Before we might be siiflercd to come out of prison, I was
r.ined to put in sureties for '^(KM) pardaus, not to depart from hence without licence of the
viceroy: otherwise except this, we liaue as much libertie as any other nation, for I hniie our
g'Kids againe, & Inuie taken an hou.se in the chiefcst strcetc in the towiie, called the Hue
(ircile, wlu re we sell our gixids.

There were two ( mses which nioucd the caplainc of Orinus to imprison vs, & afterwards Twn nuif «
til send vs liilhciv The first was, because Michael Stropene luul accused vs of many inatlcrs,"" """""■
which were ii-nst faUe. And the second vv.ts for that M. Drake at bis being at Nfahico, caused oiira^"" '
two jiiei fs of !iis ordinance to be shot at a galliun of the kings of Portugall, as they sav. But
of ilie-c thing- I did not know at Ormus: and in the ship that wc were sent in came the
ciiiefe-i iustite in Ormus, who was called .Vueador general! of that place, he had bcciie there three
veeres, so ihat now his lime w.is expired: which .Xmador is a great friend to tlic ca|)tainc of
Ormus, who, certaiiie dayes after our cominiirg from thence, sent for nice info his chamber,
and there beganne to dematind of me many thing-, to the which I answered: and amongst
ihe rest, he said, that .Master Drake was sent out of F.nghuul v\itli maiiv slii|)s, and came to
Mahicii, and there l.uled clones, and finding a gallioii there of the kings of Portugall,
hec caused two pieces of his greatest ordinance lo be .shot at tlie siunc: ;uid so per-
tciiiing lliaf this did greatly grieuc them, I askeil, if ihey vviiuld be reuengc.l of me for that
which M. Drake had done: To the which he answered, No: altliuugh bis meaning wm to the
cciiitrary.

;?€'> He

»!'■

!■

„!'.*

■■< r

VOYACRS, NAUIGATIONS.

M. John Ntvihtrlt.

k^ 1 1:1

'?. ■ t ■ -I \

Tht lulSor of
ihibgok ufthc
tiiit luditi.

y Tliii ii h«
wh<i» Icitrtiio
hii fjilifr from
OoR ire bt'furff
tiutdownr, inil
nr Wii loinf-
tinuj iif New
ci.lldtit ill Ul-
futJ.

limn Atorit
Ihcir I'dinltr.

Thty irriiinl tt
(«oa tlie 10 uf
Noiirrpber

lie raid moreouer, that the faimr why the cnptninc nfOrmii* did wnd mc for Gnu, wn*. for
that Ihc Virrroy would vndcntland ol nice, what iirwr^ there wan of Don Anloiiio, and whi-ihrr
he were in England, yea nr no, and thul il nii^hl be all for ihc he^t that I waH Mem hither, the
which I iruNt in flod wil ho Tail utit, allhouKh rnntrary to hi* exftertation: for hml it not

Pleaded God to put into the niind!4 of the archbiithonand other two I'ailrc* or IcNuiiN ors.
auirt college to Ntand our friend*, wc nti^^ht haue rotted in prison. The urchbiNhop iw a \cry
good man, who hath two yong men to hi* McruanteH, the one of them wa4 borne at Il.un-
borough, and Ih called Bernnrd Uorgem: and the other was borne at Ijichuynen, wh<mc numc
iit lohn Lin«cot, who did vh great pleasure: for by them the anhbi^hop wan many timci* pm
in mindc of vs. And the two good fathers of S. Paul, who tMiielicd very much for vs, th,.
one of them is railed I'adre Marke, who w.is borne in Hrus;cs in I'landers, and the other v>;j<
borne in Wiltshire in England, and is called || Padre Thomas Sieiiens.

Also I chanced to (inde here a young man, who was borne in Antwerpe, but the most pan
nf his bringing vp hath beene in London, his name is I'rnncix de Hea, and with him it was nu
Imp to be nrcpiainlcd in Aleppo, who also hath done me great pleasure here.

In the prison at Ormus we remained many dayes, also we lay a long lime at i*ea cninmini;
hither, and forthwith at our arriual here were caried to prison, and the next day after wiru
Ncnt for before the Aueador, who is the chiefest iustice, to be examined: and when we wt-ro
examined, he presently scntv* backeagainc to prison.

And ;ifter our being here in prison l.{ dales, lames Storic went into the monasterj . f S
Paul, where he remainetht and is made one of the company, which life he likcth very W' !l.

And vpon S. Thomas day ( which was 92 dayes after our nrriuall here) I came out of pri-nn.
and the next day after came out Halph I'itch, and William Hets.

If these troubles had not chanced, I had beene in possiliiiiiy to haiic made as good a vonis;,.
as cuerany man made with so much mcmcy. Many of our things I haiie sidde very well, j),ii|i
here and at Ormus in prison, notwithstanding the ca|)taine willed me (il I would) to ^cll
what I could before we imbarked: & so with odiccrs I went diners limes out of the laotlc in
the morning, and solde things, and at night returned a<;nine to the prison, and all thin!;<
tliat I solde tliey did write, and at our imbarking from thence, the capl.iin gaiie order that I
should dcliucr all my mony with the goods into the hands of the scriuaiin, or purser of the
ship, which 1 did, and the scriuano made a remembrance, which he leCt there v\ith the cap.
laine, that my selfe and the rest with money & goods he -hould deliiicr into the hands of the
Aueador generall of India : but at our arriuall here, the Aueador would neither meddli- wiii\
goods nor money, for that he could not prone any thing again>t vs : wherefore the goniU re
mained in the ship !> or 10 dales after our arriual. and then, fur thai the ship was tosaile fn.ni
thence, the siriuano sent the goods on shore, and here thev ren nined a day and a niijlii, .ird
no biKly to rcceiue them. In the end thev sufTcrcd this bringer to receiue them, who f.iiu
with me from Ormus, and put ihem into an house whi<h he had hired for me, v\here they re-
mained foiire or tiue dale**. Hut afterward when they should deliuer the inonev, it wa» cin:-
cluded by the iusticc, that both the money an<l giKxU shuuhl be deliuercd into the p<i-itiir>
hands, where they remained fourtecne dayes after mv comniing out of prison. At my heir.;
in Aleppo, I bought a founiaine of silm-r and gilt, sixe kniue-^, sixe spoone-i, and one furkc
trimmed \%ith corall for line and twcntie chekins, which the captaine of Onmis did lake, and
payed for the same iwentiepardaos, which is one huruircd larin«'s, ami was worth there it
here one hundre<I chekins. .Also he had fuie emraud<i set in g<dde, which were wnorih line
hundred or sixe himdred i rownes, and payed for the same an hundred par.Iaos. ANolie hail
nineteene and a halfc pikes of cloth, wiiich cost in London twenty shillings the pike, ami
was worth "J or 10 rrownes the j)ike, and he payed for the same twclue larines a pike. .\N<i
he had two ])ieces of greene Kersies, whicii were worth fuure and iwentie p.irdaos the iiiirc.
and payd for them sixteene |Kirdaos a piece: besides diners other trifles, that the ollicers an.l
others had in the like order, and some for nothing at all. Hut the cause of all this was .Mii li:u I
Siropcne, which came to Ornuis not woorih a penie, and now hath ihiriie or foriie ihousand
trowncs, and he gricucth that any other stranger should trade thither but hinisell'e. Hut tlm

fhall

1/. loUn Ntvibtrle.

At. Ralph Filch.

TRAFF1QUF.S. AND DISCOUERIES.

381

Diu.
ChiuL

ihall not iikill, Tor I iruM in GckI to ^nc both tUifher and hither, and to buy and ne\\ a» Trecly
an he or any other. Here ix very j^rent good to be dont in diuen of our rommoditiei*, nnd in
like manner there w great profile to be made with cumrttoditieii dftliiii countrey, to be rarriecl
to Aleppo.

If were long for me to write, and tedious Tor you l» read of all ihinj^« that haue pawied since
my parting Irom you. Dut of all the it. '''I<"^ that haue ilt^nced linio mine arruial in Or-
inii!», lhi*bringcr is able to cerlifie you. I n ""I to stay litre; wlierrforc if you will write
vnio me, \ou may nend your lelter-i to «omc Inend at Li^bonc, & ffft thence by the nhipn
(hey may ne conurved hither. Let the direction i( your letters be either in portuguise or
Spanish, whereby they may come the better to my handt. From Goa thiii 20 day dI Famiaric.
11)84.

A Letter written from Goa by Master Ralph Fitch to Master Leonard Poore abouesaid.

LOuinji friend Master Poore, &c. Since my departure from Aleppo, I haue not written
vnto you any lellcrs, by reason that at Babylon I wan sickc of the (luxe, and beinji »icke, I
went from thenrc lor JJaUara, which was twelue dayes iourney df)wne the riuerTyuf'S where
we had extreame hot weather, which was good for my disease, ill fare, and worse hxljfin;;,
l)v reason mir boat was pestered with people. In eif;ht dales, thai which I did eate waN very
small, ito that if we had siaycd two dayes longer vpon the water, I tliinkc I had died; but
eomming to Halsara, presenilv I mended, I thankc God. There we stayed 14 dayes, and
then we imbarked our seines lor Ormu/, where wearriued the fifth of September, and were
put in prison the ninti) of the same mnneth, where we continued vntill the 1 1 of October,
nnd then were shipt fur this ciiie of (ioa in the captaines ship, with an 1 14 horses, and about
y()() men: and passing by Diu tt ('haul, where we went on land to water the SJO of Nouem-
ber, we arriucd at (ioa the 'iO of the said moneth, where for our better intertainment we
were presently put into a faire strong prison, where we continue<l vntill the 22 of December.
Il was the will of Ci(Hl that we found there 2 Padres, the one an Knglishman, the other a
Flenunini:- Ihe Knglishmans name is Padr«- Thomas Steuens, the others Padre Marco, of the
orilcr of S. Paul These did sue for vs vnto the Viceroy and other olUcers, and sto(ul vs in an
much sie:i(l, as our lines and gninls were woorth: for il" they had not stuckc to vs, if we had
escaped with our lines, yet wf had jiad long imprisonment.

Altt'r 14 dayes iinpri^onnient they oM'ered vs, if we could jiiit in sureties for ^XX) duckals,
wc shdulil gie abroad in the towne: which when we could not doe, the said Padres found
»iirciics fur vs, that we should not ilepart the countrey without the licence of the Viceroy. It jh, i„ii,„,„„r
doth spile ilie Italians to see vs abroa<l: and many maruell at our deliucry. The painter is in grtai niemni
ilu' cloister of S. Paul, and is of their order, and liketh there very well. While we were in [lli e'.Vi!"'' '"
prison, bolli at Oriuu/ and here, there was a ureal deale of our tfiud* pilfered and lost, and
wv haue becne at i;rej| durges in nill-i and otherwise, so that a f;rcat deale of f>ur goods is
(iiiisunied. There is miuh of our things which wil sell very well, & some we sh;i|| jrct
iiolliiii'j; for. 1 hope in (iod that at the relurne of the Viceroy, ^vhich is gone to (haul and
to Diu, they »av, to wituie a castle of the Moores, whose reiurne is thought \ull be about
i;a*ter, then we shail get our libertie, and our sureties discharged. Then 1 thiiike it will be
our hest way, cither one or both to returne, because our troubles haue bene so great, iV:
so inu< h ol our ;;()ods spoyled and lo«.t. But if it please God that 1 come into Kngland, by
(i(.ds lu'lpc, 1 will returne hither againe. It is a braue and pleasant couiitrev, and serv fruit-
I'lilj. The --uininer is almost all the vcere long, but the chiefesi at ('hristmas.

The (lay aiul the ni:;ht are all of one length, very liile diflereiice, and manieilous j;reat
«tiirf of rniils. For all our great troubles, yet are we fat aiul well liking, for victuals arc
here plentie aiul gixnl cheap**. Aiul here I will passe ouer to certilie you of strange things,
Mitiil our meeting, for it would be too long to write thereof. .\iul thus I commit you to God,
\tiui euer prescrue yuu and vs all. From Gou in the V-aal Indies the 'i5 of lanuarie ir>K4.

Yours to conim.ind, Halph Fitch.

The

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SS'J

Bird.

Ujbvloii.

'11.* (t'*.T

BovlmE pitcli
tciithtUjIU i\su
II. g .»ut ul" the

••nh.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

J»/. Halph Filch.

The voyage of Nf. Ralph Fitch marchant of London by the way of Tripolis in Syria,
to Ormiis, and so to Goa in the East India, to Cambaia, and all the kingdomc of
Zelabtlim Echcbar the prcat Mogor, to the mijihty riucr Ganges, and downc to
Bcngala, to Bacola, and Chondcri, to I'egu, to Iinahay in thi' kinjjdomc oCSiam,
and backe to Pegu, and from thenre to Malacca, Zcilan, Cochin, and all the
coast of the East India: bcgunne in the yeere of our Lord 1583, and ended
1591, >vherin the strange rite.s, maners, and rnstomc.^ of those people, and ilio
exceeding rich trade and commodities of those countries are faithfully set dowiu-
and diligently described, by the aforesaid M. Halph rilch.

IN' the veere of our Lord I.")S.'{, I Ralph Fitch of London marchant being desirous to <oi
the countrevs of the East India, in the company of M. lohn Ncwberic marchant (wliidi I,,,!
beenc at Onnus once before) of Willir.m Lecdes Icvvcllcr, and lames Story I'.iintcr, hci;.^
rhiellv set foorlh by the right worshipful Sir Edward Osborne knight, and M. Kicliard Stapo
citizens ah<l niarchants of London, did shi]» my selfe in a ship of London called the ivyer.
wherein we went for Tripolis in Syria: & from thence we looke the way for Aleppn,
which we went in seuen daves with the Carouan. Hcing in Aleppo, and linding good crini.
panv, we went from thence to Birra, which is two dayes ;uid an halfe irau;iile with C'aincK.

Hirra is a little towne, but \ery pleniil'till of xicluals: and nrere to the wall of ihe t(HMir
runneth the riuer of Euphrates Here we b(>nght a l)oafe and agreed with a master :i:i.!
bargemen, for to go to Babvlci". These boats be but for one voiage; for the strcamc d I'l
runne so last downcwardes that ihev cannot rcturne. Thev carie ycu to a towne wlii( h t\x,
call Eelugia, and there vou sell the boate for a litle money, for that uhich cost you IHi:i ■
Birra you sell there forscuen or eight. Erom Birra to Felugia is si\icene dayes iourno\, :
is not good that one boate goe alone, for if it should < hance to brcake, vou should li.r, ■
much a doe to s.iue your goods from the Arabians, which be aiwaves there abouis rolil.i; ■.:
and in the nighl when vour bo.iies be made fast, it is necessarie that vou keepe good w ;r
For llie Arabians that bee tlieeues, will come swimming and steale vour giKxIs and (Ice .w.i
against \\hich a yunne is verv good, (or they doe fcare it vcrv much. In the riuer ol I ;;•
jjhrale^ from Birra to Felugia there be eerlaine phices where you p:iy cu^tome, so mam NK-
dines for a some or Camel-, lading, and eerlaine r.ivsons :ind sope, which is for the sunm ■< ■ f
Ab. rise, which is Lord of the Arabians and all that great desert, and h:ith some villages \|i ■\
the riuer. Filujia where vou vnlade your goexls which come from Birra is a little \ili.i-c:
from whence \ou ;;oe to Babylon in a dav.

Babylon is a towne not Ncry great but vcrv poptdous, ami of great trathkr of stnin^ r-
for thai it is ilic\\.i\ to I'er-ia, Turkiaand Araiiia: and from liunce doe gi e C.inui.jns li -
these and other places Here are great store of vicHials, \vhi<h conu- from Armenia (Iiumic
the riuer of 'Ivi^ris. Tiiey iire hrouglit \pon raltes ni:ide oT uo.ntes skinnes lilowiic lull if
winde and boriles l.i\<le \p':n l!iini: and lliercupoii ihcv I.kU' llieir go( <ls which are hf i'.:ht
doune lo );,il)\ Ion, wluc l\ heini; di^i harm'd tlx'y open llieir skiiines, :uid carry them I'.uko
by CaiiieU, lo seruc arollur time. B.ilu Ion in times |).i«t did belong to I'le kingihiiu- 1 1
lVr<ia, but noue is snbiei le lo >he Turke. Oner aL;:un»t Habvlon there is a verv liiirc \il-
lagc from wlience you j).isse lo Bab\lon vpon a lonu bridge made of l)o:its, and t\cd |i ;i
great cliainc of yron, wiiii h is made fast on cither side of the riuer. \\ iu-ii any boate- :irc
to pa—e \i)ordowne the riuer, tin y t;ike ;iwav ( eil.'.inc of the boales \nii;l ihev l:e p.isl.

Ihe fower id ri;d)el i-^ buill on ihisside the riuer T\:'i is. lowardes .\i;d)ia lium llie inw: •
about seuen or ei';iit miles, which lower i- ruiiiated on all sides, ;iiul willi ihe fall IJcieol 1 uih
made as it were a litle mnunlaine, so t!ial it h.nlli no sli.ipe al all: it w.is made of hiii kcs driol
in the -oiine, and k riain c:ines ;ind leaiies id' ilie paline irce !a\ ed li; iwivt the biiikc'-. liicir
is no entrance to he seeiie to goe into it. It doth sl:nul vpon a great pLiine belwix' iheriiicr-
ol' Iviipliiates and T \ gris.

By ilie riucr laipliraies two dayes iournev from Ba')\Ion at a [)Iace called .\it, in a litklr
ncere \nio ii, is a strange thing lo sec: a mouth tliai doth tontiiiually throwc foorlh a^ii"-!

the-

■ I %

JM. Ralph Filch.

rripolis in Syria,
the kingdoinc of
s, and downc to
nj;domc of Siain,
rhin, and nil the
IJSJ, and ended
people, and the
thfully set downe

being desirous to ■jcc
nianhant (which ImJ
I Storv I'.iintcr, hciin
and M. Kicliard Stajicr
ndon lalicd tlic Tvm-r.
the way lor Alcp])!',
and finding good (nni-
rauaiie with t'aineU,
the wall "I" ihe lowiir
cd with a ma-itiT :i;iil
■; for till- sircamc d- ili
to a towiie whi( h tlirv
whii h io«t you (ili:c •
tcene d:ives ionrnr\, :
cake, von should li.r,,'
s there al)outs rohliii:;
vou keepe good wui
iir gooils and (lee ;i\va ,
I. In the riuer of i n-
i'u-.tome, so nianv Mi-
lich is for the somiun ^ f
th sonic viila;;es \]i ;i
iirra is a little \iil>i,c:

M. Ralph Fitch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

383

tralTtke of siranu r-
doe gi e Caroiiiii^ ti -
(■ from Armenia iloww
kiiines lilowne fiiil "f
)( (Is whieh are lin I'iM
aiul ( arry iheni Imiko
lo t'le kingdi'inc if
there is a very liiirc \il-
r lioats and t\e.l t> :i
Wiicli any hoati-. arc

\nli:l they he pa>l.
Ai:il)ia from the mwr"
siih tiie fall ilirreof laih
» in.iile of hriikcs di-iitl
wi\t the Iniike-. liicir
)laine i)ct\si\' theiiiui-

called Ait, in a licK'.i'
iv ihrowo fourlli a,.""-'
ilic

the ayre boyling pitch with a filthy smoke: which pitch doth runne abroad into a great fielde
which is alwayes full thereof. The Moores say that it is the mnuth of hell. By reason of
the great quantitie of it, the tnen of that countrey doe pitch their boates two or three inches
thickc on the outside, so that no water doth enter into them. Their boates be called Danec.
When there is great store of water in Tigris you may goc from Babylon to Basora in 8 or 9
dayes: if tiiere be small store it will cost you the more dayes.

Basora in times p.ast was vnder the Arabians, but now is subiectc to the Turkc. But some
of them the Turke rannot subdue, for that they holde certaine Ilandes in the riuer Kuphrates
which the Turkc ca' not winnc of them. They be thecues all and hauc no setled dwelling,
but rcniciie from place to place with their Camels, goates, and horses, wines and children and
all. They haue lar;;e blew gownes, their wiui scares and noses are ringed very full of rings
of co|)p r and sihur, and they weare rings of copper about their legs.

Basora stan<lelh neore the gnlfeof Persia, and is a towne of great trade of spices and drugges
wliich come from Ormus. Also there is great store ofwheate, ryce, and dates growing there-
about, wluTcwitli they scnie Habvlon and all the countrey, Ornuis, and all the partes of India.
I wi-nl fro;n Has ira to Orinus downe the guile of Persia in a certaine shippc made of boordes,
and sowed together with cayro, which is ihrcede made of the huske of Cocoes, and certaine
canes or strawe leaiies sowed v|)on the seanies of the hordes which is the cause that they leakc
vcrv much. .\nd so hauing Persia alwayes on the left hande, and the coast of Arabia on the
right handc we passed many Ilandes, and among others the famous Uandc Baharim from whence
come the best pcarles which be roinid and Orient.

Ormii^ is an Island in circuit about fine and twentic or thirtic miles, and is the driest Island Ormui.
in the world : for there is nothing growing in it but onely .salte; for their water, wood, or vic-
tuals, and all things nccessarv come out of Persia, which is about tweluc miles from thence.
All the Hands thereabout be very fruitful, from whence all kindc of victuals are sent vnto
Onnus. The Portngales haue a castle here which standeth ncerc vnto the sea, wherein there
is a Caplaine for the king of Portugale hauing vnder him a comicnient number of souldiers,
whereof some part remaine in the castle, and some in the towne. In this towne are mar-
chants of all Nations, and inanv .Moores and Gentiles. Here is very great trade of all sortcs
111' spices, drugs, silke, cloth of silke, (inc tapestrie of Persia, great store of pearles which
come from the Isle of liaharim, and are the best pearles of all others, and many horses of
I'er-ia, which serue all India. They haue a .Moore to their king, which is chosen and goucrned
hv ihe i'oriugales. Their women arc vry strangely atlyred, wearing on their noses, cares,
lu'ikes, amies and leggcs many rings set with iewels, and lockes of siluerar;d goldcin their
cares, .md a long barre of golde vp.m the side of their noses. Their cares with the weight
of ilieir iewels I'c worne so wide, that a man may thrust three of his lingers into them. Here
\(TV shortly after <iur arriuall wee were put in |)rison, and had part of our goods taken from
vs l)v the C'aplaine of tiie lastle, whose name w.is Don .Mathias de .Mbucpiercpie; and from
hence the eleuenth of October he shipped vs and sent vs for (ioa vnto the Vicerov, which at
that time was Don rraiuisco de Mascarenhas. The ship|)c wherein we were imbarked for
(ilia helon,;eil to the Capt.iine, and larrie.l one hundred twentie and loure horses in it. .Ml
iMarchandise carried to Cioa in a shi|)pc' wherein are horses pay no custonie in Goa. The horses
pav custoaie, the ^oods pav nothing; but if you come in a ship which bringeth no horse.';,
Miu are then to pa\ cigiit in the hundred for your goods. The lirst citie of India th.it we
arriued at \pon the lift of Nouember, after we had passed the coast of Zindi, is called Diu, du.
which standeth in an Hand in the kinvdome of ("anil)aia, and is the strongest towne ihat the
I'oriuijales haue in these paries. It is but litle, but well stored with marchandise; for here
lliev lade many great sliippes with diiierse commodities for the streits of .Mecca, for Ormus,
and other places, and tlicse be shippes of tlie Moores and ol Christians. But the .NIoores
cannot passe, except tiicv haue a passeport from the Porluc'^Ies. Cambaictta is the cliiele
citie of that |)rouince, which is great and very populous, and fairelv builded for a towne of
the (ientiles: but if there happen aiiv famine, the people will sell their children for very
litile. The last king of Cambaia was Sultan Badti, which was killed at the siege of Diu, and

shortly

(;' i'^

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i ,« tin. ,»*•*> I i

1|, ■■ i,^"*vi.^' !

Siniiu.

Biiaim.

Tani.

Chtul.

■J'li'n *\\ tiiC
10. ut Nourm-
Ixr.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

iW. 7Z<i//>7t Filch.

shortly after his citie was taken by the great Mogor, which is the king of Agra and oi DcHI,
which are fortic daycs iourncy from the country of Cambaiu. Here the women wcaro vpnn
their armes infinite numbers of rings made of Elephants teeth, wherein they take so mucli
delight, that they had rather be without their mcate then without their bracelets. Goinir
from Diu we come to Daman the second townc of the Porfugalcs in the countrcy of Cambaia
whi( h is distant from Diu fortic leagues. Here is no trade but of come and rice. They iiaiu;
manv villages vnder them which they quietly posscsse in time of peace, but in time ( i
warre the encmic is maister of them. From thence we passed by Basaim, and from IJasaim
to Tana, at both which places is small trade but only of come and rice. The tenth of No-
uember we arriucd at Chaul which standeth in the (irme land. There be two townes, the ono
belonging to the I'orlugales, and the other to the Moores. That of the I'ortugiilcs is nccrct
to the sea, and commaundeth the bay, and is walled round about. A little abouc that is ilu-
towiie of the Moored which is gonerned by a Moore king railed Xa-.Maluco. Here i.s I'.rijt
tradike for all sortes of spices and drugges, silke, and cloth of silke, saiulalcs, Elcphniii',
teeth, and much China worke, and much sugar which is m.ndc of the nutle called (i.i'4:ira:
the tree is called the palmer: which is the proiitablest tree in the workle: it doth alwaycs hcarc
fruit, and doth yeeld wine, ov'e, sugar, vineger, cordcs, coles, of the leaucs arc m.iile iliaidi
for the houses, sayles for shippes, mats to sit or lie on: of the branches they make ihur
houses, and broomes to sweepe, of the tree wo(h1 for shippes. The wine docth issue mil ii
the toppe of the tree. They rut a branch of a bowe and binde it hard, and hangc an rartlic i
pot vpiin it, which thcv emptie euerv morning and euery eucninj^, and still if and put in hi.
taine dried raysins, and it becommeth verv strong wine in sh<irt lime. Iliilicr many slii|)|)i-
rome iroin all partes of India, Ormus, and many from Mcrra: hecro be inaiiie Mocrcs aiiil
(icntile-i. They haue :i verv strange order among them, they worship|)e a cowe, and esii-cnii
much of liie cowes doung to paint the walles of their houses. They will kill nothing noi .
much as a louse: for thev holde it a sinne to kill anv thing. They rate no flesh, but liuc l)\
rootes, and rvce, and inilke. And when the husbande dicth his wife is burned wiih Im;'.
if shoe be aliiie: if shee will not, her he.id is shaurn, and then is neiier anv account iiKulf
of her after. They sav if thev should be buried, it were a grc.it sinnr, for of thiir hcilic.
there would come manv wornies and other vermin*', and when their bodies were coiisuinril.
those wormes wouUl lacke sustenance, which were a sinne, therefore llicv will he buriu'd l:i
Cambaia thev will kill nothing, nor haue anv thing killed: in the lowne thev Ikiir- hospiiaUiu
keepc lanio (log< and < ats, and lor birds. 'I'hev will giue meat to the Anis.

CJoa is the most prim ipcl ciiie whii h the I'oriiigals haue in India, wherein the ViicriN
renviinclh with his court It siaiuleth in an Hand, which inav be 'i.j. or .'JO. miles aboiil. Ii
is a line (itie, and fur an liuli.in towne verv faire. 'fhc Hand is \erv lairo, full of oidiaaU
and gardens, and manv palmer trees, and hath some \illages. Here bee manv inar(haiit« il
all nations. ,\nd the I'lecle which connneih euerv \ cere from I'ortugal, whi( h be lomv, (iin-.
or si\c great shippes, coinincth lii-si hither. .\iul Ihev come for the most pari in .Sepienibcr,
and remaine there lorlie or liltie daves ; and then uoe to Cochin, where the\ lade their I'epixT
for I'lirliigall. Ortenlimes thev lade one in (ioa, the rest goe to Cm !iin whii h is I'r. ni tl.i.i
an hundred leagues si.nthward. (Jna slaiulrlh in the (onn(re\ o| Hidalran, who lielh in li'.c
counire\ si\c or scuen (la\ es iiiiirne\ . His ihiele (itie is called Hi-npor. Al oiir ("iniiiii::
\4e were cast into the prison, and ixaiiiincd before the lusti. e and deinaiuUil for leiieiv. an ;
were charjied lo be spies, but th('\ could promie iiolhini; bv \s. We coiiiimied in ])riM n
Mitill the two and twenlie of December, and then we were set at iiberlie, pulling in surcnc-
for two thousand duckals not to depart liie towne ; whic h snrrlies father Steiiens an V,u<^\W.\
Icsiiite which we found there, cS,: aiiollier religi(.us ma a I'riend (^f his pro( ured for vs. Oi:r
sureties name was Andreas 'faborrr, to whom we |)aid 'il,"»((. duekats, iind still he tlemaiii.ilcci
more : wlici'eupon we made sute to the Vicerov aixl lusiice to haue our nunie\ againe, (iin»i-
deiiiii that they had had it in llu'ir hands neere line inonelhs and could prooiie nothing ai.a!ii«l
vs. The Viceroy made vs :i serv shar|)e answere, and sa)il we should be better silicd hi liirt
it were long, and that they had further malter against \s, Whereupon we prcsenilv deiiT-

inir.c.l

M. Ralph Fitch.

M. Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

mined r.ither to spckc our liberties, then to bee in clanger for eiicr to be sialics in the coun-
fr), for it was told vs we should hauc ^ strapado. Whcrupon presently, the fift day of April
I,j85. in the morninj; we rannc from thence. And being set oucr the riuer, we went two
dayes on foote not without fcare, not knowing the wny nor hiuiing any guide, for we durst
fni^t none. One of the first towncs which we came vnio, is called Ikllcrgan, where there Deiiirgjna
is a nrcat market kept of Diamante Ilubics, Stipliircs, and many other soft stor,os. From '"""'•
Ik'llcrgan we went to Bisapor which is a very great tounc where the king docth kecpc iiis '""""■
cdurt. Hee hath many Gentiles in his court and they be great idolaters. And ll:cv hnuc
their idols standing in the Woods, which they call Pagoilcs. Some bee like a Cowc, some
like a Monkie, some like Unfiles, some like jjcacockes, and sonic like the deuill. Here be
very manv elephants which they goe to warre withail. Here they hauc good store of gold
and siluer : their houses are of stone very faire and high. From hence wee went for (nil- aiiiconi:<.
cond.n, the king whereof is called Culnp de l:i»hach. Here and in the kingdomc of Ilidnl-
raii, aiul in the c( iintrcy of the king of Decan bee the Diaiiiants found of the olde water.
It is a vcrv fiire tc^wne, pleasant, with faire houses of bricke and liml'cr, it aboiuulcth with
srcat store of frnites and fresh water. Here the men and the women do go with a cloth bound
about their middles without anv more apparell. We found it here very bote.

The winter beginnelh here about the last of May. In these partes is a porte or hauen called
Masulipatan, which stnndeth eight daves iourney from hence toward the gulfc of Hengala, Masuiiiutan.
whether come many shippes out of India, Pegu, and Siiniatra, very richly laden with Pepper,
spices, and other ccmmodiiics. The coiinlrie is very g'od and rniitliill. From thence I went
to Seriiidore which is a fine counirey, and the king is called, the king of Bread. The houses .-struiJorf.
here bee all thatched and m;ide of lome. Here be inanv Mocres and Gentiles, but tl\cre is
small religion among them. I'rom thence I went to Bellapore, and so to Barrampore, wiiich DdUpott.
is in the country of Zelabdim lUhebar. In this place their money is made of a kind of
siluer rounil and thirke, to the \alue of twentie pence, which is very good siluer. It is mar-
iicilons great and a populous counirey. In their winter which is in Iiine, lulv, and .Vugu>t,
there is no passing in the strcetes but with horses, the waters be so high. The houses are
made of lome and thatched. Here is great store of cotton cloth made, ami painted clothes
nt' cotton wooll : here growelh great .store of corne and Hice. We fouiul mariages great
store both in townes and villages in manv places where wee passed, of boves of eight or ten s„j„,,
\ ceres, and girlcs of liue or six vecres old. Thev both do ride vpo!i one horse very trimly niaiij.c<.
ilc(ke<l, and are caried through the towne with great |)^iiing and plaving, and so relurnc
home and eate of a banket made of Kico and fruits, and there thev datince the ino--t part of
tlie niijht and so make an ende of the marriage. Thev lii' not together vnlill thev be ten
vrcres old. The\ say they marry their cliildK n >.(i voor.g, because it is an order that when
the man dieih, li.e woman inu"-! lie burned uiih him : so that if the father die, yet tlie\ may
hauc a father in lawe to lulpe to firing vp f!ie children wliiih bee maried: and also that they
will not leaue their soiiniN without wines, nor their daughters without husbands. From thence
we \>en\ to Mandowav, wliicii is a very strong towne. It was be-icjied tweliie vecres bv Ze- ,, ,
labdim F.chebar lielore he <dnld \Mnne it. It staiuleth \pon a verv great high rocke as the \tryMrorij
most part of their castle- doe, and was of a \ctv griat cin uite. From hence wee went to '^"°'
Vgiiii and Seninge, \»here wcc oiicrlooke the ainba-sadour of Zelabdim I'du bar with a mar- Vgim.
iieiloiis great company of men, <'lepiian|., and camels. Here is great trarle of cotton and
rliith made of cotton, and great store of drugs. From thence we went to .\gra pas-ing many
riiurs, which by rea-on of the rainc were so swollen, that wee \\aded and swamme often-
times for our lines. ,\gra is a \ery great citie and |)opiilrns, built with stone, hauing faire j^,,, a frtu
and large streetes, with a faire riuer running bv it, which fallclh into the gulfe of Bengala. '^''"•
it hath a faire castle aiul a strong with a \crv fiirt diich Here bee manv Moorcs aid Gen-
tiles, the king is called Zelabdim I'.chcbar: the (irople lor the most part call him The great Tiir£t(atM>
Klog' r. From thence we went for F"atepore, ^^hich is the pi. ice where the king kept his court. ? ■
Ihe towne is greater then .Agra, but thehou-^cs and streele-i be not so faire. Here dwell many
]iefi])le both Moores and Gentiles. The king hath in .Agra and Fateporc as ihcy doc credibly
w>i. 11. .■> J) report

Vi\

ff > '

.1)

i! f.

V L

'>! 'I 'ill

1^1

!i ',

I. '
'■■■"•('''} f

h,^^f!)«

.mA.

^i!

SS6

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ralph Filch.

Tht likfij re-
ported rt thr
titicii^t CUiiu.

MTurJ the k.ing
of Cambau.

rrport 1000. elephants, thiitie thousand horses, 1400. tame Deere, 800. concubines: such
store of Ounces, Tigers, BulHcs, Cocks & Ilaukcs, that is very strange to see. He
kcepeth a great court, which they call Dericcan. Agra and Fatep'ire are two very great ci-
ties, either of them much greater then Loudon and very populous. Bctweene Agra and Fate-
pore arc Vi. iniica, and all the way is a market of victuals & other things, as full as though a
man were still in a towuc, and so many people as if a man were in a market. They haiie
many fine cartes, and many of them earned and gilded with gold, with two whceles which be
drawen with two litlc Buls al)out the bigncsse of nur great dogs in England, and they will
runne with any horse, and carie two or three men in one of these cartes : lliey arc coucred
with silke or \erv fmc cloth, and be v.sed here as our Codies be in Kngl ind. Hither is grc;it
resort of niarchants from Persia and out of India, and very much marchandise of silke ami
cloth, and of precious sKines, both Knbics, Diamants, and I'earles. The king is apparellcil
in a white Cable made like a shirt tied with strings on the one side, and a litle cloth on his
head coloured oftentimes with red or yealow. None come into his house but his eunuclics
which keepe his women. Here in Fatepore we staled all three vntill the 'i8. of Scpiemhcr
l."»8."). and then master lohn Newberie tooke his ioiirnev toward the cilie o( Labor, deter-
mining from thence to goe for Persia and then for Aleppo or Constantinople, whether hoc
could get soonest passage vnto, and directed me to goe for Hcngala and for I'cgu, anil did
proirise me, if it pleased God, to luecte me in IJengala within two yeeres with a shippe out
of England. I left William Leadcs the icweller in seruicc with the king Zelabdiin Eeliei)ar
in Fatepore, who did entertainc him vcrv well, and ganc him an house and fine -lanes, aii
horse, and euerv dav si\e S. S. in money. I went from .Agra to Satai^am in Bengala, in iln<
companie of one hundred and fourescore boafes laden with .Salt, Opium, Hinue, Lead, Car-
pets, and diners other commodities d')wne tiie riiicr lemcna. The chicle manhants are ,^|oore^
Thtsgpfrdi- and Gentiles. In these coinitrics fliey haue many strange ceremonies. The Hianianes \vliiih
auhtlirmintl '^'"'^ ^^^^^ pricsts, comc to tlic watcr and banc a siring about their necks made with great re re-
monies, ;ind lade vp watcr with both their hands, and inrne the string first with both tluir
hands within, and then one arnic after the other out. Tliough it be ncuer so cold, thev \»ill
wash themselucs in cold watcr or in warnu". 'flicse (icmiles will eate no flesh nor kill am
thing. The\ line with riec, butler, niiike, and fruits. fhcy pray in the water naked, ami
(Ircsse their nicat Ot ealc it naked, and for their |)eManec thev lie flat \pon the earth, and ri-c
vp and turne ihemselues about .{(•. or ^^i times, and vse to heauc \ j) their hands to the vuiiiio,
& to ki-^se llie earth, with their armes and legs strelehed along out, :in(l their right leg ahs:u(:s
before the left. I^uery tinie they lie downe, they make a score on the ■jround with their lin-
ger to know when their stint is finished. The liramanes niarke theui--elncs in the foreheaiU,
cares and fhroatcs with a kiiut of \ellow gearc whit li thev grind, 8c euerv morning thev iln
it. And they bane some old men which go in the streete-. with a boxe of yellow pinidcr.
and inarke men on their heads \- necks as they meet them .\pid their wiues do come In
10. '20. iSc :iO. together to the water side singiny;, iV there do wash themselues, i*c then \«t.'
their ceremonies, iK: niarke themselues in their foreheds and faces, and larv some with tlieiii,
and so depart singing, fhcir daui;hters be marieil, at, or before the a^e of 10. vercs, The
men may liane 7. wiues. TTiey lie a Kind of i raftic people, worse then the lewes Wluii
they salute one another, they heaue \ p their bands to their heads, anil say Hame, liame. 1 lo
♦Jitivn ;\gra I came to I'raue, where the riuer leiuena entreth into the mighlie riuer Ganges, and

Iiincna looseth his name tianges commcth out f>f the Northwest, iJs: ruruicth East into the
guile of Hcngala. In those j)aris there are many Tigers and many partriges iSj lurtlc-dones,
and nuuh other foule. Here be many beg^ers in these countries which goe naked, and the
jjcople make great account of them : they call thetn Schesehe. Here I sawe one which was
a monster among the rest. He would haue nothing vpon him, his beard was \erv loiii;, ami
with the haire of his head he coucred his priuities. fhe nailes of some of his fingers were
two ill! lies long, fVir he would cut nothing from him, neither would he speake. He was ac-
coinpmicd with eight or tenne, and fhiy spake for him. When any man spake to him, he
would lay his hand vpon his brest and bowc hiinselfc, but would not speake. Hce would not

speake

'i'-'i

M. Ralph Fitch.

;onrul)incs; hucIi
ge to see. He
wo very };reat ci-
ne Agra and Fatc-
s full as though a
irket. They liaiie
whccles which be
ind, and they will
they arc couered
il. ilither is great
lulisc ot" sili\e and
king is apparelled
1 title cl.ith (111 his
f but his eiiiuirlie-i
^8. ol" Sepiembcr
e ()( Labor, deicr-
ople, whether hec
fur Pegu, and did
s with a shippc mit
Zelabdiin Kcheliar
and (iue -lanes, an
in Ik'iigala, in the
Iliii^c, Lead, Car-
inhanls are M()(irc>
be Jiranianes wliiih
de with great i trc-
irst with boib il'„ir
T so told, lliev \ull
1 liesb nor kill am
; water naked, ami
I the earth, and ri«e
bauds to the suiiiie.
•ir rinlil leg alwaus
und with their lin-
in the forelu'iuU,
morning they iln
t' yellow pouder.
iues do tome h\
hies, Js: then \»e
ome with ilu-iii.
I' 10. yer;-. llie
ihe K'wes Wluii
Haine, Itanie. liO
riuer (jange-, and
nneth La-it into llie
<'s iV turtle-doui's
oe naked, and llie
iwe one which was
was \erv long, ami
of bis iiiigers were
leake. He was ac-
n spake to him, he
e. Hce would not
spcake

M. Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

as:

speake to the king. We went from Prage downe CJangeii), the which is here very broad.
Here i.s great store of fish of sundry sorts, & of wild foiile, as of swanncs, geese, cr.nnes,
and many other things. The countrey is very fniitfull and populous. The men for the inost
part bane their faces shauen, and their heads very long, except some which bee all shaiieii
sane the trowne : and some of them are as though a man should set a dish on their heads,
and shaue them round, all but the crownc. In this riuer of Ganges are many Hands. His
water is very sweete and pleasant, and the countrey adioyning very fruitful!. Prom thence
wee went to Hannaras wliieh is a great townc, and great store of eloth is made there of cotlo^l, Bmmrjs.
and .Shaslies for the Moores. In this place they be all Gentiles, and be the greatest idolaters
that euer I sawe. To this townc come the Gentiles on pilgrimage out of farre countreys. a piigrimige o*
Here alongst the waters side bee very many faire houses, and in all of them, or for the most ''"'*=""'"•
|)art they haue their images standing, which be cuill fauoured, made of stone and wood,
some like lions, leopard.s, and monkeis, some like men & women, and pecock.i, and some
like the deuil with foure amies and 4. hands. They sit crosse legged, some with one thing
In their hands, & some another, & by breake of day and before, there are men & women
which come out of the towne and wa.sh theselues in Ganges. And there are diners old men
which vpon places of earth made for the purjiose, sit jiraying, and they giue the people
three or foure strawcs, which they take & hold them betweene their fingers when they wash
themselues : and some sit to marke them in the foreheads, and they haue in a cloth a litle
Rice, Harlie, or money, which, when they haue washed themseliies, they giue to the old
men which sit there praying, .\fierwaals they go to diners of their images, & giue them
of their sacrifices. And when they giue, the old men say certaine prayers, and tlien is all
holy. And in diners places there slandeth a kind of image which in their language they call
,\da. .\nd thev haue diners great stones earned, whereon they poure water, <.V- throw there-
upon sonic rire, wheale, liarly, and some other things. This Ada bath foure hands with
clawes. .Moreouer, they haue a gr<'at place made of stone like to a well with steppes to goc
downe; wherein llie water standetli very foiile and stinkeih: lor the great quantitie of flowers,
which coiiiiuiially they tlirowe into it, doe make it stiiike. There be alwaves many people
ill it; for they say when lliey wa>.h tlicniselnes in it, that their sinnes be forgiuen them, be-
cause God, as iliey say, did wash himseli'e in that pla< e. Thev gather vp the sand in the
boitome of it, and say it is holy. They neuer pray but in the water, and thev wash iliein-
sclues ouerhead, and lade vp water with both their liandes, and turiie themsehu s al)(iiit,[and then
tlicN driiike.i lille of the water three times, and sogoe to their gods which stand in those houses.
Smne of them will wash a place whi<li is their length, and then will prav vjion the earth with
llicir amies ami legs at length out, and will rise \]) and lie downe, and kisse the ground twen-
lie or thirti;' times, but tliey will not -tine their rii;lii I'oote. .\nd some of them will make their
ecremonie- wiili lil'teeiie or -ixleene pot- lille and great, and ring a lille bel when thev makt
their mixtures teiine or twelue limes: and they make a circle of water round about their pots
and ])rav, and diuer-i sit 1)\ llieiii, and one thai reaclieth them their pots : and they say diners
things oner their jints iii.iny times, and wlieii they haue done, they goe to their god-, and strowc
iheii' sacrilices which ihey tliinke are very holy, and marke many of them which sit bv, in
the loriheads, which they take as a great gift. There come liltie and sometime an hinidred
together, to wash them in this well, and to oiler to these idols.

Thev haue in -onie of these him-es their idoles -lamling, and one sittcth by tiieiii in warmc
weather with a faiine to blowe win(le\])iin liiein. .\nd when lliey see any company coni-
niiu!;, thev ring a litle bell which hangelli b\ tlicin, and many giue them their almes, but es-
pciiallv those which come out ol the counlrev. Many ol'ihcm are blacke and haue clawes of
bra-se with long navies, and some ridev))on |)ea<dcks and other toules which be euill fauoured,
with long liaukes bils, and some like one thing and some another, but none with a good face.
.\iiioiig the rest there is one which they make great account of: lor they say bee giueth them
all things both I'oihIc and ap|)arell, and one siileth alwaves by him with a I'anne to make
wind tnvsaids biin. Here some bee burned lo ashes, soiiie scorched in the lire and throwen
into the water, and dogyc^ and f'.xcs doe preseisiU < ati' th<'in. The wiues here doe biiriie

:i )) '.i ' with

»'T'

)j 1 1

'■

\\''%

388

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

l< l' ' '

M. Ralph Filrh.

4l^:iM||||

■«■• I

\ 'ir'i '

> )

<.*'k .;'"•#*>

!. 1,

r^ I

.■^- (

Wl1(/

ft"

This tying of
new nijntd
fi,lk^ t;.crlhfr ^y
the cltiihci, wi»
vv(il I'V the
Mckuaniia vld
titnr.

Patenaw.

CoU fautid.

with their husbands when they die, if they will not their heads be shaiicn, and neiier any ac-
count is made of them afterward. The people goe ail naked saue a lilie cloth bound about
their middle. Their women haue their necks, amies and eares decked with rings ofslhicr,
copper, tinnc, and with round hoopes made of luorie, adorne<l with amber stones, and with
many ajjal.s, and they are marked with a great spot of red in their foreheads, and a stroke of red
vp to the crowne, and soit runneth three maiicr of waves. In their Winter, which is our May,
iho men wearc quilted gownes of cotton like to our mattraces and quilted caps like to our
great Ciroiers morters, with a. slit to looke out at, and so tied downe beneath their eares. If a
Juan or woman be sicke and like to die, they will lay him before their idols all night, and ih;it
shall hcipe him or make an ende of him. And if he do not mend that nighf, his friends will
come ami sit with him a litle and cry, :uul afterwards will cary him to the waters side and sti
him \])n\\ :i litle raft made ofrccds, and so let him goe downe the riuer. When they be maricti
the man and the woman come to the water side, and there is an olde man which they call a
Bram.ine, that is a |)ricst, a cowe and a c.ilf, or a cowe with calfc. Then tiie man and the wo-
man, lowc and calfe, and the olde man goe into ihc water together, and they giue the oMc
man a while doth of foure yards long, ami a basket crosse bound with diners things in it:
the cloth hee laieth vpon the baikc of the cowe, anil then he laketh the cowe by the cndcul'
the taile, and saicth ccrtaiiie wordes: and she halh a copper or a brassc pot full of water, and
the man doeth hold his hand bv the olde mans hand, and the wines hand by her hush.iiitis,
and all h.me the cowe bv the taile, and thev poure water out of the pot vpon liie cowes lailc,
and it runneth through all their hands, ami they lade vp water with their handes, and tiieu llic
olde man doelh tic liini and her logetlier liv their clothes. Which done, they goe roinul ahonr
the cowe ;md calfe, and tiien thev giue somewhat to the |)oorc which be alwayes there, ami
to the IJrainane or priest liicv giue the cowe and calfe, and afterward goe to diners of ilirjr
idoles and uller nmnev, anil lie downe Hat \ |)on lh<' ground and kissc it diners times, and then
goe tiieir wav. Their ihiefe idole- bee blaike .ind eiiill faiioured, their mouthes monslroii-,
their cares gilded, and full of ieweis, their teeth and eyes of gold, silner, and glasse, sonu-
hailing one thing in their handes, and some another. You may not come into the houses wiirri'
thev stand, with your shoor^ on. They haue continually' Iampe> biirniiig before tlicni,
From Hannaras I went to I'ateiiaw downe the riuer of (iangcs: where in the way we |),isM'(i
manv faire towiies, and a counlrey ^ery I'ruitfiill: and many \ery great riiiers iloe enter iiiin
Gangen, and some of them as gre.it as (iangc-i, which iai;se (ianges to bee of a great bre.iillli,
ami so broad that in the lime of mine \ou cannot see from one side to the other. These In-
dians when they bee si urched and throwen into the water, Uie men swiinme with their fat cs
downewards, the women with tiieir faces vpwards, I thought thev lied something to them to
caii-^e them to doe >o : bui thev sav no. There be very manv tilieiics in this countrey, wliii li
be like to the Arabians: for thev haue no certainc ;iboiie, but are soiii,"time in one |)lai'e anil
sometime in another. Here the women bee so decked with sillier and copper, tiiat it is stranue
to see, thev use no'^hooes l)V reason of the rings of silner and topper, \\U\ li thev weare on tlulr
toes. Here at I'aianaw the', linde golil in this miner. Thev iligge dcejie pits in the earth, aiul ^^.l^ll
the earth in iircat holies, and therein tlie\ linde ilie gold, and they make the [)its round about wiili
bricke, that the earth fall not in. I'aleiiaw is a verv long and a gre:it timne. In times p.•^^t it
was a kingdom, hut now it is vnder /el.il)diin I^ilieb.ir, the great .Mogor. The men are l.iil
and slemlcr, and haue manv old folk- among them: the hoii-.es are sim])Ie, made of e.irt!i
and coucrcd wiih sirawe, the sirectes are vcrv large. In this towne there is a trade of colioii,
& doth of cotton, much sugar, which thev cary from hem e to liengala ji;;l India, very mui li
Opium anil other commodities. He that i> ihiefe here vnder the king is called Tip|)erda^, and
is of great account among the [jcople. Here in Tatenaii I saw a dissembling prophet whitli
sate vpon an horse in the market jilace, and made as though he slept, and many of the people
tame and touched his feete with their hands, and then kissed their hands. They looke him
for a great man, but sure he was a lasie lubber. I left him there sleeping. r!r' , -Miple uf
these countries be much giuen lo such prating and dis»<;mbling hyj)ocrilcs.

IV' m

M. Ralph Fitch.

, anil neucr any ac-
cloth bound ahniit
rith rings ofsiliuT,
icT stones, and with
and a stroke or red
', which is our May,
(cd caps like to our
ith thtir cares. Ha
s all night, and that
gilt, his friends will
wafers side and si't
hen tiicy be marled
n which they mil a
lie man and llie wo-
1 they giuc the olile
diners things in it:
rowe by the endc .if
lilt I'lill of water, and
id by her husbiuuU,
,|)on the cowcs taile,
handes, and then the
liev goc round about
; aivvaves tiiere, ami
oe to diners of their
iiiers times, and ihcii
• niouthes nuuistriiii-,
r, and glasse, soiiu'
nio the houses where
iriiiug lid'ore tlieni,
1 the way we |).is>e(l
riuers doe cuter into
e of a great bre.idlli,
tlier These lii-
ic with their laies
imcthing to them t(i
is lonulri'v, wliii li
e in one place and
ler, that it is strange
thev weare on tlieir
M the earth, aiuUsasli
pits round about \silli
ne. Ill limes jia-t ii
The men are I.iH
pie, made of e.irlh
IS a trade of cotlon,
id India, very muili
;illcd Tipperda-, and
iliiig propiiet whuii
many of tlic people
■i. They lookc him
msr. T'.i-i.' , -iople ol

M. Ralph fHtch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

389

From Patanaw I went to Tanda wliicli is in the land of Goiircn. It hath in times past bene Ttnda inCeu-
a kingdom, but nov is subdued by Zelabdim Echcbar. Great trade and trafliipic is here of ""•
rolton, and of cloth of cotton. The people goe naked with a litle cloth bound about their waste.
It standcth in the eountrcy of Bcngala. Here be many Tigers, wild Hufs, and great store of
wiide foule: they are verv great idolaters. Tanda standeth from the riuerCiangcs a league, be-
cause in times past the riuer (lowing ouer the bankes, in time of rainc did drownc the countrey
and manv villages, and so they <lo remaine. And the old way which thi; riuer (ianges was
woont to run, remaineth drie, wiiich is the orrasion that the citic doeth stand so farrc from
the water. From Agra downe the riuer leinena, and downe the riuer Ganges, 1 was hue
inoiicihs comming lo Hengala, but it may be sailed in much shorter time.

I went from Hengala info the countrey of Cniiche, which lieth 'i5. dayes iourny Northwards c„utiif xUt
from Tanda. T'lie king is a Oeniilc, his name ii Siickel (^ouuse: his countrey is great, and '""ittii to be
lieth not far from ("auehiii China: for they say thev haue pejiper from thence. The port Hj'by'^.'mV'''"'"
is called C'archenate. .\!l the idiinirie is set with Hambos or Canes made sharpc at both the -i^oi's'h'P'"-
eiide-. & driiien into the earth, and they can let in the water iS,: drowuc the ground ahoue
kitee (lecpe, so that mi; nor horses can passe. They |)oison all the waters if any wars be.
Here thev haiic miicii silke & niuske, and cloth made of cotton. The people liaue cares
whitli be niarueihnis great of a span long, v\lii( h they draw out in length by denises when
thev be yong. Here they be all (Jeniiles, and they will kil nothing. They haue hosjiitals pu^ oe„.
for .-heepe, goates, dogs, rats, birds, & for all other lining creatures. When they be old <''i"n'.
& lame, tli.'v kecpe them vntil they die. If a man catch or buy any qiiickc thing in other
places t'v: bring it thiiiicr, thev wil giue him monv for it or other vietuaU, iV; keepe it in their
hospitals (ir let it go. Tlu'v wil giue meat to the .\nls-. Their smal monv is almonds which i,, Mf»i.o thty
(iflcniimes thev vse to eat. From theme I returned to Hiigeli, which is the place where the *" j''"'""'' '"'
I'orlu !als keep in the country of Hengala which standeth in 'i,'{. degrees of Northerly lati- iv'm S™^
tilde, and standeth a league fiom Siunaii : tliev cal it I'orlo I'iiiueno. We went throuuli the ",''"''?"'''"
wildernes, hccaiise tne right wav was lull o! t icue-'. wlure we [lassed the countrev ol don- Hujdy.
reii, where we found but lew vill.iges, but almost all wildcnes, & saw maiiv bull'es, swine
iii deere, 'jrasse longer then a ma, and verv nianv Tigers. Not far from Porto Picpieno south-
ve-lward, standeth an h;iiicn which is called .Xniieli, in the countrey of Ori\a. It was a pono Anjtii.
kingdom of it seife, \- the king was a gre;it iVienl to strangers. .Afterwards it wa< taken bv
llie king of I'at.ui whii li \\as their neighbour, but he did not eniov it long, i)ut was taken bv
Zei.ibdim l'!i hehar, whi< h is king of Agia, Delli, \- Cambaia. ()ri.\a standcth (i (laics iour-
nev I'roni S.itagan, soiitliwcstuird. In tliis |)!.ii'e is verv iiiurli Hice, and cloth made of cot-
Ion, iV i;real store of cloili which is made of gr.issc, which tliev call ^'crua, it is like a silke. Ti" 'ike ci'i'i
Thev make good c loih of it w!;i(ii tlioy send for India iV' diuers other pi. ices. To this hauen iT/icmp ™ti« '
1 r .\ngeli eouie cuery veeic manv ships out of India, Negajiatan, Sinnatrn, Malacca, and "' ^'"S"""-
liners other place-; ; iV lai'.e from iheiice great store of Kiee, iV much cloth of cotton wooll,
luueh sugar, I'v: long pepper, great store of luittcr i"v other viciunls Rt India. Satai^am is a s«agim.
(aire rilic for a cilie of the .\Ioores, and verv ple:itifiill of all things. Here in Betigala thev
liaiie eucrv day in one [ilue or other a great market which they c:ill Cliandcaii, and thev haue
nvM\\ great boats whii h I'lev ( al peril (hc, wherewithall thev go from place to place .i;kI buv
Kice and manv other things: these boatcs h.iue 'il. or 2(). oares to rowc them, thev be
;;re:il ol I urthen, but haue no coiiertiire. llcic the {leiililes haue the water of (Jauges in
i;reat csiinialion, for hailing good water necre them, vet ihev will fetch the water of (ianges
a gre.l wa\ oil', :ind if iliey haue not sunieieut to ilrluke, they will sprinkle a litle on them,
and then thev thinke themseliics well. From Salagain I tiaiielled bv the countrev of the
king of Tipp.ini or porto (Jia'ule. with whom the Mogores or Mogen hniie almost continiuall Tipp4r:\or
warres. The Mog<-ii wliiih i)c of the kingdom of Kecon and Hame, be stronger then the i""" '""•""''•
king of Tippara, <ii that Chatigan or porto (Iraiide is oftentimes vndcrihe king of Hecou. iiit!.intct.i

There is a country t. dales ioui-iny from Couihe or (iuieheii before mentioned, which is -i'-' N""ti"ii
r.Tl'ed Hotianlcr and the i itio I5< lti;i, the king is called Dennain ; the jieople whereof arc verv Miuiums of
tall and slnuii;, and there arc marthants which come out of China, & ihcv say out of Mus- '•''"•'' ^'"'■

-m

coma litic.

• JiiJ 'Wx^

1 ■' '. '\.

!(!.'!. ''iV:lU Si

■In '' I, "f"

f'jf|wj|/« 1 If

39i)

ThfW ifcinr to
br ihc maun-
fiin. of lm.iutt
Lallrd h> (lie
pevjilc Cnnw.\

thr lattJlir

Cowr ta.Iei u

BicaU.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ralph Fiuh.

berreporr.

Sinnfrgan

I IiUiiJ.

Nejiail.
Cotmin.

l.adjcn vsrd lo
■uoyd the il-iii-
gcr ui Willi

bCASli.

DwrlUii^ in
Uaii.

rouia or Tartaric. Ami they come to buy miiskc, cainhal.i, a$;al<), silke, pepper and Nun'roi)
like the sadron of Persia. The countrcy is very s^at, ',\. moiielh.s ioiimey. There are very
high iHoiintaiii.t in this countrey, iV one nl' iheni so sleep th.u when a man is (i. daiis
ioiirney oil' it, he may sec it perfectly. Vpoii the-*e njountains an people which haiie cares
of a spannc long : if their eares be not \m\)1, tiicy c;ill them ;ipcs. I'hey say that when they be
\pon the mountaines, they see ships in the .Sea ^ayling to ami fro; but lliey know not ironi
uliencc they come, nor whether they go. There are inarc.haiits which come out of the llast,
they say, from vnder the sunne, whicli is from China, which haue no beards, and they suy
(here it is somethins; warme. Uiil those which come from the other side of the mouniain's
which is from the North, say there it is very (old. These Norliicrn merchants arc apparellcj
with WDo'kn cloth and hats, white hosen close, and bootcs which be of Nfoscouia or Tariarie.
Tiicy report that in their conntrey they haue very fjood horses, but they be litle : some men hauc
foure, line, nr sixe hundred horses and kiue: they line with milke and lleshc. They cia ihc
tailes of their kine, and sell them very <ieere, for they bee in j;reat request, and much esteem-
ed in those partes. The haire of them is a yard long, the rumpc is aboue a spannc long: they
vsc to hang ihcm for braucric vpon the heades of their Klephanis: they bee much vscd m
I'cgu and China : they buie and sell by scores vpon the ground. The people be very swifi
on foote. 5

Yum Chatigan in Bengala, I came to Uacola; the king whereof is a Gentile, a man very
well disposed and delighieth much to shoot in a gun. Mis countrcy is \ery great and frtii-
fiil, and hath store of Hice, much cotton dotii, and cl ih of silkc. The houses be very Cure
and high huildcd, the strcefes large, the people naked, except a litle cloth about their wa.io
The women we.ire great store of siluer hoojies about their lut kcs and amies, and their lt';;i
are riii-ed with silurr and copper, and rings made of eli ])hani-. iccili.

rroMi li.icola I went to Serrcpore which standelh vpon the riuer of Ganges, the kins' i,
called Choiidery. 'f hey be all hereabout rdwls auauist ilu'ir kinu Zelalidim Kchebar: ti r
here are so many riuers \; Hands, that liicy (lee from our to another, whereby his liorsennii
cannot prcuaile against tliein. Great store oC cotton cloth is made here.

Siniiergan is a towne sixc leagues from Serrcpore, where there is the best and finest < hjih
made of cotton that is in all India. The chicle king of all these louniries is called l^ai.m,
and he is chiele of all the oiler kings, and is a gnat friend lo ail Christians. The licnisr^
here, as thev be in the most part of India, are \ery litle, and coiiered >sil!i slrawe, and ii.nic
a I'ewe mats round about the wals, and ihi- do re to kcepe out the Tylers and the Fo\cs,
Many of the pei>plc .irc \er\ riili. Mere llie\ will calc no llcsh, nor kill no beast ; ihev liiic
of I{i( e, milke, and (ruils. They ;;oe with .1 litle cloth before llieni, and all the rest ol tiuir
bodies is nuked, (ireat store of Coitiii cloili ti'.cth Ironi hence, aiul nnich Kice, wlureuiili
they serue all India, Ceilon, IVgu, .Malai ca, Sinujlra. and many other places.

I went I'rom .ScrrepcTc the 'iH. o! Noucinlier l.)S(>. for I'egii in a small shij) or foist i|
one Albert Carauallos, and so pa-siny dowiie CJanges, and passing by the Isl.uxl ol .Sim-
diua, portu Grande, or the counirie of Tipjjera, the kingdom of Kecon and Mogen, Icniiiiii:
them on our left side with a I'aire wind at Norlliwest: our course was South and bv I{:i.i,
which brought \s to the barre of Negrais in Tcgu: if any (ontrarv wind had come, wr
had throwen many of our tilings oucr-boord : for we were so pestered with j)e<i|)!c iV
goods, that there was scinl pl.M c to lie in. From IJennala lo I'egu is IK), leauues. We
entrcd the bane of Negrais, whi( li is a braue barre iV hath 4. ladomes water where u
hath least. Three dayes alter we ( ame lo Cosniin, which is a very pretie lowne, ami siand-
elh \ery ])leasanlly, very well furnished with all things. The people be verv tall iV: will
disposed; the women white, round laced, with little eies : the houses are hij;h built, sit
vpon great high |)ostes, ^: they eo vp to them with long ladders for feare of theT\-ers
which be very many. The countrcy is very fruiirul ui all things. Here arc verv great I'ms
Orcnges, Cocoes, and other fruits. The land i- very hi-h that we fall withall, but after wc
be entred the barre, it is very lowe and full of riuers, for they goe all too and fro in hi .iits
which they call paroes, and keepe their houses vuth wife and children in them.

Frnn

M. Ralph Filch.

M Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

391

bc>t ;tnd fiiu-.'-t ildih

From the barrc of Ni^rnis to the cilie of I'cgu is ten dayes ioiirnpy by the riuers. Wee
went tVimi Cosinin to I'enii in I'arors or boatcs, and passinj; vp the riiiers wee came to Me- m,j„,|.
don, whirh is a prety townc, where there be a woiiderfull number of Faroes, for fhev kcepc
their h<ni>ies and their market-; in them all vpon the Witter. They rowc too and fro, and haiie
:il! their marchandi/.cs in liieir boafcs with a >rreat Sombrero or shadow oner their heads (o
kcf pe the simne from ihcm, which is as broad as a >;reat carl wheelc made of the leaiies of
the C'.iro trees and li^j trees, and is \ery li.uht.

From Mi'don we went to Dela, which is a very faire tnwne, and hatii a fairc port into the Dri...
*ca, from wlience j;o manv ships to Nfalacca, Mecca, and many other places, llere are 18.
,ir 'iO. verv j;rcat and loii); houses, where thcv l.inn- and kee|> many elephants of the kinns:
lor thereabout in the wildernesse they eatch the wiKle e!e|)hants. It is a very friiitfull coim-
irev. Fmm Dela we went to Cirion, wln( h is .1 ..ood iciwne, and hath a faire j)orlc into the Cirion.
wa, whither come many ships Irnin Mecca, Malacca, Sumatra, and frnn diners other i)laces.
And there the ships staic and discliarye, iV send \p their jjoods in Faroes to Pet;ii. From
Cirion we went to .Nfacao, which is a |)rclie tnwiie, where w,; I'-lt onr boats or Faroes, & in Mjciu.
the mornii)'' takini; Delinueties, which arc a kind of Cochcs niatle of cords tS: cloth quilled,''"^'"'"';'''""
t^' ( aned vp(m a stan^; betweene .j. <ir V. men : we i ;iine to I'eiju the same day. Pej^u is a vtiu.
a ritie verv i>reaf, stnin,', and very faire, with wallos nf stone, and <jreat ditches round about
it. There are two townes, the old towne and flu- nevve. Fn the •;lde towne are all the mar-
chants straiiijers, and verv many marcha' is o( the coiintrcy. All the poods are sold in the'
olde towne which is verv irreat, and hath man sulmrbes round about it, and all the houses
are made of Canes which ihev call Hambos add bee couered with strawe. In your house
vou h.uie a Wareliouse which thi'v call CJoilon, wh'ch is made of bricke to put your j;oods in,
lor oftentimes ihi v take (ire anil bunie in an honre foure or flue hundred houses; so that if
the (iodon were not, you should bee in danper to haue all burned, ifanv winde should rise,
at a trice. In the newe tnw'ic is the king, and ail Iiis Nobiliiieand (Jenfrie. It is a cilie very
"rraf and popidous. and is made square and with \vr\ faire walles, and a jjreat ditch round
ahdut it full of water, with m uiy crocodiles in it: if hath twenty pates, and thev bee made
(.r stone, for eiury s<|i!are tiue uales. There arc also many Turrets forCentincIs to \vafch,
itinde of wood, .uid jjiivled with polde very faire The streets are the fairest that eucr I saw,
as straight as a line from one gate to the other, and so broad that tenne or twelue men ma\
rule a Iront thorow them. On both siiles of them at eucrv ina^is doore is set n palmer tree
which is the nut tree: which make a very faire shew and a verv commodious shadow, so that
a man ni.y waike in the shade all da\ . 'fhe In u.ses be made of wood, and couered with tiles.
The kings house is in the mid<l!e i f the city, and is walled ai;ddit( hed round about: and the
huildiniis within are made lA' wooil very suinplunuslv gilded, and great workmanship is vpon
t!u' Ion front, which is likewise very costK gihled. And the house wherein his Pagode or
iihle stnndeth is couered wit!i tiles of siluer, and all the wallcs are iiilded uithgolde. With-
in the hrsi gate (d' the ki;igs house is a great largi- roome, (>n both sides whereof arc houses
ni;i(le liT the kings elephants, whii h be niatu'ilous great and faire, and are brought vp to
w.irres ami in sendee of the king. And anniig the rest lie hath foure white ( lephaiifs, which r,.,ic»iiit« tir-
.ire\<rv str.uige and rare: for there is mine other king whi( h hath them but he: if any other'"''""'
kiiur hath i ne, i-.ee w ill .send vnto him for it. W hen anv of these white elejjhants is broiight
\iilo tlie king, ail the merchants in the city are commanded to see them, ..ml to giue him a
nrcseiit of halle a ducat, which doth come to a great siunnie: for that there are many nier-
chaius in the cilv. After that yon haue giuen your present vou mav come and sec them at
your pleasure, although they staiul in the kings house. This king in his title is called the
kin:: of the white elephants. If any other king haue one, and will not send it him, he will Thrkm^oi t:.f
m.ike warre vith him for it : for he had rather lose a great part of his kingdome, then not to "•"'"'•'i''^"'"
ciin(|iiere him. 'fhey do very great seruice vnto these white ele|)haMls ; euerv one of them
staiiictl\ in an 111 use gilded with golde, and they doc fecde in vessels of .siluer and gilt.
One of idem when he d( th go to the riuer to be washed, as euerv day thcv do, goeth vnder a
canopy of cloth of golde or of silke carried ouer him by sixe or eight men, and eight or ten men

goc

(I \

'O' ^^

392

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

V I,

I .

i 'i.i

,*!•'!

:«:.,'! It;; ,1,1

)»/. 7?(i/p;i Fi7cft.

goc before liiin plnylng on drumtiicx, Nhawmos, or other inttriinionis; and when he is washid
and commeih out of the riucr, there i» a pjcullemaii whic h iloih wash his feet in a -iliier hasin ;
which is his office giiien him by the kin>.',- Tin re is no«.uih iicionni made of any l)lackcc|p.
phant, be he neuerso preat. Anil -nrt'iy there be WdontUMTu'l l.iire and ureat, and some he
nine cubitcs in hcij^ht. And they do report liiat ilie kinp; hath ;d)inie (iiie thousand elephants
of warre, besides many other which be n<'t tau^'iit to (i^ht. Tiiis kinj; hath a very large ]Amt
whereui he taketh the wililc elephant-. It -.lundeth about a mile In m Tenu, buiided with a
faire court within, and is in a j;reat greiie < r wood; am) liwre be many huntsmen, whicli jr„
into the wildernesse with she elej)lianis: for without the she they are not to be taken, And
they be tauj;ht for that purpose; and cuery hunter hath due orsixeol them : and they -ay that
they anuoint the she elephants with a certaine (iintment, whch when the wild elephant drih
smell, he will not leane her. When they h.iuc brought the wilde elephant neere vnto ilif
place, they send word vnto the towne, and many horsemen and footmen come out and cnu«c
the she elephant to enter into a strait way wl.ii h doclh fro to the palace, and the she and ho
do runne in: for it is like a wood: and when thev be in, the >;atedolh shut. Afterward thev
get out the I'emale: and when the male seeih that he is left alone, he wecpeth and crieih, imil
runneth a;;ainst the walles, which be made of so slron;; trees, that .some of them doc hrc'ke
tluir teeth with running ai;ainst them. Then they pricke him with -hnrpc <nnes, & caiivc
him to go into a strait hou^e, and there they put a rope about his middle and ab. i I h's ((•(.(,
and let him stand there three or foure dayes without eating or diinking; and ihco ihry lirin^
a female to him, with meat and driuke, and within lew dayes he becotnmeth tarie. IhechiiMt-
force of the kin}^ is in these elephants. And when they go into the warres tliey sei a franu- il
wood vpon their hackes, bound with great conies, wherein sit foure or sixe men, which (ii;l,i
with gnniics, bowcs and arrowes, j|«rts and other weajions. And thev say that iheir skinir,
arc so thicke that a pellet of an harquebush will scar-e pe.irce them, except it be in some ici.-
der place. Their weapons be very badde. Thev haiu- gunne-i, but shoot very badlv in iIk m,
darts and swords short without points. The king keepeliia very great stale; when hesiiicili
abroad as he <lnth cuery dav twise, all his noblemen wliii h (hey call Shemines -it on ech >u!i'.
a good di>tance of!" and a great gnaid wiiiiont them. The Court yard is very gre.it. 11. u,*
man will '•peake with tlu- king, he is to kiieeledowne, to heaut '» his hands to his liead, :m\
to put his head to the ground three limes, wlien he entreth, in liie middle w;n, and wlici
he ccmnieth necre to the king: and then liesiiteth (h>wne and talkelliwith the king; il' ilr
king like well of him, lie >itl( th neere him within three or foure paces: if he thinke not Kiil
of him, he siiteiii liirllicr ill'. When he goeth to warre, he goeth very strung. At mv iicini;
Odmiit.riii there he went to t)dia in the rountrev of Siani with three hundred thousand men, and tu.c
thousand elephants. Thirty thou«and men were his guard. These people do cate roots, hcij),,
leaiies, dogs, cat*, r.its, serpents, and snake- ; they nfii-e ahiiosi nothing. When the kiii;
rideih abroad, he rideth with a great g\i.ir(l,and m.iiiy iinblemen, oftentimes vpon an ele|)!';iii
with a fnie la-tle vpon him \crv fairelv gilded with gold; andsdmetimes vpon a great I'raiiu'
like an horsliter, whii h hath a litile house vpon it coiiered oner head, but open on the >.iilc..
which is all gilded with golde, i*^ set with many ruhiis \- s.iphires, whereol he hath inliniie
Ti;. minfrof Store ill his country, and is caried vpon sixteene or eighteene mens shoulders. This cnacii
""'IT'" """'. '" thvir language is called Serridii \'erv ureat feasting and triunwihing is many times hcfiiro
in ivtu, and en ihc kuig l)olh ol inen and womcii. This king liaih liitle force by sea, because he hath imi
vers few ships. He hath houses full of golde .iiid siluer, and bringeth in often, but -pciuhili
very little, and hath the mines of rubies and saphires, and spineiles. Neere vnt > the p.d:i(f
of the king, there is a treasure woonderfull riih ; the which because it is so neere, he ddili
not account of it : and it standeth open for all men to see in a great walled court with two imIcs
which be alwaycs open. There are foure houses gilded very richlv, and coiiered with leacli-;
in cuery one of them arc I'agfidos i r Images of huge stature and great value. In the lirsi :.
the j)icture of a king in golde with a crowiie of golde on his head full of gieat rubies and s.i-
phires, and about him there stand foure children of golde. In the second house is the piriiiic
i'f a man in sihicr woonderfull great, as high as an house; his foot is as lonj; as a nuin, and he

riouda.

M. Ralph Fitch.

when hr is washed
et in a ".iliier l):\sin :
of any \)lac-kf clc-
U,Tcat, and sniiic l)e
(hniisaiul clcphaiiti
\\ a vrry large pincp
'"II, huililcd \\ilh a
iinlsnu-n, which jio
to be taken. And
n : aiul they >ay thai
? wihl elephant dull
hant neerc vnio ilif
come (Hit and cau-c
and the nhc and he
nit. Afterward they
rpeth and iTirih, ;iiul
of ihcm iloc hreke
irpe lanfs. & rau-e
; and abv i I h* li'ci,
and thci shey iirin.;
iftli taiic. 'Iheihiilc
cri tlicv Hci a frame 111
.i\e men, wliieh li^lii
sav that iheir skiiu-n
e|)l it be in <*()mp ici.-
)l very badly in tlifin.
itaie : when he "iltcili
mines "-it on cch »idi',
U \crv pre.it. If aiiv
lands ti> his head, :ii:il
iddlc wa>. and wlici
with the kiin;: if llr
if he thinke not wtil
strcin<;. At my i)eiiii;
ou'>anil men, ami luit
e d(i eate roots, herb*,
iiig. When the kuii;
nies vpon an e'i'i)!'.;>iii
es vpon a great frame
lilt open on the -iih-*,
reol he hath iiiliniit
houlders. Thi'* ro.ifli
is many time-' hrlorc
be<aii>e he hath hiil
II often, but ^pendrlli
Ntere vnt > the palace
t is so neerc, he doili
1 court with two Slates
id coiiercd with leade;
value. In the liisi :»
f fjieat rubies and '.i-
nd house is the piduie
long as a man, and lie

M. Ralph Fitch.

TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

.193

istnadcsiltinR, with a crowne on his head very rich withHtoncs. Fn the third hoiinc Ih ihe

picture of a man greater then the other, made of brasse, with a rich crownc on hiN head. In

the fourth and last Itniisc doth stand another, made of brasse, greater then the other, with a

crowne also on his head very rich with stones. In another court not farrc from this stand fourc

other Pagodes or idolcs, maruelloiis great, of copper, made in the same place where they Ao

stand ; for they be so great that they be not to be remoucd : they stand in fourc houses gilded

very fairc, and are themseiues gilded all ouersaue their heads, and they shew like a i)lacke

Morian. Their ex|ienccs in gihiing of their images arc wonderful!. The king hath one wife

and aboue three hundred concubines, by which Ihcy say he hath fourescorc or fourescore and

ten children. lie sitteth in iudgemcnt almost eiiery tlay. They vsc no speech, but giiie vp

their supplications written in the Icaues of a tree with the point of an yron bigger then a bod- Vxftmf iiu

kin. These leaucs arc an ellc long, and about two inches broad ; they are also double, n^, '"«• "f • "«

which giiieth ill his supplication, doth stand in a place a little distance otT with a present. If

his matter be liked of, the king acccpteth of his present, and grantcth hi.s request: if his

sute be not liked of, he relurneth with his present; for the king will not take it.

In India there are few commodities which serue for Pegu, except Opium of Cambaia, i)aint-
ed doih of .S. Thome, or of Masiilipatan, and white cloth of Uengala, which is spent there
in great <|uantity. They bring thither also much cotton, yarnc red coloured with a root which Antitciifmio-
they call Saia, which will neuer lose his colour : it is very wel soldo here, and very much of cX7iaii! '""
it lomineth verely to Pegu. IJy your money von lose much. The ships which come from
Uengala, S Thome, and Ma>^ulipatan, come to the bar of Nigrais and to ('osmin. To MarM>
uan a port of the sea in the kingdome of Pegu come many ships from Malacca laden with
Sandall, Porcelanc^, and other wares id' China, and with Cimphora of Borneo, and Pepper
from Acheii in Sumatra. To t'irion a port of Pegu come ships from Mecca with woollen cloth, w'o«iicn dmh
Scarlets, Veliiet«, Opium, and such like. There are in Pcsju eight IJrokers, whom they call "".j""!"'
Tareghe, which are bound to sell your r.oods at the price which thev be woorth, and you glue
them for their lalmur two in the hundred : and they be bound to make vour debt gocul, be-
cause von sell your marchandises vpon their word. If the Hroker pay you not at his day, vou
may take him home, and keepe him in your house: which is a great shame for him And if
he jiav you not presently, \ou may take his wife and children and his sialics, and bindc them
at voiirdoore, and set them in thcSunne; for that is the law of the countrev. Their current Thtmunfyof
money in these parts is a kinde of brasse which they call Ciansa, wherewith you may buy golde, ''''""
mIuit, rubies, inuske, and all other thini;s. The golde and siluer is marchandisc, and is worth
vimieliines more, and sometimes lesse, as other wares be. This bra/.en money doeth goe by
.1 weight which thev call a bi/.i; and commonly this bi/.a after our account is worth about halfe '^' """all
a crowne or somewhat lesse. 'I'he marchandisc which be in Pegu, arc golde, iiiliier, rubies, i"gli.'" "" °
■•apliires, sjiinelles, niiiskc, bcniamin or frankincense, long prpper, linnc, leade, copj)er,
lacca whereof thev make hard waxe, rice, and wine made id' rice, and some sugar. The
elephants doe eate the sii^.ir i anes, or els they would make very much. And thev consume
many canes likewise in making of their \arellaes or Idole Temi)les, which are in great num-
her both great and small. They lie made rouiul like a su;>,ar loafe, some arc as hii^h as a
Cliiirch, very broad beneath, some a quarter id' a mile in compassc : within thev be all earth
done alioiii wiili stone. 'I'hey consume in these X'arcllaes great quantity of golile; for that
tlie\ he all gilded aloft: and many <d' th«n from the top to the bottoine : and euery ten or
tweliie yeercs they must be new gilded, because the raine consumcth oil' the g<dde : for they
stand open abroad. If they did not consume their gtilde in these vanities, it wouKl be very
pleiiiifiill and good cheape in Pegu. About two daves iourney from Pegu there is a Varclle
or I'agode, which is the pilgrimage of the Pegues : it is called Dogonnc, and is of a woon-
derriill bignessp, ;ind all gilded from the foot to thetoppe. And there is an house by it where-
in the I'allipoies which are their priests doc pre.M-h. 'fhis iioiise is line and fifty paces in Tht Tjihi'iiipj
length, and hath three pawnes or walks in it, and iorly great pillars gilded, which stand be- 1V5U.
iweciie the walks ; and it is oj)en on all sides with a number of small pillars, which be like-
wise fjiltled : it is gilded with golde within and without. There are houses very faire round
about liir the pilgrims to lie in: ;iii(l mam goodly houses for the fallipoics to preach in. ^vllich
vol.. II. A li arc

't'hc f.'rme rii
thfir Tfrnrles
or Vjr*llic5.

i.Vi •'!

aV (t

;iPTv,»!

.» '

:|h

»l ;

^■h'

'* }

1 s

>rKi

li '

3*H

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS.

M. Ralph Filch.

The npfircll of
thiii f iicili.

Ohitnmion of

lamatirv fiuc &

KtirnfV Nt'llh"
r<*i*.ir t from

nre full of imageN both of men nnd womrn, which air nil gilded nuer with goldc. It in the
raircKt place a« 1 suppojie, that in in ihr world : it Ntandolh very hinK and there are I'oiire w;iye»
to it, which all along arc set with trce^ oC rrtiit^, in rikIi wixc that a man may fioe in the ithii<le
abnuc two mile* in lenf^th. And when their I'eaxt day i*. a man ran hardiv pasHeby water or hy
lan«l for the jjreat prewc of people ; for they come rn)m :iil places of the kiii>(«lonie of |'r;.|f
thither at their feast. In Pegu they hatie m:niy T.illipoic'* or priestn, which preach auainsi ill
abuse*. Many men resort v nto thcni. \\ hen they enter into their kiack, that in to «av, their holy
place «)r temple, at the doorc there i" a j;icat iarre of »\aicr with a < ocke or a ladle in it, ami
there they wash their feet : and then the/ enter in, and lilt vp their hands to their IhmiI^,
firnt to their preacher.andthento the Sunne, and sositdowne. The Tallipoiesuo very straiiui-ly
apparelled with one cambalinc or thinnc cloth next to their body of a lirowiie colour, aimilicr
of yellow doubled niaiiv liniCH vpon their shonlder: and ihono two be girded to them wiili .i
broad girdle : and tliey (lauc a nknuie of leather hanuinR on a string about their nerkM, where-
upon thev sit, bare headed & bare footed; for iidnc of them wearetli sIkics; with their riyht
amies bare and a j^reat broad wimbrero or shadow in tiieir liaiuls to defend ilicin in the Sum-
mer froni the Sunne, and in the Winter from the raine. When the fallipoies or priests ijikc
their Orders, (irst thev go to schoole vnlill they l)e twenty veres olde <ir more, and then iluv
conic before a Tallipoieapponited fur that purpose, wlioni thev call Uowli: lie is of the rliul-
est or most learned, and he opprweth them, and afterward e\amincili tlicin many times, w'.^:
ther they will ieaiic their friends, and the company of all women, and take vpon them the
habit of a Tailipoie. If any be content, then he rideth vpon an hor«e about the streets very
richly apparelled, with dnnnmes and pipes, to shew tliat he leaueth the riches of the world
to be a Tailipoie. In few daves after, he is caried v|)oii a thine; like an Imrsliier, whieh
they call aserion, vpon ten or tweliie mens shoulders in theapparell ol a 'lallipoie, with |ii|i(<
and drummes, and many Talli|mies with him, and al his friends, and so thev i;!) with him Vi
his house which standeth without the to\»ne, and there they leaue him. Iviiery one of them
hath his house, which is very little, sf r \pon six or eight posts, and they no v|> t > them wnh
a ladder of tweiue or foureteene staues. Their houses be for the most p^irt by the hie w.ives
side, and amoni; the trees*, and in the woods. .And they fjo with a great pot made of w.uil
or fine earth, and rouered, tieil with a broad ginlle vpon their shoulder, which comefh viidcr
their arme, wherewith they go to bci.;'? their victuals whicli they i-ate, which is riee, li»li,
and herbs. Thev demand nothing but come to the doore, and tlie people presently duo i;iiii'
them, some one thing, and some another: ami they put all together in tlieir p itle: for tiir^
say they must eatc of their almes, and iherewith content fheniselues. 'fliey keepe their re,M«
by the Moone: and when it is new Mnone thev keepe their greatest fe.ist : and then llie|ie—
pie send rice and other things to that kiack or church of wliieh they be; and there all ilic
Tallipniea doe meete which be of that Church, and eate the victuals which are sent them.
When the Tallipoics do preach, many of the jicople cary them gifts into the pulpit wherr
they sit and preach. And there is one whii h siticlh bv them to fake that which the peo|il.
bring It is diiiided among them. They haue none other ceremonies nor seriiicc that I < oiild
see, but onelv preaching.

I went from Pegu to lamahey, which is in the countrev of the I,angeianiies, whom we mil
langomcs ; it is fine and twenty dayes iournev Northeast from Pegu. In whi( h ioiirnev 1
passed many fruitfull and pleasant countrcys. The countrev is verv lowe, and hath in:ni\
fairc riucrn. The houses arc verv bad, maile of canes, and coucrcii with straw. Ilecre are
man) wildc buflfes and cle|)hants. lamahcv is a verv faireand great towiie, with faire Iioim-
of stone, well peopled, the streets arc very large, the men very well set and strong, wiiti .i
cloth about them, bare headed and barefooted: for in all these countrev s they weare nn
shoocs. The women be much fairer then those of Pegu. Ileere in all these countrcys ihe\
haue no wheat. They make some cakes of rice. Hither to lamahev come many inarchmts
out of China, and brnig great store of niuske, goldc, tiiluer, and many other things of China
worke. Here is great store id" victuals: tliev haue such plenty that thev will not inilkc the
bullies, as they doc in all other jilaccs Here is great store of copper and beniamin. In these

countrev >

M. Ralph Fitch.

M. Halph Filch.

TnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Sttb

couiurcy* when ihe people bo xickc they make a vow eo olTi-r meal viUo llicdiucll, if tliey
rurapc: and whrii thry luf rei'oueretl they make a biinkct with many pi|>eM U (Irummeii and
nther iniirumcnts nnil <!»»>• n^ all the iiiKhl, and their frieiidi come and bring n\(u, cnros,
llffliCi*, arrrcupN, and othn- niiH, and with Kfcnt dauncin^ and rcioycing they oiler to the
iliiicll, and Kiiy, thry utm ii c diuci tu eat, and dritic him out. When they be dancing and
pliiyin)( they will cry & hallow very loud ; and in thitt Hort they nay they driuo him away. And
when they be Hiike a Tnilipoy or two euery ni^ht doth »it by them tk iting, to pleartc the diucll
thni he xhduld not hurt them. And if any die he it caricd vpon a (iTcU frame nuide like a
iDWi-r, with a (diicrin .; nil gilded with K<>lil^' made of caneit curicd with I'uurcteene or itixiei-ne
men, with drninnicN and |iipe!t and other iiisiriimenlx plnyinf; before him to a place out of the
towne and there in burned, lie is nccompaiiird with all hiit frieiKU and ueighboiir-i, all men:
and (hoy Kiue to the lallipoicN or prie»ls many malt nnJ cloth: and tiicn they relume 'n the
hiiiisc and there make a feait for two dayex : and then the wife with all the neixhbinir* wiuet
& her friends k" to the place where he was burned, and there they sit a certaine time and
(TV nnd leather the piece* of bones which be left vnburned and bury them, and then relurne
to their liouses an.l make an end of all mnurnin;;. And the men and women which be neere
of kin do shaue their heads, which they do not vitc except it be fur the death of a friend: for
tliev much esleemc of their haire.

C'aplan is the |>lace where they linde the rubies, laphires, nnd spinellcs : it vtandelh sixe
dayes iournev from Ana in the kiii({domc of I'ej;u. There are many jjreat hinh hille.s out of
which they di){i;e them. None may ro to the pin but onely ihiwe which di);f;e them.

In Pef(u, and in all the counlreysof Aua, I.anj^eiaiines, Siam, and the HramaM, the men weare
btinches or lilllc round li.iileN in their priuy menil>ers: xome of them weare two and some
three. Tliry cut the skin and so put them in, one into one ttide and another into the other
side; which ihcy do when thev be 'ij or '.iO yeeres olde, and at their pleasure they take one
or more of tlicm out as they thinkc )((»kI, When they be mnried the husband is for euery
child which his wife hath, to put in one vnlill he come to three and then no more: for ihey
s;iv the women doe desire them. They were inuenicd becaune they should not abuse the
male sexe. Kor in limes past all those countries were so giuen to that \illany, that they were
vcrv scirseol people. It was also ordained that the women should not haue past (liree cubits
III' cloth in their nether clothes, which thev binde about them ; which are so htraii, th:it when
ihev jjo in the oircets, they shew one side of the U'j( bare aboue the knee. The bunches
:ir()rcsayd he of diners sorts: the least be as bi^ as a litlc walnut, and verv round: the
t;rratest are as big as a liile hcnnes ej;i;e : unnc are of brasxe and dome of sillier; but those
of siluer be for the kin;; and his noble men. These are gilded and made with great cun-
ning, and rinu; like :t liilc bi'll. There are some made of Icade, which they call Selwy be-
r.ins.' ihey ring but liile: and liu-se l>e of lesser price for the poorer sort. The king some-
limes takelh his out, and giuelh them to his noblemen .is a i;reat gift : and because he hath
vseil ihem, thev <'stcenie ilicm greatly, 'fhev will put one in, and hcale vp the |)lace in
seiif n or eiglii iIun es.

The I'ranias which lie of the kings counlrev ( for liie king is a Ilrama) haue llieir legs or
bellies, or some part <it llu'ir body, as thev tiiiiike good ilieniselues, inaJe bla<k will) certaine
tliin:;> which they luiiie : lluv vse to pricke the skinne, and to put on il a kinilc of anile or
hiac king, whici) doll) continue alwaves And this is counted an honour among tliein : hut
none ina\ haue if but the Dramas which are of the kings kinrid.

These people weare no beard« . ihev pull out tiie haire on their faces with little pinsons
made for that purpose. Some of them will let iti or 20 liaires grow together, some in one
place of his face and some in another, and pnlleih out all the rest: lor he carielh his pinson«
alwaves with him to pull the liaires out as»oone as tliev appeare. If they sec a man with a
l)e;n(l lliey wonder at him. Thev lianc llieir leelli hl.uked liolli men and women, for they
say a dogi-e hath his Icelh white, therefore thev will blackc ihiir-i.

The l'egue> if they liane a sole in the law wnit li i^ - 1 (li'iibiriill ihal ttiey cannot well deter-
mine it, put two long canes into the w.iier where il i vei\ decpc ' and both the parties go

i; e 'i into

Tlipjr hurnf
tlu'ir dcij*

CrfitUii II ihr
yUtt vthrrr
th« rtibiriunrf
»thrr )>r«ciuu<i
■tnttrl iir«
found.

Anthony ()jlu4«

no Wlilrlll of
dlcle bill.

Tlif propit of
1'it.n wfjte uo
bcaijii

'u'\

■' i'

, f . I.

>^^"V

Malacca.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Ralph Fitch.

Thr wiVSgc to

F.)|;1h hundred
thousjnJ Liusa-
d<<«s 111 liKicnm'
j'luvcd ycrrlv
bv tlic- i'.iitu-
£ih 111 Lhii.d.

Thf wiiimg
.flt,f|-u,lc
•f f'r.ini tit,

l.alan.
DiJin.ililii.

Itmbi.

OuMr

Bitca.

Hf retiinifth

into the water by the poles, and there sit men to iiulse, and they both do dine vndcr the
water, and he which rcniaineth longest vnder the wafer doth winne tlic siitc.

The 10 of lanuarv I went from IVgu to Malacca, passing by many of tlie ports of Pegu,
asMartauan, the Hand of Taui, Trom whence conuneth great store of tinnc which seriicth all
India, the Hands of Tanaseri, lunsal.ioii, and many others ; and so came to Malacca the S of
Fcbrnary, where the IVirtngals hano a castle which standeth nerc the sea. And the ((luiitrcv
fast without the towne belongeth lo the Malayos, which is a kindc of proud people, i'licv
go naked with a cloth about ilicir middle, and a lille roll of cloth about their heads. IIiiIut
come many shijjs from China \' from the Malucos, Banda. Timor, and from many other liainis
of the lauas, which briim great sli're of spices and drugs, and diamants and other iewels. Iho
voyages into many of these Hands belong xnto the captaiue of Malacca: so that none inav
goe thither without his licence: which yeeld him great smnmes of money cuery yeere. The
i'ortugais heere haue often times wari-es with the king of A( hem which slandeth in the lint^il
of Sumatra : from wlieiice comnieth great store of ])eppcr and oilier spices euery yeerc to
Pegu and Mecca within the Hed sea, and other places.

When ihe Portugals go from Macao in China to lapan, they carry much while silke, gnMc,
miiske, and porcelanes : and they bring from thence nothing butsiluer. I'hey haue a i;r(;it
earacke which goeih thither euerv yere, and s!ie bringelh from thence euerv yereaboue >i.\c
hundred thousand crus.idoes: and ail this .>i!uer of lapan, and two hundred th(>u.sand cru»a-
does more in sihier which thev bring \ecrely out of India, they imploy to their great .iihiaii-
tage in China : and tiiey bring from tlicn( e golde, mu>.ke, silke, eop|)er, p(>r( clanes, and ni.iiiv
other things very costly and gilded. When the Portugals ccme to Canton in Ciiina to irallikc.
they must reniaine there but certaine dayes: and when they ((nne in at the gale ol liie ciiv.
thev must enter their names in a booke, and when they goe out at ni^ht lliey nuist \i\t\ out
their names. Thev ni;iv not lie in the towne .ill night, but musi lie in llicir b. .its witiuiui
the towne. And their daves being expired, if any man rem;iiiie ther;-, lliey are cuill \»cJ
:ind imprisoned. The Chinians arc very siis|)itiiius, and doe not trust ^Iruigcrs. it is tlioii^lii
that the king doth not know that any strangers come into his counliev. And further it n
iredibiv reported that the common people see their kirg \erv seldome or not at all, nor in.i\
not looke vp to that place where he sitlctli. And when he ridelh abroad he is < aried vpoii .;
great chaire or serrion gildeil \crv l.iire, wherein there is made a little house with a l:ili»c t i
looke out at: so that he mav see them, but they may not looke vp at him : and ail the tmu-
that he passeth by them, the\ lieaue \p their hands to their heads, iV lav their l)e:uls on t!u'
ground, and looke not vp vnlill he be passed. fiie order of China is when thev mouriir,
that lliev w'care white thread -hoes, and JKits of >iraw. The nian doth moiirne for Ins wile tmi
yeeres, the wife for her hiisl\-nid three \ ceres; i!)e sonne for his father a vecre, and for lirs
mother two ycres. And all the time which thev mourne they kecpe the dead in the h(iu*e,
the bowels being taken out and lilied with chownam or lime, and coilincd : and when ihf
time is expired thev carry them out pl.iying and piping, and luirne them. And when tlicv
returne thev pull oil' their mourning weeiU, :ui(l niarrv .ii their pleasure. A man mav kei pc
as many concubines as he will, but one \%ife onelv. .Ml the Chineans, l,i[)onians, and Cam hiti
Chineans do write right downwards, am. they do write with a line pensiil made of dogs nr
cats haire.

I.aban is an Hand among the lauas from \Nheiue come the diamants of the New water. .\iul
they lirule them in the riuers : for the king will not sutler them to dig-.^e the roc ke.

lamba is an Hand among the lauas also, from whence come iliamanls. And the king liiitii
a masse of earth which is golde ; it groweih in the middle of a riucr : and when the king
doth lac ke gold, they cut part of the earth and melt it, whereof coinmelh golde. This m.is>e
of e:irth dotli appcare but once in a yere ; which is when the water is low : and this is in tlie
nioneth of April.

Biina is another H.ind among the lauas, where the wonien trauell and labour as our men do
in Knglaii'i. and the men kee|)e house aiul go where tlun' will.

Tiie 2'.l of March IribiS, I returned from .Malacca to Slartauan, and so to Pegu, where 1

rcntaiiied

M. Rdlpli Fitch.

th do tUuc viulcr flic
sutc.

nf the ports of Pcijti.
line whicli serueth ;ill
le to Malarra the S »il
■a. And tlie cmiiilrcv
jiroud people. Tlicv
il their heads, lliihri-
roMi many otlier li:in(is
and other iewels. llio
•ca : so tliat none inav
iicv eiiery yeerc. Tlie
(i standelh in the ll.ii.il
spices euery yeere lo

ueli white silko, jinlili-,
!r. They h.iiie a iin ;ii
encrv yere aboue ;.ixc
indred th(>usand eriivi-
IV to their i;real achiaii-
•, p(>rc'elanes, and nmiiv
ton in Cniiia to Irallikc,
at the j;:ite ol llic cilv,
I'^lit the\ must jint oui
' in their 1)' .its withmii
•re, ihev are enill \~i\l
tranjriT-;. It is thcuu'ii
lev. And tnriher ii i-
e or not at all, nor iii.i\
id he is caried \piiii .;
e iwnise with a l;ni»e i i
him : and all the tiim-
lav their heads on tlu'
is when tiiey nioiinio,
nonrne for Ins wile in-
r a veere, and lir lii-
tlie dead in the Iimiim-,
otVined : and wlu n tlu-
lem. Anil when tli(\
re. A man mav keipc
.iponians, and CaiK liiii
nsill made of dojjs or

if the New water. Ami
;e the rot ke.
<. And the kini; li:iili
; and when the km;;
[•ill ^otde. This nias-e
low : and this is in the

1 lalidur as our men do

d so to I'cgii, where I
remained

.1/. Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

397

remained the second tiinc vntill the 17 of September, and then I went to Cosmin, and there
tookeshippinj; ; and pa.<(sin<; many danjjers by reason of contrary windes, it plca.scd God that
we arritied in Hen^jala in N,)nember following; : where 1 stayed for want of passn<;c vntill the B(iie>1<.
third of February 15H9, and then I shipped my selfe for Cochin. In which voyage we en-
dured great extremity for lacke of fresh wafer: for the weather was extreme hote, and we
were many marchants and passenjjers, and ive had very many calmes, and hole weather. Yet
It pleased (JcmI that we arriued in Ceylon the sixth of March, where we stayed fine dayes to Crybn.
water, and to furnish our selues with other iieces.sary prouision. This Ceylon is a braue Hand,
very fruitl'iill iV faire; but by reason of continiiall warres with the kinji thereof, all things are
verv deare : for he will not sutler any thinj; to be brouf^ht to the castle where the I*ortu,i;als
be: wherefore often times thev liaiie great want of victuals. Their prouision of victuals
commeth out of IJengala euery yere. The king is called Haia, and is of great force: for he
eommeth to Columbo, which is the pi ice where the Portugals haue their fort, with an hundred
thousand men, and many elephants. But they be naked people all of them ; yet manv of
them be ^ood with their pieces which be muskets. When the king talketh with any man, he
Ktandeth \pon one legie, and setteth the other foot vpon his knee with his sword in his hand:
it is not their order for the king to sit but to stand. His appareil is a line painted cloth made
of cotton wdoll ab(nit his middle: his hairc is long and bound vp with a little fine cloth about
his head: all the rest of his body is naked. His guard area thou.sand men, which stand round
about him, and he in the middle; and when he marcheth, manv of them goe before him, and
the rest come after h.im. They are of the race of the Chingalayes, which they say arc the
best kinde of all the Malabars. Their eares are very large ; for the greater they are, the more
hoii<)ur:d)le thev are accounted. Some of them are a spanne long. The wood which they
burne is (iiiamoin wood, and it smelleth very sweet. There is great store of rubies, saphircs,
:iiid spiiu'lics in this Hand: the liest kinde of all be here ; but the king will not suffer the
inhidiit.Uiis to diggc lor them, lest his eiieinie« should know of them, and make warres against
him, and >o driue him out of his counlrev for them. They haue no horses in all the coun-
irey. The elephants be not so great as those of Pegu, which be monstrous huge : but they
sav all other elephants do feare them, and none dare fight with them, though they be very
small, 'flieir women haue a doth bound about them from their middle to their knee : and
all the rest is bare. All of them be blacke and but little, both men and women. Their Bbdir ptorif.
houses are very little, maile of the branches of the palmer or coco-tree, and couercd with
the leaues of the same tree.

The eleuenth of March we sa. ?d from Cevlon and so doubled the cape of Comori. Not C'v' Jr cvnn«i.
I'.ir from tliciue, bciwcene Cevlon and the maiiic land of Ncgapatan, they fish for pearles.
And there is lished eucrv \ ere very much; which doth serue all India, Cambaia, and Ben-
i;,i!a. it is not so orient as the pearleof Ibh:irlni in the gulfe of Persia. Prom rape de Comori
we passed by ('(>ulam, which is a I'ort of the Portugals: from whence commeth great store of ''<'"'■""■
])cp|ier, which commeth for Portugall : for oftentimes there ladeth one of the caracks of I'or-
tiigall. 'fhus passing the coast we arriued in Cochin the U2 of March, where we found the Cochin.
weather warme, but scarsiiv ofviituals: for here groweth neither come nor rice: and the
gre:ilest |)art comnuili from Bcngala. Thev haue here very bad water, for the riuer is farre
oil'. This bad water causeth many (d' the people to be like lepers, and manv of tliem haue ■'"i''' ""''
their legs swollen as bigge as a man in the waste, & many of them are scant able to go. fhese Muiu' "nr'ui*
|)C(iple here be Mal:d)ars, and of the race <d' the Naires of Calicut : and thev dillir much ''>■'''''• "">B''"-
from the other Malabars. These haue their lieails \ery full of haire, and bound vp with a
string: and there doth appe:ire .i bush without the band wherewith it is bound. The men
he tall and strong, and good archers with a long bow and a long arrow, which is their best
weapon: vet there be some cahuers among them, but thev handle them badly.

lleere groweth the pepper ; and it springeth vp by a tree or a pole, and is like our iuv i!.'» perptt
herry, but something longer like the wheat care : and at the first the bunches are greene, f'"""'^
and ;is they waxe ripe thev cut them off and dry them. The leafe is much lesser then the iuv
1 cafe and thinner. All the inhabitants here haue very little houses couered with the leaues of

the

'•%Wif

*r,i'm.

1 'I

il'j

S98

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

i»/. Rali>h Fitcl,.

Ormi]».

the coco-trces. The men he of a reasonable stature; the vromen little; all blacke, with ;i
cloth bound about their middle hanging downe to their hammcs ; all the rest of their bociir,
he naked : they hauc horrible great cares with many rings set with pearles and stonrs in
them. The king gocth incached, as they do all ; he doth not reinaine in a place aboiic line
or sixe dayes : he hath many houses, but they be but litle: his guard is but small; he rc-
moouetli from one house to another according to their order. All the pepper of Calicut ami
course cinamom growclh here in this countrey. The best cinamom doth come from Cexlon,
and is pilled from line voong trees. Here arc very many palmer or coco trees, which is ilu'ir
chiefe food: for it is their meat and drinke: and yceldeth many other necessary things, as |
hauc declared before.
lOi rjiicm.or The Naires which be viidor the king of || Samorin, which be Malabars, hauc alwavc< w.ir>
Caiiinct. ^^.|||^ |],^ Portugals. The kiig hath alwa\es peace with them ; but his people goc lo the sci

to robbc iV stcalc. Their chiefe capiaiiic is called Cogi Alii ; he hath three castles viuler liim
When tlie I'orliigals roniplaine to the king, he savlli he doth not .send ihcm out: blithe
ronsenlclh that they go. They range all the coast from Ceylon to Goa, and go bv foiirc rr
fine p:iro\vcs or boats together; and hane in euery one of fhcin (ifiv or threescore men, nml
hoord i>rescntly. They do nuich harme on that coast, and take euerv ycre manv f<ii>.is ami
brals of the Porlugals. Main of thest- jieople be Nfoorcs. This kings countrev beuiniicih
fweliic leagues from Cochin, and reacheih necrc viifo (in.i. I rcmnincd in Coc hin vntill tLr
second of NoiicmluT, which was eight nioneths ; for that lliere was no passage that went a\\;r,
in ail that lime: if I had come two dayes sooner I had found a passage |)rcsenllv. I'mn'i
Cochin 1 went to Goa, where I remained three daves. From Cochin to (ina is an hiuulrii!
leagues, i'roin (Joa I went to ("haul, which is threescore leagues, where I remained ihrct- ;u!il
twenty disyes : aiul there m.iking my prcniision of things necessary lor the shippe, from ilum,
1 departed toOrmiis ; where I slaved for a passage to Halsara lilty da\es. I'rom Goa foOinn..
is foure hundred leagues.

Here 1 llinught go'd, before 1 make an end of this mv booke, to declare some things wlmi!
India and the coiuitrcv farther I'^istward do bring forth.

The pepper growith in ir.anv part-* of Itulia, especirtlly about Corliin ; and mu<h'ifi:
doclli grn\> in the fields anintiL; the l>u-.hes without anv labour; an<l wlicn it is ripe tlu'v ■
and gather it. The shrubbe is like vnio our iuy tree: :nul if it did no! run about some iri(
oi p.ile, it would (all downe and rot. When they lirst gather it, it is greene; and iluii il,('\
la\ it in the Sui;, atid it bcioniniclh blacke.

The ginger grouetli like \nlo our garlike, and the root is the ginger: il is to Ix; found m
manv parts of India.

The tloues doe come fnmi the lies of the .Vfoluccoes, which be diners Hands: their tree i^
like to our bay tree.

The nutmegs aiul marcs grow tojether, and come from the lie of Banda: the tree i» li^c
lo our walnut tree, but soaiewhat lesser.

The ^\liito san<li>l is wood \cry sweet \- in great request among tlu- Indians; fcir ilir\
grindc it witli a litle water, and anoynt tlieir bodies therewith: it romnieih from the Me ( f
rinu)r.

Caniphori is a prc( ions thing anuing the Indiiuis, and is solde dearer then "<'li!('. I
ihinke none of it commclh lor Christendome. rh;it which is compounded commeili livm
('iiin;i; but thai which groweth in canes and is the best, conuneth irom the great Me of
IJorneo.

l.igiiuni .Moes commelh from Cauchiiuhina.

The bpni;imm commeth out of the countrevs of Siam and langomes.

Tlie long pipper groweth in Hi-u -ala, in Pegu, and in the Hands of the lauas.

The inu-ke commeth out id' Tariarie, and is made after this order, hv report of the in:ii-
(hants which brinj; it to Pegu to sell; In 'fartarie there is a litile beast like viito a yon.; r: c,
which they take in snares, and beat him todcath with the blood: alter that they cut out the hones,

and

Thp[vp[>fr Irrr.

Oirrrr.

C!i)UP!,

L.rrfliora.

Long pt'pjier.
.\!iilkc.

Mum

M. Ralph Filch.

lula: the tree i« like

M. Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

399

aiu! beat the flesh with the blood very small, and fill the skin with it: and hereof commeth
the miiske.

Of the amber they holde diucrs opinions; but most men say it commeth out of the sea, and
that they finde it vpon the shores side.

The rubies, snphifes, and spinellcs are found in Pegu.

The diamants are found in diuers places, as in Bisnagar, in Agra, in Delli, and in the
Ilantls of the laiias.

The best pearlc-t come from the Hand of Baharim in the Persian sea, the woorser from the
Piscaria nccrc the Isle of Ceylon, and from Ay nam a great Hand on the Southcrmost coast of
China.

.Spodiinn and manv other kindes of drugs come from Cambaia.

Nnw til rt'lurnp to my vo\age; from Ormus I went to Balsara or Basora, and from Basora
lo Hibvlon: and we passed the most part of the way by the strength of men by hailing the
boat v|) ihf riucr with a long cord. From Babylon I came by land to Mosul, which standeth
nere to Niniiic, which is all ruinated and deslroyeil: it standeth fast by the riuer of Tigris.
From .Mosul I went to Nferdin, which is in the countrey of the Armenians; but now there
dwell in tli.Tt place a people which thev call Cordies, or Curdi. From Merdin I went to
Orfa, whit li is a very faire towne, and it hath a goodly fouiitainc full of fish; where the
Moorcs hold many great ceremonies and opinions concerning Abraham: for they say he did
once dwell there. From tluMW c I went to Bir, & so jjassed the riucr of Euphrates. From
Bir I went to .\!e|>j)o, wiiere I stavetl ccrtaine moneths for company; and then 1 went to
Tripolis; where (iiiding Knglish shipping, I came witii a prosperous voyage to London, where
b)- Ciuds assist.n\re 1 safely arriued the lil) of April l.'i'JI, hauing bene eight yeercs out of my
natiiie countrey.

The rejxirt of I.)hn Ilnighen van Linschoten conrerniiig ^^. Xewbcries and M.
Filches iiuprisoiunent, and of their escape, which happened while he was in
(joa.

IN the moneth of December, Anno IM3, there arriued in the fownc and Hand of Ormus
foiire Ijiglisli men, which came from Ale|)po in the countrev f)f Syria, hauing sailed out of
I'li'^hinJ. & passed thorow the straights of Gibraltar to Tripoli a towne and hauen lying on
the coa*! of .Svri.i, where all the ships ''ischarge their ware;! & marchandises, & from thence
.irc dried by land Mito Aleppo, whici. is nine daves iournev. In Aleppo there are resident
iliticr^ niarchaiUs tV factours of all nations, as Italians, Frencli men, English men, Arn)e-
Mi:m-i, Turks and Moores, euery man hauing his religion apart, paying tribute vnfo the
i;reat Turke. In that towne there is great trafliciuc, for that from thence euery yecre twise,
there iraucl! two {'all'vls, that is, cimipanies of people and camcN, which trauell vnfo India,
Persia, ,\rabia, and ail the cnuntreys bordering on the same, and deale in all sorts of mar-
(liandise. both to and from those countrcys, as I in another place haiie already declared.
Three of the s:iyd English men aforesavd, were sent bv the company of English men that
arc resilient in Alejipo, lo see if in Ormus thev might keepe aiiv factours, and so tradique
in that place, like as also the Italians do, that is to sav, the Venetians which in Ormus, Goa,
and .Malacca haiie their factours, and traftiquc there, aswell for stones and pcarles, as for
other wares and spices of those countreves, which from thence are caricd ouer land into
Venice. One of these English men had bei-.e once before in the sayd towne of Ormus, and
there had taken good information of the trade, and v|)on his adiiisc and aduertisoment, the
(ilher were as then come thither with him, bringing great store of m-ircliandises ^sith them,
as Clothes, SatVron, all kindes of drinking glasses, and Haberdashers wares, as looking glasses,
kniiics, and such like stud'e: and to conclude, brought with them all kindc of small
wares that may be deuised. And although those wares amounted vnto great summcs of
money, notwithstanding it was but onely a shadow or colour, thereby to giue no occasion
to he mistrusted, or seen into : for that their principall intent was to buv great quantities
of precious stones, as Diamants, I'rarlcs, Rubies, &c. to the which end they brought with

them

Amber.

Rubies, sap]iire5
3rid spinels.
Didmants.

Spodium.
Dast>ra.
Bab)'Ion.
Mosul.

Mcrtlin.

Otft.

Bir.

Aleppo.

'I'lipulia.

(iibii NcwS rr
liad heciie iik
Onmis before.
Aiuio. 1581.

u;.

i %
I'il'j''- 111

ri'4
' f If -'

! If'

i 1 :.» i.

i Ml- i: .
:1 ■.':,'*^i:4lii|

400

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. Ralph Filch.

them a great summc of money and golcle, and that very secretly, not to be deceined or
robbed thereof, or to runnc into any danger for the same. They being thus arriued in
Ormus, hired a shoppe, and beganne to sell their wares : which the Italians percciiiin>r,
whose factours continue there ( as I sayd before ) and fearing that those English men find-
ing good vent for their commodities in that place, would be resident therein, and so dayly
increase, which would be no small losse and hinderance vnio them, did presently inucnt
ail the subtile meancs they could to hinder them : and to that end they went vnto the Cap-
taine of Ormus, as then called Don Gonsalo dc Meneses, telling him that there were ccr-
taine English men come into Ormus, that were sent oncly to spie the coiintrcy ; and savd
further, that they were hcretikes : and therefore they sayd it was conuenient ihcy shnukl ikh
be sud'ered so to depart, without being examined, and punished as enemies, to the o.\aitii)lf
of others. The Captaine being a friend vnto the English men, by reason that one of ilicm
which had bene there before, had giuen him ccrtaine presents, would not be pcrswadcd to
trouble them, Init shipped them with all their wares in a shippc that was to saile for Gon,
and sent ihcm to the Viceroy, that he might examine and trie them, as he thought "wA
wl-.cre when they were arriued, they were cast into prison, and first examined whether tliev
X'icrc good Christians or no : and because they could speake I ut badde I'orlupall, onelv twli
of them spake good Dutch, as hauing bene ccrtaine ycres in the Low cduntreves, and tluTc
trafTikeil, there was a Dutch lesuile born in the towne of Hrugcs in Flander;, that hid hcnc
resident in the Indies for the spare of thirty vers, sent vnto them, to \eulcrmine and ex-
amine them: wherein they behaued themseiues so well, that they were holdcn and esu'ciiicii
for good and Catholicke Christians: vet st.ll suspected, because thev were stranger-^, and
specially English men. The lesuites still tolde tliem that they should be >ent prisoners inio
Portugall, wi-liing tlicm to leaue ofl' their trade of marchandise, and !■> beci'Uie lc,-uiles, i)ri -
mining tlieni lliereby to defend them from all trouble. Tite cause why tiu"v s.ivd so, and pd.
swadcd them in that earnC'^t nianer, wns, fur that the Dutch lesuite had secrcilv bene adiurtivcil
of great sumnics of money which they had about them, and sought to gel the same intd ihcir
fingers, for lliat tlie lir<t vowe and promise they make at tiieir eniraure into tlieir Order, j..
to procure the welfare of tluirsayd Order, by what nieanes soeuer it be. I5iit ailhnugli the
English men denied them, and refused the Order, saying, that they were vnlit for siuh
j)l;ues, neucrliieles<e they proceeded so farrc, that one of then), being a Painter i ihai (aiiir
with tiie other three for company, to see the countreys, and to seeke his fortune, and w.i-
not sent thither by rlie Ennli^li marchants) partly for feare, arid partiv for want of intams
to reliene hinisclfe, promised them to become a lesuite: and aiiliough thev knew and well
perceiuetl he was not an\ of those that had the treasure, vet because he was a I'ainlcr,
whereof there are but few in India, and that they had great need of him to paint thru-
Church, which otherwi-e would cost them great ciiarges, to bring one from I'oriugall, ihe\ were
very glad thereof, hoping in time to get the re«t of them with all their moiiev into liieir fcl-
loshij): so that to conclude, they made this Painter a h-suile, where he ioniimied (crtainc
dayc'i, giuing him good stire of worke to doe, and enterlainini; him with all the famnr and
f'riend>hi|) they could dcuise, and all to winne the rest, to be a prav for them: Inil llie other
three continued still in pri-on, being in great feare, because thev \niler^tood no ni:\n iIkit
came to tliem, nor any man almost knew what thev sayd; till in the end it was lolde llieni
thai ccrtaine Diiteli men dwelt in the .\rc! bishops house, and counsell niuen lliein to send
\iit.p them, whereat they nuiih reio\(ed, and sent to me and an other Dutch man, ilesiiin^
vs once to come and speake with them, whii h wc nresenily did, aiul lhe\ with leares in their
ryes made complaint vnto vs of tiieir hard vsa^e, shewing \s from jinint to point (a-i it i^
sayd before) why they were come into the countrey, wiihall desiring vs for(iods t.inse, il
we might by any meancs, to hel|)e them, that thev might be set at liberty v pon surelic'^,
being ready to endure what iusiiic should ordaiue ibr them, saving, that if it were found
contnry, and that ihey were other then ir.iuelling niarchanis, and sought to linde out I'ur-
ther l)enelit by their wares, they W(aild be conlent to be punished. Wirh th:it we de-
parted from them, prontising them to do our best: and in the end we obtained so much nf

the

tf^"'^-

M. Ralph Filch.

TRAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES.

401

the Arclibishdp, tlint lie went viiio the Viceroy to deliuer our petition, and perswaded him
so well, th:it he was content to set them at libertie, and that their j!;oods should be deliiiered
vnto tliem asjainc, vpon condition they should |iuf in sureties for two thousand panlawes,
not to depart the couiitrev before other order should be taken with them. Thereuixm thev
pre-enlly found a Citizen of the towne that was their surety for two thousand pardawcs, to
whom thev jiayed in hand one thousand and three hundred pardawes, and l)c(■au^;e they sayd
tliev had no more re;»lv money, he j;ane them credit, seeing; what store of niarchandise they
li:i(l, whercbv at all limes if need were, he minht l)c satisfied: and by that meanes they
were dcliuered out of prison, and hired themselues an house, and bcganne to set o|)en
shoppe: so that thev vttered much ware, and were presently well knowen ainonj; all the
inarchant^, because thev alwaves respected j;cntlenien, specially such as bou!;ht their wares,
shewing jjrcat courtesie and honour vnto them, whereby they woon much credit, and were
bcloued of all men, so that euery man fauoured them, and was willing; to doe them plea-
sure. To vs thev shewed jrreat friendship, for whose sake the .\rchbi^ho]) fauoured them
miiih, and shewed them verv ucod countenance, which they knew well how to increase, by
oflerin;; him manv presents, allhoujjh he would not receiue thtm, neither woidd euer take
(jift or prcent at anv mans hands. Likewise thev bchaued themselues so discreetly that no
man caricd an cuill eve, no, nor an euill thought towards them. Which liked not the
lesuites, because it hindered them from that thev hoped for, so that they ceased not still by
this Dutch le^uite to put them in fcare, that thev should be sent into Portugal! to the King,
rounsellinn them to vceld themselues lesuites into their Cloister, which if they did, he sayd
they Would del'end iheni from all troubles, saying further, that he counselled them therein as a
friend, c*v- one lh:it knew for certaine that it was so determined bv the Viccroyes Priuy conn-
cell: whii!i 111 etl'cct he sayd ihey saved h;u for shipping that should saile for Portngall,
with diners other perswa»ions, to put iheni ii', some feare, and ■•() to ellect their purpose
The Ijigli-ih men to the coi.lrarv, durst not say any thing to them, l)Ul answered, that as vet
tlii"v wonKi «tav a while, and consider th'-rcnf, thert'l)V putting the lesuites in comft.rt, as
one among tiiem, being l!ie ])rin( i])all of them (called lohn Newbery) comjilained vnto mc
often limes, casing thai he knew not what to say or thinke therein, or which wav he might
be ridde of those truubles: but in the end they iletermined with themselues to depart from
thence, and ^fi rellv b\ meanes of other IViciides thev imploved their monev in precious
stones; whi(h the better to efl'eit, one of them was a leweller, and fi r the same purpose
came with ihem, \\ hich being com hided among them, thev durst not make knowen to any
man, neither did thev crcdiie \s so nun h, .is to shew vs their mindes therein, although thev
tolile \s all wh.itsf.ener ihey knew. Hut nu a Whitsundav thev went abroad to sport them-
selues about three miles from (!oa, in tlu- moiiih of the riuer in a coiinlrcv called Rardes,
hailing with tliem goc-d store (f meale an.l driii.Ni'. .\nd beciuse thev should not be sns-
peileil, they left their house and shoppr, \silh sonic wares therein \nsoI(le, in custodv of a
Dutch bov, by vs prouidtd for them, tl.al looked vnto if. This l)ov was in the house not
knowing their intent, and being in llardes, they had wiih them a Palamar, wliich is one ol
the Indian poster, whi( h in the Winter times c.niith letters from one place to the other,
whom they had hired to guide them: and beca' sf that betweene Hardes and the lirme land
tliere is hut a little riuer, in a maner h:dre drie, thev pa>sc'd ouer it on foot, and so inmelled bv
land, being nener heard of againe: but it is thought they arriued in .Aleppo, as some sav,
hut thev know not cerlainely. Their greatest hope was that lohn Newberv could speakc th<! t,,, umv,
.■\rahian tongue, which is vsed in all those counlrevs, or at the least vnderstood; for it is longuc sfntraii
\crv common in all places there abouts, as I'reni h with \s, Newes being come to Goa, ""'"^ ^"''
there was a great stirre and murmuring among the people, and we much woondercd at it :
for manv were of opinion, that we had ginen tluni counsell so to ilo: and ])resently their
suretv seised \|)on the goods remaining, \ihich might amount vnto abone two hundred par-
dnwe-; and with that and the monev he had lereiued of the Knglish men, he went vnto the
\iccrov, and dcliuered it vnto him: wliich theVi<ero\ hailing receiued, forgaue him the
rest. This (light of the Knglisli men grieued the lesuites most, because they had lost such a
VOL. n. 'J V praye,

,. i

; -ril

1^ 'f

n> f

'Kii

iWUi

HIM

4()'2

\'OYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

JI. lohu Elilrcd.

prayr, which ihcy niiulc Mire ncioiiiif of: whereupon tlic Dutch Icsuitc came to vh to asko
vs il'wo knew thcrciif, sasinn, that if he had su-pcclcd so much, he would haue dealt other-
wise, for that he sayd, he once had in his hands of theirs a bajj;;e wherein was forty thou-
sand vrneseanders ^ech venescaiuler beiiijj two pardawes) which was when they were in
prison. And that tliev had aUvaves put him in conil'ort to accomplish his desire: vpon the
which promise he j;;uie them their money ai;aine, which otherwise they should not so lif,'htl\
haue lonie by, or peradnenture neuer, as he openly sayd: and in the endc he called thciii
hereiicks, and spies, with a ih<iusanil other railini; speeches, wliiih he vttcTcd ai;ain>t
them. The I'.nj^lisii man that was become a lesnite, hearing that his com[)aiiions wore j;one,
ami iiiTieiuiii}; lli:it the lesuiies shewed him not so gre.it faunur, neither \sed liim so well a^
the\ did at tiie lirst, repcnteii himscll'e; and seeing he had not as then maile any solcmne
promise, and being lonnselled lo leaue the htiuse, and toKle that he could not want a liiiinj;
in the toune, as also that (lie Icsnitcs could not keepe him there without he were willing to
stav, so tlie\ coulil not a( cuse him of any thing, he tolde them (lall\ that he had no desire
to sta\ within the Cloister. And although thev vsed all tiie meanes they could to keepe linn
there, _\el he \V(Hild not stay, but hired an house without the C"loi-.l(r, and o])Cned sluippe.
where he had good store of worke: and in the end m.irried a .Mest/.os (laughter of the tinMie,
.so tiial he m.ade his account to sta\ there while he lined, liy this Hnglish man I w.is in-
structcd of all the w:ivc>, trides, and vmages of the countrev, beiweene .\le|)po and Oniu^,
anil of all tlie ordinances and common cusli.mcs which they vsuallv h ilde during tin :r
voyage oner the l.ind, as also of the places and lownes where thev pa>sed. .\nd since ihn-e
English mens de|)artures from (ioa, there neuer arrined aii\ >ir:ingcrs, either Fiigli-h or oilier-,
by land, in the sa\i| countrevs, but onelv Italian-, which da\ly Irafliipie i uer land, and \m-
continuall trade gi ing ai:d cumiiiiiig that wa\.

The NoN.igi' of .\f. lohn MIdred to Trvpolis in Svria by sea. and from thence b-.
land and riuer to Halnloii and Bal>ara. l.")S.l.

I Dep.nted i<v.\ of London in the ship called the I'igcr, in the compaiu of M, lohn Nim-

I ijep.nieo hdi oi i.oiuion in ine snip caiieo ine iiger, in iiie cnmpiiiu cm .>i, iniin .mm-
ber\, .M It.ilpli I'ili h, and si\e or seueii oilier honest inar( haiits \ pon Sliroiie miiiidas iJS.i,
.ind arriued in Trliinlis nf Svria the lir^t da\ cf .\lav next insning: at our landing we weiil ni

^'"" • •■ '^ '-"orges Hand, a place where {'hri.-.tians il\ ing aboord the shi|)s, are woo.'t;

lii- citv our Ijigli'h marchants haue a t'oiisull, and our nation abide toi^i-

of liipuiiii;.

S)IU.

ixcit cf whi
■Uc.

'Hif rily of
Hiimmah.

Maving \ pon S. (ieo

lo be buried. In tlii ., , .. - ,

fher in one house with him, tailed I'oiideghi Ingles, bnilded ol -.lone, sijuare. in maiur
like a Cloi^iiT, & ciiirv ma i liaili his seucrall chamber, a- it is the \>e of .dl other Chrisiiaih
of .■^euer.ill nalii'ii-. Ihi- towiie >tar.delh \ nder a part of the ni'iiint.iiiie of I.il.'ai.us iwo \'a\.
glish miles <li-Mjii f; .m the port: on ihe side of wliicli port, Iriiuling in forme of .m
hallV Moono. siand due bioeke houses or small forts, wherein is some very good arlillerv, aiul
the i'orls are kept with .ibout .in hundred bnisaries. Kiglil bel'oic lliis I'Wiie from ihe Ma-
ward i> a bankc (I iP'iuir.g sand, vshich gaihereili and increa-.clh with the Wesierne wiiuU,
ill such sort, that, arc. inline; to an olde propliesie among them, thi,-. baiike is like to vwallmv
\p i»; oucrwlieline tlie towne: for cuery yere it increaselh and eateth \p maiiv gardeiiv, al.
lhou,";'i thev v^e all |iolicv t.i dimiiiisli the same, and to make it lirine ground. The citv U
about llie biuiie«-e of J}ristovs, and walled about, though the walles be of no great force. The
thiele :.lienglh <>[ the place i-. in a Citailell, which slaiiJelh on the South ^ide wiihin tlic
walle-, ;iiid cuerhmkelh the whole lownc, and is slron^lv kept with two hundred lanisaries
and uood artillery. A riuer passelh ihorow the midst of the citv, wherewith they water ihelr
garde .1-. and inulbery tree-. c>n wiiicli there grow abundance <f silke wurmes, wlierewilh
they m;iki' great quaniiiy of verv white silke, which is the ( hiefest naiurall coiioiuxlitv lu
be found in and about ihi> place. This rode i-- more frequented with C'hri«tian man hauls
to wit, Veneiians, (;enouoi«, I'lorentincs, Mar-ilians. .Sicilians, Uiguses, and lately with
Knglish men, then anv other port of the Tiuk-- doiiiinions. From Tri| oli-- I deparled the 14
o! .\Iav v'.idi a c ar.iii.iii, passing ihree d.ive-. cnier the ridge of mount I.ibanus, at ihe ciul
whereof we arriued in a city cillcd Ilammah, which standclh on a goodly plainc rcplciii^heil

with

.1/. lohu Eldrcd.

c caine to vs to askc
lid haiK' dealt otluM-
>rcin was forty tlioii-
i when they were in
\U desire: vpoii the
slioiild not so lifjhll)
fiule he called thcin

he vltered a^aiiiNt
mpanioiis were noiif,
r vsed iiiin so well ;l^
■n made any solcnuu'
iilil not w.ml a liuiiii;
It he were wiliiii<; to
that he had no (h-sire
V eoiild to keepe him

and opened >.',hi|)|ic.
aiij;hler of the towiif,
i'.iiiilish man I was iii-
e Aleppo and ()iiini«,
y h ilde lUirinj; llicr
ii'd. And since iIk -o
therTngli-h or other-,
e < ntr Jaiul, and \m'

, I'roMi thence hy

lanv of M. lohn New-
Sliroiie innndas iJS.'i,
ir landing we went en
the ships, are woont
ur nation ahiiie to:;i-
me, square, in inanrr
if, ill other Chri-'tinib
i,r l.ihai'.iis two l!ii-
idinj; in Cornie of an
rv K'""' artillery, ami
s'|u\»iic IVoni the vci-
thc We-lenic w'ukU,
ikc i' like to sw.illinv
p nianv t^anlen'', a!-
round. The city U
f no great force. The
South side within the
wo hundred lanisarlcs
■with they water iheir
c wnrines, wherewith
nalnrall coniMiodiiy to
h Christian inardiant-,
uses, and lately wilh
(ili- I departed the 1 +
I.ihanus, at the riul
llv ptainc replenished
with

.1/. lohn Eldryl

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

with cornc ar.d rniton wooll. On these nionntaincs which we pasccd ffrrivi great quantity of
•jall trees, which are somewhat like our okcs, bnt lesser and more crooked: on the best tree
a man shall not (inde aboiie a pound of jjalles. This fowne orHamiii.h is fallen and lalleth
more and more to decay, and at this day there is sc.nrsc one halfe of I'le wall standinc;, whiih
hath bene very sfroiif; and faire: but because it cost many mens linis to win it, the Tiirke
will lot haue it repaired; and hath %vrilten in the Arabian toiij;ne oiui- the ca tic gate, which
.slanilelh in the midst of the townc, these words: Cursed be the father and the sonne that
shall lay their hands to the repairing hereof. Itefrcshing oiir selucs one d.ny here, we passed
f(.rwar(l with camels three dayes more vntill we came to Aleppo, where we arriird the VJl of
Mav. This is the greatest place of tralliciiie Inr a drv townc thtf is in all those ()arls : fur
hither resort lewes, Tartarians, Persians, Armenians, iyiryptians, Indians, and many sorts of
Christians, and eniov freedoine of their consc icnces, and bring thither many kinds of rich
man haiidises. In the iniihlest of this towne also standeth a goodly castle raised on high,
wilh a garisiin of foiire or line hmulred Fanisarien. Within foure miles round about arc g(;od-
ly ganiens and \inevards and trees, which beare {;"odly fruit nccrc vnto the riuers .side,
which is but small; the wallcs are about three l''nglish miles in coni|)asse, but the suburbs
:ire almost as nun h more. The townc is greatly peopled. We departed from thence with
our camels the la-t of Mav with M. lohn Newberv and his companv, ard came to Rirnh in
three davcs, being a sni;<'l towne situated v|)on the riner Kiiphrales, where it beginneth first
to take his tiame, being here gathered into one chanell, whereas before it commeih downc
ill nianif dde branches, and tlierefore is called bv the people of the countrey by a name
whiih si^'mlictli a lliousand heads. Here is plenty of victuals, whereof we all furnished our
seines lor a long iournev dowiie the aliiresavd riner. And according to the maner of those
tli^it trauell downe bv water, we pre]):ired a small barke frr t!ie connevance of (>tir selucs and
ol our g< ods. These boates are jiat bolt ■mcd, be( •'lisc the riner is shallow in nianv places :
and when men traiiell in the monelli of Inly, Auijnst, and September, the water being then
at t'.ie lowest, lh('\ are constr.iined to > ary with them a spare beat or two to lighten their
(■wne boitcs, if thev < hance to fall on the sholds. We were eight and twenlv davcs vpnn
the water bctwcene Hirrali and V'elii'^ia, where we disimbarked (uir seines and our goods.
Kiicrv nii;ht .ilier the Sun seiteih, we lie our barke to a stake, go on land to gather sticks,
and set on onr pot with rice or briised wheat, and hailing supped, the inarchanf ■ lie aboord
the barke, and the m.ninirs vpon the shores side as nere as thev < an vnto the --.ine. In
inanv places \pon the riners side we met wilh troops of Arabians, of whom we l.'ought niilke,
ImltiT, egges, and laml)s, and gaiie them in barter, (for thev care luit for inonev) glasses,
f I inbes, C'Tall, ami er, to hang about lluir annes and nerks, and for ( luirned inilke we gauc
ihein I'.read and |iomi;raiiai peeh's, wherewith they vsc to tanne their goats skinnes whiih
thev (hnrne wiihall. 'I'Seir liaire, apparell, and colour are altogether like to tiiose vauabond
l.^vptiaiis, whiih heretofore haiie i;- iie about in I'.ngl.ind. Their women ail without e\cep-
tiipii weareagri.il nni'.d riii;; in one i.l their nostrels, of goUlc, siluer. or vnm, according
to their ability, and about their amies and smalles of their legs lhe\ haue hoops of gdUlc,
sihier or \ron. All of them as wel women and (hildren a~ men, are \erv gre;it swimmers,
and often limes swimming thev brought vs inilke to onr barke in vessels vpon their heads.
These jieople arc very iheeuish, wliidi 1 proiied to my cost: for they stole a casket of mine,
with things of good value in the ^\\mi\ from viuler my mans head as he was asleejie: and
therefore trauellers keepe good watch as they |iasse downe the riuer. Euphrates at IJirrah is
about the breadth of the fhanies at Lambeth, and in s'ltiie places narrower, in some broader:
it runneth very swiltlv, almost as fast as the riner of Trent : it hath diners sorts of lish in if,
biK all are scaled, some as bigge as salmons, like barbils We landed at Felugia the eight
and twentieth of lune, where we made onr abode scuen daves, lor l.iekc of camels to carv
our goods to Babylon: the heat at that time of the vere is such in those j)arts, that men arc
luth to let out their camels to trauell. This rehi^ia is a \illage of sonic hundred houses, and
■* place a|)poiiiled lor discharging of such goods as come downe the riuer: the inhabitants
ire .\rabian.s. Not (liiding camels here, we were constrainrd to vnhde o\ • goods, and hired

:\ V 2 -in

403

Cotton Wool!.
Gall Trees.

Alcj-p^*.

Dirnh.

Hupliritei ihil*
low.

Fijiil tt twenty
d*yci iournf y by

nuer.

Arjbiif.* i-poi
thp nuer ot"
EuphtAtri.

The AmSiai,
women ucjtr
goMe nn^^s m
thfir niMrclv

icnbcd.

Frlu^*

J t :'?

1 1 1

]

Jl'','- .

if;WI'.!

404^

VOYACIKS, NAL'ICiATIONS,

M. lolin Kldifd.

The riiinM I'f
oldc n.i)<vlol).

N«w Babylon.

nil lumdrcd asses to carv (uir l-lnnlish miircliandisps oiicly to NVw H,i))\ Ion oiier a short de-
sert, ill rrossiiii; wlioridl' wo s|)cnt linlitocnc lioiires tr.iuellini; by iiij;lit, and piirt of ilic
morninf;, to aiioid the f;ro;it heut.

Ill this plarc which wc ctosschI oiicr, stood llie oldc mighty city of Babylon, tiiany oldc ni-
iiios whereof are easily to be scene by day-lifjht, whii-h I lohn KIdrcd haiic often l)rhcld :it my
j;()od leasiirc, hauinj; made three \ovai;cs betwccnc the new city of Habyion and Aleppo oiut
thir, desert. Here also arc yet standinsj the mines of the oide tower of Isabel, which hciim
vpoii a plaine •iroiid seenieth a I'arre oil' \ cry ftrcat. but the iicrer ymi come to it, the Icsscp
and lesser it appearelh ; sniulry times I haiie ^one thither to see it, and lonnd the remnants
yet standinij aboiie a quarter of a mile in conii)nssc, and almost .as hij;h as the stone workr of
i'auls steeple in I-ondon, but it si.ewcth iiiuih bi^jjcr. The bricks rrmaininj; in this mcist
ancient monument be hall'c a yard thicke, and three <|narters of a yard lonu, being dried in
the Siinne oncl\. and belwcene eiierv course of bricks there belli a (<iurse of mattes made of
canes, which icni.iiiie sound and not perished, as thoni;h thev hail bene layed within one veerc,
The(ii) of New Habvloii ioineth vpon the aforsavd small desert where the OMe ciiv was,
ThttiufiTitiii. and t!ic riner of Ti-^ris runneth close viider t!ie wall, and thev may if they will open a >.hiic.
and let the water of the same runiic round about the towne. It is aboiie two Kn^lish mile- In
compas>e, and the inhabitants •leiicralK speake three laniioaiies, to wit, the Persian, Arahi m
and Turkish tongues : the people are of the Spaniards complexion : and the women ^encrallv
weare in one of the Ti-tle- of their noses a rinu like a weddin;; riiip, but -oniewhat greater,
with a pearle and a i'urkisli >.tont set therein; and this they do be thev iieiier so poore.

This is a place of ver\ ureal trallujue. and a \crv RTeai iliorowfare from the K.i»t Indies i,i
Aleppo. The towiic i> very well furnishetl with victmln which <'ome downe the riuer of Ti-
j;ris from Mosul wliirh was called N'iniue in olde lime. Thc\ brinu the-^e victuals and diners
Rjf'^hornfiTon ^,,,.|^ ,,(' niar» haudises vixm rails borne vpon "oats skins bioweii v ii lull of wind in manor n|
ikins. bladders. .And when tiicv haue discharged their ^ooiU, they sel the raits lor lire, and let liu-

wind out of iheir jjoals skins, and carv tlieni home aL;alne \pon llieir asscs b\ laud, to inakf
other voyages downe the riuer. The building here is most of bricki- dried in the Sun, and
very lille or no stone is to be foiiiul : their houses arc all llat-rool'ed and low. 'I'hcy haiic iin
raine for eijilii inonetlis tou'cihcr, nor almost any clouds in the skic iii^ht nor day. riu-ir
Winter is in NiHieniber, Di'cember, lanuarv and I'ebriiary, which is as warme as our Si^mnicr
in Ivnjilaiid in a maner. This I know by j;oo<l experience, because my abode at seucrali liincs
in this city of Uiih\ Ion hath bene at the least the space of two veeres. .\s we conic to the( ih,
wei)asseouer the riuer of'fijriison a j;reat brid;;e niaile with boats chained toi;ethcr with |\%,>
mii;lily chaincs of y ron. I'Voin thence we departed in flat bottomed barks more stroiv; \ !;rc,iiii
then tho.se of r.'.iphralcs, and were ciyht ami twenty daycs also in passin;, downe tliis riuer
to lialsara, but we might liane done it in <-inhteeiie or lesse, il the water had bene higher.
Vpon the waters side stand by the wav diners townes rcsemblini; much the names of the ulcle
prophets ; the first towne tliev call ()/.eah, & another /ecchiah. Before we come to HalsniM
by one daycs ioiirnc\. the two riucrs ol Tigris and laiphralcs meet, and there standelli a cas-
tle called Curna, ke|)t by the Turks, where all marchanis pay a small custome. Here tlie Hvn
riuers ioyiied together begin to be eight nr nine miles broad : here also it beginnctli to chiie
and How, and the water oncrflowiiig iiiaketli the countrey all about very fertile of coriu', ri(c.
pulse, and dales. 'The towne of lialsara is a mile and an halfein (ircnit: all the buildings, c.silc
and wals, arc made of bricke dried in the Sun. 'The 'Turke hath here fine hundred lanis.irios,
besides other souldiers contintialK in garisoii and pay, but his cliiefe strength is u\' gallics
which arc about line and twenty or thirty very faire and furnished with goodly ordinaiice.
To this port of Halsara come nionethlv diners shijjs from Orimiz, laden with all sorts of Iii<li;m
marchandisc, as spices, drugs, lndico and C'alecut cloth. These ships arc v«Hallv from I'itiv
to threescore tni'iics, hauing their planks sowed together with corde made of the barke of D.itc
trees, and in stead of Occam they \sc the shiuerings of the bnrkc of the savd trees, ai:d ol the

»;nnc

.Sfldonier.iir,.

Eiphi Ai iwtmy

diys inurnpy
m«Tp Itv ruler,
frcm UjI.vI.t, ti
Qalura.

Curua ca!tlr.

h»U.

M. loliit Elthrtl.

II ouor a short do-
it, and part oi' the

(in, niany oldo ni-
il'lcii l)rhchl at iiiv
It and Alrppi) hikt
Inhi'l, which hoini;
tir to it. the K-s^rr
nund the r<Miin:inti
ihp «*|c)n«' workp (if
iinin<: in this iridsi
ni;, bcinj; dried in
• (iT mattes rnade (if
d within oni" vecre.
llie OMc city wa*,
: will iipen a »liire,
ivo Kn(;li-«h miles \\\
iie Pcr>ian, Aralii in
le wdiucn j;cnfnllv
t -omcwhat greater,
uer so piiore.
n (he l«i«t Indies |,i
kvne the riuer nl' ii-
' \ielnals and diiirr*
nl' wind in maner .■!
lor lire, and lot liic
■es l)\ land, to make
ied in ilie Sim, and
low. Thi'v luiie iiii
^lil nor (lav. Tlii'ir
irme a^ our Si^mnicr
[)de at semndl liinc*
we i(ime to the cii\,
d ti'sietlter with i\mi
re stron'; iV urealcr
'J, downe this riner
er had tionc hi.;lu'r.
le names of ilu- (■iilc
we cinu" to Halsar.i
there standelh a las-
mie. Here the iw"
t l)en;iiiiictli to ehlie
eriile ofeorne, rice,
the luiiidiniis, civile
■ Inmilred lanisarics,
trenuih is of yallics
h sjoodlv ordinal. re.
ih all sorts of Iiiiiian
e vsjiallv frDm I'TIv
ol'the liarkc nfDali'
lyd trees, and ot ilic
s;mie

Af, Tohn Eldrcit.

TIl.\FFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIUES,

405

same they also make tiieir tacklinf;. They haiie no kind of yrnn wnrkc belonging to these vcs- ^||',''' ™''' ™ h'^'
scls. sane only their ankers. From this plaeo six daye<i sailing dnwne the guile, they poe to Persian guif«.
a |)laee called Baharem in the mid way to Ormus : there they lish lor pcarles foiire inoneths in
ilic yeerc, to wit, in Inne, lulv, Aii<;iist, and September. My abode in Balsara was lust sixe
inoneths, diirinjj which time I receined diners letter from .M. lohn Newberry from ()rmii«,
who as lie passed that way with her Maiesties letters to Zelabdim Echcbar king of Cambaia, & |f/,'j|',fljfcaml
Mill) ihe miii;hlv emperoiir of China, was traitorously there arrested, and all his eompany, bv i^iij.
the rorluj;als, and afterward sent prisoner to Cioa ; where after a long and criiell imprisonment,
he and his companions weredcliucrcd vpon sureties, not to de|)art the towne without leauc.at the
siiie of one father Thomas Steuens an Eiif^iisli relii^ious man, which they found there : but shortly
allcr three of ihem escaped, whereof one, to wit, .\I. Ualph Fitch, is .since come into F.ngland.
■fhe fourth, which was a painter called lojin .Siory, became religious in the college of S. Paul
ill (ioa, as we vndersiooil by their letters. I and my companion William Shales hailing di>- ";"^''i,",'|'",''',j
patched our busincssc at Halsara, imliarked our seines in coini>any of seuenty barks all laden Ak^v.
with niarchandise, hailing ciiery barke I+. men to draw them, like our Westerne bargemen on
the Thames, and wc were forty loiire da\es comining vp against the streainc to Babylon,
where aniiiiiig and paving our ciistome, we with all other si rts of niarchants bought vs ca-
mels, hired vs men to lade and driue them, furnished our seines with rice, butter, bisket, hoiiv Thrirprmiisiou
made of dates, onions and dates: and eiiery inarchant Imiight a pr()]»ortion of line mutton.s, """""•■''•
and hired cerlaine sticpheards to driue them with vs : wc also bought \s tents to lie in, and (o
pill our goinls viidcr: anil in this our caraiian were foure thousand camels laden with spices, a C'lnvim of
and other rich inarchandises. These camels will line verv well two or three daycs without cl'ma'.!"""'
wafer: their feeding is on thistles, wormewood, maKdalene, and other strong weeds which
they Hiule vpon the way. The goueriiment and deciding of all qnarels and duetics to be p.ay-
ed, the whole caraiian comiiiiieth to one speci;ill rich marchant of the company, of whose ho-
nesiv tliey conceiue best. In p.i-ising from Babylon to .\leppo, wc spent forty daves, tra-
iielling twenty, or foure and twenty miles a day, resting ourseliies cOnionlv from two of the
t locke In the affernoone, vntill three in the morning, at which lime wc begin to tako our iour-
nev. Ijglit daves ioiiriiev from Baljyion toward .\ic|)|)o, iiecre viilo a lowne calletl Heit, as
we crosse the riuer Euphrates by boates, about .'{. miles from the town there is a valley
wherein are many springs throwing out .ibiiiidantly at great mouths, a kind of blacke sub-
stance like vnto larre, which senieth all liie coiiiiirev to m;ike stanch tiieir barkes and boates:
fiierv one of these springs makeih a noise like vnto a Smiths forge in the blowing & pulling
nut of this matter, whicii neuer ceaseth night nor dav, and the noise niav be heard a mile
(ilV rontinually. This xale swalowelh vjjall lieaiiie things that come vpon it. The people of
tlic coiintrey cal it in their language Babil gcheiihain, that is lo sav, Hell doorc. As we pass-
ed through these deserts, we ^aw certainc wihl beasts, as wild ;»sscs all white. Roebucks,
wnjfes, leopards, fo\cs, ai.d many hares, whereof we chased and killed many. Aborise the
king of the wandring Ar.iliiaiis in these deserts, haih a diilie of lO.s. sterling, vpon cucry
Canu'ls lode, which he sendeth his otlicers to recciiie of the Caraiians, and in consideration
hereof, he taketh vpon him to conduct ihc -ayd Caiauans if thev need his helpc, and to de-
fend them against certainc prowling thieiics. I and my com|)anioii William Shales came to
Aleppo with the Caraiian the eleiienlh of Iiine, l,")S4. where we were iovfiilly receined 20.
miles distant front the towne b\ .\l. William Barret our Consiill, accompanied with his pco- ^y'"","! ""■■''■
|)lc and lanissaries, who fell sicke immediately and departed this life within S. dayes after, and .\i.Tp...
elected before his death .M. .■\:i'hoiiie Bale Consul of our English nation in his place, who ^'- ^^''i- Burti.
laudably suppned the same roome J. yeeres. In which meane time, I made two voyages „"« madc^j
innrc \ntoBab\lon, and returned by the wa\ aforesavd, oner the deserts of Arabia. And Babylon.
afierwards, as one desiroin to see other parts of the tininlrev, I went from .Vleppo to An-
lidih, wiiich is thence (lO. Ivngiish miles, and from thence went dowiic to Tripoii.s, where
going aboord a small \cssi'il, 1 arriiicd at lo[)pe, and li'aiielled to Kama, Lyti:i, Gaza, lerii-
saiem, Bethleem, to the riuer of lordan, and the sea or lake of Zodome, and returned backc
tu loppc, c^ from thence by se.i to Irijiolis, of which places because many others haiie

publi.sjicd

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I". II '^

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40G

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

WllUam narrct.

published larRC discourses, I surcease to write Within Tew dayes after inibarKiiij; my srlfc
at Tripoli^ the SW. of December, 1 nrriiieil ((ind be thanked) in salVty hire in the riuer
of Thames with diuers Rnglish inarchal-, the Ul' ircli, I JW*, in the Hercules of Lun-

don, which wa» tljc richest ship of English ni vhanis goods that eiicr was knowcn to tome
into this rcalme.

The money and meaMirea of Raliylon, Halsara, and the Indies, with the custoniw, &c.
written from Aleppo in Syria, An. Ij8t. by M. Will, Barret.

BABYLON ;

The weight, mea-iure, and money currant there, and ihe customcs of merchandize.

A Nfana of Babylon is of Aleppo I roue .'> ounces and a halfe : and (iH manas and thrrr
Meucnth pirts, make a quintall of Aleppo, which is 494 li. H ounces of London: and l(M)
manas is a quintall of Babylon, which makelh in Aleppo I4(i roues, ami of London t-i'i |j,
and so much is the sayd quintall : but the marchants accord is bv so much the mana, and
in the sayd place they bale the tare in all sorts of commodities, acconiiny to the order of Aleppo
touching the tare.

The measure of liabylon is greater then that of Aleppo 2\ in y IW. I'or !>rinuinn I0()
pikes of any measurable ware from Aleppo thither, there is found but 82 pi'.es in Babylon,
so that the 100 pikes of Hnb\lon is of Ale|)po 121 pikes, verv lille les.se.

The currant nmny of B.ibylon are .Sales, which .Say i^ .> nieilines, as in Aleppo, and -K) nic-
dines being H Saies make a duckat currant, and 47 mcdines passe in value as the duckat of
;;oId of Venice, and the dollars of the best sort are worth, '{3 medines. The roials of pLup
are sold by the 100 drams at prise, accordinn as they be in iii;uesl: but amongst the mar-
chants thev bargainc by the 1(10 metrals, which are \M drnms of \leppo, which ITiOdraiiN
arc l:i:) siiij;le roials of plate : but in the mint or castle, they take the by the 100 dram.,
which is yo roials of (jlate, aiul tiiose of the muil i;iuc ;"» medines les.sc in each 100 draiii>
then thev are woorlh to be sold amon;; the man hauls, and make paiment at the terme ol ^0
(laves ill .Sayes.

The cu»tonie in H iby Ion, as \>cl inw.ird as oiiUNard, i> in this mancr ; .Small wares at G per
l(X), Coral and amber at ."land a haile jicr I'X), Venire ciutii, Ijiglish doth, Kersies, MockaiiN,
Chatnblel.«, Silks, Vi'liicts, Damasks, Satlins & such like at .'i per lOO: iV- they rate llic
goods without reason as they ln>l liiciii'-cliies. Tlie Toafi, Bo.ibo, and other exactions (i me-
dines per bale, all wliiili tlie\ ]):iy presently in ready niony, according to the euntomc and v.sc
of the em|)eror.

To the Ermin of the mint \ orilinarie vsc is to guic 'M .Saies in ciirtesie, otherwise he would
by authoritic of his ollice come aboord, iV fir de^pi;^ht make such .search in the barke, llui
he would turne all things toj)sie tnruic.

BALSAHA :
The weight, measure, and muney in the citic of Balsira.

.^ .\fana of Balsara answcrcth ."> roues 2 (iun(es iV a halfc of .Meppo wci_;hl, &: 19 inaiias
and one 4 part of Balsara, answcrcth the ijuintall of .\lc))|)o, which is 494 roues, 8 <iiin(ts
English, and 20 mana-. is the <|uinlall of Ikalsara, which is 104 Alej)iiie, and of London jl+
li. 8. ouces, and so much is the sayd (piinlall, but the marchants bargaine at so much the main
or wolsene (which isall one) and they abate the tare in euery mana, as the sort of spice is,
and the order taken ther''fore in that place.

The measure of Ba!.-<ira is called a ])ike, which is iu.st as the measure of Babylon, to sav,
100 pikes of Balsara make of Aleppo 121 pikes, vt supra in the rate of Babylon.

The currant mony of Balsara is :ls foloweth. There is a sort of llusse.s of copper called
Estiui, whereof 12 make a mamedine, which h the value of one medine Aleppine, the said

mamcdine

IVlUiam Harrct.

William Barret.

inrrc'liaiidi/.e.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

■107

mamrdinc is of silucr, hauing the Nforcxco siampc on both iiiilc<i, and two of theie make a
claiiinc, which is'imedincs Alcppine.

The said daninc is of HJlurr, hauing the Tiiritesco Htampenn both sides, & 2 and a haifc of
ihi'scmakc a Saic, which is in value as the Saie of Aleppo.

Thesaiil Suic is of tlie similitude and stanipe of Aleppo, being (sis appearcs) CO cstiues.
Also one Say and 20 estiucs make a larine, which is of Aleppo money (i mcdines and a halfe.

The sayd larine is a strange piece of money, not being round as all other currant money in
Cliristianitie, but is a small rod of siluer of the greatneiwe of the pen of a goose feather,
wherewith wc vse to write, and in lennlh abnut one eight part thereof, which is wrested, so
lliat the two ends meet at the iust halfe part, aiul in the head llu-reof is a stampc Turkesco, and
these be the bet (urrant money in all the Iiulias, and (i of these larines make a duckat, which
is 40 mediiics or eight Sales of Aleppo.

The <luckat of gold is woorth there 7 larines, and one daninc, which is of Aleppo money 4S
medines and a halfe.

Tlie Venetian money is worth larines 88 per 100 meticals, which is 150 drams of Aleppo,
vt supra.

The roials of plate are worth 88 larines by the 100 meticals, & albeit among the marchants
they sel by the 100 meticals, yet in the mint or castle, tacy sel by tlic 100 drams, hauing
tl\ere lesse then the worth .") medines in each hundred drams, and haue their paiment in 40
dayes made them in Saies or larines.

The cusiouu- of ilie said places, aswell inward as outward, are alike of all sorts of goods,
tosay (i by the 100, and 'foalo, B abo, ifc scriu.in medines (i by the bale inward & outward,
to say, 'i inward, and as imu-h outward: but who so leaueih his goods in the ciistome house
paieih nothing, where otherwise at the taking ihereol' awav, he should pay ii med. by the bale,
and of the said gnoils there is no other duly to pa\ , and this commeth to p;is--e who the cus-
tomers esteeine the goods too high. Tor in such a case thev may be driuen to take so much
(■(iiumodiiieas the ( ustonie amountcih to, and not to pay them in money, for such is the order
front the (Jrand Signior.

Hauing paid the custome, it behouctii to haue a (juittance or cocket sealed and firmed with
the customers hand, in conlirmaiio of the di«p.it(h and clearing, aiul before departure thence,
to cause the sa\d runtomer to cause scarcli to he made, to the end that at the voiages rcturne
there be no cauillation made, as it iftentimcs happeneth.

Note that 100 meticals of IJalsara N^eii^h 17 ounces and a halfe sottile Venetian, and of
Aleppo drams \M, vt .supra.

The fraight of tlie bark«'s from Ormuz to Balsara, I would say from Balsan to Ormu/., they
pay according to the grcatnesse ihoreof To say, for cnriage of 10 cares I8(J larines, thoseof
1.^ cares 270 larines, tliose of '20 cares .'itil* l.irines, those of .'JO cares bW larines. Note that
a cara is 4 quintals of BaNara. Tliev pay also to the pilot of the barke for his owne cariage
one care, anil to all the rest of the mariners amongst thent .{ < ares fr.iight, which is in the
whole 4 cares, aiul paving the alwMiesayd prise.s and fraights, they are at no charges of vic-
tuals with them, but it is rc(|uisite that the same be ile« lared in the charter partie, with the
condition that they lale not a!)o< nl one roiilo more tlien the fraight, vnder paine.s that
finding mire in Orniuz, it is forfeit, and besides that to pay the fraight of that which they
haue laden.

And in this accord it behoueth todeale warilie, and in the presence of the Ermin or some
other honest n'an (w'lereof there are but few ) for thev are the worst people in all Arabia,
And this diligence must be put in e.xccutio, t.i the end the barks may not be ouerladen, because
they are to passe many saiuU bclwi.xt Balsara and Ormu/..

OUMVZ:

The weight, measure, and money currant in the kingdom of Ormuz:

SI'iccs and drugs they weigh by the bar, and of cuery sort of goods the weight is difTerent,

m\i

it , *. ' r ■ ^ '

409

VOYAGES, NAUKJATIONS.

U'illldin nuriet

To !Miy, of (wmr drii«>t iJ qiiiiitalii, aiul '.i crubi or rouc't, and otlirr •mine i qiiintalH 'J.i roiilups,
and yi't bull) ii rallod a Iwrrc, whirh liarro, a* well n* nival a* lillt-, i^ 'il) (ra«oli, awi fiiciv
fraHoll if) 10 mana», and ciieiy inana '^'.i i hiaii-i, aitJ oiicry iliianx) 10 miMiraU aid a haH,-,
Note llial ciicry (luiiUall makc'th 4 rnilii or nuicH, and riit-ry niuo .'i'i rolilotN, \ iMu-rv i,i.
VKiiatoiiioii, tilo KioiincfM, ami riu-ry ounce 7 mrlitaU, so tlial ilif (|iiinlall coninu'ih to I)p I'iM ruiilnc,
^vhich in Alcppine 2(i rotiloc* and one third part, wliirh is I.J'i Ii Kiiiilifth \vfi>{lit. And cdti.
trarywi^cC quintal ol' Aleppo (wliicli \* VJi roiilncs H omit iw Hn);ll»li ) nial<clli 471 roiiloi,,
and a halle ot'Ornui/,, wliiili i« .'i ((uinlali 'i nuu'<, 'i'.) rmiloc* and a liaH'iv

Note that there are bari oI'dinerH uci';lit'., M >.upra, olwhiih llu-y haruainesiniplv, ai ( onj.
ing to the sort of eoinniodirie, but if they bar^ainc ol' the ureal liarre, the ttame i* 7 <|iiini:ili
and'H roliloes, whicii in ''JM Ii. i) onncew uf London weiglw, and of Aleppo lUJ roliioes ami
a halle.

TciurhiiiR the monev ofOrmiiz, they barnainc in m.inhandi^e at ■xi many leiheM l)y the
l)arre, whi( h lei h i-* 100 Asarie'*, and liiaketli larines 1(H) iV a halle, \4ii(h makcth pardaott.fS,
& larinet one halfe, at larine-* ,"> by the parilao. One a'*; rie ii stdinei 10, and euery nadine is
I(K). danarie.

The larine is worth ."is-idinc* and one fourth part, so thut the sadine i» worth of Aleppn
inonv I niedinc and I fourth part, h the larine as in HaUara worih of Aleppo mony (i mcdims
8c a half.

The pardao is ."» larines i f HaNara.

There is also stamped in Ornui/. a seraphine of i;old, whiih is liile and round, and is wcirih
'^4 sadine«, vhich niaketh .'JOniedines of Aleppo

The Venetian mon\ is worth in Ormu/. Iarine> SH per l(K) ineiii aN, h ihe roials are wcrili
larines H<i lcs.se one sa«line, whirh is euery thou«and iiK'iirals, '.IHl asnre-; l)iii those th.it \til|
not sel them,%se to melt them, and make them so many laniios in the kin;; ofOrn.uz hisniini,
whereby thev chare ;J |)er KM), and soinewhal niorr: .iiid this they due because neither Vciii'.
liaii monev tier roi;ils run a- nirr.nii iiiOrimi/, per adiii-c,

'i'lie measure of Orimi/ is d twnMUl-*, the niic (ailed rcdn uliii li iiii rcuclli Npon the iiic.i-
Mire of Aleppo .'{ per KM), lor briiiuinu KM) pike* of aiiv mea'«iiial)li- w.ircs from .\leppci tu
Ormu/, it is loiind in Onnii/ to be !<),'{ (oilt:., ANo the«e iiuM»iires uf Ornin/. imreaie v|)iiii
th<i»c of KnLsara and Uabvlon 'i'j and two third pari^ per KM): for l>riiiyiiij{ KM) pikes cif mv
measurable ware- from HaNar.i nr Itibyluii, ijiere is found in Orimi/. i'i'i codes iind twolliinl
parts.

Tiie ( ther iitensnrc is callcil a \are, \Nhi< h was >eiil fn in tin* kiii'; of I'lirlu^all l(t the liitli.i,
bv which thc\ •icll things of sin.ill \, due, \>iiich nx'asuie is of .'i p.ilines or "pan-, and i- cih
rode and two thini jiarts, mi tluii biiviiin KM) cihIcs of anv nwasuiable wares, and reinriiiiii; i"
meaKure it by the sayd vare, there are found but (iO vares, contrarywisc I0() varen make l(i(j
codes and two third jiarts.

Note thatal such ships as lade horses in Ormii/. for Cioa or any other place of bulla, l.iihii^
U) horses or vpwards, in what places socner the said horses be taken a shore in the IikIm, ihr
niarchudi/e which is to be dischnr^ed out of that ship wherein the said horse* (oine, are lii.iiiiil
til |)ay no custoinr at all, bill if thev lade one horse U-snc tiien ten, then the ^oods are IhuiimI
to pay the whole custome. And this l.iw wan made by Dim Kmanuel kin^ of l>iirlu>;all, liiii ii
is to be diligently foreseciie, whither all lliose hor.sis laden be bound to pa> the kiii^ his cii--
tome: for many times by the kin;; of Fortugall his commandement, there is lauoiir shewed
to the king of Cochin hin brother in arm«'s, so that hin horses that come in the same ship, ;in'
not to answere custome. As for example: If there were 4 horses laden in one »hi|), all whii h
were to pay custome to the kin;;, and one other of the kinn of vJochiiw which were imi i"
pay any custome, the same i aiiselh all the marcli,iiidi/.e ol that ship to be subiect to pay cii-
toine, per .aduise. IJiit if they i "i horses vpon purpose to pa\ the kin;; his cusioiiic in

(ioa, and in the voya;;e nny of ihei ild die in that ca-e, if they brin;; the laile of tlic(lc:ul

horse to the custome in Goa, thei. iuiuli/e is free from all custome, because liny

were latlcii in Ormuz to pay custo: oca. Moreouer, if the horseti .should die before ihr

mill"!

Wilttiiin linrirt
fiiinliiU 'i."» nitilocs,

.•i'k;iI* n'ld a h,ilf»-.

illUN, kV CIUTV 1(1-

to 1)P VIH n>lil(.(s,

wi'IkIiI. Ai)il Tdti-

iiuikrlli 47 i rolilni'4

niiicfiimplv.ait'Cdnl'
c Hamc Ul <|uini^ili
i|>i> I'Jii rotiliKw und

naiiy lethcH hy tlic
I makctli |)anlaoN;iH,
, ni)d I'Ucry «ailinc is

i<t worth of Alo|)|)(i
|i{io inony li invdiiKs

roiiiul, and °n wdrili

; ihr roiaU arc wnrili
, : bill tliiHc tiKit Will
n i>r<)riiiii7. lii-< niii;(,
i'(:aiisc' iii'itlifr Vein-

r.i««'lli \|nin tlio iiicM-

)rnMi/. ii»( rra'f \|Hiii
UK MN) pikri nl' ;iiiv
I ttxICM aiitl tv«() third

>rlu^:ill to tlic li)tli.i,
r x|>:in-, ami i- oiic
TV, anii rciiirninu i.i
KX) varcH make Ititi

arc of Iiulia, l,iihii'4
u>TC in till- liidi.i, ihi'
rxri(()inc, arc I), iiml
the KoixU art' IkhiikI
j> ()rP<>rtii>;all, liiil it
)a\ the kinn his i\\>-
re I* I'aiioiir shcwnl
in tlie wmc >hi|), ;iio
II (IDC !thi|), all uhii h

whicii were not in
)C >iil)icf t to pay rii-

kinj; hi-i ciMonic in
; the taili- oithcih-:!.!
stoinc, briausc they
<hoiilil die bctorc tlir
niiil-t

M. mil. Barret.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEIIIES.

midst of the v>->ynj{r, they pay no cimtnme at all, nnil if Jhey die in the midii of ihc voyaj^e,
then they pay hallc customo, but if any horne die after the mid voia^e, they pay (imtoinc n(»
Icsse then if they irriue Nal'e. Notwithntanding, the nierrhandi/c ( whether the Haid hone* die
hi'lorc or in the mid V(iyr.ne or after the mid voia;;c) arc free from allcuHtome.

The ciistome of Ornuiz is eleiien in the I0(>, to say, 10 for the kinj?p and I for the arminjf
ol' the foiuls; but for Minali ware* m glaHiM, and lonking '.lasne* of all nortH, and niich like.
made for anparcll, pav no custtomc. But cloth of Wool!, Kanties, Morkaires, Chamlctn, and
alUorlcsol Silke, SaH'mn, ami xiich like, pay ciintome, being esteemed reasonably.

There is also another (iistome, which tlicv tall caida, which is, that one brinfjing his j>oods
into Orniii/:, with purpose to send j' "amc J'urther into India, the wamc arc bond to pay ■'<
Us the l(K), but none other are bound to pay this rustome, except the Armenians, Moorc!*,
ami Icwes; for the I'ortugalu and Venetian-* pay nothing thereof.
Note j in Oriniiz the\ abate tare ol all sorts ol cominoditicM, by an order obseriied of ciwtome.
rhc Iraight from Urmuz to (.'haul, (>oa, and Cochin, is as I'olnweth; Mokaires larines G
oiT table ol (iO pikes. Aijuariosa H larines by ordinarie chist, raisins 10 by chiHt, which in a
(|iiintall of roues I'i.S. Huuia of Chalangi larines 10 pcrfjiiintall, glasses larines 8 per chist,
, r4 ro(-ie and a halle, glasses in ureal thisis 14 & l,» larines by chist. Small wares larines
\'l b\ chis' of Hue fool 'I'ainari for Maschat sadines 'i and a half, and 3 by the fardle. Ta>
inane fi); I'lU and (.'li.iiil i sadines, and 4 and a halfe by bait. Uthcr drugs and things which
come iinni I'crsia p:i\ aiconling to the greatnessc of the bales.

The li'ai;;ht inciilinncd, they pay as appeareth, when they ship the sayd goods in ships where
lior-.cs i;(ic : tithcrwi4e not hauing horses, they pay nomc what Icmc, because of the custom
whii'h they are to pay.

The vse ol' the Inilia ships U, that the |)atrnncs thereof are not at any charge neither with
,111V passeiigtr, nor yet with any mariner in the ship, but that eiiery one at the beginning of
the voyage doe riirnish to luaintaiiu- his owne table (if he will eate) and fordrinke they liaue
,1 i;rcal iarrc of water, which is garded with i^reat ciistodie.

COA.

The weight, measure, and moiiy currant in Goa.

Tile (piintall of (>oa is ,'i inanas, and S larines, & the mana is 'J4 rotilos, so that the quin-
i.iil of (>oa i« I'iS rot, and cuery rot. is Id ounces, which is of Venice weight I li. and a halfc,
vi that the miiiitall of (ioa is ID'i li, sotile \'ciiice, which is '2ti rotiloes S ounces Aicp^Mne,
,iiiil of London weight \,ii li. Kn;{lisli, as the w<'i'4ht of Ormuz,

.Ml the man liaiiili/.c, •.pices and drugs, are sold by this ipiinlal, except some drugs, as lignu
(ic t'iiin.1, (iai.inga, \ others, whereof llicy bargaine at so nuuh per candill, adiici-iising that
[here be two sort'> of c.uidill, one ol Iti inanas, the other of 20 manas, that it lii nian.TS
inniniclh to be iust ;{ (jiiintaU, and that of 'iO manas, J ipiint.ils, ,'{ roues. Note that 4 roues
make a (luintall. and the roue is :i2 rotiloes, as in Orniuz,

riiore is also anotiier weight wliii h they call Marco, which is eight fninccs or hallc a rotiln
nf Cioa, iV y ounces of N'cnicc .sotile: witli this they weigh amber, corall, nuiskc, ambrncan,
1 iiici, and other line wares.

Tiifii- is al«o another sort of weight called Mangiallino, which i> ,'» maiiies ol' Venice weight
,;ail ihercwitli they weigh diamaiits and otlier ioweis.

Note that in (ioa they \se not to abate any t.ire of any gootis, c\.'cpt of sacks or wraps.
Si therfore it rcipiircth great aduisement in buying of tiie goods, cspcciallv in the icuskc
" fartaria which conimcth by way of China in bladders, and sfi weigh it \>iiiioiit any tare

401)

Nolf tint 4
roud nok n
q\]ilil.ill.

rcliating.

flic measure of (lo.i is called a tixle, which eiureascll

Music ofl
tlur tiv V' >
of O-M-i-

Mill tlie nicasiuv of Habylon &

liaUara after ilie rate of 17 iV one eight jiart by the l(X), so that briiiL'ing KM) |)ikes' ol' any
measurable ware from thence to (ioa, it is found 117 pikes 7 eight pail^. aiul bringing KH)
Cities from Ormuz to Ci<'a, there is found but !>.'{ cculc and "nt fourih part,
VOL. II. J a There

i'\

" I.

^^ ilk I

n \ ^ ' I

'■ '

\<n

s,u

'< •-

.v,S

•• ^I'-fit'l

I >i

.1 'Jtvll .tiify. J

4U)

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

.1/. mil. Barret.

There is also the varc in Goa, which is iust as the varc orOrmiiz, and therewith they mea-
sure onely things thai arc of small value.

For the inony of Goa, there is a kind of mony made of lead and tin mingled, beinpthiciie
and round, and stamped on llie one >ide with the sphcare or >;lol)eof the world, and on the
other side two arrowes & .') rounds: and this kind of mony is called Hasamchi, and 1,'j ol' tlu-sc
niake a vinton of naughty mony, and .j xintons make a lanj^a, and 4vintcn3s make a taiMa „(
base money: so that the tanga of l)ase mony is (iO ba^aruchics, and the tanga dl' (jooil nuniv
''5 basaruchies, & b tan^as make a scraphine of <;old, which in marchandi/e is wonli ■)
(auiiasgood monev: but if one would change them into basaruchies, he may haue 5 laniia-,
and l(i basaruchies, \Nhich oiierplus they cal cerafagio, ^: when the\ bargain of the pard.nv
of gold, each pardaw is meni to be (i langas good mony, I)nt in marchandize they vsc not i,i
demauiul pardawes of goKl in (Joa, except it Ije lor iewels and iiorscs, I'or all the rest ihcv
takv of serajihins of silucr, per aduiso.

The roials of plate, 1 vay, liic roial of 8 arc woriii per cu-^lnme iS; commandemeni of tlir
king (i| I'lirlugall 40() reie-;, and cucry rcy i-; one baxiutichic iV one Imirlh part, wliidi nial.oii
tangas (', aiul .'>.'{ basaruchies ;w llicir iii-t \aluc, but for that tlie s;iid roials are e\ccl!ciii sn.
ucr aid currant in diners plaic-^ nl the India, and cliielU in Malaci a, wli'' llie ships are to d,'.
part at iheirdue times (calieil Mon-ons) cnery one to haue the said nials jiay more then ihc,
arc w. rlh, & the oucr|)lus, as is alxnu'said they cail sendagio. And (irst ihev giue v w-\
value of the I0() n iaU of S. at I) langas ,")() basaruchies a pie. e, wiiich do'C, lliev I'.ine «or.-
piiins ."),<), 7, S, M, 1(1. \'2, 1."), \nliil 'i'i by the |(H>, according as iliev are in re(|nest.

The diu kal of g<dd is worth '.) langas .md a li.dle goml nuinev, ;ind vet not siahli- in jiriu
for tiiat when l!ie ships de|)arl from (ioa In Cochin, llic\ p i\ them al 'J tangas and o luiin
partes, and 10 langas, and thai is the most thai ihev arc woorlh.

file larincs are wourlli l)v iiwl \alue basaruchies '.).> and .'J fourth ]>ar|s, and 1 lariiU's m ,,,
a seraphine of sillier, wlii( h is ,) langas nf goi d mniicy, and liusf also luiue scrafagnai
(>, 7, S. U), vnlil it). In ihe lHO, fur when liie sliips depart lor the Noitli, to sav, for('i:i '.
Diu, ("anibaia, or Hass.iim, all cary (>f the same, bei:ni-i' it is moni'v more lurranl liicii .
other.

'J'here is also a son of seraphins of g.il 1 of ihc siani|ic dl Ormn/, whcrccil'lherc are luil Icu'
in Goa, Inil being there, iIh'x arc wo, rth line l.irini s .uuI sonu'wiial mere, aci orJing as ilu
are in recpiest.

There is also ancjllur lille sort of monv, nmnd, haning on the one si<U' a crussr, and on ihi'
olluTside ,1 crowiu", whi( li is woorlh one lialfe a tanga of goml moncv . ami :niotluT i I liii'
sameslampe le-sc than thai whi( h they i.ili lmii.no de Inioiia moneda, whii his worth ISh.i- -
ruches ,'i fourth parts a piece.

Note ih.it if a man bargaine in m irchandi/c, ii behoouelh to demaiind langas of good m--
ney : for by nominating ia):gas onely, is \ nderstood lo he base money of (»(( basaruches, wi.i, ii
wanlclh of llie good monev \t supra.

The cu^tome if CJi a is h in the UK) inward, and as much outward, and ihe goo<|M are csiccin
cd iustl\ rather to the marclianis adii.urage then the kings. The custonie ihev pav ni il .
order. Comming with a ship fr in Oni.uz totiia wilin ul horses, ihev pav h in the 1(0
whether they sell p.irt or all, but if the;, would carie of the sa\d marcli.iiuiise to anv cllur
place, they pav none other cstome, evcept others bu\ il .uid carie il foorlh of the con: trcv,
and thi-n lhc\ pa\ il S in the l( (). .\nd ildne h.auing p:iied the ciislonie should sell to aiKilhtr
with coinpo^iiion to ])assc it forth as lor his proper aidiunls to sauc the custonie, this may iv t
be, because the seller is put lo his oih, wluiher he send the goods for his owne acconiil, orlir
the account of anv others that haue bought the same, and being found to ihe conlnnv,
they pay cuslome as aboue-aid. .\nd in this order the man hauls pa\ of all the goods wliiiii
come from any ])arl of the Iiulies. I'.ut if lliev come from Ormn/ to (Ioa with horses, ihcv irc
not subiec I 1(1 pav an\ i iislmne inw.nd, !iolw!thstanding il they send all or any p.irl tlierci t'
for any other plate, or returne it lo Onuu/, ihev pay the euslomc oulwaril, although iluy
fould not -ell.

They

K: ,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

.1/. Wilt. IJarrct.

The)' vsc aNo in Ooa amongst tlic common nort to bargaine for coales, wood, lime Sc such
liiif, also many brajvanincs, accouiilin,!;; '24 hasaruclics lor one brajjanine, albeit thcrt- is no
;;iifh mony stamped. The cuslomc of the Portiij^ais is, that any Moore or Gentile, of what
loiulitiun or state soeiier lie be, may not depart from Goa to go within the land, without licence
(if rerlaine ile])iiiies deputed lor that ofTice, who (if they l)e Moorcs or Gentiles) doe set a
scale vpon thearme, hauing thereon the anncs of Portugal, to be knowcn of the porters of
ihe I ilic, whether they haiie the said licence or no.

COCHIN.

Tli.e weight, measure, and money, currant in Cochin.

AI.l tlie marcliaiulise which they sell or buy within the sayd citie, they bargaine for it at so
in.iMv serjlines per quintal, which is I'iH rolilos of iuNt weight with y quintall ik rotilo of Goa
aiul Ormu/: aiucrti'.ing that there arc diuers sorts of bars according to the sorts of commo-
iliiies and in ir.iUKiuiiig, tiiey reason at so much the bar. Note that there are bars of,'} quiii-
t.iU \ ;{ quii'iajs and lialfe, and I (piinials. 'fhey abate a vsed tare of all niarchandize, ac-
cording to the sort iif goods, and order taken for the same.

The measure ofCJoa and Cochin are all one.

'fhe nione\ ol Ci.t hin are all the same sorts which arc currant in Goa, but the duckat of gold
in \ahie is 10 lan^as of good moius'.

'J'lie cu-tonie ol Cdchin aswel inward as outward for all strangers, is eight in the hundred,
but tho>e that h;uie bene married fourc yeerc in the countrey pay but foure in the hundred,
per aduiso.

MALACCA.

'fhe weight, mcasme and monev of Malacca.

lOr the mar( hanilise bought and so'd in the citie they reckon at so much the barrr, which
ii.irre is of diuers >iirls, great and small, accoriliug to the ancient cnstome of the said citie.
\ (liuersitie of ihe go<ids. I5iit for the chines ihev bargaine at so much the barre, which
I'.Tric is .'{ (piinlals, "i roues and II) rotili^. .\s I haue aboucsaid, all kind of drugs haue
their sorts <i| bani-- limited. Note that eiiery quitital i.. i roues, atid eiiery roue H2 rotilos,
wWuU is I'iS rotilos the (|iiiiil.ill, the which atiswerelh to .Meppo It.'^i rotilos, and to London
\''l li. per (piiiital.

■fhe incisures nf M.ilacca are a-, the measures of Goa. In Malacca ihev abate tare accord-
ing to their distinction and auieement, for that there is no iust tare limited.

Ti.r the mone\ of Mal:i< ca, the least money curratit is of tinnc stain|)ed with the amies of
rortiij',;ill, and I'inf these make .i Cha/za.

The Chaz/a is aNo of tiiine with the s;iid amies, and 'l. of these make a challaiiie.

'I he {'hail.iiiie is of tiime with the said arnie-, and -JO of these make a tatiga of (loa good
miMicv, but iiiit stamped in .NLilacia.

ThciT is also a sort of sihicr iiionc\ whiih tlvv call Patachincs, and is worth !> tangas of
i^ood nionev, which i- .'i*>0 reyes, and is >t.imped with two letters, S. T. which is S. Thomas
(.11 the one siile, and the amies of Poituuail on the other side.

There is also a kind of inony cilled Cru/ados stamped with the armes of I'orlugall, & is
i.crlh li tangas good monv, the lariiies arc euerv 'J of them worth 'i cru/.ados, which
i> I'i langas gooil monev, and these larines be of those which are stamped in Balsara
;iml Orimi/.

The roi.il, of S lhe\ call I'ardaos de lieales, and arc wi nil 7 tangas of good monev.

'fhe t ustome of Mal.n i a is 10 in the KM) a- wel iiu> ivl as outward, and those which pay
ilie (ustome inward'-, if in case tliev send the same goo<ls (ot atiy other place within tcrme
'la vcere and a dav, pav no custome for the same.

;i C; 'i A note

411

k,^'- \ '

'f.ii

r fii

412

•Or,^y^^leCa
meUbuideii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Whence drugs come.

A note of charges from Aleppo to Goa, as folowetli.

FOr camels from Aleppo to Birrha.

For mules from Aleppo to Birrhaj

For cuslomc at Birrha,

For Aiinnia of the Cady at Birrha,

For 4 (iishcs raisins, and 20 jxnnuls sope,

For a j)resfnt to the Krmiiic the siimnu' of

For a barkc of HO or 3b sommcs. Due. (lO is

For meat for llie men the summc of

For ciistome at Hacca the siimmc of

Medines 60 per * sommc.
mcd. 4.''». jier somme.
med. 10. per somme,
ined. '2U0,
med. 'Jh.
med. 4(M).

med. yitJO. per barke.
med. 'i{X>.

med. li. ])er somme.

For 3 platters of raisins, and 15 pounds of sope, med. 2.").

Forcustome to kiriK Aborissei, Due. ;iO. is ' '-'"'

For custonie at l>ea the sumnie of

For 4 dishes raisins, and 'iO. jHiunds of sope.

For rustome at Bosara, the suninic of

Fit 'J dishes ra'sins, and 10 pound of sope.

For cMsidnu' in Anna, in 10 (ler suinnie,

Fur 4 dishes of raisins, and ij() p'und of s'-pc.

For cn-t(ime in .\dite, medines 10 per l-arke,

For 2 dishes raisins, and 10 pound of sope,

For ru«toinc at (Jwekc,

For "i dishes rai-ins, and 20 pound of sope,

For rustome in I«t,

For 4 platters raisins, .nnd 20 poand of sope,

Charf;es of j)resents at Fi iupia,

F'nr laniils from Feluijia to Babvlon,

For customc in B.ibylon, as in the booke appeareth.

For a barke from Haln Inn to Balsara,

For custome of small wares, at C'ortio,

Forcustome of clothes at ("orno, the siimme of

For .'1 dishes raisins, and 'iO pound of sope, nn-u. .m.

For fraipht from Balsara to Ormus, acconlin!; to the prealnesse, as in this booke appearetli

For riisiomr in Ormus, as is abouesaid in this bonke.

For frai^^ht from Ormus to Goa, as is in thi'^ booke shewed.

For custome in Goa, as is abouesaid.

A der laration of the places friini whciirc the ponds subsrribed doe come

CLoucs, froiTi Nfaluco, Tarcnate, Amboina,

by way af laua.
Nutmefjs, from Bands

med. WH).

med. 'i'.iO. per barke.

med. :i'.f.

med. 10. per barke.

med. 17.

med. 10. per sommc.

mcd. Jb.

med. 10. per barke.

med. 17.

med. 10. per barke.

med. 17.

med 10 per sommc.

med. .'{.'».

med ;<0.

med. ;iO per sommc,

mrd. «H10.

med. 20. per sommc.
med. per sommc.
med. 2t>.

Maces from Banda, laua, and Malacra.
Pepper Gawrie, fri>Hi Cochi:i.
Pepper com, t. on from .\lalabir.
Sinnamnn, fr >m Scilan.
Tinne, I'rom Malacca.
Sandals wilde, from Cochin.
Sandales domoMck, from .NIalacca.
Verzini, from S. Thomas, and from China
Spicknard, from Zindi, and Labor.
Quicksiliier, from China

(linper Belledin, from the Countrie within

Cambaia.
(i'iiij,'er Sorallin, from Sorat within Cambai.n.
Ginjjer Mordassi, fro Mordas Within Cambaia.
(Jihffer Meckin, from Mecca.
Miral)olans of all sorts, from Cambaia.
While sucket from Ziiidi, Cambaia and China.
Conunia, from diuers places of India.
Coi-all of Leuat-,t, from Malabar.
Chomin, from Balsara.
Kequitria, from .\rabia Felix,
(iarl.le of Nntmejjs from Banda.
Sa! .Anr.oniacke, from J^indi and Cambaia.

Galls, from Cambaia, Bentrala, Lstria & Svria. Zedonri, from diuers places of India
Ginger Dabulin, from Dabui. Cubeb, from Chitia

Amomiiin,

Vhcnce drugs come.

Whence drugs come.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

i\i

is bookc npppareth

Amomum, from Cliina.

Cainphon, from Brimco necrc to China.

Myrrha, from Arabia Felix.

t'osto dulie, from Zindi, and Cambaia.

Bor.i/.<), from Canihaia, and Lalior.

A'.i fclida, from Lilior.

\V:ixi', fnmi Bcnjjiila.

.Scragni, from IVrsia

Cnssia, frum Cambaia, and from Gran Cayro.

Sinrax calamita, from Rhodes, to say, from A'
ncda, and Cincmario within Car-mania.

Sli>r:i\ li(|ui(h), from Khoilcs.

Tiitia, from I't-rsia.

Cagirrs, from Malabar, and Maldiua.

Uiiuia to dip witli ill, from Chalan<;i.

Ahimme di Kocra, from Ciiina, and Constan-
linnple.

Chopra, from Cochin and .Malabar.

Oppopanav, from I'er'.ia.

ljj;iium AKics, from Cochin, China, and Ma-
lacca.
Dcmnar, from Siacca and Blinton.
dalanga?, from China, Chaiil, Cioa, &

Lacclia, f- in I'onu, and lialaguatc.

Carabbo. Ii' ■• Ahnanio,

Coloqm ' ' ' 11 Cyprus.

Aparici .• n ilcmania.

Scamonei .1 Syria, and Persia.

IWcllium, from Aral)ia fclix, and Mecca.

C.irdainiimum >niall, from Barcelona.

Cardainomiiin fjrcat. from iiengala.

Taniarinda, from Bals.Tra.

,Mi c Setiitriiia, from Sei utra.

Aloe Kpatica, from I'at.

Safran, (rom Bal-^ara, and Persia.

Lijzniim dc (^hina, from Ciiina.

lihapontiriun, from IVrsia, and Pngia.

Tliii-i, from Seciitra.

Tiirhith, from Din, and Canib.iia.

Niiti ol' India, from Ooa, and other places of
India.

NdX vomica, from Malabar.

S:int;iiis Draconis, from Secutra.

Armoni.iijo, from Per-ia.

S|)c dio di ("ana, from Cochin.

^iarJ;araIina, from Bala;{uate.

Miiske from Tartarie, by way of China.

Amiirachan, from Melinde, and Mosambique.
Indico, from Zindi and Cambaia.
Siikeif fine, from China.
Long pepper, from Bcngala and Malacca.
Latton, from China.
Momia, from the great Cayro.
Belzuinum Mandolalo, from Sian, and Barosi,
Belzuinum burned, from Bonnia.
Castorium, from Almania.
Corallina, from the red sea.
Masticke, from Sio.
Mella, from Romania.
Oppium, from Pugia, and Cambaia.
Calamus Aromalicus, from Constantinople.
Capari, from .Mexandria and other places.
Dates, from Arabia felix, and Alexandria.
Diciamnum album, from Lombardia.
Draganti, from Morea.
Eiiphorbium, from Barharia.
Epifhymum,.from Candia.
Sena, from Mecca.
Gumme Arabike, from ZafTo.
Cochin. Grana, from Coronto,

Ladanum, from Cyprus and Candia.

Lapis la/.zudis, from Persia.

Lapis Ziidassi, from ZalTeltn.

Lapis Spimgij is found in >ponges.

Lapis Hu-matites, from AInianie.

Manna, from Persia.

Auripigmentum, from manic places of Tur-

kie.
Pilatro, from Barbaria.
Pistaches, from Doria.
Worme-.seede, from Persia.
Stmiack, from Cyprus.
Sebesten, from Cyprus.
Galbanum from Persia.
Dente d'Abolio, from Melinde, and Mosam-

bique.
Foliiun Indicum, from Goa, and Cochin.
Diaspriim viride, from Cambaia.
Pefra Bezzuar, from Tartaria.
Sarcacolla, from Persia.
Mclleghcte, from the West p.nrts.
Sngodi Rcquillicie, from Arabia felix.
Chochenillo, from the West India.

Rubarbe, from Persi.i, and Ciiina.

The times or .seasonable windes called Monsons, wherein the ships depart from place

to place in the East Indies.

NOtc, that the Cilie of Goa is the priiuipall place of all the Orientall India, and the win-
ter there beginncth the 15 of May with very great rainc, and so continueth till the first of
August, so that during that space, no shippe can passe oucr the barrc of Goa, because through

the

II. 'I,'

'^1 1^

' « ll^'

414

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

The Monsonn

ihe conliniiall shoiircs of raine all the sandes ioync t<i<;ctlicr ncerc vnto amoiintaine called
Ogliaiic, and all these sandes being ioyned together, runne info the shoalcs of the barrc and
j)(irt of Goa, and can haiie no other i-sup, but to remaine in that jiort, and therefore it is shut
\ p vntill the first of August, but at the 10 of August it openeth by reason of the raine which
ccaseth, and the sea doclh then scoure the sands away againe.

The inonson from Goa to the Northward, to say, for Chaul, Diu, Cambaia, Daman,

Basnim, and other places.

The ships depart betwixt the tenth and 24 of August, for the Northward places aboucsnvdc,
and to these places they may saile all times of the yeere, except in the winter, which bpi^ii,.
nelh and eiideth at the times aboucsaid.

The monson from the North parts, fcir Goa.

The ships depart from Chaul, Diu, Cambaia, and otiier places Northwards for Goa, bclwi\i

the H and li"> of lanuarie, and come to Goa about the end of l'ebru;irie.

The (ir>t monson (u m Diu for the straight of Mecca.

The ships depart from Diu about the 15 of lanuarie, and relume from the straights to l)i i

in tl'.e nionclh of August.

'I'he second monson fnmi Diu for (he straight of Mecca,
'file ships depart betwixt the 2J and (irst of September, and returne fiom the straiglii, i,,
Diu, the lirst and l."* of May.

The monson from Secutra for Orinus.
I'he ships tlepart about llie tenth of August for Ormus: albeit Secutra is an Hand and li.ii!i
but few >iii|)s, which dcpirt as abouesaid.

The monson wherein the Moores of the firme land come to (ioa.
About the tirtcciuh of .September the \foores of the (irme lande beginne to come to (I •
and thcv come from all parts, as well from Balaguatc, Be/encgar, as also from Sudalcan, ,iri!
other places.

The mon.son wherein the Moores of tiie firme land de|)nrt from (ioa.
They depart froni (ioa betwixt the It) and l.'i day of Nouember. Note that hv goini; f ■
till' North is ment the deparliMg from {J.a, for ("haul, Diu, C'.unbai.i, Daman, Ba^iaim, (iiia<«,ii;)
.mil other |)la<es i lUd Ziiuli : ai.d I)\ the South is \ r.deiMocKl, departing Irom (ioa, forCcdii".
and all that C(>a>t \nto Cape Couiori.

The first monson from (ioa for Oiniiis.
The shi|>pe'< depart in tlie moneli. < I' October from (ioa, lor Ormus pa^^ing with l",a>Ur!>
windes along the coa>l ni' I'ersia.

Tiie second monson fri-m (ica to Ormus.
The ships depart about the 'iO of lanuarie |)assing by the like nauigation and windes as in tic
lirst monson, and this is called of the I'ortiigals and Indians tntrenumson.
Tlie tiiird monson from (ioa to Ormus.
Tlie ships depart bel\\i\t tlu'i.) (jI March, and (5 of .Vprill. haulng r,a<tci!v windes, till ilin
])n-.e Secutra, and then they lin<l \\<'steil\ windes, and tiurefore ihev -i t th( ir i oursc li.ii r
for iheicaM of .\ral)ia, till they tome to Cape lui^algate .iiul tlie Strai^ilit of Ormus, ami tin-
monson i> most troubiesoiiie of all : for the\ mai\e two i auigations in tiie heiglh of Sc\laii,
wiiicii i> (i degrees aiul somewhat lower.

The lirst nuuison from Ormus for Chaul aiul (ioa.
The ships de|)art from Ormus for Chaul, and Goa in the moneth of September, \>ith Ni ri!i
and NiTlheasf windes.

The second monson from Ornuis for Chaul and (ioa.
The sec(>nd monson is betwixt the line ami twenlie and last of Dei ember, with like wind-
as the former monson.

Tiie third monson from Ormus for Chaul and (ioa
■flic third monson liie ships depart from Ornnis, lor Chaul and Goa, betwixt the first and
l.j. of April, and they .sailc with .Southeast windes, East and Northeast windes, coasting vpun

ihc

is;in Ihinil and lt,ii!i

M. William Barret. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 415

the Ar ibia side from Cape Mosandon vnto Cape Rasalgate, and hailing lost the sight of Cape
Kasalgate, they haue Westerly windcs, and so come for Chaiil and Goa, and if the said ships
depart not before the 25 of April, they are not then to depart that moiison, but to winter in
Ormus because of the winter.

The first monson from Ormus for Zindi.
The ships depart for Ormus betwixt the 15 and 20 of Aprill.

The second monson from Ormus for Zindi.
The ships depart betwixt the 10 and 'iO if October for Zindi from Ormus.

Tlie monson from Ormus for the red sea.
The ships depart from Ormus betwixt the first and last of lanuaric.

Hitherto I hni'.e noted the monsons of the ships departing from Goa to the North-
ward : Now follow the monsons wherein the ships depart from Goa to the South-
ward.

TIic inon-ion from Goa for Calicut, Cochin, Scilan, and all that coast.

Tile ship-i depart from those pKicos betwixt the I and 15 of August, and there they find
it nauigahle all the yeere except in the winter, which continueth as is aforesayd, from the 15 Note. *
of May till the 10 of ,\uiru^t. In like niancr the ships come from these places for Goa at
ciiory time in the veerc cvcept in the winter, but of ail other the best time is to coire in
Noi. ember, December and laiuiary

The fir^t monson from Goa, for Pegii.
The sliiiK depart from (ioa, lictwixt the 15 and 20 of April, and winter at S. Thomas, and
after the .'» of .Aiiijust, tliey <lepart from S. Tiioinas for Pegu.

The secnnd monson from Goa for Peiju.
The sjiipt ilcp:\rt from (ioa heiwixt the S and 21 of August, going straight for Pegu, and
if tin \ pa—e tlie 24 of .August, ihcy ciinnot pas>e that monson, neither is there any more
miMisoTis lill .April :is is aloroaiil. Note that the chielc>t trade is to take money of S. Thomas M„f|,,„,||,j
ri.ils, aiiil p.ilerhoiii, and to goe to S. Tliomas, and there to buy Tellami, which is line cloth to.iiior 1V£U.
of India, wIii'mmI' liicic is great (|iiantiiic made in C'oromandel, and brought thither, and
( tluT ni.iri liaiidise .in- not good lor ilial place except some dozen of very I'aire Eincraulds
cricntall. Tor of golile, sillier, .mid Kiibies, there is sufficient store in Pegu,

ilie mon-on from Pegu for the Indies.
Tlic -hips depart from Pegu betwixt the 15 and 2."> of laiuiarie, and come to Goa about
ilu- 2.1 if .March, or in llie liegiiining of April. Note, that if it passe the 10 of May lie-
IdiT the savdc nliips lie arriiu'd ill Goa, the\ cannot come thilhcr that monson, and if thev
liane not ilien let ilie coa-t of India, they sliall with great perill fetch S. Thomas.
The lir>t moii«on from (r a li r .Malacca.
Tic ships depart betwixt the 15 and l.i^t of .September, and arriuc in .Malacca about the
ciiil of Oeli bcr.

riic scC'iul monson I'rom Goa to Malacca.
The ships depart about the 5 of .May from Goa, and arriiie in Malacca about the 15 of
Iiine.

The first mon-on IVorn Malacca to Go.i.
The ships depart .about the l(t of September, and come to (ioa about the end of Oc lober.

The sei ond moii-on i'r m M.ilac ea to Goa.
The ships depart from M.il.icca abi lit the 10 of Pebriiarv, and come to Goa about the end
of March. Hut if the siid ship- should siav till the 10 of Ma\. they cannot enter into (ioji,
and if at that lime also they -hciuld not 'e arriued at Cochin, they are forced to retiirne to
.Malacca, because the winter ar.d contrary windis then come \pon them.

The monson f'n m (io' tor China.
The ships depart from Goa in the moiieth of April.

The

1 1

.J 'M

'-.f :1

.141

'jv^. 'tV'^

11 m '

J; ' , k(P

■ii.ltr '

t# lll:r

^'rtfM' In
■ ' iw tl'i U !

-IK)

NulC.

N.^ir.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. William Barret.

The moiison from China for Goa.

The '^hips depart to be the 10 of May in Goa, and beinp; not then arriued, thcv funic
baciic to Cochin, and if they cannot fetch Cochin, they rcturnr to Malacca.
The monson from Goa to the Mohiccaes.

The ships depart about the 10 or 15 of May, which time being past, the shippes can not
pas^ic oner tlie barrc of Goa for the cause abouesaid.

The nionson of the ships of the Moliiccaes arriuall in Goa.

The ships which come from the Moliiccaes arriue vpon the bar of Goa about the 15. of
April.

The nioiisoiis of tiie Portingall slups for the Indie.n.

The ships which come from Portiin;ill depart thence ordinarily betwixt the tenth iS: (if.
fecnth of March, comming the straigiu way during the moncth of luly to the coast of ,\Ii..
linde, and .Mosambicpie, and from thence goe straight for (ioa, and if in the moneth of lulv
thov >hoiild not be at the roa^t of Mclinde, they can in no ivisc that yeere fetch Mclindc,
but rcltiriic to the Isle of .Saiiil IleJenn, and so are not al)le, that time being past, to rfi( h
the cii.i-t of India, and to conic straight for Goa. Tiu'rcfore (as is abouesaid) tlicv rctiiin,.
to i!ic Khind of Saint Helena, and if ihey cannot make the said Island, then ihev riiiiiic ;s
lost xpoM till" coast of Guinea: but if (ho u.ijd ships be arriued in lime vpon the coast of M,.
linde, they set forwardes for (ina, and if by tiie fifteenth of .September they cannot IViih
(ioa, ihey then goe for Cochin, but if they see they cannot fetch Cochin, tliey rcturnc 1 1
-Mosanibiipie to winter there vpon the sayd coast. .Mbeit in the veere of oin- Lord l.'iHI
then' arriued the ship railed .San Lorenzo, being wonderfull sorr sea-beaten, llie eight i,
October, which was accounted as a myracle for that the like had not bcene scene before.

'fhe mon-ion from India for Portiigall.

The -Iiippcs depart fr(>ni Codiin beiweenr the (ifteenth and la>.t of lanuary, going on i!!;
thev hane sight of Capo de buona spcran/a, and the Isle of Saint Helena, wlii( li Nlandr i,
alioiit the midwav, lieing in si\teene degrees to the South. And it is a litle Nlaiid hcii
fruilfull of all things which a man ran imagine, with great sli.re of fruit: and lhi^. Isl.iiiil ;,
a great succour to llie shi|)ping \>liiih retiirne for rortugall. And not long since the s.ij !
Island was fciuul bv the I'oriuj;ales, and was di>rouered by a^hippe that (anie from the Indie,
in a great slorme, in which they foinid such abinidance of wilde lieasles, ;ind hoares, and.i'l
sort vf friiite, that by nu ancs ilicree f that ])oore shipwhi<-li had heene foure moneilis ;ii >,!.
nlrohcd llicin-iiiics both with water and nieate verv well, and lliir, Nhuul thev (allid s
Helena, becnu'-e it wis discducrcd vpon S. Helens dav A;iil \ ndoul)te(llv this Isj.iiui i, ,i
'.reat snci our, and so great an ayde to the ships of l»iirtui;all, that riKuiv would -urel\ pcri-'i
it' that lul[ie wanted And llierclore the king of I'drliiuall imised a Cluir( h to he ni:idc ifn n
lor <lc':i'ti(in of S. Ihlena: where tliere are oneiv resident I-,reniits, and ail other arc I. ;-
liidileu to iiihal)ite there hv the kini;s i onimaii'idcment, to the ende that the ships nM\ Ic
the more ■.ulhciently lurni-hed with victuaU, because the ships which (<ime Im Iiuli.ifomr
hut sicnderlv victualled, bcc.m-e thi re groweth no corue tiiere, neither in;ike thev any wine
but the sliips which come from Portiigall to tlie Indies toiicli not in the s:i\(l Island, becnM-
thev set out heiiiu sudii icullv furni-Iied with bread and water from Porlii^nll fur ei^ht iiin-
ntths vov;ig(' Am otli( r propic tiicn the two I.reinites abouesaid, c.iunut iuhahile tliis
1-1 iiul, except some sicke uuiii that ni:iv be -et there a sjure to reniaine in the I'.rcmiles kjiu-
paiiie, I' r his liel|)e and ri'inuerv.

The inoiison Iroin (ioa to M- -:iinl)i(iue.

fhe ships depart betwixt the 10 and IT) of lanuane

The monsoii Iroin McKaiobiqiie to (ioa.

Ti;e ships depart betweene the S and last of Au^n-t, an<l arriue in Cliaul or (Joa in tlif
ir iiuth (.1 October, till the lit of Ni iiember

The mousoii from Oriiuis to lieugala

The -hip. depart betwixt tlie 1.) and '>() of luiic', and goe to winter :it 'feiie and dcpiut
theliLe about the Ij of .\uL;u>t for Dciii^al.i.

The

■i(^\/i^

.'A ,

William Barrcf.

M. lohn Euesham.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

417

The voyage passed by sea in'o Acgypt, by lohn Euesham Gentleman. Anno 1586.

Tile 5 of Dorembcr 1586 wc departed from Grauesend in the Tiger of London, wherciit
was Ma-itcr vndcr God for the voyngc Robert Rickman, and the 21. day at night we came to
the Isle of Wight : departing from thence in the morning following we had a fpire winde, so
(hnt nn the '27 day wee came in sight of the rocke of Lisbone, and so sayling along we came
in sight of the South Cape, the 2'J of the same, and on the morrowe with a Westerly winde
we cnfrcd the straights : and the second of lanuary being as high w? Cape de Gate, we de-
parted from our flcetc towards Argicr. And the 4 day we arriued at the port of Argicr afore-
said, where we staled till the first of March. At whidi time we set saile toward^ a place called
Tunis, to the Eastward of Argicr 1(X) league icre we arriued the 8 of the same. This t.„„;,_
Tunis is a small citie vp 12 miles from the sc.i, uid at the port or rode where shipping doe
ride, is a castle or fort called Goletta, sometimes in the handes of the Christians, but now of
the Turkcs ; at wliich pKicc we remained till the third of Aprill : at which time wee set saile
towardcs Alexandria, and hailing sometime faire windes, sometime contrary, we passed on
the 12 dav bctwccnc Sicilia and Nfalta (where neere adioyning hath beene the fort and
holdc of the knights of the Rhodes) and so the 1!) day we fell with the Isle of Candy, and
from (hence to Alexandria, where wc arriued the 27 of April, and there continued till the 5
of October.

The said citic of Alexandria is an ( >ld thing decayed or ruinated, hauing bene a faire and great Th« d««i|>iior»
citie neere two miles in length, being all vauted vnderneath for prouision of fresh water, of AUundiii.
whirh water cdmmcih thither but once euery ycerc, out of one of the foure riuers of paradise
(as it is termed) called Niiiis, which in .September floweth neere eighteenc foote vpright
higher then his arcustomed manner, and so the bankc being cut, as it were a sluce, about
tliirtv miles from .Mcxaiidria, at a towiie called Rossctio, it doth so come to the saide Citie,
with such aboundance, that barkcs of tweliic tunnc doe come vpon the same water, which
water doth fill all the vaiits, cesiernes, and wcis in the said Citic, with very good water, and
doth so conliiiuc fjood, till the next ycerc following: for they haue there very litle raine or
none at all, yet haue they exceeding great dcwes, Also they haue very good come, and very
pleniifiill : all the Counlrey is very hot, especially in the moneths of August, September,
aiul October. \Uo within the saide Citic there is a pillar of Marble, called by the Turkes,
Kill" I'haraoes needle, iV it is foure square, cucry square is Iwelite foote, and it is in height
'.H) foote. Also there is without the walsof the said Citie, about twentie score paces, another
niarl)Ie pillar, being round, called Pompey his pillar : this pillar standcth vpon a great square
<tone, euery square is (ifteenc f.ioie, and the same stone is tiftcene foote high, and the com-
o.isse of the pillar is .'{? foote, and the heigth of it is 101 feete, which is a wonder to thinke
how eucr it was ])ossil>le to set the said pillar vpon the said square stone. The port of the
said Citic is strongly fortificil with two strong Castles, and one other Castle within the citie,
bein" all very \*ell planted with munition: and there is to the Eastward of this Citie, about
iliree daycs iourney the citie of (irand Cayro, otherwise called Memphis: it hath in it by c.yr.'.
report of the rej;isters bookes which we did .see, to the number of 2400 Churches, and is won-
derfully populou'', and is one dayes iourney about the wals, which was iourneycd by one of
1 ur .\Iarriners for triall thereof Also neere to the saide citie there is a place called the
l'\r;iiuides, being as I may well tcrme it, one of the nine wonders of the world: that is,.
Miien seucrall places of flint and marble stone, foure s<iiiare, the wals thereof arc seuen
\ar(ls thickc in those places that we did see: the squarencs is in length about twentie score
tucrv square, being built as it were a pointed diamond, bro.ad at the foote, and sjnall or
narrow at the loppe : the heigth of them, to our iudgemcnt, doth surmount twisc the heigth
of I'aules steeple : within the saide I'yramidcs, no man doth know what there is, for that
thev haue no entrance but in the one of them, there is a hole where the wall is broken, and
so we went in there, hauing torch-light with \s, for that it hath no light to it, and within
the same, is .as it were a great hall, in the which there is a costly tombe, which tombe they
s.^v, wa* made for king I'liarao in his life time, but he was not buried there, being drowned
vol.. II. •' n in

pi I

U;T!

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I lit iA 111'' "■

i ^ 'i ml

' ''i Kit

t .

r ff(

[^' i''

118

Cifthiff.

Ar?ifT.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Af. Laiir. AUUrseii.

ii) the rcil sea: also there are certaine vaiits or dungeons, which jroe downe vcric ilecpi:
Miller those Pyramides with faire staires, but no man dare venter to poe downe into thiin,
by reason that they cnn cary no li{;ht with them, for the (lam|)e of the earth doth put out tht-
light : the red sea is but three dayes iourney from this place, and lerusalein about scuen
dayes iourney from thence : but to returne to rayro. There is a ("astle wherein is the hou-^c
that Pharaoes wines were kept in, and in the I'allace or Court thereof standc T)."* marble pi|.
lars, in such order, as our Exchange standeth in London : the said pillars arc in hei<;th (iO
foiite, aiul in compa-ise Ii lootc: also in the said Cilie is the castle were loseph was in pri-
son, where to this day they put in rich men, when the king would haue any sumnu- of
money of them : there are seucn gates to the savd |)ris(in, and it goeth neerc liftie vanUs
downe right : also, the water that scrueth this castle, comincth nut of the foresaide riucr ol
Nilus, vpon a wall made with arches, (iuc miles long, and it is Iweluc foote ihicke. Al-o
there arc in old C'ayro two Monasteries, the one called S. (icorgcs, the other S. Maries: iV
in the Courts where the Churches be, was the house of king I'harao. I'l this Cilie is urcwi
store of marchandi/.e, especially pepper, and nutmegs, which come tiiitlier by land, out of
the East India : and it is very plentifnil of all miuier of victuals, especi;illy of bread, rooic>,
and hearbcs ; to the Eastwards of Cayro, there is a Well, line miles nli', called Matri.i, and
as tiicv say, when the Virgin Marie lied from Bi-lhleem, and c.une into .Egvpt, and licin^
there, had neither \vater, nor any other thing to susiaine them, bv t!ie prouiilonce of (Jod,
an Augell came from heauen, and strake the gro\in<l wiili his \viMg^, where picscnily i-sucd
out a fountaiue of wafer: and the wall did open wlicre tin- l-raelites diil hiile tluMnschu^,
which fuuutaine or well is walled foure sipiarc till this day. Also we were at an old Citic, M
ruinated and destroyed, called in olde time, the great Cilie td'CuiIuim- where n:uMiibal jnd
Qucene Dido dwelt: this Citie w.is but narrow, but \\:is \ei\ long; lor tliere was, and i^
yet to bee seene, one streete three mile long, to which Ciiic fresli \s.iicr «as brought vimii
arches (as afore) aboue y,") miles, of which ;irchcs >.omic are st.uidiiig to this (l,i\. Alxi wc
were at diners other places on the coast, as we came from Cayro, but of oilier anli<|iiitic.
we saw but few. The towiie of Argier which was our lir>i ami List port, \\iiliin the sirci^liN
standeth vpon the side of an hill, close \pon ihe sea shore : ii is \cr\ strong both bv sci ml
land, and it is very well victualed with all manner ol I'ruilcs, bread and (isli good store, ai,,|
very cheapc. It is inhabiied wiih Tiirkes, Moorcs, ami lewcs, and so are Ale\anilri.i ;in|
Cayro. In this towne are a great uutnluT of Christian capliues, wlicrof there are of English-
men onelv lifteene, from \\\\h\\ |)orl \*e sci sa\le low.irdes Eiigl.iml. the seueiiili nl
lanuarie, Anno l.jST, and the .'{(( day of ihc s.ivd mmielli, we arriued al Darlinoutli on ilu-
coast of England.

The second voyage of M. Laurence AKUtscv, to ihe Cities of .Mexnndria, and
Cavro ill .'\('|jypt. Anno L'>S().

I Embarked m\ selfe at Hristoll, in tlir llcniiles, a good ship of London, and set saile ilu'
21 day of Februarie, about ten of the clocke in ihe morning, liauing a nierrv wiiule: hut
the 23 day, there arose a very great storine, and in the niids of ii we descried a small boatc
of the burden of ten tumies, with foure men in her, in very great danger, who calleda
maine for our helpe. Whereujxin our Master in:i<le lowardes them, and looke iliein into
our ship, and let the boate, which was laden with timber, and appertained to Chepstow, id
rnnne a drift. The same iiiglil :d)out midnighl arose another great storme, but the wiiulc
was large with vs, vntill the 27 of the same nioneih, which then grew somewhat conir.irv :
yet notwithstanding; wc held on our course, and the tenth das of March, we described ,i
saile about Ca|)e Sprat, which is a lille on this side the streight of (iibrallare, but we spake
not with her. The next <lay we described twelue saile more, with whom we ilu iighi
to haue spoken, to haue Icarneil what they were, but they made very fast away, and
we '.;aue them oner.

Thnrsdav the U] of Nfarch, wc had sight of the streighis, and of the coast of liar-

bnry. The 18 day we passed them, and sailed towards I'atras. Vpon the 'i.{ of .March, wo

__ inn

I.uur. AUkrwii.

wne vcric ilecpt;
owne into them,

(loth put out the
ItMn about seucn
rein '\* the house
Ic 55 marble pil-
arc ill hei«ih (iO
>scj)h >vas in pri-
uc any sumine of
iccrc liftic yanliN
foresaide riuer ol
)()te lhi(ke. Also
licr S. Maries : \-
tliis C'ilie is j;re:it
•r by land, out of

of l)reail, rooto.
eailed Matria, anil
.l!j{vpt, and bciii;;
rouidence of (icul,
e presently i'sucil
d hide iheniseliic-,
at an old Citie, all
liere Hannibal and
r tlu-re was, and i^
was brought vpim
liis da\ . Also We
111' nther anli<|iiiii('~
within the slreinlii.
\\>j both by sea nil
li«li ncod store, ai;il
are Alexandria an I
liere an- of Knj;li^h
d, the seuenih nl
I Dartmouth on tin-

ilevnndria, and

on, and set saile tho
a nierrv winde : hiii
s(ried a small boatc
anijjer, who called a
md totike them into
ned to Chepstow, la
irmo, but the windr
somewhat contrary :
arch, we described a
altare, but we spake
whom we ihiU',dii
very fast away, and

f the roast of Har-

the 'iJ of March, we

mci

M. Laur. Alderstij. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

419

met with the Conturinn of London which came from Genoa, by whom we sent letters to
Kngland, and the foure men also which we fooke in, vpon the coast of England, before-
mentioned.

The 29 of March we came to Golcta a small Hand, and had sight of two shippes, which ooien.
we indgcd to be of Kn^^hnd.

Tuesday the fourth of April, we were before Malta, and l)eing there becalmed, onrMjiu.
Maistcr caused the two ship boates to be had out, and they towed the ship, till wc were
out of si^ht of the Castle of Malta. The 9 day of April we came to Zantc, and being be- Zamr,
fore the towne, William Aldridge, seruant to M.ister Thomas Cordall of London, came
aboord us, with whom our Master and twelue more of our company, thought to haue gone
on shoare, but ihev could not be permitted: so we all came aboard againe, and went to
I'alras, where we arriued vpon good Friday, and lay there with good cntcrtaincment at the vmik.
Knglish house, where was ihe ("onsull Master Grimes, Halph Ashley, and lohn Doddington,
who verv kinclK went with vs, and shewed vs the i)leasurcs of the towne.

Ihcv brought vs to the house o!' the Cady, who was made then to vnderstand of the 20
Turks that wee had aboard, which were to goe to Constantinople, being redeemed out of
captniitic. In sir I'rancis Drake in the West lndie>, and brought with him into England, and
l)y order of the (lucenes Nfaiesiie sent now into their Countrcy. Whereupon the Cady
coinmaunded them to be brought before him, that he might see them ; and when he had
talked Willi them, and vnderstood howe strangely they were deliuered, he marueiled much,
and admired the (Jiircncs Maiestie of England, who being but a woman, is notwithstanding
of such power and renownr amongst all the princes of Christendome, with many other
lii)noiiral)le wordes oT commending her Maiestie. So he tooke the names of those 20. Turkes,
and recorded them in iheir great l)ookes, to remaine in perpetuall memory. After this, our
foresaid rountrevmen brought mee to the Chappcl of S. Andrew where his tombe or sepulchre
is, and the boord vpon which he was beheaded, which booni is now so rotten, that if any
man oiler to cut it. it lalleth to |iow(ler, yet I brought some of it away with me.

Vpon Tuesda\ in Easter weeke, wee set out towards Zante againe, and theSt. of April with
much adoe, wee were all jierinitted to come on shoare, and I was caricd to the English house
in /ante, where 1 was verv well entertained. The commodities of Zante arc Currants and
i)\ le: the situation of the Towne is vnder a very great hill, vpon which standeth a very strong
Castle, which commaundeth the Towne. .At Zante we tooke in a Captainc and Ifi. soiildiers,
\>iih other passengers. Wee departed from Zante vpon Tuesday the 15. of A|)ril, and the
next dav we ankered .it a small Hand, called Striualia, which is desolate of people, sauing asiiimiij.
i'l-we religious men, who entertained vs well, without taking anv money: but of courtesie
\ve bestowed somewhat vpon them for their maintenance, and then they gaue vs a couple of
leaiie sheeiie, which we caried aboord. The last day of Aprill, wee arriued at Candie, at a Ond.f.
Castle, called So\Klay, where wee set the Captaine, Souldiers, and •NLariners ashoare, which
wee tooke in at Zante, with all their carriage.

The second day of Mav wee set saile againe, and the fourth day came to the Islands of Milo, M>v-
where wc ankered, and louiul the people there very courteous, and tooke in such necessaries Miio,'m"ni'je
as we wanted. The Islands arc in my iudgement a hundred in number, and all within the'"""-'""'
(impasse id' a hundred miles. '■"" ""

The II. d,iv, the Chans, which is the greatest man there in •"."♦horilie, for certaine of-
feiii.es done in a little Chaj)pell bv the water side, which they .saide one of our shippe had
done, and imputed it to mee, because I was seeiie goe into it three dayes before, came to vs,
;uk1 made mm h a doe, so that we were i'aine to come out of oiir shippe- armed: but by three
pieces ol' golde the brabliiig was ended, and we came to our shipjie. This dav wee also set
«aile, and the next dav passed by the Castle of Serpcto, which is an old ruinated thing, and
..tandelli vnder a hiU side.

The !.'{. dav we jiassed by the Island of Paris, and the Island of the bankcs of Helicon, and
the Island called Ditlcr, where are manv boares, and the woincn bee witches. The same day

3\\'l also

;ll

iii

> tV'

A^ M

■ Mi I -K

420

Sinfonliii.

Bichicri.

Th« Engliih
housr in Akw*
andfia.

Thf moBu-
mentt of Alri*
andriA.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

iU. Laurence Altknt}/.

also wee paned by the Castle of Tino, standing vpon a very high mountainc, and nccre vnto
it if) the Island of Diana.

The 15. of May, wrc came toSio, where I stayed thirtie and three dayc*. In it itt a very
proper Townc, after the building of that Counlrcy, and the people arc ciuil : and while wc
were here, there came in sixe Gallics, which had bene at Alexandria, and one of them which
was the Admiral, had a Prince of the Moores prisoner, whom they tookc about Akxamlrin,
and they meant to present him to the Turkc. The townc Ntandcth in a valley, and a Innj; the
water side pleasantly. There are about Sili. windc-mils about it, and the commodities of it
arc cotton wooll, cotton yarne, mastike, and some other druj;s.

As we remained at Sio, there grew a great controucrsie bctwcenc the mariners of the Hercii-
les, and the Grcekcs of the Townc of Sio, about the bringing home of the Turkcs, which the
Greekcs tookc in ill part, and the boycs cried out. Vine cl Kc Piiilippc : whereupon our mm
beate the boycs, and ihrcwe stones, andsoa broilc bc^nnnc, and some of our men were hurt:
but the Grcckcs were fctcht out of their house, and m:uia('lcd together with yrons, nnij
thrcatncd to the Gallics: about fourlic of them were sent to the prison, and what bccninr o|
them when we were gone, wc know not, for we went thence within two dayes after, whiih
wai the 19. of lunc.

The 20. day wee passed by the Island of .Singonina, an Island risen by the casting of stoiic«
in that place : the substance of the ground there is brimstone, and burncth sometimes so much
that it bloweth vp the rockcs.

The 24. of lunc wee came to Cyprus, and had sight in the way of the aforcsaldc si\c Oal-
lies, that came from Alexandria, one whereof came vnto \s, and rcipiircd a present for liim-
sclfe, and for two of the other (iallics, which wc for «piictnc.ssc sake gauc them.

The 27. of lunc, wee came to Tripolie, where I stayed till the fift of Inlv, and then tntikr
passage in a smal barke called a Caramusalin, which was a passage boat, and was bound t'cr
Bichieri, thirtccne miles on this side Alexandria, which boatc was Iraighted with Turkc
Moores, and lewes.

The 20. day of luly, this barke which I pas.scd in ranne vpon a rocke, and was in vcr\
great danger, so that wc all began some to be ready to swinime, some to Icapc into the shipjif
boatc, but it plca.scd God to set vscpiickly oH" the rocke, and without much harme.

The 28. of luly I came to Bichicri, where I was well entertained of a Icwe which w;ls the
Customer there, giuing mc Muska<liMe, and drinking wafer himselfc: hauing broken my lavt
with him, he prouided mce a Camcll for my carriage, and a Mule for mce to ride vpon, ami
a Moore to runnc by mc to the City of Alexandria, who had charge to .sec mce safe in tht
English house, whither I came, but found no Englishmen there: but then my guide hriiui;lit
mce aboord a ship of Alderman Mnrtins, culled the Tyger of London, where I was well
recciued of the Master of the said ship, whose na'nc was Thomas Hickman, and of all ilir
company.

The said Master hailing made me good chccrc, and made me also to drinke of the water ci
Nilus, hauing the kcycs of the English house, went thither with mc himselfc, & ap|)ointoil
mee a faire chamber, and left a man with me to prouidc me all thirigs that 1 needed, .mk!
euery day came himselfc to mc, and caried mc into the City, and shewed me the nu)nunu'nts
thereof, which be these.

Hec brought mec first to Pompey his pillar, which is a mightv thing of gray marble, atui ;ill
of one stone, in height by estimation aboue ii2. yards, and the compa.sse about sixe fadniiie.

The City hath three gates, one called the gate of Barbaria, the other of Merina, and the
thirdc of Kossctto.

lie brought mc to a stone in the slrecte of the Citie, whereupon S. Marke was bchcailrd:
to the place where S. Kathcrine died, hauing there hid herselfc, because she would not marry :
also to the Bath of S. Kathcrine.

I .sawe there also Pharaos needle, which is a thing in height almost equall with Pompcys
pillar, and is in compassc fiuc fudome, and a halfe, and all of one stone,

I WW

.*/, Laur. Aldtrsey.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISC0U1R1F.S,

421

I was brought also to a most bratic and dainlie Bath, where wc washed our selues : the Bath
being of marble, and of very curious workcmanHhip.

The Ciiieslandcth vpon ^tcat archcx, or vawtes, like vntn Churches, with mightic pillars
of marble, to hoide vp the Toundatioii : which arches arc built to receiue the water of the
riucrofNiUw, which in for the vseof the Citic. It hath three Castles, and a hundred Churches:
but the part that is destroyed of it, is sixe times more then that part which standeth.

The last day of luly, I departed from Alexandria towards Cayro in a passage boate, wherein Roinim
first I went to Kossclto, standing by the riuer side, hauing 13. or 14. great churches in it,
their building there is uf stone and bricke, but as for lodging, there is litlc, except wc bring
it with vs.

From Uossetto wee passed along the riuer of Nilus, which is so famous in the world, twise
as broad as the Thames at London : on both sides grow date trees in great abundance. The
people be rude, insomuch tliat a man cannot traucile without a lanizary to conduct him.

The time th.it I stayed in .'Ej'ypt w.ts the Turkes and Moorcs Lent, in all which time they ThrTutkr.

Ltiii,

btirnc lamps in their churches, us many as may hang in them : their Lent cndureth 40. dayes,
and they haue three Lents in the yerc : during which time they neither eatc nor drinke in
the day time, but all the night they do nothing else.

Betwixt Kosscllo and Cayro there are alon^ the water side three hundred cities and townes,
and the length of the wav is not abouc three hundred miles.

To this famous Citic of Cayro I came the fift day of August, where I found M. William Cayw.
Alday, and William Cieinr, who intertaincd me in very good sort. M. Caesar brought mee
Id see the I'yramides which arc three in numl)cr, one whereof king Pharao made for his
ownc (ombc, the tnmbc itsclfe is almost in the top of it: the monuments bee high and in
forme 4 square, and eucry of the squares is .is long .is a man may shoote a rouing arrowe,
and .IS high as a Church, 1 sawc also the mines of the Citic of Memphis hard by these Py-
ramides.

The house of loseph is yet standing in Cayro, which is a sumptuous thing, hauing a place
lo walkein of .^ifi. mighty pillars, all gilt with gold, but I saw it not, being then lame.

The 1 1, day of August the lande was cut at Cayro, to let in the water of the riuer of Nilus,
which was done with great ioy ami triumph.

The I'i. of August I set from Cayro towards Alexandria againe, and came thither the 14.
(if Augu.>t. The '^(». day there was kept a great fe.ist of the Turkes and Moores, which lasted
two dayes, and for a day they ncuer ce;i»cd shooting ofl' of great Ordinance.

From Alexandria I sailed to Argicr, where I lay with M. Typton Consull of the English 'rii» Ensii.ii
n.ition, who vscd me most kindly, and at his ownc charge, llee brought mcc to the kings AiBift,"
Court, and into the presence of the King, to see him, and the mancrs of the Court : the
King doeth onely bearc the name of a king, but tho greatest goucrnment is in the hands of
the souidicrs.

The king of Potanca is prisoner in .\rgier, who comming to Constantinople, to acknow-
ledge a duety to the great Turke, was betrayed by his ownc nephew, who wrote to the Turke,
ihathce went onely .%s a spy, by that meancs to get his kingdome. I heard at Argier of seiien
(jallies that were at that time cisit away at a towne called Formentcra : three of them were of
Argicr, the other foure were the Christians.

Wc found here also IJ. Eiigiishincn, wliirh were by force of weather put into the bay of
Tuni.s, where they were very ill vscd by tlic .\Ioores, who forced them to Icaue their barkc:
whereupon they went to thcCouncell of Argier, to require a redrcsse and remedy for the iniurte.
They were all belonging to the shippe called the CJolden Noble of London, whereof Master
Birde is owner. The Master was Stephen Hasclwood, and the Captaine Wmond Bence.

The thirde day of December, the pinnessc called the .Mooncshinc of London, came to Argier
with a prize, which they tooke vpcui the coast of Spainc, laden with sugar, hides, and ginger:
the pinnesse also belonging to the Golden Noble : and at Argier they made sale both of shippe
and goods, where wee left them at our comraing away, which was tlic seucnth day of lanuarie,

and

i \

hi-

1 1

■'i

4'2*i

VOYAGES. NAIIIC.ATIONS,

I'tuht In llw f.eunni.

and ihf firm day of February, I lai)dcd at Darlinoiith, and ihc RCncnih day came to London,
\Mth hninl)lr ihanki-*) to Alnii^htic (iod, lor my ^a^c nrriiiall

A true report of a worlliv (inlil. performed in the voyage from Turkic, by due
Shipt of London, anain»t II. (ialliex, and two frijjuts of the Kin« of Spaines, at
I'aniabrea within the Slreinhli* Anno, l;»H(i Written by Philip lonct*.

Tile Marrhints of London. beiuK of the incorporation of the Turkey tiulc, hauini; rc-
( eiued inteilijjcmiex, and ailuertitement'*, from lime to lime, that the Kinj; of Spaine Kriidf;.
in){ at the prosperilie of ihi^ kin^dome, had noi onely of late arrested al KnuJinh thip*. |)„.
ilitN, and Koods in Spaine, but aJMi maliKnin;; the cpiiet trali<pic which they v^ed to and j,,
the dominion'', and proiiinie*. vnder the obedience of the (ireat I'nrke, hid yitic n order i,
the ( aptaine'* of his ^allies in the Lenant, to hinder the pa^nai-e of all linnlisli -.hip*, ;iih| i.,
eiideiii'iirby their be>l nieanes, to interiept, take, anti H|)oile them, their pcr-Kint, and jid.uU
ihev hereii|)on ihoiijjhl it their be-t (diirte to set out their llcte for Turkic, in <iurh >i|ioii "il,
and ahililie fi.r their defence, that the purpose of their Spani-ih eiieinic inijjht the beilcrlic
preiiciiteil, aii<l the voyage ai-oniplinhcd with greater necurilic to the men and "ihippe^. |',,r
,vhi(h caii-ie, line tall, and "toiite >«hip|ie>., apperi.iinin^' to London, and iiitendiii'^ oiielv a Mar-
chaiit>i\oyaj;e, were priuiidcd and furni*he»l with all thinns belonuin;; to iheSe?«; the iiann ,
thereof were lliese:

1. The Marchaiil Iloval, a \crs brauc ami ^ood >thippe, ami of jjreat report.

2. The Tobie

:i The I'.dward Honauenture.

4. The William, and lol»n.

.') fhe Sii«aii.
Tlie«ie line departin:; from the coast of Ln^iland, in the moneth of Xoiieinber l.'iH.j. Li",
li';;eiher .is one ileeie, til ilicy came a» lii!;h as the NIe of Sicile, within the Lenant. And ihcrr
accordini; to the order an<l direction of the voyajje. eai h shipjie beijan to take leaiie nf il,,'
rest, and to separate himselfe, settiri); his jourMe for the particular port, whereiinto Iw <• ,, ,.
Imuinle: oiu- I'lr I'ripolie in Sxria, another for ('onsianlinopie, thei hiel'e Citie o! the Tmkr,
I'inpire, silii.iled Njinn the (oasiof itomania, called <if olde, Thracia, and the rest to ih,.,,
plaies, wliereunto thev were priiiallv a|)|)ointe<l. JUit before the\ deiiided thcmselue<, t,;
altofjeiher ((insulted, of and about acerl.iineand s|)eci.i!l place for their mertin;; asaincilu;
the ladin;; of llieir ;;oods at their seiierall portes. And in conclnsinn, the ijenerall ai'recnui i
\>as lo nteeie al /.iiite, an Nl.uul neere to the inaine continei.l of the West pnrt of M.iii
well knowen of all the I'llots, \ ihoiiyhi to be the littesi place of their Heiideuoii... ('ntu i,,,.
ill"; which meetiiiu', it was aKo < ouenanted on eche si<le, and premised, that whalsoeiicrsliipnf
these.) shonlil (iis| arriue at /aiile, shonlil there stav and «'\|)e< t the coniminij nj" the r, .|(,|
the fleete, for the space of iweiilie da\es. This bein;; done, ei h man made his l)c.t h.i.t.ii-
cordinjj as winde and wether weiildc Kerne him to fiildll his cnurse, and to disM.iir'i |,,,
biisincsse; and no iieede was there in admonish or iindiiraye any man, seeing; no lime \» ,, |||
spent, nor oppnrtuiiitie omitted on any side, in the perlormam e of et h maiis dnciio, ;i( ( , r,].
ill:; to his pKue.

It fell out that the Tobie which was Ix iiiid for f'onstanliiioplc h.id ni.ule sin h nond «|iri(le
.Mid <;otlen such i;ood weather, lli.il she (irst i^f al the rest came ba< k to the appointed pLuc ol
/.iiilc, and not lornetiinj; the former conclusion, did there cast am re. aifciidin ■ the arriu.i!!
1 I the rest of the lleele, whic h a( cor<lini;ly (.their biisiiics lirst performed) failed iiol to kecin'
prnmis<'. The first next after the 'I'obie was the l{o\,d Marchant, which to"eiher wiiiiiin'
William and lohn came from Tripolie in Svria, and arriued at /ante within ilte c(lm|)l^^(• i,f
ilie foresaide time liinilted. These ships in token of the ioy on .all parts coii< {'iiied for tlic.i
ha|)py mcelinj;, spared not th<: dischari;iii;; ol their Ordinance, the soiindin;; of driiins ,V-
Inimpet-, the sjjreadin!; of Lnsl;;nes with oilier warlike and io\ full beh.iiiiiurs, expressing'
by these (Jiitward si:j;nes, the inward i;ladnesse of their niindes, beiiiij all as ready to iovne
together in muluall con.sciit to resist the cruel cncmie, as now in spDrtinr iii;iii(t ilie\ made

lu'. nil

I'Ifihl in Ihc Ltiiml.

TIIAITKU'IIS, AND DISCOlIKItlP.S.

4VS

null". (Iiii'tic, :i(

,11^ I'll) mill |i.i<tlyiiic niiiiiii;^ llicnxt'liUN. Tlu-<«i> ihrrr had not bcnr Innft in ihc liniirn, (nil ihr
I'duaril HonnuoMliirr iiUo, to^cthri' with tin* Siman hrr coMmirl, were Cdnic from \'iMii(«' with
tlii'ir liiilirif;, tin- »ii{lit of wlioni increased ilio ioy of the rest, .iiul llicv n() loic gl.ul ol' ilii-
iirrNi'nrc of ilic oiIuth, Niilntrd thcni in nmsi IriciKlly and kindc nutt, arcordiiif; lo ihi- inanrr
iif llir Seas: and wlirrcas sonir of tlirsc -iliipH Htoodr nl that instant in sonu' want of victiiaN,
tlirv wtTf all cnntfiit to stay in llic |iort, till ilu" ncccNitilicM of cch bliippc wcri* Hiippljrd, and
initiiiii}; wiinti'd In »t't out for their rriiirnc.

In this port of Z inic, the iipwrs w.w fic^h and cnrrant, of two snicrall armies and IIctIcs
priuiidrd l)v ihc kiii|; of Spainc, and Ivin^ >n w'aite lo intrrccpt (honi : ihi- one (onsisiinj^r
III' ,'l(), !<tr(in;{ (ialiicM, mo well appointeii in all respects for the warrc, tiiat no ncce.ssary ihinj;
wanteil; and thi' (licte hoiiere<l about the Streightt of (libraltar. The otiicr armic l)ad in
it 'iO (iallir-, whi'reof some were of Sicilie, and sonic of the island of Malta, vndcr '\\c
iliarjje and j.',ini(Tnii'i'iil of lohii Andrea Dorea, araplaine of nauie scruin){ the kinj' of Spainci
fliesf two iliuei-s and siroii^ (li'elcs wail<'il and attended in the Sea. '"or :;(>nc, Lt.( 'l',t Fiii; .,i!i
•liippes, and no (lonl)i made their arconipt and snre reckoning; that not a '''ppr . niid V\ ',te
iheii Inrie. And the npinion aUn of the iidi.diilants of the NIc nl'/anie vas ,hii >t n ^ipeci
111 the numluT •'!' dallies in hnih these armies, liauin}; receiiied such • u-i ij/lM eon ,-)a. «;''iiu'i' '.
Iron) the l>in<;, our shl|)s :nid nten licinK but few, and little in comparison of th 'i i, \r wn"! a
ihinj! in hinnane reason impossible, that wee shoidd passe either wilhoiii n|'.>!liM;t, if we rr-
Kisteil, or without i innpusiiion .it the least, and .k knowledneincnt .if diictio (■■; ilu: Ji;v)«v.,h koii:.

Hill it was neither llie report of the allendaiK e ot these armies, nor l^e !<pinioni> 'Jt the
people, nor anv thiiif; else, that r<iiild daunt or dismay the coiirajjex of m. ■ iiiti>, \.|tii ){i' imcl-
iiv; ihemsfhies \ |mmi the ;;ootliu'»-e of their cause, and the promise (>^ jo.l, to ' ei rieliiivrcd
I'roin sill !i as without rcisuii souj^hl their destruction, caried r"s'.'i.(e Hci'df-, iu>Hv!?.V"!.iiia-
in;; all iiiipediiiieiils to adiieiiliirc throu;;li ihe Seas, and to lin. !■ llieir .N.ii.iu.'.tio:), mvi^cc
the be.irds of the Spanish ^oiildiers. Mm least they should jeeme to) ;iivicsse, and t(v Mire
(if their est.ile, and b\ l.isinj; the s« hole and entire burden of lhe:r call »ic \|vonCii '•< IM.-Iii-
(leme, should foolislilv presume .illiif;elher of his lulpe, ni'.d ueu'ect the niea;n's iiiii v.*
put into their haiide-<, thev f.iih'd not to enter into Cdiinsell amoi>;( theinsclnes, aid to .ii'iibe-
rile adiii'cdU for their l>e»t deli'iicc. And in the end with !;ciierall 'luiM'iit, li-f Mircl'.ant
lln\all «as :ip|)oinled Admirall of the (leele, and llie I'obie \ ii eadmiral, by wlwisc orders liie
rest prnini-cd to be diiected, and ei h sbippc M)wed not to bre.ike from aiuwlxr. ",vli;il>\itnicr
I Aire iiiiiie sIiduKI fill out, but In st.uul to it to the death, for the honour ■•' llicir ('ouiiirov, .ind
the frii-lialiiii; of the hope of llie ambilioii-. and proud enemie.

Thus ill yood oriiiT thev leli /anir and ilie Castle of (ira-cia, and rormr'Hitl ibi'n'.sehu'j
tmaiiie to the Seas, and |ir('i ceded in llieir course .iiid voyage in iiiiicliics, wiuuuit •. -'it »' ;.nv
ciuiiiie, till they ca'iie lucci" to I'.Milai.iiea, .in NIaiid so called, betwixt Sirilie^ .iini ihr ,,i;i<t
( r AlVirke: into si;;hi whereof they came the l.'{. day of luiv l.)S(>. And the same .l,v v"i
the iivirning alumt 7. if the eiocke thev liescied ',.i. sailes in number, which were of the
dailies, Kiiij; in wailc of purpose for them, in and about that place. .Xs so'iiie as the Fi''-
'ii-h ships had spied iliem, iliey by and by aciordiin; ton coniinoii . rdc maJo ilie:iis»'liie9
rcadv for a liuht, l:i\c(l out llieir Ordinance, scoured, charged, a-id prime^i ihcin, (iis,ili.v«'d
liieir eii»i;;nes, and leli noiliinn Midone to arnie themselues throd^lil;, . In (he mi im ;inu',
the (i.ilhcs more and more ajiproclied the ship«, ami in their l)iiin'.'r> l! .Ti- .ippearcri r!ie
.nrincs of the Nles of S'.iiJi.i, ,iiid Malta, beiiii; all as then in the >eruic,' tiv' p. y of tl c Spa-
niard. Immedially, both the .\dinirals of tlio (iailies sent from ed; ol them i iriL'a'i', 'n the
Admiral of our l',n;;lish sbijis, which beiii}; come neere ihei". t'le Sr ilian f'i';at tirst hailed
ihcin, and demanded of ilicin wheiue they were? T' ey .'iiswcu'd that they wf.re of Kn-
uland, the amies whereol a|)peared in their 'dloiirs. Wh'. ■■. ipon tf.' <>\i\c fri^^at expostulated
\\ilh ihrni, .ind asked .nIu they delayed lo seni'r (),• «o,ac with their Caplaiiies and pursers
to Don I'edro de I.eina their Cimevall, to ack.i :.vkd;;e their duty and obedience to him in the
name of tlie Spanish kin;;, I.ord of t'lcso sci«? Our men replied, and said, that they owed
no such iluetie iioruliediencc tohiivi, and tiicrefore would acknowledge none, but commanded

liic

111

f .1 ■ ' f ,

f('!\^M

4*21

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Fight in the Leunnl.

the fr ;;at todcpnrf with thatanswcrr, and not to stay lona;rr abrabling, vpon her pcrill. Wiih
that a\vav she went, and vp comes towards them the other frigat oT Malta, and shec in hke
sort hailed the Admiral, and wonid needs know whence they were, and where they had bene.
Our Englishmen in the Admirall, not disdaining an answere, tolde theiti that they were of
England, Marchants of London, had bene at Turkie, and were now returning home: and id
be re(|«ifed in this case, they also demaiindod of the frigaf whence she and the rest of the gul-
lies were : the mep-senger answered, we are of Malta, and for mine ownc ;)arf my name is
Canallero. These gnllies arc in seriiicc and pay to the king of Spaine, vnder the eondiut nf
Don Pedro dc Leiua a noble man of Sp:iine, who hath bene comniandwl hither by the Kin;^
with this present force and aniiie, of p'.irpose to intercept yon. You shall therefore ((|ui.ili
he) do well to repaire to him lo know his pleasure, he is a noble man of good behauioiir and
courfesie, and meanes von no ill. The C'aptaine of the English Admiral, whose n:iine was
M. Edward Wilkinson, replioil and said. We purpose not at this lime to make triall of Jjdn
Pedro his conrtesie, whereof we arc suspilioiis and donbtful, and not without good i aiisc:
vsing withall good words to the messenger, and willing hiin to come aboord him, promisinf
•ecnrilie and good vsage, that thereby he miizht the better knowe the Spaniards minde: wlurc-
upon hee in deed left his frigaf, and came aboord him, whom hee intertained in friendlv Mirf,
and caused a ciippe of wine to be drawnc for him, which he tooke and bei;anne, with hi,
cap in his hand, anil with reuerend tcrines to drinke to the health of the Qncene of l'.ni;l.n:ii|,
speaking verv homiurablv of her Maiestic, and fining good s|)eeches of the courteous Nv.ij-e
and interteincment that he himselfe had receincd in London, at the time that the duke if
Alenson, brother to the late French king was last in England: and after he had well druiikc,
hee tooke his leaue, speaking well of the sufliciencie and gocMlnessc of our shippes, ;iMd e<[i,'.
ciallv of the Marchant Royal, which he confessetl to hauc scene befnre, riding in the Tli;iiiic,
iieere London. He was no sooner come to Hon Pedro de Leiua the Spanish general. Imt |i,-
was sent off againe, and returned to the E.nglish Admirall, sa\ing that the pleasure of liu
Generall was this, that either their Caplaines, Masters and Pursers should come to him with
.speed, or else hee wouKl set vpon them, and either take them or siuke them. The rej)|\
was made bv M Wilkinson af resaid, tiiat not a man >houId ( ome to him ; and for the I)ni;i;i
and threat of Don Pedro, it was not that Spanish hr.iuado that should make them yecKI :i i i
to their hinderance, but they were as ready to make resistance, as he to dder an iniiiri..
Whereupon C'aiiallcro the me-senger left bragging, and began to persn.ule ihem in cpiiei>'ri
and \»iih manv wordes, but all his labour was to no piupose, and as his threat did nuiliir:,
lerrilie them, so his perswasion did nothing mooue then) to doe that wliidi hee requirnl. At
the la-t he intrealed to haue the Marchant ,(T the .\dmirall c.nied bv him as ;i messenger 1 1
the Generall, that so he might be sati«lied, and assured of their mindes by one of their ihmio
company. Hut M. Wilkinson would agree to no such thing, alihough Iticli.ird Howit the ii:,ir-
ihaiit himselfe seemed willing to bee imployed in that niessaue, and laboured 1)\ re.ison.ilili'
perswasions to induce NL Wilkinson to ;;nninl it, as hoping to be an o(< asion bv his pie-ciicc
and discreet answeres to satislie the Generall, and therein to sane the ellu-ion of ("hri>i;.i:i
l)!ood, if it >.hould grow lo a battel. .\nd he seemed so much the more willing to be miu,
bv how much deeper the oihes and protestations of this Cauallero were, that he would ; .i- licr
wa« ,1 true knight and a sonldier) deliiier him backe againe in ".afelie to bis < (nnpanv. .Mhc ii,
M. Wilkinson, which by his long experience had receiued sunicient triall of S|)aui-li iimii-
sl.nicie and perinrie, wished him in no case to put his lift- and libertie in hazard vrxm a Sjw-
niards othe. Hut at last, vpcm much inireatie, hee xeelded told him go to the (li ii< i;il,
thinking in deed, that good speeches and answeres of reason would haue conti-nieil iiiiii,
whereas otherwise rcfiisall to do so, might peradneiiliire haue prouoked the more discontent-
nieiit.

^^. JJowit therefore passing to the Spanish Generall, the rest of the Galiies hauing espicil
him, thought in deed that the English were rather determined to veelde, then to fight, .ind
therefore came flocking about the frigat, euery man cr\ ing out. Que inienas, que luieii.is,
Haue these Englishmen yeclded? the frigate answered, Not so, ihcy neither haue, nor purpn^e

ght in the Leuanl.

Fight in the Lcnant.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

435

to vccid, oncly they haiie sent a man of their company to spcakc with our Gcnerall : and be-
injj ronic lo the Gallic wherein he was, he shewed himselle (o M. Rowit in his armour, his
(;uard of sonldiers atfendiiijr vpon him in armour also, and he<;an lo spcakc very proudly in
this sort : Thou Englishnian, fnmi whenec is your llcctc, why stand ye aloofe ofl', knowe ye
niit your (luetic to the Catholitjue Kinj;, whose person 1 here represent ? Where are your liilles
of hulinu;, your letters, pasports, and the eliiefc of your men? Thinke ye my attendance in
these si'as lo be in \aine, or my person to no jiurpose ? Let al these things be doiu- oiit of
hand as I command, vpon paine of my furiher displcasureand ihcspoyle of you all: These
wordes of the Spanish (ienerall were not so outrapiously ])ron(ninced as they were mildly
answered bv M. Rnwit, who lolde him that ihey were al Marchantn\en, vsing tralique in ho-
nest s( rt, and seeking to |)asse <]uielly, if ihey were not vrfjed further then reason, As for
the kiiiu; of S|)aiiie, he ihouj^ht (for his part) ilial tiiere was amiiie betwixt him and his So-
uerei^Mi- the (iucene of Iviinland, so that neither he nor his oflicers should goe about to olfer
an\ such iniurie to Knulish Nfarchanls, who as they were farre from giuing ofli;nre to any
man, so they would be loath to lake an abuse at the handes of any, or sit downe to their lossc,
where their abilitie was able to make defenre And as touching his eommandement afore-
saide, fcir ihe acknowledging of duetie, in such particular sort, he told him, that were there
was no diu'lie ov/inj;, there iu)Me should be j)erforined, assuring him that their whole
company and shippcs in generall stood residiitclv vpon the negatiue, and would not
yeelJ to anv such vnrcisonabic deinaiuid, iovned with siuh imperious and absolute maner
of conunaoiling. Whv then, «aid he, if they wil neither come to yeeld, nor shew olicdience
to me iii the name of my king, I wil either siuke them or bring them to harbor, and so tell
them lioin me. With tliat the fri>; it came auav with M. Rowit, and brought hini aboord the
Enulish Admiral njjaine according to promise : who was no sooner entred in, but by and by
deliancc was scaiiided on both siile-: llie Spaniards hewed oH'the noses of the Ciidlies, that no-
thing niis^hl hinder the leiiell of the shut, and the English on the other side couragiously pre-
pared lhem»ehies to the cnmbat, etuTV man according to his roome, bent to performe his of-
liie wiih alacritie anil diligence. In the meane time a Cannon was ischarged from the Ad-
mirall c f the g.illies, wliii h being the onset cl the light, was |)rcsenilv answered bv the En-
o\\>\\ Admirall \>ith a C'uluering : so the skirmir-h be^an, and grew hot and terrible, there was
no powder nor shot s|iareil : c( h laigli-h ship mat( hed it sclfe in good order against two
Sp.nli^h Ci.dlio, bf-iiles tlie inequalitie of the lrig,its on ihe .S|)aniards side : and allhc ugh our
men perfornu'd their p,nls with singular valiire ac icirding to their strength, insomuch that the
enemie as ainaNcd therewith would oftentimes pause and slay, and consult uhat was best lo
he done, vet they ceased not in the midst of their l)usinesse lo make j)raver lo Almighty CJod
the reuenger of al cuils, and the giucr of victories, that it would plea«e him lo assist ihem
ill ihat good ipiarell of theirs, in defending iheinsdues against so proud a tyrant, lo teach
their handes to w.irre, and their fingers to light, that the glory of the victory might reihnind
III his Name, and lo tiie honor id' true Religion uhiih tlie in-olciu enemie soiulil so mucli to
(iiu'rihrowe. C'ontrarily, the fooli>h .Sjiani.irdes cried oi.t according to tiieir niancr, not to
(iod, l)ut to our l.ad\ (a> llicy lerine the virgin Mar\ ) saying () I.adv helpe, O blessed Lady
jziiic vs the victory, and the honor thereof s!i:iUic tiiinc. Thus with blowes \ pravers on
both sides the tight conliinicd I'uricuis and >liarpe, and doiiblfiill a long lime to which part the
viclurie would incline: lil at the i,ist the Admiral of the Ci.illies of Sii ilie began lowarpe from the
fii;hl, and lo holde yp her side for leare oi" -iiikini;, and alter her went also two otiiers in like
tasr.whom al ihe sort of them inclosed, hibouring l)y all their ineanes to keepe them aboue water,
l)''ing ready by the force of Eiigli-h shot which ihcv had receiued to perish in the seas : iS:
wliat slaughter was ilone amoriL' llie Spaniards llleln^elues, the English were vnccrtaine, but
by a |)n)bable conieiture apparant afar oM', they supposed their lo«se was so great, that they
wanted men to continue the charging of their pieu's : whereupon with shame and dishonor, Afighioftmt
idler ,i. houres spent in the battel, they withdrew ihein-elues ; and the Ijiglish contented in '""'"'
respect id' their deepe lading, rather lo continue their voy.ige then lo follow the chase, ceas-
ed from further blowes; with tlie lo»se oiiely oi two men slaine amongst iheni all, and another
vui.. II. J I hurl

riin'ii),,

AT''

:fl)Wl

;t^'-A;rlfi'«i,

426

VOYAGFS, NAUIGATIONS,

Fight in the Leitant.

The «prond
inp in w;)itr

hurt in his armr, whom ^(. Wilkin-ion with his );0(ul words ami fiiciitlly promises did so com-
fort, that he notliiiii; esteemed the smart of his wound in rcspcet of the honour of the victory,
:ind the >hameriil repulse of the enemy.

Thus with (hielilul thankes to the merry of God for his gracious assistanre in that danger,
the Kngiisli shi|)s proceeded in their Sanitation, and eomniini; as high as Ali.',er, a port toKne
vpnn tiie cnast of liarharv, they lell with it, of pinpose to refresh themselues after liieir weari-
lu'sse, ami to take in siieh supply <ir I'resli water & yictual-, as they needed ; they were no
sooiu'r iiilrcd into the ])ort. Inn inunedi.illy flic kini" thereid" >ent a messenger to the ships
to kiunve what they were, with which me-:>ei)_er the chicle master of ech shi|)pc re])urc(l to
the kini:, and accpi.iintcd nim not <inely with the slate of their •^iiip'i in resiiecl ormarchanili/c,
luit with llu' lalefinlil \siiiili they had pa-^ed with llie Spanish Gallies. reporting (iiery iiarliiiihjr
eiriiMn-lan(c in won! a-^ it fill out iiiaclii'n: whereof the said king shewed him-elfe n\,iriieil(iiis
glad, intcrtcining llieni in thi' hcst scit, and promising ahundant relicfe of all their w:int<,
making gei er.iil ])rocI.i rution in liie city vp ii jiaine of death, that no man of what (lcv;ri('
or slate ^oeiier he were, shoidd j)rcsumc eiliier to hinder them in their afliiires, or to olUr
them a:iv maiier of iniurie in hodv or gcods. Hy vertiie whereof they dis|)at(hed al tliintr^
in excellent good sort, witii al fauor <S>- jieaccalilenes'-c: only such ])risoners and ca|)iiiics dC
the Spaniards as were in the Citie, seeing the gnod \-age which thev receiiied, and h(an;;;r
also what seruice thoy had perfrmed against the foresaide (iailies, gnulged excee(iini;K
agai; st them, and sought as niiuh as they could to |)raciise some mis( iiiefe against them : arnl
one amongst the rest seeing an l:iig'ishman alone in a certaine lane of the ("itie, came \ii,.;!
him siuldinU. and with his knife thrust him in the sjde, yet made no such great wound, liji
that it was easiU recouered. file l".nglish Ci'inpany hearing of it, acquainted the king un'i
the fut, who uumedialK sent Imlh fnr the party that had receiiied the wound and the (illcin!-
cr also, aiul caused an exec utioner in the presence of himsellc and the Knglish, to clia»li>o
tliC slaue <"uen to death, which was performed to the eiide that no man should presume to
commit the like part, or to doe any thing in conteiupf if his royal < ommandement.

The F.nglisli liauing rereiued this good iustice at tlie kings hands, and al other things ih:ii
they waited, or could criue for the furnishing of their shi])|)es, tooke their leaue of him,
and of the rest of their frieniles, that were resident in Alger, and ; :l out to Sea, lookiii- i'
meele with the second ariin of the Spanish king, which waited for lliem about the iiioiuii ii
the Straights i'\' Ciihrallar, which thev were of iiecessitie to passe. Hut eomming neerr i ■
the said .Streighl, it jileased (iod to r.iise at that iiist.inta \ery ilarke and misiie fogge, sn thai
one ship (oiilile not diseerne another, if it were 44). |)aces ojl': l)s meaues whereof, togelhir
with the notable fiire I'.asterni- winds that then blewe most lit for their course, they p.T.snl
with great speed thnnigh the Siriiuht, .'iiid might haue passed with that good gale, had |iiorc
bene ,"»()(( (i.diies to withstand them, and the aire neuer so i leare for eiiery shi|) to he seeiif.
Hut vet the Spanish (iailies had a sight of them when they were come within ,'j. Knglisji iiiilis
'f„,"of tlie towne, and made after them in all possible haste, and although thev s.iw tli.U l!'.(\
were farre out of their reach, vet in a \aine furv .ind foolish pride, they shot otV their Onl •
nance, and made a siirre in the ,Se.i as if thev had bene in t!ie midst of them, which v.iniMi'
ol theirs ministred to our men notable ni.itter of pleasure and mirth, seeing men to lis;lii
with shadowes, and to take so great paines to so small |)urpose.

J!ut thus it pleased (iod to ihride, and delude all the forces of that ])roud Spanish kin;
which he h jil prouided of pur|)o.e to distresse the laiglish, who notw iilistam''ng pas.»ed thr(i;ii:!i
both his .\r'iiies, in the one, little hurt, and in the other nothing touched, to the glory of In
immortall Name, the honour of our I'riiu <■ and Countri'y, ami the iusi i inumendaiion of 1 1 i
mans seriiice |)crfornied in that vovage.

The relurne of Master William Il.uhoriie from Constantinople oner land to London

I ;>ss.

I Departed from Constantinople with .'{0. persons of m\ suit and family the .'{.of .XiigiM.
Passing through the Countries of Thracia, now called Koiuania the great, Valachia \ .M'l-

daili.i.

Jit in the Lcuant.

misps did so com-
mr of the victory,

re ill that danger,

I'.'.cr, a port Inwiu-

s alter ilu'ir wcifi-

li'il ; ihey were mi

cn^T'T til t!ic ships

siiipjic rci)iin'(l to

ct ot'niarchaiuli/r,

iij; ciicry pailii ul.ir

lim-i'lie iii.iriii'liiiiis

of all their w;int<,

all ol what (lii;ric

allaires, nr to nlKr

lispalclied al tliiiv.N

ler-i and ia|)lin('s ( f

ceiued, and h(:iri: ^

riuljicd exrccdinjK

e against them : aiul

!H' Ciiie, canip \]ip;;

eh ureat woinul, 1m. i

liiitcd the kint; \mIi

dimd and the ull'tin!-

f I'.nfjli^h, to (luMi.e

n •"hoiiK'. presimii' i>

landcment.

il al other thiii!;< ihi:

e their leaiie ol' Inn!,

mt to Sea, Irxikiiiu i ■

n ahout the inoiiih 1 1

lit roniining iieerr I '

I mistie I'oijpe, sm ih.ii

lies whereof, icuiil.i:

• eoiirse, they pa«-t I

: jjood sjale, had I'lcri'

iierv ship l<> he ^iin

ilhiii '.i. Knu'li^h miles

h llu-v saw tint li:i'\

•V shot oil' their Onl •

r iheni, whirh vaiii'u'

I, si'i-ini; men to li;;lii

proud Spanish kinc.
laiu'Miji passed thriiii!;h
led, to the <;lor\ of Ir*

I iiniineiidation ol «'i >

er kind to London

mily the .'{.of Aiii;"^'.

rcat, Valaihia «.V M"l-

dam.i,

.V. mi. Harborue.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

427

daiiia, where ariiiing the 5. of September I was according to the Grand Signior his commande-
nier.t \ery courteously intcrteincd by Peter his posiiiue prince, a Greeke by profession, with
whom was eoneludcd that her Maicsties sub'-^cls there traliquing should pay but three vpon
the Inindretli, whicli as well his owiic Subiects as all othc" i.alions answcrc : whose letters to
her Nfaiest.e be extant. Whence I proceeded info I'olriid, where the high Chanccler sent
for nice llie 27. of tlie same nioneth. And after most hoiiora' le intertainment imparted with
me ill secret niaiier tlie late passed and present occurrents ,: that kiiigdonic, & also ho writ
to her M.iiesiie.

Tiu'iice I hasted viiio Killing, where the 1'2. of October I was most frieodly welcomed by
the Senate of that Citv, whom I finde and iiidge !o he faithfully denoted to her Mae-ties
sdiiice, whose letltis likewise Mito the s:ime were presented me. No lesse at Dant/ik il e 41.
of th:!t nioiielh I was courteously receiued liy one of the Biiroiighmasters accompanied with
two others of the Senate, & a Ciuil doctor their Secretarie. After going through tlie land
of I'oiner I re-ted one day at Stetin, where, lor that y duke was absent, nothing ensued. At
Hostoke I passed through the Citie without any stay, and at Wismar receiued like friendly
greeting as in the other places ; but at lubeck, for that I came late and departed early in the
iiioriiiiig I was iu)l visited. .\t Hamburg th<; li). of Nouembrr, and at Stoad the ninth of
Diicinlu'r in like inaoer I was ^aiiiled bv a lioroughmaslcr and liie Sei retaiie, and in all these
places they |)resented inee sundry sorts of their best wiiie and fresh lish, euery of them with
a long dis('oiir-.c, coiii'.n.tulating, in the names of tlieir whole Senate, her .Maiestics vict( ry
oucrthe Sj.uii.ii'd, and in\ sale reriinu', cone liding with oiler of their readv seruice to her
(iiliire di-pi'sini;. Yet the Daiil/iks .il'icr mv departure tlieiice caused the .Marchants to pay
ciisioinc lor the ^oixls tliev Lroiight with them in mv cumpaiiv, which none other towiie nei-
ther IiiliJels 111 r Chii^iiims on \ 'vav eiier demaiuled. An.d notwithstanding the premisses,
1 was mo-t certainly informed of smidrv of our ii:ition there resi<lcnt that nio-t of the llaiise-
towns vp'in the sea eoa-ts, especially Dant/.ik, l.iibci k. a:id lIaiiibon)iiL;li haiie laden and were
shipping for Spa i lie, gnat [/loiiision of come, cables, ropes, powder, saltpeter, hargubusses,
armour, iron, leade, copper, and all "ther niiiiiition seruing for the warre. W'hereui/on I
;;:illier thoir faiiied courtesie proceedi d rather for fcare then of anv good alU'ction \ nio her
M.iie-tii'-. - niice, l-.lliing and Sto.ul oi.ely e\ce[)ted, which of duelie lor tlieir comn.oditie I
e>tccmed well allecied.

The priiiilege of Peter the Prince of .Middaiiia graunted to t!ie l^nglish Marcliant-.

PKtriis Dei gratia princeps Valachi.-u i"v Mo'daiii.e ; signilii ainiis pnesentibiis, vniuersis ^;
sinuiilis (pioniin iniere-l ac iiitererit, (pioil cum niagn:li<-o di iiiino (iuiliclino llareborne ora-
liiic SereiiissiiiKc ac poicLti-sinue dominie, doinii;.e Kli/abetlue Dei gratia .Vii'^li.e, Francia.-,
ac Ilihernlie Hegina- apud Serenissimiiin ar poientissimum Tiircaruni Imiieralorcm hanc
1 iinsiitut.oiiem leccriimis : Nimiriini \t dihinc si;;e Sercnit itis siibilitis, (uniiibiiscpic nier-
ilorilnis iiilegruin sit lie in prouimi.i nostra commorandi, comiersand!, mercaiuli, ven-
Irahenilupie, iiiio omnia exenendl, (pNe mereatma' ac vita' huma'i.e societas
nil' \ ll.i .ilieuiiis coiiir.uiirii ■no, aut inliibitiov.c : saliio ac iiilcLrro tameil
hoc c«t, \t a singulis rebus icniiiin due.it. mm prelij. tri s iiiimercnt.
lostra lialieri Miliinuis. l,i cuii
Miniii, sji^illiun iHistiiiin apprc.s-um c^l

Tilt If tttri of
tht' Prince of
Moldaiiiii to itie

1. ttiT- of ihe
C.'iiiicdcr of
l»ol.tiid to the
i^cenc.

rci II! mills testimo-
;7 meii-i.s .\ugusli,

I a

deiidi. con
\-ii-iHie rei|iiiril,
iiire lelonij im-'lri ;
(Jui'.l r.itiim ac lirinum ( onstitutionc nostra lialieri Miliinuis.

Al Hiin in castris iio-tii- die
anno J>omini 1 j.sS.

The same in I'.nglish.

IM-ier by the grace of God prince of V.ilachia and Moldae.ia ; wcsignilie In tliese jirescnts
luall and singuler persons, whom il doth or shall eoncerne. that we haue made this a>;i'ecment
nitli the worthy •,entleinan William Ilarelurne Ambassador of the right high and mighty
primi', the I.ady I'.li/abeth by the grace of (i.nl Ciiieiiie of liiiglaiul, Fiaiue and belaud,
with the mesi piii-.«ant and miuhlie I.mperoiir of ilie finkes: To witte, that from hencefoorth

II shalbc l.iwfull for her hi:;hne-»e Mibiects ,ii; "

3 I

oil all her Man hauls, lo remaine, loniierse, bu\,
2 sel,

. 1

Is 1:1 "■

■i : I

I! .

•U'

II ■ 'n-j'TU mi: ftp ''

'ji'' ■J -i
ii'ii tf tin

!l'

.-;,*

'I "'-HI

/'' i>; , / 111 II i^

428

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Turks paimenti.

■el, bargaine and exercise all such things), as the trade of marchandise, and humane societie
and vse rcquireth, without any hinderance or let : the right of our Custome alwayes reserued ;
That is, that they pay three ducats vpon all such things as amount to the price of one hundred
ducats. Which by this our ordinance we command to be surely and firmely obserued ; For
the more assured testimony whereof, our seaie is hereunto annexed. Giuen in our Campe the
27. of the moneth of August in the yecre of our Lord 1588.

A briefe extract specifying the ccrtainc dayly paimcnts, answered quarterly in time
of peace, by the Grand Signior, out of his Treasurie, to the Ollicers of his Se-
raglio or Court, succcssiucly in degrees : collected in a yeerely totall summe, as
followeth.

FOr his owne diet euery day, one thousand and one aspers, according to a former custome
receiued from his auncestors: notwithstanding that othcrwis-" his diurnall expcnce is verv
much, and not certainly knowen, which summe maivelh stt.iing money by the yere, two
thous^and, one hundred, 92. pounds, three shillings, eight pence.

The fiuc and fourtie thousand lani/.aries dispersed in sundry places of his dominions, at
sixc aspcrs the day, amounteth by the yeere to hue hundrcth, fourescore and elcuen thou-
sand, and three hundreth pounds.

The Azamnglans, tribute children, farre surmoimt that number, for that they are collected
from among the Christians, from whom betweene the yccres of si\c and twciue, thty are
pulled away yecrelv perforce: whereof I suppose tliose in seruice may be equall in number
with the Janizaries abouesayd, at three aspcrs a day, one with another, whirh is two hundred
fourescore and iifteene thousand, sixc hundred and fil'tie pounds.

The hue Ba.ssas, whereof the Viceroy is supreme, at one thousand aspers the day. besides
their ycrely reueiuies, amounteth sterling by the yeere to ten thousand, nine hundred and
fiftie j)ou.ids.

The f: :c Beglerbegs, rhiefe presidents of Greece, Hungary and Sciauonia, being in Eu-
rope, in Naiolia, and Caramania of Asia, at one thousande aspers the day : as also to eightcene
other gouernours of Prouini es, at fine hundred .nspers the day, amounteth by the yeere, tti
thirtie thousand sixe hinidred, aiul threescore pounds.

The Ba.ssa, Admirall of the Sea, one thousand aspers the day, two thousand, one hundred
foure score and ten pounds.

The Aga of the lanizarics, generall of the footcmen, fine hundred aspers the day, and maketh
by the yecre in sterling money, one thousand, fourescore and (ifteene pounds.

The Iinbrahur liassa, Master of his horse, one luuidred and tiflic aspers the day, is sterling
money, three hundred and eight and twenty pounds.

The chicle Esiiuire vnder him, one hundred and fiftie aspers, is three hundred and cif;ht
and twenty pounds.

The Agas of the Spahi, Captaines of the horsemen, si.xe, at one hundred and fiftie a^pern
to either of them, maketh sterling, one tliousand, nine hundred, three score and elcuen
pounds.

The Capagi Bassas head porters foure, one hundred and (iftie aspers to erh, and miketli out
in sterling money by the yeere, one thousand, three hundred, and foureteene pounds.

The Sisinghir B.issa, Controller of the housholde, one hundred and twentie aspers the liav,
and maketh oi.t in sterling money by the yeere, two hundred, threescore and two ptiundcs,
sixtccne slillings.

The Chans Bassa, Ciipfaine of the Pensioners, one hundred and twentie aspers the day,
and amouiittth to by the yeere in sterling money, two hundred, threescore and two pounds
sixteci.e shillii'gs.

The Capigilar Caiasi, Captaine of his B irge, one hun<Ireth and twentie aspers the day, and
maketh out by the yeere in sterling money, two hundred, threescore and two poundcs, si.x-
tecne shillingM.

The

Turk) paimenti.

The Turks paiments.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

429

usand, one hundred

hundred and ci^'ht

The Solach Bassi, Captaine of his guard, one hundred and twentie aspen, two hundred,
three score and two pounds, sixtecne shillings.

The Giebrigi Bassi, master of the armoury, one hundred and twentie aspcrs, two hundred,
three score and two pounds, sixteene shillings.

The Topagi Bassi, Master of the artillerie, one hundred and twentie aspers, two hundred,
three score and two pounds, sixtecne shillings.

The Echini Bassi, Phisition to his person, one hundred and twentie aspers, two hundred,
three score and two pounds, sixteene shillings.

To fourtie Phisitions vnder him, to ech fourtle aspers, is three thousand, eight hundred,
three score and sixe pounds, sixteene shillings.

The Mustafaracas spearcmen, attending on his person, in number fine hundred, to either
three score aspers, and maketh sterling, threescore and fine thousand, and seucn hundred
pounds.

The Cisiiigcri gentlemen, attending vpon his diet, fourtie, at fourtie aspers ech of them,
and amouiitcth to sterling by the yeere, three thousand, fine hundred and foure pounds.

The Chausi Pensioners, foiire hundred and fourtie, at thirtie aspcrs, twenty eight thousand,
nine hundred, and eight pounds.

The Capagi porters of the Court and City, foure hundred, at eight aspers, and maketh
sterling money by the ycere, seuen thousand, an;! eiglif p.Ainds.

The Solachi, archers of his guard, three hundrefh and Iwejitv, at nine aspers, and commeth
vnto in English money, the summe of sixe thou-innd, three hundred and sixe pounds.

The Spahi, men of .\rmes of the Court and the City, ten thou-and, at twenty fiue aspcrs,
and mnkcth of English money, flue hundred, forty and seuen thousand, and fiue hundred
pounds.

The lanizaircs sixtecne thousand, at six aspers, is two hundred and ten thousand, and two
hinidred and forty pounds.

The Giebegi furhushers of armor, one tliousand, fine hundred, at sixe aspcrs, and amountcth
to sterling money, ninetecne thousand, sciien hundred, a:id fourescore pounds.

The Seicsir, seruitors in his Kquier or stable, fiue himdred, at two aspers, and maketh ster-
ling money, two thousand, one hundred, fourescore and Inn pounds.

The Saesi, Sadlers and bit makers, fiue hundred, at seucn aspers, seuen thousand, six hun-
dred, threescore and line pounds.

The Caterjii, Carriers \ pen Mules, two hundred, at fiue a.spers, two thousand, one hun-
dred, fourescore and ten pounds.

The Cinegi, Carriers vpon Camels, one thousand, fiue hundred, .nt eight aspers, and
amounteth in sterling money, to twenty sixe thousand, two hiiiidred, and fourescore pounds.
The Ileiz, or Captaines of the (iallies, three hundred, at ten aspers, and imiounleth in
English money by the yeere, tlie siimme of sixe thousand, fine hundred, threescore and ten
pounds.

The Alechinni, Masters of the said Gallies, three hundred, at seuen aspers, foure thousand,
fuic hundred, fourescore and ninetecne pounds.

The Getii, Boateswaines thereof, three hundred, at sixe aspers, is three thousande, nine hun-
dred, foiirty and two pounds.

The (Wa Bassi, Pursers, three hundred, at fiue aspers, maketh three thousand two hundred,
and fourescore pounds.

The Azajipi souldiers two thousand sixe hunlred at foure Aspers, whereof the six hundred
docontinually keepe the gallies, two aiv' wenlie thousand, seucn hundred fourscore and six
pounds.

The Mariers Bassi masters oner the shipwrights and kalkers of the naini'. nine, at yO. Aspers
the piece, amnunteth to three thcusand fourescore and fi.ure pound, f'ure shillings.

The Master Dassi ■•hipvsrights & kalkers. one thou.santl at foiirtceneafpcrs, wiiith amounteth
by the yeere, to thirtie thousand, sixe hundred threescore pound.

Summa

f* ."'

"Ilk' II

si?

'mm

480

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Turks officers.

Summa totalis of dayly paiments amountcth by the yoerc sterling, one million, nine
hundred threescore eight thousand, seiien hundred thirty fine pounds, ninctecne
shillings eijiht pence, a:iswcred quarterly without default, with the sumine of loure
hundred fourescore twelue thousand, one hundred fourescoreand foure pounds fcuire
shillings cleiien pence, and is for euery day due thousand three hundred fourescore
and thirteene pounds, (iltccne shillings ten pence.

Annuities of lands neuer improued, fine times more in value then their summes
mentioned, giucn by the saide Gram! Signior, as followcth.

TO the Viceroy for his Timar or annnitie (10. thousand golde ducats.

To the second Bassa for his nniniitie 50. thousand ducats.

To the third Rissa for his annuitie 40. (hcnis.md ducats,

To the fourtli Bassa for his annuitie ',iO. thousanrl ducats.

To the liftli Ha.ssa for his annuitie 20. thousand ducats,

To the Captaiiic of the Iani/.aries !i:!0. thousand ducats.

To the Icu Merliorbassi mailer of his horse 15. thousand ducat.'^.

To the Capt.iine of the pensioners 10. thousand ducats.

To the Caplainc of his guard 5. (housand ducats.

Sunima totalis 90. (housand li. sterling.

Beside these aboue specified, be sundry other annuities giuen to diners ofl.ers of his afore-
said ofliccrs, as also to cerlaine called Sahims, diminisliing from three thousand to two liuii-
dreth ducats, esteemed treble to surmount the aiuuiitic abiuesaid.

The Turkcs chiefe officers.

Tile Viceroy is high Treasurer, notwithstanding that vnder him be three subtrcasurersr.illcd
Teftadar;, which bee accom])table to him of the receij)ts out of Eurojie, Asia and Africa, >aiii'
their )ccrelv annuitie of huuls.

The Lord Chancellor is called Nissaiigi Bassa, who sonlclli with a cert.iine pro|)er characur
such licences, >ale condu( ts, passeports. e-.pc( iail gi:iuiit«, \-c. as proceed from the (irar.d
.Signior: notwithstanding all letters to forrcine princes so lirmed lie after inclosed in a l)aj;i;e,
and s( lied bv the (irand .Si^nior, willi a -.i^nel which he ordinarily weareth about his nciko,
credited ol'tium to hane bene ol ancient appcrtavning to king .Salomon the wise.

The .Vdniirall giiiclh his voyrc in llie dcilion of all Hcg'i, Cipiaiiies of Maudes, to wlinin
hee giuclh their charge, as also appointetli the .Subba'^sa^^, Bavlillcs or ("on>tal)lcs ouerCiiici
and Townes vpon the Sea coa^les about Constantinople, and in the .\rchipelago, whereoriicf
reapeth great prolit.

The Subbassi of Fera payeth him \eerely (iftecnc thonsande dmat^, and so likewise eiihcr
of the others accfmling as tliev are placed.

The l{cssi?*lop serueth in dllice to llie \'i( erov and Ch.iiuellor, as Sccretar\ , and so likewise
doeth the C igie Master oltlu- Mulls, bdorc which two, passe all writings pre«etited to. nr
granted by tne said \'iceroy and Cliancellor, offices of especiall credile and like prolite, ninii-
ouer rewarded with annuities of lands.

There are .dso two chiefe Iud>;es named Cadi I.esker, the one oner Europe, and the oIIut
ouer .\sia and .\frica, which in Court doe sit on the Ben< h at the lelt hand of llie Bassas. These
sell all offices to the vnder ludges ijI the land called Cadies, whereof is one in euer\ Cillc .-r
towne, before whom all matters in coiitruuersie are by iudgement decided, as also penalties
and corrections for crimes ordained to be executed vpon the ollenders by the .SubbasM.

The

Turks officers.

icir .summes

d li. stcrlinsr.

I so likcwi.si' cilhcr

The Turkish garisons.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

431

The Ucglcrbcgs of •<

> persons.

The Bcglcrbcgs of ■<

> persons.

The number of Souldiers continually attending vpon the Beglerbegs the goiier-
noiirs of Prouinccs and Saninciis, and their petic Captaines mainteiiied of these
Prouinces.

"GRaecia, fourtie thousand
Biida, fiftcene thousand
SciaiKinia, fiftcene thousand
Natoliu, tifteene thousand
Cnrninania, fiftcene thousand
Armenia, cightccnc thousand
Persia, twcntif thousand
Vsdruin, fiftecne thousand
Cliinista, fiftcene thmisniid
Caracmiti, thirtie thousand
(nersul, two and tliirtic thousand

"Bagdat, fiue and twentic thousand

Halsnra, two and twenty thousand

Lassaija, scuentccne ihou-aiul

Aiepo, fiue and twentic tiinu-and

Damasco, seucntceiie thousand

Cayro, tweiuc thousand

Al)es, tweiiie thiusand

\fccca, eight thousand

Cyprus, ciijhtocnc tlioiisand

Tunis in Harbary, ciy;lit thousand

Tri polls ill Syria, cigiit thousand
_AIgcr, fourlic thousand

Whose Sangiacks and pciie Captaines be tlircc Innulicd siitic eight, cuery of which retain-
ing coniiiuially in pay from fine huiulreih to two hundrcth Souldiers, may be one with another
at the least, three hundrcth thousand persons.

Chicfc officers in his Seraglio about his person.

'CAjjiign, IliL;h Porter.

.Min.li T B.issi, Treasurer.

Oda I! issi, Cluiinhcrl.iine.

Killcr;;i B.issi, Steward.

S;irai,iga, Coniplrollcr.

IVskcrolen, (iroonic of liic chamber.

i'(ln>toj;laii, (ici.tlcinan of tlic I^wcr.

.><licl.nMna, .\rmour bearer.

("Iv al.ir.ig.i, he thai cariel;i l>is riding cloakc.
_I^!iiciaiag I, (iroonic <if ihe stnoie.

There be manv other mancr Ollicers, which I estecme superfluous to write.

The Turkcs vccreiv reueinie.

THr. (irand Siynicrs annual rcucnuc is said to be fourtecne Millions and an halfe of golden
ducats, whiiii is slerlini!; I.iic millions, ci^iil score thousand pounds.

The tiil'ute pa\il l)\ the Ciu-isli:iUs his Sui'iects is one gold ducat yccrely for the redemp-
tion I r ener\ head, wliich ma\ amount vnto not so litlc as one Million of golden ducats, which
isslorliim three luni'lrcii ihrccsi-ore lhou>-aiul pounds.

.\loreoucr, in lime ol \sarre he exactcth nuniii'oldo summcs for maintenance of his Armie
and Nauie uf the said Christians.

The

Be these <

■iim^^

'if

Hl':)^

. ^tr

1 rm<' ■ \]m . • J

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Let. to the Qiueur.

The Emperour payelh him yecrely tributo for Hungary, threescore thniifiand dollcrs, whirh
Is sterling thirteenc thousand pound, be-idcs presents to the Viceroy and Bassas, viiiich are
said to surmount to twentie thuuMiid doliers.

Amba'^sadors Allowances.

THe Ambassadour of the Emperor is allowed one thousand Aspers the day.

The Ambassadour of the French king heretofore enioyed the like: but of late yccrcs by
meancs of displeasure conrciucd by Mahumel then Viceroy, it was reduced to sixc trowues
the day, bcsiJc the prouision of his Esquicr of his stable.

The Ambassadours of Poland, and for the state of Venice are not Ligiers as these two.ibouc.
said. The .said Polack is allowed 12. French crownes the day during his abode, which may be
for a moneth. Very scldome do the state of Venice send any Amba.s.sador otherwise, then
enforced of vrgent necessity: but in stead thereof keepc their Agent, |)rcsident ouer other
Marchants of them termed a bailife, who hath none allowance of the Grand Signior, althmij;h
his port and state is in maner as magnilical as the other aforesaid ambas.sador9. The Spanish
Ambassador was equal! with others in lanizaries: but for so much as he would not according to
custoMie folow the list of other Ambaisadors in making presents to ^ Grand Signior, he had
none alowance. His abode there was J. yeres, at the end whereof, hauing cOcludci a iriue
for 6. yerc", taking |)Iace fro his Jirsf comming in Nouember last past 1580. he was not ad-
mitted to the presence of the Cirand Signior.

The letters of Sinan Bassa chiefe counsellour to Sultan Murad Can the Grand Sij;-
nior, to the sacred Maiestieof Klizabelh Quoene of llngiand, shewing that vpon
her request, and for her sake '•specially, hce graunted peace \nto the King and
kingdomc of Poland.

GLoriosisvima & splendore fuigidissima fii'minarum, selecifssima Princcps magnanimi^runi
Iesvm seciantumi, regni iiu lyti Angliir Hegina Sereni.ssima Elixabetha, nuKleratrix renim k
negoliorum omnium plebis & ramili.e Na/;ireniirum sapienlis^ilna; Origo spiendnris Ac nh>.
riiu dulcissiina; nubes [)luuiaruni gratissima, lieres iV domina beatitudinis Si gloria* rc^ni
inclvti Anglia? ; :i(i ((iiam omnes supplicc'* confiiginni, incrcnieniuni omnium renun & ac-
tionum Serenitati-i vestra" beaiioirmim, e\itus(|iii' rorli(i>simos a ("reatore omnipotentc up-
tantes, muuiat|U(- & pcrpefua familiaritate nostra (ligna\oln iV: laude-> sempiternas oderenlc*:
Signilicamus .Scr. ve>lr,T aniicissimi' ; (itii:i sunt anni aliquot, a (piibus annis polcnlis-imi
Ca-saroa celsiiiido bclla inctliibilia I'li C'asul-bas, Principe n('m|)e Persaruni gcssil ; raiimit
quorum bellorum in jiartcs a!i;is |)rlifi munere noluil, ob eamque causam in pariibus Polmiiir
latrones quidam Cosaci nuncupnti, tV alij ficinorosi in partiliiis illis e\istentes,!iul>dilos (';c-
saris p()tcntis>^imi turbare & inlVstarc rion (li->.icrunt. Nunc autcn> jiarilbus Prrsicis ((iniixi-
sitis iV ajjsolutis, in partibus Poioniu,' & :ilijs parlibiis exurgenfes I'acinorDsas punirc con-.ti-
tuens, Ik-tjlerbegd (ira'cia- exercitu ali(|iu) adiuncto, & Prim ipi Tartaroruni mandaio ('.T<.iri«
misso, anno proximt" pra-terilo pars aliqua Hegni P(doiiia.* infc-tata, turbati & deuastaia I'uii,
& Cosaci alijq; facinorosi iuxia nieriia sua piiniti fuerunt. Quo rex Poionia; \iso duos le;;alcn
ad Ca-sarea ccNitudinc mittens, quod facinorosos «'X(iuirere, & poena |)erl'ecfa punirc, i^i; ah
annis muitis ad portam {"a!sarc;e celsitudinis missnm munus augerc vellet, signiliraiiii.
Ciesarea aulem celsitudo (^cui Creator omnipotens tantam suppedilauit potentiani, \' qiiie
omnes supplices exaudire ilignata est) supplicatione Regis Poloniae non accepta, itcruni in
regeni Polonix excrcitum suum inittcre, & Creaioris omnipotentis auxilio regiuim eius >ul)-
uertere conslituerat. Veruni Legato Screnitatis vestra; in porta beata <S: fulgida Ca'sarcic
celsitudinis residcnte se-tc interponcnte, Kl qu<id Serenitati vestra; ex partibus I'oliMiia-,
fruges, puluis, arboresnauiu, tormenta, \' .ilia necessaria suppediterantursignidcante, A: paccni
pro regno & rege Poloniae i)etente, ncu^ regnum Polonia" ex parte Ca;sarc» cclsiiiidini*
turbaretur vel infesfarefur intcrcedente, Serenitalisque vestra: banc singularem esse vii-
hintatei;iexponente, Legali serenitatis \estra: significalio & intercessio cum Casarcie cclsiiii-
dini signilicala fuisset. In fauorem screnitatis vestra", cui omnis honos & gratia debetur, iuxia
moduin pncdictum, vt Cosaci facinorosi cxquirantur &: poena pcrfecta puniantur, aut rati one

tHuncris

t. to the Qi(if;ir.

A dollciN, whirh
Jassas, which are

late yccrcs by
I to !tixc crownet

these two ahoiic-

dc, which may l)e

r otherwise, then

ideiit ouer other

Signior, although

n. The Spanish

1 not accordini; to

Signior, he had

; cochule.l a truce

iO. he was nut aJ-

e Grand Sig-
ng that vpoii
lie King and

'ps magnanimorum
Kleratrix renim it
plendorir* ic ^It.
lis & gloria- rvpn
nium rerum & ac-
c otnnipoteiite up-
pi ternas oflerentcv
atinis poteiilis-imi
•urn gestiit ; raiimie
in paniliiis I'oliuiiii'
ente-i, Mibililos ('le-
iis I'rrsicis i()ni|iii-
)sas punire (MM-ti-
in maniiato (',T<ari>
ta & (leiiaslala liiit,
ill; \ iso duos leyalo't
•I'etta punirc, iS; ah
vcllet, signilicaiilt.
potentiani, iV qiiiP
atcepta, iterum in

regiuiin ciii* >uh-
& fiilnjida C.Tsarcx

1 partibiiH I'oldiiia-,
ijtiilicante, i"t paiem
'aisaria; reUimdiiii*
ingtiiurein esse vn-
iin Casarca; ccUitu-
[jiatia debetiir, iu\ta
iiiiantiir, aiit ratiuie

muiuris

let. to the Quteiif.

TKAl'lIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES,

41S

muncris aliqiinnttili eornm delirta rodoncntur, hue inqiiam eonditionc literfn C.T^iarea eelsifu-
dinis ad Heijem I'oioni.p sunt dat.x. Si aiitein e\ parte Serenitatis vestrne fopdiis it pax solli-
litata non fiiisset, nulla ratione C'lesarea cclsituilo tedus cum regno I'olonia' inijsset. In
I'auorem auiein Serenitatis vpstric regno & Uegi Poloniic singiilareni gratiain ('icsarea celsi-
Indo exhibuit. Qm-d fi'iiii Serenitas vestra, q'li^'ti r;i,im Rex «.V regnuui Poloniii' sihi cerl('i
iicrsuadere dcbciit. Serenitaiein veitram '/cue l'n'Iiei-siin<;quc \ak're rupimus, Daluin Cmi-
stnntinopoli in (ire niensis Sabaiim nurriipnti, Anno prophetje nostri sariati Malunncddi
Mongente^inio, nonn^esimo, octauo. I ;sv vero Anno inillcsinio qiiingcntesinio nonagesimo,
die (lii'iderimo niensi!i Iiiiiij.

'i'hc same in English.

M()st glorious, and the most resplendent of women, most select Princesse, most gratious
lili/.aheih Qncene of the valiant lollowers of lesiis in the fainoiw kingdom of England, most
wise goueniesse of all the atliiircs and InisineMses of the people and family of the Nazarens
most sweet founfaine of brightnessc and glory, most acceptable cloud of raine, inheritres-Jc
iS: Ladie of the l)les'.i'(lnes..f and glorv of the renowmed kingdomc of England, to whom
in humble wise all men oiler their petitions : wishing of the almightic Creator most hap-
))ie increase and prosperous siiccesse vnio all \oiir Maiesiics allaires and actions, and of-
fering v|) miitiiall ifc pcrpeliiall vowes worthy of our familiarity, with eternall prayes ;
In most friendiv manner we signilie vnto N'xiur princely Ilighiiesse, that certaine yeeren
past the most iiiightie Cesarlike maiestie of the (irand Signor waged vnspeakeable warre*
with Casiil-bas the I'rince ol the Persians, in regarde of which warres he would not goe
in battell against aii\ other places; and for that cause certaine iheeues in the partes of
I'olonia called Cosacks, and other notorious persons lining in the same partes ceased not t(»
iroulile and mo'est the sul)ic( t- of our most mightie Kmperour. Hut now hauiiiK (inished
and brtiunht to some good issue his allaires in Persia, deiermining to punish the saide malelac-
tors of Poland, and for that purpose rommitling.ui army vnto the Heglerbeg i.'f (Jrecia, and
the yeerc la«.t pa*t, sending his imperiall c<immauiulement vnio the Prince ol the 'I'ariars, he
liaili for raged, molested, and la\ed wa«te some part of the kiiigdome of Poland, and the
('( «acks and oiher notorious otii-nders hane receiucd condigne punishment. Which the king
iif Poland peiieiuiiig sent two Embassadouis to his imperiall Ilighiiesse signifviiig, that lie
uoiild hunt DUi the said malefactors, and indict most scuere punishment'. \ p 'ii them, and
.ilso tliat lie would better his gift, which he hath for niaiiv yeere* heretofore onlinarilv sent
Miiotlie pon h of his imperiall Highne>se llowbeit his inipcriall maiestie (vjion whom the
jliiiighlie cri'aior hatli ln'stowed so i;re(it power, and who vouchsareth to L'iue eare vnio all
humlile suppliants^ iclKling the suppli(ation of the King of Poland, determined aij.iine ff>
«ciid his arniie against the said king, and bv the helpe of the .Mniiglitie creaior. vtierlv to
siibucrt and oiierlhrowe his kiii'^doine. IJut y ur .Maiesiies lanbassadour resident in th'-
Messed aiul glorious poK h of his imperiall lligluicsse interposing himselfe as n mediatoiir
sii;iiil\ing that from the partes of Poland \i\\ were luriiisheil with <(-riie, giin-powiler. masies
nfsiiips, guns, and other nec(ssaries, an<l ciauing pence on the behalfe of the kiiigdome
and kmu ol Polaiul, and iiiakiiur iiil< rression, that tfic said kini; minht ii"l be molested nor
in uhlfd hv the mcanes ol the {;rand Signor, I'v dcdarmg that this was m nr .M.iiesiies most
laniesi desire; so sooiie as the report and intercession of your Niaicstics limliassadour wa«
signitied \nio the (irand .Signor, lor voiu'sake, Mifo wh(im all honour and faiioiirabte reijard
is due, xpon the c.>n<liiion aforesaid, nan.elv, that the wicked Cosatks might he sought on*
uiid urieiiously punished, or that their olU-iu cs might be remitted for the value of some small
tilt. \pon this coiuiiiion [ 1 sas ) the letters (il his imperial! Ilighiiesse were sent vnto the king
(,f I'oland. llowbeit had not this con<lusir.n of lea<jue and ;iiniiie beene sollieited on the
belialfeof uiur .M.iiestie, his inip<Tiall Ilighiiesse woulil in'uer liaiie \ouchsaled tbesamexnlo
ilie kiiigdome of I'oland. Hut for vour .Maiestii's saKe his imperiall Highnesse liath e\hiliit«'d
liiis so singular a I'auour vnto the said king and kingdoine of Poland. .And hereof your
Maiestie and the king of Poland ought certainelv to l-e ]ierswaded. We wish vour Maiestie

Mil. II. ;j K most

434

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Turkic Pate«u.

most happily and well to fare. Giuen at Constantinople in the ende of the moneth called
Sabat^, in the ycarc of our sacred prophet Mahomet 'JOH, and in the yeerc of \cm* 1590, the
Iti of lune.

The second letters Patents graimted by the Qiicencs Maiettic to the Kijjht wor-
Hhipfull rompanie of the finglish Mnrchantit for the Lcuaiit, the iteucnih of lanu-
arie 1598.

ELizabeth by the grace of God Qnccnc of Rnglaiul, rranrc, and Irclandc, dcfviuler of
the faith &c. To all our OflfiicrH, mini-tteri ;in<l siibiocts, and to all other people aswcll
within thiH our Realnic of Eiij;!and, as else wIhto \iidcr our obcyHancc and lurisdirtion or
otherwise vnio whom the»c our jctter-i shal he seenc, shewed, or read, Brccling.

Where our welbcloucd subiects Edwanl ()Mbornc kni^Itt Alderman of our citie of London,
William Harebornc P.^tquire, and Richard Slaprr of our saide < itic Xfarchaiit, hauc by great
aduenlure and indtistric with their great cost and charj;es by the sjiace of sundry late )vttv^
trauellcd, and caused trauell to be taken .isweil by secrete and ^ood nu-ancM, as by daunncroiiH
wayCH and passages both by landc and sea to (inde out and set open a trade of marc liaiiili/e
and (raflikc into the landes, llandcs, Ddminions, and territories of the great Turke, iMinimcilv
called the Grand Signor, not before that time in the memoricnf any man now liuing kiiowi ii
to be commonly vsed and frequented by way of marchan<li/.e i)y any ilie n)arfhair"i or (uIut
mibiectes of vs or our progenitors : And also banc by their like good meaiies and InduHiiic
and great charges procured of the saydc (irand Sijjnor in our name, amitie, saletic ami I'rec-
(1^ dome for tr.idc and tralTike of marchandi/e to be vsed and continued by our subiccts uiihin
hissayd dominions, whereby we |)erctiue and linde thai both many good anions haue Iutup
done and performed, and hereafter are likely continually to be done and performed for ilu-
peace of Christcndome : Namely by the reliefe and discharge of many Christians whicli \\.\w
beene, and which hereafter may happen to be in thraldomc and bondage vnder the s.imIc
Grand Signor and his vas.sals or subiects. And also good and proiitable vent and vlter.inci*
of the commodities of our Healme, and sundric other great bciielites to the nduancemeiu of
our honour and dignitie Hoyall, the maintenance of our Nauie, the encrca>c of our custonics,
and the reuenues of our Crowue, and generally the great wealth of our whole Healme.

And whereas wc are enformed of ihcsaul Kdward Osborne knight, William Harebornr,
and Kichard Staper, that George Uarne, Richard Martine, loliu Ilarte knight*, and other m;\x-
cluuits of o'lr say<l Citie of London hauc by the s|)ace of eight or nine ) ceres past iuviu'd
thenisclucs in companie, trade and traflike with them the sayd Ivdward Osborne knij;ht,
William lI:irebornc and Richanl Staper, into the s,iyde donunions of the sayd great Turke,
to the furtherance thereof and the good of the Realine.

And whereas further it is made knowen vnto vs, that within fewe yceres now past our loll-
ing and good subiects Thomas Cordall, E<lward llolnujlen, William Ciarraway and I'aiil ban-
ning, and sundry oilier merchants of our said Citie of London, haue likewise at iheir gn-at
costj's and charges, buildcd and furnished diuerscgood and scruiceablc shippes and therewith
to tlieir like cosLs and charges li.iue traded and frequented, and from time to time doe trade
and frequent and traftikc by sea with the comnuKlities of our Realnie to Venice, Zante, Candic,
and Zephalonia and other the dominions of the Sc;^nii rie and State of \enice, and thereby
haue made and niainteyned, and doe make and continually maintainc diners good shipper
with mariners skiifull and litte and necessarie for our seruicc : and doe vent out of our Realine
into those partes diuerse commodities of our Realine, and rctiirne hither into our savde Rcalnie
many good and neces.sarie commodities for the common wealth thereof: All wliiih Ir.iffike,
as well inward as outward vniill it hath beene otherwise brought to passe by the savile cii-
(leuniirs, <:osts, and charges of our sayde subiects, \\as in elicct by our subiectes wlioly di*-
coiitinued.

Kiiuwc yee, that hereupon wc greatly teiidring the wealth of our people and the encoii-
ragenieiit of them and other our louing subiects in their gotnl enterprises for the aduanceincnt
•f lawful! trallikc to the benelite of our common wealth, ha uc of our special! grace, ceriaine

knowledge.

'urkie Fateult,

Turkic Palentfi.

THAFFiaunS, AND DISCOUEIUE«.

49»

knowledge, and mccre motinn y;iiien ami giaiintrd, and by thcsr prcwnt* for v«, ntir hryrrs,
and Kutccj'soiir.'*, doc 'Xnw and ,<;r:iiiiif viito niir nayd triislic ai.d \vi'lt)(>|(<tied Muliicrlos Edwardc
(>(hori)e Kiii){lit, (icuriji' Huriic Kiiii{lit. (u'ori?o notulc kni^Iir, liichard Miiriiiir kiiijrlit,
lolin Ilario kninhi, Ii)l\ii Hawkins knijjlit, Williairi Ma'»'<am, lohit .Spencer, Richard Saltonstall,
Nicholas Mrwii-y AldiTinm of our saydc (.'ilic of l.oiulon, William Uarcl)nrnp, Hdwardc
Ibrlon, William Uorroii^rh I'"i<iiiirps, liichard Srapcr, Tln)Mia« Cordall, llptiric rariuH, 'I'liomas
I.aiirciicr, lulwarili' llnlnudt n, VVilliani (J-irrawny, Robert I)(iwc, Paul Itannin^, Koj;<'r
Clarke, llcnric Andi'r>oi), Robert Olllcy, Philip (Jrimw, Aiidri'wc Hanninn, l;iinrs Siapcr,
Hubert Sndler, I.roiiar.lc Power, Cirop.^c Sailer, Niclu'las Lcale, lohn I'Jdred, William Shalcx,
Ki( hard May, VVilliam \\ ilkes, Androwo rmic^, Aiihiir lackson, Edimiiui A iscll, lialph
.\'*hlcy, ThoinaN l''arrin;;lon, Hoborte Saiidie, Thomas (iarr.iway, Kdwardc Lethia;;-.!", Thomas
Dalkin^, Thnma'i Norden, Uobert H.iie, l/lward Sadler, Kichard Darsall, Kichard Marline
Iimior, Halph Viuh, Nicholas Pcarde, Thomas Simons, and Francis Dorrinfcton, that they
and eucrv of then) by the name of Gonernour and rmnpany of Marchant.s of the Lenant'iiiciiurchiH
fihall front hence foorth for the terme of twelne veercs nc.\f ensuinu the date hereof bee one ?'''"" .'""f i
bodic, fclhiwshippe and eom|)anie of thrmselnes both nideede and in name: And them b\ luw.hipand
the name of Gonrrnoiir and rompanie uf niarehantes of the Leiiant wee doe orday ne, incor-',7vt'ciMh'i'
porate, nnme, and tleclare by these pre^entes, and that the same fellowshippe and companie'hf """""f
from hence foorth shall and may haue one (Jonernonr. And in consideration that the sa\deil',j'um"i"°'
Kdwarde Osborne Knij;lit hath beene of the chiele setters foorih and actors in the opcnini; "f'!"""'-
and pnttin;; in practise of the sayde trade to the dominicnis of the sayde Grand Sii^nor: Wee Lcuu"
doe therefore specially make, ordaine, and constitute the sayde Kdwarde Osborne Kni;<ht, to sirEdmniOf
bre nowe Gonernour during the time of one whole vecre nowe next followina, if bee sn '^"i"/'"'"''

1 I II !• 1 ,• I i- I 1 ' f , • ed the nni

lonjj shall hue ; and alter the expiration ol the sayde yeero, or decease of the sayde EdwanI Oi.utmour.
Osborne the choyse of the next Goncrnou'-, and so of euers Ciouernour from time to time
during the sayde ternie of twelne yeeres to be at the election of the savde fell(iwslii|)pe or
rompanie of inarcharUes of the I.eiiant or the more pari of them yecreiy to be chosen, and
that llicv the «a\de Sir Edwarde Osborne, and all the residue of the savde fellowshippe or
((vnpanie I'f Marchanies of the Lenant and euerie (if them, and all ihe sonnes of them and
n| eiiery of them, and all such their apprenliscs and sernants of ihein and of encrv of them,
\ihich liaiie beene or hereafter shall be imploved in ihe sayde trade bv the space of fonrc
M'cres ( r vpuaides bv themsehies, their seruantcs, factors or dcpuiies, shall and mav b\ the
sp.ice of twelne yeeres from the day of the dale of these our letters Palciiis frcclv trallike,
and vse the trade of Marchandi/.eas well bv sea as liv landc into and from (he dominions of
the sayde (Jraiul S;j;nnr, and into and fro;.i Venice, Zanic, {'andie and Zephalnnia. and olherArru"i«d{t
the dominions ol the Sii;niorie and Stale of Vetiice, and aUo bv lande through ihe Countriesf"'^''^' ' '"
(>r the savde (jrand Sij;nor into and from the East India, l.itelv disconcred bv lohn N'ewberie.
linlph Filch, William Leech, and lames Siorie, sent with our leliers to that purpose al the
(.roper costs and charijc of ihe s,iyde Marchants or sonic of ihein : .-nul into and fn.ni ciierie
of them in such order, maniur, lorme, liberlie and conililion to all internes and purposes
a» shall be betweene tliein of the sayde fellowshipjie or companie of Marchanies of the
bciiant or the more pan of them for the time beinjj limited and aj,'recd, and not otherwise,
wilhont any molestation, impvachment, or disturbance ; any lawe, statute, vsajje, or diuer-
siiie of Religion or faith, or any other cause or matter whatsocuer to the contraric notwith-
-lanilinjf.

And that the savde Governnnr and companie of Marchantes of the Leuant, or the greater
I':iri of them for the better yo rrnenient of the savde fellowshippe and companie, shall atod
iiiay>within forlie dives next and imniediatiy followinn; alter the date hereof, and so rrom
lliencc foorth yeerely during the continuance of this onr <;raunt, assemble themsehies in
M'ine conuenient place, and that fliey or the j;realer parte of them being so assembled, shall
;in(l mav elect, ordaine, nominate, and appoint twelne discrecic and honest perKons of the
^a^(l(■ companie to be as<istants to the savde Gouernonr, and to continue in the saydc oihcc
I'l a»-.iiilants, \ntill thev shall die or bee retnoned bv the sa\de (Joucrnour and companie ftr

J K y ■ ■ the

M ■•,

1 1

t »'

' ■ ,1

tli) I I

'^'

•v<

I ii ■

•Ml 'l

t i

V()YA{;r,S, NAUIGATIONS.

Turkic Pdtiiils.

the Rrratcr part of Ihctn. And if ii happen llir wydo a-xiRfantcn or nny of rhcin to dir, nr
!)«• rcmooiud from ihrir "t.isdo otIUr at anir lime duhiijf llu* (i)niinii;in<p of ihU our Krauni :
that thrti ami in often it hIi.iII and mas bee iawlull to ami for tlio sawle (ioiiiriiour and <.ini-
paiiii- id' manhanteH of the I.euant, or tin- );reaier pari of ihein to elerl and ehnne nnc dr
more oilier perMiiix of ihc -avd lompanie into (In- pl.it e or pLu iw of enei\ mhIi pcrs.u nr
person;* sn dsinj; or happeiiui;; lo !«• rcnioipuivl. as i-. aliir("«.iv»le. And wee \sill and (inlaiiic
ilial tlie Maine person or persons so an i^ afi'reiaide |o he clei ii'd shall he of the sayd niiinlicr
4if a«iisinnlH id' the navde eonip.mie. Ami iITh lo he dniie -o ol'ieii as the ( ase »hall sn re-
tpiirc. And that il xliall and max he lawl'nll lo and for tin- sasde !'.dward<' Oshorne Kni^iu,
(«eor)'e Hanie Kninhl. (ieorne llomU- knii;hl, liidianl Marline ki.i;ilil, lolin Mart kiii;;|,i,
lohn llaukins kiiiuiil. William Mass.mi, Inlin Sjniieer, Uii hard S.diunslall, Nichidas Miislc\,
William llaiehorne. Kdwarde llarlon, Wilhain Borroiinh. Uirhard Slaper, 'flionian Ci rd.ill,
lleinie I'arnis, rhomas Lanreine, Kdwarde llohniden, William (iarraw.iv, HoIhtI |)i,\sc,
I'aiil Haiiniiii;, Hojjcr Clarke, llenrie Andeisoii, Ihiheil Oilliy, I'hihp (irimes, AimIiivm
Hanniti)';, lames Stapor, Holiert Sadler, I.eon.irde I'cwir. (ienrne Sailer. Nnholas l.ciir,
Idhn KIdrcd, William Shales, liii liard May, Willi, im Wilkes, Aiulrewe Fones, Arllnir l.n ;,.
.fon, lulmnnd Aiisell, Kalph Ashley, 'riv.m.is |Mriii.L:i<in. Hoherle Sandie, rhdinai (iarra».u,
Kdwarde Leihiande, Tliomas Dalkins, Thomas N'ordcn, Itolierl ImIi-, l^lward Satller, Kidiir,!
Uarsall, Itii hard Marline lunior, Kalph I'ilih, Ni. Imlas I'eanle, Thomas Siiicns, and IVumn
Dorrinnton aforosavde, or a'lv td lliein to as«cmhle llieniselnes Tipr or ahout .my the imiIUm*,
eaiises or alTiiies or Im-inesses iiT the s;i\ ijc trade in an\ plaie cir plaei's Cor the Hame eonncinnii
from lime to linu- iliirin^ the sasde lerme ofiweliie yeeres within onr domiiiioiiN or idst \\\nTf
And that al-. il shall and niav liee lavvfiill for them orlhemore pari id fhein lo make, ordaini'.m,!
eonsiiiiiti reasonabU' lawes and orders for the ^ooil ^ourrnemenl of the saydc eompanie, .iinl
for the heller adiiam emeiil ami I'oiiliniiame (d llie s.iydi- trade and tradike : the samp l:iu(.
and ordinances not heinu eonirarieor repiiijnanl lo ihe lavvj's, siatnles or di^toines nl i.iir
Uealme: And the ^iamc iaues ami oidinames so in ide to put in \re, and execute aecordiii;;l\,
and at their ple.isnres to reuoke and alter the sime Lnve» and ordinaiue't or any uf them j.
occasion shall reipiire.

And ue die also lor \s, onr he\re-» and successors id' onr sprciall ^raie, rert.iine knnw.
le(l;;e. and mccre motion uruiini lo and with the s.imI (ionernonr and eompanie of marchaiiiis
of the I.enant, that mIu'II and as ot'trn al an\ time <liirini; ilie sdmIc terme and spaicoi
Iwelue veeres as any i iistomc, poii<lai;e, subsidie or other diietie shall he due and p;i\.dilc
xnto \s, onr h«'ires, or successors Tor anv ^joods or man handi/e whatsoi-iier, to be earned ir
transported out ol ihis onr port of London into anv the dominions afore-aviU', or onl ol it
from anv ihe sayde dominions vnto our sayde port of I.oiulon, that onr Ciislomers, ami all
other our ('nicer-i lor reeeiles rd' ciistome, pondage, snbsidie or other ihu'lie viito uhmn ii
shall apperlainc, shall \ pon the request id" the s.ivdc (loueriioiir for the lime bi-iii',', ijliir
Mito the savile eompanie three inoiielhes lime for the p.iymnilof the f)neh.ilfe, ami olhci iliire
nunicthcs for the p.ixnient of the other h die cd their s,iy(le ciislcme, |ionda|>e, or oilu r «iili.
sidie or dnetie for the same, rerciiiin;; jjood and sulTu lent bomb- and seciiriiie to onr \>f li r
the pavmenl of the same aicordini^lv And vpon receipt ol the savde bonde to i^iiic ilieni
I'lit their cockels or other warrants to lade out and reci'iue in the same their ;;i nds bv \ci-
ine hcreid' without any disiurb.mc e. .\nd thai also as olien as at anv lime diirint; die
►ayde terme of Iwelue yeeres anv jj( (ids (.r marchandi/.e of any of the sa\de eompanie
laden from ihis onr |)ort of London in anv the ilon\iMions b«doresj\dr shall h.ippen in
misearic before ihtir safe disiharge in the j)ail(s lor and to the which ihev be sent
That then and so ofteii so much tustome, pondage, and other subsidie as thev answered
vs for the same, shall after due nroofe made before the 'Treasiironr of I''n<iland lor the time
bein;j of the sayde los.se, and llu- iiist (pianiilie thereof, be by the vertiie hereid' allowed
vnto them, by warrant of the sayjie Treasiironr to the saydc (."iistomers in the ne\l mar-
rhaiuli/e that th«'y shall or may shippe for those partes, according to the true rates of ilic

ciistnnif',

'liirkic PiiUnls.

Tnrkle Pulent*.

THAFIUIUKS, AND niSCOUF.lUES.

437

' them to dio, nr
iliin nur Kriiitnt :
(Tiinur niul ( ntn-
mil I'tuiKC one or

«ii< It pirsi.ii (If
\\\\\ and <>ril;iiiii'
till" s.iyd iiiiiiilicr

1 .isr Hhiill ><ii ri'-
0>l)oriic knijjiii,
iiliti Hart kiii;^lir,
Ni<lu)la<4 Mdijcs ,
'riicimas Ci rd.ill,
V, Holjcrt |)i,\M',
iriinr», Aiiilicur

Niillidat |,(;ilc,

iiiC'*, Artliiir 1,11 Iv-
rhiimaH (iarraw.u ,
ird Sadli-r, Kii hini
iiirlls, and I'r iiii i.
It .'in llic in iitci.,
I' Ha;ii(' I nniuiiiciii
lidliH (ir vhv ulic re
ninkc, cnlajiic.iihl
idr t'liinpaiiic, .iiui
tlir >aiiif laix-
r I u-l(iiniN ijI (.iir
kcciiti" ai(iirdiii:;l\
or ali\ uf tliciM ,i<

1(0, rrrtaiiif kimw
[)aiiic of niari liaiiic^
kriiu' and -pai «• n|
ic diip and |):i\.ililc
rr, t(i 1)0 larrifd i r
-avdi", or out nl it
('list(inuTH, and all

Ill-til.' \ lltd wllnlll II

(• lime hciii',', ijliir
alfr. and dtlici ilurc
dan*', or ollu r -iili-
iritic to our \«i- ti r
xiiidc to ji;iiic llicin
llu'ir j;iio(U liv \fi-
V tinii' diirin<4 tlic
hf sa\d«' (nMiitaiiif
Ic shall lia|i|U'ii in
liii h ihov 1)1' s( III
if as tlu'S aii-wcTcd
!ii<>laiid lor tlic time
rtiu' hcroof allowed
rN in till- in\l iiiar-
ihc true rates of Ihc
cii-tdinr^,

(•ii»t()inp«, pondage, or nubtidJM hrretoforp pnydc for the ^omU so limt or any part or parctdl

ilicreof

And lor that the s.ivde ('om|ianir are like rontiniially to liriii>; into this our Heainie n much
;;rcaler tiuaiilitie ol' forreii coinniodilieM from the forri'ii Countrejes, (ilaroo, or territorirn
.il'iiresaiile, then here can he spent for the necessarie vse of liic same, which id' npcesdiiic
inii'.t he iraiis|ioried into other tountre\es, and there \ent«-d, we for vs. our heirex .'iiid
siKcessors ol our special! (jrace, certaiiir kiiowledt;e, and meeic nintioii doc jrrauiit to and
Willi the savd (ioiicrnoiir and cdin|i.ini<- that at all times frnni lime to liine diiriii){ ihc spare
of llinleeiie nioiu-ths next after the discharije of any the savde j^dods so hronuht in, and the
MiN-.idics, pondaue, cUHtonies and other duiics for the same hciii;; hel'ore haiide paydc or
ininpoiindcd for as al'iirc^ayd, it shall he lawfuM for them or any of them (ran\ other person
or |icrsons whatsoeiier licin;; mtiirall stihiccts of the Keahiir which may or shall huy the samp
of them or any id' them to iransporl the same in lCn|>lish hollomes freely out of Ihi'* Itealmc
without pa\mciil of anv I'liriher ciisloine, pdnda>;e, nr other subsidie toy-, our heires or
"ticces-idis fur l!ic same, whereid' the sa\de suhsidic's, piindai;e, or customes or other duties
shall !)«• Ml formerlv payde and eoin|)ouii(led for, as aforesayd, and so proiied. And the savd
ciisiomer l)v vcrliu- herecr -hall vpon due and sullicieiit prnole ihereid'made in the ciistomc
liuiisc nine them -unicieiit eoc ket or cerfdic.iie lor the safe passjnir out thereof aecordiii)>ly.
And to ihe cnde im decii|)t he vscd herein to \s our heirC't, and siii ( c-^-drs, lerlilliile sh.di
!)<• hroiiuhi from our cdllcctir dl'cusidinc inwanles to our ciistoimr oulwardcs that the sa\d
marc h.iiidi/cs liaue within the lime limited answered theirdiie ciMdine, siihsidic, pdnda:;e and
other diilies for the same inwards.

,\iid furthermore we of our ample and ahminilant jjrace, meere moiion.and certainc kiiow-
lcd;;e haue ;;rannted, and bv these pre«en|s fir \s our lie\ res and siiicessniirs doe 'iraiint
Mill) the said (iouemoiirs and companie of marchanles of the l.ciianr, that tlicN and snih
oiielv as he and «hall he oflhit coinpanie, sjiall lirthe«a\d tc'rme of tweliie yeeres haue,
Vse. ami eniov the wlioK' and oiiciv tr.ide and tiallike, and the whole entire and onelv liber-

lie, \-e, and priiiilejje id' Iradin;; and tiMlVikinL;, and vsiiii; IVate .d

man h.indise

1(1

iliroir^h the I.euant sias oihervvi-e ( ailed the Mediterran <i as into and from t e savd domi-
ninns <d' the (Irand Si:;nor, and doniinioiis id' the slate dlN'enire; and bv and ihrdU);h the
«avd (irand Si^iidrs doininions to and I'l-om sui h other places in the I'.ast Indies di^couercd
.IS aforesavd And thai ihev the sivd (ioiicriiour :'iid c.iinpinle id' inarclianis id' tile I.euant

id eiicrv piriKuhr and seuer.dl pt

I'l-sDii of that (■'

impanie their and eiiery one

eir

senianfs, l'a( tors, and depiiiies sliall banc full and free aiilhoriiie, liliertie, faciiltie, licemc,
and power to trade and tr.ilVn ke by a'd thr. iiuh the s^iyd I,ciia'it seas into and from all and

ciicrv

th.

d d.

and ihi

de I

id' the savde (irand Simior, and the dominions of the state of

lulies, aiu

il il.ti

and from a

II pi. ices wiere bv o( casioii id the savd

Ir.ide they sh.ill happen to arriiie or cour, v.hiilier thev be ChrisTMiis, fiirkes, (ientilcs, or
rs: .And b\ and tlir iij;!i the sayd I.eii.iiil seas into and from all other seas, riiurs, portes.

otJK

iet;ions, terrilories, dominions, co.istes and places with their ships, h.irkcs, jiin -c-. aiui olhc
vessels, and with such marircrs ami men as they will lea.lo or haue wiih them, or >eiule for
the sasde trade as thev shall thinke j;i>od .;t their owne eostes and CNpenses.

.Viid for that the shippes saylii'u into the -,iyde ('ounlreyes must take theirdiie and proper
limes to proceede in the-e voya;j;es, vvliii h otherwisi- as wee well pcr( eiiie can not be pcr-

loimc

il in the rest id'the \eeie I'olli

■fh

lerelore we of mir special! i;r.ice, certaine know-

\i\\fiv, and meere motion for vs, mir heyres and successor- doe ^r.iiint to and with the s,iv(t
(luiiernoiir and i oinpanie id' .Man hanles (d' the I.eiiai.t, thai I'oine u:oo.l -hippeswell furnished
with ordinance and oilier miiniiion for ihcir delence, and ivvo hui.drcd inariiiicrs Kn^li-h men

to iiiiide and savie in the s;iine foiire

;ies at all limes (liirint; the savde twdiic vceres shall

ipiietlv bee permitted and snllcred to (i( part an 1 ;;oe in the savde vi>vaj;es, accordinj; to the
purport of the«e presents, without any s ay or contraiiiction bv vs, (uir hevrcs and successors,
or hv ;!ic I.orde hi"h .\dmir,iil or anv other ollicer cr subiett of vs, our hcircs or successoiin*

Ilk

h '

I '

■i I.

M;!. JvlNliil

III M

i :'

438

.>4

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TMr^i'c Puientx,

ill any wise : Any restraint, lawe, statute, vsage or matter whatsoeuer to the contr.irie iioi-
witlistanding.

Prouided neuertiiclessc, that if wee shall at any time within the sayilc tweliie yeercs h:iue
iiist cause to arme our Nauie in warrelikc manner in def-'nce of our Hea^iie, or for oIK-ncc
of our enemies : and that it shall be founde iieedefull and conucnient for vs lo i( ync to our
Nauie the shippes of our subiects to be also armed fi>r warrcs to sui h number as tunnot hoc
su|iplied if the savd foure shippes should l)e |>ermiltc'd to dep.irt as abouc is inentioiie'I ;
then vpon knowIed;je gincn by vs or our Admiral) to the sayde Gouernour or compaiiiK
about the tiftecnth day of the moncth of March, or three inoneihes before the saide coni-
))anic shall bej;inne to make readic tlie same fourc shippes that we may not spare the sjvd
foure ships and the marrincrs requisite for them to be out ol our Kialmc diirinj; tlie time tlmt
our Nauie shall be vpon the seas, that then the sayde eompanie shall forheare to send such
foure shippes for their trade of marcliandisc vntill that we shall retake our sayd Na: ie from
the savd seniice.

Ami further our will and pleasure is, and wee doe by these preseiites j;raunt that if iiliall
be lawfull to and for the sayd Gouernour and eompanie of Mariliantes of tlie I.euani tohauc
and \se in and about the allaires of the sa)de eompanie a common seale for matters eoiucrn-
iiij; the s:- Ie eom|)anie and trade. And that also it shall be lawfuil for the NIarchants, Ma-
riners. Sea-men, which shall be vsed and implciyed in the sa\de trade and voyage Iomi

and ph; in the toppcs of their ships or other vessels the Amies of En^^laiid with the reddc-
erosse in white ouer thcsrinu* as heretofore they haue vsed.

And we of our ""iirthcr luisall l:iu(Uir and of our espeei ill grace, cerlaiiie knowledjje, ainl
meere motion haue (rr.iuntcd andbv these prcsenti for v«, our hc\resand successors doefjrauni
to the savd (.' uernour and eompanie of Marrhants of the Leiiant, that the sayde landes, ter-
ritories, and ^lomir;il)n^ of ilie s;i\ile Grand Si^nor, or the dcrainidiis of the Signioiic il
Venice, or an\ of iheni within the savde Leuant or Mediterran seas shi^ll not be visited, iVc-
quented, or haunted b) the savde I.eunnt sea bv way of march uuli/e by any other our ^iil)-
iects (lurini; thes.iidc :,..,i,,- of tueli.e veercs contrarie to the true meaiiini; of these presciitc>.
And bv \erfue i-f our i.Tcroualuje ii; ..ill, whiili wee will not in that behalle hane ari;ucil i,r
brouuhl in tjueslidU, wee -lr.n.;hllv rli.iri!i-, (onniiaunde and prohibite for vs, our hevresaiul
suc( e^scHUN all our vubiccti I'l what ile^^rec or tjualitie -ioeuer thev bee, that none of tluni
<lirecilv or indirectly i!oe virile, haiir.t, frequent, trade, tralVike oraduenture l)y way of lu.ir-
( hatuli>c into or fmni any nf the savd (Idjiiiiiifjiis ol the ^avd (iraiul Si^nor, or the doniinidii'.
of the saide Se;;i>i('iif of X'enice, by or thi()u;;h the savde Leuant sea other then the savii
Gouernour and Ciim])aiiie of mar. liants ol the l.eiiant, and sudi particular persons .is be r:
shall be of that c.:mpanie, their factor-, af;eiits, seruants arul assigues. And further for that
wee i)laiuel\ vnderstaude th.it the States and Goneniours of the ciiie aiul Segniorie of Vcniii-
haue of late time set and ray.sed a uewc impost and char^ie ouer and be-ides their aum ier.i
impost, custome, and char;;*' of and vpon .ill manner of niarchandi/e of our liealme lin iiuli!
' ito their dominions and al-o of and vpon all iiiarchandisc c.irieti or laden from their -.ml
Countrcy or dominions by our subiects or in the ship-, or bottoms of anv of our subiei it - i.i
the j;reat and infollerable ( harge and hinderance of our savd suhiet t> tradin;^ thiihcr, xvci'
therefore minding the redresse thereof, doe al.so liv these presents for vs, our heires ami -ih
ccssors further straightiv prohibite and forbid luit onelv the subiects of the savde Stale aiul
Segniorie of \'enice, but also of all other Nations it Countries whatsoeuer other then tlie
savd (Jouernour and eompanie of marchanis of the I.euant, and such onelv as be or shnlj be
of that com])anie, their factor-, agent-, serii.intes, andassigne-; fhat tliev or anv of iheiii
during the .sayde tcrme of twelue v ceres, -hall bring or cau-e to be brought into this our
Kealme of Englande, or any part thereof anie manner of small Iruites tailed i.'rraiils, lieiiij;
the ray-ins of Corinth, or v\ine ol Caiulie, vnle—e it be bv and with the licence, con-ent,
and agreement tif the sa'. tie Ciouerntiur and eompanie in writing vndcr their sayd comiuon
scale lir^t had and ubteyncd vpon paine viilo eiicry -uch jicrson and persons that shall trade

and

TiirKic raicntx.

c contr..ric nnl-

Turkie Patents.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

439

and traflike into any the xayde dominions of the State and Sepniorie of Venice by sea, or
that shall bring or cause to be brouj-ht into our saide Realme any of the said corrants being
the raysins of Corinth, or wines of Candia, other then the sayd roni])anie in paine of our
indignation, and of forfaitiirc and losse as well of the shippe and ships with the furniture
thereof, as also of the yoods, merchandize, and thingca whatsocucr they be of those which
shall attempt or presume to commit or doe any matter or thing contrarie to the prohibition
aforesavd. The one halfc of all the saide forfeitures to Vje to vs, our heires and succcssours,
and the other halfe of all and eucry tlu? sayde forfeitures we doe bv these presents, of our
speciall grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion clearely and wholie for vs, our hcircs
and successors, giuc and graunt vnto the saide Gmernour and companic of marchantcs of
the Lcuant.

And fmthcr all and euery the savde oH'endours for their savdc contempt to suffer impri-
sdnnient during our pleasures, and such other puiiisimient as to vs for so high a contempt
sh,\ll seeme mecte anil conuenient, and not to be in any wise deliuercd vntill they and euerv
of them shall be come bnunde vnto the savd Gouernour for tiie time being in the summe of
one thousand poundcs or lesse at no lime, then after to sayle or Iradike by ^ca into any the
dominions nforcsaiile, or to bring or cause to be brought from anv the jilaces aforesaydc anv
corrant", rassins of ('orinlh, or wines of Candia contrarie to oui- expres^c commaundement
in that behalfe herein set ilowne and [nibli>!i('il.

I'rou'dcd alwaycs, and cur e\prcsse will is notwithstanding the premisses thai if our savde
sublet les shall at any lime hcreal'tcr be recoinpiiiscil of and for all «ui h newe impostes and
<harges as ihev and. euerv of them shall pav, and liACwisc be freciv discharged of and from
llie payment of all manner of newe im]),)-te or la\e for anv of their marchamlise which they
iHTeaf'tcr shall bring into or from an\ the d minions of the savde Slate or Segniorie of X'enice,
and fnun all biMides and other as-\nanie-. bv them or anv of lliem to be made for or in thiit
lichallV, that then inunediatlv IVoin and after -uch reconipence ami discharge made as afure-
>.a\de our sa\de prohibition and ro^ir.iint in lliese prcsentes mentioned, shall not be of any
••trciigth or Ion i aj,ain>l the sayde (itie or Stale of Veniie, orany the •■ubiects thereof, but
(it and during such time oiiely and in such ia>e when hi'icarier the savde State of Venice
shall againe beginne to la\c or Icuic anv n anncr of newe imposle within the savde dominions
\|)on an\ the gonds or nianhaiuli/cs of our savde subiectes hecrealter to bo brought into any
the diniinions of the said State or Segniorie of X'enice. Any thing in these our letters Patents
iciiiia. ncd to the contrarie thereof in anv wise notwithstanding.

Nnil finlher wee >traightly charge r.ml commanndc, and bv these prcsentes prohibile all
and singular Cuiloiiirrs and Collectors of our Cu^tomes, ponda ;e, and sub-idies, and all other
Offiiers within I ur porte and Citie of I.oiulim and el^e wl-.cre, to whom it shall apjiertainc
and euerv of ihem, fhat thev or any of tluin by lhcinseii;es, ilu-ir clarkes, or substitutes
shall not rcceiue or I ike, or sutler to be ncciued or taken lor vs or in our name, or to our
\sc, or in the name, or vnto the vse of our heires or siiices-iors of anv per>on or persons, any
(•iinime orsummes of nionev, or other consideration during, the sayde terme of fweliie y<'eres
(or any custome, pondage, ta\e or subsidie of any corrants, ravsins of Coii.ith, <>r wines of
I'andie aforesavd -lue onelv ol'and in the name of li.e savde Gouernour ai-d companic of
marrhantes of the I.cuant, or of sonic of Itiat coinpanie without the consci I of the savde Go-
uernour and companic in writing viulcr their savd ci nimoii scale, lirst had and obtevued.and
vnto them shewed for the te«lirving their savd consent. \\u\ lor the better and more sure
obseriuition thereof wee will aiul graunt for vs, our heires i r successors bv these presentes,
that our Treasurour and Haroiis of t'le J'Achci|uer (<ir the li.ne being bv force of these prc-
sentes, and the inrollment thereof in the savde Court of our Ilxchequi ur, at all ; nd euery
time aiul limes during the sayde terme of twelue yeeres, at and vpon the request of the
H.iyde (ioiiernour and coiripanie, their Atl< iirncv or .Xtt.urnevs, Deputies or assignes, shall
and niav make and direct viider the scale of th>' savde Court one or more suflicient writte
orwritlcs t lo-c or patent, vnto euerv or anv of the sayd (aistomers or other Olficcrs to
whom it sliali a|)pcrtaine, commauiuling thcia and euiry of them thereby, that neither

they

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i :m

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i||',;,U

N y./

,. 1

:f!

440

VOYAGES, NAOIGATIONS,

Turliie Pah

ilu-y nor any of them at any time or limes durini; the sayd sp.icc of twcluo ycercs siiall tako
entrie of any corant'*, raisins of Corinlii, or v.incs ofCaiicli.i, or take or make any ajrreemciii
forany custome, pondage, or otiier snbsidic for any of tiic sayd corant-J, raisins of Corinth,
or wines of Candie, with any pcr-ion or ])er-ons whatsocuer, otiier then with, or in the name
and i)v the priuitie of the savd fjouernonr ..iid eoinpanv or some of tiu- same compunv.

And furtluTof onrspeciall j;raee, cerlaino knowled!;e, and nieere motion we haiic coiuie-
■^ceiuled and jfraiiiiied, and l)v tlie-ic pre-^ents for \s our iieirts and siiceessoiirs doe eom'e.M end
and urauni to llie sivd Cionernourjiiid company of marchaiit-iofLcnant, that wee, our iuiresand
sui'crssoiirs, diiriny; the savd lerme, will not j;rannt liberlie, licenie, or power to any piTMin
or persons whalsoeiier coiitrarv to llie lenoiir of tliesr our letter-' patent-, to saile, passe, trade,
or trairKpie \>\ the -avil I.cuant Sea, into, or from the savde dominions of the s.iyd (JraiiJ
Siirnior or the doinioions of the State ol N'enice or any of liiem, eoiitrary to the true nieaniiin
of lhe^e jircscnt-i, without the consent of the savd Gouernciir and Comjianie or tlie most pjrt
of theni.

And will leas Henry l"arrin<;lon and Ht i)r\ I!ewet haue not yet assented to jjee ineorporatiil
into the >a\(l -(x ietie oi (iouernour and ( (ni:panie of ntarehants i 1 I.enant, neuerthelessc- si-
thence, a- we he inionneil, thev haiie hene Iruh-is tliat w.iv heretofore; our will and pleasure
is, and we <li.e hereby evpresselv connnaunil and ihar.e that 'I it happen at am time \>illii:,
luo ini.n<ths luM lollowin;; alter th<' dile hereof, the savd Hciirv l'arrini;toii and Iler.i.
He wet or eitlier of iheni.do submit theinsriues to l>e of tlie savil con.p.iiiie, and doe c;iue suiii
assuranie .is the sivd (iouernour and eompanie, or the more part of then» sh.ill allow of, t;,
beaie, ])a\ , and i)crlorme sin h orders, (diistitntions, paimelits and eontiilnitions, as other cii
the savd lompaiiv shall be ordered to beare, pav, and |)eifonf.e, that tlien ciiery of tl'.e shmI
Hem, I'arrinulon alio Heiirv Hiwet so duinu; and submittiiis; himsell'e. shall v|)oii his or thru
r((|uist \nlo the savil (i. iiernour bee admitted iuli) the savii eompanii' and eorporatiiui of (in-
iiernour and t omjianie ol iii.irihant- ol l.ouaiil, and haue ai.d enio\ the same, and as jjrc.il
liberties, priuileues, am! preheiniiieiue-, as the rest of the sa\d<- ( orjionilion (T conip iiu-

iia\ , ( r ou^ht to haue bv \ ii tue ol this ciii
the contr.ir-, ni luithsiandim;

.\iid c ur will .iiul pleasure is, aiul Inn I
lawfull, to, and hr tlie sa\fle (ioueruniir .r
jiarl of them, In admit int". Mid to l.e ot
shall bee en)])l(iMil as scr. anis, factors, or

lunl. Any thin;; in these presents (rnt, lined

I v\ec il I .i!-o ordanir that it shall and mav hcc
I loMipinv if n:.iri I'.aiil- of l.cnaiit it the nn rr
ll.esawi iiiipiiiie. aiiv >w\\ as haue bene it
ii;i'nts in l!ie Ir.ide il ni.i;i haialisc l)v the s.imI
I.enant se.is, into aiiv the eoiiitrles, doininions or tenitories ol the ».i\d (jr.i.ul Ni^nior i r S ,
niorie or St.ite of Neniie, aceordini. a- ihcv or the ii.ost p,iil if tliem shall tl.inke re(|u -iir.

And where .Viithoin lialelille. Stei.en Some, ,jid II.luil llrooke Aldermen of tin -aidr
Citie i<l LoiufiH, Sinioii Launnie, lohn Walter, I hn N»\»tnn, fhnm.is .\|iddlet-n, Itihni
('o\e, lohii ISliiiii. Charles J'.iith, fhninas liaiius, .Mexander Dause' . l!ii h.iid .Mdworil;
llenrv Co\sllhir-le, Ca -ar Dollie, Mnrline I'linde, O'iiier Stile aiul Niiolas Stile M,n-iha!;'-
of l.ondoii for their abilities and sufl.i ieinies lane bene tin u:;lil lit to be also <d' tlie s.im!
Coinpativ of the saidc j;ouerii( ur .md ( . mpaiiv of .\lar< h.inis oT Lni.int: Our will .el pKa-
suie .ind expre--e i ominaiindeini r.t i-. ,uitl vveedoe herebv <'stabli-li .oil oideiic, tli.it ei,cT\
sill il iif the same Anthoiu K.idi liiic, Siciien Sunir, Hi bert IJro'ike, ^lmoll l,auren<e, flin
W.cties, Iiihn Newton, I lioinas .Midleton, Koberi Co\e, John IJInnt, Cl,arl(> F.ofh, riiniiin-
li.inies, \h'\.ind(r iJaiiscv, Hii liard AliU.nrtli, llenrv Cowllliir^l, Ca-sar iK.IIii-, Martiiic
Uoiiile, Oiiuer ^t^ le, and Nii i las St\ le, as shall pa\ viitoth<' s.iide CJuuernour an-' e' ii pain
of Marehants ol beiiante the sinnine of one hundred and thirtie poiini'e. i'\' lawfull Kn^-lisli
monev wiihiii twoinonethes next alter tl.i- d te hereof lovvards the ehar;;es di.it the same Ci iii-
jjaiiy haiif already bene at in and abi ni the esiablishiiij; id the sayde tiad; s ^li ,11 from t' ea.e-
fi.nrtli bee III the s.nne n 'np,in\ i f Man h.uil-ol l.eiuinl as fullv ,iiul ainplv and in like n..iiur
M an\ other ol (i.at soeietie or ('>iiii]).in\ .

I'roinded also, that woe, our lieires .md sun essours ,if aiiv lime diiiin;; the si\d t^M 1 n
yecres i,;,iv l.iul'ullv a|)po\iitand anih ri/e t\M> otlier persons c\erii-in;; the lawfull trivle 1 1

niari-!:atidi/i .

Turkic Patents.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

441

marchandize, and being fit men to bee of the sayd companie of Gouernour and companie of
iiianhaiit!* of Leiiant, so that the sayd persons to bee nominated or authorized, shall aide, doe,
licarc, and pale sucli payments and charges touching and concerning the same trade and
Companie of niarchants ui' Lcuant, ratablie as other of the sayd Companie of marchants of Le-
iiant shall, and doe, or ought to bearc and pay: and doe also performc and obserue the
orders of the sa\d Companie allowable by this our graunt, as others of the same doe or ought
to doc. And that such two persons so to bee appoynted by vs our hcires or succcssours, shall
niid may with the sayd Company vse the trade and feate ot marchandise aforesayd, and all
the liberties and priuiieges herein before granted, according to the meaning of these our
letters patents, any tiling in these our letiers patents contained to the contrary notwith-
si.uuiing.

I'rouided also, that if any of the marchants before by these presents named or incorporated,
to bee of the said fellowship of (Jouernour and companie of the merchants of Leiiant, shall
not bee willing to continue or bee (if the same companie, and doe giue notice thereof, or
make the same kiiowen to the savd Gouernour within two moneths next after the date hereof,
that then such person so giuing notice, shall no further or any longer be of that companie, or
liaue trade into iliose parties, nor be at any lime alicr that of the same corporation or com-
panie, or vse trade into anv the territories or countries aforesavd.

I'rouided alwayes neuerttielesse, that euery such person so giuing notice and hauing at this
pre-ent anv goods or marchandises in anv the Territories or countreys of the savd Grand Sig-
iiior, or Sc^iiiorie or St.ite of Venii c, mav at anv lime within the s|)acc of eighteeiie moneths
next, anil imnu-.iiatclv following after the dale hereof, liaue free liberlie, power, and autlio-
rilie to rcturiic ilie same it the value therool into liiis Heahne, without vsing any traflique
iheie, lull iiniuediately from thence hither, paving, bearing, answcrinjj;, and performing all
«,i( li charge", (hielies and sumiucs of monev ratablv as oilier of the same corjioration or com-
p.un doc or shall pav, bean', answere, or performe for the like.

I'rouided also, that if any of the persons before bv these presents named or incorporated
1,1 bee of the savil fellov\ship of Gouernour and Companie of the marchants o'" I.euant, or
which hereafter sl.all bie admitted to bee of the savde Corpc ration or Companiv, shall at any
time or limes hereafter refuse to Iwe of the snyd Corporation or Companie, or to heare, pav,
• r lie contributorie to, or not beare and pa\ such ratable charges and .iKowances, or to obserue
IT performe su(h ordinances to bee made as isaforesiyd, a- oiIut of the same companv are,
rr sliall bee orilercd, to beare, paie. or performe, thai then ii shall and mav Ix-e lawl'ull for
ihi" rest of llu' sayd Ciouernour and companie of marchants of I.eiiaut, presentiv to expell, re-
miicuie, and ili<.place euery sui h person -o refusing, or not bearing or paviii;; out, of, and from
ilie savd Ci rpoiation and com|)anle, and from all priiniege, libertie, and prehemiuence which
,mv such person should, or might (laiwf. or haue b\ ,ertue of this our graunt, and in place
iiflhein to elect others exercising the lawfull trade of marchandise to bee of li . sayd Coin-
|)jnie. And that euer\ such person so expelled, reinooiied, or displaced bv consent if the
~;iv(l Gouernour and comp iiiie of marchants of I.euant, or the more jiart of them, shall bee
ii-m thenceloorlh \tt< rl\ disabled lo lake aiiv benelile b\ verliie e' this priuilege, or anv
line alicr to bi'e admitted or receiued ag.iine into the s.iuie, anv thin;', in these presen's
I "iil.i.'icd to the contrary milNvithsiaikliiig.

I'louiiled .ilwayes, that if it shall hcreaflir appeare lo\s, our heires and successours, that
ilii. ■.;raunt or li.e eoiitinuame thereof in ihc whole or in anv part thereof, shall iiot bee pro-
lilahle to Vs. (lur heires ami su' cessours, or to this our realme, th.it then an I from thencefoorih,
|)iin and after eighteeiie moneths warning to bee giuen lo the savd companie by \s, our hcires
..id successours, this present graunt shall cease, bee \ovd, and determined t > all intents, con-
-triK lions and purjioses.

.\ml fiirlhcr of our speciall grai e, cerlaine knowledge, .iiul meere motion, wee liaue Cv)ii-
il( M iiuled and Lir.iiiiilcd. .ind bv these picsenls lor \s, our heires and successours, doe conde-
-icrd and grauiil lo the sasile (iouernoui .iiul i (unpanic of in ii( h.iiits of I.euant, that il at the
( ailc of the sa_\d lerme of iweluc \ eeres it shall seeme ineetc ana coiiucnicnt to the sayile

vol., II. .'J 1. Gouernour

<: ic

..'It

!■ ' ■ '^ I

1 \

■

4-12

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Rich. Wrair.

Gouernour ami Companie, or any the parties aforesayd, that '.his p.esent n;raunt shall bee
continued: And if that also it shall appearc vnto vs, our hcires and succcssours, that ihc con-
tinuance thereof shall not bee preiudic iall or hurtfull to this our realme, but that wee sh, U findc
the further continuance thereof profitable for vs, our heircs and successours and for our .ealnie
with such conditions as are herein mentioned, or with some alteration or qualification tliprcol'
that then wee, our heires and successours at the instance and humble petition of the saydo Go-
uernour and Companie, or any of them so suing for the same, and such other person aiul
persons our subiecles as they shall nominate and a])i)()int, cr shall bee by vs, our hcires niul
successours newly nominated, not exceeding in number tweiuc, new letters patents vndcr ili,
great scale of England in due forme of lawe with like couenants, grauiits, clauses, and arti-
cles, as in these presents are i(int;iiiied, or with addition of olher necosarie articles or diaii".
ing of these in some partes, for, and during the full terme of iwciue yeercs then next fullow-
ing. Willing now hereby, and straightly commaundinu; and charging all and singular cur
Admirals, \'ice-admirals, lustices, \Iaiors, Shirilles. Esclicators, Constables, Bailitl'cs, and ;ill
and singular other our Officers, Ministers, Liege-men and subiects ■whalsocuer, to bee aid-
ing, fauouring, helping, and assisting vnto the sayd Companie ;uul their successours, and tf
their Deputies, OfUccrs, Factors, •icruainils, assigncs and ministers, and eucry of thcni, in
executing and eniming the premisses as well on land as on Sea, from time to lime, i!i: at all
times when you or any of you shal thereto bee required, anv Statute, Arte, ordinance, I'r .
iiiso, I'roclamation or restraint heretofore had, made, >cl foortli, ordained or jiniuidcd, ur ,iiu
other matter, cause or thing whatsoeuer to the contrary in .my wise ntitwithstandrig.

Allhougii expresse mention of the true yeerely \aliie or certaintie of the premisses, dr aiv,
of them, or of any (>ther gifts or ui-aunts by \s, or any of our jimgeiiitours to the savdc (ni.
uernour and Companie of the marchants ol Leuaiii before this time made, in these prcsdn,
i-i not made: Or anv Statute. .\rte. Ordinance, |iroui.-<i.)n, pniclamation or restraint to li,
Contrary thereof before thi> time bad, made, done, or prouided, or anv other matter, ij;;;
or cause whatsoeuer, in ai;y wi'-e notwilhstaiuliiig. In witnes«e wheitof wee haue caihi :
thciie our letters to be made patents. Witnrsse our >elle at Westminster the scuenth d.iv .;
lanuarie in the foure and thirtieth yeere of our raignc.

I'er brine de priuato Sigillo.

Haijir,

To the Worshipful! and his very louinj; Vncle M. Kowland newi>li, Esipiicr, at Sand

in Oeuonshire.

Sir, considering the goodne^se of your N.iture wliii li is woont kindelv to aciept froin .,
frienil, euen of me;mc thin;;s lieing giiien with a ;;noil lie:ut, I haue presumed to trouble \.;,
with the reading of this rude iliscourse of my trauailes into 'I'urkie, and (pf the deliuerie nfiht
present with surh other oci iirreni-. a« there happened wooriliie the ol)seruation : of all wliii'i
jjroceedings I was an eie-witnesse, it pleasing the .\mbas-adonr to take nice in with liim ii
the Grand Signior. If fur l.icke of time to put it in order I haue not pi'rformed it vo well -
it owghl, I ( rane pardon, ;Ls>iiriiig \ <ui that to mv kiuni ledge I haue not Miis>ed in the iru;;;,
of any thing. If \oii aske inee what in mv traucN I haue learned, I aii>-\Mre as a nohle mij;!
of Trance did to the likedem.uind. Hoc \num didici. muiuli < ()nteni])tnni : and so (iinilinl-
ittg with the wise man In the booke of the I'reac her, that all is \anitie, and one ihin^ one!', i-
neeessarie, I take mv Icaue and commit vuu to the Alinigliiie, IVoin London the 1(5. .\!„r. h
1597.

Your luuing Nephew

Kichard \\t:'.\i.

A descripti(M\

M. Rich. Wrai;.

:nt graunt shall bee
;ssours, that ihe con-
jt that wee sh, U findc
\rn and for our .•calme
qualification tlicrcol'
ilion of the saydc Go-
ch other person and
)V vs, our heircs aiul
lers patents vnder tlv.
Its, clauses, and arii-
aric articles or tiiani;-
^res then next follow-
all and singular (nr
iblcs, Bailitl'es, and ;ill
atsocucr, to l)ci' aiil-
•ir succcssours, ami i.
nd cucry of tiirni, ii;
time to time, iV; at all
Actc, ordinance, l'r> -
■d or prouidcd, or aiiv
withstand nj;.
tlu' premisses, or arv
ours to the savdc (m.
idc, in these pri'stin,
.11 or restraint tu ihi
nv other matter, thin;;
riof \\ce haue caii-n;
lor the seuenth d.iv . ;

iiiato Sigillo.

Hallh'

, Ksipiicr, at Sand

iciv to ar(ept from j
churned to Irnnhlc x. v.
(' the deliiieric oi i!?
ernalioti : of all wlm'i
ike mec in with liiai i
)erfornu'd it >•() \m'1I -
ot missed in the Iriiiih
nswere as a noble man
)tnni : and so cdiiilud-
and one tliinu onely i-
l.ondoll the l(). M-JlIi

inj; Nephew

Uiihard Wr.'.i'.

A description

.1/. Rich. Wrag.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

il3

A description of a Voia;i;e to Constantinople and Syria, ben;un the 91. of March
1593. and ended the !». of Aujtust, 1595. wherein is shewed the order of dcli-
tierin^ the second Present bv Master Edward Barton her maiesties Ambassador,
which was sent from her Nfaiestic to Sultan Miirad Can, Emperour of Turkic.

WE set saile in ihc Ascension of London, a newshippe very well appointed, of two hun-
dred and three sr>re tuniies (whereof was master one William Broadbankc, a prouident and
skillnll man in iiis iaciiltic) from Graiicsend the one and twentie of March 159.'{. And vpon
the eight of April! folowing wee passed the strciglits of Gibraltar, and with a small Westcme
pale, the 24. of the saine, we arriued at Zantc an Hand vnder the Venetians. The fourth of
Mav wee departed, and the one and twenlie wee arriued at Alexandretta in Cilicia in the
verv bottome of the Meditcrrancsea, a made some '^5. miles distant from Antioch, where our
niarchants land their floods to bee sent for Aleppo. From thence wee set saile the fift of lunc,
and by contrary \wndes were driiien vpon the coast of Carainania into a road ncere a litlc
Hand where a castle standelh, called Castle Kosso, soinc ihirtie lea<{ues to the Eastwards of the
Rhodes, \vhere after lon^ >.earch for fre>h water.we could finde noiic,vntil certainc pooreGreekcs
of the Hand biiiMi;ht ns to a well where we had 5 or (> tuns. That part of the country next
the sea is verv barren U full of moiint.iins, yet found wo there an olde lonibe of marble, whh
an epitaph of an ancicnl Greeke caractcr, by anti'.juity ncere wornc out and past r'-adin;;;
which to the beholder.-, seemed a monument of ihf ■;reatnesse of the (ir^'cian monarchy. T'rom
ihenrc we went to the Khodc-, and by contrary windes were driuen into a ])ort of Candy, Cami;
called Sitiia: ilii- Hand is \iuler the X'enetians, who haue there fiiK) souldiers, beside certainc
Greeks, contliuialK in pav. Herewith contrary winds we staved six weeks, and in lb'.' end,
hauinj; the winde prosperous, we sailed bv Nicaria, I'haro.s, Delos, and .Andros, tv!t'\ sif;ht
of inaoN other Hands in the Archipelajjo, and arriued at the two castles in Ilellespci t the ^H
of .\ui;ust Within l<v> ilaycs after we came to (iali|)iili some thirty miles from this ])laco,
where foure of \s looke a Harma or boat of that place, with two watermen, which rowed vs
alnon the fhracian >horc to ("on>itanliiiopIe, which sometime sailiiii; and sometime rowinji, in
li. lire da\ e-, they |)erformed. The hrst of September we arriued at the famous port ol the
(liaiid Si^nior, where we were not a little welcome to .\I. Edward Barton vntil then her Ma-
jesties A!;ent, who (with many other j;rcaf |)ersons) had lor many dayes expected the pre-
«tal. I'nie or sixe daxe-. after the shippe arriued neere the Scuen towers, whidi is a very riit
■•irom; ludil, and so called of so many turrets, whi(h it hath, standing ncere the >vi' side, be- '"'"'
inu the (ir>t part of the i iiy that we came \nlo. Ileerc the A.;cnl appointed the master of
the .\s('en>ion to >;.i\ with the shippe \nlill a litle winde and i)|)|)ortunity serned to bring
licr abnul the Seraglio to salute the (ir.uul Signior in his nioskvta or ( lun-ch : for you shall
Mulcrstand ih.it lie hath built one ncere the wall of his Seraglio or pallace adiovning to the
Va side ; whcreuiito twise or ihrise a wecke hee rcsortetli to performe such religious rites as
their law rcquireth: where lice being within few dayes alter, oiu- shippe set out in their best
nianer with tiagges, streamers and pendants iddiuers colonreil silke, with al! the mariners,
Iiiijether with most of the .\mbassadoiirs men, hauing the winde f.iire, and ca.ne within two
• allies hiigth of this his mo->kiia, where (,hee to his great i onteuibeholding the shippe in siiih
lir.uierx "i tiiev di-c harged fust two \olics of small shot, and then all the ureal ordiniuK e fwisc ihf
niier, there being seuen and twentii- or eight aiul twenlie pieces in the sliij). Wliii h ]ier- '^'^J','
I'orined, he ap|)oinli'<l tlu l>uslangi-B,i.ssa or c; plame of the great and spacious g.odcn or
|i:irk ■, 10 giiie our men ih.iiikes, with reque.'.l .h it some other ilav tlie\ would shew bun the
like s|)i)rte when lue would !>aiie the Sultana or Empressc a beholder tluieof, which fewdavcs
.ifici at tlieship|)es going to the C'usi.ime- house thev performed.

file granci Signiors s.,lut;.lion thus ended, the master lirought the ship to an anker at Kapa-
mat ncere the ambassadors Ivuise. where hec likewise salnli d him with all his great ordinance
"IK e luer. and where he landed tin- I'resent, the de'iuerie whereof lot a linio was staled : the
I ..iise of which staic it shall neither be dishonorable for our naliin, or that woorthie man the
aiiljasiadour to shew you. At the departure of .Siiiau Hassa the chicle \'i/.ir, and our ambas-

:i 1. 2 sadois

*\ see 11 SI.' 11
i-\ ,.t liic 7

ship ■ .-

immv

1 ''■ '

f 1

f ill 'il'^'i

}

n.i t.'

4t4

Tlic cnuir of
(.tiiyiiigthf pre-
sent.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. liich. IFrag.

An Ara lo th«

Thr p r«l hall
<i|" liiiticf.

Rfcftncih.niori
with the Villi
Riadr.

ri'.lli In ilic

.1 .ttt SMtfl tilt

(lorrit.

Tlir Amb!!.
I .'itu- to tlir
Sri«)rli<'.

sadors great friend toward the warrcs of Hungarie there was another Bassa appointed in hj^
place, a churlish and harsh natiircd man, who vpon occasion of certaine Gcnouczcs esrnpinij
out of the castles standing toward the Kuxine Sea, nowe called the blarke Sea, there impri-
soned, apprehended and threatened to execute one of our Knglishinen called lohn Ticld, for
that hee was taken thereabouts, and knowen not many dayes before to haue brought a letter to
one of them: vpon the solliciting of whose libertic there fell a iarre betwcene the Jlassa (!)(..
ing now chiefc Vizir) and our ambassador, and in cholcr he gaue her maiesties ambiissador
such words, as without sustaining some great indignitie hee could not |»ut vp. WhcreiiMDn
after the arriual of the Present, he made an Arz, that is, a bill of Complaint to the graiul
Signior against him, the mancr in exhibiting whereof is thus perfoniied.

The jilaintifes expect the grand Signiors going abroad from his piillace, either tn Santa
Sophia or to his church by the sea side, whither, with a I'erina (that is one of their vsual!
whirries) tlu'\ approch within some two or three score yards, where the plainlife standctli \\),
and holdeth Ills petition oucr his Inrehcad in sight of the t;raiid Signinr (for his chiirch is
open to the Sea side) the rest sitting still in the boat, who appoiiitcth one of his iJw.irl'iN i,i
rcceiue them, ami to bring them to him. A Dwarfe, one of the Ambassadors fauorites, m,
suDiie as he was ilisrcriied, heiliu'il liim to the shore side, tooke his Arz, and with ■•pi.(.,i ,.|.
ried it to the grand Signinr. Nnw the efl'ect of it was this; that except his highncssc wii(il,|
rcdresse this so great an indignitie, wliicii tiie Vizir his slaiie had nllered him and her inaiistif
in his j)ersoii, he was ]nirpose4l to delaine the Present viitill such tune as he mi';ht bv Iitttri
oiier-land from her maiestie bee certilied, wliiliier she would put vp so great an iniurie as ii
was. Whereupon he |)re^entlv returned aiiswcre, recpifsiing the ambassador within an hourc
after to goe to the Douaii of the \'i/,ir, vnlo whom him^elfe of his diar 'C would send a g<n\nc
of cloth of gold, and connnaund him pul)likely to |)iit it v])on him, and with kind entertina-
ment to embrace him in signe of riroiu iliation. Whereupon our ambassador returning himu'.
tooke his horse, ai <dmpanied with his mc, ind came to the \ izirs court, wiiere, at conlii;-
to the grand Signiors < nmmand, lie with all shew of kinilnes^r embraced ihe ambas-ailor, nml
with curleoiis speeches reconciled him-i'Ke, ami with his own haiiik put the gowiie of d,,;),
of gold v|)on his bat ke W liiiii iluie, hee with his altentlaiit. returned home, to the no sm;i!!
admiration tifall Christiaiw thai lieanl ol' it, e-])e( iaily ol the I'reni h and \'enetian ainbns-.T.
dors, who neiier in tlie like t .ise against the second per-on of the I'urki-h Mm|iire durvl jinuc
attempted so boM an cnierijrise with liti|)e of so friendly audience, atiil \vith so specdie rf-
dresse. This recom iliation with the great N'izir thus madi', the ambissador |)rer)aretl liim-
selfe for the deliiierie of the Present, whii h \piin the 't tif ()i tuber !.')*.•.<. in this maniT hi
perform eil.
' The Ascension with her (lags antl streanuM's, as afoicsaiil, repaireil niuli \ nto the pl'ic
where the ainbas-ador shoiiM land to u'o \|) to the Seraglio : for vou must MiilcrslamI that .lil
Christian ambassadors haue their dwclliii;.; in Pera wiure most Christians abide, from wliith
[)lace, c\i c|)t villi would go 4 or ^) miles .ibi.iit, voii laniitit bv land go it) Constaiitini p'c
whereas by Sea it is liile binder then the Thames. Our .\mbassador likewise ai)parclled in
a siite t)f cloth of siluer, with an \pper gowne of cloth of gold, at foinpaiiicil with 7 "cn-
tlemeli in costly siiles of S.ittin, with JO other of his men \er\ will app.irentil, ami all i:i
one liuerie of s.iil I'reiiih rii^^et t lolh gowiies, at his htiii«e to. ike bti.ite' at wht se Jau.Iin.'
the ship ili-chargeil all her onliiiaiu c, where likewise al tended 'I Hassas, with 40 oi- .'tO ChaiM'-
to a<'Contpan\ \ ambis^.idor to the eoiirt, \' .lUo horse* ftir the amli.is^ailor iV his i;eMilfiiuii,
very ri< lily lurni'^heil, wiih 'l'inki«li ^(ruanls alteiul.it to t.ike the horses wh.r ihiv -hotiltl li-ht
'the ambassador thus hoiiorablv ji i (iinpanieil, the Chaiises fiireiiiosi, mc\ his nieii on It^ ti-
all goiiiL; b\ iwnairl t'vo, liimselte last with his Chanse ami Dru^ainan or liitt r|)r<'ter, ami •(
lanissaries, which he doelli vsiially enterlaine in his house to accompany him contieiiailv
abroad, came to the Senglto about an Pnglish mile frf)in the water sitle, where lii>t hee pass-
ed a great gate into a large ci urf (niiich like the s))ace beltire White hall gate) where lie
■>yith his uentlemcn ali;!iteil .iiul left their hordes, rroin hence thev ]).issed into an ollui
stately court, being about G score in bredtli, and some 10 score vards lont^, with maiiv tries

>)• 1' A

M. Rich. Wrag.

M. Richard Wrag.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

44!i

in it : where all the court was with /Treat pompe set in order to entertaine our ambassador.
Vpon the right hand nil the length of the court was a galleric arched ouer, and borne vp
with stone pillars, much like the Roiall Exchange, where stood* most of his guard in rankcs • AWtiaum
from the one end to the other in costly aray, with round head pieces on their heads of met- "^^"afof'^M.
tall and gilt ouer, with a great plume of fcthers somewhat like a long brush standing vp be- wf-
fore. On the left h;uul stood the Cappagies or porters, and the Chauscs, All these cour-
tiers being :iI)out (he ninnbcr of 20(K). (as I might well gesse) most of them apparelled in
cloth of gold, silucr, vcluct, sattin and scarlet, did together with bowing their l)odies, lay-
ing their hands vpon their brests in curteous maner of salutation, entertain the Ambassador :
who likewise passing between them, Si turning himself somtime to the right hand and some-
time to the left, answered them with the like. As he thus passed along, certaine Chauses
conducted him to the Douan, which is the scat of lustice, where certaine dayes of the weeke
llie grand Vi/ir, with the other Vi/.irs, the Cadi-lesker or lord chiefc lustice, & the Mufti or
high jiricst do sit to determine vpon such causes as be brought before them, which place is
vpon the left side of this great court, whither the ainbassador with his gentlemen came. The ambjsijtK.r
where hce found the \'i/.ir thus accompanied as aforcsayd, who with great shew of kindnes viiiTwiiiwii '
rcieiued liiiu : and alter rcceit of her maicsties Icllirs, iS,; conference had of the Present, of '*''"'""'"•
licr maicsties he.ilth, of the state of I-jiglaiul, and sucli other matters as concerned our peace-
aiile tralliquc in those parts : dinner being prepared was by man) of y Courtiers brought
into another inner roiinie next adioining, whicli consisted of an hundred dishes or therabouts, Uinirbroujiuin.
most boiled I's: rosted, where tiie ainbassador accompanied \V the Vizirs went to dinner, his
gi-nilenuMi likewise wild the rest of his men hauing a dinner with the like \arietie prepared
\pon 5 saiiie side of the coiirt, by thesclucs sate downe to their meat, 40 or .")() Clunists
i-landinij at the vpper cud allendinn vpon the gentlcnie to see them serued in good order;
llu'ir driiike was water mingled with rose water iV su<;ar brought in a Luthro (that is a goates
skiiine) which a man larielh at his backe, and viuler his arnie Ictleth it run out at a spout
into cups as men will call Inr it. The dinner thus with good order brought in, aiul for hallc
an home with ;;reat sohiietie and silence performed, was not so orderly taken vp; for cer-
taine Mogl.ins olliccrs of the kilciiin (like her maiesties biacke guard) came in disordered Dimr tikm
mancr and tooke away the dishes, and he whose hungry eie one dish could notsatislie, turned '""'*'
two or llnve one into the otlu-r, and thus of a suJdeti was a cleane ridilauce made of all.
The anibas.ador alter dinner with his gentlemen, by certaine oflicers were placed at the v])])cr
cndc \p;)n the hit side of the ( ourt, ncre vnto a ureat gate which gniu- entrance to a third
niiirt beiiii; liMl iitle, p.iued with st.iMC, In the niid^t whereof was a lille hou>e built o|'
niariile, as I tike it, within wliiili sate tlie grand Signor, according to whose commandeiTient
"iiien there were gownes (jf i loth of gold brought out of the war(lro|)e, and put vpon the """'"'."ffioih
amii.ivs.idor and 7 of lii^ gentleineii, the aml)assador hiniselle h.iuing 'i, one of ^old, anil "mbis.jdorar!a
the other of I liMioiiii \ehiel, all the re>t one a piece. Then lertaine Caiipagie-. had the '"' ''"''"""'•
Present, whit I) was in trunks tliere ready, deliueied them by the ambassadors imn, it being
VI goodly pieces of i;ill pl.ite. .{(i Ljarments of (iue I'.iiglish doth of al colors, 'iO garments '"'" '""■ --■"•
of cloth oi' gold, 10 L'arnu'nis of saitiu, (» pieces of line Holland, and certaine other things
ef good v.ihie ; al whiih were caried round about the court, each man taking a piece, being
ill number very neer<- 100 parcels, and so 'i and 'igoinn round that all niiuht see it, to the
ureattr gK'r\ nl' lie present, and of hint to wli ■ai it was giiien ; thev went into the inner- Tiie I'rtiot
nici«t coari pa-sinu' bv the window ol tliat ,.:;ime, where the gr.uid Sii^uior sale, who, as jt ^'""•''''
went !'V to be l.ikl \p in ceilaine roonus .ili lining, tooke \iew ol" all. I'resenllv alter the
present lolloped the anibass.idor with his ^entlen)en ; .it the gate of which court ;toode ;20
or.'JO A'jaus whii !i be euiuichs. Within the court yard were liie Turkes Dwarl'cs and Dtimbe
men, being most of them youths. .\t the doore of his roonie stood the IJustangi-bassa, with
auiiiher liassa to lead the ambassador and his folowers to tiu' grand Sii;ni')r who sate in a cliaire
ef est lie, app relied in a L;owne of cloth of sihier. 1 he (loor(~ vnder his I'eete, which pari
was .1 foote higher then the rest, was couered with .i carpel of green sattin end)rodered most
lit lilv with siluer, orient perles & great lurke-cs ; \ I'llur part ol the house was ctniereil

wiili

ijsii

4 ■•;,:

\'OYAGE.S. NAUIGATIONS,

M. Rkh. II rfl5.

I'ht ambaiudor
kincth thf i;rAiid
Sigiiipf) H-md.

The.tmN.iJsador^

i !.(• Si.ltjn.is

|U.*.i!:I-

Ir'teri irnt I
kngbtid-

Thcotl.-rs Vi.
it\'. j'K^cntiil.

Ill
,1,1.

Afc

iiiit

til'

rpa

11,1

•i"-

4t;

v.-rfcl.

\>ith .1 carpet of Ciirnation satlin imbrndcrcd \V gold, none were in the roomc with him, hut
a Bassa wlio stood next the w.ill oner a!»aiiist him han};inp down his head, A: lookin,; siih-
miiscly vpon the ground at ail his siihiect-* doc in his presence. The ambassador tluH be-
twixt two which sfoo<l at the doorc l)rinj; led in, cither of them taking an arme, kissed his
hand, and so backward witli iiis f.ice to the Tiirke ihcy brought hin> nigh the dore anaine,
where he stood viitill thev had likewise done so with ail tlie rest of his gentlemen. \Vhl( h
ended, the ambassador, according as it i-i the cii^tome when any present is deiiiieri-d, in.nlc
his three demaunds, such as he ihoiig'it most expedient lor iier maiesfics honor, iV the peace-
able traffique of our natiO into his dominions : wherennio he answered in one word, Nuld,
which is in Turkish as much a«, it shni Ik- done: for it is not the maner of the Tnrki«li em-
peror familiarly to confer with any ('hri-.t!an ambassador, but he appointeth his \'j/ir in liis
l)er><on to graunt their demaunds if they be to his liking: as to our ambas^.idor he granted
all his demands. cV gane order that his diily allowance for his htnisc of mony, fle^h, W(j(i(l,
& haie. slionlil be augmented with halfe a-; much more as it h.ad bene before, llerciindu
the ambassador taking his Icaue, departed \\ilh his gentlemen the same way he came, the
whole court saliuing him as ilicv did at his , oniming in: iV comming to the second court t,,
fal.e oiu' h(^rse», after we were inounied, we staled halfe an lioure, vntil the c:iplain of the
guard with 'i(MK) hor«men at tlie least pa-sed befi^re. after whom folowed 40 or .')(( Chaiivr.
ne\t before the ambassador t,) aci onip.inv hin\ !,• his house. .\nd as before :it his landino,
-o now .it his taking Ixiat, the sliij) di-charged all her great ordin.in-e, where arriuin,;, h,.
likewise had a great I'ancpiet prepared to enterlaine thtise which came to bring liim In nie.
flic |)'imi)e \- sojcmnitie of the Present, with tiie dav thus ended, he shortly after prevennd
the Snhana w cmpressc who ;_ by reason that she is mother to him which was hcire tu thc
crown bnpenal i- had in far greater reuerence titen anv of his other (iueens or concuhine..
fhe I're-ent sent her in iu-r maiestics name was a iewcl of hi r niaiesties picture, set wirli
some nd)ies and diamants, .} great |)ieces of gilt plate, 10 L;,uments of cloth of g<dd, .i \crv
line case of glasse bottles siliier i^' gilt, with 'i pieces of (inp Holland, which so grateliilU
she ac( ('iiled. as that she sent to know of the amb.i-sador what present he thought 'he n\\_}:>
return \ wnuM m st delight her m.iicsiie : who sent w .rd that .isntc of princ<'ly attire heiii,,
alter the fnrkish fi^hion would for the rarenesse thereof bi' acceptable in I'ngland Whrrt-
lipon she sent an \ pper gowne of clolli o( ijold \er\ rii h, an \nder gowne id' i loth ol «il-
ucr. and a Ljnlle ol Turkic workc, rich and faire, with a letter of i;rali(ication, wliiili (, r
the r.ircnessr of the stile, because vou mav be ai(pi:,intcd with it, I linie at the cnde of ilil<
discourse herciuito annexed, which letter and present, with one fmm the grand ,Sign(,r, ^^.^
sent bv M. F.dw.ird Hu-hcll, and Nf. William Aldridge oucr-lnul the 'iO id' March, wh.i p:i««cil
through \:da( hia and Nfoldania, \ >n fhronL;h I'olanil, wIutc Mii had prin<e (d" \':il,i, iii.i.
and Aron V'oinoda prince of Molilaiiia receining letter- IV, ni the :nnbassadi,r, f niertained tin-
with :il ( urtesie. through wlnse me;ines bv the grt at f.ui.nu- which his lonNhip h:id wiili tic
gr.uul Si,,^nior. li.ev had in)t 1 mii before both of tlicm Ix-iie aduanccd to their princeU lii:;-
nitics. Hee likcwi-c presented Sii;:da the .\dm:rall of the Seas, with .\l)rim liassa, ulii
nuiried the great Tiirkes daug'iler, and all the other \'i/irs with diners pieces of plate, line
English cloth tl.- fifhcr costly things : the parlicidars whereof, to aiioid tedioiisnesse. I omit.
All the presents thus ended, the -hip -iMoting ten jiieces of ordinance at the .Seraglio pcinl,
as a last farewell, dcp.irtc d on her ionrnev for Kngl.ind the tirst of Nouember, my selfe ( on-
tinning in Con-i.nitinople \ntill the In-t of liiK- after. This\crc in the s|)ring •here \»,i-
gre.'t prep.iralion for the Hungarian war-: and the ^rc.it Tnrke threatened to goe hiniselle
in person : tnil like Helii g.ibalus, his ad'eciions being more scruiceable t. Vemis tlicn ti>
Mars, he stayed at h ,me. ^'et a great army was dispatilied this \ ere ; who. as thev ( aiae
( nt of .\sia to goe lor llnng:iry, did so |)ester the streets ol' ('(Uistantinoplc for the s|)a( e .'f
two moneths in the -pring time, as searse either Ciiristian or lew c(ni!(l without danger of
losing his money pa-sc vp and downe ih- city. What insolencies, murders and robhcncs
were crmimitled not oncly vpon Christians but alsr) vpon Turks I omit to write, and I pray
<;id in lln^land the like may neiier be scene : and vet I could wish, that siu'h amongst \s .u

h.uic

M.Rlrh. tt-raa.

M. Richard Wrap;.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

447

haue imoyed the (>(i<ipcl with 8uch |rrcat and admirable peace and prosperity vndrr her Mnies-
tiesgouernmerit this forty yeercs, and haue not all this time brought forth better iriiitx of obe-
dience to God, and thanivruliiesse to her Maiesty, were there but a short time to beholde the
miserable condition both of Christians and others lining vnder such an inlidcll prince, who
not oncly arc wrapped in most palpable & grosse ignorance of mind, but are cleane with-
out the nicancs of the true knowledge of Ciod : I doubt not but the sight hereof (if they be
not dcane void of grace) would stirre them vp to more thankefulncsse to God, that euer
they were borne in so happy a time, and vnder so wise and godly a prince professing the
true religion of Christ.

The number of souldiourH which went to the warres of Hungary this ycre were ♦lOOOO,
as by the pnrticuiar-i giuen by the Admirall to the Ambassadour hereunder doe appeare. Al-
though all these were appointed and supposed to goe, yet the victories which the Christians
in the spring had ajjainst tlic Turks strooke such a tcrrour in many of the Turkish souldiours,
as by report diucrs vpon the way thither left their Captaincs and stole away.

The niunber of Turkish souldiours which were appointed to goe into Hungary
;igainst the Christian Empcrour. May IMi.

SInan Ba<sa generall, wiili the Saniatke masould, that is, out of office, with the other Saniacks

in otTice or of degree, 4U(M)0.
Achmigi, that is, Aduenturcr-J, otKXX).

Tiic Anha or Captaine with his lanisarics, and his CJicbegies, '20000.
The Ui-gli-rbcg oi Gr.vria, willi all his Saiiiaiks, 40000.
The fonipnpy of .Spjheis or iiorsemen, lOOUO.
The company of Silit.iri, (iCHX).
The company of Sagbulue and of Solbuluc both together, 8000.

The nri.-,a of lUl-r.iil,

Till" llassa of IVini^wi'.r.

riic nas>a of UoMia. ^ 80(K)0.

The I!a-<sa of liuda.

Tlic Saiii.ick III' (iirsec h.

I'^OOOO.

Out of Asia.

The Bas>;a of Caramania.

Thr lki>sa of l.aras.

The lia-isa of Dainasco.

The Has.'ia <if Suas.

Tlic Hassa oC Van or Nan.

The Ha>^>a of Vsilrum

0{ lartars there be about l(KHH)0.

Thus you may see that the great Turke maketh warre with no small numbers. And in anno
1597, \*lien Sultan M.ilioinet liiniselfe went in person into Hungary, if a man may bclecue
reports, he had an army of (i(XKKK).

For the cilv of Con-.iantinopk' you sliail vuderstaiul liiat it is niatchablc with any city in
Europe, aswi-ll in bigncsse as lor the pleasant -iiuatiou thereof, and commodious traflike and
brin'.;!ng of all inaner of necessary jirouisiou of victuals, and whatsoeuer els mans life fiir
the siistiiiialiou tliereof shall require, being si-atcd \pon a promontorv, looking toward Pon-
tus Eiixinus vpon the Northeast, and to l'r(>pontis on the Southwest, by which two seas by
ship|)iMg is brought great store of all maner of victuals. The city it sell'e in forme repre-
sciitelh a triangular ligure, the sea washing the walles vpon two sides thereof, the other side
fareth the continent of Thracia; the grand Signiors seraglio standeth vpon that point which
looketh into the sea, being cut oil' from the ciiv by a wall ; so that (' wall of his pallace con-
teiiicth in circuit about two English miles : the seuen towers spoken of before stand at ano-
ther

■i%~ }.

it; . m

■ ■ ■ ^^V 'I

448

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Richard IVrap.

ihcr corner, & Constaiuincs nlilc pallacc to tlic North at the third corner. The city halh a
(hrcofolde wall about it; the iiii)crii\(ist very hij;h, the next lower then that, and the third r.
roiiutrrmiire, and is in circuit about ten Knulish niiU-s; it hath fouu and twenty jjates : ami
when the empire was rcniooucd out of the Wei-t into the l-Iast, it wan inriclied with many
spoilfN of olde Home by Vespasini\ and other cmpernurH, hauinjf many moninnentM and pli-
lars in it worthy the oljiirnalion ; ainonij'*! the rest in the midst of ('on.slantlnople standrth
one of white m;irblc called Ver.pasian.s pillar, of H8 or 10 yard-* high, whi<h hath from the
Itasc to the top proportions "f men in ariiKiir fiu;htiiiK on horsebatke : it is likewise adoriird
with diners j;oo«ily i)uildiii);^ .V stately Mcsquitas, wlicrec^f the bijjjfcst is Sultan Solimaim ,i

.«iit« Soi'iiia. great warriour, which liued in (he time of Charles the fifth ; but the fairest is Santa Sophi.i,
which in the time (.f the Christian emperonrs was the chicfe calhcdrall church, and is sii||
in greatest account with the ^reat Turke : it is built round like other (ireekish chnrclKN, (h,.
pauemcnt'. and walles he all of marble, it hath beneath 44 pillars ol' diners coloured marhio
of adniir.ible heigth and bijjnense, which stand V|)on );real round feet of brasse, much grcator
then the ijillar^, and of a ;;reat hei)>(h, some ten yards distant from the wall : from which
Milii these pillars is a nrr.it (jallery built, which gocih round about the church; and Npon the
oiiiNideof the ),'allery stand ()() marble pillars which bcare vp the round roofc being the n y
of the church; it hath three pulpits or preaching i)laccs, and about 'i(H)() lain|)e-i brought in
by the Turke. Likewise ^ pon lie side in the top is the ])ictiire of Christ with the l'i,\|j(.-
•-lies, but their faces are defnccil, with two or thrci" ancient tombs of Christians: to the Wc-i
slicketh an arrow in the loppc of the Church, which, as the Turks report. Sultan Mahiniui
shot uhen he first looke the citv. Neerc adiovniiiK be two ch.ipels of marble, where I;,'
buried most of llie emperonrs with their children \ sultanas, 'fhe Iti of IiiK, accom|)aniul
with soini' other of < iir nation we went bv w.iter to the Ulacke sea, being tti miles (li>i.ini
fro Con-i.uiiiMople, the sea al the wav liiiiher being little broader then the 'fhames; hoih
sides of the shore are be.inlilied witii faire & gocxlly buildings. At the imnith of this lins.
])horns lieth a rocke some foiirescore \ariis from the maine land, wliercNpon st.iiideth a while

r«mrtyi jniUr. mai'ble ])illar (ailed I'om|ieys pill.ir, the shadow whereof w,is '.ilJ iootc long ;it nine of ilir
clocke in the forciiiMnie: oiicr against it is a turret of sione vjU'O tin- maine l.tiul ri()si(|i.
high, hauing a great glasse-lanihurne in the tnppc foiire siinls in diamitcr and three in heii;i|i,
with a great copper pan in the mid-1 to holde oile, with twenty lights in it, and it -cnidli
to ^iiie ])ass:ige into this straight in tin- night to sueh shij)-- as come from all parts of ilio.i'
sens to Constantinople; it is contiiiii.illy kept by a Turke, who to y end hath pav of the
grand Signior And thiis hauing spent elenen inoiieilis in Constantinople, ac(om|)anied will
a (hause, iS,: caryiiig cerlaiiie mandates from the grand Signior to the Hassa of .Meppo for the
kinile \s;igc of our nation in those parts, the ;{() of IiiK I looke |).i-sage in a 'Turkish c.irin..-
s.ilertr shippe biuind for Sid(,ii; and p.tssiug thorow I'lc.poii-, luuiing S.iiinibri.i with ller.uli.i
most pleas3ntl\ situated on the right li:ind, and I'rocdiic-iis ii(i\» Cillcil .\I;n-mora on the ji-ri.

aai:.jx.l.. we came to (jallipc Iv, and so by llelles|)ont, bcHseeiie the two i ;;-tles Ixl'ore named c.illi.l

Sestos and Abvdo . famous for the pass;iges made there bitli hv Xer\(- ;mu1 greit .'\!e\:ih'l(i.
the one into Thr.n i.i, the other into .\sia, and so by the Sigcan l'ri)in(':ifor\ , now i ailed Capr

ti .. lanil/ary, at the mouth ol llellcspnnt vpon Asia side, where I'rov stood, where are vet ruims

of olde wallcs to be seciie, with two liils rising in a pir.imid.ill fonne, not viilikeK to he the
tombs of .\chilles ;in(l Ai.ix I'rom thence we sailed along, hauing fenedus iind Leiniio- mi
the right nalid, and the Troian fields on the left ; at length we came to \liivlen and Si,i Ion;
lime inliabited by the Ciciiouescs, l)iit now \nder the Tiirke. I he Ibiul i- beautified with
goodly buildings and pleasant uardens, and abonndeili wiili fruits, wine, and the gum n:a>-
ticke. I''roin thence sailing .ilmiust ihe gnll'e of fiplicsus with Niiaria on the riuhl h;iiul,
S:imos ami Sinirna on the left, we came to I'.itmos, where S. lohii wr<'te the Itenel.ilion. Tlir
Hand is linl small, not aboue line miles in eompasse ; the chiefe thing it veeldetli is cirn ;
it h.itli a port for shipping, and ui it is a ni(ma-ierv of (ireekish C.iloieros. from tliciue in-

Cot Cos (now called Lango) where llipix rales was borne: \' passing many other llaiiils ami

Hi.,<iri. rocks, we arrined at Ithodcs, one of the strongest and fairest cities of the Kast : here we

sl;iMil

z<>.

Piimo..

Rkhaul Wrap.

M. Rich. fVrnff.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEIUES.

4«»

stayed three or foiirc dayos ; and l)y reaMon of a By whirli went in the ship to Paphos in Cy prui,
will) vscd me With all kindncssi', I went ahoiit the city, and tookc the view of all : which < ity in
still with all the hnii-iN and walliN thereof maintained in the same order ;w they tooke it IVoin
llie Khddian knij;his, Oiirr ihedcxirfH of many of the houHeH, which he stronj^iy built of Htone,
do rcmainc vndcliued, the arnuw of Mnnland, France, Spaine, and many other Christian knij^hts,
;iH tluuij^h the Tnrkes in the view thereof j;loried in the t.ikinj} of all Christendome, whose ar-
mcs there they lieholde. From thenc e we Hailed to I'aphos an olde riiinoiH towne standing
vpnn the Westcrne |)art of Cyprus, where S. I'aul in the Acts tonuericd the pouernor. Dc-
|)nrtinj; hence, we i.injc to Sidon, by the Tiirkes tailed Saytosa, within tcnne or iwrliic miles sij,.ii.
of the pla'C where Tirus stood, which now hein;; eaten in by the "ca, in, as F./.ekiel priiphe-K<eii.>«.j
sicd, a place li.r the spreading int of a net. Sidon it situated in a small hay at the foot of mount
I.ih;inus, \pon the ^iJe of an hill looking; to the North ; it is walled about, with a castle nij,'h
to the so.i, and one toward the land which is ruinated, but the w.dle thereof standeth. Some
liidie mile \p Inward the inonntaine he ccrlaiiio mines of buildings, with marble pillars, re-
inaiinng : lii-t re for throe dayes wc were kindly entertained of the Caplaine of liie castle : and
ill ii -mall bait.ewe sailed from hence aloni; the -.hore to Tripoli, iV so to Alcxandrclta, where
the ;i4 of Aiijiust we arriiied. IVoin thence with a Venetian carauan we went b\ land to
Aleppo, paxsiiiK Ih Antioch, which is sealed \j)on the side of an hill, whose wailcs still stand Amiu.ii.
with lU'tO turrets vpon them, anil necre a very jjrcat plaine which bcareth the name of the city,
thcirow which runnelh the riuer Oroiites, in Scripture called Farfar. In Aleppo I stayed vn-Alq.p».
till I'fbruarv follnwini; ; in this (itv, as at a mart, nu-ete many nations out <d' Asia with the
l>eople of Ivunipe, hauin^ contiiuiall trallike and iiilerchanneablc course of marchaiidise one
with aiKJiher : the slate and trade of wiiich place, bcc.une it is so well knowen to most of our
nation I omilie to write of 'I'he 27. of February 1 departed from Aleppo, and the fii'ih of
March imbarked my selfe at Ale\andrelta in a great -lup of Venice tailed the Nana Ferra, to
I lime to Fiigl.inil. The 14 we put into Salino in Cypnii, where the ship stay iiiu; manv da)csto
l.ide t oiion wool, .Hid iiihcr i umintKlities, in the meant- tnnt" accompanieilwiih M. William Uarret
mv couiilrev m.iu, the master 'if the ship a (ireeke, ami others we tooke occa-ion to see Ni-Nicoiii
iiKia, the i hiel'e city of this llaiul, whit h was some twenty miles I'nl this j)hice, whit h is si-
iiiated at the liuit ol'an hill : to the Fast is a great plaine, extending it selfe in a greit length
from the North to the Suulh : it is walletl about, but of no >uch strength as Fania<;usta (another
(ity in this ll.iiid neere the Sea siile) whose walles arc cut tiut of the maine rocke In
this liiv be mans snr.ipluous and gooiUy biiiltlings of stone, but vninhabitetl ; the can>o
hIktcoI' thith giiie me i'.ist oi tasion to shew vou of a rare iutlgement of God vpon the owners
<niiii'iime of these houses, as 1 was credibly informed by a Cipritit a marchaut of gootl wealth
ill this cilv. liefiire it came in snbieclion to the Turks, while it was vnder the N'enetians, Afrnt luiijr.
tlicre were many barons and noble men of the Cipriols, who partly by vsurpiiignit)rcsuj)eri-"''||J;,[/j,'^,|(
(jriiv ouer ihc common people then they ought, and partly thrtnijih their great reuenucs which mon of ivptu".
vterdy came in bv iheir i diion wooll and wines, grew so insolent and proud, anil withall so
impiously wicketl. as that they would at their pleasure coininanit both the wiues anil children
of their \)oore tenauls to serue their vncleane lusts, it holding ihem in such slauery as tluuigh
ihcy had beene no better then dogges, would wage them against a grayhounil or spaniell, and hi!
who woiin ihe wager should eueralter holtle ihein as his proper goods and chattels, to doe with
them as he listetl, being Chri.siiaiis as well as ihemselues, if they may deserue so good a name,
.\s thev behaucti themseliies most \ nchrislianly toward their brethren, so and much more vngodly
(whirh I shoulil haue put in the hrst place) did they towards God : for as though they were
too great, standing on toot or kneelinj; to seruc GikI, they would tome riding tin horsebacke
into the church to heare their masse : which church now is maile a ]>ublicke basistane or
market jjlace for the Turkes to sell commtxlities in; but beholde liie iudgemcnt of the right-
cmis God, who payeth the sinner measure for measure, 'J he Turkes the yeere before the
(iiicrihniwe giuen ihent at Lepanio by Don lohn tooke C'vprus. These mighty Nimrods lied
some into holes &: some into niouiitaines to hide themselues ; whereupon the Turkes made
};enerall proclamation, that if they would all come in and yecid themselues, they woulil re-
VOL. II. .'J M store

i I

IMAGE EVALUATION
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1.0

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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

^4e Ms

\^^

450

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M.Rich. Wrag.

'Hi)
tilt]-: ' :i) I H

tiui'ans i>kitfiil

The 'fuei
.rptf of B<ni-

Ktore thrm to their former reuenues and dignities : who not mistrusting the mischieuous pre.
tense of the Turkes, assembled together to make themsehies knowen ; whom after the Tiirke.s
had in possession, they (as the l^rds execntioners) put them wiih their wines and children
all to the sword, pretending thereby to cut of all future rebellion, so that at thi^ day is not one
of the noble race knowen aliuc in the Hand, onely two or three remainc in Venice but of jitle
wealth, which in the time of thewarres escaped. After we had stayed in this Hand some thirty
daves, we set sailc in the forcsayd shippe being about the burthen of 90<) tiinnes, hauing in
her passengers of diucrs nations, as Tartars, Persians, lewes, and sundry Christians. Amongst
all which I had often conference with a lew, who by reason of his many yeeres education at
Safet a place in ludea neere Jerusalem, where they study the Ilabbines with some other art*
as they thinke good, as also for his trauels into Persia and Ormus, he seemed to be of gonj
experience in matters abroad, who related vnto me such conference as he had with a Rinianc
at Ormus, being one of the Indians inhabiting the countrey of Cambaia. This Banianc hoinj;
a Gentile had skill in Astronomie, as many of that nation haue, who by his books written in
his nwnc tongue and Characters, could tell the time of Eclipses both of Sunne and Monne,
with the Change and Full, and by iudgement in Astrologic gaue answerc to any question de-
manded. Being asked concerning his opinion in religion, what he thought of God ? lie made an-
swere that they held no other god but the sun, ( to which planet they pray both at the rising ond
setting) as I haucseene sundry doe in Aleppo : his reason was drawen from the cflects which
it worketh in giuing light to the moonc & other starres, and causing all things to grow ami
encrease vpon the earth : answere was made, that it did moue with the rest as the whecirs cl
a clocke, and therefore of force must haue a moouer. Likewise in the Eclipse being dnrkm-
cd it is manifestly prooued that it is not god, for God is altogether goodnessc and brighlnc>;'ic,
which can neither be darkened nor recciue detriment or hurt : but the Sunne rereiucth both
in the Eclipse, as it is aparant : to which hee could not answere ; but vo they had rcreiucd
from their ancestors, that it was without beginning or ende, as in any Orbicular or round bo-
dy neither beginning or end could be found. He likewise sayd, that there were other Gen-
tiles in ^ Indies which worship the moonc as chiefc, and their reason is. The moone when
she riseth goeth with thousands of starres accompanied like n king, and therefore is chiel'e.
but the Sunne goeth alone, and therefore not so great. Ag.Tinst whom the Banianes rea-
son, that it is not true, because the Moone and starres receiue their light from the Snnne,
neither doth the Sunne vouchsafe them his company but when he list, and therefore like
a mighty prince goeth alone, yet they acknowledge the Moone as Qucene or Virenn.
nprf- Law they hold none, but onely seuen precepts which they say were giuen them from their
father Noe, not knowing Abraham or any other. First, to honor father and mother ; se-
condly, not to steale ; thirdly not to commit iidultery ; fourthly not to kill any thing lin-
ing ; fiftly, not to cate any thing lining ; sixlly, not to cut their haire ; seuenthly, to i;(i
barefoot in their churches. These they hold most sirirtiv, & by no meanes will hrcake
them : but he that breaketh one is punished with twenty stripes; but for the greatest fanli
they will kill none, neither by a short death nor a long, onely he is kept some time in
prison with very little meat, and hath at the most not nboue twenty or line & fwentie stripes.
In the yeerc they haue 16 feasts, and then thev go to their church, where is pictured in a
broad table the Sun, as we vse to paint it, the fare of a man with beames round about, not
hauing any thing els in it. At their feast they .spot their faces in diuers parts with salli-on
all yellow, and so waike vp and downc the streets ; and this they doe as a custonie. Thev
hold, there shalbe a resurrection, and all shall come to iudgement, but the ncroimt shalbe nuKi
Htreight, insomuch that but one of ilKXX) shalbe receiued to fauor, and those shall line ngaine
in this world in great happine.sse : the rest shalbe tormented. And because they will e-rapc
this iudgement, when any man dieth, he and his wife be both bdrnt together euen to .islivs
and then they are throwcn into a riucr, and so dispersed as though they had neuer heiu-. If
the wife will not burne with her dead husband, she is holden euer alter as a whore. And by
this meanes they hope to escape the iudgement to come. As for the soule, that goeth to
the place from whence it came, but where the place is they know not. That the body should
not be made agaiue they reason \V the philosophers, saying, that of nothing nothing can be

nude

M. Rich. Wrag.

The Sultanas letter.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

451

made (not knowing that God made the whole world and their god the Sun of nothing) but
beholding the course of nature, that nothing is made but by a meanes, as by the seed of a
man is made another, and by corne cast into the ground there commcth vp new come : so,
say they, man cannot be made except some part of him be left, and therefore they burne the
whole : for if he were buried in the earth, they say there is a small bone in the necke which
would neuer be consumed : or if he were eaten by a beast, that bone would not consume, but
of that bone would come another man ; and then the soule being restored againe, he should
come into iudgement, whereas now the body beinj? destroyed, the soule shall not be iudged: for
their opinion is, that both body and soule must be vnited together, as they haue sinned toge-
ther, to recciue iudgement ; and therefore the soule alone cannot. Their seuen precepts
which they kcepe so strictly are not for any hope of reward they haue after this life, but one-
ly that they may be blessed in this world, fur they thinke that he which brcaketh them shall
haue ill successe in all his businesse.

They say, the three chiefe religions in the world be of the Christians, lewes, & Turks, &
yet but one of them true : but being in doubt which is the truest of the three, they will be of
none : for they hold that all these three shall be iudged, and but few of them which be of the
true shall be saued, the examination shall be so straight ; and therefore, as 1 haue sayd before, to
prcuent this iudgement, they burne their bodies to ashes. They say, these three religions haue
too many precepts to keepc them all wel, & therefore wonderfull hard it wil be to make ac-
count, because so few doc obserue all their religion aright. And thus passing the time for
the space of three moneths in this sea voyage, wc arriucd at Venice the tenth of lune : and
after I had scene Padua, with other English men, I came the ordinary way ouer the Alpes,
by Augusta, Noremberg, and so for England ; > here to the praise of God I safely arriued
the ninth of August I59&.

A letter written by the most high and mighty Empresse the wife of the Grand
Signior Sultan Murad Can to the Quecnes Maiesty of England, in the yeere of
our Lord. 1594.

IL principio del ragionamento nostro sia srrittiira perfelta nelle quatro parte del mondo,
in nome di qiicllo chc ha crcato indiflercntemcnte tante infinite creature, che non haueuano
anima ni persona, & di qucllo chc fa girargli none cieli, & chela terra sette volte vna sopra
I'nltra fa lirmar; (iignor & Re senza viccre, & che non ha comparacion alia sua creatione
DC opera, & vno scnza prerio, adorato incomparabilmente, I'allissimo Diu creatore; chc
non na similitudine, si come c descrito dalli propheli: a la cui grandessa non si arriue, &
.ill:i pcrfetlione suti roinpiiita non si oppone, & quel omnipotente creatore & cooperatore;
:illa grandcssn del quale inchinano tutti li prophcti; fra quali il maggior & che ha ottenuto
i^racia, hortu del paradiso, ragi dal sole, amato del alti.ssimo Dio e Mahomet Mustaifa, al
qua! & suoi adherent! & imitntori sia perpetua pace: alia cui sepultura odorifera si fu ogni
hunore. Quello che 6 imperalor dc sette climati, & delle quatro parti del mondo, inuinci-
bile He di Graccia, Agiamia, Vngeria, Tarlaria, Valachia, Rossia, Turchia, Arabia, Bagdel,
Carnmania, AbesMs, Giouasir, Siruan, Barbaria, Algieri, Franchia, Coniacia, Belgrado, &r.
i-cniijrc fciicissimo, & dc dodcci Auoli possessor della corona, & della stirpe di Adam, tin
hora Imperator, tigliolo del'Imperatore, conseruato de la diuina prouiden/a. Re di ogni dig-
niia & honore. Sultan Murat, chc II Signor Dio sempre augmenti le sue forzze, & padre di
qucllo a cui aspetia la corona impcriale, horto & cypre.sso mirabile, degno della sedia regale,
& vcro hercde del comando iniperiale, dignissimo Mehemel Can, filiol de Sultan Murat Can,
die dio compisca li suoi dissegni, & alunga li suoi giorni felici: Dalla parte della madrc del
(|iial si serine la prescnte alia serenissima & gloriosissima fra le prudentissime Donne, &
eletla fra li triomfanti sotto il standardodi lesuChristo, potentissima & ricchissima regitrice,
k al mondo singularissinia fra il feminil ses.so, la serenissima Regina d'Ingilterra, che segue
lo vestigic dc Nlaria virgine, il fine della quale sia con bene & pcrfetlione, secondo il siio
(Icsiderio. Lc nundo vna salutaciun di pace, cosi honorata, che non basta tutta la copia di
rosignoli con le luro musichc ariuare, nun chc con questa carta: I'amore siiigulare che e

3 M 2 conciput*

ir !fc'

4b%

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

The Sultanas letter

'( !

,'i;,

conciputo fra noi.Cfiimile avn'horto di Vccelli vagi ; che il Signor Dio la faci degna di saluacione,
& il fine buo sia tale, che in qiiesto mondo 8c nel' futuro sia con pace. Doppo compani li
suoi honorati present! da la sedia de la Serenita vostra, Hapera che sono capitati in vna hora
che ogni punto e stato vna consolation di lungo tempo, per occasione del Amba»«adore di vo-
stra serenita venuto alia felice porta del Imperatore, con tanio nostro conlcnto, qiianto si
posso desiderare, & con quello vna Icttcra di vostra serenetik, che ci caiafa prcsentata dalli
nostri Eunuchi con gran hnnore; liccarta de la quale odoraua di camrora & ambracano, &
I'inchiofitro di musco pcrfefto, te quella pemeniita in nostro mano tiitta la confincnza di essa
a parte ho ascoltato intenfamentc. Qiicllo che hora si coniiiene e, che corrcspnndente alia
nostra aflecione, in tutto quello che si aspeila allie cose attenrntc alii paewi che sono sotto il
commando di vostra serenitA, lei non manchi di sempre tenrrmi, dato noticia, che in lutio
quello che li occoreri, lo possi compiaceria; de quello che fra le nosirc »erenir;\ r
conueniente, acciochc quelle cose che si intcrprcndcrano, habino il desiderato buon fine;
perche lo saro sempre ricordeuole al altissimo Imperatore delle occorenze di vostra serenita,
per che sia in o^ni occasione compiaciuta. La pace sia con votfra serenita, & con qiielli
che seguitano dretamcnte la via di Dio. Scritta al primi dell luna di Rabie Liuol, anno del
proleta 1002, 8c di lesu 1594.

The same in English.

LEt the beginning of our discourse be a perfect writing in the foure parts of the world,
in the name of him which hath indifferently created such infinite numbers of creatures, whirh
had neither soule nor body, and of him which mooueth the nine hcauens.and stnblisheth the earth
.seuen times one aboue another, which is Lord and king without any deputy, who hath nn
comparison to his creation and worke, and is one inestimable, worshipped without all com-
parison, the most high God, the creator, which hath nothing like vnto him, according as he
is described by the Prophets, to whose power no man can atlaine, and whose absolute per-
fection no man may controll; and that omnipotent crealourand fellow-worker, to whose .Ma-
iesty all the Prophets submit thcinselucs, among whom the greatest, and which hath ob-
tained greatest fauour, the garden of Paradise, the beame of the Sunne, the beloued of the
most high God is Mahomet Mustafa, to whom and to his adherents and followers be pcrpe-
tuall peace, to whose fragrant sepulture all honour is performed. He which is empernnr of
the seuen climats and of the foure parts of the world, the inuincible king of Gnecia, A,i;ia-
mia, Hungaria, Tartaria, Vulachia, Rossia, Turchia, Arabia, Bagdet, Caramania, Abcssi<,
Giouasir, Siruan, Barbaria, Alger, Franchia, Coniacia, Belgrade, &c. alwayes most happv,
and possessour of the crowne from twelne of his ancestours ; and of the seed of Adam, at
this present emperour, the sonne of an emperour, preserued by the diuine prouidencc, a
king woorthy of all glory and honour. Sultan Murad, whose forces the Lord God alwaye^
increase, and father of him to whom the imperiall crowne is to descend, the paradise and
woonderfull U cypresse, worthy of the royall throne, and true heire of the imperiall au-
thority, most woorthy Mehemet Can, the sonne of Sultan Murad Can, whose enterprise
God vouchsafe to accomplish, and to prolong his happy dayes: on the behalfe of whose mo-
ther this present letter is written to the most gracious and most glorious, the wisest among
i'iTMlIJli?*' " women, and chosen among those which triumph vnder the standard of lesus Christ, ihc
most mighty and most rich gouernour, and most rare among womankinde in the world, the
most gracious Queene of England, which follow the steps of the virginc Mary, whose end
be prosperous and perfect, according to your hearts desire. I send your Maiesty so honor-
.ible and sweet a salutation of peace, that al the flocke of Nightingales with their mrhxiy
cannot attaine to f like, much lesse this simple letter of mine. The singular loue which we
haue conceiued one toward the other is like to a garden of pleasant birds: and the Lord God
vouchsafe to saue and keepe you, and send your Maiesty an happy end both in this world
and in the world to come. After the arriuall of your honourable presents from the Court of
your Maiesty, your Highnesse shall vnderstand that they came in such a season that eurry
minute miniatrcd occasion of long cOsolation by reason of the commiitg of your Maiestics

Ambassadoiir

Tlis SulMMt il
mother to M»-
kliinwt which

l/l

The Suttanai tetter

The Sultanas letter.

TRAFnQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

468

ci degna di saluacione,
Doppo compani li
I capitati in vna hora
el Atnbamadore di vn-
'o conlcnto, qtianio si
Cittata prcsentata dalli
bra & ambracano, &
ta la cnntincnza di essa
he coiTCspondente alia
pani che sono xotin il
) noticia, che in tutto
le nostrc serenity c
de<iiderato buon fine;
:nze di vostra sereiiita,
Herrnita, & ron qiiclll
Rabie Liuol, anno del

Ambassadour to the triumphant Court of the Emperour, to our so great contentment as we
could possibly wish, who brought a letter from your Maiestie, which with great honour was
presented vnto vs by our eunuks, the paper whereof did smell most fragrantly ofcamfor and
ambargriese, and the incke of perfect muske; the contents whereof we haue heard very at>
tentiuely from point to point. I thinke it therefore expedient, that, according to our mu«
tuail affection, in any thing whatsoeuer may concerne the countrcys which are subiect to
your Maiesty, I neuer faile, hauing information giuen vnto me, in whatsoeuer occasion shall
be ministred, to gratifie your Maiesty to my power in any reasonable and conuenient matter,
that all your subiects businesses and afTaircs may haue a wished and happy end. For I will
fliwayes be a sollicitour to the most mighty Emperour for your Maiesties affaires, that your
Maiesty at all times may be fully satisfied. Peace be to your Maiesty, and to all such as
follow rightly the way of God. Written the first day of the Moone of Rabie Liuol in the
yere of the Prophet, 1003.

Ann. Dom.

ire parts of the worlil,
hers of creatures, which
and innblisheth the earth
y deputy, who hath nn
ipprd without all com-
lo hiui, according as he
id whose absolute per-
w-worker, to whose .Ma-
;st, and which hath ob-
ine, the beloued of the
nd followers be pcrpe-
e which is emperotir of
I king of (iRccia, Aijia-
•t, Caramania, Abcs«i«,
alwayes most happy,
)f the seed of Adam, at
he diuine prouidence, a
;s the Lord (rod alwaye^
scend, the paradise and
rirc of the impcriall an-

Can, whose enterprise
he behalfe of whose ino-
rious, the wisest among
lard of lesus Christ, the
nkinde in the world, the
irginc Mary, whose end

your Maiesty so honor-
gales with their mclcxly
e singular loue which we
birds: and the Lord God
y end both in this world
esents from the Court of
such a season that eiiery
uraing of your Maiesties
Ambassadour

.ijAl

1 :•*-;;.

WW'

m.-

\\'

The second part of this second volume

GOMTAmoia turn noKUAU.

NAUIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAPHQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

o» Tm

ENGLISH NATION,

♦lADE TO THE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST QUARTERS OF THE WORLD,
WITHOUT THX STRAIGHTS OF OIBRALTAR,

MAUILT

TO THE ILANDS OF MADERA, AND OF THE CANARIES,

lO THE KINODOME OF BARBARIE, TO THE ILES OF CAPO VERDE,

TO THE RIUER OF 8ENZOA, TO THE COAST OF OHINEA AND BENIN,

ABOUT THE CAFE OF BUONA ESPERANSA, AND SO TO GOA IN THE EAST INDIES,

AND UKEWISE BEYOND CAFE COMORI TO THE ILES OF NICUBAR,

TO SUMATRA, TO THE CHANELL OF SINCAFURA OUER AGAINST THE CITY OF MALACCA, AND

TO OIUERS OTHER PLACES.

The voyage of \facham an English man, wherein he firat of any man diiicouercd
the Hand of Madera, recorded verbatim in the Porfugall history, written by
Antonio Galuano.

IN the yeerc 1344, King Peter the fourth of that name reigning in Aragon, the Chronicles
of hi« age write that about this time the Hand of Madera, standing in 32 degrees, wasMxiciaemdi,-
discouered by an English man, which was named Macham, who sailing out of England into """•'"'' ""'
Spainc, with a woman that he had stollen, arriued uj tempest in that Hand, and did cast Eufiuhmw!
anker in that hauen or bay, which now is called Machico after the name of Macham. And
berause his louer was sc.t-sicke, he went on land with some of his company, and the shippe
with a good winde made sailc away, and the woman died for thought. Macham, which Mwhim mdr
loucd her dearely, built a chapcll, or hermitage, to bury her in, callinir it by the name of'""":'''!*''
lesus, and caused his name and hers to be written or grauen vpon the stone of her tombc,ciui><ii
and the occasion of their arriuall there. And afterward he ordeined a boat made of one
tree (for there be trees of a great compassc about) and went to sea in it, with those men
that he had, and were left behinde with him, and came vpon the coast of Afrike, without saile
or oare. And the Moorcs which saw it tooke it to be a murucllous thing, and presented him

vnte

VO^'AGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Alacham.

I ,1' ■

I t I ■ . V I J < 1

vnto the king or that rountrcy for a woomlor, and that king aliio Mnt him and hi« rom-
panions for a miraric vnto the king of Castile

In the yrrre ]Wa, King Henry the third of that name reigning in Castile, the informa.
tion which Marham gaue of this Hand, and also the ship of hi» company, muoued many nl
France and Castile to go and disrouer it, and also the great Canaria, &c.

Fn the yccre 1417, King lohn ilie second reigning in CsBtile, and his mother Lidy Kathcrinc
being Regent, one Monsieur Ruben of Bracamont, which was Admirall of France, d< mand-
ing the cniu|uest of tlie IlaitdH of the Canarie*, wHh the titl« qf King, for a kinsman of his
named Monsieur lohn Heiancourt, after that the Queene hath giuen him them, and hulpcn
him, he departed from Siuil with a good army. And they aflirme also, that the priiu ipall
r;uise which moued him to this, was to discmier the Hand of Madera, which Macham liiul
found, &.C. ibidem pag 2. of Ajithonio Galuaua , »

This nolo following, concerning the ayde and assistance of the English Marchant<,
giuen to King lohn the first of I'ortugall, fur the winning of Ccuta in Barbaric,
which was the first occasion of all the Portugall discoueries, is taken out of Tho-
mas Walsingham his Latine Chronicle. Anno 1415.

HOc anno loanncs primus Rex Portugalli.-c fretus auxilio Nfercatorum Angliac qu.^m maxi-
nit, & Alemannorum, vicil Agarenos in terra |{egis Betinarinorum, multis eorum milli.
bus ad gcnerum Cereris dislinalis: cepilquc ciuitatem eorum qui\m amplissimam supra marc
silam, voiatam Cent eorum lingua.

The same in English.

THis vcre lohn the first king of Portugall, being principally assisted by the helpe of ihr
English MarchanU, and Almaincs, oucrcame the Moorcs iu the dominion of the king ofRir-
bary, putting many thousands of them tn the sword, and he looke their city which was \v\\
mighty, seated vpun the sea, which u called Ccuta in their language

Coniinnntio trcugarum inter Regem Angli.T Eduardum quartum, tn loannem senni-
diim Regcm Portugallia-, datarum in oppido montis Nlaioris H Fcbruarij, & apml
\Vestmona.sterium 12 Scplembris, 118^, anno regni 2!^ Regis Ivduardi quarii,
lingua Lusitanica ex operc scqucnii excerpta.

Libro das obras dc Garcia de Rcsende, que tracta da vida e feitos del Rey doni

loham secundo.

Embaixada que el Rey mandou a el Rey d'Inglaterra, cap. 33.

V.Uii qui de Monte Mor mamhni el Rey por embaixadores u el rey dom Duaric de In;:I.i-
terra Ruy de Sousa pessoa principal i' de muyto bon saber (• credito, de que el Rey miniii
conli'iua, ^ h(» doulor loam d'Eluas, e Fcrnam de Pina por secretario. H foram por mar
muy honradamcnte com muy boa cnmpanhia: hos quaes foram en nome del Rey confirmara^
ligas antiquas com Inglaterra, que pnlla condisan dellas ho mnio Rev de hum reyno c do
outro eraobrigado u mandar conlirmar: {•. tambirn pera mostrarem ho titolo que el rey linha
no senhorio de Guince, pera que depois de visto el rey d'Inglaterra defendesse em I'xlix
sous reytiM, que ninguen armassc nem podesse mandar "ii Guinee: 6 assi mandasse desfazrr
huna armada, que pera laa faziam, per mantlado do Duquc de Medina Sidonia, hum lonm
Tintam c hum Guilherme Fabiam Ingreses. Com ha qual embaixada el rey d'Inglaterra
mostrou receber graitde conlentamento, 6 foy delle com muyla honra recebida, 6 em tudo
fez intciramentc ho que pellos embaixadores Ihe foy requrrido. De que elles trouxeraii
ii riitie *ri«iiisi II aufenticas cscrituras das diligcncias que con pubricos pregones fizeram : e assi as prouisones
Mt! jiiUieTuwer. da, aprouasoncs que eran nccessarias: i com tudo muyto ben acabado, 6 ha vontadc dr!
rey ^e vieram.

-^- The

yicolai Thome.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

457

citos del Roy dom

The Ambamagc ^vliich king lohn the Mcond, king of Portugal!, lent to Edward
the Tniirth king of England, which in part was to stay one lohn Tintam, and one
William Fubinn Rn}>lish men, Trom proceeding in a voyage which they were pre>
paring for (iiiinca, 1481, tuken out of the booke of the workei^ of Garcias de
Rcsendc, which inlreatcth o( the life and acts of Don luhn the second, king of
Portugall. Chap. 33.

ANd aflerwanl<4 the king sent as Ambatsndnun* from the towne of Monte maior to king
Edward the fourth of Iviigland, Kuy de Souna, a principal! person, and a man of great wise-
ilomo and estimation, and in whom the king reposed great trust, with doctor lohn d'EluaH,
»nd Ferdinand de Pina, ao secretario. And they made their voyage by sea very honourably,
being very well accompanietl. These men were sent on the behalfe of their king, to con-Thefi.it cmr
(irme the ancient leagues with England, wherein it was conditioned that the new king of the ^''|"' ""'"'*
one and of the other kingdonie, should be bound to send to conflrme the olde leagues. And
likewise they had onlcr to -shew and make him acquainted with the title which the king held ''■'" "">"*
in the segneury of Ginnce, lo the intent that after the kins; of England had scene the same, """'
he should giue charge ihorow all his kingdomes, that no man should armc or set foorth ships
to Ginnee: and also lo request him, th.it it would please him to giue commandement to dis- ''''" 'h'"*
soluc a crrtaine fleet, which one lohn Tintam and one William Fabian, English men, were""
making, by commandement of the duke of Medina Sidonia, to goe to the aforesayd parts of
Ginnre. \Viih which ambassage the king of England seemed to be very well pleased, and
they were recciued of him with very great honour, and he condescended vnto all that the
nmbassadours required of him, at whose hands they receiued authenticall writings of the dili-
i;ence whicli ihey had performed, with publication thereof by the heralds: and aNo prouisoes
(if those confirmations which were necessary. And hauing dispatched all things well, and
with the kings go(xl will, they returned home into their countrey.

A briefc note concerning an ancient trade of the English Marchants to the Canarie-
ilands, gathered out of an olde ligier booke of M. Nicolas Thornc the elder a
worshipfull marchant of the city of Bristoll.

IT appeareth cuidently out of a certaine note or letter of remembrance, in the custody
(>r me Kichird Ilakluyt, written by .\f. Nicolas Thorne the elder a principall marchant of
Brisloll, to his friend and iactour Thomas Midnall and his owne seruant William Ballard at
that time resident at S. Lucar in Andalu/.ia ; that in the yeere of our Lord \b26 (and by all Th^ Eniiith
( iriumstancei and probabilities long before) certaine English marchants, and among the 'est J'^^" "J™'''
himscife with one Thomas Spacheford exercised vsuall and ordinary trade of marchandise c<n«iei 15*6.
vnto tlie Canarie Hands. For by the sayd letter notice was giuen to Thomas Midnall and
William liailard aforesayd, that a certaine ship called The Christopl'rr of Cadiz bound for
the West Indies had taken in certaine furdels of cloth both course , d line, broad and nar-
niw of (liners sorts and colours, some arouas of packthreed, sixc 1 -.v- 9 or baggcs of sopc
with other goods of M. Nicolas Thorne, to l)e deliuered at Santa C; . ;: the chiefc towne in
Tcnerifa one of the seucn Canary-ilands. All which commodities the savd Thomas and Wil-
liam were authorised by the owner in the letter before mentioned to barter & sell away at
Santa Cm/. And in lieu of such mony as should arise of the sale of those goods they were
appointed lo relume backe into England good store of Orchell (which is a certaine kinde of
inosse growing vpon iiigh rocks, in those dayes much vsed lo die withall) some quantity of
<u<;ar, and certaine hundreds of kid-skinnes. For the procuring of which and of oilier com-
niiHlitics at the best and first hand the sayd Thomas and William were to make their abode at
Sania Cruz, and to remaine there as factours for the abouesayd M. Nicolas Thorne.

And here also I ihoughl good to signifie, thai' in the sayd letters mention is made of one
Thomas Tison an English man, who before the forcsayd ycre Ih'ift had found the way to the
West Indies, and was there resident, vnto whom the sayd M. Nicolas Thorne sent certaine
urmour and other connnodilies specified in the letter aforesayd.

vol.. II. ;i \ A description

lii^mM

'i;)8

VOYAGKS. NAIJKUTIONS,

Tradi; to the Canariet.

Knglifh mtn it
thf tiril LOtiijufll
•I' ihe CdRiiiici.

A (le«rri|)(inn of the rorttinatr llnndu, othcrwiae called the lland<i or Canaria, with
their Htrangc fruiln and rommodilies : compo«ed by Thoma.-. NicolH Engliith man,
who remained there the space of ueucn yeercs together.

Mine intent i» particularly to !*pcake of the Canaria Hand*, which arc Heucn in number,
wherein I dwell the «pacc of mcucm yerc« and more, bccaunc I finde such variety in «tiii(lry
writers, and Citpecially great vntnitln, in a bookc called The New found world Ant.irniko,
«ct out by a French man called Andrew Theuet, the which hii* booke he dedicated to (he
Cardinal! of Sen*, keeper of the great scale of France.

It appeareth by the nayd booke that he had read the works of sundry Phyln^opher*. As-
tronomers, and Cosmographers, whose opinions he gathered to;;elher. But touching hin
«)wne trauell, which he aflirmeth, I refer to the iudgemcnt of the expert in our ilaycs, nnd
therefore for mine owne part I write of these Canaria Hands, as time hath taught me in many
yere*.

The Hand of Canaria.

Tile Hand of Canaria i» almost equal in length and bredtli, containing 13 leagues in len<<ih,
touching the which as principall and the residue, the Sp.inyards holdc opinion, that ihcv di'i-
couered the same in their nauigation toward America, but the l'oriug:iU say, that their na-
tion first found the sayd Hands in their nauigation toward Aethiopia and the Fast Indies.

But truth it is that the Spanyards tirst conquered these Hands, with iliitrrs Fnglish gen-
tlemen in their company, whose posterity this present day inioyeth ihcin. Some write that
this Hand was named Canaria by meane uf the number of dogs which there were found ; as
for example, Andrew Theuet sayth, that one luba carried two dogs from tiicnce : but that
opinion could 1 neuer learne by any of the naturall people of the counirey, iillhough I haiie
talked with many in my time, and with many of their children. For truelh it is, that there
were dogs, but such as arc in all the Nurthwc.-t lands, and some part of the West Indi.i,
which serued the peo|)le in stead of sheepe for virtual. But of some of the ron(|uerors nl
those Hands I haue heard say that the rca.son why they were railed the Canaria NIands is, l)r-
cause there grow generally in them all fouresquare canes in great multitude together, which
being touched will cast out a liquor as while as milke, which liquor i'l ranke poison, and nt
the first entry into these Hands some of the discouerers were therewith poisoned : for m.uiv
yeeres after that conquest the inhabitants began to plant both wine and sugar, so that Canaria
was not so called by sugar canes.

The people which first inhabited this land were called Canaries by the conqueropi, ihcy
• were clothed in goat skinnes made like vnto a loo.se cassocke, they dwelt in canes in rhc

rock.s, in great amity and brotherly loue. They s|)ake all one language : their chiefe feed-
ing was gelt dogge.s, goates, and goaics milke, their bread was made of barlev meale and
goates milke, called Gofia, which they vse nt this day, and thereof I haue eaten diuera times,
for it is accounted exceeding holesome.

Touching the originall of these people some holde opinion, that the Romans which dwrh
in Africa exiled them thither, aswell men as women, iheir tongues being cut out of their
headt), for blasphemy against the Komane gods. But howsocuer it were, their language
was speciall, and not mixed with Komane speech or Arabian

This Hand is now the principallest of all the rest, not in fertility, but by reason it is the
■eat of iustice and gouernment of all the residue. This Hand hath a speciall (iouerncur for
the Hand onely, yet notwithstanding there are three ludges called Auditours, who are siipc-
riour ludges, and all in one ioyntly proceed as the Lord Chanceller of any rcalme.

To this city from all the other Hands come all such by appeale, as haue sustained any

Ciuiui Piino wrong, and these good ludges do remedy the .same. The city is called (^iuilas Palmariinl,

'"" it hath a beautifull Cathedral! church, with all dignities thereunto pertaining. For the ]nib-

like weale of the Hand there are sundry Aldermen of great authority, who haue a counccll

house by themselues. The city is not onely beautifull, but the citizens curious and gallant

ti' to the Canarin.

Thoma* Nicols.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

459

in apparell. And nrter any rainr or foule weather a man may goe cleane in Veluel allppen,
became the grotinil in «anuy, the aire very temperate, without extreame heat or colde.

They reape wheat in February, and againc in May, which \» excellent good, and maketh
bread an white as snow. Thiw Hand hath in it other three tnwnefi, the one called Telde, the
Dccond Galder, and the third Cxiia. It hath al»io tweUie MUgar hou<«ea called Ingenioi, in which
they make great quantity or good sugar.

'Ihe mancr uf the growth of sugar i!i in this sort, a good ground giuelh Toorth fruit nincThtpimtini
times in IH yere : that is to say, the first is called I'lania, which is layd along in a furrow, *"> tu^?'°^M'»."'
that the water of a slurc may come ouer euery roote being couered with earth : this root
bringelh foorth sundry canes, and so consequently all the rest. It groweth two yceres
before the yeelding of profit, and not sixc moneths, as Andrew Theuct the French man
writcth.

Then arc they cut euen with the ground, and the tops & leaues called Coholia cut off, and The nukinf yv
the canes bound into bundels like fuggots, and so arc caried to the sugar house called Inge-'"*"'
nio, where they are ground in a mill, and the iuvcc thereof conueyed by a conduct to a
great ves^ell made for the purpuHe, where it is boiled till it waxc thicke, and then is it put
into a fornacc of earthen pots of the molde of a sugar loafe, and then is it carried to another
house, called a purging house where it is placed to purge the blacknessc with a certainc clay
that is Inyd thereon. Of the remainder in the cauldron is made a second sort railed Escumas,
and of the purging liquor that druppeth from the white sugar is made a third sort, and the
remainder is called Pancia or Nctas, the refuse of all the purging is called Remiel or Ma-
lasses ; and therrof is made another sort called Kefinado.

When litis first fruit is in this sort gathered, called I'lania, then the Cane-field where it
grew is burned ouer with su^ar straw to the stumps of the first canes, and being husbanded,
watred and Irimincd. nl the cud of other two yecres it yeeldeth the second fruit called Zoca.
The thini fruit is (ailed Tenia Zoca, the fourth Quarta Zoca, and so orderly the rest, til age
rauseth the olde (^1nes to be planted againe.

This Hand hnlh singular goial wine, especially in the townc of Telde, and sundry sorts ofwirw.
good fruits, as Batatas, .\felloiis, Pcares, Apples, Orenges, Limons, Pomgranats, Figs, Peaches
(if diucrs sorts, and many other fruits : but csi>ecially the Plantano which groweth neerc pununi.
broiike sides, it is a tree that hath no timber in it, but groweth directly vpward with the body,
hailing maruelous thicke leaues, and euery leafe at the toppc of two yiirds long and alin(Mt
halfc a yard bro.id. The tree neuer yeeldeth fruit but once, and then is cut downe ; in whose
|)l.ice spring! ih another, and so still continueth. The fruit groweth on a branch, and euery
tree yeeldeth two or three of those branches, which beare some more and some Icsse, as
some forty and some thirty, Ihe fruit is like a Cucumber, and when it is ripe it is blacke, and
in eating more delicate then anv consenie.

This Hand is sulBcientiy prouided of Oxen, Kine, Camels, Goats, Sheepe, Capons, Hens,
Ducks, and Pidgeons, and great Partridges. Wood is the thing that most wanteth: and be-
raiise I hauc pariiciilarlv to iiiireat of the other sixe Hands, I leaue further inlarging uf Ca-
naria, which standeth in 27 degrees distant from the Kqu.itor.

The He of Tenerif. ""

Tile Hand uf Tenerif siandeth in 21 degrees and a halfe from the equator, and is distant
from Caiiaria 12 lea;;iuN Northward. This Hand conlaineth 17 leagues in length, and the
l.md lieth high in forme of a ridge of sowen lande in some part of England, and in the midst
(if the sayd place >tai)(leth a round hill called Pico Deteithe, situated in this sort. The top of
tliispikeconteineth ofheigth directly vpwnrd 15 leagues & more, which is 45 English miles,
out of the which often times proceedeth fire and brimstone, and it may be about halfe a mile
ill c(imp.issc: the sayd top is in forme or likenesse of a caldron. But within two miles of the
Top is nothing but ashes & piimish stones : yet beneath that two miles is the colde region
( oiieretl all the yere with snow, and somwhat lower arc mighty huge trees growing called Vi-
ii.iiicu, which arc exceeding hcauv and will not rot in anv w.itcr although they lie a thousand

3 N 2 vceres

4410

VOYAGES, NAiriOATIONS.

Thom(i» Nlmh.

m ^^'i

yfcrw therein, Alto ihert ir a wooJ ralleil narlnwano, of like vrrlue, with many Saiiii,,.
ircM anil Pine tree*. Ami beneath ihcitc nort* of tnc* arc wcmhI^ of Bay tree* of ten A- \'>
milm long, which i* a picaunt thin^ )•> iratiell ihoruw, amon^ the whirh are great nnmhrn nf
amall birdi, which nin^ exceeding nwpi-t, but e«pcci«lly one aort that are very lillr, and nf
colour in all reii(>eriM like a Swallow, waning (hat he hath a little blackennm on hix hrra<t ai
broad aw a peny. Ilo Hiii^-rth more swrrily than all the rent, but if he be taken and impri-
Honed in a rage, he liiiclh but a umall whilif. Thia Hand l)ringt'th foorth all mirln of fruits a<
Canaria doth: and aUoall the other llandt in genrrill bring foorth nhriibs or biikhc'), out n)
the which iaauelh a iuiccan while a^ milkc, which after a while thai it halh come (uit waxpih

Lmr. thicke, and ia exceeding goo<l birdlime, the bu^h i« called Taybayba. Thi'4 Hand nKo briii^rili

foorth another tree called Umgo, wliich growelh on high among rocki, and by incixion ni ihc
fool of the tree iMiielli out a liquor like blocxl, which illiecaricv
Of the wood of thiw tree are made l.irgeN greatly exteemcd, becaute if any xwnrd or dn^^ir
hit ihereon, thry Hiicke ho faxt that it i^ hard plucking them out,

ilii* in the mnxt fruilfull Hand of ail the rcxl for curne, and in that reipecl is a innilur ur
nurse to all the other* in time ofnenl. There growelh also a certaiiie ino«<ir xpon the lnj;!,

Oichfi lood foi rocks called Orchcl, which i* bought for Diars to die wiihall. There are I 'i Mtijiar houses

'»'"»• called Ingenion, which make great i|uantily of sugar. There is also one league of gniiml

which atandeth between two townes, the one called l,arotaua, and ihe other lUaleio, ami || i^
thought that the like plot orgn)und in not in all the world. The reason is, that ihiaone !ea;:iii'
of ground produceth sweet water out of the clillex or rocky inouniaines, corne of all s(irir«,
fruitea of all aortes, and excellent good xilke, llaxe, waxe, and honv, ami very gooil winr<
in abundance, with great filore of augar and lire-wo<Ml. Out of litis Hand is laden great qniiii-
tily of winea for the Weat liHlia, and other euinttrcys. The bent growdh on a hill aide c.-tllcj
the Ramble.

There i« in that Hand a faire city, standing three leagues from the sea, nerc vnio a lake
<allcd I.,aguna, wherein arc two faire parish churchea, there dwellelh the goucrnoiir who riilrih
all that Hand with iunlicc. There are also aldermen for the publike weale, who buy their (f.
ficeaofthe king: the moat of the whole inhabitant* of Ihix tily are gentlemen, merchjnt>,
and hiiaband men.

fifuCnti. There are other foure towne<i railed Santa Cru/. Ijrolau.i, Itialeio, and (lanu hico.

In this Hand before the conquest dwelt scuen kings, who with all their fienple «lwcli in
caues, and were clothed in goal skinnes, as the Canaria people were, and vsed such like nnli r
of diet as they had. Their order of buriall was, that when any <lie<l, he w.is carried nakcil ti
a great caue, where he waa propped vp against the wall standing on his feet. Rut if he wen
of any authority among Ihem, then had he a slall'e in his hand, and a vessell of milke Kiand-
ing by him. 1 haue scene caues of ilOO of these corpses together, the (lesh being dried \p, the
body remained aa light as pan hmeni. These people were called (iuanches, naturailv tlirv
spake another language cleane contrary to the Canarians, and so consequently euery Hand
spake a aeiierall language.

Note ( gentle reader) that the Hand of Canaria, the lie of Tenerif, and the He of Palma .ip-
pcrtaine to the king ofSpaine, vnto whom ihcy pay fifty thousand duckats yeerelv for oi*,-
tome and other profits. All these Hands ioynliy are one bishopricke, which pay to the bishop
tweliie thousand duckats yeerely. And thus I conclude of the lie of Tenerif, which slandcth
in 27 degree* and a halfe, aa I liauc before declared.

Goraera.

THc Hand ofGomera standcth Westward from Tenerif, in distance hixe le.-igiies: this is bin
a amall Hand conteining eight leagues in length. It is an Uarlc<loine, & the Lord thereof i<>
called the carle of Gomera. Rut in c.ise of any controuersie the \x«sals may appeale to the
kings sujterior bulges which reside in Canaria.

Thia Hand hath one proper towne called Gomera, which halh an excellent good port or
harbour for ships, where often times the Indian fleet take refreahing for their voyage.

There

Thomait Nlroli.

'fhomai Mioh.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

There in alau •uffii icnt Rninc and fruit Tor the niiinienancr nf Uiemitclueii.

There ii one In^cnio or SiiKar-houite, with great plenty of wine and other aorlN of fruitu, a*
Canaria and Tcni'rir hath.

Thi« Hand yecldelh no other commodity but onely orchell ; it otandrth in 87 degrees di!»<
lant from the E(|uat(ir toward the pole Arclirke,

The lie r)r I'alma.

TlIc lie of Palmi Niandrih twcliie IcaRiic* distant from the He of (iomera NorihwcHtward-
Thii Hand i^ fruilfiill of wine and nugar: it hath a proper city railed the city of I'alma, where
in KCt*"' contraction for winex, which are liidcn fur the West India & other places. Thiii tiiv
liaih one fuirc church, and a Koucrnour, and aldermen to maintaine and execute iiiNticc. Ii
haih aUo another pretv tnwnr, called S. Andrcwrx. (i hath aUo fnurc Ingcuion which make
c\i client Niigar, two of the which arc called Zauxe^, and the other two, Ta^wacort.

Thiitlland yecldcth but little brcad-corne; but rathci U thereof prouidcd from Tenerif and
other placcH.

Their be<4| wines grow in a noilo called the Rrcnia, where ycerely in gathered tweluc thou-
Rjnd buiN of wine like viiio Mulm.4ie!4. Thi** Hand Mandeth round, and containeth in circuit
neerr line and iweniy Icagucn. It hath plenty of all xortu of fruitst, as Canaria and Tcncrifhaue,
it ittandcth in twenty iteucn degrees and a halfc.

The Hand of Yron, called Ilierro.

Tllit Hand Ntandclh ten league* distant from the Hand of Palma WeDiward: it is but a little
Hand, wliii'h cont.iineth sixe leagueit in circuit, and hath but small extcnoion. It appcrlaincih
to the carle of (iomera. The chicfest comm(Hli(y of this Hand is goats flesh and orchell. There
is no wiiic in all thai il.ind, but onely one vineyard that an English man of Tauuton in the ThfunrKvint.
West cdunlrey planted among rock*, hia name wan luhn Hill, I'lMldhJ"'.".

This Ihuul hath no kind of fresh water, but onely in the middle of the Hand groweth a great U!il of i ium^n.
ircc with Icauea like an Oliuc tree, which hath a great cistcrne at the loot of the vayd tree.
This tree ( ontinually is couere<l with clouds, and by mcancH thereof the leaucs or the onyd
tree continually drop water, very Mweet, into the sayd cisierne, which rommcth to the sayd
tree from the cloudu by attraction. And thiit water sutliceth the Hand for all nccessitiesj as
well for the cattcll, as for the inhabitants. It standcth in 27 degree!*.

The Hand of Lanzarota.

Tile Hand of I^anzamta standcih eighleenc leagues distant from grand Canaria Southea«l-
wnrd. The onely commodity of this Hand is gonts flr>h and orchell. It is an carlcdomc, and
(loth appert.iinc to Don Augustine dc Ilcrrerj, with title of carle of Fonauentura and
I^inzarnta. But the \.issal» of these Ciirlctlonu-s may in anv cause of wrong appeale t<i the
Kings ludges, which reside in Canaria, .is I haue sayd helorc: because although the king hath
rcserucd to himseifc but onely the three fruitful iLuids, called Can:iri:i, Tenerif, and I'alma,
)Ct he also reserucd the r<xl of iustice to himselfe, because otherwise the v.xssals might be
ciiil inlrcalcd of their Lord".

From this Hand do weekly resort to Canaria, Tenerif, &: Palma, boats laden with dried
cats (Irsh, called Tussmelta, which scnieth in stead of bacon, and is very good meat. This
U.iikI standeth in 20 degrees, and is in length tweluc leagues.

The He of Fortcucntura.

TIIc He of F«)rtcuenlura standeth fifty leagues from the promontory of Cabo de (iiicr, in
the firinc land of Afrit a, and fourc & twenty leagues distant from Canaria Kstward, This Hand
(loth appcrtainc to the lord of I.anzarola. It is reasonable fruitfull of wheat and barley, and
also of kiue, goats, and orchel : this He i-i fiffeenc leagues long and ten leagues broad. On
the North side it hath a little Hand about one Icguc distant from the mainc lland, betwecne
both of the which it is nauigabic fur any ships, uf)d i^ called Graciooa.

Both

•>>',

sKi

mUI'

' <1

I '

[ i'

'I' I'll \ '■

46'> VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The I. voyage In Barbaric.

Both Fortcucntura and Lanzarota haue very little wine of the growth of those Hands. Ii
standcth in 27 degrees.

Thus much hanc I written of these seiien Hands by experience, because I was a dweller
there, as I haue sayd before, the space of seuen yeeres in the affaires of master Thomas Lorko,
master Anthonie Hickman, and uia-iier Edward Castelin, who in those dayes were worthy
merchants, and of t,icat crcdite in the citie of London,

A description of the Hand of \fadera.

TIIc Hand of Madera standeth in 32 degrees distant from the cquinoctinall line, aiul se-
uentie leagues from the He of Tenerif Northeastward and Southwest from Hercules pillars
This Hand was (ir-it di«couercd by one Macham an Englishman, and was after conquered and
inhabited l)v llie Poriugall nation. It was first called the Hand of Madera, by reason of ihc
jircat wildc'rncsse of sundry sortes of trees that there did growe, and yet doe, as Cednrn,
Cypres, Vinatico, Barbuzano, Pine trees, and diners olaers, and therefore the savd I!;in(l
c()Mtiiiucth still with the same name. Howbeit they hold opinion, that betweene the sa\(|
Hand and the He of Palma is an Hand not yet discoucrcd, which is the true Hand Madera
called saint Brandon. This Hand yeeldeth a great summeof money to the king of l'ortiij;all
yerrelv : it hath one faire citie called Pouchall, which hath one faire port or harlxmr tor
shippes, and a Mrniig biilwarke, and a faire Cathedrall church, with a bishop and other di.;-
nitics thereunto appertaining. There is also iustice and gouernment according to the I'l.r-
tugall vse. But causes of appellation are remitted to the citie of Lisbone in Portugall tn ilu'
kin>^^ superior iudges there. This Hand hath another towne called Machico, which hath like-
wise a good road for ships, which towne and road were so called after the name of M.iclinii
the Englishman, who first discouered the same. There are also sixtcene sugar houses (ajlcl
Ingenios, wliidi make excellent <;ood sugar.

There is licsides the gowlly timber before declared, great store of diners sortes of friiitcs,
.as Peares, Apples, Plummes, wild Dates, Peaches of diners sortes, Mcllons, Batatas, Orcnue.,
Lemmoiw, Pomgraitates, Citrons, Figues, and all maner of garden hcrbes. There are iii;.in
Dragon trees, such as grow in the Canarie Hands, but chiefly this land prmluceth great ()iijm-
titic of singular goo<l wines which are laden for many places. On the North side of thi'i laii.i
three leagues distant from the mainc Hand standeth another litle Hand (ailed Porto santo : ih>'
people therei'f liueth by hnsbandrie, for the Hand of Madera veeldeth but litle come, hut
rather is thereof prouidcd out of France and from the liaiul of IVncrir. On the E.ast side (|
the He of .Madera si\c liMgiKS distant standeth .mother lille Hand called the Desert, \>lii(!'
producelh onely Orihell, and nourisheth a great number of Goatcs, for the pnniision of the
maine Hand, which may be thirtie leagues in circuit: and the land is of great hciglh where tiie
foresayd trees growe. It is woonder to see the conueyance of the water to the Ingenios In
.Mines through the mountaines.

In the mill way betweene Tenerif aiul the Hand of .Madera standeth a litle solitarie Ilaiul
called the .Saluages, which may bee about one league in compasse, which hath neither tree m r
/ruif, but is oiiely food for Goates.

The originall of the first voya;;e fortrafPique into the kingdom of .Marocro in Bar-
baric, begun in the yeere \'tj\. wilha tall ship called the Lion of London, where-
of went as captaine Master Thomas Windam, as appearelh by this extract of a
letter of lames ,\ldaie, to the worshipfull master .Michael Locke, which Aldaie
professclh himselfe to haue bene the first inuentorof this trade.

WOrshipful Sir, hauing lately bene acquainted with \our intent to prosecute the olde in-
termitted discoiierie for Catai, if therein with my knowledge, trauell or indusfrie I mav diie
vou seniicc, I am readie to doe it, and therein to adtienture my life to the vttermost point.
Tnipth it is, that I haue bene by some men (not my friends) enill spoken of at London, say-
ing that although I be a man of knowledge in the Arte of Nauigalion and ('osmographie, anil
that 1 haue bene the inuenter of some voyages that be now growen to great effect; yet say

they

Theivoiageto Bar.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

463

they maliciously and without iust cause, that I haue not not bene willing at any season to
proceed in those voyages that I haue taken in hand, taking example especially of two voy-
ages. The one was when I was master in the great Barke Aucher for the Leuant, in which
voyage I went not, but the causes they did not know of my let from the same, nor of the
other. But first the very tniefh is, that I was from the same voyage letted by the Princes
letters, which my Master .Sebastian Gabota had obtained for that purpose, to my great griefe.
And as touching the second voyage which I inuented for the trade of Barbaric, the lining
Godknoweth that 1 say most true, that when the great sweate was, (whereon the chicfe of
those vith whom I ioyncd in that voyage died, that is to say, Sirlohn Lutterell, lohn Fletcher,
Henry Ostrich and others) I my selfewas also taken with the same sweate in London, and after
it, whether with euill diet in keeping, or how I know not, I was c.nst into such an extreame
feuer, as I was neither able to ride nor goe: and the shippe being at Portesmouth, Thomas
Windam h.id her away from thence, before I was able to stand vp-^n my legges, bv whom I
lost at that instant fourescore pound. Besides I was appointed by tliem that died (if they had
lined) to haue had the whole gouernment both of shippe and goods, because I was to them the
sole inucnier of that trade.

In the first voyage to Barbary there were two Moores, being noblemen, whereof one was

of the Kings blood, conuayed by the said Master Thomas Windham into their Countrey

out of England,

Yours humble at your commandement,

lames Alday.

The second voyage to Barbary in the yeere I552. Set foorth by the right worship-
full .Sir lohn Yorkc, Sir William Gerard, Sir Thomas Wroth, Master Frances
Lambert, Muster Cole, and others; Written by the relation of Master lames
Thomas then Page to Master Thomas Windham chicle Capiaine of this voyage.

THe sliippes ihat wont on this voyage werethrcc, whereof two were of the Riuer of Thames,
That is lo say, the Lyon ofLondon, whereof Master Thomas Windham was Captaine and part
owner, of about an hundred & fiftie tunnes: The other was the Buttolfe about fourescore
tiinnc-i, .niid a Portiigall Carauel bought of certaine Portugals in New|H)rt in Wales, and fraight-
fd tor this voyage, of sumine sixtie tunnes. The number of men in the Fleele were an hun-
dred and twentic. The Master of the Lyon was one lohn Kerry of Mynhed in Somersetshire,
his Mate w.-»s Dauid Landman. The chiefe Captaine of this small Fleete was Master Thomas
Windhnm a Norrtoike gcntl?man borne, but dwelling at NLirshfield-parke in .Somerset shire.
Th'sFlei'le departed out of King-rode neere Bristoll about the beginiiin'; of May 15.')2. be-
iii); on n Munday in the morning: and the Munday fortnight next ensuing in the euening
(.line loan ancker at ihcir first port in the roade of Zaiia, or Asali on the co.ist of Barbaric,
standing in .'i'i. <leprees of latitude, and there put on land part of our marchandise to be con-
iicicd bv land to the citie of Marocco : which being done, and hauing refreshed our selues
with \irtuals and water, we went to the second port called .Santa Crn/, where ^se discharged SmtaCi
liiere*! of our goods, bcini; good quanlitie of linncn and woollen < loth, corall, amber, let,
and (liners other things well accepted of the Moores. In which road we found a French ship,
whiih not knowing whether it were warre or peace betweene England and France, drcwc her
srlfc .ns neere voder the towne wals as she could possible, craning aide of the towne for her
ilrrt'Mcc, if need were, which in deed seeing vs draw neere, shot at \s a j)iece from the wals,
whiih came oucr the Lion our Admirall, between the maine ni.ist iV.: her foremast. Where-
upon we comming to an anker, presently came a pinnes aboord vs to know what we were,
who vndersianding that we h.id bene there the vere before, & can-.. \\\\\\ the good leaue of
their king in marchant wise, were fully salislied, and gaue vs good leaue to bring cur goods
penrcabh on shore, where the Vicerov, whose name was Sibill Manache, withi.) short time
alter came to visite vs, and vsed vs with all curtcsie. But by diners occasions we spent here
very neere three moneths before we could get in our lading, which w.is Sugar, Dates, Al-
monds, and Malas.«os or sugar Syrrope. And for all our being here in the hcate of the Soni-

nuT,

Asali.

vvrrc jt .-.jdta
C'tui llii \reii
bctuir b.j' i
Ijjl.

it:

r.. \ ■ n ' o^ h

464

■^=^

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The %. voi. to Bar.

iner, yet none of our company perished by sicknewe. Our ships being laden, wee drew into
tiie Sea for a Westerne wind for England. But being at sea, a great Icake fell vpon the Lioi),
so that we were driuen to Lancerota, and Forteuentiira, where, betweenc the two Hands, we
came to a road, whence wee put on land out of our sayd ship 70. chestes of Sugar vpon
Lancerota, with some dozen or sixtcene of our company, where the inhabitants supposinj^
we had made a wrongfull prize of our carauell, suddenly came with force vpon our people,
amonj; whom I my selfe was one, tooke vs prisoners, and spoiled the sugars: which thing
being penciued from our ships, they manned out three boates, thinking to rescue vs, and
ilrauc the Spaniards to flight, whereof they slew eightecne, and tooke their gouernour of the
Hand prisoner, who was a very aged gentleman about 70 y ceres of age. But chasing the
enemie so farrc, f<ir our recoucrie, as pouder and arrowes wanted, the Spaniardes perceiuiiiji
this, ret\irncd, and in our mens retire they slew sixe of them. Then a Parle grew, in ihe
which it was agreed, that we the prisoners should be by them restored, and they rcceiue their
oldc gouernour, giuing vs a testimonie vnder his and their hands, what damages wee had there
recciucd, the which damages were here restored, and made good by the king of Spaine his mar-
chants \pon our rcturne into England. After wee had searched and mended our leake, hciiif;
returned aboord, we came vnder saile, and as wee were going to the sea on the one side of ihc
Hand, the Cacafuego and other ships of the king of Portugals Armada entered at the oilipr,
and came to anker in the road from whence we were btit newly departed, and shot oil' ilicir
great ortlinance in our hearing. And here by the way it is to bee vnderslood that the I'<iriu-
nals were much oflcnded with this our new trade into Barbaric, and both in our voia<;e tlu'
vcrre before, as also in this they gaue out in England by tlieir marihants, that if llicy to^kc
vs in those paries, they would vse vs as their mnrtall enemies, with great thrcites and me-
naces. But by God and good jirouidence wee escaped their handcs. From this Hand shapin;:
our coast for England, wee were seucn or eight weekes before we could reach the coavi it
England. The first port wee entered into was the haucu of I'limmonth, from whence wiihin
short time wee came into the Thames, and landed ourmarchandise at London, about the ri> !i-
of the moneth of October, I.j.j2.

A voiage made out of England vnfo (luinea and Benin in .\ftVikc, at the charges
of certaine marchants Aduenfurers of the Citie of Lon^Ion, in the yeere of our
Lord !.">.').'{.

I Was desired by certaine of my friends to make some mention of this Voiage, that some
memorie thereof might rcmaine to our pohteritie, if either iniquitie of time consuiuinj; all
things, or ignorance creeping in by barbarousnesse and contempt of knowledge should Iutc-
al'ter burv in obliuion so woortliie attempts, so much the greatlier to bee esteeiued, as hcli.ri
neuer enterprised by E.nglishmen, or at the least so frequented, as at this present thcv arc,
and may bee, to the great comiiKKliiie of our marchants, if the same be not hindered liv ilu'
ambition of such, as for the conquering of fortie or (iftie miles here and there, and errcniii;
(if certaine fortresses, thinke to be Lordes of halfe the world, enuving that other should eriim
the couunodities, which they themsclues cannot wholv posscssc. Anil although such as liaiic
bene at charges in the discouering and conquering of such laiules ought by gocnl reason i(i
haue certaine priuileges, prcheniinences, and iribulcs for the same, vet C'o spcakc vnder cur-
rcction) it may secme soniewiiat rigorous, and agavnsi goixl reason and conscience, or rather
aaayiisf the charitie that ought to be among Christian men, that such as inu.idc thedomininns
of other should not permit other friendiv to \scthe trade of marchandise in places neerer, ur
scldonie fre<|uented of them, whereby their trade i-. not hindered iu such |)laces, where liicv
themsclues haue at their owne election a|)pointed the Martesof their tradike. But forasnuidi
as at this present it is not my intent to accuse or defend, approoiie or improoue, 1 will cmsc
to spc'ake any further hereof, and proceed to the dc>criptiii) of the lirst voyage, as brielly
and faithfully as I was aduerlised of the same, by the iufonnation of such credible persons,
as made diligent inquisition to know the Irueth thereof, as nuicli as shall be requisite, omit-
ting tosj)eake of many particular things, not greatly nccessaric to be knowen : which neiier-

lhele»i'

The a. voi. to Bar.

Thotms Windham.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DBCOUERIES.

thelesse, with also the exact course of the nauigation, shall be more fully declared in the m-
cond voiage. And if herein fauour or friendship shall perhaps cause some to thinke that some
haue bene sharply touched, let them lay apart fauour and friendship, and giue place to truethj
that honest men may receiue prayse for well doing, and lewd persons reproch, as the iust
stipend of their eiiill dcsertes, whereby other may be deterred to doe the like, and vertuous
men encouraged to proceed in honest attempts.

But that these voyages may be more plainly vnderstood of all men, I haue thought good for
this purpose, before 1 intreat hereof, to make a briefe description of Africa, being that great
part of the world, on whose West side beginncth the coast of Guinea at Cabo Verde, about
twelue degrees in latitude, on this side the Kquinoctiall line, and two degrees in longitude
from the measuring line, so running from the North to the South, and by East in some places,
within 5, 4, niid^J degrees and a lialfe vntn the Equinoctiall, and so foorth in maner directly
East and by Nortli, for the space of 3G degrees or tlicreabout, in longitude from the West to
the East, as shall more plainly appeare in the description of the second voyage.

A briefe description of Afrike gathered by Richard Eden.

IN Africa the Icsse arc these kingdoms : the kingdom of Tunis and Constantina, which is Tumi.
at this day vndcr Tunis, and also the region of Bugia, Tripoli, and E/zah. This part of Afrike x"|pou,
is very barren by reason of the great deserts, as the deserts of Numidia and Barca. The prin- Numidia.
cipall ports of the kingdome of Tunis are these: Golctta, Bizerta, Potofarnia, Bona, and Stora.
The chicfe cities of Tunis are Constantina and Bona, with diuers other. Vnder this kingdom
are many Hands, as Zerbi, Lunpadola, Pantalarcn, Limoso, Belt, Gamelaro, and Malta, where lUndiofTuaii.
at this present is the great master of the Ithode.s. Vndcr the South of this kingdom are the Th!i'^e«m of
great deserts of Lybia. All the nations in this Africa the Icssc are of the sect of Mahomet, Lyba.
and u rusticall people, liuing scattred in villages. The l>est of this p.irt of Afrike is Barbaria Barbaric
King on the coast of the sea Meditcrranemn.

Mauritania (now called Barbaria) is diuided into two parts, as Mauritania Tingitana, and Mauritania.
Caisariensis. Marritania Tingitana is now called the kingdom of Fes, and the kingdom of Ma- Tht kingdom of
rocco. The prin.'ipall citie of Fes is called Fessa : and the chicle citie of Marocco is named F" * Maroccu.
Marocco.

Mauritania Ca'sariec.sis is at this day called the kingdom of Tremisen, with also the citie TrcmiiSB.
called Tremisen or Telensin. This region is full of deserts, and re.icheth to the Sea Mediter-
ranrum, to the citie of Oram, with the port of .Mersalquiber. The kingdom of Fes reachcth O"'".
viito the Ocean Sea, from the West to the citie of Arf-ill.i : and the |)ort of thcsayd kingdom """'i"'''"
is called Sala. SaU.

The kingdom of Marocco is also extended abouc the Ocean Sea, vnto the citie of Azamor Aaimn.
snd A/.afi, which are vpon the 0( can Sea, toward the West of the sayd kingdom. Ncrc
Mauritania Tingitana (that is to say, by the two i\in;jdoms ol' Fes, and Marocco) ,ire in the
.Sea, the Hands of Canarie, called in old time. The fortuiK'te Hands. Toward the South of X*" 'l-""''^ "■'
this region is the kingdom of (iuinca, with .Senega, lalofo, (Jambra, and many other regions oulncli
of the Blacke -Moorcs, railed ;\cthiopians or Ncgros, all which arc watered with the riuer Ne- Aeiiiiopiaiii
^ro called in old time Niger. In ihc sayd regions are no cities, but onely certiinc lowe cot-
ta^'cs made of boughes of trees, plastered with chalke, and couered with strawe. In these
rcijinns are also very great deserts.

The kingdom of Manic(o hath vndcr it these seucn kingdoms: Ilea, Sus, Guzula, the Marocco.
tcrritnrie of .Marrocco, Duccala, Ilazcliora, and Tedle. The kingdom of Fes hath as luany : rci.
as l"cs, Tcmcsne, A/gar, Klabath, Errif, Garet, and Elcair. The kingdom of Tremisen hath Trtmism.
these rciiions: Tremi>en, Tenez, and Elgazair, all which are Machometists. But all the regions
111' (I liiica are pure (icntiles, and idolatrous, without profession of any religion, or other ouincs.
knowledge of God, then by the law of nature.

Arri<a the great is one of the three parts of the world, knowen in old time, and seuercd .\ftica y' ertat,
(nn'.\ .\sia, on the East by the riuer Nilus, on the West from Europe by the pillars of Hercules.
The hither part is now called Barbaric, and the people Moorcs. The inner part is called L^ bia
\(iL. n. 3 O and

(>,■.!

I'lm

l*t 1-.* '. i:t *

466

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thomas Windam.

,,A ■ I,,,,.-/!;- il

^^i'ii;'

•■

^lica the Itiie.

Canhagr.
Preitcr lolm.

Cape Ae Bona

oipcranzj.

From whenc*
the Qiiccnr uf
ftiiba ^ame.

Thf canhly Pa-
radise.

The irers of the
Sunnr and the
Moone.

Ilia:ilr.

The Hands cf
M|ilera

and Aethiopia, Afrike the lesse is in tins wise bounded. On the West it hafh Numidia; On
the East Cyrenaica : On the North, the sea called Mediterranenm. In thi^i countrey was the
noble city of Carthage.

In the East side of Afrike beneath the red sea, dwellcth the great and mighty Emperour
and Christian king Prester lohn, well knowen to the Portiigales in their voyages to Cnljcut.
His dominions reach very farrc on ciicry .side: and hath viider him many other Kings both
christian and heathen that pay him tribute. This mightie prince is called Dauid the Rmppnmr
of Aethiopia. Some write that the king olPortugall sendcth him yeerely eight ships latlen with
marchandize. His kingdom confincth with the red Sea, and rcacheth far into Afrike toward .\c-
gypt and Barbarie. Southward it confiticlh with the Sea toward the Capede Bona Speranza: and
on the other side with the sea of sand, called Mare de Sabionc, a vcrv dangerous sea Kinf.
between 5' great citie of Alcair, or Cairo in Acgypt, and the country of Aotiiiopia : In the wliiih
wav are main vnhabitable deserts, continuing for the space of fine dayes journey. .And (licv
aflirmc, thiit if the sayd Christian Emperor were not hindered by those deserts (in the \>hi(h
is great lacke of victuals, & cspeiially of wiiter) he would or now hauc inuaded the king-
dom of Egypt, and the citie of Alcair. The cliiefe city of Ethiopia, where this great emperor
is resident, is called Amacaiz, being a faire cilie, whose inhabitants are of jhe colour of an
Oliue. There are also many other cities, as the city of Sana vpon the riuer of Nilns, where
the Emperour is accnstonied to remaine in the Soinmer season. There is likewise a great city
named Barbaregaf, and Ascon, from whence it is said that the Qucene of S.ibacame to Hie-
rnsalem to heare the wiscdom of Salomtm- This citie is but litle, yet very faire, and one uf
the chiefe cities in Ethiope. In this prouince are many exceeding high monnfains, vpon the
which is said to be the earthly paradise : and some say that there are the trees of the ^llnne
and Moonc, whereof the antiqnilie makef h mention : vet that none can passe thither by rcisDn
of great deserts of an hundred daies iourney. .Mso beyond these mountains is the Cape of
Bona Speranza. And to haue said thus much of .Mrike it may suflicc.

The first vciage to Guinea and Benin.

IN the veere of our I.onl I. ■».").'{. the twelfth day of August, sailed from Portsmouth tun
goixUy ships, the Primerose and the Lion, with a pinnas called the Moone, being all will
furnished aswell with men of the lustiest sort, to the number of seuen score, as also with
ordinance and victuals retpiisiic to such a voi.age : hailing also two captaines, the one a str.m-
ger called Anthonie Anes Pinteado, a Porfugall, borne in a towiie named The Port of I'or-
tugall, a wise, discreet, and sober man, who for his cunning in sailing, being as well an ex-
pert Pilot as a politike captaine, was sometime in great fauour with the king of Portuaall,
and to whom the coasts of Brasile and (iuinea were connniited to be kept from the French-
men, to whom he was a tcrronr on the Sea in those parts, and was furthermore a genticniaii
of the king his masters house. Hut as fortune in ni.iiuT neuer fauoureth but flaftereth, neiier
promiscth i)ut deceiueth, neuer raiscth but casfelh . wne againe : and as great wealili \-
iauotir haue alwaies companions, emulation and enuie, he was after many aduersities \
«piart Is maiic against him, infcvrred to tome into England : where in this golden vovau'f he
was enil nuitciied with an vn('(|n:ii companion, and vnlike match of mt 't sundry qualities \:
conditions. T^ilh xiTtiie-; few or none adorned. Thus dcp.nrted these noble ships vndcr siilc
on their \ova .c: But lirst caplnine Wiiulam putting forth of his >hip at Portsmouth a kins-
man cf one of the \u-m\ nianiiMuts, .iiiil shewing herein a muster of the tragicall partes hee
had conceiiied in his braine, and witli such small beginnings nourisiicd so monstrous a birth,
that more happy, yea and blessed was that vong man being left behind, then if he had bene
taken with them, as some do wi-h he had done tiie like bv theirs. Thus sailed they on
their voyage, vntill they came to the Hand t)f Madera, where they tooke in certaine wines
for the store of their ships, and paid for them as they agreed of the price. At these Hands
lhi'\ niet with n gre.it G ilion of ijie king ol I'orlngall, full of men aiid ordinance: vet such as
could not haue preuailed if it had attempted to wiihsiand vr resist onrships, for the which cause
it was set (oorth, not onely to let aii'l infcrnipt tliese our -^hipijes of their purposed xoiage,
but al other that should attempt the like • jet chicdv to fnistrate our voiage. For the king

<if

Thomas Windnm.

Thomas Windam,

TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES

407

of I'oringall was sinisterly informed, that oiir ships were nrmcd lo his caatle of Mina inThcoMii^of
these parties, whereas nothing lossc v,:is mont. ^'""'

After that our ships tlopartcd from the lliind of Nfadcra foiw. ,-J on their voiagc, began this
worthy captainc Pinteados sorow, as a iran tonncnted wiiii ihc cOpany of a terrible Hy-
dra, who hitherto flattred with him, Si in'idc him a faire countcn.nicn and sh»:w of loue.
Then did he fai;e vpO him to commund all alone, scttiiij; nought both !iv <;i]',:ii'', Pinttado,
and the rest of the niarrhants factors, sometiino* with opprobrious words, and s.imtimcs witii
threainings most shanifidly abusing them, takiui; from Pintcado tiie scruicc o/ ti\i' l)oies and
I'cTlain mariners that were assigned him by the order and direction of the worshipful mer-
chants, and leaning him as a commo mariner, which is the greatest despite and grief th;it
can be to a Portugale or S|)aniard, to be dnninisiied of their honor, which they esteem al)oue
;ill riclu's. Thus mailing forward on tlieir voiagc, thev came to the Hands of Canaric, con-Tht iiandiui
tinning their course CrO thence vntil they arriued at the Hand of S. Nicholas, where they ^""iLndor
victualled theselucs with fresh meat, of the (icsh of wild goats, whereof is great plenty in s. Niduii.-.
that Hand, \' in maner of nothing cN. Prom hence folowing on their course and tarying
here &: there at the desert Hands in the way, because they would not come too timely to the
coiintrey of Guinea for the heat, and tarving .s<imwhat too lor)g (lor what can be well mi-
ni.strcd in a conimo wealth, where incqualitie with lyrannie wil rule alone) they came at the
length to the first land of the counlry of (iuinea, where lliev fel with the great riuer of Tht riuetur
Sesto, where they might for tiieir marchandi/cs haue laden iheir ships with the graines of y"'°nt,.
that coiuitrey, which is a very bote fruit, and much like vnto a (ig as it groweth on the tree.
For as the figs :irc full of small seeds, so is the said fruit full of graines, which are loose
within the cod, hauing in the mids thereof a hole on euerv side. This kind of spice is much
vsed in cold countries, i*t may there be sold for great aduanlage, for exchange of other wares.
But our men, by the perswasion or rather inforcement of this tragical! captainc, not regard-
ing and setting light l)y that comnuMlilie, in comparison of y line gold they thirsted, sailed "'^J''"'""'^
an hunilred leagues I'urilur, vntil they came to the golden land : where not attempting to*
come neere the castle pertaiuing to the king of Portugall, which was within the riuer of Mina, Thfcjsiicpf
tliev made -ale of their ware only on this side & bevond it, fer the gold of that coutrv, to '^'""'
the iiua,,tiiie i.f an huiulr«'il and lil'iie jiounds weight, there being in case that thev might ThMu<niiii">f
ha'ieiiispan I'.ed all their ware \\r gold, if the vnlamc liraine of Windam had, or could haue^""'
giiHv: e ,r<' to the counsell and experience of Pinteado. For when that Windam not satisfied
wit I 'lie giild \viii.h he had, and more migiit haue had if he had taried about the Mina, com-
nianili;itj ih ■ ^.iid I'intc.ido {U^r so he tooke vpou him) to lead the ships to Benin, being vn-
(! r i'>e l'.f]nir..iiial line, and an hundred and lifty leagues hevond the Nfina, where he look-
i.l lo haue their ships laden with pep|;er: and being counselled of the said Pinteado, consi-
lUii'ig the late time of the yeere, lur tli:',t time to go no further, l)ut to mak<^ sale of their
wares >iun as tliey hud for gold, whciLv t'u'\ mi ;iit haue bene great gainers; Windam not
.^s<^nl!ll.; hereunto, fell into a sudtie.< i.ige, reuiling the savd I'inteado, calling him lt.\v, F""'"''"'""''
\.i;i other opjin i>rious words, sayiiig, This whore-on lew hath promised to bring vs to >,iuh
pi .ees as are not, or as he cannot bring vs vol >: I iit if lie do in-t, 1 v^ill cut oil' his cares
piid naile litem to the r.iaste. I'inteado gaue the foresaid counsell to go no further for the
snlegard of the men and their lines, \\hieh thev s|i()uld pitt in daiiiier if thev eatne too late,
tnr tue Itossi;! whiih is their Winter, not lor cold, but lor smothering heate, with close and Thr Rcs-ij.
rKiiilie aire and storming weather, of stich putrilying (pialitie, that it rotted the coates of
their h.K ks : or els for comming to soonc for tiie scorching heat of the snnne, which caused Rottini! litis,
tliein to linger in the way. Hut of for( e antl not of will brought he the ships before the ri-
uer uf Benin, wliere riding at an ,\nker, thev sent their pinnas vp into the riuer 50 or 60 Donn.
leagues, from wiienee certaine of the inarchanls with eaptaine Pinteado, Francisco a For- itancisco.
ii'^ale, Nicholas Lambart gentleman, and otiur marchants were conducted to the court where N\h. Lambart.
the king remained, ten leagues from the riuer side, whither when they came, they were
hroiisjlit with a great company to the presciu i' of the king, who being a blackc Moore (al- I'lit iii[u.-i Bt.
iluHigh not so hlacke as the rest) sate in a great huge hall, long and wide, the wals made of ""''""■""

\i O

earth

y'm

tT i

'♦■ •*'

N ^'Vt:\

i:;':

* Ji..*

• ilT

rj*S''i' h

468

Rcuerence to-
war J the km£.

Thr communi-
calion betwcf n
the kin^ of Be*
niti and mir
mtii.

I'ej'per.

Th* kiiifs gen-
ttents towards
our mtn.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M Tho. Windam.

Th'<1"'h of
WindiiTi.

Pi. triin ruill
vifii of the marl'
neri.

eartli without windowcs, the roofe of thin boords, open in sundry places, like vnto louers
to let in the aire.

And here to speake of the great rcuerence they giue to their king, it is such, that if wc
would giue as much to our Sauior Christ, we should rcmooiie from uur heads many pla<r|ic.s
which we daily deserue for our contempt and impictie.

So it is therfore, that when his noble men arc in his presence, they neucr lookc him in
the face, but sit cowrinu, as wc vpon our knees so they vpon their buttocks, with their el-
bowea vpon their knees, and their hands before their faces, not looking vp vntil the king
command them. And when they are comming toward the king, as far as they do see him,
they do shew such reucrence, sitting on the ground with their f:ices coiiered as before. Like-
wise when they depart from him, tlicy turn not their backs toward him, but goe creeping
backward with like reucrence.

And now to speake somewhat of the communication that was between the king and our
men, you shall lirst vnderstand that he hiinselfc could speakr the Portuijall tongue, which
he had learned of a child. Therefore alter he had commniided our men to stand vp, and de-
manded of them the cause of their lomniing into that countrey, they answered by Pintcido,
that they were m.irchants trauciiiiig into those parties for the commodities of his countrcv,
for exchange of wares which they had brought from their countries, being such as should be
no iesse commotlious for him and his people. The king the hnuing of old lying in a ccr-
faine store-house 30 or M) kintals of Pepper (euery kintail being an hundred weiijht) willed
them to looke vpon the same, and agaiiie to bring him a sight of such merchandizes as they
had brought with them. And thereupon ^ent with the captaine and the inarchants certainc
of his men to conduct them to the waters side, with other to bring the ware from the pinnas
to the court. Who wlien they were returned and the wares seen, the king g.-ew to this
ende with the merchants to prouidc in .'iO dayes the lading of al their ships with pepper.
.\nd in c.isc their merchaiuli/.es would not extend to the value of so much pepper, he pni-
mi.sed to crcditc them to tlicir next returne, and thereupon sent the country rotmd about \n
gather pepper, causing the same to be brought to the court: So that within the space of liO
dayes they had gathered fourescore lunne of pepper.

In the meane sc.nson our men j>artly hauing no rule of themselues, but eating without
measure of the fruits of ifio roiuitrey, aiul drinking the wine of the Palme trees that drop-
pcfh in the night from the cut of the branches of the same, and in such extreme heate run-
ning continually info the w.ifer, not vsed before to such sudden and vehement altcratiiuiv
[ then the which nothing is more dangerous) were thereby brought into swellings and auur>:
insomuch that the later time of the yeere comining on, caused them to die sometimes three
it sometimes 4 or 5 in a day. Then Windam percciuing the time of the ',U) daics to he ex-
pired, and his men dying so fast, sent to the court in post to Ca|)laine Pinicado, ^' the rot
to come away and to tary no longer. But Pinteado with the r<>st, wrote backe to him ai;.iinp,
rertifving him of the great quantity of jiepper Ihcy had alreadie gathered & looked d.iilv
for much more ; desiring him furthermore to remeber the great jiraise and name they slioiild
win, if they came home jirosjieroush , and what shame of the contrary. With which .iii-
swcrc Windam not satislied, and manv of their men dying day Iv, willed and cominaiiii'Icil
them againe either to come away forthwith, or els threatened to leaiie them behinde When
Pinteado heard this answere, thinking to ])erswade him with rcison, hee tooke his wav frum
the court toward the ships, being conducted thither with men by the kings co;nmandemeiil.
In the meane season \\iii(lani all raging, brake vp Pinteados Cabin, brake open his che^ic-,
spoiled such prouision of cold stilled waters and siicketN as he h.id pronidcd for his heahh,
and left him nothini;, neither of his instruments to s.iile bv, nor yet of his a|)parell : and in
the meane time falling sieke, himselfc died also. Whose death Pinteado comining alxiord,
lamented as much as if he had bene the decrest frienil he had in the world. But cerlaine dI
the mariners and other odicers did spit in his face, some calling him lewe, saying that he had
brouiiht them thither to kill them : and some drawing their swords at him, making a shew
to slay him. Then he percciuing that they would needs awav, desired them to tarv that he

might

M. Tho. Windam,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES.

might Fetch the rest of the inarchants that were left at the court, but they would not grant
tim request. Then desired he them to giue him the ship-boate, with ns much of an old
saiic as might icnic for the same, promising tlicm thcrwith to bring Nicholas Limbert and
the rest into England, hut all was in vaine. Then wrote he a letter to the court to the mar-
ch;ints, informing them of ail the matter, and promising them if God would lend him life to
rctiirnc with all haste to fetch the. And thus was Pinteado kept ashipboord against his will,
ihnist among the boycs of the ship, not vsed like a man, nor yet like an honest boy, but
j;lad to find fauour at the cookes hand. Then departed they, leaning one of their ships be-
hind them, which they sunke for lacke of men to cary her. After this, within 6 or 7 dayes
sayling, dyed also Pinteado for ucry pensiuenesse & thought that stroke him to the heart. A
man worthy to seme any prince, and most vilely vsed. And of seuenscore men came home
to Plimmouth scarcely forty, and of them many died. And that no man should suspect these
words which I hauesaidc in commendation of Pinteado, to be spoken vpon fauour otherwise
then tructh, I haue thought good to adde hereunto the copie of the letters which the king of
Fortugall and the infant his brother wrote vnto him to reconcile him, at such time as vpon
the king his masters displeasure (and not for any other crime or ofTence, as may appeare by
the said letters) he was only for pouertie inforrcd to tome into England, where he first per-
swaded our marchants to attempt the said vovages to (Juinca. Hut as the king of Portugall
too late repented him that he had so punished l'inte:ul'>, vpon malicious informations of such
as enuied the mans ^ood fortune: eiien so mav it hcrcijy ajipeare that in some cases cuen
Lions thcmselues may either be liindcre<l by the contempt, or aided by the help of the poore
mi.sc, according vnio the fable of Ksope.

The copie of Anthonie Anes I'inteado his letters patents, whereby the king of Por-
tugall made him knight of his house, after all his troubles and imprisonment,
which, by wrotifj; inlurmalion made to the kins;, he had susteincd of long time,
being at the last deliucred, his cause knowen and manifested to the king by a gray
Frier the kin>»s Confessor.

469

Thii Limbttt
waiaLondincr
burne, wKoif fa>
ther had bin
Lord Maior of
Lundon.

The death of

Fimeado.

Pinteado first
perswaded our
men to the vol-
age of Guinea.

I The king doe giue you to vndersiand lord Francis Desseaso, one

lUU'

the

, M..J. ^...f, «„^ f^,,.. ,„v. ... ..,„>...,.,. >.., .,.^j,v>..-.., v,..^ wl" my counsell and

L-rscer of my house, that in tusjilcration of tlie j;ood seruice which Anthony Anes Pinteado,
I, It- Sonne of lohn .\nes, dwelling in tlie towne called the Port, hath done vnto me, my will
and pleasure is, to make him knight of my house, allowing to him in pension seuen hundred
reis monethly, and eiiery »lay one alcayre of barly, as long as he keepelh a horse, & to be
paid accortling to the ordinricc of my hmise. Proiiiilin;; alwaies that he shall receiue but
line marriage gift. And this aKo in such lOdiiion, tli.a the time which is at ccpted in our
iirdinanre, forliidding such men to marry for fretting «uih ciiildren as might surcetde them
in this allowance, whidi is t> yercs after the making of this patent, shalbe first expired be-
fiirc he do marry. I therfort- command ymi to cause this to be entred in the booke called
the Matricula of our houshold, viuler the title of knij;hts. And when it is so entred, let the
clarke of the Matricula, for the certeintic thcrof, write on the backside of this .\luala, or
patent, the number of ine leafe wherein il»is our urant is entred. Which done, let himre-
tiirne this writing vnto the saiil .Xnthonie Anes Pinteado for his warrant.

I Diego Henri(|ues haue written tiiis in Aimarin the two and twentic day of September,
in the yeere of our Lord l.'ijl. And iliis bcneuolcnce tiie king gaue vnto Antiionie Anes
Pinteado, the line and twentie day of lul) tiiis present yecre.

Key.

The Secretaries di'daration written vnilcr the kings grant.

YOur Maiestie hath vouch-afcd, in re-pert an<l consideration of the sjooil seruice of An-
thony Anes Pintead , dwelhng in the pnf, .ind soniie of lohn \i\vt, to make him knight of
viiiir house, with ordinarie aliow.inte, of seiien hundred reis ])ension by the moncth, and
one alcairc ol barley by the dav, as long a.s lie kecpcth a horse: and to be paide accord-
ing

Seuen hunilrtJ
reii art tfnshilU
iiijs.

Alcjyrr is tulfc
i bushell.

470

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

J»r Tbo. mnrtam

I ■,

f^^'M

1^ ,ti

iiiq; to the ordinance of your house, with conditiiii that hep shall haue but one iiiurriaijc J(>
and that not within the spare of sixe ycres afirr the inakiiii; of these letters Piitenls. fho
Secretaries note. F.ntred in the booke of the Matricuia. Fol. (»H,i.

Trancisco de Siijucra.

The fopie of the letter of Don Lewes the infant, and brother to the king of IV<rtu.
gall, sent into Kn^land to Anthonie Ane;* I'intcido.

ASthonv Anes Pititeado, I the infant brother to the kiiij;, haiie nic heartily iDinmemlid
\ iilo voii. I'etcr Gonsaliies i.s jjone to seeke yon, (4c»irin!; tn lirin>{ ymi home a;j;ain into your
iiiuntrcv. And for that piirjiose he hath with him a s.ife (Odiict for you, granted h\ ih(
kini;, that iherbv yon may freely and without all fi-are come home. And althou;;h the wcj.
ther be foiile and stormie, yet faile not to come : for in llie time that his MaicNtic hath s^iiicii
Mill, \<>u in.iv doe manv things to yonr contenlalion and <;r.itir)iiij< itiO king, wlirrcdl |
^^(l|lld he riuht glad: and to brini; the same to p.isse, 1 will do all mat lietli in me (cr \niir
profile. But forasmiicii as I'eter Gonsaliies will make Inrlher dei laration hereof vnto Mm, |
-av no more at this present Written in Lisbone, the eight day of December. Anno l.i.ii.

The infant Don Lewof,

.M.I these foresaid writinj^s I saw vnder scale, in the honsc of my friend Nicholas l,ir<c,
with wlioni I'inteado left them, at his vnfortunate departing to Guinea. But, notwiihst.uitl-
inj; all these frieiidiv letters and faire |)roniises, I'inleado durst not attempt to goc h<imc,
neitlier to keepe coiiipaiiie with the I'orlnnnls his lountrey men, without the presence of other,
forasmuch as lie had secrete admonitions that liiey intended to slay him, if lime and placf
mii;ht baue seriied their wicked intent.

The second vo\ ai;e to Ciuinea set out by .Sir Cieorge Hariie, .Sir lohii Yorkc, Tho-
mas I.ok, .Aiilhoiiic llicknian and Kdwurd C.Klciin, in the jerc l;K>-f The C.-j)-
taine wluTcof was .\1. loliii I.ok.

<r:;<frt Oaitilii
«4' iiiailrr if

I hf lit . f \U-

ril( i- if the history, then the course of
|)rilc'(l inriirin.itiori : so in the de-rrip-

AS in the (ir->t \()ia^c I hnue declared rather the
the naiiiiiatinn, wl;ereof at that lime I muld li.iiie no

tion of ihisstTond vi ya^c, my clncfc intent haih beene tn shew the course of the same, m-.
cordini; to the I'bscruatinr. and ordinarie ciistome cf the mariners, and as I receiiied it at the
haiides of an evpert I'ilot, being one ol the chiefc in this voxajjc, who aWi with his owne
hands wrote a briefe declaration of the same, as he found and tried all things, ik^ bv (cm-
ieiliirc, but by the art ol' sayliiij;, and iiislru i eiiN perteiiiin;; ti the mariners facultie. Njt
therefore a^-uinini; to mv sclfc the cdininendaiioiis (iiie \iil<i olher, ncitliir so bold as in, my
pirt to ( han-^e or I'lherwisp dispose t!io order of this Ndvagc so ^veII obsenied bv art ami ex-
perience, I hnue ilio\ij;ht ^ood to si t Inrih tiie same, in such sort and phrisc df speech as is
common!) \scd amnnjj them, and as 1 recciiied it id' the said I'ilot, as I haiie .said. Take it
therefore as follcueth.

In the ycere <4' our Lord l."».")l- the eleuenih da\ of October, we departed the riuer of
Thames uiili three goodiv ships, the <ine called the Trinitie, a ship of the burden of scuen-
score tunne, the other called the Bariholomew, a shi;i of the burden of iiineiie, the thin!
was the lohn Kuangelist, a ship if seueii score tunne. Willi the >-a\d ^^hips and two pin-
ncsscs (wherof the one was drowned on the coast ol Ivnuland) we went forward on our ^ov-
age, and stayed at Doner fiuirteene dayes We staied also at Kie three or foure <Ia\es. .Morc-
ouer last af all we toudied at Darimouth.

The lirst da\ of Nouemt .r at nine of the clocke at nij;hf, departing from the c( ast c f I'l;-
gland, we set od'tlie Start, bearing Southwest all that night in the sea, and the next d:iv .ill
da\,aiid the next night alter, vntill the third day of the said moneth about noone, niakiiii;
our \\a\ good, did runnc threescore leagues.

The 17 day in the morning wc had sight of the lie of .Madera, which doth rise to him that

commelli

JIf. Tho. Winrlam

t one marriajii' ;ift ;
ttcrs r;itenl«. The

CWCO clc SiqiKTil.

king of I'orni-

heartily rommciuliil
lumie ajjain into vour
you, );raiilc(l l)y llir
nd aliliou;;!) tlic wca-
< Maiestic hatli '^iiiiM
HiC king, wlifrciil 1
iictli in inr (it ynir
n hereof vnto ymi, I
iliiT. Anno 1.").j2.

infant Don Li'wc-i.

friend Nicholas Lir^r,
I. But, notwith-taml-
ittempt to goe luinic,
the prcscnre of other;
m, if lime and placr

oiin Yorke, Tho-
i;>.)+ TheC.'jJ-

iry, then the course of
on : so in tiic dc-rrip-
ouf^o of the >,anie, ac-
1 a-t I rcci'iiied it at the
\h(' alsw with his ownc
ail things, not by coii-
niariiiers I'acultie. Nut
ritliir M) l)o!d as in any
hsenicd hy art and <\-
j)hr;i'-i' of speech as is
;is 1 hanc said. Take it

departed the riuer of
r liie burden of scuoii-
?u of iiinetie, the thinl
\d ^iliii»s and two pin-
iiit forward on our »oy-
■ or foure daves. Morc-

i; from the coast < f I'.r.-
ea, and the next day all
•th about noone, niakiii^;;

ieh doth rise to iiiin ihat
conniu'tli

M. John Lok.

TH.VFFFQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

471

commeth in the Northnortheasf part vpright land in the west part of it, and very high: and
to the .Southfioiitheast a low lon<{ land, and a long point, with a saddle thorow the iniddest
of it, standing in two and thirlie degrees; and in the West part, many springs of water run-
ning downe from the mounlaine, and many white lieldes like vnto come fields, & some white
houses to the Southea-it part of it: and the tojjpe of the mountairie sheweth very ragged, if
v(iu may see it, and in tiie Northeast part there is a bight or i)ay as though it were a
liarborow: Also in the said part, there is a rocke a little distance from the shoare, and ouer
the sayd bight you shall nee a great gappe in the mountaine.

The li) day at twelue of the clocke we had sight of the isle of Palmes and TencrifTa and ^he lie of
the Canaries. The He of I'alme ristth round, ^: lielh Southeast and Northwe>t, and the t'.' "(Tj.
Northwest part is lowest. In the South is u roinid liill ouer the head land, and anot'.er round "" ^'""i"-
hill aboue that in the land. There are betweenc the Southeast part of the He of Madera Sc
the Northwest p.irt of the He of I'alme seiien and lil'ty leagues. This Isle of Palme lieth in
eight anJ twenlv dci;rees .\nd our course from Madi ra to the lie of Palme was South and ,'i'"7|'*^"f"'"'
South and bv West, so that we h:ul srght of Tenerilla and of the Canaries. The Southeast paimei.
part of the He of the Palme, I'v: the Norlhnortheast of Tenerilla lie Southeast and Northwest,
and betweene tlitin are 'i'l leagues. Teneriflii and the great Canary called Gran Canaria, and onnCanarii.
the West part of Fortcucntura st.inde in seuen ami twenty degrees and a halfc. Gomera is ThH'i!l'i!i"d'
a faire Island but very ragged, v^t lieth Wcstsoutliwest oil" Tenerid'a. And whosoeuer wil Comtn.
come betweene thcni two Hands must come South and by Ea.st, and in the South part of
Gomera is a lowno and a good rode in the said part of the Hand: and it standeth in seuen
and twentie degrees and three lerces. T'enerilli* is an high land, with a great high pike like Ttntriffa.
a sugar loafe, and vpon the said pike is snow throughout all the whole yeere. And by rea- *"°*'
son of that pike it may be kiiuwen aboue all other Hands, and there we were becalmed the
twentieth day of Noucmber, from sixc of the clocke in the morning, vntill foure of the clocke
.It afternoone.

The two and twentieth day of Noueinber, viuler the Tropike of Cancer the Sunne goeth
(lowne West and by South. Vpon the cc^ast of Barbaric line and twentie leagues bv North Thf co«t or
Cape blanke, at three leagues od" the maine, there are lifteene fadomes and gowl shellv cait'ounkf.
j^roiind, and sande a.nong and nostreames, and two small Hands standing in two and twentie
ilcgrei s and a terce.

From Gomera to C.ipc de las Rirbas is an hiiiulred leagues, and our course was South and
bv East. The said Cipe standeth in two and twentie and a hallc' and all that coast is flatte,
sixleene or seuentecne fadonie deepc. Seuen or eight leagues olFfrom the riuer del Oro to Tiic nutr dti
Cape de las Uarbas, there vse maiiv Spaniardes and I'ortiigals to trade for lishing, during the °"''
niiiiielh of Nouember: and all lhat coa»t is verv low lands. Also we went (rotn Cape de las
Barbas Siniliisoiitliwest, and Southwest and by .South, till we brought our selues in twentie
degrees and a halfe, reckoning our selues seuen leagues ofl': and there were the least sholes
of Cape nianke.

Then we went South vntill we brought our .seines in l.'i degrees, reckoning our selues fiue
and twentie Lagiies olT. And in I.") degrees we did reare the Crossiers, and we might haue Thecri)»i«spr
reared t'-.ei i sooner if we had looked for them. They are not right a crosse in the nioneth of"""'"-"'-
Noiieinbtr, by reason that the nights .ire siiort there. Neiierthelesse we had the sight of them
the '2i> (lav of the said inonelh at ni;;ht.

The tiTHt of December, being in I.'? degrees we set our course South and bv F,ast, vntill
the fourih day of Deeendier at VI ol the cli>cke the same dav. Then we were in nine de-
}:recs ir.d a terce, reckoning our seines ,'{0 leagues of t!ie sholes of the riuer called Hio Rio Gnude.
(iraii'le, being Wcstsiuthwe t otV tluin, the \Jiich sholes be .'iO leagues long.

'i lie fourth uf i)eciinb. r we beganne to set our course Southeast, we being in sixc degrees
and n halfe.

'llip ninth I'av of Dccen\l)er we set I'ur course Eastsoutheast; the fourteenth day of the
>;i\.le 1 1'.jiieth v,e set our course liast, we heinu in line degrees and a halfe, reckoning our
niucs thirl} and si.\c leagues fro.n the toast of Guinea.

The

* I

i.^

A II

I • ',

'/ *'

Cape MriuriiJo.
Thg riuer of
Actio.

VOYAGES, KAUIOATIONS,

M. lohn Lok.

Tlif riucr of

StMO.

Rio Oulct.

Cipr dr Monlf.

Cjpe it Ui
Pilmai.

Thr land of
Cakeado.

SJiaao.

Crokr.

S. Vuictnu lur-
boruw.

The rtufi
Dulct.

i-Afe de Us

'the com of
Guinea.

'I'lif ciat'.e of
Arrj.

ihe ninclernth of the Mid moneth we set our counc East and by North, reckoning our
«elueH m-iicntcenc leagtieit distant from Cape Mcnnirado, the said Cape being EaKtMoriheaat
nf VH, and the riucr of Scuto being Eait.

The one and twentieth day of the raid moneth, we fell with Cape Mensurado to the Soiifh-
east, about two league-* oflT. Thi.t Cape may be easily knowen, by reason ir the rising of ji
is like a Porpo«e-hcad. AUo toward the Southeast there are three trees, whereof the Easier-
nioNi tree is the highest, and the middlemost is like a hie starke, & the Southermost like
vnio a gibet: and vpon the maine are foure or fiuc high hilles rising (me after another like
round hommorkit or hillocks. And the Southeast of the three trees, brandiernwitc: and all
the coast along is white sand. The said Cape standelh within a litle in si\e degrees.

The two and twentieth of December we came to the riurr of Sexto, & remained there vn-
till the nine and twentieth day of the said moneth. Here wc thought it best to send before
vs the pinnesKe to the riuer Dulce, called Rio Duke, that they might haue the beginning;
of the market before the roniming of the lohn Euangelist.

At the riuer of Ses(o wc had a tunne of graines. This riuer standcth in sixe degrees,
lacking a terre. From the riucr of Sesto to Hio Dulce arc line and twcntic leagues Hio
Dulce standrth in line degrees and a halfe. The riuer of Sesto is ea.sie to be knowen, hy
reason there is a ledge of rockea on the Southeast part of the Kode. And at the entring into
the hauen are fiue or sixe trees that beare no leaues. This is a good harborow, but very narow :it
^ entrance into the riuer There is also a locke in the hauens mouth right as you enter. And
all that coast betweene Cape de Monte, and cape de las I'almas, lieth Southeast Sc by K.ist,
Northwest it by West, being three leagues oH" the shore. And you shal haue in some pl.u c-
rocks two leagues off: and that, betweene the riuer of Sesto and cape de las Palmas.

Iktweene the riuer of Sesto and the riuer Dulce aVe fiue and twenlie leagues : & tlie
high land that is betweene them both, is called Cakeado, being eight leagues from the
riuer of Sesto. And to the Soulhea-stwarde of it is a place called Shawgro, and another called
Shvawc or Shauo, where you may get fresh water. Off this Shyawe lieth a ledge of rockes:
and to the .Soiiflieastwar<l lieth a hedland called Ooko. Kelweene Cakeado and Croke arc
nine or ten leagues. To the Southeastward ofl", is a harborow called S. Vincent : Right
ouer against S. Vincent, is a rockc vnder the water, two leagues & a halfe off the shnrc.
To the Soulheastwanl of that rocke sou shal sec an island about three or foure leagues otl':
this island is not past a league off the shore. To the Eastsoiitheast of the island, is a rocke that
lieth aboue the water, and by that rocke goeth in the riuer Dulce, which you shall know by
the said riuer and rocke. The Nr)rthwest side of the hauen is (lat sand, and the Southeast
side therof is like an Island, and a bare plot without any trees, and so is it not in any
other place.

In the Kode you shall ride in thirteene or foureteenc fadonies, goml oaze and satid, bcinj;
the inarkcs of the Kode to bring the Inland and the Northeast land together, and here vr
ankcred tiie last of December.

The third day of laniiarie, wc came from the riuer Dulce.

Note that Cape de las I'almas is a (aire high land, but .some low places thereof by the
wafer side lookc like red clifl'es with while strokes like hie wayes, a cable length a piece, and
this is the Ea.st part of the cape. This cape is the Southermost land in all the coast of
(iuinea, and siandeth in foure degrees and a terce.

The coa.st from Cape de las I'almas to Cape Trcpointes, or de Tres Puntas, is faire &
clearc without rocke or other danger.

Twentie and line leag\ies from Cape de Lis Palmas, the land is higher then in any place,
vntill wc come lo ('ape Trepnintes: .\nd about ten leagues before you come to Cape Trc-
pointes, the land riseth still higher and higher, vntill you come to Cape Trcpointes, Al.so
before you come to the said Cape, after other 5 leagues to the Northwest part of it, there is
cerfainc broken gruiind, with two great rockes, and within them in the bight of a bay, is a
castle called Arra, perteining to the king of Portugall. You shall know it by the said rockes
that lie oil' it : fur there is none such from ('ape de las Palmas to Cape Trepointes. This

ciia>-t

M. lohn Lok.

M. tohn Locke.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUBRIES.

479

'res Puntas is faire &

coiut licth Emit and by North, Wmt and by South. From Cape de lu Palntas to the raid
castle '» foiircHCore and fifteene leagues. And the coait lieth From the said raxtle to the
Wcslcrmost point of Trcpoyntes, Southeast and by South, Northwest and by North. Also
the Westermost point ol Trepoyntes is a low lande, lying halfe n mile out in the sea: and
vpon the innermost necke, to the land-ward, ia a tuft of trees, and there we arriued the
eieuenth day of lanuary.

The 12 day of lanuary we came to a towne called Samma or Samua, being 8 leagues from ThetowM or
Cape Trepointes toward Eastnortheaat. Betwcene Cape Trepointes and the towne of Samua'"""*
is a ureat ledije of rockcs a great way out in the sea. We continued foure daves at that Towne,
and the Captainc thereof would needs Liue a pledge a shore. But when they rccciued theTheDM|^«u
pledge, they kept him still, and would tralTikc no more, but shot off their ordinance nt vs;;','/^™J^'''*
They haue two or three pieces of ordinance and no more.

The sixteenth day of the said month we made reckoning to come to a place called Cape Cipt Cona.
Corea, where captaine Don lohn dwcllcth, whose men entertained vs friendly. This Cape Co-
rca is foure leagues Ea'<lwarde of the castle of Nfina, otherwise railed Li mina, or Castello de ihr caiiieof
mina, where we arriued the 18 day of the moneth. Here we made sale of all our cloth, sauing J^',",' Kmj iTf"'
two or three packes. Puiiujau.

The at) day of the same moneth we weighed anker, and departed from thence to the Tri-
nitie, which was seuen leagues Eastwani of vs, where she solde her wares. Then they of the
Trinitic willed vs to go Eastward of that eight or nine leagues, to sell part of their wares, in
a pl.ice called Perecow, and another place named Pcrecow Grande, being the Eastcrmost place Ptircow.
of both these, which you shal know by a great round hill ncere vnfo it, named Mote Rodon- Mo",rRuIJ'"„'!:
do, lying Westward from it, and by the water side arc many high palme trees. From hence '>"■
did we set forth homeward the thirteenth day of February, & plied vp alongst till we came
within scucii or eight leaguis to Cape Trepointes. About eight of the clocke the 15 day at
afternoone, wee did cast altout to seaward: and beware of the currants, for they will decciiic The curranti.
vou sore. Whosoeuer shnll come from the coast of Mina homeward, let him be sure to make From Mina
his way good West, \ ntill he reckon himselfe as farrc as Cape de las Palmas, where the cur- 1"""""*!-
rant setteth nlwayes to the Eastward. And within twentie leagues Eastward of Cape de las
I'alinas is ariuer called De los Potos, where you may haue fresh water and balast enough, and RiodeioaPMbi.
plenty of iuory or Elephants teeth. This riuer standeth in foure degrees, and almost two ["."^j, |^
tcrces. And when you reckon your selfe as farrc shot as Cape de las Palmas, being in a de- Haimii.
Ijrce, or a degree and a halfe, you may go West, and West by North, vntill you come in
three degrees: ami then you may go Westnorthwesi, and Northwest and by West, vntill you
romc in Hue degrees, and then Northwest. And in sixe degrecti, we met Northerly windes,
:ind great ruffling of tides. And as we could iiidge, the currants went to the Northnorthwest.
Furthermore belweene ('ape de Monte, and Cape Verde, go great currants, which dcceiue cumnts.
many men.

The !i^i day of Aprill, we were in 8 degrees and two terces: and so wc ran to the Northwest,
Inning the windc at Northeast and Eastnortheast, and sometimes at East, vntill wc were at 18
(Icjjreesand a terce, wliirh was on May day. And so from 18 and two tcrces, we had the
windeat East and Eastnorlheast, and sometimes at East-outheast: and then we reckoned the
M.inds of Cape verde F.astsoutheast of vs, we iudging our seines to be 4H Icigucs off. And
in 2(1 and 21 degrees, we had ihewinde more Easterly to the Southward then before. And so
we ran to the Northwest and Northnorthwest, and sometimes North and by M'est and North,
vntill we came into 31 degrees, where we reckoned our sclues a hundred and fourescore
leagues Southwest and by South of the Island de los Flores, and there wee met with the windeTtniie^f
.It S'lnlHsoutheast, and set our course Northeast. "

In 'i.'J decrees we had the winde at the South and Southwest, and then we set our course
Nnrlhnortheast, and so we ran to 4i) degrees, and then we set our course Northeast, the winde
being at the Southwest, and hauing the Isle dc Flores Ea>t of vs, and 17 leagues off.

In the 41 degrees we met with the win<le at Northeast, :ind so wc ran Northwestward, then
wc met with the winde Wcstnorthwcst, and at the West within 6 leagues, running toward the

vol.. II. 3P Northwest,

Flam.

i. ,«

iy — l-md'i^i !

1\}'"1

474

Th> lb af

Vonio.

Whrrf th«)r loit

Ih' lifhtnflhr
Ni^rtli lurn,
llw« ilir ii>ni*
|>.4tit duclh
• int.

VOYAGES, NAUICATIONS,

M. lohn Locke

Tkt CiimiuH.

Titi inwnc of

Ck'lil fotire hun-
drrth wrighL
Ctrainri.
klrfluiiti itrth.

"Vhf hrirfnf an
Iltptulll.

8ir Andrew

UJilr.

The contfm|>li-

tiuni uf Uudi

works.

The dticription
ind jiropcrtiri uf
ib< Elc|>ba>it.

NnrlhwMt, nnd then we cant abmii, nnd Iny Northratt, vnlill wr rame in 4^ degree*, where
■we net our roiimc l'.ai«tnorlhea«t, imlginn; the lie of Conio South and l>y Went of \h, imUiixc
and ihirtir Irngue!* diotani from vn.

A remi-mbranco, that the '21 day of May we communed with lohn Hafc, and he thought it
be»i to fjnc Norlheiwl, and indwell himnelfcKri IcagiiCH KaMward to the Me dc Florcs, and ni
.'<!) dr^rrcM and a hulfr.

Note, that on ihr fourth day of Scptcinher, vnder nine degrees, wr loxt the sight of thp
North iitarrc

Note also, that in 45 drRrecu, the rompawic i<i varied 8 degrcct to the West.

Item, in M) drgrcCH ihr compaHiic did varie I'l degrrcN in the wholr.

Item, in .M) ilcgreen and a h.ilfe, the romjKwe U varied 5 dr>;reeH lo the Wcttt.

Be it alto in memory that two or three daictt before we rame to Cape de .*J puntan, the pin-
nrsne went alonipit the nhore, thinking lo sell nome of our wares, and »o we ramr to nnUi
thrtr or foure league* West and by South of the Cape de 'J punla!<, wlirrc we Jifi ihc Jn.
niiie.

Then our pinnesHC rame aboard with all our men, the pinnesse aNo tooke in more wa^w
They told me morcouer that thev would goc to a plare where the I*rimro»e was, and hail ri-
eeiiied much gold at the first voyage to the'«e parties, and tolde me fnrlhermore that it \\uh .\
){o(mI place: but I fearing a brigantine that was ihenvpon the con>t,(|{d wey and follow ihrm,
and left the Trinitie about foure leagues od'Hom vs, and there we rode against that toxtn,.
foure dayes: so that Marline by his owne desire, and assent of some of the Commissioiu.r,
that were in the pinnesse, went a shoarc to the towne, and there lohn Herin went to tnifiiui,.
from vs, being three miles olF trafiquing at an other towne. The towne is « ailed .Sanun.i ( r
Samua, for Samma and Sammaterra, arc the names of the tw«i llrst townes, where we did
Iraliijue for gold, to the Northeast of Cape de 3 punlas.

Hitherto continueth the course of the voyage, as it was described by thesayde Pilot. Nokq
therefore I will speake somewhat of the countrcy and people, and of such things as are brought
from thence.

They brought from thence at the Ia?<t voiage foure hundred pound wcij;lit and odde of gold.
of two and twentic carrats and one grainc in linenes-e: alsd si\e an<l thirtie Inilsofgraincs \
about two hundred and fil'ty Elephants teeth ufall cpianiities. Of these I saw & measured Mumr
of nine spans in length, as thev were crooked. Some of them were as biggc as a mans thijih
aboue the knee, and weyed about fourrscnrc and ten pound weiglit a peece. They snv ihat
some one hath bin scene of an hundred and (iue iS: twentie |>ound weight. Other there were
which thev call the teeth of caliies, of one »)r two or three yeeres, whereof some were a fiMit
and a hnlle, some two foot, and some '.i cr more, according to 5 age of the beast. TIich-
great teeth or fusl»s grow in the vpper iaw downeward, and not in the neiiier iaw vpward,
wherein the Painters and Arras workers are decciued. At this last v(iyai;e was brought fn m
Guinea the head of an Elephant, ol such huge bij;nes-e, that < ncly the bones or cranc\»
thereof, beside the nether iaw iS.- great lusks, weighed abcut two hundred weight, and was ;is
much as I could well lift from the gri.inid: insomuch that considering also herewith the
weight of two such great teeth, the nether iaw wilh the lesse teeth, the tongue, the great
hanging eares, the biggc & long snout ortroonke, with all the (lesh, bnunes, and skinne,witli
all other parts belonging to the whole head, in my iudgement it could weigh liilc lesse then
fine hundred weight. This head diners haue scene in the house of the worthy inarchant ^i^
Andrew ludde, where also I saw it, and beheld it, not oidy with my bodily eves, but much
more wilh the eyes of my mind and spirit, considering by the worke, the cunning andwist-
domc of the workemaister: without which consideration, the sight of such strange and won-
derfull things may rather secme curiosities, then prcfitable contemplations.

The Elephant (which some <all an Oliphant) is the biggest of all foure footed beasts, his
forelegs are longer then his hinder, he hath ancles in the lower part of his hinder legges, nnd
iiue toes on his feetc vndiuided, his snout or tronke is so long, and in such forme, that it is
tu him in the stead uf a hand : fur he neither eatcth nur drinkcth but by bringing his ironkc

t.)

•^

M. lohn Lockt

M. John Litrkf.

TRAFFIQUEiS, AND DISCOUERIES.

'»7;>

to hi* mouth, therewith he hciprth vp hi* Mmrr m keeper, therewith he mierthrnweth trect.
Benitle hin two f^tcat tuikq, he hath on ^\my side o| ftU mouth foure teeth, wherewith he
eatcth nnd Rrindeth hit meau oithcr ofthpse 'PPth are almoul a npaii in leiiKth, a* they grow
»U)ng ill the iaw, and arc about \ .ui inrhcn in hei|e;hl, and almost aw much in thickneiwe. The
tuikeit of the male are greater then of the frmale: his tongue i^) very litte, and no farre in hJM
mouth, that it cannot be neene: of all bo u(es they are most penile ifnd irartable, Tor by many
wiidry wayeH they arc tauf(ht, and doe vndentinnd : in.'iomuch that they Irarnc to doe due
honor to a kinjj, and arc of quicke (tenoc and Mharpenesae of wit. When the male hath once
leatoned the female, he iieuer after toiirhelh her. The ni»le Elephant liueth two htiiulieiK
yeerc!4, or at the leatt one hundred and tweiitie: the female almost a* lonfr, but the Moure of
their a^c Ik but threescore yeren, ai* some write. They cannot sufler winter or cnld: the)
Idue riuer^, and will often go into tiicm vp to the Mnoul, wherewith they blow and <*nuirc, and
play in the water: but nwiinmc they cannot, for the weij^ht of their bodies. I'linie and Soline
write, that they vkc none adiilterie. If iht-y happen to meete with a man in wildernen-te be-
in« out of the way, gently they wil go before him, & bring him into the plaine way. loyned
in battel, they haiie no ninall re<ipect vnio them that be wounded: for they bring them that
are hurt or weary into the middle of the army to be defended: they are made tame by drink-
ing the iuine of barley. They haue continual warre against Dragons, which dcHire their blood,
because it is very cold: and therfore the Dragon lyinu awaite ax the Elephant pa^MCth by,
windeth hix taile (being of exceeding length) about the hinder legs of the Elephant, 8c mo
Ntaying him, thruslctli his head into his tronke and exhatisteth his breath, or else biteth him in
the eare, wherunto he cannot reach with his tronke, and when the Elephant waxeth faint, he
falleth (lowne on the serpent, being now full of blood, and with the poise of bis body break-
cth him: so that his owne blood with the blood of the Elephant runneth out of him mingled
together, which lieing colde, is congealed into that substance which the Apothecaries call
Sanguis Draconis, (that is) Dragons blomi, otherwise called Cinnabaris, although there be an
other kinde of Ciimabaris, commonly called Cinoper or Vermilion, which the Painters vse in
ccrtainc colour*.

They are also of three kinds, .-is of the Marshes, the plaines, and the mountaines, no Icsse
din'eriiig in conditions. I'hilostratus writelh, that as much as the Elephant of Libya in bigncs
passeih the horse of Nysea, so much doe the Elephants of India exceed them of Libya: for
the Elephants of India, some haue bene scene of the height of nine cubits: the other do so
greatly fcare these, that they dare not abide the sight of them. Of the Indian Elephants onely
the males haue tuskes, but of them of Ethiopia and Libya both kiiides are tusked : they arc
of diuers heights, .is of twelue, thirteene, and fourteene dodrants, cucry dodrant being a
measure of nine inches. Some write that an Elephant is bigger then three wildc Oxen or
Bufl'es, They of India are black, or of J colour of a mouse, but they of Ethiopc or (iuinea
arc browne: the hide or skinne of them all is very hard, and with< ut haire or bristles: their
cares are two dodrants broad, and their eyes very litle. Our men saw one drinkin;; at a riuer
in (iuinea, as they sailed into the land.

Of other properties & conditions of the Elephant, as of their marucilous docilitie, of their
flight and v-e in the warres, of the • generation and chastitie, when the) were first scene in the
Theaters and Iriuinphes of the Itomunes. how they are taken tV tamed, and when tliey cist
ihrir tusks, with the \se of the same in medicine, who so desireth to know, let him readc
I'hnie, in the eight booke of his naturall history. He also writelh in his twelft bouke, that in
olde time they made many goodly workes of iuory or l^lephants teeth: as table-i, trcs.sels,
jinstcs (if houses, railes, latlessi's for windowes, images of their ".vhIs, and diners other things
iifiunry, both coloured and vncoloiircd, and intermixt with sniulry kimies of precious woods,
IS at this day are made ccrtainc chaires, lutes, and virginals. Tiiey had such plenty thereof
Ml olde time, that (as far .is I remember) losephus writelh, that one of the gates of Ilicru-
•lalem was called Porta Eburnea, (that is) the Iuory gate. Tiie whitenesse thereof w.is so
much esteemed, that it was thought to represent the iiatund fairene.sse of mans skinne: iiiso-
iiuicli that such as went about to set foorth (or rather corrupt t naturall beautic with colouix

Dtlijichctwfiiic
the EU|)hant k
the Diifun.

Singuit Dti*

c«nii.
Cimubuii.

Thr« kindi nf
Ele{>hintf.

Woikei of

• l« 1,' '

■i

cil^fi I!'

Ifiuf If

!' I

llf

" f (' i 'jiiF 'f III I

476

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. John Locke.

Afiui.

Libva int(rior«

Ccluli).

NijTitx.
'Jhe riutr Ni-
jtitis or Sfiicga,

A Mraiifc tUinc

PtcpIcofLibyj,

l^rfstrr lohin.

RrgniimOr-
(jucne.

Oamhri,
('Uinea.

Cilv.Vrr.lr.
The l\intipaU
Naui^atiuii tu
llriiilc.

Arfhiopia

■Ihc War.d of

M-IIT.

Til. <i^frnc of
Saba.

I'rrMcr lolm
tmiH-rout ul
Acthiopia.

IVnple wf the
Elitiide of
AfrKa.

and painting, were reproued by this proucrbc, in)iir atramento candcfaccre, that is, To make
iuory white with inkc. The Poets also dcscril)in<; the faire necks of bcautifull virgins, call
them Ebuinea colla, that is, luory uci.ks. And tu liauc said thus much of Elephants and Iiiorv.
it may suflice.

Now therefore I will spcake somewhat of the people and their mancrs, and manor of liiiinfr,
with an other bricfe description of Africa also. It is to be vndcrstood, that the people which
now iniiabile the re;iions of tlie coast of (iuinca, and the midie parts of Africa, as Libya the
inner, and Nubia, with diners other ^reat & lar<;c regions about the same, were in old time
called /Ethiopes and Nigritu", which we now call Moores, Moorens, or Negroes, a people (if
beastly liuinus without a God, lawc, religion, or common wealth, and so scorched and \e\cd
with liie heat of the sunne, that in many places they curse it when it riseth. Of the re.iions
and people about the inner Libya (called Libya interior) (ilemnia I'hrysiiis writelh tiius,

Libya interior is very large and desolate, in the which are many horrible wildernes^rs t>i^-
inountaiiics, replenished with diners kinds of wilde and monstrous beastes and scrjiciits. l"ir-t
from Mauritania or Uarbary ti ward the South is (ietulia, a rough and s;;;!ige region, wiio-i' in-
habitants arc wilde and wandering people. After these folluw the people called Mcl.iiinm-
tuli and Pharusij, which wander in the wildernesse, carrying with them great gourdes of
water. The Ethio|)ians called Nigrilx occupy a great part of Africa, and are extended to tlu-
We<t Ocean. Southward also they reach to the riuer Nigrilis, whose nature agreelh with the
riuerof Nilus, forasmuch as it is increased and diminished at the .same time, and bringcth
forth the like beasts as the Croccxlile. By reasini whereof, I tliinke this to be the same riiu r
which the Portug.ils call Senega: For this riuer is also of the same nature. It is furthernuiri'
marucilons and very strange that is .said of this riuer : .Vnd this is, that on the one >ide iIuto-
of, the inhabitants are of high stature and black, and on the other side, of browne or tawiiic
colour, and low stature, which thing also our men confuine to be true.

There arc also other people of Libya called Ciarainanles, whose women are common : for llicv
contract no matrimonie, neither hane respect to chastitie. .M'ler these are tlic nations of the
people called Pvrei, Salhiodaphnita-, Odrangi, Miniaces, Lynxainata-, noIo|)cs, AgaUj^iii.T,
Lcuci Ethiopes, Xilicci Ethiopes, Calcci Ellii(i|)e.s, and Nubi. These hane the s.i.ne situaiicii
in Ptfdome that thev now giue to the kingdome of Nubia. Here are certaine Christians xmici
the dominion of the great Em|>erour of .liliiiopia, called Prcsier lohn. I'mm these toward
the West is a great nation of people called .\pliriceri)nes, whose region (as farre as ma\ In'
gathered by coniecture) is the same that is now called Hegnum Orguene, conlining vpon ilio
East parts of Guinea. From hence Westward, ami somewhat toward the North, are the kin;;.
doms of (iambra and Buclomel, not farre from the riuer of Senega. .\nd frum hence toward
the inland regions, and along by tlie sea coast, are the regions of (iinoia or (iuinea, wiiiili
we commonly call (iinnee. On the Wcsisidi- ol' ihese regions toward the Ocean, is the rape
or point called C'.ibo verde, or Caput viride, (that is) the grecne cape, to the which the I'lr-
tugals first direct their course when they .saile to .\inerica, {>r the land of Hrasile. Then dt -
parting from hence, thcv tiirne to the right hand toward the (juarter of the winde (allid
Garbino, which is belweene the West and the South. Hut to speake s(lme^.hat more of .Ijliio-
pia: although there are man\ nations of people so named, yet is .\ethioi)ia chiellv diuidcd
into two parts, whenof the one is called .\ethiopia vnder .\egvpt, a great i*t rich region. Tu
this perteineth the Islatid Meroe, imbraced nnnul about with the siremes of the riuer .S'ilii-.
In tl)i.s Island women reigned in old ;imc. loscjihus writeth, that it was sometime r.illcd
Sabea: and that the Queene of Saba came from thence to lerusalem, to heare the wiscdi.m ul'
.Salomon. Fro hence toward the l:.<st reigneth the said Christian Emperor Presier hdm, \.l!iiiii
some cal Papa lohannes, & other sav tliat he is called Pcan luan (that is) great lohn, wluisf
Empire reacheth far beyond Nihis, and is exiendi'd to the coasts of the Red sea & Indian sia
The middle of the region is almost in (J(i. degrees of longitude, and Vi. degrees of lalitiide.
About this region inhabite the peo|)le (ailed Clodi, Hisophagi, Babylonij, Axiunita', Midili,
and .Molibn;. ■Viler these is the region called Troghidytica, whose inhabitants dwcl in cuics
and dctines: for these are their houses, cV tlie flesh of serpents their meat, as writeth PVinie.

.md

(! •'!

r/i

3/. lohn Locke.

1 arc common : lo
arc t!u' nations

pie without

.V. lohn Locke. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEHIES. 477

and Diodonis Siculus. They haue no spcach, but rather a jjrinning and chattering. There
arc also people without heads, called Blemincs, haiiing their eyes and mouth in their breast. P«pi
Likewise Strucophagi, and naked Ganphasantes : Satyrs also, which haue nothing of men but*"'
onely shape. Moreourr Oripei, great hunters. Mennones also, and the region of Smyrno-
phora, which bringcth foorlh myrrhe. After these is the region of Azania, in the which MyrMi.
many Elephants arc found. A great part of the other regions of Africke that are beyond the ^■'""'
Aeqiiinortiall line, are now ascribed to the kingdome of Mclindc, whose inhabitants are ac- Rtjnum Mc
customed to Iraliquc with the nations of Arabia, and their king is ioyncd in friendship with ''"'''■
the king of Portugal, and paycth tribute to I'rcstcr lohn.

The other Ethiope, called /Ethiopia interior (that is) the inner Ethiopc, is not yet knownc A«hiop.i in-
for the greafnessc thereof, but onely by the sea coastes: yet is it described in this mancr,"™''
First from the Aequiiioctiall toward { South, is a gre;it region of Aethiopians, which bringctii
forth white Elephants, Tygcrs, and the bcastcs called Hhinocerotcs. Also a region that bring- white ek-
eth foortli plenty of cynamomc, King bctwcene the branches of Nilus. Also the kingdome''*"""'"
of Habcch or Ilabasia, a region of Christian men, lying both on this side and beyond Nilus. ii'bu.i.
Here are also the Aethiopians, called Iclithiophagi (that is) such as line onely by lish, and ichthi,.iha5i.
were sometimes subdued by the warrcs of great .Mcxandcr. Furthermore the Aethiopians
called Ithapsij, i; .\nthropophagi, j are accustomed to eat mans flesh, inhabite the regions Anihropophisi.
ncere vnto the mountains called Monies Luikc (thai is) the mountaines of the Moone. Ga-MoncsLun.r.
/atia is vndcr the Tropike of ("apricorur. After this followcth the front of Afrike, the Cape ""•""•
of Hucna Spcranza, or Caput BonfP Spci, that is, the Cape of good hope, by the which they c^p. banic Spei.
passe that sailc from Lisbon to Calicut. But by what names the Capes and gulfes are called,
forasmuch as the same are in euery globe and card, it were here supcrlhuuis to rehearse
them.

Some write thnt .Africa was so named by the Cirecians, because it is without colde. For Aftiowitiwut
the Circi'ki' letter Alplia or ,\ signilieth priuation, voyil, or without: and Phricc siouilieth '"
colde. l"or in deed although in the stead of Winter they haue a cloud\ and tempestuous sea-Tiic'imcr of
son, vet is it not colde, but rather smoothering bote, with hole showres of raine also, aiid'^'^'"''
somewhere such scorching windes, that \Nlial by one meanes and other, they secmc at cerlainc
times to line as it were in fornaces, and in miner already lialfe way in I'urgatorie or hell.
Gemma Plirisius writctii, that in certaine parts of .MVica, as in Atlas the greater, the aire in
the night sca.Aon is seciie shining, with many strange (ires and flames rising in mancr as high Fi.imMoffire
as t!ie. Moone: and th.it in the element are sometime heard as it were the sound of i)ipes, ;J",'^_""""" ''"
trumpets aiul »lrummes: which noises may perhaps be caused by the vehement and sundry
motions of such liric exhalations in the aire, as we see the like in many cxjicriences wrought
by fire, aire and wintie. 'fhe hollowncsse also, and diners reflexions and breaking of the
cliHiJesmay be great causes hereof, beside tiic vehement idlde <,!' the middle region of the The middle re.
aire, \sheieby the s,iid (iery exhalations, asicnding tliither, are siuldcnly stricken backe with f,"^"|j| '''"'"
great force : fur cuen <dmn)on and da\ Iv experience tcacheth vs, by the whissing of a burn-
in;; torch, what noise lire m.iketh in t!.e aire, and miiili more where it siriueth when it is in-
closcil with aire, as appearcth in gunncs, ami as the like is scene in onelv aire inclosed, as ■■'"«"'' »''
in Or;;an pipes, and such other instruments that go by winde. For winde (^as sav the I'hilo- wind"'."
sophcrs) is none other then aire vehemently moued, as we see in a j)aire of bcllowes, and
siiili other.

Some of our men of good credit that were in this last voiage to (iuinea, allirme earnestly
th.1t in the night season they felt a sensible heat to come from tiie l)eames of the moone. The heueot.ke
The which thing, ulthnugh it be strange and insensible to vs that inhabite cold regions, vet *""'
ddctii it st.uid with i;>iod reason that it may so lie, forasmuch :is the nature of starres and riie nature of
planets (as writcth Pliiiie') consisteth of lire, ami conteinetli in it a spirit of life, which tan- ''" "•"'"^•
111 t tie without heat.

Anil, that the Moone giueth heafe vpoii the e:uth the Prophet Daiiid secmeth to conlirme
in ills I'il. Psalmc, where speaking of such men as are dei'cnded from euils by Gods pro-
tection,

iiKT

,*:■■>''

i .all

.i,\ ,

iT8

I'lUinz cut ut ihr

Catararts of
hciucn.

V.hcn'.tiit U'.o*
ri.iTis in thr Sea.

A iiungctlii

Tl'*" power (f
tut Lit r-

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

J/. lohn Lot,;

rhfy rue tllcir

Fiiit icwpi>-
Abri^clft.

R,;."

■Mr.

\ iniiikc ^at.

ii'ffion, hec saith thus : Per diem Sol non cxiirot tc, ncc Luna per noctcm. That is tosav,
1m the day tlic Simiic shall not biirne thcc, nor the Moonc by night.

They say furthermore, that in ccrtaine places of the sea they saw certainc strcames of wa-
ter, which till y cull spouts, fallin;; out of theatre into the sea, & that some of these areas
lii<;<;e as the j;reat pillars of Churches : insomuch that sometimes they fall into ship|)cs, ami
put tliem in great d3ns;er of drowning. Some faine that these should be the Catar.icis of
hcaucn, whicli were all opened at Noes floud. But I tliinkc them rather to be such lluxions
and eruptions as Aristotle in his hooke de .Nfundo saith, to chance in the sea. I'or speaking
of such strange things as are scene often times in the sea, he writeth thus. Oltcniimcs ..Ko
ciieti in the sea are scene cuaporations of tire, and such eruptions and brenking foorth <i|'
springs, that the moulhcs of riiicrs are opened. Wliirlcpooles, and fluxions arc r.iusfd (,f
sihh other \clicment mntions, not only in the middcst of the sea, but also in creeks I'ij
s!rcighi-i. At ccrlainc times also, a great quantity of water is suddenly lifted \p and carried
about with the Moone, iVc. By which wordcs of Aristotle it doth a|)peare that such w.iiern
be lifted vp in one place at one lime, and suddenly fill downe in an other place at another
time. .\iid hereunto perhaps perleinclh it that Itiehard Chancellcr told me that he heard Se-
ba-iian Cabot report, that (a* farre as I remember) either about the coasts of Brasile or l!io
(le Piat.i, his shippe or jiinnessc was suddenly lifted from the sea, and cast vj)on land, I wot
not howe farre. The whi( h thing, and such other like wondcrfull atid strange workes of iw-
lure while I consider, and call to remembrance the narrc-wnesse of mans vnderstandiiig and
kiKiwIedge, in comparison of her mightie power, I can but cease to maruell and eonl'es^o
with I'linic, th.it nothing is to her impossible, the least part of whose power is not vet knowen
to men. Manv things more our men saw and considered in this voyage, woorlhv to be nuied,
wheiei'f I h.iuc thought good to put sonic in memory, that the reader niav aswell lake ple.i-
.•■ure in tiic varictv of things, as knowlc'lge of the historic. Among other things lliercfore,
ti'iirhiim <he maneis and nature of the people, this may seeme strange, that their priiue-.
iV: noble men vse to pounce and ra>e their skinnes with pretie knots in diners iornir-i,
:is it were branched daniaske, thinking that to be a decent ornament. .And allxit they goc
ill maner .-,11 naked, yet are inan\ of them, <!<: <'specialy iheir wnmcn. in inaiier Laden
with eoll.irs, liraceitts, lioopes, and chaiiies, either ol' goKI, tii|.pir, or luorv. 1 nu
scife hai.e one cf their brassels of Iiiory, weighing two pound and si\e ounces of Truv
weiuhi, uliieh make eight and thirtie ounces: this one of their women did weare vpoii hcV
arme It is made of one whole pieie id' the biggest part of the tooth, luri.cd and s(miewliat
earned, with a hide in the midst, wherin ihev put their hands to weare il on iheir arme.
Some liaiie on eiiery arme one, and as nuoy on ihi ir leggcs, wherewith some of ihein arc
so galled, that atlhoiigh they arc in maiicr made lame thereby, )ei will they by no meanes
leaue them oil". Some weare also on their legges greal shackles of bright copper, wliieli
llie\ thinke to bee no Icssc comelv. They weare also < ollars, bricelels, garlands, and gir-
dle-, of icii.iiii blew sioncs like beads. Likewise some (d' their women weare on iheir hrire
..rines cerlaiiie forcsleeucs made of the plates ol be;ilcn gidde. On their fingers also iluv
weare rings, m:i(!e ol golden wires, \miIi a knot or wrcalli, like viito th.it which rhildreii
Ml ike ill a rini; of a rush, .\moiig oilier tilings of golde that our men bought of them I'oi-
e\i haiigc ul itieir wares, were ( ertaiiie ilngs.( liaincs und collers.

Tliev are ver) wary piuple in tli«'ir b.irgaiiiiiig, and will not lose one sp.irke of gidde id'
any value. Tliey vsc weights .tiuI me.isiiris, ;iiid are \ery cin niiispei t in oei ii|)\ iiig the
same. They thai shall haiie lodne with ihim, must vse them gontiv ; fur tiiey will not tra-
f'jjiie or bring in any wares if ihev be eiiill sscd. ;\t the lirsl voyage that oiir men had iiiId
these |iartics, it so rhanecd, that at their (!e|>arliire from the first place where thcv did Ini-
fiek, one of iheiii either stole a miiske Cat, or l.i(d\e her awav bv force, iii I mistrusting th.il
In, It sliMiihl liiiie liiii(ler«'d their barg. lining in aiiolher place whither lhe\ inleiided to "oc.
Hut li r all tlie hasle llii-y collide make vsitli full saiics, the fame of their misiisage so prc-
iiented tlieni, ihat the people of tli.il place also, (dl'ciided tl.ercby, would bring in no wares:
iiisdriiiK h til. It till \ were iitfnreed either to restore the Cat, or pay for her at iheir price, be-
fore llie> could tiMli(|UL' there.

Their

M. lohn Lok.

TRAFFIQUES. AND IMSCOUERIES.

479

Their houses arc made of foiire jiosfes or trees, and coiiercd with boughes. Their houKi.

Their common feeding is of roots, & such fishes as they take, whereof they iiaiic great Their f«dinr.
plenty.

There arc also such flying fishes as arc scene in the sea of the West Indies. Our men salt- FiyinsfiAn.
cd of their fishes, hoping to prouidc store thereof: but they would take no salt, and must
ihcrfore be eaten forthwith as some say. Howbeit other adirme, that if they be .salted im-
mediatly after they be taken, they wil last vncorruptcd ten or Iweluc daycs. Hut this is Astranjeihun.
more strange, that part of such (lesh as they caried with them out of Englaml, which putri-
fied there, l)erainc sweetc againc at their returne to the clime of temperate regions.

They vse aUo a strange making of bread, in this maner. They grinde bctwecne two stones Their brtid.
with tiieir handes as much come as they thinke may suHire their family, and when they hauc
tiuis brought it to (loure, they put thereto a certainc quantitic of water, and make thereof
very thinne dough, which they stickc v|)on some post of their houses, where it \» baked by
the heate of the .Sunne : so iliat when the master of the house or any of his family will eate
thereof, they take it downe and eate it.

They haue verv faire wlieale. the care whereof is two handfuls in length, and as bigge as Their »iit.,'.
a great Hulrush, and iilmost liuire inches about where it is biggest. The stemmc or straw
seemetli to be almost as bigge as the litle finger of a mans hand, or litlc lessc. The graines
of tliis wiicate are as i)ig as our pe.ison, nmnd also, and very wliile, and somewhat shining,
like pearlcs that haue lost their cnlmir Almost all the substance of thent turneth into (loure,
& makcih lille bran or none, I tuld in one care two hundred & tiireescore grained. The
eare is iii(l(mc'd in llircc i)lades longer then it scllc, k*t ol' two inches broad a piece. And
by this friiitfubu's the .Sunne secmeth partis to reconipcnce sui h gricfes and molestations asTheSunne.
flicy otherwise rcceiiie bv the ferucnt heate tliercol'. It is doubiicssc a worthy cOtemplalion
to consiiliT the rontrarv etli'ils ol' the smme: or r.illicr the contrary p:issions of such things
as rcceiuc the inlliu-nce of his be.imes, either lo their hurt or benefit. Their drinke is either Their Jrnikc
water, or the iiiise ih.il droppelh from the <ut branches of the barren Date trees, called Pal-
mitos. For cither ihev hang great gourdes at the said branches cuery euening, and let them
so hang :ill night, or else \\w\ set them on the ground vndcr the trees, that the droppes may
fill therein. Thev sav that this kindeof driiikc is in taste much like vnto whev, but some-
what sweeter, and more jiieasant. fhey cut the branches eiicry euening, because thev are
.>eareil \p i:i the <lav bv the heate of the Sunne. They hauc also great beanes as bigge as
ihcsituit'', and very hard, with asiu'll in the stead of a huske

Many iliioijs more might be saide of the nianers of the people, and of the won<lcrs and
monstrcuis tiungs tlcit are cngendred in .\friike. Hut it shall sullicc to haue .saide thus much
I'l' such tilings as our men partly sawe, and partly lirought with them

.\n(l whereas before speaking of the fruit of graines, I descriheil the same to haue holes Gui:if..
by the side (,as in dcede it hath, as it is bronuht liither) \ct was I afterward ent'oin'nied, that
tliDse holes were made to put stringcs or twiggcs through the fruite, thereby lo hang them
vp to dry at the Sunne. They grow not past a I'oote and a halfe, or two foole from the grouiul,
and are as red as blood when they are gathered. The graines themselucs are called of the
I'hisiiions (Jrana I'aradisi.

.At their coinming home the keeles of their shippcs were marueilouslv onrrgrowno with •'*'".'"'''''■'=»'"
(crtaine shelles of two inches length and more, as thicke as they could stand, and of such ' '^''
higne.sse that a man might put his thumbe in the mouthes of them. Thev certainely aflirme
that in these there growcih a certaine slimie substance, which at the Iciiglh slipping out of
the shell and falling in the sea, becommelh those I'oules which we call IJarnacIes. The like BamaJe..
shelles haue bene scene in ships returning fro Iseland, but these shcls were not past halfe an
inch in length Of the other that came from Guinea, I s.iwe the Primerose lying in the »
(liicke, and in maner coucred with the sai<l sIkIs, which in mv iudgenient should greatlv hin-
der her sayling. Their ships were also in many places eaten with the wormes calleil HVoni.is i''Mm.
(T His.sa.s, whereof mention is made in (lie Decades. These creepe betweene the plankis,
which they eate through in many places.

.Among

)('*''n

,^.\y '

#11

t ■«■

- jr_J«- -

' ill *'

^ )

i^ , h flf

480

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Wil Towrson.

.\uetti. Amoiio; other thing«« that chanced to them in this voyage, this la worthy to be noted, that

wheras they sailed thither in seuen weckeg, they could returnc in no lesse space then twentic

wcekes. The cause whereof they say to be this : That about the coast of Cabo Verde the

winde is euer a( the East, by reason whereof they were enforced to saile farre out of their

• oursc into the maine Ocean, to finde the winde at the West to bring them home. There

riwdettjiofour died of our men at this last voyage about twentie and foure, whereof many died at their rc-

'"'"■ turne into the clime of the colde rc<jions, as betwecne the Islands of Azores and England.

Fmc hiickf Thev brought with them cerfaine biarkc slaiies, whereof some were tall and strong men, and

.'^rEngUnd^'" could wcl agree with our mcafcs and driiikes. The colde and moyst aire doth somewhat of-

coidemaybe fgnd them. Yet doubtlfssc men that are borne in hot Regions may better abide colde, then

■ hcnliMK.'" men that are borne in colde Regions may abide heate, forasmuch as vehement heafe resoiueih

the radicall movsture of mens bodies, as colde constraineth and prcseructh the same.

This is also le be considered as a secret worke of nature, that throughout all Afiicke, vndcr
the iTiquinortial line, and noerc about the same on both sides, the regions are extrccme hole,
and (lie people very biacke. Whereas contrarily such regions of the West Indies as are \n-
der the same line are very temper.ite, and the people neither biacke, nor with curlde and
short wooll on their heads, as they of Africke haue, but of the colour of an Oliuc, with lonj;
;ind biacke licare on their heads : the cause of which variety is declared in diuers places iit
ihc Decades.

It is also wortliv to be noted that some of tliem that were at this voyage told me: That is
that tlicy ouerlookc the course of the .Suniie, so that they had it North from ihcm at iiooiic,
the li. (lav of March. And to haue said thus much oT these voyages, it may suflice.

The first vovagc made b\ Master William Towrson Marc liant of London, to the
coast of Ciuiuca, with two Ships, in the yecrc \l>bj.

stpifmbtr. VPon Mundav the thirtieth dav of September wee departed from the Isle of Wight, oui r.(

the hauen of Xeuport with two good shippe<, the one called the Hart, the other the lliniic,
both of London, and the Masters of them were lohn Ralph, and William Tarter, for a vovas^c
to bee made vnto the Riuer dc Scstos in CJuinca, and to other haucns thertahnut.

It fell out bv the vnrictie of wiiidcs, that it was the foiireiccnth day of October before wrc
couidc fetch Dartmouth : and being there arriued wee continued in that roadc sixe d:ivr«,
'and the 20. of Octoi>er we warpt out of the hauen, and set saile, directing our course toward-i
. the Southwest, and the next mcrning we were runne by estimation thirty leagues.

The lirst of Noucmber we found our seines to be in 31. degreeu of latitude by the reckon-
ing of our Master. This day we rannc about 40. leagues also.

The second day we ranne .'<(>. leagues. .

The third day we had sight of Porto Santo, which is a small Island lying in the sea, about
three leagues long, and a league & a halfe broad, & is possessed by I'ortugals. It riseih .is
we came from the Northnorthwest like two sfnall hilles nccre together. The Kasi end ol the
siune Island is a high land like a saddle with a \allev, which makes it to boare that forme. The
West eiide of it is lower with cerlaine small roimd hillocks This Island lieth in thirty and
.\i.ijrri. three degrees. The same day at 1 1, oflhi- clocke we raysed the Isle of .Madera, which lieth

12. leagues from I'orto Sanio, towards the .Scuthwest : that Island is a faire Island and rruiiltill,
and is inhabited by l'(irtug:il>, it riscth afarre oil" like a great whole land and high. My three
of the dockc this day at after noime we were thwart of I'orto Santo, and we set cur course
Southwest, to leaue the Isle of Madera to the KaslwanI, as we did I'orto Santo. These two
Islands were the (irst land that we saw since wee left the coast of England. About three ol'
the cl()( kc after midnight wee were thwart of Madera, within three leagues of the \\'cst ende
III' it, and by uieancs of the high hilles there, we were becalmed : We sup[H)sc we raiinc this
dav and night .'{0. leagues.

i'he fourth day wee lay l)ecalmed vnder the Isle of M.idera, vntill one of the clocke at nl-
lernoone, and then, the winde commiiig into the Ea.si, wee went our course, and ranne tiiat
dav fiftecne leagues.

The

October.

Noucmbfr.

l*orto Sjuco.

M. WU' Tovirson.

to be noted, that
space then twentlc
if Cabo Verde tlic
! farre out of their
lem home. There
ny died at their rc-
eores and England.
id strong men, and
• doth somewhat of-
•T abide colde, then
ipnt hcate resohielh
th the same,
lit all Afriike, vndcr
I arc exirecme hcitc,
est Indies as arc \n-
lor with niride and
an Oliuc, with Ion;;
1 in diners places in

lire told me : That i>,
from them at nooiic,
may siifl'icc.

London, to the

Isle of Wight, oni ' I

the other the Hindc,

I Carter, for a voyauc

hcrcaljnut.

f October before wee

lat roadc sixe dwyr-^,

ig our course tov\aril<

tv leagues.

titudc by the reckon-

ing in the sea, about
ortngaU. It riseih .t*

The Kast end ol the
boare that forme. The
nd licth in thirty and
f .Madera, which lictli
re Island and fruiiliill,

and hi;;h. By lline
nd wc srt ciir course
to Santo. These two
and. About three ol
ijues of the West ende
iippose we rannc this

10 of the clockc at al'-
;oiirsc, and ranne tl>at

The

M. Wil. Towrson. 1.

XnAFl-IQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

481

The r>. day we ranne 15. leagues more.

The (). dav in the morning we ravjcd the Isle of Tencrif, otherwi.se called the Pike, because Tewti/.
it is a very high Island, with a jiike vpon the top like a loafe of suger. The same night we niis-
cd the Isle of Palma, which is a high land also, and to the Westward of the Isle of Tenerif. •*»'""•

The 7. day wc pcrceiued the Isle of Gomera, which is an Island standing betwixt Tenerif Oumcrj.
anil I'alina, about \2. Icauiues Flastwanl from Palma, and 8. leagues Westward from Tencrif:
and for fcare of being becalmed with the Isle of Tenerif, we left both it, and Gomera to the
Eastward of vs, and went betwixt Palma and Gomera. We ranne this day and night liO.
lejgiies.

Note that these Islands be 60. leagues from Madera, and that there arc .'{. Islands more to
the Westward of Tenerif, named the (irand Canaria, Forte-ventura, & L:niccrot, of whicli
Islands we came not in sight ; they be inhabited by .Spaniards.

This dav also we had sight of the Isle of Ferro, which is to the Southwards 13. leagues Ferro.
from the other Islands, and is |)osscs.sed by Spaniards. All this day and night by reason of
the winde \\e could not double the point of the Isle of Ferro, except we would haue gone to
the WcMtvvard of it, which had bene much out of our course : therefore we kept about, and
ranne backe line houres Fastnoriheasi to the ende we might double it vpon the next boord, the
winde continuing Southeast, which hath not bene often scene vpon that coast by any traueil-
ers: for the winde continueth there for the most part Northeast, & Fast Northeast: sn vpon
the other boord b) the next morning we were in a mancr with the Island, and had roouie
viioU!;h to double the same.

The H. day wc kept our course as neerc the winde as wee could, because that our due
course to feti li the const of Barbarv was Southeast and by East, but by the scant windu wee
could not '^oe our due course, but went as neerc it as wc could, and ranne this day and night
'2.>. leagues.

The l>. dav we ranne HO. leagues, the 10 '2."i. leagues, the I'i. 'ii.

The l'2. day we sawe a saile vndcr our I,ce, wliich was .as wc thought a fisherman, so that
wee went roome to hauc spoken with him, but witiiin one houre there fell such a foggc, that
nee could not sec the shippc nor one of vs the other : wc shot ofT'diuers pieces to the Ilinde,
but -lu" heard them not : at artenioonc she shot olfa piece which wee heard, and made her
aiiswere with another; and within one halfe houre cifter the fogge brake vp, aiul we were jL
witiiin 4 leagues of the shoare vpon the coast of Harbary, and wee sounded and had J4. fadom •■'.,■.
water. The Harke al«o came roomc with \s and there ankereil bv reason of the contrary
winde When wc fell with the laiul, we could not iudge iustiv what part of the land it was,
hciause the nio^t part of that co.ist is lowe land, and no ])art to be iuilgcd of it but the fore
part of the shoare, which is white like chalkc or sand, and vers deepc vnto the hard shoare :
there immediatly we be;;an to lish, and found great store of a kindc offish which the Portu-
j;als conmionly li>h for vpon that coast, whii h they c.d Pergosses, the Frenchmen call them
S.iiler*, and our men salt-water bre:unes Before the clearing vp of the fogge, the shijipe
whii h we followed shaped vs sucli a course that we could sec her no more, by reason of oiir
shooting o(I' to (inde the liirule ag.iine. Tiiis part of the coast of Barbary, by our Pilots reck-
oning;, is about 1(». leagues to ihe Eastwards of the riuer del Oro. RincrdciOi»

'I'he \'.i. (lay in the afternoonc wee sp\ed asailc comniing towards \s, which wee iudged
to !e (le s liU- ih:it wee sawe the dav before, and a^ soone as wc spied him, wee caused the
Ilinde to way her am re and to ;;oe ti'wardes him, ami manned out our Skilfc in like case to lay
hiai ,iboonle, or to discerne what hec was, and wee our sekies within halfe an houre alter
\:ue(l .li-o : but alter the saile had espied \s, hce kept about, and turned backe againe, and
sli'Ttlv .if'ter there fell such anotiuT fogije, tliat wee conlde not sec him : which fogges continu-
ed all thai niglit, so that wee were constrained to leaue the chase, fhis afternoonc the winde
r:imc about, and wee went our course Southwest and b) West, to goe clcare oil" the coast, wee
raiiiu- that niuht sixteene leagiu's.

The fiiireteentli dav in the m<irning was very fo^gie : but about twcluc a elocke weeespi-

e;l a Caruell of (}(). tinine whii h was fishing, and wc sent cm Skillir to hin>. with (iue men,

VOL, II. 'J Q, and

'1 '

« ■ I'- J

482

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. U'il. Towrson. I.

lM-J1 )^ 1 iVji

•i'/f

'' ^' ' f

Kit;/!'

rutsl

and all without any weapon sailing their Oares. The Caruell for haste let slippe her ancrc,
and set saile ; and they seeing that, fearing that they should not Tetch her, would tarry for hd
A CtnicUtikcD. weapons, and in the ende ouertooke the Caruell, and made her to strike saile, and brought
her away, although they had foureteenc or fifteenc men aboord, & euery man his weapon,
but they had not the hearts to resist our men. After they were come to vs. they let fall their
ancre, for wee had cast ancre because the wiudc was not good : I caused then the Skifl'e to
come for mee, and I went aboorde of them to see that no harme should bee done to them,
nor to take any thing but that which they might spare v* for our money. So wee tooke of
them 3. Tapncts offigges, two small pots of oylc, two pipes of water, foure hogsheads dI"
saltfish which they had taken vpon the coast, :uul ccrtainc fresh tish which they did not is-
teeme, because there is such store vpon that coast, that in an hourc and sometime les<ic, a
'■rtit iiorrof man may take as much fish as will seruc twentie men a day. For these things, and for some
o.i'ofBatbi wine which wee drankc aboorde of them, and three or fnure great Cannes which tlu-y
-sent aboord of our shippes, I payed thcin iweniic and seiicn I'i-toles, which was twi-io a«
much as they willingly would haue taken : and so let them goe to ihcir ancre and cable whidi
tlicv had let slippe, and got it againe by our helpc. After this wee set saile, but the windi'
caused vs to ancre againe about twelue leagues oil' the riuer del Oro, as the I'orlugais inlJc
vs. There were fine Caruels more in this place, but when they sawe vs, they made all awav
for feare of vs.

The 15. day we ridde still because of the wiiule.

The 16. day we set saile and ranne our course 40. leagues. This day, by the reckoning (.1
ThfTropikeof our Pilots, we were right vnder the Tropike of Cancer. The 17. day we ranne 'i.J. league-
Mj'a'hiJft!^' within sight for the most part of the coast of Harbarv.

The 18. day wee ranne thiriie leagues, and at twelue of the clocke by the reckoning of ( nr
Pilots we were thwart of Cape Blanke.

The 22. day our Pilots reckoned vs to be thwart Cape Verde.

The 12. day of December we had sight of land of Guinea, which as soone as we saw we
hailed info the land Northeast, and about 12. of the clocke at night V'c were uccre thesluun
within lesse then 2. leagues: and tlicn we kept about and sounded, and found 18. laJini
water. Afterwanls we saw a light towards the slioare, which we ihougiit to haue bene a >hi|i,
and thereby iudged it to be the riucr de Sesios, wliiili light as sooiu' as we espied, we taiiic
to an anker <!<: armed our lops, and made all things rcac'.y In light, because we doubted ili.it
it might be some Portugal or Fiench man : this night we remained at an anker, but in ilic
morning we saw no man, only we espied 4. nukes about ?. Mnglish miles from vs, one j;riat
rocke, and the .'{. other snial ones, which when we sawe, >\e supposed thai the light (amc
from the shore, and so waved and set saile liast Soulheast along the slioare, becaiiNO ihr
Nf.aster did not well kiu)w the place, but thou;;ht that we were not so farre io the East a-i ilic
riuer de Sestos.

This land all a long is a low land, and full of very high trees all along the shoare, so tli.ii
it is not possible to know the place that a man doth fall wilhall, except it be bs the l.iiitiidt':
In these 24. houres 1 thinke we ran l(». leagues, lor all the night we had a great gale :i> vc
were vnder saile, and had withall store of thunder and lightnings.

The Mi. day for the most part we ran Kast Soulheast all along the shoare. within two Ira^iirs
alwayes of the same, and found the land all as at the first, ful of woods and great roi ks lianl
aboord the shoare, and the billow beating so sore, that the seas brake vpon the shoare as while
as snow, and the water mounted so hii;h that a man might easily disccrne it 4. lea;;ucs nl)', in
such wise that no boate could land there. Thus we nui \ ntil 12. of the clocke, and then
they tooke the Sunne and after iudged themselues tn be "*!■. leagues past the riuer de Sf^ll>^
to the Eastwards, by reason whereof we hailed into the shoare within two English miles, ami
there ancred and found fifteene fadom water, and all oH'from the shoare the sea so sninoih,
that we might wel haue rid by an Hawser. All thai after-iu)onc we trimmed our l-<i,,(e ami
made her a saile, to the ends that she might go along by (he shoore to sceke some ;)la( c
to water in ; for wee could not goe backc againe to the riuer <:■< '..-stos, because the wi.ulc

blowcs

Caiv Blankt.

Capt Vfidr.

The com of
Uuinra.

uiLiL. V.\i 'i • I' i

M. Wil, Towrson. I.

let slippe her ancrc,
fr, would tarry for no
ke saile, and brouglu
lery man his weapon,

vs, they let fall their
icd then the Skifle to
iild bee done to ihcin,
ey. So wee tookc of
ir, foure ho};8hcaii< dI'

hiih they did not e»-
and sometime lesso, a
e things, and for some
It Cannes which ilirv
s, whirh was tw'ue a-

ancrc and cable which
ct sailc, hut the wiiuii'

as the I'orliigals tuidc
vs, they made all aw.u

;\\ , bv the reckoiiiiij; (i
; we ranne 'ir». Ira^^m^

)v the reckoning of ( ur

as soonc as we saw \m'
■c wiTC neerc the slunin
and found 18. f;i>li'm
^iit to banc bene a ^Inp,
• as we espied, we lainc
eiause we doubleil ih.ii

at an anker, but in tlic
miles from vs, one ;;r(at
iscil lluil the li^ht i.inn'
the shoare, betan^c ilir
I) fane ui the l/.i>t a-* llic

ilonn till' shoare, sile a> ve

hoare. \\ilhin two lcai;iics
(ids and };reaf ro( k^ lianl
vpon the shoare as while
erne it 4. Iea;;ue> olV, in
of the cUxke, ami thou
< past the riuerde Sc>Iik
I two English miles, :iml
shoare the sea so snionih,
; trimmed our _">.i»e ami
ore to seeke some ;)iaic
■stos, because the wkhIc
blowes

.V. Wil. Towrson, 1.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

483

blowes alwaye!) conlrary, and the Cnrrant runneth alwaycs to the Eastwards, which was also The Cumnt
against vs. «||j^« ^'"•

The 14. day we set saile & went back againe along the coast, and sent our boats hard
aboord the shoare to seeke a watering place, which they found about 12. of the clock, and
we being farre info the sea, met with diners boats of the Countrey, small, long and nar-
row, & in eiiery boate one man and no more : we gaue them bread which they did cat, &
were very glad of if. About 4 of the clocke our boats came to vs with fresh water: and this
night we ankered against a Riucr.

The 1,5. day we wayed and set saile to goe neere the shoare, and with our leade wee sounded
all the way, and found sometimes rockes, and sometimes faire ground, and at the shallowest
found 7. fadoins alwayes at the least. So in line we found 7. fadom and a halfe within an
English mile ol the >.hnare, and there we ankered in a inaner before the mouth of the Riuer,
and then wee sent our boats into the Hiuer for water, which went about a mile within the
Riuer, where they had very good wafer. This Riuer licth by estimation 8. leagues beyond RiuerS.vin.
the Riuer de Sestos, and is' tailed in the C'arde Riuer S. Vincent, but it is so hard to finde, ""'
that a boat being within halfe a mile of it shall not be able to discernc that it is a Riuer: by
reason that directly before the mouth of it there lyclh a ledge of rockes, which is much broader
then the Riucr, so that a boate must runne in along the shoare a good way betwixt the
rockes and the shoare before it come to the mouth of the Riucr, and being within it, 't is
a great Riuer and diners other Riuers fall into it : The going into it is somewhat ill, because
that at the entring the seas do goe somewhat high, but being once within it, it is as calmc as
the Thames.

There are iicerc to the Sea vpon this Riuer diners inhabitant.s, which are mighty bigge Cioih midfof
men and go al naked except some thing before their priuie parts, which is like a clout about ,"Jl!j^"^' °'
a quarter of a yard long made of the barke of trees, and yet it is like a cloth: for the burke
is of that nature, that it will spin small after the maner of linnen. Some of them also weare
the like xpon their he.i<les being painted with diners colours, but the most part of them go
hare headed, and their heads are clipped and shorne of diucrs sorts, and the most j)art of
them haue their skin of their bodies raced with diuers workes, in maner of a leather lerkin. ThtNt?r«t
The men and women goe so alike, that one cannot know a man from a woman but by their "fi""
breastes, which in the most part be very foule and long, hanging downe low like the vdder '"°'''
of a goate.

The same morning we went into the Riuet with our Skiflfe, and caried certaine basons, ma-
nels, (S.:c. And there we fooke that day one hogs-head and 100. li. waight of Graines, and Oraineiof
two i;iephants teeth at a reasonable good reckoning. Wee solde thenj both basons, and Ei«'|.Tinu
Manellios, and Margarifs, but they desired most to haue basons : For the mast part of our <««''>•
ha>ons wee had by estimation about Hi), li. for a piece, and for an Elephants tooth of 30. li.
w.iigiit, we gaue theiu 6.

The Iti. (lay in the morning we went into the riuer with our Skilfe, and tookc some of
curry sort of our niarchandize with vs, and shewed it to the Negroes, but thev esteemed it
nnt, but made light of it, and aI.<o of the basons, Manellios and .Margarits, which yesterday
»hey ilid bu\ : howbcit for the basons they would haue giuen vs some graines, but to no
purpose, so thai this day wee tooke not by estimation aboue one hundreth pound waight of
(Jraines, by mcanes of their Caplaine, who would suficrnoman to sell any thing but through
his hands, and at his price : he was so subtile, that for a ba.son hee would not giue 15. pound
wai);ht of (Jraines, and sometimes wcnid otl'cr vs small dishfuls, whereas before wee had bas-
kets full, anil when he saw that wee would not fake them in contentment, the Captaine dc-
jiarlcd, and caused all the rest of the boafes to depart, thinking belike that wee would haue
followed them, and haue j;iuen them their owne .iskings. fiut after that wee pcrceiued their
fetch, wee wayed (iir (irapnel and went away, and then wee went on land into a small Townc
to see the fashions of the Countrev, and there came a threescore of them about vs, and at
the first thev were al'n.id of vs, but in the eiide perceiuing that wee did no hurt, they would
tonic to \s and t:\ke vs by the hand and be familiar with vs, and then we went into their

.'< Q 2 Townes,

;C^

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Wil. Towrton. 1.

Tlw dtKrIp-
lionuf ihefr
'I'ownci «D<I
houirf.

PI, i '^'^'i.^lii

Diago the

Long wotntai
t«rcaiti.

Towncs, which were like to twcntie small hoiiclH, all coucred oucr with great leauc<*and bag-
gage, and all the sides open, and a scafTolde vndcr the house about a yard high, where they
worke many pretic things of the barkcs of trees and there they lye also. In some of their
houses they worke yron and make fairc dartes, and diuers other things to worke their bo:»tc»,
and other things withall, and the women worke as well as the men. Hut when wcc were
there diuers of the women to shew vs pleasure danced and sung after their maner, full ill to
our cares. Their song was thus :

Sakerc, sakere, ho, ho. Sakcre, sakerc, hn, ho.
And with these words they Icape and dance and clap their hands. Beastes wc could sep
none that they had, but two goatcs small dogges, and small hcnnes : other bcasics we saw
none. After that we had well marked all things wc departed and went aboord our ships :
which thing the Captainc of the other towne perceiuing, sent two of his seruants in a Ikkh
with a basket of Graincs, and made vs signes that if when \\c had slept wee would ri.me
againe into their riuer, wee should haue store of Graincs, and so shewed vs his Grained and
departed.

The 17. day in the morning because we thought that the Negroes would haue done somo-
thing because the Captaine sent for vs, I required the .Master to i;iie on shoare, and sent tin-
rest of our Marchants with him, and laried aboord mv selfc by reason that the last da\ lie
esteemed our things so litle : so when the Master and the rest < amc into the liuer, the c ,ip.
tainc with diuers others eamc to them, and brought Graines with them, ^: alter that he >:iw
that 1 was not there, he made signes to know where I was, and they made signes to iiini
againe that I was in the ships : and then hee made signes to know who was Captaine b) the
name of Diago, for so they call their Captaine, & they pointed to the master of the ship:
then he began to shew his Graines, but he held them so vnreasonably, that there was no prdii
to be made of them : which things the Master jierceiuing, and seeing that they had nosiiiri-
of Graines, came away, and tookc not abouc M. pound waight of (iraincs. Then he weni
a .shoare to the litle Towne where wc were the day before, & one of tiicm plucked a Gounl,
wherewith the Negroes were ollended, &: came many of them to our men with their liaris
and great targets, and made signes to them to depart : which our men did, hauing hut
one bow and two or three swords, and went aboord the boatc and came away from iheni
and assoone a» they were come aboonl wc wayed and set saile, but the windc was oil' ih:
Sea, so that we could not get out cleare of certainc rocks, and therefore wc came to an
ancre againe.

This riuer is called Riuer S. Vincent, standing in 4. degrees and a halfe, and it thhcih
there euery 12. houres, but not much water when it ebbeth the most : while
wee were there, it ebbed one fadome and a halfe water.

This countrcy as farre as we could perceiue is altogether woody, and al strange trees, where-
of wee knewe none, and thev were of many sorts, with great leaucs like great dockes, which
bee higher then any man is able to reach the top of them.

There are certaine pcason by the Sea side, which grow vpon great and very long stalkcs,
one of the stalkcs I measured' and found it 27. paces long, and they grow vpon the sand
like to trees, and that so neerc the Sea, that sometimes the Sea flowcth into the woods as we
might perceiue by the water markes.

The trees and all things in this place grow continually greene. Diuers of ihe women iiaiie
such exceeding long breasts, that some of them wil lay the same vpon the ground anil lie
downe by them, but all the women haue not such breasts.

At this place all the day the winde bloweth off the Sea, and all the night oflTthe land, hut
wee found it to dilTer sometimes, which our Master marueilcd at.

This night at 9. of the clockc the windc came vp at the Mast, which ordinarily about that
time was wont to come out of the North Northwest ofTthc shoare : yet we waved and hailed
oflT South with that windc all night into the Sea, but the next morning wc hailed in againe ic
the lande, and tooke in 6. Tunncs of water for our ship, and I thinke the llinde tooke in
as much.

I could

;,:r;.";^ and flowcth

«tid A hatCr.
I.eaueiof n-

crfding length.

I.onp rose

!:i.

'. IVil. To-wrson. I.

rcat leauc!) and bag-
■d high, where they
>. In some of their
workc their bo:\ics.
But when wee were
cir inancr. full ill t<i

Beastcs wc could sec
(ihcr beaslcs wc saw
t aboord our >K\yi^ :
lis scruants in a boat
;pt wee would ciiuu'
ed vs his Graiiiei and

:nild hauc done soino-
I .-hoarc, and sent tin-
n that the last das hv
ito the riuer, the (i])-
1, ^ alter that hi- -iiw
■ made signes to lilm
) was Captaine b\ the
c master of the >lii|i :
n\ there was no pnlii
that the) had nosiorc
raines. Then he weui
ihem plucked a (Joiinl,
• men with their dari-i

nuMi did, hauinu hut
■ame away from them

the windc was oil li .■
lercforc wc came to an

a halfe, and it thluih
)bcih the most : while

al strange trees, where-
like great dockcs, which

and very long stalkcs.
lev grow vpon the >3nil
th into the woods as we

iucrs of the women haiic
,pon the ground and lie

night ofl'the land, hut

lich ordinarily about that
yet we waved and hslUil
ng wc hailed in agaiiic to
inke the Uinde tookc in

I could

M. Wil. Towraon. I.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

485

*). ».|

Tht tanfuiec
•bout the Riutr
sf S, Vincent.

I could not perccitie that here was any gold, or any other good thing : for the people be
to wildc and idle, that they giuo thcmsefuei) to Nceke out nothing : if they would take painea
they might gather great store uf graines, but in this place 1 could not pcrceiue two Tunne.

There arc many foules in the Countrey, but the people wil not take the paines to take
ihcm.
I obserucd some of their words of spcach, which I thought good here to set downe.
Bczow, bczow, " fls their salutation.
Manegele afoye, (Jraincs ynough.

C-'rocow afoye, Henncs ynough.

Zerammc afoye, Haue you ynough ?

Begge saeke, Giuc me a knife.

Begge come, > ^ Giuc me bread.

Borkc, Holdc your peace.

Coutrecke, Ye lye.

Veede, Put foorth, or cmptie.

Brekeke, Rowc.

Diago, J LThcir Captaine, and some call him Dabo. These

and other wordes they spcakc very thicke, and oftentimes recite one word three times toge-
ther, and at the last time lt)nger then at the two first.

The 18. day towards night, as we were sailing along the co.nst, wc met with certaine boats
in the sea, & the men shewed vs that there was a riuer thwart of vs, where there were
Graines to be sold, but we thought it not good to tary there, least the other ships should get
before vs. This riuer hath lying before it three great rockes, and .'j. small rocks, one great
tree, and u liile tree right by the riuer, which in height exceeded all the rest : we hailed
this night along the coast 10. leagues.

The ly. day as wc coasted the shoare, about twelue of the clocke there came out to vs 3.
boatcs to tell vs that they had graines, & brought some with them for a shew, but we could
nnt tary there. We proceeded along the coast, & ancred by the shore all the night, and ran
this day 10. leagues.

The tJO. day the Hindc hailing aiikered by vs amongst rockes, and foule ground, lost a
small anker. At noone, as we pa.ssed along the coxsi, there came forth a Negro to vs, mak-
ing signcs, that if wc would goe a shoare, wee should haue Graines, and where wee ankered
at night, there came another tn vs, and brought Graines, and shewed vs them, and made
si);nes that wee should tary, and made a fire vpon the land in .he night, meaning thereby to
tell vs where wc should land, and so they did in diuers other places vpon the coast, where
ihcy saw vs to anker.

In al the places where we haue ancred, since we came from our watring place, wc haue The tides and
found the tide alwayes running to the Westwards, and all along the coast many rockes hard ,hoate.
aboord the shoare, and many of them a league off the shoare or more, wc ran this day 12.
leagues.

The 21. day, although we ranne all day with a good gale of winde, yet the tides came so
sore out of the coast, that wc were not able to runne aboue sixc leagues : and this day there
came some Negroes to vs, as there had done other times.

The 22. wee ranne all day and night to double a point, called D.is palmas, and ranne six- The point of
tccne leagues. •'•''""•

The 23. day about 3. of the clocke we were thwart of the point, & before wc came to
the Westcrmost part of it, we saw a great ledge of rocks, which lie West from the Cape
about 3. leagues and a league or more i'rO the land. Shortly after wc had sight of the Eas-
lermost part of the Cape, which licth 4. leagues from the Westermost part, and vpon the
very corner thereof lie two grcene places, as it were clo.ses, and to the Westwards of the
Cape the land parted from the Cape, as it were a Bay, whereby it may well be knowcn.
Foure leagues more beyonde that there licth a he.id-land in the sea, ond about two leagues
beyond the head-land there gocth in a great Bay, as it were a riuer, before which place we

ankered

\i>. ,;• in 1

486

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. WU. TowTion. I.

I lit r M "

'Hit iidtt run.
iiin| E^icwtrd.

A Townf .

nnkrrei) all that nij;ht, which wee did, leant in the night, wee should oueminne a riuer, where
• Thiiwiiihc the* last yeere they had all their Elephants teeth.

ycrtijj«. jijjg (^jipj oa^ ualmaH lieth vnder fourc depreefi and a halfo, and betwixt the naid Cape,

and the riuer de SeMm is the sreatent store of Graines to be had, and being pant the md
Ca|)e, there in no great otore eke where.

Where we ankered thi» night, we found that the tide, which before ran alwayeit to the
Westward, from thin Cape runneth all to the Eastward: thixday we ranne Nome Id, leaguoii.

The 24. day running our course, about eight of the clock there came forth to vh certaine
boats, which brought with ihcm small egges, which were soft without shcis, and they made
vs signes, that there was within the land fresh water, tind Goatcs: and the Master ihinkiiv
that it was the riuer which we sought, cast ancker and sent the boate on Nhcaro, with one
that knew the riuer, and comming neere ihe shoare, hee pcrceiued that if was not the rinor,
and so came backe againe, and went along the shoare, with their oares and s.iilc, and wre
wevcd and ranne along the shoare also: and being thirteene leagues beyond the Cape, the
.Master pcrceiued a place which he iudged to be the riuer, when wee were in decdo twn
miles shot past it : yet the boate came from the shuare, and they that were in her saidc, that
there was no riuer: notwithstanding wee came to an ancker, and the .Master and I tookc line
men with \s in the boat, and when hee came neere the shoare, hee pcrceiued that it was the
name riuer which hee did sccke : so we rowed in, and found the eniiance \er) ill, by rcj-
son that the sea goeth so high : and being entred, diners boates cuni' to vs, and shewed \s
that thev had Elephants teetli, and they brought vs one of about eigh' poi.nd, & a little om-
of u pound, which we bought : then they brought certaine teeth vo th''? riuer side, niakiiij;
signes, that if the next day we would come againe, they would seli vs them: so we gaiie
vnto two Taptaines, to either of them a manillio, and so we departeJ, and came uboord, and
sent out tiie other boate to another place, where certaine boates that came into the sea, nude
\s signes that there was fresh water: and being come thither, they found a towne, but nn
riuer, vet the people brought them fresh water, and shewed them an Elephants tooth, makiiii;
signes that the next day they would sel them teeth, and so they came abnonl.

This riiicr lielh by the (\irde thirlceiic leagues from the Cape Das p;ilnun, and there huh
to the Westwards of the same a rockc about a leag'r, in the sea, and the riuer it sclfe haih .i
jioint of lande commir)gout into the .Sea, wherei.pou grow due trees, which m.iy well her
discerned two or three leagues oil) comming froi i lie We-tward, liit the riuer cannot h(T
j)erceiucd vntill such time as a man be hard by .1, and then a man may |>crceiiie a litlc
Towne on ech sitle the riuer, and to ech Towne there belongeih .i Captaine. The riicris
but small, but the water is good and fresh.

Two miles beyond the riuer, where the other towne is, there lieth another point infn the
Sea, which is greene like a close, and not aboue sixe trees v|)on it, wliich growc one ofihem
from the other, whereby the coa>.t may well be knnwcn : for along all the coa<t that we liaiie
hitherto sailed by, I liaue not >.eene so much bare land.

In this place, and three or fmire leagues to the Westward of it, a! along the shoare, there
grow many Palme frees, whereof they make their wine de I'alma. Thc>ie trees may en-\\\
be know en almost two leagues oil", for they be very high and while luxiied, and strcij;hf,
and be biggest in the niid>t : lliey haue no boughes, but onely a n und bush in the lup of
them : and at the top of the same trees they bo;ire a hole, and there they hang a butlell,
and the iuyce of the tree runneth out of the said hole into the bottle, and that is their
wine.

From the Cape das Palmas, to the Cape Tres puntas, there are 1(X). leagues : and lo the
port where wc purpose to make sales of our doth beyond the Cape Tres puntas 40. Icai;iifs.

Note, that b ' " ' ~ '
the graines be gathered.

The language of the people of this place, a« far as I could perceiue, difT'crefh not miuh
fro the language of those which dwel where we watred before: but the peo|)lc of this i)l;irc
be more gentle in uaturc then the other, and goodlier men : their building & apparel is all
one with the others.

Tl.ri.-

Many Palme
irrti.

C$yt Tic I
{"untas

Ires uu
Note, that betwixt the riuer De Sest<w, and the Cape Dan palinns, is the place when' ;ilt

/. Wll. Tovirton. I.
unne a riucr, where

twixt the naid Cape,
being paitt the uid

ran alwaycH to the

le Homc l(t. lengiiei).

forth to v» tertaine

ihcis, and Ihcy made

the Master thinking

on ."ihcarr, with ono

if wast not the rincr,

'^ and saile, and uec

cyond the Cape, the

were in dccde iwn

ere in her Miidc, that

a>ter and 1 lool^c line

rceiued that it was ihp

■ance ver\ ill, l>y rca-

to vs, and shewn! \.i

pol.nd, & a little one

^r finer sicle, making;

v.t them : no we gaiic

and ramc aboord, ami

line into the Nca, made

Hind a tuwne, but in.

lejihants tooth, makiiij;

a!)<ior(l.

)aliiuii, and there liedi
le finer it selfe haili a
I, which m.iy well lice
lit the finer canniil Ixr
11 niav pcrreiiie a litlf
Captauie. The rin-ris

1 another point intn the
lich growe one of llu'm
I the coa-it that wc li;uu'

aloii;; the Hhoare, thrrr
The>*c trees may ra>iK
' bmiied, and streii;hf,
iind bnsh in the tup of
TO they hang a bdtlcll,
lottle, and that i-; their

IK), leagues : and lo ilic
I'res mintas 40. lfaf!iies.
, i.s tne place where all

iue, dilTtreth not mu(h
the people of this place
)iiilding & apparel U all

M. Wil. Towrion. I.

TilAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUnRIRS.

Tlifirm«Mi|^

iwctnna ky^P

,w>(trarth<Mi

Their dcitire in thiit place was most of all to hauc ManillioH and MargaritCH : aM Tor the
rc!*l of our things, they did liilc csteemc them.

About nine of the clockc there came boates to vh foorth, from both of the places afore-
■laid, and brought with thcin certainc teeth, and after they had caused me to Rwcare by the
water of the Sea that I would not hurt them, they came aboord our iihip three or foure of
them, and wc gaue them to eatc of all such things as wc had, and they did cate and drinke
of all things, as well as wc our sclucs. Afterwards* we bought all their teeth, which were
ill number I i. and of those I i. there were 10. omall : afterwards they departed, making vs
liignes that the next da) we should come to their TowncN.

The t2ti. day becuiisc wc would not trillc long at this place I required the Master to goc 'r*« *«*""■
vnto one of the lowiies, and to take two of oiir marchants with him, & I my hcII'c went to
the other, and tooke one with me, because these two towncs stand three miles asunder. To
these places we raricd somewhat of euery kindc of marchandi/.e that wc had : and hcc had
at the one lowne, nine teeth, which were but small, and at the other townc where I was, I
had elcuen, which were also not bigge, and we left aboord with the Ma.stcr certainc Manil-
lios, wherewith he bought 1'^. teeth aboord the ship, in our absence : and hauing bought
these of them, wee pci( eined tiiat they had no more teeth : so in that place where I was
one brought to me a small goat, which I bought, and to the Master at the other place they
brought line small hennes, which he bought also, and after that wc saw there was nothing
else to be had, we departed, and by one of the clorke we met aboord, and then waycd, and
went East our course IS. leagues still within sight of land.

The %H. the wind varied, and we rannc into the sea, and the winde comming againe ntV
the sea, wee fell with the land againe, and the first of the land which wc raised shewed as u
great red rlilfe round, but not %erv high, and to the E,xstward of that another smaller red
( lifle, and rii;lit abmie that into the land a round hammoke and greene, which we tookc to
be trees. We ranne in these 24. houres, not abone foure leagues.

The 'J'.), day comming neere to the shoare, we perceiued the red dille aforesaidc to hauc
right vpon the top of it a great hcapc of trees, and all to the Westwanls of it ful of red clilTes
as farre an wc could see, and all along the shoare, an well vpon the cliires, as otherwise, full
of wood: within a mile of the said great rlilTe there is a rinerto the Eastwards, and nodilT'es
that we could xee, except one small elide, which is hard by it. Wc ran this <lay and night
I'i. leagues.

The windes that wee had in this place by the reports of the peo|>leand of thase that hauc
bene there, haue not bene v.snall, but in the night, at North otf the lande, and in the day
South off the sea, and most commonly Northwest, and Southwest.

The Jl . day wc went our course by the shoare Northwards : this land is al along a low shoare,
and full of wo(Hl,as all the coast is for the most part, and no rockes. This morning came out
many boatcs which went a fishing, which bee greater boates then those which we sawc before,
sn that in some of them there sale b. men, but the fashion of the boats is all one. In the
afternoone about three of the clocke wee h.id sigh* of a Towne by the sea side, which our
Pilots iudged to be 'i.'i. leagues to the Westwards of the ("ape Tres pnntas.

The third of lanuary in the morning we fell with the Cape Tres punt.^s, and in the night
pas-sed, as our Pilots saide, b\ one of the I'ortugals castles, which is 8. leagues to the West-
wanls of the Cape : vpon the first sight of the Cape wee discerned it a verv high land, and
all growen oner with trees, and comming neere lo it, wc perceiued two head lands, as it were
two Bayes betwixt ihem, which opened right to the Westward, and the vitermost of them
is the l'«nstenie Cape, there we perceiued the middle Cape, and the Exstermost Cape: the
middle Cape slandeth not aboiie a league from the West Cape, although the Card sheweth
them to be 3. leagues one from the other: and that middle Cape hath right before the point
of it a .small rocke so neere to if, that it cannot be discerned from the Cape, except a man
be neere to the shoare, and vpon the same Cape standelh a great heapc of trees, and when a
man is thwart the same Cape to the Easfwanl, there riseth hard by it a round greene hommoke,
which commeth out of the maine.

The

Cjpe Trci pui-
tat.

» '

I I \

4HH

VOYAORS. NAUKJATIONS.

A/. Wit. Towrnon ]

t \'

:k 'i

Thr lownf nf
Vita loJiii.

The ihinlrCape in alxiiU a league l)rvoii(l llir midtllp ("ape, kiid U a hJKh land like lo tlip
other ('»!»«•!<, aiul brivsixt ihi- miiUlIc, ami ihe ihirdt- roinmelh oui a litlc head or |i<iiii( „(
a lanil out or the niaiiie, aud liiuerM nick* hard alxiord the »hoare.

nctbre wf lame to the Cape.., beiu),' about H. leaiueHolIthein, wee had the land SouihcaHt
and l)s I'aHi, and bein^ paol ihv Cape^, the land riinniih in againe Kant Northeast.

About two Icm;;ui's Ijcyond the l.utlii-<t Cape tliere U a lowe glade about two niilet ioinf,
and then the land riseth high againe, and diuerx head- landu rinc one beyond another, and dj!
uen< ro< kes lie nt liie point of the (ir«l head-laml. The nuddeitt of thc^e Capes it the nerrcHi
to the Soutliwardx, I ..eane, further into the tea liien any of the other, no that being to th,.
Mantward of it, it may !iedi«erned farre «i(l", and being »« to the Ka«lward it rineih with iw i
small rockes.

I'hit (lav \ve ankcred for feare of ouerxhonting a townc calletl S. lohnii. Wee ran this d.iv
not aboue H leagtaw. In the aflernoone thin day there came a boate of the <'oinitr<'v Irmn
the •.liojrc, with liue men in her, and went along by \*, at we thought, to «liH( friip (,|ir
flag^c", but they would not come neere vx, and when they had well looked vpon \s, ||„^
(h'p.irti'd.

The foiirili da\ in the morning, sailing by the cdait, we espied a ledge of rork«N |)\ ii,,
sho.ire, and to the Westwards of then* two great grene hils loyning together, so that lie.
tweeiie ilu-ni if was hollow like a saddle: and within the said rocket the Master ihnuglii tlu'
alnr<'n:imed Towne had •.toode, an<l ihcrelore we manned our boates, and tooke with \s ( luili
ami (illier man liaudi/.e, and rowed ashoare, but going along l)y the f<vast, we sawe thai ilun
w.is no townc, iherefure wee went aboord againe.

I'niin these twd hil- afore>aid, about two league* to the K.iktwanl, lie out into the Sci a].
mo-l two miles ,i ledge of rockes, and beyond that a great Hay, which runneth into tin- Nun i
Nortliwi's|\v;ir(l, and the land in this |)lace lieth North Northea-t along the shoare: bin ihr
viiiTino«i |)(>ini of land in that |)lace lliat we could see, lay Noriheasi, and by Kas| from \,

After that we witc with a sniail gale of wiiuie runne pa*! that \tlermost head-land. «,•
sawe a gre.it red ■ liile, which the .Master againe iuilge<l to be the tonne of S lohiis, mid li m
wee tooke I'Ur IvmIc with in.iii haiidi^c. and went tliilhrr, and when we < ainc thither, wc pi.-
ceiueil that lliere wai a li.wiu' \ pun the loppr of the hill, anil so wei- went toward it, and wtu i.
we were hard by i'. the jteople of llu- towne came together a great sort of tlieni, and w.iiuil
\s In ( oinc in, with a pen i- of ilolli, and so w«- went into a verv lairc Uiv, which linli i>
the r'.aslwiird of the clifli-, whereupon the towne standelli, and being williiii the t lidr, >,,(
Id tall our grapnel!, and ^fter that we had laricd there a good sjiac e, tliev sent a lioatc .iIkh ri|
of \ s, to sIk'wc \s that tlicv had golde, and they shewetl \s a peece aboiii hallc a ip^mi-
W'cight, and ropiircd In know our mea»ure, \' our weight, th it thcv might ■•hewi' ilicirC,i|i
tainc thereof : and w»e gaiie them a mea-iire of two ellc''. and a waiglit of two Ain;<Ki<i
shew \nlo him, which tiny tooke, and went on slioare, and shewed it Mito their (^(I.iiik.
and then tliey br 'light s- a measure of two elles, one niiarier and a halfc, and one ('rii-,ii|i-
wcighi (d gold, making vs -ignes that s,. much tl ey would giiic for the like measure, and Ic^c
tlicy wciiild III I liaiie After this, w«' laricd there aliciil an hoiire, .uid when we «aMC ihii
they would doe no otherwise, and witliall v!ulcr«t"od, ih.il all llic be»t pla(c..wcre l)cli.ie\.,
wee ilcp.irl< d lo our «hippes .ind wavi'd, and rannc along ilic shoare, and went before \*iili
I iir biaic, and hailing -ailed about a leagiu-, we caiiu- to a point wlu-rc iIktc l.iv fonrili i
lcdi;e of roeke-, like lo llie others befre -pokcii 'I. at.d being pa«t that people, tlie .M.i^tcr
-pied a place which hee s.ii.lc plaineK wa^ the Iovmic <A Don John : and the night wa< tuinc
\pnn vs, s 1 tiiat we could not well di-( erne ii, bin we ankcred as neerc \ntn the placv ■^^ wc
c..;,ld.

The (il't (!av in the morning we pcrceined ii to he the same townc in deedc, and wc manned
(>iir boitcs and went thither, ami Ixciiise ihil lh<' l.i-l vcerc the I'ortngaNai that place liiokc
away a man Iroiii them, and alli r -hot al lliem \»llli ^nat Ili-c*, and did beale them frnm ihc
place, we let fall our prappcl :iiino-l a Iki-c -IioI o(1 iln- -hoare, and there we l.iv ahoiil two
liourcs, and no boat- came to \*. Then icriaiiic of our men with the llindes boate went into

the

'n i

M. Wtl. Toxornon. I

M, mi. Timrwn. 1.

TRAFI'IQUKS, AND DISCOUFRIES

489

ihc Bay wit uli lirlli to thf Raittwnrd or llie Kmne, ami within that Day they found n i^nmlty
freth riiMr. and al'tcrwanU they came and waned lo vm .tUo t() rontc in, hecnimc they prn fined
the Ne^oea to ennie downe to (hat place, whirh wc did: and inimeuiutly the Negrrx-N v.\vne
fo va, and made vs ^iund that they had poidc, Inil none of ihein would come aboord our
boatrn. n*»^er « cnid wee nerceine any hoalct that thev had to ronie withall, *o that we
indeed ilwit ihc I'ortngala had njioiled their l)oalc*. I)ecan!<c we ww halle ol' their towne dc-
•troved.

Wre haiiiii({ Hiayrd there a ({ood «puce, and Neein^ that they would not eome lo \», ihriiNt
our bonees lieadx a nhoare, beiuK both well appointed, and then the Captaino of the Towne
came divwne beinft a Rraue man : and lie raine with his dart in liii hand, and ue lall men
alter him, eiierv one with hi« <lart & hix target, and their dnrt« were all of yron, faire and
sharpe, mid there came another after tiiem which raried the Capfainea wtooie; wee (tainted
him, and pot oil' our capx, and bowed our hcliies, and hee like one that thought well of hitn-
selfe, did not niooue hi^ cap, nor scant bowed his IxkIv, and sate him downe \ery Nolemnly
vpon iiin ktoole : but all hin men put olf their caiM to \h, and bowed downe themseliieN.

ile was cldlhcd fron) the Ininrs downe with a cloth of that Counlrey making, wrapped about
him, and made faot about his loynes with a girdle, and his cap of a certaine cloth of the
('onntrey also, and bare legged, and bare fouled, and all bare abouc the loynes, except his
head.

Mis seniantH, some of them had cloth about their loincH, and some nothing but a cloth he>
twixt their legges, and m.ide fa^i before, ami behinde to their girdle", and cappes of their
owne making, some like a basket, and some like a great vside purse of liea'<ts skinnex.

All their rhith, cordes, girdles, fUhing linen, and all such like things which thev haue, they
make of the bark of icrt.iine trees, and thereof they can worke things \ery pretily, and yron
worke they c;in make \erv line, of all such things as they doe ixcupy, as darts, (ishhookes, Tiitir wcifoiii
hooking yrons, yron heads, and great daggers, some of them as long as a woo<lknife, which
be on both sides exceeding sharpe, and bended after the maner «f Turkie blades, and ihe
nuMi part of them haue hanging a' iheir left bide one of those great daggers.

flieir t.irgeis l)ee made of such |.'i|.s as their cloth is ni.uie nf, and xerv clo>elv wrought, and
ihev bee in forme foure s(|uare, and \cry great, and somewhat longer then they bee broad,
so th.il kneeling downe, thev make their iargefs to coiier their whole body. Their bowes be
<hort, and of a prelie slriMiglh, as mmli as ^ man is able t<i draw with one of his Kngers, and
the siring is of ihe barke ol a tree, made Hat, ;'n(l about a cpiarter of an inch broad : as for their
arnmes, I jiaue nut as vet -eene any of them, for they h.td wrapped them vp close, and be-
rause I was busic I (onlil not stand about it, to haue ihcm open them. Their goldc also they
worke vrrv well.

When the Caplaine \\a« >ef, I sent him two ellis of c!<ith, and two basons, and gauc them
\tilo him, and hee -ent againe for a waight ol the same measure, and I sent him .1 weight
nf two .'XngeU, whii h he would not take, nether would hee «uller the towne to bu\ any thing,
hut ihe b.Vions of lir.isse : Sf) that wee solde that ila\ 7 I iiasoii* \nto the men of the towne,
lor ai)out halfe an .\ngel weight, one with another, anil nine wliite baMUis, which wc solde
f(>r a (|nartcr of .\» Angell a peece. or tlierrabiuih.

We shewed them all our other things which wc had. but thev did not e-iteeme them

About two ol' the clot ke, the Caplaine who did depart in the morning from vs, came againe,
.ind brought with him to present nice withall, a hemic, and two great rooies, which I re-
rriiied, and after made nie signes that the counlrey would come to his towne that night, and
bring great store of gohl, which in deed aloiit 4. of the docke thev did : for there came
ah( lit lot), men vnder .{. ("aplaines, well ap])ointed with their darts and bowes, and when
ihey came to vs, cuery m;in slicked downe his dart vpon the slioarc, and the Captaines had
»to(iles brought them, and they sate downe, and sent a young man aboord of vs, which brought
a measure with him of an ell, and one fourth part, and one sixteenth jiart, and he would
haue that fourc limes for a waight of one Angell and twelue graines: I offered him two clles,
is I had done before for two Angels weight, whi( h he esteemed nothing, but still stuckc at

vol. II. :i U hi>

^^\

iil

I i ''I ' ■■

I i '■

Vi ,7

kr^ .:h .ir,

:■■/

-rii;^*

490

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

JJJ. IVil. Tourson.

his foure measures aforesaid : yot in the ernle, when it grew very late, and 1 made him signes
that I would depart, he came to foure clles for the weight abouesaid, and otherwise he would
not deale, and so we departed. This day we toolce for basons s'xe ounces and a halfe and
one eight part.

The si\t day in the mornius; we manned our boates and the skifle well, for fearc of the
Portuj^als which the last yecre had taken away a man from the other ship>4, and wnu on
shoare, and landed, because they had no boates to come to vs, and so the nouii-; man whid,
was with vs the night before was sent aboord, who seemed to hauc dealt and bargained be-
fore with the Portugals for he could spcake a litle I'ortuguise, and was perfect in wei-^liisand
measures : at his comming he ollcreil vs, as he had doiic before, one Angcll, and tweliic i;raii!f^
for foure elles, and more he would not giue, and made si^nes, that if we would not take
that, we should depart, which we did : but before we did indeede depart, I odered him nt
some rotten cloth three elles for his waight of an Angell and twelue graines, which he would
not take, and then we departed making signes to him that wc would go away, as indeecic ko
would haue done, rather then haue giuen lliat measure, although the cloth was ill, seeing we
were so neere to the places, which we iudged to be \)elter for sale. Then we went ahuord
our ships, which lav about a league o(l', and came backe againe to the shoare for sand and
balaste; and then the Caplaine perceiuing that the boats had brought no marchandize but
came onely for wafer and sand, and seeing that we would depart, came vnio them, makini;
signes againe to kiu)w whether would wc not giue the foure dies, and they made si'.;nes againe,
that we would giue them but three, and when thev sawe thai the boates were re.idv to dcpnr!,
ilu'v came vnto them and gaue them the weight of our .\ngell and twelue graines, whicli wc
recjuired before and made signes, that if we would come againe, they would take three die-.
So when the boates came abn<>rtl, we la\de wares in then* both, and for the speedier dis|)at( li
I and lohn Sauill went in one boat, and the Maister lohn Makeworth, and Itichard Curlijiin,
in the other, and went on shoare, and that night 1 tooke for my part liftie and two ounccN,
and in the other boate they tooke eight dunces aiul a quarter, all by one weight and mea-
sure, and so being verv late, we ilepirled and went aboord, anil tonke in all this day three
pound.

The seuenth day we went a shoare againe. and that day I l(>(>ke in (mr boate three pouiiil
19 ounces, so that we dis[)alched almost all the doth that we caried with vs before noone, and
then many of the people were departe<l & those that remained h.id litle golde, yet thev made
vs signes to fetch iheni some latten basons, which I would imt because I purposed nut ( >
iiille out y time, but goe thence with speede to Don lohns tiwne. Hut lohn Sauill and Idin
Makeworth were desirous to goe againe : and I, loth to hinder them of anv profile, consented,
but went not my sdl'e : so they tooke eighteene ouiu'es of gold and came awav, seeing lliat
the people at a cerlaine crie made, were dep.irtcd

While they were at the shoare, there tame a young fdlow which could speake a little Por-
luguise, with three more with him, and to him I soldc .'W basni;s and two small white «aw-
1 ers, for three ounces, iVc which was the best reckoning tha: wc Hid make of any basons;
and in the forenoone when I w.is at the shoare, the .Master solde line basons vnto the same
fellow, for halfe an oun e of golde.

rhis fellow, as farre as we couhl |)erceiue, had bene laken into the C'asilc bv the Porlii-
gales, and was gotten away from them, for he tolde \s that the Portugales were bad men, and
that they made them slaucs if they could take them, and would put vrons vpon their lei,'ges,
and besides he told vs, that as many Frenchmen or Knglishmen, as thev could take (for he
could name these two \ery wdi) they would hang them; he told vs further, that there were
()l) men in the castle, and that euerv yeere there tame tliither two shippcs, one great, and
one small taruell, and further, that Don lohn had warres with the Portugals, which gaiie
nice the better coura^^e to goe to his towne, which lieth but foure leagues from the Casile,
whcrchence our men were beaten the last yeere.

This fdlowe came aboord our -hippc without feare, and assoone as he came, he demauiuled,
«w"y'/NnrM''^''y ^*^ ^■''^ ""' b""""??'" againe their men, which ll-.c last veerc we tooke away, and could

tell

itiihecaitU-ut
Miui.

Thf . .i\i%h\i\

r::v

M. Wil. To-xrson.

M. nil. ToxiTSon 1 .

THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIF.S.

491

fell vs that there were fine taken away by Englishmen : we made him answcre, that they were
in England well vsed, and were there kept till they could spcakc the language, :nd then they
should be brought againe to be a heipe to Englishmen in this Countrey : and then he spake
no more of that matter.

Our boates being rome aboord, wc wayed and set saile and a iitle after spied a great fire
vpon the shoarc, and by the light of the fire we might discernc a white thing, which they
lonke to be the Castle, and for fearc of ouershooting the towne of Don lohn we there ankered
two leagiics otl' the shoare, i.)r it is hard to fetch vp a towne here, if a ship ouershoot it.
This day we tooke scuen pound, and fine ounces of goldc.

This towne lieth in a great Bay, which is very dcepe.

The people in this plaoe desired most to hauc basons and cloih. They would buy some of
ihem also manv trifles, as kiiiues, horselailcs, homes: and some of our men going a shoarc,
sold a cap, a dagger, a hat, Sec.

Thcv shewed vs a certain course cloth, which 1 thinkc to be made in France, for it wxs
course wooll, and a sn.all threcd, and as thicke as wosted, and striped with stripes of greene,
while, yellow &c. Diners of the people did wejre about their neckes great beades of gla»se
of diuersc colours. Here also I learned .some of their language, as fullowcth :

Maitea. mallen,
Dassee, dassee,
Sheke,
Cowrte,
Cracca,
B3.ssina,
Foco, foco,
Molta,

Thil Ungua|e
Itemcth partlf
to be comi[K.

'Is their salutation.
I thanke vou.
Golde.
Cut.
Kniues.
Basons.
Cloth.
LMuch, or great store.

The eigiit day in the morning we had sight of the Castle, but by reason of a miste that Sijht of the
tlicn fell we could not hauc the perfect sight of it, till wc were almost at the towne of Don ""'"^ *^"*
Iiihn, and then it cleared vp, and we saw it and a white house, as it were a Chappell, vpon
the hill about it : then we hailed into ihe shoare, within two English miles of Don lohns
towne, and there ankered in scuen fadome water. Here, as in many other places before,
wc perceiucd that the currant went with the winde.
The land here is in some places low and in some high, and full of wood altogether.
The towne of Don lohn is but Iitle, of about twentie houses, and Ihe most part of the ^°" '<'''"'
towne is walled in with a wall of a mans height, made with recdc or sedge, or some such
thing. Here we staied two or three hourcs after we had ankered, to see if any man would
rome viifo vs : and seeing that none did come, we manned our boates and put in marchan-
tlizc, aiid went and ankered with our boates necre to the sh<iare : then they sent out a man
lo \s who made vs signes that that was the towne of Don lohn, and that he himsclfc was in
the Countrey, and would be at home at the going dt)wne of the Sninic, and when he had
tlone, he required a reward, as the most part of them will doe which come lirst aboord, and
I gnue him one ell of cloth and he depi;rted, and that night we heard no more of him.

The n-nih day in the morning we went againe with our boates to the shoare, and there came
(oorlh a boaie lo vs, who made signes that Don John was not come home, but would be at
home this i.lay : and to that place also came another boate from the other towne a mile from
this, which is called Don Dcuis, and brought with him gold to shew vs, making signes that
isr should come thither. I then left in thi.s place lohn Sauill, and lohn Makeworth, and tooke
the Hinde, and went to the other towne and there ankered, and tooke cloth and went to shore
with the boate, and by and by the boates came to vs and brought a measure of fourc yards
long iV a halfc, and shewed \s a weight of an angell and twelue graines, which they would
jjiiie for so much, and not otherwise: so I staled and made no bargaine. .And all this day
the harke lay at Don lohns towne, ;.nd did nothing, hauing an.swere that he was not come
home.

The tenth dav we went againe to the sho.nre, and there came out a boat with good store of

3 H '2 gold.

'Iff I

IV i

iKilMj

'^MI!'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Wll. Tourson. I.

ri:3fe^^

^;i^iiifi>.^

poll, and hailing driiion the matter ofT a long time, and hauing brought the measure to :i
nayle ieswe then three elles, and their weight to an angcll and twentie graines, and could not
bring ihcm to more, I did conrhide with them and solde, and within one quarter of an houre
J tooke one pound and a quarter of an ounce of goide : and then they made me HJgnos to
larv, till they had parted their cloth vpon the shoare as their manner is, and they would come
againe, and so they went awav, and Inyde the cloth all abroad vpon the sandc peeco bv pecrr.
and by and by one came running downc from the towne to them, ai-.d spake vnto thern,,iiul
foorthwith euerv man maile as much haste as he could awav, and went into tlie wonds to hiilo
his golde and his cloth : we mistrusted some knaucry, and being waned bv them to cdinc ?
shoare, vet we would not, Init went aboordc the Hinde, uiid perceiueil vpon the hill ;{0 nu'n
which we iudged to be Portngals : and they went vp to the toppc of the hill and there tnus.
tcred and shewed themselties, hauing a flag^e with them. Then I being desirous to knciwc
what the Hart did, tooke ihi- Hinder bo.ite and went towards her, and wh«'n I canic necrc ti.
them thev shot off two pieces of ordinance which I marueiled at : I ni;>de as much IknIc ;i,
I could to her, and met her boafe and skifle comming from the shoare in all haste, and we
met aboord together. Thev shewed me that they had heenc a shoare all thnf day, and h;i(i
giuen to the two oonnes of Don lohn, to either of them three vardes and a halfe of cloth, ;ind
three ba-ons betwixt them, and had deliuered him .'{ yards ol cloth more and the weii;ht ui
The PottiifaW an angcll and Vl graines, and being on land did larie for his nnswere, and in the meape limp
of ihciMMif of ,|^p Portujjals came running from tlie hill vpon them, whereof the Negroes a litle before had
ourmtr. guieii them warning, and bad them to go awav but thev prrcciiieo it not. The sonne of |)(,n

lohn conspired with the l'ortiig:iles against them, so th.il ihev were almost vpon them, l)i;t
yet thev rccoucred their boate and set oil' from the >ho.ne, and the Portngales shut tlicir
calieuers at them, but hurt no man, and then the shippe pcrceiiiing it, shot off the two |)ci(e»
aforesa\de among them. Hereupon we l.iyde bases in both the bcates, and in the SkiHe ;ii,(l
manned them well, and went a shoare againe, but because of the winde we could not i,niul,
but lay off in the sea about ten score and shot at them, but the hill succoured them, and
thev from the rockes and from the hilles shotte at vs with their halfe hakes, and the Ncjirnc^
more for feare then for Imie stoode by them to hcipe them, and when we saw that the Negroe*
were in sue h siibiection vnio them that diev durst not sell vs an\ thing for feare of them M'
vent aboord, and th:it nii;lit the wind" kept at the Kast, so that we couhl not with our ship
fetch the Hinde, but I tooke the boate in the night and went aboord the barke to see wliar
was there to be <lone, and in the morning we perceiueil ihe to\vne to be in like case iavdc
with I'orlugales, so we wayed and went along the coast. This towne of lohn de Viso standcih
vpon an hill like the towne of l)(m lohn, but it hath beene burned, no that there are iki
passing sixe he uses in it : the itiost part of the golde th;it comes thither comes out of the
countrev, and no doubt if the people durst for feare of the Portngals bring forth their gold.
there would be had good store : but they dare not sell anv thing, their siibiection is so grr.it
to the Portngales. The II dav running bv the shoare we had siirht of a litle towne ((uiro
leagues from the last tow e that we came from, and about liall'e a league from that, of another
towne vpon a hill, and h.iife a leaaue from that al-o of another great towne vpon the shoare:
whither we went to see what could there be done : if we could doe nothing, then to retiirnr
to the other towne, because we thi-ught that the Portngales would leaue the towne vpon cmr
departure. Along from the castle vnto this pla<e are very hi>{h hilles which may be s<tiic
aboiie all other hilles, but thev are full of wood, and great red clilfes by the sea side. The
boates of thc^e places are somewh.if large and bigge, for one of them will carrie twcliic
men, but their forme is alike with the former boates of the coast. There are about thesr
townes few riuers: their language difVereth not from the language vscd at Don lohiis towne:
but cuery one can speake three or foiire wortls r)r P( rtuguise, which they vsed altogether
to vs.

We sawe thii night about 5 of the clocke 'il boate^ running along the shoare to the West-
ward, whereupim wesus|)cctid some knanery intended against vs. The I'i day therefore we
set say Ic and wont further along the coast, and descried more townes wherein were jjrcatcr

hoihM

T hr towne of
Don lohnde
Viio.

I. ml. Toia-son. 1.

.1/. mi. Tourson. 1.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

4<JJ

houses then in the other lowncs, and the people came out of the townes to lookc vpon vs,
but we could sec no boiili-s. Two mile beyond tlie Eastermost lownc areblacke rocks, which
l)lackc rockes continue to ihc \itcrmost rape of tlic land, which is about a league olF, and
then the land runnes in E.istnortheast, and a sandy shoarc againe: vpon these blacke rockes
came downe certaine Negroes, which waned va with a white flagge, but we perceming the
principall place to be necrc, would not stay, but bare still along the shoare : and assoone as
we had opened the point of the land, we rayscd another head-land about a league off the
point, which had a rocke King oil' if into the sea, and that they thought to be the place which
we sought. When we came thwart the place they knew it, and we put wares into our boate,
and the ship being within halfe a mile of the place ankered in tiue fadome water and faire
ground. We went on shoare with our boaic, and ankered about ten of the clorke in the
forenoone : we saw inans boates lying vpon the shoare, and diners came by vs, but none of
ihcni would coine necre vs, being as we iudged afraid of vs : because that foure men were
taken perforce the last yecre from this place, so that no man came to vs, whereupon we went
aboord againe, and thought here to liane n)nde nosaile : yet towardes night a great sort came
downc to the water side, and waned vs on sh 'are with a white flagge, and afterwarde their
Captaine came downe and many men with him, and sate him downfe by the shore vnder u
tree : which when I jiercciued, I tooke things with me to glue l>im : at last he sent a boat to
call tovs, which would not come neere vs, but made v-; signes to (oine againe the next day :
but in fine, I got them to come aboord in otlering them t.iiiig-. to giue to their captaine, which
were two elles of cloth, one l;itten bason, one white bason, a bottle, a great piece of beefe,
and sixe bisket cakes, which they rcccaicd making v.<i signes to come againe the next day,
xaying, that their Captain was Grand Capitanc as appeared by those that attended vpon him
with their darts and targets, and otiier wca|)ons.

This towne is very great and stands vpon a hill among trees, so that it cannot well be seene
except a man be neere it : to the Eastward of it vpon the hill hani by the towne stand 2. high
trees, which is a good marke to knowe the towne. And vnder the towne lieth another hill
lower then it, wlurenpon the sea beilcs : and that end next the sea is all great blacke rockes,
and bevonde the towne in a bay lieili another small towne.

The 13 day in the morning we tooke our bo:iie ami went to shoare, and slaved till ten a
Hocke and no man came to vs : we went ab'<ut tlicrerori' to returne ab lord, and wiien the
Negroes saw that, they came running downe \vitli a llagge to wane vs againe, so we ankered
againe, and then one shewed vs th.it the (.'aptaine w.uld come downe by and bv : we saw a
sailein the meane time passe by vs but it w.is small, and we regarded it not. Being on shore
wee made a tilt with o.ir oares and sa\ le, and t;)cn there canio a boate to \s with tiue men in
her, who brought vs againe our bottle, ami bnukjit nu' a hen, making signes by thesunne,
that within two houres the marrhants of thi- cooiiirev wonid come downe and bnvall that we
had ; so I ganc ihein si\{- Mantilios to cniy to tlu-ir Captaine, and they made .signes to hauc
a pledge ol \-, ai.d they would leant- vs another nian : and we willing to doe so, pnt one of
(Hir men in their boate, Init t'lcy would nm gaie vsone of theirs, so \%c tooke our man againe,
and there tarried l»r tli<- inarchant-i; and suorilv after one came downe arraved like their
Captaine with a great traine after him, who .saluted vs IVin div, and one of the chiet'est of
them went and sale do^vne vnder a free, where the last ycie the Capinine was wont to sit : and
at last we perceimd a great many of them tii staiul at the ei;ile of a hollow wav, and behinde
them the I'oriunales hail |ilanleil a lia-e, wlio siKKIciily shotti" at vs but ouershot vs, and yet
we were in a niaiincr haul hv t cm. a.ul tiu'\ s|i t at \s again • bel'ore we could ship our
oares to get away but ilid no hurt. I'lien tl,e Negr.>es cane to the rocks h.nd hy vs, and dis-
charged calicuers ai \s, and agiiiw the roring.des shot o(i" their base twisc more, and then
(Hir ship shot at them, but tl.v n ( kes and hilles detenilcd tliem.

Then we we' I dioiid to goe liom this place, sppliv^ the Negroes bent against vs, because
that the last \eere ,\1 (J.iiiisi. did take away the Captaines soiitic and three others fnnn this
pla(o with llieir goldc. m.l all that tiie\ had about them : which was the cause that thev be-
came friends witn th',- I'miu'. ■ilis, whu-n befoie they hated, as did appcare the List vecre bv

the

Four? men ti-
ken .uvay by
the Hngli.l:

A great townf .

The like ihry
doe ill (he
countrey of
Preie lanr.i.

M.stfr Rut'trt
li.tinihes voy-
jgf 10 (Guinea
• 11 anno 1554

^ ' 'if

l:i

494

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS.

At. Wit. Tourson.

Guine.

A I'ortugilt
Brijanilin?.

TheEnsUih thc courtcoiis intcrtaincmciit whicli the Triniiic liad thcrc, when the Captnine rame alxiord
bu"d°I'twn°in ^^^ shippe, and broiiglit them to his towne, and otVcrcd them ground to build a Castle in, and
there they had good sales.

The 14 day we waycd and plyed backc againc to sccke the Hinde, which in the mornins
we met, and so we turned both backc to thc Eastwardcs to see w hat wc could doe at thai plarp
where the Trinitie did sell her eight friscs ihe last yccre. Thc llinde had taken cightccnc
ounces and a halfc more of goldc of other Negroes, the day after that we left them. Thi,
day about one of thc clocke wc espied ccrtainc bnaies v|ii)n liic sand and men by ihcm and
went to them with marchandizes, and lookc three ounces of gold for 18 fuffs of cloth, rucrv
fuffe three yards and a halfc after one angcll and I'i graincs thc fufTc, and then they made
mesignes that thc next day I should hauc goldc enough : so thc Master tooke the llinde with
lohn Sauill and lohn Makcworih, and went to seckc thc place aforesaid, & I with Uirhanl
Pakeman remained in this place to see what we could do thc next day : and when the Nc-
grocs perceiued our ship to go away, they feared that the other would follow, & so sent
forth 2 boats to vs with 4 men in them, requiring vs t(» lary & to giue them one man for a
pledge, and 2 of them should tary with vs for him, so Edward M.Morlei>iseniant seeing these
men so earnest thereiif offered himselfe to be pledge, and we let him goe for two of them, one
whereof had his waights and scales, and a chaine of goldc aboute his necke, and another
about his arme. They did eate of such things as wc had and were well contented. In i|ic
night the Negroes kept a light vpon the shoare thwart of vs, and about one of the cloilcc
wc heard and saw the light of a base which shot off' twise at the said light, and by and hy
dischargetl two calicucrs, wliich in the end we perceiued to be the Porlugals brigandine whieii
followetl vs from place to place, to giuc warning to the people of the cnuntrey, that ihev
.should not (Icale with vs.

The 15 day in the morning thc Captaine came downe with 100 men with him, and broujjlit
his wife, and manv others brought their wiues also, because their towne was 8 miles \p m
the countrey, and they determined to lie by thc sea side till they had lMiu<>ht what tlicy ui.uld
When he was come he sent our man ahoord, and required to hauc two men plidgcs, ami lif
liin'..sellc would come aboord, and I sent him two, of whom he tooke but one, and >o came
aboord vs, lie and his wife with diners of his friends, and l;roughl me a goatc and two treat
rootes, and I gauc him againe a latten bason, a white bason, (i manillios, and a boitell , f
Malmesic, and to his wife a small casket. Afier this we bc(;an to make our measure and
weight: and he had a weight of his owne which iield one .ingell aril I i graines, and rr()iiired
:i measure of 4 elles and a halfc. In fine we conclude»l thc H part for one angell and *)
graines, and before we had done, they lookc mine owne weight and meas;;'X'.

The 16 day I tooke 8 li. I ounc e of gold ; and since the departure of the Hinde I heard ikh
of her, but when our pledge went into the countrev the first niglit, he saiil he .saw her fa«t
anker abouefiue leagues from tliiii |)l;uc. The 17 dnv I sold about 17 pieces of cloth, I't liKikc
4. li. 4 ounces and a halfc of gold. Thc IS day the captaine desired lohaue.sonie or our wine,
and offered lialCe a ducket of gnli! for a liotiell: but I gauc it him freely, and miide him and
his trainc drinkc besides. .And this d.iy also I tooke f) li. 5 ounces of gold. The ID dav hf
sold about IS clothes, and tooke 4li. 4. cjunces and one i|uarter of golde.

The liiO day we tooke 3 li. sixe ounces and a quarter of goldc. The 21 we tooke S. li 7
ounces and a quarter. The 22. 3. li. 8. ounces mid a quarter. .\nd this night about 4 nl" ihe
clocke (he Captaine who had l,«ycn all this while \pon thc shoare, went away with all the rf<t
of the people with him.

The 23 day we were vaucd a shoare bv other Negroes, and sold them cloth, casket*,
kniucs, and a dosen of bcN, and tooke I. li. JO. oinucs of gold. The 24 likewise we sold
bcis, sheetes, and thimbles, and tooke two li. one oimce and a quarter of gold. The 2."» d.iv
we sold 7 dosen of smal bels and other things, and tlicn perceiiiing their gold to be done,
we waved and set saylc & went to leeward to seckc the llinde, and about .") of thc clo( ke at
night wc had sight of her, and bare with her, and vndcrstood that shec had made some sale.s.
The 2C> day wee rcceiued out of thc Hinde 48 li. 3 ounces and one eight part of golde, which

they

Al. Wil. Toivrgoti.

M. IVil. Tuurson.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

495

they had taken in the time that wc were from them. And this day vpon the request of a
Negro lliat came vnto vs from a captaine, we went to shoarc with our marchaiidize, and tooke
7 li. and one ounce of gold. At this place ihey required no gages of vs, but at night they
sent a man aboord vs, which lay with vs all night, because we might knowe that they would
aNocome to vs the next day. Tlie 27 day in both our shippcs wc tooke 8. li. one ounce,
ihrcc quarters and luiU'e a quarter of golde. The 28 we made sales for the companie, and
tooke one pound and halfe an ounre of gold. The 29 day in the morning we heard two calieuers
shot ofl'vp;)!! the shoi;e, wh"h vc iudgcd to be either by the Portugales or by the Negroes of
the Portuj;ales: wc mnnned our boates and armed our seines and went to shoare, but could
liiule nothing: for they were gone. The .'JO day we made more sale.s for the companie and
lor the Masters.

The 31 we sent (mr boate to shoare to take in sand for balast, and there our men met the
Negroes, with wliom they had made sale the day before a fishing which did helpe them to
till sand, and hauing mi gold, .sold fish to our men for their handkerchiefes and nightker-
chicfes.

The I. day of Februarv we wayed and went to another place, and tooke 1. li. 9. ounces 3
quarters of gold. The 2 ilay we made more sales: but h luing viewed our victuals, we deter-
mined to tarie no long lime vpim the coast, because the most part of our drinke was spent,
& tliat which remained grew sowre. The .'? and -t daycs we made some sales, though not great,
and finding the wind this 4-. day to come oU" the shoarc, we set saile and ranne along the shoare
to the Westwards: vpon this coast we found by experience that ordinarily about 2 of the
docke in the night the winde comes olFthe shoarc al Northnortheast, and so confinueth vntil
eight of the clocke in the morning: and all the re-it of the day and night it comes out of the
Southwest : and a* for the tide or currant vpon this slmre, it gocth continuallv with the winde.
The 5 day we continued sayling and thought to h:iue met with some English ships, but found
none.

Thesixt day we wen' our cnirse Southwest to fetch vnder the line, and ranne by estima-
tion 2* leagues.

The l.'}dav wee thought ourselues by our reokoniiig lo be clearc oil" the Cape das Palmas,
and ranne I'i leagues.

The 22 day we were thwart of the Cape de Monte, which is to the WestwanI of the Riuer
lie Sesfiis, about .'JO leagues.

The first day of March in a Tern.ido we lost the Hinde, whereupon we set vp a light and
•hot off a piece but could not heare of her, so that then we strooke our saile and taried for
lier, and in llie morniig had sight of her againe three leagues a sterne oU"vs.

Vpon the22di\ we louiid our selues to be in the height of Cape Verde, which stands in
14. dcgrce-j and a halfe.

From this day till the 2.) day we continued our course, and then wc found our selues to be
ill 22 degrees. Thi-* dav one of our men called William Ki:)g, who had bene long sicke, died in
Ills sleepe, hit apparel was distrilnited to iho-e that lackt it, and iiis monev was kept for his
friends to be dcIiuiTod t'leni at hisconiining home.
The .10 dav we I'oun ! our seines to be vnder the Tropike.
The^l d.n wewentinir coui"<e, :ind made wav IS leagues.

Fr im the first day of .\prill to the 'JO we went our course, ar.d then found our selues to bee
In the height of the .\sorex.

The seuenlli d.iv of May we fell wit'o the South part of 1,'cland, and going on shoare with
our boate had f'rcih drinke, and two ^heepe of the eoiuitrey people, which were wildc Kernes,
and wc gaue them g<p|ile for tlietn, and bought furthc'-.-.uch otiier victuals as we had neede of,
and thought would serue \-; till we arriued in Knglt-iul.

The 14 day with the afternoone tide we went 'nto the Port of Hristoll called Ilungrode, and
there ankered in safeiie and gauc thankcs to God for our safe arriuall.

Fcbruirie.

They rcturne fof
England.

Cjp« dc Montr.
March.

Cape Verde in
latitude 14 de-
grees & a halfe.

AprilL
May.

Their atriu^li at
Orisl^'ll.

^r.

!»;

The

M^\

1,0 .ifi-'

I' ' ■'•«'. ^f ' !

4!)fi

NJii ember.

Sifrri LtM-

1 hry fldniit «r-
tjiiic Fi^iuh-
rnen iiitu ihciT

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

.>/. Wj/. Toumm. 2.

The HiTond voy.ijjp made by Maister \Villia;n To-vi I'n to tlio roast of Guinea, and
the Castle <ir MIn.i, in the Necre I. •>;>(). v. iih llii' Tiger of London a ship of 120
tiinnes, the Mart of London of (iO innnci. ;inii .i I'inne^sc ol'siN ;'enc tnnnes.

THe foiirteentii day of September, the \eere ah 'iiiNayd, we depar'. d doni Harwicli, and
directed our cour>e for the Isle of Siiiie, to niecic I'.cre with the Ilaii aiidPinnes.se, whicji
were rigged and victualed at IJri^loll, i)ut airiiiin;- ihi re the eigtit and l>ventieth day we lound
them not, and therefore after loni; l\inj> at Hull to I .rne for them, but not espying them, wc
turned backe to riimnuuilh the I'i d:iv of DitobiT, .iiid lieiu^ there, the Han and the Pi,,.
ncsse came to \s, so that the lii of Nonember ue all iie|)arted to ;elher from I'limnionih at
one of the elocke in the alter noone, and the 2H d.iy we had siu;ht of ihe Isle of I'orlo Saiito
and the next d:iy in the morning of Madera.

The third day ol December we fell with the lie of I'alma, and the D wc were thwart n(
Cape Hiaiike, and found tiiere cerlaine Carauels li>hing fur Fargoes.

The li> we found our selues in the height of Sierra Lcona, and all this day we ranne thwart
of cerlaine Currants, which did set to the We-st Souihweslward so fast as if it had bene the
ouerfall of a sand, making a great noysc like vnto a streamc or tide-gate when the xsaicr i,
shoale : and to prooue whither we coidd (inde ground in this place, wc sounded and !iad l,)ij
fidoine, and no ground, and so departed.

The ^0 of December we fell with the coa^t oftiuinea, and had first sight of it about k
leagues oil". The best marke thai we cnuld l.ikc (I the place to knowc it was three liiiic,,
wi)i(l) lay Northia^t and by Last iron; \s: bitwixi the .Norlheinu)st two hiiles there are iwi
high and great trees -ending in siuiit as it were a saih's breadth one from another, andahil.'
Tn,)re to the Norlhwi»iwaiils are certaine hommoiks ilauiiig savled somewhat into the shiare
wee toiike our selues to be sholle somewhat p:i>l iht: riucr <le Sestos, so that we kept about ti,
letch if. And a litle alter wc Iiad sight ol three s:i\!cs (I -hi|)|)es -.w.il two pinnesses wlm!;
\>ere in the Xicitlur lA \-, .uid haiiing sight o( th( in we made nur scluo readie to mecle tm'm
,ind hailed odour sl.ips to fete h the wiiule as ncerc as wc cciilil : and h iiiiii'; saylcd ab()„r,i:.
i'.oure or two, thev als<i went about, and went as wc went to make thcinsilues readie, am
when wc had them in chase, tl'.c\ wciti awav Irom \- : but ulicji tlu \ h.id made thciiisilut.
readie, ihev kept about agaiiie, and came yvilh \s m lic (iiicly apponiteil with their strcauirr-,
.ind ])cod.ints and eiisigiies, njid iiovse of tn.inpcls \crv biaiiejy : .so wlicn we met, thcv luj
the weather hI'm^, ami we being ditermined In light, if they had ix'iie I'mtugaN, waned thcr,
to come vnder om- Lee, which they denied stoutly ; then \\v dcmainided of iheiu whence tiic\
were, and they sayd of IVaiue, we told them agailie that we were ol" Loiulon in Liij;l.iiuj
■fhev asked of \s what I'ortugals uee had scene, we answered, none l)ul l''islieiiiieii ; iIu'h
thev told \stliat there were iirt.iiiie Portiig.ill ships gone to tlic Min.i to defend it, and i.'i.a
thev met with another at the riucr dc Scstos, which w.ns a sjup if tuo hundred which lhc\ lini
binned, and h.id s.mcd nol'.e but the master and Iwd or three Negmes, and (crLiinc (it!icis
wiiich %vere sore burned vsliich liiev hit a sh.ore there. Then lh(\ ilesiiid to come .diori.l ,:
\s with tiieir boates to taike with \s, and wee gaiu' ihcm Icaue. Then tiu' capt.iiiu- ol ihc
.Vdmirall and diners others (anic aboord very IVieiidK, desiring \s to ke([)c ihcm c>>iii|)anv
bciause of liie I'ortugals, and to goe to the Mina with them . wee loM tliem that we had iidi
watered, and that we were but now fallen wilh the coast, and they shewed vs that wc wtrc liftic
leagues [).is| the riucr de Scsins : notwithstanding there was walcrcnough to be had, aiiil lhc\
Wduhl helpc Ns to water with their cmue boats betausc thev would iiane om' ( ornp.une. .\nj
luid \s lurther, that they had bene si\e wcekes \ j)on the nasi, and had gotten hul liiffc
Inniics of graincs amongst them all. aiul \»heii wee h.id lieaid them, we made our rci koiiiiij;
that aithcuigh the .\Iiiia were ( leare, yet if they did goe before vs, they would inarre our
market; and if it were not cleare, then if the I'oilugals were there and did take thfin, thf\
Would vndersiand that we were behind, atul >(, would waite for \s. .\r.d further we niadi-
account that if wc went with them we shdidd ilnc as well as tie\. it tiic coast were dc.irc; ii
it were li't dcare, tlicn l)\ tlieni we were assured to be tlu' sir iigcr. 'i'herefore haimiL'

roiisidciik'

,-^w

M. Wil. Tourson. 2.

It or Guinea, and
nil a nhij) of 120
s ;cn'' tunnes.

, d lioni Harwich, an J
I and I'iniiesse, wiiicli
svcnticlh day we I'ounJ
t not opyiiiR lliom, wi-
the Hart and the Pin-
,,T I'roni IMimnim.ih at
the \>\<i "I I'orto Sanio

i) we were tlnviirt ol

hi-i day we ranne tliwatt

as if it had bene the

j>ate wlicii the wMcr i,

,c sounded and !iad 1)0

irst si^ht of it alunit i
lowc il was three liilic-,

>s<) hiiles there are iw.

from another, andaliilj
..oniewhat into tlie sluare

M) that we kept ahoiii to
Mid l"t> pinnesses wlinh
us readie lo iiicctc ilicm
(1 li:iiiin« sayled abo.,i,,;:
.e ihemsihies readie, an i
,( V ii.id made iheni-ilut,
iiled wilh their slriMiiuT-,
,1 whin we niel, llu'\ luj
lie riiilii>;;ii', waned llur.
(led id" theni whence liu*

,.i' London in l'',ii;;l.uul
me ImU l'is!iermen ; ilu'n
in.i to defend it, and ih.
ile-iiid to come .diouid ul
rlifii llu' caplaine I'l' the

Id keipe llu 111 coiiipjiiv

I,, Id them that we ha>l rid
leweilvs that wewereliftic
■iioiiilli to he had, anil liic)

iiai'.e oiiriompanie. And
, ;iiid had uotleii hilt llirfc
n, we made our rci i,iiiu!i>;

vs iliev would inarre mir
,. ;,iui dill lake ihcm, ihcx
s. Ar.d further we kmW

il till' toa^t were ile:ire; ii

r n'_'<'r. Tiierefore haiiiiij;

coii-iileriJ

M. JVil. Towrson 2.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

497

roii>iderc(l lliiis imirh of their gentle offers, wee told them that the next day wee would con-
I'er'e more largely of the matter. Whereupon they desired inc to come the next day to dinner
tr ihcin, and lo brin<i; the masters of our ships with me, and such marchanfs as I thought
goiul, ijromisiiijj; to giuc vs water out of their owne ships if we would take it, or els to tarie
witii vs and heipe \s to water with their own boats and pinnasses.

The ill day in the morning the Admirall sent his boat aboord for inc, and I tookc our
masters and cerlaine of our marehaiits and went to him, who had prouided a notable banquet
for vs, and intreated vs very friendly, desiring vs still to kcepe his company, promising that
what victuals were in his ships, or other things that might doe va pleasure vntill the end, we
should hauc the one halfe of it, oHering vs if wc would to furie his Flags, and to bee at our
connnaundeincnt in all things.

In liie eiide we agreed to come to an anker, and to send our boat on shore with the Admi-
rals boat, and one of his |iinnasses, and an Almaine which they had brought out of France, to
seeke water, as for our pinnasse she came to an anker to seaward of vs all, and would not
come at vs. All this night the boats continued on shore.

The (irst d.iy of lannary our boats came to vs againe and had found no riucr. Whereupon
wc weighed and set saile, and ankred againe at another riuer.
The ;i day we went into the riuer and bargained, and tookc 5 small Elephants teeth.
The .'{ day we looke I> more.

The fourth day the French Admirall and wee tookc fiftecne small teeth. This day wee An «iauit vpun
tooke tiiirlie men with vs aiul went to seeke Elephants, our men being all well armed ^vith '''r''"'"'
h;ir()iiel)ussey, pikes, long bowes, eros.>ebowes, parti/.ans, long swordes, and swordes and
bucklers: wee liiuiid two Elephants which wee stroke diners times with harqucbusses and
long bowes, but they went away from vs and hurt one of our men. The fift day we set saile
and ramie along liie co:ist.

The () d.iy we i'ell with the riuer de S. Andre, at whic:h place the land is somewhat high to Riojjs. au.
the Westward if the riuer, and a faire Uaie also to the Westward of it : but to the Eastward <>"■
of it il is lowe l.iiiil.

The 7 day we went into the liiuer and found no village, but ccrtaine wild Ncgros not ac-
(■ii»t(Miu'd t!> trade. It is a very great riuer and 7 failomc water in some places at the cntring.
Here we lilleil w.iicr, and after set saile.

Ihc S day we sailed along the shore and c.iine to the red clifles, and went forward in sailing
the !• d.iy also.

The lb day we came togetlier to confer with caplaine Blundel Adniiral of the French shi|)s, Cjfuinr Blim.
Uriiin Uaiiilcl his \i(e admiral, and lohn de Orleans master of a shipi i 70 tunne, and with their ^VJ'jJjy""'''
niarchai-.ls, and agreed that when Ciod siiouid send \s to any place where wee might make sale,
ihat we should be ol one accurd and iml one of vs hurl the market of the other, but ccrtaine
(if our hoales to make the price for all tiie re-t, and then one boate to make sale for euery
•liippe. This night our Im.its going to the shore met with ccrtaine Negros, who said that they
IkiiI gold, and llurcfore we here cast anker.

The 1 1 day all tiie d ly we tooke but one halle angel weight of 4 graines, which we tooke
hv hand, for llie people of tiiis jilace h.id no weight : tlic Negros called this place Allow. Allow.

Tiiel'ida\ \w ran along llie coa-l and found but one lowne, but no boates would come
out to vs, and therefore we went our course.

The Hi day I tookc my boat and went along the shore, and passed by diners small townes,
niul was waned to come in slioie at .'{ places, but the sea went so high \|)oii the shore, that
it was not po>sil)!e fr \s t.i land, iiiither could ihev come to vs if thev had had boats, as I
iiHiM sec nolle but at one pl.ice, where there was one that would haue come vnto vs, but the
!.:iii(l-wash weni so xire liuit it oiiertiuiw his Ixiat, and one of the men was drowned, which
ihc pcoiile l.iniented, ami cried mi sure, tlist we i.iight easily heare them, and they got Ills
biiilv out of the sea, and i aricd it a'Ucngsl them to their lowne.

■file Ii dav we came within Saker--lioi of the castle, cV straigiitway they set forth an AI-
nijih' to descry ss, and wiicii llu'v ])erieiiied that we were no I'ortugals, they ranne within
the iiiwnc againe; for there is a great towiic bv the Castle which is called by the Ncgros Dondou » jrtu
vol.. 11. ;{ S Dondou. '"""'•

' ) I J

l^'

iSf-

iV'.fe

Jl^^' IP

i^lflf!'^

498

Tlif f Mile of
Jhlina.
Capt d< Tni

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Wit. Tomton «.

Sdt*.

H(MI<

SlMnnM.

Th« Ncgroi

bruu(ht hum*
byoui mm,

Dondou. Without thii there lie two great rockes like Hand*, and the castle Rtandeih vpnn a
point which aheweth almost like an Hand. Berorc we came at this caMle, wc Tound the Lnd
for fiue or six leagues to be high land, and nboiit icuen leagxies before we came to ihe rin*
tie, lowe land, vntil we came at the castle, and then wee found the land high againc. Thii
castle standeth about fiue leagues to the East of Cape dc Tres piintaH. Here I tooke the bo:ite
with our Nrgroa and ranne alongst the shore till I came to the Cape and found two small
townes, but no boates at them, neither any trafiique to be had. At these \i\nn our Negros
did vnderstand them well, and one of them went ashore at all the places and was well rerciued
of them. This night we ankred at the Cape de Tres puntas.

The 15 day I tnoke our boat and went along the shore, & about 3 leagues beyond the Eaut-
ermost part of the Cayt". wc found a faire Bay where wc ran in, and found a smal lowne and
certaine boates which bciun^cd to the same lowne, but the Negros in a long time would not
come to VI, but at the last by the perswasiion of our owne Negros, one boat came to v.h, and
with him we sent George our Negro a shore, and after he had talked with (hem, they rame
aboord our boates without fcare, and I gaue to their rnptaine a bason, and two strings of Mar.
garetf, and they shewed va about 5 duckats weight of gold, but they required so much for it
that wee would not take it, becautie the Frenchman and wc h.id agreed to make price of our
goods ail in one boat, and the price being made then every man to sell in hist owne boar, and
no man to giiic more the the price which should be set by vs al. Thi^ place is called Bnllr,
and here the Negros were very glad of our Negros, and xhewed them all the friendshi|> thcv
couid, when they had told them that they were the men that were taken away being novt
againe brought by vs.

The Negroa here shewed vs that a moneth since there were 3 ships thai fought togethrr, ^-
the two shippesput the other Ui flight: and before that at the rastie of Miiia there Mere 4
ships of the Portugals which met with one Frenchmaii, which Frcnchma'h causicd them all w
flee, which shippe we tooke to be the Uoebargc : for the Frenchmen of our company iud>;nl
her to be thereabout that time with her pinnasse also. And further, that after her went i
shippe of tweluc score named the Shaudet all alone, and after her a ship of foiirescore, and ln.ih
for the Mina. And there were two others also which they left, one at C.ipe Verde called ilu
Leuriere of Diepe, and another at the riuer De Sestos. besides thciic 3 which all this lime br
in our company, whose nancs be these :

The Espoier of Hablenefl' which is the Admirnll, whose captaine is Denis filundell.

The Leuriere of Roan Viceadmirail, whose nmstcr is lerome Baiidct.

The other is of Hunfleur whose muster is called lohn dc Orleans.

The sixteenth day I went along the shore with two pinnasses of the Frenchmen, and found
a Bale and a fresh riuer, and after that went In a lowne called Ilania, twelue leagues beyonf!
the Cape. At this lowne our Negros were well knowen, and the men of the lowne wept (cr
ioy when they saw them, and demanded of them where Anihonie and Rinne had bene: and
they told them that they had bene at London in England, and should bee brought home thr
next voyage. So after tliis, cur Negros came aboord with other Negros which brought a weifjli;
with them, which was so small that wee could not giuc them the halfc of that which they df-
maunded for it.

The Nejiros here told vs that there were fiue Portugall shippes at the Caslle and one \m-
naase, and that the Portug.iis did much harme to their Counlrcy, and that they lined in fcirc of
them, and we told them againe, thai we would defend them from the Portugals whereof thrv
were very glad.

The 17 day we went a shore and the Frenchmen with vs, but did no great good, the Ne-
gros were so vnreasonable, we sold 80. Manellios for one ounce of gold.

Then wee departed and went to Shamma, and went into the riuer with fiue boates well .np-
pointcd with men and ordinance, and with our noises of trumpets and drummes, for we ihnught
here to haue found some Portugals but there were none : so wee sent our Negros on shore, and
after them went diuers of vs, and were very well receiued, and ihe people were very i>!ad
of our Negros, specially one of their brothers wiucx, and one of their aunts, which receiurd
them with much ioy, and so did all the rest of the people, as if they had bene their naiiirall

brclhrea:

M. Wit. To-wrwn 2.

M. WU. Towrion t. TRAFnQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

499

is place is called Biillf,

brethren : we comforted the captaine and told him that hee should not feare the Portugals,

for wee would defend hitn from them: whereupon we caused our boat* to iihoote off their

basefi and harquebusses, and o-auMd our men to come on shore with their long bowes, and

they shot before the captaine, which he, with all the rest of the people, wondred much at,

specially to see them shoot so farre as they did, and assaied to draw their bowes but could not.

When it grew to be late, we departed to our ships, for we looked eucry houre for the Porlu-

gals. * And here the Ncgroa shewed vs that there was an Englixh ship at the Mina, which *Naie.

had brought one of the Ncgros againe, which Robert Gaynnh tooke away. R***" oiyriH.

The 18 day we went into the riucr with no lesse strength then before, and concluded with
the Ncgros to giue them for eucry FuW'e two v.irdn and three nailes of Cloth, and to take for
it one angel-duckat: so that we tooke in all 70 Duckats whereof the Frenchmen had fortie,
and wee thirtie.

The nineteenth day wee went a shore cuery man for himselfe, and tooke a good quantitie
of gold, and 1 for my part tooke foure pound and two ounces and a halfe of gold, and our
Ilartex boate tooke one and twentie ounces. At night the Ncgros shewed vs that the next day
the Portugal:! would be with vs by land or by Sea: and when wee were ready to depart, we
heard diuers harquebusscs shonte off in the woods by vs which wee knew to bee Portugals,
which durst come no neerer to vs, but shot off in the woods to see if they could feare vs and
so make vs to leaue our tralRque.

The 2U day we manned our fiue boats, and also a great boat of the Frenchmens with our
men and the Admirals, Vi of them in their murrians and corsets, and the rest all well ap«
poynted, with foure trumpets, a drumme and a Fife, and the boate all hanged withstreamen
of Silke ai,d pendants very faire, and went into the riuer and trafliqued, our man of warre
lying oflTand on in the riucr to waft vs, but we heard no more of the Portugals. This day
the Negros told vs that there were certain ships come into Hania, which towne is about 2 Huta.
leagues to the Westward of this place.

This 21 day we manned our boats againe & went to a place a league from this to the West-
wards, and there found many Negros with another Captaine, and sold at the same rate that
wee had done with the others.

The 22 day we went a shore againe and traffiqued in like sort quietly, and I tooke 4 pound
and six ounces of gold.

The 23 day about night the Negros with their captaine came to vs and told vs that the
king of Portugals ships were departed from the Castle, meaning the next day to plie to the
windward to come to vs, giuiiig vs warning to take heed to our selues: we told them againe
that wee were very glad of their comming, and would be ready at all times to meet them,
and to assure them that wee were glad of it, wee sounded our trumpets, and shot off certaine
bases whereof the Ncgros were very glad, and requested vs that if the Portugals sought to
hinder our tnttfique, to shew them all the extrcmitie that we could, promising vs that if they
came by land, they would aduertise vs thereof.

The 24 we went a shore with our trumpets and dnimmes, and trafliqued, and I bade the
captaine of the towne to dinner.

The 2."! day we being a shore, our ships had descried fiue sailes of the king of Portugals, Fiumileiof
& our shijw shot of!" ordinance to call vs away, and we threw euery man his caske ashore for ^"j™''*"'"'
water, and went to our ships, and by that time we had weighed and giuen order one to ano-
ther what to do, it w.is night, so j' that night nothing was done. We set saile and lay close
all night to get the wind if we could : we were neere some of them, and one shot off a piece
which wee iudged to be the Admirall of the Portugals, to cause the rest to come and speake
with him: so all this night wc made our sclucs ready for fight.

The 2<» we came in with the shore and had sight of the Portugals where they rid at anker,
and we bare with them, and we gaue all our men white scarfTes, to the ende that the French-
men might know one the other if we came to boording: but the night came vpon V9 that we
could not fetch them, but we ankered within demie-Culucring shot of them.
The 27 day »ve weighed and so did the Portugals, and about eleuen of the clocke wee had

J S 2 the

l.F!

■ h: 111

li i1. J

.;'! '-ll

Mf 1

it ' ' I

500

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Jit. mi. Tnwrmi 2,

Tlir fiKht with
the Porti£4l>f

Ihf Frtiith fi'p
lake our mrn<

the wind of ihctn, and then wc went roome with them, whirh when they perceiiied, tliev kept
about to the shore ai;aine, and wee after ihem, an<l when ihey were >.o neere the >h(irc iliat
they could not well riuinc any further on that boord, they kejit about ii^iiine, and lav lo the Sea-
ward, and then we kept about wit' ' -m, and were a head of them, and tnokc in our tup.
sailcM and laried for them : and ..jc .imt that came vp was a small barke which siiileil so well
that she cared not for any of \>, and caried Rood ordinance; and as soone as she canu- \p,
she shot at vs, and ouershot vs, and then she shot at the Adniirall of the Frenchmen, and
shot him lhrouj;h in two or three places, and went forth a head of vs, because we were in imr
fighting sailes : then came vp another caraueil vnder our l.ee in like case which shot at \s
and at the Frenchman, and hurt iwo of his men anil shot him ihrou);li the maine ma-te. Anil
after them came \p the Admirall vnder our Lee also, bul he was not able to doe vs so nuidi
harme as the small shipjics, because he caried ordinance hif;iuT then they, neither were we
able to make a ijood shot at any of them, because our shi|)p<' was so weake in the side, ili;,)
she laid all tier ordinance in the Sea: wherefore we lhou;;ht to lay the sjreat ship abcuril, ami
as soone as the French Admirall went roome with him, he fell a sierne and ctnild not Irich
him, and after he fell asterne of two caraucls more and couM lef( h none of ihcni, but fell to
Leeward of them all: and when he was to I.ecward, he kept about to the shoreward, am! Jdi
vs, and then wc |)Ut out our topsailes and jjaue them chase, and both the other I'reiuhmen kept
the wind, aiul would not come neere \«i, and our owne ship was a steriie so thai she could mi
come to vs: and after wc had folowcd them about two hmiies to the seaward, tliev kept ahc m
a^aine towards the shore, thinking to jiav vs as thev NNcnt aloni,' by, ami to h.iue the uind 1 1
the French Admirall whi( h bd'ure ran in towards the shore, aiul we kept about with them, ami
kept still the wind of them thinking that our Viceadmiral and the other would bane f(ilo\Mi|
vs as wee willed them to do; but after that the I'ortugall was past by ihcni, a:ul < nerv auv
had shot at vs and our Vireatlniirall, both our \'iceadniirall and the two Frenc hnien, iV our owni'
pinnasse left vs in the laps, and ran to seaward, and we ran still along, anil kept the wind 1 1
them to succour the French Admirall, who was vnder all of llieir l.ecs, and \*lien they met
with him, euery one went roome with hini, aiul >.'aue him the brnail si<le, ami after they ra-t
about a'4aine, and dnr-t not boonl him, becnnsc lliev sawc \s in the weather of them, ore!,
without doubt they had taken cr sunke them, for three of them which were the smallest, went .
fast that it was not possibli- lur a ship to bo'iitl llieni, and c.iiicd sii< li ordinance that if ili(\
had had the weather of vs, thev w ulil haue troubled ',{ of tlu- best shi|)s that we had, and . ,
for their Admirall and Viceadmirall thev were- both notablie ap|iointed.

When the Freiuliman was dcare uf ilifin, bee laie as neere the windc as hee (onlil, an,l
wee followeil them still to\vardes the shore, and then the Admirall raniw to Sea after therc-r.
and left vs all alone: and when the I'orliivals peneined that we wer<" nlonc, and gane ilirm
chase, they kept about with vs and we with them, to keepe the wind of them, and wc raiwii'
still within base shot of them, but tliev shot not at vs, because we had the weather tif them,
and sawe that they could do \s no hurt : ami thus we folowcd one another vntil ninht, aii<l la
the night we lost them, but as for all the rest of our ships, ihev packed vn all the sailes ilia'
they could an 1 ranne to sea, and as ilic\ tl;,...'selues confessc, they praied for vs, Init as for
heipe at their hands we could haue none.

The "^8 day we'met with our \'iceadinirall, our |)'nnasse, and two of the Frenchmen, nml
the third was. fled which was :• ship of fourscore tunne, and belongetl to Uoan : and when I
had the sight of the re«t of ()nr ships, I tooke our skidc and went to them to know whv lliiv
lost vs in such a case, and lolui kire made me answere that his ship wonM neitlur reare nor
sfeere, and as for the pinnasse, lolri Dauis mailc me answere that she would doe nothing, :in(l
that he could cary her no further, for her rudder was broken, so that the llarl wasylad to umv
her. Then I went to the French .\dmirall, and fouiul himselfe to be a man of good stomat kc,
be die one halfe of his men were sit ke ami dead : and then I talked \> ilh the smaller Fniirli-
man, and he made mec answere that he lonld doe nothing, saving, tiiat bis ship would hcarc
no saile, and had 10 of his men dead and sicke, so he maile vs plai le answere that he was
able to due nothing. After this the Frenchmen durst not anker for fearc of the l^irtugales.

■fhe

:\\^y

\'' :• 1

/. mi. Towrmi 2.

crcc'mcd, tlirv kept
ire re ll>f ■"huro lliat
•,;iiul lay totlic Sc:i-
I tcHiko in our tup-
wliidi »;iilc<l so well
)i)f HM shr raiiu' vp,
he rrcnchmni, nnd
raiisc wP v/CTV in (uir
a>.c wliii'h j-hdl at v^
maii)r iTia''ti'. Anil
li- to (Ice vs SI) nuidi
c\, nrilluT were we
kc ill lh<' »iil<'. Iliiit
rcat ship aluMinl, ami
and coulil not t'riih
of them, but IVII lo
(• sluiroward, ami Irli
llur iTf nchnini krpi
xo that she fdiilil iK'i
ward, tlie\ kept aln ut
id to h.iue the uiiiil > I
t alxilil with them, ami
•r would haiie I'lilnwiil
them, aad < iierv cm'
renchnien, I'v oiirowiu'
and ke|)l the wind d
1, and \>hen they nin
lie, and alter they i ;i-i
veaiher ol' them, ir i :.
re the sinalUNl, wenl •
(irdinaiue that if llin
lips that wc had, ami .<
I.

\iiule ax hee coiiKI, ni;.l
iiie to Sea after the rf«t
i- aloiK-, and ijane ilifin
<if theni, and we rnnin'
ad the weather of tluni,
itlier vnlil niKhi, ;iii>l i:i
^ed on all the -aiU"^ ili !'
praied for vs, hut as li r

of the iTenchnieii, nnil

eti to lloaii : and \slitii I

I) them to know whv tiny

would neither rcare imr

would doc luithinir, ;inil

the Hart wasulad to tiwc

a man of jtood stmnai kr,

with the smaller I'lrmii-

tiiat his ship would liearc

i le answere that he w.w

fcare ol ihc rortiigales.

■fla-

M. Will. Towrson 9.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

501

The 29 day the tnastor of the piiina-cse came to vh and sayd that ihcy \«en not able to kec pc
her any lonjjcr, and then wee vicvvcil her and seeing; there was no reinedie, her rudder with
all the iron worke bcinj; broken both aloft and belowc, wcc aj^reed to brcakc her vpand to |)iii
the men into the Hart. So we tooke out of her foiire bases, one anker, and certainc lire wood,
and set her on (ire, and afterwards ran alonp; the coast.

The thirtie day we went in to the shore, and spake with certainc Ne^ros, who told vs that
snmc French shippes had bene there, but wee could not ba.'j;ainc with them they were ho
vnreasonabjc.

The .']! day I went lo shore but did not trallikc.

The 1 (lav of Kcbrnarie we wci;4hed, seein;^ we could not bring the Nej^ros to any reason,
and came to another place which sfanileth \pon an hill.

The third day I went to a towne fourc leagues from vs, and shot o(T' two pieces, and the
Captaine came to v-i, and I sent Thomas liippen a land who knew the Captaine, and assoone
■^^ he came on shore the Captaine knew him and diners of the Ncjjros who then began to
aske for inee, and hauiiiif told the Captaine that I was in the boate, hee made no longer
t:ir\inc but by and by caused twf) boaies to be put to the .Sea, and came to me himselfe, and
when he sawe me, he crved to me before hee came to the boat and seemed to be the gladdest
man aline, and so did ail the companie th.it knew mce, and I gaue him a reward as the maner
of the Coiiiitrcv is, and caused the rrenehmen to giue another, promising the next dav to
giiie him wmc: and th:it ninht berause it wa> late, lie Wllul(^not talkc of any price, but left
me a pleil:;e, .ind tonkc another of me and so departed

The ^ d.iy going on shore, I f iiinil that the ships of Kran<'e which had bin there, had dune
mulh hurt lo our markets, but yet i lookc line ounces .iml a halfe of gold.

The lift (l.iv I tiioke eight omii-es and one eight part of gold: but I saw that the Negros per-
cciiied the iliHereiice in ("loth betwivt ours and tint which the Frenchmen had, which was
better, and broader then ours: and then I told captaine lihindel that I would goc lo the Lee-
ward, because I |)erceiued that being there where his Cloth wa* sold, I should do no good,
whereof hee was sorie.

The () ilay there came an almade i*i: Negros abnord me, reipiesting me to come to
their towne for thev ha.l much t;oId and manv marcliants: and so I went and found flieir
old Captaine '^onc. and another in his pi ice: but this ni^lit wee did no good, because the
ni.irchants were nut come downe: so he rcipiircd a jilcdgc which I let hiin banc, and tooke
amither of him.

■flic 7 day (iinrge our Negro came to vs, wlio had followed vs at tiie least 30 leagues in n
>mall boat, and wlien he came, the Negros and we sooiu- concluded of price. I tooke this
dav hue pound and one ounce, and .'{ ipLirlers of gold. This Negro we had left at Shamma
:it the time of the light, who >.aid that he s.iw the liulit being on shore, and that when we were
i;iine from the I'ortiig.iU, the I'drtuit-ils came into their riiier, and told them that the Knulish-
miMi hid slaine two I'ortiig.ils with a piece, which was in deed out of our ship, and tlipv re-
([iiired harlionr there, but the cajXaiiie of Shamma would not siitVer them.

The S day we tooke nineteeiie pound three ouiiees and a halfe.

Tlie y diy we tooke two p unid six ounces and a halfe.

The It) <lay three pound.

The 1 1 ilav came to vs lerome lUwdcf the Viceadmiral of the Frenchmen and his pinnasse,
and he shewed vs that where we left them there was no good to be done, and sa\d he would
goe to the Kastward, but wee told him hee should not : and thereupon eoniaiau'uled him to
tjiic to his ciim|)anv which he was appointed to bee with, which hee refused to doe viitill wee
had shot three or foure pieces at their pinn.isse, and when the ship sawe that, she kept about,
and ranne to Seaward, ami <lur>t come no iieerer to vs, so the piniuisse went after her. We
tiioke this dav one pound liiiC ounces.

The I'i day there came one of the Frcnchniens pinnasses to vs lade with cloth, and wculd
hjiie made sale, but 1 would not sullicr him, and thcrcfoie tooke liiin and sent him aboord

FtltUMi'

Cicorsr our
Nfjto.

Two Portiieals

sliirir ty tlie
Eligliih.

Thf FfCiKliinen
'jtidlcd by iIk
Eiijlikh.

^\ :

- \ '

c''\

)k' !''■■' / ill !■ i"

HOf V0YA0B8, NAUIOATIONS. M. Will. T\)wriion 2

of our ship, and caiiMil him to ride tiiere all day. We tooke flue pound aix ouncei and a

halle.

The 14 day we tooke of itnme NeKrox 4 ounce* or gold.

The 1(1 wc came to another towne.

The 17 day I went a shore and viKlfrnlood that S of the Portugall ahipa were nt the CaMlp,
and the other two at Shamina. The raplaine of thi^ towne wa< gone to the prinripail li.wnr,'
10 itpeakc with their king, and would returne ahorily a* they told me, and m he did, and
brought mc a weight and measure, and I Hcnt a man to hcc lh.1t principal! towne. and tju.jr
kins. The Porlui'all nhipn rid no neerc v«, that within ii home* they might be with vi«, jft
were all contented to tanr for nalea.

The IH day cerlainc of the kingi leruants came <o va. and we tooke one (xiund two
inmce^, nnd one eight part of gold.

The lU day we lookc (iue pound one ounce.

The 'M day one |M>und and foure nunrea.

The 'J I I tooke foure pound and one ounce, and the Negree* enquired for flne clmh, and
I (ipcnrd iwo piece* which were not fine enouKh, a* they —y<\. but i«eeing that wc had im
(ilhcr, they bought of them. At night I prouided a gilt, or pre«rnt, and aent one tnarrh;int
and a inurincr with it to the king, t.> certilc him of our want of \iciuaU, by reavnn wlirrrof
we could not itiay long : for in deed we aearched our ahip. and the most part of our bctn:
wuK leaked out of all our barrel*.

The '^ day we tooke three ounce* and a halfe.

KinfAbun, I'hc 23 our men came from the king Abaan, and told v*, that he had rereiued the vtr)

rriciully, but he had liile gold, but promiaed, if we would tary, to iiend into all hi« ronnircv

i>ter<r ofikc for gold fur v*, and he willed our men at their comming home to *peake to our king to <ii'nl

tniVI'u buiij '"•'" '""* prouition into hit countrey, to build a cantie, and to hrin^^ 'jailor* with llicm, ti

make them npparell, and good ware*, and they Hhould be aure to itcll them: but for that pre-

tent the Frenchmen had filled them full of cloth.

Thi.s townr siandrth about fixirc lea)<uc>* vp in thr land, and i*, by the eiitimaiion i<( (nr
men, a« bin in circuit a* London, but the building u like to the rest of the cuiintrcy. Thpv
haue about thi» Towne great *lore of the wheate of the Countrey, and they iutlge, ihji ( ii
one side of the towne there were one ihoutund rikc« of Whcaie, and another sort of (.'(irnr
which i* called Mill, which iit «"jh vsed in Spaine. .\bout this towne they kcepe go(Kl \».ii h
ciiory nisht, and hauc to warnc the watchmen crrlaine corHes made fast oiu-r their w.uf.,
>tliiri) lead into the towne, and certaine bels vpon them, fo that if any man touch the (order
the I>cIh ring, and then the watchmen runne foorth of their watch houses to see what the \ Iw-
and ii" they be enemies, if they paisr the coni, they haue prouision with certaine nets harii;ril
oucr the wave*, where they must pas>e, to let fall vpon them, and sd take ihcm, and othir.
wImc then by the wayes it is not possible to enter the towne, b\ reason of the thickets .md
bushes which are aliout the name, and the towne is alsti walled round about with lon^; r<irJ\
and bound toi^cther with sed>;e and certaine barke* ol tree*.

When our men came to the •ownr, it wa» about flue of the clock in the mornin;;, for ilifrr

il)ey Irauell alwayo in the night by reason of the heate of the dav : and about nine of tin

I locke, the king sent for them, for there may no man come to liiui heftirc he be sent for, anii

then they would liane caried their preoenl with them: but the Negro* told them, that \hc\

Thfi.r.fi ,„i,,t |,ce three times brought before him, before they might otter their gift; and when ilirv

tli'.'mlnt' ui our cuuie lo him, he talked with them, and receiued them very friendly, and kept them about

"■•"• halfe an houre, and then they departed, and alter that sent (or them auuine three times, and

last of all, they brought him their present, which he receiued thankfully, nnd then caused a

pot of wine of I'alme to be brought foortli, and made them drinke: and before they drlnko

both here and in all the Countrey, they \se cerlainc ceremonies.

i!.-i, cftcmo- First ihey bring foorth their pot of drinke, and then they make a hole in the iiroiim!,

•iriia drinking. . ' rii'i- ■ i . I'li «• ..

& put .<iume of *' innke into it, and they cast the earth vpon it, which they digged forili

beforf,

1 t'xtt.

A town in rii

cult 41 bl| It

Lunddn.

A ptritc d">.>i4
f . ^cl.rt lllc
i-rti*.

JH. Witt. Tovrton %. TRAFPtQUES. AND t>I9C0tmRIES.

okc one pound two

brfore, and then thry net the pnt vpon ihr oamr, then thev take a litle thinf; made nf a f^norii,
and with that thpy take nut ol the ••ame driiike. and put it vpnn the f^round in three pl.iren,
an.l in diuew placeit they haue certaine bunthet of the piln of Palme tree* «et in the jjroiid be-
fore ihem, and there they put in aomc drinke, doing great reuercnce in all place* to the name
Palme tree*.

All these ceremnniea flr-.t done, the king tookt a cup of gold, and they put him in wine,
and hee drankc of it, and when he dranke, the people cried all with one voire, Ahaan, Abaan,
with rerlaine other worda, like a* they cry commonly in Flander*. vpo the Twelfe night, The
kinniiig drinkn: and when he had drtinke, flic 'hey gaue drinke to cuery one, and that done,
the king liren-ed them to depart, and euery one that departcth from him bowcth 3 time* to-
wards him, and waueih wi'h Doth handji together, an they bow, and then do depart. The king
hath commonly sitting by nim 8 or 10 ancient men with gray beards.

Thi't day wc tooke one pound and 10 ounceH of gold.

The 24 day wc tooke 3 |i'«ind .,nd 7 ounce*.

The 25 we tooke 3 ounce* and ^ quarters.

The 2(i wc tooke 2 pound and 10 ounces.

The 87 two pound and (iue ounces.

The 28 loure pound, and then seeing that there was no more gold to be had, wc weiglied
and went fonrth.

The first d.iy of March we came to a towne called Mowrc, but we found no boats nor peo-irf<w(<.
pie there: but bcinjj ready to depart, there came twi> Almadcs to vs from another fowiic, of
whom we tooke two ounces and a halfe of gold: and they tolde vs that the Ncgros that
dwrllcci at Mowre were gone to dwell at Ligoua. Liiom.

The srrond day wo came thwart of the castle, and about two leagues ofT, and there saw all Thiy t«tutM.
the liuc I'ortugall ships at anker, and this day by night wc fetched Shamma.

The third day we had sight of one tall ship, of about two hundred lunnes, in the wt-ather
nf vs, and within lessc then two leagues of our ships, and then wc saw two more a sfcrne of
hcT, the one a ship of liue hundred or more, and the other a pinnesse : and these were a
new licet at that present arriued out of Forlugall. Whereupon we wayed, and made shift shipi of Por-
t(i double nut of the land, and then the winde comming to the S<iuth-southwcsf, the Hart going '"''"'
rnnme with them fell three leagues to the leewards of vs. These Portugals gaue vs the chaste
from nine of the clocke in the morning, till flue at night, but did no good against vs. At
h<\, we peneiuing the Admirall to be larre a slerne of his company, because his maine tup-
inaM was spent, deterni'ncd to cast about with them againe, because we were sure to weather
ilirm, and llie winde being .-is it w.as, it was our best course ; but the Hart was so farre to the
Ircward, that wc roiild not doc it, except wc would hwc her company, so that we tooke in
snme of our sailes, and went mome with him : which when he perceiucd, h«; looD'cd to, and
was able to lie as neere as he did before. At night, when we came t^y him, he would not
spcake to vs : then wc .isked of his company why he went so rocme ; and they m-ide excuse
that ihey were able to beare no sailc by, for feare of bearing their fort topmast ouer boord :
but this was a simple excuse.

Th<" fourth day, being put from our watring place we began to seethe our meat in salt
water, and to rebate our allowance of drinke, to make it indiirc the longer : and so con-
iliidcd to set our course thence, for our owne countrey.
The 12 of March I found my sclfe thwart of Cape das palmas.

The IC day we fell with the land, which we iudged to be the Cape Mensurado, about which J^^'JPJ '^'"'•'
plare is very much high land.

The 18 day we lost sight of the Hart, and I thinke tl>c willfull Master ran in with the shore
of purpose to lose vs, being oflended that I toldc hini of his owne folly.

The 27 day we fell in sight of two small Islands, which lie by our reckoning sixe leagues Two imiii
(iV ihc headland of Sierra Leona: and before we came in sight of the same Hands, we made J''^"''' ""^ *" •
uur reckoning to be forty or thirty leagues at the least ofT thcin Therefore all they that sailc N«;t.

this

604

fc;.. Jo.

\OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

J»/. IVil. Towrson 3.

ft '.J tvjSf vnJci
«t.Kyf. th<t It
til. 5 tiMie tlieio
\^ji w;trrr bc-
l«iit I-.ii^ljiiJ

ihis wny ?ic til rt'gard the currents which .set Norihnortliwe.st, or cIs they may be much dc-
ceiuctl.

The 14 of Aiuil vc met witli two great .sliips of Portiigall, which although they were in
the weather of vs, yet came not roomc witli \s, wiicreby wc iudged that they were boiiiiil
for (" iliciit.

Tlie I.'"* day we were in ilic heigth of Cape verdc.

The 'it we were directly vnder tiie tropike of Cancer.

The (irst day of May Ilinry Wilson our Steward died : and the next day died lohn Vnder-
wiind.

The fift dav we were in the heigth of S. Michael.

The ti.'J we had >iglit of a .shippc in the weather of vs, which was a Frenchman of 1)0 tuiiiu-,
wlio came with v.s as stoutly and as desperately as might be, and conmiing neerc vs periciucil
that we had bene \ pon a lonn voyage, and iudgingvs to be wcake, as indeed we were, came
ncerer \<, and liiought to haue laved vs aboord, & there slept vp sonie of \\\> men in arniniir,
)ind ci'mnianded vs to strike saile : whereupon wc sent them some of our stulle, crosscbarrc-,
and cliaine--hol, and arrowes, so thicke, that it made the vpper wi rke of tlieir shippc nj;
al)oul their cares, aiid wc spoiled him with sll his men, and toare his shippe mi.scral)lv with
our great ordinance, and then he began to fall a sterne of v.s, and to packe on his saili-s, .hhI
getaway: and we seeing that, gaue him foure or (iiie good pieces more for his farcKcIl ;
and thus we were rid of this French man, who did vs no harme at all. NVe h;ul aboord \s j
I'rench man a Trumpelter, who being sicke, and lying in his bed, tooke his trumiat nci-
withstaiuling, and "omided till he could souml no more, and so died.

The 'is wc conferred together, and agreed to go into .Seucrne, and so to 15ri-toll, but the
same night we had sight of the I.i/ard, and bv rc.ison of the winde, we were not able i
dii\ib!e the lands end to go into Scuerne, but were forced to bearc in with the Lizard.

The 2[i dav, about nine of the docke in the morning, we arriued safely in I'limmouih,
and j)rai>ed God for our good arri'.iall.

The third and last voyage of M. William Towrson to the coast of (iuinie, and the
Castle de Mma, in the \eere I."j77.

Tile lliirlielh d.iy of laiiuary, the \eere abouesavd, we de))nrli'd out of the sound of l'li!r,.
mouih, with three ships, and a pinnissc, whereof the names are the.se :

I The Minion .\dinirall of the fleet.

;2 i'he Chri-iophcr N'iceadmirall.

'J The Tvgcr.

4 A jjinne.sse called the \'nicorne: being all bound for the Canaries, and from thence. In
tlie i.;ra( e of (lotl, to the coast of CJuinie,

The ne\t day, being the last of this muneth, \^e met wi;h two hulks of Dant/ii k, the oiii'
called the Kosc, a ship of f<nirc hundred tunnes, and the other tailed the Vnicorne, of :iii
hundred and lil'l\ tunnes, tl)c .Ma-ter nf the Hose was called Nit holas Mas«e, and the .Master
of ihc Niiiti'rne .Melchior Wliiic, both laden at Boiinieaux, and for the most part williwir.c-
When we came to lliem, wc caused them to hoisc fomih their boats, antl to come ami s|)(:il>i
with vs, and wc exaininei! euerv one tif them a|,'art, wli.it IVench mens gm tis they haJ i;,
llu'ir shi|)pes, and thcv said tliev had noiu- : but l)\ the contrarieties of tiu'ir talcs, aiulin
the Misjucion whicii wc gathcreii of their false chartar-partics, we peneiued th.it tliey li:iil
I'Venih mens goods in them : we therefore caused one of them to feti h vp his bils tif lading
antl because he denied that he hail an\, we sent ccrlaine with him, who caused him to t;'!'
to the place wheic he had hid them, and bv the dillercnccs of his billcs of hiding, and lii>
taike, we g.Ttliered, as befiTe, that thcv hail Frcnchmens gocds. W'hcrcupun wc c\ainini !
them sl:aii;litlv, arul (irst the I'ur-er of the Vnicorne, whii Ii was the smaller sliip|)e, t unfes-cl
that ihey had two and thiirv tunnes and a hog-head of a I'rcin h mans. T'k ii we i \;nii!iicd
the Mister in like < asp, and he it kntnvlcdgcd the same to be true. 'I'hen we examined ,i!s,i
the Master of the grc:'l .ship, and he confcsscil tliat he had an Inimlred and eight .ind Iwcni;.

ttUlIlCs

J\I. Wn. Towrson 3.
ey may be imith dc-

althoiiph flify nmtp in
that lUcy were boiiiiil

t day died lolin Vmlcr-

^rcnrhnnn of ".)() timiic,
rnig necre vs pcrciiiica
* in deed we were, came
c of l\is men in aniK.iir,
our stufl'e, crns-Tb.im ,
rke of their sW\\)\)i- t:ii
s shippe miNcr:il)lv wiih
p.icke on his •iailc-, ;\iul
more for his lariwrll ;
\\. We l>:id aboonl \- j
tookc bis triuiipit mi-
ld so to Iki-toll. but iIh-
Ic, we were not .iMc t
11 with the Lizard,
cd safely in I'limmcu!'.

t of (luinie, and li'.c

lit of the sound of rliir-
ese :

ries, and from theim', 1h

^idks of Dant/iik. the oik
died the Vniiorne, ol .ni
,I;\s M;\s«e, and tlie M;Mrr
r the nii-t part witl>\*iiH'-
^, aixl I" >■>""'" •'""' '•l"'-'''^'
' mens n<"'ds they hail i;.
lies of their tales, and !n
:• per. eined that ihey li;ul
IVlrh \p his bils of laihi':..
„, \sho ( aused him to .i"i'
s'hilles of ladin;;, and hi'
Wli.renpon we examniol
hc smaller shipi)e, .■onle>.c>
mans. Tlun we . vumiiuHl
Then we i>\an'.inid a-
ndred and ei-ht and i^i"';.
liiniK>

M. Wil. Towrson 3.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

505

tiinncs of the same French mans, and more thry would not confesse, but sayd that all the
rest was laden by Peter Lewgues of Hamburg, to be deliiicred to one Henry Summer of Cam-
phire, notwithstanding nil tlicir letters were directed to Hamburg, and written in Dutch with-
out, and within in French.

When they had confessed that they had thus muc'i French mens goods within their shippes,
wc conferred together what was best to be done with them. William Cretton and Edward
Selman were of the opinion, that it should be goo<l either to carry them into Spaine, and
there to make sale of the goods, or els into Ireland, or to returne backc againc into England
with them, if the winde would pern.it it. But I, waying what charge we had of our \fasters,
first by mouth, and aflerwanls by writing, that for no such matter we shoidd in any case pro-
long the time, for feare of losing the voyage, and considering that the time of the yeere
was very farre spent, and the money that we should make of the wines not very much, in
respect of the commodity which we hoped for by the voyage, perswaded them that to goe
into Ireland, the winde being Easterly as it was, might be an occasion that we should be
locked in there with that winde, and so lose our voyage : and to cary them into Spaine, .seeing
they sailed so ill, that hauing ali their sailes abroad, wc kept them company onely with our
foresailes, and without any toppe sailes abroad, so that in eucry two dayes sailing they would
haue hindered vs more then one; and besides that (the winde being Easterly) we should not
be able to sea/.e the coast with them : besides all this the lo.sse of time when we came thither
was to be considered, whereupon I thought it not good to carry them any further.

And as for carving them into England, although the winde had bene good, as it was not,
considering what charge we had of our M.xsters, to shift vs out of the way for feare of a stay
by reason of the warres, I held it not in any wise conucnient.

Hut notwithstanding all this, certcinc of our company not being herewith satisfied went to
our Master to know his opinion therein, who made them a plaine answere, that to cary them The Frencii
into any i;Iai'e, it was not the best way nor the profit of their Afastcrs. And he tolde them ""■"> e^'^J'

/. I ' I ■ I- I • 1 ' I I i , «« If axed in the

further, tliai il the tune were prolonged one nioneth longer before they passed the Cape, time of the
but a few men uould go the voyage. All these things considered, we all pau.sed, and de- "„|J"J'^j',^f
termined at the last, that euery man should take out of the hulks so much as he could well be-
stow for nece-isaries, and the next morning to conclude what should be further done with
thcin. .So wc tin>ke out of them for vs foureteene tunnes and a halfe of wine, and one tunne
we ])Ut into the pimie^sc.

.More we looke out one hogshcid of Aquauitai:,

.Sixe cakes of ro/.zcn.

A small haiser for lies: and ccrteinc chcsnuts.
The Christopher tooke out,

Ten tunnes of wine, and one hogshead.

A quantity of .Aipiaiiitac.

Shall-lines.

Chesnuts.

Sixe double bases with their chambers. And their men broke vp the hulks chests, and
tiioke out their compassi'», and running glasses, the sounding leade and line, and candles:
.'iml last some of their beefe oner board, and spoiled them so much, that of very pity we gaue
them a compas.se, a running glasse, a lead and a line, cerlaine bread and candles, and what
apparel of theirs we could findc in their ship, we gaue them againc, and some money also of
that which William Crompton tooke for the ransome of a poore Frenchman, who being their
Pilot downe the Hiuer of Hordcux, they were not able to set him a .shore againc, by rea.son of
the fouie weather.

The Tygeralso tooke out of the smailcr hiilke sixe or scucn tunnes of wine, one hogshead
of .\()uaiiii:e, and certcine ro/zeii, and two bases he tooke out of the great hulke.

The first day of Febniarv in the morning we all came together againc sauiiig W. Crompton
\tlio sent vs \v(jrd that he was contented to agree to that order which we should take.

Now Edward Selman was of this opinion, that it w,is not best to let the ships depart, but put

WL. II. 3 T men

mm*.

' m

Ml 'ii»

m <

i- .<-; , ■:"; I If 11

506

TwoF.ngl.ih
Mart: hints
l.ijjicii It) thr
OtanJ Ciiiarv,

The Spanish
Wfft Indiin
fleet uf nine-
lecnf uJIr.

Kio (kl Oru.

VraaciiCittclin.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

M Will. Towrion 3

men into them to cary them into England, which thing neither we nor our Ma"(fcr would agree
vnto, became we thought it not good to vnman our ships going outward, considering how
dangerous the time was: so that in fine we agreed to let them depart, and giue them the rest
of the wine which they had in their ships of the Frcnchmens for the fraight of that which we
had taken, and for their ordinance, rozzen, aquauilx, chcsnuts, and other things which tho
company had taken from them. So we recciiied a bill of their handc«, that they confessed
how much Frcnchmens goods they had, and then we let them depart.

The 10 day we reckoned ourselucs to be 2.) leagues from the Grand Canarie, and this day
abont nine of the clocke our pinnesse brake her i udder, so that we were forced to towe her
at the Sterne of the Minion, which we were able to doc, and yet kept company with the rest
of our ships. About ricuen of the clocke this day we had slight of the Grand ('anarie.

The II day when we came to the Hand we perceiucd that it was thclleof Teneril', Jt then
indeed wee had sight of the Grand Canaric, which lieth I'i Icigucs to the Kastwards of Tenerif :
and because the road of Tenerif is foulc ground, and nothing w.is tlicre to be gotten for the
helping of our pinnesse, hauing tlie winde large, we agreed to gn with the Grand C'anarie.

Tlic 12 day we came into the roade of the towiie of Canaric, which licth one league frdin
the same towne. And after we had shot ofl'diuers pieces of ordinance to salute the fnwno
and the castle, the gouernour and captaincs of the Hand sent to vs which were the capfaiiio-.
of the ships, requiring vs to come a shore. And when we came to them tliev receiiied vt
very frcndlv, fptl'ering vs their owne lennels to ride to the tow, e, .ind what other friendship
they could shew vs: and we went to the towne with two Englisi Marchants wiiich lay there,
and remained in their house that day. The second day following we came aboord to deliucr
our ni.iichandise, and to get our pinnesse mended.

The 14 day came into the road the Spanish fleet which was bound to the Kmperours Indie*,
wliich were in number ninetcene saile, whereof sixe were ships of fourc hundred and fine hun-
dred a piece, the rest were of two hundred, an hundred and lifty, and of an hinulrcd. When
thev were come to an ancre they saluted vs with ordinance, and so we did them in like c.^c.
And afterwards the Admirall (who was a knight) sent his pinnesse to desire me (o come !■
him; and when I came to him he receiiied me friendly, and was desirous to lieare somewh.ii
of the stale of England and Flanders. And after he had made me a banquet, T departed ; and I
being gone vnto the boat, hee caused one of his gentlemen to desire Francisco the I'ortiignll,
which was inv inter|)reter, to require nic to fiirle my llagge, declaring that hee was Genenill
of the Emperours fleet. Which thing (being come aboord) Francisco shewed me: and
because I refused to fiirle it, and kept it foorth still, certainc of the soiiUiiers in the shi|)s shut
diners harqucbiish shot about the ship, and ouer the flagge: and at the same time there came
certcinc gentlemen aboord our shij) to see her; to whom I savd, that if they would not caiKP
those their men to Icaue shooting, I would slioot the best ordinance I had thorow their sides.
And wl<e-i they perceiucd that I was od'ended, they departed, and caused their men of w.irre
an;l soiiKHers to shoot no more, and alieru.irds thev came to me againe, and loldc mc that
they h^,d punished their men. That done, 1 -hewed ihi-m the ship, and made them such cliceie
as I could, which they recciued very tliankfulK : and the dav following they sent for mec to
dino with them, and sent me won! that their Genend was very sory that any man should re-
qihre me to fnrlc my flagi^e, and that it was without his consent: and therefore he r'tiuesied
«ne not to thinkc any vngentlcncsse to be in him, promising that no man of his should nii.s-
demeane himseife.

The 1 J day v/e set sailc in the road of Grand ('anarie, and proceeded on our vovage.

The ""iO in the morning we had sight of the coast of Harbarie, and running ahmg the shore
we had sight of Rio del Oro, which licih almost vnder tlic trnpike of t'ancer.

The 21 dav we fciind our sclues to be in 20 degrees and a haife, which is the heigth of Cai)e
Dlank

The 2.') we had sight of the land in the bay to the Northward of Cape Verde.

The 26 I tookc FVancisco and Francis Castelin with me, and went into the pinnesse, and so
went to the Tygcr which wa.s iiecrcr the shore then the other ships, and went aboord her, and

with

it. Will. Towrson 3

M. Wil. Towrson 3.

TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

5(M

with her and the other ships we ranne West and by South, and West southwest, vntill about
foure of the clocke, at which time \vc were hard aboord the Cape, and then we ran in South- Cap? y«dt.
west, and beyond the Cape about foure leagues we found a faire Hand, and besides that two or !„„„ ii,„j,,
three Hands, which were of very high rocks, being full of diuers sorts of sea foule, and of
pigeons, with other sorts of land-foules, and so many, that the whole Hand was couercd
with tlie dung thereof, and seemed so white as if the whole Hand had bene of chaike; and
within those Hands was a very faire bay, and hard aboord the rocks eightcenc fadom water,
and faire ground. And when wc perceiued the bay, and vnderstanding that the Frenchmen Agrea- iradtof
had a great trade there, which we were desirous to know, we came to an ancre with the Tyger. l'^ c^e'velli!!'
And after that the Minion and the Christopher ancred in like case: then we caused the pin-
iiesse to runne beyond another Cape of land, to see if there were any place to trade in there.
It being neere night I tooke our cockeand theTygersskiffe, and went to the Hand, where we
got certainc foules like vnto Gannards: and then I came aboord againc and tooke two of the
Gannards wliich we had taken, and caried them to the captaine of the Christopher, and when
I had talked with him, I found him not willing to tary there, neither was I desirous to spend
any long time there, but onely to attempt what was to be done. The Master of the Christo-
pher tolde me he would not tary, being not bound for that place.

The 27 the Captaine of the Tyger and Edward Selman came to me, and lohn Makeworth
from the Christopher, and then we agreed to lake the pinnesse, & to come along the shore, be-
cause that where ws rid no Ncgros came to vs, and the night btforc our pini»esse brought vs
word that (here was a very faire Hand. And when I came beyond the point I :\.und it so, and a faireiiana
withall a gocxily bay, and we saw vpon the maine certaine Negros which waucd vs on shore, and J*'„7h Jl^j
then we came to an ancre with the pinnesse, and went a shore with our cocke, and they shew-
I'd vs where their trade was, and that they had Elephants teeth, muske, & hides, and offered vs Elephant, lenh
♦o fetch downe their Captaine, ifwc would send a man with them, and they would leaue a jjjjjj''""''

. dgc for him: then wc axkcd them when any ship had bene there ; and some of them sayd
!' ; in eight moneths, others, in sixe moneths, and others in foure, and that they were French-
men.

Then we |)ericiiiiiig the Chri.'topher not willing to tary, departed from them, & set saile with
the piiuips).e anil went aboord the Tyger.

The 10 day of Man h we fell with the coast of Guinea, fiue leagues to the Eastward of Cape Cabode Mome.
de Monte, beside a riiier called Kio das Falmas.

The 1 1 we went to the shore, and found one man that could speake some Portuguise, who
toldc vs that there were three French ships passed by; one of them two moneths past, and the
other onemoneth pa-it, At this place I receiued nineteene Elephants teeth, and two ounces
and halfe a quarter of golde.

The 12 we set saile to go to the riiier dc Sestos. fneil-ufc

The \'.i at night we fell with the same riuer. ""*

The 14 day we sent in our boats to take water, and romaged our shippes, and deliucrcd
such wares to the Chriitop' er and Tys^er, as they had need of.

The I.') we came tugether, and agreed to send the Tyger to another riuer to take in her
water, anil to see what she could do for graines.

.Nfter thai we tooke marchaiulise with vs, and went into the riuer, and there we found a Negro
which was borne in Lis'uone, left ihcre bv a ship of Portugal which was burned the last yere
;ii this riuer in (igliting wiih three Frenchmen; and he told vs further, that two moneths past
there were three Frenchmen at this place; and sixe weeks past there were two French snips
at the riuer; and (irteciie daycs p.ast there was one. All which ships were gone towards the
.Minn. Thisday we limke but few graines.

The \\) dav considering that the Freiichtuen were gone before vs, and that by reason of
tlie vnluilcsdinc aires of this ])lace foiirciecne of our men in tlie Minion were fallen sicke,
vce deterntiued to depart, atid with ail spciil to go to the Mina.

The 21. wee came to the riuer de Potos, where some of our boats went in for water, and iRiodtPowi.
went in with our cocke, and tooke 12 small Elephants teeth.

a T 2 The

.»< />

U \

508

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Will. TowrsonS.

Thty itut'it
fiiif tailp of the

The fight.

1.1 jui.

Perinnen.

Wcimha.
I'rrctow.
I'gi JIlJ.

The 23. day, after wc had taken as many teeth as we could get, about nine of the clocke
we set saile to go towards the Mina.

The 31 we came to Hanta, and made sale of certainc Manillios.

The first Aprill we had sight of fuie saile of I'ortugals, wlicrevpon we set saile and went off
to F?a to get the winde of them, which wee should haue had if the winde had kept his ordi-
nary course, which is all the day at the Southwest, and Wcst-southwcst : hut this day with a
flaw it kept all the day at the East, and East-southeast, so that the I'ortugals had the winde of
vs, and came roome with the Tygcr and vs vntill night, and broujjhf thcmsi-lucs all saiicono,
which sailed not so well as the rest, within shot of vs : then it fell calmc, and the wirule
came vp to the Southwest, howbcit it was neere night, and the Christopher, by meancs of Iht
boat, was about foure leagues to the leewards of vs. Wc tacked and ranne into the weather
of the Admirall, and three more of his company, and when we were neere him we spake ti>
him, but he would not answerc. Then we cast about and lay in the weather of him ; and (ast-
ing about he shot at vs, and then wee shot at him, and shot him foure or line times ihomw.
They shot diuers times thcrow our sailes, but hurt no man. The Tyger and the j)innes-ic,
because it was night, kept out their sailes, & would not meddle with them. Alter we liad
thus fought together 2 houres or more, and would not lay him aboord because it wa^ niglit, we
left shooting one at the other, and kept still the weather of them. Then the Tyger and the
pinnesse kept about and came to vs, and altcrwarde being leerc the shore, wc three kept
about and lay to the sea, and shot olTa piece to giue warning to the Christopher.

This night about 12 of the clocke, being very litle winde, and the .Master of the Tvfjcr
asleepc, by the ill worke of his men the ship fel aboord of vs, and with her sheare-honks mt
our maine saile, and her boat being betwixt vs was broken and suncke, with certaino m.ir-
chandise in her, and the siiips wales were broken with her outleger : yet in the ende we clear-
ed her without any more hurt, but she was in hazzard to be broken downe to the water.

The second day wc had sight of the Christopher, and were neere vnto her, so that I tudke
our boat and went to her. And when 1 came thither, they siiewed me, that after the I'driu-
gals had left vs, they went all roome with him, and about Iwelue a cloeke at night met l.i;ii,
and shot at him, and hee at them, and they sliot him thorow the sailes in diners places, and
did no other great hurt. .\nil when wc had \nderstoiid that they ii.id bene with him as \sell
as with vs, we agreed altogether to seeke them (if wee might lindo them) and keepe a wcj-
ther our places of tiaflique.

The third day we ran all day to the .Southwc>twards to seeke the I'ortugals, but could haue
no sight of them, and hailed into the shore.

The fourth day, when we had sight of land, we found that the currant had set vs iliirty
leagues to the Eastwards of our reckoning, which we wnondered af for the first land we made
was Lagua. Then I caused nur boat to he manned, and the Christophers also, and went to
the shore and tookc our Negro with vs. Ami mi shore we learned that there were liiure
French ships \pon the coast ; one at I'erinnen, which is six leagues to the Westwanl ol" Li-
guoa : another at Weamba, which is Inure lea. lies to the Estward of I.;igiioa ; a third at I'e-
recow, which is foure leagues Id tlie I'^a^lward of Weamba : and the fourth at Egrand, wliidi
is foure leagues to the Eastward of Perecow.

When we had intelligeiu e (d" these ncwes we agreed to to to the l^astwards with the I'rciuli
men to put them from their tralli(iue, and shot oil' two or three pieces in our boats to caiin-
the ships to way : and hauing bene about one houre vnder .saile, we had sight of one (d'.lie
French men vnder saile, hailing oil' from Weamba to whomc we gaue chase, and agreed in the
night for feare of ouershootin;; them, that the .Minion should (irsi come to ancrc, and after tiiiit
about three houres, the Tyger and the Christopher to bearc along all night.

The ."> <lay we fomul three of the Ereiu:h ships at ancre : one called La foye dc Ilonlleur, a
ship of 220 lunnes, another called the N'entereiise or small Hoebarge of llonfleiir, (d' 1(H)
tuu'ies, both ni)pertaining to Shawdet <d' Ilonlleur, the third was called the Mulct de IJatuille
a ship (d' 120 tiinnes, and this ,ihip belonged to certaine .Marchaiits (d'Koan.

When wc tame to them, wc determined to lay the Adnural aboord, the Christopher the

\ice-

M. IViU. TotvrsonS.

TRAFriQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

509

jrlujials, but could banc

Viccadmiral, :nd the Tvger the smallest : but when we came ncrc them they waycd, and the
Christopher being the hciidmost & the weathermost man, went roomc with the Admiral! : the
Roebarge went so fast th.it wee could not fetch her. The first that we came to was the Mu-
lct, and her wee laycd aboord, and our men entrcd and tooke her, which ship was the richest
except the Admirail : for the Admirall had taken about 80 pound of golde, and the Koeberge
had taken but 'i'i pound : and all this we learned of the Frenchmen, who knew it very well :
for thev were all in consort together, and had bene vpon the coast oFMina two moneths and
odde daycs : howbcit the Uocbarge had bene there before them with another ship of Diepe,
and a caraud, which had beaten all the coast, and were departed one moneth before our ar-
riuing there, and they three had taken about 700 pound of golde.

Assoone as we had layed the ship aboord, and left ccrtaine men in her to keepe her, we set
saile and gaue chase to the other two ships, and chased them all day and night, and the next
(lay vntill three a clockc in the alternoonc, but we could not fetch them : and therefore see-
ing that we brought our sclue-i very farre to leeward of our place, we left the chase, and kept
about againe to go with the shore.

The 7 dav I sent for the captainc, marchanis & Masters of the other .ships, and when they
came we weighed the golde which kc had from the Frenchmen, which weighed fifty pound
and line ounics of goKIc : tliis done we agreed to put men out of cucry ship into the prise to
keepe her.

The 12 day wc came to the further place of the Mina called Egrand, and being come to an
ancre, discharged all tlic niarchauts goods out of the prise, and would haue sold the ship with
the victuals to the Frenchmen, but because she was Icake they would not take her, but desired
vs to saui' their liues in taking them into our owne ships : then wc aj,rced to take out the vic-
tuals and sinke the ship, and diuide the men among our ships.

The 15 at night we made an end of discharging the prise, and diuidcd all the Frenchmen
c\cei)t (oure which were sicke and not able to hclpe themselnes ; which foure both the Chris-
topiier and the i'yger refused to take, leaning them in their ship alone in the night, so that
about midnight 1 was forced to fetch them into our ship.

The I,') of April, mooning our company for the voyage to Benin, the most part of them all
refused it.

The l(», seeing the vnwillingncsse of the company to goe thither, wc determined to spend
as Muuh tinu" vpon the coast as we could, to the end we might make our voyage, and agreed
to le:iue the Minion here at Egrand, the Tyger to go to I'ericow which is foure le.igues ofT,
and the Christopher to goe to Weamba, wliicii is ten leagues to the weatherwanl of this place:
and if anv of iheni both should haue sight of more sailes then they thought good to meddle
wilhall to come roome with their fellowes ; to wit, first tlie Christopher to come with the Ty-
ger, an«l then both they to come with vs.

We remaineil iti tliis place calleil Egrand, vntill the last day of /\pril,in which time many
of our men fell sicke : and si\e of them died. And here we could haue lU) trafliiiue with the
Negros but three or foure dayes in the weeke, and all the rest of the wecke they would not
come at vs.

The ;{of May not hauing the pinnesse sent vs with cloth from the other ships, as thev pro-
itii>c(l, we soide Fr»'iuh cloih, and gaue but liirce yards thereof to cuerv full'e.

The ■") day the Negros departed, and told vs tlity would come to \s againe within foure
(laves, which we iletermined there lo tary, although we had diucrs of our men sicke.

'liic 8 dav, all 'uir cloth in the Minion l)eing sold, I called the companv together, to know
whether they would tary the .-ale of the cloth taken in the prise at this |)Iace or no : they an-
swered, that in re>pect of the death of some of their men, and tlie present sicknesse of iwen-
lie more, they would nut tary, \)ut repaire to the other shi(is, of wliom they h.id heard nothing
since the 27 of April : and yet they had our pinnesse with them, onely to cary newcs from
one to another.

The'J day wc determined to depart hence to our fellowes, to see what they had done, and
to attempt what was to be done at the towne uf Don John.

The

The Engliih
boord the
rrcncbmcn.

Fifiy pound of
golde taken in
the Trcnth priie.

Btnii

Our men die c.t"
iickiie!5e.

SiAii...

«i

jin

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

M. W. Towrson 3.

^i^tf'f

¥'^ \

,^"^ If l>

'/ :..

fItflliK 'llv
v.. .*>.„-. I ^ V

M(i»r«.

Comistin-

Net'..!.

The 10 (lay in the morning wc sat saile to sccke the Christopher and the Tyger.

The II day the Captainc of the Christopher came to vs, and told vn that they could findc
small doings at the places were they had bene.

The 12 William Crompton and Tin our small pinnesse went to the Tyger and the Chrisito.
phcr at Perenine.

The 13 wc sent away the Tyger to Egrand, because we found nothing to doe at Perenine,
worth the taryiiig for.

The 14 our great pinnesse came to vs, and presently wc put cloth into her, and sent her
barke to Weamba, where she had bene before, and had taken there ten pound of golde.

The 15 the Minion came to vs, and the next day we went a shore with our boats, and fookc
but one ounce of golde.

The I'J day hauing set saile we came to an ancre before Mowrc, and there we tarried two
dr'.yes, but tooke not an ounce of golde.

The 21 we came to an ancre before Don lohns towne.

Tlic 22 we manni?d our boats and went to shore, but the Negros would not come at vs;
then the Captaine of the Christopher and I looke a skiflTe and eight men with vs, and went and
talked with the Kcgros, and they sayd that they would send a man to the great towne, where
Don lohn himsclfc lav, to aduertisc him of our commini^.

The 23 we went ashore againc, and the Ncgms toldc vs that this day the marchantsof Dor,
lohn would come downe: so wc tarrie<l there vntill night, and no man would come (o \.
but diuers of the Negros made vs signes to depart.

The 2i the Captaine of the Christopher tooke his boat & went to Mowre, and when he
came thithrr, crrtainc Negros rame to him to know the price of his wares, but in the ciij
there canu' an Almado, which he iikl;;ed came from the castle, and caused all the Negnn ti
depart from him : and when he saw ihev would come no more to him, he went ashore .n; .1
tooke rerfainc men with him, and then the Negros cast stones at them, &r would not sutler
them to come vp to their towne. And when they saw that, they tooke certaine of the .\l-
inades, and put then) to the sen, .ind afterwards departed. The same morning I went a shore
at Don lohns tounc, and tooke a while flag with me, but none of the Negros « ould con.e t •
me, \\liicli laiised \s to iiul;;c ih.Jt (lie roriiigals were in the towne. Alter this, our boat r.ime
to vs well manned, and I sent one man vp to the towne with a while lla;; in his hand, h.i
when he w;is come thither, all the Nei;rns went away & would not speake with liini. Tlmi
1 sent one alone into the woods .ifier them, but they in no c;ise would come to vs. U'lieii he
saw that, we tooke tweliie goats .ind f'oiirtecne hennes, which we found in the towne, .ud
went aboord without doini; anv further hurt to the towne; and when I rame al)0(>rd, I Idui.il
our pinnesse <-ome from Cormatin, which had taken there two pound iv (iue ounces of jrnlde
Then after much ado with the Iroward Mariners, we weni thitherwards with our ship, and the
Christopher went to Mowre,

The 2,T day the Master of the Christopher sent his boat to the shore for h.nla.st, and liio Ni -
gros would haue beaten the com|)nnv Ironi the shore, whereupon the <<>nip,iMv resisted iliem
and slew and hurt diuers <]f them, and liauing put them to flight, burned their li>wlie, n;.il
brake all their boats.

The 'if) (la\ our ))innesse ( nnir to \s from Cormatin, and had taken two pound iv eieiieii
ounces of golde: and lolin Shirilc lolrle vs that the Negroji of that place were very (!c»irou~
to liauc a ship come backe a^jaine to their towne.

The 11 we waved and went to Cormatin.

'i'lie 'is the Christopher rame to vs fnmi M"wre, and iraHiqued there two daves.

The second day of tune the 'fvgerranie to vs from Mgraiid, and the pinnesse from Wcainl ;i.
and they two had taken about filtv poun<l of golde since thev departed from \s.

'fhe 4 day we departed from Corniatin to plie \p to .Shamma, being not able to larv :\r.)
lonuer \pon the c(jasi lur lacke of victuals, and spe( iallv ofdrinke.

I'he 7 (lay we had sight of fine of the king of Purtugals ships which came to an ancre he-
.siilcs the c.xstle.

Tlic

M. W. ToviTson 3.

M. Wil. Towrson 3.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

,nd there we tarried two

Note.

The 8 day George and Binny came to vs, and brought with them about two pound of
goldc.

The 10 day in the morning I tooke our small pinnesse, and the Captaine of the Christopher
with me, and manned her well, and went to the castle to view the Portugals ships, and there
we found one ship of about 30() tunne, and foure carauels: when we had well viewed them,
we returned backc againe to our ships which we found seuen leagues at sea.

The 11 day in the morning we found our selues wel shot toward Shamma, & the Tygcr
with vs, but the Minion & the pinnesse had not wayed th^t night, so that we were out of sight
of them: and hauing brought our selues in the weather of the Portugals ships, we came to an
ancrc to tary for the Minion, or els we might haue fetched Shamma. At night the Minion
and the pinnesse came vp to vs, but > uld not fetch so farre to the weatherward as we, and
therefore they ancrcd about a ieag . weather The castle, and we waied in the Christopher,
and went roomc with her.

The 12 day the Tvger came roome with vs, and she and the Christopher finding them-
sclucs to stand in great need of victuals, would haue gone with the Portugals ships to haue
fetched some of them forth: hut our master and company would in no case consent to goe
with them, for fearc of hanging when we came home: and the other two ships being fully
minded to haue gone, and fearing that their ownc company would accuse them, durst not go
to them.

Alter thij, l)v reason of the want of victuals in the pinnesse, which could receiue no victu-
als from tiic otluT sliippcs, Init from vs oncly, we tooke out all our men, and put twelue
I'rcnchmen into her, and gaue them victuals to bring them to Shamma,

The 1?» clay the Tyger and Minion arriued at Shamma, and the Christopher within two
leagues off them, but could not fetch the windc by reason of the scantnesse of the winde, which
hall) l)pnes(>>,iant, that in (iftccne daycswchauc plied to the windewards but twelue leagues,
which before we did in one day and a night.

The'iO day I tooke our pinnesse, and went to the towne of Shamma to speake with the cap-
t:iinr, and he toKIc me that there was no golde there to be had, nor so much as a hen to be
l)oii;;hi, and all by reason of the accord which he had made with the Portugals, and I seeing
that (li']>artcd i)oacealily from him.

The '21 I put such things as we had into our small pinnesse, and tooke one marchant of our
ship, and another of the Tyger, and sent her to Ilanta, to attempt, if she could doe any
ihing there. That night thev could doe nothing but were promised to haue golde the next
(lay.

The next <lay (which w.ns the 2*i) being come, we sent our pinnesse to Hanta againe, but
there neither the (•ai)taine nor the Negros durst tralbkc with vs, but intiscd vs from place to
pl.ice, and all to no j)ur|)<)se.

This (lay wc put away our pinnes.se, with fine and twenty Frenchmen in her, and gaue
them siitli victuals as we could spare, putting fifteene of them to the ransome of sixe crownes
a man.

The '23 of lunc our pinnesse came to vs from Ilanta, and toldc vs that the Negros had dealt
very ill with them, and would not tralfike with them to any purpose.

The 'il we tooke our boat and pinnesse and manned them well, and went to the towne of
Sh.muna, anil because the Captaine thereof was become subiect to the Portugals we burned
the towne, and our men seeking the spoile of such trifles as were there found a Portugals
chest, wherein w.is some of his apparell, and his weights, and one letter sent to him from the
tastle, whereby we gathered that the Portug.ill had bene there of a long time.

The 'i.} (lay, ;iboul three of the clocke at afternoone, we set saile, and put into the sea, for
our relurne to Enjiland.

The List day of thismoneth wc fell with the shore againe, and made our reckoning to be
fiuhircne leagues to the weathcrwani of the place where we set off. When we came to make
the land, we found our selues to be eightecne leagues to the leeward of the place, where we
sit oil; which came to passe, by reason of the extreamc currant that runneth to the Eastward :Tht..rfi«:.

when

They put the
Frenchmen with
victuah into Uir
pinnesse.

Shammi burnt
by the £ntluti.

Their reruioe
homewaiJ.

Ifl«

VOYAGES, NAUKJATIONS,

M. Wil. Towraon 3.

i> 1'

ira 1

li.,i'»

■:*Ia

JpJl llP'fflf ' Si.

^, Theme lUnd.

The dewriplion
rf the lie of 3.
Thome.

The Hind of
^mIi.

'I ii^ freii incon-
ii*ni«-iice Ity Ijtc
htiyins vpon the
C'Witof Ciuinic,

when vie pcrcciiicd our welucs so abufwd, we agreed to cast about againe, and to lie m nccrc
the windf as we rould, to fetch the line.

The seucnth of Inly we had sight of the He of S. Thome, and thought to haue sought the
road to haue ancred there : but the next morning the winde came about, and we kept our
roursc.

The ninth, the winde varying, we kept about againe, and fell with the Hand of S. Thome,
and necking the road, were brralmcd neere the Hand, and with the currant were put necrc
the shore, but could haue no ground to ancrc: so that we were forced to hoise out our pin-
nesse, and the other •(hips their skiffs to towe from the Hand, which did litle good, but in ihc
cnde the winde put vs three lra^;ues off the shore.

The tenth dnv the Christoplicr and tiie Tyger cast about, whereby we iudgcd them to haue
agreed together, to goe seeke some ships in the road, and to leaue vs : our men were not
willins; (n gnc after them, for fcare of running in with the Hand againe, and of putting our
sehics into the same danger that we were in the night before : but we shot otl' a piece, nnd
put out two lights, and they answered vs with lights againe: whereupon we kept our coiirvr,
nnd thought tlint they had followed vs, but in the morning we could not see them, so that
thev left vs willingly, and we delcrniined to follow them no more. But the cicuenth ibv
we altered our opinion and course, and consented to cast about againe for the Hand, toscckc
our ship-i; and aliout foure of the dorke in the afternoone we met with them.

The 13 we fell againe with the Hand of S. Thome; and the same night we found our scluts
directly vnder the line.

This Hand is a very high Hand, and being vpon the West side of it, you shall sec a very liii;li
pike, which is very small, and streight, as it were the steeple of a church, which pike licil)
directly viuler the line, and at the same South end of the Hand to the Westward thereof licih
a small Hand, about a mile from the great Hand.

The tiiird of .\ugust we departed frO tlie He of S. Thome, & met the winde at the Soulli-
west.

The I'i dav we were in the height of ("ape venle.

The 'iy day we fell with one of the Hes of Cape verde, called the He of Salt, aiul l)ciii<; iii-
forincd by a .Scolish man that we tooke among the Frenchmen vpon the co.i!.i, that there \\cri'
fre-h victuals to be had, we came to an ancrc there.

The'i,'} dav in the morning we manned our skitfe, and went a shore, and found no house*,
but we saw fourc men, which kept thcm<elues ulwayes farre fnmi vs, as for cattell we a iild
(inde none, but urcat store of goats, and they were so wilde, that we could not take .iIkmic
three or foure of them: but there we had };ood store of li.sh, and vpon a small Hand wiiiih l,iv
bv the same we had great store of sea-birds

At night the Christopher brake her cable, and lost an ancre, so that she could lary no li)ii;;f r.
so we all \>ayed, andscf saile. Vpon the same Hand we left the Scotish man, which was the
occasion of our going aland at that place, but how he was left we could not tell: but, as y,e
iudged, the pco|)lc of the Hand found him sleeping, and so caried him away : for at uinhi I
went mv sclfe to the Hand to seeke him, but could hear nothing of him.

The "il day the Master of the Tyger came aboord vs, & tolde vs that his nu-ii were so wcnki',
and the ship|)e so leake, that he was not able to keepe her aboue the water, and ihcrcfuri'
rccpiested vs to go backe againe to the Hand, that we might discharge her, and giiie her \\y.
but we intreated him to take paine with her awhile, and we put a French Carpenter into lur,
to see if he could findc the leake. This day we tooke a view of all our men, both those ih.n
were hole, and the sickc also, and we found that in all the three ships, were not aboue thiriv
sound men.

The y.J we had sight of the He of S. Nicholas, and the day following, of the other lies, ,S.
I.ucia, .S. Vincent, and S. Anthony ; which foure Hes lie the one from the other Northwest
and liv West, Southeast and by Fast.

The yt) we came againe with the Hand of S. Anthony, and could not double the Cajic. Thi>
day Philip lones, the Master of the Christopher, came aboord vs, wiio had beene aboonl the

Tvner,

M. Wit- Towrion 3.
(, and to lie as nccrc

It to haue sought the
It, and wc kept our

lie Hand of S. Thome,
rant were put necrc
to hoisc out our pin-
l lillc good, but in the

• Judged them to haue
kH : our men were iu)t
,c, and of pultiiin mir
. shot off a picf*". ""'I
on wc kept our awrso,
not see them, so llui
But the clcuculh iliy
,. lor the Hand, to scckc
;h them,
ght we found our mUiin

you shall see a vers l«i.:'i
hurch. which \)ikf licil.
e Westward thereof licih

the windc at the Soiuh-

llc of S;ilt, and beiiii; in-
the cu.iM, that ihiTiMMTo

ore, and found iio h.xiscs

as for cattell wc (miW

\vc could not tAc nlxnic

,n a small Hand wind. 1..;

It she could lary "<> 1""?"'
,„tish man, which vsa-itho

■ouldnot tell: hut. a'* v^'
him away : for at niiiln I

f him.

that his men were Ml wraU,

the water, and therefor,-
rneher, and }:iue hcrvp'.
French Carpenter nUo lur,
1 our men. both those i''"
l,ips, were not alxuie thiriy

.,„i„p, of the other 1U-, S.
from the other Norihwot

I not double the Cai"-' ■'■';''
who had beenc abo.-nl ilu-
■lv;;ir,

M. Wa, Towrion S.

TRAFFrQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

518

Th«Ty<u
I'lucn V)).

Tyger, and tolde v<) that they were not able to kecpe the Tygcr, became she was leake, and
the Master very weake, and sayd further, he had agreed with the Master and the company,
that if the next day wc could double the Hand, we whould runne to the leeward of it, and
there discharge her : but if wc could not double it, then to put in betwixt the Hand of S.
Vincent and S. Anthony, to see if wc could discharge her.

The third day of September I went aboord the Tyger, with the Master and Marchants with
me, to view the shijipe and men : and we found the shippe very leakc, and onely six labour-
ing men in her, whereof one was the Master gunner: so that we seeing that they were not
able to keepe the ship, agreed to take in the men, and of the goods wl»t we could saue, and
tlien to put the ship away.
The fift day wc went to discharge the Tyger.

The eight day, hauing taken out the artillery, goods, victuals, and gold of the Tyger, we
gauc her vp "ib degrees by North the line.
The 27 we had sight of two of the lies of the Azores, S. Mary, and S. Michael.
The fourth of October we found ourselues to be 41 degrees and a halfe from the line.
The sixt day the Christopher came to vs, and willed \s to put with the Cape, for they also
were so weakc, that they were not able to keepe the sea, and we being weake also, agreed
to goe for Vigo, being a place which many Englishmen frequent.

The 10 day the Christopher went roome with the Cape, but we hauing a mery wind for
England, anil fearing the danger of the enemies, which ordinarily lie about the Cape: be-
sides, not knowing the slate of our countrey and Spainc, and although it were peace, yet
there was little hope of friendship at their hands, considering the voyage that we had made,
.ind wc also being so weake, that by force and violence we could come by nothing, and
doubling also that the king of I'ortugall knowing of our being there, might worke some way
with the Counscll of Spaine to trouble vs: and further, considering that if we did put in with
anv harbor, we should not be able to come out againe, till we sent for more men into En-
gland, which would be a great charge, and losse of time, and meanes of many dangers. All
these things pondred, wc agreed to shoot oflf two pieces of ordinance, to wame the Christo-
pher, and then we went our course for England : she hearing our pieces followed vs, and we
rarried a light for her, but the next day in the morning it was thicke, and we could not see
her in the afternoonc neither, so that wc suspected that cither she was gone with Spaine, or
eU that she should put foorth mo-c sailes then we in the night, and was shot a head of vs, so
that then wc put forth o\ir loj>-saiIcs, and vent our course with England.

At the time when the Christopher left vs, we were within 130 leagues of England, and 45
leagues Northwest and by West from Cape Finister: and at the same time in our ships we
had not abotie -ixe Mariners and sixe Marchants in health, which was but a weake company
for such a ship to scckc a forren harbour.

The 16 day, about sixe of the clocke at night, wc met with a great stormc at the West-
noiith-west, & West, and our men being weake, and not able to handle our sailes, we lost E«reime weal-
Ihe same night our mainc saile, foresaile, and spreeisaile, & were forced to lie a hulling, "'j"^"'""'
vnlill the eighteenth day, and then wc made rcidy an olde course of a foresaile, and put it
III the yard, and therewith finding our selucs far shot into the sleeue, wc bare with our owne
rna«t ; but that foresaile continued not aboue two hourcs, before it was blowen from the yard
with a freal, and then we were forced to lie a hull againe, vntil the nineteenth day of October in
the morning, and then we put an olde bonnet to our foreyard, which, by the good blessing
iind prouidence of Gtnl, brought vs to the He of Wight, where we arriued the 20 of October
in the afiernoone.

The commodities and wares that arc most desired in Guinie, betwixt Sierra Liona
and the furthest place of the Mine.

M.Anils of brasse, and some of leade.
Basons of diners sorts, but the most lattin.
Puts of course tinne, of a quart and more.
VOL. II, 3 U Some

(!'

f*.

'I I Hi:.

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

M. John Lok.

I \

h t'V \\

■\

Thf Fnjiiih

mjrchanti in-

Ifnd to fntllfif

in (Itiinrj* in

!hi kinf; of H«» I

hiin. cuuniry. loWlllg

Some wedges of yron.

MargarilcH, and certaine other tieight beadK.

Some blew Corall.

Some hone tailed.

Linncn cloth principally.

Biixoni* of Flanden.

Some red cloth of low price, and «ome kernic.

Kettles of Dutch-land with brascn handles.

Some great bra.>iHc Iwftoiis gruued, such m in Flanders they set vpon their cupboord*.

Some great basons of pewter, and ewers gmuen.

Some laiiers. such as be for water.

Great kniues of a low price.

.Sleight Flanders-caskets.

Chests of Koan of a lowe price, or any other chests.

Great pinncs.

Counfc French couerings.

Packing sheets good store.

Swords, daggers, frisc mantels, and gownes, clokes, hats, red caps, .Spani.'.li hlan-

kets, axe heads, hammers, sliort pieces of yron, sleight belles, gloues of a lovsc

price, leather bags, and what other trilles you will.

Certaine Articles ddiuered to M. lohn Lok, by Sir William Gerard Knight, M.Wil-
liam Winter, M. Reniamin (ionson, M. Anthony Hickman, and M. Edward
Castclin the 8 ofSeplombcr 15GI, touching a voyage to Guinea.

A remembrance for you M. Lok .nt your comming to the coast of Guinie.

First, when God shal send you thither, to procure, as \ ou passe alongst the coast, to vn-
derstand what riuers, hnuens, or harboroughs there br; and to make your sclf'e a plat therr' I',
setting those places which you sh.ill tliinkc inatciiall in yr.ur sayd plat, with their true cluii-
tions.

Also you shall learnc what commodities doe belong to the places where you shall tmuh,
and what may be gotxl for them.

It is thought go(Kl, iliat hauiiig a fort vpon the coast of Mina in the king of Ilabaans rciiin-
try, it would serue to great purpose: wlicrfore vou are especially sent lo consider wlierf ilu'
fort might be best placed, and vpon wliai ground : wherein are to be noted these thiii<'^ lul-

Thf king rf
Habnn.

1. That the ground so serue, that it ioync to the sea on the one part, so as shippes .iml
boats may come to lade and vnlade.

2. What molde of earth the ground is of

li. What timber or wood may be had, and how it will be caried.

4. What prouision of victuals may he had in the countrey: and what kindc of our virtiLili
will best Rcrue to continue.

It. The place must be naturally strong, or such as may be made strong with a small charijr,
.'ukI afterwards kept with a few men,

f). How water may be prouidcd, if there be none to be had in the ground where llic fort
shall stand, or neerc to it.

7. What helj)c is to be had fr.im the people of the country, either for the building of ii.nr
for the defence thereof

Til mooue the king of Ilaban a farre off, for the making rif a fort, and to note how lie \m!1
like it ; but vsc your (-ommiinicaticm so, that although there mi>;ht fall out ;;o(kI ( aii.'.c I. r
the doing of it, vet he do not vnderstand vour meaning.

.Scan h the countrey so farre as vou may, botli alongst the coast, and into the land.

To Icariie what became of the inarcliants that were left at Benin.

Tlie

tL \r'

Af. John Lok.

M. lohn Lok.

TRAFFFQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

ftlft

vpon their cupboord*.

ait or Guinie.

wlurc you shall imnK

part, !to an shippcrt and

and into the land.

The matters whirh shall be of importance to be noted we nothing dnubt that you will omit,
wherefore werofcrre the order of these aflliircs to your good discretion.

ANo we pray you as occasion shall seme that you ayd and hcipe our factouri), both with
your counsel! and otherwise ; and thus God send you safely to rcturne.

William Gerrard, William Winter, Beniamin Gonson,
Anthony Hickman, Edward Custelin.

A letter of M. lohn I,ok to the worshipfull company of Marchants aducnturers for
Giiinle, written l.jfti, shewing reasons for his not proceeding in a voyage then
intended to the foresayd rountrey.

WOrshipfull sirs ; since the nrriiiall of M. Pet and DiittoU Monioy (as I vnderstand) for
the voyage it U roncluded that the Minion shall proceed on her voyage, if within 20 daycs
she may be repaired of those hurts she hath recemed by the last storme : or in the moneth
of lanuary also, if the wind wilscruc therforc. Wherefore for that your worships shall not
be ignorant of my determined purpose in the same, with the reasons that haue perswaded mc
thereunto; I haue thought good to aduertise you- thereof, trusting that your worships will
weigh them, as I vprightly and plainly meane them. And not for any fearc or discourage-
ment that I haue of my sclfe by the raiding of the stnrmes of the sea, for that (I thanke the
Loni) these haue not becne the (irst thiit I haue abidcn, neither trust I they shulbe the last.
First the si.ite of the ship, in which, though I ihinke not but \f. Pet can do more for her
strengthening then I eat) conceiuc, yet for all that, it will neither mend her conditions, nor
yet make her so stanch that any cabin in hershalbe stanch for men to lie drie in : the which
sore, what a weakening it will be to the poore men after their labour, that they neither can
haue a shift of ,ipparell drie, nor yet a drie place to rest in, I referre to your discretion. For
though that at Harwich she was both bound and caulked as much as might be, both within and
without, yet for all that she left not, afore tiiis (law, in other weathers, being stressed, to open
those seatnes, ami becotne in the state she was before ; I tneatie, in wetting her men : not-
wiihstattdiiig her new worke. And my iudgement, with that little experience I haue had,
Icadelh inc to thitike that the ship whose waterworks and footings be spent and rotten can-
not be but leakc lor nicti. Next, the vnsca-ionable time of the yere which is now present.
Atid how onely by tneaiics of the \ nseasonable times in the returnc front the voyage home,
many thereby h:iue decayed, to t!ie great misery and calamity of the rest, and also to the
i;rcal slander of the \ o\ age { \\ hich I much respect ) the last and other vovages haue declared.
.\ti(l what it is to make the voyage in vnscasonable lime, that hath the second voyage also
(lerlared. Wherefore weyiiig and foreseeing this (as I mav wel terme it) calamity and vn-
ciiitable dauncr of men, and tliat by meti she must be brought home againe (except that God
will shew ati cxtiaorirmary miracle) I purpose tiot nor dare I venture with a safe cotiscience
It) tempt God herein. Againe, Ibrsomuch as she is alone, anil hath so little hclpe of boat or
piiinesse in her ii-.ule, iV .ilso for her watering, where a long lime of force must be spent, my
gdiiig, toihe.icioinplishinent of your expectations, will be to small effect for this time, because
I shall want both vosell and men to accomplish it. .And I would not gladly so spend my
li^nc an<l traiiell, to my great charges and paiue, and after, for not falling out accordinglv, to
lose both j)ot and water, as the prouerbe is. As for the Primrose, if she be there, her trade
will be ended or cuer we come there, so that she of force, bv want of ])rouision, must returne :
sea, lh(iu«h we should tarry with vs a supply for her, yet is the meeting of her doubtfull,
.111(1 though we met her, yet \Nill the meti not larrv, as no reason is thev should : howbeit my
I'pinion of her is that she is put iiuo Ireland. The Flowcrdeluce was in Ntilford. Thus for
that your worships might vudersiatid the whole cause why I doe not proceed, I haue troubled
yon ut ihis lime with this my long Letter. Aiul, as Gud is my Iiidge, not for feare of the
i'ortucals, which lh<'re we shall meet (and \et alone without avilc) as here is a shippe
which was in Lisbon, whose men say that there are in a readinesse (onely to meet vs) foure
^reat ships, of the which one is accounted 700 liinnes, & other ])innesses : yet not for fearc

3 I' 'i of

f!"

1 ,

b\6

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONfl.

WUUam Rmitr.

I J

'■At,

'.» i» ' f f '

1 t

' t

or ihem, nor raging ot th« wan ( whoM rage God it aboiie to riilr) but oncly for the pre.
miiiHea: the nequell whereor mudt by reaaon tunic to a great miitery tu the men ; the which
1 for my part (though it might lurne me to w much gainc a* the whole cnmmcth to) yri
would I not be ao tormenlcd, a» the tight thereof would be a roniue to my heart, and ihc
more, beraune foreaeeing the aame, I nhould be ao lend, a« ycelding, to hauc riinnc into the
danger thereof, and therefore 1 haue abitolutcly determined with my Helfc not to goe thj,
voyage. Howbeit if in a seasonable time of the yeere 1 had but one »Wip nuffirirnt, though
niufh lesne by the haife, I would not refuse (aa triail being made thereof iihnuld ai)pc:irc)
or if I had ability of my aclfe to venture lo much, it thould well be Heene. And thix I oprakc
to giue you to vnder<tand that I refune not lhi» for feare : If you purpoMc to proceed hrerrin,
(tend aoine one whom vnu please; to whom I will not onely deliuer the arlii len which I li.in,.
recciued, but aUo will giue aome particular nolev which I haue noted in the afTaires \Nhirh
you haue committed vnto mee, with the best lielpc and cnunHcll I can. Thu<« the liuin>; (iol
keepe \ our worahipa ail. Rristloll tliit 11 of Deremher l.'iAI.

Your wonthip^ to eomand to l\i>t power,
lolin Lok.

The relation of one William Hutler to Nf. Anthony Ilii kman \m mauler touching a
Miyage set out to Guinea in the yeere l.'itJ'i, by Sir William Gerard, Sir William
Chester, M. Thoman L(Hl;;e, the aayd Anions Hickman, and F.dward CaNteliii,
which voyage in also written in verse by Hobcrt Kaker.

WOrHhipfull HIT, my duly remembreil, thi'4 nhalbe to declare vnto you ihc diacounc of iIin
our voyage, since our departure out of England from Darlmoulh ; at which time I gaur \c>ii
to vndenslaiid of our departure, which was the lii.'i of February 1602. Then hauing a pro.-
peroii!) windc wr departed from thence, and sailf«l on our voyage vntill we arriiied at ('.ii;n

C<po»erJf. vcrdc the <J0 of March, making noalKxIe there, but sailed along the coast to our lirst apiioiiiici

KiudcSciioi. purl Hio de SextdS at whx h port we arriued the third of Aprill in ihc morning, hauiiiL: ih(
night of a Frenchman, who assoone as he pcrceiucd \s, set itaile and made lo the rcu: in the
raeane time we came loan anker in the rode : and alter th;it he had espied onrll.i^', percrimi'-
VH to be Fnglishmen, he bare with the shore, \- hailed our ships with his ordinance, at whici
time we the merchants of both the shijis were in the riuer in Iraflike, and h.id viulen>taiiilii"j
of the Negroes that he had bene there three dayen before our romming : so we conrludtil
together, that if he sent his pinnessc to traflike, we would not iiutllrr him, vntill we had i;ikfii
further order with iheir capiaine Hi man lianls. In the aflcrnoone the pinnease came into the
riuer, whose men we willed to make no trallike \ntill we had talked further with their )'.i|)-
lainc, whom wc willed that night to come aboord our adinirall ; whii h was done. At whiih

ThiMiiiMD. aayd time M. liurton and lohn .Munt went aboord the Minion where the Fren'hmcn
were, & there concluded that they should t.irv by vs eight dayes, :im(I sutler vh (piicilv tu
Iraffikc, wherewith ihev were not well pleased. Whcrevpon the next ninrning thcv (lc|i;iric.|
from vs, sailing alongst the co.xst to the I'iaslward towards I'litis, which he did to hinder out
traflike that way : wherefore the niarchants of the Minion & we concluded (forasmuch :h nt
that present wc vnderstoo<i thai there were no sailes past alongst) that we should go bclnn
to the end wc might not be hindred of our traflike by the Frenchmen ; which thing we diil :
and at our comming thither we found the Frenchman in Iraffikc to the We>t of l'oti«, In

^"''''''""' whom we naiwed, & arriued at Hio de I'otia the I'i of April, where we remained in traflikf

RioiieS.Anirt. vntill thc I ."» of the sayd moneih, and then departed from ihciue along the coast toward S;irii
Andre, where wc appointed by agreement to lary for the Minion : and the 17 at iiii;ht wr
came to thc riuer of S. Andre; in which very day the Minion came vnto vs, tfljini: vs ih.si

Ciuodurilmii. they met at cauo das Palma.s a great ship and a ( ariiell of the king of Portugals boiiiil to llio
.Mina, who gauc chase vnto them, and shot Ireelv at them, and the Minion in h<r defence re-
turned her thc like: but (><hI be pr.iised llie .Minion had no hurt for that time. In the cid

tmtn.'"" *^ concluded to hasten towards cauo de Ires punias to haue put them from the castle, if I))
any meanes wee might ; and when wee were come to the Cape, wc lay a hull one nij;ht .iiul

two

'!?

WilUam RutUr.

miliam Rutttr.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUBRIES.

517

n«l to h'w power.

twodiycK, and doubting thi-y had bene patf, the Minion wen! ne<*re the shore, and %tnt her

mcrrhantu to a pinrr called Anta, where berorrtiine wr had trnffike, and the next mnrning Ami.

very early bciii^ the "iX or the Hayd monelh, we againe had night of the nhin and the cnraiicll

a good way to !<ea-boord of vtf. Then we prMenily wet Nails, and bare with the rormowt of

ihem, hoping to haiic got betweene the cwtle and them, but wc came Hhort of our purpoHe,

which waH no Nmall griefo vnto v« all; and when they had pollen the ra«tle to friend, they

Nhot at VH freely, and we at them, and the cattle at vs ; but we iirolited liile. In the aflrrnoone

wc Net xaiic & came to the town of Don luan called Equi, where the VM in the morning wo (lui.

went a Nhore to iriflilve, but the NegroA would not vnlill they had newes from Don Luio, for

nt thit lime Don luan wai dead, and the iU came Don L\\\h hiM Hoiine and Pachcco minding

m irullike with v<«, at which naid day came two gallieit rowing along the xhorc from the cattle, rwaiiUu.

miiulii)K to kec|)e vt from our Iraffike. The *H we net mile and chatted the galie^t to the r is-

ilc ajjaine. The Ncgroet being glad of that required vi to goc to Mowr^, which is some .jMo*!*.

Iraj{ues l)chind, and tliiiher would they come for that they sf •.•mI in feare of the I't'rUij;al'-

and liicre we remained (or the marchaniN that ci"re out of t '.• cowntre • hie i ix-rc come

with their ^old, but Antlionio don Luis hisHonuc, and Pnrhefo ■\ re ahu / ' thi; Afinion. And

the '2.» in the morning came the two galies frttii lhecast> air-inr .iito v*, thf v (. ther beini>

verv caliuc, they nhot at vs and hit vs J times, and shodi ; afici l\ o \ri>i\ ccti' t Udui the shore,

at wlijch instant we descried the ship, & the carauell comfoini; ii< »'aril< v. then we weighed

and sel saile, and bare as neerc vnto them jus we could: but 'f.v.is ni;;(hi'urcuer wcemet 'Vjih

them, and the nijjht being verydarkewe lost them. The i'P\i <li} nKing I'^fheshor?, at I'ijjiji

we aRrocd to go with Cormanliii, bui the next moruing l^t'ii-,' ilic 'i^ " < v. tre but a \\r\i- Ah- (Jwni.nuu.

tant I'roni the great ship and the ;i galies, hauing no wii,'". v, .»ll, nnii ill.' caruicil h,\-i' 'jhaird

tlic shore. Then bting caline, c.ime ihe 2 gnlies ns'ii;: to tno '((rnc of thr ;".!»>.•!, a-ni

foiiuhl with her the mcjsl p,irl of ihe forcnoonr : iv* >it t'.t ^i;;it fl rr,i kIi.Dicc liru>>ieU ir' the

Minions stewanl-rooinc l>y means of a bnrrcll <■: ; .<uder iii".i t.i.'Vt ilri*, •«lieri"'.\'Jtii "vtrs fniK Mj hfmf

the master gunner, the steward, and most part of thr ^iiiniers; whi«-I' '()c g.i!t€u );»!'r.'f;ijing ' '' -I'.i^l'^''

began to be more (ierrc vpon them, and with one sliot ctit haUt; her ■,i:ufmd*t i/i !'•. ine, 'nt - ■ 'i "'

willv'iit present remedic shee wa« not able to beare s:iiie, ."'id off; iMlly i,;().: titi-i the yiv? it/''' "'''*"'

hliip sent her boat to the galies, who xuddcnly departed from vs. An<l a'tf i meiv iicuartii c

we went .nl)oor(l the Minion to counsell what were best u ''e (\>\i\>r, tit whii-h I'nc they wcr.'

(.ore dJM'omlitcd. Whereupon we ileuised what was best to be done: iwid ;)ec.:us» wee klit'.v

that the Negros neillicr would nor durxt trahike so long as fh./ paiiis <.eiv on 'he loasl ; it

was therefore agreed thai we nhniild prepare our selii'-s to liepau to F{j(/ <le Sestos .--mf so

we departed that day. Ihe li of May in the mornirn we kit wilh tin land, .nd vhen wca ■'''■':• '•'-''''-

came to it, wc doubled what place if was, and sent our ix-jites r » lantt to km w ihe tiiu;(h, and

wc found it to !)c Hio de Ilarbos, wh'ch is to ihc Kastward ot 'is;\i .''i;^!'*' : tul ihere rtraiiieii '*•''■'' ''"'"'•

in gelling of water vnlill the U\, where uc lost the d.iv liefo"-..' it of <);:r r.\en I y ineanrs -,i(*

(Uierlhrowing our blackc pnmasKc. The '<W wc departed from thence f;> !'.!>' di- Scsi.i, wiu;r<; '"'"''''''"

wearriued the 'I of lune, and ihc 4 '"ec departed from Hio dc Se>to, and ariiii,*, ((Jol bci rVJ •>",■«...

thanked) the ('» of Ai/gu'-t wiili'n t*ight vl' the Slert in the West part of Engi,<iid,'<ii rmei

being very sicke and weake. Vc haiie not ai this present ihm e 'iO .'(uiiu! men thai ar; al,'i'

to labour, and we haiieof our ir.cnyi ilcnd,antl luanv ni(>H' ^erv -sor^' li u' iind sicke I/.a-lrr

Hiirlon halh bene sicke this ii weekes, and at ihi presriil ',Ciod strrn.';li)'-'n him) is so '.v.'al.e

that I fearc he will hanlly escape. Herein iiu'osed voiii \\' i-sh"p shrill recciiie a briel'e ol'all

the goods sold by vs, ft also what comnwHlilies we h;niP veer- ui| tVv il :■ .jaine. Thus 1 'eaiie

to trouble your worship, rescruing all thini;s els to cur 'Si'iierall i/iceJiri',. and to the Iirinner

hereof. From aboord the l'riinero>(' the ('!" A':g■^^, l.')();j.

Your obedient seruant

William Kulter.

There are brmigl.t noir! ihh voiagc An. l.^M. F.Ie[ihnnts teeth 106. weighing
I7I>1^ pounds. Graincs ^^'i buts full.

The

I •.■■\

:.is

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Robert Baker. I.

in 11

.» I'

KUi,"'

•6

I ,

'Uf

'i;i. -li

I'^t

>f-f,

i 1 1

Tin God of

■Pir Moone.

The first voyage of Robert Baker to Guinic, with the Minion, and I'rimrosc, set out
in October, 1562. by Sir William Garrard, Sir William Chester, M. Thomas
Lodge, Anthony Hickman, & Edward Castclin.

AS men whose heads be fraught

with rare, haue seldom rest:
(For through the head the body strait

with sorowes is opprcst : )
So I that late on bed

lay wake, for that the watch
Pursued mine eye, and causdc my hed

no slecpc at all to ratch:
To thinkc vpon my chaunce

which hath me now betide,
To lie a prisoner here in France,

lor raunsome where I bide:
And feeling still such thoughts

so ihicke in he.id to runne.
As in the sommer day the moats

doe fall into the Sunne,
To w.iike then vp I rose,

fansie to put to flight:
And thus a while I doe purpose

to passe away the night.
Morpheus I pcrceiu'd

hail small regardr of me,
Thcr?fore 1 should be but deceiu'd

on bed longer to lie.
And tiuis without delav

rising as voide of sleepr,
I horned (\vnthia sawe sircight wav

in at my grate to peepe:
Who passing on her way,

eke knowing well my case.
How I ill darke dungeon there lay

alwayes looking for grace:
To me then walking tho

in (iarke withoulen light,

Walking and watching eftc

least any boate or ship
At any time, while we had slept

perhaps by vs might slip.
And strcight with ardent fire

my hc.nd inflameth shee.
Eke me inspires with whole desire

to put in memorie,
Those dainigers I haue bid

and I^berinth that I
Haue past without the clue of threcdc,

eke harder ieopardie.
I then gin take in hand

straight way to put in rime.
Such traucll, as in Ginnie landc

I haue p.xst in my time.
Hut hailing writte a while

I fall faint bv the way,
And eke at night I lothe that stile

which I haue writte that day.
And thinke my doings then

vnwortliy sure, to be
Set forth in print before all men,

for eiierv one to see.
Kke with dispaire ihereforc

mv pen I cast awav.
And (lid intcnde this ncucr more

hereafter to .is^av.
My fellow prisoner then

sir lidward (Jages sonne
Willes me to take againe my pen

and ende that I begonne.
By this our friends (savth he)

shall riglit well vnderstande

•lir rUiiil
Gjf^t, •■I iir,

Cinirf Oagf .

She wipie her face, and siraiglil did show And kiiowe the great trauols that wc

the best coiintnance she might:
Astonneth eke my head

and senses for a spare,
.\iid olde fansics a\va\ now (led

she piiitelh new in place.
Then leaning in mv grate

wherein full briglit she shinde,
.■\nd viewing her thus on her gate

slic iiiazcth sireiglil my ininde:
.\n(l makes me thinke anon

liow off in (liiinie lande
She W.1S my friend, when I haue gone

all night vpon the .sande,

haue past in Heathen lande.
Take pen therefore againe

in hande, I you recpiire.
And ihinke (sailh he) thereof no paine

to graunf this my desire.
Then once .againe my hed

my hand a worke doth setle:
But lirst 1 fall vpon my bed

and there deepe sighes I fetle,
To see that this lo taske

is giiicii me silly wight:
And of .Miiieriia hcipe I askc

that she mc teach aright.

Hcipe

Robert Baker. I.

Robert Baker. 1.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

619

Tlic wjrre at
Ve*c haurn.

IIclpc now without delay,

hcipe, hcipe, yo Muses nine,
O CIco, and Calliope,

shrwe me how to define
In coiidi^ne stile and phrase

cchc thing in euery line.
To you I giuc loc all the praise

the trnucll only mine.
Giuc care then ye that long

to know of my estate.
Which am in France in prison strong

as I wrote hoir" of late:
Against all lawr or right

as I dot* tliinkc in dccde,
Siih that the warrc is ended quite,

and pease is well agreed.
Yet least pcrchaum c you might

much marueli, how that I
Into a Frcnchmans powre should light

in prison here to lie:
Giue nowc attcniiue heede,

a straunge tale gin I tell.
How I this yeare h.iiic bene bestcede,

scaping the gates of hell.
More liardc I ihinkc truly,

in more daungcr of life,
Than olde Orpheus did when he

through hell did seekc his wife.
Whose niusike so did soundc

in plcn'*:iiit play of string,
That Cerberiis that hellish hounde

(who ;is the Poets sing
Waning three huge heads great,

which duo ( oMiiniially
Still breath out firy (lames of heate

most hnrrible to see)
Did !.'iue him leaue to passe

in at the gates of Hell:
Of whi<h gale he chiele porter was

(he I'oeis thus me (ell.
And how he p.isl alone

through great king Plutos Court
eiron futtntft Yea ferried ouer with ("haron

and yet he did no hurt.
Well to niv purpiisc now,

in lull what hurt h.id hee?
I'erchaiue he might strange sights inow

anil \gly sprits there see:
Perhaps <ke fanlalns,

there making of his mone,
Who starn'd always: and Sysipiuis

still rolling \p the stone.

WH<U.

Yet Orpheus passed by,

and went still on his way.
There was no torment came him nigh

or heate to make him stay.
And I a Gods name wouldc

at ha/arde play my life
In Guinie landc, to seeke for golde,

as Orpheus sought his wife.
At which saide landc of Guinie

I was eke once before.
And scapt the death as narrowly

as Orpheus did and more.
Which first ill lucke will I

recite, then iudgc you plainc.
If loue plagued me not now rightly

this yeare to goe againe.
The other yecre before

when Neptune vs had brought
Safely vnto that burning shore,

for which so long we sought,
One day when shippc was fast

in sea at anker holde.
The sailes vpfirli'd, all businesse past

the boteswaine then I tolde,
That he forthwith shonlde sec

the small pinnessc well mande.
Eke all things therin prest to be

that we shoulde hauc a lande.
And gunner see that ye

want not bowe, pike, or bill,
Your ordinance well primed be

with liutstocks burning still.
With merchandize a shore,

we hied to tralTike then,
M.iking the sea fome vs before,

by force of nine good men.
And rowing long, at last

a riuer we espie,
In at the which we bare full fast

to see what there might be.
And entring in, we see

a niiinbcr of blacke so\iIes,
Whose likelines.se seem'd men to be,

but all as blacke as coles.
Their Captaine comes to me

as n.ikcd as my naile,
Not hauing witte or honestic

to concr once his tailc.
Uy which I doe here gessc

and gather by the wav,
That he from man and manlinesse

was voide and clcane astray.

Hli lirit voyage

<ft.;<l

«' *

And

a^>

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Robert Baker. I.

And sitting in a trough,

a boate made of a logge.
The very same wherein you know

we vse to serue a hogge,
Aloofc he slaide at first,

put water to his cheeke,
A signe that he would not vs trust

vnlesse we did the like.
That signe we did likewise,

to put him out of feare.
And shewd him much brauc marchandise

to make him come vs ncare.
The wilde man then did come,

by signe' riowe crieth the fiend
Of thiisc gay things to giue him some

and I should be his friend.
I traflikt there thit time

for such things as they had,
At night to ship I caried him,

where I with clothes him clad,
Yea, made him there good cheere,

and he by signcs aguine
Tolde vs that he would fraight vs then

after a day or twaine.
And ccnc thus as we were

in (alke, looking about.
Our boate he Hawe with wares that there

was tied at stcrne without:
Which boate he viewing still,

as then well stuft with ware.
We thinking he had meiit no ill,

had thereof little care.
Aiul the next mornc, agaiiic

wc caried him a shore,
Eke barircd there that day with them

as we had done before.
But when Pha'bus began

somewhat for to draw ncare
To Icariw his Court, the sonnc

of Dedalus most dearc,
(Whose chauiue it is to dwell

aniiiis the Ocean flood,
Hi'i-ause that he obseru'd not well

his fathtrs counsell good)
Wc then with saile and ore

to ship began to hie.
That we might fetch aboorde, before

the day had lost his eye.
To ship wc come at last

which rid foure leagues from shore
Hefrcsht vs alter Irauaile past,

taken that day before.

Then, as it was our guise,

our boate at stcrne we tie.
Eke therein leaue our marchandise,

as they were wont to be.
With troughes then two or three

this Captaine comes by night
Aboord our boate, where he with wares

himselfe now fraighteth ^uight.
The watch nowe hearing this,

the boate they hal'd vp fast:
But gone was all the ntarchandise,

and they escapte and past.
The next morne then by day

againe we went to shore.
Amends to haue for that which they

had stolne the night before.
But all in vaine was it,

our signes were now too bad,
They would not vndenitand a whit

of any thing they had.
But as though they had wrong

for to reuengcd be.
As we row'd downe the streame along

after comes hee and hee.
A hundred boats come fro

the stcremost towne I say,
At least meets vs as many mo

before, to make vs stay.
In euery boat two men,

and great !■ ig targets twaine:
Most of their darts had long strings then

to picke and pull againe.
Now gunners to your charge,

giue fier all arow,
Ech slaue for feare forsakes his barge,

and ducks in water low.
We downe the streame amaine

do row to get the sea.
They ouertake vs soone againe,

and let vs of our wav.
Then did the slaues draw neere,

\«ith dart and target thicke.
With diuelish fixed eyes they peere

\>l)ere they their darts may sticke.
Now Mariners do push

with right good will the pike.
The haileshut of the harqucbush

the naked slaue doth strike.
Through targe and body right

that downe he falleth dead
His fellow then in heauie plight,

doth swimrae away afraid.

The theft tf
ihe Neiroei.

A coiiflltt I,,.
tweene the Nf.
grot it gui mri,.

Robert Baker, 1.

Robert Baker. 1.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

531

To bathe in brutish bloud,

then flecth the graygoose wing,
The halbcrders at liaiid be good,

and hew that all doth ring.
Yet gunner play thy part,

make haiicshol walkc af^ainf .
And feliiiwes row with like gooi. heart

that we may uct the maiiie.
Our arrowest all now >ij)ciif,

the Negros gan ap;)ri)ch :
But pikes in hand already Iient

the blarke beast f.ist doth broch.
Their captaiiu' ix'ing wood,

a villaine long and lariie,
With pois'iied dart in hand doth ><hr()ud

himselle \ nder his tar^e.
And hard abix'nl he cunics

to enter in our beat,
Our niaisters mate, his pike eftsoones

strikes through his targe and throat.
The capteine now prist charge

,)i' this brutish blarke gard,
Ili 1 pike he halde backe which in targe

ala- uas lixed hard :
Au<l \vre«tiiig it with niigiit,

to pull it forth in hast,
A oeadly d.irt strike-* him too right

and ill his (K'sh sticks fast.
He stands still like a man,

and shrinkes not once theri'ore,
Rut strikes hiin with his owue dart then

which sliot at him before.
Then pres^e ihey on. and shake

their darts on euery side,
Wliich in our flesh doth light, and make

both deadly wounds and wide.
The gunner in that stound

with two darts strooke at last.
Shrinks not vet though tlie double wound

with sireames of bloud out brasl.
And eki- the inaister4 mate,

of stomacke bolde and stout,
For all his wound receiu'd of late,

yet stirred not a foot.
But kept his standing still,

till that a ileathful dart
Did strike him through the ribs so ill

that -carce it mist his hart.
The dart nut iial'tl quickly,

hi-, guts came out withall,
And so great sireames of bloud that he

for faintnesse dowiie gan I'all.

The Negros seeing this,

how he for dead doth lie.
Who erst so valiant prou'd iwis,

they gladly shout and crie :
And then do minde as there

to enter in his place.
They thinke an many wounded were

the rest would ycJd for grace.
We then stand by the pike,

and foure row on our boat,
Their darts among vs fast they strike

that few were free I wot.
In legge and eke in thigh,

some Wounded eke in th'arme.
Yea many darts .stucke vs hard by,

that mist and did no harme.
By little thus at last,

in great danger of life
We got the sea, and almost past

the danger erst so rife.
Then gin they all retire

sith all their darts were spent
They had nought to reuenge their ire,

and thus awav they went.
Our boat to ship doth roe,

wliere two ores make soft way
.Sine of vs nine were wounded so,

the seiienth for dead there lay.
Lo, hcare how cruelly

the fiends inent vs to kill,
Caii.sekvse you see, if thev truly

on vs might had their will.
And yet we gnue before

much merchandize away,
Among those slaues, thinking therfore

to haue friendsiiip for aye.
And Orphcu.s past 1 wot

the pass.igp jjuietlv,
.Vmong the soules in Charons b(^at,

and yet to >a\ truly
I neuer read that he

paid for his passage there.
Who ])ast and repast for to see

if that liis wife there vere.
Nor yet that he paid ou<^!;t,

or any bribe there gaue
To any office, while he sought

his wife againe to haue.
Whereby I surely ges.se

these men with whom that wc
llaue had to do, are fiends more fierce

then those in hell that be.

Silt of our nieii
wounded.

«*.s

i... i

\UI.. II.

:t X

Well

.122

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Robert Baker, I.

Well wc now scaping thus

the danger I hauc tolde,
Aboord we come, where lew of vs

could stand now being coldc.
Onr wounds now being drest,

to meat went they that Hat,
But 1 desired rather rest,

for this in minde I wist.
That if I might get once

a sleepe that were full sound,
I should not feclc my weary boncs

nor yet my smarting wound.
And lying long aloft

\pon my bed in jiaiiie,
Vnto Morpheus call'd I oft

that he would not disdainc
To heare me then poorc wight,

but sende me helpc with speed
That I might haue good rest this night

of which I had great need.
Me thought then by and by,

there hung a heauie waiglit,
At ech eye lid, which clos'd mine eve

and eke my htad was fniight.
And being strcight a sicepc,

I fell into a swe.uicn.
That of my wound I looke no kccjii-

I dreamVI I was in licaiK-ii.
Where as me ihougiit I see

gcd M.irs in airiior luight,
His arming swoid naked lioldcs he

in hand, rc;id\ to liglit.
Castor and Foihi\ there

all ((iMiplet stand him by,
Lca»t if tli:ii Mars conuincetl were

llicN iniijlit rcuciiged be.
Then ( amc m.irchin.; along

the j.Tcat blackc smith Vulcan,
}l;niiiig a stalle of yron strong,

and ilnis at ia-t began :
O Mars, thou Gi-d of might,

\shat is the c.aise that thou
Hast thalc'ig'd me with tliec to figlil ?

jo pri"s<nl am I mow.
Wlicrf re il that thou hast

am gri'at grudge to me,
Hcloir th's day be spent and past

it s!,al! reueiigcd l)e.
Then -pake ;.;ml .Mars arid .said,

for tiiat thou chnrlisji wight,
'fh\ l)riili~h Mackc people hast made

with tlmse white i.ien to (i"ht

Which cafd on me for aid,

I bid thee warre for this.
T'hen answered Vulcan straight and said

th.it that coast sure was his.
And therefore he would still

his blackc burnt men defend.
And if he mi;,'ht, all other kill

whi( h to tiiat co.ist did wend.
Yea tiius (siid he) in boast

that we his men had slainc.
And ere that wc shoulil passe this coast

he would vs kill againe.
Now mar 'ih .Vfars ainaine

and fieri'cly ;ins to light.
The sttirdii- smi(h strikes free againc

wliosi- blowcs dint where thev light.
But lii|)iter that sat

in his gre.it royill throne
Hearing this nci^e maruell'd thereat,

and sircijrhlwav scndeth <ine
To know ihc cause thereof:

hut Ik :iring them i. "''ht,
Commaiuleih them f<pr to leauc oft'

b\ vertue of his might,
And of Vulcan deinaiids

liic cause : then answered he,
(1 iiiij^htie lone whoso power commands

and rules all thinj;s that be.
Who at n word hast power

all things to destrov clcanc,
.\nd in the monicit of an houre,

eanst them restore ;igaine,
The same {!( d licence me

to spe:ke now here my minde:
It is not, loiie, vnknowne to thee.

how that I \s,i< assignM,
And piiiiiled king <(f most

of all the (iinnie land,
A people 1m is on mv coast

wlii(li(! til me now withstand,
■fhcy do ni\ people strike,

they do this day them kill,
fo \J)om 1 nniule to do the like

if I niav hauc- m\ will,
fhen Iiipirer liespake :

() \'iilean iheii said he,
Let thi th\ rane and anger slake

l'>T ihis time presently,
Bill if at any lime

these men chaiK'e tliere againe,
Doe .istlioii list, the charge is thine

1 will not meddle then.

I know

Wm I,

Robert Baker. 1.

nd Mtid

Robert nakcr. 2.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

523

I know tlicin well (witi he)

iIknc HUM) need not loseckc,
Tlicy liniu" so fruit'iill a countrcy

that there is iniiic the like.
But if tliey <';i i not lie

thercwitli content, but still
Will seekc for jjolde so couctoush

wcrke tlun with them thy will.
And then with str:iij;ht iloth .send

.1 pursiiiicn.t in ]>ost,

Conduct safe to that coast

which Albion was hight.
And that no storines do them withstand

l)y (lay or eke by night.
I sleeping all this space,

as it were in a trance,
The noise of them that hal'd apace

did waken me by chance.
Then looking out to know

what windc did blow in likie,

lis coast

igamc
ey light.

lercat,
e

c oft"

he,
commands

)urc.

nde ;
thee.

To whom (saith he) sec that thou wend The maistcr straight came to me tho

Onr »hi|'l»f.

vnin llic windie coast.
To K(>hi>, the kill};

ciimmand !;iin ihiis from me,
That he sir;iii;ht way witiunit Jingriiig

do set .It lilieiiie,
His seruant Zephiius,

whi( li now i^ lockt so low,
l'!ke that he do command him ihiis,

tli:ii he str.iight way do go
To Vulciiis coast ill hast,

aslu|) where he shall linde,
Which ship he must with gentle blast

ami eke with moderate winde.

and thus said by and by.
All om- ill lucke is past,

we haue a merie winde,
I hope England, if this winde last,

yet once againc to (inde.
When this I vnderstand,

to lone I vowed then,
Forswearing cleane the Ginnic land

for comming there againe.
And passing on in post

with fauorabic windes,
Wc all arriu'd on Englands coast

with passing checrefull mindes.

The -ei-onil voyaije to Giiiiiie, and the riuer of .Scsto, set out in the Moneth of No-
ueml.er l.')(ii, 1i;. Sir Willi.im Gerrard, Sii- William Chester, >Sir Thomas Lodge,
Maistcr Ueniamin CJOston, .Maister William Winter, Maisier Lionell Ducket,
Anthonie Hickman, and Edward Castelin, with two ships, the one called the lohn
Baptist, wherein went for Maister, Laurence Kondcll ; and tlic other the Marlin,
isherein weul also for Maistcr, ItobiTt Hcuell, hauing lor Factors, Robert Baker,
hi-.tiniaii (ioodwinc, lames Gleidell, and George Gage : and written in verse by
ihe foresail!' Robert Baker.

tand.

1.
like

slake

againe,
e is thine

YOu heard before, that home I got

from (iinnie at the last,
But hv and by, 1 quite forgot

the snrrowcs I had past.
And ships rigged also,

with speed to ship againe,
I liein, then rcquird to go,

did not denie them plaine,
But gra\iied them to go,

\nhap])ie foolish wight,
When thev cimimand, eke there to do

the best seruice 1 might.
In line, to go our way

now scrueth timt. and tide,
W'e hauing nothing vs to stay,

what should we longer bide?
The hempen band with helpe

of Mariners doth threat

The Maister then gaH cheere

with siluer whistle blast
His Mariners, which at the leere

are laboring wondrous fast.
Some other then againe,

the maineyard vp to hoise.
The hard haler doth hale a maine,

while other at a trice
Cnl saile without delay :

the rest that be below.
Both sheats abal'( do hale straitway

and boleins all let go.
The Helme a Mariner

in hand then strait way tooke,
The Pilot eke what course to stir

within his care did looke.
Againe with siluer blast,

the .Maistcr doth not faile.

riic i»k>r.

I know

fo wey and rearc that slouthfull whel[)e To cause his mates forthwith in hast
vp from his mothers teat. abroad to put more saile.

:i X 'i

>*•!

r(!

584

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Robert Baker. 2.

We then lanch from the shore,

sith warre we knew it right,
And kept in sea aloofe therefore

two dayes and eke a night.
And, as it is the guise,

to toppe a man we send.
Who straight asaile or two espies,

with whom we then do wend.
Aloofe would some with one,

and roomeward would the rest :
But with the tallest -hip wc gone,

whom we thinkc to be best.
.\t last, in fomminj; neere

as capfaincs vsc to do,
1 hale tiiem, and <>f whence thev were

I did desire to know :
Of France when they had said,

we weaued them a niaine,
But they nothing therewith dismaid

did likc'to vs agaiiie.
Wo then our selues adunnt

throiij;h hope of purchase here,
Ainainc say we, ye iolly gallant

or vnii shall buie it dere.
To arme the maine fop tlio

the boat-wainc <i(ieth t-kr.
His mate to the Inrelop iiNo

makes liast to do the like.
To top both sldiii's :u)(l darts

jjood fi'llowcs li<ji>c apace ;
The qiiarrer mai-tcrs with <;lad hearts

do know ci'h (iiK- his place.
Our t"ps;iilcs ■.trikevNC tho

and lit niir sailcs tii li;;lit,
Our biil\>;irke .It maiiie mast also

i> made likewise aright.
Vpou our poope eke then

riv.lit -ubtillv wc lav
I'oiuirr, to blow \pall siu h men,

as Ciller thrrav^av.
Our Trui'ipctter aloft

iiiiw sound- the feat- nf war,
riic lini-cii pieces rorinn oft

Hill;; forth 1)1 ih (haine .iiid li.ir
Sonic on the vardc- a^ainc

<io wcauc with naki'd -woord,
.\n<l (rsifii; loud to tlicni ainame

thev l)id vs come aboord.
To bath liir feet in blond

the };r.iii;oose flecth in hast :
.\iul Mariner- a- f.ions wihkI,

do c ric alxiord .'!- fa-t.

Now firic Faulkons flie

right greedie of their pray.
And kiU at first stone dead truely

ech thing within their way.
Alarmc ye now my mates I say,

see that ve nothing lacke,
At eiiery loope then gins straightway

a hai;quebush to cracke.
Their saile to biirne, we shoot

our arrowes of vvilde (ire,
And pikes burning therewith about

lads tosse with like desire.
Kke straightway forth for wine

the -leward call I then,
With fiery -pice enough therein

I driiike vnto my men,
.And then eiicn with a woord

our lime pot prest to fall,
This iollv a;.ill,ii)t we clap aboord

and enter him withall.
Their netting- now yan teare

with dint of heaiiie stone,
And some mens heads witnessedid bear^

who neiicr ciuild make mone.
The harquebiish acroke

wiiuh hie on top doth lie,

Discharg'd full of haileshot doth smoke

to kill his CDcmic.
Which ill hi- enemies top

doth light, there if to kcepe.
Yet he at la-t a deadiv lope

i- iiKule from thence to lepe. •
Then entrelli one vsith;ill

into thisFrenchriians top.
Who cut- ech rope, and makes to fall

hi- yard, withnuten stop.
Then .Mariner- belowe,

as carcic— c of the pike,
Do hew, and kill -till a..|liev goe,

and force not where ilicv -trike.
And -till the trumpet- -onnd

with pjea-a'it blast doth chenre
Kcli Marii;er, so in ih if ^ii und

that they m thing did leare.
'I'lie .\Iai-t<'r then al-o,

hi- mate- to cheare in I'.^hl,
His W hi-tic cliearefiilly <li tli blow,

whereby strait euery wight
So tien e begins lo be,

that Frenchmen ^in to st:)e,
And Ki'^li-h men as right ixirthv

do c.itcli for piil.igettio.

Uliiii

J'il «

Robert Baker. 8.

Robert Baker. 3.

TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

525

What would you more 1 say

but tell the truth alway :
Wo vsde our mattcw so this day

we caried him away,
Vuto a I'ort iu Spaine,

which sure is call'd the Groiiic,
Whereas we for French lading plainc

roceiuod readic coine.
Well tluis tiiis good lucke past,

wi' through salt Seas did scoure.
To (Jinncv coast eke come at last,

() that vnhappio hourc.
Afy hand alas for feare

now shakes, of this to write,
Mine eye almost full frau^^ht with tearc,

ckc lef-i me to indite.
What should I here recite

the niiserie I had,
When none of y(,u will scarce credit

that ere it was so had ?
Well, vet I would a>.sav

to tell it, il I might.
But () Minerua, helpc me aye,

mv Avits astond he quite.
Yea hclpc ye muses nine,

let no tliouyiil iiu" wilhstaiul,
Aid me ihis thing well to dcline,

which here I take in hand.
Well, thus it fortuned iho,

in (iinney now arriu'd.
Nine men in beat to shore wc go,

where we iralTiiie c-pidc,
An<l parlinu at middav

fr. u) ship, (Ml good intent
In hope of tralfike there I say

to shore awav we went.
Our ships then riding fist

in se,i at auker bight,
We minded to dispatch iu hast,

eke to returne that night.
Bui being h^ir.l bv land,

there suddenly doth rise
A mighiie wiiule, wherewith it raind

atui tluindrcd, in such wise.
That we bv shore did ride,

where we best I'crt might (inde.
Our ships we ihinke from anker slule,

a lri(e before the winde.
This night N'olcin begins

on \s reucnu'd to be.
And ihuhderbolts about he (lings

most terrible to sec,

Admixt with fierie flame

which cracks about our eares.
And thus gins he to play his game,

as now to him appcares.
He Eolus hath feed

herein to be his friend.
And all the whirling windes with speed

among vs duth he send.
Thu§ hard by shore we lay,

this wet and weary night.
But on next morne and all the day

of ship we had no sight.
For Vulcan all this night

from Merie forge so fast
Sent thunder bolts with such great light,

that when the night was parsed.
The next day there remaind

so great smoke all about.
Much like a mist, eke therewith raine,

that we were wet throughout.
And thus in smoke mindes he

to part vs from our ship :
Thus riere a one ech other see,

and so haue we the slip.
Our ships then backe againc,

thinking we were behinde.
Do saile by shore a day or twaine

in ho|)e there vs to finde.
And we the contrary,

do row along the shore
Forward thinking our ships to be

still sailing vs before.
They sailing thus two daves or three,

arul could not finde vs thau
Do thinke that in that foulc night we

were drowned euery man.
Our ship then newes doth beare,

when she to England wends
Tliat we nine surely drowned were,

and thus doth tell our friends :
While we thus being lost,

aliue in miserie
Do row in hope vet on this coast,

our shi|)s to (inde trulv.
Well thus one dav we spent,

the next and third likewise.
But all in vaine was our intent,

IU) man a saile espies :
Three daycs be uijw cicane past

since aiiv of vs nine.
Of anv kindc of food hath last,

and thus gan we to pine.

T.I

Itl

i,<,i)

Till

Mrs /iMf -

\* i

kii^if H\

,)'i«

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Robert Hfika\'2

Till at till' last l)aip need

bids VH hale in with land,
That we niif;ht ;;et some root <ir weed

our hun>;cr to withst.md:
And l)einn tome to shore,

with Ni'gros we intreat,
That for our wares which we had there

tiiey would glue vs to eat.
Then fetch they vs of roots,

and sucii things as thty had.
We gaue to thiin our wares to boote

and were tlierecf rij;ht glad.
To sea go we .igaine,

in hope along the s!)ore
To finde our ships, yet thinking plaine

that they had becne before.
And thus wiiii saile .ind ore

Iwelue da\i's we went hard bv
The stnnij»e vnromfortablc shore

where wc nothing espie.
But all thiike woods and bush

and ininhlie wildernesse,
Out of the which oft times do rusli

strange boasts both wilde and (ior^e,
Wh('i('<>r(>lt times wee see,

at going downc of Sunne,
Diners descend in conipanie,

and to the st-a lhc\ come.
Where as \ pon the s;uid

thev lie, and chew the ( ud :
Soinciiine in water eke they stand

and \vallow in the floud.
The Klephant we see,

a great vnweldic beast.
With water iils his troonke right hie

and l)lowes it on the rest.
The Hart I saw likewise

delighted in the snilc,
I'he wilde Hoare eke alter his guisr

with snout in earth doth nioile.
A great strange beast also,

the .\nteIope I wccne
1 there did ~ee, and many mo,

which erst I hauc not scene.
.\nd oftentimes wc sec

a man a shore or twaine.
Who strait brings* out his Almadie

and rowes to vs a maine.
Here let wc anker fall,

of wares a shew wc make,
We bid him choose among ihtin all,

what wares that he will take

To bring to vs some fitih,

an<l fresh water therefore.
Or else of meat some dainlie dish,

wliid) their cookc:* dresitc a share.
They bring vs by and by

great root- and beries eke.
Which grow Npon the high palmc tree,

such meat as the) do like.
We drinke eke of liuir wine

much like our whey to see :
Which is the sappe as I liaue scene

that runnos out of a tree.
Thus do they bring ech thing

which they thinkc to be good,
.Sometime wilde honv combes ihev bring

Which the) lindc in the wood.
With roots and baggage ••ke

our cori)s we thus susiainc
From famnic though it be so weake,

that death was ligiircd pKiinc
In eucrv ioyni for laike

of sustenance and rest.
That viill we tliinke our hearts would

with sorowes so opj)rest. (brcakc

We now alongst the coast

iiaue saild so manv a mile,
Thai sure we be our>lilps be lost,

what should we do lliis while ?
Ill Heathen land we be,

iin|)ossible it is
That we shoulil fetch our owne eountrcv

in such a boat ;is this.
We now gaii to pereeiue

that wee had ouerpa^t
The Mele .ate <oast so mueli,

that wc were come ai la-t
\'nto the ccast of .Mvne,

for Niegr(iS came aboortl
\\ ilh weights to poise their gi Idcso lino,

yea >pcnking tiiery wi^rd
In I'orluge-.-e ri^ht well

demanding Iraflike there ?
If we had any w:ires lo sell,

and where our siiips then were ?
We answered them againe,

we had tw siiip-. at sea, 'i

The which \»i iild come Iralike with the

wc thought within u dav.
The cause wi.y we thus said,

w.is hope to be well \sde :
IJut seeing this, as me.i tlisni.-,id

.iw.iy we went and nin-de

Whither

ibijM

Robert lifikif.'i

Robert Baker. 2.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIIIES.

6S7

shore,
lime tree,

secnc

I they brins

1(hI,

wcakc,
nc

ts wouUI
( brcakt

c losit,
hilc }

sw i-otiiilrev

r ji( lilcMi liiif,

> >

n were ?

dike with ihe
y.
liclj
Ic:

i>ni:.i(l
hie

T«.. .blp-

Whither our ships were pone,

what way were best for v.s :
Shall we here perisli now saith one?

no, let v>4 not do thus :
We sfc :ill h(i|)e is past

our ohip-i to tiiule a^nine,
And here our linen do shorten last

in iniseric and paine:
For why liie raging heat

oC Suiine, beinp so extreme,
Consinnes our flesh away in sweat,

as (l:i\l\ it is seeiie.
The Tfinados a^ainc

SI) often iji a wceke,
With great lightnings, thunder and raine

with such abundance eke, %

Doe so beat vs h\ night,

that we sicepe n'lt at all,
WhereliN our strenj^di is vaded quite,

Ml) man an ore can hale.
Mow hard liuc we, alas?

three whole dayes oft be past,
Ere we poore men (a heauie case)

<>l any thing due ta^t.
These iwenlir daves yc see,

we haue sit still eeh one.
Which we do of nec«'ssitie,

for place to waike is none.
Our legs now vs dccciue,

swoliic euery ioint withall,
With this disease, which, bv your leaue,

the Scuruie men doe call.
\\'e cannot lung endure

in til is c.i-e as we be,
To leane our boat I am right sure,

c()m|)eld we must agree.
Three \va\os for vs there is,

and this i» inv recjuest.
That we may "i' these three deuisc,

t' chouse thereof the best.
The Castle ol the Mine

is not I'arre lu nee, we know.
To morrow mon.e we there may be,

if iliithcr von will goe.
Tliere l'orti:i';als do lie,

and ' i;risieiieil men they be:
If we (Lire trust their curfesie,

the worst Is h inking glee.
Our mis.ri<> m.iv make

ihrm piiie vs the more,
Nine such yong men great pains would
for life to hale an ore. [take

Their Gallies may pcrhapH

lacke Hueh yong men as we.
And thus it may fall in our laps,

all Cialeyslaues to be,
During our life, and this

we shall be snrc to haue.
Although we row, such mcate an is

the allowance of a slauc.
But here we rowe and stenie,

our miiiery is 80 aore :
The slauc with meat inough they s;.rue,

that he may tearc his ore.
If this you will not like,

the next way is to goe :
Vnto the Negros, and to seeke

what friendship they will shew.
Hut uhai fauour would ye

of these men looke to haue :
Who beastly sauagc people be,

farre worse then any slaue ?
If Caninbals they be

in kind, we doe not know.
But if they be, then welcome we,

to pot straight way we goe.
They naked ^oc likewise,

for shame we cannot so :
We cannot litie after their guise,

thus naked for to go.
By rootcs and leaues they line,

as beasts doe in the wood :
.\mong these heathen who can thriue,

with this so wilde a food ?
The piercing heate againc,

that scorcheth with such .strength.
Piercing our naked flesh with paine,

will vs cimsume at length.
The third and la.st is this,

(if those two you refuse)
To die in miserable wise,

here in the boafe you chuse.
And ihisiudge by the wav,

more trust is to be giucn,
Vnto the Portingals alway,

siih they be christned men.
Then to these brutish sort,

which beastiv are ye see:
Wlio of our death will make a sport,

if Canibals they be.
We all with one consent,

now death despising plaine:
(Sith if we die as innocent,
the more it is our gaine)

^\'\

i.i>i J

ku)ir

Whither

t)ur

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Robert Biikcr. 'i.

Our ■'avio wo Ikitsc in hastt,

with spi-i'il we mind to go
Vnti) liii- c.Hiell, now mil past

a iwcniii' li'annrt v» fro.
And -aNlinK all this day,

\\v ^picd late in ihc night,
An \vc past l)v thu'* on our way,

Njiiin till' shore a li;;i)t.
Then savd our Hoate-wainc thii«,

by thiM great light a -hore,
Tniliqiif I en- leejne-, will y<>" let vs

•inker thii night tlierororc,
And trie if we may get,

thi-i next morning by day,
S(iiiu' kind of I'. (h1 (or vs to eate,

:iii;l then to goe our way ?
We anker lh«re that night,

the n«'\l niorning to shore :
And in the plare, where wc the light

did see the night before,
A watch hou«c now tiirre stootl,

\pon a roeke without :
Hard by a great blaeke erosse of wood,

whit'h piiltetli vs in doubt,
Wh.ii place that thi- should be,

;ind loi'king to the shore,
A Castell there we gan espie,

this made vs thmbt the more.
Wherein we saw did stand

a I'oriingall or fw;iiiie :
Wiio held a white flag in his hand,

and waned vs amaine.
Our (Icsli as fraile now shakes,

whercbv we gan retire,
.\nd he at \s a shot tiien m.ikes,

■:, Negro giiiing (ire.
.\ piece discharged thus,

the hissing pi-lli-t lights,
I thinke within a vard of vs,

but none of V'. it hits.
Wc wisht then wc had there

a goo<l shi]), eke or twaine.
But hflpelesse now, we rowe a shore

to know tli'end <if our paiiie.
The neerer that wc went

to them vnto the shore,
To veld our selucs, as first we ment

they still did shoot the more.
Now Canons loud gan rore,

and Culueriiis now trackt.
The C'a.stcll eke it thundred sore,

a.s though the wals wccrc sackt

.Some !«hol doth light hard by,

Mome oner vx againe :
But though the shot so ihicke doth flie.

yet rnwe we in a maine.
That now so neere we be

vnto the ca^ttell wail.
That none of them at vn we see,

lan make :i ^hoi at all.
We ment a land to goe,

their ciirte^ie to trie :
Bill fr<iin the wal great stones they throw,

and therewith bv and by,
The Negros marching downe,

in battell r.iy do come.
With dart anil target from the towne,

and follow all a drommc.
A bowe in hand some henf,

with poi^'ned arrow- prest,
To strike therewith ihev be lull bent,

a pined Knglisli hrest
But stones ciiuje dowin. »o f.ist

on \s III) euerv side,
We thinke our IxmI" boitotn would britt

if Ion;' we thus abide.
And arrowes (lie so thicke,

hi«sing ,it cuery eare,
Wliii'h l)oth in clothes and llesh do sticke,

that we, as men past feare,
Crv now, I.aiiiK li, laiiiw h in h.i-l.

hale of the boale am linc ■
Fonre men in banke let ihem sit fast

and rmve to sca;igaine.
The cither (iiie like meti,

do nianfnilv in hand,
Take \p e.i( h kind of weapon then.

these wolues here to withstand.
A liar()uebusli t.ikes (ine,

aiiitlicr b< iiiU his Ixiwi ,
Amiilig the sialics then ilnwne l.iU "lie

iiiiil iiiher hurl I irowe.
.\t ihosi' I'orlingals then shout we,

\ jion the l'"rl whi( h slanil,
In long line while shirts as we see,

and lintst< (ks in their hand.
And of these shirts so white

we painted some full red.
Striking their open (orps insight,

with :liiii of arrow head.
For we s.iwe thev had there

no (iailies \s to take.
Where llireatnings the collides not feare

or make vs once to sli ike.

Thea

Robert Baker. '>■

Robert Baker. 9.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

SS9

ull Iniil,

ISt

Mould lif '■••

wli ilo>lick»",

in sit fa^l

on then,
Miind.

lout

wc,

licl,

sec.

;iiid.

tc
,1

11,

in >i
1.

^ht,

rt-

kc.

■• not

Varc

Ci|)« (hire
l<oiutk

Then CanotiA loud f;an rore,

and pellct.4 flic about,
And rach man halcth hard hii ore

and monucd not a Poote,
Yea, thnuf;h the pouldcr nent

the pellets thicKe away.
Yet HDite of them cleane through we went

at laNt, and got the sea,
And pieces charging faat,

they nhot after vii »o.
That wonder wa<t it how wc past

the furie of our foe.
The pined arme felt not

as now, the hcauic ore :
With foure such ores was neucr boat,

I thinkc, row'd so before.
To seaward scaping so,

three Negroes we see there.
Came rowing after vs to know,

what countrey men we were f
We answered Engli^ihrnen,

and that thither wc came,
With wares to trafiquc there with them,

if ihry had meant the same.
They Portuguse doe spcake

right natufuH iwis:
And of our ship to know they seeke,

how big and where she is.
We answered them ngaine

we had two ships at sea,
I{ighl well appointed full of men,

that streight would take their way
Along tlie coast for gold,

they tary but for vs,
Which came with wares there to haue sold

but that they vs'd vs thus.
Then gan they vs to jiray,

if we lackt any thing,
To anker there all that whole d.iy,

and they to vs would bring
All things that we doe want,

they sory say they be :
But we their wonU yet trusting scant,

refuse their curtesie.
We aske them of this hold

what phu e that it should be.
Then tliey againe thus straight vs told

that I'ortingals there lie.
Anil how that point they savd,

which there hard by we see.
Was one of Cape three points that lay

the Westernmost of three.

Withouten further gpeech,

we hoise our saile to sea :
Minding a friendlier place to seech,

and thus we part our way.
We mind truly to proouc

the Portingals no more :
But now t'assay rather what loue

Negros will shew a shore.
We then with saile and ore,

went bncke againe in hast:
A thirtic Uigues I thinke, and more

from thtr.re where we were chaat.
And here we anker fall,

aboord the Negros come :
We gaue gay things vnto them all,

and thus their hearts we wonne.
At last aboord comes vne,

that was the kings chiefe sonne :
To whom by signes I made great mone,

how that I was vndone.
Had lost our ships, and eke

were almost staru'd for meate,
And knew not where our ships to seeke,

or any thing to cate.
I ofl'red him our wares,

and bid him take them all :
But he i)erceiuing now the teares,

which from our eyes did fall.
Had great pitie on vs,

and sayd he would haue nought.
But streight by signes he will'd vs then.

that we should take no thought
As one whom God had sent,

and kept for vs in store.
To know in hast away he went,

the Kings pleasure on shore.
And came fuorthwith againe,

yea, bade vs come a land :
whereof God knowes wc were ful faine,

when this we vnderstand.
Each man bankes to his ore,

to hale the boate a land :
Where as we sec vpon the shore,

fine himdred Nc'^ros stand.
Our men rowing in a maine,

the billow went so hie.
That straight a wane ouerwhelms vs cleane

and there in sea we lie.
The Negros by and by,

came swimming vs to saue :
And brought vs all to land quickly,

not one durst play the knaue.

!tr

\> • ,hr

TOL. II.

3 Y

The

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Robert Baker. %,

•■.s

W J A.

The Kings «onne after thit,

a stout and valiant man,
In whom I thinke Nature iwii,

hath wrought all that ihe can,
He then I ray commaundii

them ■traight to laue our boatr,
To worke forthwith goe many handi,

and bring the lame a floair,
Some Bwimmc to saue an orr,

iome diuc for thingn be !o«f :
I thinke there helpc t" hale a »horp,

Tiue hundred men almoHt.
Our boatr ihux haldc vp drir,

all ihin^'H <itreight way were brougiit
The which we mist or cuuld e!i|>ie,

no man that dumt kerpc ought.
Then vsi they led away,

knowing we wanted meate,
And gaue to vn, cuen nuch as they

thcmselues do daily eate.
Was noucr Owlc in wood

halTc HO much wondered at,
As we were then poore men, ala«,

v\hich there among them sat.
We feared yet our pari,

and wisht a monctli were past,
For each man there went with his dart,

which made vs uft agast.
We lay vpon ihc ground,

with them there all that nijjiil :
Bui feuring still a deadly wound,

we rould not siccpe a whit.
Two dayes thus past we well,

no man vs offred wrong :
The cause thereof I gin you tell,

they thought ihiit them among :
Our shi[>s had bene at sea,

an<l would come there before
Two daycf), to fetch vs thence away,

and giue them wares gomi store.
But when they thus henre tell

how that our ships be lost.
And that we know not very well,

when ships will come to coast :
They then waxe wearie strcight,

and they which did before
At sundry times giue vs to eate,

did giue vs now no more.
Our lowance waxt so small,

that neuer nine I gesse.
Were seru'd the like, yet still withall,

it waxed lease and lewc.

Some run now in the wood,

and there for rootes do seeke,
Ba<e meat would here be counted good

too bad that we mislike.
Our clothes now rot with sweat,

and from our backs do fall,
Saue that whom nature wils fur shame,

wr coucr nought at all.
One runs to seeke for clay

to fajthion straight a pot,
And hardens it in Sunnc all day :

another failclh not
To fetch home wood for night,

and eke fur fire sought,
That we our roots and things seeth might

if any houte were brought.
The rest the wood doth seeke,

eke euery bush and tree
For berricK and such baggage like,

whiih should seeme meate to bee.
Our (iiigcrs scrue in steed,

both ol' pickaxe and spiitle,
To dig and |uill vji euery weed,

thai grew within the shade.
Kke digd for rootes the ground,

and scarcht on euery brier
I'lir berries, which if we had found,

tlu'ii >lreight way to the tire :
Where we ro>t some of those,

the Tv>l seeth in a pot,
.And of this banket nought we lose,

nor fragment re!.teth not.
Tiie night as heists we lie

the bare harti earth vpon.
And round by vs a great fire light

lo keepe wild beasts vs from.
Bill Mh»i should I recite,

or couet to declare
My sorowes past, or eke t'endile

of my hard Ginnie fare ?
I cease here to enlarge

iny miserie in that land,
A toy in head doth now me charge,

as here to hold my hand.
In fine, what would ye more,

the heat did so exceed.
That wanting cloths it scorcht so sore

no man could it abide.
The coiinlrey eke so wilde,

and Mihealthfull withall,
That hungry stomacks neuer fill'd,

doth cause faiut bodies fall.

Our

'r.\

The 7. voi. ta Gultua. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

■)'.

Our men fall iicke apace,

and cherishing hauc none :
Thai now or nine, within abort ipace

we he left three ainne.
Alan, what f(reat agaitt

In VH three liuing yet,
Was it to nee, that death ho Ta»t

away our fellowc» fet ?
And then to loue on hie

wc rail for helpc and grace.
And him beiteech vnfaiiicdiy,

to fetch VH from thi* place.
From this wild heathen laiul,

to ChriNtcndomc a)(aine,
Or else to lay on vs his hand,

and rid \» from our paiiie.
Least that we oucrprcst

with too much miscric,
Perhaps as wcakc hroakc our behest

which wc owe God on high.
And lost wc liuing here

am<)ii<; litis heathen, miKht

He hearing v* at lenglh,

how we to him doe call.
He hclpa v« with his wonted «trenglh«

and itraight thither withal!,
A French ship aendti at la«t,

with whom wc three go hence :
But nix in earth there lie full faitt,

and netier like come thence.
This Frenchman as I Nay,

through salt and Murging tea*,
Vs brought from Ginnie land, away

to France, the Lord we praiite.
And warre he prnues it plaine

when we entred hia ship,
A prisner therefore I remaine,

and hence I cannot ilip
Till that my ransome be

agreed vpon, and paid.
Which being leuied yet so hie,

no agreement can be made.
And 8uch is lo my chance,

the meaiie time to abide

Perchance for need do that which were A prisner for ransome in France,

ri)>ht hainoiis in his sight.
Well, to my purpose then,

wiicn wc to lone thus crie,
To hclpi- vs hence poore silly men

from this our miscric.

till God send time and tide.
From whence this idle rime

to Kngland I doc send :
And thus till I haue further time,

this Tragedie I end.

n. Baker.

A meeting at Sir William Gerard* house the 1 1 of luly l.'>64. for the setting foorth
of a voyage to (iiiinca, with the Minion of the Queens, the lohn Baptist of Lon-
dun, and ihc Mcriinc of M. Gonson.

AT this meeting were these chicle aducnturer<. Sir VVilliam Gerrard, sir William Chester,
»ir Thomas Lodge, Anthonic Hickman, and Edward Cistelin. Where it was agreed that
Francis .\shl)ie should be sent to Deptford lo M. Gonson for his letters to Peter Pet to goe
.ihout the rigging of the \(inion vpon the Queenes maicsties charges, and so the said Francis
t'l repaire with the same letters to (iillingham with money to supplie our charge there.

.Mso that eiuTN one ol' the (iue partners shall foortliwilh call vpon their partners to supply
towards this new rigging and victualling, 2'.) li. lOs. lid. for cuery HX) li. value.

,\lso ih.Tt cuery one of the Hue partners shall foorthwith bring in .JO li. towards the fur-
niture of the premisses.

Likcwiiie it is aj;reed that if M. Gonson giuc his consent that the Mcrline shall be brought
.ilioul from Brisioll to H.impton, that a letter be drawcn whcreunto his hand shall be, before
order be giiicn for the same.

The successc of this V'oiage in part appeareth by ccrtaine briefe relations e.xtraclcd
out of the .second vo\agc of Sir lolui Hawkins to the West Indies, made in the
sayd \cerc I.")tt4. which I thought go(Ml to set downe for want of further instruc-
tions, which hitherto I could not by any meancs come by, albeit I haue vsed all
possible indeuour for the «)btaining of the same: Take them therefore in the
meane Mea.sun as foloweth.

.MAster lohn Hawkins, with the Icsus of I.ubcck a shijj of 700. lunnes, and the Salomon,

3 \' '.i a «hip

'A' III IW '■

<#! 'Mm-

'"t "'"111 I
\,«' f 1^' ft

#'11? '^^.

532

The Minion
of the Queene*

The firing and
tinkinf; of the
M-rliiie hound
for Guinea.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The 7. voi. to Guinea.

a ship of 7 score, the Tiger abarke of 50, and the Swalow of 30 tunnes, being all well fur-
nished with men to the number of one hundred threescore and ten, as also with ordiiia mc
and victuall requisite for such a voiage, departed out of Plimmouth the 18 day of October
in the yeere of our Lord 1564. with a prosperous windc: at which dcpartin}^, in cutting the
foresaile, a marucilous misfortune happened to one of the offici-rs in the ship, who by the
pullie of the sheat was slaine out of hand being a sorowfuii be^inninjj to tlicm all. And
after their setting out 10 leagues to the Sea, hce met the same day with the Minion a sliin
of the Queens Maiesties, whereof was captaine Dauid Carlet, & also her consort the luhn
Baptist of London being bound to Guinea likewise, who hailed one the other after the iiis-
tome of the sea, with certainc pieces of ordinance for ioy of their meeting; which done, the
Minion departed from him to sccke her other consort the Meriinc of London, which was a
Sterne out of sight, leaning in M. Hawkins coinpanie the lohn Baptist her other consort.

Thus sailing forwards on their way witha jirosperous wind vntil the«JI of the same inoncili,
at that time a great storme arose, the wind bein;; at Northeast about i) of the clofkc at •lij^ht,
and continued so 33 houres together, in which storme M. Hawkins lost the company oi' the
John Baptist aforesaid, and of his pinnasse called the Swallow, the other 3 ships bciii^ «iire
beaten with the storme. The 23 day the Swalow, to his no small reioicing, came to him
gaine in the night 10 leagues to the Northward of Cape I"ini>ter, h.uiing put roomer and
not being able to double the Cape, in that there rose a contrary wind at Southwest. The
2b the wind continuing contrary, he put into a place in Ga!icia calle<l Ferol, where he re-
mained 5 daies and appointed all the masters of his ships an order for the keeping of goud
company.

The 26 day the Minion came in also where he was, for the reioycing whereof he g.niie tliem
cenainc pieces of ordinance after the ciirtesie of the Sea for their welci ine, but the Minima
men had no mirth because of their consort the Merline, who at their departure from M.
Hawkins vpon the coa^t of England, they went to seeke, and hauiiig met with her, kept
company two dayes together, and at last by mi>l'orlunc of (ire (through the nei;ligcncc nf
one of the giiiincs') the ponder in the gunner'* roome was set on fire, which with the lir~t
blast >>troke out her poo| , and tliereuilliall lci>t ■'{ men, besides tuany sore burned (wtiich
escaped by the Jkigandine being .it her sternc) and immediatly to the great los!,o of the
owners, and mo^t horrible sight of the bchoMers, she sunke before their eies. The H) d.iv
of the m meth M. Hawkins with his C)ns( rts and company of the Minion hauing now hoih
the Brigandines at her sterne, weighed anker, and set -iiilc on their voiage hauing a priis])er-
ous wind tiienunto. The 4 of Nouember they had sight nl the Hand of Madera, and the (I
day of Tenerillii, wliich they tiiought to haue bene tiie Caiiaric, in that thev supposed iheiii-
sclucs to haue bene to the liasiward of Tenerilia but were not: but the Minion be\ng it or
4 leagues a head of vs kept on her course to Tenerilia, haiiini; better sight thereof then the
other had, and bv that means they ;)arle(l coiupany.

The lorevud Sir lohn Hawkins p.i»ini; on his voiage bv Cnio Verde, and Sierra l.eoiKi,
and afterward crossing oner the luaine Ocean loiumiiig to the towne of Burboioata v|)oii the
coast of Terra firma in 'ho West Indies, had further infurmation of the euill successe of this
Giiiiiean vovaL;e, as in the same hercal'tiT is verbatim mentioned.

The 20 of April, we being at anker without the road, a Trench shij) called the green Drn-
gon of Newhauen, whereof was taptaine one Bon Temjis tame in, who saluted vs alter ilic
maner of the sea, witli ccrtaine |)iiccs of ordinance, and we resaluled him with the iil.c
againe: with whom hauing communication, he derlared ihit hec had bene at thi Mina in
Guinea, and was beaten off by llie I'ortngals gallics, and enlorced to cotne thither to in:ikr
sale of such wares as he had : and (iirtlier that the like was hapned vnto the Minion : ;iU(i
tliat captaine Dauid Carlet, & a marchant, with a dozen mariners were betraiedbv the Negrns
at their first arriuall thither, remaining |)risoners with the I'ortngals, besides other misadncii-
tiiros ol the iosse of their men hapned through the great lacke of fresh water, with greiil
doubts of bringing home the ships : which was most sorowfuii for vs to viidcrstand.

.■■.:■. The

e 7. vot. to Guinea.

being all well fiir-
also with ordinate

■ 18 (lay of October
rlins, in cutting the
le ship, who by the
IT to tliem all. And
h the Minion a ship
^CT consovt the lnhn

other after the nn-
ng : which done, the
London, which was a
1\CT other consort.
I of the same nioncili,
)f the clo'-kc at 'lif^ht,
,t the company nl the
cr 3 ships Ijeiiij; -nrc
ioicinji, came to him
iiiinj!; put roomer and
ul at Southwest. The
d Fcrol, where he re-

■ the keeping of S""^

• whereof he pane llu-m
cme, but the Minioiw
r-ir departure from M.
ini; met with her, ki'iit
ui^h the nei;linenie i.f
n", which with the lir«t
,v sore burned (which
1 'the great losse of the
:heir cies. The iO <lav
inion haning now bdih
oinge h.iuiiig a prospcr-
ul of Madera, and the ti
lat thev supposed tliem-
the Minion bevng.'lor
r si<'ht thereof then tlic

M. George Fenner.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

533

■de, and Sierra l.eciia,
f Burbot oata vpon the
le euill succcsse of thi^

p railed the green Drn-
vsho saluted vs nflcr tin-
iiied him with the hkc
,,ul bene at th. Mma m
to come thither to m^ikc
. vnto the Miniun: al«i'
rebctraiedby the Ne-r"-
besides other mi-adncn-
fresh water, with great
to vnderstand.

The

The voyage of M. George Fenner to Guinie, and the Islands of Cape Verde, in
the yeere of 1366. with three ships, to wit, the Admirall called the Castle of
Comfort, the May Flower, and the George, and a pinnassealso:

Written by Walter Wren.

THe 10 day of December, in the yeere abouesayd, we departed from Plimmouth, and
the 12 day we were thwart of Vshant.

The 15 day in the morning being Sunday, wee had sight of Cape Finister, and the same
night we lost the company of our Admiral, wherefore we sayled along the coast of Portugall,
hoping that our Admiral had bene before vs.

The 18 d IV we met with a French ship of whom wee made inquirie for our Admirall, but
he could not tell vs newe.s of him: so we followed our course to the Hands of the Canarie-s,

The 2.') day in the morning we fell with a small Hand called Porto Santo, & within 3 hourcs
wee had sight of another Hand called Madera which is 6 leagues from Porto Santo.

The said '2.5 dav being the day of the Natiuitic, we hoised out our boat, and fet master Ed-
ward Fenner captaine of the May Flower aboord v.s, being in the George, with the master
whose name was Kobert Corti.se and others of the sayd shippe, and feasted them with such
chei re as God had sent vs.

The 28 day we fel with an Hand called Tenerif, which is 27 leagues from the said Hand,
and on the l!ast side thereof we came to an anker in 40 fadome water, within a base shot of
•:hc shore, in a lillc Baic wherein were 3 or 4 small houses: which Bale and houses were
distant from a litle towne called Santa Cruz, a league or thereabout, and as wc rode in the
said B lie. we miglit sec an H.nid called The grand Canarie which was (i or 7 leagt'cs from vs.
The 29 day the May Flower for that she could not fet into f road where wc were at an an-
ker, by reason the wind was oil' the shore, & because she bare more roomer fro the land then we
did, ill the morning came bearing in with the towne of Santa Cruz, thinking to come to an
anker in the read against the towne, and before she came within the reach of any of their or-
dinance, thev sii t at her loure pieces which caused her to come roome with vs, and came at
last to aM anlver by vs. And about one of the clocke in the afternoone, the forenamcd cap-
taine of the May Flower wrote a letter a shore, directing it to the head officer of the t-^'Viie of
Santa Cru/, to the intent to vnderstand the pretense of the shooting ofl'thc said ordinance.

The letter being written, Hobert Couriise master of the May Flower, and Walter Wren
were appointed to deliuer the same a land at 3 or 4 houses to bee conueid to the foresavd
towne, and so went with six men in the boate, and rowed to the .shore as neere as they might,
for setting the boat <.ii ground, for the sea went cruelly at the shore.

Tiie people stood in number .'jO persons with such armour as they had: the fore.sayd Wren
called to them in Spanish, declaring to the that thev liad a letter which they would very
gladly hauecoiuieid viiio the towne, shewing that thev would traflique with them as marchants,
desiring their hcipe tor the* coniieiance of the same letter. With that one of the Spaniards
willed vs to come on land, and we should be welcome, but doubling the worst, the said Wal-
ter answered th»'m that they would not comr on land, vntill they had answere of their letter
which thev had brought.

Whereupon one of the Spaniards vnraied hiinselfe, and lept into the water, and swam to
the boat, whom we recei'ied. And he saluted vs, and demaunded what our request was: we
made him answere, that by mislortune we lost the companie of our Admirall, and being
hound to this Hand to trallique for wines and other tilings necessary for vs, do here mind to
Slav vntill he come.

("oncerning oiir Idler he made vs answere, that he would with ali diligence cary it, and
ilcliuer it ac( ording to the direction, and so the said Walter knit the letter in a bladder,
and deliuered it viilo him, and also gaiie him foure roials of Spanish money (cr his paincs: and
promising that we should haiie answere of it, he tooke his leaue and swamme ngaine on shore,
wiiire the people stood ready to recciiie him. And after that they had talked with him, and \ n-

derstooj

'' : i'

If i

334

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. George Fenner.

.Vl[r.;riUisaiii

A, .J.

■ V-tilv

dcrstood our meaning, some of them threw vp their hats, & the other put them oft" holding them
in their hands, and made vs very curteous signes, alwaics desiring that the boat would come
a land, 'out we resalutingthem rowed backc againe aboord.

The 30 day the Gouernors brother of Santa Cruz came aboord the May Flower with sixc or
scucn Spaniards with him, who concluded with the Captaine that we might come a shore and
traflique with them, but that day wc did not, for we had no sufficient pledge of theirs for our
assurance. Our Captaine entertained them well, and at their departure gaue them fonrc
pieces of ordinance for a farewell, and bestowed vpon them two cheeses with other things.

The said Gouernors brother promised our Captaine that hee should hauc sufficient |)lcd('cs
the morrow folowing, which was not done, whereupon wee grew suspicious, and went not
that day a shore.

The first day oflanuary our captaine sent Nicholas Day and lohn Sumpter a shore, wlio
vvere verv well entertained with as many of our company as went after them.

In the' ^aid Hand is a niaruelluus high hill called the Pike, which is a far ofT more like a
iJDiul ill the aire, then any other thing: the hill is round and somewhat small at the top, it
liatii not bene knowcn that cuer any man could goc vp to the top thereof. And although it
-land in '^h (Ie<;rces which is as hole in January, as it is in England at Midsommcr, yet is the
lop of the s:ii(l hil Winter and Soinmer seldomc without snow.

Ill this Hand aliout two leagues fron) the said Sarta Cruz is a cilic called Anagona.
The third clav wee departed about the Weslerne point of the Hand, about 12 or 14 leamns
from Santa ("niz, into a Haie which is right agavnst the hou-*e of one I'ctro de Souses, in wliirh
IJaie we came to an anker the b day, where we heard that our Admiral! had bene there .it aii
anker T daves before vs, and was gone thence to an Hand called Gomera, whereupon wee set
saile i)rescnilv toseekc hiin.
' The (i day ^^e ranie to an anker against the towne of Gomcra, where we found our .\dmi-
'rail, which » as \erv ioyful of our romniiiig, and we also of his sight

In the s.ivd road hc found lvtl"aid ("ooke in a tall ship, and a shippe of the Coppersmiths c i
I.oiiiion, wiiich the l'(>rtng:il-i had Irci !u'roii>lv surprised in the Baie oT Santa On/, vpoii ihp
<(iast of Harharie, which !>hip «f led there all '•piiletl.

()in(ieiit'iMl \ ninr(liaiii> Ix night in the ^ liil lowne lor our pmuisioii, 14 huts nf wine, whiih

Ci'st 1.) (Iiii'kals a bill, whit h were olVriil \> al Santa Cri./ in Tenerif for S, ;), and 10 diirkji..

I'lic '.• (lay Hcdcjiarlcd Iroiii lliis road to another b.iie, about 3 leagues od'and tlitre Uml.e

ill Irc-li water ; iS. so the 10 d.iv «e .•>et sallc lowardsC.ipc Blanke, which is on the icn-t if

(iiiinea.

The I'i (lav we fell into a Hale to ilic Eastward of C.ipe I'argos, which i^ 3i lenuues from
Cajic HIanke. Hut hauing no knowledge of that coast, wc went with Cape Klanke. and ji
the (all of the land wv mounded ami had It) fadoinc water two le.igiirs from the shore. Tln'
l.iiid is \erv lowe ,iul white -and. \|)on the f.iil of the savd co:i«t licware how vou bomw i:i
I'i or 10 radonic. for uillnii 'i or .'J ( a-l'. oT the lead you lu.n be on ground

The 17 (lav wc -ct >aile lioiii ('.i|)e Blanke, (lire( ling our c (Uirse Soutii and 1>\ I!ast \ S, mli
anioiij;, ,iiul so fell into a Biie in tin l-.a-tw.ini ofC.tpe Verde, about 10 leaniics, and .ih.i,'
»i\c leamies IVoiii llie shore The sa\(l land seemed Mil > vs as il it had bene a ureal niiinlKi
I't shiiipcs vnder saile, being imlced nothing (Is but the land wimli wa-* lull ol lluniniok'i,
Millie high some lowe. with hi:;h trees on them. We bare with the said land till wc
were within 3 leagues of the shore, and then we sounded, and found 2H Cadoiiic waicr,
blacke oasc. 'fhis dav we s.t.v nun h lish in sundrv snils swiininiiig with their noses wiili i!k'
brim of the water.

I'assiiig .iloiig till roa-l we ini^lit see two small iciund hil-, seeming to \n abo.it a lea;;iieciii
Irom the other, whi. !i is the Capi-, and betwcciie iliein .nc j;reat store of trees, and in all inw
(laves sailiii;: wi' saw m land so hi;;h as the said two liils.

I'lie l!l (I i\ wc came to an ani^er al the ('a|)c, in a roade fast i)v the Westerniost side ul
two hils in 10 fa'loiiie ol water where you iiinv ri'le in fiue or si\e fadoine, lor the ground i,
faire, and alwayes \(>ii shall haue the wiiide oll'lhe shore. .And :is soodc as wc were all at .ni

aiikiT

At. George Fetmtr.

them off holding them
I the boat would come

ay Flower with sixe or
light come a shore ami
ledge of theirs for our
rture gaue them fourc
;es with other things.
haue sufficient jilcdi^cs
picious, and went not

Sumptcr a shore, wiio
r them.

4 a far olT more like a

ihat small at the top, it

creof. And although it

Midsommcr, yet is the

ailed Ana^ona.
, about I'i or l+IeamnN
'ctro de Sou*es, in wliirh
rail had hcnc there ,it an
lera, whereupon wecsei

lere we found our Admi-

le oftheCoppersniitlN.i
. of Sant.i Cru/., vpnii the

n, 14 bills iif \>inr, «h:i'n
for rt, 'J, ai'.d 10 dm kji-,

aiMics (lilaiul tlitTC lodkc
which IS on the cr.a>t if

which i'^.l.i lesuui-s In. )
lih C.ipc Hlank»-. ;mhI :
iie-i I'riiin ilic shore, li
twATC how you biuiiw II

rouiui

oulli and In East \ S, iilh
ut IG loanucs, and aboiii
had IxMic a ureal luimlxr
h Nv:.s lull of Ihimmiik^,
h ihc said land till "i
found '2H ladoino \sati;.
with tluir noM's wiiii i!'i'

mio vsaboiitalc;i;;iicrm'
un- of trees, and in ;ili "W

V the We-lcrmost side "I
radoinc, for the f^nuind i.
sdoiic as wc were all at ;iii
aiikir

M. George Feimer.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

anker our General! came aboord va, and with him the master of the Admirall, whose name
was William Bats, and with them the captaine of the Viceadmirnll, whose name was master
Edward Fenner, and Robert Curtise the master, and dined aboord of vs being in the George,
wherein was Captaine lohn Heiwood, and lohn Smith of Hampton master, and there we con-
cluded to goe a land, which was halfe a mile from vs: and by the counsel of William Bats
both Captaine and marchants and diners of the companie went without armour: for he sayd,
that although the people were blacke and naked, yet they were ciuill : so that hee would
needs giue the venter without the consent of the rest to go without weapon. Thus they
rowed to shore, where we being in the shippe might see a great companie of Negros naked,
walking to and fro by the sea side where the landing place was, waiting for the comining of
our men, who came too soone, und landed to their losse as it fell out afterwards.

There went a shore the Admirals skiffe, and the May Flowers boate, and in them the num-
ber of 20 i)ersons or thereabouts, as M. George Fenner the Generall, his brother M. Edward
Fenner, Thomas Valentine, lohn Worme and Pt-ancis Leigh marchants, lohn Haward, William
Bats, Nicholas Dav, lohn Tomson and others.

At their comming to the shore there were 100 Negros or vpward, with their bowes and ar-
rowes ; our Captaincs and merchants talked with them, & according to the vsc of the countn-,
the one demanded pledges of the other, & they were content to deliuer 3 of their Negr''''
for 5 of our men. Our f) mens names were these, Ichn Haward, Wil. Bats, Nich. Day, loh
Tomson, 8c lohn Curtise: these were deliuercd them, and we receiued 5J Negros into our
Admirals skiHe.

Our men being a shore among the Negros, began to taike \\ith them, dcrlaring what ware
and marchandi/.e we had, as woollen cloth, linnen cloth, iron, cheese iS: other things. The
Negros answered againc, they had ciiicf, muske, gold and graines, which pleased our ca^ii-
taines and marchants \cry well. Then the Negros desired to haue a sight of some of our
wares, to the which our luarchants were content, and foorthwith sent aboord one of the boats
lor part of their marchandise, and in the meane time wliile the boaie went to the ship, our
line men were walking on the shore with the Negros, and our Generall and marchants staled
ill the I llicr boat bv the sea side, hauing the '.i Negros with them.

Our boate then came a^aine and briuight iron and other marchandise, with bread, wine,
ac.d cheese which thev i^aiie \i\Ui thein. Then two of the Negro- ( which were the pledijes)
iiiadi" ihemseluts sicke, desiring to goe a shore, promising to send other two for them. Cap-
taine Ilaiward pcrceiuing tiiat our men had let the Negros come a shore, .asked what they
meant, and doubting the worst began to drawe toward the boate, and two or three of theNe-
gro< Inlowed him. And wlien hee eame to the bo.ite they began to stav him, and he in.ade
signcH vnto them that hee w idd fetch them more drinke and bread : notwithstanding, when he
was entering into the lioate. one ol them caught him by the breeches and woidd haue staied
him. hut hee sprang from iim and leapt into the boate, and .as s<ione as hee w.ts in, one of
the Neur.is a shore beganne to blow a pipe, .iiul |)resentlv the otiier Negro that was in our
honte -itting on the boaies side, and master W'ormes sw(>rd bv him, suddenly ilrcw the sword
out ol the scabberd, and cast himselie into the Sea and swamme a shore, and presently the
Nei;ros laied handes on (uir men iliatwere on shore, and •ooke three of them with great vio-
lence, and tore all their apparell from their backes and left them nothing to cor _t hem and
many of them shot so thicke at our men in our boates, that they could scarse set liand to any
Oire to rowe from the shore, yet (by the heipe ofCJod) they got from them with their boaies
although many ol' them were hurt with their povsoned arrowes : and the poison is vncurable,
if the arrow enter wiihiii the skin and drawe blood, and except the poison bee presently sucki
out, i>r the place where anv man is hurt bee foorlhwith cut awa\ , hee dieth vsithin foure daves,
ami within three houre- at'ler they bee hurt or pri< ked, wheresc.eiier it be, although but at the
liile toi', yet it striketh vp to the heart, and laketh aw.iv the stomacke, and causeth ihe j)artie
marueiloiisly to vontile, being able to brooke neither meat nor drinke.

fhe Negros hauing vscd our men with siiih cruelty, whose names weie Nicholas Uav, Ui!-

Itaiii

535

The rooliih
rashnfs of Wil.
Bats ptrsffadinf
the comfiny t*
laud vnarmcd.

Ciuet, inutkf,
guld & grain.,
the L-umniuditte;
of Cape VerJr.

Tlic N.';rt*« t; e-
dicrie.

I)"

■n- im

tiO'.

m0'

i\ ^ •1'

f'y

\ ; \'

336

'#>

A French inter-
preter for Cape
Vudt.

VOYAGES, NAXnOATIONS,

M. George Fenntr.

Tlie djiirer of
y>t>ys ned .ir-
rort'es.

The answere of
uie Negios.

Fo".a v.ita.

A rood admu-
nilijn.

liam Bats, and lolin Tomson, led them away to a towne which was within a mile of the water
side, or thereabout.

The 20 day we sent to land a boate or skifle wherein were eight personr and one of them
was the foresayd lohn Tomson and our interpreter which was a Frenchman, ( {or there was one
of the Negros which spake good French;) and they caried with them two lurquebusses, two
targets and a mantell.

The cause of sending them was to learne what ransome they demaunded for Bats and Day
whom they detained. And whin they came to the shore and told the Negros what they de-
sired, they went and fetched them from among the irees, and brought them loose among for-
tic or fiftie of them. And being come within a stones cast of the sea side, William Bats brake
from them, and ran as fast as he could into the sea towards the boat, and he was not so soone
in the wafer but hee fell downc, either being out of breath or his foote failing him in the sand
being soft : so that the Negros came and fell on him and tooke him and haled him, that wc
thought they had lorne him in pieces: for they tore againeall theapparell from his backe, so
that some of them caried our men againe to the towne, and the rest shot at vs with their niij.
soncd arrowes, and hurt one of our men called Androwes in the smal of the leg, who being
come abdord, (for al that our Surgeons ccnilddo) we thought he would haue died.

Our (iPiicrall (notwithstanding all this villanie) sent agayne to them, and offered ihcm any
thing that they dc>ired for the raunsome of our nie;i, but they wouUl not dcliuer them : giuin.r
vs this answere ; That there \v.as in the foresavd roade, three weekcs before wee came, an I'.n-
glish shippc which had taken three of their people, and vntill wt-e did bring or send tiicin
agaitie, wee should not haue our men although wee would giuc our .liree shippes with their
furniture.

The 21 day a French shippe of the burden of 80 tunnes (or thereabouts,) came to the
place where we were, being bound to traflique at the Caj)e: we told them of the delainini'
of our two men by the Negros: and seeing that these Frenchmen were very well weirnmc
to the Negro<, we wished them to see whether thev could i)roture them againe ot the Kcf;r(i.-,
and hrin;; them aloni; with them, and our (Jenerall promised the Frenchmen KK) li. to ob-
t;iine ihem. So wee ronimiltod the matter to the Frenchmen an<l departed.

Of our men that were hurt liv the Nejiros arrowes, foure died, and one to .saue his liffli.iii
his arnie rut off. .'Vndroues that was last of all hurt, lav lame not able to helpc hini>cllr:
onely two recouerctl of their hurts. So we placed other men in the roomcs of those that y,e
lost, and srt saile.

The 2(> day betweene Cape Verde and Bona \isia we sawe manv flying fishes of ilic hi^-
nesse of herrings, whereof two Hew into our boat, which we towed ut our sterne.

The '.^8 day wr fell with an Hand railed Hona \isia, whidi is Irom Cape N'erde 8(> Icaiiiic.
The Northside ot the sayde Hand is full of white sandie liils and dales, and some^^ll;ll hi^h
land.

The sayd day wee came to an anker within the VVeslermo«f point, about a league witiiin iln'
point, and found in our sounding laire sai.d in ten fadome water, but you may go nccic till
you be in liuc or six ladoiiie, lor the ground is faire.

As so(ju' as we were at an :niker, our (Jenerall sent his pinnasse a land, ami found fine
or si\e -u'.all liou-c-, but the people were lied into the mountains: and the next dav he sent
a shore auaine, and met with two PorlUKals, who williuylv went aboord with his men. and ,.l
their comi'iing he welt oninied them, alihi ugh thev were but poore & simj)le, and gaue laili
of them a paire "f shoes, and so st t lluin a shore againe.

The .'!() dav we weighed \- sailed into a Hav within a smal Hand about a league from ^s, and
tooke plentie of diners s<irtes ol (i^he. i he foresavd Hand lieth in sixteene degrees .\iul
if you ineane to anker in the said Bay, vou may borow in (oiire or (iue fadome oi the .Sciiiii-
ermo«t point of the savd Hand, whi( h vou may see when you ride in the road. Hut l)e\v:iic
of the mitldle < I the liaie, for there lieth a ledge of rocks, which at a lowe water breakelh,
yet there is three fadome water ouer them.

Tiic

M. George Ftmer.
n a mile of the water

lonr and one of them
an, \ for there wa» one
wo harquebusses, two

nded for Bats and Day
Negros what they dc-
them loose among for-
ide, William Bats brake
nd he was not so scone ■
failing him in the sand
jnd haled him, that we
larell from his backe, so
shot at vs with their j)oi-
. of the leg, who being
lid haue died.
ti, and offered ihein any
ot dcliuer them : giuin-
jcfore wee came, m\ Un-
did bring or send them
,hrcc shippcs with tlicir

ereaboiits.) came to the
,ld ihcin of the dclainini;
were very well welcome
icm againe ot the N(};rc^,
rrt-nchmcn UK) 11. t.. (!>
h'partcd.

ul one to sane his life had

I able to htlpe him-cllc;

n.omcs of those that \sc

living fishes of the \)k-

■A our Sterne.
., Cape Verde Wi lia-uf-.
dales, and somcsvluit high

.about a league \siilii" 111.-
luit you may go necrc till

.e a land, and found fine
and the next day he Miit

word with his men. and;,!
& simple, and gaue eaih

hnut a league from Nsan.j

in sixteenc degree-* -^i;'!

i;,K- fadomi- ol' the S.uiii-

i„ ,h,. road. lUu beware

at a lowe water brcakeili,

M. Guoigc Ftnner.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES.

:>37

The last day of laniiaric our Generall with certaine of his men went a shore in the Bale to
the house;), where he found 12 Portugals. In all the Hand there were not aboue 30 persons. Banished Por-
which were banished men for a time, some fpr more yeeres, some for lesse, and amongst them '"*'''■
there \vas one simple man which was their captainc.

They line vpon goats flesh, cocks, heniies, and fresh water ; other victuals they hauc none,
aauing fish, which they esteeme not, neither haue they any boats u> take them.

They re|)orted that this Hand was giuen by the king of Portugall to one of his gentlemen,
who hath let it foorlh to rent for one hundreth duckats a yeerc, which rent is reared onely in
tfoats skinncs. For by their speaches there hath bene sent foorth of the sayd Hand into Per- OtMtstoreof
tugall 40000 skins in one yeere. *°"'**

We were to these men inarucilously welcome, and to their powers very wel entertained,
and they gane vs the fiesh of as many hee-goates as wee would haue, and tooke muchpaines
for vs in taking them, and bringing them from the mountains vpon their asses.

They hauc there great store of the oyle of Tortoises, which Tortoise is a fish which swim-
moth in the Sea, with a siiell on his backe as broad as a target. It raineth not in this Hand but
in three moncths of the yeere, from the midst of July to the midst of October, and it is here
alwayes very hole. Kiiie liaue bene brought hither, but by reason of the heate and drought
they haue died.

The .'J of February wee departed from this Hand, and the same day fell with another Hand
called the Hand of Maiyo, which is 14 leagues from the other Hand: there is in the midst of The lie oi
the way between these two Hands a d.^nger which is .dwayes to be seenc. "''°'

VVc ankred in the Northwest side of the sayd He i:i a faire Uaie of eight fadomes water and
n>ire sand, but here we staled not, but the fourth da\ weighed and sailed to aF'other Hand
called S. lago, which llctli off the .said Hand of Maiyo East and by Sotitii, an 1 about fme leagues s. int-
one from the other. Being come within the VVestermost point, we s;«w a faire road, and a
sm.ill townc by the water side, and also a fort or platformc l)y it : there wc purposed to come
to anker, and ourmarrhants to make some sale. But before we came within their shot, they
let (lie at vs two pieces, whereupon wc went roomer and sailed along the shore two or three
leagues from the road, where we found a small Bale and two or three small houses, where wc
ranie to an anker in 14 fadome faire groinid.

Within an houre after we had ankered we might see diners lior>emen and footmen on the
land right against vs riding and running to and fro.

The next day being the fift of Februarie, a ureat companie of their horsemen and footemen
appeared on the shoare side, vnto whom our (iriierall sent to vnderstande whether they would
quietly trafikc with vs : And they sent hnn worde againe, desiring that they might .speakc
with him, promising that if he came to tralike as a marchant he should be welcome, and also
that he should haue any thing that he or the marchant would with reason demaund.

When this answere was brought vnto our Generall he was very glad thereof and the whole
companie, and presently (with as much speede as he could) he caused his boates to be made
roadie : but doubting the villanlc of the Porlugales, he armed his boates putting a double base
in the head of his pinnesse, and two single bases in the head of the Sklilc, and so sent to the
Mu\-lloure and the George, and willed them in like sort to man their two boates.

These boates being thus manned and well appointed, our Generall entered into his SkifTc,
and with the rest rowed to the shoare where were threescore horsemen or more, and two hun-
dreth footemen readie to receiue them. Our (ienerall maruelled that they came in so great
u number and all armed, and therefore with a llagge of truce sent to them to knowe their
plea-nre : and th.-y answered him with many faire promises and othes, that their pretence was
all true, and that tfu-y meant like Gentlemen and Marrhantes to trafike with him, declaring
al.so that their C.pt line was coinming to speakc with him, and therefore desired our Generall
to come and sptakc with him hlmselle.

With this an>.*<.'re the boate returned, and then our Gener.-'il caused his pinnesse to rowe

111 them, and as he c.iint neere the shoare tlie\ tame In a great companie with much obey-

^an(■c, openir.g their hands inid amies abroide, bowing thenise i.es with their bonnets ofl", with

:is much humble s;>hitatioiis outwardly as the\ ini<;ht : earnestly desiring our Generall and

vol. II. J Z Marchant"

I T I

i i'

,(fc ' t

'.illii,

'hi

y't

'( Jl

538

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. George Fenner.

'ihf irf^ion of
the i'onu^all IQ
S. Iigo to our
men.

Tl.t Idf i.t Fi.f.

Marrhants to come on lande to them, wherevnto he would not agree without siidifient gai'cs
of Gentlemen and Marchants. At length they promised to sende two gaj^es to our Oeiicnils
contentment, promising fresh water, victuall, money, or Negroes for ware if it were such as
they liked : and therefore desired our Generill and Marchants to sende them a shnarc in writ-
ing the quantilic of their wares, and the names of them : all which our Gcnerall departed to
ptrformc, looking for their answore the morrowe following. And being gone a litk- from
the shoarc, he caused his bases, curriers, and harquebusses to be shot oil', and our ships In
like case shot ofT'fiuc or sixc pieces oC great ordinance, and so came aboord to prepare ilic
note. The Portug;iIes most of them departed, sauing those that were left to watch and to rc-
ceiue the not,-, which about foure or Mue a clocke in the aftcriioone was sent, and it wns re-
ceiued. Kut all flic purposes of ihc Porlug:ils were vill.iinou-^ly to betray v* (as shal :ippcare
hereafter) althouuli we meant in truth and houcstie, frieiully to iralike with them.

There was to the Westwards of vs and about two leagues from vs, a fowne behinde a Odjin
fast I)v the sea side, where thi'v had ccrl:iiMC Curauels, or shippes and also two nrigaiulinc*
whereof they (with all the specde that t'lcy miglit) ni.ide reailic foure Carauels, and butli (lie
brigandines which were like two Gallies, and fiirni.shed ihcni both with men and ordinance a>^
much a.s thev could carrie, and as sooneasit was night, tlicy came rowing and falling towiirdis
vs: so that the land being high and weather somewhat cloudc or m\stie, ami they comniini; all
the way close vnder the shoarc wc could not sec them till they were right against one of our
ships called the May-lloure.

By this time it was abopt one or two of the cloekc in the morning, and the Mav-(loiire
roadc neerer them then the other two t)v a base shotte, so they made a sure account either |m
haue taken her or burnt her. In the mcaiic time our men that had the watch (litle thinking'
of such villainous treacheries after so manv faire wonlcs) were singing and pla\ing one uiih
the other and made such a noysc, that (beiuij but a small gale of winde, and riding nccre ihu
landc') they might heare vs from the sho.irc : so that wc sup|)oscd that tliev nuulc acdumi
that we had cspvcd them, which indecde wc had not, neither had anv one piece of ordinaiuc
primed, or anv other thing in a reaiiiiicsse.

Thev came so necre vs that they were within gunshot of \-i, i<i: ilicn one of our im..,
chanced (o see a light, \- then huikini.^ out '•i)ied the 4 ships, and -uddcniv ciied out, (Jallii-
gallics, .11 which cry we were all ama/ed, and loorlhwith thr\ shot .it vs all the great urIi-
iKiru c that they had, and their liar(|uebiisses, ar.d curriers, mu\ so ll^'hted ccrlainc t^ollke^ i r
pieces f wildc fire, and all of them with one Milce (is well 'hc\ on the shoarc as thev in tin-
shippes '1 gaue a great shoutcand so continued h:il|owing with :,r('at iiovscx, slill ai)pr(achiii"
neerer and nccrer wiio the .May-(l"ure Wc (with all the specde that wc might) niaih'
readie one piece f>f ordinnncc and shottc at ihem, wliic h caused tlicm somewhat to stav, »,i
thev charg<'d their onlinaiu e and sh'if at vs frc^hlv againe, and while thev shotte this scVonI
time al v>-, wc had made readie three pieces which we shot al them, i)iil the\ approdir,!
still so iiecrc, ih,it at la-t we mii;hl Ikuic -.hot a sheafc .irrowc to tlieni Wliere\ pon we Iliiii: ■
a gnle of winde i 11' the -ho.ire ho\«ed i ur fore»ayle, ami cut our cable at the li.iwsf, .mjl vii.,",
towarde our .\ilniir,ill, .iiul they conliniu'd folhiwiii;.; ami -hooting .it vs, and >.orn( lime at cur
Adniirall, hut o'.ir Ailmirall shottc one sue h pie< c al them, that it made ihem to rc-lirc, and .it
length to warpe awav like traileroiis \ il|.iinc~. and ;i!il,i.iii>li thev itiiis •.iiildeiil\ shot all llicir
shot al vs, vet thev hurt neither mm it l)i\e o|' cit-, hiil wh.it wc did to them wc know
not.

But seeing the villanie of these me;, w thought it best to stay there no lon<rfr, but iiiMic-
di;itlv set sayle towa.des an Hand (.died Imicho, Vi leagues Ir''.!! the said H.unl of S. i.i^o.
.•\t whiih Island of I'licgo we cinic to an anker the II d.iv oi • ,|, tnoiictli. an'iilist .i whlc
chappell 111 the West end of the sa\d Hand, within hall'e a Icagiie id" a litl<- towiic, and wiih
in .1 league or t'lercabout of the Mterniost (ioi;:f ol the s;iii| NJaiul,

In this Maud is a manieilous hl^h hill whiih dolli burne continualK , and the inhahil.iiii-
rcpi Tted ihat .ilioiit ihree \eercs p.ist the wh. le M ini! w.is like (o be luirned with the ahui,-
dance (d fire lh.it came c'lit of it.

About

C'.t'

M. George Fenner.

out suffirient ga>!;c»
ge« to our Gener;il»
V if it were sucli as
em a shoare in writ-
jcnerall departed to
g "^one a litlo from
(f, and our sliips in
onrd to prepare tlic
t to watch and to rc-

I sent, and it was rc-
y vs (as shal nppcare
ilh liieni.

iwnc bchindc a poim
ilso two Brigandincs,
laraucis, and both the
iicn and ordiiiaiK c as
ijand fjllinglow;irdes
and ihcy lomniini; all
'lit against one of cnir

, and the May-noure
-urc account eitlirr t"
watch (litle thinkin;'
and pla\ ing one wiih
and riding ncerc ilu'
lat tliey made acdmiit
)ne piece of ordinaiue

then one of onr im;i
lonU ( ricd out, (Jallii«.

vs all the great nrdi-
tcd cer;aine tronkc^ i r
u- shoare as they in llu'
iv-cs, still a|>|)r('acliii .;

tir.il we might) niailc

II somewhat to stay. «.i
ihev shotte this seidivl

•ni, i>iit they appn'dirJ
Whert-vpon we li.iu ■ j,
at the hawsc, anil uci.i
,s, and ■.iiiu( time al > ,;
c them to retire, ami ..t
I vuddenK ^hrt all thfir
L- did to tlu'n\ wc kll u

re 111! longer, Inil inMic-
ic said I!,ind t<f S, |,i;o.
Tnoiicth. agiin>I a \\lrit>
r a litle fovsne, and villi

lalK, and the inhahif.iiit-
Inirned vmiIi the ahui-

Abiu!

Al. George Fenner,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

539

About a league from the chappel to the Westward is a goodly spring of fresh water, where
we had ai much as we would. Whcate they haue none growing here, but a certaiiie seede i-.-

that they call Mill, and certaine peason like Guinie peason, which Mill maketh good breade, Miiu
but they haue here good store of rother beasts and goaten. Their marchandi/e is cotton, which Cotwn in Fueg»
growcth there.

The inhabitants arc Portugals which haue comandeiuent from the king to trafike neither
with Englishmen nor Frenchmen for victuall or any other thing, except they be forced so to
doe.

There lieth oft' this Island another called Ila I5raua, which is not passing two leagues ouer, ■"" '''"^
it hath good store of goates and many trees, but there are not passing three or foure perdons *"
dwelling in it.

The y.") day of February \\c departed towardes the Islands of Azores : and on the 23 day of """y '«"""■
Marth we had sight of one of thcni called Florcs, and (hen wee might see another Island to "'^'
the Northward of it called Cueruo, lying two leagues or thereabouts olfthe other.

The '^7 we came to an anker in Cueruo ouer against a village of about twelue simple houses ;
but in the night by a gale of winde, which caused vs to drawe our anker after vs wc
hoysed .saylc and went to the aforesayd Island of Florcs, where we sawe strange strcames of
water nmning downe from the high elides by reason of the great abundance of raine that had
sudilenly fallen.

The 2i) day we c.imc againc to Cueruo and cast anker, but a stormc arose and continued
seucn or eight lioures together, so that we let slip a cable and anker, and after the storme
wasalaycd we came againe thinking to haue rccouered the same, but the Portugals had either
taken it, or -poiled it ; the cable was new and neuer wet before, and both the cible and an-
ker were better wcirili then 40 li. .So that wc accompt our selues much beholding to the ho-
nest I'orliigales.

The Is day of April we tooke in water at the Island of Flores, and hauing ai-.kered, ourAp'*
cable was trctted in sunder with a rocke and so burst, where wee lost that cable and anker also
and so departed to our coast.

Then wre set sayle to an Islandc named Faial, about the which lie three other Islands, the
one called Pico, the other .Saint George, and the other Gracio>a, which ,vc had sight of on the
eight and twentieth day.

The '^i) we came to an anker in the .Southwest side of Faial in a faire bay, and 22 fadom
water again«t .i litle lowne where we had both fresh water and fresh victuall. In this Hand
by the report ol the inhabitant-., there groweth certaine greenc woad, which by their speeches Wotd.
is farre better then the wo.id of S. Michael or of Tercera.

The 8 day of May we came to Tercera where wc met with a Portugall ship, and bein-f m.^.
(le-titute of a cable and anker, our Generall caused vs to keepe her companie, to see if she
(iUild coniienienily spare vs any. The next morning we might see bearing with vs a great
sinppc and two C.ir.inels, which we iudged to be of the king of Portugals Armada, and so they
were, whereNpou we prepared our seines for our defence. The said ship was one of the kings ^p,, >ii
(ialliasscs. about the burden of foure hinidred tunnes, with about three hundred men in her, "•'''»"' "Use
ilic shippe beini; well appointed with brasse pieces both great and small, and some of them '""""'
so bigge that their shot was as great as a mans head, the other two Carauels were also very
k^arlike and well appointed both with men and munition.

.\s sdoiie as they wcic wiihin .~hoiteof\s, they waiicil vs amaine with their swords, we
\cepiiig onr coui sc, the gre.ot ■.■ slnppe shot at vs freel) and the carauell also, and we prepared a fight «-
. iir •clues, and m.iile all things < leare lor onr s.d'egard as neere as we could. Then the irreat '""■"' "" ^'■'"
-hijipe sh' t at vs all lier broad side, and her loiire greatest |)ieces.that lav in her stcrne, atid I'wutX""'' ^
Curt with hurt some of our men, and we did the best we could with our shot to requite it.
.\i last two oihi r Cirauels came olflhc shoare, aiul two other pinnesscs full of men, and de-
iiiured them abo.-rd ihr great ship|)e, and so went backe againe with two men in a piece of
tliem. fhe ship .md the Cirauell gaue \s the lirst il.iy three lights, and when the night w.as
.oMie the\ left , iI' shooting, \et nutwithstaiuling kept hard b\ vs all the night. In the mcanc

.•{Z2 ,i,„c

f '

* ^Ar-

il"-ii;'

540

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. George Fenner.

' h

Tbt 7 Ponugil

lifpait with
•danic l"r in
(iiir Kn^lish

time we had as much as wee could doe all the night to mcnde our ropc«, and to strenijihen
our bulwarkes, putting our tniftt in God, and reaoluing our sclues rather to die in our defence
then to bee taken by such wreiche^).

The next day being the 10 of May in the mornii)i!;, there were come to aide the said Por-
tugals foure great Armadas or Carauels more which made seuen, of which 4 three of them
were at the least 100 tunnes a piece, the other not so binge, but all well appointed and full
of men. All these together came bearinj; with vs bcinj; in <v'r Admirall, and one of the ijrcat
Carauels came to lay vs aboorde (as we iudgcd) for they h;ul prepared their false neltinns.
and all things for that purpose, so that the Gallias came vp in our larbuord side, and the
Carauell in our starboord side.

Our Captaine and Master perceiuinji; their pretence, caused our gunner* to make all our
ordinance readie with crossebarres, chanieshotlc and haileshot: so the ship and Carauell rami-
vp, and as soone as they were right in our sides, they shotte at vs as much ordinance ^". ihc\
could, thinking to haue layde vs presently abooni: whereupon we );aue them such n hcntc
with both our sides, that they were both glad to fall aslerne of vs, & so paused the space ol
two or three houres being a very small gale of windc.

Then came vp the other tine antl shot all at vs, and so licll all asterne of vs, & then went
to counscll together.

Then our small barke named the (Jeorge came to vs, and wee conferred together a grrai
space. And as the Portugall shippes and Carauels were comming to vs againe, our barko
minding to fall asterne of vs and so to come vp againe, fell cpiickly vpon the lee. and l)\
re.ison of the litle winde, it was so long before she could till her sailes againe, that both the
shippe and Carauels were come vp to vs, and she falling in among them made reasonuhic
shift with them, but they got a head of her, so that she could not fetch vs: then 5 of tin
Carauels followed her, but wc saw she defended her selfc against them all.

Then came the great shippe and the Carauell to vs, and fought with vs all that day with
their ordinance.

The May-flourc our other consort being \cry good by the winde, tooke the benefite thcrcdf
and halde all that day close by the winde, but could not come neere vs. So when nijjhi
againe was come, they gaue oucr their tight and followed vs all the night.

In these many lights it eould not otherwise be but necdes some of our men must be slaine,
( as they were iiidcede ) ami diners hurt, and our tackle invich sp.)vle<l : yet for all this we did our
best indeuour to rcpaire all things, and to stand to it to the deatli with our assured trust in
the mercic and helpe of God.

This night the Stay-floure came vp to vs, and our C.iptaine tolde them his harmcs am!
spoyks, and wished them if they could spare halfe a dosen fresh men to hoyse out their
boatc and seiide them to him, but they could not spare any. and so b.ire awav againe. Which
when our enemies siwe in the next morning that we were one from another, they came vp to
vs againe and gaue vs a great fight with much hallowing and hooping, making accompt cither
to boorde vs or els to sinke vs: but although our com panic was but small, yet le.ist thev should
.see vs any whit dismayed, when they hallowed we hallowed .tIso as fast as they, and w.uied
1 to them to come and boorde vs if thev durst, but that thcv would not, seeing vs still so
ti'Uragioiis: and hauing giuen vs that day foure fights, at nigiit they I'orsooke vs with shame,
as they .aine to vs at the lirst with j)ride.

They h.id made in our ship some leakes with their shot which we againe stopped wilii ai
speed, and that being done, we tooke some rest after our long labour and trouble.

The next day in the morning the May-flourc came to vs, and brought vs sixe men in her
boale which did vs much pleasure, and we sent to them some of our hurt men.

Then we directed our course for our owne f ountrev, and bv the second day of lunc we were
neere to our owne co:ist and sounded being thwart the l.x /.ard.

The third day we had sight of a shippe which was a I'orliiL'al!, who bare with vs, and at
his (omming to vs (the weather beiin; caimc) mir ('iplaine (auscd him to hovse foorth his
boatc to come abuurd to »peake with him, and at ihoir ccimmiiig our Captaine and Marchanis

demaiuU'd

M. George Fenner.

«, and to Htrengthcn
to die in our defence

to aide the said Por-
liirh 4 three oi" them
11 appointed and full
, and one ol' the <;rt'at
I their false ncllin^s
irbiiord side, and the

nncrs to make all our
hip and Caranell rami-
urh ordinance :> thes
lie them suih a hcatc
K) paused the space ol

le of vs, & then went

fcrred together a grf at
o vs againe, our barki'

vpon the lee, and h\
s againe, that both the

them made reasonalilc
ictih vs: then & of tlu
m all.
ilh vs all that day with

ike the benefite thereof

t-re vs. So when ni<;hi

ii!;ht.

)iir men must be >laine,

•el for all this we did (Uir

ith our xssured trust in

them his harnics and
men to hoyse out ihcir
arc away againe. Which
mother.'they came vp to
, making ac'tompt either
iall, yet least they shmilci

fast as they, and waiieil
Id not, seeing vs still so

forsooke vs with shame,

againe stopped witli al
ur and trouble,
lught vs sixe men in her
r luirt men.
cond day of lune we were

who bare with vs, and at

1 him to hovse foorth hi*

C'aptaine and Marchants

demanded

M. Edmund Hogan.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

541

:i I'

demanded of tliem what ware they had, and whither they were bound, and they made an-

swerc that their lading w.is sugar and cotton. Then our Captaine and Marchants shewed

them tiue Negroes th.it we had, and askr " nem whither they would buy them, which

they were very desirous to doe, and agreed to giue for them 40 rhests of sugar, which chests

were small hauing not aboiic <J(> loaiies in a piece: so they with their boate did fetch fiue of

the chestes and deliiiercd thetn and went for more, and when they had laden their boate and

were come againe, we might see bearing with vs a great ship and a small, which our Cap- A PonugiU

(aine supposed to be men of warre or Rouers, and then willed the Portugales to carie their |{'j|;J;;°\"j','!,',i,

sugar to their ship .igainc, purposing to make our selues readie for our defence. But the Por- viianiej) defend.

tiigales earnestly intreafed our Captaine not so to forsake them, and promised him (if >^tiuom».mal'^'

would .sal'egard them) to giue him aboiie the bargaine ten chests of sugar: whereupon our

Captaine w.is content, and the Portugall not being good of sayle, we spared our topsayles

for her; so at last the foresaid ship bare with vs, and (seeing that we did not feare them)

gaue vs ouer. And the next morning came two others bearing with vs, and seeing vs not

about to flie a iof from thoin forsookc vs also.

The It day of lune we had sight of the Stort, and about noone we were thwart of the bay
of Lime, and so .sounded and had .'?5 fadom water.

The sixt day we came in at the Needles and so came to an anker vnder the Isle of Wight
at a place called Mcadhole, and from thence sayled to Southhampton where we made an ende
of this voyage.

The Ambassage of M. Edmund Hogan, one of the sworne E,squires of her Maiesties
person, from her llighnesse to Miilly .Vbdclmclech Empcrour of Marocco, and
king of Fes and Sus: in the yecre 1577, written by himselfe.

I Edmund Hogan being appointed Ambas.sadour from the Quecnes \faiestie to the aboue
named Empcrour and King Mully Abdelmclcch, doparted with my company and seniants
from London the two and twentie day of April I.i77, being imbarked in the good
ship called the Gallion of London, and arriued in Axafi a port of Barbaric the one and M. Hogan hu
twentie day of May next following, lininediatly I sent Leonell Edgcrton a shoarc with my "'b,','^,". '^"''
letters directeil to lohn Williams and lohn Hampton, who dispatched a Trottero to Marocco Mj>.
to knowe the kings pleasure for my repaire !o the Court, which letters came to their hands
on the Thursday nij;ht.

They with all speede gaue the king vnderstanding of it, who being glad thereof speeded
the next day ccrtaine Captaines with sonldicrs and tents, with other proiiision to Azafi: so
that vpon Whitsunday at night the said Captaines with lohn Bampton, Kobcrt Washborne, and
Robert Lion, and the kings officers came late to A/.ali.

In the meane time 1 remained a boord, and caused some of the goods to be discharged
for lightning of the shippe, and I wrote in my letter that I would not lande, till 1 knewe
the Kings pleasure.

The 22 day being Saturday, the .Make-spcedc arriued in the roade about two of the clockc
in the arternoonc.

The 27 day, being Whitsunday, came aboord the Gallion lohn Ham])ton, and others, gin-
in^' me to vndcrstandc how much the King reiovced of mv safe arriuall, comniing from the
Qucenes Maiestie, and how that for my safe condiul to the Court he had sent foiire Captaines
and an hinidred souldiers well appointed, with .i horse furnished which he vsed himselfe to
ride on with all other furniture accordingly: they wished mccalso to come on lande in the
hcsl urdcr I could, as well for my selfc as mv men, wliich 1 did, hauing to the number of
tenne men, whereof three were trumpetters.

The ships being foiire appointed themseluos in the best order ihev could for the best shew,
and shot oH'all their ordinance to the value of twentie Markes in powder.

.\t my comining a shoare, 1 found all the souldiers well ajjpointed on horsebacke, the Cap-
taines and the Goucrnour of tiie towne standing as neere the water side as they could, with

a lennet

[.' w

tlpi

3 IS

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M, E/lmund Jtogttti.

■■■ J

.'' tn

iJlrr

a Icnnct of the king-*, and receiued mee from the bcalc dcrlaring how jjlad h'l* Maicsiic u;n
of my cafe arriuall, comminji from the Qticcncs Maic'<tie my MisiriNHc, and that hoc hud hcni
them to allend vpon me, it being his pleasure tliat I should tarie there on Hhore (iuc or sixc
daycH for my refreshing.

So being moiintid vpon the lennet, they conducted nifc through the Towne into a (ajrc
tieldc vpon the Sea-side where was a lent proiiidcd for nire, and all the ground spread uiili
Turkic carpets, and the Castle discharged a pcalc of ordinance, and all things neccssarie were
brought into my tent, where I both tooke my tabic and lt)dging, and had other coniicnirni
tents for my scruanl

The souldici's omiir'ned the tents, and watched about vs day and night as long as | |av
there, allK. ugh I soui^ht my speedier dispatch.

In ii«rh«ii« ih.jr ()|, fhc Wt'diieMlay towards night, I tooke my horse and Iraiiciied ten miles to the (ir-ii ijlm,.

hut "ih"y i.-'dfc "f water that we could (inde, and there pitched our tents till Ihe next morning, and so (pj.

in>ii»nfi.iiifi uei|((| till ten of the clockc, and then pitched our tents till fourc, and so traueiled ait loni! d.

whrrr liny can , ,. , i i ,. ■ <•#■ -i i > ""J, JS

•nd wuer. day light would -nfier about 'ifi miles that day.

The next (lav being Tridav I traueiled in like order but eight and tweniie milvsat the hkm
and by a Hiuer 'iciii ; about sixc miles within sight of ibeCiiie of Marocco we pitched our
tents,

Iminediatly after came all our English marchants, and llie French on horsebacl^e l<> mrrir
me, and before night there came an Alcayde from the king witii lifiie men, & diucr- iiuilr,
laden with vicluall and banket, for ni\ supper, derlaiing \iilo me hnw glad the kin;; >Iic\m I
Thtiiriiiiirhu- himsclfc to hearc of the Qiiernes Maiesiic, and that his pleasure was 1 should be reioiuij
kini'to our .\m- inl" hi'* couuircy as neuer any (.'hrisijan the like: and desired to knowe what time the luxi
d.i) I would come into his cilie, becau-e be would llial all the ('hristians .is also hi^ nnhilnj,.
should ineetc me, and willed lohn Kam|>ton to be with him curly in the morning, whiJi h,
did.

About seiien of thecloeke being accompanied with the rrench and Kn^li-h itiaichaiiis, and
a great number of souldiers, I passed towards the «ilie, and l/v thai time I h;i(l iraueiled .i
miles, there met me all the Christians of the .Spaniards and Porlii als lo rereiue me, whidii
knowe was more by the kings roininandcment then of anv gucKl wils of liiemsehies: fdrsninc
of them although they speake me faire hung downe their heads like dog-, and e"pe( ialK il,c
I'ortiigales, and I counlenanceii them acconlin^Iy

,So I passed on till I cameuiihin two Kngli.sh miles of llic Cii>e, and then lohti Bainpri.n
returned, shewing me that iKo king v%as so gl.iil of m\ commin,,, I'lal hee could not (icin.c
to doe too much, to shcwe tlie goiui will that hee did owe to the (iiieenes .Muiestie, .md hrr
Hcalme.

Ilis counsellors met me without the gales, ;md at tlie eiitrie of ilic gales, his foi \\-.ui\ \
guard were placed on both sides of my hurso, and so bmuglil me to tic kings palate.

The king sate in his chaire with his Couiim'II about him, . s well the .Moores as the I{|i liio>,
and according lo his order giiien vnio nie before, I there declared my me-sa^e in S|)ani«ii.
and made deliuerie of the (^ucenes iNfaieslies letters, and all that I spake at that |iresei:i m
Spanisit, hee caused one of his hichies to declare the same to the Moores present, m the Larbc
tongue.

Which done, he answered me againe in Spanish, yeelding lo the Quecnes .Maiestie i;rf.ii
thankes, and oflTering himselfe and his countrey to bee at her (Jraces cominainulement, mid
then commaunded cerlaine of his C ounsellers lo conduci mee to my lodging, imt being larrr
from the Court.

The house was faire after the fashion of that countrey, being daily well furnished with a!
kind of vicluall at the kings i barge.

The same night he sent for mee lo the Court, and I had conference with him about ihc
spa( e of two hourcs, where I throughly declared the charge coniinilled vnto mee from lur
Maiestie, finding him conformable, willing lo pleasure and not lu vrge her \faiestie with any

dcmauiulcs

liusadour.

The .^pjniirdt
and l*i>itu);aUa
wrrr cnmaiiil«d
hv fhr kiii^ III
painc xfdfath,
M menelhf F-n-
gtiih Amhaiaj-
dour.

M. EdmHitd llogati.

}f. Edmund Itogun.

THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

ninht as lonj; as I by

ily well ful•lli^lH'll wilh al

(IcniaiinilcH, more tlicn comiciiicully slice miKlu willingly consent vnto, hec knowing that
Diit of his coinitrcy the Uealme of iinglantl mlglit be better scriicd with lackcs, then hec in
comparison from vs.

Further he gaiie ine to vnderstaiul, that the king ol Spaine had sent vnto him for a licence, Tii«kin|of
that an Ainbassadoiir ol his mi-'ht come into his countrey, and bad in.ide great mcanes that spaincKmiht <•
if the Qucenes niau-siv ofKngiaiul sent any vnto bim, that he would not giiic hiin any credit Qi;«nt*iiet
oriiitcrfai imeni, allieit (said he) I know wh:it the king of Spiine is, and what the (iueciii' of '^'"'""'"'*"'
Kngh'id and licr Healme is: (or I neither like ol' him nor of his religion, being ho goucrned
by the Inquisition that he can doe nothing of himsell'e.

Therelore w!n'n he commeth vpon the licenre which I haue granted, he shall well Hce how
jille a( count ! will make ol' hiiu and S|)aiMe, and how greatly I will extoll you for the
QucenC'i m;iiesiic of I-jigland.

He s- all not come to mv presence as you haue done, and shall da\ly : for I minde to accept
ofyimas mv compa'iiou and cjueof my house, whereas he shall attend twcntic dayes after he
hath (lone his mes-age.

Alter the end ol this speech I deliuered Sir Thomas Gresham« letters, when ax he tooke me
by the hand, and led me downe a lonn court ti> a palace where there ranne a fairc fountaine
of water, and there sitting himselle in a <iiaire, he connn.mded me to sit downe in another,
and there called for "uch simple Musii ians as he hail.

Then 1 presented liim \viib a great baso Lute, which he most thankfidly accepted, and then ThikinjofBii.
be was desirous to heare of the Musicians, and I toide liim that there was great care had to i"l\^2iotM>i-
j)rouide them, and that I did net doubt but vpon n\\ returne they should come with the first ""»"••
ship, lie is willing to giue them good iniertainment with prouision of victuall, and to let
them line .iccording to their law and lonscient c wherein be vrgeth none to the contrary.

I (inde bim to be one iliat liueih greatly in the I'eare of Ciod, being well exercised in the
Scriptures, as well in the nide Testament as al-o in the New, and be lieareth a greater alVee-
fion to our Nation then to others because of our rv ligion, which (crbiddelh worship of Idiils,
and the Moores called him the Christian king

The same iii;.;lit being the first of lune, I continued with him till twelue of the clocke, and
he seemed to bane so good liking of me, that he tooke from his girdle a short dagger being v rich jift ht.
set with liJlK) stones, rubies and turkies, and did bestow it vpon nie, and so I being conducted Ambasudiur!"
returned to mv lodging fr that time.

The next day because he knew it to be Sunday & our Sahboth day he did let me rest, fint
im the Munday in the afternoone he sent for me, and I had conference with him againe,
and muticke.

Likewise on the Tuesday by three of the clocke he sent for me into his garden, finding Inm
l.ivd vpon a silke bed coinplayning of a sore leg: yet after long conference he walked into
.iii(ithcr Orchard, where as hailing a fiire bankelting-hi>use and a great water, and a new
);,illie in it, he went aboord the gallic and tooke me with him, and passed the space of two
or three houres, she\Niiig the great e\|)eriei;<e he bad in Ciallic-, wherein (a« he said) he
li.id exercised bimselfe eighteene \eres in his voiilh.

After supper he shewed me his horses and other commodities tli.^t he had about his bouse,
and since that nisiht I bane not scene bim, for that be hath kept in i\ith his sore h'gge, but
hi' hath sent to me daily.

rhe {.'{ of lune at sixeof the clocke at night I hail .in.iine .uidicnce of the king, and I con- lune,
tinned with bim till midnight, hailing debated as well fr the QiieeniN commis-ioii as for the
well ilerding with her marcbants for their trallike here in these parts, saying, he would do much
more for the (iueenes mai,-sty and the Healme, oU'ering that all I".iigli-h shi|)s with her sub- Tiuctrrnoithe
ieds niav with good secuiilie enter into his ports and doniinioiN .is well in tiade of marchan- '""8 '>'"■'' K"-
disc, as (or vii tuall \ water, as also in time ol w.irre with any her enemies to bring in prises
and to make sales as occasion should serue, or else to depart againe with them at their
pleasure.

Likewise for all Knglish ships that shall pas-c along hi.s ceast of Harbarie, \- thorow the

straites

\ I'. 1

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0

I.I

Ui^m 12.5

40 mil 2.0

12.2

III

1.25 1.4

lll'-^

6" —

►

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. US80

(716) 873-4S03

%^'

3i^

^"^

544

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Edmund Hogan.

1* t'vi

straitcs into the Lcuant seas, Ihat he would graimt safi- conduct that the naid ships and inar-
, chants with their goods might passe into the Lenant seas, and so to the Turks dominions, anil

the kinii of Argiers, as his owne, and that he would write to the Tnrke and to the king ol
Argier his letters for the well vsing of our ships and goods.

Also that hereafter no Englishmen that by any meancs may be taken captiues, shall be sokle
within any of his dominions : whereupon I declared that the Qiieeiies maicsty accepting of
these his offers was pleased to confirme the intercourse & trade of our marchants within this
his countrey, as also to pleasure him with such commodities as he should haiie need of, to
A i«od prouiso. furnish the necessities and wants of his countrey in trade of marchandi/c, so as he required
nothing contrarie to her honour and law, and the breach of league with the Christian princcji
her neighbours.

The same night I presented the king with the case of combes, and desired his maiestie to
haue special regard that the ships might be laden backe againc, for that I found litle store nf
salt-peter in readinesse in lohn Bamptons hands. He answered me that 1 should haue all the
assistance therein that he could, but that in Sus he thought to haue some store in his hoiisr
there, as also that the Mountayners had made much in a readinesse: I requested that he would
send downe, which he promised to doe.

The eighteene day I was with him againe and so continued there till night, and he shewed
me his house with pastime in ducking with water>Spaniels, and baiting buls with his Eiigli^ili
dogges.

At this time I moued him againe for the sending downe to Sus, which he granted to doe,
and the 24. day there departed Alcayde Mammie, with Lionell Edgcrton, and Kowl:ind (iiiy
to Sus, and caried with them for our accompts and his company the kings letters to his brother
Muly Ilammet, and Alcayde Shauan, and the Viceroy.

The 23. day the king sent me out of Marocco to his garden called Shersbonare, with hi*
gard, and Alcayde Mamoute, and the d'i. at night I came to the court to see a Morris daiue,
and a play of his Elchies. He promised me audience the next d;iy being Tuesday, but he put
it ofT till Thursday : and the Thursday at night I was sent for to the king after supper, and
then he sent Alcayde Rodwan, and AIcaydeGowry to confcrrc with mr, but after a little talkr
I desired to be brought to the King for my dispatch. And being brought to him, I preferred
two bils of lohn Bamptons which he had made for prouision of Salt-peter: also two bils fir
the quiet traflique of our English Marchants, and bils for sugars to he made by the lewcs, a>
well for the debts past, as hereafter, and for good order in the Ingcnios. Also I mooued him
againe for the Salt-peter, and other dispatches, which he referred to be agreed vpon by ih(
two Alcaydes. But the Friday being the 20. the Alcaydes could not intend it, and vpon .Sa
turday Alcayde Rodwan fell sicke, so on Sunday we made meancs to the King, and that nrici-
noone I was sent for to confcrrc vpon the bargainc with the Alcaydes :ind others, but did not
agree.

Vpon Tuesday I wrote a letter to the King for my dispatch, and the same aftcrnoone 1 was
called againc to the Court, and referred all things to the King, accepting his ofler of Salt-
peter.

That night againe the King had me into his Gallic, and the Spaniels did hunt the ducke.
The Thursday I was appointed to way the :iOO. kintals grosse of Salt-pcter, and that alter
noone the Tabybe came vnto mee to my lodging, shewing mee that the king was oflended wit:>
lohn Bampton for diuers causes.

The Sunday night late being the 7. of July, I got the King to forgiue all to lohn Baiuptoii,
and the King promised me to spcake againe with me vpon .Munday,

Vpon Tuesday I wrote to him againe for my dispatch, and then liee sent Fray Lewes to met.,
and said that he had order to write.

Vpon Wednesday I wrote againe, and he sent me word that vpon Thursday I should cciiu
and be dispatched, so that I should depart vpon Friday without laile, beijig the twcltth of luly.
So the Friday after according to the kings order & appointment I went to the court, iS:
whereas motion and petit) >n was made for the confirmation of the deniaunds which I had pre-
ferred,

'i&t

(I. !i

M, Edmund Hogan.

he Haid ships and inar-
; Turks dominions, and
ke and to the king ol

I raptiues, shall be soUlc
:s maicsty accepting of
r marchants within this
should h;uie need of, to
idi/.c, so as he required
ith the Christian princes

desired hi» maiestie to
that 1 found litle store of
hat 1 should haue all the

some store in his house
I requested that he would

till night, and he shewed
ting buls with his English

which he granted to dm-,
rcrton, and Kowhind Ciuy
kings letters to his brother

led Shersbonarc, with his
urt to see a Morris dance,
beinff Tuesday, but lie put
i>e kins after 'supper, and
1 mc, but after a little lalke
brought to him, I preferred
t-petcr: also two bils fii
, he made by the lewcs, a>
[•nios. Also I mooued liim
I to be agreed vpon by iht
lot intend it, and vpon Sa
to the King, and that alici
^■des ;ind others, but did nol

d the same afternoone I was
accepting his ofler of Salt-

iniels did hunt the ducke.
f Salt-peter, and that alicr
It the king was offended witu

forgiuc all to lohn Batnpton.

lav.

hccsciit Fray Lewcs to mce..

MU\ Thursday I should c.-mc
lilc, being the twelfth ot lulv.
flit I went to the court, *:
»e dcmaunds which 1 had pre-
ferrcil,

M. Tho. Stukeley.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

54l>

ferred, they were all granted, and likewise the priuileges which were on the behalfe of our The Emperor ef
English marchants requested, were with great fauour and readinesse yeelded vnto. And where- ^™„^'^''
as the lews there resident were to our men in certaine round summea indebted, the Empe- EniUih.
rors pleasure and conimandement was, that they should without further excuse or delay, pay
and discharge the same. And thus at length I was dismissed with great honour and speciall
countenance, such as hath not ordinarily bene shewed to other Ambassadors of the Christians.

And touching the priuate affaires intreated vpon betwixt her Maiestie and the Emperour, I
had letters from him to saiisfie her highncsse therein. So to conclude, hauing receiued the
like honourable conduct from his Court, as I had for my part at my fint landing, I embarked
my Hclfc with my foresaid company, and arriuing not long after in England, I repaired to
her Maiesties court, & end?d my Ambassage to her highnesse good liking, with relation of
my seruicc performed. ^- v .

The voyage of Thomas Stukeley, wrongfully called Marques of Ireland, into Barbary
1578. Written by lohannes Thomas Freigius in Histuria de caide Sebastian!
Regis Lusitania;.

VEnerant autem ad regem etiam sexcenti Itali, quos Papa submini.<itrarat, Comiti Irlandiae:
qui cum Vlissiponem tribiis instructis nauibus appulisset Regi operam suam condixit, eumque
in helium sequi promisit. Cap. 7.

Totum exercitum diuisit in quatuor acies quadratas: In dextro latere primum agmen erat
Veliium & militum Tingitanorum, e6sque ducebat Aluaru.4 Peresius de Tauara: sinislram
aciem seu mediam tcnebant German! 8c Itali, quibus imperabat Marchio Irlandiae, &c.
Cap. I!

Inter nobiles qui in hoc praslio ceciderunt, fuenint, praeler regem Seba«tianum, dux de
Auero, Episcopi Conimbriccnsis Si Portuensi.a, Commissariiis generalis k Papa missus Mar-
chio Irlandiae, Chrislophorus de Tauora, & plures alij. Cap. 13.

The same in English.

Tllere came also to Don Sebastian the King of Portugal 600. Italians whom the Pope sent
vnder the conduct of the * Marques of Irland : who being arriued at Lisbone with three tall ThomuSiuke.
ships, proffered his seruice to the king, and promi.sed to attend vpon him in the warres, &c. ''y "."""'"S".

He diuided the whole .\rniie into 4. squadrons: vpon the right wing stood the first squa- thUuUe.
dron, consisting of men lightly armed or skirmishers and of the souldicrs of Tangier, Generall
of whom was Don Ahiaro Perez de Tauari : the left or midle squndron consisted of Germane*
and Italians, vnder the command of the Marques of Irland, &c. tap. 7.

Of Noblemen were slaine in this battel (besides Don Sebastian the king) the duke de
Auero, the two bishops of Coimbra & of Porto, the Marques of Irland sent by the Pope as
his Commi-«ary generall, Christopher de Tauara, and many others, cap. 1.3.

IT Is fupiher also to be remembred, that diners other English gentlemen were in this bat- «

tell, whereof the most part were slaine ; and among others M. Christopher Lyster was taken
raptiue, and was there long detained in miserable seruitude. Which gentleman although at
length he happily escaped the cruel hands of the Moores; yet returning home into England,
and for his manifold good parts being in the ycere 1586. employed by the honourable the Earle
of Ctimberland, in a voyage intended by the Streights of Magellan for the South sea, as Vice-
admirall, (wherein he shewed singular resolution and courage) and appointed afterward in
diucre places of speciall command and credite, was last of all miserably drowned in a great
and rich Spanish prize vpon the coast of Cornwall.

*0t.. II.

4 A

Certaine

liii

!,-■

!( ■'!

ii*>''in'

f%.l

VOYAGES, NAUIGATI0N8.

Beportg (if China.

'km %m
I 111 ii'i<

Fwiuirii.

C'incto.

Cantan.

Chciiuram*

Xutiamfu,

Gbeliin.

Quianci, or,
Quioat.

r«chi«.

TTifir moiKih*.

Certaine reports of the prouince or China learned through the Portugals there im-
prtioned, and chiefly by the relation of Galeotto Pcrera, a Gentleman of good
credit, that lay prisoner in that Countrey many yecres. Done out of Italian into
English by Richard Willes.

THid land of China is parted into 13. Shires, the which sometimm were ech one a king,
dome by it «elfe, but these many yecres they haue bene all subiert vnfo one King. Fuquicn
is made by the Portugal^ the firtt Shire, because there their troubles began, & they hn«l occa-
sion thereoy to know the rest. In this shire be 8. cities, but one principally more famous
then othera called Fuquieo, the other seuen are reasonably great, the best knowen whereof
vnto the Portugals is Cinceo, in respect of a certaine hauen ioyning thereunto, whither in
time past they were wont for marrhandisc to resort.

Cantan is the second shire, not so great in quantitie, as well accompted of, both by ilie
king thereof, and also by the Portugals, for that it lieth neerer vnto Malacca then any other
part of China, and was first discricd by the Portugals before any other shire in that prouince:
this shire hath in it seuen Cities.

Chequeam is the third shire, the chiefcxt Citie therein is Donchion, therein also standetli
Liampo, with other 13. or H. boroughes: countrey towncs therin are too too many to be
spoken of.

The fourth shire is called Xutiamfu, the principall Citie thereof is great Pa( bin, where the
King is alwayes resident. In it are fifieene other very great Cities : of other townes therein,
and boroughes well walled and trenched about, I will say nothing.

The lift shire hath nameChclim: the great Citie >^anquin chiefc of other fiftcenc cities
was herein of ancient time the royall seat of the Chinish kings. From this shire, & from the
aforesaid Chequeam forward bare rule the other kings, vntil the whole region became one
kingdome.

The 6. shire beareth the name Quianri, as also the principal City thereof, wherein the
fine clay to make vessels is wrought. The Portugals being ignorant of this Countrey, and
finding great abundance of that fine clay tn be soldc at Liampo, and that very good cheape,
thought at the first that it had bene made there, howbeit in fine they pcrceiued that the stand-
ing of Quinzi more neere vnto Liampo then to Cinceo or Cantan was the cause of so much
fine clay at Liampo: within the compassc of Quinri shire be other 12. cities.

The 7. shire is Quicjn^ the 8. Quansi, the 9. Confu, the 10. Vriian, the II. S^hiua. In
the first hereof there bel6. Cities, in the next lb: how many Townes the other 3. haue, wee
are ignorant as yet, as also of the proper names of the 12. and 13. shires, and the townrs
therein.

This finally may be generally said hereof, that the greater shires in China prouince may bcc
compared with mightie kingdomes.

In eche one of tncsc shires bee set Ponchiassini and Anchiassini, before whom are handled
the matters of other Cities. There is also placed in ech one a Tutan, as you would say, a
gouernour, and a Chian, that is a visiter, as it were: whose office is to goe in circuit, and to
see iustice exactly done. By these meanes so vprightly things are ordered there, that it m.iy
be worthily accompted one of the best gouemed prouinccs in all the world.

The king maketh alwayes his abode in the great city Pachin, as much to say in our language,
as by the name thereof I am adnertised, the towne of the kingdome. This kingdome is .so
large, that vnder fiue monethes you are not able to trauailc from the Townes by the Sea
side to the Court, and backe againe, no not vnder three monethes in poste at your vrgcnt
businesse. The post-horses in this Countrey arc lifle of body, but swift of foote. Many doe
traueile the greater part of this iourney by water in certaine light barkes, for the multitude
of Riucrs commodious for passage from one Citie to another.

The king, notwithstanding the hugencKse of his kingdome, hath such a care thereof, thai
cucry Moone (for by the Moones they reckon their monethes) he is aduertised fully of wh.it-
Hoeuer thing happencth therein, by these meanes following.

The

I':

Report* (ff China,

Reporti of China.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

54T

in China prouince may bee

The whole prouince being diuided into shirea, and ech shire hauing in it one chiefe tnd
principall Citie, wherciinto the matterB or all the other Cities, Townes and boroughes, are
brought, there are drawen in euery chiefe Citie aforesaid intelligences of such things as doe
monethly fall out, and be sent in writing to the Court. If happely in one moneth euery Post
be not able to goc so long a way, yet doeth there notwithstanding once euery moneth arriue
one Poite out of the shire. Who so cometh before the new moone stayeth for the deliuery
of his letters vntil the moone be changed. Then likewise are dispatched other PosU backe
into all the i.3. shires againe.

Before that we doe come to Cinceo wee haue to passe through many places, and some
of great importance. For this Countrey is so well inhabited neere the Siea side, that you
cannot goe one mile but you shall see some Towne, borough or hostry, the which are so
aboundanlly prouided of all things, that in the Cities and townes they liue ciuily. Neuerthe-
lesse such as dwel abrode are veiy poore, for the multitude of them euery where is so great,
that out of a tree you shall sec many times swarme a number of children, where a man
would not haue thought to haue k'bund any one at all.

Prom these places in number infinite, you shall come vnto two Cities very populous, and,
being compared with Cinceo, not possibly to be discerned which is the greater of them.
These Cities are as well walled as ary Cities in all the world. As you come into either of
them, there standeth so great and m ghty a bridge, that the like thereof I haue neuer seene
in Portugal nor else where. I heani one of my feHowes say, that hee tolde in one bridge
40. arclies. The occasion wherefore these bridges are made so great is, for that the Coun-
trey is toward the sea very plainc and low, and ouerflowed euer as the sea water encreaseth.
The breadth of the bridges, although it bee well proportioned vnto the length thereof, yet
are they equally built, no higher in the middle then at either ende, in such wise that you
may see directly from tlie one ende to the other : the sides are wonderfully well engraued
after the manor of Kome-workcs. But that wc did most marueile at was therewithall the
hugcnesse of the stones, the like whereof, as we came into the Citie, we did see many set
vp in places dis-habited by the way, to no small charges of theirs, howbeit to little purpose,
whereas n« body -eeih them but such as doe come by. The arches are not made after our
fashion, vauted with sundry stones set together: but paued, as it were, whole stones reaching
from one piller to an other, in such wise that they lye both for the arches heads, and galantly
seme also for the highway I huiie bene astonied to beholde the hugenes.«e of the aforesaid
stones : some of them are xii. pases long and vpward, the least 11. good pases long, and an
halfe.

The wayes echwhere are galantly paued with fouresquare stone, except it be where for
want (if stone they vse to lay bricke : in this voyage ^ee trauailed ouer certaine hilles, where
the wayes were pitched, and in many places no worse paued then in the plaine ground.
This causes vs to thinke, that in all the world there bee no better workemen for buildings,
then the inhabitants of China. The Countrey is so well inhabited, that no one foote of
gniui d I* left vMtilled : small store of cattell haue wc seene this day, we saw onely certaine
oxen wherewithal! the tountreymcn do plow their ground. One oxe draweth the plough
alone, not nnely in this shire, but in other places also, wherein is greater store of cattelF.
These countrey men by arte do that in tillage, which we are constrained to doe by force.
Here be solde the voydings of close stonles, although there wanteth not the dung of beastes:
and the excrements of man are good merchandise throughout all China. The dungfermers
seek in euery streete by exchange to buy this dirtie ware for herbs and wood. The custome
is very good lor keeping the Citie cleane. There is great aboundance of hennes, geese,
duckes, swine, and goates, wethers haue they none : the hennes are solde by weight, and
so are all other things. Two pound of hennes flesh, geese, or ducke, is worth two foi of
their money, that is, d. ob. sterling. Swines flesh is sold at a penie the pound.
Beefe beareth the same price, for the scarcitie thereof, howbeit Northward from Fuquieo and
farther off from the seacoast, there is beefe more plentie and solde better cheape ; We haue
had in all the Cities we passed through, great abundance of all these victuals, beefe onely

♦ A 2 excepted.

♦

''IM

ilfp '

548

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Reporti of China.

' ).

''Ill '''iUi'*

ill

Hmm

l-out'.

Chiin, or,

Ctllrit,

Pcnch.i*«i.

excepted. And if this Countrey were like vnto India, the inhabitant!) whereof eate neither
henne, beefe, nor porlie, but keepc that onely for the Portugais and Moores, they would
be sold here for nothing. But it so falling out, that the Chineann are the greatest eaters in
all the world, they do feed vpon all things, specially on porke, which, the fatter it is, in
vnto them the lesse lothsome. The highest price of these things aforesaid I hauc set dnwnc,
better cheapc shal you sometimes buy ihcm for the great plentie thereof in this countroy.
Frogs are solde at the same price that is made of hennes, and are good meate amongst them,
as also dogs, cats, rats, snakes, and all other vncleanc mcatcs.

The Cities be very gallant, specially neere vnto the gates, the which are maruciiously
great, and couered with iron. The gate houses arc built on high with towers, & the lower
part thereof is made of bricke & stone, proportionally with the walls, from the walles >pwnrd
the building is of timber, and many stories in it one abouc the other. The strength of their
townes is in the mightie walles and ditches, artillerie hauc they none.

The strectes in Cinceo, and in all the rest of the Cities we haue neene are very faire, so
lar<;c and so straight, that it is wondcrfull to behold. Their houses are built with timber, the
foundations onely excepted, the which are layd with stone : in eih side of the strrcles nre
pciitises or continuall (Mrchcs for the niarchants to waike vndrr: the breadth of the streets is
neuerthelcsse such, that in them 15. men may ride commodiously side by side. As they
ride they must needs passe vnder many high arches of triumph that crosse ouer the strectes
made of timber, and carued diucrsly, couered with tiles of fine clay: vnder these arches the
Mercers do vtter their smaller wares, & such as list to stand there arc defended from rainc
and the heate of the Sunne. The greater gentlemen haue these arches at their doores: al-
though some of them be not so mightily built as the rest.

I shall haue occasion to speake of a certaine onler of gentlemen that are called Louteas. I
wil first therefore expound what this word signifieth. Loutea is as much to say in our lan-
guage as Sir, and when any of them calleth his name, he answerelh Sir: and as we do say,
that the king hath made some gentleman, so say they, that there is made a Loutea. And for
that amongst them the degrees are diners both in name and office, I will tell you onely of
some principals, being not able to aduertise you of all.

The maner how gentlemen are created Louteas, and do come to that honour and title, is
by the giuing of a broad girdle, not like to the rest, and a cap, at the commaundement of the
king. The name Loutea is more genemll & common vnto mo. then the qualitie of honour
thereby signified agreelh withall. Such Louteas as doe serue their prince in weightie mat-
ters for iustice, are created after trial made of their learning: but the other which serue in
smaller affaires, as Captaines. constables, sergeants by land and sea, receiuers and such like,
whereof there be in eucry citie, as also in this, very many, are made for fauour: the chieic
Louteas are serued kneeling.

The whole prouince of China is diuided, as I haue .said, into 13. shires, in euery shire at
the least is one gouernour called there Tutan, in some shires there be two.

Chiefe in office next vnto them be certaine other named Chians, that is, high Coni-
missioners as you would say, or visiters, with full authoritie in such wise, that they doe rail
vnto an accompt the Tutans themselues, but their authoritie lasteth not in any shire lon<>(T
then one yere. Neuerthelc.nse in euery shire being at the least 7. cities, yea, in some cif
them 15. or 16. beside other boroughcs and townes not well to be numbred, these visiti'm
where they come are so honoured and feared, as though ihey were some great princes. M
the ycres end, their circuit done, they come vnto that Citie which is chiefe of others in the
shire, to do iustice there: finally busying themselues in the searching out of such as are tu
receiue the order of Louteas, whereof more shalbe said in another place.

Ouer and besides these officers, in the chiefe City of ech one of these aforesaid l.i. pro-
uinces, is resident one Ponchiassi, Capiaine thereof, and treasurer of all the kings reuonucs.
This Magistrate maketh his abo<le in one of the foure greatest houses that be in all these
head Cities. And although the principall part of his function be to be Captaine, to be
treasoiirer of the reuenues in that prouince, & to send these reuenucs at appointed times to

tlie

Reporti of China.

Reports of China,

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

549

the Court: yet hath he notwithstanding by his office also to meddle with matters appertain-
ing vnto iustice.

In the fiecond great house dwelleth an other Magistrate called Anchiassi, a great ollicer Anchiiui.oi
also, for he hath dealings in all matters of iustice. Who although he be somewhat inferior "«""•
in dignitie vnto the Ponchiassi, yet for his great dealings and generall charge of iustice, who-
soeuer seeth the afliiires of the one hou^e and the other might iudge this Anchiassi to be the
greater.

Tuzi, an other officer so called, lieth in the thirde house, a magistrate of importance, Tuii.
specially in things belonging vnto warfare, for thereof hath he charge.

There is resident in the 4 house a fourth officer, bearing name Taissu. In this house is the tiIis .
principall prison of all the Citie. Ech one of these Magistrates aforesaidc may both lay cuill
doers in prison, & deliuer them out againe, except ^ fact be heinous & of importance: in
such a case they can do nothing, except they do meet al together. And if the deed de-
seruelh death, all they toiicther cannot determine thereof, without recourse made vnto
the Chian whcrcsoeuer hec be, or tu the Tutan: and eft sooncs it falleth out, that the
case is referred vnto higher power. In all Cities, not onely chiefe in ech shire, but in
the rest also, are meancs found to make Louteas. Many of them do study at the prince his
charges, wherefDre at the yecres ende they re.sort vnto the head Cities, whither the Chians
doe come, as it hath bene earst saide, as well to giue these degrees, as to sit in iudgcmcnt
ouer the prisoners.

The Chians go in circuit euery yeere, but such as are to be chosen to the greatest offices
mecte not but from three ycercs to three yeeres, and that in certaine large halles appointed
for them to be examined in. Many things are asked them, whereunto if they doe answere
accordingly, and be found sufficient to take their degree, the Chian by and by granteth it LictntiatH.
them : but the Cap and girdle, whereby they are knowen to be Louteas, they weare not be-
fore that they be confirmeil by the king. Their examination done, and triall made of them. Doctors,
such as haue taken their degree wont to be giuen them with all ceremonies, vse to banquet
and feast many dayes together (as the Chineans fashion is to ende all their pleasures with eat-
inn and drinking ) and so remainc chosen to do the king seruice in matters of learning. The
other examinates founde insufficient to proceed are sent backe to their studie againe. Whose
ignorance is perceiued to come of negligence and default, such a one is whipped, and some-
times sent to prison, where lying that yerc when this kinde of acte was, we found many thus
punixhed, and dt-maunding the cnu.se thereof, they saide it was for that they knew not how
to answere vnto certaine things asked them. It is a world to see how these Louteas are serued
and feared, in such wise, that in publikc assemblies at one shrike they giue, all the seruitors
belonging vnto iustice tremble thereat. At their being in these places, when they list to
mooue, be it but euen to the gate, these seruitors doe take them vp, and carry them in seates
of beaten gold. After this sort are they borne when they goe in the City, either for their
owne busincssc abroade, or to sec ech other at home. For the dignitie they haue, and office
they doc be.nre, they be .ill accompanied: the very meanest of them all that gocfh in these
scales is vshered by two men at the least, that cry vnto the people to giue place, howbeit
they neede it not. for that reuerence the common people haue vnto them. They haue also
ni their company certaine Sergeants with their maces either siluered or altogether sillier, some
two, some fourc, other sixc, other eight, conucniently for ech one his degree. The more
principal and chicle Louto.is haue going orderly before these Sergeants, many other with
stanes and a great m.my calchpoules with rods of Indish canes dragged on the ground, so
that the streets being paued, you may hearc afliirrc off" as well the noyse of the rods, an
the voyce of the criers. These fellowes seruo also to apprehend others, and the better to be
knowen they wcarc liucry red girdles, and in their caps peacocks feathers. Behinde these
Louteas come such as doc be.irc certaine tables hanged at slaues endes, wherein is written in
sillier letters, the name, degree, and office of that Louiea, whom they follow. In like ma-
iici- they h.iue borne after thorn liattes agreeable vnto their titles: if the Loutea be meane,
then hath he brought after him but one hat, and that may not be ycalowe: but if he be of

the

•i

m ■'

H-

I !

i:>.

.5'

»M

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Repona of Chhia.

ftthion.

•he betted iort, then may he haue two, three, or foure : the principall and chiefe loufcat
may haue all their hatu ycalnw, (he which among them ixaccompted great honour. The l.ou.
tea for wnrre!), although he be but meane, may notwithManding haue yealow hat*. TheTti-
tans and rhiansi, when they gne abroad, haue beflideii all this before them ledde three or foure
hor<eii %>iih their guard in armour.

Furthermore the LouteaM, yea and all the people of China, are wont to eate their meatc
lifting on Moolc!* at high tabl'cx at we doe, and that very clcanely, although they vsc neither
lable-clothen nor napkins. Whatnoeuer is set downe vpon the boord is first earned before
that it be brought in: they feede with two sticks, refraining from touching their meatc with
ur.thit,i,(ii< their hands, euen as we do with forkes: for the which respect they lesse do neede any tabic
i(ai|iM.ndSi-j. c|„,|,p^ Nc is the nation only ciuill at meate, but also in conueraalion, and in courtesie thev
seeme to exceede all other. Likewise in their dealings after their maner they are so re.idy,
that thev farre passe all other Gentiles and Moores : the greater states are so vaine, that they
line their rlothrs with the best silke that may be found. The Louteas are an idle generation,
without all maner of exerrises and pastimes, except it be eating and drinking. Sometime^
they walkc abroad in the fields to make the souldiera shoot at pricks with their bowcs, hut
their eating pasteth : they will stand eating euen when the other do draw to shoot. The pricke
is a great blanket spread on certaine long poles, he that striketh it, hath of the best man ihrrc
standing a piece of crimson TafTata, the which is knit about his head: in this sort the winnen
be honoured, and the Louteas with their bellies full returne home againr. The inhabiianu
of China be very great Idolaters, all generally doe worship the heauens : and, as w ec arc
are wont to say, (Bod knoweth it: so say they at euery word, Tien Tautee, that is to say, Thr
heauens doe know it. Some doc worship the Sonne, and some the Moone, as they thinkc
good, for none are bound more to one then to another. In their temples, the which they
Afitrihc Dutch do Call Mcani, they haue a great altar in the same place as we haue, true it is that one may
goe roimd about it. There set they vp the image of a certaine Loutea of that countrey, whom
they haue in great reuerence for certaine notable things he did. At the right hand standeth the
diuel much more vgly painted then we doe vse to set him out, whereunto great homage is done
by such as come into the temple to aske counsell, or to draw lottes ; this opinion they haue
of him, that he is malicious and able to do eiiil. If you aske them what they do thiiike of
the soules departed, they will answere that they be immnrtall, and that as soone ns any one
departeth out of this life, he becommcth a diuel if he haue lined well in this world, if other-
wise, that the same diuel changeth him into a bufle, oxe, or dogge. Wherefore to this di-
uel they doe much honour, to him doe they sac/Ifice, praying him that he will make them
like viito himselfe, and not like other beastes. They haue moreouer another sort of temples,
wherein both vpon the altars and also on the walls do stand many idols well proportioned,
but bare headed; these beare name Omithnfon, accomptcd of them spirits, but suih at ir>
heauen doe neither good nor euill, thoiij^ht to be su( h men and women as haue chastly liud
in this world in abstinence from fi-ih and flesh, fed onely with rise and salates. Of that diuel
they make some accompi : for these spirits theycare title or nothing at all. Againe ihry hoMe
opinion that if a man do well in this life, the heauens will giue him many temporall blevs-
ingt, but if he doe euil, then shall he haue inlirmitie<<, diseases, troubles, and pc nurir, and
all this without any knowledge of God. Finally, this people knoweth no other thing then to
liue and die, yet because they be reasonable creature^, all seemed good vnto them we epeake
in our language, though it wore not very sulbcirnt : our maner of praying especially pirated
ihcm, and truely they are well ynongh dispo«e<l to receiue the kno\vle<lge of the trueih. Our
Lord grant for his mercy all things so to be di-posid, that it may sometime be broiijiht to
passe, that so ^reat a nation as this is periwh not for want of helpe.

Our maner of praying so well liked them, that in prison importunately they be.'iuu;;ht vs
to write for them somewhat as cucerning heauen, tlie which we did to their contcntation \V siirh
reasons as we knew, howbeit not very cunningly. As they do their idolatry they laugh ai
themselues. If at any time this counfrcy might be ioyned in league with the kingdome of
Portugale, ia such wise that free acccssc were had to dcale with the people there, they might

l^ythiporcin

Jttporta of CMna.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOVERIES.

561

■II be *oone coniierted. The greatest fault we do finde in them is Sodomie, a vice very eofll-
fflon in the meaner nort, and nothing Htrange among the best. This sinne were it left of them,
in all other thing* so well disposed they be, that a good interpreter in a short space might do
there great goo*!: If, ast I raid, the countrcy were ioyned in league with vs.

Furthermore ihc Lonteas, with all the people of China, are wont to solemnise the dayea
of the new and full Moones in visiting one an other, and making great banquets : for to that
end, a^ I earst said, do tend all their pastimes, and spending their dayes in pleasure. They
arc wont also to solrmnisc ech one his birth day, whereunto titeir kindred and friends do re-
sort of custome, with presents of iewels or money, rcceiuing againe for their reward good
rhcarr. They kccpe in like maner a gencrall feast with great banquets that day tlieir king
was borne. Kut their most principall and greatest feast of all, and best cheare, is the first
day of their new yccre, namely the first day of the new Moonc of February, so that their
lint moncth U Marrh, and they reckon the times accordingly, respect being had vnto the reigne
of their princes : as when any deed is written, they date it thus, Made such a day of such a
moono, and such a yeere of the reigne of such a king. And their ancient writings beare
date of the yceres of this or that king.

Now will I spcake of the maner which the Chincans doe obserue in doing of iustice, that
it may be knowf n how farre these Gentiles do herein exceed many Christians, that be more
butmden then they to deale iustly and in truelh. Because the Chinish king maketh his abode
continually in the riiy of Pachin, his k ngdonie is so great, & the shires so many, as tofure
it haih bene said: in it therefore the goucrnours and rulers, much like vnto our Shiriff'es, be
ap|K>inted so suddenly and speedily discharged againe, that they hauenotimc to grow naught.
Furthermore to koepe the state in more securitie, the Louteas that gouerne one shire are
chosen out of some other shire distant farre olF, where they must leaue their wiues, children
and goods, carying nothing with them but themselues. True it is, that at their comming
thither they doc finde in a re.-)dinesse all things necessary, their house, furniture, seruants, and
all other things in such perfection and plentie, that they want nothing. Thus the king is well
senietl without all fearc of treason.

In the principall Cities of the shires be foure chiefe Louteas, before whom are brought all
matters of the inferiour Townes, throughout the whole Realme. Diuers other Louteas haue
Ihc managing of iusiicc, and rcceiuing of rents, bound to yeelde an accompt thereof vnto
the greater ofliccrs. Other do see that there be no cnil rule kept in the Citie : ech one as
it bchouelh him. (icnrrally all these doe imprison malefactors, cause them to be whipped
and nicked, hoysing (hem vp and downe by the armcs with a cord, a thing very vsuall there,
and accompted no shame. These Louteas do vsc great diligence in the apprehending of Thtieai

theeiies, so that it is a wonder to see a theefe escape away in any City, towne or village. "^

Vpon the sea nccrc vnto the shoarc many are taken, and looke euen as lliey are taken, so be
they first whipped, and afterward layde in prison, where shortly after they all die for hunger
and cold. At that time when we were in prison, there died of them aboue threescore and
ten. If happcly any op<. h.iuing the menncs to get food, do escape, he is set with the con-
demned persons, and |> >M;(ed for as they be by the King, in such wise as hereafter it shalbe
baid.

Their whips be certaine j leces of canes, cleft in the middle, in such sort that they seeme
rather plaine then shiirpe. He that is to be whipped lieth groueling on the ground: vjMn
hii tliighcs the hangman layeth on blowes mightily with these canes, that the standers by
tremble at their crucltie. Ten stripes dr.iw a great deale of blood, 20. or 30. spoile the flesh
altogether, 50. or 60. will require long time to bee healed, and if they come to the number
of one hundred, then arc they incurable.

The Louteas obserue moreouer this : when any man is brought before them to be ex-
amii)cd, they aske him openly in the hearing of as many as be present, be the olTence neuer
so great. Thus did they also behauc themselues with vs : For this cause amongst them can
there be no false witne.sse, as daily amongst vs it fnlleth out. This good commeth thereof,
that many being alwayes about the ludge to hcare the eiiidence, and beare witnesse, the pro-

ccsse

ctll it th< stti"

:>59.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Heporti nf China.

• ^1

i!'

OJ ■ \I

■I ,"''|M

i. h'

A ptllory

rmxe rannot be raUifletl, m it hapneneth inmetimcA with vi. The Moorcii, GentilcM, and
Iewe« haiie nil tlicir iiundry nthc», inc MoorcK do Hweare by their Mmtarun, the Brachman<«
by their Fili, the rent tilcewiNe by the thing* they do worthip. The Chinrann though they be
wont to Hwi'arc by heaiten, by the Moonc, by the Sunne, and by all their Idoleii, in iinlge-
mcnt neiuTlhclcfwe they wwoare not at all. If for Home oflcncc un othc be vMed of any nrip,
by and by with the lra.tt eiiidence he ii tormented, »o be the witnemei he bringcth, if they
tell nut the trueih, or do in any point dinagree. except they be men of wonhip and credit,
who are beleeued without any further matter: the rei»t arc made to confeiisc tiie triicih by
force of torinentM and wltips*. Botideit ihii« order obaenied of them in examination)*, ihcy do
fcare oo much their King, and he where he maketh hi* abode keepeth them no lowr, ilmt
they dare not once Mtirre. Againe, lhe**c Louteas aa great as they be, iiotwithfltandinj; the
multitude of Notaries they haue, not trusting any others, do write all great iirorcsxrs and
matter!* of importance ihemwelues. Moreouer one vertue they haue worthy ol great prainc,
and that i", bring men so wel regarded and accomptcd as though they were nrinccN, \e\
they be patient aboue measure in giuing audience. We poore strangers brought before ihc-ni
mi);ht say what we would, as all to be lyes and fallaces that they did write, nc did we Htaiui
before them with the vsuall ceremonies of that Countrey, yet did they beare with vs ko pa.
tiently, that they caused vs to wonder, knowing specially how title any aduocate or ludgc
is wont in our Countrey to beare with vs. For wheresoeuer in any Towne of Christcn-
domc should l>e accused vnknowrn men as we were, I know not what end the very innorcni*
cause would haue : but we in a heathen Countrey, hauing our great enemies two of ihc
chiefest men in a whole Towne, wanting an interpreter, ignorant of that Countrey langua^T,
did in the end see our great aduersaries cast into prison for our sake, and drpriued of ihrir
Oflices and honour for not doing iustice, yea not to escape death : for, as the rumour gncth,
they shalbe beheaded. Somewhat is now to be said of the lawes that I haue bene able id
know in this Countrey, and first, no theft or murther is at any time pardoned : adulterers nrr
put in prison, and the fact once proued, are condemned to die, the womans husband nuiM
accuse them : this order is kept with men Si women found in that fault, but iheeues ,ind
murderers are imprisoned as I haue said, where they shortly die for hunger and < old. If any
one happely escape by bribing the Gailer to giue him meat?, his proressc goeth further, and
commclh t'l the Court where he is condemned to die. Sentence being giuen, the prisoner i^
brought in publique with a terrible band of men that lay him in Irons hand and foot, with a
bnord at his necke one handfull broad, in length reaching dowiie to his knees, cleft in two
parts, and with a hole one handfull downeward in the table lit for his necke, the whii h they
indosr vp therein, nailing the boord fast together; one handfull of the l)oord siaiidfih vp
behinde in the iictke: The sentence and cause wherefore the fellon was condemned to die,
is written in that part of the table that standeth before.

This ceremony ended, he is laid in a great prison in the company of some other con-
demned persons, the which are found by the kmg as long as they do line. The bord afnrc-
^aid so made tcrmenteth the prisoners very much, keeping them both from re^t, & eke Icitin;;
them to eat cOmodiously, their hands being manacled in irons vnder that boord, so that in
line there is no remedy but death. In the chiel'e Cities of eucry shire, as we haue erst -uid,
there be foure principall houses, in ech of them a prison : but in one of them, where the
Taissu maketh his abode, there is a greater and a more principal prison then in any cf t!:e
rest : and although in euery City there be many, neuerlhelcsse ni three of them reinainc
onely such as be condemned to die. Their death is much prolonged, for that ordinarily tiicrc
is no execution done but once a yeere, though many die for hunger and cold, as we haue
scene in this prison. Execuiion U done in this maner. The Chian, to wit, tl'e high Com-
missioner or Lrd chiefe Iustice, at the yeres tnil goeth to the head City, where he heanili
auaine the causes of such as be condemned. Many times he deliuercth some of them, de-
claring y boord to haue bene wrongfully put about their necks : the visitation ended, he
choscth iii:t seuen or eight, not many more or le-se of the greatest malefactors, the wliii h,
to fcare and keepe in awe the people, arc brouglit into a great market place, where all the

great

V! M

Reports of China.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

553

great Loufcas mortc together, and after many ceremonies and Huperatilionii, t» tlic v<ie of the
Coimtrey !■«, are beheaded. Thi-* i* done once a yeere: who so cHcapeth that day, may be
sure that he shall not be put to death all that yecrc following, and ho remaineth at the king4
charges in the greater prison. In that prison where we lay were alwayes one hundred and
mo of these condemned persons, besides them that lay in other prisons.

These prisons wherein the condemned laytifes do rcmainc are so strong, that it hath not
bene heard, that any prisoner in all China hath escaped out of prison, for in deed it is a
tiling impossible. The prisons arc thus builded. First all the place is mightily walled about,
(he walles be very strong and high, the gate of no lease force : within it three other gates,
before ytiu tome where the prisoners do lye, there many great lodgingi arc to be scene of
the Lodteas, Notaries, I'arlhions, that is, such as do there keepe watch and ward day and
night, the court large and p;iued, on the one side whereof standeth a prison, with two mighty
gales, wherein are kept such prisoners as hauc committed enormious otfences. This prison
is so great, thai in it are sirectes and Market places wherein all things necessary are sold.
Yea some prisoners line by thui kiiidc of trade, buying and selling, and letting out beds to
hire : some are dayly sent to prison, some dayly deliucred, wherefore this place is neuer
void of 7. or eight luindred men that go at libertic.

Into (IMC oilier prison of cniulemned persons shall you go at three yron gates, the court
paued and vauled round about, and open aboue as it were a cloister. In this cloister be eight
roomcs with yron doores, and in cth of them a large gallerie, wherein eiicry night the pri-
soners do lie at length, their feet in the stocks, their bodies hampered in huge wooden grates
that keep them from sitling, so that (iiey lye as it were in a cage, sleepc if they ran : in the
morning they are losed .igaine, that they may go into the court. Notwithstanding the strength
of this prison, it is kept with a garrison of men, part whereof watch within the house, part
of them in the court, some keepe about ihc prison with lanterns and watch-bcis answering
one another tiuc limes ciii'ry night, and giuiiig warning so lowd, that the Loutea resting in
a chamber not neere lliereunio, may heare tliem. In these prisons of condemned persons
remaine some l.'i, other 'iO. yeres imprisoned, not e.veculcd, for the lone of their honorable
friends that seeke to prolong their lines. Many of these prisoners be shoomakers, and hane
from the king a lerlaine allowance of rise ; some of them worke for the keeper, who .suf-
frclh ihem to go .it liljeriie without fellers and boords, the better to worke. Howbeit when
the Loutea callitii his i he<ke roll, & with the keeper vicwelh ihcm, they all weare their li-
iieries, that is, Ixiortls at their necks, yronned hand and foot. Wiien any of these prisoners
(lit th, he is to be scene of the Loutea and Notaries, brought out of a gate so narrow, that
there can but one be drawen nut there at once. The prisoner being brought forth, one of
the aforesaid Partiiiims >iiriki'lh him thrise on the head with an yron sledge, that done he is
dch'uered vnto his IVieiuU, if he haue any, otherwise the king hireth men to cary him to his
litiriall in the lieiils.

Thus adulterers and theeucs are vsed. Such as be imprisoned for debt once knowen, lie
there viilil ii be p.iied. The Taissu c)r Loutea callelh them many times before him by the
vcrtue of his office, who vndcrslanding the cau>e wherefore they do not pay their debts, ap-
pointclh ihim a tertainc lime to do it, within llic comi)as.se whereof if they disch.ir'c not
liuir debts being debiers in deed, then they be ^^ hipped and condemned to perpetuall im-
prisonment : if the creditors be many, and one is lo be paied before another, they do, con-
irary to our maiier, pay him first of whom they last borrowed, and so ordinarily the rest, in
such sort that liie lir->i lender be the last rcceiucr. The s:nne order is kept in paying legacies:
the last named rcceineth his pnriion tirst. They accompt it nothing to shew fauour to .such a of I'k' <iit first
one as can do the like againe : imt lo do !;oiid lo liu-m lli.it hane iitle or nothing, that is worth moKweliii'Jc.
lh,inks, therefore pay llicy the Ia>t befuie ihe fn-st, for tliat their intent seemcth rather to be
vcrluoiis ihen gainef'ull.

When I ^aid, that siirii as be committed to pri>^oii lor thefl and niurther were iudged by
llie t'cuirl, I ment not tiiciu thai were ajiprclu iidcd in tlie deed doing, for they need no trial!,
hut are brought inimedially belore the Tiilan, who out of hand giuelh sentence. Other not

VOL. II. 4 B taken

-^»

T'H

[

.11

'AM

VOYACrS, NAUIGATTONS,

Kfporit qf China.

taken tA openly, which do need trial, arc llir mnlrfartont put to exrrution nni'c> a yerr in the
chiefe cilic», to kcepc in owe the people : or rondrmncd, do rcmainc in priMoii, looking Utr
their day. ThceutM bcinjf taken arc raried t" prison from one place to anoili< r in a < hent
vpon mens NhouldcrM, hired therefore by the kin;?, llie « hett U f». haniirnU hixh, the pilsi.nrr
•iticth therein vpon a bench, the roiier ol the rhrti i* two boDrdt, amid them both ;i pi;i,rv.
like hole, for the priHoncr* nccke, tliire >titlclh he wiih hit he.id without the c hrti, .iiul ilu.
rent of hiN body within, not able t<> niiHUie or iMrne hi* head thin way or that way. imr |„
pluckc it in : the necen»ilie!« <'f nature hr voydcth :\t a holo in the bottome of the rhcvi, ili(.
mcate he eateth is put into his nioulh by Dthcnt. Tlirrc nbidclh he day and ni^hi duriii;; hln
whole iourney : if happily his porters stumble, or lh«- rlic-t do i'ij<>5«' "•" he "Ci dnwnr ( ,irc.
lessly, it turneth lo bin j;reat p.iines that siilcth ihtrrin, a' such moiioiix lu-i.in \nto hint li.ihi;.
iiig as it were. Thus were our c<)m[iani<>ns j-.iried fro Cinifo, 7. «laie-. journey, ncuer t.il ini;
any rest as afterward they told ^s, & their gn-ale-.! uriele was to slii\ by the way : as s. on,.
;us thfV rame, beinj; taken out of ihi- (bests, they were not able tn stand on ih ir fcrt, iinj

fuflui«». iu(i of them died shortly after. When wc l.iv in prison at riii|iiieo, we r.imc in. my limes

abroad, iV were l)rouj'ht to lIu- p:illai rs cf nnbli- men, to br secnc of them A: their wnicw,
lor that iluy had nener seene any l'ortiina!e before. Many thing's ihey asked \s oi i nr
C'ountrey, and cur fiwhions, \; did writo rucry Ihinij, fur they be curious in noiu'liic^

Hirecf iuf»if. aboue measure. The j;entlcmen shew jjrcat courtoie ynto sir.nmers, and so tlld \,(.
liiide at their hands, and liecause that many tinie^ wr were briij;hi abroad into ihi- Cliv,
Hoinewhal wil I sav of such things as I ilid soi- therein, bci'jf a i;ailant City , and < hieli In
<iiie of ijic \li shires aforesaid. The City Fiupiieo is yrr\ unat, \: niijilitjly walUd w'nh
N(|uare sione both within anil without, and, as it may serme by ilu- breadth then f, lilUil vp
in the niidille with earth, l.iyd ouirwith lir ck iSc c oiiered with fylr, a(l«r the mamr i|
porches or j;aileries, that cnie niif;ht dwel therein. '] he staires they yse are so ra-ily ni.idc,
that one may ko them \p and doyvne a hof-backe, as eftsoones they <lo : the streets .irr
paucd, .as already if hath bin sai<l : there be a jjrcat number of .M.irch.inl-, nuTV one li.nli
writti n in a ;;ri'at table at his (biore such things as he hath to »el. bi like mancr ei.ery .irii-
sane paiiiielh <iut his (r.ifi : the inarki-t places l)e laif^e, ;;reat aluinclance of al things iluri'
be to be sold. The city st.indeih \pc) water, many sinanies run throU);h it, the banks piidiid,
& so bro.id that they some for streets to the cities yse. Oner the streams are sondry brid^jo^
both of timber & stone, y»hii h beini; made ieiiel with the streets, hinder not the p.is j^i,.
cf the barges too and fro, the ch iiiels are so deepe. Where the streames come in and no

puii. out of tlie city, be certaine arches in tlie wal, there go in and out their I'arai, that is ;i kir.ii

of barges they haue, & that in the day lime only : at niglit these arches are chwcd \p wiili
gates, so do tney shut vp al tlie gates of the City. These strratnes and barges do rnni>l)li.h
very much the City, and make it as it were to seeme another Venice. The buildings .irc
men, wel made, high, not lofted, except it be some wherein marchandi/e is laid. It i< a
world to see how great these cities are, and the cause is, for that the houses are hmlt
euen, as I haue said, & do take a great deale of roome. One thing we saw in this cii\ ih.it
made vs al to yvonder, and is yvorthy to be noted : namely, oner a porch at the ci mmin;; in
to one of the aforesaid 4. hcniiies, which the king hath in euery shire for his gouernors, ,i« 1
haue erst said, staiuleth a tower built vpon 40. pillers, cch one whereof is but one stone, cell
one if). handfniH or spans long : in bredth or comp.^s(ie 12, as many of vs did measure them.
Besides this, their greatnessc is sucli in one piece, that it might seeme impossible to wnrkc
them t they be tnoreouer cornered, and in colour, length and breadth so like, that the one
nothing differeth from the other. This thing made vs all to wonder yery much.

We are wont to cal thin country China, and the people Chineans, but as long as we were
prisoners, not hearing amongst them at any time that name, I determined lolearne how they
were called: and anked somefimesi by them thereof, for that they vnderstood vs not whcii
we called them Chineans, I ansyvered them, thatal the inhabitants of India named them (hi-
neani, wherefore I praied them that they would tcl me, for what occasio they arc ho called,
whether peraduenture any city of theirs bare that name. Hereunto they alwayes answcrcil

xNMi

Kffort* i\f China.

in pnro a verr in the
n ))ri>«>M, liiokihK '^"■°
li> anolli' r in a ihc»t
iiUhinh. »!"' |i"i"<inrr
\ il\fn« Ix'il) a iii.lrrv-
iil ihc iIm'hI, anil ilio
jy or thai way, imr Id
omc of tlu" ( lu"-l, ilic
y ana nijthi (luring l>i«
iir lif xcl <l<>wi\f t.irc-
lu'i.'H Mil" '*''" li.ini;.
iotiriiry, nrm'r i.il.iiin
l)y llu' W'>>; • "•* "' ""<"
laiid on ih ir tVcl, and
%,o raiiH' many (imos
ihcm iV tlH-ir which,
lIu'V atWrtl N^ ol . iir
)c turidU'* in noiulint
iimrrx, ami ho iliti vvr
abroad into tin- (i'v,
ant Cilv. ami diu'li in
iV niinl'lily wallnl with
hrradlh thrn T. liUnl M'
ylr. alur the man.r d
V vm- arc -o ca-ily ni.Mc,
ilipv ilo: tin" "tircctM irc
..rciiinl-, ''lUTV onr h.iili
11 likf maiur curry .irii-
lulamc of ill thinn* tlutr
null it, the banks pinli.d,
iriMmi arc sundry l^ridurt
m, hinder not the pi^ !;;>'
strcaincH come in ami no
their Tarai, thai is a kiiul
arches are closed \\) wiili
» and l)arncs d» enn<>l)li-h
cnire. The hnildin^is ,irc
arthandi/.c is laid. It i" i
that Ihc houses are l)iult
mi; we saw in this cil\ thai
J porch at the c. nuniii)i m
hire for his ^rouernors, :i* 1
iicrcol' t* hut one stone, ci h
nv of vs did measure them.
sccme impossible to work
readih so like, that the une
Ur very much.
»ns, but as h.nn as we were
tcrmincdtolearnc how ihcy
ey vndcrstood vs not wlu ii
sof India named ihemChi-
t occasiO ihcy are fO called,
into they alwavcs ans-wcrcd
lue

Rtporit of China,

TnAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

535

me, ^ they haiie no mucIi name, nor euer had. Then did I aske ihem what name the whola
Country bearcth, 8c what they would annwcrc bcinjj asked of other nalionn what countrymen
they were i It was told me that of ancient lime in thii* country had bin many king*, & thouKh
presently it wore al vnder one, eeh kingdom iieuerllicleM cninycd that name it flrat had, thcita
kiuKdomcs are the prouinccx I spake of before. In concluaion they uid, that the whole
counirv in lalled Tamen, & Ihe innabitanis Tumeginoi, no tiiat thia name China or Chineann, T.m.n d,,
is not neard of in V country. I Ihinke that the ncerncssc of another prnuince therabnut called p«n^t ium>
Cochinchina, & the inhabitants therof CochincsitcM, firMt discouered before China wan, lying °"'""''
not far from Nfaljcca, did \iitte (iccasion In e(h of the nations, of that name Chincan*, as also
the whole country to be named China, iiui their proper name Ik that aforesaid.

I haue heard morcuucr that in the City of N,iui|uim remainelh a table of gold, and in it
written a kin>;s name, as a memory of that residence the kings wtiX wont to keepc there.
This table standelh in a great pallace, couered alwaycs, except it be on «ome of their fc*-
liuall dayes, at what time they are wont lo let it be scene, couered ncucrthelciwie an it is, all
Ihe nobilitie of the Cilv going of duelic to due it cuery day reucrencc. The like ii« done in
ihe licid Cities of ull the other shires in the pailaccsof the Ponchia.sHini, wherein these afore-
said tallies doe stand with the kings name written in them, although no reucrencc be done
thereunto but in solcmnc feastes.

I hauc likewise vnderstood that the City Pachin, where the king maketh his abode, in io Pochin, »r,
great, that lo go from one side to the other, besides the Suburbs, the which arc greater then ''*''""'
the City it selfe, it requirclh one whole day a horsebac k, going hackney pasc. In the suburlw
br many wealthy inarchants of all sorts. They told me furthermore that it was moted about,
and in the motes great store of (Ish, whereof the kiiii; maketh great gaines.

It was also told me that the king of (.'hina had no king lo wage liattcl withall, bcsidcfi theTh<irti>c>
Tartars, with whom he had i:oncliided :i peace more then 81). yercs ago. Neucrthelesse their"'""
friendship was not so great, that the one nation might marry with the other. And demand-
int; with whom they married, they said, that in 4ildc time the Chinish kings when they would Mjnuitar
marry tiieir dan^liiers, accustomed to make a solemne feast, whercunto came all sorts of men. 'll'.^"*'

..,.,, t I . I • . I t ■ . , ■ i, ■ t»iW«l»

Ihe daughter tliai was to be married, stood in a place where she might see ihem all, and
looke whom she liked best, him did she c liuse to husband, and if happely he were of a base
condition, bee became by and by .i gentleman : but this custome hath bene left long since.
Now a dayes ilie king marrieih his daughters al his owne pleasure, with great men of the
kingtlume : tiie like order he obserueth in the marriage of his sonncs.

Tliey hiiie morcouer one thing very good, and that which m.ide vs all to mnrticile at them
being (icntiles : namely, that there be hospitals in all their Cities, alwaycs full of people,
we neuer saw any poore body bfgge. We therefore asked the cause of this : answered it Hcipniinh
wa*, iliat in eiierv City there is a great circuit, wherein be many houses for poore people, for i'|',',Il'||,|,'[^
hliiulc, lame, old foikc, nut able to trauaile forage, nor iiaiiing any other mcaneu to line. <•" c.nci.for
These fojkr haue in the aforesaid houses euer plentie of rice during ihcir lines, but nothing ',", "tl*"" £^1"
il>e. .Sucli .IS be n'l ciued into these hoU'Cs, come in after this maner. When one is sickc, g«". "■yo"
liliiulc or lame, he m.il.cth a supplication lo the Ponchiassi, and pr.aiing that to be true lie r""dy,Vw4tming
wrilclh, he rcm,iineth in the aforesaid great lodging as long as he liucth : besides this d.^y ouioiutti.
keepe in these places swinc and hcnncs, whcreiiy the poore be relieued without going a

l'CV,!;i"g .... ^

1 laid before lliai China was full of riuers, but now I ininde to confirme the same anew: '

fur the fartlicr we went into the Counirey, ilie greater we found the riiiers. .Sometimes we
were so f.irrc oil' rrnm the sea, that where we came im sea fish had bene scene, and salt was
llicre very dcare, of Fresh water lisli yet was there great abundance, and that lish very good:
lluy kee|) it goi d after this maner. Where the riuers do meete, and so passe into the sea,
ilicre lii'lli gre.ii store of boats, spec iaily where no salt-water coniaieth, and that in March
and April. Tiicse boaies are so many that it seeincth wondcrrull, ne seme they for other
then to take small lish. Hy the riiiers sitles tliey make leyres of line and strong nettcs, that
he three handfuls viulcr water, and one alioiic to keepc and nourish their lish in, vntill such

\ I! '.' time

I '

^l>.|!

,i I

f ' %\\*.

556

Meancstofit

Ilr ^leaketh of
tutiuicii shiic*

AlUi Cenchi.

Th« Kingi re-

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Reports of aiina.

time as other fishers do come with boates, bringing for that purpose certaine great chests
lined with paper, able to holde water, wherein they cary their fish vp and downe the riuer,
euery day reniiing the chest with fresli water, and selling their fish in cuery City, tiwne and
village where they passe, vnto the people as they ncede it : most of them haiie net leyres to
keepe fish in alwayes for their proiiision. Where the greater boates cannot passe any furtlicr
forward, they talte lesser, and because the whole Countrcy is very well watered, there is so
great plenty of diners sorts of fish, that it is wonderfiill to see : assuredly we were amazed
to behold the maner of their prouision. Their fUsh is chiefly nouri-hcd with the dung of
Bufles and oxen, that greatly fatteth it. Although I said their fishing to be in Afairh and
April at what time we saw them do it, neuerthelesse they told vs that tlcy fished at ail times,
for that vsually they do feed on fish, wherefore it behouetli them to make their prouision con-
tinually.

When we had passed Fuquien, we went into Quicin shire, wliere the fine clay vessel! is
made, as I said before : and we came to a City, the one side whereof is built vpon the footc
of a hill, whereby passeth a riuer nauigable : there we tooke boat, and went by water toward
the Sea: on ech side of the riuer wc fdund many Cities, Towncs and villages, wherein we
saw great store of marchaiidize, but spcciallv of fine clay : there did wc land by the way
to buy victuals and other necessaries. Going downe this riuer Southward, we were gl;ui liia't
wee drew neere vnto a warmer Countrcy, from whence we had bene f.irre distant : this Cmin-
trey wc passed through in eight dayes, for our iiuirney lay downe the streame. Before that 1
doe say any thing of that shire we came into, I will first speakc of the great City of Quicin,
wherein alwayes remaincth a Tutan, that is a gouernour, as you hauc scene, though sunic
Tutans do gouernc two or three shires.

That Tutan that was condemned for our cause, of whom I «|)ake before, was borne in this
Countrcy, but he goucrncd Foquicn shire: nothing it auailed liiin to be so great an ofTirer.
This Countrcy is so great, that in many places where wc went, there had bene as yet notaike
of his death, although he were excrutcd a whole ycrc before. At the Citie Quanchi whiihcr
we came, the riuer was so great that it seemed a Sen, though it were so title where wc tooke
water, that we needed small boats. One day about I', of the clocke, beginning to row ncero
the walls with the streame, we came at noonc to a bridge made of many barges, oucriinknl
al together with two mightie chcines. There stayed we vntill it was late, but we saw nut
one go cither vp thereon or downe, except two Loutcas that about the going downe of ihc
Sonne, came ami set them downe there, the one on one side, the other on the other side.
Then was the bridge opened in many places, and barges both great and small to the ninnhcr
of sixe hundred began to passe: those that went vp the streame at one place, such as came
downe at an other. When ail h.id thus shot the iiridgc, then was it shut vp againc. We hearc
say that euery day they take this order in all principall places of marchandizc, for payinj; ( I'
the Cusfomc vnto the king, specially for salt, whereof the greatest rcucnucs are made that
the king hath in this Countrcy. The passages of the bridge where it is opened, be so nrere
theshoare, that nothing can passe without touching the same. To stay the barges at their
pleasure, timt they goe no further forward, are vscd certaine iron instruments. The brid};e
consistcth of 112. barges, there stayed wc vntill the euening that they were opened, I ih-
somely oppressed by the multitndc of people that came to sec vs, so many in number, lh..t
we were enforced to go aside from the banke vntil such time as the bridge was opened : hnw-
bcit we were neuerlhelcssc thronged about with many boates full of peoj)le. And lho'.i;;h in
other Cities and places where we went, the people came .so importunate vpon vs, that it was
necdfull to withdraw our sclucs: yet were we here much more molotcd for (he number 1 1
people: & this bridge is the principall way out of the Citie vnto another place so we! iniia-
bited, that were it walled about, it might be compared to the Citie. When we had shot the
bridge, we kept along the Citie vntil it w.xs night, and then met wc with an other riuer that
ioyncd with this, wc rowed vp that by the walls vntill we came to another bridge gallanily
made of barges, but lesser a great dcale then that other bridge oner the greater streame :
here stayed we that night, and other two dayes with more quiet, being out of the prcasse of

the

Iteports of China.

ertaine great chests
ind downe the riucr,
uery City, tnwne and
!m haue net Icyres to
not passe any furttior
1 watered, there is so
ciUy we were ama/cd
lied with the dung of
cr to be in Afarc'i and
. cy (ishcd at all times,
kc their prouision con-

ihe fine clay vcssicll is

':( built vpon the fontc

went by water lowanl

I villages, wherein wc

id we land by the way

ivard, we were gl;u! tliat

lirre distant : thisCcnin-

sireame. Before that 1

c great City of Qiiicin,

uc scene, though some

cforc, was borne in this
o be so great an oflicer.

hail bene as yet no talke
le Citie Quanchi whiiiur
f so litle where we toi'kc
beginning to row nccro
many barges, oucrlini^C(l
as late, but we f-aw not
the going downe of the
other on ll>e other side.
[ and small to the nunilier

one pl.ice, such as i amc
shut vp againe. We hearc
larchandi/.e, for paying d'
[ reuenues are made that

it is opened, be so iiccre

stay the barges at tluir
instruments. The briii;;e

they were opened, 1 ih-

so many in number, ih.t
! bridge w.is opened : how-
[.f people. And thoiij;h in
tunatc vpon vs, that it «:i-
nolested for the number < I
another place so uel iniia-
ic. When we had shot the
we with an other riuer that
o another bridge gallanily
; ouer the greater strcaine :
being out of the prcasse nf

Reports of China.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

the people. These riucrs do meet without at one comer point of the City. In either of them
were so many barges great and small, that we all thought them at the least to be aboue three
thousand : the greater number thereof was in the lesser riuer, where .^e were. Amongst the
rest here lay certaine greater vessels, called in their language Parai, that serue for the Tutan, P««»
when he taketh his voyage by other riuers that ioync with this, towards Pachin, where the
king maketh his abode. For, as many times I haue erst said, all this Countrey is full of riuers.
Desirous to see those Parai we got into some of them, where we found some chambers set
foorth with gilded beds very richly, other furnished with tables and seats, and all other things
so neat and in perfection, that it was wonderfull.

Quiacim shire, as farre as I can perceiue, lieth vpon the South. On that side we kept at
our first entry thereinto, trauayling not farre from the high mnuntaines we saw there. Asking
what people dwelleth beyond those monntaines, it was told me that they be theeues & men
of a strange language. And because that vnto sundry places neere this riuer the monntaines
doe approch, whence the people issuing downe do many times great harme, this order is
taken at the entry into Quiacim shire. To guard this riuer whereon continually go
to & fro Parai ;;reat & small fraught with salt, fish poudred with peper, and other necessa- Fi<i. pouJcret
ries for that countn y, they do lay in diuers places certaine Parai, and great barges armed, ""J'P'P"-
wheri.i watch and ward is kept day and night on both sideTs of the riuer, for the safety of the
passage, & securitie of such Parai as do remaine there, though the trauailers neuer go but
many in company. In euery rode there be at the least thirfie, in some two hundred men, as
t^ . passage roqtnreth. This guani is kept vsually vntill you come to the City Onchio, where
contiiinally the Tutan of this shire, and eke of Cantan, maketh his abode. From that City
vpward, where the riuer waxeth more narrow, and the passage more dangerous, there be al-
wayes armed one hundred and fiftie Parai, to accompany other vessels fraught with marchan-
dize, and all this at the Kings charges. This seemed to me one of the strangest things I did
see in this Cnuntrey.

When we lay at Fuquien, we did see certaine Moores, who knew so litle of their secte,
that they could sa • nothing ei.se but that Mahomet was a Moore, my father was a Moore, and
I am a Xfoore, with some other wordes of their Alcoran, wherewithal!, in abstinence from
swines (Ifsh, thev line vntill the diiiel take them all. This when I saw, & being sure that in
many Chinish Cities the reiiques of Mahomet are kept, as soone as we came to the City
where these fellowes be, I onlourmed my selfe of them, and learned the trueth.

These Moores, as they tolde me, in times past came in great ships fraught with marchan- *5-
disc from Pachin ward, to a port granted vnto them by the king, as hee is wont to all *''""''''','
them that tralfique into this Countrey, where they being arriued at a litle Towne standing in ihi'NoiUi."""
the hauens mouth, in time conuerted vnto their sect the greatest Loutea there. When that
Loutea with all his (amily was become Moorish, the rest began likewise to doe the same. In
this part of China the people beat libertie, euery one to worship and folow what him liketh
best Wherefore no body tooke heede thereto, vntil such time as the Moores perceiuing that
manv followed them in superstition, and that the Loutea fauoured them, they began to forbid
whoiy liie eating of swines flesh. But all these countreymen and women chosing rather to
forsake lather and mother, then to leaue oil" eating of porke, by no meanes would yeeld to
that proclamation. For besides the great desire they all haue to eate that kinde of meate,
many of them do line thereby : and therefore the people complained vnto the Afagistrates, „

accusing the Moores of a coiispiracie pretended betwixt them and the Loutea against their
king. In this countrey, as no suspition, no not one traitcrous word is long borne withall,
so was the king speedily adueriised thereof, who gaue commandement out of hand that the
aforesaid Loutea should be |)ut to death, an<l with him the .Moores of most importance: the
other to be layde first ri prison, and afterward to be sent abroad into certaine ("ities, where
they remained perpi i.i.ill slaues \nto the king. To this City came by happe men and women
threescore and odde, who at this day are brought to fiue men and foure women, for it is now
twenty yeeres since this happened. Their olVspring passeth the number of two hundreth,
and they in this City, as the rest in other Cities whither tiiey were sent, haue their *Moscheas, • ii,.-( . .v*

whcreunto '""'''

i III'

'#.

I M

358

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Retorts 0/ China.

tt shmiKl tetme
■■y tlirir voyajse
u. lie Card^ndan
ill Ortelius.

A NortlieiiK
Sra.

It i«m«h they
mine \Y tl>f ri-
■.icrfroin the
Ciij'ijriifJ.
At CaiMii.
Kiurrs ouer-
tVoscti in China.

Ali Atioiiis.
Tartars.

Mount Viont.

Mogorci.

Blfwrsof grrit
price lu China.

B'liuc*.

.*>

rheiiLl.i to thr

whereunto they all resort euery Friday to keepe their holy day. But, as I thinke, that will
no longer endure, then whiles they doe liue that came from thence, for their posteritie u so
conrused, that they haue nothing of a Moore in them but abstinence from swines flesh, and
yet many of them doe eatc thereof priuily. They tell mee that their natiue Countrey hath
name Camarian, a firme land, wherein be many kings, and the Indish countrey well knowen
vnto them. It m^rw) be: for as soone as they did see our seruants (our seruants were Preu-
zaretes) they iudged them to be Indians: many of their wordes sounded vpon the Persia,)
tongue, but none of vs coulde vndcrstand them. I asked them whether they conuertcd any
«)f the Chinish nation vnto their secte : they answered mee, that with much a doe they con-
uertcd tlie women with whom they doe marry, yeelding me no other cause thereof, but the
diflicultie they finde in them to be brought from eating swines flesh and drinking of wine. I
am pcrswaded therefore, that if this Countrey were in league with vs, forbidding them
neither of both, it would be an easie matter to draw them to our Religion, from their super-
stition, whereat they themselues do lau^h when they do their idolatry.

I I)nuc 'earned moreouer that the Sea, whereby these Moores that came to China were
wont to trauaile, is*a very great gulfe, that fallcth into this Countrey out from Tartaria and
Persia, leauing on the other side all the Countrey of China, and land of the Mogores, draw-
ing alwaycs toward the South: and of all likelyhood it i.s cuen so, because that ihexc Moores,
the which we haue scene, he rather brownc then white, whereby they shewc themselues to
come from some warmer Countrey then China is neere to Pachin, where the riucrs are
froscn in llic Winter for colde, and many of them su vehemently, that carts may passe oucr
them.

We did see in this Citie many Tartars, Mogores, Brames, and Laoyncs, both men and wo-
men. The Tartars are men very white, good horsemen and archers, confining with China on
that side where Pachin slandeih, separated from thence by great moinitaines that arc bctwi.yt
these kingdomes. Oner them be certaine wayes to passe, and for both sides, Castles con-
tinually kept with Souliliers: in time past the Tartars were wont alwayes to haue warrcs witli
the Cliineans, but these fourcscore yeercs past they were quiet, vntill the second yeere of
our imprisonment. The Mogores be in like maner white, and hcathi-ii, wc are aduertincd
that of one side they border vpon these Tartars, and confine with the Persian Tartars on the
other side, whereof wee sawe in them some tokens, as their maner of clothes, and that
kinde ofliat the Saracens doe wcare. Tiie Moores aflirmed, that where the king Iveth, there
be many Tartars and Mogores, that brought into China certaine blewes of great value: all
we thoujiht it to be Vanil of Cambaia wont to be sold at Ormiis. So that this is tlie true
situation of that Countrey, not in the North parts, as many times I haue heard sav, cim-
fininj; with (jcrnianie.

As for the Hranu's we haue scene in this city Chenchi certaine men & women, amonyvt
whom there was one tliat laine not long since, hauing as \et her haire tied vp after the I'f-
jiues lasiiion: this woman, and other nio with whom a black Moore dam.sel in our coinpanv
had conference, and did vndcrstand them wcl ynoiigh, had dwelt in Pc^u. This new tcnic
unman, iinai;inini; that \vc mcnt to make onr abode in that citie, bid \s to be of good ((iiii-
fort, for that her countrey was not distant from thence aboue liue daycs iourncy, and th.il mit
of her countrey tliere lay a hii;h way for vs home into our owne. lU-ing asked llie wav, sin-
answered that tlie first tiircc daics the way lieth oner certaine <;rcat monntaines & wilder-
nesse, alierward people .ire met withall agnine. Thence two daycs iourncy more to tin;
Brames countrey. Whcrefdrc I doe conclude, that Chenchi is one of the confines of ilii-i
kingdome, separated by certaine huge monntaines, as it hath bene alrcailie said, thai licoiii
towards the South. In the residue of iliese mouiit:iines standeth the proniiicc of Siaii, (lie
Laoyiis Cdunlrex, Canihoia, Campaa, and Corhinchina.

This citie chicle of other siMeene is situated in a pleasant plaine abounding in all thinu;s nc-
cessarie, sea-(ish 'incly exce|)le(l, for it standeth farrc rroinihesea: of fresh lish so mui li store,
that the market places are ncner eniptic. The walles of this city arc very strong; and lii;;li;
one day diil I see the Louteas thereof go \pon the walles to take the \iew tliercol, borne in

their

Beporta of China.

Reports of China.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

&&9

their seates which I spake of berore, accompanied with a troupe of horsemen that went two
and two : It was tolde me they might hauc gone three & three. We haue seene moreouer,
that within this aforcsayd Citie : the king hath moe then a thou<)ande of his kinne lodged in
great pallaces, in diners partes of the Citie : their gates be redde, and the entrie info their
houses, that tiiey may be knowcn, for that is the kings colour. These Gen^emen, accoriiing
to their ncerencsse in blood vnfo the king, as soone as they be married receiue their place in
honour : this place neither increascth nor diminishcth in any resprct as long as the king liueth,
the king appoinleth them their wines and familie, allowing them by the moneth all things
necessaiie abundantly, as he doth to his gouernours of shires and Cities, howbcit, not one-
of these hath as long as he liueth any charge or goueruement at all. They giuc thcmselues
to eating and drinking, and be for the most part burly n-en of bodie, insomuch that espying
any one of them whom we had not seene before, we might knowe him to be the King his co-
»\n. Thev be neucrthclcsse very pleasant, courteous, and faire conditioned : neither did we
find, all the time wee were in that citie, so much honour and good intertainement any where
as at their hands. Tiiey bid vs to their houses to eate and drinke, and when they found vs
not, or wc were not willing to go with them, they bid our seruants and slaues, causing them
to sit downe with the lir:<t. Notwithstanding the good lodging these Gentlemen iiaue, go
commodion-i that ihcy want nothing, yet are they in this bondage, that during life they ne-
ucr goe alircad. The cause, as I did vnderstand, wherefore the king so vseth his cosins is,
that none of them at any time may rebell against him : and thus he shutteth them vp in
three or foure other cities. Most of them can play on the Lute, and to make that kinde of
pastime peculiar vnto them onely, all other in the cities where they doe line be forbidden
that instrument, the Curtisans and blinde folke onely excepted, who be musicians and can
play.

This king furthermore, for the greater securitie of his Realme and the auoidyng of tu-
mults, letteth not one in all his countrey to be called Lord, e.xcept he be of his blood. Manie
great estates and gouernours there be, that during their office are lodged Lordlike, and doe
beare the port of mightie Princes : but they be so many times displaced and other placed a
new, that they haue not the time to become corrupt. True it is that during their office
they be well prouided for, as afterward also lodged at the kings charges, and in pension as
long as they line, payed them monefhly in the cities where they dwell by certaine officers
a|)pointcd for that purpose. The king then is a Lord onely, not one besides him as you haue
.scene, except it be such as be of his blood. A Nephew likewise of the king, the kings sis-
ters Monne, lyelh continually within the walles of the citie in a strong pallace built Castle-
wise, eucn as his other cousins do, remayning alwayes within doore.s, serued by Eunuches,
ncuer dealing with any matters. On their festiuall dayes, new moones, & full moones the
mngistrales make great bankets, and so do such as be of the king his blood. The kings
Nephew hath to name Vanfuli, his pallace is walled about, the wall is not high but foure-
square, andin circuit nothing inferiour to the wals ofGoa, the outside is painted red, in euery Caaisieiiref
square a sale, and oner each gate a tower made of timber excellently well wrought : before '!l* J*"""!"'""
the principall gale ol the loiire that openeth in to the high streefe no Loutea, be he neuer
so great, may passe on horsebacke, or carried in his scat. Amidst this quadrangle standeth the
pallace where that Nobleman lyeth, doubtlesse worth the sight, although we came not in to
tiee it. By report the roofes of the towers and house are glased greene, & the greater part
of the quadr.ingle set with sauage trees, as Okes, Chesnuts, Cypresse, Pineapples, Cedars,
and other such like that we do want, after the manner of a wood, wherein are kept Stags,
Oxen, and other beasts, for that Lord his recreation neuer going abroad as I haue sayd. One
prehcminenie this citie hath aboue the rest where we haue bene, & that of right, as we do
thinke, that besides the multitude of market places wherein all things are to be sold through
eiicry streefe continually are cryed all things necessary, as flesh of all sortes, freshfish, hcarbe.s,
iiyle, vincgcr, incale, rise: insiimma, all things so plentifully, that many houses ncode
no seruants, euery thing being brought to their doores. Most part of the marchants rcinainc
in the suburbcs, for that the cities arc shut vp euery night, as I haue said. The marchants

therefore

r. i

'III

♦ '

mi'

mm \

5G0

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

4^^]f

': i

fir'

Keporttoflapan.

Odrm-iiswiitPtli
ol tnc likf.

Sillier nivnci.

therefore, the better to attend their busincssc, do chuse rather to make their abode without in
the subiirbcs then within the citie. I haiie seene in this riuer a pretie kindc of fishing, not to be
omitted in my opinion, and therefore I will set it downe. The king hath in many riucrs
good store of barges full of sca-crowes that breede, are feddeand doe die therein, in certaine
cages, allowed monethely a certaine prouision of rise. These barges the king bestoweth vp-
on his greatest magistrates, giuing to some two, to some three of them as he thinketh good,
tu tish therewithal after this manner. At the hourc appointed to fish, all the barges nrc
Ijrought together in a circle, where the riuer is shalow, and the crowes tyed together vnder the
wings arc let leape downe into the water some vnder, some aboue, woorth the looking vpoii :
each one as he hath filled his bagge, goeth to his own barge and emptielh it, which done, he
returncth to fish againe Thus hauing taken good store of lish, they set the crowes at lihcrtic,
niul do sufler them to fish for their ownc pleasure. There were in that city where I ^va^^,
twenlic barges at the least of these aforesayd crowes. I went almost euery day to see them,
yet ciiuld I neucr be throughly satisfycd to sec .so strange a kind of fishing.

Of the Hand Japan, and other litle lies in the Ea.st Ocean. By R. Willes.

TIIc I'xlrcamc part of the knowen world vnfo vs is the noble Hand Ginpan, written otlier-
wise Inpnn and lapan. This Island standeth in the East Ocean* beyond all Asia, betwixt Ca-
thayo and the West Indies sixeand thirtie degrees Northward from the Equinoctial line, in
the same ilimc with the .South part of Spaine and Portugall, distant from thence by sea si\e
thousand leagues; the trauailc thither, both forciuill discord, great pyracie, and often ship-
wracks is verv d.nigtTous. This countrcy is hillie and pestered wiih snow, wiiereforc it is
neither so warmc xs Portugall, nor yet so wealthy, as far as we can learne, wanting oyle, Lui-
tcr, cheese, iniike, egges, sugar, honny, vineger, saffron, rynamom and jieppcr. Barioy-
branne the Ilanders doe vse in stead of siilf. mcdicinabie things holsonic for the bodie h.Tue
they none at all. Noucrthclcsse in that Hand sundry fruites doc growe, not much vnlike tlio
fruitcs of Spaine: and great store of Silucrmynes arc therein to be scene. The people .ire
tractable, ciuiil, witfic, courteous, without deceit, in vertue and honest conuersation c\.
ceeding all other nations lately discouercd, but so much standing vpon liicir repulatioii, ili;i!
their chicfc U\olc niav be tliought honour. The contempt thereof <auseili among them nunii
discord and dcliatc, manslaughter and murther: euen for their reputntion they doe hone nr
their parents, kcepe their promises, absteine from atlulterie and robberies, ptujishing hv
death the least robbery done, holding for a principle, that whosoeuer stealeth a tri'lc, \>ilj,
if he see occasion, steale a greater thing. It may be theft is so seuerelv punished of tliciii.
lor that the nation is oppressed with scarcitie of all things necessary, and so pnore, lii;it ciu ii
for iniserie they strangle their owne children, preferring death before want These Icilovvo
doe iicilher eate nor kill aiiv foule. They Hue thiefely by fish, hearbes, and fruites, s(- healih-
fully, tliat they die \erv old. Ol Kice and Wheat there is no gre.it store. No man is ash;imtil
there of hi- ii- iicriie, neither be their gentlemen therefore Icssc honoured ^f'Jie meaner people,
neither uii. <■ poorest gentleman there match his diilde with the baser sort for any gainc,
so inmh they do make more account of gentry then of wealth. The greatest delight iIkn
bane is in armour, each boy at loiirlecne yeeres of age, be he borne gentle or other\Ni»c,
hath his sword and dagger: very good arthers they be, tonfemning all other nations in mm-
parison of their manhood and prowesse, putting not vp one iniurie lie it iieuer so sni.ili in
wordeor deede, among theniselues. They f'cede moilerately, but they drinke largely. Ihe
Vse of vines they knowe not, their drinke they make of Rice, \iterlv they doe :ilihorre liiic,
and all games, accounting iiothin>; more vile in a man, then to giue himsell'e vnto ihoe
tilings that make vs greedy and desirous to get other mens goods. If at any time tluv do
swe.ire, for that seldome they are wont to iloe, they sweare by the Sunne: many of them ;irc
fau;rht good letters, whcrfore thev may so much the sooner be bnught vnto ("iiri-iiaiiiiii.
I-.aih one is contented with oiu- wife: they be all desirous to learne, & naturally iniliniil
vnto hiiiesty <Si rourtesie : godly taike thev listen vnto willingly, especially who they \nihi-
sland it throughlv. Their goucrninet cOsistelh of 3 estates. The first place is due vnto ilu-

hi:;h

Reports of lapan,

heir abode without in
Ic of fishing, not to be
; hath in many riuers
ie therein, in certaine
lie king bestowcth vp-
n as he thinketh good,
sh, all the barges are
yed together vnder the
orth the looking vpon :
ieth it, which done, he
; the crowes at libcrlic,
that city where I was,
euery day to see thcni,
ihing.

By R. Willes.
Giapan, written otlicr-
nd all Asia, betwixt Ca-
thc Equinoctial line, in
from thence by sea sixc
jyracie, and often ship-
h snow, wherefore it is
arnc, wanting oylc, Init-
n and pepper, Barloy-
somc for the bodie haiie
we, not much vnlike the
scene. fl'C people are
honest conucrsation cv-
ion their rcputalioi), iliat
luscih among them nuu h
lulation they doe hoiu iir
robberies, punishing h\
ucr stealefh a tri<lc, will,
lerely punished of iIhmh,
and so pnore, lli;it cue ;i
re want. These fillo\M«
bcs, and fruites, so healili-
store. No man is aslianicil
ired ^'.' the meaner people,
■ baser sort for any gaiiic,
riie greate>t delight llu\
lorne gentle or other\»i-f,
r alt other nations in t um-
rif he it neucr so small in
ihcv drinke largely- llic
ltIv' they doe alihorre dm',
gii'ie himselle vnto iln«f
1. If at anv lime ility do
Sunne: many of llieni arc
dr. ught vnto riiri«liaiiiiie.
•arne, & naturally inilinal
especiallv wlu' they vndn-
c lirst plate is due vnto ilu-
hluli

Reports of lapan.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

561

high Priest, by whose lawes & decrees all publike and priuate matters appertayning to reli-
gion are decided. The sects of their clergie men, whom they doe call Bonzi, be of no es-
timation or authoritie except the high Priest by letters patent doe confirme the same: he
confirmeth and alloweth of their Tundi, who be as it were Bishops, although in many
places they are nominated by sundry Princes. These Tundi are greatly honoured of all sorts :
they doe giue benefices vnto inferiour ministers, and do grant licences for many things as to
eate flesh vpon those daycs they goe in pilgrimage to their Idoles with such like priuileges.
Finally, this high Priest wont to be chosen in China for his wisedome and learning, made in
lapan for his gentry and birth, hath so large a Dominion and reuenues so great, that cftsones
he beardeth the petie Kings and Princes there.

Their second principal Magistrate, in their language Vo, is the chiefe Herehaught, made by
succession and birth, honoured as a God. This gentleman neuer touchcth the ground with his
foote without forfaiting of his office, he neuer goeth abroad out of his house, nor ia at all times
to be scene. At home he is either carried about in a litter, or els he goeth in woodden Chop-
pines a foote high from the ground : commonly he sitteth in his chaire with a sword in one side,
and a bow and arrowes in the other, next his bodie he wcareth blacke, his outward garments
be red, all shadowed ouer with Cypresse, at his cappe hang certaine Lambeaux much like vnto
a Bishops Miter, his forehead is painted white and red, he eateth his meat in earthen dishes.
This Herehaught determineth in all Japan the diuerse titles of honour, whereof in that Ilancl
is great picntie, each «)ne particularly knowen by his badge, commonly scene in sealing vp
their letters, and dayly altered according to their degrees. About this Vo euery Noble man
hath his Soliciter, for the nation is so desirous of praise and honour, that they striue
among themselues who may bribe him best. By these meanes the Herehaught groweth so
rich, that although hee haue neither land nor any reuenues otherwise, yet may he be ac-
counted the wealthiest man in all lapan. For three causes this great M.igistrate may loose
his office: first, if he touch the ground with his foote, as it hath beene alreadie said: next, if
he kill any bcxly: thirdly, if he be found an cnemie vnto peace and quietncssc, howbeit nei-
ther of these aforesaid causes is sufficient to put him to death.

Their thin! chiefe officer is a ludgc, his office is to take vp and to end matters in controuer-
sie, to determine of warres and peace, that which he thinketh right, to punish rebels, wherein
he may commaund the noble men to assist him vpon paine of forfeiting their goods: neuer-
thelesse at all times he is not obeyed, for that many matters are ended rather by might
and armcs, then determined by law. Other contmuersies are decided either in the Tem-
porall Court, as it seemeth good vnto the Princes, or in the Spirituall consistoric before the
Timdi.

Rol)elles are executed in this manner, especially if they be noble men or officers. The
king looke what day he giueth sentence against any one, the same day the partie, where-
socuer he be, is aducrtiscd thereof, and the day told him of his execution. The condemned
person asketh of tlie messenger whether it may bee lawful for him to kill himselle ; the which
thing when the king doeth graunt, the partie t.aking it for an honour, putteth on his best ap-
parel anil laimcing hisliodv a crossc from the breast downc all the belly, murthereth himselfc.
Ihis kind of death they take to be without infamie, neither doe their chilJren for their
lathers crime so punished, loose their goods. But if the king reserue them to be executed
hv the hangman, then flocketh he together his children, his seniants, and friends home
10 his housr, to preserue his life by force. The king committerh the fetching of him out
vnto his chiefe ludge, who (irst setteth vpon him with bow and arrowes, and afterward with
pikes and swords, vntlll the rebcll and all his family be slaine to their perpetuall ignominie
and shame.

The Indie-writers make mention of sundry great cities in this Hand, as Cangoxima a hauen
towne in the South jiart thereof, and Meaco distant from thence three hundred leagues north-
ward, the royall seat of the king and most wealthy of all other townes in that Iland. The
people thereabout are very noble, and their language the best laponish. In Meaco are sayd
lo he ninetie thoiLsande houses inhabited and vpward, a famous Vniuersitio, and in it fine

4 C principall

'm-

vol,. II.

')M^

'''I

J'^l

.'( Wv/i

'!) i

iliiil.!

S62

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Reports of lapan.

I' 1.

rui

Pctrus Maffcius
dr lebus lapo-
iiicis.

principall Colleges, besides closes & cloysters of Bonzi, Lcfi^iiixil, and Hamarata, that i».
Priests, Monies and Niinnes. Other Hue notable Vniuentities there be in lajjan, namely, Cuia|
Negru, Homi, Frenoi, and Bandu. The first foure haue in them at the least three thousand
& fine hundred schollers: in the fift arc many mo. For Bandu prouince is very great and
possessed with sixe princes, fiue whereof are vassals vnto the si\t, yet he himselfe siibicct
vnto the laponish king, vswally called the great king of Meaco: lesser scholes there be many
ill diuers places of this Ilande. And thus much specially concerinng this glorious 11;,,,^^
among so many barbarous nations and rude regions, haue i gathered together in one sunimr,
out of sundry letters written from thence into Europe, by no Icsse failhfull reporters than
famous trrauellers. For confirmation wherof, as also for the knowledge of other things not
conteyned in the premisses, the curious readers may peruse tliese 4 volumes of Indian matters
written long ago in Italian, and of late compendiously made Latine, by Petrus Maft'eiiii my
old acquainted friend, cntituling the same, De rebus laponicis. One whole letter ont of
the fift bookc thereof, specially intreating of that countrcy, I haue done into English word
for word in such wise as followeth.

Aloisius Froes to his companions in lesus Christ that remaine in China and India.

Tile last yecre, dcarc brethren, I wrote vnto you from Firando, how Cosmus Turrianus
had appointed me to trauaile to Meaco to hclpc Caspar Vilela, for that there the harue^t was
great, the labourers few, and that I should hnuc for my companion in that iourney Aloisius
Almeida. It seemcth now my part, hauing by the helpe of God ended so long a voi.igc, to
signifie vnto you by letter such things .specially as I might thinke you would most dcliglu to
know. And because at the beginning Almeida and I so parted the whole labour of writing
letters betwixt vs, that he sh uld spcake of our voyage, and such things as happened therein,
I should make relation of the Mcachians estate, & write what I could well Icarne of the la-
pans manners and conditions: seltinj; aside all di.stourses of our voyage, that which stanileih
me vpon I will discharge in this Epistle, that you considering how artificially, how eun-
ningly, vndcr the pretext of religion, that eraftie aduersary of mankind Icadeth and drawei{i
vnto perdition the lapanish minde.s, blinded with many superstitions and ceremonies, may tlie
more pitie this Nation.

The inhabiters of lapan, as men that neucr had greatly to doe with other Nations, in thrir
Geogr phy diuidcd the whole world into three parts, lapan, Sian, and China. And albeit the
Japans rccciued out of Sian and China their .superstitions and ceremonies, yet di thev ne-
uerthelessc contemne all other Nations in comparison of thenisehies, and standing in their
owne conceitc doe far preferre thcmselucs before all other sorts of people in wisedome and
policie.

Tniiehing the situation of the rnuntrey and nature of the soyle, vnto the things eftsoone-
erst written, this one thing I wil adder in these Hands, the somnier to be most hot, the winicr
extreme cold. In the kingdom of Canga, as we call it, f.dleth so much snow, that the
houses being buried in it, the inhabitants kccpe within doores certaine inonelhsof the yeere,
hauing no way to come I'oorth except they break vp the tiles. Whirlewindes most vehe-
ment, earthquakes so common, that the lapans dread such kind of fcares liile or noihin); at
all. The counlrey is I'ul of siluer mines otherwise barren, not so much by fault of nature,
as through the slouthfulnessc of the inhabitants: howbcit Oxen they kcepe and that fortill.i^e
sake onely. The ayre is hole-^oine, the waters good, the people very fairc and well boiiieii:
bare headed commonly they goe, procuring baldne.sse with sorrow and teares, ef'soones rout-
ing vp with pinsars all the haire of their heads as it growcth, except it be a lille i)ehiiid, llie
which they knot and keepe with all diligence. Enen from their ehiidluxKl they wcare da;;-
gers and swords, the which they ^se to lav vnder their pillowes when they goe to beil: in
shew courteous and affable, in ilecdc haughtic and proud. They delight most in warlike af-
faires, and their greatest studic is amies. Mens apparel diuerscly cidoured is wornc downe
halfc the leggcs and to the clbowes: womens attnc made handsomely likc\nloa vaile, is
somewhat lunger: all manner of dicing and theft they doe cschewe. The niarchuiii altlumuli

Reports of lapan.

TRAFFiaUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

563

China and India.

he be wealthy, is* not accounted of. Gentlemen, be they neuer so prore, retaine their place:
most precisely theystande vpon their honour and woorthinesse, ceremoniously striuin^ among
themselucs in courtesies and faire speeches. Wherein if any one happily be lesse carefull
than he should be, euen for a trifle many times he getteth euifl will. Want though it trouble
most of them, so much they doe detest, that poore men cruelly taking pittie of their infantes
newly borne, especially girles, do many times with their owne feete strangle them. Noble
men, and other likewise of meaner calling generally haue but one wife a peece, by whom
although they haue issue, yet for a trifle they diuorse themselues from their wiucs, and the
wiucs also sometimes from their husbands, to marry with others. After the second degree
cousins may there lawfully marry. Adoption of other mens children is much vsed among
them. In great townes most men and women can write and reade.

This Nation feedeth sparingly, their vsuall meat is rice and salets, and neere the sea side
fish. They feast one another many times, wherein they vse great diligence, especially in
drinking one to another, insomuch that the better sort, least they might rudely commit some
fault therein, doe vse to reade certaine bookes written of duties and cerimonies apperteyning
vnto banquets. To be delicate and fine, they put their meate into their mouthes with litle
forkes, accounting it great rudenoisc to touch it with their fingers: winter & sommer they
drinkc water as hot as they may possibly abide it. Their houses are in danger of fire, but
iinely made and cleanr, layde all ouer with strawe-pallets, whereupon they doe both sit in stead
of stoolcs and lie in their clothes with billets vnder their heads. For feare of defiling these
pallets, they goe cither bare foote within doores, or wcare strawe pantofles on their buskins
when they come abroad, the which they lay aside at their returne homcagaine. Gentlemen
fur the most part do passe the night in banketting, musicke, & vaine discourses, they sleepe
the day time. In Meaco and Sacaio there is good store of beds, but they be very litle, and
may be compared vnto our pucs.

In bringing vp tlieir children they vse words only to rebuke them, admonishing as dili-
gently and aduisedly boycs of sixe or scuen yccrcs of age, as though they were olde men.
They are giuen very much to intertaine strangers, of whom most curiously they loue to aske
euen in trilles what fnminc nations doe, and their fushions. Such arguments and reasons as
be manifest, and are made plaine with examples, doe greatly persuade them. They detest
all kindc of theft, whosoeuer is taken in that fault may be slaine freely of any bodie. No
publike prisons, no common gayiis, no ordinary Iiisticers: priiiately each housholder hath
the hearing of matters at home in his ownc house, and the pu'iishing of greater crimes that
descruc death without delay. Thus vsually the people is kept in awe and feare.

About foure hundred yecres past (as in their olde recordcs we finde) all lapan was subiect
vnto one Emprrour whose royall seat was Meaco, in the laponish language called Cubucama.
Hut the nobilitie rebelling against him, by litle and litle haue taken away the greatest part
of his dominion, howbeit his title continually remayneth, and the residue in some respect
doc make great .ircount of him still, acknowledging him for their superior. Thus the Em-
pyre of l.ipan, in times p.ist but one alone, is now diuided into sixtie sixe kingdomes, the
oiiely cause of tiiiill w.irri-s continually in that Hand, to no small hiuderance of the Gospell,
wliilcsl the kinjis that tiwcll neare together inuade one another, each one coueting to make
his kinudonie greater. Furthermore in the citie .Meaco is the pallace of the high Priest, whom
that nation hoiioureth as a G.id, he hath in his house SdC} Idoles, one whereof bv course is euery
night set by his side lor a watchman. He is liiought of the common people so holy, that it may
not tie law lull l'<'r him to g'lc vpon the earth : if happily he doe set one (bote to the ground/
he looscth his ollice. lie is not serued very sumptuously, he is maintained by almes. The But iiis iimc^
heads and beards of Ins ministers arc shauen, they haue name Cangucs, and their authoritie"""''^""^'
i.s great throughout all lapan. The Cubuc aina vseth them for Embassadors to decide contro-
iicrsies betwixt priiu-es, and to end iheir warres, whereof thev were wont to make very great
Uaine. It is iu)w two yeres since or there about, that one of them came to Bungo, to in-
Ircate of peace betwixt the king thereof and the king of Amanguzzo. This Agent fauouring
the king of Huiigo his cause nu)re then the other, brought to passe that the foresayd king of

4 (.' 2 Bungo

!'„<a

' I'r

\. \>\

W-\i

n<M

B64

VOYAGED NAUI0ATION8,

Btporlt of lapan.

"/•

■ <■

'nikf:

Inimbiixu.

(;<B|)iji.

Bungo should keep* two kingdomeD, the which he had taken in warmi from the king of Aman-
guaco. Whererore he liad Tor liia reward of the king of Uungo aboue 3U0(N) ducats. And
thua farre hereof.

I come now to other siipentitions and ceremonies, that you may sec, dcare brethren, (hat
which I naid in the beginning, how siibiiliy the deiiill hath decciued the laponinh nation, nnd
how diligent and readie they be to obey & wonthip him. And i\mt, al remembrance and
knowledge not onely of Christ our Redeemer, but also of that one (>od the maker of a||
(hipga is cleane extinguisthod and vlteriy nhnlished nut of the lapnns heart:*. Morconer ihrir
fuperslitious sects are many, whereas it is lawfull foreuch one lo follow that which iikrth liim
best: but the jirinripnll sects are two, namely the Amid;ins and Xacaians. Wherefore inthi*
cnunlrey sliall you !>cc many monasteries, not onely of Bon/.ii men, but also of Bon/ia- vno.
men diucntly ntiircd, for some doc weare white vnder, and blacke vpper garments, other gor
ap|)arelic(l in ash colour, and their idole huth to name Denichi : from these the Amidunrsdji'.
fcr very much. Againe the men Bonzii for the most part dwell in sumptuous hou>es, and
haue great reuenues. These fellowes are chnsie by commaundement. marry they may nnr
vpon paine of death. In the midst of their Temple is creeled an altar, whereon st.uiilrth
a wo(Hldcn Idole of Amida, naked from the girdle \pward, with holes in his cures a!'i>rthc
manner of Italian gentlewomen, silting on a wixnlen rose goodly to behold. Tliey haue great
libraries, and hnllcs for them all to dine and sup together, and bels wherwilh they arc at ler-
tainc hiuires called to prayers. In the eueniMg ilic Superintendent giucth eat h one u I'icamc
for meditation. After midnight before the altar in their Temple they do suy M.tttens :is it
were out of Xaca his last liuoke, one quier one verse, llic other quier another K.irly in the
in< rtun!( eacli one giueth him^clfe to meditation one houre : they shaue their head.s and • cards.
Their cloysters be very brge, and within the jirecinct iherof, Chappcis of the Fotoqiiieiw,
for by that name sotne of the lapanish Saints are called: th<'ir holydaies yeerely be \erv
many. Most of these Bonzii be gentlemen, for that the lapanish nobility charged with inatiy
children, vse to make most of them Bonzii, not being able to Icaue for each one a patrimony
good enough The Bonzii most coiieiouslv bent, know all the wave" how to come by mo-
ney. Tney >ell vnto the people many serol.'es of paper, by the heipe whereof the cotnmott
people ihiiikcth itselfe warr.mted from all power of the denils. Tliey borrow likewise mo-
ney to be repayed with great vsury in an other worlde, giuing by obligation vnto the lender
an afisurance theieof, the which departing out of this life he may carry with him to hell.

There is another great company of such as are called Inambuxn, \>ith curled and staring
haire. They make profession to iinde out aga'ne things citiier lost or stolen, after this mti.
They set before them a child whotn the deuill inuadeth, called vp thither by charmes: (<f that
child then doe they aske that which they are desirous to know.

These mens prayern both good and bad are thought greatly to preuaile, insomuch that both
their blessings and their curses they sell vnto the people. The nouices of this order, before
they be admitted, goe together two or three thousand in a company, vp a ceriaine high inoun-
taine to doe pennancc there, threescore daves voluntarily punishing themselues. In this time
the deuill shcweth himsclfe vnto them in sundry sha|)eH: and they like young graduats, admitted
w it were fellowes into some certaine companie, are set foorth with white tas.<els hanuir;;
about their neckes, and blacke Bonnets that scarcely couer any more then the crowne of their
heads. Thus attyred they range abroade in all lapan, to set out themselues and their cuiininir
to sale, each one beating his bason which he cariclh alwayes about with him, to giue notice
of their comming in al towtics where ihey passe.

There is also an other sort called (ienguis, that make profession to ^hewe by soolhsayini;
where stollen things are, and who were the theeues. These dwell in the toppe of an hi^h
mnuntaine, blacke in the face: for the continuall heate of the sunne, for the cold windcs,
and raines they doe continually endure. They marry but in their owne tribe and line: the
report gocth that they be horned beasts. They climhe vp most high rockes and hilles, and
go ouer very great riuers by the onely arte <if the deuill, who to bring those wretches the
more into emiur, biddcih thicm to goe vp a ceriaine high mountaine, where they siande mi<

serably

■''■'J

I-

Rtporti of Japan.

Jteportt of lapan.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

b6&

*[ i\

Mrably gizing and earnrstly looking Tor him a' long as the deuill appointelh them. At (he
length at noorietiJe < r in the rucning commetS that deuil, whom they call Amida among
them to shew liimspiro vnfo them : this shew breedcth in the braines and hearts of men such
a kinde of <>iiper<«tilii)n, thai it ran by no meane<i be rooted out of them afterward.

The deuill was wi>nt aUo in an other mountaine to shew hiinselfe vnto the lapaniflh Nation.
W!io -to was more di-siroiw than other to >»o to heauen and to enioy Paradise, thither went he
to 'ee tiiat xight, and haiiinj *eene the deuill followed him (so by the deuill persuaded) into
a denne vntill he came to a deepe pit. Into this pit the deuill was wont to leape and to take with
him hi-, worshipper whom he there murdred. This deceit was thus perceiucd. An old man
blinded with this superstition, was by hissonnedisswaded from thence, but all in vaine. Where-
fore his Sonne (oilowcd him priuily into that denne with his bow & arrows, where the deuill gal-
lantly appeared vnto him in the shape of a man. Whilest the old man fallelh downe to wor-
shippp the deuill, his sonne speedily shooting an arrow at the spirit so appearin<;, strooke a
I'oxe in stead of u man, so suddenly was that shape altered. This olde man his sonne track-
ing the Foxe >o running away, came to that pit whereof I spake, and in thebottome thereof
he foinid manv bones of dead men, deceiued by the deuill after that sort in time past. Thus
deliuered he his lather from pre-ent death, and all other from so pestilent an opinion.

There is furthermore a place bearing name Coia, very famous for t multitude of Abbyes
which the Bonzii hiuie therein. The beginner and founder whereof is thought to be one
Combendaxis a sutile craftie fellowe, that got the name of holinesse by cunning speech,
although the lawcs and ordinances he made were altogether deuillish : he is .said to hauc found
out the Inpanish letters vscd at this day. In his latter yecres this Sim suttle buried himselfe
in a foiircsquare graue, foure cubitcs deepe, seuerely forbidding it to be opened, for that
thi-n he died not, but rented his bodic wearied with continuall businesse, vntill many thou-
sand thousands of yeeres were passed, after the which time a great learned man named Mi-
rozu sht'uld come into lapan, anil then would he rise vp out <if his graue againe. About his
tombe many lampes are lio;hted, sent thither out of diuerse prouinccs, for that the people are
perswaded that whosoeuer is liberall and beneficiall towardes the beautifying of that monu-
ment shall not onely increase in we.ilth in this world, but in the life to come be safe through
Combendaxis helpe. Such as ("iue themselues to worship him, liue in those Monasteries or
Abbves witt) shanen heads, as though Ihev had forsaken all secular matters, whereas in deede
thev wallow in all sortes of wickednesse and lu<t. In these houses, the which are many (as
1 sayd ) in number, do«> remaine 6(M)0 Bonzii, or thereabout beiides the multitude of lay men,
women be restr.iined from thence vpon paine of death. Another company of Bonzii dwell-
cth at Fatonochaiti. Thev teach a great multitude of children all tricks & sleights of guile &
theft : whom they do tind to he of i;reat towardnes, those do they instruct in al the petigrties
of princes, and f.ishions of the nobilitie, in chiualrie and eloquence, and so send them abroad
into other prouinces, attired like yong princes, to this ende, that faining themselues to be
nobly borne, they may with great summes of money borowed vnder the colour and pretence
of nobilitie refurne againe Wherefore this place is so infamous in all lapan, that if any
scholer of that order be happily taken abroad, he incontinently dieth for it. Ncuerthelesse
these fousiners leaue not daily to vse their woonted wickednesse and knauerie.

North from lapnn, three hundred leagues out of Meaco, lieth a great countrey of sauageA'"'"''''*
men clothed in beasts skinnes, rough bodied, with huge beards and monstrous muchaches, ["guj,^,^,!,,
the which ihey hold vp with litle forkes as they drinke. These people are great drinkers of NotihofMc«<?.
wine, fierce in warres, and much feared of the lapans: being hurt in fi^ht, they wash their
wounds with salt water, other Surgerie haue they none. In their breasts they are sayd to
cary looking <;la»scs : their swonles they tie to their heads, in such wise, that the handle
doe rest vpon their shoulders. Seruice and ceremonies haue they none at all, onely they
are woont to worship hcaucn. To Aquita a great towne in that laponish kingdom, which we
call Geuano, they much resort for marchandise, and the Aquilanes likewise doe trauell
into their countrey, howbeit nut often, for that there many of them are slaine by the in-
habiters.

Much

i»!!'

•:ii'

I.''' I J

:»i

': 1)

If '
I h; 1.1

,"r

V- >\

mrtm

^^'Hif\

56G

The lapiniih
fuiicrtli.

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Tliey Surnr
tlKir deiJ.

Rtportt qf lapan.

Much more concerning this matter I had to write : but to auoyd tediouttnesse I will come
to Hpeake of the lapanit madnedse againc, who most desirous of vaine glory doe thinke then
specially to get immortall fame, when they procure themselues to be most sumptuously and
solemnly buried : their burials and obse<|uics in the citie Meaco are done after this mancr.
About one houre before the dead body be brought foorth, a great multitude of his friends
apparelled in their best aray goc before vnto the fire, with them goe their kinswomen and
such as bee of their acquaintance, clothed in white (for that is the mourning colour tiiere)
with a changeable coloured vaile on their heads. Each woman hath with her also, according
to her abilitie, all her familic trimmed vp in white mockado : the better sort and wealthier
women goe in litters of Cedar artificially wrought and richly dressed. In the second place
marchctli a great company of footemen sumptuously apparelled. Then afarre oil' commcih
one of these Bonzii master of the ceremonies for that superstition, brauely clad in silkcs
and gold, in a large and high litter excellently well wrought, accompanied with 30 other
Bon/.ii or thereabout, wearing hats, linnen albes, and fine blackc vpper garments. Then
attired in axhe colour ( for this colour also is mourning) with a long torch of Pincaple, he
sheweth the dead body the way vnto the fire, lest it either stumble or ignorantly go out of the
way. Well neerc 200 Bonzii folow him singing the name of that deuill the which the partic
dcceas.sed chiefly did worship in his life time, and thercwithall a very great bason is beaten
cucn to the place of fire instead of a bell. Then follow two great paper baskets hanged open
at staucs cndes full of paper roses diuersly coloured, such as bearc them doe march but
slowly, shaking euer now and then their staues, that the aforcsayd flowers may fall downe
by litle and litle us it were drops of raine: and be whirled about with wind. This shower
.say they is an argument that the soule of the dead man is gone to paradise. After al this, cif;hl
beardles Bon/ii orderly two and two drag after them on the ground long spcares, the pointi
))ackward, with flags of one cubite a piece, wherein the name also of that idole is written.
Then there be cnried If) lanterns trimmed with the former inscription, oiiercast with a fine
vaile, and cniulles burning in them. Besides this, two yoong men clothed in oshc colour
bcare pincaple torches, not lighted, of three foote length, the which torches scrue to kiiulle
the fire wherein the dead corpes is to bee burnt. In the same colour follow many other that
wearc on the < rownes of their heads fuire, litle, threcsquare, blacke lelhren caj)s lied 1;m
viuler their chiniirs ( for that i'« honorable amongst them ) with papers on their heads, wherein
ihc iinmc of the deuill I spaivc of, is written. And to make it the more solemne, after coin-
nu'th a man \«ith a table one cubite long, one foot broad, couered with a very fine wiiiie
\ailc, in both sides whereof is written in golden letters the afores.iyd name. At the length
by fourc men is brought foorth the corps sitting in a gorgeous litter clothed in white, haii^jii<;
downe his head and holding his hands together like one that prayed : to the rest of lijs .-iii.
parcll may you uddc an vpper gowne of paper, written full of that booke the which his (mhI
is sayd to hauc made, when he lined in the world, by whose heipe and ineritcs cominoiilv
they doe thinke to be saued. The dead man his children come next after him most gallantly
set foorth, the yongest wherof carieth likewise a pincaple torch to kindle the lire. Let of
all foloweth a great number of people in such caps as I erst spuke of.

When they are al come to y place appointed for the oI)sequie, al the Bonzii \V the whole
nuiltiiude for the space of one hoiirc, beating pannes and basons with great cl.imnurs, (all
vpon the name of that deuill, the which being ended, the Obscqiiic is done in this inaner.
In the midst of u great quadra i;.'lc railed about, hanged with course linnen, and agreeably
vnto the foiire partes of the w< rid made uilh foure gates to goe in and cot at, is dii;;;e.l a
hole ; in the hole is laied good store of wikkI, whereon is raised gallantly a waued nule :
before that stand two tables liirnished with diuers kindes of nicates, especially <lric I'iys,
PDincgranates and Tartes good store, but neither Fi'li nor Flesh : vpon one of them staiuleth
also a chafer with coales, and in it sweetc wood to make perfumes. When all this is rcadie,
the corde wherewith llic litter was earied, is thruwen by a long rope into the fire : as maiiv as
are present sliiuc to take the rope in their handes, vsiiig their aforcsayd clamours, which done,
they goc in procession as it were round about the quadrangle thri.ic. Then setting the litter

Reports qf lapan.

Rtportn of lapan.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

&67

on (he wond built vp ready Tor the fire that D >nziii<i who then \n mwler of the cercmonief,
naieth a vcrie th:it no bndie there vnderMtandeih, whirling thri-e about ouer hin head a torch
liifhied. to wignitie thereby that the ftoule or the dead man had neither any beginning, ne
shall haue at any time an endc, and thmweth away the torch. Two of the dead man hid chil-
dren, or of hin ncore kiitne, take it vp againe.and standing one at the Ea-t wide of the litter,
the other at the West, d<>e for honour and reuerence reach ii to each other ihrine ouer the
dead rorpn, and !«o ca^t it into the pile of wood : by and by they throw in oylc, Hwcete wood,
and other pcrfumei, accordingly as they haue plentie, and so with a great flame bring the
corpes to ashrs: his children in the meanc while putting Mweete wood into the chafer ai the
table with odouD, doe solemnly and religiously worship their father as a Saint : wliich being
done, the Bon/ii arc paied each one in his degree. The master of the ceremonies hath for
his part liueduckats, somelinies tcnnc, sometimes twentic, the rest haue tennc lulics a piece,
or els a certaine number of other presents called Caxic. The meate that was ordained, as
soone as the dead corps friends and all the Bonzii are gone, is left for such as serucd at the
obsequie, for the poorc and impotent lazars.

The next day rcturnc to the place of obsequic the dead man his children, his kinred and
friends, who gathering vp his ashes, bones, and teeth, doc put them in a gilded pot, and so
caric them home, to bee set vp in the same pot coucrcd with cloth, in the middcst of their
houses. Many Bonzii returne likewise to these priuate funerals, and so doe they againe the
seuenth day : then cary they out the ashes to bee buried in a place appointed, laying there-
upon a fouresquare stone, wherein is written in great letters drawen all the length of the
stone, the name of that deuil the which the dead man worshipped in his life time. Euery
day afterward his children resort vnto the graue with roses and warme water that the dead
corjis (hirst not. Nor the seuenth day onely, but the seuenth moneth and yeerc, within
(heir ownc houses (hey rcnuc (his olMcquie, to no small commo<lities and gaine of (he
Konzii: great rich men doc spend in (hcse (heir funerals 3DUU ducka(s or thereabout, (he
meaner sort (wo or (hrcc hundred. Such as for pouerdc be not able to go to that charges,
are in the ni<;ht tin«c darke long wi(hout all pompe and ceremonies buried in a dunghill.

They haue another kinde of buriall, especially neere (he Sea side, for them (hat bee not
vet dead. Those fcllowes arc such, as hauing religiously with much deuotion worshipped
Amida, now desirous to see him, doe slay themselues. And first they goe certaine dayes
begging alme-^, the which they thrust into their siccues, then preach they in publique a ser-
mon vnto the people, declarin;; what they mind to doe, with the great good liking of all
such as doe hcare them : fur euery body wondreth at such a kmde of holinesse. Then take
they hookes lo cut downe briars and (homes that might hinder them in their way to heauen,
and so embarkc tliem>e!ues in a new vesscll, tying great stones about their neckes, armes,
loines, thighes, and forte: thus thov launching out into (he main Sea bee either drowned
there, their shippe bouged for that purpose, or els doe cast themselues oucr-boord headlong
into the Sea. The ctnplic barke is out of hand set a fire for honours sake by their friends
that folow them in another boat of their owno, thinking it bla.sphemie that any mortall crea-
ture should afterward oitco touch the barke that had bene so religiously halowed.

Truly when we went to Meaco, eight dayes before we came to the He of Iliu at Fore tnwne,
sixc men and two women so died. To all such as die so the people ercctcth a Chappell, and
to each of (hem a pillar and a pole made of Fineaple for a perpeluall monumen(, hanging
vp many shrciis of paper in ^(ickes all (he roole ouer, wi(h many verses set downe in (he
walles in commendaiion of that blessed company. Wherefore vnto this place both day and
ni<;ht many come very supen-tiliously in pilgrimage. It happened cucn then as Aloisius
Almeida and I went lo christen a childe wee traueilod that way at what time foure or fine
ohie women came foorih out of (ho aforesayd chappell with bo.ides in their handes (for in
this point also the deuill counterfeiteth Christianiiie) who partly scorned at vs for follie,
partly frowned and taunted at our small deuotion, for passing by (hat holy monument without
any reuerence or won-hip done therrnnto at all.
It remaineth now we speake two or three wurdcs of those Sermons the Bonzii are woont

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS.

J?«^t/i oj iapan.

-<i-

I'll I

to make, not lo many at oun in number, but aMiiredly very well prouided Tor. The Pulpit
i* erected in a ffreat lemplc with a nilke Canopie ouer it, therein Mandcth i cmtly iicate, be-
fore the leateatable with a bell andabookc. At the houre of Sermon each nect of the
lapans rcaortcth to their ownc doctor* in diucn Tempiei. Vp goeih the doctor into the
Pulpit, and beins net downe, after that hee hath lordlike looked him about, ligniflelh tilrni c
with hit bell, and lo readelh a fewe worde* of that booke we *pake of, the which hr c\.
poundeth afterward more at large. Thexc preacher* be for the moitt part eloquent, and aj,|
l<» drawe with their spcach the mindei of their hearcra. Wherefore to ihiit ende chieflic {mdx
i» their KrecdineMSc) tcndeth all their taike, that the people bee brought vndcr the colour of
godlineme to enrich their monaMtericii, promiaing to each one to much the more happjncMc
in the life lo come, how much the greater coatca and charges they bee at in Church tn;itti-rt
and ol)»equie«: notwtthilanding tliii multitude of luperstitiouii Sect* and companicit, and
the diucrNities thereof amongst themcelura: yet in thia principally all their Superintendenit
doc trauell io lo perawadc their Nouices in their owne talea and lie*, that thev ihinkc
nothing; cU tnieth, nothing eli *urc to come by euerlaiting aaluation, nothing eii wnnrili
the hearing. Whereunto tliey adde other aubtletioi, as in going grauilie, in countenance,
apparell, and in all outward iihew, comelineue. Whereby the lapant mindc* arc no nousiri
in wicked opinion*, & doe conrciue thereby «uch trust and ho|)c of eueriaHiing saluation,
that not onely at home, but also abroad in euery corner of ihe luwiic continually almost ihoy
run oucr their beades, humbly asking of Amida and Xaca, wealth, honour, good health, anil
euerlasting inye*. Thu« then, deare brethren, may you thinke how greatly they need ihr
heipe of God, that either doe bring the Gospell into this counirey, or rcreiuing it brought
vntn them, doc forsake idolalrie and inine themselue* with Christ, being amaulted by so many
Miares of the deuill, troubled with Ihe daily dissuasions of their Honzii, and finally, so in-
iuriuusly, oo hardly, so sharpely vexed of their kinred and friends, that except the grace nf
God obtained by the aacrifires and prayers of the Catholique church doe heIpe vs, it cannni
be cho.«en but that the faith and cnnstancie of many, if not of all, in these find bei;inninf;«
of our churches, will greatly be put in ieopardie. So much the more it '•laiuleth you vpnn
that so earnestly lonp; fur Ihe health of soules, to commend specially these lapanish ttoik*
vnio our Lord.

We cnme lo Sacaio the eight and twentie day of lanuary : Aloisius Almeida lintl for buni.
nessc, but afterward let by xicknesse, xtaied there some while, but I parting the next day
from thence came thirteene leagues olfto Meaco Ihe Inst of Inniiarie. Of my commin;^ ail
Ihe Chrislians looke great comrnrt, but specially Gaxpar Vilela who in 6 yeres had srcn
none of our companie at Mearo: his yeeres are not yet f'ortie, bul his grey haires shew him
to be seuentie, so vehemently is his liile botly afflicted and worne with exinmr
cold. Ilee speaketh lapanish so skilfully after ihe nhr.ise of Menco (the which fur tlie
renowne of this people and royal Neat of the king is best accounted of) that hee iloiih
both confesse and preach in that language. ('erlnin<' ;;(Hlly bodes also he haih done
into that speach, not omitting lo translate other as Inisnre siiflreih him. To make an
ende, our Ix>rd for his goiMlnesse vouchhafe to preseruc vs all continually, and lo glue v>>
ayde both rightly lo inlerprete his will, and well lo doe the same. From Meaco the 1*J or
February I56.'>.

Other such like matter is handled both in other his Icilers, and also in the Episllrs wriiirn
by his companions to be scene at lar^e in the afcresaid volume. Anioitgsl the rest this seemed
in my iudgement one of the print ipall, .niul therclore the rather 1 tooke vpon me lo doe ii into
English.

Of the lies beyond Iapan in the way from China to the Moluccas.

AMongst oiher lies in ilie .\sian sea bclwi.xt Cantan a Chini»h hauen in Calliaio Si the Mo-
luccas, much spoken of in tlu- Indian lii<torie<« aiul painted out in Maps, Ainan and Urn-
tianum are very famous. Ainan siaiitletli I 'J dcj;recs j)n this side of the Eqiiinoctiall line
nere China, from whence the Chinish nation hauc tiieir prouision fur shipping and nihcr

neccs!«arirs

!• , •

Btporii nf lajmn.

;d Tor. The Pulpit
h a cwilly »cate, be-
in each itect of the
the doctor inln the
ut, iignilicth iilrmc
the which he cx-
: eloquent, aiul apt
ende chieflic (iiuch
t vndcr the colour of
the more happine^ne
at in Church matti-rt
and componie*, and
their Supcrinieiulent!*
I, that thev thinkc
nothiiiK *'» woortli
uitie, in countenance,
minde* arc no nouvlid
cuerlaittinK naluation,
ontinuilly almost they
lour, Kowl health, ami
Hreatly they need the
iir rereiuinn it brought
g aiwaultcd by no many
zii, and Knally, »o in-
lat except the grace of
ioe heipe v«, it cannot
1 theite first bei;inninR«
e it »laiideih you vpnn
y these lapanich tloiU

i<t Almeida fintt for bimi-
1 jwriinj? the next day
!. Of my comminj; all
*ho in 6 yeres h:ul >iern
lis grey hairen shew him
I wcrne with extrrmr
•aco (the i^hirh fur tlic
itted of) that hee dculh
i(4ca aUo he hath done
freih hint. To ntake an
iiinually, and to Rine vs
From Meaco the I 'J of

Itto in the V.\mi\r* written
loiigxt the rest this seemed
,4e vpon nie to doe it into

he Moluccas.

men in Catliaio & the Mo-
in Maps, Ainan and baii-
e of the Equinocliall line
)n for shipping and other
neccosarii*

A tUirrlpllon of Cliina TnAFFIQUES, AND DKSCOUERIES.

5(iO

neces-ai ies requisite lor llieir N.niie. There sfaicd Dalthasar (jagii« a great traueiler 5

moiieihs, who (Irscnhcih that place after this maner. Ainan is a koikIIv countrey ful of n<nb, iir.u.4.

Indian fruits & all kinds of xictuals, besides great store of icwcis and pcarlc, well inhabited,

(he lount'it built of siotif, the people rude in conditions, apparelled in diners coloured rugs,

with (v»' "\e homes, at it were, n>a<le of line cypres han-riiig downc about their earcs, and

» paire of J/^rpe i \/<ts at their foreheads.

The laiiso v»; crrforc they go in sin li attire I could not vndersland, except it bee for that
they <li I' uiit.ri'eil the deuil in thi- forme of a brute beast, ofl'ring them^rhies vp to him.

SantianiiiH i>> an He neere vnto the haueii Caiitan in the conlines lilcewisc of China, ■•niiuism,
funoiis for the <ic:ill» of tliat w rthy traueiler and giiHy professoiir and painfull doctor of the
Indian nation in matters i (iiirerning r(lii>iii;i, Frant is Xauier, who after great labours, many
iniuries, niul calamities infinite siidied with mu(h palieiu?, singular ioy and gladnesse of
mind, depirtcd in a cabben made of bowes and rushes vpon a desert mounlainc, no Icsse
voyd of all worldly ' nminodities, then endued with all spirituall Iil'«sing8, out of this life,
the 'i day of Dennili* r. ihr \eere of our Lord Ijjy. after that many (hoMsand of these
Uasierliiigs were brought by hiin to the knowledge of Chri-t. Of this holy ttiiin, W« particu-
lar \crtues, and spciially trauell, and wonilerfull work.s in that region, of other many lillc
Hen (vet not so title, but they may right wel be written of ut iaiturc) all the latter hiiitorioi
of the Indian regions are full.

An exrellent treatise of the kingdome of China, and of (he estate and goucrn-
inent thereol: Printed in I.atine at Macao a citie of the I'ortugals in China, An.
Ddin. I.VJf). and written Dialugue-wise. The speakers arc I.inus, Leo, and
Michael.

Lisits.

concerning the kingdome of China (Michael) which is oUr DPXt neighbour, wc haue
heard and tiaily do heare so many re|)orts, that wc are to request at yoiii' hands rather a true
then a Iarj;e discourse and narration thereof. And if there be ought it* your knowledge
besides thai which by continual nnnours is waxen »talc among vs, we will rij^it gladly giiie
diligent care snlo it.

Nlu ii*KL. IVcause the report of this most famous kingdome i-i growen so common among
vs, r.'diicing diners and manifidd particulars into order, I will espciially aime ut the trticth
of things reieiueil from the fathers of the societie, which eucn now at this present arc con-
uersaiit in China. First of all therefore it is not \nknowen, that of all parts of the maine"*^/,'''"*"""
continent this knigiloni ot t Inna is situate most Kasierly : albeit cerlaine Hands, as our na- china.
line lapon, & ihi' He of Manilia stand more llasterly then China it sclfc. As tcniching the
limiles tt bounds of this kingdom, wc may appoint the first towards j West to be a ccrtainc
He lommonly called Hainan, which standeth in li) degrees of Northerly latitude. For the
rniitlnent next ndinining vnto this He trendeth towardes tlic I'«ist, and that especially, where
the jiroinontorie of the citie called Nimpo or Liampo doeth extend it selfe. Howbcil, from
that place declining Northward, it stretcheth foorth an huge length, insomuch that the farthest
Chinian inhabitants that way doe behcdd the North pole eleiiated, at least f)U degrees, and
perhajis more aNo: whereu|)on a man may easilie coniecture (that I mav speakc like an
,\stroiioimT) how large the latitude of this kingdom is, when as it conlaineth about more
then .'>!() leagues in direct extension towards the North. Hut as concerning the longi-
tude which is accounted from Fast to West, it is not so exactly found out, that it may
be di'iingui-ihed into degrees, llowbcit certaitc it is, that according to the Nfap where-
in llie people of Cinna describe the forme of their kingdom, the latitude thereof doeth chinim Co«n>
not much exieed 5 longitude. This kingdom therefore is, without all pcraducnture, of*"?'""-
all eartidy kingdoms the mm\ large and spacious: for albeit diners other kings vndcr their
iurisdi( lion containing in dimensions more length & breadth then all China, do pos8es.sc
very many kingdoms & lar distant asunder: yet none of the all eniuicth any one kingdom

VOL. II.

4 D

ki'

:'l

:|)

'' f)

570

The Bch Teue-

nurs of the kin^
of ChiUA.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

^ description of China.

T'ltuene greii
prouincci iu
China.

Thr sow tdiall
of the king of
Chinat

Ttif warlike
munitions i)f
Chnk.1, ii a mar-
uciloui wall.

A^und.lncf of
tnh.it>i(.intl in
Ctiiiia.

Cn'ny and

SO large and so ample, as the most puisfiant king of China doeth. Now, if we shall make
enquirie into his renenues and tributes, true it is, that tliis king, of all nthern, is endutci with
the greatest and the richest, both in regard of the fertilitic & greatnes of his dominions, &
also by reason of the seuetc collection and exaction of his duties: yea, tributes are imposed
vpon his subiects, not onely for lands, houses, and impost of miirchandise, but also for eucry
person in each family. It is likewise to be vnderstood, that almost no lord or potentate in
China hath authoritie to leuie vnto himsclfe any peculiar rcuenues, or to collect any rents
within the precincts of his seigniories, al such power belonging onely vnto the kiiiu:
whereas in Europe the contr.iry is most commonly seen, as \\e haue before significcl. In this
most large kingdom are coiiteiiicd lb prouinces, eucry one of which were in it sclfo sudi-
cient to be made one great kingdom. Six of these prouinces do border vpon the .sea, namely
{if I may vse the names of the Chinians th^iielues) Coantum, Fo<|uien, Chrquiam, Nanquiii,
Xantumi Paquin: the other 1) be in-land prouinces, namely, Quiansi, Iluquam, llonan,
Xiensi, Xansi, Sucliuon, Queicheu, lunan, Coansi. Amongst all the foresayd prouinces, iwo
are allotted for the kings court and seat n/ial, that is to say, Paquin for his court in the Nnrih,
and Nanquin for his court in the South. For the kings of China were woout to be resident
altogether at the South court : but aftcrwiird by reason of the manifold and cruell warrcs
mooued by the Tartars, they were constr.iined to delixc their princely seate and habitation
in that extreme prouince of the North Whereupon it eommeth to passe, that those Nor-
thren confines of the kingdom doe abound with many moe fortresses, marciall engines, ami
garrisons of souldicrs. Lko. I hauc heard, amr>ngst those munitions, a ccrtaine strange and
admirable wall reported of, wherewith the people of China doe represse and driue baike tlie
Tartars attempting to inuade their territories. .Miciiaf.i.. Cerles that wall which you ham-
hcartl tell of is most woorihie of admiration ; for .t runneth alongst the borders ol" three
Northerlie prouinces, Xiensi, Xansi, and I'aquin, and is >avtl to confaine almost three hun-
dred leagues in length, and in such sort tti bee Iniilt, that it hiiulerclh not the courses and
strcimes of any riucrs, their chanels being ouerthwarfed and forlilicd with wonderfull bridges
and other defences. Yet is it not vnlikelv, that the sayd wall is built in such sort, that onely
lowe and easie passages bee therewith slopp.'d and eiuiironed ; but the mountaines running
betweene those lowe passage- are, by their oune naliirall strength, and inaccessible heigth,
a suflicicnt fortilieation agaynst the eneinic. Lims. Tell vs (Michael) whether the king-
dome of China be so frequented with inhabitants, as wee haue often bene informed, or no?
.Michael. It is (Linus) in very deed a most |>(ipiilous kingdom, as I haue bene certified from
the fathers f)f the sociefie: who hauiiig scene smulry prouinces of Kiirope renouined for the
multitude of their inhabitants, doc notwithstanding greallv admire the iniinite swarmcs of
people in China. Ilowbeif these multitudes are not pel-mel and confusiuely dispersed oner
the land, but most conueniently and orderly distributed in their townes and famo'.is cities:
of which assemblies there arc diners kindes among the Chinians. For they haue ccrtaine
principal cities (ailed by the name of Fu: other inferior eiiies called Cheu : and of a third
kind also named llien, which be indred walled townee, but are n<it priuileged vsilh the dig-
nities and prerogatiues of cities. To tlicse may be added two other kindes of les^ter townes,
which are partly villages, and partlv i^arrisons of s( nldiers. t^f the first and priiu ipall kii'd
is that most noble citic standing neere vnto the port of Macao, called b\ C>v Chinians Coaii-
chef'u, but by the Portugals (oinntonlv termed Canlam, which is rather the common name
of the prouince, the a word of tlicir ()!•( pei imposition. \'iifo the third kind apperfainelli a
townc, which is yet nifther \nto ilu' port of .Macao, called by the Portugals .\nsam, but hy
the Chini:ms lliansanliien. Al the I'oresavd prouinces therefore haue ilicir greater tilics
named Fu, 5c their hsscr cities called Chen, vnto both ol' wliii h the other t<.wnes may he
added. M'Tcoucr, in eucry pronince there is a tcrl.iin print ipal cit\ \shich is called llic
Metropnlitane tlicreof, \> herein the chief nia;4islritiN haue their p'ace of residence, as the
prindpal citic by me la-t mentioned, wliirh is the head of the whole iirouince calle.l Coan-
tum. The number of the greater cities iliroiigliout the whole kingdom is more then !.)((,
and there is the same ■ r rather a greater multitude td' inferiour cities. Of walled townes not

endued

cription of China.

if we shall make
lers, w endued with
r his dominions, 8e
■ibutes arc imposed
J, but also for cucry
lord or potentate in
to collect any rents
icly vnto the kiiiu:
ore signified. In this
vcre in it selfe Mifli-
])()n the sea, namely
Chcquiam, Nanquin,
ii, Iluquam, llonan,
csayd prouinces, two
lis court in the Nnrih,
woont to be resilient
)ld and crucll warrcs
\i seate and habitatimi
passe, that those Ni>r-
marciall engines, and
a ccrtaine stran>{c and
we and driue bai kc tlie
t wall which yon liaue
the b.irders of three
aine almost three hiiii-
h not the courses and
,vith wonderfnll bridfjcs
in such sort, that onely
he niountaincs running;
and inaccessible hei^th,
lael) whether the kin;;-
benc informed, or no?
|,aue bene certified from
Europe renoumed for the
the iniinitc swarmcs nf
nfusiuely dispersed (uier
wnes and famo-.is cities ;
F( r ihcy haue cerlaine
il Cheu : and of a ll'irJ
priuile<;ed with the diu-
kindcs of lesser towiies,
. lirst and prim ipall kiinl
■d bv t'.'.e CliiniaMs Cuan-
•alluT the (oinnion name
tliird kind a)!pertainelli a
l»orlii!;als .\n>ani. inil liy
haue ilieir greater litie-.
Ihc other tc.wnes may he
1 ci(\ ^s^ill^ '■* f''"<^'' '',"-"
ilat e Of re-idence, a> tlie
.lie pnmince calle.l Coaii-
ii^dom is more then !.)(>,
:", Of walled towncs not
endued

^ description of China. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 571

endued with the priiiileges of cities there ore mo then 1120 : the villages & garrisons can
scarce be numbred: oner & besides the which eonucnts it is incredible what a number of
coiitrie farmes or j^ranges there be : for it is not easie to find any place desert or void of in-
habitants in all that land. Now in the sea, in riuers, & in barks there are such abundance
of people, and of whole families inhabiting, that cuen the Europaeans themsclues doe greatly ^j")' ^j!i°"",'.'*
wonder thereat: insomuch that some (albeit beyond measure) haue bene perswaded that there habUed." """
are as many people dwelling vpon the water as vpon the land. Neither were they induced so to
thinke altogether without pmbabilitic : for whereas the kingdom of China is in all parts thereof "^

interfused with commodious riuers, & in many places consisteth of waters, barges & boats
being euery-where very common, it might easily bee supposed, that the number of water-
men was equal vnto the land inhabitants. Howbeit, that is to be vnderstood by amplifica-
tion, whereas tiic cities do swarme so.ful with citizens & the countrie with peasants. Leo.
The abundance of people which you tell vs of seemefh very strange: whereupon I coniec-
ture the soilc to be fertile, the aire to be holesome, and the whole kingdom to be at peace.
MuiiAKL. You haue (friend Leo) ful iudicially coniectured those three : for they do all so "''^"™'"]"'
excel, y which of the three in this kingdom be more excellent, it is not easie to discernc. L'Sn..'^""
And hence it is that this common opinion hath bene rife among the Portugals, namely, that
the kingdom of China was ncuer visitetl with those three most heauy & sharpe scourges of
mankind, narre, famine, & pestilence. But that opinion is more common then true: si-
thens there haue bene most terrible intestine and ciuile warres, as in many and most autcn-
ticall histories it is recorded: sithens also that some prouinces of the .sayd kingdom, eucn in ciiini«a ««!««.
these our dayes, haue bene afllicted with pestilence and contagious diseases, and with famine.
Ilowbeif, that the foresaid three benefits do mightily flourish and abound in China, it can-
not be denied. For (that I may lirst speake of the salubritie of the aire) the fathers of the
societie themseliies arc witnesses, that scarcely in any other realme there are so many found
that line vnto decrepitc and extreme old age: so great a multitude is there of ancient and
i^raue personages : neither doe they vse so many confections and medicines, nor so manifold
and sundry waves of curing diseases, as wee saw accustomed in Europe. For amongst them
they haue no Phlebotomie or letting of blood : but all their cures, as ours also in lapon, are
atchieued by fasting, decoctions of herbes, & light or gentle potions. But in this behalfe
let ciiery nation please thcmselues with their owne customes. Now, in fruitfulnes of soile
this kingdom certes doth excel, far surpassing all other kingdoms of the East : yet is it no-
thing comparable vnto the picntie and abundance of Europe, as I haue declared at large in the
former treatises. Hut the kingdom of China is, in this regard, so highly extolled, because
there is not any region in the East partes that abonndeth so with marchandise, and from
whence so much trailiquc is sent abroad. For whereas this kingdome is most large & full of
nauiijable riuers, so that commodities may easilic be conueycd out of one prouincc into ano-
ther: tlu" I'ortngalsdoe tind such abundance of wares within one and the same Cilie, (which per- Thecitjr of
haps ii the greatest Marl ihroiuhout the whole kingdome) that they are verily perswaded, that Cwum.^"' "'*
the same region, of all others, most aboundcth with marchandise: which notwithstanding is
to be vnderstood of the Orientall regions: albeit there are some kindes of m.irchandise, where-
with the land of China is better stored then any other kingdom. This region alVordeth es-
pecially sundrv kinds of mettals, of which the chiefe, both in cxrellencie & in abundance,
is gold, whereof so many I'ezocs are brought from China to India, and to our countrey of OtMt ibumuiice
lapon, that I heard s.iy, that in one and the same ship, this jjrcsent ycere, 2000 such pieces "^soWm chmi.
consisting of ma'isie gidd, as the Portir^als commonly call golden loanes, were brought vnto
\s for marchandise : and one of these loaues is worth almost 100 duckats. Hciu:c it is that
in tlic kingdtnn <d' China so many things are adorned with gold, as for e.^r-mple, beds, ta-
llies, pictures, images, litters wherein nice and daintie dames are caried vpon their seruants
backes. Neither are these golden loaues onely bought by the Portugals, but also great plen-
lie of gold-twine and Icaiies of gold: for the Chinians can very cunningly beate and ex-
teiuiale gold into plates and le:iues. There is also great store of siluer, whereof (that I may «««tnoieof
omit other arguments) it is no small demonstration, that euery yeerc there are brought into ""''

4 D 3 the

i>1

:m;

[rS\

573

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

A description of China.

I. U

the ci»ie commonly called Cantam by the Portdgal marchanf-< to buie wares, at the least 4(X)
Sestertium thereof, and yet nothina; in a maner isconiieicd out of the Cliinlan kingdom: be-
rause the people of China abouidini; with all necessaries, are not greatly in(|iiisitiiie or de-
sirous of any marchaiidise from other kiiijfdomes. I doc here omit the Silucr mines whereof
there are great number-i in China, albeit there is much circumspection vsed in digging the
Bihier thereout : for the king standeth much in feare least it may bee an occasion to stirre vp
the couetous and gieedie humour of many. N'lwe their siluer whicli they put to vses ii f,ir
' ' the most part passing fine, and purilied from all drowse, and therel\)re in trying it they vsc

, , ^^. great diligence, wiiat should I spcake of ihcir iron, copper, lead, tinue, and other nuttals,

^ ^ ^ and also of their quick-siltier ? Ol all which in the realnie of China there is great abnii-

*W* dance, and from thence they are transported into diuerscountreys. Ilcreuiito may bee add-

PMriM. cd the wonderfull store of pearlcs, which, at the He of Hainan, are found in shell-Kshes t.ikcn

very cunningly by certaine Diners, and doc nn.ch enlarge the kings reuenues. Hut now let
OrciiiHortof vs proceed vnto the Silke or IJiiinbyciiie fleece, whereof there is great plentie in China: so
iiikeioChiai. j|,a( cucn as the husbaiulMien labour in manuring the eirth, and in sowing of Rice ; so like-
wise the women doe emplov a great part of I'leir time in preseriiing of silke-won;es, aiul in
keeming and weaning of Siike. Hence it is that euers yeere the King and Qucene with
great solemnitie come foorth into a publique place, the one of them touching a plough, and
die other a Mulberic tree, with the leaues whereof Silke-wormes are nourished : and hcith
of them by this ceremonie encouraging both men and women vnto their vocation and labcuir:
whereas otherwise, all the whole yeere throiighcut, no man besides the principall magis-
trates, may once attaine to the sight of the king. Of this Silke or Bonibycine fleece there
is such abundance, that three shippcs for the most part comming out of India to the port of
Macao, & at the least one cuerv yeere comming vntovs, arc laden especially with this fraight,
and it is vsed not onely in Indi.i, but caried euen vnto Portugal. Neither is the Fleet it sclle
oncly transported thence, but also diners & sundry stuHi's woiien thereof, for the Chiniaiis
do greatly excel in the Art of weaning, and do very muih resemble our weauers of Europe.
Moreouer the kingdom of China aboundeth with must costlie >pices tS: odours, and e.^pecially
with cynamoin (albeit not comparable to the cynainom of Zcilan) with camphire also &
Jhitr'.'cMnmkc. niuske, which is very principal & good. Mu-kc deriucth his name fro a bea.^t of the sumc
name (which beast resembleth a Heucr) fro the parts whereof brused & pu trilled prucci'd-
cfh a most delicate & fragrant smel which the Portiigals highly esteem, cAmonly calling tho-e
parts of the foresaid beasts (because they arc like vnto the gorges of foules) I'apos, & cnn-
uey great plenty of them into India, iV to vs of lapon. Hut who would beleeue, that there
Coiton wocii, were so much goNsipine or cotton-wool in China ; whereof such variety of clothes are made
whtrtufc.Uui- ijj^p ^.||,„ ]i||„{.p . which we ourselucs do so often \se, iV which also isconueied bv sea iiii')

cloth II mid(. . , , ,, , , 111 . ■ ,, .

SO many regicns ? Let vs now nitreat ol th:it earthen or pliable matter connnonlv called pur-
cellan, which is pure white, & is to be esteemed the best stulle of that kind in the win le
world: wlierof vessels of all kinds are \ery ciiriouslv framed. 1 say, it is the best earthen
Thrfr cimi.iifi matter ill all the world, for three (jiialities; namely, the cleaniir.«s«', the bj-autv, t'v- the
ui iHiitdUu. strength thereof There is indeed oilier mailer to be l(Uind more glorious, and more c(i>ilv,
but none so free from Micleaniics, and so durable: this I addc, in regard of gla.sse, which
indeed is iininacniale and cicane, but may easily be broken in pie(•e^. This matter is digged,
, not thorowout the whole region c.f Ciiiiii, but oiiely in one of tlu- fifteeiie prouinces called
Quiaii'i, wherein coiiiiMiially \ery iii.i iv ariilicers ,ire employed abiut the same nialter; nei-
ther doe they only fraiuc thereof small r \essels as dishes, plaiur-^, sall-seilers, ewers, and
such like, but also cerlaini- huge liiiii'cs, and vesst 1, cd' great iiiruitity, being very tiiielv
and c unni«i;;ly wn ughl, which, Itv ri:i-ioli of liie cl:i ;;er and ditlic ii'tv of c arriage, arc n. e
tran-p'^riid oiii of tiie re.ilme, but are \sc d one iy within it, and e-|i!cial!\ in the kings k un.
The l-e.iul) cd' this matter is nuich aiigineiilcd by x.iiiety (d pii iure, which is laved in cer-
taine colours vpon it, while it is yet new, gc Ide also being added ih-.Tciinto, which iiiakelh
th • I'-resayd \e>sel- t'> appeaie most b^'auiifiill. It is wc;nii'rl'nll h'W higlil) the I'tirtiigaU do
tsieeme thereol, seeing they do, with great diilic uity, tran.-pori the same, not onely to \> of

lupoM

Silkt kiought
into ljp«n>

8picei, Cjm-

criplion of China.

at the least 4(X)
nian kinj;<lom; be-
y inquisiliiic or lie-
nor mines whereof
vsed ill iligj^inj; tlic
occasion to stirrc vp
IV put to vses i-i for
n tryinjj it they vsc
', iiiu\ other mettals,
there it j^rcat abiin-
'Ciiiito may l>ec add-
in shell-lishes taken
uMuies, Hill now lot
Icntic in China : so
ng of HifC ; so iikc-
silkc-won^es, and in
11 jj and Qiieene with
milling a plough, and
nourished : and both
ir vocation and labmir:
the principall maj;i-i-
ombyrine fleece thi-rc
of India to the port oi
pcialiy with this Craiiiht,
tlu-r is (he Fleet it siilc
icreof, for the C'hiniaiis
our weauers of F.iirnpo.
t odours, and espcrialiy
with cainphire also &
Iri) a beast of the sunie
ed & putrilied pnucid-
in, cOinonly ralliu); ihn^e
f follies) I'apos, & o n-
,()uld beleeue, that tliirc
riely of clothes are made

isconiieied l)y sea into
tcr commonly called por-
r that kind in the whi Ir
<av, it is the best earthen
esse, the beauty, &: ilio
lorious, and more ciotlv,

1 regard of glasse, wliiih
,. This matter is digged,
liftccne prouiiu cs laliid

i.ut the same nialtcr : lui-
•s, salt-sellers, ewers, and
iiaiitity, being very finely
ini'tv of rarriage, are n. t
itcially in the kings ci iirt.
irc, which is laved in c^r-
i th-rciinto, wliicii makilh
r,w higliK the IVrli'gaUdo
he same, not onely to ^ • "'
lapon

A description of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 673

lapon and into India, but also into sundry prouinccs of Europe. Vnto the marchandize
abouc-mentioncd m ly be added diuers and sundry pi:mts, the rootes whereof be right hole- Pi"",
some for mens bodies, and very niedicinablc, which arc brought vnto our lies of lapon, and
vnio many other Hands, amongst the which that wood may be reckoned, which (by a synech-
doche) is called The wood of China, being of notable force to cxpell out of mens bodies
those humours, wliich winild breed contagious diseases. To these you may adde sugar-canes
(for in the realnie of Cliina there is great store of excellent sugar) which is conueyed by the Sug»r.
Portiigds very jjlenlifiilly, both into our cmintrey, and also into India. My speeches vt-
lered iinmediaily before concerned nianhandizc oncly, in regard whereof this kingdome is
bcnc(iciall not to itsellc alone, but most profitable to many otlier nations also. As for those
fruits which pcrtaine to ycrely sustenance and coiMinon food, they can scarse be numbred :
albeit, of those three commodities which th;v of r.uropc so greatly account of; namely of „.. .
corncs, vine«, and oliiies tlic land of Cnina is not very capable: lor the Chmians know not « destitute of
so much as the name of an Oliiie tree (out of flie fruit whereof oile is expressed) neither ^°'"'' "'"'>*
vet the name of a vine. The proiiince of Paquin is not altogether de-ititutc of wine, but
whether it be brought from otner places, or tiiere made, I am not able to say : although it
aboundcth with many other, and those not vnpleasant liqiiours, which may serue in the stead
of wine it selfe. Now, as touc;\iii come, there is indeed wheat sowen in all the prouinces,
howbeit ri'.e is in farre more vse and request then it : and so in regard of these two commo-
dities profitable for mans life; namely, wine and coriie; the kingdome of China and our
countrey of Lipon may be compared together.

Lko. Yuu haue discoursed (Michael) of the fruilfiiinesse of China, whereof I haiie often
heard, that it is no Icssc pleasant than fruitful, and 1 haue bene especially induced so to thinke,
at the sight of the Chinian maps. Michael. The thing it selfe agrees right well with the Chinianma|ii.
picture : for they that haue scene the mediterran or inner parts of the kingdome of Ciiina,
do report it to be a most amiable countrey, adorned with plenty of woods, with abundance
of fruits and gr.isse, and with woondcrfull Vitriety of riueis, wherewith the Chinian kingdome
is watered like a garden ; diners of wiiich riucrs dor naturally (lowe, and others by arte and
industry are deriued into sundry places. But now I will intreat of the tranquillity and peace
of ("hina, after I haue spoken a word or two concerning the nianers of the inhabitants. This
nation is indued with excellent wit and dexterity for the attaining of all artcs, and, being
verv constant in their ownc customes, tliey lightly regard the eustomes or fashions of other
people. They vse one and the same kinde of vesture, yet so, that there is some distinction The diiposinom
hetweene ihe'apparell of the magistrate & of the common subieet. They all of them do chmi'In" °' ''"
weare long haire vpon their heads, and, after the maner ol women, do curiously keame
their dainty locks hanging downe to the ground, and, hailing twined and bound them vp,
they couer ihein with callc'', wearing sundry cajis thereupon, according to their age and
condiiion. It seenieth that in olde time one Fangiiage was common to all the proiiinces : Their language,
notwithstanding, by re.. ''ii of variety of pronunciation, it is very much altered, and is di-
uided into sundry idiomes or pri.|!rieties of speech, according to the diners prouinees: how-
beit, ammig the iiiai;i-trates, and in piibiikc :<sscmblies of iiidgement, there is one and the
verv same kinde of language v^ed thoriwoiit the whole realmc, from the which (as I haue Their loyiliie
savd) the speech of ech proiiince dillireth not a little Moreouer this lu-oplc is m(>st iovall ""'"t'"" >"r"
and obedient vnto the kiiig and his magistrates, wiiieii is the principall cause of their Iran-
qiiillitv & peace. For wi ereis the common s<irt doe apply ili.'mselues vnto the discretion
and beike of inferiniir i;ia:;istrate<. ar.d the ir. I'erii iir niagistr ites (if the sn|)eri()ur, and the
siiperiour ni.igisirates nf the king liimselle, I'raniing and conipo>iiin- all thcr actions and af-
faires vnto that lentil : a w. rid it i.; to see, in what eqiiabilitv and indilierei'.cv (^\' hi-u. e all
of them d' ladetheir lines, and how onlerlv the piil.like lawes are adiiiinisircd. Wiiich
tliin'4 ii<itwillistan liiii; -'.a'! be handled mire it large, when we ccme to intreat of the go-
iicrnmeiit. I.ims. Tell \s now (.Michael) of the imlu-itry if tliaf people, whereof we haue 7i>'irii!>>>^oti>
hcaril great rcpcrts. .\|icmKi.. Their industry is especially lo be di-^cerncd in mniuiaiv artes "''"'''*"
,ind occupatiuns, and tliereiii ilie Chiiiians do siirpa>^e most of tlie.sc Lasteilv n.iiions. For

there

'■In

) t:

si^k

674

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A descriplion of Chiiut

-.1 i

fiintins.

6unnci.
Printing.

Kiuigation.

raOKf d oucr
Chiiu.

there are such a number of artificers inireniously anil tiinningly TraminK Kii"tlry dcuiccs out
of golde, sillier, ami other nicttals, a-i likewise of stniie, wood, and other matters eoiuieiiicnt
for mans vse, that the streets of cities beiiifj replenished with their shops and line workc-
manship, arc very woonderfull to bcholde. I'csides whom also there arc \fry many Painters,
vsinfj either the pensill or the needle (of which the last sort arc called Embrothercrs) aiuj
others also that curiously worke golde-twine vpon dolh eiilier of liniieti or of cotton: whose
operations of all kinds are dilifv* ntly conucyed by the I'orlngals ijito India Their imiimtry
doth no lesse appeare in founding of gunnes and in makinf; of iiun-|)ow(ler, wlicrcol are
ni.ide many rare and arliliciall (ire-works. To these may be added llu- arte of Prinliuf;, aiiioii
their letters be in maner infinite and most dinicult. the portraitures whereof they cut in wcunl
or in brasse, and with inaruellou» facilitie they davly publish liu^e multitudes of hooks.
Vnto these mechanicall & illiberall crafts you may adde two more ; that is to say, nauij;ali(in
and discipline of warrc ; both of which haue bene in ancient limes most dilij;ently practised
by the inhabitants of China : for (as we haue before signified in the third dialogue) the C'hi-
nians sailing euen as farre as India, subdued some ]>art thcrof vnto their ownc dominion :
howbeit after%vard, least they should diminish the forces of their reaime by dispersing them
into many prouinccs, altering their counsel!, they determined to containe themselucs wiiliin
their owne limits : within which limits (as I haue sayd) there were in olde time \eheiiietit
and cruell warres, both betweene the people of China themselucs, and also a;iainst the Tar-
The Tartar! ly- tarian king, who inuadcd their kingdome, and by hinisclfe and his succe.ssours, for a lone;
'"'" season, vsurped the gouernnient thereof. Howbeit the kings of tlie T.irlarian race hvhv^
wome out, and their stockc and family being vtterly abolished, the Chinians began to lili
vp their heads, and to uduance themselucs, inioying for these 2U0 yeeres l.ist past cxcceilin.'
peace and tranquillity, and at this day the posierily of the same king that expelled the T;ir-
tars, with great dignity wearelh the crowne, aiul wieldeth the royall scepter. Albeit tlierc-
fore the people of China (especially they tiiat inhabit .Southerly from the prouiiue of l'a<|iiin
are, for the most part, by reason of continiiall case and tjuict, growcn cllcininate, and ilieir
courage is abated, notwithstanding they would prooue notable and braiie sonldiers, if ihev
iovnc'd vsc and exercise vnto their nalurall foriiiiide. As a nan ma\ ea-ily oliscrue in them,
that maintaine eonlinuall warres against the most barbarous and itu<1I farlars. Howbeit in this
kingdome of China there is s.> great regard of milit,iry discipline, thai no city nor towne there
is destitute of a garison, thecaptaines and gouerncnirs keeping ech man his order ; which all dl
them, in euery prouince, are subicct vnto the kings lieutenant generall for the warres, whom
they tall Chumpin, and yet he himselfe is subicct vnto the Tutan or viceroy. Let v.s now come
vnto that arte, which the Chinians do most of all professe, and which we mav, notvni.ilv,
call literature or learning. For although it be commt)nlv reported, that many liberall sricnt es,
and especially naturall and morall phylosophv are studied in China, ,iiui that they haue V'lii-
uersities there, wherein su<h ingenuous artes are deliiieretl and tau;jht, yet, for the im^t
part, this opinion is to Ix* esteemed more popular then true : but 1 will dnlare, vpon \sh:a
occa.sion this conceit first grew. The people of China doe, aboiic all things, prolessc the
arte of literature; and learning it most diligently, they imploy themselucs a long tinu' and
thf' better part of their .nge therein. For this cause, in all cities and townes, yea, and in
pety villages also, there are cerlaine schole-niasters hired for stipends tn instri.ct ehililrcn;
and their literature being (as ours in lapon iu also) in maner inliniie, their children are put to
xchole euen from their infancy and teiuler veeres, from when< e nulwiilisianding sue h are taken
away, as arc iudged to be vnfit for the same |)urp<)'-e, ami are trained \p to nian haiuli/.c or to
maiuiary sciences : but the residue do so deilicate lliemselues to the stiiilv of learnini;, iliat
(a strange tiling it is to consider) being conuer-aiii in the princi])all books, iliey will ta«iK
tel you, if they be asked the question, how many letters l;e conteinetl in cuerv page, and uht re
ech letter is j)laccd. Now, for the greater progn ^-e and iiurea'-e of learnin;;, tin \ i, as the ni.uier
is in Europe) do appoint three degrees to the attaining of noble stiericcs; that is to sav, ilu'
lowest, the middle degree, and the highest. (Graduates of the first degree are called .Siusai, of the
■ccond C^uiugin, and of the third Chiiuu. And in ech city or walled towne there is a publiqiie

hou<r

Military diK
(liiir.

Thf li-rriTulc
U China.

Three dc|reel in

learning.

['Sf rip/iort of Chimt

r Kuudry dciiiics out

[r matters coinicnicnt

lop-i and line workc-

\tTy many Painters,

|d Enibrotlu'rcrs) and

<ir ol" cottcin : whose

lulia Tlicir industry

powder, wlicrroi' arv

ric iirPrinlinf;, allKii

roof they nit in wudd

mullitiidrs of Imnks.

at is to say, nanij;ation

)st diligently practised

[lird dialogue) the Chi-

their ownc dominion :

c by dispersing them

aine themselucs wiiliin

n olde lime vehement

nd also a;;ainst the T:ir.

siiceessours, lor a limj;

i> Tartarian race tn-in-

Cliinians began to lili

eres last past cxeeetliii;,'

g that expelled the T;ir-

siepler. Albeit lliere-

thc prouincc of Patiiiin

ail ellcminate, and llieir

liraiie soiddiers, il' iliev

, ca-.ilv ob'^erue in llieiii,

1 Tarlars. Howbeit in Ihi,

I no citv nor townr liurc

laii his order ; whieh all ot

rail lor the warres, wlimn

iterov. Let vs now eonie

hiili wc may, not \nl,iiv,

lat many liberall scieiues,

, .Mid that they haiie Vni-

aiij:ht. yet, lor the hum

I will dr( lare, vpon what

• all things, prolesse the

•niselues a long lime and

and lownes, yea, and in

-nds 111 instri.it ihildren :

, their cliildreii are pnl In

iih^landing mk li are taken

(I \ p to niardiatuli/e or to

lie slinlv of learninii, lliat

nil bocks, lliey will easily

.1 in ouery page, and where

'ariiin;;, liuy (.as the maiur

ieiices; ihal is lo say, llu-

iPee are called Siusai, ol'ihe

llownetherc is a piibliqiie

hoii-p

A (lescriplion of China: TRAFFIQUES. Al-TD DISCOUERIES.

573

house called the Schoolc, and vnto that all they doe resort from all priuate and pety-schooles
that are minded to obtainc the lirst degree; where they do am|)lilie a sentence or theameThpfint de-
propounded vnto them by some magistrate : and they, whose stile in more elegant and redned, *'""
are, in ech city, graced with the lirsl degree. Ofsui h as aspire vnto the second degree trial! The «cond
is made onely in the metropolitan or principall city of the prouince. whereunto, they of the '''"'"•
first degree, eiicry third yere, haue recourse, and, in one publike house or place of assembly,
doe, the second time, make an oration of another sentence obscurer then the former, and
doe vndergo a more seucre examination. Now, there is commonly such an huge multitude
of people, that this last yerc, in the foresayd famous city of Cantam, by reason of the incre-
dible assembly of persons flocking to that publike act or commencement, at the first entrance
of the doores, there were many troden vnder foot, and quelled to death, as we liaue bene
most certainly informed. Morcoiier tiiey that sue for the highest degree arc subiect vnto a ThMhirdand
most seuere and exact censure, wherel)y ihey are to be examined at the Kings Court oncly, '"s''"' ii'B'"-
and that also ciicry third ycre next ensuing the sayd yerc wherein graduates of the second
degree are elected in ech prouince, ami, a cerlaine number being prescribed vnto euery
particular i)rouiiice, tliey do ascend vnio that highest pitch of dignity, which is in so great Notctheei-
regard with the king himselfe, that the three principall graduates do, for honours sake, drinke {.""f'J"^,'^!,.
olfa cup filled euen with the Kings ownc hand, and are graced with other solemnities. Out safcdby the
of this order the chiefe magistrates are chosen : for after that they haue attained vnto this cw'a'tponW.
thinl degree, being a while trained vp in the lawes of the realmc, and in the precepts of learned gra-
vrbanily, they are .admitted vnto diners functions. Neither are we to thinkc that the Chinians '''"""■
be altogether destitute of other arles. For, as touching morall philosophy, all those books Moraii pWio-
arc fraught with the precepts thereof, which, for their instructions sake, arealwayes conuer- "'''''^'
sant in the hands of the foresayd students, wherein such graue and pithy sentences are set
downe, that, in men void of the light of the (io^pell, more can not be desired. They haue Natur.iii phi.
books also that intreat of things and causes naturall, but herein it is to be supposed, that '°'°'''''''
aswell their books as ours do abound with errors. Tliere be other books among them, that
discourse of herbs and medicines, and others of chiualry and martiall atVaircs. Neither can
I here omit, that ccrtaine men of China (albeit they be but few, and rare to be found) are
excellent in the knowledge of .astronomy, by which knowledge of theirs the dayes of the new Eictiient
moone incident to euery moneth are truely disposed and digested, and arc committed to chmaT"'"
writing and pidilishcd : besides, they doe most infallibly foretell the eclipses of the Sun and
Moone: and whatsoeuer knowledge in this arte wc of lapon haue, it is deriued from them.
Leo. We doc freely (onfesse that (Michael) sithens our books intreating of the same arte
are, a great part of them, written in tiie characters or letters of China. But now, instruct
vou vs as touching their maner of gouernment, wiierein ih?' Chinians are sayd greatlv to The poiitikt
excell. MniUKi,. That, that, in very deed, is their c hiel'e arte, and vnto that all their learn- 'r'cimu!"'
ing and exercise of letters is directed. Wiiereas therefore, in the kingdomc of China, one
onelv king beares rule oner so many prouinccs, it is strange what a number of Magistrates
jre by him created to .idniini>ter publiipie allaires. For (to omit them which in ech Townc
and Citv haue iuri>diction oner the townesmen and citizens) there are three princip.ill Ma-
!ji-trales in euery prouince. The first is he tlial hath to deale in cases criminal!, and is called Three princi-
(lanchasu : the second i^ the Kih;;>. Fo^torer, and is called Puchinsu : the tliird i^ the Lieu- i"" """si-
tenant-generall for the wn-res, nanicil, as we ■.a\d bcl'orc. Chunipin. These three tlierelore prouii't".''
Ii.uic their place o!' rc-ideace in ihc (liicfe Cily of t!,o prouince: and the tw i I'orr er haue
rerl.une .is-.ociales of their owiie order, but of inreriour .nithorits , appointed in diners Cities
and ■fownc't, vnto whom, acronling to the variity of ( .luse.s, the Ciouernours of Towries, and
(lie Maiors of Cities doe appeale. Howbeit the three (oren.uned NLigi^irales arc in sublection
\nio liie Tul.ui, that is, tiu- Vice-roy, ordained in ei h prouince. And all these Magistrates
beare office for the space of three yeeres together: vet so, that for the goiierning of ech
|iriiuiiue, not anv of the s.inie prouince, but -Iraiigers, that is, men of another prouince,
.ire selected; wliereof il Kimnieth to passe, that the ludges may giue sentence witii a farre
more entire and incorrupt minde, then if they were among their ownc kinsefolkc and allies.

Ouer

1,1.5 '

V\^'

i !'•

|»7G

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A description ofChhia,

!i mg

Two Sfliatrs
or Coiinscli
rutiiiurflly h<>l<
den in China*

The cauielof
piacc In China.

Lrarning the

Oner and bcsicle^f all these, there is an annuall or yccrely Nfagistratc, which in railed C'haieii,
whose diiety it i>< to make inquisition of all crimes, and e-ipccially the crimes of Ma)'i>iiatcs,
and also to punish common ollences: but concerning the f;iiil!s of the jjreiit mai;ir,tr:iics to
admonish the kinj; himselfe. Of this order, enciy yeve, are sent out of the Kings Coiirf,
for ecli prouince, one; and !j;oiijr ouer all the Ciiics and Towncs thereor, the\ do most iljli.
pentlv ransackc and scrch out all crlnvs, and vpon ihem which are imprisoned they indici
due punishment, or, hcinj; found not j;uilty, they di-^misse them vnpuni-hed. Hence it is,
that all Magistrates greatly fearinu to be called in que-tion bv the Chaien are well ke|)t witliiii
the limits of their caHinp;s. Hcsides all these Ma;;istr:iles there is at either Ci urt, na-i.c y in
the North, and in the South, a Senate or honourable a-«nnbly of <xTi\:\c couiiscliours, mud
the which, out of all prouiiices, accordin;; to the necreMe>se and distance of the place, afliiircs
of greater weight and moment are referred, and by their authority diners Magistraics arc
created : howbcit tiie managing and expedition of print ipall allaires is cuiiiniiiled vnio the
Senate of I'aijuin. Moreoner there are euery yeere cerraine Magistrates ap|)oiiiie(l in pcii
prouince, to goe vnto the king; and euerv third vcere all the (Joiiernoiirs nf Cities and ol
Townes do \ isit him at once, what lime triall is made of them that aspire vnto the third degree;
\pon which occasion there is at the ■•ame lime an incredible nuntber of people at the KiiigN
Court. Rv reason of this excellent order and h;irmony of Magistrate-" jilaiid <ine \nilcr
another, it can scarsc be imagined, what ^weete peace and tr.,n(|uility (lonrisluth th(iri)\\( m
the whole realnie, especially sithens. after speedy in«ini-ilitiii, jjcr'.ons that are guiltv be juit
(as the maner is there) to the pnni-hment of the ba-i( nado ; neiiher \et are suits or aitii iis
anv long time delayed. AUn ii is not to be oniilled, that for the eblainiiig ol any dignity
only jtcptnho- or uiagistracv, the way is open, wiiho\it all res|)ect of s.',entr\ or blnod, \iito all men, ifiluT
.uurinChuia. j^^ leamcd, and es])eciallv if they bane :ilt:iined vnto the third and iiigliest de-ree alore-a\(i
Neither can it be expressed how obedient and drctili.ll the rcnini n sort are vnto their Sl;i-
gistratcs, and with what ma'.;ni(i< ence and ponipe the -ayd Magi^inites come abro.id ; fonlic
most part of them hauc til'tie or threescore S 'rgeanis allending \poii ihem, and going before
them, two and two in a ranke : some of ihem carrying llall-enls, .\|,ices, and liattle-axes;
some trailing vron chaines vpon the gr. und ; others luldin .■ gre.it rodiles i r staues i f :i cer-
taine kinde of reede, wherewith n-.alefac tour- are ])uni«licd, in their hands; and two llure
are that carry, inclosed in a case, the Kings scale peculiar fr ecii elfue ; and many oijiers
also, that shew sundry spectacles vnto the peoi)le ; whereunto m.iv be added the horrihic
out-cries and showtes, which betweene whiles they MIer, to ••Iril.e a terrour into the hearts nl
all men ; and at length come the Magistrate< theinsehiis, being (;irried in a tirone vpin llic
Thf hoiiwiof L^,.|^^ (,(■ foiirc men, sixe men, or eight men, according; to the ili;;nit\ of theiroflice. Now.

Inc Lniniui . , . , , i ' i i • , ' • i •

.latisiratri. as coiireming their houses, they are \ery large and stately, being bir.ll and lurni.-h< (I with
all necessary stufle, at the Kings owne cost, in the which, so long .is ilieir nKigi^iracy laslcili,
thev leade a braue ami an honounible life The savd houst s are witl.ont v.irii tv ol stories vw
aboue anot!ier, which in the kingdome of China and in our lies of lapon al-o are not nr-
dinarilv vscci for habitation, but cither to kcepe watch and ward, or els for solate and recre-
ations sake (for the whici) purposes, eight most lolly turrets of nine stories high are liuill)
or els for the defence of Cities. Ilowbeit in other reg;irdcs the-e bnil. lings die shew hiiili
no small ma',ni(icence ; fi r they haue tlieir cisternes for i!ie receit of raine w.iier, which :ire
adorned with beautiiull trees, -et in order, round aliout iliein : and iIk v haue aUo their places
designed for the administration of iusiice, and diners other ((nmenieni roonies to l.csii.w
their wines .;;id families in. Within tlu doores of ihe foresavd l.abiiatii lis a c. rtaine iiuai-
ber of Sergeants and oflicers, hailing cabbins or little hi ii-es ailoltcd them on both sides,
doe alwaves giue their attendance; and»o long as in.itiersol itidgcment are in deiiding, liiev
bealwa\es ready at hand, that, at the <irection of (he M.igistrates ihev mav either beat iiia-
lefacti'Urs, or by torments conslraine llien' to tell tlie irueth. The savd Magistrates also
haue their peculiar 'm""Cs wherein to take ti.e water; being in breadth and length not nuiih
viilikc to the ga!'' Vs o( Europe, but fr swiflnessc and mullilude of oares, lane inl'erieiir
vntu them. The rowern, silting vpun g;dlerics without the hatches or compasse of the barge,

doc

The italrlyAf
formid-il'le
proctsiion of
the I hini.in
nii^iltratrl.

The m.ji-
Uratca U-rgn.

li it

I description of China.

whicli in called Chaicii,
crimes of Mani^tiatcs,
ihc (jrcjt iTiauislratcs to
lut of the KiiiKH Cmirt,
rcof, thcN lU) most ilili-

• imprisoueil they inllicl
il)iini-<tKil. Hence it is,
lien are nvcM kept williiii
t either ('< I'rt, naic y in

• ra'.ie einiiiselloiir*, \iiti>
'wv of tlic place, alVairis
V iliiu-rs Maj;istraies are
■OS is roinmitteil vnio tlie
istrate>i appoimeil in eiii
ueriioiirs ol' Cities and of
i>ire vnlii the third dei^rec.

A description of Cliiiia.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

fi77

or ol' people at the Kin;;<
strates pUn id one vnilir
lilitv (lonrishilh lhi.ro\v iit
,ons that are uuilty lie j-ul
her vet are suits or aiti' ns
;• ('blainii\>; "f any di.^nily
)l(-od, M'to all men, if iIkt
1 l>i"hest decree alore-avil
V n Mirt are'vnio their M;i-
irates come al-road : tor ilie
,„,„ ihcm, and -oin-; Ix'l-rc
U, Maces, and Hallle-axes:
A ivddes .rstanesc faccr-
llu-lr hands : and two tlure
ri> liVite: and many <"1hts
may lie added the horrihle
• a iVrnnir into the hearts ol
,^,rriediii a tl rone vp-n the
i .nil\ (.•■ their olTiec. N"w,

11^ lui'.ll and rurnishid \M\
"s their ma;;i'lr:>cy laslilli,
ti out v.irii ty ol -tones nic
s of lapon al-o arc not "f-
„r cIs for <olaie and rccrc-
'„i,u- st.-ric- hii:h are l)uill)
huil.lioK-^'I'i' "^hew h'lih
it of raine water, wl.iih;irc
d ihcv haiie aNo their pl.ucs
iiciiient roonie-i to l.e-t..w
hab'tati lis a crlaine r.um-
ih.tKd lliein on Ix'th -idcs,
.riment are in decidinf;, they
U'-. thev inav either beat ma-
Ihe savd' Ma!;iMrates al-M
breadth ar.d lenf;th not mmh
tude of oares, fane inlen.nir
hcs or compasse of the barac

doe monue it on forward with their oares : whereupon it coinmeth to pas»e, that the middle
part of the bar^e adlirdeth .stifTicicnt roome for the Magistrates thcmselucs to abide in, con-
taining chambers therein almost as coniicnicnt and handsome, as in any of their foresayd
publique houses, to:;ether with butteries and kitehins, and such other places necessary for
the j)rouision and .stowajje of victuals. Leo. All these things agree right well with the re-
ports, which we haue heard of the stalely and renowmed kingdonio of China: I would now
right gladly know somewhat concerning the order which is obserued in the obtaining of
magistracies.

AlicuAEL. You haue enquired of a matter most woorthy to be knowen, which Ihad almost
omitted to entreat of The (Miinians therefore doe vse a kinde of gradatitm in aduancing^J"""""?'
men vnto sundry places of authority, which lor the most part is performed by the Senatoursualu'ificto*
of I'aquin. For first they are made iiidges of townes: then of Cities: afterward they are
elected to be of that order, which decrecth punishments in <'ases criminall without further
appeale, or of their order, that are the kings fosterers. And in both of these Orders, which
arc very honourable, there are many places and degrees, so that from the infcriour place they Dtg'etMnt.
must ascend vnto the snperiour, vniill they haue attained vnto the highest dignity of all:
and immcdiatly after that they come to be \ ice royes, howbcit this gradation is not alwayes
accomplished in one and the same |)rouince, but in changing their offices they change places
and prouinces also. Moreoucr, next after the oflicc of Vice-roy they are capable to be cho-
sen Senafours of Nanquiti, and last of all to be elected into the Senate of Paquin. Now,
there is such an order and methode obserued in the ascending vnto these dignities, that all
men may easilv conieclure, what office any one is to vndertake. And there is so great dili-
gence and celerity vsed for the substitution of one into the roome of another, that for the
same purpose, messengers are dispatched by land, vpon swift post-horses, vnto diners pro- HiJmg poM.
uinccs, almost twenty dayes iourney from the Kings Court. And, to be short, there is such
district seuerily in dcgradini,' those that vniustly or negligently demeanc thcmselucs from
an honourable vnto an infcriour and base office, or altogether in depriuing them of the kings
authority : that all Magistrates doe stand in feare of nothing in the world tnore then of that.
The same order, almost, is obserued among the Capiaines and I ieu-ten.mts gencrall for the
warres : except onely in them, that their birth and ollspring is respected: for many there be,
who descending by parenlnge from such men as haue in times past atehieucd braue exploits in Mirtiiiidij-
warf.ire, so soonc as they come to sufficient yeeres, are created Centurions, Colonels, and Go- ■"""•
ucrnours, vntill at last they attaine to be Lieu-tenants general! and I'rotectours of some whole
prouinee: who nolwitlistanding (as I haue savd) are in all thing subiect vnto the Vice-roy,
.\11 the foresayd Magistrates both of warre and of peace haue a set number of attendants al-
lotted vnto them, cnioying a stipend, and carying certaine ensignes and peculiar badges of
their oflice ; and (besides the ordinary watch, which souldiers aj^ointed for the same pur-
pose doc in the night season, after the City gates be shut, kecpc in their forts) whercsoeuer
aiiv .Magistrate is, either at his house or in his barge, tiie sayd attendants striking vpon a
cvml)all of brasse, at certaitic appointed times, do keepc most circumspect and continuall
watch and ward about his person. LiNis. You haue (Michael) sufficiently discoursed of the
Magistrates: infornie vs now of the king himselfe, whose name is so rcnovvtned and spread
ahroad. Miciiaki,. Coiuerning this matter I will say so much onely as by certaine rumours
hath come to my knowli'dge; for of matters appertaining vnto the kings Court we haue noThciiiniof
eye-witnesses, sithens tiie fathers of the society haue not as yet proceeded vnto Paquin, '■•ho so *"'"'"■
sdone as (, by (>ods assistance ) they shall there be arriued, will by their letters more fully aduer-
tise \s. The ki, •> of ("hina therefore is honoured with woonderfull reuerence and submission
thorowotit his whole realme : and wheiisoi iier any of his chiefe Magistrates speaketh vnto him,
he calleth liini \'.\N-SVI, signifying thereby rtuit he wisheih tenne thousands of yeeres vntoVin-Sui.
him. The succe-sion of the kingdome dependeth vpon the bloud royall : for the eldest sonncThc 5u««uiui.
home of tlie kings lirst and lawfull wife obtaineth the kingdome after his fathers decease:"' '"""""""
neither doc they dtpriue thcmselucs of the kingly authority in their life time (asthemaner is
in our Hands of lapun) Init the custoine of Kuropc is there obserued. Now, that the safety
VOL. II. 4 B and

■ tliecrowTif

H'i'

«,V,

•r 1

:'.i

57S

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

^ dtHcrivtii^n of Chintz

*rhr iJ.iUtrinii
rcli^iuii uf tlie
king.

Thf kingi nnd life of the king may nfand in more senirify, lii« yoongcr brethren, aiul the rest bcirnrnf
yongct '""'"'"•conciibine'J are not permitted to Hue in the kinj^t Court ; l)iif places of h;ibit;iii(iii arc bv the
ktnp himselfe aligned vnto them in diuer-* proninres farrr distant asunder, where they (Iwcll
most commiKliously, l)eing comparable vnto kin<;s for their buildings and rcuenne-: ho>vi)cj|
they exereisc no authority oner the people, but all tin- guiicrnment of tho-e c iries wherein
they dwell ronrerncth the Magistrates, who notwithsfandiiis; haiie the sayde Princes in hi(f|,
regard and honour, and doe visit ihein twise in a nioncth, and salute them kneeliri!; > pon tliei,-
knee!<, and bowing their lares downc to the earth : and yet thev cnniniiiniciite iidlhin!; viun
them as touching the administration o( the ronin)on-we:iilh. These are fliev uhich in:iv pr<i-
perly be called the Peeres or Princes of the Ke.ilme ol' Cliinn : (nr liu-y <leriue their linii'-iN
and reueniies vnto their posterity, and so are these royall faMiilies continually preseriied. Hm
to rcturne vnto the king himselfe, liee is most ch:trv in nbseriiinf,' the Chinian lavNCs arid i ii>.
tomes, and diligently exerciselh himselfe in learning so much as concernes his estate, sliewcth
himselfe davly vnto his chiefe Magistrates, and coniniuneth of matters appert.iininj; in ||„.
pubiique commodity of the Uealme. Ilis palace is of woonderl'iill largeiiesse and <:ip.i(itv
out of the which he verv seldome t;ikcs his ])r()gressc; and whensoeuer hedoetli so, there arc
twelue chariots brought (oorth, all of them most like one to another both in workeniaiNhip
Twiiucchiti.-ii. ^11^ ji^ value, that no man may discerne in whi( h the king himselfe is phiced. He ((illnweth
in religion especially the o|)inions of the Magistrates, attributing dinine power vnto liiaiicn
and earth as vnto the parents of all, and with gn-al solemnity sacrificing \nto them. lie haih
diuent most sumptuous Temples dedicated \ nio his ancesiours, whereui'.to likewise he ascrilir i|,
diuine honour, and yet ceaselh hee not to fauour Priests of other sects, yea hee ercrirtli
Temples vnln their Patrons, endowing them with most rich rcuenues ; and so often as nm
vrgcnt necessity requireth, he enioyni-s rontinuall fastings and prayers vnto them: and altc
this sort he doeth in a mancr patroni/e all the idolatrous se( t-i of liis Healnie, and sliewin
himselfe ready to embrace any false religion whatsoeuer, heliueth in siuulry and nianilii|(|(
kindes of nuperslition. Out of all the former particul.irs by me alledged, you may casih
coniecture that the administration of the kingdome of (.'hina doelh, for the most part, aurci-
>■ i.iihe ^yjif, (},p instinct of nature, authority being commitleil, not vnto rude and vnskilfull pcrs(in«,
but vnto such as haue beene conuersant in the vse and exercise of learning, yea, and in nr .
moling learned men vnto magistracies, great c<msideration is had of their wisedome, iustii c,
and of other virtues esteemed by the Cliinians : wherefore the way being open for all nirn.
without any respect of degree or parentage, to oblaine any of the foresayd dignities, it (aii
not be but that this most mighty and famous kingdome mu-t needes eniov exceeding pc.uc
and tran(|iiillitv. Leo. I would nowe (Michael) right gladly vnderstand, what kinde of \r.
banity or ciuilj demeanour i)oih the «-ommon people and the Magistrates doe vse one towanlr-
another : for it is not likely that where such due administration of iustice is, common ciiiiiii\,
Thf fiif vfrtufnyhirh H„ y,Q\\ lieseemcth all men, should be wanting. MiciiAti,. You haue hit euen tluMcn
iVrm,V..ino'!j naile on the head: for among the (iue vertues, which the Chiniaiis principally regard, \rl),i-
thcciimunj. nilyor courtesy is one; the rest are piety, a thankefull rrniembraiue of benefiies, true deal-
ing in contracts or bargaines, and wisedome in atchietiing (>f matters : with the pniiscs and
Vriaiuty. coinnwn lations of which vertues the Chinian bookes are full fraught. Now as touching their
vrbanity, it is much ynlikevnto ours in lapan, and vnto that of F.nro|)e : howbeit vniier tw i
pri:icip,ill kindes the rule of their vrbanity or courtesie may l)e compreheiliied : win rent ori-
is obserucd l)tlweene ('(|uals, anri the other betweene superiours and infcriours. For wlicn
men of ecju.All dignity meet tigcther, they stand bending their backes, and l)owing their he;iil-
downe to the j^round, and this thcv doe either once or twise, or sometimes ihrisc. Now wh( n
the iiiferiour meets with his superiotn-, the sayd inleriour, for the most part kneelin;; low'v
on his knees, cnciineth his ccimlcnance downi- to the earth. Hut h.ow often and when thi-
obei/ance is to he ptrformedit is woonderfull what a number of rules and prescrijitiuns are
Tiir Chiniini Set ilownc, whi( h to rccount Wi uld require a Ion;; lime. Somewhat also I wil say as toiirli-
«''rdVt'i"i'r'|.!l- '"K 'I'eir |jiely, and especially of the ])iel\ which t'u-y vse towards ilieir parents, which vc-
r-ini. rily is HO exceeding great, that for the space of three whole yeres togellier, the sonnes being

daddc

Thf ciuill go
urrnmrnt '»f
Cliinj tn«tt

iiittinct
turr.

I' r •

A dcsrrivtim of China.

.i descriiilion of China.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DiSCOtJERIES.

a7J>

(laddo ill mourning vcsdircs doc bpwailc »hc death of their parents, which duety is pcrlonncd
not oni'ly l)y the coniinnn sort, but cucii by all the Magi<itrutcH lliemsehics, and tiiut most cu-
riously and dib<;enilv. And that all men may wholly }riiie their attendance vntu this) businessc,
it i.s pronidcd by a most iniiiolable law amonj; the Chiniaiis, that .Magistrate.s, vpon the death
of llieir parents, must foorthwith renounce their authority, and tiiree whole yccres, for the
performance of I heir fathers exetpiies, nuM betake thcmselucs vrito a priuatc kindc of li-
uin^ : which also is niost duciv put in practise by the Senatours of the Kind's owne Councell.
For albeit a man be t\'^\u j;raci(ius in the eyes of his Prince, yea, and such an one, as vpon
whom the administration of the Hoalme doeth principally depend ; yet hauing heard of the
death of his parents, ihal i-, of \m lather or his mother, he hies himselfe immediull) home
to solemnise their funerals : insomu< h that if the kinp would retainc hi;ii still in his oflice, he
should be estee-ucd by the pt-ople, a> a irans^rcssour ol the lawesand customes of China : which
accident (ai it is recorded) in ancient limes fel out euen so. Forwhenas a certain king mos( AmcmoraMo
familiarly v^cda certaiiie Senatour of his about the manaijing and expedition of publike al- ""'''
laires, and vnderstaiidini; well how necessary the helpc of his foresayd Senatour was, would
{(ladlv, alter the death of his I'.itlier, haue retained him still in his oflice: yet a certainc other
man, bein^ a wclwiller vntu iheC'hiiiian lawcs, could in no case abide ii,but checking his Prince
with sharpe rebukes, obiected the lransiires>ion of the law against him. The king waxing wroth
menaced present death vnto the man : but when the party being no wit danted with the ter-
ruur of death, persisted siill in his sayings, the king changing hi.s determination dismissed the
Senatour to mouinc for his father, l>ui as for his reprehei.der he adiianccd him vnto an higher
dignity. l,i\i s. I perceiue (Michael) that drawing loan end of these dialogues, and being
we.iry of your long r.ue, you begin to allect breuity : yet let it not secme troublesome vnto \ou
to s|)eak«' somewhal of ilu- religion of China, which oiiciv thing secmes to be wanting in this Th.' rfiijion of
presi-iii di.dogue. Micuaki,. I coiifcssc indeed that I endeuour to be briefe, not so much in re-*^'""''
gard of we.irisomncsse, as for fearc least I haue bene ouer tedious vnto you : howbcit I will not
faile but accomplish thai which 1 haue vndertaken, and (according to your request) atldc some-
whal more concerning religion. Whereas therefore the kingdome of China hath hitherto bene
destitute of true religion, and now the first beginnings thereof are included in most narrow
bounds, that naiion being otherwise a people nu^st ingenious, and of an extraordinary and
high capacity, Ivith alwaves lined in nre.it ern urs and ignoiancc of the trueth, being dis-
lracte<l into sundry opinions, and following inanifolde sects. And among these sects there '^^rtf|>'|"''^Jll
are three more famous then the rest : ihe first is of iheni that priifes.se ihe doctrine of one chmLjr'''^'''
Confucius a notable philoso]iliir. This man (as it is reported in ti.e history of his life) was
one of m">-i vprighl and incorr,:pt inancrs, whereof he wrote sundry treatises very pithily
•uul largely, which alioue all other books, are seriously read and perused by the Chinian.4.
■flie s;iine iloctriiie do all Magistr.ites embrace, and others also that giiic their mindes to the
-tudv (if letters, a great p.iri whereof C<mfiiiius is sayd to banc iiuiented: and he is h.nd in Confucius «u.
SI) great honour, that nil his followers and dienis, vpon the daycs of the new and full ^'J'^™"'' '''"'"'
Moone, do<' a-semble ihemselues at the ( ommon Schoolc, which I haue abouc menlioned,
and before his im.ige, which is worshipped with burniiij; of iiucnse and with tapers,
ihev doe thrive bend tlicir knees, and liow their heads doNsne to the ground; which not
imelv the Kimmon scholars, but the chicle .Magistrate-. d'> perl'orine. The siirame of the Tiir .ummr of
loresavd dniiriiie i-., that men sli()iild follow the ii^ht of nature a* their uuide, and that they Si^'Jl'i'^c"' *"'
slioidii diligentU ciidcu iir to attaine vnto the verlues by me before mentioned: and lastly,
lli.ii they she iild employ their labour about the i rderly gi uernnient of their families and of
the Common-wejith. .Ml these things are in very deed praise-worthy, ii Confucius had made
any mention of almighty (iiul and of the life to < ome, and had not ascribed so much vnto
the hciiueiis, and vnto I'.ii.dl necessity, nor yet had so curiously inlreated of worshipping the
images of their forcfiihers. in which regard he can very hardly or not at all be cxcu.sed
IVoin the I rime of idobtrv : notwithstanding it is to be granted, that none other doctrine „ .

.1 Mong tlie Chinians ajipro^u luin so iivere vnto Ihe trueth as this doelh. The -econd sect is .i iiiesr,..iid
(if ihcm which follow the instructions of Xaquam, or as the Chinians call him Xequiani, ',"^J;,"'';'^''^5',jj

■t E ii whose C'tn iir Uouii.

t •' i

hSO

:il

Note.

Th« third »♦«.

Th* tupeniiiion

«i the Suiccai.

Chrinitn re-
ligion planted In
Chinn.

An incifiit cui-
tomr wi.Tthy y«
obKIUAtluii.

The Chinians
ontemnc othft
Hatioiii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, A description of China.

whose opinions, because they are well knowen amon{;<4t vs, it were bootleo^e for me to re-
peat; especially sithens, in the Catechisme composeil by our graue viiitcnir, they are
notably refuted. This doctrine doe all they embrace, which are in China called Cen, but with
vs at lapon are named Bonzi. For this* I doe brielly and l)y the way gitie yon lo vntlcrstand,
that all words of the Chinians language arc of one "tillable oncly, no that if there Ik- any
word that consisteth of more billables then one, it contitteth ;ilxo of more wonlen then one.
These sectaries called Cen doe Nhaue their beards and their headx, and doe for the ino-i
pare, together with diuers of their associatcn, inhabit the Teicples of Xaqiiam, or of oihcr<
which in regard of the same profession haiie in their Kalenders beene r.inotiized for Saiius,
and doe rehearse certaine prayers after their maner, cither vpon book-* or beads, vsing other
ceremonies after the maner of our Bon/i. These men haue some inckling of the life to
come, and of the rewardes of good men, and the punishments of the wicked: howbcji all
their assertions arc fraught with errour-i. The third sect is of them which are called Taiizu;
and those doc imitate a certaine other man, to be adored, as thev l.iinke, for his holincssp.
These also arc Priests after their kinde, howbeit they let their haire grow, and «loe in other
obseruations differ from the fornuT. Nowc, because the sect of Confucius is the inn»f
famous of all the three, and the two other sects called Cen and Tan/.u are iu)t much addicted
vnto learning, their religion preuailing onely among the common sort, the Priests of bnih
the sayd sects doe Icadc ;i most base and scruile life amonijst the Chinians, insomuch th.it
they kncele downe bcfo' t the Magistrates, and are not permitted to sit beside them, and
sometimes, if the Ma^.i-fate ple.ise, arc ab.iscd vnto the punishment of the bastonado;
whereas in our lies of lapon it is farre otherwise, Prie-^ts, eiien of false religion, being had
in so great honour among vs. I,r.«>. 1 heard also (Michael) that the Saracens superNtiiinn
takes place in China: now, whether it doth or no, you can resohie vs. MiriuEi,. That
forrcn superstition was brought into China what time the Tartars jnuadcd the kingdome, and
vsurped the gouernment thereof. All the .Saracens therefore in China are originally de-
scended of the Tartars, who, because they were an infinite number, could not vtterly be
expelled and rooted out of the kingdome, but remaining still there, hau<" propagated their
posterity, though not their religion. These therefore are soiihiiers for the greater part of
them, and sometimes doe fibtaine marliall dignities: and except a few ceremonies of their
super I'.'wn which is nowe becotne stale and almost worne out, they floe line altogether after
the C'lnians fashion, their predecessonrs being brought into the same kingdome about
foure hundred y ceres agoc. Linvs. Now (.Michael) let \s heare you say somewhat of the
Christian religion, which as we hope hath set most h;ippv footing in that kingtldiiic.
Michael. I could say much concerning those most wished and acceptable beginnings, were
they not already published in lapon by the letters of the fathers: howbeit I will mal»e a
briefe rehearsail of all things, that I may not seeme iillogellier to haue abandoned this
labour. You know that from the time wherein the fithcrs of the society arriued in oiir
Hands, to the end they might augment Christian reIii;ion, tiiey were in like sort most eare-
full how they might insinuate them«elues into the innermost jiartsof the kingdome of China
In the middest of this ciideuour and Irauell Francis Xauier, a most deuout man of the fore-
sayd society, departed out ofthi-* present life at the He of .Sanciaii ( which some call Sangiani)
leaning an e.xaivplc vnto the rest of his as-ociaies, how tiny should likewise doc their hct
to plant the religion of Christ in that nation. This man was secoiuieil bv others, who v-ed
all meanes, and left no practise vnattempted, that thev miyht l)ring these good beginnin);s
vnto a prosperous issue: howbeit th( y were greatly hindered i)y reason of an anticnt
cu-<tome in China, in regard whereof they doe not v>ithout great dilTnulty and circumspte-
tion admit atiy strangers into their dominion", except those whiih haning a long time
executed the ofiice of ainbassadours doe ordii-arily euery third yeere present themselucs be-
fore the king: in the admission of whom likewise there is maruellous care vsed, that they
may not easily espie and become ac(|u.tinted with the ail'aires of the Kealme. Heereuiito may
be added, that the Chinians are great contemners of other nation>, and most constant oh-
Ncruers of their owne lawes and cnstomcs: in ail which respects it came to passe, that there

wan

A de.icrtptlon of China.

e bootlwxe for me to re-
rauc vititiuir, thry are
hin;i called Ccn, but with

V giuc yim I" viulcnttand,
y, HO that if there he any
r more wordc!* then one.
ds, and doc for the mii,|

of Xaqiiain, or of ollicri
cne f.inonized for Saints,
lok-s or beads vsiiin; other
ime inckling of the life to
f the wicked: howbcit ail
in which are called Taiizii:

V t.\iiike, for his hoiine-sc.
ire <;row, and doe in oilier
<if Confiiciiw is the mnut
u/u arc not much addicted
III sort, the Priests of hnth

V Chinians, insomuch tii.ii
d to sit beside them, and
shmcnt of the bastonailo.
r false relij{i<)i>. bcinj; had
at the Saracens supervtitii.n
soluc vs. MiriiAEi-. That
inuaded the kinf;dome, ami
II China arc ori|;inally dc-
nber, could not vtterly be
lere, haue propagated thiir
liers for the greater part nf
I a few ceremonies of their
ley doe line altogether afur

the same kingdome ahcut
re vou say somewhat of ihi'
footing in that kinpilomc.
cceptable beginnings, wcrf
ers: howbeil I will make a
rr to haue abandoned liii-
the society arriued in our
i^erc in like sort most can-
i)f ihe kingdome of ChitKi
it deuout man of the fori'-
which some call Sangiam)
iild likewise doc their hcst
iniicd by others, who \>(d
iii; these good begiiu)in);s
I by reason of an aiuienl
I diflRdilty and circumspci-
whiih hailing a long time
re present tliemselues l)c-
ji llous care vsed, that they
the Healme. Heereunto may
iii«, and most ctmstant ob-
it came to passe, that there

M. 'fhomai Steuena.

TRAFFIQUES, AND ' -COUERIES

was wonderful! labour and diligence employed abom lijrty yceresi together, onely to get an
entrance, vnlill in the yeerc one thousand flue huiulred f"urescoi* 4nd three, two fathers of
the forcsnyd society, that had pretty skill in the letters and language of China, vtterly
despairing of mans heipe, and depending vpon the prouidcnce of almighty GcxI, obtained
licence of the Tutan or Vicc-roy to build them an house and a Church in the City of Xau-
quin, which by reason of the coinmodiousnesse thereof is the seat of the Viceroy himseife.
This workc being beguiine, the sayd falhcs of the society, for the nouelty thereof, were a
few yecres right well entreated by the Magistrates: insomuch that two others out of India
had free and easic nccessc vnto them, one couple remaining still in their foresayd house at
Xaiiquin, and the other two taking their ioiirney for the inner prouinces, to conueri more
peojile vnto the faith: who iiotwithstar.ding afierv\ard, other Magistrates not approouiiig of
their attempts, were constrained to retire. Nowe all the time wherein the foresayd fathers
abode at Xau(|uin { l)eing more then line yeeres) ceriaine of the common people were restrain-
ed from false siiperstiiion to Christian religion, and seuenly persons were baptized. But the
enemy of mankiiule, \vlio omitieth none opportunity for the hindcrance of Christian re-
ligion, suggested into the miiules of the Chinians (being, as I sayd, of their owne nature, a
people estranged from the trallicjiie and acquaintance of other nations, and alwayes being too
too suspicious of strangers) that they should exhibitc letters of supplication vnto the Caien
and the Tutan their principall .Nfa>>istrales, to haue the fathers expelled out of Xauqiiin:
which \fagistrates repairing vnto their fore-ayd house and Church entered consultation how
they might bannish them out of the sayd City of Xaiquin: in which thing v(rily they vsed
great inoderatiun, not any way otfending or exasperating the miiules of the fathers, but
oncly signifying that they had regard vnto Ihe estate of their Common-wealth. For the
Tutan or Vicc-roy calling the fathers \nto him, and (to let passe other accidents) vsing
courteous and familiar conference with them, declared by many arguments, that their habita-
tion in the City of Xauquin was not comienient, es|)ccially sithens so many Magistrates
resorted vnto that City, who wculd take great oflicce at the presence of strangers. For the
which cause he perswaded them t(» accept some part of the money which they had bestowed
in the building of their house, and so to rcturne either home into their owne countrcy, or
vnto the port of Macao, Howbeit, such was the instant siippliiation of the fathers, and so
woorthy of compassion, that the Tutan or Vicc-roy, in the extreame and mcditerranc borders
of the proiiince of Coantiim, assigned vnto them a new habitation at the city called Xaiicheo,
commending them also to a certaine Magistrate, who was come from the same place to
r*.iliitc him. Thither therefore the >ayd fathers, not without great sorrow and griefe of the
Christians, hied themselucs, and as we are informed by their last letters, they haue euen now
Kiyed the foundation of their (irst building, and haue also written that they are like to liue
much more peaceably and conueniently for the propagating of Christian religion. These
he the first beginnings of Christianity in China, where, euen as in other places of the Chris-
tian Common-wealth, the seed is to be sowen with great labour and teares, that acceptable
fruits may be reaped with gladnesse. Leo. It is euen as you haue sayd (Michael) and nowe
for this your pleasant and eloquent discourse we do acknowledge our sclues much bounden
vnto you.

A Letter written from (ioa, the principall City of all the East Indies, by one Tho-
mas Steuens an English man, and sent to his father, M. Thomas Steuens : Anno
1579.

AFter most humble commendations : These shall be to crane your davly blessing, with
like commendations vnto my mother ; and wilhall, to certifie you of my being : according to
your will and my diicty. I wrote vnto you taking my iourney from Italy to Fortiigall, which
letters I thinke are come to )our hands, so that presuming thereu|)on, I thinke I haue the le.sse
need at this time to tell you the cause of my dep.nrting, which neucrthele.ssc in one word I
may conclude, if I do but name obedience. I came to Lisbon toward the end of March,
eight daycs before the departure of the shippcs, so late that if they had not bene stayed

about

■1 ■ j

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

At Thomitu Sifucni.

■ii\-h

;;■:

' . .«„

lli-'iii

„ ififlifi' !'!.'!

nboiU Home w«Mj»lily nialKT*, ihry hadljcne lon^ umic hi lorrmir mmiMiriK : inxjimiirh tlmi
thric were olhcM "Riaincd In ^oi- in our \)laii"<, Hint (he kiiinn |triiui«i<i,i nml i urt al<() minhr
ni)t be ill vaiiic. NcutTlhrlcMMC our hu(I<Umi (oinminj; Inokc iilacc, and ilu- fourth ot Aprill
line Nhipn ilcpartrd CnrCi'ia, wherein heHidrn Hhipini-n ami loiildiers, thtir sverr a j;rral iiiiin.
her of children which in the tvw* bcare (iiit briicr lluri men, uiid ii« -nnniell, when (lin
many women alio paxnc >ery well. The 5<eiiinK I'lHirth I'rom the pdtl I ■ cd not to toll Ik^
nolemne it in with inimpctK, anti ••hooliiiji; of ordinance, ymi nia\ c i^il^^ i n nine it, con-idcr-
injt that they ro in the manrr of warrc. The tenth ol' the roreiavd inoncili wc came in ihp
"i^ht of I'orl" Santo necrc vnl«i Madera, where an laiKli«h shippe set \p<in oupt (whidi v*u
then aNo alone ) with a lew nKoIm, whii li did no hariiie, but after llint our ship had laveii niu
her greatest ordinance, they «trai);hl departed at they came. The Kn^lish shippe wai ver\
I'aire and prent, which I w,ih sory to nee to ill (xcupied, lor "lie went nMiinK about, ho that
we saw her a^aine nl theCanarian He*. miId the whidi we came the thirteenth ol the lavd
moneth, and ^ood |ei<*ure we had to woonder at the hi);h moimluine ol ihc- Hand Tencril',
fnr we wandreil betwecne liiat and ;;real Canariu foure dayen bv re:iMiiii of mntrary windcs;
«nd briefly, Niich enill weather we had vntill the I'oureieenlh of Mav, that thcv deop.iircd,
to compns»e ihi- Ciipe of (mxkI hope that y.ere. NciieilhclesMC, lakinn our vova^e bctwrciii'
(iiiinea and the Maud'* id" Capo Veale, without seeing of any land at all, w<'arriuedal leii.;ili
\ nto the coast id' (iiiinie, which the I'lTlunaU mi (-ill. ihiclK that p.iii ol the burnini! X nc,
which it from the xi\t ile;;rce vnto tlic lupiiiini iiali, in \>hicli parts ihev snilered mi maii\ m.
conucnicnci'H ol heats, and lacke of winiK's, ih:ii they thinkc iheinHclues happy when iln \
h:ine passed it: for someinncs the ship -t.indcth thcie alnust by the Npace ol mans d.i\('«,
soimtime she j»oeih, bnl in such order that it weic ;ilniosi .u jjoiul to stand still. And ilic
greatest p.irt ol' this coa«t not clean', but thicke and iIouiIn, full of ihiiridcr and li^liicnii ^,
und raine so vnhfilcsome, that if the w.^tcr sinnd a little w'.ilc, all i-t lidl of worines, and l.ill-
iiii; on the meat whiili is hanucd \p, it makctli it sir,iii;iii lull of wornies. Along all (lia
coast we often times snw a thing swuninin;; \|)on the water like a cccks lombe (whicli ihe\
rail a *hip ofdninea" but thecoh ur niui li lain r ; wliii li com be staiuleth vpon a ihinij alnn.-i
like the swimmer of a lish in colour aud hignesse. and bcaii'ih \ iiilcrne.iih in the water, uriiii'.
which sane it from turninj; oner. This iluni; is so poi^nnous. tli.ii :i man ciinnot ton, Int
without L:reat perill. In this coast, ih.it i^ to say, from the si\i dcjin-e vnto the K(piinr,t>:ill,
ue spent no leKse then thirty daves, partU with contnirv windcs, partly with rnlme. Ili,
lliirlieih of .Mav we passed liie lupiinocl all with contentaiion, ilircrlmi; our ccurse as^^(l^,|,
we could to p.isNe the promontorv, but in all that gulfe, \' in all the v>:\\ besid,', vsc |. i;,,,)
xo often calmes, that iheexperte-l m;irineis wondrcd at it. And in pi. ires where are ahv.m,
W( out to be most horrible tempests, we li und most quiet calmes wliii h was verv troiddc-i.in
to those shi|)s whii h be the greatest ol all other, and cannot go \Niihout koimI winder liiv ■
much, th.it when it is tempest ahnosi intolleraMe for other ships, and ni.ikcili ihrni maim .1!
their sailes, these hnisc- vp, and s.iile e\i client well, vnlesic the waters be tn.i too lui ■ c
which seldi me happened in our iiauination. \o\i -hall Mider-land, tl at bcinij passal the lii.c.
tliev cannot straightway go the next way to the promontory ; but aicording to the wiiuU-,
ihev draw alwaves ;is iiicrc Soiiilias thcv tan to put thciiisducs in tlie latitude of t!ie puiii'
which is J.'» degrees and an halle, and tlun they lake their Cdui-c low.iriU the La.st, ami >,,
compassi- the point. Hut the winde scrueil \s so, that at .i,'< dcL;nes wc did dirci t our k mi-c
toward the point or pronuintorv ol (ioixt iiope.

Yon know that it is hard lo -ailc from I-.,isi to We-t, or conir.iri, bci ,iuse there is 110 (i\iii
point in all the skie, whereby thi'v !n;iy direct their course, whcrefoic 1 shall tell voo wh.it
help^ (JikI prouided fi'r these men. There is not a fowie th.it appcreth, or sigm- in the aire,
or in the sea, which they haue not written, which ham- made the \oy;o.!;cs heretofore. Wlu-r-
fi .re, partly b\ their owne e\|ierience, and pondering withall what space the ship was ahlc
to make with such a winde, and such direction, and partly b\ the experience of others, w|i,%c
books and natiigations they haue, they ge-se whcre.ibouts they be, loiii hing degrees if j,,,,.
j;itiide, for of latitude they be alwaves sure; but the greatest and best inclusfrv of all is to

in.iike

Hf Thomnii Sleueiii.

riimmirtK: insomuch ilmt
niHio.i and i ur< al«i minlu
and tlu> loiirlh "I Aprill
th*i« wen- II j;rriil miin-
iiil i.t -naniell, v«lioii lli.ii
(irt I 1 I'll ii'il I" •«'ll Ik'w
i,i-.ilH I II nine il, riin«i(lfr-
\A inoiiflli wconic In il\r
\n vjton luirH (wl)i(li WM
llint our »hi|> had layt'il nut
c Kii^IhU sliipjic wan \cr\
MMir riiiiiiiK ;d)oiit, ko iIui
ilu< ihlrtri'Mlh «>( the •<.\\i\
nine 1)1 Ihf Hand TcihtiI,
•tMMdii i>r t (Hitrary *sinilr> ;
Mav, llial thi y dcp.iiml,
ikinn "ur Miyant" liftwrciu'
1 M all. we arrJiiid at Icn^ili
I |):iii ol ihr liurniiii; /lie,
1 ilu-y ^iilUTfd HO niaii> in.
•intcliio liapjiy whi'ii ilii\
iho (tpaio ol many (I.imh,
Mil |« stand Htill. And ilu
ol iliiindiT and li);lilfnii )i,
1 U lull 111' wirnic*. »n<l l.ill-
il wnriiiC''. Along ;ill iliu
;i Ktixs conibr (whitli ihrv
ilaiidclh vpoii a thinit almi.«i
li'i-n«Mth in tlip water, Mrini'.
tliiit a man cannot Ion. Ii ir
ifrri'c \ nio the Ktniiniutinll,
11, portly with cnlmr. Ilic
iri'ciini; oiircc iir-ic aswi II.'.
i the v\:i\ licx'uir, we I' in, I
in pLiri'-* wlu-rc are ah^.^l.
wliii 11 «as vcrv trouliU-Miir
rtiilioiit Kood winde* liw( ■
nd in.iki'lli llii-ni liiiiiin il;
(• \N:ilcr'< be too too I'lii'i!-,
il, tl :il lieinn p:i-.«ed the linr,
lit :u iiirdiiiu lo tlie wiiulc,
111 the latitiiili' of tlic poiii!
|o\>.ird> (lie V,.i>\, ami >..
iciN we did direit our n iir-i-

s , lui lU-e llicrc it no liM.i
•ri't'oif I -liall tell yon \<.hM
pereth, or -ifine in the :ilrr,
\o\;i'/rs licrrtofore. Wlier-
vli.it ■ipacc the thip v»:h alilc
' I'Npeiitnce of other-*, win »c
le. loiii hing decreet rl hn-
nd Inst industry ol all is lo
iii.irke

At. Thoman Stfuenit.

inAFFIQUnS, AND DISCOUERIES.

markc the variati<in nf the needle or cotn pause, which in the Meridian or the Hand of S.Thtvitijiu
Miehael, whirh is one ol" the Azure'* in the latitude of Lisbon, i» iutt North, and ihence'i^'^^J ''""""
Kwarueth toward- the Kast so much, ih.it betwixt tlie Meridian al'oresayd, and the point of
ACrira it earriclh lliree or fnuie «piarters ol' '.H And againe in the point of Afrike, a iillle
beyond llie point fli.il is railed C.ipc das Abulias (in KiiL'.lisli the needle-) it rcturncth ajjaine
vnio the Norili, ami that plai e passed, it sw.ruelh ajjaine toward the West, .is it did bcl'orc
pripnrlionallv. As |iiiuhiiii( our lirst siniies, the ncerer we eaine to the people of Afrike, the .sn„«ii>aii
more slian;{e kindis of fowles appeared, insoiniu h that when we eame within no lesse then j|'J„^'j'"J^'
ihirtN leannes (almost an hundred miles) and sixe hundred miles an we thoimht I'roin any ^"' '"""""
llaiiii, :i« ij.iod as t!ir;'c lliousaiul I'ovylis of sundry kiiides followed our ship: some of them
sogriMt tint thiir wiui;< beinu; npciicl Iroin one point to the other, contained seucn snaniics,
as llie .\| Miners «a\<l. A m iriicllou, iliin.; lo «ee how (Jod prouided, so that in so wide a sea
these fo^vles are all Tit, and notliin,' wanlelh iliem. The I'ortu^jals hauc named them all
nri-ordinn (■> so'U.- |)ro|iriel\ wiiiih thiv haiie: some they rail Kushiailes, berause their tailes
lie not jir. porli iialii,- I > I nii- I) uli,'-., but liiin and oinall like a rii-ii, some forked tailes be-
cause tlie\ b • xcrv br 'ad and forked, soiiie Veluet sleeiics, because they hauc yvinjfs of the
colour of \clii''t, a id b wc ihcm as a man bmveth lii^ elbow. This bird is alwayes welcome,
for he appeirith iiecre^l the Cape I slimild luiier make an end if I should tell all parti-
culars: bill It sliail siifl'tce brii'llv to touili a IVw, which yet shall be sullicient, if you ni;irkc
them, I'l iiie oK-i-ion lo Jorilie alninht (rid in his wonderliill works, and such variety in
his crealiirc<. .\nd lo s])'.- ike somewhat of lislics in all places of c.ilme, e-pecially in the
biiriiiii;; /one, ncerc tlie line ( for willionl ue neiier >aw any ) lliere wailed on our siiip fishes '''.'''"j\,\f
as loiij; ,is .1 man, wliiih thev c.dl Tuberones, iliey i oine lo e.it siicli iliin;;s as from the »hii>pe \iun.
fall into llie sc i, not refii'.inir men tlitinseliiei if ihey li<;lit ypoii tlieni. And if thev finde
aiiv meat lied in tlie se.i, they take il for theirs. 'I'liese liauc waiting; on them six or seiien
small (i'hes ( wliir'i neiier depart) willi gaides blew and ureciie round about llieir bodies,
like C'lmrlv »eriiiiu\ mrn : and lliev ^o two or ilirce belorc him, and some on eucry side.
Moreouer, the, haue <ilher (is'ies which cleaiic .ihv:i\(s yiilo their body, .tiid seeine to take
such •.uperlliiiiies as f;r(n\ about llieit, and ihcN ari- sayd to enter inio their bodies also to
purjje them if iliev need. The Mariners in lime past bane ea;en of them, but since they
haue scene them eaie men their stomacks abhorre them. Neuerlhclesse, tiiey draw them vp
yvitli nfeat li'ioks, 8c kill of them as manv as tliey can, thinking tiiat thev h.iiie made a j;real
rrueiiije. There i-. anoilier kind of (isb as bi^ne almost as a herrinj;. which hath wiiij^s and
Hielh, and tlie\ are loijciiicr in '.;re.il number fiiese liaiie two enemies, the one in the sc:i,
llie oilier in the aire. In the sea the (i-h which is called Albocore, as bij; as a Salmon, I'ol-
loweih them with great •<wiriiiesse to take them. This poore lisli not being ;il)le swim fast,
for he hath no linnc., bnl swimmeth with iiinoiiing of his taile, shutting his wings, iiftcth
liini'>ilfe ;dione liie water, ind (liclli not very hie: the Albocore seeing llial, although he haue
no wings, \ei lie giiicth a ure.il leape out of the water, :ind sometimes calchelh him, or els
lie kcepeth hiiiiscll'e vmlcr the water going that way on as fast as he (lieth. ,\nd when the
tisli being weary of tin- ,Tir«', or thinking liiniselfe out of danger, returiieth into the water,
the Albocore meeteih with him : but soinelimes lii^ other enemy the sea-crow, calclieth him
hel'iire he falleili W'ltU llie-c and like sights, Imt alwavcs making our supplic.iiions in (;od Nmi.
lor good wrallier .iiid »:ilii,iiioii of the ship, we came at leiiglli \nto the poiil, so famous i\;
feared of all men : lull we h uiid there no le:ii])est, only gre.it wanes, where our Tilot wa.s
a iillle oiierseeiie : for whereas commonly al other iiencr come within sight of land, but see-
ing signes inliiiirv, and linding bottomc, go their way sure and sale, he thinking hiniselleto
haue yviiule at will, shot so nigh the laiiil that the wiiule inrning into the Soinh, and the
waiicH being exceeding great, rolled vs so neire the land, t!ial the sjiip stnod in Jcsse then H
ladoin- of wafer, no nmre then sixe miles from the Cape, yvliich is callecl Das .\gulias, aiid there
wesiiicid as vitcrK c.isi aw.,y : IV. r viider \s wi re rocks of niaine stone .osh.irpe, and culling,
that no ancre could hold the ship, the shore so i-nill, that nothing cmild t:ike l.iiul, and the land
ilsclfe so full of Tigers, and people that are >auage, and killers ol all strangers, that we had no

hope

...til

rvl

iSi

VOYAGES, NAUIGATION.S.

The riches of Pi-gu.

[iU

kli

'v*

Conli.

hope of life nor comfortj but oncly in God and a ^ood conscience. Nolwith<itnnding, nf'ter we
had lost ancres, hoising vpthc sailcs for to<;et the ship a coast iiv some safer place, or wlicn it
should please God, it pleased his mercy suddenly, where no man looked for heipe, to till our
sailes with wind from the land, & so wecicaped, thanks be toGtxI. And the day following, beiiiir
in the place where they are alwayes wont to catch lish, we also fell a fishing, and so many tlicy
tooke, that they scrued all the ship for that day, and part of the next. And one of them pulled \ p
a corall of great bignesse and price. For tliere they say (as we saw by experience) th.ii tin,-
corals doe grow in the maner of stalks vpon the rocks in the bottome, and waxe hard ami red.
The day of pcrill was the nine and twentieth of hily. And you shall vndersiaiid tiiai.
TwowjyrtSf- ihc Cape pa-sed, there be two wayes to India : one within the lie of S.Laurence, whi<li
fkllxiht'iir" tliey take willingly, because they refresh themselues at .Mosambique a fortnight or a nioiui;),
not without great need, and thence in a monet!) more land in CJoa. The other is witli.nt
the He of S. b.iwreiue, which tliey take when thev set foortli so late, and come so late to the
point, that ihcv haiie no time to take the foresayd Mosambiijue, and then they goehvaijilv,
because in this way they take no port. And by reason of the long nauigation, and waiii o|
lortl and water, they fall into sundry diseases, their gummes waxe great, and swell, and iluv
arc faille to cut them away, their legges swell and all the body becommeth sore, and so lic-
luimmcd, that thev cannot stirre hand nor foot, and so thev die for weakiies>e, others fall intu
(luxes and agues, and die thereby. And this way it was our chance to make : yet thougii wv
had more then one hundred and filly sicke, there died not past seucn and tweniie ; wliich
li)>-.e thev esteemed not much in rc>pect of otiier times. Though some of ours were diseas-
ed in this sort, yet, thanks be to CJod, I had inv health all the way, contrary to the expeet.i-
linnofmanv: GckI send me my health so well in the land. If it may be to his honour and
seruicc. This way is full of priiiy rockes and (juickesands, so that sometimes we durst lun
saile by night, but bv the prouidcnce of (!od we saw nothing, nor ncuer found bottome vniill
we came to the coast of India. Wiicn we had ))a>.sed aj.aine the line, and were come to liie
third degree or somewhat more, we saw crabs swimming on the water that were red as though
they had bene sodden : but this was no sij;ne of land. Alter, about the eleucnth degree, the
space of maiiv daves, more then ten thou.sanil litlies by csiiinaiion followed round about our
ship, whereof we caught so many, that for fifleene dayes we did eate nothing els, and tliey
serued our turiie \ery well : for at tliis time we h.id neiiher meat nor almost any thing cU to
eate, our iiauigation growing so long that it drew neere to seucn inoneths, whereas comnnnily
Thfy commiiy they goc it in (iue, I meane when thev saile the inner wav. lint lh<se lislies were not signe
itinioGo'l'nj of land, but rather of deepe sea. At length we tooke a couple ol Hiids which were a ki.'ulc
oionciiu. of Hawks, whereof they ioyed much, thinking that they hatl bene of India, l. t indeed they

were of Arabia, as we founil afterward. And we that thought wc had bene neere bulij,
were in the same latitude neere Zocotoro, an He in the mouth of tlie Hed sea. l?ut there
God .sent vs great wii5ds from the Northeast or Northnorlhejst, wherexpoii viiwillingi) tnev
bare \p toward tlv: Kasi, and thus we went tcnne da\cs without seeing sigiie of land, where-
by they perceiued their errour : for they had directed their course before alwayes Niirihe;M,
coucting to multiply dei;rces of latitude, but partly the ditl'erence of the Needle, ami n.nsi
Runnirnfrai of all the niiiiiing seas, whicli at that time ran Northwest, had dr.iwcn \s to this other danger.
'"'"'■'"'"""'■ had not God sent vs this winde, which at length waxed larger, and restored \s to our ri,iii
course. These running seas be so pcrillous that they dcceiuc the mo.-t part of the goiirr-
noiirs, and some be so little curicnis, contenting themselues with ordinary experience, lh;it
thev care not to seekeoutanv ine.uies to know when they swarue, neiiher by the compare,
nor by anv other triall. The first signe of land were certaine lowles which they knew to he
of India: the second, boughesof |>almes and sedges ; the tiiird, snakes swimming on the w.iler.
and a substance which they call bv the nam<- of a (dine of monev, as bri .id and as round .i>
a groat, woondcrfully printed and stamped of nature, like \niosome coiiie. Aiul these two
jninf last signes be so certaine, that the ne.\t vl.iy after, if tiie winde seme, they see land, wliiJi
we did to our great joy, wiien all our water (for \ou know they make no bccrc in those

parts)

Cfruinc

The riches of Pi-j^u.

twithstniitling. alter we

safer plate, or when it
i-d lor helpe, to lill our
theihiy 'oUowiiip.lieiiis
hinj;, ;uul so many they
il one I'l' them pulled \|)
|)V experience ) th.ii tiit

and waxe hard and red.
I shall vnderslaiid that.

of S. La^renic, which

a fortnight or a nioiuiii,

The other '» without

and eome so late to the
id then they goe hvauiiy,

nauij;:>tion. and want ol
.real, and swell, and tlu y
ommeth sore, and so W-
^•caknessc, others fall nitd
Mo make: yet th<.u<;li ^*i'
uen and twentic ; whali
some of ours were dlsta^-

conirary to the expecLi-
lav be to his honour and
at" sometimes we durst noi

iuuerf"iii"llj"'"""»"^"""
ine, and were eome to tiie
icr that were red as though
U iho ele.ienth degree, the
, C.llowed round about our
eate nothing eU, and thiy
nor almost any thing el. to
nneihs, wlure as eomnK.nly
th< sc lishes were not sii^m'
.f liirds whiih were a ki:uU-
,e of India, u. I inJfi-il ''"y
we had bene lu-ere liulu.
,f the Ued sea. But ih.rc
herexpon viiwillingly '"ty
eeingsi-iieofland. wlien-

c- before alwayes N<Ttlio;i>t.
, e of the Needle, ami imM
wen vsto this other daiij;rr,
nid restored vs to our ri,iu
he mo-t part of the goiur-
hordinars experience, tiiai
. neither ly the eomi)-i"i'.
wles wliiih they knew to l.c
,,ke> swimming on the w.ilir.
cv as br. ad and as ruuiul a,
oin'e coine. And these iwo
p.rue, thev see land. whi>h
,ev make no bccrc m ilioso
part:')

The riches of Pegu.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

58ti

parts) and victuals began fo failc v». And to Goa we came the foure and twentieth day ofTiwy«triu«Jtt

October, there being receiued with passing great charity. The people be tawny, but not ^oob""*''

disfigtired in their lips iV noses, as the Moorcs and Cafrcs oF Ethiopia. They that be not of

reputation, or at le.ist the most part, goe naked, sauing an apron of a span long, and as

much in breadth before them, and a lace two lingers broad before them, girded about with a

string and no more : and thus they thinkc them as well as we with all our trimming. Of

the fruits and trees that be here I cannot now spcake, for I should make another letter as long

as this. For hitherto I haue not seene a tree here whose like I hauc scene in Europe, the

vine excepted, which neuerfhelesse here is to no purpose, so that all the wines arc brought

out of I'orfugall. The drinkc of this countrey is good water, or wine of the Palme tree, or

of a fruit called Cocos. And this shall suflicc for this time. If God send me my health,

1 shall hauc opportunity to write to you once againe. Now the length of my letter com-

pellelh me to take my leaue, and thus I wish your most prosperous health. From Goa the

tenth of Nouembcr, \bl9.

Your louing sonne Thomas

Stcuens.

A bricfe relation of the great magniliccnce and rich trafiike of the kingdome of Pe-
gu bevond the liast India, written by Frcy Peter of Lisbon, to his cousin Frey
Diego of Lisbon, from Cochin.

T Keceiued vour letters in the harbour of Damaon by a caraiiell of aduise that came from
Malacca, which brought shot, powder, and other j)rouision for the furnishing of foure gallies
and a great Gallion, which are now in building, to kcepe our coast for fcarc of great store of
men of warre, being Moorcs, which trouble >» \erv sore. At that instant when 1 recciucd Tbt coast of in-
vour letters I was newly come from the kingdume of Pegu, where 1 had remained one yccre tw ",111'' "°''"
and an halfe, and from thence I departed to the city of (N)thin in October 1587. The newes Mooki.
which I can certilie yon of concerning these countreys are: that this king of Pegu is the
mightiest king of men, cS: the richest that is in these parts of the world : for he bringeth
into the (ield at any lime, when he hath warres with other pri.ices, .iboue a million of (ight-
ingnicn: howbeit they be very leanc and small people, and are brought vnfo the field without
goo«l order, lie is lord of the Elephants, and of all the golde and siluer mines, and of all the Abundmctof
jjearles and precious stones : so that he hath the greatest store of treasure that euer was heard '"'''f ' ''j^"'e.
of in these parts. The countrey people call him the God of tructh and of iustice. I had great ciomiioneim
conference with this king, and with the head captainc of the Portugals, which is one of the ^''""
countrey. They demanded of me many questions as touching the law and faith of lesus
Christ, and as touching the Ten Commandcments. And the king gaue his consent that our
Order should build a Church in his countrey, which w.is halfe builded ; but our peruerse and
malicious Portugals plucked it downe againe : for whereas it is a countrey wherein our nation
gaine very much by their commodities, they fearing that by the building of this Church there
would be greater resort thither, and so their trade should be impaired, if their great gaines The sreatnint
should be knowen vnto others then those which found this countrey out first, therefore they y[pi' „'"'""'''''
were so vnwilling that the building of this church should goe forwanl. Our Portugals which
are here in this realme arc woorse people then the Gentiles. I preached diners times among
those heathen people ; but being obstinate they say, that as their fathers beleeucd so they
will bclceue: for if their forefathers went to the diuell so they will. Wherevpon I returned
backe againe to our monastery to certilie our Father prouinciall of the estate of this New
fcnnul fountrev. It is the best and richest countrey in all this East India; and it is thought P't" ti"^ i»« *
to be richer then China. iuaiuhc tJM

I am afrayd th.it the warres which his Maiestic hath with England will be the vtter vndoing ''"'''•
and spoile of Spaine : for these countreys likewise arc almost spoiled with ciuill warres, which
the Moores hauc against the Gentiles : for the kings here arc vp in armcs all the countrey

VOL. II. 4 F otter.

■m^

li i

I ■

w 1 K, i Ji'

58«

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Iam» Lancaster.

Here IS an Indian which is counted a prophet, which hath prophesied that there will

Aprepheiitof Olier,

» ikl''"'^''''''" Dragon arise in a strange countrcy, which will do great hurt to Spaine.
"""^ out onely God doth know. And thus I rest : from this monastery of Cochin the 28 of De

How it will fall

ccmber, 1589.

Your good cousin and assured friend
frier Peter of Lisbon.

A Yoya;!C with three tall shipx, the Penelope Admirall, the Marchant royall Vicead-
mirall, and the Edward Bonaduenlurc Kercadmirall, to the Eatit Indies, by the
Cape of Buona .Speransa, to Quitan^one ncere Mosambique, to the lies of
Comoro and Zanzibar on the backeside of Africa, and beyond. Cape Comori in
India, to the lies of Nicubar and of Gomes Polo within two leagues of Sumatra,
to (he Hands of Pulo Pinaom, and thence to the maine land of Mabcca, bc-
^unne by M. George Raymond, in the yccre 1591, and performed by M. lames
Lancaster, and written from the moutli of Edmund Barker of Ipswich, his lieu-
tenant in the sayd voyage, by M. Uichard Ilakluyt.

OVr fleet of the three tall ships abouenamed departed from Piimmouth the 10 of Aprill
1591, and arriued at the Canarie-i lands the 25 of the same, fro whence we departed
the 29 of April. The second of May we were in the height of Cape Blanco. The
fift we passed the tropique of Caiuer. The eight we were in ihe height of Cape
Verde. All this time we went with a faire windc at Northeast, alwaycs before the
winde vntill the 13 of the same moneth, when we came within 8 degrees of the
Equinoctiall line, where we met with a contrary windc. Here wc lay oil" and on
in the sea vntill the sixt of lune, on which day we passed the sayd line. While we lay tluis
off and on, we tooke a Portugal Carauel laden by marchants of Lisbon for Brasile, in whiiii
Caraiiel wc had some 60 tunnes of wine, I'iOU iarrcs of oyle, about 100 iarrcs of oliuci',
certaine barrels of cipcrs three fats of peason, with diners other necessaries fit for our
voyage: which wine, oyle, oliues and capers were better to vs then gold. Wc had two men
died before wee passed the line, and diueis sicke, which tooke their sicknesse in thoic
hotc climates: for they be wondcrfull vnholesonie from 8 degrees of Northerly latitude vnio
Ti"« w'^'if^ the line, at that time of the yecre: for wc had nothing but Ternados, with such thunder,
lightning, and raine, that wc could not keep (>ur men drie 'i hoiires together, which wav an
occasion of the infection among them, and their eating of salt victuals, with lacke o; clothn
to shift them. After we passed the line, we had the wind sti^l at Eastsoutheast, which caritd
vs along the coast of Brasil 100 leagues from the maine, til we came in 2(> degrees to the
SouthwanI of the line, where the wind came vp to the North, at which time we did account,
that the Cape of Buona esperansa did beare oll'vs East and by South, betwixt 900 and KXX^
leagues. Passing this gulfe from the coatt of Brasil vnto the Cape we had the wind often
variable .is it is vpon our coasts but for tlic most part so, that we might lie our course. The
28 of luly wc had sight of the foresayd Cape of Buona c^pcraiLsa: vntill the 3\ wee l.-iy ofT
and on with the wind contrary to double the Cape, huping to double it, & so to hatie gone
seuentie icigues further to a place called Agoaila de S. Bnis, bi!fL:re wc would haue hought to
haue put into any harbour. But our men being weake and sickc in all our shippt-s, we
thought good to sceke some place to refresh them. With which consent we bare vp with the
land to the Northward of the Cape, and going along the shoare, we espied a gooilly Baie wiiii
an Hand lying to .Seawards of it, into which we did bearc, and found it very commodioiH
for our ships to ride in. This Baie is called Agoada de Saldanha, lying 15 leagues North-
ward on the hither side of the Cape. The lir^t of .August being .S;inday we came to .in
anker in the Baie, :ending our me on land, and there came vnto them certaine blacke .Sal-
uages very brutish which would not stay, but retired from them. For the space of la or '20
dayes we could find no reliefc but uncly foulca which wee killed with our pieces, which

wet<

of iKkAct accic
^, liicliBC.

A^tiiitSii-

M. lames Lancasttr.

rophesied that there will
ipaine. How it will fall
f Cochin the 28 of De.

\d assured friend
>r Liihon.

chaiU royall Viccad-
East Indies, by the
^ue, to the lies of
ind. Cape Comori in
leagues of Sumatra,
»nd of Malacca, be-
formcd by M. lames
of Ipswich, his lieu-

immouth the 10 of Aprill
fro wlience we departed
t of ("ape Blanco. The

in the height of Cape
least, alwaycu before the
,vithin 8 ilegrecu of the
pre wc lay ofV and on
I line. While we lay tluis
isbon for Brasile, in which
about 100 iarres* of oliiic*,
ler necessaries tit for our
en gold. We had two nuu
: their sicknewc in those

of Northerly latitude vnio
■nadoM, with such «hundcr,
cs together, which wai :iii
luals, with lacke o( clothes
Kivstsoiitheast, which caritd
came in 'iCi deprecs to ihc
ivhich time wc did account,

ih, betwixt 900 and KJOU
ipc we had the wind often

might lie our course. The
vntiU the J I wee lay off
uble it, 6i so to hauc »<mt
re wc would haue ^oughl to
icke in all our shippt"*, we

oiisent we bare %p with the

e CNpied a goodly Baic wiih

found it very commodious
M. lying 15 leagues Nortli-

nfi S;inday we came to an
them ccrlainc blacke Sal-
For the spec of 15 or '20

led with our pieces, which

M. lames Lancaster. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEftlE^. 587

were cranes and geese : there was no fish but muskles and other shel-fish, which we >;athered
on the rockcs. After 15 or 20 daycs being here, our Admiral! went with his pinnasse vnto
the Hand which ficth oflT this Bale, where hee found great store of Penguines & Scales, omt>tsre>r
whereof he brought good plenty with him. And twise after that we sent certain of our s,',"*||"" ""'
men, which at both fiihes brought their bots lading vnto onr ships. After we had bene here
some time, we got here a Negro, whom we compelled to march into the conntrey with vs,
making signs to bring vs some cattel; but at this time wc could come to the sight of none,
so wc let the Negro goe with some trifles. Within 8 daycs after, he with 30 or 40 other Ne-
groes, lirought vs downe some 40 bullocks and oxen, with as many sheepe: at which time Buiiockf, o«;,
we brought but few of thg. But within 8 dayes after they came downe with as many more, 5^^^"',;;
& then we bought some 2i oxen with as many sheepe. We bought an oxe for two kniues,
a stirke for a knife, and a sheepe for a knife,' and some we bought for lesse value then a
knife. The oxen be very large and well fleshed, but not fat. The sheepe are very big and
very good meat, they haue no woll on their backs but hairc, and haue great tailes like the
sheepe in Syria. There be diners sorts of wild bcests, as the Antilope, (whereof M. Lan-
caster killed one of the bignes of a yong colt) the red & fallow Deere, with other great
beasts vnknowcJi vnto vs. Here are also great store of oucr-growen monkeis. As touching
our proceeding vpon our voyage, it was thought good rather to proceed with two ships wel
manned, then with three euill manned: for here wee had of sound and whole men but 198,
of which there went in the Penelope with the Admiral 101, and in the Edward with the wor-
shipfiill M. captaine Lancaster 97. Wc left behind 50 men with the Roiall marchant, where-
of there were many prelily well rccouered, of which ship was ma.ster and gouernour Abraham
Kendal, which for man v reasons we thoji^ht good to send home. The disease that hath consumed
our men hath bene the skuruie. Our souldicrs which hauc not bene vscd to the Sea, haue
best held out, but our mariners dropt away, which (in my iudgemcnt) procecdeth of their
euill diet at home.

Sixe dayes after our sending backe for England of the Marchant Roial! from Agoada de
Saldaiiha, our Admirall M. captaine Raimond in the Penelope, and M. lames Lancaster in
the Edward Bonaduenturc, set forward to double the Gjpe of Buona esperansa, which they cipe de Buom
did verv sperdiiv. Rut being passed as far as Cape dos Corr'cntes, the 14 of Septcber we ^p"*"" <•<>''-
were encountrcd witli a mighty sforme and extreeme gusts of wind, wherein we lost our cape dot Corn-
Generals coinpanie, and could ncuer heare of him nor his ship any more, though we did our"' ■ .
best ondeuour to sceko him vp .".ud downe a long while, and staled for him certainc dayes at Kuned riom the
the Hand of Comoro, where wc appointed to stay one for another. Foure dayes after this vncom- P"''"!*'
fortablc scpcr.ilion in the morniuj; toward ten of the clockc we h.id a terrible clap of thunder,
which slew fouro of our men oulright, their necks being wrung in sonder witho.-t speaking Fome men
anv word, and of 94 men there was not one vntouched, whereof some were striken blind, j',*''"*,'^,^^*^,^
others were bruised in their legs it armcs, and others in their brests, so that they voided
blood two dayes after, others were drawcn out at length as though they had bene racked.
But (Ciod be thanked) they all recouered sauing onely the foure which were .slainc out right.
Also with the same thunder our mainc maste was tome very grieuously from the head to the
decke, and some of the spikes that were ten inches into the timber, were melted with the
extreme heate theereof. From thence wee shaped our course to the Northeast, and not long
after we fell vpon the Northwest end of the mighty Hand of S. Laurence: which one of our Tfce shonUs of
men espied by Gods good blessing late in the eucning by Moone light, who seeing afarrc ''' '""'""•
off" the breaking of the Sea, and cilling to certaine of his lellowes, asked them what it was:
which eft soones told him that it was the breaking of the Sea vpon the Shoulds. Whereupon
in very good time we cast about to auoyd the danger which we were like to hauc incurred.
Thus passing on forward, it was our luckc to ouer-shoote Mozambique, and to fall with a
place called Quitangone two le.igues to the Northward of it, and wc tooke three or foure Qu''«sone
Barkes of Moores, which Barkes in their language they call Pangaias, l.iden with Millio, il"u^
heniies, and ducks, with one PortU!>all boy, going for the prouision of Mozambique. With-
in few dayes following we c;Hne to an Hand an hundred leagues to the Northeast of Mozam-

4 F U bique

^■■Mli

■iM

' i M- '1

VV)

.M'

''4

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. lames Lancaster.

'*/f ''i;

^ 1 nil

'H *■■'"'

^ >.■

r:J

,Pi'lr ''fill' ^

The He or Co-
muo.

^i of our mrn

hftlairj It the
He uf Ci>moro.

Ziiiibit I'ai.J.

A Portu|>lI
Fartiirif in
Z«QxiLar.

The irfiion of
thr l*or{u(all
towjrdt the

Ei>tluh.

An firfllpnt
plicr fu[ refreih-

A |iUic Ffi|atc.

Anothrr thun-

^r-cUp.

bique called Comoro, which we found exceeding full of people, which arc Moorea of tawnie
colour and good stature, but they be very trccherous and diligently lo be t ike n heed of.
Here wee desired to store our selucj with water, whereof we >tood in great need, and sent
sixtecne of our men well armed on shore in our boate: \vhom the people sufT'red (piietly to
land and water, and diuen of them with their king came aboord our ship in a gowiic of
crimosine Sattin pinked after the Moorish fashion downe to the knee, whom we entertained
in the best maner, and had some conference with him of the state of the place and marchan-
discs, vsing our Portugall boy which we had taken before for our interpreter, and in the ciiu
licensed the king and his company to depart, and sent our men againc for more water, who
then also dispatched their busincsse, & returned quietly: the third time likewise we scut
them for more, which also returned without any harme. And though we thought our srluis
furni>ihcd, yet our master William Mace of HadcliflTe pretending thai it might be long before
we should finde any good watering place, would needes goc himsclfe on shore with thirlie
men, much against the will of our captaine, and hec and l(i of his com|)any, together with
one boat which was all that we had, and l(i others that were a washing oucr-against our
sliip, were betrayed of the perfidious Moores, and in our sight for the most part slainc, we
being not able for want of a boat to vecid them any succour. From thence with hcauie hearts
we shaped our course for Zanzibar the 7 of Nouembcr, where shortly after wee arriued and
made vs a new boat of such boards as wc had within boord, and rid in the road vntill the 15
of February, where, during our aboail, we sawe diners I*angaias or boates, which are pinned
with wooden pinnes, and sowed together with Palmito cordcs, and calked with the huskes uf
Cocos shels beaten, whereof they mike Occam. At length a Portugal Pangaia comming out
of the harborow of Zanzibar, where thcv haue a small Factorie, sent a Caiioa with a Moore
which had bene christened, who brought \s a letter wherein they dc>irtd to know what wee
were, and what we sought. We sent them woril we were Iingli>hmcn come from Don An.
tonio vpon busincsse to his friends in the Indies: with which answcre they rcturncil, anil
would not any more come at vs. Whereupon not long alter wee manned out our boat and (ookc
a Pangaia of the .Moores, which had a prios-t of theirs in it, which in their language they call
a Sheriff: whom we vsed very coiirteou-Iy : which the king tooke in \cry goiul pan, hauin;; his
priests in great csiimaiion, and for his deliiieraiue furnishcil vs with two moneths victu.iN,
during all which time we detained him with \s. These Moores infonncd vs of the false and
spitcfull dealing of the Porlugals towards \s, which nuidc them bcleeue that we were criull
people and men-eaters, and willed them if they loued their safetie in no case to come neere
vs. Which they did onely to cut vs oil' from all knowledge of the stale and traflfHiuc ol the
counlrey. While we road from the end of Nouembcr \iitil the middle of February in this
harborough, which is sunicient for a shi|) of .'■»t)0 tuns to ride in, we set %pon a Portugill
Pangaia with our boat, but because it was very litle, & our men not able lo stirre in it, \se
were not able to take the savd Pangaia, which was armed with 10 good shot like our lonj;
fouling pieces. This place for the i^oodnessc of the harborough and watering, and plenlifiiil re-
freshing with fish, whereof we lookc great store with our nets, and for sundry sorts of (riiits
of the counlrey, as Cocos and others, w hich were brought vs by the .Moores, as also for o\cn
and hcnnes, is carefully to be sought for hy sirch of our shi|H, as shall hereafter passe that
way. But our men had lued to lake good heed of the Porlugals: for while we lay here the
Porlugnll Admiral of the coa-t from .Nfeliiule to Mozambi(|ue, came to view and to betray our
boat if he could haue taken at any lime aduantage, in a gallic Frigate often timncs with H or 9
oares on a side. Of the strength of which F'rigate and their irecherous meaning we were
aduertised by an Arabian Moore which came from the king of Zanzibar diners limes vnto vs
about the d'jliuerie of the priest aforcsayd, and afterward by another which we caried theiue
along with vs : for wheresoeucr we came, (>ur care was to gel into our hands some one or
two of the countreys to learne the languages and states of those partes where we tout!u<l.
Moreouer, here againe we had another clap of thunder which did shake our foretn.ast \crv
much, which wee fisht and repaired with timber from the shore, whereof there is good store
thereabout of a kind of tree« some furtic foot high, which is a (cd and tough wood, and as I

suppo-t,

W.li

M. lames Lancaster.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

689

suppose, a kind of Cedar. Here our Surgeon Arnold negligently catching a great heate in Htai in the htad
his head being on land with the master to seeke oxen, fell sicke and shortly died, which J"'J}j|', ^|^„j
might haue bene cured by letting of blood before it had bin sctled. Before our departure vtty maisaiy.
we liad ill this place some thousand weight of pitch, or rather a kind of gray and white
gumme like vnto frankincense, as clammie as turpentine, which in melting groweth as blacke
as pitch, and is very brittle of it selfe, but we mingled it with oile, whereof wee had 300
iarrcs in the prize which we tooke to the Northward of the Equinoctiall, not farrc from Gui-
nie, bound for Brasil. Sixe dayes before wee departed hence, the Cape marchant of the
Factoric wrote a letter vnto our capitaine in the way of friendship, as he pretended, re-
questing a iarrc of wine, and a iarre of oyle, and two or three pounds of gunpouder, which
letter hec sent by a Negro his man, and Moore in a Canoa : we sent him his dcmaunds by
the Moore, but tooke the Negro along with vs because we vnderstood he hiid bene in the East
Indies and knew somewhat of the Countrey. By this Negro we were aduertised of a small
Barke of some thirtie tunncs (which the Moores call a lunco) which was come from Goa thi- AivmcuUd--.
ther laden with Pepper for the Factorie and seruice of that kingdome. Thus hauing trimmed j,'',''/'*''"" ' ^
our sliippe as we lay in this road, in the end we set forward for the coast of the East India,
the I,") of February aforesayd, intending if we could to haue reached to Cape Comori, which
is the headland or Promontorie of the maine of Malauar, and there to haue lien off and on
for such ships as should haue passed from Zeilan, Sant Tome, Bengala, Pegu, Malacca, the
Moluccos, the coast of China, and the He of lapan, which ships are of exceeding wealth
and riches. But in our cour^e wc were very much deceiued by the currents that set into The cumnti
the guile of the Red sea along the coast of Melindc. And the windes shortening vpon vs to «-'°""N<"=''-
the Northeast and Easterly, kept vs that we could not get off, and so with the putting in of
the currents from the Westward, set vs in further vnto the Northward within fourescore leagues
of the lie of Zorotora, farre from our determined course and expectation. But here we Zocoiora.
neuor wanted abundance of Dolphins, Bonitos and flying fishes. Now while we found our
selucs thus farre to the Northward, and the time being so farre spent, we determined to goe
for the Rod sea, or for the Hand of Zocotora, both to refresh our selues, and also for some
purchase. But while wee were in this consultation, the winde very luckily came about to
the Northwest and c.iried vs directly toward Cape Comori. Before we should haue doubled
this C;ipe, we were determined to touch at the Hands of Mamalc, of which we had aduer- ''^'" "" °f
tiscment, that one had victuals, standing in the Northerly latitude of twelue degrees. How-'
beit it was not our good lucke to linde it, which fell out partly by the obstiuacie of our
master : for the day before we fell with part of the Hands the wind came about to the South-
west, and then shilling our course we missed it. So the wind increasing Southerly, we feared
wc should not haue bene aI)lo to haue doubled the Cape, which would haue greatly hazarded
our casting away vpon the coast of India, the Winter season and Westerne Monsons already
being come in, whicii Monsons continue on that coast vntil August. Neuerthcles it pleased
(Jod to biinu; the wind more Westerly, & so in the monelh of May ISOti. wc happily doubled
Cape Comori without sight of the coast of India. From hence thus hauing doubled this douM,^°,™'i.
(,'ape, we directed our course for the Hands of Nicubar, which lie North and South with the The iir. of]
Westerne part of Siunatra, and in the latitude of 7 degrees to the Northward of the Equi- '*''"'"'■
noctiall. From which ("a|>e of Comori vnto the aforesayd Hands we ranne in sixe dayes with
a very large wind though the weather were foule with extreme raine and gustes of windes.
These Hands were missed through our masters deiault for want of due obseruation of the South
starre. And we fell to the Southward of them within the sight of the Hands of Gomes Polo, T^e iw of
which lie hard vpon the great Hand of Sumatra the first of lune, and at the Northeast side '^''"" ' "^'^
of them we lay two or three dayes becalmed, h(>ping to haue had a Pilote from Sumatra, Sumatra.
within two liagucs whereof wee lay ofl" and on. Now the Winter comming vpon vs with
much contagious weather, we directed our course from hence with the Hands of Puh) Pinaou, Theiifof
(wlu'rc by the way is to be noted that Pulo in the Malaian tongue signilieth an Hand) at
which Hands wee arriued about the beginning of lune, where we came to an anker in a very
jjood harborough betwccnc three Hands : at which time our men were very sicke and manv

fallen.

Vnlu i'lDaou.

\\ ^'k I

•*fckfj

M>'A

% i

II ]ii

'if'

;;?

li 111 ; '

ftW

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. lamet Lancanttr.

TrrtiCl foi
rauici.

A¥.iljcci.

Thrrf ships of
I'r^j \iini with
fci'ptr.
Mi/tibam.

Pfr..

l'..o64ml>iUm.

;.Liliiiuk'u.

A ihipof S.

fallen. Here wc determined to stay vntill the Winter were ouer]|>-iAt. This place in in 6 de-
grees and a halfc to the Northward, and some fiue leagues from t.ie miine betweene Malacca
and Pegu. Here wc ccmtinucd vntill the end of Augufit. Our refreshing in this place wao
very smal, oncly of oisiers growing on rocks, great wilks, and some few fish which we tonkp
with our hookcs. Here wc landed our sicke men on these vninhabited Hands for their health,
neucrihclesse 20 of them diet! in this place, whereof lohn Hall our master was one, and m'
Kainold Golding another, a marchant of great honestie and much discretion. In thc'.c Hands
arc abiuidance of trees of white wood, so right and tall, that a man may make mastcs of ihcni
being an hundred foote long. The winter passed and hauing watered our ship and fitted hn
to goe to Sea, wee hnd left vs but ^ men and one boy, of which not past 22 were sninKl
for labour and heipe, and of ihcm not past a third ]>art sailers : thence we made sailc to scekc
some place of refreshing, and went wier to the mainc of Malacca. The next day we fani(
to an anker in a Baie in six fodomes water some two leagues from the shore. Then mnsici
lames Lancaster our captainc, and M. Edmund Barker his lieutenant, and other of the roni-
panie manning the boat, went on shoare to see what inhabitants might be found. And com.
ming on land we found the tracking of some barefooted people which were departed thence
not long before : for we sawe iheir lire still burning, but people we sawe none, nor any other
liuing creature, saue a certaine kind of fotiie called oxe birds, which are a gray kind of Sr.i-
loulc, like a Suite in colour, but not in beake. Of these we killed some eight dozen with
haile-shot being very tame, and spending the day in search, returned toward ninht ubonril.
The next day about two of the clocke in the afternoone wc espied a Canoa which tame necro
vntn vs, but would not come aboord v<<, hauing in it some sixteen naked Indians, with whnin
neuerthcles going afterward on land, we had friendly roiiferenre and promise of virtiiaK,
The next day in the morning we espied three ships, being all of burthen 60 or 70 tunnc^,
one of which wee made to strike with our very boatc : and vnderstanding that thev were o)
the towne of Martabam, which is the chicfe hauen towne for the great citic of I'egii, ami
the goods belonging to certaine Portugal lesuites and a Biscuit baker a Portugail we tixiko
that ship & did not force the other two, becau.ic they were laden for inarchants of IV;;ii,
but hauing this one at our command, wc came together to an anker. The night (oiowInK •iH
the men except fwelue, which we tooke into our ship, being most of them borne in l*( u'li,
fled away in their boate, leaning their ship and goods with vs. The next day we weiglird
our anker and went to the Leeward of an Hand hard by, and tookc in her lading being pcppi-r,
which shee and the other two had laden at Pera, which is a place on the maine ',M leagues to
the South, liesides the aforesaid three ships, we tooke another ship of Pegu laden with
pepper, and percciiiing her to lx;c laden with inarchants goods of Pegu onelv, wee dismissfd
her without touching any thing.

Thus hauing stuied here 10 daios and discharged her goods into the EdwanI, which w.ns almut
the beginning of September, our sicke men being somewhat refreshed and lustie, with such
relicfe as we had found in this ship, we weighed anker, determinitig to runnr int«) the sireii;hts
of Malacca to the Hands r alle<l Piiio Santbilam, which are some hue and forfie leagues North-
ward of the ciiic of Malaica, to which Hands the Portugal* must needs come from (ica or.S.
Thome, for the .Matucos, China, and lapaii. And when wee were there arriued, wc lav too
and agaync for such shipping as should come that way. Thus hauing spent some line davcs,
\ \-Kin a Sunday we espied a s;iilc which was a Portugail ship that came from Negapatan a towne
on the maine of India ouer-against the Northeast part of the He of Zeilan ; and that ninlii
we tooke her being of 250 tunnes : she was laden with Hicc for Malacca. C'aptaine Lan-
caster commanded their captainc and master aboord our shippe, and sent Kdmund Harker his
lieutenant and seuen' more to keepe this priicc, who being aboon'. the same, came to an anker
in thirtie fadoines water: for in that chancll three or foure leagues from the shore von shall
(inde i;ood ankorage. Being thus at an anker and keeping out a light for the lidward, anollur
PiTtunall ship of Sant Thome of foure hundred tunncs, came and ankered iiard bv vs. The
Ldward being put to Leeward for lacke of heIpe of men to handle her sailes, was not able
the next morning to fetch her vp, vntii we which were in the prize with our buate, went to

licl|,

Af, lanut Lancaster.

M. lames Laneaater. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

heipe to man our shippe. Then comming aboortl we went toward the shippe of Sant Thome,
but our ship was so foule that tihec escaped vs. After we had taken out of our Portugal]
prize what wc thought good, we turned her and all her men away except a Pilot and foure
Mooreti. Wc continued here vntill the sixt of October, at which time we met with the ship ThecaiMnof
of the captainc of Malacca of seuen hundred tunnes which came from Goa : we shot at her f^^l"'"' '"*
many sliot, and at last shooting her maine-yard through, she came to an anker and yeclded.
We cominaunded her Captaine, Master, Pilot and Punier to come aboor'l vs. But the Cap-
tiiine accompanied with one souldier oneiy came, and after ceri-'.ie conference with him,
he made excuse to fetch the Master and Purser, which he ayd would not come vnlcsee
he went for them : but being gotten from vs in the edge of thj euening, he with all the peo.
pie which were to the number of about three hundred men, women and children, gote a
shore with two great boates and quite abandoned the ship. At our comming aboord we found
in her sixieenc pieces of brasse, and three hundred buts of Canarie wine, and Nipar wine,
which is made of the paline trees, and raisin wine which is also very strong : .is also all kind
of Haberdasher wares, ashati, red cajw knit of Spanish wooll, worsted stockings knit, shooes, y,„,^(„ „
vcluets, taffataes, chamlets, and silkes, abundance of suckets, rice, Venice glasses, certaine <j'yj""';t>i
)>apcrs full of false and counterfeit stones which an Italian brought from Venice to deceiue ^"" " '"
the rude Indians withall, abundance of playing cardes, two or three packs of French paper.
Whatsoeucr became of the treasure which vsually is brought in roials of plate in this gallion,
we could not lind it. Alter that the mariners had disordredly pilled this rich shippe, the Cap-
taine because they would not follow his commandement to vn lade those excellent wines into
the Edward, abandoned her tt let her driue at Sea, taking out of her the choisest things
that she had. And doubting the forces of Malaca, wc departed thence to a Bale in the king-
dom of lunsalaom, which is bctwcenc Malacca and Pegu eight degrees to the Northward, to Thckinstdocn
seckc for pitch to trimmc our ^4hip. Here we sent our souldier, which the captaine of the "f ''""•^''»-
aforesaid galioii had left behind him with vs, because he had the Malaian langu.ige, to deale
with the [icople for pitch, which bee did faithfully, and procured vssome two or three quin-
tals with promise of more, and cert.iine of the people came vnto vtt. We sent commodities
to their king to barter ftr Atnbcr-griese, and for the homes of Abath, whereof the king onely Amtxr mtu.
hath the tralfique in liis hands. Now -this Abath is a beast which hath one borne onely in her ^^J^Jj"'"" °'
forcheajl, and is thought to be the female Vnicorne, and ishigh'y esteemed of all the Moores Thcfc'makVni-
ill those pans a-i a most soueraigne rcmedie against poyson. VVe had onely two or three of "'"'•
these homes which are of the colour of a browne gray, and some rcisonablc quantitie of
Amber griese. At Ixsi i!i ; king went about to betray our Portugall with our marchandise :
hut he to {^et aboord v.<, told him that wc had gilt armour, shirtes of maile and halberd.s, s„„, ,„,i|
which tilings they greatly desire: for hope whereof he let him returne aboord, and so he quicuiiic he™,
escaped the danger. Thus we left this coast and went backe againe in sight of Sumatra, and °i ,"",,kalJ,c "
thence to the Hands of Nicubar, where wc arriued and found them inhabited with Moores, thoie kingi.
and after wee came to an anker, the people tlailv came aboord vs in their Canoas, with ^heYu^fNt!
hennas, Cocos, plantans and other fruits: and within two dayes they brought vnto vs roiais cubir, which
( r plate, giuing vs them lor Calicut cloth : which roiais they finde by diuing for them in the "yMMt'el
Sea, which were lost not long before in two Portugall ships which were bound for China and
were rant away there. They call in their language the Coco Cilambe, the Plantane Pison, a
Hen lara, a Fish kran, a Hog Bnbce. From thence we returned tlie 21 of Nouember togoe Thfyretume
for the Hand of Zcilan, and arriued there about the thinl of December l.'>93. and ankered !j?"«>'"J-
vpon the Suuthside in sixe fadomes water, where we lost our anker, the place being rockic z<\Ud"'"'
and foule ground. Then we ranne along the Southwest part of the sayd Hand, to a place
(ailed Punta del Cialle, where wc ankered, determining there to hauc remained vntill the
comming of the Hengala Fleet of seuen or eight ships, and the Fleete of Pegu of two or three
siiles, and the Portugall shippes of Tanaseri being a great Baie to the Southward of Marta- Timscri imh-
liam in the kingdom of Siam : which ships, by diuers intelligences which we had, were to jl"^^'"'" "'
come that way within fotireteene dayes to bring commodities to scrue the Caraks, which
f ummunly depart from Cochin fur Portugall by the midde>it uf lanuarie. The commodities

■ \,

■0

Jir' '^' Jilt

/ i'

^.i

• I i

rWw

:w<

592

ComifiAditlei
of Bcngili.

Cnmniodltiri
of I'rfu
Ct<minodiliri
ul 1 jnatcii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Af. lames Lancasiei

A grr.it cur-
mit to t)K*
Siitittiuiii).

A tiiijMt if-
tirtc i>t fiihci
Ukri).

Bi'i dr A^03.

'They (ioii^ilr
tjif C.ii** uf
12jot)i .Spctiiiu

S. Hclrr.a.

lohii Srcat jii
ti-.pl.ihni*,i
Ifh 18 tf. 'rictlil
fe!i>i)r in tilr
i\r t uiua
hicirnd

A n t jc.linii

trriiK- Iclirnr
•xtirine ioy.

I he Jrtctiptio
'jt ilif cOTumix

lilliti nftht lie

of the shipper which come from Bcngala bcc fine pauillions for bcd.«, wrought quilts, fine
Calicut rioth, Pii»taclo§ and other fine workes, and Hice, and they make this voiagc twine in
the yccrc. Tiiose of Pegu brinj? the cl\icfcst monc*, ai Rubies and Diamants, but their rhicfc
fraight is Kice and ccrtaine cloth. Those of Tanaseri arc chiefly fraighted with Hire and
Nipar wine, which i* very Htrong, and in colour like vnto rockc water nomewhat whitish, and
very hotf in taste like vnto Aqua vitap. Heing shot vp to the place aforcsayd, railed I'lmta
del Galle, wee came to an anker in foulc ground and lost the same, and lay all that niglit a
drift, because we had nowc but two ankers left v», which were vnstockcd and ni hold. Where-
upon our men tooke occasion to conic home, our Caplaine at that time lying very sicke mdre
like to die then to Hue. In the morning wee set our foresaile determining to lie vp to t1\i>
Northward and there to keepe our selues to and a^ainc out of the current, which otherui.c
would haue set v.t oil' to the Southward from all knowen land. Thus hauingsetour foresaylc,
and in hand to set all our other savlcs to accomplish our aforcsayd determination, our men
made answcrc that they would take their direct course for England and would stay there nn
Itinijer. Nowe .seeing they could not bee perswaded by any meanes possible, the captainp
\»a.s constrained to jjiue his consent to rcturne, leaning all hope of so great possibilities, 'riui-,
the eight of December laU'i. wee set savie for the Cape of Huona .Speransa, pa.ssing Iiy ilu-
Ilandsof Maldiua, and leauing the mightie Hand of S. Liurencc on the starreboord or Ntirili-
wanl in the latitude of 2(» degrees to the .South. In our passage ouer from .S. Laurence tt,
the maine we had exceeding great store of Ronitos and .Mbocores, which are a greater kind
of fish : of which our ca|)tain, being now recouered of his sicknesse, tooke with an hooko .s
many in two or three bowers as would serue fortie persons a whole da; . And this skule nf
lish rontinued willi our ship for the space of (iue or sixe weekes, all which while we lockc
to the quantilie aforcsayd, which was no small refreshing to \s. In February l."»5>.'{. we Icll
with the I'lastermiist land of Africa at a place called Baia de Agoa some 100 leagues to the
Northeast f>f the Cape of Good Hope : and linding the winds contrary, we s|)eni a mont ili
or fnie weekes before we could double the Cape. After wee had doubled it in March foltm-
ing, wee directed our course for the Hand of Santa ilclcna, and arriued there the third il.i\
of Aprill, where wee staled to our great comfort iiineteenc dayes : in which tncane sp.i(f
some one man of n s tooke ihirtic goiwllv Congers in one da\ , and other rockie lishe ami
some Hunitos. .After our arriuall at Santa Helena, I K<lmund Barker went on shore with
foiire or (iue IVguins or men of Pegu which we had taken, and our Snrgicm, where in an
h"u*e by llic Chappell I I'dund an Engli-<hman one lohn Segar of Burie in SuUiilke, who \\,h
left there eightcene nioneths before by Abraham Kendall, who put in there with the lliij.ill
marchanf, and left him there to refresh him on the Hand, being otherwise like to haue pe-
rished on shipboord : and at our comming wee found him as fresh in colour and in as j;iirKl
plight of body to our so«ning as might be, but crazed in miiide and halfe out of his uiis,
as alicrward wee peneiued : f'lir whether he were put in fright of vs, not knowing at (ir«t
what we were, whether friends or foes, or of sudden ioy when he understood we were his
olde consorts and countreynicn, hec became idle-headed, and for eight dayes space ncithcr
night nor day tooke any naturall rest, and so at length died for lacke of slcepe. Hcru two
of our men, whereof the one was diseased with the skuruie, and the other had bene nine
nioneths sicke of the (luxe, in short lime while they were (in the Hand, recouered their
perfect health. We found in this place great store of very holesome and excellent giuKl
greenc (igs, orengcs, and lemons very faire, abundance of goates and hogs, and great |)!enlip
of parlriges, (iuiniecocks, and other wildc foules. Our mariners somewhat discontenicd
being now watered and hauing some proiiision of tish, contrary to the will of the (apiiaiiie,
woulii strai;;ht home. The capitaine because he was <lesir .is to goe forPhernambur in lir.i-ii,
granted tli -ir re(|ue-.f And about the 12 of Aprill l.>i).'i. wc dej)arled from S. Helena, atui
dir(( lid our couple for the place afore>iayd. The next day our capitaine calling vpon the
sailer'* to (inish a fore aile which they had in hard, some of them answered that vnle-se they
might giic direc tly hunie, they would lay their hands to nothing ; whereupon he was cnti-
strained to I'olow tliiir humour. And from ihencc-foorth wc directed our course for our

couniiiy,

■■'^

M. lames Lanrnsler.

M. Jamen Lancaster.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

r»9S

rountrcy, which we kept vntill wc came 8 dcn;rces to the Northward of the Equinortiall, be-
Iwecnc which 8 <Iei;rces and the line, wc spent some nixe wcekes, with tnany ralmc and
conir.iry winds at North, and soinetimes to the Kaftward, & sometimcM to the VVestward :
which losse of lime and expense of our victuals, whfrcof wc had very snial store, made vs
doubt to koepe our course and some of our men j^rowinj; into a mutinic thrcatncd to brcakc
vp other mens chests, to tlie oucrthrow of our victuals and all our sckies, for ciiery man
ha<l his share of his victuals before in his owne custody, that they might be sure what to
tru>^t to, and husband it more thriftily. Our rapilaine scckinj; to ])reucnt this mischiefe,
lieiu;; aduertiscd by one of our companic which had bene at the lie of Trinidada in M.
Chldleis v()ya<;e, that there we should be sure to haiic refreshing, hereupon directed his
course to that Hand, and not knowinj; the currents, we were put past it in the nij;ht into the
gulfe of I'aria in the bejiinninj^ of lune, wherein wc were 8 daycs, fmding the current Th^ suiffof
continually setting in, and ofientinies we were in \i fadomcs water, and could find no going jVi'n'rJl,^"'
out \ntil the current had put \s ouer to the Wcsternsidc vnder the maine land, where we rufJ
found no current at all, and more deep water ; and so keeping by the shore, the wind off '^*"^"°"'
the shore euery nij;ht did lielpc vs out to the Northward Ueing cleare, within foure or
line daves alter we lell with the lie of Mona where wc ankcred and rode some cighfeene Thf iitof
dayes. In which lime the Indians of Mona gauc vs some refreshing. And in the meane '
spuce there iirriued a French shi|) of ("ane in which was capilaine one Mtmsicnr de Barbaterre,
of whom wee bou;;ht some two huts of wine and btead, and other victuals. Then wee wa-
tered and lined our shippe, and stopped a great leake which broke on vs as wc were beat-
ing out ol the guile of I'aria. And hauing thus made ready our ship to goc to ,Sea, we de-
lerniined lo roc directly for New-found-land. But before wee departed, there arose astorme
the windc licing North«'rly, which put vs from an anker and forced vs to the Southward of
S.uitd Domingo. Thi>* night we were in danger of shi|>wracke \pon an Hand called Sauonn, Thtiitof s«.
which is enuironed with (lats lying + or .'> miles olV: yet it pleased God to cleare vs of ;i-"h «".'.'.""""'
lliein, iV- so we directed our course Weslwanl along the Hand of Santo Domingo, and doubled
V,\\tc Tihcron, and p.issed through the old chanell bel»eene S. Domingo and Cuba for the Cii-tde Tibe-
cajje of Florida: And here we met againe with the French ship of Caen, whose Captaine '""'
( iiuld ^pa^c \s no more victuals, as he said, but onlv hides whuh he had taken b\ traflfikc
\ pon i'io>e Hands, wherewitii we were content and gauc him fir them ti> his good satisfaction.
After this, passinjr ihe Ca|)e of Florida, and cleere of the chanell of Bahama, we directed Throidthmti
our course for the bjnke of Newruuul-land. Thus running to the height of ,36 degrees, r'""*-
ami as I'.irrc to the Fast as the NIc of Bernuula the 17 of September linding the winds there
\cry variable, contrarie to our expectation and all mens writings, wc lay there a day or two
llie winde being northerly, and increasing continually more and more, itgrewe to be a storme
.111(1 a great Iretc of wind : which continued with vs S(mie 'i4 hourcs, with such extremitie,
as it caricd not onely our saylts away being furled, but also made much water in our shippe,
so that wee had sixc foolc water in holde, and hauing freed our ship tiicrcor with haling,
the wiiule sliiltcd to the Northvest and bcr.mie dullcrd . but presently \pon it il.e extremitie
of the slornie was such that with the labouring of our ship we lo>.i our foremaste, and our
-hip grewe as full of water as before. The storme onic ceased, and the winde contrarv to
goc our course, we fell to consultation which might be our best wav to sauc our lines. Our vic-
tuals now being viterly spent, iV hauing eaten liides (i or 7 dales, we thought it best to beare
l)a( k againe f r Donunica, iV the Islands adioyning, knowing that there wc might haucsome
reliefe, whereupon we turnctl backe for the said islands. But before we could get thither Th.yteiume
lilt- wirule scanted v|)on vs, which did greatly endangervs forlackeof fresh water and victuals; ij.''" '.",""
so th.it we were consirainetl to beare vp to the Westward to cerlainc other Ilandes called the
Nueblas <ir i loudie Hands, towards the He of S. luan dc porto Hico, where at ourarriuall we
found lan«l-crabs and fresh water, and tortoyses, which come most on lande about the full of
llic moone. Here hauing refreshed our seines some 17 or IS daves, and hauing gotten some
small store of victuals into our ship, we resolued to rcturne againe for Mona: vpon which
our dcterniiiiation tiuc of i ur men left vs, remaining still on the lies of Nueblas for all per- F'"' K"£|''''

,,,,,, 1 /■ ,. • men Itft on ihc

*"'•■ " -to swasions Nu.u«.

* H-

Mm A

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. lames Laneaiter.

Th< ihip loM by
4riuiii|tw<]r.

Onal finiliw.

Two ihipi of

Th» Ffwth tut
tkr inS. Uif

M- Lancinrr

rriurnrth to
Di«pc, and M) l«

nwuiona that v/e could vse to the contrary, which afterward came home in an Engliiih Mhippe.
From these lies we departed and arriued at Mona about the twentieth of Nouember 1593, and
there comming to an anker toward two or three of the clocke in the morning, the Captaine,
and Edmund Barker hi« Lieuetenant with some fev; others went on land to the houses of the
olde Indian and his three sonnes, thinking to hauc gotten some Toode, our victuals being all
spent, and we not able to proceede any further vntill we had obfeyned some new supply.
We spent two or three daies in seeking prouision to cary aboord to relicue the whole compa-
nie. And comming downe to go aboorti, the winde then being northerly and the sea some-
what growne, they could not come on shore with the boate, which was a thing of small suc-
cour and not able to rowe in any rough sea, whereupon we stayed vntill the next morning,
thinking to haue had lesse winde and safer passage. But in the night about tweluc of the
clocke our ship did driue away with Hue men and a boy nnely in it, our carpenter scrreily
cut their owne cable, leaning nineteene of vs on land without boatc or any thing, to our ^rrrat
discomfort. In the middest of these miseries reposing our trust in the goodnessc of God,
which many times before had succoured vs in our greatest extremities, we conlenled our
selues with our poore estate, and sought meanes to pro«erue our lines. And because one place
was not able to sustaine vs, we lookc our leaues one of another, diuiding our selues into se-
uerall companies. The greatest reliefe that we sixe which were with the Captaine could finde
for the space of nine and twentie dayes wan the stalkes of purselaine boyled in water, and
nowc and then a pompion, which wc found in the garden of the olde Indian, who vpon thi<i
our second arriuall with his three sonnes stole from vs, and kept himselfe continually aloft jn
the mountaines. After the ende of nine and twentie dayes we espied a French shippe, whicli
afterwarde we vnderstoo<l to be of Uiepe, called the Luisa, whose Captaine was one Monsirur
Felix, vnto whom wee made a fire, at sight whereof he tookc in his topsayles, bare in Kith
the land, and shewed vs his flagge, whereby we iudged him French : so comming alon^ lo
the Westeme ende of the Island there he ankcrcd, wc making downe with all speede vnin
him. At this time the Indian and his three sonnes came downe to our Captaine Master lame.
Lancaster and went along with liim lo the shippe. This night he went abo<)nl the Freiuh
man who gaue liim good eiitcriaincinent, and the next duy frtclied eleuen more of vs aboord
entreating vs ail very courteously. Tliis day came another French shijipe of the .same townr
of Diepc whicii remayncd there vntill night exporting our other scuen mens comming downr:
who, albeit we caused cerfaine pieces of ordinance to be .shot ofj'to call iheni, yet came ii"i
downe. Whereupon we departed thence, being deuided sixe into one ship, and sixe into
another, and leaning this Island departed for the Northside of Saint Domingo, where we re-
mained vntill Aprill following I41H, and spent some two moiielhes in traflike with the inh.v
bitanis by permi.ssion for hides and other marchandises of the Counlrey. In this meane
while there came a shippe of New-hauen to the place where we were, whereby we had intel-
ligence of our seuen men which wee left hehinde vs at the Isle of Mona : which was, that
two of them brake their neckes with vcntring to take foulcs vpon the cliires, other three wrrc
slaine by the Spaniards, which came from Saint Domingo, vpon knowledge giuen by our
men which went away in the Fxiward, the other two this man of New-hauen had with him in
his shippe, whicli escaped the Spaniards bloodie hands. From this place Captaine I^ancastcr
and his Lieutenant Ma.sterlvdmund Barker, shipped ihemselues in another shippe of Diepe, the
Captaine whereof was one lohn 1^ N'>e, which was readie first to come away, and leaning the
rest of their companie in other shi|)s, where they were well intreated, to come after him, on
Sunday the seuenth of Aprill lh\)i they set honiewarde, and disbocking through the Caijros
from thence arriued safely in Diepe v^ithin two and fortieda\es after, on the 19 of May, where
after two dayes we had stayed to refresh our selues, and giuen humble thankes vnto God, and
vnto our friendly neighbours, wetcoke passage for Hie and landed there on Friday the '^4 of
May 1594, hauing spent in this voyage three yeeres, sixe weekes and two dayes, which the
Porfugales performe in halfe the time, chielely because wee lost our (it time and season to set
foorth in the beginning of our voyage.

We vndentood in the East Indies by certaine Portugales which we tooke, that they haue

lately

M. latnta Laneaiter.

'. in an English Mhippe.
■NoueniberlB9.'J, and
lorning, the Captaine,
d to the houses of the
our victuals being all
led some new supply,
icue the whole coinpa-
crly and the sea some-
M a thing of small sue-
ntill the next morning,
ht about tweluc of the
our carpenter secretly
• any thing, to our groat
the goodnesse of God.
ties, we contented nur
. And because one place
iding our selues into se-
ihc Captaine could Rnde
le boyled in water, atid
)e Indian, who vpon this
i«elfe continually aloft in
i a French shippe, which
iptaine was one Monsieur
m topsayles. bare in with
h ; so comming along to
vnc with all spectle vnio
lur Captaine Master lamo
e went abooni the French
cleuen more of vs aboonl
shippe of the same towne
en mens comming downc ;
l„ call them, yet came not
lo one ship, and sixe into
M Domingo, where wc re-
's in traffike with the inhn-
:ountrey. In this mcanc
err, whereby wc had intr 1-
of Mona : which was, that
ihe I litres, other three were
, knowledge giuen by <mr
s'cw-hauen had with him ni
,s place Captaine I^ncastir
nothcr shippe of Dicpe. the
come away, and leaning the
atod, to come after hini. on
locking through the Catjc.w
ter. onthe 19 of May, where
nble thankes vnto God, and
<l there on Friday the '24 of
^ and two dayes. which the
iHffil time and season to set

h wc tooke, that they haiie
lately

M. Edw. Cation,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

lately discotiered the coast of China to the latitude of nine and fiftie degrees, Hnding the ie«
■till open to the Northward : gluing great hope of the Northeast or Northwest passage, Wit-
nesse Master lames Lancaster.

Cerlainc remembrances of an intended voyage to Brasill, and the Riuer of Plate,
by the Edward Cotton, a ship of 260 Tunnes of Master Edward Cotton of South-
hampton, which perished through extreme negligence ncare Rio Grande in Gui-
nie, the 17 of luly 1583.
ARticles of Coucnants agreed vpon betwcenc Edward Cotton Esquier, owner of the good
ship called the Edward Cotton of Southhampton, and of all the marchandizes in her laden, of
the one part, and William Huddic gentleman, Captaine of the said ship, lohn Hooper his
Lieutenant, lohn Foster Master, Hugh Smith Pilot for the whole voyage, and William Chees-
man marchant, on the other part.

1 TO obscrue and kecpc the dayly order of Common prayer aboord the ship, and the com-
panie to be called thereunto, at the least once in the day, to be pronounced openly.

2 Item, that they be ready with the Krst faire windr, to set sailc and sailes in the voyage,
and not to put into any port or harbour, but being forcibly constrained by weather, oj other
apparant and vrgcnt cause.

:i Item, that ihcy take in, at or .->bout the Isles of Cape Verde, to the quantitie of 25 or
SO tuns of salt, to be iinployed among other the ownern marchandize, at Santos, and S. Vin-
cent, to his onely behoofe, and the re.>l of the salt, so much as shall be needed for victuall,
and for sauing of the hides to be kept aboord. & the same salt to be prouided cither at the
tishermens hands iicerc the said Isles for truckc of commodities, or els to be taken in at the
aforesaid Isles, at the discretion of the abouenamed.

4 Item, vpon the due performance of this voiage, the owner bindeth himselfc by this
deedc. to yeeld vnto any such of the companir, as shall refuse their shares before they depart
from the coant of England, 20 inarkcs a single share, for the dutie of the whole voiage, making
not aboue 75. shares single in the whole.

5 Item, the company according as they be appointed by the oflicers of the said ship aboue
named, shall at all limes be most ready to doe their painfull indeuor, not onely aboord, but
in all labours at the land, according to the direction giuen by tlie aboue named officers, vpon
painc of forfeiture of their shares and wages, the same to be diuidcd amongst the com-
pany.

() Item, that the shares be taken at their returne out of al the trainc oile, and hides of the
scales, and of all other commodities gotten by their handle labour, and of the salt that shall
he vended and other commodities, at, or neere the coa.st of Brasill, to allow after 9 li. the
lunne freight, whereof one third to goe to the companie.

7 Item, that if any man shall practise by any deuise or deuises whatsoeucr, to alter the
voiage from the true purpose and intent of the owner, viz. to make their first port at Santos,
.ind Saint Vincent, and there lo reuictuall and traffike, and from thence to the riuer of Plate
to make their voyage by the Iraine, and hide of the scales, with such other commodities as
are there lo be had, according as the owner, with diuers that hauc gouemment in the said ship,
are bound to her highnessc by their decdcs obligatoric in great summes, that all such prac-
ti^ers. vpon due proofe made, shall loose their whole interlaincment due by shares or otherwise
for this sayde voyage to be adiudged by the Captaine, his Lieutenant, the Master, Pilot, and
marchant, or three of them at the lea.st, whereof the Captaine to be one.

8 Item, that the pinnesse be ready at al times to scruc the marchants turne vpon his
demand, to take in wares and commodities, and to cary and rccary to and from the shore,
when, and as oft as neede shall be, and to giiie due attendance at the. marchant and mar-
chants direction during the whole voyage.

9 Item, that no head or chiefe officer being set downe for such an officer vnder the hand
of the owner, at the going to sea of the said shippe, shall or may be displaced from his said

4 G 8 place

4 ''

t« i

'0!
i i' i]

Ti.;'«

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

M. Ethu. Cotton,

f.i'

ThclilxifS.
Sfbaitun.

phce or office, vrilhoui great cause, and hit mindcmrannr to be adhulffcd by the Capinine,
and Wi* Lieulrnant, ihc Master, the I'ilot, and the marchanl, or by the conu-n( or three
ofthrm at the leaHt.

10 Iieiii, that vpon the rcliirnc of the tihippe to the coaitl nr .'-'n^land, (he Mai<«ter and
Pilot put not into any port or harbour, to the Wentward of Southhampton, but forced hj
Mealhcr, or luch like vrgent iau«e.

William lluddie. lohn I'cwtpr.

Idhn Hooper. Williau) ('l)ceDm:iii.

Iluf;h Smith.

A dirertion a*" well for the Captainc, and other my frirmU of the shi|>, nn eiipc-
eialiy for William Cheetmaii Marchant, lor the MiyaKC to the riiier of ['late.

AT your romminjj to the I-^Ie of S.iini Srba«lian, vpon the coast of HraMill, you shall ar-
«<)nlin){ to your disrretioiDt, make Hale of »U( h commoditieH, an yon mav thinke will 1,^
tliereaijont well vented, and likeNsise to buy ronmiodities without making louRcr xtay ihrrc
then your vittuaU bi- prouiilini;, but rather to brxpeake commoditieH a^ainHl ymir rctiirno
from the ritier of I'lale, espec iaily of Amber, Su>;ar, (ireene pinner, Cotton wooll, and
liome ()iianiiiic of ilie peppcri of the coiinirev there. Al"" for I'aratt and Nfunkien, and ihr
bea-t < ailed Semibona. AIho you thall barrell vp of the beefe callcil I'dune, two or ihrci
barreN, and to lone no nmxl oporlunitie, to ;;alher .if the Indian fijfU**"' ami the
grainen of them to pre^enie <lrie, in mich quantitie an co'uieniently may be done : and
touihin^f the makinj; of the Iraine, and pre^eruiii^j of the hiden, I leaiie it wh(p||\ f,,
the order and the dincretion of the chicle of the companie. Ah«i that in any road where tlic
Hhi|) »hall ride vpcn the coast of Aini-rii a, triall be made with the «lraj»j{eH, for the pcarlr
OiHters, and the name bcinu taken, to be opened and nearched for pearle in the prenence < (
the Caplaine, bin Lieutenant, the Manier, the I'ilcil, and marchanl, or three of them, where-
of the Captaine or his Lieutenant to be one, and to reniaine in the cuHtcHlie of the Captainc
and iiiariliaiit, \iulcr two liukes, ciilicr of ihcin to haiie a key to liin owni' locke, and ih.ii
a true inueiiturie be (iejiiiereii alto to the Master and I'ilot of the naid pearle or other icud,
of price );olten in the said voiajfe, to the intent that no partie be defrauded of hU due, atiil
that no concealment be made of any such ihinj; vpon forfeiture, the jKirtie to lose his sh.in
and dutie for the voyage that nhall so joncealc and not reijcale it xnto the ofTuerM al). nr
named. Also to dne %iiur best indeuour to try for the best Ore (d'nolde. niliier, or other ruli
melials whatsoeuer. Forget not also to brini; the kernels and ^eeils of Htraiijje plants wii|,
you, the I'almilo with his fruit inclosed in him. S<Tue (iod, kee|)e !To<kI waich, and st.mj
alwaycs vpon your >;anle.

KdwanI Cotton.

These lhini;s beinj; thus ordere<l, and the ship of the burden of 2<k( tunne<), with S.'J nicn
of all sortes furnished, and fully appointed for llie \oNa);e, bej;an to set saile fr.im lliir-i
Castle vpon I'ridav the 2() of May, .\nno I'.tHJ, aiul the 17 «lay .if Inly ensuing fell wiili ihe
coast of Guinio, to take in fresh water, where, lhroii!;li meere dissnliite nej,;li>;ence, she
perished vpon a sand, with the most |)arl of the men in her, as appearelh bv the coiifcsiidii
of one that escape*!, the •.ubsiance and tenor whereof is this

The cnnfwsion of William Ik-iuls Masters .Mate in the Iklward Cotton, the 21 of

Ot tuber, .Ann. I.jHJ.

HE sayth, that the 17 day of luly, Anno l.")H.'{. hauinj; s<ime lackc of fresh water, ihcv
put roome vpon the ro.ist of (Juinie, where thev wt'n- set \pon a sand about 8 leai;ues fruui
the sill re, :mil lliis I'xaininale, wiih 'l\t more, i^ot into the pinne-»i', wlin aniiied in an Island,
bci 'g (Ic- date of people, aiul line niilis in compa-<se, wliere tiiev i\'>.t(il 18 davis llir<iiii;!i
force of weather, hauing noui^ht to eate but grassc. The rest of the coiupanv the ship bcin..;

vpliltcd

^ir ^''

M. Edvi. Coiion.

The arrttt In Spahie. THAFFIQUES, AND DIsroUERIES.

rdwani Collon.

,ard Cotton, llu- 21 of

iiplilted in two, nnd in qiinrtpiN, jjoi them into one of the nft<r (Quartern, and by ihr hripe

of niftri rainc nlito n NJiorc into anollicr Niand nciTc to Itio Cir.iiulc, where Ihey all died a<t l\c^»Oni>i:

•upjjoxoll).

TliP other .'10 in the pinncMHC, at lite end of IH d:i)<-<, diparivd that Niand, nnJ came to
S.iint DnininRo, wIu-p' coinntiiig on shore, they were take i\ ..(' ihe Moorc«t, Hi stripped
naked. Ami they l)iiried one f'oxe an olde man aline, notwith-i ndinu; liit pitiftill lamcnta-"«f"«"«i"'W
"ion and Hkrikinjit: the rest huiin;,' Wire and water allowol ilicm, lined there a rerlaineh",V,l',i'i'u',''hy
. iiie. This lAiininate was :\t last "-old to a I'ortiif.vili, with wli.ni he dwelt the spare of » ll',')'';^."',"'
nnart. r of a ycre, and in llie end, a I'urlnKall Caraiiel roinmin); thither, his master liided olilnJl ""
the same with Negroes, and he olnaincd leaiie of his master ii l;oc in the Hami- C'aru-
Ufll, iSi l)v that meanes arrined .:t l,i>l)oiie, and I'nim theme (ame m > ljij;land the \'i nf
Ortoher, \Mi, leaning' hehi'uli' him of his i umpanie aline, Kirhaixl Hacker, lohn Maker,
lohn Nfathew, and a boy, with two oiliers whiih were v;one hevond Saint Dominjjo: all
which, as he saith, were so NJcke and diseased, that he iudgcth them to he long before thi«
limi dead,

The escape of the Primrose a tall ship of London, from before the tnwne of Milbao
in Hiscav: wliici) ship the ('(.riii;id(ir of the same I'ronince, accompanied with
5)7 Spaniards, oll'rred violcnilv lo arrest, and was defeated of his piirj)oie, and
broMglit prisoner into Hiigland.

Whercnnio is added the Kin;;s Commission for a i;enerall imbarj^mcnt or nrrent
of all Knulish, Netherlandisii, and l^asterlingN ships, written in liarrclona the 19
of May I JH.».

IT is not vnknowen vnio the world what danjjer our Kiiglish shippes haiie lately escaped,
how Mharpelv they haiie heeiie inlriMtc<l, and hcwe hardiv they haiie beene a^sanlted: «o
that the valiancic vf those that inaniia„'ed iliein is worthy remembrance. And therefore in
respect of the coura;,'ioU' attempt and \alianl enierprise of the ship called the Primrose of
London, which hath obieine.l reno\>iie, I liaiii- t.iken in hande lo publish the triielh there-
of, to the intent that it may he jjeneralh kiinwen to the rest of the Kn<;li'*h ships, that bv tiie
j;o(mI example of this tiie rest ma. in time "f exlreniitie aduentiire to doe the like: to the
lumourof the Healme, and the perpetuall remembrance of thvimselties: The maner whereof
was as followeih.

VPon Wednesday bcinL' tiie si\c an I twentieth dav of Nfay L'jS,'), the shippe called the
Primrose beinj; of one hundred and (ifiie tiinnes, l\ inj; without the bay i>( Itilbao, hauinjr
bcene there two dayes, ilierr * ,\«ie a Spanish pinnesse to them, wherein was the Corrij;i(lor
and sixe others with bin the-e cune al)oord the Primrose, seeming to be Nfarchantes
(d' niicay, or such like> brinj^in". Cherries with them, and spake very friendly to the
Maister of the ship, who^-e nanu- \>as Foster, and he in courteous wise bad them wel-
come, making them ihe bi«i rheerc lh:'i he could with beere, beefe, and bisket, where-
with that ship was Ns(ll fiinii-lu'd; and while thev were thus in ban(|uetling with the
\Jaister, foiire of ihe seueii dcpirteil in the sayd Pinnesse, and went backe a^^aine to
Bilbao: the other three >tayed, and were verv pleasant for the time. lint .Master Fos-
ter inisduuhiiii , some tl i'i!;er -ii relly /»aue speech that he was doubtl'ull of the>e men
what their intent w.is; lu-urr'helcsse he sa\d nothing;, nor seemed in anv outward wise
lo mistrust them at .dl. I o rt iisith there came a ship-boate wherein were seuentie persona
bcin;; ^f,l^lIlants and suili like id' Biscay; and besides this boale, tiiere came also the
Pinne- , ulilch befnre li.id l)r(iu;.;Iit the olher three, in whi( h Pinnesse there came I'oiire and
tweniie, s t!ie SpiManU ;'\eMi«eUu's siiui- onf-s^ed. These made towards the Printrose,
and bcinn come ihilhi-r. ti.ere came .dn" ril the Corri;;idor with three or fourc of hist men:
bill Vaster Foster -e<'ii)^ ihis !;ri:it multitude desired that there inif^ht no more comeaboord,
hii; that tlie re-t shoidil sia\ in their boates, which was granted : neuerthelesse they tooke
Kinall hccde of these wordes ; for on a suddaine thev came foorth of the boate, enlring the

shippe,

.! .Hi

•i!'^

I"
14

598

voyages; NAUIGATIONS,

The arrttt in Spaine.

,f .

Tbf ConijKior
of Hiltuo taken
•nd brought
10 London.

shippe, euery Spaniarde taking him to his Rapier which they brought in the boate, with other
weapons, and a drumine wherewith to triumph oucr them. Thus did the Spaniards enter the
shippe, plunging in fiercely vpon them, some planting themselues vnder the decke, some
entring the Cabbiens, and a multitude attending their pray. Then the Corrigidor hauing an
officer with him which bare a white wand in his hand, sayd to the master of the ship : Yeeid
your selfe, for you are the kings prisoner : whereat the Maister sayd to his men, We arc be-
trayed. Then some of them set daggers to his breast, and seemed in furious manner a.s
though they would haue slaine him, meaning nothing Icsse then to doe any such an, lor all
that they sought was to bring him and his men safe aliue to shore. Whereat the Maister was
amazed, and his men greatly disromfilcd to .see themselues rcadie to be conueyed euen to
the slaughter: notwithstanding some of them respecting the daungcr of the Maister, ainl
seeing how with themselues there was no way but present death if they were once landed
among the Spaniards, they rcsolued themselues eyther to defend the Maister, and generally
to shunnc that daunger, or else to die and be buried in the niiddest of the sen, rather then
to suffer themselues to come into the tormentors hands: andthercfurc in very bold and manly
s(irl some tooke them to their iauelings, lances, bnrc-speares, and shot, which they had an
in readinesse before, and hauing (iue Calieuers rcadie charged, which was all the small shot
they had, those that were vnder the hatches or the grate did shootc vp at the Spaniards thnt
were ouer their heads, which shot so amazed the Spaniards on the suddaine, as they could
hardly tell which way to escape the daunger, fearing this their small shot to be of greater
number then it was: others in very manlike sort dealt about among them, shewing ihem.xehies
of that courage with bore-speares and lances, that they dismayed at euery .stroke two or three
Spaniards. Then some of them desired the Maister to commaund his men to cease and holde
their handes, but hee answered that such was the countge of the English N.ition in defence
of their owne lines, that they would slay them and him al>o : aiul therefore it lay not in him
to doe it. Now did their blood runne about the ship in great quanlitie, soaie of them bcin^
shot in bctweene the legges, the bullets issuing foorth at their brcastH, sunie cut in the head,
some thrust into the bodie, and nianv of them very sore wounded, .so that they came not so
fast in on the one side, but now they tumbled as last ouer boord on both sides with their
weapons in their handes, some falling into the sea, and some getting into their boates, makini;
haste towardes the Citie. And this is to be noted, thai although they tame very thicke thitlier,
there returned but a small companie of them, neither is it knowen as yet how manv of them
were slaine or drowned, onely one Engii.sh man was then slaine, whose name was lohn Tris-
tram, and sixe other hurt. It was great pitie to behold how the Spaniards lay swimming in
the sea, and were not able to saue their liues. Foure of them taking hold of the shippe were
for pities sake taken vp againe by Maister Foster and his men, not knowing what they were:
all the Spaniards bosomes were siuft with paper, to defend them from the shot, and tlieie
foure hauing some wounds were drcst by the <iurgioti of the shippe. One of them was the
Corrigidor himselfe, who is goucinour of a hundred Towncs and ('ities in S|)aine, his liiiini;
by his office being better then sixe hundred pound yerely. This skirmiiih happened in
the euening about sixe of the clocke, after they had laden twentic Tunne of goods and
belter out of the sayd ship : which goods were deliuercd by two of the same ship, whose
names were lohn Burrell, and lohn Brodbanke, who being on ihore were apprehended and
stayed.

After this valiant enterprise of eight and twentie English men against 97 Spaniardes, they
saw it was in vaine for them to stay and therefore set vp sayles, and by Gods pronidenrr
auoyded all danger, brought home the rest of fheir goods, and came thence with all ex-
pedition : and (God be thanked) arriued safely in England neere London on Wednesday
being the 8 day of lune 1585. In which their returne to England the Spaniards that they
brought with them offered liue hundred crowncs to be set on shore in any place: which,
seeing the Maister would not doe, they were content to be ruled by him and his companie,
and craued mercie at their hands. And after Master Foster deniaunded why they came in
such sort tci betray and destroy them, the Corrigidor answered, that it was not done onely of

then^-

The arreit in Spaine.

in the boate, with other
ihe Spaniards enter the
vnder the decke, some
lie Corrigidor hauing an
ster of the ship : Yeeld
to his men, Wc arc bc-
d in furious manner as
doe any such act, lur all
Whereat the Maister was
to be conueyed cuen to
ger of the Maister. aiul
they were once landed
e Maisicr, and generally
t of the sea, rather llicii
c in very bold and manly
shot, which they had sit
ich was all the small sliot
: vu at the Spaniards that
■ Kuddaine. as they could
nail shot to be of greater
ihcm, shewing themseliies
cucry stroke two or three
lis men to cease and hoKlc
Lnglish Nation in defence
therefore it lay ni)t in him
iiiitic, some of them bciPR
?asts, some cut in the head,
1, so that they came not so
Ion both sides with their
IT into their boates.makiiii;
:y came very ihicke thither,
II as vet how many of them
whose name was lohn Tris-
Spaniards lav swimming in
ing hold of the shippe were
it knowing what they were:
from the shot, and the>c
pc. One of them was the
Cities in Spaine, his liiiinR
This skirmish happened in
cntic Tnnno of goods and
,) of the same ship, whose
uirc were apprehended and

a.rainst 97 Spaniardes, they
""and by Gods prouidenre
1(1 came thence with all cx-
.rc London on Wednesday
nd the Spaniards that they
shore in any place: which,
J by him and his companie,
naunded why they came in
that it was not done oncly ot
then)-

The arrest in Spaine. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERrcS.

themseiues, but by the commandement of the king himselfe ; and calling for his hose which
were wet, did pluckc foorth the kings Commission, by which he was authorized to doe all that
he did : The Copie whereof followeth, being translated out of Spanish.

The Spanish kings commission for the generall imbargment or arrest of the En-
glish, &c.

LIcentiat de Escober, my Corigidor of my Signorie of Biskay, I haue caused a great fleete
to be put in readinesse in the hauen of Lisbone, and the riuer of Siuill. There is required
for the Souldiers, armour, victuals, and munition, that are to bee imployed in the same great
store of shipping of all sortes against the time of seniire, and to the end there may be choise
made of the best, vpon knowledge of their burden and goodnesse; I doe therefore require
you, that presently vpon the arriuall of this carrier, and with as much dissimulation as may
be (that the matter may not be knowen vntill it be put in execution) you take order for the
staying and arresting (with great foresight) of all the shipping that may be found vpon the
coast, and in the portes of the sayd Signorie, excepting none of Holand, Zeland, Easterland,
Germanie, England, and other Prouinces that are in rebellion against mee, sauing those of
France which being litle, and of small burden and weake, are thought vnfit to serue the
turne. And the stay being thus made, you shall haue a special! care that such marchandize
as the sayd shippes or hulkes haue brought, whether they be all or part vnladen, may bee
taken out, and that the armour, munition, tackels, sayles, and victuals may be safely bestow-
ed, as also that it may be well forcseene, that none of the shippes or men may escape away.
Which things being thus executed, you shall aduertise me by an expresse messenger, of
your proceeding therein : And send me a plaine and distinct declaration of the number of
ships that you shall haue so stayed in that coast and partes, whence euery one of them is,
which belong to my Rebels, what burthen & goods there are, and what number of men is
in euery of them, and what quantitie they haue of armour, ordinance, munition, victuals,
tacklings and other necessaries, to the end that vpon sight hereof, hauing made choise of
such as shall be fit for the sernice, we may further direct you what ye shall do. In the '
meane time you shall presently see this my commandement put in execution, and if there
come thither any more ships, you shall also cause them to be stayed and arrested after the
same onler, vsing therein such care and diligence, as may answere the trust that I repo.se
in you, wherein you shall doe me great seruice. Dated at Barcelona the 29 of May. 1585.

And thus haue you heard the trueth and manner thereof, wherein is to be noted the great
courage of the maister, and the louing hearts of the seniants to saue their maiite^rom the
daiinner of death : yea, and the care which the master had to saue so much of Wc owners
goods .IS hee might, although by the same the ^c eatest is his owne losse in that he may neuer
traui'll to those parts any more without the losse of his owne life, nor yet any of his ser-
iiantes : for if hereafter they should, being knowen they are like to taste of the sharpe tor-
ments which are there accustomed in their Holy-house. And as for their terming English
lihippes to be in rebellion against thcni, it is siithciently knowen by themselues, and their
owne consciences can not dcnie if, but that with lone, vnitie, and concord, our shippes haue
eiier beene fauourable viito them, and as willing to pleasure their King, as his subiectes any
way willing to pleasure English passengers.

The Letters patents or priuiledgcs granted by her Maiestie to certaine Noble men
and Marchants of London, for a trade to Barbaric, in the yeere |[)85.

r.Li/.abeth by the grace of («od Queene of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the
faith, Sic. to the Treasurer & Barons of our I>che([ucr, and to al Maiors, shirifs, constables,
1 iistomers, collectors of our customes and subsidies, controllers, searchers, and keepers of
our hauens and creekes, ports and passages, within this our realme of P.ngland and the do-
minions of the same, and lo nl our oflicers, ministers and subiccts, and to all other whoso-
euer to whom it shall or may ap|jcrtaine, and lo euery of them greeting. Whereas it is
m.ide euidcntly and apparanlly knowen vnto vs, that of late yccres our right trustie and right

welbeloued

599

n*.

t.;i'V>|J

' It I T)'r>»

600 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, A patent for Barhary.

^elbeloucd councellors, Ambrose Erie of Warwike, and Robert Eric of Leicester, and also
our lolling and naturall subiects Thomas Starkie of our citie of London Alderman, Icrard
Gore the elder, and all his sonnes, Thcimas G"re tlie eider, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alexander
Auenon, Kichard Staper, William lenninjjs, Arthur Dawbeney, William Sherington, Thomas
Bramlie, Anthony Garrard, Robert How, Henry Coltliirst, Edward Holmdcn, lohn Swinncrton,
Robert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, Niiluilas Stile„()liii('r Stile, William Bond, Hcnric Far-
rington, lohn Tedcastle, Walter Williams William Brune, lohn Suzan, lohn Newton, Tho-
mas Owen, Roger AJield, R >licrt Washborne, Rcinold Guy, Thomas Ilitchcocke, Cicurse
Lydiat, lohn Cartwright, Henry I'aiton, lohn Boldroe, Robert Bowyer, Anthonie Dasstll,
Augustine Lane, Robert Lion, and Thomas Dod, all of London, Marchants now trad'ng iniu
the Countrcy of Barbary, in the |)arts of Africa, vniler the gouernement of Muly Hammct
SheriflTe, Emijcrcr of Marocco, and king of Fcsse and Sus, hauc sustained great ar.d gricuous
losses, and arc like to suslaine greater if it should not be prcucnted : In tender cOsideration
whereof, and for that diners Marchandi/e of the same Countries arc very necessary ami
conuenient for the vse and defence of this inir Rcalme of England, and for diners other
causes vs specially mouing, minding the reliefo and bcncfite of our said subiects, and the
quiet traliquc and good gouernment to be had, and vsed among them in their said trade, of
our speciall grace, cerlaine knowledge, and nieere motion hauc giuen and granted, and bv
these presents for \ , our heires and successors, doc giue and grant vnto the saide Earlcs nl'
Warwike and Leiccsc 'r, Thomas Slarkic, lerard Gore the elder, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alex-
ander Auenon, Rich.ird Staper, William lennings, Arthur Dawbenie, William Shcringloii,
Thomas Bramlie, Anthonie Gerrard, Robert Howe, Henrv (^ollhirst, Fxlward llolmden, loiin
Svvinnerlon, Robert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, Nicholas .ilc, Oliuer Stile, William Bonil,
Henry Farrington, lohn TedcasiK-, Waller Williams, Wil'i.mi '"-une, lohn Suzan, li>hn New-
ton, Thomas Owen, Roger AfiUl, Robert Wasliborne, ) "-uie, 'flionias llitchcoikc,
CJeorne Lidiate, lohn Carlwrighl, Henrv I'avton, lohn i; Robert Bowyer, Anthony
Dassell, Augustine Lane, Robert Lion, and Thomas I)( <1, ■' . ,,icy -ind cutry of them by
themselues, or by their l.ulors or seriianis, and none i.llicr-, .sli;ill .uul may, for, and diirinj;
the space of Vi. \ccrc<, hauc and cnioy tlie wIkvIc rnedomc nnd libirlie in liie saide tratiijiic
or trade, vnto or from the said countrcy of ISarbary, or to I'r from any part thereof, fur tlic
biiving and selling of all maner of wares and m:ni hamli/i's wlialsoeuer, that now or accuiin-
inably herelofore hauc bene brought or transported, fro, or to the said ci.unlry of Barl):irv,
or fro or to any of the cities, lowncs, places, ports, niadcs, hnuens, harbors or creeks of inr
saiil country of Barbary, any law, statute, graunt, matter, cu>lumes or priiiilegt-s, to th,- cou-
trary in any wise notwith»taiiding.

And for the better establishing, ordering and goucrning of the said Fries of Warwike and
Leicester, Thomas Starkie, &c aboucsaid, their Ijk tors, seruants a;id a-sigius in tlic Iradr
aforesaid, we for vs, our heires .ind sm ccs^ors, doc b\ these |)rc-( nls gii!c and graunt lull h-
<ence to the saide Thomas Siarkie, Icrard (lore the «'lder, and the rc^t aiure-aidi', and 1 1
enery of them from lime to time, during the said tcrme of twcluc yeres, at their pleasin-cs
to assemble and meete together in any place or places conuenient within our i iiie of Loiulun,
or elsewhere, to consult of, and for the said trade, and with tl»e consent of the said FrK' ,if
Leicester, to make and establish good and necessarv orders and i rdinanc es, for, and tou'liin;;
the same, and al such orders and ordinances so made, to put in vre and execute, ami lluni
or any of them with the consent of the said Ivrle ol Leicester, to alter, chan:;e and innkc
voyde, and if need be, to make new, as at aiiv time iluring the saide lerme, thi \ or lh(;
most pirt of them then lining and trading, shall (iiide coiiiu nient.

Frouided alwayes, that the ordinances or anv of them bee not coiitrarv or rcpuginut tn
the lawes, statutes or customes of this our Kcalme v\' Lnglaiid. And to the intent th;il they
onely to whom the said libertie of tralicpie is graiuUe<i b) these our Letters patents, anil
none other our Subiects whatsoeuer, without their special consent and licence before had,
should during the said terine haiie trade or traliquc lor anv maner of Marchandi/.es, to, or
from the said counirey of Barbarv, or t>, or Iroiu any Cilic, towiie, place, port, harbor or

creekc

I,'

A pui^nt for Barhary.

c of Leicester, and also
iindon Alderman, Icrard
ie gentleman, Alexander
iam Sherington, Tlioiras
ilmden.lohn Swinncrton,
'illiam Bond, Henrie Far-
izan, lohn Newton, Tho-
mas llilchcockc, Cicorgi-
)\%ycr, Anthonie Dasstll,
arc'hants now trading into
lement ol' Mnly Haniuut
taincd great ai.d grieiious
d : In tender cOsideration
are very necessary and
iiid, and for diners other
Dur said subiect-*, and the
hem in their said trade, of
■ incn and granted, and by
lit vnio the saide Earlcs (4
hnr Atie gentleman. Aic\-
(cnie, William Siicringloii,
St. Inward llolmdcn, lolm
:)liucr Slilc, William Bonil,
i,c, lohn Suzan, I<>lm Ntw-
'•uic, Thouas Ilitchcoikc,
liMlxrt Bowvcr, Anthony
,,cy ...ml cucry of them by
11 Miul mav, lor, and diirinf;
lilKTtic in the ^-aidc tralimio
n any part thcTCol", lor tlic
(icucr, that now or acruMo-
ip s.iid K.nniry of Barhary,
hirbors <>r creeks ol' tin-
es i>r in-inilcgc-s, to tlu- con-

saiil I'rlc- ol" Warwlke a:ul

and a-Mf;iu's in the Ir.iilc

Ills ^iiic and i;rannt lull li-

lla- rc-t alirc-aidi-, and t >

111- vcrcs, at tluir plcasiinn

uithiii (iiir liiic ol 1/ ihImi,

roiistut of the -aid r.rlc uf

nlinaiK i-s, lor, and toii'hini;

vri> and e\c( iiti', and them

ailcr, chan:;e and inakc

he >aide trrinc, thi \ or iho

If.

„t contrary or repujinaut to
And to the intent th:il ties
,e onr Letters patents, and
•111 and licence before ha.l,
icr of Marchandi/.es, to, or
tnviic, place, port, liarlior or
crcckc

Patent for Barhary.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

fiOl

creeke within the said conntrey of Barbary, to, or out of our said Realmes and dominionsj
wee Joe by these preiients straightly charge, commaund, and prohibiie all and eucry our
Subiects whatsoeuer, other then only the said Erles of Warwlke and Leicester, Thomas Sta -
kie, and the rest abonesaid, and cuery of them by themselues, or by their Factors or ser-
uants during the saide terme, to trade or trafique, for or with any marchandize, to, or from
the saide C(nintrcy of Barbary, or to, or from zwy the dominions of the same, as they ten-
der our fauour, and will auoyde onr high displeasure, and vpon paine of imprisonment of
his and their bodies, at our will and plearure, and of forfeiting all the marchandizes, or the
full value thereof, wherewith they or any of them during the saide terme, shall trade or trafique
to or from the said conntrey of Barbary, or to, or from the dominions of the same, contrary
to this our priuilege and prohibition, vnlcsse it be by .nd with the cxpresse licence, consent,
and agreement of the saide Erles of Warwikc and Leicester, Thomas Starkie, lerard Gore the
elder, and all his sonnes, Thomas Gore the elder, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alexander Auenon,
Richard Straper, William lennings, Arthur Dawbnie, William Snerington, Thomas Bramlie,
Anthonie Gcrranl, Robert llowe, Henry Colthirst, Edward Holmden, lohn Swinnerton, Ro-
bert Walkaden, Simon Lawxence, Nicholas Stile, Oliuer Stile, William Bond, Henry Faring,
ton, lohn Tcdcasfle, Walter Williams, William Brunc, lohn Suzan, lohn Newton, Thomas
Owen, Roger AHeld, Robert Washborne, Rainold Guy, Thomas Hitchcock, Geo.-ge Lidiate,
&c. or by, and with the expressc licence and consent of the more part of them then lining
and fradliiir. first had and obtained, so alwayes, that the sayd Earle of Leicester be one, if
hee bee lining.

And we further for vs, onr heires and successors of our spcciall grace, meere motion and
certaine knowledge, do grnunt to the said Erics of Warwlke and Leicester, Thomas Starkie,
and the rest abouesaid, and to cuerv of them, that nothiufi shall be done, to be of force or
Naliditic touching the said trade or trafique, or the exercise thereof, without or against the
con.sent of the saide Kries, Thomas Starkie, (and the others before named) d^'ring the time
of tliese our Letters patents for Vi. yeeres as aforesaid.

And for that the said Erles, Thomas Starkie, &c. and cuery of them aforesaid .^hould not
be prcuented or interrupted in this their said trade, we do by these presents for vs, our heires
and .successours, straightly prohibite and forbid all maner of person or persons, as well
strangers of what nation or conntrey soeuer, as our owne Subiccts, other then onely the
said Tries, Thomas Starkie, &c. and cuery of them as aforesaid, that they nor any of them
from hencefoorth during the said terme of 12. yeeres, do or shall bring, or cause to be brought
into this our Kealine of England, or to any the dominions thereof, any m.-iner of marchandizes
whatsoeuer growing, or bcini; made within the said Conntrey of liarbary, or within any the
dominions thereof, vnlcs.se it be by and with th? I'rpncc, consent and agreement of the .said
Erles, Thomas Starkie, &c. or with the consent and licence of the more part of them then
lining, first had and obtained, so alwayes y the sayd Erie of Leicester (if hee be lining) be
one, vnder the paine that cuery one that shall offend or doe against this oin* present prohibi-
tion here last abone mentioned in these presents, shall forfcite and lose all and singular the
said marchandizes to be landed in any our realmes and dominions, cOtrary to the tenor and
true meaning of this our prohibition \n that behalle prouidcd : the one moitie of all and euery
which said forl'aitnres whatsoeuer mentioned or specified in these our present Letters patents,
shalbe to vs, our heires & successors : And the other moity of al and euery the said forfai-
tures, we doc by these presents of our certaine knowledge and meere motion, clearely and
wholy for vs, our heires and successors, giue and graunt vnto the stid Erles, Thomas Star-
kie, &c. And these onr Letters patents, vpon the oncIy sight thereof lut any further
warnint, shal bee sulVu lent authoritie to our Treasurer of England for e ;i,-i ; being, to our
Burons of the E\che(pier. and to all other onr ofliccrs that shall hau( e: ' n this behalfe>
to make full allowance vnto the said Erics, Thomas Starkie, &c. their dC|.uties or assignee
of the one nioiiie of all and singular the goods, marchandizes and things whatsoeuer men-
tioned in these our present Letters patents, to be forfaitcd at any time or times during the
••aid terme of twclue ycres: which said allowance we doe straightly charge and commaund

v«iL. II. 4 H from

■ '.,1

■ ■^•(l

1 1' 1

'li

.^._v

il 1'

' 1 ilv f

608

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Hen. Roberts.

from time to time to be made to the sayd Eries, Thomas Starkie, &c. and to euery of them
accordingly, without any mancr of delay or denial! of any of our officers whatsocuer, as they
tender our fauour and the furtherance of our good pleasure. And wee doe straightly charge
and commaund, and by these presents prohibitc all and singular Customers and Collectors
of our customes & subsidies, and comptrollers of the snme, of and within our Citie and port
of London, and all other portes, rreckcs, & places within this our Rcalme of England, and
euery of them, that they ne any of them take or percciiie, or cause, or suffer to be taken,
receiued, or perceiued for vs & in our name, or to our vse, or to J- vses of our hcircs ui-
successors of any person or personx, any sum or summes of money, or other things whatsn-
euer during the said terme of 12. jere.s, for, and in the name & Hew or place of ;iny cus.
tome, subsidy & other thing or duties to vs, our hciri's or successors due or to be due loi
the customes & subsidies of any in.irchandizes whatsocuer growing, being made or coniin}>
out of the said countrey of Barbary, or out of the dominions thereof, nor mako, cansi', nor
suder to be made any entrie into our or their books of customs & subsidies, nor make anv
agreement for the subsidies and customs, of, and for anv the sajil niarchants, sauing onclv
with, & in the name of the said Erics, Tiiomas Starkie, &c. or the most part of thi-ni, a*
they and euery if them will answerc at their vltermost perils to the contrary. And Cur the
better and more sure ol)seruation of this our graunt, wcc will, and grant for vs, our hcircs \-
successors by these presents, that the Treasurer & barons nl' our Exchequer for the time be-
ing, by force of this our graunt or enrolment thereof in the said court, at al & euery time
& times during the said terme of 12. yeres, at & vpon rrqui'«t made vnto them by the s.iid
Eries, Thomas Starkie, &c. or by the atturneis, factors, <lcpiilies oras-.ignes of thenl, or ilic
most part of them then liuing and trading, shall and mav m)ke ^Si direct vnder the scale (if
the said Exchequer, one or moe sulTicient writ or writs, clo-e or patents, vnto euery or any
of our said customers, collectors or cotrollers of our heires and sueeessors in all and euery,
or to any port or ports, creekc, hanen, or r>thcr places within this our realrne of England, .im
the said ErIes, Thomas Starkie, iScr. or anv the atturneis, factors, (le|)nties r)r assi^ncs of them
or the most part of tiicm tiien liuin;j and trailing, shall at any time require, eommaunding
and straightly charging tlicin and euerv of them, that they nor any of them at any time or
times during the said terme of 12. yeeres, make any enirie of any wares or marchandizes
whatsocuer, growing, being made or comming out or (rom the s.-jii| countrey of Barbarv, or
the dominions thereof, nor receiue or take any custome, subsidie or other entrie, or make
any agreement lor the same, other then with (,r in the name of the said ErIes, Thomas Star-
kie, Sic. liie factor or factors, deputies or assignes of them »;r the most part of them ilicn
liuing and trading, according to this our graunt, and the true meaning thereof, and accord-
ing to our saidc will and pleasure before in these presents declared. In witnes.se whcrcul
we haue caused these our Ix!ttcr» to be made patents. Witne.ssc our sclfe at Westminster the
l). day of luly in the 27. \eere of our reigne.

The .\ml)ass,igc of Master Henry Roberts, one of the sworne F.-iquires of her Nfaiesties
person, friim her highncsse to .Mully ILimet Empcrour of .Marocco aiul thf King
of Fe.s.se, and Sus, in the ycere I jSj : who remained there as I.igcr for the space
of y. yeeres. Written briefly by himselfe.

VPon an incorporation granted to the Company of Uarbary Marchants resident in London,
1 Henry Roberts one of her .Maicstie* sworne K.squires of her person, was appointed her lii^h-
nesse measenger, and Agent vnto the al'orcsaid Mully Hamet Emperor of Marocco, kin;.' ot
Fesse, and Sus. .Vnd alter 1 had receiued my Comiuission, instructions, and her Majesties
letters, I departed Irom Loiulon the 14. of August in the yeere lf>85. in a tall ship called the
A.scensinn, in the company of the Minion and Hopewell, and we all arriued in sal'etic at A/afi
a port of Barhary, the 14. of September ne.vt following. The Alcaide of the towne (beiiij
the kings officer there, and as it were Maior of the place ) receiued mee with ail humanitii-
and honour, according to the customc of the Countrey, lodgini; me in the chiefest house of
the towne, from whence I dispatched a messenger (which in their language they call a Trot-

tero)

-tf-- ■— ■

M. Hen. Roberta.

c. and to eiiery of them
Rcers whatsocuer, as they
vee doe straightly charge
histomers and Collectors
within our Citie and port
Rcalme of England, and
c, or suffer to be taken,
I ^- vses of our hcirc'* or
yr," or other lhinj;'< whntMi-
licw or place of any ciis.
isors due or to be iliio loi
<r, being made or coinin;;
"of, nor make, cause, nur
; subsidicH, nor make any
I ntarchaiit^, sauiiig oiu-ly
lie most part of tlicm, a-*
he contrary. And for iho
1 grant for vs, our hcin-s X
Exchequer for the time bc-

court, at al tSc cuery time
tadc vnto them by the *m\
nr as^ignes of them, or llu-
[ direct vndcr the sealo of
patents, vnto eucry or any
iuccpssort in all and eucry,
K.iir rcalme of England, at
icpuiics or asHis;ncs of them
imc require, commaunding
any of them at any time or
:mv wares or marchandizcf
aid countrey of Barbary, or
ic or other cntrie, or malic

lie said Erles, Thomas Siar-
tlic most part of them ilioii
caning thereof, and accord-

ared. In witnes.se whereof

our stlfe at Westminster the

".-iquires of her Maieslies

Marocco and thf King

|e as I.igcr for the space

archants resident in London,
■"nn, was appointed her hi;,;h-
mpcror of Marocco, kin!,'(it
structions, and her Maic^tics
f»8I). in a tall ship called the
all arriued in safetic at A/ali
Alcaide of the towne (beiim
iued mee with all humanilic
; me in the chiefest house of
cir language they call a Trot-
tcro)

M. Hen. Roberm.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

tcro) to adneriisc the Emperour of my arriuall: who immediatly gaue order, and sent certaine
souidiers for my guard and conduct, and horses for m v selfe, and mules for mine owne and my
companies carriages. Thus being accompanied wiili M. Richard Euans, Edward Saicot, and
other English Marchanis resident there in the Countrey, with ray traine of Moores and carri-
ai^cs, I came at length to the riuer of Tensist, which is wiihiii fourc miles of Marocco : and
tiicre by the vatcr side I pitched my tents \nder the Oliue trees : where I met with all the
English Marchanis by themselues, and the French and Flemish, and diners other Christians,
which attended mv comming. And after we had dined, & spent oui the heat of thi clny,
about f^ure of the clockc in the afternoone we all set forward toward the Citie of Marccco,
where \vf arriued the said day, being the 14. of September, and I was lodged by the Emptr-
ours app intmcMt in a faire house in the ludaria ( r lurie, which it the place where the lewes
haue tlicir abode, and is the fairest place, and (piietest lodging in all the Citie.

After I had reposed my scll'e 3. dayes, I had accesse to the kin<t-' presence, dcliuercd my mes-
sage I'.nd her Majesties letters, and was receined with all humanitie, and had fanourable audi-
ence iVdm time to time lor three yceres : dining which sj)ace 1 abode there in his Court, as
her Maiestii.s Agent and Li;;icr: and whcnsoeuer I had occasion of businesse I was admitted
either to his Maicstie himscHe, or to his vice Roy, whose name was Alcayde Brcme Saphiana,
a very wise and discreet person, and the chiefest about his Maiesiie. The particulcrs of my
sernice, for diucrs good and reasonable causes, I forbeare here to put downe in writing.

After li jue olilained, and an honourable reward bestowed by the Emperour vpon me, I de-
parted from ills Court at Marocco the 18. of Augnst UiHB. toward a garden of his, which is
called Shersbiinare, where he pi>.mi.ictl mee I should stay but one day for his letters : howbeit,
vpon some (.ecasinn I was stayed vntil the M. of September at the kings charges, with 40. or
5i), shot attending \ pon me fi r my guard and safetic.

From thence at length I was coiulucted with all things necessary to the port of Santa Cniz,
being si\c dayes iounicy from Marocco, and the place where our shipper Jo commonly take
in their lading, where I arriued the 21. of the same moneth. In this port I stayed 43. dayes,
ami at length the second of Nouembcr I embarqued my selfe, and one Marshok Reiz a Cap-
taine and a Gentleman, which the Emperour sent with mee vpon an Ambassage to her Ma-
icstie : and after much torment and foulc weather at Sea, yet N'ew-yeres day I came on land
ai S. lues in Cornwall, from whence passing by land both together vp towards London, we
were met without the Citie with the chiefest marchants of the Barbary Company, well
moiMited all on horscbacke, to the number of 40. or 50. horse, and so the Ambassadour and
iny selfe being both in Coche, entred the citie by torchlight, on Sunday at night the 12. of
lanuary l.')89.

Esie es vn traslado bien y fielmente sacado da vna carta real del Key Muley Hamet
de Fes y Emperador de Marruecos, cuyo tenor cs este, que Segue.

COn el nombre de Dios piadoso y misericordioso, kc. El sieruo de Dios soberano, cl
conquistador per sii causa, el succes-sor ensal<;ado por Dios, Emperador de los Moros, hijo
del Emperador de los Morns, lariffe, Haceni, el que perpetue su honra, v ensalge su estado.
Se pone este nuestro real mandado en manos de los criados de nuestras altas pucrtas los
mercadores Ynglcses ; para que por el sepan fcnlos los que la presente vieren, come nuestro
alto Conseio les an])ara con el fauor de Dios de todo aquello, que les enpeciere y dannarc en
qiialqniera maiiera, que fueren oflcndidos, y en qualquiera viaie, que fueren, ninguno les
captiuara en esios nuestros reynos, y puertos, y lugarex, que a nos pertenescen : y que les
eiihre el anporo de nuestro podor de qualquiera futiga; y ningun los impida commanode ene-
niistad, ni se dari causa, de que se agrauien en qualquiera manera con el fauor de Dios v desua
cotnparo. Y nian<lanios ;"l los Alcaydesde los nuestros puertos y fortalezas, y i\ los que en estos
niiestros reynos tienen c.irgo, y a toda la gente commun, que no les alleguen en ninguna
manera, con ordcii, de «pie scan oficndidos en ninguna manera; y esto serii necessariamente :
(iue es escrita en los nieilios dias de Habel, segundo anno de nueue ^icntos, y nouenta y
srvs.

4 112

Concorda

603

<ij

.i^'-'

I u

•'; if

. V

►.■■ .'

■ri,

.?b

'il'-

«M

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Mul- Ham. hia letteri.

'■''^*ii),ri.

■'m< U'»i ' > '■

Tbc nntia
Eoiliih.

Concords el dia d'esta carta con veynte dia<i de Manjo del anno de mil y quinien-
to J ochenta y siete, lo qual yo Abdel Rahman el Catan, interprete per sii Ma-
gestad saqui, y Romance de verbo ad verbum, como en el te contirne. y en Fee
dello firmo de my nombre, fecho vt supra.

Abdel Rahman el Catan.
This is a copy well and truely translated of an edict of Mulcy Hamet king of Fez
and Emperour of Marocco, whose tenor is as folioweth : To wit, that no English-
men should be molested or made sialics in any part of his Dominions, obtained
by the aforesaid M. Henry Roberts.
IN the Name of the pitifiill and the merciful! God, &c. The scruant of the supreme God,
the conqueror in his cause, the successor aduanced by God, the Emperour of the Moorcs, the
Sonne of the Emperour of the Moores, the lariflTc, the Ha^eny, whose honour God lonjj in-
crease and aduance his estate. This our princely rommandement is dcliiiQred into the hamU
of the English marchants, which remaine in the protection of our stately palaces: to thcendc
that all men which shall see this present writing, may vnderstand that our princely counsailc
wil defend them by the fauor of God, from any thing that may impeach or hurt them in
what sort soeucr they shalbe wronged: and that, which way socucr they sliall trauailc, nn man
shall take them captiues in these our kingdomcs, ports, and places which belong vnto
vs, which also may protect and defend them by our authoritic from any molestation whatso-
euer: and that no man shall hinder them by laying violent hand vpon them, and shall rmt
giue occasion that they may be gricued in any sort by the fauor and assistance of God. Ami
we charge and command our officers of our hauens and fortresses, and all such as bcare any au-
thoritic in these our dominions, and likewise all the common people, that in no wise they da
molest them, in such sort that they be noway ofTcnded or wronged. And this ourcommaiule-
ment .shall rcmainc inuiolable, being registrcd in the middest of the moneth of Rabcl in the
yecre 996.

The date of this letter agrecth with the 20. of Nfarch 1587. which I Abdel Rahman cl
Catan, inlcrprctour for his .Vfaicstie, hauc Iranslatetl and liirnrd out of the Arabi-
an into Spanish word for word as is conteincd therein : and in witnesse thcreol'
hauc subscribed my name as aforesaid.

.'Mnlel Rahman cl Catan.
En nombrc de Dies cl piadoso piadador.
Oracion de Dios sobre nucstro Sennor y Propheta Mahumet, y los allcgados i cl.
AittitrofMui. EL sicruo de Dios, y nuiy guerrero, \ cnsalsado por la gra(;i,i de I)ios, Myra Momaiiyn, hi-
Er"'u7Lc°-''"i" '''" -^^y™ Momanyn, iiietodc Myra .Momanyn, el larif, cl llazenv, <jue Dios sustcnga sus
Muer. rcynos, y enhalnesus mand:ulos, para el Sennor inuy atfamado y muy illustre, muy estimado,

cl Conde de Leycesfer, dopues de dar Lis loores druida.s a Dios, y las ora^iones, y saludcs dc-
uidas i\ le Propheta Mahumet. Seruira esia por os hazcr sal)er qtie lle<;u a qui i\ nuesira real
Corte viiestra carta, y entendimos lo que en ella .te conlicne. Y \uestro Anibaxador, que
aqui estik en nuestm corte me dio a entender la causa de la tanlan9a de los rehencs huiia
agora: el qua! descuenio re^ebimos y nos damos por .satisfechoM. Y quanta A lo (jue a luis
escriuevs por causa de luan Herman, y lo mcsmo que nos lia ditho ei Ambaxador sohre el,
antes que llegasse vueslra carta por la (|uexa del ambaxador, <|ur se auia t|uexado del, va
auiamrs mandado prcnder lo, y assi que da aora pri-so, y (piedeia, liasia que so le haga la iiiS)-
tlciii que masse le ha de hazer. V con tanto nuestro .Sennor os tenga en su guardia.. lletha
en niiosira corte real en Marruccos, que Dios sosfcnga, el 28. dias del mes dc Hemodaii anno
9y«i.

In the Name of the merciful! and piiifu!! Ciml.

The blessing of God light vpon our lord and proi)licl Mahumet, and those that

arc obedient vnto him.

Tile scruant tif (Jtid !)olh mightie in warre :\m\ mighliiy exalted Iiy the grace of CmmI
Myra Momanyn, the >on of Myra Momanyn, tlse brill) the lla/eiii, whose kingdoms (kul

maintaine

Mul Ham. hia tettert.

Rahman cl Catan.

Tke Queenea kiters.

TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

605

II Which ii with
V.IJ87.

maintaiiie and aduance his authuritie: Vnto the right famous, right noble, & right highly
esteemed Erie of Leicester, after due praises giuen vnto God, & due blessings and sa«
lutations rendred vnto the prophet Mahumet. These are to giue you to vnderstand, that
your letters arriued here in our royal Court, and we wel perceiue the contents thereof.
And your Ambassador which remaineth here in our Court told me the cause of the 8lownes,«c
of the gages or pledges vntil this time: which reckoning we accept of, and holde ourselues
as satisfied. And as touching the matter wherof you write vnto vg concerning lohn Herman,
and the "clfe same complaint which your Anibassador hath made of him, before the
comming of your letter, we had already commaunded him to be taken vpon the complaint
which your Ambassadour had made of him, whereupon he stil remaineth in hold, and shal
so continue vntil further iustitc be done vpon him according to his desert. And so our
Lord keepe you in his saicgard. Written at our royall court in Marocco, which God
maintaine, the 20. day of the moncth Remodan, Anno || 996.

The Queenes Maicsties letters to the Emperour of Marocco.

MVy alto, y niuy podcroso Sennor,

Auiendo cntcndido de parte de nucstro Agente la mucha aficion, y volontad, que nos TheQueenej
tcneys, y quanta honra, y lauor le hazeys por amor nucstro, para dar nos tanto mayor testimo- Emperour.
nio de vuestraamistad, hemos rcccbido de lo vno y dc le otro muy grande contento, y sntisfa-
cion : y assy no podcmos dcxar de agradesccroslo, como mcreccys. Vuestras cartas hemos
tambicn rccibido, y con cllas holgadonos infinitamente, por venir de parte de vn Principe, d
quien tencmos tanta obligacion. Nucstro Agente nos ha cscripto sobre cicrtas cosas, que
desscays scr OS cmbiadas dc aqui: Y, aunque queriamos poder os en cllo puntualmente co-
plazer, como pidiz, ha succcdido, que Lis gucrras, en que stamos al presente occupadas, no
nos lo consientcn del todo: Hcrrms pcr6 mandado, que sc os satisfaga en parte, y conforme \
lo que por agora la neccssitad nos pcrmitc, como mas particularmentc os lodcclarar<i nuestro
Agente: espcraiulo, que lo recibcrreys en bucna parte y cOformc al animo, con que os lo co-
ccdemos. Yporquc nos ha sido referido, que aueys prometido de procedcr cotra vn luau
Herman vass-iUo nucstro, (cl qual nos ha graucmentc ofTcndido) dc la manera, que os lo de-
mandarcmos, aucmosdado ordcn a nucstro diclio Agente de dci.iros mas parcularmentc lo que
dcsscainos scr hcchi a cerca dcstc ncgocio, rogando os, que lo mandeys assi complir: y que
sc.nys scruido de lauoresccr siemprc al dicho Agente, y tencr lo en buen credito, como hasta
agora aueys her ho, sin pcrmiti r, <juc nadic os haga mudarde pareccr a rerca de las calumnias,
que Ic podrau Icuantar, ny diidar, que no romplamos muy por entero todo, lo que de nuestra
paric OS promclicro. Nucstro Sciinor guarde vostra muy alta y muy poderosa persona,
llcciia en nuestra Corte Real dc Grcnewich a 20. dc lulio laS7.

The same in English.

Right high and mightie I'rincc, Hauing vnderstood from our Agent the great aliection and
^.'owi wil which you beare ns, and how great honour and fauor you shew him for our sake, to
ihe end to giue vs more ample tesiimonie of vour friendship, we hauc receiued very great
contentment A: satisl'adion, as wcl of the one as of the other: and withall we could not omit
to m ignilie you, accortliiig lo Nour desert. We liaue also receiued your letters, and do not
a lilK- reioyce thereof, because thcv come Iroin a prince vnto whom we are so much be-
holden. Our Agent haih written vnto \s concerning ceriaiiie things which you desire to bee
sent vnto you from hence. Ami albeit we wish liiat we < ould parti( iilariy satisfie you, as vou
desire, yet it is fallen out, that the warrcs, wherein at this present we be busied, wil not
suder vs fully to doe (he same: ncuerthelesse, wee haue commaunded to satislie vou in part,
and according as the |)resent necessitie doeth permit \s, :is our Agent will declare vnto you
more j)articularlv, hopiiv^ vou will re<'ciue it in good part, and according to the good will
wherewith wee graunt the same. .And l)ec;uisc it hath bene signified vnto vs that vou haue
promised to proceed in iuslicc against one lohn Herman our subiect, which hulli grieuously lohn Hcu>ui> ..»

olfendcd '^"s'"'' "*■'■

(

•'.I J

li'J

tfli

*'i.:.

• I

i< t

(i06

VOYACES, NAUIGATIONS,

P. Sarmienio i oktfi

Thf gouemrtr of
S. Michacltikfu
firuoiicr.

Vrdio Sirmi-
citu the goun-
nour of thf
^tijiijhti ij
Mjgrlin ukri)
j'luoiin.

A hlii{i latlrn
with liiJi taltrn
ind rclrlKii
ajalJir.

Onr t)f lh« thij
tAkcii, mil lit
liwjy with }■
pfriuui.

Th« Cinuel ii
'jkcti.

(■trended vs, in such sort as wee haiic sent word viito you, wee hauc giuen order to mir Kaid
Agent to informc yon more particularly in th.n which wc ilesire to be done in thin busine^,
praying you iilso to command the same to be put in execution : and that it «\ould please
you alwayes to fauour our said Aijenl ;ind lo K.ild him in good crcdile, as you huuedone hi-
therto, not suflTering yoiir-elfc to be chaiiu;td in your opinion, for all the False reports whiih
they may raise against him, nor to dniilii that wee will not accomplish at large all ihat he
shail promise you on our I eliaife. Our i.onl kcepe and presenie your rinht high and nii;j;hiic
person. Written in our rtiyall Court at Cir«enwich the 20. of hily l;)S7.

A vovage to the .Vzoi-es wiih two j)in.i>es, the one called the Serpent, and the
other the Mary Sparkcof I'tinioulh, both of them belonging to Sir W.nltcr Halogli,
written bv lohn Ivicshain Gentleman, wherein were taken the goiicrnoiir, of the
Isle of Sainct .Michael, aiul I'cdro Sanniento goucrnoiir of the Straits ol' Ma-
galanes, in the yeerc l.'»8C.

'I'llc 10. of lune 1586. we departed from Plimoiiih with two Piriases, the rne nainr.J iJic
Serpent, nf the burden of '.ib. Tunnes and the cthi r the .Marv Sp.irkc of I'liinoulii til ilic
burthen of ."jO. Tiuw, both of them belonging in sir \\ iltcr Haleigh l-nigl.t; and directing dui
course towards the coast of Spaine, & from thence towards the Isles of the A/orrs, we tonkp
a small barke laden with Sumacke and other commmlitie^, wherein was the giiieriuiur uf S.
.Michaels Island, being a Portugal, hauing itlur roriui'als and Spaniards with him. Ami
from thence we .sailed to the Island of (iracio:.a to the We-ilward of the Island of Tcriem,
where we disiricd a saile, mid bearing with hrr wee found her to be a Spaniard: Rut at i!ie
lir-.! not greatly respecting wliu we tooke, so that we might haue enriched oursrliies, wlmli
was the (an»c of this tuir trju:iile, and ftir that \»e would nut bee knnwen of wliat nafitni we
were, wee displayed a while silke ensigne in our maine toppe, which they seeing, iTi:i(le at -
conipt that we had bene some uf the king of S[)aines Armadas, l)ing in wait for Fnglisii ineii
of war: but when we came within -Iv t of Ik r, wc ttioke dowiie one white llagge, and spread
abroati the Crosse of S George, which when they saw, it n^.nde them to flie as fast as they ininiit,
but all their haste was in vaine, Tt our shippe-. wen- -.wifier uf saile then tliey, which llu\
fearing, diil presently ea->t their tjrdinitnci' aiitl small -Imi \>iih many letters, and the dral'i lii
the Straights of .Magelan into the Sea, and lhere\pon immedlallv \xe ftitike her, wherein \mt
also tooke a gentleman of Spaine, named I'edro Sarmieiiti', gmierncur of the .Straights uf M,i.
gelan, which saide I'edro we brought into England with \s, and presented him to our mmh--
raigne Lady the Queene.

.■\fier this, lying oil" and about the Islands, wee descried another saile, and bearini; aftrr
her, we spent the maine maste of our ,\ilmirall, but > et in the night tinr \'ice.idmirall t.ikt
her, being laden with fish Iron. Cape HIanke, the which shippe wee let got- againe lor um'
of men to bring her hmne. The next day we (li>cried two other sailes, the one a slii|)pe aiil
the other a Carmel, to whoni we gaue i ha>e, which they seeing, with all specile inatie i i
vndcr the Isle of Graciosa, to a certainc Fort there for their succour, where thev came to an
anker, and hauing the wiiide of vs we could not hurt them with our ships, but we haiiini; a
small boate, which we called a light horseman, wherein my sclfe was, being a Musqiieter, ami
foure more with Caliuers, and foure that rowed, came neerc vnto the shore against ihewimle,
which when they saw vs come towards them thev carried a great part of their marchamli/e
on land, whither also the men of both vessels went and landed, ami as soon as wet.nnf
within Musquct shot, thev began to sht-ote at vs with great ordinance and small shot, and wc
likewise at them, and in the endc we boorded one sliipjie wherein wai no man left, so we cut
her cables, hoysed her sailes, and sent her awa\ with two of our men, and the (;lhcr 7. of \s
passed more neere \nto the shoare, .Tiid boorded the Carauel, which did riile within a stones
ca-t from the shoare, and no neere the land that the people did (a^l stones at vs, but \et in
des|)ight of them all we tooke her, and one oiulv Negro therein ; and cutting her cables m
the hawse wehoysed her sailes and being becalineil Mulcr the laml we were constrained i>
rowe her out with our boate, Uie Etrt still shooting at vs, and the people on land wiili

MusquMt'-

p. Sarmiento t a ken

f giuen order to our Haid
be done in thin husincH,
md that it \>ould plcasr
lite, as you haiic done lii-
ill the false reports whii h
nplish at !arj;e all that lie
Hir ri^hl high ;iiid minhtii'
y 1..S7.

\v Serpent, and llic
to Sir Waller R:ile)-li,
he (jouernour, of the
,r the Straits of Ma-

'iiKises, the <-ne nanirj the
4p.irke of I'liinoiitii III llic
1 l-nijilit; and directiii;- (uii
cs of till- A/orrs, we tcmkc
1 was tin- gi uerni'iir ufS

Spaniards with liim Ami
I of the Island of Timi i.
, he a Spaniard: Rut at t'.ic

enriched oursoliies, wimh

knowen of wl at iiafinM wc
liih they seeing, m;iile k -
inj; in wait for Rn<;lis'n iron
Mil- white flajrge, ami -spread
1 to (lie as fast as they iniuhl,
.aile then they, whirh ihc)
;mv litters, and the dr.il't nl

\\c tooke her, wherein \mt
niiir of the Straights. . f Nf.i-

presented him to onr muic-

ther sai!e, and heariiii; afirr
li.'ht our Viieadmirall i i ki
wee let gin- :i};nine for w.:;'
viiies, tiie one a shippo ;i! il
ii;, with all speiile iiunk' i :
•our, where they eaine to an
our ^hips, but we hauuiu a
was, being a Musqueter. ami
the shore aj;ainst thewiiulc,
•ill part of their marthaiidi/.e
[■d, and as soon as we ( .iine
janre and sitiall shot, and '.w
ill was no man left, so we lul
ir men, and the other 7. of \s
,hirh did ride within a stout".
(a^-t Mones ;il vs, hut \et in
n ; and cutting iier cahles in
land we were constrained t >
lid the people on land wiili
Musquwl-

Slr Franrh Drake.

TRAITIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

(i07

Musqucts and caliuer.4, to the niitnber of 150. or thereabout : and we answered them with
the Hinall force wee had; in the time of which our shooting, the shot of my Musquet being a
cros<<ebarre-8hot hap|)encd to strike the gunner of the fort to death, euen aa he wa'. gluing
letiell to one of his great pieces, and thus we parted from them without any lossc or hurt
on our side. And now, halting taken these fuie sailes ofship|>es, we did as before, turne
away the shippe with the fish, without hurting them, and from one of the other shippes wee
tookc her mainc Maste to scrue our Admirals turne, and so sent her away putting into her all
the Spaniards and i'ortiigals, (sauing that gentleman Pedro Sarmiento, with three other of the Thepriiw
priiH'i|ial men and two Negroes) leaning them all within sight of land, with bread and water '*"''"'""•
siidicieni for 10. dayes if neede were.

Thus setting our course for England, being ofTlhe Islands in the height of 41. degrees, or
there about, one of our men being in the toppe discried a saile, then 10. saile, then 15.
whereupon it was coiu:Iii<led to sende home those prizes wc had, and so left in both our
I'inasscs not aboue I 0. men. Thus wee returned againe to the FIcete wee had discried. Two c<-
wherc wee found 'il. saile of shipj)es, whereof two of them were Cafacks, the one of 1200. "Ji|'s|',i°raa!i
and the other of a 1000. tutuies, and 10. Gallons, the rest were small shippes and Carauels >i»i'>'
all laden with Treasure, spices, and Migarswilh which 24. shippes we with two small Pinasses
did fight, and kept company the space of .'i2. Iioures, continually fighting with them and
they with vs, but the two C'ararks kept still betwixt the Flecte and v.s, that wee could not
take any one of them, so wanting powder, wee were forced to giue them ouer against our
willcs, for that wee were all wholly bent to the gaining of some of them, but necessitic com-
pelling vs, and that onely for want of powder, without losse of any of our men, (which was
a thing to be wondered at considering the incqualitic of number) at length we gaue them
oiicr. Thus wc againe set our course for Kngland, and so came to IMimouth within (i. houres The*. pimsKi
after our prizes, which wc sent away 40. houres before vs, where wee were receiued with g'^Tn'/"'
triumphant ioy, not onely with great Ordinance then shot oH", but with the willing hearts of
all the people of the Towne, and of the Countrev thereabout ; and we not sparing our Or-
dinance (with the powder wee had left) to requite and answerc them againe. And from
thence wee br<iught our pri/.cs to Southampton, where sir Walter lialegh being our owner,
rewarded vs with our shares.

Our prizes were laden with sugars, I^lcphants teeth, waxc, hides, rice, brasill, and Cuser,
as by the testimoiiic ol' loliii f^iieshain himsclfe, Captaine Whiddon, Thomas Uainford, Ben-
iamin W, nd, WiMiam Cooper .Master, William Cornish Master, Thomas Drake Corporall,
lohn Ladd gunner Willi, im Wardiold gunner, Richard Moone, lohn Drew, fiichard Coop-
er of Harwich, William Heares of Hatclille, lohn Row of Saltash, and many others, may
appeare.

\ briefe relation of the n(>table seruice performed bv Sir Francis Drake vpon the
Spanish Flecte prepared in the Road of Cidiz : and of his destroying of 100.
saile of barks ; l'a.s.-iiig from thence all along the coast to Cape Sacre, where
also hce fooke certaine FiTt.- : and so to the mouth of the Riuer of Lisbon, and
thence crossin'^ ouer to the Isle of Sant Michael, supprized a mighty Carack
called the Sam Philip romming out of the Iv.ast India, which was the first of that
kinde that cuer wa< scene in Kngland : Performed in the yecrc 1.^)87.

HEr .Maicstie being informed of a mightie preparation by Sea begunne in Spaine for the
inuasion of Kngland, bv good .aduiseof her graue and prudent Counsell thought it expedient
to preiicnt the same. Whereupon she caused a Fleete of some ^0. sailes to be rigged and
furnished with all things necessary. Ouer that Flecte she appointed (iencrall sir Francis
Drake (of whose manilold former good seruiccs she had sullicient prool'e) to whom she
caused 4. ships of her Nanie royall to be deliuered, to wit, The Rimaucnture wherein him-
selfe went as (Jeneral ; the Li(m \nder the conduct of Master William IJorough Controller of
the Nauie ; the Dread-nought viider the command of M. Thomas Venner ; and the Raine-
bow, captaine whereof was M. Henry Ucllingham : vnto which 4 ships two of her pinasses

were

■1,

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liir'

i\ 1.

I 1

I.,

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If If

WtMi'

ii ^4''.

' 'A'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Francii Drakt.

were appointed m hand-maid*. There were aliu) added vntn thin Fleet certaine tall sKlpn of
the Citie of London, of whose enpeciall good seriiice the Generall made parliciilar me ntiuii
in hit priuate Letters directed to her Maiciitie. This Fleete ttet saile from the !<ound of Pliinouth
in the moiieth of April tnwardu the cout of Spaine.

The 16. of the said moneth we mette in the latitude of 40. degrerH with two iihi|H of
Middleboroiigh, which came from Cadiz; by which we vndemtood that there wa* great moro
of warlike prouision at Cadiz & thereabout ready to come for Litibon. Vpon thin informa-
tion our Generall with al Hpced powible, bending himtclfe thither to cut olF their wid forrrs
and prouiftion*, vpon the 19. of April entered with hi« Fleet into the Harbor of Cadiz: VNhere
at our first cntriiig we were assailed oucr against the Towne by sixe Gallies, which notwith-
standing in short time retired vnder their fortresse.

There were in the Road W. ships and diucnt other small vessels vnder the fortresse : there
fled about 20. French ships to Port Real, and some small Spanish vessels that might passr the
sholdes. Al our first coming in we sunke with our »hot a ship of Hagu/a of a 1000, luiinrs,
furnished with 40. pieces of brasse and very richly laden. There came two Gallirs nidrc
from S. Mary port, and two from Porto Reale, which shot freely at vs, but altogether in
vaine : for they went away with the blowes well beaten for their paines.

Before night we had taken 30. of the said ships, & became Masters of the Road, in de-
spight of the Gallics, which were glad to retire them vnder the Fort : in the number of wliirli
shi|>s there was one new ship of an extraordinary hugenesse in burthen aboue 1200. tui)ne«.
belonging to the Marqucsse of Rnnia Cruz being at that instant high Admiral of .Spaine. I Iik
of them were great ships of Biskay, whereof •!•. we lircd, as they were taking in the Killl;^
proiiision of victuals for the furnishing of his Fleet at IJsbon: the fift being a ship aliuiii
1000. lunnes in burthen, laden with Iron-xpikes, nailes, yron lnjopes, horkc-shooes, and
other like necessaries Ixmnd for the West Indies we (iretl in like n^aner. Also we tookc a
shipof^fjO. lunnei laden with wines for the Kings pr(>uision, which wee caried out to ihc
Sea with vs, and there discharged the said wines for our owne store, and afterward »ct her in
lire. Morcouer we tookc A. Flylwalsof JiOO. tunncs a piece laden with biscuit, whereof one
was halfe vnladen by vs in the ilarborow, and there fired, and thte other two we tcM>ke in mir
company to the Sea. Likewise there were fired hy vs ten oiIkt ships whirii were laden y\i\,
wine, raisins, tigs, oiies, wheat, & such like. To eonelude, the wlioie iiinnl>er of shi[M iim!
barkcs (as we suppose) then burnt, suncke, and brought n\say with V'J, amounted to .'{() n
the least, being (in our indgement) about 10000. lunnes of shipping.

There were in sight of vs at Porto Real al)oul 40. ships, besiijrs those that fled from C.kIi/

We found little ease during our ahoad there, by reason of their eontinuali «hooiini; Ifun
the (tallies, the fortresses, and from the shoare : where coiiliiuialK at plaecs eoniicnieiit tinr
planted new ordinance to oll'end vs with : besides the ine()niieiiitn<c which wee miIUtcI
from their ships, which, when they could defend no longer, ihcy set on fire to ci me :iii( i -
vs. Whereupon when the flood came wee were not a little troubled to dcl'end vs Inmi iliiir
terrible (ire, which nciierthelesse was a pleasant sight for vs to beliolde, because we were
thereby eased of a great labour, which lay vpon vs day and night, in discharging the \i( iii.iU,
and other prouisions of the cncmie. Thus by the assistance of the alniighlie, and the in-
uincible courage and industrie of our fJcnerall, this strange ami ha|)|)y enterprizc wa* ;ii-
<'hicued in one day and two nights, to the j^reat astoni-hnicnl of the King of Spaine, wliidi
bread such a corrasiue in the heart of the Marques of Santa Cruz hi;;h Admiral of Spaiiic,
that he neuerenioyed good day after, but within fewe moneths (as may iustly be sujiposcd ,
died of extreanie griefe and sorrow.

Thus hauing performed this notable seruice, we came out of the Road of Cadiz on the
Friday morning the 851. of the said moneth of April, with very small losse not worth llic
mentioning.

After our departure ten of the Gallics that were in the Road came out, as it were in disdainc
of Ns. to make some {latttime with their ordinance, at which time the wind skanted vpon vs,
whereupon we cast about againe, aiul stooil in with the shuare, & came to an anker within a

league

I, 'I

Sir Francii Drake.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

609

league of the towne; where the waid Gallicf), for all their former bragging, at length nufTVed
v» to ride quietly.

Wc now haue had experience of Gally-llght ; wherein I can assure you, that onely thcAe
4. of her Maiwtic-i shipn will make no accompt of 20. Gallics, if they may be alone, and not
busied «<> guard others. There were ncucr Gallics that had better plate and fitter opportu-
nitie for their aduautagc to fight with whips: but they were siiJl forced to retire, wee riding
in a narrow gut, the place vcclding no better, and driucn to mi>intainc the same, vntill wco
had discharged and fired tfie shippes, which could not conut".iently be done but vpon the
flood, at which time they might driue rleare off vs. Thus being victualed with bread and
wine at the enemies cost for diuers moncths (besides the prouisions that wc brought from
home) our Gcncrall dispatched Captaine Crosse into England with his letters, giuing him
further in charge to declare viilo her Maicstie all the particularities of this our first cnJer-
prizc.

After whose departure wee shaped our course toward Cape Sacrc, and in the way thither
wee lookc at seucrall times of ships, barkcs, and Caraucls well neercan hundred, laden with
hoope*. gally-oares, pipe-staucs, & other prouisions of the king of Spaine, for the furnish-
ing of his forces intended against KiigKind, al which we burned, hauing delt fauourably with
the men and sent them on shoare. We nko spoiled and cdsumed all the fisher-boats and nets
thereabouts, to their great hinderance: and (as wc suppose) to the vtter ouerthrow of the
rich fishing of ihcir Tunics fir the same ycrc. At length we came to the aforesaid Cape
Sacre, where we went <.n land; and the better to enioy the benelite of the place, and to ride
in harborow at our pliMsiire, we assailed the same castle, and three other strong holds, which
we tooke some by f'.rce anil some by surrender.

Thence wc came before the haiien of Lisbon ankering nerc vnto Cascais, where the Mar-
ques (if Santa ('ni/. was with his (iailies, who seeing; vs chase his ships a shoare, ft take and
carv aw.iy his barks and Caraucls, was content to suffer vs there quietly to tary, and likewise
to depart, and neu<r charged vs with one canon-shot. And when our Generall sent him
worde that hee w.is there ready to exchange certainc bullets with him, the marques refuMcd
his chalenge, sendinji him word, that he was not then ready for him, nor had any such Com-
mission from his King.

Our {iciicrall thus refused by the Martpies, and seeing no more goo<l to be done in this
place, llKuiglit it conuenient to spend no longer time vpon this co.ist: and therefore with
con-iciit of the chicfc of his Company he shaped his course toward the Isles of the Azores,
and pas>in^ towariU llu- Isle of .Saint Michael, within 20. or .'?0. leagues thereof, it was his
good f Tluiie to nice;e with a I'ortugale Carak railed Sant I'hilip, being the same shippcThtCtncic
whicii ir) tlic voyage outward had caned thi" .'{. I'rinces of lapan, that were in Europe, into""'''*'". ^'""
ilie Indies. This Carak without any great resi-tance he tooke, bestowing the people thereof " ""
ill rerl.iirie vessels well furnished with victuals, and sending them courteously liomc into
tlieir Countrey : and this wms the first Carak that euer was taken comming foorth of the East
Indies ; whicli the I'ortugals tooke for an euil signe, because the ship bare the Kings owne
name.

The riches of this pri/.e seemed so great vnto the whole Company (as in trueth it was)
that they assured ihemsclues euery man to hnue a suflicicnt reward for his trauel: and
thereupon they all rcsolued to returne home for England : which they happily did, and
arriiied in I'liniouth the same Sommer with tlieir whole I'lecte and this rich booty, to their
owne profile and due commendation, and to the great admiration of the whole kingdonie.

And here by the way it is to be noted, that the making of this Carak wrought two extra-
ordinary elVccH in England: first, that it taught others, that Caracks were no such bugs but
that they might lie taken (as since indeed it hath fallen out in the taking of the Madre de
Dio.s, and fvrcing and sinking of others) and secondly in acquainting the English Nation
more generally with the particularities of the exceeding riches and wealth of the East In-
dies : wherebv thernsehies and their neighbours nl' Holland hauc bene incouraged, being
men as skilfuU in Nauigation and of no lessc courage then the I'ortugals to share with them

VOL. II. i i in

• 1 'I

k*,-.

l*i'll

.-I'-
ll

lit

Wi'iM],,:ki>:

wiikfm

'/•; 1

410

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONR,

A palent for Stntga,

in the Eul Indiei : where their utrcngth i.s nothing ko great <u herelolorc haih brtie Nup-
poied.

A Patent granted to rertainr \(archant!« of E\ttcr, niul othrnt of ihc Went parts,
and of* London, for a trade tu the lliucr ul' Senega and Ganibra in Guinea,
1&88.

ELIzabcth by the grace of GckI Qupcmc of England, France and Irrl.ind. defender nf ihc
faith, ttc. To oiir Treasurer and Admirull of Enxland, our Trraiturrr and IJarniH u{ nur lix-
chequcr, and all and euery our Odicer*, ininifttrm and »ubic( tu whiitsoeurr, greeting VVhrrc-
at our wclbeldued «ubicct« William Brayley, (iili)erl Smith, Nicolas Spicer, and lohn Dorj.
cot of our Clly of Exeter marchants, John Yung of Coliion in our tounty of Deuoii nuir.
chant, Kich;iru Dodcrige of liarncKlablc in our mide Cuuuiie of Dcunn Marchant, Anihnnii-
Oa.«scll, and Nicolas Turner of our Cific of F.oiidon Marchants, Ii.t.ic bene pcrnwadi-d and
earnesriy moued by certainc I'ortugaU reMidcnt within our Domiiiioim, to vndcrtake und vci
forward a voyage to certainc places on the coast of Guinea : Videlicet, from the Northirttm*!
part of the Hiucr comm<mly called by the name of the Hiuer of Senega, and from and wiili-
in that Kiuer all along that coast vnto the SouthermoMt part of another Kiuer commonly
Afi>rm«»ny called by the name of Gambra, and within that Riuer: which, as we are informed, ihcy
■e< loo^ro It. 1^^^^^ already once performed accordingly : And for th.it we arc credibly giuen to vndersiand
that the further proHCcuting of the name voynge, and the due and orderly cttlablishing of an
orderly trafique and trade of marchandixe into thohc Countrien, wil not only in time be wry
beneficial to thcite our KealmcHand dominions, but also be a great xiiccourand reliefc vnio the
present distrcMited estate of thoiie I'ortugaU, who by our princely fauour Hue and continue
here vndtr our protection: And conidering tiiat the aducnturing and enterpri'<ing of a newc
trade cannot be a matter of omall charge and h.i/ard to the aduenlurert in the beginnin;;:
vre haue therefore thought it conucnient, that our said louing xubieclH William Brayley, (iil-
bert Smith, Nicholas Spicer, lohn Dnricot, lohn Young, Kichard Uoderi^e, Aiilhonie l).i»-
sell, and Nicholas Turner, Icr ilic liciier inc(iura<;ement to procecde in their saide aduenturc
and trade in the »aid C'ounircis, -.li;!) haue the sole vsc and exercise thereof for a ceriaine
lime. In consideration wherrdf, and for ether wai^^litio reasouH and connideralions vs speci-
ally mooning, of our Hjieciall grace, cerfaine knowledge and mecre motion, we haue giui-n
and graunted, and by these presents for vs, our hcires and xuccessora doe giue and grjiuit
vnto the said Willi.nn Brayley, (iili)crt Smith, Nicholas Sjiirer, lohn Doric ot, lohn Young,
Richard Dcderide, Anthony Dasvell and Nichidas Turner, and to euery of them, and to sni!t
other our Subiects as they <'r die most part of them shall thinke coniienient to receiue into tlirir
Company and society, to I)e the iradepH with them into the said Countreis, that they and
curry of them by them>eliies or by their seriiant* or Factors and none othew, shall and niav
for and during the full spai <• and terme of teniie yecres next ensuing the date of these pre-
Hents, haue and eniny the free and whole traliqiie, trade and feat of marchaiidise, to and friiii',
the said Northermost part of the aaid Kiuer, commonly ealled by the name of the Kiuer li"
Senp<;.i : and from and within tliat riiier all aion;; the ((la^t of (iiiinea, vnto the ISoutherninsi
part of the said liiiier, commonly called b\ the name of the Kiuer of (iamlira, .ind 'wiilijii
that Kiuer also. And that they the said William Brayley, liilbert Smith, Nicholas Spiier,
lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Kichard Duderige, Anthony Dassel niul Nichol s I'urner, «.^ euery
of them, by them»eliics <>r bv their seruanis or Fat tors, \- >.ii li is they or tiie most part ( f
them shall receiue into their Company anil socii tic, to be Iradii- with t'lein into ilie s.i>d
Countreis (as i» aforesaid) and none nthers, shall and may, for, and ili-ring the snid spaee and
terme of 10. yercM, haue and enicv the side & whole tntique or trade of marchaiulize into
and from the said places* afore liinitted and described, for the buyiig & selling, bartering
and c!ianging of and with any gmd-;, wares, and marrhanJi/es wh.itsoruer, io be vented had
or found, at or within any the citie-*, lownes, or places ^ilu.lted or being in 'he eountri ,
p.irtes it toxstes of (Juinea before liinitted, any law, statute, or ^niunt, matter -usoiiir or
priuilegcK tu the contrary in any wise nolwitlutandin^. And fui- the bcttn^f orucriuk, esta-

blinhing,

A patent for Sinr/fa.
iretoforc halh l>ci»c mihi-

of the Vfni parts,
Cianibra in fluinen,

Irrland, dcfcmlrr of the
r and Baroim «)!' our Ux-
lOfiuT. greclinK VVIicrc-
1 Spiirr, and IoIhi Dori-
r toiiDty "I" Di'iion ni.ir-
iion Marihant, AniliDnii-
auc bone pcrKwailcil aiul
iiH, to vndcrlakc aiul >ci
ft, from the N(>rllllTlncl^t
nega, and from and with-
anothcr Iliucr commonly
I wc arc informed, tlicy
dibly giucn tn vndcntaiid
orderly c»lablisl)inK of an
I not only in time be very
iccour and rcliefc vnln the
laiiour line and continue
ind entcrpri-ing of a newc
lurer* in the beginning;;
icttH William Brayley.Ciil-
Doderi^e, Anthonic U.i»-
Je in their «aide aducniurc
i^c thereof for a icriaine
nd « (Misiderations vh n|)cti-
k> motion, we haue nincii
Low doe giuc and uraimt
<ihn Dorii ot, lohn Young,
tuery of them, and to sudi
lenient to recciue into ihcir
I Countreis that they and
one olhcrK, ithall and may
uin;: the date of these pre-
f man haiidisr, to and frun,
Ihc name of tko Knier il'
inea, vnto the ISoulhenunsl
ii-r of (iamhra, .<n:\ within
•ri Sniilii, Nichola-t Sjjiier,
I Nichtil •« I'lirner, & euery
w thcv or the mo«l part t f
- will* I'lem into the ».iyd
d (hiring the said spate and
■ traile of marihandize into
jyi !g & i.'Uing, barti-ring
hil-orner, io be vented had
or ixiii}; ill ♦•«.• itmniti ,
^.raunt, matter 'uvoiiic or
• the bcttifr i,rucrinh, e-ia-
blibhing,

A patent for Sfncn:^. THAFFIQURa, AND DISCOUERIES.

bliiihlng, & gouerning of the said societie and Company in the said tradf and traflaue of mat*
rhandixeK, tc the quiet, onlerly & lawfull f xen ise of the same, Wc for v», nur neiren, and
KuercMon, do by these preiientN giuc and graunt rull lict nse and authoritie vnto the Kaid
William nrayley, (iilbert Smith, Nichnlan Spicer. lohn Doricot, lohn Young, Richard Do*
derige, Antnonie Dassell, and Nii hnlas Turner, and to Hiirh others as they finall rcceiuc info
Iheir naide socielie and < ompany to be irailrm into the said countre is, as is aforesaid, and to
cnery of th«"i, that they or the moat part of thctn Hhall and may at all coniienient times at
their pleasures, assemble and meetc together in any place or places ronucnient, aswell with-
in our citie of Kxeter, as elsewhere within this our Realmc of England, or other our domi-
nions, during the said terme of ten yeere, to consult of, for, and concerning the naide trade
and traficpie of marchandize, and from tir.;e to time to make, ordaine, and stablish good,
nereMury, and reasonable f/.tlcrs, constitutions, and ordinances, for, and touching the same
trade. And al ■ ucl. order-* . ons»itnli./n«, acid ordinance* so to be made, to nut in vrc
•ind^xectite, anu tSim, («r;;iy o: (iicm, to alter, change, and make voyd, and, if necde
be. to mal ' new, i at ns" jimP, .hiring the aaid terme of ten yeeres, to them, or the most
part of thi'i. tl.iM (.nJi'ig, US I* u'oresaiJe, shall be thought ncccwary and conucnient.
Vnto n'l ind cueri' whi n eni • nrdirt, conslitutionn, and oriinanccf), they, and eucry of them,
and all other jMrsriis ••i,(i(i ..hall hereafter be -eceiued into the saide aocictie and Company,
Rhall nubiiiit 1 1 mnt hiP:', and shall well and <''icl;' obserue, performe, and obey the »ame, so
long as thi'y shal! • i.^i in turre, or els'- siuli pay and incurre fiuch forfeitures, paines, and
l»enaliie«, 'i i (he bre^tf; '.Mcirof, and i' -i I iiju".' and forme, and to such vscs & intents,
04 by the nj,i<i.- (,;,kn. i oiisiiturions, iiHt ..r('ii,;»,nccs»iri'^ '>e v^sewed, limitted and appointed.
So alwivt!*, iiifho iiiicorrlcrs, '.<,;,'iil.'i.\jinafidordi'.:«ii'''*'b.*notrepugnant or contrary to the
tuw.ii, •>i;a'i".es, ai'n .■u<toti: s of tttiii Rraline if ►(D/a-ii/, nor any penaltie to excecde the
ri'.t'ionable futny ci uthi-r >rnpM.'s, t*ii«f«ril hy t'.. r I'ni'ipuMy of our Marchants, named Ad«
iienti 'tilt. Ami \o the '..i-'nt Miat ill"/ oiirly, tn t^m lie salt! power and libertic of tralique
anil trafle if inarcliar. ','.*c is rr.iunli'.! 'jy hu *>• o i ' '.ett'rs n.iten'r aforesaid, and none others
vfhatsoenrr, ^% .thoM i.,f ii -i.^' t ia'I iofise-'t it.'l lit ense htf :.\ hpc^, ihrll, during the naid terme
often yeeres vse, or h?.»t<,; tratic or trfllique, w'th or lor Oiv lonei of goods or marihan-
dizes, tn mil from '.ir sr-'r'; ' .usfn nr par:< of Cni>n'j ttr.T-v- i.tiit.d: Wee doe by these pre-
sents, by oiu ioyall and •iiprenie ;v(ifl ontic, ifr .n»t tly rhargt mu ■ ommaund, that no person or
persons whatsoe.t-r f>y {h<-.n-eiuc?, or by their i;,ttor» , or ■,i..';;r.t?. during the said terme of 10.
veres, shri! m anv '*ise fr.'ic or t/af'uiir.', .''i)r or with nnv ;;< fds or march.mdizes, to or from
the said t o.i,r' and ].'yr(» of fJuine.i alV. e limitted, oti f, lien the said William Brayley, Gilbert
Smith, NirKi.lr; Srir PI, iohri Ddiroi, lohn Y >i.n^, Hi<-h.''id Doderige, Anthony Dassell, and
Nicholas Turne*, ;nvj >,i-r'u a. ;roni tlvnii \i< time, ihev. < i the most part of them, shall recciue
into their so. ietic or coirip^sny, U- L-r Jradtrs ^,iih I'lcm, as is aforesaid, as they tender our
uunur, and will auoyde i .ir lu^^h .'ispl'a.siin , and v loi paine of imprisonment of his or their
bodies, at our will and plea'Dre, nnd lo lo.^e an 1 fi)rieit the ship or shippes, and all the goods,
wares, and mar h,i«di/es, wherewith 'li.' y, ot aiy nf them shal, during the said tcrmc of
10. yerr-), irvU-, t r tra(!uiir to or from tl '■ 'aid Countries, or any part thereof, according to
the 'imiiation aboiir mcinin/>»d contriry to our exprcsse prohibition and restraint, in that
beiulfe. Aiid liirther, ui> do by these prrse its giue and graunt full power and authoritie to
the mid Willi, n r.iniN, <i'/bert Smith, Nil Iiolas Spicer, lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Richard
Dotlcris;*-', All' <>i J r^.iS'cli, mil Nicholas Turner, and to such other persons, as they shal
recciue in'io their sorittr a-id ctnnpany, to be traders with them, as is aforesaid, and the most
Wi ( y t'lem for t'le lime being : that they, and eucry of them, by thcmschie.s, their fac-
tors, .lepiitii's, or aMijrnes, shall and may, lr<im time to time, during the said terme of 10.
yerrs, , ttaih, arrest, take, and scase all, and all manor of ship, and ships, goods, wares,
and marrhantli/es whatsoeuer, which shall be brought from, or caried to the said coasts and
parts of Cluinea afore limited, contrary to our will and pleasure, and the true meaning of
the same, declared and expressed in these our letters {ratents. Of all and eucry which said
furfaitures whatsoeuer, the one third part shall be vnto vs, our hcircs, and successors, and

4 I 2 another

611

I' I

619

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

^ patent for Senega.

another thirde part thereof we giue and jiraunt by theop prescnf«, for and towards the reliere
of the saide Portiigals continuing here vnder our protec tion, as is ;ir rcsaid. And ilie other
third part of al the same forfaiturcs, we do by these presents, of our ( ci mine iinow 'ed^rc nnd
meere motion, for vs, our heircs and successors, giuc and grant clccnly and whidy v nio the
said William Braylty, Gilbert Smith, Nicholas Spicer, lohn Dorirot, luhn Yonjj,, Richard
Doderige, Anthony ba-scl, and Nicholas Turner, and such other persons, as they shall rc-
ceiue into their societie, and company, as is aforesaid. And these our Ictlrrs patents, or the
inrolment or exemplification of the same, without anv further or other \wirrani, shall from
time to time, during the said tenne yceres, be a sudicienl warrant and aullioriiic to our Trea-
surer of England, for the time being, and to the barons of our Exchequer, and to all other
our officers and ministers whatsoeuer, to whom it shall or may ap))crtnine, to .illow, deliuer,
and pay one thirde part of all the said forfeitures, to the vse ol the said I'oi tugals, and om.
other thirde part of the same forfeitures, to the saide William Rrayle\, (jilbert Smith, Ni-
cholas Spicer, lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Hichard Doderige, Anihi iiv l)as>. II, and Nidiolas
Turner, and such other persons, as they shall receiue info their socii-iie and Company, to l)c
tmders with them, as aforesaide, to their owne proper vsc and belio(ic : wiiich said .illowain cs
and paimcnts thereof, our will and |)leasure is, and we do straightly < hari;e and commaund, to
bee from time to time duely made and performed accordingly, witJK'Ut any delay or denial of
any our officers aforesaid, or any other our officers or minister- whatsoeuer. And we do
straightly charge and command, and by tlic>e presents prohi.ile all ami singular our custom-
ers, ci Hectors, and fanners of our Customes and subsidies, and contr Hers of the same, of
and within our poits of the cilic of London, and tiic Citie of Exeler, and all other j)orli,
crcckcs, and places, within this our Healme of England, andeuery of liiem, and all other our
officers and ministers whatsoeuer, which haue <'r shall haue any dealing or intermedliiiL:,
tt-urhing our said Customes and subsidies, that they, nc any of them 1)\ thcmselue.^, their
clearks, deputies, or substitutes, or any of them take or receiue, tir in any wi-e eau>.e or
suffer to be taken or receiued for vs, or in our name, or to our \>e, or fir, or in tiie r.anies
or to the vses of our heires «)r su<ce>sors, of any person, or person-, any summe or suninirs
of money, or other things whatsoeuer, jluriiig the said ternie of ten xeerc-^, for, or in il;c
name, lieu, or place of any Custonie, snbsidie, (T other thing or duetie, to vs, our hi ires,
or successors, due. or to be due, lor the Customes (t subsidies of am su( h goods, wares, tj
marchandizes, to be transported, caried, or Itrought to or from the priuile^ed places, before
in these presents mentioned, or any of them : nor make, luir cause to be made anv entry
into, or of the bookes of subsidies or customes, nor make any agreeoicnt for the Cu-tonus
or subsidies, of, or for any goods, wares, or marchandizes, to bee sent to, or returned Innii
any the priuileged places, before in these presents mentioned, sauing onelv with, and in
the name, and by the consent of the saide William Ilravlry, (iilbert Smith, Nicholas Spiicr,
lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Kichard Doderige, Antoiiie Da>sel, and Nicholas Turner, or if
some of tlieni, or of such as they or the most part of them shall receiue into their societie
and Company, as afresaid. Proiiided alwaies, that if at any tune hereafter, we our seli;e>;,
by our writing signed with our proj)er haiul, or any si\e i r n.ore of our priuie Counsell, tor
the time being, shall, by our direction, and bv writing signed and subs( ribcd witli their Iiands,
signilie and noiifie to the said William Ikay'ley, Ciilbcit Smith, NichoLis Spicer, lohn l)i ri-
cot, lohn Yong, Hichard Doderige, Anthony Dassell, and Nicholas Turner, <r to anv of them,
or to any other, whom they, or the most jiart of liiem shal receiue into their Coinpanie and
society, as is aforesaid, or otherwise to our officers in our p<irts of fLxeter, or I'limoiith, bv
them to be notified to such as siiall haue intere>t in this spi i iail priuiiege, that our will and
pleasure is, that the said trade and trafique shal cease, and be no longer continued into the
saide coasles and partes of Guinea before limited: then ininiediallv from and af"ter the eiule
of sixe moneths next insuing, after such signilicali(ui & notification so to be giuen to any of
the said Company and societie, as is aforesaid, or otherwise to our Officers in our ports of
Exeter or Plimouth, by (hem to be notified to such as shall haue interest in this speciall pri-
uiiege, these our present letters Patents, and our graunt therein contained shall be vtJerly

vovde.

^ patent for Senega.

nr and toward-" the reliePe
r resa'ul. Aiul the other
r ccriaiiic kiiow'f'^e niul
crily and wholy v nto tlic
(lit, li'hii Yiinf;'i Hirhard
|)Crs()iis, as ihcy ^hnll re-
niir Irtlcrs p^tc'nt^, or tlie

olhiT \wirranl, xhall from
lid aiillioriiic to curTroa-
.ihcqiirr, and tc all otiier
criaiiir, to allow, doliucr,
e saiil Portiijials, and 'mu-
ivip\, (Jilt)crt Smith, Ni-
nv 'l)a'<>. II, and Nii liolas
ii-lie and Company, to be
.jc : which said .illowanciN

( hai>;c and coninuiund. to
K'lil aiiV di'lay or deni.il of

whafw-cuer. And we do
I and >.insular our riistoin-
onir Hers ol the same, oi'
elcr, and all other porti,
of iheni, and all other our

diMlinj; or inteminllinL:,
tlicin 1)> fhcinscUie-, their
•, or in any wi-e cau-e or
»c, or fir, or in the i.anii-s
inri, any >innine or >nmiiirs

ten \ecrcs, for, or in liic
r dnelie, to vs, our hi ires,

am siK h ^{oods, wares, i r

prinileued places, bclori'
ise to he ni.ide anv entr\
i;reeiucnt for the C'u«loniis
esent to, or returned Inun
aning onelv with, and in
ert Smith, Nichol.is Spinr,
nd Nicholas Turner, oril'

receiue into their sucieiic
le hereafter, wc our seli;c<,
of our priuic Coinisell, lor
«uhM ribcd willi their liaiuN,
iic'htda.s Spicer, lnhn 1). ri-
I Turner, ■ r to any of them,
e into iheir Cnmp.inie and
if Ivxeter, <ir I'limouih, by
riiiilejje, that our will and
I lonjicr continued into liie
llv from and after the etnle
ion so to be j^iuen to any of
nr Olficers in our ports of
interest in this spcciall pri-
I contained shall be v!;<rly
vo)de,

M. lames WeMi.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

613

voyde, and of none effect, no validitie in the lawe, to all intents and purposes: any thing
before mentioned to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. VVitnesse our selfe at West-
minster, the thirdeday of May, in the tliirtieth yere of our Keigne 1588.

A voyage to Benin beyond the Countrey of Guinea, set foorth by Master Bird and
Master Newton Marchants of London, with a shippc called the Richard of Arun-
dell, andaTinessc; Written by lames Welsh, who was chiefe Master of the
said voyage, bcgunnc in theyeerc IjSS.

VPon the twelft of October wee wayed our ankers at Ratcliffe and went to Blackwall. And
the next d.iy saylln;; from thence, by reason of contrary windcand weather, wee made it the
2.">. of October before wee were able to reach Plimouth, and there we stayed (to our great
expense of victuals) for lacke of winde and weather viito the 14. of December.

On Saturday the said 14. of December we put from thence, and about midnight were
thwart ol the Li/.arl.

Thursdav the second of January wee had sight of the land neere Rio del ore, God be thanked, Riodtiorc.Wii
and there had 21 degrees of l.ititude. and 47. minutes. "[mir"'"'"'

Tiio iiiirde of laiuuiry wee had sight of Cauo de las Barbas, and it bare Southeast fine cjuoJcUg
leagues oil". "^'''"•

The 4 we had sight of the Crosiers in the morning. Crowerj.

Tuesday the 7. day we had sight of Cauo vcrde, and I finde this place to be in latitude 14. c.,uo Vcrdcin
degrees, and i'.t. minutes, being 4. leagues from the shoarc. 14.jfgr.4j.n1.

Friday the 17. Cauo dc Monte bare olf vs North Northeast, we sounded and had .W. fa- cnudc Monte.
tliom blacke oase, and at 2. of the clocke it bare North Northwest 8. leagues od". And Cauo
Mensurado bare of vs Kast and by South, and wee went Northeast with the mnine: here the na^'
currant setteth to tiie K.ist Southeast alongst the shoarc, and at midnight wee sounded and had
26. fathonie lihicke oase.

The 18 in the morning we were thwart of a land much like Cauo verde, and it is as I iudge
9. league^ rom (.'auo .Mensura<lo ; it is a hill sadlebacked, and there arc 4. or 5. one after
another : ,ind 7. leagues to the Southward of that, we saw a row of hils sadlebacked also, and
from Cauo Mensurado are many mountaines.

The I'J. we were thwart Kio de Sestos, and the 20. Cauo dos Baixos was Norih & by West RkideSfstos.
4. leagues oil' the shoare, and at afternoone there came a boate from the shoare with 3. Ne- t-juodugjiuoi.
groes, from a plac:e (as they say) c.dled Tabanoo. And towards euening we were thwart of r^baLoo.
an Island, and a great many of small Islands or rockcs to the Southward, and the currant
c.ime out <if the Souther-boord : we sounded and had 35. fathomes.

The 2\. wee h.id a Hat hill that bare North Northeast ofl" vs, and wee were from the shoare
4. leagues, and at 2. a clocke in the afternoone we spake with a Frenchman riding neere a AFrenchiiiipat
place called Ratire, and another place hard by called Crua. This Frenchman caried a letter ^""''
from vs to .M. Newton : wee layd it on hull while wee were writing of our letter; and the ATurramto
current set \s to the Southward a good pasc alongst the shore South Southeast. ihc southtJit-

The 25. we were in the bight of the bay that is to the Westward of Capo de Ires puntas: ""''"
the currant did set East Northeast.

The 'is. we lay sixe glasses a hull tarving for the pinesse.

The last of January the middle part of Cape de tres puntas was thwart of vs three leagues cauodetm
at seiien of the clocke in the morning: and at eight the pinesse came to an anker: and wee p"""'-
prooncd that the current sefleth to the Eastward : and at sixe at night the vtlermost lande
bare East and by South .'). leagues, and we went Southwest, and Southwest and by South.

Saturday the iirst of February 1588. we were thwart (if a Round foreland, which 1 take to
be the liasicrmost part of Cajio de Ires puntas : and within the .said Round foreland was a
great bay with an Island in the said bay.

The second of February wee N.ere thwart of the Castle of Mina, and when the thirde Ti.rCj«itrf
^lasse of our Looke-ont was spent, we spied vndcr our Larbord-quarfcr one of their Boates '^'""'
with cert.iiae Negroes, and one I'ortugale in the Boate, wee would haue had him to come

abooril.

!> 11

'W|y|li

l.ii

614

T»o while
watch-houirs.

AIonitRtdcodo.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M, lames Welsh.

v;uitoiti.

Kiod(L«|ot.

Vcfy iliallow

WllCIf

Rio dc UjiL,

Rio Benin.

We*t»atd.

Ten fixHf wa-
ter kpan ihe
birtf of Rii>
dc llciiin.

aboord, but he would not. And ouer the castle vpon the hie rockea we did see as it might
be two watch-houses and they did shew very white : and we went eastnortheast.

The 4 in the morning we were thwart a great high hill, and vp into the lande were more
high ragged hilles, and those I reclconed tu be but little short of Monte Redondo. Then I
reckoned that we were 20 leagues Southeast-ward Trom the Mina, and at 11 of the clocke I
sawe two hilles within the land, these hils I take to be 7 leagues Trom the first hils. And to
sea-ward of these hilles is a bay, and at the east end of the bay another hill, and from the
hils the landes lie verie low. Wc went Eastnortheast, and East and by North 22 leagues, and
then East along the shore.

The 6 we were short of Villa longa, and there we met with a Portugall Carauell.

The 7 a faire temperate day, and all this day we road before Villa longa.

The 8 at noone we set saile from Villa longa, and ten leagues from thence we ankered
againe and stayed all that night in ten fadom water.

The 9 we set saile, and all alongst the shore were very thicke woodes, and in the after-
noonc we were thwart a riuer, & to the Eastward of the riuer a litle way oflT was a great
high biish-tree as though it had no leaues, and at night we ankered with faire and temperate
weather.

The 10 we set saylc and went East, and East and by South 14 leagues along the shoare,
which was so full of thicke woods, that in my iudgement a man should haue much to doe t»
passe through them, and towards night we ankeretl in 7 fadome with faire weather.

The 1 1 we say led East and by South, and three leagues from the sltore we had but 5 fadome
water, and ail the wood vpon the land was as euen as if it had beene cut with a paire of gar-
deners shccrcs, and in nmning of two leagues we descemed a high tuft of i^rees vpon the
brow of a land, which shewed like a Porpase head, and when wee came at it, it w<x; but part
of the lande, and a league further we saw a head-land very low and full of trees, ar.d a great
way from the land wc had very shallow water, then wc lay South into the sea, because of the
sands for to get into the deepe vtater, and when we found it deepe, we ankered in (iue fadnm
thwart the riuer of laya, in the riuers mouth.

The 12 in the morning we road still in the riuers mouth. This day we sent the pinnesse
and the bout • i land with the marchanlii, but they came not againe vntill the next morning;.
The shallowest part of this riuer is toward the West, where there is but 4 fadom and a halTc,
and it is very broad. The next morning came the boate aboord, and they also said it was
Rio de laya. Here the currant setteth Westward, and the Eastcrmost land is higher then the
Westcrinost.

Thursday the 13 we set saile, and l.-iy South Southeast along the shore, where the trees are
wondcrfull euen, and the East shore is higher then the West shore, and when wee had savled
18 Icague-i we had sight of a great riuer, then we ankered in three fadom and a halfe, and
the currant went Westward. This riuer is the riuer of Benin, and two leagues from the maine
it is very shallowe.

The 1.') >vc sent the boat and pinneiae into the riuer with the marchants, and after that we
set .saile, because we road in shallow water, and went Soulh.southeast, and the starbord tacke
aboord vntill we came to fiue fathom water, where we road with the currant to the Westward:
then came our boat out of the harbour and went aboord the pinnesse. The West part uf
the land was high browed much like the head of a Gurnard, and the Eastermost land was
lower, and had on it three tufts of trees like stackes of wheate or cornc, and the next day
in the morning we sawe but two of those trees, by reason that we went more to the East-
ward. And here we road still from the 14 of Februarie vntill the 14 of Aprill, with the
winde at Southwest.

The 16 of Februarie wc rode siill in 5 fadome, and the currant ranne still to the Westward,
the winde at Southwot, and the boat and pinnesse came to vs againe out of the riuer, and
told vs that there was but ten luute water vpon the barrc. All that night was drowsie, and
yet reasonable temperate.

The

M. lames Welsh.

TRAFTIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

61B

Sickfiftte
among ournici.

The 17 a close day the windeat Southwest. Our marchants wayed their gnods and put
tliein aboord the pinncs.sc to goe in*o the riuer, and there came a great currant out of the
riuer and set to the Westward.

The 18 the marchants went with the boat and pinnesse into the riuer with their commo-
tities. This day was close and drowsie, with thunder, raine and lightning.

The 2't a close morning and temperate, and in the afternoone the boat came to vs out of
the riuer from our marchants.

Twcsday the 4 of March, a close soultry hot morning, the currant went to the Westward,
and much troubled water came out of the riuer.

The 16 our pinnesse came a boord and Anthonie Ingram in her, & she brought in her 9t
bags of pepper, and 28 Elephants teeth, and the Master of her and all his company were
sicke. This was a temperate day and the winde at Southwest.

The 17. 18. and 19 were fairc temperate weather and the winde at Southwest. This day
the pinnesse went into the riuer againe, and carried the Purser and the Surgion.

The 21> of the said moneth 1589 we sent the boate into the riuer.

The 30 our pinnesse came from Benin, and brought sorowfull newes, that Thomas Hem-
stead was dead and our Captaine also, and she brought with her 159Ceron8or sackesof pep- ThtdMthof

,„, ,^.., ' " ^ ^ the Caplaine.

per and Elephants teeth. Pc,,pc, jc ei«.

Note that in all the time of our abiding here, in the mouth of the riuer of Benin, and in ph"n"t«th.
all the coast hereabout it is faire temperate weather, when the winde is at Southwest. And '"*
when the vinde is at Northeast and Northerly, then it raineth, with lightning and thunder,
and is very intemperate weather.

The 1.3 of Apriil 1589 we set saile homewards in the name of lesus. In the morning we
sayled with the winde at Southwest, and lay West and by North, but it prooued calmc all
that night, and the currant Southeast.

The I -^ the riuer of Benin was Northeast 7 leagues from the shore, and there was litle winde
and towards night calme.

The 17 a faire temperate day the winde variable, and we had of latitude foure degrees and
20 minutes.

The 25 a faire temperate day the winde variable, and here we had three degrees & 29
minuts of latitude.

The 8 of May we had sight of the shore, which was part of Cauo de Monte, but we did
not thinke we had beene so farre, but it came so to passe by reason of the currant. In this ^ "•""p^""
place M. Towrson was in like maner deceiued with the currant.

The 9 we had sight of Cauo de monte.

The 17 a darke drowsie day, this was the first night that I tooke the North starre.

The 26 a temperate day with litle winde, and we were in 12 degrees and 13 minutes of la-
titude.

The 30 we met a great sea out of the Northwest.

The G of lune we found it as temperate as if we had beene in England, & yet we were
within the height of the sunnc, for it was declined 23 degrees, and 26 roinuts to the North-
ward, and we had 15 degrees of latitude.

The 8 faire and temperate as in England, here we met with a counter sea, out of the South-
bonlc.

The 15 a faire temperate day, the winde variable, here wc had 18 degrees and fiftie nine
minutes.

The 12 of luly in 30 degrees of latitude wc met with great store of rockweed, which did Rockwtedar
stick tog. thcr like clusters of grapes, and this continued with vs vnlill the 17 of the said "J^Jthttilu
moneih, and then we saw no more, at which 17 day we were in two and thirtie degrees sixe
and fortie minutes of latitude.

The 25 at sixc of the clocke in the morning, we had sight of the Isle of Pike, it bare North
and by East from vs, we being 15 leagues oft".

The 'i7 wc spake with the poste of London and she told vs good newes of England.

The

I-

4 *

V'*'

(

:?■?:' I|''i'fe'

i n .niillfib: '-I, f il

616

Ir<.imi.i, » kind
of bread in
Benin.

Wide of palni
irect.

Abundsncr
cf Iioiiy.

Tliii prtrsrniA-

tlUC 11 »li>Ur III

It) listing; into
■ri ho^kliraJ til'
ft itc( *n \\if\i-
fiilut l...\.<jlt.
«« Itir author

Buld UKf

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Antonie Ingram,

Uutu in U<.t)in.

The nine and twentieth we had sight of the Island of Cueruo, and the 30 we saw the Island
of Fiores.

The 27 of August in 41 degrees of latitude we saw 9 saile of Britons, and three of them
followed vs vnfill noone, and then gauc vs oner.

The 30 we had sight of Cape Finisterre.

The eight of September at night wee put into Plimouth sound, and road in Causon bay all
night.

The 9 we put into Catwater and there stayed vntill the 28 of September, by reason of want
of men and sicknessc.

The nine and twentieth we set saj':; from Plimouth, and arriucd at London the second of
October 1589.

The -ninmodities that wc caried in this voyage were cloth both linnen & woollen, yron
workc ,;!' sundry sorts, Manillios or bracelets of copper, glasse bcades, and corrall.

The commodities that wc brought home were pepper and Elephants teeth, oyleof jialnip,
rioih made of Cotton wooll very curiously woiien, and cloth made of the barkc of jialmu
trees. Their monic is prctie white shcls, for goldc and siluer we saw none. They hauc :\!>n
great store of cotton growing : their bread is a kind of roots, they call it Inamia, and when
it is well sodden I would leaiie our bread to cat of if, it is pleasant in eating, and li^ht nf
(iigcstion, the rootc thereof is as bigge as a mans armc. Our men vpon (ish-dayes had rallicr
rate the roofes with oyle and vincger, then to eate gocxl stockfish. There are great store dl
palnu" trees, out of ♦he which they gather great store of wine, which wine is white and very
j)leasanl, & we shoui.. buy two gallons of it for 2() shels. They haue good store of sii|io,
and it smelleth like beaten \iolcts. Also many pretie fine mats and baskets that they make,
and spooncs of Elephants teeth very curiously wrought with diners proportions of foulcs and
beasts made v|)on them. There is vjjon the coast wonderfull great lightning and thunder,
in so much as 1 neucr hard the like in no Countrey, for it would make the decke or hatclus
trcMnble vndcr our Iccte, and before we were well accjuainted with if, we were fearefull, Ijiit
God be thanked wc had no h.irnie. The ])eo|ile are very gentle and louiiig, and they i;. o
naked bolli men and women vntill they be married, and then the\ goc coucrcd from the
middle downe to the knees. They would bring our men earthen poites of the qiiantitie . f
two <;allons, full of hony and hony combes for 100 shelles. Thev would also bring great
store of Oranges and I'lantans which is a fruit that groweth vpon a tree, and is very like \iii.)
a Cucumber but very pleasant in eating. It hath pleased God of his merceifull goodne-so
to giiie nic the knowled:;e how to preserue fresh water with little cost, which did serue \>i
si\e moncths.it the sea, i^- when we came into Flimmouth it was much wondered at, of ilu-
principal men of the towne, who said that there was not sweeter water in any spring; in I'li-
nioiitli Tims doth God prouidc for his creatures, vnto whom be praise now and for eiur-
inore. Amen.

The voiagc set forth bv M. I.ihn Newton, and M. lohn Hird marcliants of London to
the kinsdnnie and Citie of Benin in Africi, with a ship called the Hichard of
Arundell, ami a |)innesse. in the \ere I jS8. bricfely set downe in this letter fol-
lowing, wrillen bv the cliiefe Factor in the Miyage to the foresaid Manhants at
the time of the ships first arriuall at riimouth.
WOrshiijful Sirs, the discourse of our whole proceeding in this voyage wil aske more time
and a person in belter hcalili then 1 ain at this present, so that I (riist you will |)ardoi'. me,
till mv comining \p to you : in tlii- mi-ane time let this bulfne. WluTeas we departed in liie
inoneth of Deccinher from the ' nist ol England with your good ship tlie Michard of Annulell
and the |)innes. . we held on otir ilireci ct)urse towanls our ajipointed port, and the 14 d.iy
ol Eebruarie fdlowinu; we iirriu'.l in the iiauen of ISL-nin, where we foi.nd not w.iicr eniiiii;li
to (arrv the >hip ouer tiie l);irre, s) that we left her without in tiu- road, and with the pin-
iK'sse iV ship I) lat, into vsliic a we li.iil put the ( liiere--t i>\ oiu" marcliadise, we went \p llic
riuer to a place called Goto, wiicre we arriucd the 20 of February, tlic foresaid Goto bein.;

the

Antonie Ingram.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

617

the nearest place that we could come to by wafer, to go for Benin. From thence we pre-
sently sent Negroes to the king, to certifie him of our arriuall, and of the cause of our com-
ming thither : who relumed to vs againe the 22 day with a noble man in their company to
bring vs vp to the Citie, and with 200 Negroes to carrie our commodities : hereupon the 23
day we deiiucrcd our marchandize to the kings Factor, & the 25 day we came to the great
Citie of Benin, where we were well intertaincd: The sixe & twenty day we went to the Theste.tcUieoi
Court to haue spoken with the king, which (by reason of a solemnc feast then kept amongst "'"'
them ) we could not doe : but yet we spake with his Veadorc, or chiefe man, that hath the
dealing with the Christians : and we conferred with him concerning our trading, who an-
swered vs, that we should haue all things to our desire, both in pepper and Elephants teeth.
The first of March, we were admitted to the kings presence, and he made vs the like cour-
teous answere for our traffike : the next day we went againe to the Court, where the foresaid
Veadore shewed vs one basket of greene pepper, and another of dry in the stalkes : wee de-
sired to haue it plucked from the stalks and made cleanc, who answered, that it would aske
time, but yet it should be done : and that against another yecre it should be in better rea-
dines, & the reason why we found it so vnprepared was, because in this kings time no Chris-
tians had eucr resorted thither, to lade pepper. The next day there were sent vs 12 baskets,
and so a lille euery day vntill the i) of March at which time we had made vpon 64 serons of
pepper, and 28 Elephants teeth. In this time of our being at Benin (our natures at this
first time not so well acquainted with that climate) we fell all of vs into the disease of the
feuer, whereupon the Captainc sent me downe with those goods which we alreadie had re-
ceiued, to the rest of our men at Goto : where being arriued, I found all the men of our
pinnesse sicke also, and by reason of their weaknes not able to conuey the pinnesse and
goods downe to the place where our ship road : but by good hap within two houres after my
comming to Goto, the boate came vp from the ship, to sec how all things stood with vs, so
that I put the gocxls into the boat, and went downe towards the ship: but by that time I was
come aboord, many of our men died : namely. Master Benson, the Cooper, the Carpenter,
& .'Jor 4 more, & my selfe was also in such a wcake state that I was not able to retume againe
ft) Benin. Whereupon I sent vp Samuel Dunne, and the Chirurgian with him to our men,
that were about to let them blood, if it were thought needful! : who at their comming to
Benin, found the Captaine and your sonne William Bird dead, and Thomas Hempsteede very
weake, who also died within two dayes after their comming thither. This sorro.wfull accident
caused them \sith such pepper and teeth, as they could then find, speedily to retume to the
ship, as bv the Cargason will appeare: at their comming away the Veadorc tolde them, that
if they could or would stay any longer time, he would vse all possible expedition to bring in
more commodities : but the common sicknesse so increased and continued amongst vs all,
that by the time our men which remained were come aboord, we had so many sicke and dead
of our cumpanie, that we looked all for the same happc, and so thought to loose both our
"ihip, life, countrey and all. Very hardly and with mucli adoe could we get vp our ankers,
but yet at the last by the mercie of God hauing gotten them vp, but leaning our pinnesse
bchinde vs, we got to sea, and set saile, which was vpon the 13 of Aprill. After which by
little and little our men beganne to gather vp their cnmis and to rccouer some better strength :
and so sailing betwixt the Hands of Cape Verde, and the mainc we came to the Islands of
the Azores vpon the 25 of luly, where our men beganne a fresh to grow ill, and diuers died,
among whom Samuel Dun was one, and as many as remained liuing were in a hard case: but
in the n»id>t of our dislresse, it fell so wcl out, by Gods good prouidence, that we met with
your ship the Barke Burre, on this side the North rape, which did not only keepe vs good
cdpanie, but a!>o sent vs sixe fresh men aboord, without whose helpe, we should surely haue
lasted of many inconueniences. But by this good meancs we are now at the last arriued in
I'limotith, this 9 day of September : and for want of better health at this time, I referre the
further knowledge of more particularities, till my comming to London.

Yours to commaund
Anthony Ingram.
VOL. II. 4 K The

I ' w

',>>

'I"

if
I

ir,

618

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

M. lames irehh.

■Xl

[f I

^< ' ■ ) w Alii )

A tfkf n of I

Noriherljr

wind*.

Omttumnti.

'lure rock*.

A Frrmh ihip
•I liunflruT.

C-diodc lai

The second voyage to Benin, set foorth by Master lohn Newton, and Master lohn Bird
Marchants of London in the yccre 1590 with a ship called the Richard of Aruii-
dell of the burthen of one hundreth tiinncM, and a small pinnesse, in which
voyage Master lames Welsh was chiefe Maister.

The third of September 1590 we set saile from Hatclife, and the 18 of the said moneth wc
lamc into Piimouth sound, and the two and twentieth we put to sea ajtaine, and at niidniulu
we were ofl' the Lisart, and so passed on our voyage vnlill tho 14 of October, on which il;u
we had sii;lit of Fortcucntura one of the Canarie Islands, which appeared very ranged as wi'
sailed by it.

The 1(5 of October, in the latitude of '.H degrees and nine minutes wc met with a j;rcai
hollow sea, the like whereof I neuer saw on ihis coast, and this day there came to the slii[n
:-ide a monstrous great tish (I thinke it was a Gobarto) which put vp his head to the stiTpc
tubs where ^ cooke was in shifting the victuals, who I thought the lish would hauo (aricd
away.

The 21 in this latitude of 18 degrees we met with a countersea out of the North boon!,
and the last voyage in this very place we had the countersea out of the South, being very
calme weather as now it is also.

The 24 wc had sight of Cauo Verde, and the 25 we met with a great hollow sea out of ihe
North, which is a common signe that the wiiule will be Northerly, and so it prooued.

The 15 of Nouember we met with three currants out of the West and Northwest, one afiiT
another, with an houres time betweenc each currant This was in the latitude of (i dcfjrccs
and 42 minutes.

The 18 day we met with two other great currants out of the Southwest, and the 20 we sa\\
another current out of the Northeast, and the 24 we had a great current out of the Southsoutli-
west, and at of the docke towards night we had ',i lurrenis more.

The 27 we thought that wc had gone at the least 2 leagues and a lialfe cuery watch, and it
fell out that we sailed but one league euery watch for the space of 24 hours, by ineanes of a
great billow and current that came still out of the South.

The 5 of December in setting ihe watch we cast about and lay Kast Northeast, and Norili-
east, and here in 5 degrees and a halfe our pinnest>e lost vs wiU'ully.

The 7 at the going downe of the Sonne wc saw a great blacke s|)ot in the Sunne, and the
8. dav both at rising and setting wc saw the like, which spot to our seeming was aboiii ihc
bignes.sc ol'a shilling, being in 5 degrees of latitude, and still there came a great billow out
of the southcrboonl.

The 14 we sounded and had 15 fadom water and urovse red sand, and 2 leagues from ihc
shore ihe currant set Southeast along the shore wilii a billow still out of the southerboord.

The !."> we were thwart a rocke somewiut like tiie Mewstone in Kngland, it was 2 Ic.iiiiics
from vs, here wc soundwl anil had 27 fadom, but the rocke is imi ahoiie a mile from the ■.huic,
and a mile farther we saw another rocke, and bctwee.ic them botii broken ground; here wc
suiinded and Irid but 20 fadome and blickc sand, and we might sec plaine tiiat the rot kc>
went not along the shore, but from the land to the seawaril, and about 5 leagues to liie South-
ward we sawe a great bay, here we liad 4 degrees and 21 iniiiuls.

The hi wc met with a French •hifi of iliiiifleur, wlio robbed our pinnesKe, we sent a Ici-
tcr bv him, and this night wc saw another s|)oi in ilic Miniic at his going downe. And in-
wards eueniiig we were thwart of a riiier, and right oner the finer was a high tuft of trees.

The 17 wc ankered in the riucrs niMitli, and liu-ii we found the land to l)c Cauo tie l.i*
Palinas, and betweenc sn & the cape was a great led^e of rockes, one league and a halle
into the sea, and they bare to the West of the C.ipc, wc saw also an Island oil' the point of the
foreland, thus it waxed night that we could periciue no ntore of the landc, but onely that
it trended in like a bay, where there runneth a strcame as if it were in the riiier of Thames,
and tiiis was the change day of the Mo'iiie.

The 19 a fairc temperate day, and the wind Soutii, wo went Kast, aii<l the land* a stcnie

M. lames Welsh.

M. lames IVehh.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIUS.

(iin

id Master lohii Bird
c Uichanl of Ariin-
pinnesse, in whicii

8 of the said moncth we
agninc, and at niidnii;iii
■ October, on wiiiiii day
cared very ranged as wi-

uies xve met with a j;riMi

y there eamc to the shi|)<

|> his head to the sleejic

lish would hauc ( aritil

out of the North boonl,
if the South, being very

;rcal hollow sea out of the
and so it prooued.
and Northwest, one afiir
the latitude of () denrci^

hwest, and the *iO we sa\»
ent out of the Southsoiitl\-

n halfe cuery watih, and if
24 hours, liy meanes t.f a

Kasf Northeast, and Norili-

ipot in the Sunne, and ilic

lur seeming was about the

re tame a great billow cut

, and '2 leagues from ilu
ut of the southerboord.
Knuland, it was *i Icarus
)oue a mile from the shun',

broken ground; here \m
sec plaine thai the roiki'>
)Ut b leagues to the Souili-

\T pinneiwe, wc sent a lii-
s going downe. And t(i-
was a high tuft of lre« •<.
ic land to be Cauo dc lis
, one league and a halle
1 Island olf the point of tin-
the landc, but onely that
L-re in ti»e riuer of Tiianu-s,

isi, and liic land* a stenie
of

of vs West, and it shewed low by the waterside like hiands, thisw.X'f ihc E.ist of Cauo de las
Pnlmas, and it trended in with a great sound, and wc went East all night, and in the morning
wee were but 3 or 4 leagues from the shore.

The 20 we were thwart of a riuer called Rio dc los Barbos. Bu.aMo.UJi-

The2l wc went along the shore East, & ii or 4 leagues to the West of Cauo de tres puntas,
I find the bav to be set deeper then it is by 1 leagues, and at 4 of the clocke the land begun
toshewc high, and the first part of it full of I'alnie trees.

The 24 still going bv the shore, the land was very low and full of trees by the waterside,
and at 12 of the rlocke wc ankered thwart of the riuer called, Kio dc Boilas. Here we sent Ki.i.ir Jo.ui
our boate a shore with the niarchants, but they dinst not put into the riuer because t)f a fiyvM
billow that continually brake at the cnli'rance vp<in the barre.

The 2S we sailed aiongst the shore, and ankered at night in seucn fadoin because a great
current would hauc put vs backc, which came from the East Southeast from PapuM. PipuM.

The yi) at noone we were tliwart of Arda. and there wc tooke a (-'arauel but the men were aiJU.
tied on land, then we went aboord her, but sh« had nothing in her but only a litlc oyle of
Palme trees, and a few roots. The next morning our Captaine and marchants went to meetc
Portugals, that came in a l)oatc to speake with vs, where they communed about the buying of
the Carauell of our men againe, and the Portugals promised that wcshoidd hauc for the Ca-
i-aucll, ceriainc bullocks and Elephants teeth, and they gauc vs one tooth and one bullocke
presently, and sayd they would bring vs the rest the next day.

The lirst of lamiaric our Captaine went on land to speake with the Portugales, but when itnuint.
he saw they did dissemble, he came aboord .igaine, and presently we vnrigged the Carauell,
and set her <in (ire before the towne. Then wc set saile and went along the coast, where wc
saw a Date tree, the like whereof is not in all that coast vpon the water side, also wc fell on
ground a liilc in one place : Thus we went to Villa longa, and there ankered. Viiuimin.

The third we were as far shot as Itio <le I.agoa, where our niarchants went ashore and vpon RiodcUgoi.
the barre they found .'i f'adom flat, but they went not in because it was late. There is also
to the Eastward of this riuer a Date tree higher than all the rest of the other trees thereabout.
Thus we went along the coast, and euery night ankered, & al the shore as wc went w.is full
of trees and thickc woods.

The (i day in the morning it was very foggy, so that wc could not see the land, and at
three of the docke in the al'ternoone it cleared vp, & then wc foiuid our seines thwart of the
riuer of lava, and when we found the shallow water, wc bare into the sea South, as we did Thf liuftof
the voyage before, and came to an ancre in line fadom water. The next day wc set saile'''"'
againe, and lowanls noone we were thwart of the riuer of Benin in foiire fadom water. Be'niJi'. '" "'

The It) day our Captaine went on land with the shallop at 2 a clockc in the afternoone.
All this weeke it was very foggy euery day \ntill ten a docke, and all this time hitherto
hath beene as temperate as our summer in Engbntl. This day we went into the road and
ankered, iSc the west point of the road bare East northeast off vs, wee riding in foure Ihdome
water.

The 21 a f.iirc temperate day, this day M Hassald went to the townc of Goto, to hearc Goto,
ncwes of the Ca|)laine.

rhe2,'{ came the C.iruicll, and Samuell in her, and she brought iV.i Elephants teeth, ai"l !J^''^ ^,h teei"
ihrre linllocks, .buuiJ.

The 2H a I'aire temperate day, and towards night there fell much raine, lightning, and
ihuiuler. tliis day our boate came aboord front (ioto.

The 24 of Februarie, wc tooke in 2i>8 Cerons or sackes of pepper, and 4 Elephants teeth, »9«."ik><.i
and the winde wa> at Southeast. .Vnd the 2(( we put the rest of our goods into the Carauell, '*'''"'
and M. Ilassald went with her to Cioto.

The 5 of Marcli { Caranel came againe &■ brought 21 Cerons of j>epper, & 4 Elephants
(ccth

4 K 2 The

J.'i

■1

■ »•

■ I,
'1

T
1

I \\i

k 1

(MO

TkrH ipouii.

Thejr niurncd
konKwud.

Weitfntd
!■ cantftaj cf
tpilM.

Canio.

It II more
ffnjjieritf vn-
drt the raut-
nudiill, then
on ihr ctMst '.(
Guiiiir It Benin,

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. lamti Wthh.

The 9 of Aprill our Carauell came aboord with water ro> our prouiaion for the «ea, and
this day also we lost our shallope.

The'17 a drowsie rainie day, and in the afternoone we saw 3 great npoutcs orraine, two
on our larbord side, and one right with the ships head, but God be thanked, they came not
at vs, and this day we tooke in the last of our water for the sea, and the S6 wc victualed our
Carauell to go with vs to the sea.

The 27 we set saile to goc homewarde with the windc at Southwest, and at two a clockc
in the afternoone, the riuer of Benin was Northeast 8 leagues from vs.

The S of May we had such a terrible gust with raine, lightning & thunder, that it torr
and split our fore saile, and also the Carauels fore-sayle and maine-sayle, with the wind at
Southeast.

The 13 a fhire temperate day, much like our sommer mornings in England, being but
one decree 8t a halfe from the line, but at midnight we had a crucll gust of raine, k tht
wind at northeast.

The 24 we were South from Cauo de las Palmas 37 leagues.

The first of luly wc had sight of the Hand of Braua, and it bare East 7 leagues ofT, and
this Island is one nf the Islands of Cauo Verde.

The 13 of August we spake with the Quecncs ships, the Lord Thomas Howard being
Admirall, and sir RichanI Gn-eneuill Viceadmirall They kept vs in their company viuill
the 15 day at night, themsciues lying a hull, in waight for purchase 30 leagues to the South-
west of the Island of Flores.

The 15 we had leaue to depart with a Hy-bnat laden with sugar that came from Sant Thome,
which was taken by the Queenes ships, whereof my Lord Admirall gaue me great charge, not
to leaue her vntill she were harbored in England.

The three and twentieth the Northeast part of the bland of Coruo bare ofT vs East and bv
South sixe leagues off

The 17 of September we met with a ship of Plimnulh that came out of the West Indies
but she could tell vs no newcs. The next day we had sight of another sayle, this day aUd
one of our company namc«l M. Woo<l died.

The 23 wc spake with the Dragon of my Lord of Cumberland, whereof Master luie was
MaLxter.

The second of October we met with a ship of New-castle which came from NewAnmd.
land, and out of her we had 30() couple of Nrwland fish.

The G we li.-id sight yf Sillie, and with raine and winde we were forced to put into S. Maries
soiMul, where westaied all night, and 4 dares after.

The It v.e set Kiile againe, and romming out had three Htdom v|)on the barre at a high
wafer, then we lay out Stiutheast, through Crow. sand, and shortly after we had sight of iht
lands cml, and at ten of the clockc we were thwart of the Lysart.

The 13 we were put info Dartmouth, and there we stjvd vntill the 12 of December Vnm
thence wc put out with the windc at West, and the IS of December, God be praised, wcan-
kered at Liniehousc in the Thames, where we discharge*! 5H9 sacks of Pepper, 150 Elephant*
teeth, and .'{2 barrels of oilc of Palme trees.

The commiKliiies that we caricd out thi.s second vi'>yage were llroad cloth, Kersies, Ba\e«i.
Linneii i loth, Yron vnwrought. Bracelets of C()i>pcr, Curall, Hawks belles, Horeetailes, liais,
and such like.

This voyage was more <omrortal)lc vnto vs then the fir«t, because we had good store of
fresh water, and that very sweet: for as yet we haue very good water in the shippe which
wc brought out of the riuer of Benin the first day of -April! Mi'iX. and it is at this day (being
the 7 of lune lJ'J2. ) to be seen aboord the ^hiJ> as ilcarc and as sweet as any lountainr
canyeeld.

In this voyage we sailed ^IM Ita^jucs within halfe a degree of the equinoctial! line, and
there we funiul it more temperate, than where wr rode. And vnder the line wee did kill
great store of small Dolphiiies, and many other good fishes, and so did wc all the way, whirh

was

•e East 7 leagues ofT, and

uo bare ofT v9 East ami by

The ttate of Angola.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

621

was a very great refreshing vnto vs, and the fish neuer forsooke vs, vntil we were to the North-
wards of the Hands of Azores, and then we could sec no more fish, but God be thanlced wee
met with good company of our countrey ship* which were great comfort vnto vs, being fiuc
moneths before at Sea without any companie.

By me lames Welsh master of the Richard of Arundell, in
both these voyages to the riuer of Benin.

An Aduertiscment sent to Philip the second Icing of Spainc from Angola by one
Baltazar Almeida de Sousa, ;ouciiing the state of the foresayd countrey, written
the 21 of May, 1691.

THe 26 of hily I certified your maicstic by lohn Frere de Bendanha your maiesties
pay-master and commissioner, with the gouernour Paulo Dias, which is lately deceased, PiuioDiii
of all things that happened the 28 of December in the ycre last past 1690. Now 1 thought J°",X°"' °'
it conuenient to aduertise your maieslic what hath fallen out since that time, which is as
foloweth. The gouernour Luis Serrano encamped himselfe eight leagues from Cabasa, where the
Negro king dwcllcth with 360 Portugal souldiers : & afterward being there encamped, it
hapned that the king of Matamba sent a strong and mightic army, & in warlike maner, with The kini of
strange inuentions for the sayd purpose. So the king of Angola gaue this other king battcll, JJ""p™J"' j,
and the gouernour sent 1 14 souldiers Porlugals to heipe the said king of Angola : in which iiiia in AnioU.
battcll it was the will of God that our nrmy was ouerthrowen and all slaine, as well our
Purtugals as the Moorcs which tooke p:irt with them. So with this ouerthrow it happened
that this rcalme the second time hath rebelled against your maiestie. Hereupon the Go-
uernour assembling the rest of his Portugall souldiers, to the number of 250 altogether, went
to Amasanguano, which is now his place of abode. Moreouer, besides the manifold losses Amiuniuino
which haue befallen the Portugal* in this rcalme, your maiestie hath sustained other great ibodru/ujoU.
misfortunes boih in your lands and goods. And because I cannot personally come to certifie
your maiestie thereof, I thought it gocxl to write some part of the same whereby vour ma-
iestie may vnderstand the estate of this countrey. This rcalme, for the most part thereof
halh twisc bene wonne, and Iwise lost for want of good gouernment. For here haue bene
many gouernours which haue pretended to do iustice, but haue pitifully neglected the same,
and practised the cicane contrary. And this I know to be most true. But the onely way '^< <»>>/ ^^y
to recoucr this realmc, and to augment your majesties lands, goods and tre.isure, must be wf'o'lrs'kfni!"
by sending some noble and mighty man to rule here, which must bring authoritie fro your ■'<""""• ••*-
maiestie, and by taking streight order that cuery captaine which doeth conquere here may ''"°""
bee rewarded atcordiug to his deserts. Likewise your maiestie must send hither 2000
good souldiers, with nuinilion and sufficient store of prouision for them. And by this means
your highnesse shall know what yeerely rcucnue Angola will yeeld vnto your coders, and
what profit will grow thereof Otherwise your maiestie shall reape but litle benefit here. If
with my presence 1 may doc your maiestie any seruice in giuing information of the state of
this rcalme, as one which haue had experience thereof, and haue seene the ortlcr of it, vpon
the vndersianding of your maiesties pleasure herein, I will doe my best indeuour. And the Ad viuji itkk
cause wherefore I haue not done this heretofore hath bene, by reason that the Gouernours of ^i**** '"""■
this rcalme would sutler none of the captaines which haue conquered this countrev to in-
forme your maiestie of that which is ncedfull for your seruice, and the augmenting of this
conquest. Our lord preserue your catholi(|ue person with increxse of many kitigdomes, and
the augmentation of youre crowne. Written in the conquest of the rcalme of Ancola the 21
of .May 1591. *"

Your maiesties most loiail subiect,

Baltazar Almeida de Souz:i

A true

'^V.

'^^^ :!^.^

m P

639

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Portugal vuiujie

A tnie discounc written (ni w thought) by Colonel Antonie Winkfleld emploied
in the voia^e to Spainc and Poriiigall, I58*J. xriit to hirt particular Friend, & by
him publiiihcd Tor the better ftatislurtion of all xnrh n^ hauing bene deduced by
particular report, haue rntred into conrcili* tending U> the dincredite of the en-
terprise and Actorx of the name.

ALthough the desire of aduanring my reptitation caused me to withstand the many per-
swasions you vscd to hold me at home, & the pursuilc of honorible actii ns drew mc (ton-
trary to your expectation) to neglect that aduise, which in louc I know \«u gaui mc: yet
in respect of the many assurances you haue yeeldcd nice of your jjudcsl friendship, I can-
not suspect that you will cither louc orestcemc me llie Icsse, at this my rcturne: and ihcrc-
fore I wil not oiiiit any occasion which may make me appcarc lliankfuil, or discharge niiv
part of that ductic I owe you; which now is none other then m oHir you a true discourse how
these warres of Spaine and I'ortugall haue p:iitscd since our goinu' out of Rngland the IH «[
Aprill. till our rcturne which was the first of luly. Wlierem I wil (vnder your fauourahle
pnrdi>n) for your fiinhcr salisfactioi:, as well make relation of th(<sc rcasotix which conlirnu'd
uic in my purpose of going abroad, as of these accidents which iiaiic happened during our
aboad there; thereby hoping to pcrswade you (tiat no light fansie did drawe me from llic
fruition of your dearest friendship, but an earnest desire by following the warren to make
my sclfe more woorthv tif the >ame.

Ilauing therefore dcierminatciv purposed to put on this habite of a ^ouldier, I grew diiublfiiil
wlu'tlicr to employ my time in y w,irs of the low Countries, which are in auxiliarie maner
maintained by her maiestic, or to folow the fortune of this voiage, uhich was an aduentiirc
of her and many himorablc personai;es, in reuenge of vnsiipportable wrongs oMcrcd vniu
the estate of our countrc\ by the C'a'iiliau king : in arguing whereof, I find that by hdw
much the chalen^er is reputed berorc ihc delcndant, by so much is llie iourney to b- prc-
Icrrcd before those dcfciisiiic wars. For had llic duke of I'arnia his turne bene In drtciui,
as it was his good forlinie to iiiuade ; from whence i ouhl iiaue proceeded that glorious hoiidr
which these Jale warres haue laid vpon him, rir wli.ii coul>l haue bene said more of him, then
of a Kespondcnt (though neiier so valiant) in a |>riii;ilo Durll : Kuen, thai he hath doiu- no
nuire then b\ his lioiw)r he was tied vnlo. Kor tlie gaiiir of ofie lovsnr or anv small defeat
giueth more renoumc to the Assailant, llien the defence tif a coiinlrey, <ir the withstaiidiiii;
of Iwentie encoiinlers can \eeld any man who is bound bv his place lo guard the sairc
whereof as well the particulars of our age, cs|)e<i:illy in the .Spntiiard, as the report-i of lor-
mer histories may assure vs, which haNc still laied the fame ol all warres vpon the Intiailcr.
And do not ours in these dayes line obscured in Klatiders, either not haiiing wherewiihall t.i
manage any warre, or not putting on armes, but to defend iheselues when the enemie sIkiII
procure them ? Whereas in this short lime of our Aduentiire, we haue wim a lowiir In
escalade, battercil & assaulted another, ouerthroweit a migh'ie priiu'es power in llie field,
landed our arinie in 3 scueral places of his kingdom, inarche*! 7 dayes in the he art of hi,
country, lien three night.s in the suburbs of his principall ciiie, beaten his forces info the s.^'li'''
thereof, and posscs.sed two of his frontier forts, as shall in discourse thereof more partiui-
larly appeare : whereby I conclude, that going with an Inuadcr, and in such an action as em r\
day giueth new experience, I haue much to vaunt of, that inv fortinicdid rather carv me tliitlirr
then into the wars of Flanders. Notwithstanding the vehement pcr'.wasions jouvsed with me to
the contrary, the grounds whereof siihence voii receiued them from others, you must ^ine
me Icaue to acquaint you with the error vou were led into by the, who labouring to hriiii;
the world into an opinion that it stood more with the safetic of our estate to bend all our
forces against the prince of I'arnia, then to folow this action by looking into llie true effects of
this iourney, will iudicially conuiiue tlieinselues of niisiakiiig the matter. For, may the
(oiu)uest of these countries a ;ain>l the prince of I'arma be thought more easie for vs alone
now, then the defence of them was 1 1 vcere.s ago, with the men and nionev of the Queciie

i .

The Portugal voUtfie

'inkficid cmploied

Hilar friend, & hy

bene Hcduccd by

rrcditc of the en-

vithstand tlir many per-
' aclic iiM drew me (con»
now \iiu paui mo: ycf
iidcsl rriendship, I can-
my relume: and iIutc-
Dkl'iill, cr ditrliarge :inv
you n true discourse how
K ol En){land the 18 of
(vndcr your fauouralile
reasotiH »»hith contiriiu'd
ic h.ippe-ncd during (nir
r (lid (Iniwe me from ilic
wing tlie warreit (o make

Kouldier, I grew doublfiill
1 are in auxiliarle niancr

which was an aduenliirc
table wronj;" olVcrcd vnin
[■reof, 1 (ind that by linw
is the iourncy to b- prc-
his tiirne bene to drii-iu!,
•ecdrd that glorious honor
IIP said more of him, then
irn, th:il he hath done iki
lowne or any small defeat
Iro, or the *»ithstaiidiiii;
il:)(0 lo gnard the "an'c
iard, as the reports «( loi •
warres vpon the Imwulcr.
ol hailing »hcre»\ilhall i..
lies when the enemic ^lKlll
wc liaiie won a tuwnc In
rinces pnwer in llie (icld,
[laves in the h( art of lii-
eii his iones into the !.',:iI(n
ir«c thereof more partiiu-
I in sU( h an action as ciins
cdid rather cary mc thither
wasions j <m \ scd with me to
roni others, y<Mi must nine
whd labouring to lirinn

iir estate to bend all our
.ing into tlic true elVects of
tlie mutter. For, may the
j;ht more easic for vs alone

and money of the (iueenc
of

77ie Portugal votafff. TnAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

of England f the power of the Monsieur of France ? the aaMistance of the principal states
i)f Germanic ? and the nobiliiie of their owne country? Could not an armic of more then
fW(NH) horNe, & almost 30(XN} fnoi, beat Don lohn dc Austria out of the countroy, who was
powemted of u very few frontier towncs f & shall it now be laid vpon her maiestics
(thoiilders to remoue so mightic ati enemie, who hath left \h but '.i whole parts of 17 vn-
conquered ? It is not a ionrney of a few moneths, nor an auxiliarie warrc of few yecres that
can damnific the Kiii'; of Spaine in those |)Iace» where we shall meet at euery 8 or 10 miles
end with a towne, which will cost more the winning then will yeerely pay 4 or'j thousand
mens wages, where all the counlrey is quartered by riueri» which haue no passage vnfortified,
and where most of the best souldiers of (,'hristendom that be on our aduersc parly be in
pcnsi(/n. Hut oin' armie, which halh not co>l her maiestie much aboue the third part of one

iiTres expenses it *he Low rountrics, halh already spoiled a great part of the prouision he
lad made at the (iroine of all sories, for a new voyage into F.ngland; burnt H of his ships,
whereof one w:»s ^ second in the last veres expedition called S. Iiian de Colorado, taken fro
him abuiic l.jO |)ie('c.4 of good nrlilferie; cut olV more then (U) hulks and f2U French ships
wcl maned fit and rcadie to seme him for men of war against vs, laden for his store with
come, victuals, masts, cables and other inarchandizes; slainc and taken the principal men
of war he had in Cialitia; made Don IVdro Enriques dc Gusinan, Conde de Fiicntes, Ccne-
rall of his forces in I'orlugall, shanierully run at I'eniche; laid along of his best Commaiiderit
in Lisbon; and by these few adiienliire- iliscouercd how easily her maiestie may without any
great aduenture in sh(irt lime pull the Tirant of the world vpon his knees, as wel by the dis-
ipiieling Ins \surpali()n <>! I'orliiL;all as without diflicullie in keeping the commodilic of his
Lidies from him, by sending an iriny so accomplished, as may not be subiect to those ex-
tremities which we haue endured: except he draw, for those defences, his forces out of the
Low C' unlries and disfiirnish his garisons of Naples iVr Milan, which with safetie of those
places he may not do. .\nd yet by this nieane he shall rather be enforced thereunto, the
by any (brce that can be vsed there against him : wherefore I directly conclude that this
proceeding is the most safe and necessary way to be held against him, and therefore more
importinu; tlien the war in the Low (ninilries. Yel halh the iourney (I know) bene much
misliked by s(ime, who eilhcr thinking loo worthily of the Spaniards valiire, too iiuliflcrently
of his purposes against \s, or loo vnwnrthily of them that vnderiooke this iourney against
him, dill tliinke it a tiling danj;eroiis to ene(.unlcr the Spaniard at his owne home, a thing
needle^so to proceed by iniia-ion an.iiiisl him, a thing of loo great moment for two subiects
of their quahiie lo vnclertake: And therefore did not so adunncc the beginnings as though
they hoped li r :iny godd successe iherof.

The ehance> of wars lie things niost vnceriaiiie: for what peo|>le soeuer vndertake them,
ihev are in deed as ehastisenients ap|)ointed h\ 'i<Kl lor the one side or the other. For which
purp: se it liat!i ple;i>((l him III glue some \ ill' ries to the Spaniards of laic yeeres against
s(inie whom he had in |)urpose to ru'.nc. Hut if we co:isider what wars they be that haue
ni.ide their name mi teriilJe. we stial lind them lo haiie bin none other then against the bar-
barous Moore., the ii.iked Indians, and the Mi.irmed Nelherlanders, whose yeclding rather
to the name tm- .ict of the Sp:uiiar(ls, hath put iIk in into such a conceit of their mightines,
•is they haue considenttly \:i(lerinken the ci ikjucsI of onr monarchie, consisting of a people
vniied & always held suiriciciiliy warlike: :igainst whom what siiccesse their inuincible army
luid the last yeere, as our very cliildrc:i can witness, so I doubt not but this voiage hath
siillieientiy mr.de kiKiwen what they are ciieii vpon thtir owne dinigliill, which, had it bene
set out in such sort as it wa> agreed vpon liv tiieir lirst deniaund, it might haue made our
ii:ition ihe most nlorioiis j)coplc of the world. For h;ith not the want of H of the I'l piece*
ol irt llrrie, wliich were promised vnio the Aihieuture, lost her m.iicstie the possession of
iiie (Jroiiie and 'nnny other places, as herc.iltcr sh.jlj appcare, whose defensible rainpires
uere y.reater then our bcitlerie (such ;is it w,'^ , luld force: and therefore were left vnat-
Icmpte.i >

It was also rcsolued lo haue sent (iOU l.nglish Iiorscs of the Low countries, whereof we

Ind

623

•1

'^1

■HI

I
V^ 1

1 M

'Ml

b ■

Mf VOYACJES. NAUIOATJONS. The Portugal votagr.

had not one, notwithmnndinK the j^reat ch.iijtm rKpciidrd in their traniportalion hither: and
that may the army ait>«embled at Piicnie dc nurj^od ihaiikr Ood of, m well a« the fonoi oi
Portiigall, who foreran vi 6 daie« tugethcr: Did we not want 7 of the l.'j old Companici,
which we Nhould haiic had frO thence ; fourc of the 10 Diitrh Companieit ; & (i of their muii
of war for the '<ea, from the IIollatulerH: which I may iusttly say wc wanted, in that we mJKhi
haiie had no many good iouldien*, ao many good thipx, and «o many able hudieit more ihrn
wc had ?

Did there not vpO the (Iwt thinlking of the iournry (liucr» gallant ('ouriicn put in thiir
namei for aduenturen to the Kumme of KNIOO ti. who Hccing it went forward in good eariicit
aduived thcm<iehie« belter, and laid the want of no much money vpon the iourncy f

Wax there not moreourr a round Hummc of the adnenture ipeut in IcuyinK* furniNhing, itini
maintaining •? monctha I50U men for the Heruice of Berghen, with which Companies th,
Mutinies (>rO»tend were Rupprefwed, a neruite of no -imal moment?

What misery the delrariing of the time of our setting out, which should haue bene ihc |
of February, did lay vpon vs, too many can wilnes : and what cxircmitie the want of tbi
inoneths victuals which we did eat, during the monclh wc lay at Pliinmouth for a tvind
might haue driucn vs vnto, no man can doiibt of, that knowcth what men do Uuc by, Ii4,|
not God giuen vs in the endc n more prosperous wind and shorter paiiage into Ualilia then
hath bene often seen, where our owne force &' fortune reuictuallcd w largely : of winch
crosse windes, that held vs two dayes after our going out, the (jcncrals being wearie, ihrun
to Sea in the same, wiNcly chu'-ing rather to attend the change thereof there, then by lirimj
in harborough to lose any part of the better, when it should come by hauiiig their mru on
shore: in which two dayes "i!* of our cimipanieM Nhippcd in part of the fleet were scatiard
from vs, either not being able or willing to double Vkhanl.

These burdens layed vpon our (ienerals before their going nut, they haue patiently i-ii-
dured, and I thinke they naue thereby mm h enlarged their honour: for hauing done ihii>
much with the want of our artillery, 000 hor»e, 3000 foul, 20000 li. of their aducnture.auj
one moneths victuals of their pro|>ortion, what may be conieclurcd they would haue (ii,nc
with their ful cOplement ?

For the losse of our men at sea, since wc can lay it on none but the will of God, whji
can be said more, then that it is \m pleasure to lurne all those impediments to the honor ii
them against whom they were intended: and he will still shew hiniselfe the l,ord of hi».|.t m
doing great things by the, whom many haue suught to obsi ure : whu if they had let iln
action fall at the height thereof in respect of those defects, vth'uh were such eapci iaily d r
the seruicc at land, as would haue made a mighty subicci stoopr vnder the, I do not see liii«
any man could iiislly haue layd any reproch vpon him who commanded the same, but rjihrr
haue lamented the iniquity of this time, wherein men whom forren countrii's haue for iluir
conduct in seniice worthily esteemed of, should not only in their owne countrey not he '.i'.
conded in their honorable cndeuors, but mightily hindred, euen to 5 im|)airing of ihnr
owne estates, which most willingly they haue aduentured for the ^ood of their couiiirio:
whrMC worth I will not value by my report, lest I should seem guiliie i>f flattery (whith nu
•oule abhorreth) & yet come short in the true measure of their praise. Unely lor your in-
slruclrO against them who had almost seduced you from the true opinion you hold of mkIi
men, you shall vnderstand that (iencrall Norris fro his bouke was trained vp in the wars (>r
the Admiral of France, and in very y<ing yeeres had charge of men vnder the eric ol Ksscx
in Ireland: whirli with what coinmend.itions he then discharged, I leaiie lo the rcfMiri <!'
Ihem who ob-erued those seruices. ^■pon the breach betwixt Don lohn & the Slates, lie \m>
made Colonell generall of all ^ Knj;lish forces there present, or to rome, which he <»niimuil
S yeeres: he was then made Marsliall of the field vnder Conte Ilohenio: and after that, (iciic-
ral of the armv in Fiisland: at his cumin;; home in the lime of Monsieurs gdiiernnieni i.i
Flanders, he was made lord I're->ident of Monster in Ireland, which lie yet holdetli, from
whence within one vere he was sent for, & sent (iencrall of the I'liglish forces which her ma-
iestie the lent to the Low countries, which he held til the erle of Leice.->tcrs going ouer. Ami

The Porlunat volagr.

The Portugal volage. TRAFFIQIJES, AND DISCOUF.niES,

he wan made Manihnll nr ihc field in HnKlnnd, the enemy being vpon nur coant, and when it
wa« rx peeled the rrowne of Knj^land iihould hniie bene tried by battel. A! which placeA of
rommandement which neiier any KiiKJithman xuccewiiiely altaine<l vnfo in foiren wan, and
the high place* her maiesiio hail thmijjht him woorihv of, may Huflke to pcntwade you, that
he wasi not altogether vnlikelv to discharge that which he vndcrlooke.

What fame geiural Drake halh gotten by his ioumey about the world, by hiH aduenturea to
the weHt IndicH, k the ncourgcn he halh laid vpon the Spaniith nation, | le;uie to the Soiitherne
parN to Hpcnkc of, it refer you to The Booke extant in our own lang\iagc treating of J wme,
& beseech v"U considerin>{ the waighty matters they haue in all the course of their liuen with
wonderl'iill reputation managed, thai you wil estccme them not wel informed of their pro-
ceedings, that thinke them insnlVu lent to passe through that which they vndertooke, espe-
cially hiiuing gone thus far in the view of the world, through so many incombrances, k dis-
appointed of those agreements which led them J rather to vndertake the scruice. Hut it may
be you wil thinke mo heroin either to much opinionated of the voiage, or conceited of the
Commanders, ^ labouring thus carncstiv to ailuancc the opinion of them both, haue not so
much as touched any p.irt of the misoniers, weaknes Se wants that haue bene amongst vs,
whereof ihey that returned did plentifully report. Tnic il is, I haue conceiued a great opinion
of the iotuney, & do thinke honoral)ly of the Commanders: for we find in greatest antiqui-
ties, lh;it many Comniandors haue bone recciucd home with triumph for lesse merite, &
that our owne countrev halh honored men heretofore with admiration for aduentiircs vnequal
to this: it might ihcrdnre in ihoso d;iieM haue seemed superfluoiiH to extend any mans com-
mend:itions bv particular remenilirances, for that ihon all men were ready to giue euery
man his due. But 1 hold it mo"! necessary in these dales, siihenco euer)' vertue tindeth her
direct opposite, A: actions woorthy of nil memory are in danger to be eniiiously obscured,
to denounce the prayses of the nclioii, and actors to the ful, hut yet no further then with
sinceritie of frueth, Ik not without griciiini; at the injury of this time, wherein is enforced a
necessilic of .\po|iij;ies lor those men & matters, which all former times were accustomed
to entertaine with the uroatest applause that might be. But to answerc the reports which
haue bene giuon out in repro.nch of the actors and action b) Hiich as were in the same: let
no man thinke otiierwise, but that they, who fe;iring the casuall accidents of war had any
purpose of returning, did first adiiise of some occasion that should mouc them thereunto :
and hailing louiid any wha.'-oeuer did thinke il suflicieniiy iust, in respect of the earnest
desire they had to seeke oiii matter that might colour iheir coming homo.

Of iheso there were some, who hailing noted the late I'lemish warres did finde that many
yong men haue ^ono o\ier and safely returned souldiorH wiihin Towc moneths, in hailing learned
some wordes ol Arte vscd in the warres, and thought after that goo<l example to spend like
time amongst vs: wliich being expired they beyanne to quarrell at the great niortalitie that
was amon^>i vs.

The neglect of discipline in the Annie, for that men were suffered to be drunke iviih the
plenlic of wines.

Tlie scarsitie of Surgions.

The want ol carriages for the hurt and sicke: .ind the peniirie of victuals in the Cam|)e :

Tlurcii|) in iliuini:)" that there would be no ^iood done: And that therefore they could be
content tu lo-o their lime, and aduentnre to retiinie home againe.

I'ltrso nun luuie either cOceiiied well of their owne wits (who by obseruing the passages of
the warrc were beconte sut>iciet souldiers in thcs;- fewe weeks, & did long to be at home, where
their div'cur-es minht bo woiidred at) or missing of their I'ortegiies and Milravcs which they
dreamed on in I'ortugall, would rather returnc to their former maner of life, then attend the
eiule <)f the iourncy. For seeing that one hazard brought another; and that though one es»
lajted the bullet this ihy it might light vpon hitn to morow, the ne..t day, or any dav ; and
that the wane was not confined to any one place, but 5' euerv place brought foorih new etie-
niie<, they were glad to see some of the poorc souldiers fal sicke, J fearing to be infected h\
iliem they might iu^illy desire to go home.

VOL. II. i L . The

f.35

'.■'I

1 ,

ft i

626

J3i '

IIIIJI PH H

^;4ti it

Aniwcre
first.

(oth*

An mere

U the

Amwerc

third.

tsthe

Amwtrr to the

fourth.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Portugall voyage.

The sickn^sse I confeste was great, because any is too much. But hath it bene greater then
is ordinary amongst Englishmen at their first entrance into the warrcs, whithersoeuer they
goe to want the fulnesse of their tlesh pots ? Ilaue not ours decayed at all times in France,
with eating yong fruits and drinking newe wines? hauc they not abundantly perii^hed in the
Low countreys with cold, and rawnc^se of the aire, euen in their uarrisons ? Haue there not
more died in London in sixe moneths of the plague, then double our Armie being at the
«trongest ? And could the Spanish armie the last yeere (who had all prouisions that could be
thought on for an Armie, and tooke the fittest season in (he yeere for our Climate) aiin\d
sicknes amongst their souldicrs ? May it then be thought that our< could escape there, where
they found inordinate heat of weather, and hot wines to distemper them withall f

But can it bi-, that wee haue lost so many as the common sort perswade themseliies wee
hauei' It hath bene prooued by strickt examinaliouK of our ti::isicrs, that we were nciicr in
our fulnesse before our going from Plimoulh 11000. souldicrs, nor aboue 2500. Marrincrs.
It is also euident that there returned aboue 6()00. of all sorts, as appeareth by the sencrnit
paiments made to them since our comming home. And I hauely truely shewed you that of
these n urn bem very necre S(XJ0. forsooke the Annie at the Sc.i, whereof some passed into
France and the rest returned home. So as we neuer being 13000. in all, and hauing brnn<;hi
home aboue 6000. with vs, you may sec how the world hath bene seduced, in belicuing that we
haue lost 16000. men by sicknes.

To them that haue made question of the gouernment of the warres (little knowing what
appertaineth thereunto in that there were so many drunkards amongst vs) I answere that in
their gouernment of shires and parishes, yea in tlieir very housholdes, themselues can hardiv
bridle tlicir vas.sa!s from that xice. Fur we see it is a thin^ almost impossible, at any your
Faires or publique assemblies to linde any quarter thc-eof sober, or in your Townes any Ale.
poles vnfrequented: And we obserue that though any man hauing any disordered persons in
their houses, do locke vp their drinke and set Butlers vpon it, that they will yet either liv
indirect meanes sieale themselues drunke from their Masters tables, or runne abroad to seokc
it. If then at home in the eyes of your histices, .\'aiors, Preachers, and Masters, and when-
they pay for euery jiol they take, tliey cannot be kept from their liquor: doe they thinkr
that those base disordered persons whom themselues sent vnto vs, as liuing at Ionic witlioiit
rule, who hearing of wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses could ntuer reach lo
in England, and hauing it there without mony eue in their houses where thev lie & hold ihi'ir
guard, ran be kept from being drunk ; and once drunke, held in any order or tune, exrcnt
we had for euery drunkard an officer to ,-ittend him ? But who be they that haue mnne iriiu
these disorders ? Kuen our newest men, onr yongest men, and our idelest men, and for the mcKt
part our slouenly prest men, whom the Instices, (who haue alwayes thought vnwoorthilv ol
any warre) haue sent out as the scumme and dregs of their conntrev. And those were flicv,
who distempering themselues wiih these hote wines, haue brought in that sirknesse, which hath
infrcted honestcr men then themselues. But I hope, as in other places the rerouerie of their
diseases doelh acquaint llieir be dies with the aire of the countries where they be, so the re-
mainder of these which hauc either recouered, or past without sicknes.se will prooue most lit
for Martiall seniices.

If we haue wanted Surgeons, may not this rather be laid vpnn the captaiiies (who arc to
proiiide for their scuerall Companies) then vpott the (rcnerals, whose care hath bene more
gcnerall. And how may it be thought that euery captaine, \ j>on whom most of the charges nf
raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture, could prouide themselues ( f all thing?, ex-
pedient for a war, which was alwaies \ out to be maintained by the purse of the priiK~e Hut
admit euery Captaine had his Surgeon : yet were the want of curing neuer the lesse : for our
English Surgeons (for the most part) be vnexperienced in l.urts iliar come by shot; because
England hath not knowen wars but of late, from whose ignonice proceeded this di.scoinrcri,
which I hope wil warne those 5' hereafter go to the wars to make preparation of such .is nijv
belter preserne mens Hues bv their skill.
From whence the want of cariages did proceed, you may coniecturc in ^ we marched through

a countr( \

'■i ll

lie Portugall voyage.

The Portugall voyage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

6S7

a countrey neither plentifull of such prouisions, nor willing to part from any thing : yet this
I can a.ssiire you, that no nia of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any place vnprouided
for. And that the General commanded all the mules & asses that were laden with any bag-
gage to be vnburdcncd and taken to that vse : and the carle of Essex and he for money hired
men to cary me vpon i)ikes. And the earle (whose true vertue and nobilitie, as it doeth in
all other his actions appcare, so did it very much in this) threw down his own stuffe, I meane
apparel & necessaries which he had there, from his owne cariages, and let them be left by the
way, to put hurt and sicke men vpon them. Of whose honourable deseruings I shall not
need here to make any particular discourse, for that many of his actions do hereafter giue
me occasion to obseruc the same.

And the great complaint that these men make for the want of victuals may well proceed Ainwt7«totiif
from their not knowing the wants of the war; for if to feed- vpon good bieues, muttons &*''^''
goats, be to want, they hauc endured great scarcitie at land, wherunto they neuer wanted,
two dales together, wine to mixe with their water, nor bread to eat with their meat (in some
quantiiie) except it were such as had vowed rather to stanie then to stir out of their places
for food : of whom wc had too many, who if their time had serued for it, might haue seen
in many oainpcs in the most plentifull countries of the world for victuals, men daily die with
want of bread and drinke in not hauing money to buy, nor the countrey yeelding any good
or healthful water in any place; whereas both Spaine and Portugall do in euery place aflbord
the best water that may be, and much more healthful then any wine for our drinking.

And although some hauc most injuriously exclaimed .igainst the smal prouisions of victuals
for the sea, rather grounding the same vpon an euill that might haue fallen, then any that
«lid light vpD vs: yet know you tliis, that there is no man so forgetfull, that will say they
wanted before they came to the Grojnc, that whosoeuer made not very large prouisions for
himsclfe & his company at the Groine, was very improuident, where was plentiful store of
wine, biefc and fish, & no man of place prohibittd to lay in the same into their ships, where-
with some did so furnish themselues, a.^ they did not oncly in the iourney supplie the wants of
such as were Icsse prouident then they, but in their retume home made a round commoditie
of the remainder iherecf And that at Cascais there came in such store of prouisions into the
Fleet out of Eni;!and, as no man that would haue vsed his diligence could haue wanted his
due proporiii) ihercof, as mi;;ht appcare by the remainder that was returned to Plimmouth,
and the plentiful! ^aic thereof made out of the ir.archants ships alter their comming into the
Thames.

But least I should seeme vnto you ♦~r, studious in confuting idle opinions, or answering
friuolous «|iie>lions, 1 wi! adresse me to the true report of those actios that haue passed there-
in : wherin I protest, I will neither hide any thing that hath hapncd against vs, nor attribute
more to any man or matter, then the iust occasions thereof lead me vnto: wherein it shall
appcare that there hath Incite nothin;; left vndone by the Generals which was before our go-
ing < ul vndertaken by tiiem, but that there hath bene much more done then was at the first
rci)iiirc(l i)y Don .\nl(.ni(i, win. should haue reaped the fruit of our aduenture.

Adcr (i tiaics sailing from the coast of luigland, & the ;> after we had the wind gootl being Oi.r mm hui
liie 'iO (i| April in the eucning, wc landed in a baic more then an Ivn^iish mile from the ^,'^'i;",'„'"','fr
(iroiiic, in our Ujuj; boats and pinnasses without any impeachment : from whence wc presently icf Ar'i-
niarchctl toward ihc lownc, within one halfe mile we were encountred bv the encmie who be-
ing charged hy ours, retired into their «;ates. For that night ciir annie lay in the villages,
h( iwes \ mils next adioining, and very necre round about the towne, into the which the
(lalcon named S, lohii (wliiih was the second of the last yecres Fleet agavn.st England) one
hiilkc, two smaller ships and two (lallies which were found in the road, did beate vpon vs
and vpon our C"om|)anies a< ihey passed too and Iro that night and the next morning. Generail
Norris hauing that morniiiy; bclore day viewed the Towne, found ihe same defended on the
land side ( lor it siand-ih \ pou the necke of an Hand ) with a wall \ pon a dry ditch : where-
upon he resolueii to trie in two j)laccs what nii<;ht bee done against it by escalade, and in the
nicanc timcaduised lor the landing of some ariillerv to beat \pon tiie ships and gallics, that

4 I. '^ ■ they

1*1

v'-i

■ '''.'Mi t ■

'mv, ■

\ 'f\.\

688

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Portugall voyage.

they might not annoy vs: which being put in execution, vpon the planting of the first piece
the gallies abandoned the road, and betookc them to Feroll, not farre from thence : and the
Armada being beaten with the artillery and musketen* that were placed vpon the next shore,
left her playing vpon vs. The rest of the day was spent in preparing the companies, and other
prouisions ready for the surprise of the base towne which was cirected in this sort.

There were appointed to be landed 1200 men vnder the conduct of Coloncll Huntley, and
Captaine Fenner the Viceadmirall, on that side next fronting vs by water in long boats and
pinncsscs, wherein were placed many pieces of artillery to beat vpon the towne in lieir
aproch : at the corner of the wail which defended the other water side, were appointed C ip-
taine Richartl Winglield Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris, and Captaine Sampson Lieu-
tenant Coloiiell to Generall Drake to enter at low water with 500 men if they found it pass-
able, but if not, to betake them to tlic escalade, for they had also ladder-i witli them : at the
other corner of the wall which ioyned to that side that was attempted l»y water, were appoint-
ed Coloncll Vmpton, and Coloncll Bret with JiOO men to enter by escalade. All tlif •■oni-
panies which should enter by boat being imbarked before the low water, and hainng giuer. u.e
alannc, Captaine Winglield and Captaine Sampson bctooke them to the escalade, lor thev h.id
in commandement to charge all at one instant. The boats landed without any great (iilhrul-
ty : ye* had they some men hurt in the landing. Colonell Bret and Colonell Vmpton enircd
their quarter without encounter, not finding any defence made again>it them : for Captaine
llindrr being one of them that entrcd by water, at his first entry, with some of his ownc
company whom he trusted well, bctooke himselfe to that part of the wall, which he cleared
before that they ofliered to enter, and .so still scoured the wall till hec raino on the barke of
them who mainleincd the fight against Captaine WingficlJ and Captaine Sampson ; who wore'
twisc beaten from their ladders, and found very good resistance, till the enemies pirceiuin^
ours entred in two places at their backs, were driuen to abandon the .same, Tlu" reason wlw
that place was longer defended then the other, is (as Don hum de Luna who commanded the
(fame aflfirmeth) that the enemy that day had resolucd in councell how to ni;ikc their defences,
if they wore approched : and therein concluded, thji, if we attempted it by water, it was
not able to be held, and therefore vpon thedisrouery of our boats, ilicv of the high towne
should make a signall by fire from thence, that all the low towne might injke their retreat ihi-
ther: but they (whether troubled with the sudden terror wi- biought vpon them, or forgeiiiiiu
their decree) omitted the fire, which made tliem guard that place til we were entred on eucr\
side.

Then the towne being entred in three seucral places with an huge cry, the inhabitants bc-
tooke them to the hiijh towne : which they might with it's.se perill <loe, for that ours bciiii,'
strangers there, knew not the way to cut them off. The rest th.it were not put to the «wor(l
in fury, fled, to ilie rocks in thi" Iliind, and otiiers hid themselucs in chambers and s«'lltT>.,
wiiic h were cucry day found out in great numliers.

Anicrngst thosf Don luan de I.im.i, a man of very good commandement, hauing hidden
himselfe in a house, did the ne\t morning veeld himselfe.

There was also t.ikcn iliai night a i()inmis>ary of \irtuals called Juan de Vera, who confess-
ed that there were in tlic (iroine at our entrv .')(X) sonldiours being in seuen copanics whii ii
returned very weake (as a|)pearcth by the .small numbers of them) from the iourney of En-
gland, namely :

"Don Diego Barr.-Mi, a b.xstard sonne of the Marques of Santa Cru/. ; his com-
pany was that night in the (iaieon.
D<M) Antonio de llerer.i then at Nfadrid.
Don Pedro de Manriques lirother to the Earle of I'axides.
Don leronimo de Mourray of the Order of S. luan, with some of the town'.-

were in the fort.
Don Gome/, de Caramasal then .it .Madrid.
^Captaine Man^o Cancaso de Socas.

AUo

Vnder Don
luan At
Luna.

>^ Wi

Tie Portugttll voyage.

iling of the first piece
from thence : and the

vpon the next shore,
e cumpanieH, and other
d in thin sort.

Coloncll Huntley, and
;ater in long boats and

)n the towne in l.eir

e, were appointed C ip-

Japlainc Sampson Licii-

if they found it pass-

Ider-i with thein : at the

by water, were appoiiit-

escahide. All llif '"om-

[•r, and hauinR giuci, ...c

le escalade, for lliev h;i(l

ithdiit any great ailliriil-

Coloncll Vmpton enlrcd

nst them : f"r Caplaiiic

with some of his owne

• wall, which he cleared

ec rainc on the backe of

ainc Sampson ; who were'

1 the enemies pircciiiins

e same. Tiie reason wliy

una who commantled the

w to make their defences

mpfed it by water, it was

k tln'\ of the high towne

ight make their retreat ilii-

t vpon them, or I'orgettiiiu

1 we wcrcentred on ciier'.

;e rrv, the inhabitants be-
ll doe, for that our^ bcini;
were not put to the ^word
» in chambers and seller-,

landcmcnt, hauing ntdden

luan de Vera, who confe>-
r in seuen <()()anies whi<'li
) from the lourncy of Fn-

>8 of Santa Cru/ ; his coni-

'axides.

n, with some of the towne

Ako

The Portugall votjuge. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Also there came in that day of our landing from Retanzas the companies of Don luan de Mo-

nalle, and Do;i Pedro Poiire de Leon.
Also he snilh that there was order giuen for baking of 300000 of biscuit, some in Batansas,

some in Kibadeo, and the rest there.
There were then in the towne 2000 pipes of wine, and 150 in the ships.
That there were lately come vnto the Marques of Seralba 300000 ducats.
That there were 101)0 iarres of oile.
A great quantity of bcanes, praze, wheat, and fish.
That there were 3000 quintals of becfe.
And that not twenty dayes before, there came in three barks laden with match & harque-

buzcs.

Some others also found fanour to be taken prisoners, but the rest falling into the hands of
the common souldiers, had their throats cut, to the number of 500, as I coniecture, first and
last, after we had entred the towne; and in the entry thereof there was found euery celler
full ol wine, whereon our men, bv inordinate drinking, both grew themselues for the present
.senselesse of the danger of the shot of the towne, which hurt many of them being drunke,
& tooke the lirst ground of their sicknesse; for of such was our first and chiefest mortality.
There was also abundant store of victuals, salt, and all kinde of prouision for shipping and
the warre : which was confessed by the sard Commissary of victuals taken there, to be the
beginning of a magasin of all sorts of prouision for a new voyage into England : whereby
you may coniecture what the spoile thereof hath aduantaged vs, and preiudiced the king of
Spaine.

The next morning about eight of the clockc the enemies abandoned their ships. And
hauing oucrchargcd the artillery of y galliion, left her on (ire, which burnt in terrible sort
two da\ es together, the fire and ouercharginivg of the pieces being so great, as of fifty that
were in her, there were not aboue sixteene ukcn out whole ; the rest with ouercharge of the
powder being broken, and molten with heat of tlie fire, were taken out in broken pieces
into diners shippes. The same dav was the cloister on the South side of the towne entred by
vs, which ioyned very neere to the wall of the towne, out of the chambers and other places
whereof we best i. the same with our musquetiers.

The next day in the al'iernoone there came downe some 2000 men, gathered together out
of the cfiiintrey, euen to the gates of the towne, as resolutely (ledde by what spirit I know
not ) as tlmiigh thev wouhl haue entred the same : but at the first defence made by ours that
had the guard fherr, wherein were slaiue about eighteene of theirs, they tooke them to their
hreles in the same disorder tliev iii.ide their approch, and with greater speed then ours were
able to follow ; notwithstanding we followed after them more then a mile. The second day
Cidonell Huntley was sent into the countrcy with three or foure hundred men, who brought
home vcrv i;reat st' -e of kineand sheepe for our reliefe.

The third dav it the night the Gencrall had in purpose to take a long munition>house
builded vpon tlieir wall. <ipening towards vs, which would haue giuen vs great aduantage
against thent ; but they knowing the commodity thereof for \s, burnt it in the beginning of
the euening ; which put him to a new councell : for he had likewise Drought some artillery
to that side ol the towne. During this time there happened a very great fire in the lower
end <d" t!ie towne ; which, had it t. if bene bv the care of the (Jcncrals heedily scene vnto,
and the fury thereof preuented oy pulling downe many houses which were most in danger,
as ne\t vnto them, had burnt all the prouisions we found there, to our woonderfull hinder-
ance.

The fourth day were planted vnder the gavd c! the cloister two demy-canons, and two
coluerings against the towne, defended or gabbioned with a erosse wall, thorow the which
our battery l.iy ; the first and second tire whereof shooke all the wall downe, so as all the or-
dinance lay open to the enemy, bv reason whereof some of the Canoniers were shot and
some slaine. The Lieutenant also id' the ordinance. .\I. Spencer, Wjjjs slaine fast by Sir Ed-
ward Norris, Master thereof: whose valour being accompanied with an honourable care of

defending

629

*1,„.

(

.1 il

630

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Portvgall von/age.

I' *

I I

■ yy

.' t

r'i

*'ii"

defendir j that fru!*t committed vnto him, neuer left that place, till he receiued direction Trom
the Geneiall his brother to cease the battery, which he presently did, leaning a guard vpon
the same for that day ; and in >he night following made so good defence for the place of the
battery, as after there were very few or none annoyed therein. That day Captaine Goodwin
had in corainandement from the tienerall, that when the assault should be giuen to the tuwne,
he should make a proffer of an escalade on the other side, where he held his guard : but he
(mistaking the signall (hat should haue bene giuen) attempted the same long before the as-
sault, and was shot in the mouth. The same day the Generall hauing planted his ordinance
ready to batter, caused the towne to be summoned ; in which summons they of the lowne
shot at our Drum : immedially after that there was one hanged oucr the wall, and a parte de-
sired ; wherein (hey gaue vs to vnderstand, that the man hanged was he that shot ut the
Drum before : wherein also they intreated to haue fains warres, with promise of the same on
their parts. The rest of the parle was spent in talking of Don luaii de Luna, and some other
prisoners, and somewhat of the rendring of the towne, but not much, for they listened not
greatly (hereunto.

Generall Norris hauing by his skilfull victv of the towne (which is almost all scaled vpon
a rocke) found one place thereof mineable, did presently set wurkemen in hand withal! ; who
after three daves l.ibour (and the seuenth after we were enlred (he base towne) had bedded
their powder, but indeede not farrc enough into (he wall. Against wl)ich time the breach
made by tlic canon being thouglu a.ssaullable, and companies appointed as well to enter (he
same, as that which was expected .should be blowen vp by (he mine : namely, to that of tlic
canon, Captaine llichard .Vingfield, and Captaine i'hilpot, who lead (he Generals foo(-c()ni.
panic, with whom also Cap(nine Yorke wen(, who.sc principall commandment was oucr (lii'
horsemen. And (o that of the Myne, Captaine lohn Samp.son, and Cap(aine An(hoiiie
Wingfield Lieutenant Coloncll (o the Mas(er of the Ordinance, wi(h certaine selec(ed oiii (if
diners Hcginu-nts. All (hcse companies being in armes, and (he a.ssault in(ended to be giiii'ii
in al places a( an ins(ant, lire was pu( (o (he (rainc of (he mine ; bu( by reason the powdir
brake ou( backewnnls in a place where the caue was made too high, there could be nothin)'
done in either place for that day. Durinj; this time Captaine Hinder was .sent with some
chosen out of riier> company into the counirey for prouisions, whereof he brought in good
glorc, anil returned without Icsse.

The next day Captaine .Anthony Sam]xson was sent out with some ;>(H) to fetch in proui-
sions lor (he army, who was cncoun(rcd by (hem of (he coun(rcy. bu( he pu( them to lli;;ht,
and rtiurncd with good s|)oile The same night the miners were set to worke agnine, who
by the second day al'icr had wrought very well info the fomulalion of the wall. A^jainst which
lime the cimipaiiics aforcsayd being in rcadinesse for bolh places (Generall Drake on ihi-
other side, with two or three hundred men in pinnc■.^es, making proll'er to attempt a ■..iron:'
fort vpon an Hand bd'ore the towne, where he left more (hen (hir(y men) lire wa> gincii lo
(he traine of the mine, which blew vp halfe the tower \iider which the powder was planiiil.
The assailants hauing in charge vpon (he cll<( ting of (he mine presei)(K (o ^ine (he assault,
performed it accordingly ; bn( (c;o soonc : for haning entrcd (he (op of (he breach, (he other
halfe of the lower, which with the first force of the |)owder was onely shaken and made loosr,
fell vpon our men : \niler which were buried about twenty or thirty, then being viider that
part of the tower. This so an a/.ed our men that stood in the Ijreach, not knowing fn in
whence tha' terror came, as 'licy forsooke their Commanders, and Icit ihcni among the niims
of the mine. The (wo Lnsjgnes ol Generall Drake and Cap(ainc Anthonv \Vinj;ficld wcic
shot in the breach, but their colours were rescued : ihe Generals bv Captain^' Sain[)sons I.itn-
tenant, and Captaine Winnlields by hin\sell'e. Amongst them thai ihc wall fell vpon, \v,.>
Ca|)taine Syilcnhain pitifully lost; who h.iuini,' three or fonre great sioiu i vpon liislo\»ir
pails, was held so last, as iicitiifr hiinsclle could stirre, nor ;inv reasonable company reroiicr
him. Notwithst.indirig the next day being found to be aline, there wai ten or (wclue Icsl
in attempting to relieiie him.

The breach made by the canon was woonderfully wcil assaulted by ihcm that had (he charge

(hcrcni'

<'.!i

fic Portvgall voyage,

ceiued direction from
leaning a guard vpon
e for the place of the
ay Captaine Goodwin
le giuen to the towne,
eld his guard : but he
ne long before the as-
planted hill ordinance
ins they of the tuwnc
e wall, and a parlc de-
he that shot at the
>roini8e of the same on
c Luna, and some other
for they listened not

almost all seated vpon
n in hand withall ; who
ase tuwnc) had bedded
which time the brcaili
itcd as well to enter llic
; namely, to that of ilii-
1 ihc GoneraU foot-com-
imandincnt was oucr tlic
and Captaine Anthonic
1 rcrlaine selected out of
uilt ipieiidcd to be giiiin
lit by reason the powder
, there could be nothiiij;
ndcr was sent with some
;reof he brought in good

ne MK) to fetch in prmii-
but he put them to lli;;ht,
set to workc ajjaine, ulio
)f the wall. Afiaiiist wliiih

(Gencrall Drake on tho
roller to attempt a ■-trcn:;
ty men) fire was jfiucii in
li the powder was plaiiUil.
■sentK to ^iiie the assimli,
p of the brcjcli, the otlitr
•Iv shaken ami maile loox-,
1V, then bcinf{ viuler lh:ii
rc.uh, not knowiiii; iVv in
I'lt tlu'm amon>! the niiiu's

Antlioiiv Winnticiil were
, r;i|)laiiii' Sainpsuns I.iiii-
lal ihc wall Icll v|)oii, w ..s
eat stoiu ■> vpon liis hmir
asonablc cnniiiany rccoiur
icro was ten or twcliic lc>l

y ihetn that had the rharj;i!
llitroi'.

TTte Portugal voiage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

631

thereof, who brought their men to the push of the pike at the top of the breach. And being
ready to enter, the loose earth (which was indeed but the rubbish of the outside of the wall)
with the weight of them that were thereon slipped outwards from vnder their feet. Whereby
did appeare halfe the wall vnbattered. For let no man thinke that culuerin or demy-cannn
can sufficiently batter a defensible rampire : and of those pieces which we had ; the better of
the demy-cnnons at the second shot brake in her carriages, so as the battery was of lesse
force, being but of three pieces.

In our retreat (which was from both breaches thorow a narrow lane) were many of our
men hurt : and Captaine Dolphin, who serued very well that day, was hurt in the very
breach. The failing of this attempt, in the opinion of all the beholders, and of such as were
of best iudgcment, was the fall of the mine ; which had doubtlesse succeeded, the rather,
because the approch was vnlooked for by the enemy in that place, and therefore not so much
defence made there as in the other; which made the Generall grow to a new resolution : for
finding that two dayes battery had so little beaten their wall, and that he had no better prepa-
ration to batter withall : he knew in his experience, there was no good to be done that way ;
which 1 thinke he fust put in proofe, to trie if by that terror he could get the vpper towne,
hauing no other way to put it in hazzard so speedily, and which in my conscience had ob-
tained the towne, had not the defendants bene in as great perill of their lines by the dis-
ple.nsure of their king in giuing it vp, as by the bullet or sword in defending the same. For
that day before the assault, in the view of our army, they burnt a cloister within the towne,
and man^ other houses ailioyning to the castle, to make it more defensible: whereby it ap-
peared liow little opinion thcmsclues had of holding it against vs, had not God (who would
not haue vs suddenly made proud) layed that misfortune vpon vs.

Ilereliy it may appeare, that the f(.ure canons, and other pieces of battery promised to the
iourncy, and not pert'ormec', might haue made her Afaiesty mistresse of the Groine : for though
the mine were infortuiiaf, yet if the other breach had bene such as the earth would haue
held our men thereon, '. doe not thinke but they had entred it thorowly at the first a.ssault
giuen : which had bene more then I haue heard of in our age. And being as it was, is no
more then the Prince of Parma hath in winning of all his townes endured, who neucr entred
any place at the first assault, nor aboue three by assault.

The next day the CJenerall hearing by a prisoner that was brought in, that the Conde de
Andradu had assembled an armie of eight thousand at Pi'ente de Burgos, sixe miles from
thence in the way to Petance, which was but the beginning of an armie: in that there was a
greater Icnuie readie to come thither vnder the Conde de Altemira, either in purpose to re-
lieue the (iroine, or to encampe themselues neere the place of our embarking, there to hin-
der the same ; for to that purpose had the marquesse of Seralba written to them both the
first night of our lamling, .is the Commissaric taken then confessed, or at the least to stop
our further entrance into the counlrey, (lor during this time, there were many incursions
made of three or foure hundred at a time, who burnt, spoyled, and brought in victuals plen-
tifully ) the General, I say, hearing of this armie, had in purpose the next day following to
visite them, aga\ list whom hce caricd Init nine Regiments: in the vantgard were the Regi-
ment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidney : in the Battaile, that
of the Generall. <'r Colonell Lane, and Colonel Mcdkerk: and in the Rereward, Sir Henrie
Norris, Coltmell lluntlcy, and Colonell Hrcts Regiments ; leaning the other fine Regiments
with (ienerall Drake, f'lT the guard of the Cloister and Artillerie. About ten of the docke
the next day, being the sixt of May, halfe a mile from the campe, we discouerirg the enemy.
Sir Edward Norri-i, who commanded the \aiitj;ard in chiefe, appointed his Lieutenant Colonell
Captaine .Vnihnnie Winglicld to command the shot of the same, who dinided them into three
tr<ni|)s ; the one he appointed to Captaine Middlcton to be conducted in a way on the left
hand : an^itiicr to Captaine Kriiigton to take the way on llic right hand, and the body of them
(wnich were Muscjuciiers) Captaine Winglield tooke hiniselfe, keeping the direct way of the
march. Rut the way taken by Captaine Middlcton met a little before with the way held by
Captaine Winutield, so as he giuiog the first charge vpon the enemy, was in the instant se-
conded

.''

' 1

«)32

■i(

>M ;

The notablf
oufrthri'W giut
ru tHr SpitiiJidl
at Furiuc ilc

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, r/,« Portugalt voyage.

conded by Captainc Wingfield, who beat them from place to place (they hauing very good
places of derence, and crosse walles which they might naue held long) till they betookc them
to their bridge, which is ouer a creeke comming out of the Sea, buildcd of stone vpon arches.
On the foot of the further side whereof, lay the Campe of the enemy very strongly entrendi-
ed, who with our shot beaten to the further end of the bridge. Sir Edward Norria marching
in the point of the pikes, without stay passed to the bridge, accompanied with Colonell Sid-
ney, Captainc Hinder, Captaine Fulford, and diuers others, who found the way cicare oucr
the same, but through an incredible volley of shot ; lor that the shot of their army flanked
vpon both sides of the bridge, the further end whereof was barricaded with barrels : but they
who should hauc guarded the same, seeing the proud approch wc made, forsooke the defence
of the barricade, where Sir Edward cntred, and charging the first defendant with his pike,
with very earnestnesse in ouerlhrusting, fell, and was gricuously hurt at the sword in the
head, but was most honourably rescued by the (lenerall his brother, accompanied with Colo-
nell Sidney, and some other gentlemen : Captaine Hinder also hauing his Caskc shot od; had
flue wounds in the head and face at the swonl : and Captaine Fulford was shot into the Icli
armc at the same encounter : yet were they so thorowly seconded by the Gcnerall, who ihriisi
himselfe so necrc to giue encouragement to the attempt (which was of woonderfull difliriilty ]
as their braucst men that defended that place being oucrthrowen, their whole army fell pre-
sently into rout, of whom our men had the chase three miles in foure sundry wayes, wliicli
they betookc thcmsclucs vnto. There was taken the Slandcnl willr the Kings armes, and
borne before the Gencrall. How many two thousand mm (lor of so many consisted dur
vantgnrd) might kill in pursuit of fourc sundry parlies, so many you may imagine tell hcidrc
vs that day. And to make the number more great, our men hauing giuen oner the exccuiion,
and reluming to iheir standes, found many hidden in the Vineyards and lied<;es, whit h thcv
dispatched. Also Colonell ^fedkerk w.is i-ent with his regiment three miles further to ,i
Cloister, which he burnt and spoiled, wherein he found two hundred more, & put them in
the sword. There were slalne in this fight on our side onely Captaine Cooper, and one pri-
uate souldier ; Capt.iinc Barton was also hurt vpon the brid;:c in the eye. IJul had yen sccr.o
the lining baricadcs they had ni.ide on either side of the bridge, and how strongly tlicy l.iv
Ciicanipnl ihercalionls, you wou'd haue thought it a rare resolniion of Oiirs to giue so braiic .i
chari,'o vj)on a:i army so strongly hnlged. After the furie of the execution, the CJeiicr.]]!
sent the \aiitgard one way, and the battel! an<<ther, to burne ami spoile ; so as you niij;!!!
haiie scene the countrey more then three miles coiiipassc on tire. There wa.s lound \crv
j;ood store of nuinition and \ictuals in the Cam|)e, some plate and ri(h apparell, whii h the
belter sort left behiiule, they wore so holly pursued. Our sailers also landed in an llaml
next adioyning to our ships, where llicy biiriii ami spoiled all ihcy lound. Thuswr returned
to the (iroine, hiinging small comic. -| to the eneinv wi'hin the same, who shot manv linio
at Vs as we manhcil out ; but not onre in our commini; backe aj;aine.

The next day w.is spent in shipping our artillery landed for the balterv, and of ilu' ret
taken at the (Jroioe, which had it bene suih as might haue giucn \s any as«uranci' of a hcticr
battery, or had there bene no other purpose of mir iourney but that, 1 ihiiike the (iciicr.ill
wiiuld haue spent si nic more lime in the siege of the place.

The twii la-t nights, there were that viulerlnoke lo (ue the higher towne in one pLu,',
where the hduscs were biiililed xpon the wall by the walcrside; but they within suspci linir
as much, made sn rrood defence against \^, asilii", preucitled the same. In our dcpaiitiic
there was (ire put into riurv house (d' the low towiic, insimiiuli as I niav iuslly sa\, tl.uc
w.is not one house Idi standing in tin- ba^e towne, or the cloisier.

The next d." "fein^^ the einht of May, we embarked our army wiihiaii lo»>f i.j' a iii.ui,
which (had we • boaten the enemy at I'uenie tie Hingi"-) iiad bene iin| i i>sil)le to haue
done; for that without doubt they Wduld haue atienipted sonieiliiii:; against \s in ( iir im-
barking; as ap|)e:;red by the report of the ('on\niis-ary alcre ayd, who con/essed, that the
Cr-t ni;:ht if our landing the .\far(iuc> ol Ser.ilba writ lo th«' Conde dc .\!temir. , ihe Coiide
de Andrada, and to Terneis de Saniissn, to biing all the forces against vs that they cc uld

possijilc

he Portugall voyage.

hey hauing very good
till they betookc them
of stone vpon arches,
ery strongly entrench-
ward Norris marching
ied with Colonell Sid-
id the way clcare oucr
of their army flanked
with barrels : but they
I, forsooke the defence
fendant with his pii^r,
rt at the sword in the
ccompanicd with Colo-
his Caske shot off, had
WHS shot into the Icit
le Gcnerall, wi>o thriM
oonderfull diflidilty)
•ir whole army fell pre-
re sundry waycs, wliith
t the Kings armes, and
SI) many consisted (.ur
mav inia;;ine fell iiclorc
iuen oiitT the execution,
and hedges, wiii( h thi y
[hrcc miles fiirlher U\ a
d mere, & put them id
ne Cooper, and one pri-
cye. But had yiii sccr.c
hd how strongly liiey lay
W" oiirs to giuc so braiii- a
execution, the Ciencr.ill
, spoilc ; so as you mi>;ht
TluTC was Inuiid \crv
I rich apijareli, whit h tlit
ulso landed in an Ilaiul
I'ound. Thus we rcluriicd
me, who shot many li:iu->
ne.

e battery, and of llu- ^l^l
1 aiiv assurance of a lictur
hat, 1 thiiikc the (it ncull

"her tiiwne in one pLu .',
ut they witliin ^uspdiiin;
le same. In cuir dcpaitiirc
as I may iuslly say, i! in

W without his.se I 1' a man,
i)ene ini|..o>sil)ie to liaiie
hiiiL; against \s in cur im-
i, wlio cunlisscil, liial the
Ic lit .Mtcinir. , ilie Contle
against vs tliat they ci iilil
possijile

The Portugal voiage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

ass

poMJble raise, thinking no way so good to assure that place, a* to bring an army thither,
where withall they might either besiege vs in their base towne, if we should get it, or to lie
betweene vs and our place of imbarking, to fight with vs vpon the aduantage; for they had
aboiie 15000 souldiers vndcr their comraandements.

After we had put from thence, we had the winde so cont/ary, as we could not vnder nine
dayes recouer the Durlings: in which passage on the thirteenth day the Earle of Essex, and
with him M. Walter Deuereux his brother (a Gentleman of woonderfull great hope) Sir Ro-
ger Williams Colonell generall of the footmen. Sir Philip Butler, who hath alwaye.i bene
most inward with him, and Sir Edward Wingfleld, came into the fleet. The Earle hauing
put himselfe into the iourney against the opinion of the world, and as it seemed to the haz-
zard of his great fortune, though to the great aduancement of his reputation, (for as the
honourable cariage of himselfe towards all men doth make him highly esteemed at home; so
did his exceeding forwardnesse in all seruices make him to be woondered at amongst vs)
who, I say, put off in the .same winde from Falmouth, that we left Plimmouth in, where he
lay, because he would auoid the importunity of messengers that were dayly sent for his re-
turne, and some other causes more secret to himselfe, not knowing ( as it seemed ) what
place the Generals purposed to land in, had bene as farre as Cadiz in Andaluzia, and lay vp
and downe about the South Cape, where he tooke some ships laden with corne, and brought
them vnto the fleet. Also in his returne from thence to meet with our fleet, he fell with the
Hands of Bayon; and on that side of the riuer which Cannas standeth vpon, he, with Sir Ro-
ger Williams, and those Gentlemen that were with him went on shore, with some men out
of the ship he was in, whom the enemy, that held guard vpon that coast, would not
abide, but fled vp into the eountrcy.

The 16 day we landed at Peniche in Portugall, vnder the shot of the castle, and aboue the
waste in water, more then a mile from the towne, wherein many were in perill of drown-
ing, by reason the winde was great, and the sea went high, which ouerthrew one boat,
wherein flue and twenty of Captaine Dolphins men perished. The enemy being flue com-
panies of Spaniards vnder the coinmandeinent of the Condc de Fuentes, sallied out of the
towne against vs, and in our landing made their approch clase by the water side. But the
Karle of Essex with Sir Roger Williams, and his brother, hauing landed sullicient number to
make two troups, left one to holde the way by the water side, and led the other oucr the
Sandhils; which the enemy seeing, drew theirs likewise further into the land; not, as we
eoniectured, to encounter v.s, but indeed to make their speedy passage away: notwithstand-
ing, they did it in such sort, as being charged by ours which were sent out by the Colonell
,:jenerall vnder Captaine lackson, they stood the same euen to the push of the pike: in
whirh charge and at the push, Captaine Robert Piew was slaine. The enemy being fled
further then we had reason to follow them, all our companies were drawcn to the towne;
which being vnfortified in any place, we found vndefended by any man against vs. And
therefore the Generall caused the castle to be suntmoned that night; which being abandoned
by him that commanded it, a Portugall named Antonio de Aurid, being possessed thereof,
desired but to be assured that Don Antonio was landed, whereupon he would deliuer the
same; which he honestly performed. There w.xs taken out of the castle some hflndred shot Penichc nicm.
and pikes, which Don Emanuel furnished his PorlUi;als withall, and twenty barrrls of pow-
der: so as possessing both the towne and the castle, we rested there one day : wherein some
Friers and other poore men came vnto their new king, promising in the natiic of their couii-
trey next .'idioyning, that within two dayes he should hauc a good supply of horse and foote
for his assistance. That day we remained there, the Generals company of horses were
vnshipped.

The Generals there fully rcsolued, that the Armie should march ouer land to Lisbone
vmler the couduct of Generall Norris; ami that Generall Drake should mecte him in the riuer
Iherof with the Flerte; that there should be one Ctmipany of foote left in garde of the
Castle, and sixe in the ships: also that the sickc & hurt should remaine there with proui-

voi.. II. 4 M sions

( ■
V,

I 1l

}'l

«M

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Portugal wlagt.

atom for their cures. The Generall, to trie the etient of the matter by expedition, the next
day beganne to march in this Hort : his owne Regiment, and the Re^iment of Sir Rover
Williams, Sir Henrie Norris, Colonell Lane, and Colonell Medkerk, in the vantgard: Gene«
rail Drake, Colonell Dcuereux, Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidneis in the bartel: Sir
lames Hales, Sir Edward Win);field, Colonell Vmptons, Colonell Hiinllies, and Colonell
Brets in the arrereward. By that time our army was thus manhallcd, Generall Drake, al-
though hee were to paase by Sea, yet to make knowen the honourable desire he had of
taking equall part of all fortunes with vs, stood vpon the ascent of an hill, by the whicli our
battalions must of necessity march, and with a pleasing kindnesHe tonke his leaue srueraily
of the Commandew of cuery regiment, wishing vs all most happy successe in our iourncv
nuer the land, with a constant promise that he wmild, if the iniury of the weather did not
hinder him, meet vs in the riuer of Lisbon with our fleet. The want of cariages the first dav
was such, as they were enforced to cary their muutiion vpon mens backs, which was the next
day remedied.

In this march Caplaine Crispc the Prouost Marshall caused one who (contrary to the Pro-
clamation published at our arriuall in Porlugall) had broken vp an house for pillage, to he
hanged, with the cause of his death vpon his breast, in the place where the act was com-
mitted: which good example prouidcntly giuen in the beginning of our march, caused the
commandemcnt to be more respectiuely regarded all the iourney after, by them whom feare
of punishment doelh onely holde within romp:isse. The cam|>e lodged that night at Lorinha:
the next day we had intelligence all the way, that the enemy had made head of horse arid
foot against vs at Torres Vedras, which we thought they would haue held: but comming
thither the second day of oiii manli, not two hourrs befon.- our vantgani came in, they Icfi
the towne and the castle to the possession of Don Antonio.

There began the greatest want we h.id of victuals, esperially of bread, vpon a commandr-
ment giuen from the Generall, that no man ><h(>iild spoile the rountrey, or take any thin^
from any Portugall: which was more respectiuely obserunl, then i thinke would haue bene
in our owne counlrey, amongst our owne friends and kindred: but the countrey (conlrarv to
promise) wholly neglericd the prouisioii of victuals for vn, whereby we were driuen for that
time into a >;reat starsily. Which mooucd the Colonell gencnll to rail all the Colonels toge-
ther, and with them to nduise for some better course for our people: who thought it best,
tirst to aduerlise the king what necessity we were in, before we should of our selues alter the
first institution of abstinence. The riiionell generall hauing acquainted the Generall here-
with, with his very goixl allowance thereof, went to the king: who after some expostulation!)
vscd, tooke the more rarefull order for our men, and after that our army was more plenti-
fully relieued.

The thini day we lodged our army in three sun<lry villages, the one battalion lying
in F.xarama de los Cauallcro«, another in K.xarama do Obispo, and the third in .San
.''cbasiian.

Captaine Yorke who commanded iheCJenerals horse company, in this march m.ide triall nf
the valour of the horsemen of the enemy; who hy one of his Corponils charged with fij;lit
horses thorow 40 of them, & himseife thorow more then 2<)0 wiiii some fortv horses: who
would abide him no longer then they could make way t'rdin him.

The next d.ay we marched to Lores, and had ilimrs intcllif>cnces that the enemy would
(ary vs there: for the (\')rdinall had made pijbli<|Ut' promise to them of Lisbon, that hi-
Mould fight with vs in that |)lace, which he might hnur done udiiaMtageously ; for we had a
bridge to passe oner in tiie same place: but before our connninj; he disliKlged, notwith-
:itanding it appeared vnto vs that he had in purpose to encampe there; for we found the
ground staked out where their trenches should banc bene made: and iheir horsemen with
some few shot shewed themsclues vpon an hill at our comiring into that village; whom Sir
Henry Norris (whose regiment had the point of the vantgani) thought to draw vnto some
fight, and therefore marched without sound of driinime, and somewhat faster then ordinary,

thereby

'he Portugal volagt.

xpedition, the next
iment nf Sir Rnger
the vantgard: Oene-
eis in the battel: Sir
intliea, and Colonell
, Generall Drakr, aU
ble dcDirc he had of
ill, by the which our
ke hift leatie seueraliy
cccMC in our inurncv
r the weather did niit
f cariaget the first dav
ks, which waM the next

( contrary to the Pro-
use for pillage, to be
»here the act was torn-
our inarch, caused the
r, by them whom feare
it that night at Lorinha:
iide head of hone and
ue held: but comining
gard came in, they left

read, vpon a commandc-
itrev, or take any thing
hinkc would haue bene
ic countrcy (contrary f"
we were driuen for that
■all all the Colonel* tope-
le: who thought it best,
lid of our seine* alter thr
ainled the Generall here-
after some expostulations
r army wan more plenti-

the one battalion lying
, and the thin! in San

I this march made triall of
poraU rhar^ed with tiplit
li some forty horses: whci

cs that the enemy would

thcin of Lisbon, that hi

iitagfously ; fur we had a

\^>' he disliKlged, notwith-

lliiTf; fur we found the

and their horsemen with

ito that village; whom Sir

loiight to draw vnto some

cwhat faster then ordinary,

thereby

The Portugal toiage.

TlUFFIdUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

thereby to get neere them before he ^ere discoucred, for he was shadowed from them by an
hill that was betweene him and them: but before he could draw his companies any thing
ncere, they retired.

General Drakes regiment (hat night, for the commodity of good lodging, drew them-
iielues into a village, more then one English mile from thence, and neere the enemy: who
not daring to do any thing against v« in fourc dayes before, tooke that occasion, and in the
next morning fell downe vpon that regiment, crying, Viua el Rey Don Antonio, which
was a generall salutation thorow all the Countrey as they came: whom our yoong Souldiers
( though it were vpon their guard, and before the watch were diicharged) began to en-
tertaine kindly, but hauing got within their guard, they fell to cut their throats: but
the alarmc being taken inwards, the officers of the two next Companies, whose Cap-
taines (C:tptainc Sydnam and Cnptaine Young) were lately dead at the Groine, brouglit
downe their colours and pikes vpon them in so resolute maner, as they presently draue
them to retire with losse: they killed of ours at their first entrance fourteene, and hurt sixe
or scueii.

The next day we lodged at Aluelana within three miles of Lisbon, where many of
our souldiers drinking in two places of standing waters by the way were poisoned, and
thereon presently died. Some do thinke it came rather by eating of hony, which they
found in the houses plentifully. But whether it were by water or b) hony, the poore men
were poisoned.

That night the Earle of Essex, and Sir Roger Williams went out about eleuen of the clocke
with 1000 men to lie in ambuscade neere the towne, and hauing layed the same very
neere, sent .some to giue the alarme vnto the enemy : which wiis well performed by them
that had the charge thereof, but the enemy refused to issue after them, so as the Earle re-
turned assone as it was light without doing any thing, though he had in purpose, and was
ready to haue giucn an honourable charge on them.

The 25 of May in the cuening we came to the suburbs of Lisbon : at the very entrance
whereof Sir Roger Williams calling Captaine Anthony Wingfield with him, tooke thirty shot
or thereabouts, and first scowred all the streets till they came very neere the towne ; where
they found none but olde folks and beggers, crying, Viua el Key Don Antonio, and the
hoiLses shut vp : for they had caried much of their wealth into the towne, and had fired some
houses by the water side, full of corne and other prouisions of victuals, least we should be
bcneliicii thereby, but yet left bchinde them great riches in many houses.

The foiire regiments that had the vantgard that d.iy, which were Colonell Deuereux, Sir
Edward Norris, Colonell Sidneys, and Generall Drakes (whom I name .-ts they marched)
the Colonell generall caused to holde guard in the necrest streets of the Suburbs : the bat-
tell and the arreward stood in arines all the night in the iield neere to Alcantara. Before
morning Captuine Wingfield, by direction from the Colonell j;cnerall Sir Roger Williams,
held guard with Sir Edward Norris his regiment in three places very neere the towne wall,
and so held the .same till the other regiments came in the morning. About midnight they
within the towne burnt all their houses i'i:at stood vpon their wall either within or without,
least we possessing them, might thereby gre.;lly haue annoyed the towne.

The next morning Sir Roger Williams attem,ited (but not without peril) to take a Church
called S. Antonio, which ioyned to the wall of he towne, and would haue bene a very euili
neighbor to the towne: but the enemy hauing nure casic entry into it then we gained it be-
fore vs. The re.st of that morning was spent in quartering the battell and arrereward in the
Suburbs culled Bona Vista, and in placing Musqueticrs in houses, to front their shot vpon
the wall, who from the same scowred the great streets very dangerouslv.

By this time our men being thorowly weary with our sixe dayes march, and the last nights
watch, were desirous of rest; whereof the enemy being aduertised, about one or two of the
clocke sallied out of the towne, and made their approch in three seuerall .streets vpon vs, but
chiefly in Colonell Brets quarter: who (as most of the army was) being at rest, with as much
fpeed as he could, drew his men into armes, and made head against them so thorowly, as

4 M 2 himsclfe

635

'fn

' 'I

t 'I
! n

(

•M

VOYAOM, NAUIGKTIONt.

The Portugal volage.

• 'I

Ji. .

^ - n;

li''

hinHeir« w« fhlne >i» the place, Captaine Caisey Mhot thorcm the thigh, of which hurt he
died within tiy\ut Aayt% ancr, Captaine Carre ilaine prejiently, and Captaine Caue hurt
(but not morially ) who were all or his regiment.

Thifl resistance made aswell here, as in other quarten where Colonell Lane and Coloneil
Medkerk commanded, put them to a sudden Toule retreat ; insomuch, ** the Barle of Bwiex
had the chase of them euen to the raiei« of the high towne. wherein they left behinde them
many of their best Commanders : tneir troupe of horsemen also came out, but being charged
by Captaine Yorke, withdrew themsehie!t n^aine. Many of them also left the street*, and
betooke them to houNes which they Tound open: for the Sergeant maior Captaine Wil-
son slew in one hou^e with his owne handt three or Toure, and cauxed them that were with
him to hill many others. Their losse I can aMure you did triple ourx, as well in quality a«
in quantity.

During our march to thia place, Oenrrall Drake with the whole fleet was rnme into
CkacaiN, and posseswd the towne without any re^ixMnce : many of the inhabitants at their
diaciiuery of our nauy, flcddc with their baggage into the mountaines, and left the
towne for any man that would potseMse it, till Gencrall Drake sent vnto them by a Por-
tugal! Pilot which he had on boord, to ofTer them all peaceable kindnease, so farre foorth as
thej woMJd accept of their King, and minister necessaries to the army he had brought;
which offer they ioyfully imbraced, and presently sent iw<» chiefe men of their towne, to
signifie their loyalty to Don Antonio, and their honctit atl'eciinns in our people. Whereupon
the Oenerall landed his companies not farre from the Cloister called San Domingo, but not
without perill of the shot of the castle, which being guarded with 6.") Spaniards, held still
against him.

As otir fleet were casting acre when ihey came flrxt into that road, there was a small ship
of Brasil that came from thence, which bare with them, and seemed by striking her sailes,
as though she would also haue ancred : but taking her fittest occasion hoised againe, and
vwuld hatie passed vp the riuer, but the Gmerall presently discerning her purpose, sent out
a pinnesse or two after her, which forced her in surh sort, as she ran henelfe vpon the
Rocks: all the men escaped out of her, and the l.ndinj; (l>eing many rhests of sugar) was
ma<le nothing woorth, by the salt water. In his going thither also, he tooke ships of the
port of Pcrtugall, which were sent from thence, with fiftecne other from Pedro Vermendes
Xantes .Sergeant maior of the same place, laden with men and victuals to Li<ibon: the rest
that escaped put info Schiuel.

Tlie next day if pIriHcd Generall Norris to call all the ("olonels together, and to aduisc
with them, whether if were more ejipetlient to lary there to attend the forre* of the Portu-
gall-horse and foot, whereof the King had made promise, and to march some conucnienl
number to Cascais to fetch our artillery and munition, wiiich was all at our ships, sauing that
which for the necessity of the seniice was brought along with vs: whereunio, some caried
away with the \aine hope of Don Antonio, that most part of the towne stood for vs,
held it best to make our abode there, and to send some .'<()0(> for our artillery : promising
to themseliies, that the enemy being wcl beaten the day before, would make no more rallies:
s^ ine others (whose vnbeliefe was \erv strong of any hope front the Portugall) pei>iwaded
rather to march wholly away, then to be anv longer c.irried away with the opinion of things,
whereof there was so little appearance. The Oenerall not willing to leaiie any occasion of
blofte to be layed vpon him for his speedy going from thence, nor to lose any more time by
atfcmling the hopes of Don .Antoini); tokle them, that though the expedition of Porluyall
were not the onely |»urpose of their iourney, btit an aduenture therein (which if it siirrcetled
prosperously, might make them sufficiently rich, and wooiidfrfidl honourable) and that they
had done so much already in triall thereof, as what end socuer happened, could nothing
impaire their credits: yet in regard of the Kings last promise, that he should banc that
night 30(K) men armed of his owne Countrey, he would not for that night dislodge. And
if ihcy came thereby to ma!;e him so siring, that he might send the like nunitier for his
munition, he would resolue to trie his fortune for the towne. Itnt if they cumc not, he

fuuiid

,/ • •■ >

'he Portugal vohtge.

h, or which hurt he
Captaine Caue hurt

I Lane and Colonell
an the Barle or Emcx
icy lert behinde them
ul, but beinK charged
left the atreetM, and
inaior Captaine Wil-
them that were with
at well in quality a«

fleet was) rnine intn
'he inhabitants at their
intaincR, and left the
. vnto them by a Por-
c*te, ao farre Toorth as
army he had brought;
men of their towne, to
ur people. Whereupon
San Domin)(o, but not
>ri Spaniard*, held iitiil

I, there was* a small ship
I by strikinx her sailcs,
K«ion hoised againe, and
)g her purpose, »eiit out
\e ran hcrselfe vpon the
any cheats of sugar) waa
<o, he (ookc Hhips of the
from Pedro VermcndcH
tuals to Liiibon: the rest

!« together, and to aduisc

the (orres of the Porlu-
I marrh xomc ronuenienl
I at our ship, sauing that

whrreunto. some caried
the towne stood for \*,

our artillery: pmrnising
uld make no more (•allies:
he Portugal!) pcr*waded
^ith the opinion of things,

to leaiic any occasion of

to lose any more time by
le expedition of Poriu^all
eiii (wliirh if it sitcceetled
honourable) and that ihey

hap))ened, could noiliinj;
that he should hauc that
that nisjltt dislodge. And
lid ihf like number for his

Hut if they came not, he
found

The Portugal votiige. TnAFFIQUEf;, AND DISCOUrRTES.

found i( not coniienient to diuidc his fotrcs, by sending any to Casrais, and keeping a re-
mainder behinde, siihcncc he saw ihcm the day Ixl'ore ho boldlv sally vpon his whole armv,
and knew that tlicy were stronger of Souldiours armed within tfic towne, then he was with-
out : and (hat before our returnc conid be from Caxiais, they expected more supplies from
all places, of Sciuidiours ; for the Duke of Bragan^a, and Don Francisco de Tole<lo were
looked for with great reliefe. Whereupon his conclusion was, that if the 3000 promised
came not that nij-ht, to march wholly awav the next morning.

It may be here demanded, why a matter of so great moment should be so slenderly re-
garded, ai that the (Ji-ncrall should march with such an army against such an enemy, before
ne knew either the fulnessc of his owne ^trenglh, or rerlaine mcanes how he should abide
the place when he should come to it. Wherein I priy you remember the Decrees made in
Ihe Councell at Peniche, and confirmed l)y pnblique protestation the first day of our marcli,
that our nauy shouki meet vs in the riuer of Lisbon, in the which was the store of all our
prouisinns, and so the meane of our tariance in that place, which came not, thoui>h we con-
tinued till we ha<l no munition left to entertaine a very small fight. We arc also to consider,
that the King of Portugall (whether carried away with imagination by the aduertisements he
receiucd from the Portugals, or willing by any promise to bring such an army into his Coun-
Irey, thereby to put his fortune once more in triall) as>ured the Generall, that vpon his
first landing, there would be a rcuolt of his subiects: whereof there was some hope giuen at
our first entry to Peniche, by the maner of fhe yeelding of that towne and fort, which made
the Generall thinke it most conuenient speedily to march to the |)rincipall place, thereby to
giue courage to the rest of the Countrey. The Friers also and the poore people that came
vnto him, promised, th.it within two daycs the gentlemen and others of the Countrey would
cume plentifully in: within which twodayes came many more Priests, and some very few
gentlemen on horsebacke; but not til we came to Torres Vedras: where they that noted the
course of things how they passed, might somewhat discoiicr the weakncsse of that people.
There they tooke two dayes more: and at the end thereof referred Inm till our coinmiiig to
Lidbon, with assurance, that so soone a., our army should be seene there, all the inliabitanU
would be for the King and fall vpon the Spanianls.

After two nights tariance at Linhon, the King, as you hauc heard, promised a supply of
3000 foot, and some h'irse : but all his appointments being expire<l, cuen to the last of a
night, all his horse could not make a cornet of 40, nor his foot lurnish two ensjgnes fully,
although they caried three or foure colours : and these were altogether such as thought to in-
rich ihemselues by the ruine of their nei^^libours : for they committed more disorders in euery
place whcri' we came by spoile, then any of our owf.e.

The Generall, as you see, hauing done more then before his comming out of England was
required by the King, and giuen credit to his many promises, euen to the breach of the last,
he desisted not to perswade him to stay yet nine dayes longer: in which time he might haue
engaged himselfe further, then with any honour he could come out of againc, U\ attempt-
ing a fowrte fortified, wherein were more men armed against vs, then we h.id to oppugne
them withall, our artillery and munitiim being liftcene miles from vs, and our men then de-
clining; for there was itie first shew of any great sickenesse amongst them. Whereby it
«eemeth, that either his i)relacv did much abuse him in perswading him to hopes, whereof
after two or three dayes he saw no semblance : or he like a silly louer, who promiseth him-
selfe fa.ior by importuning a coy misfrcxse, thought by our long being before his towne, that
in the end taking pity on him, they would let him in.

What end the Friers had by following him witii such deuotion, I know not, but sure I am,
the Laity did respite their homage tilt they might see which way the victory would rv/zy ;
fearing to shew ihemselues apparantly vnto him, lca.st the Spaniard should after our departure
(if we preuailed not) call them to account: yet sent they vnder hand messages to him of
obedience, thereby to saue their owne, if he became King ; but indeed very well contented
to see the Spaniards and vs try by blowes, who should carry away the crowne. For they be
of so base a mould, as they can very wel mibicct thcmiielues to any gouernment, where they

mav

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UilM 125

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ASS

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Portugall voyage.

may iiue Tree from blowes, and haue liberty to become rich, being loth to endure hazzard
cither of liPe or goods. For durst they haue put on any minds thorowly to reuolt, they had
three woonderfull good occasions offered them during our being there.

Themselues did in general! conresse, that there were not aboue 5000 Spaniards in that part
of the Countrey, of which number the haife were out ur the towne till the last day of our
march : during which time, how easily they might haue preuailed against the rest, any man
may conceiue. But vpon our approch they tookc them all in, and combined themselues in
generall to the Cardinall.

The next day after our comming thither, when the sally was made vpon vs by their most
resolute Spaniards, how easily might they haue kept them out, or haue giuen vs the gate
which was held for their retreat, if they had had any thought thereof?

And two daycs after our comming to Cascais, when 6000 Spaniards and Portugals came
against vs us farre as S. (ulians by land, as you shal presently heare (all which time I thinke
there were not many Spaniards left in the towne) they had a more fit occasion to shew their
deuotion to the King, then any could be offered by our tarying there. And they could not
doubt, that if they had shut (hem out, but that we would haue fought with them vpon that
aduatitage, hauing sought them in Galitia vpon disaduantage to beat them : and hauing taken
so much paines to seeke them at their owne houses, whereof we gaue sufficient testimony in
the same accident. But I thinke the feare of the Spaniard had taken so deepe impression
within them, as they durst not attempt any thing against them vpon any hazzard.

For, what ciuill countrey hath euer suflcred themselues to be conquered by so few men as
tliey were ; to be depriued of their naturall King, and to be tyrannized ouer thus long, but
they ? And what countrey, liuing in slauery vnder a stranger whom they naturally hate, hau-
ing an army in the field to light for them and their liberty, would lie still with the yoke vpon
their necks, attending if any strangers would vnburthen them, without so much as rousing
themselues vnder it, but they ? They will promise much in speeches, for they be great talken,
whom the Generall had no reason to distrust without trial), and therefore marched on into
their countrey : but they performed little in action, whereof we could haue had no proofe
without this thorow triall. Wherein he hath discouered their weakneK.se, and honorably per-
formed more then could be in reason expected of him ; which had he not done, would not
these maligners, who seeke occasions of slander, haue reported him to be suspicious of a
people, of whose infidelity he had no testimony : and to be fearefull without cause, if he
had refused to giue credit to their promises without any aduenlure ? Let no friuolous qucs-
tionist therefore further enquire why he marched so many dayes to Lisbon, and taried there
so small a while.

The next morning, seeing no performance of promise kept, he gaue order for our march-
ing away ; himselfe, the Earle oi^ E.«sex, and Sir Roger Williams rem.tining with the stand
that was made in the high street, till the whole army was drawen into the field, and so march-
ed out of the towne, appointing Caplaioe Richard Wingfield, and Captainc Anthony Wing*
tield in (he arrereward of them with the shot ; thinking that the enemy (as it was most likely)
would haue issued out vpon our rising ; but they were otherwise aduised. When we were
come into the field, euery battalion fell into that order which by course appertained vnio
them, and so marched that night vnto Cascais. Had we marched thorow his Countrey as ene-
mies, our Souldiouni had beene well supplied in all their wants : but had we made enemies
of the Suburbs of Lisbon, we had beene the richest army that euer went out of England :
for besides the particular wealth of euery house, there were many Warehouses by the natcr
side full of all sorts of rich marchandizcs.

In our march that day the gallies which had somewhat, but not much, annoyed vs at Lis-
bon, (for that our way lay along the riiier) attended vs till we were past S. luliann, bestow-
ing many shot amongst vs, but did no harme at all, sauing that they strooke off a gentle-
mans leg, & killed the Sergeant maiors moile vnder him. The horsemen also followed vs
nfarre uff, and cut off as many sicke men as were not able to holdc in march, nor we iiad ca-
riage for.

After

le Portugall voyage.

ih to endure hnzzard
Y to reuolt, they had

Spaniards in that part
II the last day of our
ist the rest, any man
ubined themselues in

pon vs by their most
lue giuen vs the gate

and Portugals came

which time I thinke

tccafiion to iihew their

And they could not

with them vpon that

im : and hauing taken

sufficient testimony in

so deepe impression

ny hazzard.

lered by so few men as
ed ouer thus lon<(, but
hey naturally hale, hau-
iliil with the yoke vpon
oui so much as rousing
or they be great talkers,
-cFore marched on into
Id haue had no proofe
sse, and honorably per-
hc not done, would not
1 to be suspicious of a
ull without cause, if he
' Let no friuolous que*-
Lisbon, and taried there

auc order for our march-
maining ^ilh the stand
> the field, and so march-
^apiainc Anthony Wing*
ly (a<t it was most likely)
iduised. When we were
course appertained vnto
row his Countrey as cne-
it had we made enemies
r went out of England:
Warehouses by the vsalcr

uch, annoyed vs at Lis-
; past S. luliann, bestow-
>ey slrooke ofl' a gentlc-
rsemen also followed vs
in march, nor we had ca-

After

The Portugall voiage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

639

' After we had bene two dayes at Cascais, we had intelligence by a Frier, that the enemy
was marching strongly towards vs, and then came as farre as S. Iiilian : which newes was so
welcome to the Barle of Essex and the Generals, as they offered euery one of them to giue
the messenger an hundred crownes if they found them in the place ; for the General! desiring
nothing more then to fight with them in field roome, dispatched that night a messenger with
a trumpet, by whom he writ a cartell to the General! of their armjr, wherein he gaue them
the lie, in that it was by them reported that we dislodg^ from Lisbon in disorder and feare
of them (which indeed was most false) for that it was fiue of the clocke in the morning be-
fore we fell into armes and then went in such sort, as they had no courage to follow out vpon
Also he challenged him therein, to meet him the next morning with his whole army, if he

vs.

durst attend his comming, and there to try out the iustnease of their quarrel by battel!: by whom
also the Barle of Essex (who preferring the honor of the cause, which was his countreys, before
hisowne safety) sent a particular cartel, oflering himselfe against any of theirs, if they had any
of his quality : or if they would not admit of that ; sixe, eight, or tenne, or as many as they
would appoint, should meet so many of theirs in the head of our battel! to trie their fortunes
with them ; and that they should haue assurance of their retume and honourable intreaty.

The General! accordingly made all his army ready by three of the clocke in the morning
and marched euen to the place where they had encamped, but they were dislodged in the
night in great disorder, being taken with a sudden feare that we had bene come vpon them,
as the General! was the next day -certainely informed : so as the Trumpet followed them to
Lisbon, but could not get other answere to either of his letters, but threatening to be hanged,
for daring to bring such a message. Howbcit the Gencrall had caused to be written vpon the
backside of their pasport, that if they did offer any violence vnto the messengers, he would
hang the best prisoners he had of theirs : which iiade them to aduise better of the matter,
and to retume them home ; but without answere.

After our army came to Cascais, and the castle summoned, the Castellan thereof granted,
lliat vpon fiue or sixe shot of the canon he would deliucr the same, but not without sight
thereof. The General! thinking that his distressc within had bene such for want of men or
victuals as he could not holde it many dayes, because he saw it otherwise defensible enough,
determined rather to make him yeeld to that necessity then to bnng the cannon, and there-
fore onely set a giurd vpon the same, least any supply of those things which he wanted
should be brought vnto them. But he still standing vpon those conditions, the Generall
about two dayes before he determined to goe to Sea, brought three or foure pieces of battery
against it : vpon the first tire whereof he surrendered, and compounded to go away with his
Inggage and armies; he had one canon, two culuerings, one basiliske, and three or foure
other field pieces, threescore and fiue Sotildiours, very good store of munition and victualles
enough in the Castle : insomuch as he might haue held the same longer then the Generall had
io purpose to tarry there. One company of footmen was put into the guard thereof, till the
artillery was taken out, and our army embarked ; which without hauing that fort, we could
nut without great perill haue done. When we were ready to set saiie (one halfe of the fort
being by order from the Gencrall blowen vp by mine) the company was drawne away.

During the time we lay in the road, our fleet began the second of lune, and so continued
sixe dayes after to fetch in some hulks to the number of threescore, of Dansik, Stetin,
Rostock, Lubeck & Hamburgh, laden with Spanish goods, and as it seemed for the kings
prouision, and going for Lisbon : their priiK ipll I idmg was Corne, Masts, C.ibles, Copper,
and waxe: amongst which were some of grc.it burthen wnonderful well builded fbr sailing,
which had no great lading in them, and therefore it was thought that they were brought for
the kings prouision, to reiiifsrcc his decayed nauy: w!:ereof there was the greater like-
lyhood, in that the owner of the greatest of them wliich caried two misnes, was knowen
to be very inward with the Cardinall, who rath'-r then he would be taken with his ships, com-
mitted him-ielf vnto his small boat, wherein he recouered S. Sebastians; into the which our
men, th;it before were in flieboats, were shipped, and the fliebnats sent home with an olt'er
of corne, to the value of their hire. But the winde being good for them for Roche!, they

chose

,''i

i ii>

r>40

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Ttie Portugall voya'gr.

I '/I

choM rather to lose their corne then the winde, and m> departed. The Generall also seiii
his horses with them, and from thence shipped them into England.

The third of lune, Colnnell Deuereux and Colonell Sidney, being both rerjr sicke, depart,
ed for England, who in the whole ionrnev had shewed themaelues very forward to ail
sertiicei*, and in their departure very vnwilling to Icaue vs: that day we imbarked all our
army, but lay in the road vntill the eight thereof.

The sixt day the Earle of Essex, vpon receit of letters from her Maiesty. by them that
brought in the victuals, presently departed towards England, with whom Sir Roger Williams
vm very desirous to go, but found the Generals very vnwilling he should do so, in that he
bare the next place vnto them, and if they should miscarry, was to command the army.
And the same day there came vnto vs two small barks that brought tidings of some other
shippes come out of England with victuals, which were passed vpwards to the Cape : for
meeting with whom, the second day after we set saile for that place, in purpose after our
meeting with them to go with the lies of Azores, the second day, which was the ninth, wc
met with them comming backe againe towards V!«, whose prouision little answered our
expectation. Notwithstanding we resolued to continue our course for the Hands.

About this time was the Marchant Royall, with three or foure other ships, wnt to Prnirhc,
to fetch away the companies that were left there ; hut Captaine Barton hauing receiiicd
letters from the Generals that were sent ouerland, wa<4 departed before, not being able by
reason of the enemies speedy marching thither, either to bring away the artillery, or all his
men, according to the direction those letters gaue him ; for he was no sooner gone, then the
enemy possessed the town and castle, and shot at our shi|)s as they came into ihf road.

At this time also was the Ambassador from the Emjicror of Marocco, called Key.4 Hamet
Bencasamp, returned, aud with him M. Ciprian, a Gentleman of good place and desert, was
sent from Don Antonio, and Captaine Ousley from the Generals to the Emperor.

The next morning the nine gallics which were sent not fine daye* before out of Andahiziu
for the strengthening of the riuer of Lisbon (which being ioyncil with the other Iwelue that
were there before, though we lay hard by them at S. Tulians, durst nciier make any attempt
against vs) vpon our departure from thence were returninj; home, and in the morning being
« very dead calme, in tne dawning thereof, fell in the winde of our fleet, in the vttermost
part whereof they assailed one stragling barke of Plimmotith, of the which Captaine Cauerly
Deing Captaine of the land company, with his Lieutenant, the Master and some of the
Mariners abandoned the ship, and betooke ihem to the ship-boats, whereof one, in which the
Master and the Captaine were, was oueminne with the gallics, and they drowned. There
were also two hulks :■■ ^led farre from the strength of the other shijis, which were so calmed,
as neither they could get to vs, nor we to them, though all the great shippes towed with
their boats to hauc relieued them, but could not be recouered ; in one of which was Captaine
Minshaw with his company, who fought with them to the last, yea after hi.4 ship was on fire,
which whether it was tired by himselfe or by them we could not wel disceme, but might
easily iudge by his long and qo«d fight, that the enemy could not but sustaine much lossc :
who setting also vpon one other hulke wherein was but a Lieutenant, and he very >irke, were
by the valour of the Lieutenant put off, although they had first beaten her with their artillery,
and attempted to boord her. And seeing also one other hnlke a league olT, a sterne ofT vs,
they made towards her; but finding that she made ready to fight with them, they durst not
further attempt her : whereby it seemed, their losse being great in the other fights, they
were loth to proceed any further.

From that day till the 19 of lune, our direction from the General! wa«, that if the wind
were Northerly, we should plie for the Azores ; but if Southerly, for the lies of Bayon. We
lay with contrary windes about that place and the Rocke, till the Southerly winde preuailing
carried vs to Bayon : part of our ships to the number of 'i5, in a great winde which was two
dayes before, hauing lost the Admirals and fleet, according to their direction, fell in the morn-
ing of that day with Bayon, among whom was Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde ; who had in
purpose ( if the Admirals had not come in ) wiih some 500 men out of them all to huue bnded,

and

riie Portugall voyage.
The Generall also seni

both very wckc, dcpart-
» very forward to all
y we imbarkcd alt our

Maieiity, by them that
horn Sir Roger Williams
»hould do (K), in that he
o command the army.
t tidings of some other
wanli* to the Cape: for
ce, in purpose after our
which was the ninth, we
lion little answered oiir
for the liandM.
er ship*, sent to Penirhc,

Barton hauing receiticd
tfore, not being able by
ay the artillery, or all his
DO sooner gone, then the

came into the road,
rocco, called Reyn Hamet
;ood place and dcserl, was
' the Emperor. , ^ ^ , .
e^ before out of Andaluzia
xvith the other twelue that
t ncuer make any attempt

and in the mornmg being
our fleet, in the vttermost
\e which Captaine Caiierly

Master and s"me of the
1, whereof one, in which the
and they drowned. There
,im. which were oo calmed.
. crcat shippes towed with
^oiie of which wn» Captaine

ra after hi.^ ship Nva* on fire.
ot wel discemi-, but might
lot but sustaine much losse :
ant, and he veiy sicke, were
aten her with their artil^ry,
J league off, a sterne off vs,
,t wiih them, they dumt not
sat in the other fights, they

nerall was that if the wind
forthellesofBayon. We
p Southerly winde preuailmg
a oreat winde which was two
ir direction, fell in the morn-

ris in the Ayde :/»'o,'^='Jj;
Htofthemalltohauebnded,

The Porlugatt volage. TRAFFK^UBS, AND OlSCOtFCRIGS.

«41

and attempted the taking of Vigo. The rest of the fleet held with Generall Drake, who
though he were two dayes before put vpon those Hands, cast off againe to sea for the Aporesi
but remembring how vnprouided he was for that ioiirney and seeing that he had lost
company of his great ships, returned for Bayon, and came in there that night in the euenin^
where he passed vp the riuer more then a mile aboue Vigo.

The next morning we landed a.s many as were able to fight, which were not in the whole
aboue 20U0 men (for in the 17 dayes wc continued on boi rd we had cast many of our
men ouerboord) with which number the Colonell generall marched to the towne of Vigo,
necre the which when he approched, he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a troupe
of shot to enter one side of the same, who found vpon cuery streets end a strong barricade, Vijoukm.
but altogether abandoned; for hauing entered the towne, he found but one man therein,
but might sec them making way before him to R.-iyon. On the other side of the towne
entred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard Win^jlicld, whose approch on that side (I
thinke) made them leauc the places they had so artificially made for defence : there were
also certaine shippes sent with the Vice admirall to lie close before the towne to beat vpon
the same with their artillery.

In the alternoone were sent .300 vnder the conduct of Captaine Petuin and Captaine Henry
Foure, to burne another village betwixt that and Bayon, called Borsis, and a-< much of the
country as the day would giue them leaue to do ; which was a very pleasant rich valley : but
they burnt it all, houses and corne, as did others on the other side of the towne, both that
and the next day. so as the countrey was spoiled seuen or eight miles in length. There was
found great store of wine in the towne, out not any thing els: for the other dayes warning
of the shippes that came first in, gaue them a respit to cary all away.

The next morning by breake of the day the Colonell generall (who in the absence of the
Generalls that were on boord their ships, commanded that night on shore) caused all our
companies to be drawen out of the towne, and sent in two troups to put fire in euery house vi|obun»4.
of the same: which done, we imbarked againe.

This day there were certaine Mariners which (without arty direction) put themselues on
shore, on the contrary side of the riuer from vs for pillage; who were beaten by the enemy
from their boats, and p;\nished by the Generals for their offer, in going withoiit allowance.

The reasons why we attempted nothing against Bayon were before shewed to be
want of artillery, and may now be alledged to be the small number of our men : who should
haue gone against so strong a place, manned with very good souldiers, as was shewed by
Iiian de Vera taken at the Groine, who confe-ssed that there were sixe hundred oTde SouldierA
in garrison there of Flanders, and the Tercios of Naples, lately also returned out of the tour-
ney of England,

"Capitan Fuebla,

Christofero Vasques de Viralta a souldier of Flanders.
Don Pedro Camascho, del tercio de Napoles.
Don Francisco de Cespedes.
Cap. luan de Solo, del tercio de Naples.
Don Dic^o de Cassaua.
_Cap. Sauban.

Also he sayth there be IS pieces of brasse, and foure of yron, lately layed vpon the walles
of the towne, besides them that were there before.

The same day the Genenls seeing what weake estate our army was drawn into by
sicknesse, determined to man and victiiall twenty of the best ships for the Hands of A(oreif
with Generall Drake, to see if he could meet with the Indian fleet, and Generall Norris to
returnc home with the rest : And for the shifting of m-n and victualles accordingly, purposed
the next morning to fall downe to the Hands of ilayon againe, and to remaine there that day.
But Generall Drake, according to their apointment, being vnder sailc neuet strooke at the
Hands, but put straight to sea ; whom all the fleet followed sauing three and thirty, which
being in the riuer further then he, and at the entrance out of the same, finding the winde and

VOL. II. 4 N tide

«4

Vnder the
leading of

■:■ 1

il;!

«M

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS.

The Portugall vohge.

ili>^!

«)

V I

..a

I >

;..'■

riimniouUi>

tide too hmt against them, were inrorced to cast ancre there Tor that night ; amongst whom,
by good fortune, was the Foresight, and in her sir Edward Norris. And the night folowing,
Generall Norris being driiien Trom the rest of (he Fleet by a great storme, (for all that day
was the greatest storme we had ail the time we were out ) came againe into the Hands, but
not without great perill, he being forced to truHt to a Spanish Fisher-man (who was taken
two dayes before at sra) to bring him in.

The next morning he called a council of as many as he found there, holding the purpooc
he had concluded with sir FranciM Drake the day before, and directed all their courses for
England, tarrying there all that day to water and heipe such with victuall, as were left in
wonderfull dlNlresse by hauing the victuals thai came la.st, caried away the day before to sea.
n-hriimmncio Th* ncxt day he set sailc, and the 10 day after, which was the 2 of luly came into Plim-
mouth, where he found sir Francis Drake and all the Queens ships, with many of the others
but not all: for the Fleet was dispersed into other harbors, some led by a desire of returning
frO whence they came, and some being posstessed of the hulks, sought other Ports from their
Generals cie, where they might make their priuate commoditie of them, as they haue done
to their great aduantage.

Presently vpon their arriual there, the Generals dissolued all the armie sauing 8 com-
panies which are yet held together, giuing euery souldier fiue shillings in money, and the ar-
mies hee bare to make money of, which was more then could by any means be due vnto them :
for they were not in seruice three moneths, in which time they had their victuals, which no
man would value at lesse then halfc their pay. for such is the allowance in her maiesties ships
to her mariners, so as there remained but 10 shillings a moneth more to be paid, for which
there was not any priuate man but had apparel and furniture to his owne vse, so as euerv
common souldier discharged, receiued more in money, victuals, apparel and furniture, then
his pay did amount vnto.

Notwithstanding, there be euen in the same place where those things haue passed, that
cither do not or will not conceiue the souldicrs estate, by comparing their pouertie and the
ihortnesse of the time together, but lay some iniuries vp5 the Generals and the action.
AVhere, and by the way, but especially here in London, I Knd there haue bene some false

Erophetsgone before vs, tellinu; strange tales For as our countrey doeth bring foorth many gal-
int men, who desirous of honour doe put themselues into the actions thereof, so doeth it
many more dull spirited, who though their thoughts reach not so high as others, yet doe
they listen how other mens acts doe passe, and either beleeuing what any man will report
vnto them, are willingly caried away into errors, or tied to some greater mans faith, become
secretaries against a noted trueth. The one sort of these doe take their opinions from the high
way side, or at the furthest goe no further the Pauls to enquire what hath bene done in
this voiage: where, if they meet with any, whowe capacitie before their going out coulil
not make them liue, nor their valour maintaine their reputation, and who went onely for
spoile, complaining on the hanlnessc and misery thereof, they thinke they are bound to giiic
credite to these honest men who were parties therein, and in very rharitie become of thrir
opinions. The others to make good the faction they are entretl into, if they see any of those
malecontenls (as euery iourncy yeeldeth .some) doe runne vnto them like tempting spirits
to confirme them in their humour, with a.ssurance that they foresaw before our going out what
would become thereof

Be ye not therefore too credulous in beleeuing euery report: for you see there haue bene
many more beholders of these things that haue passed, then actors in the same; who by their
experience, not hauing the knowledge of the ordinary wants of the warre, haue thought, that
to lie hard, not to haue their meat well dressed, to drinke sometimes water, to watch nuirh,
or to see men die and be slainc, was a miserable tiling ; and not hauing so giuen thrir
mindes to the seruice, as they are any thing instructed thereby, doe for want of belter matter
di.scourse ordinarily of these things: whereas the iourney (if they had with that iud);ement
seene into it, which their places required ) hath giuen them fur mure honorable purpose and
argument of discourse.

Those

The Portugall voiage.

night; amongst whom.
And the night folowing,
storme. ( for all that day
kine into the Hands, but
^er-man (who was taken

!rc, holding the purpose
■cted all their courses for
victuall, as were left in
ly the day before to sea.
1 of luly came into Plim-
with many of the others
I by a desire of returning
;ht other Ports from their
them, as they haue done

the armie sauing 8 com-
ngH in money, and the ar-
r means be due vnto them:
id their victuals, which no
»nce in her maiesties ships
lore to be paid, for which
his owne vse, so as euery
pparel and furniture, then

e things haue passed, that
ring their pouertie and the
• General!* and the action.
\\ere haue bene some false
oeih bring foorth many gal-
kctions thereof, so doeth it
high a« others, vet doc

what any man will report
greater mans faith, become
[heir opinions from the hi;:h
i what hath bene done in
ore their going out could
n, and who went onely for
inkc they are bound to giiic
:y rharitie become of their
to, if they see any of those

them like tempting spirits
; before our going out what

Tor you see there haue bene
g in the same ; who by their
he warre, haue thought, that
imcs water, to watch much,
not hauing so giuen their
oe for want of better matter
ley had with that iudgement
acre honorable purpose and

These

The Portugatt voiage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 049

These mens discontentments and mislikings before our comming home haue made mee
labour thus much to instruct you in the ceriaintie of euery thing, biecause I would not wil-
lingly haue you miscaried in the iudgements of them, wherein you shall giue me leaue some-
what to dilate vpon a question, which I onely touched in the beginning of my letter, namely. Awmhj<iiia.
whether it bee more expedient for our estate to maintain an ofTensiue war against the king of «''>»''''««'•
Spaine in the Low countries, or as in this iourney. to ofl'end him in his neerer territories,
seeing the grounds of arguing thereof are taken from the experience which the actions of
this iourney haue giuen vs.

There is no good subiect that will make questio, whether it be behoofeful for vs to hold
friendship with these neighbours of ours or no, as well in respect of the infinite proportion of
their shipping, which must stand either with vs or against vs; as of the commoditie of their
harbors, especially that of Vlishing, by the fauour whereof our Nauie may continually keepe
the Narrow sea.4, and which would harbour a greater Fleele agaynst vs, then the Spaniard shall
need to annoy vs withall, who being now distressed by our common enemie. I thinke it most
expedient for our safetie to defend them, and if it may be. to giue them a reentrie into that
they haue of late yecres Inst vnio him. The one without doubt her maiestie may do without dif-
ficultie, and in so honorable sort as he shnl neuer be able to dispossesse her or them of any the
townes they now hold. But if any man thinke that the Spaniard may be expelled from thence
morespeedilyorconueniently by keeping an armie there, then by sending one against him into
his owne countrey : let him foresee of how many men and conlinuall supplies that armie must
consist, and what intollerable expenses it requireth. And let him thinke by the example of the
duke of Alua, when the prince of Urenge had his great armie agaynst him; and of Don luan,
when the States had their mightie assembly against him ; how this wise enemie, with whom
we sre to deale, may but by prolonging to tight with vs, leaue vs occasions enough for our
armie within few moneths (o mutinc and breakc ; or by keeping him in his townes leaue vs a
Kpoyled field : where though our prouision may bee such of our owne as we starue not, yet is
our weakneste in any strange country such, as with sicknes and miserie we shall be dii«solued.
And let him not forget what a continual burthen we hereby lay vpon vs, in that to reposscsse
those countreys which haue been lately lost, wil be a warre of longer continuance then we
shall be able to endure.

In the very action whereof, what should hinder the king of Spaine to bring his forces home
vpto vs? For it is certaine he hath long since set downe in councell, that there is no way for
him wholy to rocouer those Low countries, but by bringing the warre vpon England it selfe,
which hath alwayes assisted them against him: and that being determined, and whereunto
he huth bene vehemently urged by the last yeeres Insse he sustained vpon our coasts, and
the great dishonor this iourney hath laid v|K>n him ; no doubt if we shall giue him respite to
doe it, but he will mightily advance his purpose, for he is richly able thereunto, and won-
dcrfull desirous of rciienge.

To encounter wherewith, I wish euen in true and honest zeale to my Countrey, that we
were all perswadrd that there is no such a.ssured meanes for the safetie of our estate, as to
busy him with a well furnished armie in Spaine, which hath so many goodly Ruyes open, as
we may land without impeachment as many men as shall be needfull lor such an inuasion.
And hauing an armie of 20(K)() roially furnished there, we shall not need to take much rare
for their payment : for shal not Lisbcm be thought able to make so few men rich, when the
Suburbs thereof were found so abounding in riches, as had we made enemie of them, they
had largely enriched vs all? Which with what small losse it may be won, is not here to shew;
but why it was not won by vs. I haue herein shewed you. Or is not the spoyle of Siiiil suf-
ficient to pay more then shall bee needful to bee sent against if, whose defence (as jhat of
Lisbone) is onely force of men. of whom how many may for the present be raised, is not to
be esteemed, because wre haue discouered what kind of men they be, euen such as will neuer
abide ours in field, nor dare withstand any resolute attempt of ours agavnst them: for during
the time we were in many places of their country, they cannot say that euer thev made liJO of

4 N 2 our

■•(

«M

YOYAGBS. NAUIOATIONS.

The Portugatt votagt.

* mi

y^{ ii^^

our men turn* their iacM ham tbem. And be thete not many other places of le«e diffkuliie
to apoylc, able to aatufie our force* ?

But admit, that if vpon tliii alarme that we haue giuen him, he tendering; hia naturall mxA
netreat ioilc beibre his ftiriher rcmonued oflT Kouemment!*, do draw his forces of old suuU
diers out of the Low counireya for his owne defence, i'* not the victory then won by drawinj;
and holding them from thence, for the which we Nhoulti haue kept an armie there at a charge
by many partes greater then this, and not Htirred them }

Admit further our armie be iinpcachetl from landing there, yet by keeping the Sea and
poAsciwing his |)rincipall madf-% are we not in po«<tibilitie to meet with his Indian marchani«.
and very like to preuent him of his prouisinnH comming out of the Eant countreys ; without
the which, neither the subiect of Lisbon is lonj; able to line, nor the king able to maintaine
his Naiiie } For though the cuuntrcy of I'ortugail doe some yeercs find ihemselues come,
yet are they ncuer able to viciuall the least part of that Cilic. And albeit the king of Spainc
be the richest prince in Chrisiendome, yet can he neither draw cables, hewe mastes, nor
aiake ponder out of bis mettak, but is to be supplied of them all from thence. Of whrnn
(some will hold opinion) it is no reason to make prize, because they bee not our eneniieji:
and that our disagreeance with them will im|)each the trade of our marchants, and so impo>
ueriah our countrey, of whose mind I can hardly be drawen to be: For if mv enemie fighting
with me doe breake his sword, no as I thereby haue the aduantage against him ; what shall I
ihinke of him that puttcth a new sword into his hand to kill me withall? And may it not bee
thought more fitting fur vs in these times to loose our trades of Cloth, then by sufTering these
mischiefes to put in hazard wlielher we shall haue a roimtrey left to make cloth in or no^
And yet though neither Hamburgh, Embden, nor Stode doe receiue our cloth, the necessary
vse thereof in all places is such, as they will lind means to take it from vs with our sufficient
commoditie.

And admit (which were impossible) that we damnific him neither at sea nor laod ( for vn-
lesse it be with a much more mit>hiic armie then oui>), he shall neuer be itble to withstand vs)
yet shall we by holding him at his home, free our selues from the warre at our owne wals :
the benefit whereof let them consider that best can iudge, and haue obsenied the diH'erence
of iniiailiiig, and being inuaded ; the one fining courage to the souldier, in llint it doelh
set before him commoditie and reputation ; the other a fearefull terror to the countrey-man,
who if by chance he play the man yet is he neuer the richer : and who knowing many holes
to hide himselfe in, will trie them all before he put his life in perill by fighting : whereas the
liHiadcr casielh vp his account before hie goeih out, and being abroad must fight to make
him^tclfe way, as not knowing what place or strength to tnist vnlo. I will not say what I ob-
serued in our countrey-men when the enemy oft'red to as>taile vs here: but I wish that all Kn-
gland knew what terror we gaue to the same people that frighted vs, by viitiring them at their
owne houses.

Were not Alexanders fortunes great ag.iinsi the mighlie Darius, onely in that his Maccdo>
nians thirsted after the wealth of Persia, and were bound to tight it out to the last man, be-
cau-^e the last man knew no safer way to sane himselfe then by fighting? Whereas the Persians
eitlicr trusting to continue siil masters of their wealth by yeelding to the Inuader, began to
practise against their owne king: or hauing more inward hopes, did hide thcmselues ciien
to the last, to Nee what course the Conquerour would lake in his Conquest. And did not the
aduise of Scipio, though mightily impugned at the first, prooue very sound and honourable lo
hiM countrey P Who seeing the lt(mians wonderfully ama/ed at the neeronesse of their ene-
mies F<irces, and the losses they daily sustained by them, gaur counsell rather bv w;iy of di-
ucrsion to cary an army into Afrike, and there to assaile, then by a clefensjiic w.irre at home
ta reinaine subiect to the common spoiles of an ass.niling enemie. Wl.it h being put in exe-
cution drew the enemie from the gates of Rome, and Scipio returned home with triumph: al-
beit his beginnings at the first were not so fortunate against thcin, as ours haue bene in this
smal time .-igainst the Spaniard. The good successe whereof may encourage vs to lakearmcs
resolutely against him. And I beseech God it may slirre vp all men that arc particularly in-
terested

The PotiugaU votagt.

placea of le«M diRiculiie

indering hU natunll and

Ilia furcM of old souU

)ry then won by drawin)}

n armic there at a charge

hy keeping the Sea and
Mih hU Indian marchants,

Eaxt counireyH ; without
c king able to maintainc
<t find themseltieti come,
I albeit the king orspainn
rabies, hewe maiite*, nor

from thence. Of whom
fV bee not our enemies:

• marchanlj), and so impo-
For if mv enemie iighlin;;

against him ; what shall I
thall i* And mw it not bee
th, then by auflcring these
t to make cloth in or no^
e our cloth, the necessary
from vs with our sufficient

er at sea nor land ( for vn-
lerbeableto withstand vs)

• warre at our owne waU :
ue obserued the diflcrenre
souldier, in that it doclh
error to the countrey-man,
1 who knowing many holes
I by fighting : whereas the
abroad must fight to make
I. I will not say what I ob-
ere: but I wish that all Kn-
in, by visiting them at their

, oncly in that his Maccdo-
il out to the last man, be-
ting? Whereas the Persians
g to the Inuadcr, began to

did hide thcmselues cucn
Conquest. Anil did not the
TV sound and honourable to
le' neercnesse of their cne-
unsell rather by w;iy of di-

a (lefensluc warre at home
WI.il h bring put in exc-
icdhome with triumph: al-
I, as ours haue bene in this
r encourage vs to take armcs
ncn that are particularly in-
terested

The PorlugM vouagt.

TRAFFIQUE8. AND DISCOUERIES.

it'k

tercited therein, to bcihinkc themaelucB how smill a mailer will awure them of their naXtiit,
by holding the Spaniard at a Bale, so farre oflf: whereas, if we giue him leaue quietly to
hatch and bring fuorth his preparations, it will be with danger to vs all.

He taketh not armes agauist vs by any pretense of title to the crowne of this realme, nor
led altogether with an ambicioua desire to command our countrejs but with hatred towards
our whole Nation and religion. Her maicsties Scepter ib already giuen by Bull to another,
the honours of our Nobilitie are bestowed for rewards vpon his attendants, our Clergie, our
Gentlenii*n, our Lawyers, yea all men of what condition soeuer are oflered for spoylc vnto
the common souldier. Let euery man therefore, in defence of the libertie and plentic he hath
of long enioyed, oflcr a voluntarie contribution of the smallest part of their store for the as«
surance of the rest. It were not much for euery lustice of peace, who by his blew coat pro>
tecteth the properest and most seruiceable men at euery muster from the warret, to contribute
the charge that one of these idle men doe put him to for one yeere: nor for the Lawyer, who
riseth by the dissensions of his neighbours, to take but one yecres gifts ( which they call Fees )
out of his cofl'ers. What would it hinder euery officer of the Exchequer, and other of her Males-
ties courts, who without checke doe suddenly grow to great wealth, honestly to bring foorth the
mysticall commoditie of one yceres profits ? Or the Clergie, who looke precisely for the
Tenths of euery mans increase, simpfy to bring forth the Tenth of one yeercs gathering, and
in ihankfulnesse to her Maiestie (who hath continued for all our safeties a most chargeable
warre both at land & sea ) bestow the same for her honor &c their owne assurance, vp<m an
army which may make this bloody enemy so to know himaclfe and her Maiesties power, as he
shall bethinke him what it is to mooue a stirring people t Who, though they haue receiued
some small checke by the sicknesae of this last iourney, yet doubt I not, but if it were made
knowen, that the like voyage were to bee supported by a generalitie, (that might and would
bearc the charge of a more ample prouision ) but there would of all sortes most willingly put
therosclues into the same: some caried with an honourable desire to be in action, and some
in loue of such would alfectionately folow their fortunes ; some in thirsting to reuenge the
death and hurls of their brethren, kinred, and friends : and some in hope of the picntifull
spoyles to be found in those countreys, hauing bene there already and returned poore, would
desire to goe againe, with an expectation to make amends for the last : and all, in hatred of
that cowardly proud Nation, and in contemplation of the true honour of our owne, would
with courage take armes to hazard their liues agaynst them, whom euery good Englishman
is in nature bound to hate as ati implacable enemie to England, thirsting after our blood,
and labouring to ruinc our land, with hope to bring vs vnder the yoke of perpetuall slauerie.

Against them is tnic honour to be gotten, for that we shall no sooner set foot in their
land, but that euery step wc tread will yecid vs new occasion of action, which I wish the
gallantrie of our Countrey rather to regard then to folow those soft vnprofitable pleasureti
wherein they now consume their time and patrimonie. And in ''fin or three townes of
Spaine is the wealth of all Europe gathered together, which are the "^ isins of the fruits and

firofits of the East and West Indies, whereunto I wish our yong able i'--<n, who (against the
iberlie they are borne vnto) terme themselues seming men, rather to bend their desires and
aflectinns, then to attend their double liucrie and 40 shillings by the yeere wages, and the
reuersion of the old Copyhold, for car)'ing a dish lo their masters table. But let me here
reprehend my sclfc and crane pardo for entring into a matter of such state and consequence,
the care whereof is already laid vpon a most graue and honorable counsell, who wil in their
wisdoms ftTcsee the dangers that may be threatned agaynst vs. And why do I labour to dis-
quiet the scruritic of these happy gentlemen, & the trade of those honest seruing men, by
perswading them t«) the warres when I see the profession thereof so slenderly esteemed ? For
though all our hope of peace be frustrate, and ourquarels determinable by the sword : though
our enemy hath by his owne forces, and his pensionaries industry, cOfined the vnited Pro-
uinces into a ii.iruw roume, & almost disunited the same : if he be now in a good way to
harbor himsclfc in the principall hauens of France, from whence he may front vs at pleasure:
yea though wc arc to hope tor nothing but a bloodie warre, nor can trust to any heipe but

Armcs :

l(l

,'('

i 1

!',■■< I

VOYAGES, NAUtOATIONS.

The PorlugttU voyage.

'!! ;

mhM'U:

ArmeB ; yel how far the common Mrt arc from reucrencing or re^rding any penoni or con-
duction, was too apparant in the retume of thin our ioumey, wherei.i the bane and common unul-
dier hath bene tollerated to Npeake againat the Caplaine, and the touldier and Captaine againm
the Generala, and wherein mechanicall and men of hut condicion doe dare to cenHure the
doing* of them, of whoHC acta they be not woorthy to talke.

The ancient graue degree of the Prelacic ia vpheld, thou{|h Martin raile neuer ao much, Sc
the Lawyer ii after the old maner woishipped, whoaoeuer inueigh againat him. But the an-
cicnt English honour w taken from our men of war, & their profcMxion in diagrace, though
neuer so neceiaary. Either we commit idolatry to Neptune, and will put him alone niH to
tight for va aa he did the last yeere, or we be inchanted with aome diueliiih opinion!*, thnt
trauell nothing mure then to diminish the reputation of them, vpon whoae •houldem the bur-
den of our defence againiit the eneinie mu«t lie when occaaion ahall be oflred. For whcn-
jtoeuer he shall act footc vpon our land, it is neither the preaching of the Clergie that can
turne him out againr, nor the pleading of any Lawyers that can remoue him out of powieif
fiion : no, then they will honour them whom now they thinke not on, and then must those
men stand betweene them and their perils, who are now thought vnwoorthy of any estimation.

May the burning of one towiie (which coiit the king then being xix times as much as iIiIh
hath done her maieslic, wherein were lotit seuen limes as many men as in any one seruice of
this ioiirnry, and taricd not the tenth part of our time in the enemies Counlrry) be by our
eldeni so highly reputed and sounded out by the historic of the Kralinc : and can our voyaj^e
be so meanly esteemed, wherein we burned both townrs and Countreys without the los.se of
forlie men in any such attempt ?

Did our kings in former times reward some with the greatest titles of honour for ouerthrow-
ing a number of poorc Scots, who, after one battell lost, were neuer able to reenforce ihrm-
selues against him ; and shall they in this time who haue ouerthrowen our mightie encmie in
battell, and taken his roiall Standerd in the field, besieged the marqucsseof Saralba 15 dayrs
together, that should haue bene the Generall of the Arniie against vs, brought away so muili
of his artillarie (as I haue before declared) be vnwoorlhily esteemetJ of?

Is it possible that some in some times xhould receiue their reward for looking vpon an enc-
mie, and ours in this lime not receiue so much aa thanks for hauing beaten an cnemie at
hamlic strokes?

Out it is true that no man shall bee a prophet in his Counlrey : and for my owne part I uill
l.iy aside my Armes till that profession shal haue more reputation, and line with my friends in
the rountrey, attending either some more fortunate lime to vse them, or some other good oi-
casion to make mc forget liiem.

Hut what ? shall the blind opinion of this monster, a beast of many heads. ( for so haih
the generalitie of old bene termed) cause me to neglect the profesKJon from whence I rhalenfre
some reputation, or diminish tny loue lo my countrey, which hitherto haih nourished me ^
No, it was for her sake I first looke armes, and for her sake I will bundle them so long as
I shall be able lo vse them : not rcgar(lin<; huw some men in priiiate conuenlirles do measure
mens estimations by their owne humors ; nor how eiiery popular person dneth glue scntenci-
on euery mans anions by the woisl accidents. But attending the gracious aspect of our dread
Souer.iigne, who neuer yel left vertue vnrcwarded : and depending vpon the iuslice of her
most rare and graue adiiisor.s, who by their heedie looking into euery mans worth, do giiie
encouragement to the vertuous lo exceed others in vertue: and as.suring you that there shall
neuer any thing happen more pleasing vnto me, then thai I may once againe bee a panic in
some honorable iourney .i;;ainst the Spaniard in his owne countre\, I will cease my com-
plaint : and with them that deseruc beyond me, patiently endure the vnaduiscd censure of
our malicious reproouers.

If I haue seemed in the beginning hereof troublesome vnto you, in the discourring nf
those impedimenLs, and answering the slanders which bv the vulgar malicious and mutinous
sort are laid as blemishes vpon the iourney, and reproches vpon the Generals (hauing indeed
proceeded from other heads : ) let the necessilic of conseruing the reputation of the action

The PortugaU voyage.

irding iny persons or con-
thebiM and ciimmnn kouI-
iUAer and Captaine againM
n doe dare lo ccnHure the

tin raile neuer ao much, &
li againit him. But the an-
ewtion in diagrace, thoiij;h
A will put him alone kiII to
ime diueliah opinionn, th;it
an whoac ihoulden the bur-
ihall be oflred. For whcn-
ing or the CIcrgie that can
remoue him out of poKMcs-
ol on, and then must ihoxe
nwoorthy of any estimation,
ig Hix times as nuich a% lliii
len aa in any one Keruice of
cmica Countrcy) be by our
Icalmc : and can our voyane
unlreys wiiiiout the loue of

les of honour for ouerthron-
■ucr able to reenforce thcm-
owen our mightie encmie in
irqucsaeof Saralba 15 dayct
i!tt v«, brought away »o much
me«l of?

ird for looking vpon an enc-
lauing beaten an enemie at

and for my owne part I will
, and line with my frii-mU in
hem, or some other good oi-

f many head*, ( for so haih
(fion from whence I rhaicnpe
Ifitherto hath nourished nie ?
viil handle them so long at
jate conuenticlcs do measure
r person doeth giuc scntcnri'
' gracious aspect of our dread
ding vpon the iustice of her
) euery mans worth, d«i giiic
assuring you that there shall
y once againe bee a partie in
intrev, I will cease my fom-
ure the vnaduised censure of

you, in the discouerinjj (T
il<(ar malicious and mulinoiis

the Generals (hauing imiei-d
; the reputation of the action

ill

The hon. Brte (ff Cumb. TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

in ftenerall, tt the honor* of our Generali in particular, bee my sufficient exctwe : the one
hauing by the vertue r)f the other made our countrey more dreaded St renowmed, then any
act that cuer England vndertooke before. Or if you haue thought my perawasible discourse
long in the latter end ; let the aflectionate deaire of my cnuntreya gixxl be therein anawer-
able for me. And such as it i« I pray you accept it, as only recommended to your lelfe, and
not to be deliucred to the publique view of the world, least any man take offence thereat :
which some particular men may aeeme iiiatly lo do, in that hauing deserued very well, I
ahnuld not herein giue them their due commendations : whereaa my purpose in this priuate
discourse hath bene onely to gratifle you with a touch of those principail matters that haue
pasaed, wherein I haue onely taken notes of thoae men who either comroaunded euery ser-
uicc, or were of chiefesi marke: if therefore you shall impart the same to one, and he to
another, and so it passe through my hands, I know not what constructions would be made
thereof to my preiudice; fur that the Hares eares may happily be taken for homes. How-
beit I hold it very necessary (I must confesse) that there should be some true manifestation
made of these things : but be it far from me to be the author thereof, as very vnfit to deliuer
my censure of any matter in publique, U most vnwilling to haue my weaknesse discouered
in priuate. And so I doe Icaue you to the happy succcsse of your accustomed good exer«
cises, earnestly wishing that there may be some better acceptance made of the fniits of your
studies, then there hath bene of our hazards in the wars. From London the 30 of August
1589.

The voiagc of the right honorable George Erie of Cumberland to the Azores, &c.
Written by the excellent Mathematician and Enginier master Edward Wright.

THe right honorable the Erie of Cumberland hauing at his owne charges prepared his
small Fleet of foure Sailes onely, viz. The Victorie one of the Queenes ships royall ; the
Meg and Margaret small ships, ( (me of which also he was forced soone after to send home
againe, fmding her not able to endure the Sea) and a small Carauell, and hauing assembled
together about 4UU men (or fewer) of gentlemen, soiildiem. and saylers, embarked himself
and them, and set saile from the Sound of Plimmouth in Deuonshire, the 18 day of lune
15H'J. being accompanied with these captaines and gentlemen which hereafter folow.

Caplaiiie Christopher Lister a man of great resolution, captaine Edward Carelesse, alias
Wright, who in sir Francis Drakes West Indian voyage to S. Domingo and Carthagena, wa»
raptaine of the Hope. Captaine Boswell, M. Meniin, M. Henry Long, M. Partridge, M.
Norton, M. William Mounson captaine of the Meg, and his viceadmirall, now sir William
Mounson, M. Pigeon captaine of the Carauell.

About 3 dayes after our departure from Plimmouth we met with S French ship, whereof
one was of Newhaucn, another of S. Malos, and so finding them to be Leaguers it lawful
Prises, we tooke them and sent two of them for England with all their loding, which was
fish for the most part from New>found>land, mailing that there was part thereof distributed
amongst our small Fleet, as wc could find Stow.ige for the same : and in the third, all their
men were sent home into France. The same day Sl the day folowing we met with some
other ships, whom ( when after some conference had with them, we perceiucd plainly to bee
of Koter<Hlain and Emden, bound for Hochell) we dismissed.

The 28 and ^D dayes we met diners of our English ships, returning from the Portugal!
voiage which my lord relieued with victuals. The 13 day of luly being Sonday in the
morning, we espied 1 1 ships without sight of ^ cn.ist of Spaine, in the height of 39 de-
grees, whom wee presently prepared for, & proiiided to meet them, hauin<; first set forth cap-
taine Mounson in the Meg, before vs, to descry whence they were. The Meg approrhing
neere, there passed some shot betwixt them, whereby, ns also by their Admiral and Vice-
admirall putting foorth their flags, we perceiued that some fight was likely to follow. Hau-
ing therefore fitted our seines for them, we m.ide what hast wc could towards them with re-
gard alwayes to get the wind of them, and about 10 or 1 1 of the clocke, wc came vp to
them with the Victory. But after some few shot k some litle fight passed betwixt vs, they

yeelded

«47

VOYAOBSk NAUIOATKnn,

Thi1nm.ErUt(fCumh.

J «Wf 1 foniNjf
tuwcd out of
birbour.

yeeldcd thcmteliiM, St thr mMten of them all ctme ■booid vf, thewing thrir Mucral Pat-
port* flmm the citten of Hambur)( and Uibci-k. from Br«mt. Pnmcrania and Calice.

They had in them rertaine bag* of Pepper 8c Synamom, which ihcy confeaned in be the
good* of a lew in Liabon, which ahould haue bene carted by them into their countrey to hit
Factor there, and ao finding it by their owne confeaalon to be lawful Priac. the aame wa*
•nonr after taken and deuided amongMt our whole company, the value wherof waa eateemed
to be oliout 454N) pnundM, at two iihilling* the pmind.

The 17 day the foreuid ahip* were di>miaaed, but 7 of their men that were willing to go
along with va for aailcni, we timke to hel|>e vm, and an held on our cnume for the Azorea.

The I of AugUNt being Friday in the morning, we had aight of the Hand of S. Michael,
being one of the Kaatermont of the Asorea toward which we aailed all that day, ami at night
hauing put fonrth a Spanixh flag in nur main-mp, that ao they might the lewe auaprct v«,
we approrhfd nrere to the rhirfe towne and road of that lland, where we eapird 3 *hip«
riding at anker and M>mr othrr ve<iiielii : all which we determined to take in the darke of the
night, and accordingly attempted al>out lU or II of the clocke, Mending our boatN well
manned to cut thrir cable* and hsuKem, and let them driue into the aea. Our men comminp
to them, found i one of thoae grrateitt «hip<t wa>» the Falcon of London being there vnder a
Scntiinh Pilot wlio bare the name of her a« hiii own. Bui S other ttmal whip* that lay neere
vnder the caDlle there, our men let looae and towed them awav vntn v*, mottt of the Spa-
niard* that were in them Imping ouer-boord and swimming toahore with lowd and lamentanlt
outrrica, which they of the towne bearing were in an vprore, and anxwcred with the like
cryin/;. The raalle di^tcliarged Home great shot at our boatit, but ahooting withoul marke by
reason of the darknciwe they did vs no hurt. The Srotx likewise discharged 3 great piecrK
into the aire tn make the Spaniard* thinke they were their friend* an:l our enrmiea, and abort-
ly after the Scottiah maMer, k itonie other with him, came abonni to my lord doing their
dutie, and oflring their aeruicr, tec. The*e 3 »\\\[m were fraught with wine and Sallet-oilc
from Siuil.

The same day our Carauel rhaiied a Spanish Cnrauel to »hnre at S. Michael, which caried
letters thither, by which wc learned that the Carak* were departed from Terccra 8 dayea be-
fore.

The 7 of Auguat we had sight of a litle ahip which wee cha*ed toward* Tercera with our
pinnaiMe ( the weather being calme) and inward* euening we onertooke her. there were in
her .'Mtunneaof good Madera wine, crrtaine woollen cintit, ailke, taflhia, flee. The 14 of
Aii!»u*t wc came to the IlamI of Flores where we determined to take in aome fret.h water
niul fre^th victual*, xurh a* the lland did alfoonl. So we manned our boat* with some 1'^)
n»cn and rowed trwanl* the ahore ; whcretn vvhen we approrhe<l the inhabitant* that were
a^Hombled at the landing place, put foorth a flog of tnice, whereupon we al*n did the like.

When we came to them, my l.or«I gauc them to vnder*tand by hi* Portiigall interpreter,
that he wa* a friend to their king Don Antonio, and came not any way to Iniury the, but
that he ment onely to haue some fresh water and fre*h victual* of them, by way of exchan;;e
for *ome proui.sinn that ho had, n* «ile. wine, or pepper, to which they presently agreed
willingly, & sent aome of their company for beeue* and aheepe. and we in the meane sea-
*on marched Southward about n mile to Villa dc Santa Cruz, from wlience all the inhabitant*
yong and old were departed, and not any thing of value left. We demanding of them what
wa* the cau*e hereof, they answered, Fenre ; a* their vsuall maner was when any ships came
ncere their coast.

We found that part of the lland to be full of great rockie barren hil* and mountains, liilc
inhabited by reason that it i* mole^led with ship* of war whirh might partly appeare by this
towne of Santa Cruz (being one of their chicfe towne*) which waa all ruinous, and (as it
were) but the rclique* of the ancient towne which had bene burnt about two yeeres before
by rertaine English ship* of war, a* the inhabitants there reported

At euening as we were in rowing towards the Victory, an huge fiah pursued vs for the
space well nij;h of two miles together, distant for the most part fro the boala alcrne not a

apearci

Tht km. Erlt if Cumh.

■hewiriR ihrir Mucral Pat-
crania and Calire.
h they confcu-oed to be the
II into thrir counircy to hit
awful Priic, the «amc yiM
value wherof waa ealeemeU

nen that were willing to go
ir counte for the Aiorea.
nf the Hand of S. Michael,
•d all that day, and at night
might the le*ie aiiKpecl vn,
;|, where we eapird 3 ahipn
to take in the darke of the
ke, (lending our boatH well
the aea. Our men commiiif
Lnndim being there vnder a
ler ninal »hip« that lay neere
vnto VII, rnodt of the Spa-
ire with lowd and lamentable
and annwcred with the like
I ahooting without marke by
le discharged 3 great picre'j
I an:l our enemiea, and ahort-
oonl to my lord doing their
^ht with wine and Sallet-oilc

> at S. Michael, which caried
ted from Terccra 8 dayea bc-

led lowardH Tercera with our
[>iiertooke her, there were in
Ike, tadhta, fcr. The 14 of
to take in aome frrnh water
ned our boat* with nome VH)
rd the inhabitanM that were
■eupon we aUo did the like.
by his Fortugall interpreter,
any way to iniury the, but
)f thim, Dy way or'exchan;;e
which thejf prcucntly agreed
e, and we in the meane nea*
>m wlience all the inhabitants
We demanding of them what
ner was when any ahipa came

rren hil« and mountains, liiic
might partly appeare by thii

ch was all ruinous and (as it

lurnt about two yeeres before

rted

huge flah pursued vs for the

tart fro the boats stcrne not a
spearci

'the hon. Erlt of Cumh. TRAFFtQUES, AND DISCOURHn-S.

<}49

a|>earcs length, an<l sometimes so neere that the boat stroke vpon him, the lipa of whine
(inncN about the ghils (ap|>earing oft limes ahuue the water) were by esiimaliun 4 ur {i
yards asunder, and his inwes gaping a yard and nii Imifc wide, which put vs in feure of ouer-
turning the pinnaMie, but Uod bee thanked (rowing as hard as wc could) we eNca|)ed.

When we were about Florcsa litic ship called the Drake, brought \s uorti that the Caraks
were at Tercera, of which newcs we were very glad, & sped vs thitherward with all the speed
wc could: and by the way we came to Fayal road the seucii and twentieth day of August,
alter siniiie set, where we espied ccrtainc shippcs ryding at anker, to whom we sent in our
SkitVe with Caplaine Lister and (^aplaine Monson in her to discouer the roadcrs : at\d least
any daunger should happen to our boate, we sent in likewise the Sawsie lacke and the small
Caraucll ; but the wind being oil' the shoare, the shiupes were not able lo fet it so nigh as
the Spaniards ride, which neiierthelessc the boalc did, aiil clapped a ahippe abooni of two
hundred and liflie tunnes, wliich caried in her foiirteene cast pceces, and continued fight alone
with her for the space of one hoiire \ntill the comming vp of other boates to the reskur of
her, which were sent from the shippcs, and then a fresh boording her againe one boate in
the (luurtcr, another in the hause, wee entred her on the one side, and all the Spaniards lept
nucruuord on the other, saue luan de I'alma the Captainc of her and two or three more, and
thus we became posNeMors of her. This shippc was mored to the Castle which shot at vi all
this while : the oncly hurt which we recciued of all this shot was this, that the master of our
Carauell had the calfc nl' his leg}{c shut away. This shippe was laden with Sugar, Ginger,
and hides lately come from S. luun de Puerto Kico ; after we had towed her cicare off the
cisile, we rowed in againe with our boats, and fetched out (iue small ships more, one laden
with hides, another with Elephants teeth, graines, coco-nuts, an<l goates skins come from
Guinie, another with woad, and two with doggc-(i<<h, which two last wc let driue in the sea
making none lucouiit i>f them. The other foure we sent for England the 30 of August.

At the takiinj of these Prizes were consorted with vs nonic oiher small men of warre, as
Maistcr Inhn Dauis, with his shippe, Pinnesse, and Boate, Cuptaine Markesburic with his
shi|>, whose cwner was Sir Waller Italegh, the Barke of Lime, which was also consorted with
vs before.

rhe last of August in the morning we came in sight of Tercera, being about some nine
or ten leagues from shoare, where we espied comming towards vs, a small boat vnder saile,
which seemed somewhat strange vnto vs, being so farre from land, and no shippe in sight,
to which they might belong: but comming neere, they put vs out of doubt, shewing thry
were English n»cn (ei>;hi in number) that had lately beene prisoners in Tercera, and finding Anticip. cfs
opporiunitie to e«eapc at that time, with that small boat committed themsclues to the sea, Enr'',>i'w'"
vnder (iiuls prouidcncc, hailing no other yard for their main* saile, but two pipe staues tyed '""' ^"""•
together by the endes, and no more prouision of victuals, then they could bring in their
pockets and bosomes. llauing taken them all into the Victorie, they gauc vs certaine in-
lelligcncc, that the ("arackes were deprted from thence about a weeke brfore.

Thus Ineing without any further hope of those Caraks, we resolued to returnc forFayall,
with intent to surprise the tuwne, but vntill the ninth of September, we had either the winde
so contrary, it the weather so calme. that in all that time, wc made scarce nine or ten leagues
way* lingring V]i :ind downc not farre from Pico.

The tenth of Septeml)er, being Wednesday in the afternoone, wee came againe to Fayal
roade. Whereupon immediatly my Lord sent Captainc Lister, with one of Graciosa (whom
Captainc Miinson had iicforc taken) and some others, towards Fayal, whom certaine of the
Inhabitants met in a boat, and came with Captainc Lister to my Lord, to whom hee gaue this
choice: either to sutler him quietly to enter into the platformc there without resistance, where
he and his cnmpanie would reniaine a spare without oAcring any iniurie to them, that they
(the Inhibitanis) might come vnto him and compound for the ransome of theTowne; or
else to stand to the hazard of warre.

With these words they returned to the lownc : but the kcepen of the platforme answered,
dull it was against their oath and allcgeance to king Philip to giue ouer without fight. Where-

voi.. II. 4 O upon

690

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The htm. Erie of Oumi.

The lalun( of
ih< towiM ind
phtformf of
Fiyal.

Adocription
of the townr
if FiitL

upon my Lord commanded the boates or euery ship, to be presently manned, and soone
after landed his men on the aandie shoare, vnder the side of an hill, about haire a league to
the Northwards from the platforme: vpon the toppe of v/hich hill certaine horsemen and foot-
men shewed themselues, and other two companies also appeared, with ensignes displayed,
the one before the towne vpon the shore by the sea side, which marched towards nur land-
ing place, as though they would encounter vs; the other in a valley to the Southwards of the
platforme, as if they would hauc come to heipe the Townesmen : during which time, they
in the platforme also played vpon vswith great Ordinance. Notwithstanding my L. (hnuinfr
wt his men in order) marched along the sea shore, vpon the sands, betwixt the sea k the
trwne towards the platforme for the space of a mile or more, Sc then the shore growin<;
rockie, & permitting no further progresse without much difficultie, he entred into the towne
& paaMd through the street without resistance, vnto the platforme; for those companies
bcMre mcntionea at my Lo. approching, were soone dispersed, and suddenly vanished.

likewise they of the platforme, being all fled at my Lordes comming thither, left him
and his company to scale the walles, to enter and take {MMitession without resifttance.

In the meanc time our shippes censed not to batter the foresaid Towne and Platforme with
great shotte, till such time as we saw the Red-Crosse of England flourishing vpon the Fore-
front thereof.

This Fayal is the principall towne in all that is land. Si is situate directly ouer against the
high and inighty mountaine Pico, lying towards the West Northwest from that mountaine,
being deuided therefrom by a narrow Siea, which at that place is by estimation about some
two or three leagues in bredth bctwcene the lies of Fayal ami Pico.

The towne ronteyned some three hundrcti housholds, their hoimcs were faire and strongly
builded of lime and stone, and double coucred with hollow lyles much like our roofe-tylcs,
but that they are lesse at the one end then at the other.

Eucry house almowt had a cisterne or well in a garden on the backe side : in which gar-
dens grew vines (with ripe clusters of grapes) making pleasant shadowcs, and Tabacco
nowe commonly knowen and vsed in England, wherewith their women there dye their faces
reddish, to make them seeme fresh and young: Pepper Indian and common; figge-lrees
bearing both white and red tigges: Peach trees not growing very tall: Orenges, Limon*,
Quinces, Potato-roots &c. Sweete wood (Cedar I thinke) is there very common, euen
for building and tiring

My Lord hauing pimsessed himselfe of the towne and platforme, and l>cing carefnll of the
prestTuation of the towne, ganc commandemcnl, that no mariner or soiildier should enter
into any house, to make any s|K>y le thereof. Hut especially he was carefnll that the Chnrche.s
and houses of religion there should l)c kept inuiolale, which was accordingly performed,
through his appointment of guarders and keepers for those places : but the rest of the towne
eyther for want of the former inhibition, or lor desire of spoyle & prey, was rifled, & ran-
sacked b\ the souldiers & mariners, who scarcely left any house vnsearched, out of which
they tookc such things as liked them, as chestes of sweete wood, chaires, cloth, couerlets,
hangings, bedding, apparell: and further ranged into the countrey, where some of them
also were hurt by the inhabitants. The Friery there conteyning and maintayning thirtie Fran-
ciscan Friers (among whom we could not iiiide any one able to speake true Latine) was
builded by a Fryer of Angra in Tercera of the same order, about the yeare of our lx>nl otie
thousand fiuc hundred and sixe. The tables in the hall had seates for the one side onely, and
were alwayes coucred, as readie at ail times for dinner or supper.

From Wednesday in the afternoonc, at which time we entred the townr, til Saturday night,
we continued there, vntill ihe Inhabitants ha<l agreed and payed for the ransome of the towne,
two thousand durkats, most part whereof was Church-plate.

We found in the platforme ei.!;ht and liflie ynn peeces of Ordinance, whereof three and
Iwentie (as I remember) or more were readie mounted vpon their carriages, betweene ftir-
ricadoes, vpon a platforme lowardes the sea-side, all which Ordinance wee tooke, and set the
platforme on fire, and so departed: My Lord hauing inuited to diii>ier in the Victorie, on the

Sunday

rhc hon. Erie of Oumi.

Thehon. ErleofCumb. TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Sunday following, so many of the Inhabitant!) as would willingly come (saue onely Diego
Gomes the Gouernnur, who came but once onely to parte about the ransome) onely fuure
came and were well entertained, and solemnely dismissed with sound of drumme and trum-
pets, and a peale of Onlinance: to whom my Lord deliuered his letter subscribed with his
owne hand, importing a request to all other Englishmen to abstaine from any further molest-
ing them, saue onely for fresh water, and victuals necessary for their intended voyage.
During our abode here (viz. the 11 of September) two men came out of Pico which had
beene prisoners there : Also at Fayal we set at libertic a prisoner translated from S. lago who
was cousin to a seruant of Don Anthonio king of Portugall in England : These prisoners we
deteyned with vs.

On Mimday we sent o«ir boates a shore for fresh water, which (by reason of the raine that
fell the former night) came plentifully running downe the hilles, and would otherwise haue
beene hard to be gotten there. On Tuesday likewise hauing ngt yet sufficiently serucd our
turnes, we sent againc for fresh water, which was then not so easie to be gotten as the day
before, by reason of a great windc : which in the afternoone increased also in such sort, that
we thought it not .safe to ride so neere the land ; whereupon we weyed anker and so departed
Northwest and by west, alongst the coast of Fayal Island. Some of the Inhabitants comming
aboord to vs this day, tolde vs that alwayes abr .it that time of the yeere such wiiides West
Southwest blew on that coxst.

This day, as we sayled neere Saint Georjes Island, a huge tish lying still a litle vnder wa-
ter, or rather euen therewith, appeared hard by a head of vs, the sea breaking vpon his backe,
which was blacke coloured, in such sort as deeming at the first it had beene a rocke, and the
khip stemming directly with him, we were put in a sudden feare for the time: till soone after
we saw him moue out of the way.

The 16 of September in the night it lightened much, whereupon there followed great
winds and raine which continued the 17 18' 19 20 and 81 of the same. The 83 of Septem-
ber we came againe into Faial road to weigh an anker which ( for haste and feare of foule
weather) wee had left there before, where we went on shore to see the towne, the people
(as we thought) hauing now setled themselues there againe, but notwithstanding many of
them through too much distrustfulnesse, departed and prepared to depart with their packets
at the first sight of vs : vntill such time as they were a.ssured by my Lord, that our comming
was not any way to iniury them, but especially to haue fresh water, and some other thingi
needefiil for vs, contenting them for the same.

So then we viewed the Towne quietly, and bought such things as we desired for our
money as if we had bene in England. And they helped to fill vs in fresh water, receiuing for
their paiiiesKiich satisfaction as contented them.

The 'J j day we were forced ag.iine to depart from thence, before we had sufficiently wa-
tered, by reason of a great tempest that suddenly arose in the night, in so much, that my
Lonl himsclfe s«»one after midnight raysed our men out of their Cabines to wey anker, hini-
selfe aNo together with them haling at the ('apsten, and after chcariiig them vp with wine.
The next day we sent our Carauel and the Sawsie-Iacke to the road of Saint Michael, to see
what they could espie: we following after them vpon the 27 day, plying to and fro, came
within *i^ht of S. Michael, but by contrary windes the 'iS 29 and JO dayes wee were driuen
to Icewardc, and could not get neere the Island.

The first of October wee sayled alongst Tercera, and euen against Brasill (a promontorie
neere to Angra the strongest Towne in that Island) wee espied som'> boates comming to the
Towne, and made out tuwanles them: but being neere to the landc ihey ranne to shoare and
escaped vs.

In the afternoone we came neere to Graciosa, whereupon my Lord foorthwitii sent Cap-
tain Lister to the llanders, to let them vnderstand that his desire was onely to haue water and
wine of them, and some fresh victuals, and not any further to trouble them. They answered
they could giue no resolute answere to this demaund, vntill the Gouernors of the Hand had
lonsultfd therevpon, and therefore desired him to send againe to them the next day.

4 O 2 Vpon

651

669

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

The hon. E. of Cumb.

1 r il ■••{ '' 'f "m •.'•

Vpon the second day of October early in the morning, we sent forth our long boat and
Pinnesse, with emptie Caske, and about some firtie or sixty men together with the Margaret,
and Captaine Dauis his shippc : for we now wanted all the rest of our consnrtes. But when
our men would haue landed, the llandcrs shot at them, and would not suffer them. And
troupes of men appeared vpon land, with ensignes displayed to resist vs : So our boates rowed
alongst the shoare, to finde some place where they might land, not with too much disaduantage:
our shippes and they still shooting at the Ilanders: but no place could be founde where they
might land without great perill of loosing many of their liuei), and so were consirayned tn
retire without receiuing any answere, as was promised the day before. We had three men
hurt in this conflict, whilest our boates were together in consulting what was best to be done-
two of them were stroken with a great shot (which the llanders drew from place to plarc
with Oxen) wherewith the one lost his hand, and the other his life within two or three daycs
after: the third was shot into his necke with a small shot, without any great hurt.

With these newes our company returned barke againe at night, whereupon preparation was
made to goe to them againe the next day: but the day was farre s|>ent before we could come
ncere them with our ship: neither could we iinde any good ground to anker in, where we
might lye to batter the Towne, and further we could fmdc no landing place, without great
danger to loose many men : which might tnrne not only to the onerthrow of our vniage, but
also put the Queenes ship in great perill for want of men to bring her home. Therefore my
Lord thought it best to write to them to this effect : That he could not a litle maruell at their
inhumanitie and crucltie which they had sliewed towards his men. seeing they were sent by
him vnto them in peaceable manner to receine their answere which they had promised to
giue the day before : and that were it not for Don Antonio their lawful king his sake, he
could not put vp so great iniury at iheir hands, without iust rcuengement vpon them :
notwithstanding for Don Antonio his sake, whose friend he was, he was yet content tosend to
them once againe for their answere : At night Captaine Lister returned with this answere
from them. That their Gunner .shot off one of their pieces, which was charged with p<iuder
onely, and was stopped ; which our men thinking it h.id bin shot at them, shot againe, and
so begannc the tight : and thai the ne\t morning they would send my I<oid a resolute
answere to his demaimde, for as yet they could not knowc their Gouemours minde herein.
The next morning there came vnto vs a boate from the shoare with a flagge of truer,
wherein were three of the chiefe men of the Island, who agreed with Ihy I.ordc that hoc
should haue of them sixtie buites of wine, and fresh victuals to refresh himselfe and his compa-
niewithall: but as for freshwater, they could not satisfie our necde therein, hauing them-
selues little or none, sauing such as they saued in vessels or cisternes when it rayned. and that
they l>ad rather giue vs two lunncs of wine then one of water: but they requested that our
souldicrs might not come on shoare, for they themselues would bring all they had promised
to the water-side, which request was graunted, we keeping (me of them .iboord with vs vn-
till their promise was performed, and the other we sent to shoare with our einplie Caske, and
some of our men to helpe to (ill, and bring them away with such other |)roiiisii)n as w.ts jiro-
mised: so the Margaret, Captaine Dauis his shippe, and another of Weymouth slaved rydin;;
at anker before the Towne, to take in our prouision. This shippc of Weymouth came t>ivs
the day before, and had taken a rich Prize (as it was reported) worth sixteene thous;ind
pound, which brought vs newes that the Wcst-Indian Fleetc was not yet come, but would
come very shortly. But we with the Victorie put oil' t<i sea, and vpon .Satunlay the fourth of
October, we tookea French shippe of .Saint Maio (a citic of the vnhijy league) hnlen with
fish from Newfoundland: which had beene in so great a tempest, that she was consiraynrd
to cut her mayne mast ouerboord for her salelie, and was now comming to CJraciosa, to re-

Iiaire her selfe. Bui so hardly it befell her, that she did not ondy not repairc her former
osses, but lost all that remayned vnto vs. The chiefe of our mrii we tooke into our ship,
and bcnt some of our men, mariners, and souldiers into her to bring her into England.

Vpon the Sunday following at night, all our promised prouision was brought vnto vs from
Gratiosa : and we friendly dismissed the llamlers with a peale of Ordinance.

Vpon

n't

The Hon. E. of Cumi-

The hon. Erie of Cumb. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

Vpon Munday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, we plyed to and fro about those Mandes, being .
very rough weather. And vpon Thursday at night, being driuen some three or foure leagues
from Tercera, we saw (ifteene saile of the West-Indian Fleete comming into the Hauen at
Angra in Terceni. But the winde was such, that for the space of foure dayes after, though
wee lay as close by the winue as was possible, yet we could not come neere them. In this
time we lost our late French Prize, not being able to lie so neere the winde as we, and heard
no more of her till we came to England where shee safely arriued. Vpon Muiiday we came
very neere the Hauens mouth, being minded to haue rimne in amongst them, and to haue
fetched out some of them if it had beene possible: But in the end this enterprise was deemed
too daungerous, considering the strength of the place where they rode, being haled and
towed in necrer the towne, at the first sight of our approching, and lying vnder the protec-
tion of the Castle of Brasil, on the one side (hauing in it fine and twentie peeccs of Ordi-
nance] and a fort on the other side wherein were 13 or li great brasse pieces. Besides,
when we came neere land the winde prooued too scant for vs to attempt any such enter-
prise.

Vpon Tuesday the fourteenth of October we sent ourboate to the roade to sound the depth,
to see if there were any ankoring place for vs, where we might lie without shot of the Castle
and Fort, and within shot of some of those shippes, that we might either make them come
out to vs, or sinkc them where they lay. Our boate returned hauing found out such a place
us we desired, but the winde would not sufl'er vs to come neere it, and againe if we could
haue ankored there, it was thought likely that they would rather ninne themselues a ground
to saue their lines and liberties, and some of their goods, then come foorth to loose their li-
berties and goods to vs their enemies. So we shot at them to see if we could reach them,
but it fell farre .short. And thus we deparled, thinking it not probable that they would come
foorth so long as we watched for them before the hauens mouth, or within sight of them. For
the xpacc of fiue duycs after we put olT to sea, and lay without sight of them, and sent a pin-
nesse to lie out of sight close by the shore, to bring vs word if they should come foorth. After
a while the Pinnesse returned and tolde vs that those shippes in the Hauen had taken downe
their sayles, and let downe their loppe mastrs: so that wee supposed they would neuercome
foorth, till they perceiued vs to bee quite gone.

Whcrclore vpon the 20 of October, hearing that there were certaine Scottish ships at Saint
Michael, we sayled thither, and found there one Scottish roader, and two or three more at
Villa Frania, the next road a league or two from the towne of S. Michael, to the Eastwards:
of whtmi we had lor our reliofe some small quantiiie of wine (viz. some fiue or sixe buttes
of them all) and some fretih water, but nothing sufficient to serue our tnrne.

Vpon Tuc>day the one and twentieth of October, we sent our long boate to shore for fresh
water at a hrooke a little to the Westwards from Villa Franca.

But the Inh.ihiiants cspyin<r vs came downe with two Ensignes displayed, and about some
hundred and Hftic men arnieil, to withstand our landing. So our men hauing spent all their
pouder vpon t'lein in attempting to land, and not being able to preuaile at so great oddes,
returned Iru^tratc.

From hence we dcp.irted lowanls Saint Maries Island, minding to water there, and then to
goe for the coast of Sp.tir.p Fur we had intellTgence that it was a place of no great force,
and that we might water there very well: therefore vpon Friday following, mv Lord sent
Captaiie Listi r, and Taptainc Amias Preston now Sir Amias Preston (who not long before
came to vs out of his owne sliippc, and she loosing vs in the night, hee was forced to tarry
still with \s) with our long boate and Pinnes.Ke, and some sixtic or scuentie shotte in them,
with a friendly letter to the llanders, that they would grant vs leaue to water, and we would
no furtlier In iibic them.

So wc departed from the Viclorie for the Hand, about nine of the clocke in the forenoonc,
androwed freshly vntill ab^uit 3 a clocke alternoonc. At which time our men being some-
thing iveary with rowing, and being within a league or two of the shore, and 4 or 5 leagues
from the Victorir, they espied (to their rerreshing) two shippes ryding at anker hard vnder

the

6b3

Hhi

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The hon. Erie of Cumb.

the towne, whereupon hauing shifted some 6 or 7 of our meti into Captaine Dauis hig boale,
being too much pestered in our owne, and rclayning with vs some ^ shot in the pinnesse',
we made way towardea them with all the speede wc could.

By the way as we rowed we saw boatcs passing betwixt the roaders and the shore, and men
in their shirtes swimming and wading to shoare, who as we perceiued afterwardes, were la-
bouring to set those shippes fast on ground, and the Inhabitants as busily preparing them-
selues for the defence of those roaders, their Hand, and themselues. When we came nccre
them, Captaine Lister commaunded the Trumpets to be sounded, but prohibited any shot to
be discharged at them, vniill they had direction from him: But some of the companie, either
not well perceiuing or regarding what hesayd, immediatly vpon the sound of the Truinpeti.
discharged their pieces at the Islanders, which for the most part lay in trenches and fortefied
places vnseene, to their owne best aduantage : who immediatly shot likewise at vs, both witli
small and great shot, without danger to themselues: Notwithstanding Captaine Lister earn-
estly hastened forward the Saylers that rowed, who beganne to shrinkc at that shot, flying so
fast about their eares, and himselfe first cntring one of the shippes that lay a litle further
from shoare then the other, we spedily followed after him into her, still plying them with
our shot. And hauing cut in sunder her Cables and Hausers, towed her away with our Pin-
nesse. In the meane time Captaine Dauis his boate ouertooke vs and cntred into the other
shippe, which also (as the former) was forsaken by all her men : but they were constrayned
to ieaue her & to come againe into their boate (whitest shot and stones from shoare flew faM
amongst them ) finding her to stickc so fast a grounde, that they could not stire her: which the
Towneamen also perceiuing, and seeing that they were but feue in number, and vs (busied
about the other ship) not comming to ayde them, were preparing to haue come and taken them.
But they returned vnto vs, and so together we came a«sray towards the Victory, towing after
vs the Prize that wc had now taken, which was lately conic from Brasil, lodcn with Sugar.

In this fight we had two men slainc and 16 wounded : and as lor them, it is like they had
litle hurt, lying for the most part behind stone wallcs, which were builded one aboue ano-
ther hard by the sea side, vpon the end of the hill whereupon the Townc stoodc betwixt two
vallies. Vpon the toppe of the hill lay their great Ordinaiirc (such as they had) wherewith
they shot leaden bullets, whereof one pierced through our Prizes side, and lay still in the
shippe witiiout doing any more hamic.

The next day we went againe for water to the same H.iikI, but not knowini; before the
iiironuenience and disuaduaniage of the place where we attempted to land, we returned
frustrate.

The same night the 2.'> of October wc departed for S. Georges Hand for fresh water, whi-
ther wc came on Munday following October 'i7, and hauing cspicil where a spout of wnter
came running downc : the pinnesse and long boate wen- prrseiitly manned and sent vndcr
the conduct of Captaine Preston, and Captaine .Munson, !■ in horn my Lord sent a lettcrio
the llandcri as before, to grant vs Icaue to water onely, i, .i we would no further Ironblr
them: notwithstanding our men comming on shoare found .some of the poorc llanders, which
for fearc of vs hid theinscUies amongst the rockcs.

And on Wednesday following our boats returned with fresh water, whereof they brouphi
only sixe tunnes for the Viciorie, aliiagiiig they could get no more, thinking (as it was sup-
posed) that my I/ord hauing no more proiiision of water and wine, but onelv 12 tuiiiie>',
would not goc for the coast of Spaine, but straight for the const of Lni;land, as many of our
men greatly desired: notwithstanding my Lord w.-is Miwilling so to doe, and was minded the
next day to haue taken in more water: but through rou^hncsse of the seas and winde. ami
vnwillingnessc of his men it was not done. Yet liis i Ion. purposed not to returne with so
much pruuision vns|)eiit, and his voyage (as he thought ) not yet performed in such sort a-
mought giue some reasonable contentment or satisfaction to himselfe and others.

Therefore because no more water could iiowcunueiiienlly be gotten, and being vncertaiiie
when it could be gotten, and tite time of our slaying uboord also vncertaine, the matter being
refcrrcfi to the choyse of the whole companie, whither ihev would tnrrie longer, till wee might

rhe hoH. Erie of Cuiiib.

The hon. Erh of Cumb. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

be more suflRciently prouided of fresh water, or goe by the coast of Spaine for Enghnd,
with haife so much allowance of drinke m before, they willingly agreed that euery mease
should bee allowed at one meale but halfe so much drinke as they were accustomed (except
them that were sicke or wounded) and so to goe for England, taking the coast of Spaine in
our way, to see if we could that way make vp our voyage.

Vpon Saturday Octob. 31 we sent the Margaret (because she leaked much) directly for
England, together with the Prize of Brasilc which we tooke at S. Marie, and in them some
of our hurt and wounded men or otherwise sicke were sent home as they desired, for En-
gland : but Captaine Monson was taken out of the Megge into the Victorie.

So we held on our course for the coast of Spaine with a faire winde and a large which before
we seldome had. And vpon Twesday following being the 4 of Nouemb. we espied a saile
right before vs, which we chased till ai>out three a clockein the aftemoone, at which time we
ouertaking her, she stroke sayle, and being demaunded who was her owner and from whence
she was, they answered, a Portugall, and from Pernanbucke in Brasile. She was a ship of
some 110 tuns burden, fr:ii<;hted with 41U cheste:« of Sugar, and 50 Kintals of BrasilNwood,
euery Kintail contayning one hundred pound weight: we tooke her in latitude nine and twen-
tie degrees, about two hundred leagues from Lisbone westwards: Captaine Preston was pre-
sently sent vnto her, who brouuht the principall of her men abooni the Victorie, and certaine
of our men, mariners and snuldiers were sent aboord her. The Portugals of this Prize told
vs that they saw another ship before them that day about noone. Hauing therefore dispatched
all things about the Prize aforesaid and left our long boat with C.iptaine Dauis, taking his
lesser boat with vs, we made way after this other »hip with all the savles we could beare,
holding on our course due East, and giuing order to Captaine Dauis his ship and the Prize
that they should follow vs due East, and that if they had sight of vs the morning following
they should follow vs still: if not they should goe for England.

The next morning tut espied not the sayle which we chased, and Captaine Dauis his ship
ar J the Prize were behinde vs out uf sight: but the next Thursday the sixt of Nouember (being
in latitude 38 degfecs 30 minutes, and about sixtie leagues from Lisbone westwards) early in
the morning Captaine Preston descried a sayle some two or three leagues a head of vs, after
which we presently hastened our chase, and uueriooke her about eight or nine of the clocke
before noone. She came lately from Saint Michaels roade, hauing beene before at Brasill
toden with Sugar and Rrasile. Hauing sent our boat to them to bring some of the chiefe of
their men aboord the Victorie, in the meane time whilest they were in comming to vs one
out of the mainc toppe espied another saile a head some three or foure leagues from vs. So
immediately vpon the returnc of our buate, hauing sent her backe againewith some of our
men aboord the prize, we pursued speedily this new chase, with all the sayles we could
packe on, and about two a dorke in the aFternoone ouertooke her: she had made prouision
l« fight with vs, hauing hanged ihc sides of the shippc so thicke with hides (wherewith es-
pecially she was lodrn) that musket shot rould not haue pearced them: but yer we had dis-
charged tv*o great pceces of our Ordinance at her, she stroke sayie, and approching neerer, we
asking of whence they were, they answered from the West-Indies, from Mexico, and Saint
lohndc Lowe (truely called Vlhua ) This ship was of some three or foure hundred tunnes,
and had in her seuen hundred hides worth tenne shillings a peece: sixe chests of Cochi-
nell, euery chest houlding one hundred pound weight, and euery pound worth sixe and twen-
tie shillings and eight pence, and certaine chests of Sugar and China dishes, with some plate
and siluer.

The Captaine of her was an Italian, and by his behauiour seemed to be a graue, wise,
and ciuill man: he had put an aduenture in this shippe fiue and twentic thousand Duckats.
Wee tooke him with certaine other of her chicfest men (which were Spaniards) into the
Victorie: and Captaine Lister with so manic other of the chiefest of our Mariners, souldiere,
and saylers as were thought sulfuieitt, to the number of iW. or thereabouts, were sent into
her. In the meane time (we staying) our other prizes which followed after, came vp to vs
And nowe wee had onr hands full and with ioy shaped our course for England, for s(< it was thought

meeteat,

65S

>\1
i

«M

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The hon. Erie of Cumb.

: t f ' /f • 1 il

mcctest, hailing now so many Portugals Spaniards and Frenchmen amongot V8, that if y>e
should liaue taken any more prizes afierwardit, wee had not bene well able to haue manned
them without endangering; our selues. So about aix of the clocke in the afiernonnc (when
our other prize had ouerlaken vs) wee set saile for England. But our prizes not being able
to beare vs company without sparing them many of our iKailes, which caused our ship to
rouie and wallow, in such sort that it wan not onely very troublesome to vs, but, as it was
thought, would also hane put the maine Maste in danger of falling ouerboord : hauing ac-
quainted them with these inconueniences, we gauc thrm direction to kecpe their courses to-
gether, folowing vs, and so to come to Portsmouth. We tooke this last prize in the latitude
of 39. degrees, and about 46. leagues to the Westwards from the Itocke.

She was one of those 16. ships which we saw going into the hauen at Angra in Terpen.
October 8. Some df the men that we tooke out of her, tolde vs, that whitest wee were plv-
ing vp and downe before that hauen, as before was shewed, expecting the comming foorth ol
those shippes, three of the greatest and best of them, at the appointment of the Goucrnour
of Tergcra were vnloden of their treasure and marchundize. And in euery of them were pm
three hundred Souldiers, which were appointed to haue come to lay the Victory aboord in
the night, and take her : but when this should haue bene done the Victory was gone out nl
their sight.

Now we went mcerily before the winde with all the sailes we could beare, insomuch iliat in
the space of 'ii. houres, wc sailed necre 47. leagues, that is seuenscore English miles, be-
twixt Friday at noone and Saturday at noone ( notwithstanding the shippe was very funic, and
much grownc with long being at Sen) which caused some of our company to make .-cctinipi
they would sec what running at Tilt there should bee nt Whitehall vpon the Queenes day.
Others were imagining wh.nt n Christmas they would kecpe in England with their shares nl
the prizes wc h.-id taken. Hut so it befell, that wc kept a colde Christmas with the Bishop
and his riearks (rockes that lye to the Westwards from Sylly, and the Wcstcrnc parts of En-
gland :) For soone after the wind scanting came about to ilic E:iMtwards (the worst part <it
the heauens for vs, from which the windo roulil blow ) in >uth sort, that vjc could not fetch
any part of England. And hereupon also our allowance ofdrinkc, which was scant ynoiigh
before, was vet more scanted, bc(ause of the .scarciiic thereof in ihe shippe. So that now
a man was allowed but halfc a pinte at a mcale, and that many limes colde w.itcr, and scarce
sw'ceie. Notwilhslaiidiiig this was an happie estate in coinjKuison of that which followed:
For from halfe a pinte we canie lo a quarter, and thai lasted not lung neither, so that by rc.i.
son of this great scarsilie of drinke, and contrarietie of windc, wc thought to put into Ire-
land, there to relieue our wants. But when wee came iiccre thither, lying at liull all ni^lii
( tarrying for the dayliglu ol the ne.st morning, whereby we inii;hl the salelycr bring our nlijji
into some coiiuciiient harbour there) we wcrcdriucn m) farrc to ice-ward, that wc could fetch
no part o'" Ireland, so as with heauic hearts and sad chearc, wee were consircincd to returiie
backe ugaiiie, and expect till it should please (iod lo send \s a f,iire winde cither for England
or Ireland. In the uieane time wc were allowed euery inaii three or foure spoones full of \incj;ei
to drinke at a meale: for other <lrinke wc had none, sauiiig onciv at two <ir three meales, when
we had in stead hereof as much wine, which was wrin^ed out ol Wine-Ices that remained.
With this hard fare ( lor by reason of our great want ofdiiiikc, weedur.'.t eate but vcr) lillc';
wee continued for the space of a fortnight or thrreabouls: S:uiing that new and then wee
feasted for it in the meane time: And that was when there Icll any liailc ur raine : ihe
haile-stones wee gathered vp and did c.ntc lluin more |)lea«antly then if they had licnc th(
^weetest Comlils in the world ; The rainc drops were mi carefully >aucd, that so neere .-.s wee
coulde, not one was lost in all our shippe. .Some hanged \p .shceles lied with cordes bv tlie
foiire corners, and a weight in the midst that the water iniitht rutine downe thithtr, and so
lie rceeiucd into some vessel set or hang«"d \ndcrnelh : Some that wanted shceles, hanged \[t
napkins, and cloutes, and watched them till ihcy were thorow wet, then wringing and suek-
iiig out the water. And thai water which fell downe and wa.shed away the lillh and sovling
of the shippe, trod vnder foole, as bad .?s running downe the kenncll many times when ii

rainctli,

riie hon, Erie of Cumli.

ne hon. Erie of Cumb. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

raincth, was not lost I warrant you, but watched and attended carefully ( yea sometimes witli
strife and contention ) at euery scupper hole, and other place where it ranne downe, with
dishes, pots, Cannes, and larres, whereof some driinke hearty draughts euen as it was, mud
and all, without tarrying to dense or settle it : Others cleansed it first but not often, for it
was so thiclce and went mo slowly thorow, that they might ill endure to tary so long, and were
loth to loose too much of such precious stuife: some licked with their tongues (like dogges)
the boards vnder feete, the sides, railes, and Masts of the shippe : others that were more
ingenious, fastened girdles or ropes about the Mastes, dawbing tallow betwixt them and the
Maatc (that the raine might not runne downe betweene) in such sort, that those ropes or
girdlrs lianging lower on the one side then on the other, a spout of leather was fastened to
the lowest part of them, that all the raine drops that came running downe the Maste, might
meete together at that place, and there be receiucd.

Hee that got a canne of water by these meanea was spoken of, sued to, and enuied as a rich
man. Quitm puichnim digito monstrari & dicier hie est? Some of the poore Spaniards that
we had taken (who notwithstanding had the same allowance that our owne men had) would
come and craue of vs, for the loue of God, but so much water as they could holde in the
hollow of their hand: and they had it, notwithstanding our great extremitie, toteachc them
some humanitie instead r)f their accustomed b-irbaritie, both to vs and othec nations hereto-
fore. They put also bullets of lead into their mouthes to slake their thirst.

Now in euery corner of the shippe were heard the lamentable cries of sicke and wounded
men sounding wofuily in our eares, crying out and pitifully complaining for want of drinke,
being ready to die, yea many dying for lacke thereof, so as by reason of this great extre-
mitie we Tost many more men, then wee had done all the voyage before : hauing before this
time bene so well and sufficiently prouided fur, that we liued in maner as well and healthfully,
and died as few as if wee had bene in England, whereas now lightly euery day some were
cast ouerboord.

But the second day of December 1589. was a festiuall day with vs, for then it rained a
good pace, and wee saued some pretie store of raine water (though we were well wet for it,
and that at midnight) and filled our skins full besides : notwithstanding it wete muddie and
hitter with washing the shippe, hut (with some sugar which we had to sweeten it withall) it
went merrily downe, yet remembred we and wished for with all our hearts, many a Conduit,
pumpe, spring, & streame of cleare s*veetc running water in Bnghtnd : And how mis^erable
wee had accompted some poorc soules whom we had scene driuen for thirst to drinke thereof,
and how hnppy we would now haue thought our selucs if wc might haue had our fills of the
same: yet should wee haue fared the better with this our poore feasting, if we might haue
had our mcate and drinke (such and so much as it was) stand quietly before vs: but beside
:ill the former extremities, wee were so tossed and turmoiled with such horrible stormie and
tempestuous weather, that euery man had best holde fast his Canne, cup, and dish in his
hands, yea and himselfe too, many times, by the ropes, railes, or sides of the ship or else
hi- should soone ftnde a" vnder feete.

Herewith our maine .saile was tome from the yarde and blowne ouerboord quite away into
the sea without recouery, and our other sailes so rent and tome ( from side to side some of
them ) th.it hardly any of them escaped hole. The taging wanes and foming surges of the
sea came rowling like mountaines one after another, and ouerraked the waste of the shippe
like u mighiie riucr running ouer it, whereas in faire weather it was neere SO. foote aboue
the water, that nowe wee might cry out with the princely Prophet Psalme 107. vers. 26.
Ihcy mount vp to heaucn, and descend to the deepe, so that their soule melteth away for
tn.uiilc: they reele too and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and all their cunning is
jTone. With this extremitie of foule weather the ship was so tossed and shaken, that by the
craking noise it made, and by the leaking which was now much more than ordinary, wee
were in great feare it would haue shaken in sunder, so that now also we had iust cause to
pray a litle otherwise than the Poet, though marring the verse, yet mending the meaning.

vou II. 4 P Deue

«5?

1 %.%

•M

698

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

The Hon. Erie of Cumb .

•in

r-'n '

\i ■ 'i

7 JW' ■'.

Deu» mariR & Coeli, quid enim nisi voia Kupenunt,
Soluere quiMatc parcito membra ralis.

NotwiihstandinK it pleased God of hu great goodnetMC to deliuer vs out of thi« danger
Then forthwith a new maine saile waN made and fastened to the yard, and the rest repaired
M time and place would suffer : which wc had no sooner done, but yet againe wee were
trimbled with as great exiremitie a* Ijefore, «o that againe we were like to haue loht our new
maine saile, had not Master William Antony the Master of the ship himitrlfc (when none else
would or durst) ventured with danger of drowning by creeping along vpon the maine yardc
(which was let downe cliwo to the railes) to gather it vp out of the sea, and lu fasten it
ilierelo, being in the mcanc while oft-times ducketl oucr head ami earcs into the sea.

These stormcs were so terrible, that there were some in our company, which confessed
they had gone i" seas for the space of '^0. yecrcs, and had neuor scene the like, and vnwcd
that if euer they returned safe home, they would nciiercome to Soa againe.

The last of Nouember at night we met with an Knglisli ship, out of which ( bcc.iuse it wat
loo late that night) il Wm agreed that we should haue had tlic next morning Iw • or tlirce
Tunites of wine, which, as (hey said, was al the prouision of drink they had, sauc onely i
Bui or two, which they must needs reserite fi<r their owne vse: but after that, we heard if
them no more, till they were set on ground vpon the coait of Ireland, where it appeared
that they might haue spared vs much more then they pretended they could, so as they might
wel haue relieued our great necessities, and haue had sufficient for tliemselucs besides, to
bring them into England.

The linit of December at night we spake with another F.nglinh ship, and had some beere
out of her, but not suflTicirnt to cary vs into England, so that wee were constrained to put
into Irebnd, the winde so seruing.

The next day wc came to an anker, not far from the S. Krimes vnder the land & winde,
where ."C were somewhat more quiet, but (that being no safe harbour to ride in) the next
iiH/rning ^vee went about to wci;;h anker, bni haning some of our men hurt at the Capsten,
v.ee were fuinc to giue oucr and leauc it bchindc, hii!(lin<> on our course to Ventrie hauen,
where wee safely arriued ihe same day, th.it place being a very safe and conuenient harbor
'br vs, that now wee might sing a« we had iust cause. They that goe downe to the sea, &c.

So soone as we had ankered here my Lord went foorthwith to shoare, and brought pre-
sently fresh v.ater and fresh virtiiaLs, as .Muttons, pigyes, hcnnes, &c. to refresh his com-
pany with.'tll. Notwithstanding himsfilV had lately bene very ^eake, and lasted of the same
exiremitie that his Company did : For in the time of niir lornier want, hauing a little fresh
w.iter left him remaining in a put, in the night it \Nas broken, and the water drunke and dried
vp. .Soone after the sjcke and woinidetl men were cariird to the next principall Tuwne,
called Dingi-nacush, lM-in<; about three miles distant Irom the forcsaidc hauen, where our
shippe roadc, to the K<-istwards, that there they might ho llie lielter refresheil, and had the
Chirurgiansdayly to attend vpon them. Here wc wel n-freshcd our selues whiles! the Irish
harpe sounded swcctcly in our eares, and here we, who for the former extreniiiies were in
luaner halfedead, had our liues (as il were) restored vnlo \s ajjaine.

This Dingenacush is the chiefe Towne in al that part of Ireland, it cusistetli but of one
maine streele, from whence some smaller doe procceiie on either side. It hath had gales
(;i.s il srenu'lh) in limi*s past al cither ende lo open and sliul ax a Towne of warre, and a
Casilc also. The houses are very strongly built wit!) ihii kc stone walles, and narrow win-
<lowcs like vnlo Casilcs; for as tliey confessed, in lime of trouble, by reason of the wilde
Irish or otherwise, they vsed their houses for their defence as Casilcs. The castle and all the
houses in the Towne, sane foure, were won, burnt, and ruinated hv lite I'.rle of Desmond.

These foure houses forlilied themselues against him, and withttood him and all his power
perforce, so as lie could not winne ilicni.

There remaineth yet a thickc stonewall that pa.s«eth oucrtliwart the midst ofihestreeie
whicli was a part of their foriificalion, Noiwiih-.tanding whitest they thus defended them-
selues, as ••onie of ihem yet aline confessed, they were driucti to as great extremities as tlie

lewes.

he hon. Erie of Cumb .

It, ' r

vs out of thifi danger
I, and the rest repaired
It vet a^aiiic wee were
ke to haue lost our new
nitelfc (when none else
i; vpon the inaine yardc
wa, and to faiiteii it
irex into the *ca.
npuny, which conleMsed
cnc the like, and vowi-d

a^ainr.

)!" which (because it was
I inoniini( tw* or three
I they had, sauc onely a
t after that, we heard < f
land, where it appeared
V could, HO an they might
ir titemHelucN besides, tu

ihip, and had some beerc
; were ron^irained to put

vnder the land & winde,
rbour to ride in) the next
men hurt at the Capoten,
courNc to Vcntrie hauen,
e and conurnient harbor
e downe to the itea, &c.
whoare, and brought pre.
, &c. to refresh hiii com-
le, and lawlcd of the xame
vant, hauing a little frexh
he water drunke and dried
he next principall Towiie,
irc«aidc hauen, where our
ter rcfretthed, and had the
)ur xelue-t whilesi the Irish
runner extreiuilieH were in
ic.

ul, it comstetli but of one
•r side. It hath had gatc>
a fownc of warre, and a
le walles, and narrow win-
le, by reason of the wilde
les. The castle and all the
by the T-rle of Denmond.
lood him and all his power

rt the midst of the strectc

they thus defended them-

I as great extremities as tin-

Icwes,

The Itun. Erk of Cumb. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES.

65»

lewes, beiieKed by TituH the Koniane Empcrnur, inNomurh that they were conatrained to eat
dead mens carcases lor hiuiger. The Towne is nowe againe somewhat repaired, but in effect
there remaiiic but the ruines of the former Towne. Commonly they haue no chimneis in
Ihcir houses, excepting thcin of tite better sort, so that the smoake was very troublexom to
vs, while we ci>ntinucd there. Their fewell is turles, which they haue very good, and
whinncs or furrcs. There groweth little wo<kI thereabouts, which inaketh building charge-
able there; as also want of lime (as they reported) which they are faine to fetch from farre,
when they haue necde thereof. Hut of stones there is store ynough, so that with them they
commonly make their hedges to part cch mans ground from other; and the ground seemetli
to be nothing else within but rockes and stones; Yet it is very fniitfull and plentifull of
grasse, and graine, as ma\ appcare by the .nbundancc of kine and cattel there: insomuch
that we had i^ood muttons (tliuugh somewhat Icssc then ours in England) for two shillings or
line uniatL's a piece, good pigges and hcnnes for 'A pence a piece.

The greatest want is industrious, paineful, and husbandly inhabitants to till and trimmc
the ground : lor the coiuinou sort, if they can prouide .sufficient to serue from hand to
mouth, take no further care.

Of money (as itscemeth) there is very small store amongst them, which perhap^i was
the cause that made them double and triple the pri/.es of many things we bought of them,
more then tlicy were before our comming thither.

Good laud was here to be had for fourc pence the .\cre yeerely rent. There are Mines of Minn io lie.
Alome, Tinne, brasse, and yron. Stones wee sawc there as clcare as Christall, naturally '""'■
squared like Diamonds.

That part of the (,'ountrey is all ful of great mountaines and hills, from whence came run-
ning downe the pleasant streames of swecle fresh running water. The natural hardnessc of
that Nation appeareth in this, that their small children runne vsually in the middest of Win-
ter \p and downe the streeles bare-footc and bare-legged, with no other apparell (many
limes) saiie onely a mantle to couer their nakednesse.

The chicle Officer of their Towne they call their Suueraigne, who hath the .same office and
auiluiritic among them that our Maiors haue with vs in England, and hath his Sergeants to
attend vpon him, and benre the Mace before him as our Maiors.

\Vf were first intertained at the Soueraignes house, which was one of those 4. that with-
stood the Erie of Desmond in his rebellion. They haue the same forme of Common prayer
word for word in Litin, that we haue here in England. Vpon the Sunday the Soueraigne
commeth into the Church with his Sergeant before him, and the Sherifle and others of the
Towne accompany him, and there they kneele downe euery man by himselfe priuately to make
his prayers. After this they rise and go out of the Church againe to drinke, which being done,
they returne .ngaine into the Church, and then the Minister beginncth pniyers.

Their mantr of baptizing ditlereth something from ours : part of the seruicc belonging
thereto is repeated in Litin, and part in Irish. The Minister taketh the child in his hands, and
lirst dippeth it backwards, and then forwanis, ouer head and eares into the cold water in the
midst of Winter, whereby also may appeare their naturall hardnesse, (as before was speci-
lied.) They had neither Bell, drum, nor trumpet, to call the Parishioners together, but they
expect till their Soueraigne come, and then they that haue any deuotion follow him.

They make their bread all in cakes, and, for the tenth part, the bakers bake for all the
towne.

We had of them some 10. or 1 1 . Tunnes of becre for the Victory, but it proued like a pre-
sent purgation to them that tooke it, so that we chose rather to drinke water then it.

The 'iU of December we loosed fro hence, hauing well pruuided ourselucs of fresh water,
aiul other things neci*s.sary, being uccompariied with sir Edw. Dennie, his Lady, and two yong
•:)nnes.

This day in the morning my Lord going a«hoare to dispatch away speedily some fresh water
that remained for the Victory, the winde being very faire for vs, brought V8 newes that there
were 60. Spanish prizes taken and brought to England. For two or three dayes wee had a

* P a faire

v.'X

I * 'i>.

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Fight with Spanith galHtt.

Mn wliidkk birt afterwanhi it KSnted to, that (aa I nid before) we wen faine to keepe a cold

ChriatBiu with The Biahop and hia clearkea.

, After ihia we met with an English ahip. that brought va ioyrul new* of 91. Spanish prizes

that were coanc to England: and sorrowruU iieweii wi thai!, that the last and be«t prize we

tocAe, had auft'ered shipwracke at a place vp<>n the coast of Cornwal which the Cornish men

CipuiM Liitn cal Als EflTenie, that is, Hel'difTe, and that Captaine Listf r and all the men in the tihip were

(hawaiii. drowned, laue 5. or 6. the one halfe English, the other Spanish that saiied thcmselues with

swimming: but notwithstanding much of the goods were saiied, and rcserucil tnr va, by sir

Praiwia Oodolphin, and the wonthipful gentlemen of the Conntrey there. My Lord wa.4 very

torry for Captaine Listers death, wishing that he had lost his voyage to hauc saucd his life.

The 89. of December we met with another shippe, that tnlde vs the same newes, and that
sir Martin Frebi.<her, & Captaine Reymond had taken the Admirall and Vice-Admirall of the
Fleet that we espied going to Ter^era hauen. But the Adinirnll was sunke with much leaking',
ncere to the Idy Stone, a rocke that lieth ouer against Fiimouth sound, and the men were
■sued.

This ship also certified vs that Captaine Prcitong 8hip had taken a prize loden with siluer.
My Lord entred presently into this ship, ft went to Falmouth, and we held on our course for
Phmouth. At night wc came ncere to the Kam-hrad (the next Cape Westwards from Pli-
mouth sound) but we were afraid to double it in the night, misdoubting the scantnesse of
the winde. So we stood off to Sea halfe the night, and towards morning had the winde more
brge, auid made too little spare thereof, that partly for this cause, and partly through mistak-
ing of the land, wee were driiien so much to Ice-wards, that we could not double that
Cape: Therefore we returneil backe againe, and came into Falmouth hauen, where wee
strucke on ground in 17. foote water: but it was a low ebbe, and ready againe to flowe, and
the ground soft, so as no hurt was done. Here with gladneKsie wee set foote againe vpon
the English ground (long desired) and refreshed ourselue:* with keeping part of Christmas
vpon our natiue suile.

The valiant fight performed by 10. Merchants ships of London, against 12. Spa-
ni.sh gallics in the Straights of Gibraltar, the 24. of.Vpril 1590.

IT is not long since sundry valiant Khips appertaining to the Marchants of London, wcr«-
freighted & rigged forth, some for Venire, some for Constantinople, &c some to sundry other
places of trafique. among whom these ensuing met within the Straights of Gibraltar, as they
were taking their course homewards, hauing before escaped all other danger. The first whereiif
was the Salomon appertaining to M. Alderman Bantam of London, and M. Bond, and M. Twyd
FfkruiiT 1590. of Harwich ; which went foorth the first day of Febniary la«i. The second was the Margaret
and Idlin belonging to M. Wats of London : The thirdc was the Minion : The fourth was the
A<«cen>iion. The fifth was the Centurion of Master Conlal : The sixi the Violet : the seuenih
the Samuel ; the eight the Crescent : the ninth the Elizabeth : and the 10. was the Richard be-
longing to M. Dulfield. All these shi|)N being of notable and approued seruice comming neere
to the mouth of the Straights hard by the coast ofBarbary, descried twelue tall Gallies brauelv
furnished and strongly prouided with men and munition, ready tn scaze vpon these English
hhips : which being perceiued by the Captaine^ and M.i!>ters thereof, wee made speedv pre-
paration for the defence of our selues, still wailing all the night long for the approching ol
the enemie. In the morning early being the Tucwlay in Kaster weeke, and the 2't of April
1590 according to our vsiiul customes, we said Seruice and made our prayers vnto Almiuhiie
God, beseeching him to saue vs from the hands of hucIi tyrants as the Spaniards, whom we
iuslly imagined to be, and whom we knew and had found to be our most mortall enemies
vpon the Sea. And hauing finished our prayers, and set otirselues in a readinesse, we per-
ceiued them to come towards vs, and that they were indeede the Spanish Gallics that lay vndcr
the conduct of Andre Doria, who in Vice-roy for the King of Spaine in the Straights of Gi-
braltar, and a notable knowne enemie to all Englishmen. So when they came somewhat
neerer vnto vs, they waued V!« a rtiaine for the King of Spaine, and wee waned tbem a maine

for

)\r.y^

tighfuiith SpaniihgalUes. TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

(Ml

For the Queene of England, at which time it pleaticd AlmiKhiie Ood |{[reatly to encourage v«
all in Nuch Nort, an that the Dceivr they came the leme we Teared their great muliitudea and
huge number of men, which were planted in thoM (lallic* to the number of two or three hun-
dred men in cch (iailie. And it was thus concluded among vs. that the foure firat and
tallext «hip!i nhniild be placed hindmotit, and the weaker & umalleDt ships formost, and so it
was perrormed, ciiery man bring ready to take part o{ such succcMe as it ahould please God
to send.

At the first rncountcr the Galliex came vpon vs very fiercely, yet God so strengthened vs,
that if they ha<l bene len limcM more, we had not feared them at all. Whereupon the Salo-
man bein<j n hot xhippr, and hntiin^ sundry cast pieces in her, gaue the first shotte in such
a sowre sort, as that it shared away no many men as sate on the one side of a Gallie, and
pierced her through in such mancr, as that she was ready to sinke, which made them to assault
vs the more fiercely. Whereupon the rej4t of our shipper, especially the foure chicfest, namely,
the Margaret and lohn, the Minion, and the Asrension followed, and gaue a hot charge vpon
them, and they at v<<, where began a hot and fierce batlaile with great valiancie the one against
the other, and so continued for the space of sixe houres. About the beginning of this our Atihiofiin
fight there came two Heminss to our Fleet, who seeing the force of the Gallies to be go*""'"'""'"
great, the one of them presently yerlded, strnokc his sailes, and was taken by the Gallies, a raim Hmh.
whereas if they would haue ofTered ihemselucs to haue fought in our behalfc and their owne ""''"''°'"
defence, they needed not to haue bene taken so cowardly as they were to their cost. The
other Fleming being also ready to performe the like piece of seru ice began to vaile his sailes,
and intended to hnue yeeldcd iinmediaily. But the Trumpetter in that shippe plucked foorth
his faulrhion and siep|ied t" the Pilotc at the helme, and vowed that if he did not speedily
put ofl'io the English FIcete, and so take part with them, he would presently kill him: which
the Pilote for feuro nf ile.iih did, and so by that meancN they were defended from present
death, and from the tyrannic of those Spaniards, which doubtlesse they should haue found at
their haiuli-s.

Thus we continued in fight sixe hnures and somewhat more, wherein God gaue vs the vp-
per huiul, and we escaped the h.inds nf so many enemies, who were constrained to flic into
harbour and shroiide themselues from vs, and with speed toseeke for their ownesafetie. This
was the handio wnrke of (Jod, who defended vs all from danger in such sort, as that there
was not (ine man of vs «laine. And in all this fierce assault made vpon vs by the Spanish
power, wee su-tlaincd no hurt or damage at all more then this, that the shrouds and backe-
stay of the S.iloinnn, who };nue the first and last shot, and galled the enemie shrewdly all the
time of the battel!, were cleane striken off.

The battel being eea>.ed, we were constrained for want of wind to stay and waft vp and
downe, and then went bneke agnine to Titinn in Barbary, which is sixe leagues ofl' from
Gibraltar, awl when we came thither we found the people wonderous fauourable to vs, who
being but Moorcs and heathen people shewed vs where to haue fresh water and al other ne-
cessaries for vs. And there we had such good intertainment, as if we had bene in any place
of F.ngl.md.

The gouernour was one that fauoured vs greatly, whom wee in respect of his great friend-
ship presented with giftes and such cnmmoilities as we had in our custodie, which he won-
derfully wel aceepied of; and here we stayed foure daves.

After the batlell was ceased, which was on F.aster Tuesday, we stayed for want of winde
before Gibnltar, vntill the next morning, where wee were becalmed, and therefore looked
euery houre when they wculd hiue sent foorth some fresh supply a<rainst vs, but they were
farre vnable \i-> doe it, for all their Gallies were so sore battered, that they durst not come
foorth of the harbour, by reason of our hot resistance which they so lately before had re-
ceiued. Yet were they greatly vrged thereunto by the Gouernour of the said Towne of
Gibraltar.

At our being at Tilion in Barbary, there we heard report of the hurt that wee had done to
the GaHic><, for al our dimming from them wee could not well discerne any thing at all by

reason

VOYAC.r-S, NAIIIOATIONS,

Flffht with Spa. Rn/z/iv

|( '

rf iiNon ol' the ^nloakc which iho powder had made : there vie he»rd that wc had almnxt •poileil
thi)>te fweliie (Jallieii l)y nhuolinn them rieanc ihmiinh, that two of them were ready to NJnke,
and that wee had ulaine of their men muh ^reat alnindante, m that they were not able In
riiriii'<h forth any more Gallie<) at id! for liiat yeere.

Thiw after we came from Tilion, we awayed to depart the Sirai)(hi three Neuerall limc-i,
but could not pnwe, yet, Ood be thanked, the fourth tinie wee came nafily away, and .,,
mailed with a pleaitant winde vntill \we came vpon the coatt of En^l.ind, whic h \va» in tlu'
beginning «)f the moneth of luly ir>'.»0.

I'lic \aliant HKhl performed in tlie Straight of (iibrallar, by liie Centurion uf Lon>
don, a^ainxt fine Spanisli (ialliex, in the niuneth uf April l.ii)l.

IN tlic monclh of Nonembcr I5!K), there were niindry nhippr» nppertainin;; to *eucnll
Marchani'* of London, which were ringed and ftaii^ht foorth with mtirchaiidi/e, for MindrN
placet within the Straight of (iibraltar: who, tojtelher hauing winde and \«eaiher, which oli-
lime fell out \ery vncertaine, ,?rriued safely in Hliort Npace, at such placiM a* they dc^irn!
AmoUff whom waw the Centurion of London, a very tall fthippc of burden, yet but weakrU
manned, at appearelh by thi>4 dii«courte following;.

Thin aforri«ai<l shippe called The Centurion safely arriued at MarneiU, where after they haii
deliuered their ni'od*, they stayed about the s|)acc of line weekes, and better, and then iookc
in ladin;;, intending' to rriurne to En};land.

Now when tlie Ci'iilurion w.i<( ready to come away from MarseiU, there were •uiidry other
shipiies of smaller burden which entreated the Master thereof, (whiwe name U K'lbert Brad-
shaw, (iMellini; at l.ime-house) to slay a day or two for them, vntill they were in a readines^c
to depart with them, thereby per'^wading inem, that it woidd Iw farre lietter for them to sia»
and poe together in respect of their assistance, then to depart f)f ihcm'ehies without coni-
)iany. and so happily for want of aide fall into the hands of their enemieit in the Sitanisli
(tallies Vpon wliich rca>onal)lc pcrswaiion, nolwilhst;iiulinK lliat this shippe was ot such
sulliciencic as they niiRht hazard her in the danger of liie Sea, yet thev stayed for thoic
litle shippe-i, according to ilieir request, \vli<i tr)gciher did put to Sea Imm Marseils, aiul
\owedin ^;enerall not to (lie one from anotlwr, if lhc\ «h'Mild happen to meete with anv
Spanish Gallics.

These small "liippes, accompanied with the Centurion, >a\iini; :i!oiim il,p coast of Spaine,
were vpon Faster day in the Strainiitol (iibr.iltar suddenK l)ci:ilmc'l. ulierc immediatly tlirv
s:iw sundry (iailies make towanU them, in very valiant and coiir.ivii iis snri : tlx- « hiefe I^'adcr-
and souldiers in those Gallics brauely apparelled in silke co;iie'', uilli their siluer \\hi>ths
about their neckes, and great plumes of fcihcrs in their haiic^, who with their Caliiieni shor
at the Centurion so fast as ihey might : so tiiat bv lU of ihc < lo( ke and hoinewhal before,
they had boortled the Centurion, who before their (omining had prepared for them, and iii^
tended to i;iue them so sonre a welcome as they might. Anil tliereui)on hauing prepared
their cliise lights, and all things in a readine-se, the\ called vpon (ind, i n whom onelv thcv
trusted : and hauing m.ule their piaxers, :mil iheercd \|i one aiinll,cr to (ighi «o long as lilc
endured, thev beganne to ilischarge their great Ordinaiue vptui the (iailies, but the liitir
shippes durst not come forward, but lay aloofe, while line (iallie» had boordcd them, \ea
and with their grapling irons made tlieir Gallies fast lo the said shippe i ailed the Cinturion.

The (iailie!) were grapled to the Ceniurion in this nia;)er, two lay on onr side and two on
another, anil the Admirall lay full in tlie storne, which galled and batn-red the Centurion so
Kore. that her maine Maste was greatly weakened, her sailes lilled with manv holes, and the
Mizzen and stcriie made almost vnwruiceable.

During which time there was a sore and deadly fight on both sides, in which the Trumpet
<d' the Centurion sounded foorih the deadly points of warre, and eiuourageil them to tight
manfully against their aducr^aries : on t!ie toi;tr.ir\ part, there was no warlike .Musicke in the
Spanish (iailies, but onelv their whistles of siluer, which they Houndetl foorth to their owiic
confc'tinenl : in which fight manv a Spaniard was turned into the Sea, and ihey in midti*

tudcs

h'iUhl with Spa. nulHts

at wc had almnm Kpoilcil
cm wfrc ready •<> NJnWr,
t (hey were mil able u<

hi three neuerall limpx,
line halily away, and xi
igl.ind, which wiw in ihi-

' (U'liliirioii of Loll"
liril I.»D1.

iipperlaiitinj; to «eii«Tall
iniin haiidize, lor Mindrs
e and weather, which oli-
h pfaifi an they dr-im!
burden, ycl hut wcakcl\

leiU, where after thiy iiail
lid better, and then tuokc

there wore »«iulry other
i(»e name in K'lbcrt Brad-
ihey were in a readines>c
•re better for them to slay

thi'in-eliioM without roni-
■ir eneinien in the Spanish
t this shippe wat of '•uch
lel thev Htayed for thoii-

Sea friiin MarNi-iln, niul
apprn to meete with anv

aloii;; llir coast of Spaiiie,
cd, wliorc imincdially tlics

M* snii : the chiefe Ix-adrr^

with tlieir sillier ^^hi•tll•^
III! wiili thnr Cahuen* shd!
rkc anil Kiiineu'hal before,
|)rcparcd fur them, and in
lereiipon hauinj; prepared

(idd, I n whcm oneU thr\
itlicr III lijiht -ii loMj; ax lilc

the (iallien, hut ihi liltlr
ii> had hoordi'd them, \ca
lippc lalird llic ("(nturioii
av on one side and two on

batiered the Centurion so
I with many holes, and the

iide*. in which the Trum|ut
J eiu oiiragcil them to )ij>ht
Is no warlike .Nlusicke in the
unde<l fourth to their owtu'
the Sea, and they in multi-
tudes

Sir Rk. Ureenuni.

THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOURRIES.

tildes came cniiliii)( and hung vpon th^ 'ide of the Hhippc, intendinfi to haiie entred into
the name, but xuch wa<« the i'<iii''ai;e of lh<' Knj; liiihmen, that sn fant a.^ the Spanianis did
enmc to enter, they ^aiie them Nucti «ntertaininriit, that xome of them were k'xI l" tumble
aliue into the Sea, biin^ , ''mc<lileKHe (or «t\fr to gel vp iiliiie. In the Centurion there were
in all, of men and boyew, torn '><* and eight, wh^ together lough' mnsi valiantly, and «o galled
the cnemie, that many a braur a/id Itwiie Spnniard Itmf his lilo in that place.

The Centurion was lired liue«euefaM tinirs, with wilde (ifP and other prouiiiinn, which th«
Spaniard!* threw in for that purjMNC: vii, (iinl be thanked, by the great and diligent fore-
Night of the Master it did no harme at all.

In eiiery of the (iailies there were about '2tX), *^ouhlier<< : who together with the tthot, spoil-
ed, rent, anil battered the Centurion very nore, shot thfiiiigh her maine Ma«ie, and slew 4.
of the men in the said shippe, theiine of them being the Masiefn male.

Ten other persons were hurl, by meanes of spliiitern which the Spaniards Hhntte : yea, in
the eiide when their proiiision was alimmt spent, they were constrained to shoote at them ham-
inen«, and the chaines from their slaiies, and yet (iimI bee thanked, they receiued no more
domage: but by npnyling and ouer-wearying of the Spaniardu, the Kngiinhinen constrained
Ihein lo vngrapple theinseliies, and get them going: and iture if there had bene any other
fresh fihipne or succour to haue relieued and aiwisied the Centurion, they had Hiaine, «uncke,
ur taken ail those Galliex and their SouldierH.

The Dolphin lay n lonfn olT and durst not come neere, while the other two imall shipper
fledde away, no that one of the (tallies went from the Centurion and set vpon the Dolphin,
which shippe immediatly was set on lire with their owne powder, whereby both men and
Nhippe permhed : but whether it wa.s with their go<Nl wills or no, that was not knnwen vnto
the Centurion, but sure, if it had i time forwaril, and bene an aide vnto (he Centurion, it i«
to bee supponed that it had not perished.

Fine hourcN and a halfe this fi^hl continued, in which lime both were glad to depart onely
to breath ihemoelucs, but when the Spanianls were gone, they neuer durst relume to light :
yet the next day sixe other (iailies came and looked at them, but durst no( at any hand med-
dle with them.

Thus God deliiicred them from t!ie handes of their enemien, and gaue them the victory :
for which they heartily praised him, and not long after safely arriued in London

(^ There were present at lhi« light .Master lohii llawes MarchanI, and sundry other
of good accompt.

A report of the iriieth of the fight about the lies of A^orc, the last of August
L')i)l, betwixt the Hetienge, one of her .Maiesties shippes, and an Armada of the
king of Spaine ; penned by the honourable Sir Waller Ualegh knight.

RF.raiise the rumours are diuerslv spred, a* well in Lngland as in the Lowe countries and
elsewhere, of this late encounter betweene her .M.iiesties ships and the Armada of Spaine ;
anil thai the Sjianiarls according in their v«.iiall maner, lill the world with their vaine-glorious
vaunts, making great apparance of viclnries, when on the contrary, iheinselueH are nioht
commonly and shainefully beaten and dishonoured ; thereby hoping to possesse the ignorant
iniiltitiide by anticipating & forerunning false re|irrts: It is agreeable with all goinl reason,
for manifcsiaiion of the truth, to nuen oine lalshoiHl and vntriieth ; that the beginning, coii-
tinii inee and succcsse of this late honourable enroiinier of Sir Kichard (irecnuil, ami other
her Maiesiies CaptainC'i, with the Armada of Spaine ; should be truely set downe and pub-
lished without parlialilie or false imaginations. And it is no marueiie that the Spaniard
dhoiildseeke by false and slanderou* pamphlets, adiiisoes and Letters, to coiier tlicir owne loswe,
and to derogate I'rom others their due honoi-s, especiallv in this light being performed far
olf: seeing they were not ashamed in the yeere l.")SS. when they purposed the inu.ision ol'
this land, to publish in sundry langiia.;es in print, great victories in wordes, which thev
|ilea led to haue obteined ag.iiii>t thi< Keahne; and >pred the same in a mo-t false sort oner
all partH of France, Italy, and elnewhere. When sh rtly after it was happily inaiiife>teil

ill

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

4/r BIc. CreeuuUl

. I )

.ii'i

'•i»

\ .:

I ''■■' ■ 1 ' 1 ■ ■ f Til '■ 1

4 '

in very deed to al Nations, how their Nauy which tlicy termed inuincible, consisting of I40.
saile of shippes, not onely of their owne kingdome, but Ktrengihened with the greatesit Ar-
gosies, Portugal Caracks, Florentines, and huge hulk* of other Countrcis, were by 3(). nl
her Maiesties owne ships of war, and a few of oiir owne Marchants, by the wise, valiant,
and aduantagious conduct of the L. Charles Howard high Admirall of England, beaten and
sliufHed together; cuen from the Lizard in Cornwall first to Portland, where they shamefully
left Don Pedro de Valdes, with hi'* mighty ship ; from Portland to Cales, where they losj
Hugo de Moncado, with the Gallies of which he was Capfaine, and from Calcs, driuen with
squibs from their anchors, were chased out of the sight of England, round about Scotiaml
and Ireland. Where for the sympathic of their barbarous religion, hoping to finde succour
and assistance, a great part of them were crusht against the rocks, and those other that landed,
being very many in number, were notwithstanding broken, slainc, and taken, and so sent
from village to village coupled in halters, to be shipped into England. Where her Maicstie
of her Princely and inuincible disposition, disdaining to put them to death, and scoriiinj;
either to retaine or cntcrlaine them : they were all sent backe againe to their countreys, to
witnes and recount the worthy achieuements of their inuincible and dreadfull Nauy : 01
which the number of Souldiers, the fcarefull burthen of their shippes, the commanders names
of euery squadron, with aH other their magasincs of prouisions, were put in print, as ,in
Army and Nauy vnresislable, and di.sdaining preuention. With all which so great and terri-
ble an astentation, they did not in all their sailing round about England, so much as sinkc ur
take one shippe, Barke, Pinnessc, or Cockbote of ours: or euer burnt so much as one
sheepecote of this land. When as on the contrarie, Sir Francis Drake, with onely 80(). soul-
diers not long before-, landed in their Indie.s, and forced Sant-Iago, Santo Domingo, Carta-
gena, and the forts of Florida.

And after that, Sir lohn Norris marched from I'eniche in Portugall, with a handfull ol
souldiers, to the gates of I.isbone, being abouc 40 English miles. Where the Earic of Essex
iiimselfe and other vali;int Gentlemen braued the Citie of I.isbone, encamped at the very
gates ; from whence, after many dayes abode, finding neither prouiised partie, nor prouisioii
to batter; thev made rctrait by land, in despight of ail their (Jarrisons, both of horse &
foote. In this sort I haue a little distressed from my first piirpoMC, onely by the neccssaric
comparison of theirs and our actions: the one cotietous of honour without vaunt of osteni.i-
tion ; the other so greedy to purchase the opinion <A' their owne aflaires, and bv false riimors
to resist the blasts of their owne dishonours, as they will not onely not blush to spread ail
manner rf vnlruthes : but euen for the least adiiniitage, be it but fur the taking of one pcorc
.iduenturer of the English, will celel)rate the victory with bonclires in euerv' towne, alwayes
spending more in faggots, then the purchase was worth they obt.iined. When as we nciior
thought it worth the consumption of two billets, when wc haue taken eight or ten of tlicii
Indian shippes at one time, and twentie of the Hrasill (leete. Such is the diHcrence befweenc
true valure, and ostentation : and betweene honorable actions, and friuolous vaineglorious
vaunts. But now to returne to tny purpose.

The L. Thomas Howard with sixe of her .Maietities shippes, >,i\e viclualers of London, the
Barke Ralegh, it two or three other Piiin.ises riding at anker ncere vnto Fluros, one of the
Westerly Hands of th^ Azores, the last of .\ugust in the aflernoone, had intelligence by one
Captaine Middleton of the approch of the Spanish .\rmada. Which Middleton being in ,i
very good sailer had kept them conipanv three dayes hcfore, of good purpose, both to dis-
couer their forces the more, as also to giue aduise to my 1.. Tliomas of their approch. Ilec
had no sooner deliuercd the newcs but the (leete was in sight : many of our shippes compa-
nies were on shore in the llaiide ; some pnuiiding bala-l for their ships; others filling o(
water and refreshing themseliies from the laiul with such ti>ings as thev could either for mo-
ney, or by force recouer. By reason whereof our ships being all pestered and romaginj;
euery thing out of order, verv licht lor want of balast, and that which was most to ourdis-
aduantage, the one halfe part of the men of cuery sliippe sicke, and vtlcrly vnseruiceable : for
in the Heurnge there were ninety di.sc.ised : in the Uonauenture, noi so many in health as

could

Sir Bic. Grtetiuill

cible, consisting of 140.
ed with the greatest Ar-
untrcis, were by 3(). <i|
ts, by the wise, valiant,
of England, beaten and
, where they shamcrully

Caleti, where they losj
from Calcs, drinen with
, round about Scotland
hoping to finde sucroiir
d those other that landed,

and taken, and so sent
id. Where her Maicsiic
n to death, and scorning
ne to their countreyn, to

and dreadPull Nauy : 01
s, the commanders names
were put in prim, as an
which so great and tcrri-
land, so much as sinkc ur
r burnt so much as one
ake, with onely 800. soul-
1, Santo Domingo, Car(a-

rtngall, with a handfiill ol
Where the Uarle of Essex
me, tncamped at the verr
nised partie, nor prouision
larrisons, both of horse &
onely by the nccesHaric
r wiihout vaunt of ostcnia-
illaires, and by false niniors
ely not blu»h to spre.ut all
lor the taking of one p<'ori'
cs ill OUT)' towne, ulwayci
lined. When as we iiciicr
taken eight or ten of their
is the (htlerence betweciie
and friuolous vaineglorious

e victiialers of London, ilic
»re vnto FliTc's, one of the
ne, had intelligence by one
Vhich Middlelon being in ,\
good purpose, both to dis-
nas of their approch. Hci'
;inv of our shippes coinpa-
eir ships; others filling ol
IS thev could either for mo-
;\II pestered and romagin;;
which was most to our dis-
id vt;erly vnseniiceable ; for
■, noi so many in health as
could

Sir Ric. Greenuill.

TRAPFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

could handle her maine sailc. For had not twenty men beene taken out of a Barke of sir
George Careys, bis being commaunded to be sunke, and those appointed to her, she had
hardly euer recouered England. The rest, for the most parte, were in little better state.
The names of her .Maiesties shippes were these as foUoweth, the Defiance, which was Admiral,
the Reuenge Viceadmirall, the IJonaucnture ( ommaiinded by Captaine Crosse, the Lion by
George Feiiner, the Foresight by M. Thom.is Vaiiasour, and the Crane by Duflild. The
Foresight & the Crane being but smal ships ; only the other were of the middle size ; the
rest, besides the Barke Kalcgh, commanded by Captaine Thin, were victuallers, and of small
force or none. The Spanish Fleet hailing shrouded their approch by reason of the Island ;
were now so soone at hand, as our shippes had scarce lime to way their anchors, but some
of them were driuen to let slippe their Cables and set saile. Sir Richard Grinuilc was the
last that wayed, to recouer the men that were vpon tiie Island, which otherwise had bene
lost. The L. Thomas with the rest very hardly recouered the winde, which Sir Richard Grin-
uile not being able to doc, w.is pcrswadcd by the Master and others to cut his maine sayle,
and cast about, and to trust to the sayliiig of the ship ; for the squadron of Siuil were on
his weather bow. But Sir Richard vtlcrly refused to turne from the enemie, alleaging that
hce would rather choose to die, then to dishonour himselfc, his countrey, and her Maiesties
•*hippe, perswading his companie that hee would passe through the two squadrons, in de-
3>pight of them, and enforce those of Siuil to giiie him way. Which hee performed vpon
diners of the forniost, who, as the Mariners tcrme it, sprang their lud'e, and fell vnder the
lee of the Heuengc. But the other course had beene the better, and might right well haue
bene answered in so great an impossibility of preualing. Notwithstanding out of the great-
nesse of his iiiinde, he could not be perswaded. In the incanc while as hee attended those
which were nearest him, the great San Philip being in the winde of him, and coinming to-
wanls him, becalmed his sailes in such sort, as the shippe could neither make way, nor feele
the helmo : so huj^e and high carged was the Spanish ship, being of a thousand and fine
hiindrelh tuns. Who after layd the Keuenge aboord. When he was thus bereft of his sailes,
the ships that were vnder his lee lufTing vp, also l.iyd him aboord : of which the ne.\t was the
.\dmiral of the Biscaines, a very mighty and pui.ssant shij)pe commanded by BrittandonH.
Tlie sayd Philip carried three tire of ordinance on a side, and eleucn pieces in euery tire.
She shot eight forth right out of her chase, besides those of her sterne ports.

After tlie Reueiige was entangled with this Philip, foure other boorded her; two on her
larboord, and two on her sturboord. The fight thus beginning at three of the clock in the
afterniioni.', coiiiini.ied very terrible all that eiiening. But the great San Philip hauing re-
iciucd the lower tire of the Reuenge, discharged with crosse barshot, shifted her selfe with
all diligence from her sides, vtterly mislikiiig her first entertainement. Some say that the
■.hippc Iciundred, but we cannot report it for truth, vnlesse we were assured. The Spanish
-,hips were filled with companies of souldiers, in some two hundred besides the m;iriners; in
-.ome liiK", in others eig'it huiulreth. In ours there were none at all beside the mariners, but
(lie seruants of ilu- commanders and some few voluntary gentlemen onely. After many en-
tcrchanged \olics of great ordinance and small shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter the
Reuenge, and made diners attempts, hoping to force her by the multitudes of their armed
,>uuldier-i and Musketters, but were still rcjtiilsed againe aiul againe, and at all times beaten
backc into their owne ships, or into the se;is. In the beginning of the fight, the George
Noble of I.oiido having receiiied some shot thorow her by the Armadas, fell vnder the lee
of the Keuenge, and asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being but one of the
victiialhr--, and I'f small force: Sir Richard bid him sane himselfe, and leaue him to his for-
tune. .M'ter ilio liL;ht had thus, without iiilcrinission, continued while the day lasted and
some hoiires of liic night, many of our men were slaino and hur'e, and one of the great

(lallions of tiie .\rmada, and the Admirall of the llulkes both sunke, and in

many

other of

the Spanish shippes great slaughter was made. Some write that Sir Richard was very dan-
gerously hurl almost in the beginning of the fight, and lay speechlesse for a time ere hee
recouered. But two of the Reuengcs owne company, brought home in a ship of Lime from

665

vot.

i Q

the

666

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Ric. Greenuil.

the IlandeH, examined by some of the Lordes, and others, affirmed tliat hee was neuer so
wounded as that hee forsooke the vpper decke, till an hourc before midnight ; and then being
shot into the bodie with a Musket as hee was a dressing, was againe shot into the head, and
withal! his Chirurgion wounded to death. This agreeth also with an exammation taken by
sir Francis Godolphin, of fourc other mariners of the same shippe being returned, which
examination, the said sir Francis sent vnto master William Killegrue, of her Maiesties priuy
Chamber.

But to returne to the fight, the Spanish ships which attempted to bord the Reucnge, as
they were wounded and beaten oft', so alwayes others came in their places, she hauing neiicr
lesse then two mighty Gallions by her sides, and aboard her : So that ere the morning, from
three of the clocke the day before, there had fifteenc seiierall Armadas assayird her ; and
all so ill approued their entertainment, as they were by the bn-ake of day, far more willing
to harken to a composition, then hastily to make any more assaults or entries. But as tlip
day encreased, so our men decreased : and as the light grew more and more, by so much
more grewe our discomforts. For none appeared in sight but enemies, sauing oiip
small ship called the Pilgrim, commaundcd by lacob Whiddon, who honored all night to see
the successe : but in the morning bearing with the Keuenge, was hunted like a hare amongst
many rauenous houndes, but escaped.

All the powder oi the Reuenge to the last barrell was now spent, all her pikes broken,
fortie of her best men slaine, and the most part of the rest hurt. In the beginning of the
fight shee had but one hundredth free from sicknes, and fouresrore & ten sicke, laid in hold
vpon the Ballast. A small tronp to man such a ship, \ a weake garrison to resist so mights
an army. By those hundred al was sustoined, the voleis, boordings, and rntrings of fil'tern
ships of warre, besides those which beat her at large. On the contrary, the Spanish were
always supplied with souldiers brought from cuery squadron : all nianer of .\rmes and
powder at will. Vnto ours there remained no comfort at all, no hope, no supply either of
ships, men, or weapons ; the Mastcs all beaten oner board, all lier t.ickle rut asunder, her
ypper worke altogether rased, and in cITecf ciiened shco was with the water, but the very
foundation or bottome of a si)ip, nothing being left oner head cither for flight or defence.
Sir Richard finding himsclfe in tiiis disfresse, and vnablc .nny longer to make resistance,
hauing endurctl in this fifieene houres fight, the assault of filicene seuerall Armadas, all bv
fumes abonrd him, and by estimation eight hundred shotte of great Artillerie, besides manv
assaults and entries ; and that him.selfe and the sliippc must ncedes be posse.s.sed by the
enemy, who were now all cast in a ring round about him (I'hc Keuenge not able to monc
one way or the other, but as she was moued with the wanes and billow of the sea) com-
manded the .Master gunner, whom hee knew to be a must resolute man, to split and sirikc
the shippc ; that thereby nothing might rcmaine of ^ims or \ iciurv lo tlie Spaniartls : seeing;
in so many h(uires fight, and with so great a Nauie they wi re not able to take her, hauiiii;
TtirSpiniih S3 had lifteene houres time, aboue ten thousand men, & lirtic and three sailc of men of waire
to performe it withall: and perswaded the cmnpanv, or as manv as hee could induce, to
yeelde ihemselues vnto Ciod, and to the mercie of none else; but ;is they had, like valiant re-
solute men, repulsed so many enemies, they should not iiowe shorten the honour of their
Nation, by prolonging their owne lines for a lew hoiircs, or a fcwe daves. The Master
gunner readily condesceiuled and diners others; but tlie {■ap!:iiiu' and the Master were ot
another opinion, and besought Sir Hi<har(l to Ikuic care of them: allcagini; that the Spaniard
would be as ready to entertaine a <(/m|)nsition, as tliey were willin;,' to o(lcr the same: and
that there being diners sulTicient and valiant men vet lining, and whose wounds were nof
mortal, they might do their Countrev and prince arce|)table seruice hereafter. And whereas
Sir Richard had alleaged that the S|)aniards should neucr glorv to hauc taken one shippe of
her Maiesiie, seeing they had so long and so notablv defended themselues; they answered,
that the shippe had sixe focie water in holdc, three shot \nder water, which were so weakely
stopped, as with the first working of the sea, she inu>-l needs sinke, and was besides so crusht
and brused, as shee could neucr be remoucd cut el the place.

And

.va

Sir Ric. Greenuil.

'd tliat hee was neuer so
lidnight ; and then being
shot info the head, and
an examination taken by
>e being returned, which
of her Maiesties priuy

to bord the Heucnge, as
places, she hauing neuer
lat ere the morning, from
madas assayled her ; ami
of day, far more willing
ts or entries. But as ihp
•e and more, by so much
It enemies, sauing one
o honored all night to see
united like a hare amongst

ent, all her pikes broken,
:. In the beginning of the
e & ten sicke, laid in hokl
garrison to resist so mights
igs, and cntrings of fifteen
■ontrary, the Spanish were

all nianer of Armes and
hope, no supply either ol
cr t.uklc rut asunder, her
th the wafer, but the very
•ithcr for (light or defence,
oiigcr to make resistance,
le seuerall Armadas, all by
cat Artiilerie, besides many
cedes be possessed by the
Ucueiige not able to mouc
id billow of the sea) coni-
ute man, to split and sinkc
iry to the Spaniartls : sceiii);
(It able to take her, hauiii';
three sailc of men of warre
nv as hee could induce, u>
t as thcv had, like valiant n -
shorten the honour of their
1 fcwc daves. The Master
lie and the Master were ot

alU-aginu that the Spanianl
lin;; to oiler the same: ami
iiid whose wounds %vcre in f
lice hereafter. And wlurcas
lo haue taken one shippe of
ihemseliies; they answered,
•ater, which were so weakely
ke, and wa.s besides so cnislii

And

Sir Richard Grecnuill. TRAPHQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

And as the matter was thus in dispute, and Sir Richard refusing to hearken to any of those
reasons: the Master of the Reuenge (while theCaptaine wanne vnto him the greater party)
wasconuoyd aboord the Gencrall Don Alfonso Ba^an. Who (finding none ouerhastie to enter
the Reuenge againe, doubting least Sir Richard would haue blowne them vp and nim.selfe,
and perceiuing by the report of the Ma.sier of the Reuenge his dangerous disposition)
yeelded that all their lines should be sailed, the company sent for England, & the better
sort to pay such reasonable ranuome as their estate would beare, and in the ineane season to
be free from Gaily or imprisonment. To this he so much the rather codcscended as wel, as I
haue said, for feare of further Inssc and inischiefe to themselues, as also for the desire he had
to rccoucT Sir Richard Greenuil; whom for his notable valure he seemed greatly to honour
and admire.

When this answere was returned, and that safctie of life was promised, the common sort
being now at the ende of their perill, the most drew backc from Sir Richard and the Master
gunner, being no hard matter to disswade men from death to life. The Master gunner
liiiding himsclfe and Sir Richard tluis prcuented and mastered by the greater number,
would haue slainc himselfe with a sword, had he not bene by force with-held and locked
into his Cabben, Then the Gencrall sent many boatcs aboord the Reuenge, and diners of
mir men fearing Sir Richards disposition, stole away aboord the General! and other shippes.
Sir Richard thus ouerniatched, was sent vnto by Alfonso Bapan to remooue out of the Re-
uenge, the shippe being manieilous vnsauorie, filled with blood and bodies of dead, and
wounded men like a slaughter hou.se. Sir Richard answered that hee might doe with his body
what he list, for lice esteemed it not, and as he was carried out of the shippe hee swounded,
and reuiuing againe desired the company to pray for him. The Generall vsed Sir Richard
ftith all humanitie, and left nothing vnattempled that tended to his recouerie, highly com-
mending his valour and worihinesse, and greatly bewailing the danger wherein he was, be-
ing vnto ihcm a rare spectacle, and a resolution sildome approoued, to see one shippe turne
toward so many enemies, to endure the charge and boordinu; of so many huge Armadas, and
to resist and repell the assaults and entries of so many soiildiers. All which and more is con-
firmed by a Spanish Captainc of the same Armada, and a present actor in the fight, who be-
ing seuered from the rest in a stnrme, was by the Lion of London a small ship taken, and is
now prisoner in London.

The gencrall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Bagan, brother to the Marques
of Santa Cruz. The admiral of the Biscaine squadnm, was Britandona. Of the squadron of
Sinil, the Marques of Arumburch. The Mulkes and Flybotes were cdmanded by Luis Cou-
linlio. There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies,
and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant lohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Malla-
ga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as
vet report is not in.ide.

The Admirall of the Ilulkes and the Ascension of Siiiil were both sunke by the side of the
Reuenge; one other recouered the rode of Saint Michael, and sunke also there; a fourth
ranne her selfe with the shore to sane her men. Sir Rich.ird died as it is sayd, the second or
third day aboord the Generall, and was by them greatly bewailed. What became of his body,
whether it were buriid in the sea or on the land we know not: the comfort that remayneth to
his friends is, that hee hath ended his life honourably in respect of the reputation wonne
10 his nation and coimtrey, and of the same to his posteritie, and that being dead, he hath
not oniiined his ciwiie honour.

For the ie«t of her Maiesties ships that entrcd not so farre into the fighi as the Reuenge,
the reasons and causes were these. There were of them but sixe in all, whsreof two but small
ships ; the Reuenge ingaged past recouery : The Hand of Flores was on the one side, 53 saile
of the S|)anish, clinided into squadrons on the other, all as full filled with souldiers as they
t'oiild etnitaine: Almost the one halfe of our men sicke and not able to serue: the ships
growne foule, vnroomagcd, and scarcely able to beare any saile for want of balast, hauing
bene sixe inoneihs at the sea before. If all the rest had entred, all had bene lost: for the

4 Q 8 very

66?

668

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Richard Greenuilt.

m)mv>

■s»

.'i

I ill? ■i'fl

very hugenes of the Spanish flccte, if no other violence had beene offered, would haue
crusht them betweene them into shiuers. Of which the dishonour and losse to the Queene
had bene farre greater then the spoyle or harme that the enemie could any way haue re-
ceiued. Notwithstanding it is very true, that the Lord Thomas would haue entred betweene
the squadrons, but the rest would not condescend ; and the master of his ownc ship oifred
to leape into the sea, rather then to conduct that her Maiesiies ship and the rest to bee a
pray to the enemie, where there was no hope nor possibilitie either of defence or victory.
Which also in my opinion had ill sorted or answered the discretion and trust of a Gencrall,
to commit himselfe and his charge to an assured destruction, without hope or any likelyhood
of preuailing: thereby to diminish the strength of her Maicsties Nauy, and to enrich the pride
and glory of the enemie. The Foresight of the Queencs connnntinded by \f. Thomas Vauisor
performed a very great fight, and stayed two houres as ncerc the Reuenge as the weather would
permit him, not forsaking the fight, till he was like to be encompassed hy the squadrons, &
with Kreat Jifficultic cleared himselfe. The rest gauc diuers voleis of shot, and entred as
farre as the place permitted, and their owne necessities, to kccpe the weather gage of the ene-
mie, vntill they were parted by night. A fewe daycs after the light was ended, and the English
Prisoners dispersed into the Spanish and Indie ships, there arose so great a sfonnc from the
/est and Northwest, that all the fleete was dispersed, as well the Indian fleetc which were
then come vnto them, as the rest of the Armada that attended their arriual, of which 14. saile
together with the Reuenge, and in her WO Spaniards, were cast away vpon the Isle of S.
Michael. So it pleased them to honor the buriall of that renowmed ship the Reuenge, nut
suflTering her to perish alone, fur the great honourshe atchieued in her life time. On the rest
of the Ilandes there were cast away in this storme, ITi or 1<> more of the ships of warre: and
of an hundred and odde saile of the Indie fleete, expected this yeere in Spainc, wUat in this
tempest, and what before in the bay of Mexico, and about the Bermudas, there were 70 and
odde consumed and lost, with those taken by our shippes of London, besides one very rii h
Indian ship, which set hcrsclfc on lire, bceing boordcd by the Pilgrim, and fine other taken bv
ma.ster Wats his ships of London, between the llananu and Cape S. Antonio. The fourth u(
this moneth of Nouember we rereiiicd letters from the Tercera, affirming that there arc .'WXKt
bodies of men remaining in tliat Hand, saucd out of the perished ships: I't fliat by the Spaniards
owne confession, there arc |()(XJ<) ca>t away in this storme, besides those that are perished
betweene the Hands and the maine. Thus it hath pleased CJod to light for vs, and to defend
the iustice of our cau.se, against the ambicious and bloody pretenses of the SpanianI, wlu)
seeking to deuoure all nations, are themselues deuourcd. A manifest testimony how iniii.st
and displeasing, their attempts are in the sight of (Jod, who hath pleased to witnes by the
successe of their alfaires, his misli!;e of their bloodv and iniiirious designes, purposed .iiul
practised against all Christian princes, ouer whom they seeke Milawfiill and vngodly rule and
Empery.

One day or two before this wracke h;ippened to the Spani»h fleete, when as some of mir
prisoners desired to be set on shore vpon the Ilandes, hoping to be from thence transported
into England, which libcrlic was formerly by the Gcierall promised: One Morice Fit/. lulin.
Sonne of olde lohn of Desmond, a notable traylour, tousin german to the late Earle of Dcs-
mond, was sent to the Kn;;lish from shippe to shippe. to perswade them to serue the King (I
Spaine. The arguments hec vsed to induce them were these. The increase of pay which he |)ro-
inised to be trebled: adiiancenicnt to the better sort: ami the exercise of the true C'aiholiijUf
Religion, and safetie of their seniles to all. For the first, eiien the bejfgcrly and vnnatiirall
behaiiiour of those English and Irish ri'hels, that seriicd the Kinn in that present action, was
suihcient to answere that (irsl argument of rich pav. For so poore and bcggerlv they were,
as for want of apparell they stripped their poore Couiilrey men prisoners out of their ragged
garments, worne to nolhinj; bv sixe months seniice, and spared not to despoyle them eucii
of their bloo<ly shirtes, from their wounded bodies, and tlie very slioocs from their fietc; .\
notable testimonie of their ri<'h entcrtaiiiinent and j^reat waj^es. The second reason was hojie
of aduanccmcnt if they serucd well, and would lonliiiuc (aithfull to the King, But what

man

Sir Richard Grtenuill.

ene oiTered, would haue

and losse to the Queene

! could any way haue re-

ild haue entred betweene

r of his ownc ship oflred

hip and the rest to bee a

cr of defence or victory.

n and trust of a Gencrall,

ut hope or any liivelyhood

ly, and to enrich the pride

cd by Nf. Thomas Vauisor

en^e as the weather would

issed l)y the squadrons, &

is of shot, and cnlrcd as

weather gaj;*^ "f the enc-

was ended, and the English

io great a storine from Iht-

c Indian (leetc which were

arriuul, of which 14. sailc

awav vpon the Isle of S.

ned ship (he Reuenge, not

her life time. On the rot

of the ships of warre: and

ere in Spaine, what in thi^

rmudas, there were 70atul

don, besides one very rich

rim, and fine other taken by

S. Antonio. The fcurih ot'

"irmiiijj that there are .'<(XHI

ps: \- thai hy the Spaniards

ides those that are perished

light for vs, and to defend

■nsL-s of the SpaiiianI, wIid

nifcst testiiMony how iniiiitt

th pleased to wilnes by the

us designes, purposed and

iwfull and vngodly rule ami

fleetc, when as some ofdiu-
be from thence transported
>ed: One Morice Fit/, lulm,
lan to the late Earle of Dcs.
le ihein to serue the King < I
ncrease of pay which he pro-
I'rcise of the true Calholiipir
liie beggerly and vnnaturall
; in that present action, was
rrc and beggerly they were,
prisoners out of their ragged
not to despoyle theni eucn
shooes from their fcete; .\
The second reason was hope
[ill to the King. But what
man

Sir Richard GreenuiU. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

mau can bee so blockishly ignorant euer to expect place or honour from a forraine King,
hauing no other argument or perswasion then his owne disloyaltie; to be vnnaturall to his
owne Countrey that bred him ; to his parents that begat him, and rebellious to his true
Prince, to whose obedience he is bound by oath, by nature, and by Religion ? No, they are
onely assured to be employed in all desperate enterprises, to bee helde in scorne and dis-
dainc euer among those whom they serue. And that euer traitnurw.is either trusted oraduanc-
cd I could neuer yet readc, neither can I at this time remember any example. And no man
coulde haue lesse becommed the place of an Orator for such a purpose, then this Morice of
De.smond. For the Erie his cosen being one of the greatest subiects in that kingdom of Ire-
land, hauing almost whole Countreis in his possession ; so many goodly Mannors, castles,
and lordships; the Count Palatine of Kerry, fiue hundred gentlemen of his owne name and
family to follow him, besides others (all which he possessed in peace for three or foure
hundred yeeres) was in lesse then three yeeres after his adhering to the Spaniards and rebel-
lion, beaten from all his holdes, not so many as ten gentlemen of his name left lining, himsclfe
taken and beheaded by a souldier of his owne nation, and his land giuen by a Parliament to
her Maiestie, and possessed by the English : His other cosen Sir lohn of Desmond taken by
Master lohn Zouch, and liis body hanged oner the gates of his natiue Citic to be deuoured
by rauens : the thirde brother Sir lames hanged, drawne, and quartered in the same place.
If hee had withall vaiuited of his successe of his owne house, no doubt the argument would
haue inooued much, and wrought great en'oci : which because, hee for that present forgot, I
thought it gocd to remember in his bciiall'e. Fcr matter of Religion it would require a par-
ticulcr volume, if I should set downc how irreligiously they coner their greedy and ambicious
pretenses, with that veile of pictie. But sure 1 am, that there is no kingdome or common-wealth
in all Europe, but if they be reformed, they tiicn inuade it for religion sake : if it bee, as
they ternie Catholique, they pretend title; as if the Kings of Castile were the naturall heires
of all the world; and so lioiweene both, no kingdome is vnsought. Where they dare not
with their owne forces to inunde, tiiey b.xsely entertaine the traitours and vacabonds of all Na-
tions; seeking by those and by their runnagate lesuits to winne parts, and haue by that
meane ruined many Noble houses and others in this iande, and haue extinguished both their
lines ami families. What good, honour, or fortune euer man yet by them atchieued, is yet
vnheanl of, or vnwritten. .\nd if our English Papists doe but looke into Portugall, against
which they haue no pretense of Religion, how the Nobilitie are put to death, imprisoned,
their rich men made a j)raye, and all sorts of [)eoplc capiiued ; they shall liiide that the obe-
dience eiien of the Tiirke is casie and a lil>rrtie, in respect of the slaucrie and tyrannic of
Spaine. What haue they done in Sicill, in N.iples, Millaine, and in the Low countreis; who
hath there bere sp.ired for Religion at all ; And it commcth to my remembrance of a certaiiic
Burger of Antwerpe, whose house being entred bv a company of Spanish souldiers, when
thev lirst sacked the ("ifie, hee besought them to spare him and his goods, being a good Ca-
tholique, and olio of their owne partie and faction. The Spaniards answered, that they knew
him to be of a good conscience for liiniscHV, but his monev, plate, iewels, and goods, were
all h( reticall, and therefore good prize. So they abused and tormented the foolish Fleming,
who lio|)ed that an .\u,niH Dei had bene a sutlicient target against all force of that holy and
charitable n.ition Neither haue thev at anv time as thev protest inuaded the kingdomes of
the Indies and I'erii, ami eNewhere, but onely led thereunto, rather to reduce the people to
Christianitie, t'leii for eiiher ;;ol(l or I'.mperie. When xs in one onelv Island called llispaniola,
they haue w.isfd tnirtie huiidretl tliou>amt (d' the naturall |)eople, besides many millions else
in other places (d' the Indies: a poi-re ami haiinclesse people created of God, and might haue
bene wonne to iiis knowledge, as many if them were, and alnio>t as many as euer were per-
swaded thereunto. The storie whereof is :it large written bv a Bishop of their owne nation
called Hartii(domcw de his C"a...as, and translated into Eiij;lish ami many other laiigua'^es, in-
tituled The .Sp.iiii li ( ruelties. Who would llierelcre repose trust in such a nation of raiien-
ous Strang rs, a.ul j'-peciallv in those Spani.irds which more greedily thirst after English
blood, then alter the lines of any oilier people of Europe, for the many ouerthrowes

ami

669

f> ■■. 1

k{ :M

1 , ill',)* \

I'll I'll i'Vl'^""

67(r

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

SiV Richard Creenuill.

and dishonoura they haue recciucd at our hand:;, whose wcakencsse wee haue discoucrcfl to
the world, aiul whose forces at home, abroad, in Europe, in India, by sea and land, wee
haue eucn with handfulles of men and Khippcs, oucrthrowen and dishonoured. Let not
therefore any linglish man, of what rclifjiou soeur, haue other opinion of the Spaniard)), but
that those whom hee sceketh to winne of our Nation, he estecmeth base and trayterous, vn-
worthy persons, or vnconstant foolos: and that he vseth his pretense of religion, for no
other purpose but to bewitch vs from the obedience of our natural! Prince, thereby hoping;
in time to bring vs to slauery and subiection, and then none shall be vnto them so odiou«,
and disdayncd as the traitours thcniselucs, who haue solde their Countrey to a stranger, and
forsaken their faith and obedience contraric to nature & religion; and contraric to that hu-
mane and gcnerall honour, not onely of Christians, but of heathen and irreligious nations,
who haue alwa\cs sustaynrd what labour soeuer, and embraced euen death it selfe, for their
countrey, Prince, or common wealth. To conclude, it hath euer to this day pleased God to
prosper and defend her Maic!*tic, to breake the purposes of malicious enemies, of forswonie
traytors, and of iniust practises and inuasions. She hath cucr beene honoured of the worthicM
kings, serued by faithful! subiccts, and shall by the fauourof God, resist, rcpell, and confound all
whatsoeuer attempts against her sacred person or kingdomc. In the mcunc time let the Spn-
niard and traytour vannt of their successe, and wee her true and obedient vassals, guided by
the shining light of her virtues, shall alwayes loue her, seme her, and obey her to the cull
of our lines.

A particular note of the Indian fleet, expected to haue come info Spaine this pre-
sent yeere of 1591. with the number of sliipprs that are perished of the same:
according to the exainin.ition of certaine Sj)aniards lately taken and brought
into England by the ships ( f London.

THe fleete of Nona Ilispaniu, at their first galhcrin;; toKCllicr and sctlin,-; foorth, were tw,.
and fiftie sailes. The Admiral! w.is of sixe hundred tunnr-, and the Vice Adinirall of the
same burthen. Foure or line of the shippes were ofni! c luindrcil and 100() tiinnes a piece,
some fine himdred, and some foiirc hundred and the Ic.i^l of two hundred tuns. Of this
fleet ly were cast away, and in thcin ''2CA)0 men by rsiimaiioii, whiih was done along t!u-
coast of Nona Ilispania, so that of the same fled there came to tlie llauana but .'Ji sailcs.

The (Icete of Terra Firnia were, at tht ir first departure from Spaine, lifiie sailes, which
were iwund for Noinbre de Dios, where ihey did discharge 'heir ladiii;;, and thence returned
to Cartagena, for their healths sake, Mitill the lime the treasure was readit thev should take
in, at the said Nonibre de Dios. But before this llecte departed, sume were gone l)y one or
two at a time, so that onely "23 >ayles of this fleete arriued in the llauana.
r.J.'i sailes of Nona Ilispania.

At the llauana J 2-i sailes of Terra Firma.
there met | 12 sailes of San Doming".

[_ U sailes of the Ilnnduras.

The whole 77 shippes, ioyned and set sailcs all tonciher at tlie llauana, ilie I / of InK,
according to our account, and kept fonether vniill they ciniv into tlie height of thirlie lim-
degrees, which was about the tenili of August, where tlicv i'ouiid the wlixle at Soutliwesi
chaunged suddeiily to the North, so that the sea emnniing out nf tlie .Southwcit, and the
wind very violent at North, they were put all into great extrcniitij-, ami then first lost the
General! of their fleete, with .jlK) men in her; and within three or foure dayes after, an other
storme rising, there were line or >ixe other of tlie biggi'st shi|)pes cast away witli all their men,
together with their Vice-.VImirall.

.\nd in llie height of .'iS. degrees, about the end olWiuju^t, grew another great storme, in
which all the fleet sauing 48. sailcs were cast awav : which 4H. sailes kept together, vntill
they came in sight of the Islands of C'oruo and Flores, about the filt or sixt ol' SeptemV.r, at
which time a great storme separated them; of which number fil'leene or sixeleene were aliT
liecne by these Spanyard* to ride at anchor vndcr the Terceia; and tv vine or I'ourcleene mon-

Sir Richard Grtennill.

M. Robert Flick.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

671

to beare with the Island oFS. Michael; what became nf them aPtcr that these Spaniards were
taken cannot yet be certified ; their opinion is, that very Few of thee fleet are escaped, but
are either drowned or taken. And it in other waies of late certified, that of this whole flcete
that should haue come into Spaine this yeere, being one hundred twentie and three sayle,
there are arriued as yet but flue and twentie. This note was taken out of the examination
ofcertainc Spanianles, that were brought into England by sixc of the ships of London,
which tooke scucn of the aboue named Indian Fleete, neere the Islands of Azores.

A report of Master Robert Flicke directed to Master Thomas Bromley, Master
Richard Staper, and Master Cordall concerning the successe of a part of the
London supplies sent to my Lord Thomas Howard to the Isles of the Azores,
1591.

WOrshipfull, my heartic commendations vnto you premised : By my last of the twelfth
of August from this place I aducrtised you particularly of the accidents of our Fleete vntill
then. It remayncih now to relate our endeuours in accomplishing the order receiued for the
ioyning with my Lordc Thomas Howard, together with the successe wee haue had. Our
departure from hence was the seuenteenth of August, the winde not seruing before. The
next day following I cause*! a Flagge of Counsell to be put fooilli, whereupon the Captaines
and Masters of eucry shippc came aboord, and I acquainted them with my Commission,
firmed by the Right honourable the Lordes of her Maiesties Counsell, and with all the aduer-
tiscments of Sir Edward Denny, of my Lordes determination to remaine threescore leagues
to the West of Fayal, spreading North and South betwixt thirtie scuen and a halfe or thirty
eight and a halfe degrees. And not finding him in this heighth to repaire to the Isles of
Flores and Coruo, where a I'iiincsse of purpose should stay our comming vntill the last of
August, with intent after that day to repaire to y coast of Spaine, about the heigth of The
Kockc, some twentie or ihirtic leagues oil' the shoare. The which being aduisedly con-
sidered of, hailing regard vnto the shortncsse of time, by reason of our long abode in this
place, and the vncertaincty of the weather to fauour vs, it was generally holden for the best
and securest way to mectc with my Lorde, to beare with the heigth of The Rockc, without
making any stay vpnn the coast, and so directly for the Islands which was accordingly
fully agreed and performed. The "iH day wee had sight of the Burlings, and the 29 being
thwart of I'cniclie, the winde scniing vs, without any stay we directed our course West for
the Islands. The ',iO day we met with Captaine Roydcn in the Red-Unse, sometime called
the Golden Drngon, separated from my Lonie of Cumberland inastormc: who certi-
fied vs of TjOsayles of the Spanish kings Arinadus to be gone for the Hands, but could not
inl'orme vu any lunve- of my LiTd Thomas Howard, otherwise then vpon presumption to
remaine about the Islaiules, and so wee continued our course the winde standing with vs.

The 4 of September wc reccuereil Tercera, and ranged along all the Islands, both on the
South and North sides the space of inure dayes: during which time it was not our hap to
nieete with any shipping, wli'Tcliy cither to vnderstand of my Lord, or of the Indian Fleete:
hereupon we directed oiir course to the West from Fayal, according to the instructions of Sir
lulwanl Denny. The 1 1 day in the plying to the Westwards we descried a sayle out of our
maine toppe, and in the aficriioiMic betweenc two and three of the clocke hauing raysed her
hull, the weallier became calnie, sc that the ship could not fetch her. 1 sent ofl' my SkifT'e
throughly manned, furnislu'd with shot and swords, The Cheriibin, and the Margaret and
lohn doing the like. \[hm this the savle stood olf againe, and the night approching, our
boates lost her aiul so returned. In this our pursute alter the sayle the Centurion being left
a Sterne, the iie\t inoriiing wee missed her, and spent that day in plying vp and down seek-
ing her. And for as much as euery of the ships had receiued order, that, if by
extremity of weather or anv other mischance they should be scuered from our Fleete, they
should nu'cte and iovne at Flores, we, accordinj; to the instructions of Sir F.dward Denny,
proceeded to the linding of my Lord Thomas Howard, being in the heigth appointed and
not able to liolde the same by reason of extreme tcmpcsfcs which forced vs to the Isles of

Flores

i/t«

t, :\

r (

ioil:';ii|lii(ij

' -''1 > -'"ai™ ¥'

if # '■4 Ms-
■"hi Tllf

618

A tiulrnt
tivrmc*

A Portugall
Hnic taken.

AtiihWfit-
In.lia pT\ie
t«krn.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

M. Robert Fli,i ■

KlorM and Coriio, whicli wc made the H day in the morning, and there alsto ioyncd againc
with the Centurion, whose company before wr hjd lost: who declared vnto vm that tKc l;i
day, being the same day they lost vs, theT met with (iue and forty Railed of the Indian
Fleete. The same ni^ht, vpon these iiewes w<' came to an anker beiweene Flores and
Coruo, and the mnrow followiii); at the breake of day, a llaggc of Counsell being put out,
the Captaines & Nfasler^ rame abord nie : where, for liie desire to vnderNtand some tidings
of my Lord, as also the NUpplving of our want (<f water, it was thought gomi to send oui-
boats furni>hed on shore, vndcr llic conduct of Cnptaine Urolhus, and then it was also or-
dered after our departure theni e to range along the Southsidcs of the Islands to the end vie
might either vnderstand of my Lord, or else light on the Indian flecte ; and in the ini.ssin»
of our purpose to direct our course for Cape Sant Vincente.

The boatcs, according to the foresayd determination, lieing sent on shoare, it chaunccd
that the Coslely ryding vttennost in the roade, did weigh to bring her selfc more ncrn
among vs Irr the succour of the boales sent od', and in opening the land discouered (wu
sayles, which wc in the roade could not perceiue : whereupon shee gaue vs a warning pice c,
which caused vs to wane ofl' our boates backe, and before they could recoucr our shipper,
the discrycd siiips appeared vnto vs, towardcs the whicl> we made with ail liaste, and in ;,
very happie houre, as it pleased (lod. In that wee had not sosoone cleared the lande, aii.l
spoken with one of them, which was a Barke of Bristoll, who had also sought my Lordc m
the heiglhs aj)pointcd and could not findc him, but a violent storme arose, in >uch manner,
as if we had remained in the roade, wc had iieene in daunger of perishing: and the same
extremely continued during the space of tiireescore houres. In which storme I was sepa-
rated from our Fleete, except the (^herubin and the Co«teIy, which kept company with nice
And so say ling among the Hands, I viewed the made of ISval, and linding no Koaders there,
went directly for the Isle Terccrn.

The nineteenth day in the morning coninnng \nto y s.nne with intent to edge into tiu-
Hoad, a tempest arose and scanted the winde, that ue lould not spase it: from the which
being driuen wc fell among ceriaine of the Indian Fleete, whii h the saydc storme dispersed,
and put them from the road : whcrcu|)on my sclfe with tlie other two ships in companie gaue
seuerall chasps, and thereby lost the €■ nipany cacli of oihcr.

In following our chase aboue noone we made lur to strike and yeelde, being a I'crtiigall,
laden with hides, salsa-perilla and Anile. At this \crv insiant we e»pied another, and tak-
ing our I'risc wiih vs followed h«T, and somewhat belinc niu'iit obtayned her, named the
Conception, Francisco Spinola being Caplaine, which was laden with hides, Cochonillic,
and certainc raw silke. And for that the seas were so growen, ;is neither with boate nnr
shippc they were to bee boorded, we kept them till (it opportuniiie. The same night a litlc
before dav there happened nnoti.er into our compiiu , -upp ising \s by our two prizes to l)c
of their Fleete, which we vntill the niorninx dissembled.

The ;iO day in the morning, the sa_\ le being shut somewhat a head of vs, hauing a sjk'-
ciall care for the safe kcejjing of the two former, we purposed to cause our Prizes to |>iit
out more sa)le thereby to kecpe them ncerc in giuing chase to the other: vnto the which
the Master would not hearken nor be |)erswaded, but that they would follow vs: by the
which his wilfulnesse bv sue h lime as we had caused the other to \ eelde, and sent men aljoord,
the Conception, Francisco .Spinola Captaine being l)rought a sterne, and hauing gotten the
winde of vs, stood ofl' with all her sa\lcs bearing, so as we were forced to make a new chase
of her: and had not the winde enlarged vpon vs we had lest her. In the pursulc before
we recouered her and brought our sthies againe in company of our other Frizes, (he whole
day was spent, and bv this meaiies we lost the o|)<)rtunitie of th:it day, the weather litly srr-
iiing to boon! the I'ortugall Prize, which w:is in great distresse, and made request to take
them being readie to sinke, and, as we well perceiued, they ceased not to pumpe day aiui
night : the which ship to all our iudgements the same night perished in the sea.

The one anil twentie dav the Conception, whereof Francisco Spinola was Captaine, being
also in a leake, and the wme ktill increasing notwithstanding the continuall pumping, in

«uch

M. Robert FtU'K-

here also ioyncd againo
ircd vnto vs that the I'J
•ty nailes of the Indian
:r bclwefne Florcs ami
Counsell bcinK put out.
vndcrttand some tidings
liought good to send ouv
and then it was also or-
ihc Islands to the end wo
ectc ; and in the misxiii;;

U on shoarc, it chauncid
ing her sclfc more nrm
T the land discouered iwu
^paiie vs a warning piiic.
ould reroiK-r our shippc",
Ic with all haste, and iii ;i
)ne cleared the lande, m.\
A also sought my Lordc n.
nic arose, in -nth manner.

• perishing: :••«' •'"' "»""'
whirh storme I was sepa-
h kept company with n-ic
d linding no Uoadcrs there,

ill, intent to edge into tin-
,t >ease it ; from the whicli
ll)e savdc sti.rnic disjier^ed,
iwo>hips incompanie gauf

1 veeld<-, »)eing a I'ortug.ill,
we e»pied another, and lak-
,t uhlayned her, named ilu-
liM) with hides, CoihoniUio,
;m neither with bi'atc nnr
iiiie. The same nighi a litl.-
g vs by our two pri/.es to be

a head of vs, hauing a spe-
I to cause our Prizes to yul
„ ihe other: vnto the whidi
cv would follow vs : by tlic
, x'eelde, and sent men abourd,
erne, and hauing gotten the
L- forced to make a new chase
I her In the pursute before
r our other Prizes, the whole
lat day, the weather litly ser-
<e, and made request to take
, eased lu.t to pumpe day ami
■rished in the sea.
) Spinola was Captaine, benig
r the continuall pumping, in

* 8ucb

M. Robert Ptiek.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUBRIBS.

67S

•uch sort as not to be kept along aboue water. I tooke and diacharged out of her two and forty
chestes of Cochonillio and silkes, and so left her with 11 Toole water in holde. and her fur-
niture and 4700 hides, vnto the aetm.

The other Prize which we haue brought into the harborough in named Koatra Sennora de
lo8 remcdios, whereof Francisco Aluares is Captaine, laden with 16 chest.s of Cochonillio,
ccrtaine fardels of raw silke, and about 4000 hides. Vpon the dittoharge of the gouds your
worships shall be particularly aduertised thereof.

In the boording of tiie Prizes the disorder of the company was nuch. as that they letted
not presently besides the rifling of the Spanianlx to breake open the chests and to purloyne
.luch money as was in them : notwithstanding that it was ordered at coniienient leasurc to
haue gone aboord my selfe, and there in the presence of three or foure witnesses to haue
taken a iust account thereof, and the same to haue put in safe keeping, according to the ef-
fects of articles receiued in this behalfe.

And whereas there were also certaine summes of money taken from the company Which
they Irod thus purloyned and embcseled, and the same with some other parcels brmight
aboord my ship, amounting vnto 8129 pezoes & a halfe, the company as pillage due vnt6
them demanded to haue the same shared, which I refused. & openly at the maine maste read
the artlcleti Krmed by my Lord Treasurer and my lord Admiral), whereby we ought to be di-
rected, and that it was not in mee any way to dispose thereof vntill the same were finally de-
termined at home. Hereupon they mutinied and at last grew into such furie, as that they
would haue it or els breake downe the cabbine, which they were also readie to put in prac>
tise, whereby I was forced to yecid, least the Spaniards which we had abord being many peiV
ceiuing the same, might haue had tit opportunilie to rise against vs, which, after their brawls
were appeased, they sought to haue put in execution.

By the last aduise from Castile the Genenll of the kings Armada which is lately corM to
sea hath receiued commaundement to ioyne his Fleete with those of the Indies, and for to
slay altogether at Tercera vntill Ihe 15 of October: for that 6 pataches with 7 or 8 millions
of the kings treamire will come by that lime, or els they stay their romming from Hauana
vntill lanuary next, or Ihe kings further pleasure therein to be knowen. These Pataches are
said to be of 300 tuns the piece, and to cary SO pieces of bnsse, and also of saile reported
to haue Ihe aduantage of any shipping.

There perished of the Indies Fleete sunkc in the sea before their comming to FloTes 11
■ailes, whereof the General was one, and not one man saued. And it is by the Spaniards
themselues presupposed that the stormes which we had at Flores & at Tercera haue defiour-
ed many more of them, whereof in part we were eye witnesses. And so what by the aeas
and our men of warre I presume that of 75 sailes that came from Hauana, halfe of them will
neucr anriue in Spaine.

The 1 1 day of October at night we came to anker in the sound of Plimouth, and the next
morning with our Prize came into Cattewater : for which God be thanked : for that a vehe-
ment .storme arose, and with such fury increased, as that the Prize was forced to cut oner
her maine maste: otherwise with the violence of the storme, her ground tackle being bad,
she had driuen on shore : which was the most rausc that moued me to put in here ; intend-
ing now here tu discharge the goods without further aduenture, and haue certified thus much
vnto my Lord Admirall, and therewith also desired to vnderstande the direction of Ihe Lords
of the iDounsell together with yours, insomuch as my Lord Thomas Howard is not returned.
How the rest of our consorts which were seperated from vs by weather haue sped, or what
Prizes they haue taken, whereof there is much hope by reason of the scattering of the West
Indian Fleete, as yet we are able to say nothing. And thus expecting youf answere, and
for all other matters referring me vnto the bearer Captaine Furtho, I end. Plymouth the 24
of October 1591.

Your worships louing firiend
Robert Flicke.

vol.. II

A large

e74

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS.

^* 'n .' Wl "" '•!;

iV V

Mm 'rm

The hon. Ertt of Cumft.

A large testimony of lohn Huighen van Linichoten Hollander, concerning the wor-
thy cxplofta atchieiied by the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland, By Sir **
Martine Frobisher, Sir Richard Greenuile, and diuera other Englioh Captaines,
about the ImIcs of the Acorett, and vpon the coa«tM oF Spaine and Portugal!, in
theyeeres 1589, 1590, 1591, &c. recorded in his excellent discourac of voiagcs
to the East and West Indies, cap. 96. 97. and 99.

THe S2 or luly 1589 about Buening, being by the Islands of Flores & Coruo, we per-
cciued J ships that made towards vs, which came from vnder the land, which put vs in great
feare: for they came close by our Admirall, and shot diuers limes at him, and at another
•hip of our companic, whereby we pcrceiucd them to be Englishmen, for they bare an En-
glish flagge vpon their maine top, but none of them shewed to be aboue 60 tunnes in grrai-
nes. Aouut Euening they followed after vs, and all night bore lanternes with randlex burn-
ing in them at their sternes, although the Moone shined. The same night paNning hard by
the Island of Fayal, the next day being belweene the Island of S. George that lay on our
right hand, and the small Island called Graciosa on our left hand, we espit-d the 3 Engliiih
ships still following vs ^ tooke counsell together, whereof one sailed backwards, thinking
that some other ship had come after vs without cdpany, & for a time was out of sight, but
it was not long before it came again to ^ other two, wherwith they tooke coDhcI & came all
3 together against our ship, because we lay in the lee of al our ships, 8c had f Island of S.
George on the one side in stead of a sconce, thinking to deale so with vs that in f end we
should be constrained to run viM>n the shore, whereof we wanted no. much, and in that
manner with their flagges openly displayed, came lustily towardes vs, Mmnding their Trum-
pets, and sayled at the lea.st three times about vs, Iteating vs with Musket and Caliuer, and
some great pieces, and did vs no hurt in the body of our shippe, but spoyled all our sayles*
and ropes, and to conclude, wee were so plagued by them, that no man durst put foorth his
head, and when wee shot oflT a pcece, wee had at the least an houres worke to lade it againe,
whereby wee had so great a nnliie and eric in the shippe, as if we had all bene cast away,
whereat the English men themselues begannc to mocke vs, and with a thousand iesting woids
called vnto vs. In the mcane time the other shippes hoiiied all their sayles, and did the best
thry could to saile to the Island of Tercrra, not looking once bchinde them to heipe vs,
doubting they should come too late thither, not cai.nK for vs, but thinking themselues m
haue done sulTiciently ko they saucd their owne slako-, whereby it may easily be scene what
company they kccpe one with the other, and what order is among them. In the ende the
English men pcrceiuing small aduantage against vs, (little knowing in what case and fearc
wc were, as also because wee were not farre from Terrcra) left vs. which made vs not a litle
to reioyce, as thinking our selues to bee risen from death to life, although wee were not
well assured, neyther yet voyde of feare till we lay in the road before Tercera, and vnder
thesafetie of the Purtingales fort, and that we might get thither in good time wee made all
the .sailes we couki: on the other side wc were in great doubt, because we knew not what
they did in the Island, nor whether they were our friends or enemies, and we doubled isn
much the more, because we found no men of warrc nor any Curuels of aduisu from For-
lingal, as wee made our accounts to doe, that might lonuoy vs from thence, or giue vs ad-
u\t,e, as in that counlrey ordinarily they vse to do : and because the English men had bene
so victorious in those parts, it made \s suspect that it went not well with Spaine : they of the
Island of Tercera were in no lease feare then we, fur seeing our llecte, they thought vs to
bee Englishmen, and that wee came to ouerrun the Island, because the 3. Englishmen had
bound vp their flags, and came in company with vs : for the which cause the Hand sent out
two Cnruels that lay there with aduise from the king, for the Indians ships that should come
ihiiher. Those Caruels came to view vs, and perceiuin;; what we were, made after vs, where-
upon the Engliiih ships left vs, and made towardes them, because the Caruels thought them
to be friends, and shunned them not, as supposing them to bee of our company, but we shot
foure or fiuc times and made signes vnto them that they should make towards the Island,

which

^:>^)l^

le hon. Erie of Cumh.

icerning the wor- ^
mberland. By Sir
itglish Captaines,
and Portugal!, in
Hcourac of voiagw

ores & Coruo, we per-
l, which put v« in great
at hiin, and at another
n, for they bare an En-
joue 60 tunncs in great-
rnes with randlcH burn-
c night pawling hard by
George that lay on our
we espifd the 3 English
led backwards, thinking
ne was out of sight, but
looke coQm) & came all
M, & had J Island of S.
Mith vs that in J end we
1 no', much, and in that
MH, -•ttunding their Trum-
Musket and Caliuer, and
but apoyled all our saylcs
J man duwt put foorthhii
es worke to lade it againe,
,e had all bene cast away,
h a thousand iesting word*
ir sayles, and did the best
chinde them to helpe vs,
,u thinking themselues to

may easily be seenc what
g them. In the ende the
ig in what case and fcarc
, which made vs not a litle
c, although wee were not
before Tercera, and vndcr
in good time wee made all
brcauxe we knew not what
icmics, and we doubted no
Jaruels of aduisc from Por-
rom thence, or giue vs ad-

thc English men had bene
W with Spaine : they of the
r llcctc, they thought vs to
,use the 3. Englishmen had
ich cause the Hand sent out
ians ships that should come

were, made after vs, wherc-
se the Caruels thought them
>r our company, but we shot

" make towards the Island,
which

Thehon.ErhofCumb. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

which ther presently did. The Englishmen perceiuing that, did put forwardi into the tea,
ll so the CarueU horded vs telling vs that the men of the Island were all in armea, as hauing
receiued aduise from Portugall, that Sir Francis Drake was in readinesse, and woulde com*
vnto those Islands. They likewise brought vs newrs of the ouerthrow of the Spanish fleet
before England, and that the English men had bene before the gates of Lisbon : whereupon
(he king gaue vs commandemont that we should put into the Uland of Tercera, and there lie
vnder the safety of the Castle vntill we receiued further aduise what we should do, or whe-
ther we should saile : for that they thought it loo dangerous for vs to go to Lisbon. Those,
newes put our fleet in great feare, and made vs looke vpon euhe other not knowing what to
say, as being dangerous for them to put into the road, because it lieth open tu the sea: so
that the Indian ships, although they hud cxpressc commandement from the king, yet tliey
durst not anker there, but oneiy vsed to romc thither, and to lie to and fro, sending their
boaies on land to fetch such necessaries as they wanted, without ankering : but being by
neceasitie compelled thereunto, as also by the kings commandement, and for that we vnder>
stood the Erie of Cumberland not to bee furre from those Islands with certaine ships of warre,
we made ncccssiiie a verlue, and cntring the road, ankercd close vnder the Castle, staying
for aduise and order from the king, to performc our voyage, it being then the 34. of luly,
and S. lames day.

The day before the Erie of Cumberland with (i. or 7. ships of war, sailed by the Island ol
Tercera, and to their great good fortune passed out of sight, so that they dispatched them-
selues in all haste, and for the more securitie, tooke with them 4. hundred Spaniards of those
that lay in Garrison in the Island, and with them they sayled towards Lisbon, hauing a good
wind: so that within II dales after they arriued in the rioer of Lisbon with great gladnes Sc
triumph : for if they had stayed but one day longer before they had entred the riuer, they
had ail beene taken by Captaine Drake, who with 40 ships came before Cascais at the same
time that the Indian ships ca»t anker in the riuer of Lisbon, being gardcd thither by diuers
Gallies.

While I remained in Tercera, the Erie of Cumb. came to S. Marie, to take in fresh water,
and some other virtuals : but the inhabitants would not suffer him to haue it, but wounded
hoth himselfe & diuers of his men, whereby they were forced to depart without hauing any
thing there.

The Erie of Cumberland while I lay in Tercera, came vnto the Isle of Gracinsa, where
himselfe in person, with seuen or eight in his company went on land, asking certaine beasts,
hens, and other victuals, with wine and fresh water, which they willingly gaue him, and
therewith he de|Mrted from thence, without doing them any hurt : for the which the inhabi-
tants thanked him, and commended him for his conrtesie, and keeping of his promise.

The same time that the Erie of Cumberland was in the Island of Graciosa, he came like-
wise to Fayall, where a; the first time that he came, they beganne to resist him, but by rea-
son of some controuersie among liiem, they let him land, where, he razed the Castle to the
ground, and sunkc all their Onlinance in the sea, taking with him certaine Carauels and
shi|M that lay in the road, >vith prouision of all things that he wanted : and therewith depart-
ed againe to se.i. Whereupon the king caused the principall actors therein to be punished,
and sent a company of souldicrs thither againe, which went out of Tercera, with all kinde of
warlike munition, and great shot, making the fortresse vp againe, the better to defend the
Island, trusting no more in the Porttigales.

The 99 Chapter,

THc ninth of October 1589. there arriued in Tercera fourtecne ships that came from the
Spanish Indies, laden with Cochinile, Hides, Golde, Silucr, Pearles, and other rich wares.
i'hey were tiftic in cumpaiiie, when they departed out of the Hauen of Hauana, whereof, in
their coinming out of the Channell, eleuen sunke in the same Channell by foule weather, the
rest by a storme were scattered and sepcrated one from the other. The next day there came
another ship of the same companie, that sailed close vnder the Island, so to get into the

4 R 2 Roade;

VOYAOU, NAUIOATIONt.

Tluhmt.Brk^^fam^k

1' ■U":S^'^V

f,> ' r;

Rioad* : when sb* met with an iMgIkh ship that had not aboue thra* oait pmcea, and ih«
^niaida It. Thty rought a long time together, which we being in (he bhuid might atantf
and behold i whefevpon tne Ooucrnour of fentn iicnt two boam of Muihcticra to heljie the
•hippe : but before ihev could come at her, the Ingliih ship had shot her vndar water, and
v»e aaw her ainke into tne Sea with all her laylea vp, and not any thing aeene of her aboue
the water. The EngKthmen with their boate mued the Captaine and about thirtie othei*
with him, but not one pcnie-worth of the good*, and vet in the ahippe there waa at the leant
to the vahie of two hundred ihouMnd Docliata in GoMe, .Silurr and Prarira, ihe re*t of the
men were drawiied which might be about flftie perMna, among the which were aome PryerN
and vwmen, which the Bngliihmen wouM not aaue. Thow that they had aaued they mi on
land : and then they Myled away. The wiien and twentieth of the aame moneth, the nayd
ftnireteene ahipa hauing reftvfihed thrmMeliiea in (he Inland departed from Tercera toward Si-
uill, and comming vpon the coanl of Spaine ihr^ were taken by the Kngliwh iihipii that lay
there to watck for them, two onely cxi. ntcd which escaped away, and the reat were wholly
caried into England.

About the aame time the Erie nf Cumberland with one of the Queenca Mhipa, and flue or aixc
more, kept about thoae Islands and came orienlimea mo clone vnder the bland, and to the
Road of Angra. that the people on land might eaiily icll all hi<t men that he had aboord, and
knewe wch aa walked on the Hatchea : they of the laland not once xhooting at them, although
they might eaaily haue done it, for they were within Muiket ihot both of the lowne and fort
In thc«e plarea he continued for the apace of two monetha, and aayled round about the 1*-
landa, and landed in Oracinn and Faval, a* in the deacriplion of thoae lalanda 1 haue alreadie
declared. Here he tooke diuera ahips and CarauelK, which he aent into England : ao that
thn^e of the bland dutat not once put foorth their heada. At the Kame time about three or
ibure dayea after the Brie of Cumberland had beene in the bland of Fayal, and waa departed
from thence, there arriued in the aaid bland of Fayal aixe Indian nhipite*, whnae General wa*
one luan Doriues : and thrrr they discharged in the Hand 4 millli>nii of golde and ailuer,
And hauing with all aper.lc refrmhrd their ahipi, fearing the comming of the Bngliahmen
they aet aayle, ami arriued wifely in S. Liicar, not meeting with the enemir, to the f;reat good
lucke of the Spaniards and haiti fortune of the Engliahmen : for that within leaae then two
dayea after the gnldc and xiluer was laden againe into the Spanish ithipa, the Erie of Curober>
land sayled agyine by that bland : m that it appeared that (ind would rot let them haue it,
for if they had once had »ight thereof, without doubt it h.-id bene theirs aa the Spaniaitla
themselues confeaaed.

In the moneth of Nouember there arriued in Tercera two groat nhippea, which were the
Admirall and Viceadmirall of the Fleete laden with niliier, who with aiurmie weather were
aeparaied from Ihe Fleete, and had beene in great torment and diNtre»(e, and readie toainlie :
fer they were forced to vwe ail their Pump*: nn that ihev wished a thousand time* to haue
met with the Engliahmen In whonvlhey would willingly haue giurn iheir xiliier and all th.it
euer they brought with them, onely to saue their liiie<*. And although the Erie of Cumber>
hnd lay •ttill about thme blandn, yet they met not with him, so that after much paine and la-
bour they got into the Road before Angra, wherewith all speede they vnladcd and dinrharged
aboue fine miliionH of ailuer, all in pieics of H or 10 pound fj:reat: so that the whole Kay lay
couered with plates and chexN of itilucr, full of Kyales of eight, moHt woiulerrull lo behold,
(each million bcin^ ten hundred thuuNand ducltals,) befiide>< pearlet*, gold, and other stones
which were not rrgistred. The Admirall and chicfe commaundrr of those shipn and Flceie
called Aluaro Florcs de Quiniones was sicke nf the Nea|)»lilan ditease, and was brought to
land, whereof not long after he died in Siuillia. He brought with him the Kings broad scale
and fnllauthoritie to beOenerall and chiefe commaunder vpon the Seas, and of nil Fleetes or
ahips, and of all places and Islands, or lands wheresoeuer lie came : wherevpon the Goueriiour
of Terrera did him <^rcat honour, and brtweene ihem it was concluded, perceiuing the weak-
nesse of their ships and the danger of the Englishmen, thai they would send the shippes
emptie with souldicre to conuey them, either to Siuill or Lisbon, where they could first arriue,

with

■S'' '

Uhtft. ErU^Oimk

SpmUtk priutmkm.

TRAFnQUlS, AND DISCOUBRIBS.

«iHlh adttiw «nf"> hb Maietti* of all thai had patatd, and that h« would giua order to finch
iH aihicr wMi good and aafc conuoy. Wharevpon the aaid Aluaro Plorta atayad thtra, vn-
dar colour oX kecpinf th« iiluar, but apaoially bacauno of hi* diaeaae, and for that thay wera
allVaida of fkt EnglUhnen. Thia Aluaro Floras had alone for hia owna part aboue 60000
Duckatt in pcadlm which ha ahewed vnto va, dC aought to tell ihem or barter tham with va
for npirea or b<h uf exchanKO. The aaid two aMiM Mt saile with 3 or 4 hundred men, aa wall
aouldier* ■• oth -m that came with ihem out of India, and being at nca had a itorme, where*
with the AdwiMJi burtt and Hunlte in the «aa, it not one man aaued. Tht Vice«AdMirall
cut downc her mait, and ranne the Nhin on ground hard by SctuucI, where H b«r«t in piecea,
aome of ih« men nauing theimeluett by swimming, that brought the n«wca, but the raat
were drowned.

In the name moneth there rame two great ship* out of the Speniah Indiee, and being with-
in halfe a mile of the Knad of Terrrru, they met with an Bngliah ahip, which, after they
had fought long together, tooke Ihem both. About 7 or 8 monetha before, there had beene
an Engliah iihippe in Tercera, that vnder the name of a Frenchman rame to trafflke in th«
laland, there to lade woad, and being diKcodcred wx<i both nhip and goods confiscated to tht
kin|{s vse, and all the men kept prisoners : yet went they vp and downe the atreetea to get
their liuings, by labouring like slaues, being in deede as safe in that Island, aa if they had
beene in prison. But in the rnde vpon a Sunday, all the Saylen went downe behindc th«
hib called Brrsil : where they found a Fisher-boat, whereintn they got and rowed into the am
to the Erie of Cumberlands shippes, which to their great fortune chanced at that timt to
come by the Island, and ankered with his ships about halfe a mile IVom the Road of Angra,
hard by two small Isiandi*, which lie about a bases shot from the Island and are full of Ooal>«
Deere and Sheepe, belonging to the inhabitants of the Island of Tercera. Those Saylera
knew it well, and thereupon they rowed vnio them with their boates, and lying at anker that
day, thry Tetched as many Gnaies and sheepe as ihey had neede of: which those of the toWne
and of the Island well saw and beheld, yet durst not once goe Toorth : so there remained no
more on land but the Master and ihe Merchant of the said EnKlish ship. This Master had a
brother in lawe dwelling; in England, who hauing newes of his brothers imprisonment in Ter>
ccra, got licence of the Querne of England to set forth a shin, therewith to aee if he could
recouer his losses of the Spaniards by taking some of them, and so to redeeme his brother
that lay prisoner in Tercera, and he it was that tooke the two Spanish ships before the Towne,
the Master of the ship aforesaid standing on the shore by me, and looking vpon them, tat
he was my great ar«fuaintance. The ship* being taken that were worth 300 thousand duck-
ate, he sent al the men on land sailing onely two of the principnll (icntlcmen, which he kept
aboord thereby t6 ransome his brother : and sent the Pilot of one of the Indian ships that
were taken, with a letter to the Gouernor of Tercera : wherein he wrote that he should de-
liuer him his brother, iV he would send the 2 Gentlemen on land: if not, he would aaile
with ihcm into England, as indeed he did, because the Gouernour would not doe it, saying
that the (ientlemen miirht make that *\\\\c to the king of Spaine himselfe. This Spanish Pi*
lot we bid to supper with v<<, and the En;;iiNhmen likewise, where he shewed vs all the man-
ner of their light, much commending the order and maner of the Englishmens fighting, aa
also their courteous vsing nf him : but in the end the English Pilot likewise stole away in a
French ship, wiihoiit paying any ransome ax yet.

In the moneth of lanuarie I.VJO there arriued one ship alone in Tercera, that came from
the .Spanish Indies, and l)ri-ii<;ht newcs that there was a Fleete of a hundred shippes which
put out from Ihe Firme laiul of the Spanish Indies, and by a storme were driuen vpon the
coast called Florida, where they were ail cast away, ^he hauing onely escaped, wherein
there were great riches, & maiy inin h^t, as it may well be thought: so that they made
their account, that of 2'^0 shi|)>> that fur certaine were linowen to haue put out of Noua
Spagna, S. Domingo, Ilnuana, Capo verde, Brasilia, Guinea, &c. in the yeere 158U. to
saile for Spnine & Portu^all, there were not aboue 14 or 15 of them arriued there in safe-
tie, all the rest being cither drowned, burst or taken.

67R

'1 '¥ T ' 1'

u :

mrmA

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Spanish Barbaritie.

In the same moiicth of lanuary there arriiicd in Terrera 15 or 16 ihips that came Trom
Siuil, which were nioxt Flieboati of the Low countries), and some Britons that were ari'estsd
in Spalne: these came full of souldiers. and well appointed with munition, to lade the siluer
that lay in Tcrcera, and to fetch Aluares de Flores by the kings comandement into Spaine.
And because that time of the yeere there are alwayes stormes about those Hands, therefore
they dunt not enter into the road of Tcrcera, for that as then it blew so great a storme that
some of their ships that had ankred were forced to cut downe their mastes, and were in dan-
ger to be lost: aiid among the rest a ship of Biscaie ran against the land and was striken in
pieces, but all the men saued themselues. The other ships were forced to keepe the sea
and seperate themselueti one from the other, where wind and weather would driue them vntiil
the 15 of March for that in ail th.it time they could not haue one day of faire weather to
anker in, whereby they endured much miserie, cursing both the siluer and the Hand. This
storme being past, they chanced to meet with a small English ship of about 4U tunnes in big-
nesse, which by reason of the great wind could not beare all her sailes : so they set vpon
her and tooke her, and with the English flag in their Admirals steme, they came as proudly
into the hauen as if they had conquered all the realme of England : but as the Admiral! that
bare the English flag vpon her sterne was cntring into the road, there came by chance two
English ships by the Hand that paied her so well for her paines, that they were forced to cry
Misericordia, and without all doubt had taken her, if she had bene but a mile further in the
sea : but because she got vnder the Fortresse, which also began to shoot at the Englishmen,
they were forced to leaue her, and to put further into the sea, hauing slaine flue or sixe of
the Spaniards. The Englishmen that were taken in the small shippe were put vnder hatches,
and coupled in bolls, and after they had bene prisoners 3 or 4 dayes, there was a Spanish
Ensignc bearer in the ship that had a brother slaine in the Fleet that came Air England, who
as then minding to reuenge his death, and withall to shew his manhood on the English cap-
tiues that were in the English ship, which they had taken, as is aforesayd, tooke a poiniard
in his hand and went downe vnder the hatches, where finding the puore Englishmen sitting
in boltcs, with the same poiniard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart : which two others of
them percei;iing, clasped each other about the middle, because they would not be murthered
bv him, & threw theraselues into the sea and there were drowned. This acle was of all the
Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken, so that they caricd the Spaniard prisoner vnto
Lisbon, where being arriued, the king of Spaine willed he shocld be sent into England, that
the Queenc of Engbnd might vse him as she thought good : which sentence his friends by
intreatic got to be reuerscd, notwithstanding he commanded he should without all fauour he
beheaded : but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going to masse, .ill the captaines and Com-
manders made so great intrcaty for him, that in the end they got his pardon. This 1 thoui;ht
good to note, that men might vnderstand the bloody & dishonest inindji of the Spaniards
when they haue men vnder their subiection.

The same two English ships which Iblowed the Spanish Adinirall till he had got the Fort of
Tercera, as I sayd before, put into the sea, where thev met with another S|>anish ship being
of the same Fleei, '.hat had likewise bene srattrcd by the storme and was onely missing, for
the rest lay in the road. This small ship the Englishmen tooke, and lentall the men on .shore,
not hurting any of them: but if they hud knowen what had bt-ne done vnto the forosayd En-
glish captiucs, I beleeue ihcy would soonc haue reuengcd themselucs, as afterward many ;in
innocent soule paied for it. This ship thus taken by the Englishmen, was the same that w.i«
taken and contiscated in the Hand of Tercera by the Ivnnlishinen that got out of the Hand in
a fisher boat (as I said before) and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then came from llie
Indies, wherewith they sayled to S. I.ucar, where it was also arrested by the duke, and ap-
pointed to go in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera, because it was a ship (hat sailed well,
but among the Spaniards Fleet it was the meanest of the company. By this means it was
taken from the Spaniards and caried into Knghmd, and the owners had it againe when they
least thought of it.

rhe 19 of \tarch the aforetayd ships being 19 in number, set saile, hauing laden the kings

siluer.

Spanish Barba^itie.

Spanish ships taken.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

679

mhaet, and recciued in Alunro Florcs de Quiniones, with his company and good preuision of
nec c wa ric a^ munition and souldiers that were Tully resolued (as they made .shew) to fight va-
liantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches : and although they set
their course for S. Lucar, the wind draue them vnto Lisbon, which (as it seemed) was willing
by his force to helpc them, and to bring them thither in safetie, although Aluaro de Flores,
both against the wind and weather would perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucar, but being con-
strained by the wind and importunitie of the sailers that protested they would require their
losses and damages of him, h<? was content to saile to Lisbon : from whence the silucr was by
land caricd vnto Siuil. At Cape S. Vincent there lay a Fleet of SO Engliah ships to watrn
for the Armada, so that if they hud put into S. Lucar, they had falls right into their hands,
which if the wind had serucd thry had done. And therefore they may say that the wind hath
lent them a happy voiage : for if the Englishmen had met with them, they had surely bene
in great danger, and possibly but few of them had escaped, by reason of the feare where-
with they were possessed, because fortune or rather God was wholy against them : which is a
tufficiet cause to make the Spaniards out of heart. Hi to the contrary to glue the Englishmen
more courage, and to make them boltler for that they are victorious, stout and valiant : and
seeing all their enterprises do take so good effect, that thereby they are become lords and mas-
ters of the •iea, and need care for no man, as it wel appeareth by this briefe discourse.

The 7 of August 1590. a nauie of English ships was seen before Terccra, being 20 in
number, and 5 of them the Queencs ships : their Generall was one Martin Frobishcr, as wc
after had intelligence. They came purpasely to watch for the Fleet of the Spanish Indies,
and for the Indian ships, and the ships of the countreys in the West : which put the Handera
in great feare, specially tiiose of Fayal, for that the Englishmen sent a trumpet to the Go-
uemour to aske certaine wine, flesh, and other victuals for their money and good friendship.
They of Fayal did not onely refuse to giue eare vnto them, but with a shot killed their mes-
senger or (rumpotcr : which the Englishmen tooke in euill part, sending them word that they
were best to lookc to themselues and stand vpon their guard, for they ment to come and
visite them whether they would or no. The Gouernour made them answere, that he wag
there in the behalfe of his maiestic of Spaine, and that he would doe his best to keepe them
out, as he was bound : but nothing was done, although they of Fayal were in no litle feare,
sending to Tercera for ai<le, from whence they had certaine barkes with pouder and munition
for warre, with some bisKet and other necessary prouision.

The 30 of August we recciued very certaine newes out of Portugal, that there were 80
ships put out of the Groine la'len with victuals, munition, money and souldiours, to goe for
Brilaine to aide the Catholiques and Leaguers of France against the king of Nauarre. At
the same time ••"o Nctherland hulkes comming out of Portugall to Tercera being halfe the
Seas ouer, met with 4 of the Queenes ships, their Generall being sir lohn Hawkins, that staled
thcin, but let them go againe without doing them any harme. The Netherlander) reported,
that each of the Queenes sliips had 80 pieces of Ordinance, and that captaine Drake lay with
40 ships in the English chaneil watching for the armie of the Groine : and likewise that there
lay at the Cape S. Vincent ten other English ships, that if any ships escaped from the Hands,
they miuht tnkc them. These tidings put the llanders in great feare, least if they failed of
the Spanish fleeic and got nothing by them, that then they would fall vpon the Hands, because
they would not rctunic cmptic home, whereupon they held streit watch, sending aduise vnto
the king wliat newes they heard.

The first of September there came to the Hand of S. Michael a Portugall ship out of the
haucn of I'hernambuck in Brasilp, whiili brought newes that the Admirall of the Portugall
Fleet that came from India, haning mi.ssed the Hand of S. Helena, was of necessitie con-
strained ti' put into Phcr;iambiick, although the king had expresly vndir a great penaltic
forbidilen him so to doe, ijecause of the wormes that there doe spoile the ships. The same
shippe wherein Birnanlin Ribero was Admirall the yeere before 1589. sailed out of Lisbon
into the Indies, with a ships in her company, whereof but 4 got into India, the 5 was neucr
heard of, so that it was thought to be cast away : the other foure returned safe againe into

Portugall.

j([:

i I

I- -im .

ki ml

<80

threat hnuock
of 8ptn lards.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATION8,

Spanlih ahipa taketi.

Portuga)1, though (he Admiral was much spoiled, because he met with two Engliiih ships that
fought long with him, and slew many of his men, but yet he escaped from them.

The b of the same moneth there arriued in Tercera a carauel of the Hand of Coruo, & brought
with her 50 men that had bin spoiled by the Englishmen who had set them on shore in the
Iland of Coruo. being taken out of a ship that came from the Spanish Indies, they brought
tidings that the Englishmen had taken 4 more of the Indian ships, & a carauel with the king
of Spaines letters of aduise for the shipa comming out of the Portugal Indies, 8c that with
those which they had take, they were at the least 40 English ships together, so ^ not one
bark escaped them, but fel into their hands, 8c that therefore the Pnrtugall ships comming
out of India dunt not put into the Hands, but tooke their course vndcr 40 & 4!i dcgrecii, and
ftu thence sailed to Lisbon, shunning likewise the cape S. Vincent, otherwise they could not
haue had a pros|ierous iourney of it, for that as then the sea was ful of Englibh ships. Where-
upon the king aiduised the fleote lying in Hauana in f Spanish Indies ready to come forSpaine,
that they should stay there all that yeere till the next yeere, because of the great danger they
might (al into by y Englishmen, which was no »mal charge, & hindcrance to the fleet, for
that the ships that lie there do consume thcmselues, and in a maner eat vp one another, by
reason of the great nQber of people, together with the scarcitie of ul things, so that nuny
ships chose rather one by one to aducnture theselueii alone to get home, then to stay thi-re.
all which fell into the Englishmens hands, wherof diueis of the men were brought intu
Tercer^, for that a whole day we could see nothing els, but spoiled men set on shore, some
out of one ship, some out of another, that pitie it was to see all of them cursing the En-
glishmen & their owne fortunes, with those that had bene the causes to prouoke the En-
glishmen to fightj and complaining of the suull remedie and order taken therein by the king
of Sjpaines officers.

The 19 of the same moneth there came to Tercera a Carauel of Lisbon, with one of thr
tkings officers, to cause the goods that were s.iued out of the ship which came from Malacca
(for f which we staled there) to bq bden and sent (o Lisbon. And at tlie same time there
put out of the Groine one Don Alnnso de Ba^an, with 40 great ships of warre to come vnio
the Hands, there to watch for the fleet of the Spanish & Portugall Indies, and the goods of
the Malacca ship being laden, they were to conuoy the all together into ihc riuer of Lisbon
but being certaine duics at sea, alwaies hauir.g a contrary wind, they cuuld not get vnto the
Hands, onely two of them that were scatt/ed fr(jm the fleet, arriued at Tercera, and not
finding the fleet, they presently returned to sceke them : in the mcunc time the king changed
his mind, & caused the fleet to stay in India, as I said before : and therefore hee sent wordr
vnto Don Alonso de Bassan, that hee should returne againe to the (iroine, which he presently
did (without doing any thing, nor once approching nccr the Hands, sauing onely the iwn
foresayd ships, for he well knew that the Englishmen lay by the Iland of Coruo, but he would
not visit (hem : and so he returned to the haucu the Groine, whereby our goods that rumr
from Malacca were yet to ship, and trussed vp againe, and forced to stay a more fortun.itc
time with patience perforce.

The 23 of October there arriued in Tercera a Carauel with aduise out of Portugall, that
of 5 ships which in the yere 159f) were laden in Lisbon for the Indies, 4 of them were iiirned
againe to Portin. After they had bene 4 monetlis abroad, & that the Admimli, wherein thf
viceroy called Mathias d'Albukerk sailed, had onely gotten to India, as .-iftcrward newes
thereof was brought ouer-land, hauing bin at the least II monclhs at sea Sc ncucr saw land,
and came in great misery^ to Malacca. In this ship there died by the way 280 men, accord-
ing to a note by himselfe made, and sent to the Cardinal at Lisbon, with the names & sur-
names of euery man, together with a description of his voiage, & the misery they bad en-
dured, which was onely done, because he would nut hwc the goncrnmoni of India : and for
that cause he had sworne either to lose his life, or to .irriue in Indi:i, as in deed he did after-
wards, but to the great danger, losse and hinderancc of his compaiiie, that were forced to
buy it with their lines, & onely for want of prnuision, m it may .tef be thought : for he knew
full well that if he had returned backe .igaine into Portugal as the other ships did, he should

« haiif

Sfxmiih ihlpa takai.

Spanish ships taken. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

haiie bin cassiered from his Indian regiment, because the people began alrcudy to murmure
at him for his proud & lofty mind. And amojr other things that shewed his pride the more,
behind ahoue the gallery of his ship he caused Fortune to be painted, & his own picture \V
a staflTe standing by her, as it were threatning Fortune, with this posie, Quero que vencas,
that is, I wil haue thee to ouercome : which being rc:ul by the Cardinal & other gentlemen
(that to honor him brought him aboord his ship) it was thought to be a point of exceeding
folly; but it is no strange matter among the Portugals: for they aboue all others must of
force let the foole pecpe out of their sleeues, specially when they »re in authorilie, for that
I knew the said Mathias d'Albukerk in India, being a souldicr and a captaine, where he was
esteemed and accounted for one of the best of them, & much honoured, and bcloucd of all
men, as bchauing himsc-lfc curteously to euery man, whereby they all desired that he might
be Viceroy. But when he once had receiued his patent with full power & nuthoritie from
the king 'o be Viceroy, he changed so much from his former behauior, that by reason of his
pride, they all began to fearc and curse him, and that before hec departed out of Lisbon, as
it is often scene in many men that arc aduanced vnto state and dignitic.

The -20 of lanunrie 1591. there was newes brought out of Portugall into Tercera, that the
Englishmen had take a ship that the king had sent into the Portugal-Indies, \V adui.se to the
Viceroy for the returning againc of the 4 ships that should haue gone to India, & because
the ships were come backe agaiiie, that ship was stuffed and laded as full of goods as possible
it might be, hauing likewise in rcadv money 500 thousand duckets in roials of S, besides
other wares. It departed from Lisbon in the mopeth of Nouember 1590. & met with the
Englishmen, with who for a time it fought, but in the end it was taken and caricd into En-
gland with men & all, yet when they came there, the men were set at libertie, and returned
info Li-l)on, where the captaine was committed prisoner; but he excused himselfe and was
released, with whom I spake my selfe, & he made this report vnto me. At the same time
also they ti- -ke a ship that came fnmi the Mine lade with gold, & 2 ships laden with pepper
& spites that were to saile into Italy, the pepper onely that was in them, being worth HO
thousand duckets: all these ships were caried into England, 8c made good prise.

In the moneth of luly 1591. there hapned an earthquake in the Hand of S. Michael, which
continued fro the 'i*i of luly, to the 12 of August, in which time no man durst stay witiiin
his house but (led into the lields, fasting & jjiaying with gre.-.t sorow, for that many of their
houses fel down, and a towne called Villa Franca, was almost cleane razed to the groiuid, all
the cloisters & houses shaken to the eartli, and therein some people slaine. The land in
some places rose v|), and the clifls remooucd from one place to another, and some hils were
defaced and made cuen with the ground. The earthquake was so strong, that the ships which
lay in the road and or he sea, shakcd as if the world would haue turned round : there sprang
also a foinilainc out of the earth, from whence for the space of 4 daie.s, there flowed a most
clearc water, & after that it ceased. .\t tlie same time they heard such thunder & noise vnder
the earth, as if all the dciiils in hell had bin assembled together in that place, wherewith
many died for feare. The Hand of Tcrreni sliooke 4 times together, so that it seemed to
tiirne about, but there hajjued no misfurtunc vnto i(. Earthquakes are common in those
Hands, for about 20 vcres past there hapned another eartiiqiiake, wherein a high hill that li-
cth by the same towne of Villa Fraiua, fell halfe downe, i*ic couered all the towne with earth,
and killed many men. fhe '^5 (>f .\ugii-t the kings Armada comming out of Ferol arriued
in Tercera being in ail .'iO ships, Hiskaines, I'ortugals and Spaniards, and 10 Dutch (lieboats
that were arrested in Lisbon toseruc the king, besides other small ships & pataxos, that came
to serue as mcsseiiirers from place to place, and to discouer the seas. This nauie came to
stay for, and coinicy the ships that should come from the Spanish Indies, and the flieboalsi
were appointed in ilieir returne home, to take in the goods that were saued in the lost ship
that came from Malacca, and to conuoy them to Lisbon.

The l.'J of September the said Armada arriued at the Hand of Coruo, where the English-
men with about l(> ships as then lay, slaying for the Spanish fleet, whereof some or the most
part were come, and there the English were in goiul hope to haue taken them. But whe they

vol.. II. 4 S pcrcciucd

681

682

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Sir Rich. Greenuil.

• 1 !•

ijl

i 1

H:l

Tri' '''li/il'j!'*

perrciucd ihe kings army to be strong, the Admiral being the ford Thomas Howard, com-
manded his Fleet not to fa! vpon them, nor any of them once to separate their ships from
him, vnlesse he gaue commission bo to do : notwithstanding the viceadmirall sir Richard
Greenuil being in the ship called the Reuengc, went into the Spanish fleet, and shot among
them doing them great hurt, & thinking the rest of the company would haue folowed, which
they did not, but left him there, & sailed away : the cause why could not be knowe. Which
the Spaniards perceiuing, with 7 or 8 ships they boorded her, but she withstot>d ihcm all,
fighting with them at the least ISJ hoiires together and sunke two of them, one being a new
double Flieboat of 600 tunncs, and Admiral of the Flieboafs, the other a Biscain : but in
the end by reason of the number that came vpon her, she was taken, but to their great Inssc:
for they had lost in fighting and by drowning aboue 400 men, and of the English were slaine
about 100, Sir Richard Greenuil himselfe being wounded in his braine, whereof afterwards
he died. He was caried into the ship called S. Paul, wherein was the Admirall of the (lect
Don Aloiiso de Ba(;an : there his wounds were drest by the Spanish surgeons, but Don Alonso
himselfe would neither see him nor speake with him: all the rest of the captaines and gen-
tlemen went to visite him, and to comfort him in his hard fortune, wondering at his courage and
stout heart, for y he shewed not any signc of faintnes nor changing of colour ; but fi'elin;>;
the houre of death to approch, he spake thetie words in Spanish, and said : Here die I Rich-
ard Greenuil with a ioyfiil & quiet mind, for that I haue ended my life as a true souldicr
ought to do, that hath fought for his rountrey, Quecne, religion and honor, whereby my
soule most ioyfull dcparteth out of this body, & shal alwayes leauc behind it an euerla'^ting
fame of a valiant ik true souldier that hath done his dutie as he was bound to doe. When
he had fini.shed these or such other like words, he gaue vp the Ghost, with great & stout
courage, & no man could perceiue any true signe of heaiiines in him.

This sir Rich Greenuil was a great and a rich gentleman in England, & had great ycercly
reuenues of his owne inheritance, but he was a man very vnquiet in his mind, and greatly
nflectcd to war; insomuch as of his owne priuatc motion he ollrcd his seruiccto fhcQucene:
he had performed many valiant acts, and was greatly feared in these Hands, and knowen of
euery man, but of nature very scucre, so that his owne people hated him for his (iercencsse,
& spake very hartlly of him : for when they first entred into the fleet or Armada, they had
their great saile in a readinesse, and might possibly enough haue sailed away, for it was one
of the best ships for saile in England, and the master perceiuing that the other ships had
left them, & folowed not after, commanded the great saile to be cut that they might make
away : but sir Rich. Greenuil threatned both him & al the rest that were in the .ship, jr if any
mS laid hand vpon it, he would cause him to be hanged, and so by that occasion they were
compelled to fight & in the end were taken. He was of so hard a cOplexion, that as he con-
tinued among the Spanish captains while thev were at dinner or supper with him, he would
carouse 3 or 4 glasses of wine, and in a brauerie take the glasses bctweenc his teeth and
crash them in pieces & swalow them downe, so that ofientimes the blood ran out of his
mouth without any harme at all vnto him: & this was told me by diucrs credible persons that
many times stood and beheld him. The Englishmen that were left in the ship, as the caj)-
taine of the souldiers, the master and others were dispersed into diners of the Spanish ships
that had taken them, where there had almost a new fight arisen between the Biscains and the
Portugals : while each of them would haue the honour to haue first boonlod her, so that there
grew a great noise and quarel among them, one taking the chiefe ensigne, and the other the
tlag, and the captaine and euery one held his owne. The ships that had boorded her were
altogether out of order, and broken, and many of their men hurt, whereby they were com-
pelled to come into the Island of Tcrcera, there to rcpaire thfselues : where being arriued,
I and my chamber-felow, to heare some newes, went aboonl one of the ships being a great
Hiscain, and one of the iVi Apostles, whose captaine was c.illed Bartandono, thnt ha<l bin Ge-
neral of the Biscains in the fleet that went for England. He seeing vs called vs vp into the
gallery, where with great curtesic he receitu'd vs, being as then set at dinner with the En-
glish captaine that sate by him, and had on a sute of blacke veluet, but he could not tell vs
any thing, for that lie could speake no other language but Lnglish and Latine, which H;ir-

taiidano

Sir Rich. Greenuil.

1 Thomas Howard, com-
eparate their ships from
viceadmirall sir Richard
sh fleet, and shot among
)iild haue folowed, which
lid not be knowe. Which
I she withstood them all,
them, one being a new
c other a Biscain : but in
I, but to their great Inssc:
of the English were slaine
raine, whereof aflcrwanU
» the Admirall of the llect
surgeons, but Don Alonso
of the capfaines and gin-
)ndering at his courage and
„g of colour ; but Iceling
and said: Here die 1 Huh-
l my life as a true souUlicr
n and honor, whereby my
lue behind it an cuerla-^tuig
was bound to doe. When
Ghost, with great & stout

I him. ,

gland. & had great yecrc y
ct in his mind, and greatly
i\ his scniicc to ihc Queenct
these Hands, and knowcn of
lated him for his (icrcenesse.
le fleet or Armada, they had
; sailed awav, for it was one
ng that the" other ships had
)C cut that they might make
liat weroin the ship. J if any
o bv that occasion they were
a cOplexion. that as he ron-
r sujipcr with him, he would
^sc-. bctwernc his teeth and
cs the bUxnl ran out of his
V diucrs credible persons that
■ left in the ship, as the cap-
o diucrs of the Spanish shijw
l,eiNvccn the Biscains and the
irst boonlod her, so that there
Me cnsigne, and the other the
ps that had boordcd her were
lurt, whereby they were com-
eselucs : where being arnucd,
,„e of the ships being a great

Bartandono, that had bin Ge-
*ceiiig vs called vs vp into the
en set at dinner with the En-
eluet. but he could not tell vs
nulish and Latinc, which Bar-

" taiidano

Sir Rich. Greenuil.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

tandano also could a litlc speake. The English caplainc got licence of the gouernour that
he might come on land with his weapon by his side, and was in our lodging with the En-
glishman that was kept prisoner in the Hand, being of that ship whereof the sailers got away,
as I said before. The gouernour of Terccra bade him to dinner, and shewed him great cur-
tcsie. The master likewise with licence of Bartandono came 'on land and was in our lodg-
ing, and had at the least 10 or 12 wounds, as well in his head as on his body, whereof after
that being at sea between Lisbon & the Hands he died. The captaine wrote a letter, where-
in he declared all Ihc maner of the fight, and left it with the English marchant that lay in
our lodging, to send it to the lord Admiral of England. This English captaine comming vn-
to Lisbon, was there wel rece. .«..i and not any hurt done vnto him, but with good conuoy
sent tu Setuual, and from thence sailed into England with all the rest of the Englishmen that
were taken prisoners.

The Spanish armie staled at the Hand of Coruo til the last of September, to assemble the
rest of the fleet together, which in the cnde were to the number of 140 sailes of ships partly
comming from India, and partly of the army, and being altogether readie to saile to Terce-
ra in good company, there suddenly rose so hard & cruell a sforme, that those of the Hands
did aflirme, that in mans mcmoric there was neucr any such seen or heard ofT before : for it
seemed the sea would haue swalowcd vp the Hands, the water mounting higher then the
cliflTs, which arc so high that it amascth a man to behold them : but the sea reached aboue
them, and lining fishes were throwen vpon the land. This storme continued not only a day
or two with one wind, but 7 or H daves continually, the wind turninj; round about in al places
of the compasso, at the lest twisc or thrise during that time, and all alike, with a continual!
storme and tempest most terrible to behold, cuen to vs that were on shore, much more then
to such as were at sea : so that onely on the coasts and cliftes of the Hand of Tercera, there
were aboue 12 ships castaway, and not onely vpon the one side, but round about it in euery
corner, whcrby nothing els was heard but complaining, crying, lamenting & telling, here
is a ship broken In pieces against the clilVcs, and there another, and all the men drowned: so
that for the space of 'iO dryes after the storme. they did nothing els but fish for dead men
that continually came drii. ng on the shore. Among the rest was the English ship called the Thtwricktof
Reuenge, that was cast away vpon a cliffe ncere to the Hand of Tercera, where it brake in ' ""'V'
an hundred pieces &: sunke to the ground, hauing in her 70 men Galegos, Biscains, and
others, with some of the capliue Englishmen, whereof but one was saued that got vp vpon
the elides aliue, and h.id his body and head all wounded, and he beiUj, on shore brought vs
the newes desiring to be shriuen. & thereupon j)rcsently died. The Reuenge had in her
diuers faire brasse pieces that were all sunke in y sea, which they of the Hand were in good
hope to waigh vp aj^aine the next Sommer after. Among these ships that were cast away
about Tercera, was likewise a Flie-boai, one of those that had bin arrested in Portugall to
serue the king, called the white Done, the master of her was one Cornelius Martenson of
Schiedam in Holland, and there were in her 100 souldiers, as in cuery one of the rest there
were. He being ouer-ruled by the captaine that he could not be master of his owne, savling
here and there at the mercy of God, as the storme droue him, in the end came within the sight
of the Hand of rcrcer.i, which the Spaniards percciuing thought all their safetie onely to con-
sist in putting into the road, compelling the Master and the Pilot to make towards the Hand,
although the master refused to doe it, saying, that they were most sure there to be cast away
and vtterly spoyled : but the captaine called him drunkard and Heretique, and striking him
with a stalic-, commaunded him to doe as he would haue him. The Master seeing this and be-
ing compelled to doe it, sayd ; well then mv Masters, seeing that it is the desire of you all to
bee cast away, 1 can but lose one life, and therewith desperately he saylcd towards the shore,
and was on tliatside of the llaiul, where there was nothingels but hard stones and rocks,as high
as mountaines, njost terrible to bcholde, where some of the inhabitants stood with long ropes
and corke bound at the ende thereof, to throw them downe, vnto the men, that they might lay
holde vpon them and saue their lines: but few of them got so necre, most of them being cast
away, and smitten in pieces before they could get to the wall. The ship sailing in this maner
(as I sayd before) towards the Hand, and approching to the shore, the master being an olde

man,

kiL^:'

-1^' -v^

684

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. &c.

Spanish shipwracke.

»1 fc

man, and Full of yecres, called his sonnrthat was in the ship with him, and iiauing imbraccd
one another, and taken their last farewell, the good olde Tather willed his sonnc not to take
care for him, but seeke to sauc himsclFc; for (sayd he) sonnc thou art yong, & maycst
haue some hope to saue thy life, but as for me it is no great matter (I am o«e) what become
of me, and therewith ech of these shedding many tcarcs, as cucry louing father and kinde
childc may well consider, the ship fell vpon the cliircs, and brake in pieces, the f«ther on
the one side, the soinie on the other side falling into the sea, cch laying holde vpon that
which came next to hand, but to no purpose; for the sea was so high and furious, that they
were all drowned, and onely fourctcenc or liftcene saucd ihcmselues by swimming, with
their legs and armes halfc broken and out of ioynt, among wiiich was the Masters sonne, and
foure other Dutch boyes : the rest of the Sjianiards and Sailers, with the Captaine and \faster,
were drowned. Whose heart would not melt with tearcs to bclioldc so gricuous a sight, spe-
cially considering with himselfc that the greatest cause thereof was the beastliness and inso-
< lency of the Spaniards, as in this onely example may well be scene ? Whereby may be con-

sidered how the other shippes sped, a» we ourselues did in part beholde, and by the men
that were saued did heare more at large, as also some others of our cuuntreymen that as then
were in the like danger can well wilnesse.

On the other Hands the losse was no lessc then in Terccra : for on the Hand of Saint George
there were two ships cast away: on the Hand of Pico two ships: on the Hand of Gratiosa
three ships: and besides those there came cucry where roundabout diuers pieces of broken
ships, and other things ticcting towards the Hands, wherewith the sea was all couered most
pitifull to beholde. On the Hand of S. Michael there were foure ships cast away, and be-
tweene Terccra and S. Mii liael three more were sunke, which were scene and heard to cry
out ; whereof not one man was saued. Tnc rest put into the sea without masts, all tome and
Abounoo rent : so that of the whole fleet and armada, being 140 sliips in all, there were but 32 or JJ
^^ ji'lh'"'"'"'" ^'■'■'"'^'' '" Spaine and Fortugall, yea, and those few with so great misery, painc and labour,
dtowntd. that not two of them arriued there together, but this day one, and to morrow another, next

day the thini, and so one after the other to the number afore>ayd. All the rest were cast
awav vpon the Hands, and oucrwhelnied in the Sea, whereby may be considered what great
lo.sse and himlranrc they rcceiued at that time : for by many mens iudgemenis it was esteem-
ed to be much more then was lost by their army that came for Kngland: and it may well
* be th(>ught, and presumed, that it was no oilier but a iust plague purposely sent by (iod

vpon the Spaniards, and that it might Iruely be sayd, the taking of the Rcucnge was iustly
reuenged vpon them, and not by the migiit or Hircc of man, but by the power of God, as
some of them openly sayd in the He of Terrera, that they bcleeued verily God would con-
sume them, and that he tooke part with the Lutherans and hcretiks: saying further that so
.soone as they had throwrn the dead body of liie Viceadnurall Sir Hichard Greenfield ouerboord,
they verily thought that as he had a diucllisli failh and religion, and therefore the diucis
loucd him, so he presently sunke into the holtomc of the sea, and downc into hell, where
he rai.-icd vp all the diucis to the rcucnge of hisdcalh: and that they brought so great stormcs
and torments vpon the Spaniards, i)c('au^e they oiicly maintained the Caiholikc & Uomish re-
ligion. Such and the like blasphemies ag,iin:.| (ioil, they ceased not openly to vtier, without
being reprooiied of any man therein, nor for iheir false opinions: but the most part of ihcm
rather sayd and affirmed, that of truelli it must needs be so.

As one of tiiosc Indian (Iccis put out of Nona Spagna, there were .'{5 of them by stornic
and tempest cast away and dro\vricd in the Sea, being 50 in all; so that but 15 escaped.
Of the fleet that came from Santo Domingo there were 14 cast away, comming out of the
chanell of Ilauana, whereof the .\dmirall and Viceadmirall were two of them: and from
Terra Firma in India there came two ships laden with golde and siluer, that were taken by
the Englishmen: and before the Spanish army came to Coruo, the Ivnglishmen at times had
taken at the least 20 ships, that came from S. Domingo, India, Brasilia, &c. and were all scut
into England.

END OF VOL. II.

U. Wuoorjtii., Printer, pMctni»icr-taw, LodiIou. ■ »

Spanish sMpwrdcke,

Jliim, and hauing imbraccd
■led his Sonne not to take
Ihou art yon^, & maycst
' (I am oHe) what become
ry luuin;^ father and kinde
Lc in iiicces the fMher on
rh laying holdc vpon that
kigh and furious, that thcv
sclucs by swimming, with
Ivas the Masters sonnc, and
jlh the Captainc and \faster,
Idc so gricuoiis a sight, spc-
las the bcastlincsij and inso-
pne ? Whereby may be con-
jt bcholde, and by the mm
liir cuuiitrcymen that as then

on the Hand of Saint George
ps: on the Hand of GratioAa
bout diuers pieces of broken
he sea was all couercti most
ure ships cast away, and be-
werc seene and heard to try
;i without masts, ail tome and
all, there were but :i2 or 33
■eat misery, painc and labour,
ind to morrow another, next
•>ayd. All the rest were cast
n)ay be considered what great
ens iudgemcntB it was csfeem-
for Kngland: and it may well
jiague purposely sent by (iod
ng of the Rcuenge was iustly
but by the power of God, as
icleeued verily God would con-
crrliks: saying further that so
r Richard Greenfield ouerbooni,
igion, and therefore the diiicls
a, and downc into hell, where
it they brought so great stormcs
I'd the Cathojikc & Romish re-
ed not openly to vtlcr, without
His; but the most part of them

re were '3~t of them by stormc
1 all; so that but IT* escaped,
ast away, comming out of the
were two of them: and from
and siluer, that were taken by
), the Knglishmen at times had
1, 13rasiiia> &c. and were all saut

«;

■\ • .