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1 2 3

SAO H<4o,o

CAMPOBELLO

■'Ml

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH

KATE GANNETT WELLS

t . if "

f.''.

The EDITH and LORNE PIERCE
COLLECTION of CANADI ANA

^een's University at Kingston

CAMPOBELLO

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH

KATE GANNETT WELLS

Fo
" Story
and its
William
To him,
few of

For those who are desirous of exact knowledge concerning the
"Story of the Boundary Line," and the political history of Eastport
and its vicinity, there is no more comprehensive work than that by
William Henry Kilby, Esq., entitled, - Eastport and Passamaquoddy."
To him, and also to two friends who kindly gave me the names of a
few of the Island flowers, do I express my gratitude.

-^ Canjpobello.

kpHE mysterious charms of ancestry and yellow parchment, of petitions
I -^ to the admiralty and royal grants of land, of wild scenery and feudal
loyalty, of rough living and knightly etiquette, have long clustered
round a little island off the coast of Maine, called on the charts Passa-
maquoddy Outer Island, but better known under the more pleasin- name
[of Campobello. ^

Its Discovery. It belongs to the region first discovered by the
,1'rench, who, under Sieur De Monts, in the spring of 1604, sailed along
the shores of Nova Scotia, and gave the name of Isle of Margos (mag-
pies) to the four perilous isla .ds now called The W olves ; beheld Manthane
(now Grand Manan); sailed up the St. Croix; and established themselves
on one of its islands, which they called the Isle of St. Croix. The severity
of the winter drove them in the following summer to Annapolis, and for
more than a hundred and fifty years little was known of this part of the
[country, though the River St. Croix first formed the boundary between
' Acadia and New England, and later the boundary between the Provinces
I of Nova Scotia and Massachusetts Bay.

Campobello itself could scarcely be said to have a history till towards
the end of the eighteenth century. Moose roamed over the swamps and
! looked down from the bold headlands ; Indians crossed from the mainland
and shot them ; straggling Frenchmen, dressing in skins, built huts aLng
the northern and southern shores, till civilization dawned through the
squatter sovereignty of two men, Hunt and Flagg. They planted the
apple trees whose gnarled branches still remain to tell of the winter storms
that howled across the plains, and converted the moose-yards into a fir Id
1 of oats, for the wary, frightened animals vacated their hereditary land in
tavor of these usurpers. Their mercantile skill taught them how to use

for purposes of trade rather than for private consumption, the shoals of I
hsh which It was firmly believed Providence sent into the bay.

Post Office. There were not enough inhabitants to justify the main-
enance of a post office till 1795 ; then the mails came once in two weeks I
Lewis Frederic Delesdernier was the resonant, high sounding name of the
first postmaster who lived at Flagg's Point (the Narrows). But when a
post office was opened in Eastport, in ,805, this little Island one was
abandoned, or rather it dwindled out of existence before the larger one
established by Admiral Owen at Welsh I'ool.

Welsh Pool. The Narrows, because of its close proximity to the
mainland, was a favorite place of abode in those early days Yet Friir's
Bay, two miles to the north, was a safe place for boats in easterly storms
and thus, before the advent of the Owens, a hamlet had clustered around
what IS now called Welsh Pool. A Mr. Curry was the pioneer. The
house opposite the upper entrance to the Owen ^ main was called Cum
House until it became "the parsonage," a name abandoned when thr
present rectory was built. Curry traded with the West Indies, and owned
It is said, two brigs and a bark.

People also gathered at the upper end of the Island, Wilson's Beach
and on the road between Sarawac and Conroy's Bridge, where there were
several log houses.

Qarrlson's Grandparents. That some kind of a magistrate or
minister even then was on the Island is attested by the fact that Willia.
Lloyd Garrison's grandparents, Andrew Lloyd and Mary Lawless, chanced
to come to Nova Scotia on the same ship from Ireland, and were married
to each other "the day after they had landed at Campobello, March 30,
177 1. Lloyd became a commissioned pilot at Quoddy, and died in 1813,
His wife was the first person buried in Deer Island. Their daughter
Panny was Garrison's mother.

Many of the early inhabitants were Tories from New York Some
were of Scotch origin, especially those who lived on the North Road

Captain Storrow. Among these settlers was a young British offi-
cer. Captain Thomas Storrow, who, while he was prisoner of war fell in

Ilove with Ann Appleton, a young girl of Portsmouth, N.H. In vain did
Iher family object, ♦♦ British officers being less popular then than now ; but
lyoung love prevailed," and the marriage, which took place in 1777, "was
la happy one." Captain Storrow took his bride to England ; but after a
jwhile sailed for Halifax, where they remained ** nearly two years." In
J 1 785 they went to St. Andrews. Through the courtesy of their grandson,
Icolonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, the following extract is given from
a manuscript sketch of the life of Mrs. Storrow, prepared by her niece,
I Mrs. Norman Williams: —

False Sale. '«Soon after this (1785) they removed to Campobello,

I which had been purchased by Mr. Butler and Captain Storrow. There

were two houses on the Island, one for each family, and here they lived

very happily and pleasantly. There was always a garrison at St. Andrews,

and a ship of war stationed near Campobello; so Captain Storrow had

congenial society, and they had many pleasant lady friends, and, as their

hospitality was unbounded, they were seldom without company at one or

the other of the houses. . . . All was bright and prosperous. Uut a

change came. In 1790 or 1791 the Butlers and Captain Storrow had

gone to Halifax on business, and Mrs. Storrow was left alone with her

children on the Island, when a notice was served to her that she must

I quit the Island immediately, as it had been sold to them under a false

I title, and the real owner had come to take possession. The Island had

I been granted by William Fitt to his former tutor, David Owen, a hard

man who would not move from the position he had taken. Mrs. Storrow

sent to my father, who was her husband's lawyer, and he, with some other

I gentlemen, chartered a sloop and brought the family to St. Andrews, where

I a house was already prepared for them. Here they remained a year or

more. But Capt. Storrow's finances were so crippled by the loss of

Campobello that he and his family sailed for Jamaica, where he had a

small estate."

William Owen. David Owen, to whom this manuscript referred,
was a cousm of William Owen, through whom the Island became con-
nected by royal gift and by romance with the fortunes cf his immediate

descendants. As naval officer William Owen bad been "in all the service
and ente prise where ships, boats, and seamen were employed," had la-
bored at Bengal for the re-estabiishment of the affairs of the East India
Company, and had fought under Clive. At the blockade of Pondicherry
he lost his right arm, and the Sunderland, to which he belonged, having
foundered, he was ordered to England. Bxoken in spirit and weak in
body, the copy of what was presumably his memorial to the Admiralty in
1 761 has a piteo'v^s sound. It begins : —

His Petition. " My Lord, permit me, with the most profound re-
spect, to lay by your Lordship a true State of my past service, with the
accidents that happened to me during the same, praying your Lordship
not to judge hard of me, in being reduced to the disagreeable necessity
of doing that myself which would appear in a much more favorable light
were any 01 my Friends in Town who could take the Liberty of Intro-
ducing me to your Lordship." After recounting the services he rendered,
and the injuri-is he rece'^ed, he ends with these words : " I beg you will
be pleased to represent to the Right Honorable the Lord;> of the Ad-
miralty that I am the person mentioned in Admiral Steuen's [the spelling
is illegible] Letter to have lost my Right Arm, wher I had the Honor of
Commanding one of the Divisions of Boats ordered by him to cut out the
Two French Ships, La Baline and Hermione, from under the Guns of
Pondicherry, on the 7 th of October last, and that I had been wounded
before in that country with a Musket Ball, which lodged in my Body
above three years and *ha!i. My long service in the East Indies, to-
gether with the Wounds I received, having greatly impaired my health,
lays me under a necessity to hi the more urgent with you on this occasion,
that I may the sooner go into the Country to endeavor to re-establish the
same, as well as to see my Friends, from whom I have been above nine
years ab'-ent. Let me, therefore, Sir, entreat you to move their Lordships
in my behalf, humbly praying that they will be pleased to direct some-
thing to be done for me, either by Gratuity, Pension, or Preferment, such
as their Lordships may deem me to deserve,"

»S0. After long atterll and ^ sXitlt" I " IT """^^
off with a pitiful Pension, with which f a™ g^^^^i^^VZ r '"'
try among my Relations for the remainder of Jr 1 ""

::^^r "Th '° ^-"'^ - '° °^"" -:L::^L""z'r:T:::'
r:e:id-waL\-;rsi\nt;-^^^^^^^^^^^ ■- n:

, and Regard which'l had " o ma ine strsteT^e "" "^f^'"
I the five years we Messed together," ''"" "' ''"""«

j This beseeching letter must have been eftectuil ■ for in .„
he d d receive not onlv th-,nU= , j enectual , tor m course of time

[and Flagg had ruled ' '"""'°" °* '"^ '-^'-" -»-" Hunt

Ito o„e;Co:en i'dl^'Z s tT^ 't '''" '""'' *™ "^ ^^-^
I;... .e Whole fsland mi^t t^^^.Te ^ :^ ^Z ^ ^

\o ml" olHZ', ,!:T''""'I' : ''^^ '"^ I^'-d was deeded
k„. Jr., wiri " ate , , ,'' ^"'"'' °™^^' ^^^^ ^"d "'""am

h p-a:a,Udro t iisT rr' <'° ^^r^'^"' ^■■^"s^'' '^^ "-«

he .onor'sname and .r ^ampobello, thus "punning on

|t was like XYdmirtt "'""'"'■ ''"' '"^"'^ "' "^^ "=""-' --^ry."

o.eandasut;tttt:bnL;:r-„::r""" '-"- -* »

-th'':oun'tr:LonTolTe "?" '"""^'"""^' ''™"^'" "^ ^-» '■•«
t-.agai„^n-:r:et.C---™^^

I !

<|!

David Owen. David Owen acted as agent for the grantees, and
was a veritable lord of the Island, always interested in protecting
the fisheries. His house, near the site of the cottage now owned by
James Roosevelt, Esq., had even more roof than the usual sloping,
barn-like home of former days. He built a rude church, read the
service, and preached. What matter if the sermon was oft repeated, or
now and then was original ! Could not he, though a layman, best tell
the needs of his congregation ? He played the fiddle for dances,
married the people, scolded them as a self-constituted judge, and kept
a journal of Island events in microscopic chirography. He was an
occasional correspondent of the " Eastport Sentinel " on matters of British
history and theological controversy. " He had a fine library of old books,
and was well versed in scholastic subjects," said Dr. Andrew Bigelow, the
first Unitarian minister of Eastport, who often visited him.

To " Hue and Cry." Once David Owen committed to the gaol in
St. Andrews a Frenchman, for "feloniously taking and carrying away
some fish from flakes at Campobello." As the offender went on his way
to gaol in his own vessel, he threw overboard the deputy sheriff who ac-
companied him, drew his dirk on the other man and compelled him to
follow, and then escaped himself with his own vessel. Therefore, Owen
advertised in the " Sentinel " of September 25, 18 19, " To all officers and
others to whom the execution hereof may belong ... to search for the
said Appleby [the Frenchman], and therefore to ' /lue and cry ' after him i
as the law directs." Signed " D. Owen, J.P."

When David died he left his share of the land to William Owen, Jr,
This younger Owen sold Campobello, which had now come into his sole j
possession, to William Fitz-Williaro, who, as the natural son of the Owen
of Pondicherry fame, could obtain possession only through purchase of |
his father's grant.

Primitive Life. Island life was still very primitive. The people
raised stock, and the creatures led on the wild grass and young hemlock,
But, as David had freely deeded the land to the settlers, the underbrush
was soon killed off and stock raising ceased. The Campobellians also

3roved no exception to the rule that agriculture is seldom a favorite occu-
pation with those who can support themselves by the precarious life of
ishermen, even if that has its perils.

Illness. Here, too, as everywhere in pioneer life, the women suffered
IS much as, if not more than, the men. When sickness came upon them
[they endured it patiently, with that kind of meek despair which looks upon
illness either as fate or as the will of the Lord. Fortunately for them, a
^oung girl, who had been born on the Island, became at sixteen a skilful
uirse. She was sought from far and near, and taken out at night when
she had to be blindfolded on account of the storms. The description of
3ne of her visits must be given in her own words, as she told it when she
[was eighty-four : —

The Indian's Squaw. "Once I and my husband were abed a

lowling night, and I heard a knock. Says I, 'Jim, I bet that's for me;

?et up and see.' And I sorter guessed it was a foreigner. And he came

Dack and says, ' P. (that's what he called me, short for Parker), it's an

Indian from down on the Narrows ; and he's been for the doctor, and he's

jdown at Robinson, and won't be fetched 'cause he's having a good time.'

So I got up and dressed and went down with him ; for the squaw's skin

vas as dear to her husband as a white woman's is to her, and her heart

lay be just as good to God. And when I got there I saw two squaws,

ind one was all in a heap ; and they made eyes at me, and I didn't know

Jvhether it meant murder or not, only I guessed not. And I says, ' Sister,

vhat is it > ' And she says, her husband tell her ' white doctor no come!

Vou white woman come and make his squaw live.' So I went to work.

Vnd when all was right, they wanted me to take a blanket and lie down ;

but I could no way make believe Indian, so I sits up till morning. Then

fhe Indian asked me what he should give me ; and I told him my gineral

J)rice was three dollars, but when folks was no better off than I, I turned

fn and asked nothin'. And he says, * We give five dollars if it's a girl,

and three dollars if it's a boy.' ' Well,' I says, ' sure enough it's a boy ' ;

md I come home. And next day he travels down here [to the Pool], and

^ays me better than man doctor, and wished he could give me twentv

dollars." ^

"ii'l

I'll!

Some sixty years aft;) this incident had occurred, when Mrs. Parket
was driven up to the Narrows where the squaw had lived, and pas: the
Tyn-Y-C:oed and cottages, that she might see the changes which time hadl
wrought, she exclaimed, " As the Bible says, now I can die in peace, for
mine eyes have seen the salvation, I will not say of the Lord, but ofl
Campobello."

The Admiral. The salvation, such as it was, came slowly; at first!
through Admiral William Fitz-William Owen. His life was curious and
pathetic, from the time when a boy five years old, an inmate of the ar-
tillery barracks, he replied, on being asked his last name, " I don't know,
mother can tell you," to his old age, when, dressed in admiral's uniform
he paced back and forth on a plank walk, built out into the bay, over the
high cliffs of the shore, in memory of the quarter deck of his beloved
ship. Conceited and religious, authoritative and generous, humorous and
ceremonious, disputatious and frank, a lover of women more than of wine,
his fame still lingers in many a name and tradition.

His Growth. When very young, a friend of his father's took him I
away from the barracks and from his mother, of whom he never again
heard. He was boarded and punished in various homes in North Wales,!
but as recompense wore a cocked hat and a suit of scarlet made from an
old coat of his father,— "the first sensible mark of the earthly pre-exist-
ence of some one who claimed to be my father " he had ever received,
wrote the Admiral, in his later days. He learned the catechism and col-
lects, repeated the Lord's prayer on his knees, and thought of raising thel
devil by sayirg it backwards; but he never completed the charm, and for
four or five years after was self-punished by his fear that the devil was
waiting for him at the church door.

By degrees he learned something of his father, the William Owen of
Pondicherry fame, who had died while he was a baby. When about four-
teen he went to a mathematical academy, where his "progress was as re-
markable as it had before been in classics." Here religious instruction
consisted in going to church "to talk with our fingers to the girls of a

chool who used the adjoining pew." As a boy, he "had do other distinct
3ea of our Lord Jesus Christ than that he was a good man."

His Dreams. His belief in the direct interposition of the Creator
his behalf frequently solaced him in these youthful days of loneliness
id misdemeanor. The literal and instant fulfillment of two dreams on
pecial and unthought-of subjects were convincing proof, to quote his own
jords, that " they were sent by God Almighty himself, as a simple way
assuring me that as 1 was under his eye he would himself take care
me."
Man-of-War Garden. So he grew up to be presumptuous, adven-
^rous, resolute, and strong. In 1788 he became a midshipman in a line-
-battle ship, in due course of time cruising in the Eay of Fundy. For
hree years his man-of-war was stationed at CampobeDo. The crew often
Jent ashore in summer, tending a little garden at Havre de Lutre (Harbor
the Otter), called Man-of-War Garden, which in turn gave its name
the headland. The garden was brilliant with dahlias and marigolds,
|hich were presented in overweighted bouquets to the few fsland belles,'
Tig, in return for such unexpected courtesies, consented in winter to
ince on the ship's deck, regardless of their frozen ear-tips. Two of the
jidshipmen were as dauntless in pedestrianism as in love, and for a wager
jarted on a perilous walk around icy cliffs which threw them headlong,
heir comrades buried them under the gay flowers, and sailed away from
le henceforth ill-omened garden. And the little store near by, kept by
Se Butler, lost its customers and passed into tradition.

The Boy as Midshipman. With Owen's entrance into the naval
trvice as boy officer "commenced," he wrote in later years, "a public life
^ich may be said to have had no sensible intermission until the close of
^31, or forty-three years, during which I have served under every naval
an of renown, and was honored by the friendship of Nelson. From the
Jar 1797 I have held commands and been entrusted with some important
Irvice, for the most part in remote parts of the world. My character, if
Imay be allowed to draw it myself, contained much of good and bad.
■le latter, perhaps, I contrived to veil sufficiently not to mar my reputa-

'ih

tion ; but, by the grace of God, he has not left me without his spirit of
self-conviction. ... At forty-four I married [a Miss Evans, of Welsh ex-
traction]. I thought myself a tolerably religious man, but knew myself
to be as Reuben, unstable as water. At fifty-seven my worldly ambition
was barred by corruption in high places. At sixty-one I became the
' Hermit.' "

His Settlement at Campobello. "The Quoddy Hermit," — this
was the name he chose when, with the rank of admiral, he came back to
Campobello to live. He brought with him building material and the
frame of a house taken from Rice's Island, and erected his habitation
where is now the Owen. In the grove at the northern end of the present
hotel he planted two or three English oaks. He placed the sun dial of
his vessel in the garden fronting his house, and put a section of his be-
loved quarter deck close to the shore, not far from the seedling oaks.
There, pacing up and down in uniform, he lived over again the days of
his attack upon the Spanish pirate. Proud as he was of the two cannon
he then captured, there is no one living to tell who bled or who swore, or
whether the Spanish galleon sank or paid ransom. He placed the cannon
on the Point, where they bid defiance to American fishing boats. In later
years one was taken to Flagstaff Hill whenever a salute was to be given
in honor of the Queen's birthday, or a fish fair, for such fairs were
famous.

Weddings. The population of the Island increased, and the old
man married the boys and girls at church or at home, slowly or hastily, as
his humor bade him, always claiming the first kiss of the bride. A cer-
tain sailor who had wooed a Campobello maiden was determined that this
privilege should not be allowed by her, and therefore tried to salute his
bride before the service was ended. "You are not married yet. Back! "
shouted the Admiral. Frightened, the sailor-groom turned his face and
his feet toward the minister-magistrate, who more and more slowly repeated
the words of the service, as he approached nearer to the lady, till, with
the last word, he snatched the first kiss. His most princely gift as a wed-
ding present is said to have been the Island of Pope's Folly, a present

1.5

spirit of
^Velsh ex-
:w myself

ambition
came the

t," — this
; back to

and the
labitation
e present
m dial of
)f his be-
ing oaks,
e days of
;o cannon
swore, or
le cannon
In later

be given
airs were

d the old
hastily, as
;. A cer-
[ that this
salute his
Back ! "

face and
y repeated
', till, with

as a wed-
a present

conditioned on his performance of the marriage service, which was gladly
granted by the bride.

He widened the narrow roads along the bay, which David had broken
out, and in his heavy, lumbering coach of state went through snow and
mud from one tenant to another. The coach is still to be seen, and the
tenants' grandchildren bear the Owen surname as the universal Christian
cognomen. The Admiral would often stroll down to VVhale-Boat Cove —
so called from a large kind of row-boat used in the herring fisheries'—
which he persuaded the men to call Welsh Pool. Many a little maiden
counted her pennies by the Admiral's kisses, and many a poor fisherman
blessed him for allowing the house rent to run on from year to year
though the Admiral invariably insisted on the rental from the weirs; he
well knew which was the more profitable.

Family Life. On other days he stayed at home and amused him-
self with his books. At four o'clock the husband and wife dined with the
family and the frequent guests. The dinner of four courses was served
in silver and gold lined dishes, with wines from Jersey and game from the
Provinces. Silver candelabras shone upon the table ; damask and India
muslm curtains shaded the many paned windows ; heavy mahogany and
rosewood chairs, sofas, and tables furnished the apartments ; great logs
on tall andirons burned in monster fireplaces ; sacred maps hung around
the evening parlor; and the dining-room carpet was said to have been a
gift from the King of Prussia. The long curved mahogany sofa, the
carved chairs, and other pieces of furniture are now owned by the Islanders.
The library table and arm chair, with sockets in its arms for candles, the
Admiral's hat, pistols, and picture are carefully treasured by " The Com-
pany " as relics.

After the dinner of an hour came tea at seven and a family rubber
till nine; then Scripture reading and worship, when the ladies and servants
retired, leaving the Admiral and his gentlemen friends, fortified with cigars,
whiskey, and water, to relate naval stories and discuss religious themes till
two or three o'clock in the morninjr.

'ft

Theolojjy. Owen's three chosen intimates were designated Aca-
demicus, Rusticus, and Theophilus. His library, which they frequently
consulted, was a sad medley of dictionaries and the theology of Oxford
divines. Methodism and Romanism were alike hateful to the hermit
Admiral, who, in quoting from Holy Writ, always rendered " the wiles "
as *' the methodisms " of the devil. Every week he read to his neighbors
two lectures " from unexceptionable sources, yet so modified as to contain
all that was expedient to explain of his peculiar opinions." Often he held
church service in what was almost a shanty, omitting from the liturgy
whatsoever he might chance to dislike on any special Sunday.

Family Prayers. The day began and ended with prayers, which
all the household servants attended, the " maids," as the Admiral called
them, — "for we are all servants of God," — bringing their work and sew-
ing throughout the service, except when the prayer itself was said. ]f
some one occasionally was disinclined to such steady improvement of the
devotional hour, the Admiral, w-th a benevolent smile, inquired, *' My
dear, do you feel lazy to-night ? "

Breakfast was served at nine. After that, the Lady Owen, clad in an
enormous apron, entered the kitchen and taught the mysteries of salads
and jellies.

Lady Owen. Lady Owen was queen as he was king; and never
did a lady rule more gently over store-room and parlor, over Sunday-School
and sewing-school, fitting the dresses of her domestics or of the Island
children. She was a handsome woman, with silver hair and pink and
white complexion, who, like her daughters, wore long trains and low
corsages. Sometimes the mother wrapped herself in a certain gold and
black scarf with such a courtly grace that its remembrance has never
faded. Great was the jubilee among the domestics when a box arrived
from England, with fabulous dresses ready made.

Once a year the maids and men of the great house had a ball, the
ladies playing for them even all night. Twice in the twelve months oc-
curred house-cleaning, when a dress was given each busy worker. The
servants were often reminded to take no more than was necessary on their

plates ; for economy, though not parsimony, was the rule of the house
quests came from the mainland and from every vessel of war. Admiral
Owen and h.s house were the fashion for many long years

Nowhere on the coast of Maine has there been a more curious ming-
ing of rank, with >ts mvestiture of ceremony, and of simple folk-life of
loyalty to the Queen and her representatives and of the American spirit
of personal independence. ^

Theatricals. All the people were familiar with the great family
while the better part of them were bidden to theatrical performances, f';
which the Admiral composed songs. It is doubtful whether he chose as
early hours for his amateur shows as did the theatre manager of New
Brunswick ; for on the first occasion of a dramatic performance in that
frovince March, .8 17S9, the doors were opened at half-past five and
the play began at half-past six o'clock.

Other merry-makings occurred on the Island, justified, perhaps, by
the occasional homage of gifts sent to the mother country; for the Ad-
miras diary bears record that "three large, eleven middle, and fourteen

hngland J hen, whenever a roof-raising occurred, he knew how to send
the children home to look after the chores, that their elders might join in
the merriment. ^ •'

Smugglers' Cave. The inhabitants themselves were rather enter-
prising m business; for rum and lumber were exchangeable quantities
with the venturesome Campobello captains, who traded with the southern
ports and West Indies, and carried Nova Scotia grindstones to the States.
13older, but the quieter in action, were the smugglers, who, deep amid the
woods, near the only fresh-water pond of the Island, alternately came and

Tstof S "h /k?"'" T' ^^"^ "^^ ^P^"^ ^" ^^^^-^ '- - --
chest of Spanish doubloons, buried by ancient buccaneers. The Admiral

and his family often rode through the woods to watch the men in their
hopeless work, and to obtain their share of treasure-trove if ever it were
ound. One bright morning every digger had fled, leaving a deep excava-
tion in the ground ; but far down on its side, marked cut by the iron rust

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which had clung to the earth, the outlines of a chest were visible. A cart
track and the ruins of four or five huts are all that now remain of the site
of this mysterious activity. With the departure of these smugglers dis-
appeared the steady excitement of years, the perpetual topic of conversa-
tion. Thereafter the people could only question each other about the
strange wreck whose rotting timbers were old a century before. Its last
remnants have now been carved into love tokens.

Saddest were the days when the Admiral strode up and down his
imaginary quarter-deck, his empire a fishing settlement, where boys' wages
had once been three cents a day. Eastport still owned the islands around
it. The people brought in their fish, and sold it for groceries and other
articles at stores where it was credited to them. The little vessels cross-
ing the bay made it gay for the Admiral's eyes. But his spirit sank,
as he fancied that some boat might be drifting around an inlet, with its
owner frozen to the mast amid the supplies he was bringing to his family,
who were waiting in vain for the father to return ; or as he thought of the
burden of this ever-increasing debit and credit system, or of the perils of
the smugglers.

Later, when the duties were taken of=f by the United States, smug-
gling disappeared, and Campobello business went down. Could it ever
have been said to exist? A few persons possessed enough ready money
to build the picturesque weirs which fringe the Island with their stakes,
driven three or four feet apart, and ribboned together with small round
poles. The dried foliage and the dripping seaweed clinging to them give
a ghastly beauty to this living mausoleum of the herring.

The Bank. Remittances did not always come promptly from Eng-
land, and money was needed in the Island ; so the Admiral set up his own
bank, and issued one-dollar certificates, surmounted by the crest and his
motto, " Flecti non Frangi." But somehow the time never came when he
was called upon - to pay one dollar on demand to the bearer at Welsh
Pool," and the certificates remain, to be utilized, perhaps, under a new
epoch of good will and foolish trust.

•.i^toi

Titles. The Island must have had some law and order before the
advent of the Admiral, for the town records for the parish of Campobello
date from April 15, 1824, James M. Parker, town clerk. At the general
session of the peace, holden at St. Andrews, the shire town of Charlotte
County, New Brunswick, thirty-two officers were chosen for the small
population of Campobello. As in the old Germai. principalities, every
Welsh Pooler must have craved a title. There were commissioners and
surveyors of highways, overseers of poor and of fisheries, assessors, trustees
of schools, inspectors of fish for home consumption and for exports, for
smoked herring and boxes. There were cullers of staves, fence-viewers
and hog-reeves, and surveyors of lumber and cordwood, lest that which
should properly be used for purposes of building or export be consumed
on andirons or in kitchen stoves.

Paupers. In those days there was no poorhouse ; though town pau-
pers existed, for one, Peter Lion by name, was boarded about for one
hundred dollars, and furnished wi^h suitable food, raiment, lodging, and
medical aid. No one kept him long at a time, whether it was because
others wanted the price paid for his support, or because he was an un-
welcome inmate, is unknown. Prices depend on supply; therefore, it
happened that the next pauper was boarded for fifty dollars. Again, a
lower price for board brought about a lower tax rate for the householders ;
and, in course of time, another pauper was set up at public auction, and
the lowest bidder was entrusted with his care and maintenance.

By 1829 the exports from the Island justified the creation of harbor
masters and port wardens,— more titles to be coveted.

Ferryman. A ferry was established from Campobello to Indian
Island and Eastport. The ferryman was " recognized in the sum of two
pounds, and was conditioned to keep a good and sufficient boat, with
sails and oars, to carry all persons who required between the appointed
places, to ask, demand, and receive for each person so ferried one shillincr
and three pence, and no more." If any other than the appointee should
have the hardihood to make a little money by transporting a weary travel-
ler, such persons should be fined ten shillings, half of it to go to the

informer and half to the ferryman, unless he had previously arranged with
the licensee that he would afford him due and righteous satisfaction for
each person so carried.

As the population grew, the swine began to abound, and soon it was
decreed that '* neither swine nor boar-pig should go at large, unless suffi-
ciently ringed and yoked, sucking pigs excepted, on pain of five shillings

for each beast."

Sheep. Then the sheep began to jump fences four feet high,- and
their descendants have increased in agility. They ate the young cabbages,
and standing at ease, defiantly and. lazily nipped off the dahlia buds.
The town bestirred itself. Angry housewives, roused from their sleep by
waking dreams of depredations committed, drove the sheep away with
stock and stone. The following n'ght the fisher-husbands, back from
iheir business, sallied forth in vain; they cou^' not run as fast as the
women. And week after week the sheep to ^1 they wanted. It be-
came necessary finally to establish the sublime order of hog-reeves, who
were privileged to seize any swine or sheep going at large which were not
marked with the proper and duly entered mark of the owner, and to prose-
cute as the law directs ; all cattle being ordered to be at home by eight
o'clock in the evening. But how could sheep be marked when their fleece
forbade their being branded? As notable housekeepers vie with each
other in receipts, so did each Islander try to invent striking deformities
for his sheep ; only the sucking lambs retained their birthrights till their
later days. Because Mulholland made two slits in the right ear and took
off its top, Parker cut off a piece from the left ear of his sheep, and
Bowers made a crop under the left ear of his animal, close to its head.
Yet the sheep ran loose until the people were directed to -riise twelve
pounds for building two cattle pounds, and William Fitz-Wiiiia,. Oen,
the Admiral, was appointed to erect the same.

The poor rates had again lessened,— woe to the pauper boarder,—
for the Admiral wanted money for many another improvement on
which his mind was bent. The General Sessions of the peace dared not
neglect any suggestir n .kLch was made by a man who entertained all the

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distinguished guests who came to Fassamaquoddy Bay; for his fame had
spread far and wide as host, theologian, and magnate.

CJee^e. If it were difficult lo restrain sheep and swine, still more
difficult was It to prevent the trespasses of geese ; though many a bird
was clipped in its infancy, and in winter killed and put down amid layers
of snow, and sent to the Admiral as a peace offering or as tribute

Still the public troubles increased ; until it was ordered that horses
and cattle should be impounded. Then peace by midnight and safety by
day rested over the Island. For it was even resolved "that all dogs of
SIX monihs old and upward should be considered of sufficient age to pay
the tax " ; but in what manner they were compelled to offer their own ex-
cuse for being remains unsolved. Perhaps no legal quibble was ever
raised concerning the wording of the statute.

Bridges. Admiral Owen was not only the magistrate for animals
but a builder of bridges, letting out the work "at the rate of $i 12 y. per
man per day, the day being ten hours of good and conscientious work for
man or yoke of oxen."

Nomination Day. Very graphic is an account of " Nomination
Day, given by Mr. William H. Kirby, in the " Eastport Sentinel " of
June 10, 1885. On the results of this day depended honors and duties
''Four members are to be chosen. Among those put in nomination is
the Honorable Captain William Fitz-William Owen, of Campobello, rep-
resentative of the Island and champion of the fisheries.

A poll being demanded, the real contest is postponed to a later day
starting at St. Andrews, and proceeding from parish to parish, gathering
the votes of each neighborhood, until at the end of a fortnight Indian
Island is reached, and the voters of West Isles and Campobello have
their turn. This affords a good opportunity for curious Eastporters to
iook in upon the time-honored election processes of the British Empire.

The surroundings of the hustings are rude and characteristic. On
a platform made by spreading a plank on the top of fish hogsheads the
sheriff of the county has established himself, with his clerks, the candi-
dates and their representatives ranged along. As this is Captain Owen's

O.)

uwn nrecinct, special efforts have been made to bring up his vote, which
has somewhat lagged in other parishes; some of the free and independent
electors, arriving by the numerous boats which line the beach, wear badges
with the motto, "Owen Reads and Bridges," and there are signs that
open houses are kept somewhere in the neighborhood. V^ith staunch
friends, the Captain has bittei opponents. For the purpose of increasing
the income from his Island, he had not long before established a system
of pasturage which included a small annual sum for geese, and it is said
that at St. Andrews the other day a goose was borne aloft in derision o^^

his candidacy.

Each candidate having urged his claims in an address, the polls are
opened and the voting begins. As the elector comes forward, he is asked
for whom he votes. The reply is, " Captain Owen," — " Thank you, sir,"
from Captain Owen ; and the same from Mr. Hill, Mr. Brown, Mr. Boyd,
Mr. Clinch, or some other candidate, in response to a vote for either.
And the clerk enters the several votes upon his record. Each elector can
vote for four candidates. Sometimes he names but one ; this is a plumper,
and elicits cheers. Sometimes a man is asked on what he votes, and re-
plies " Freehold by heir," or something else. I believe that under certain
conditions a man could vote in half a dozen counties if he had property.

Closing here, the sheriff, candidates, and special friends adjourn to
St. Andrews for the final proceedings. Numbers of votes have been with-
held for effective use in the final struggle. Some of the candidates are al-
ready so far ahead that their success is assured, and others are hopelessly
behind, while for one or more places two or three candidates are separated
by only narrow margins, and this affords opportunity for trades and com-
binations which add zest to the last spasmodic efforts. Captain Owen
was not successful this time, though he was chosen at a later campaign,
and was afterwards promoted to a seat in Her Majesty's Council for the

Province."

Wilson's Claim. The Admiral's life was embittered by the obstin-
acy with which some of the people refused to pay him allegiance. They
were the descendant's of one WHson, who, in David's time, had squatted

±]

at Head Harbor, and had built across the end of the Island a bush fence
which was considered to give the sanctity of a written deed to Wilson's
claim. David Owen contested the validity of custom, and a lawsuit fol-
lowed, which was decided in favor of the squatter. This decision was
very embarrassing to David, who feared that through its effect he might
lose possession of another neck of land. So he hastened home from the
court, outstripping his rival, and told a squatter who lived on a second
pomt of the Island that, as the verdict in the Head Harbor case had been
rendered in the Owen favor, he had better sell out at once, or else the law
would make him do so. This reasoning, though illogical, was convincing •
and the terrified fisherman is reported to have made a lawful deed of his
possessions to David for a round of pork, an old gun, and two or three
other articles. V\'hen Wilson arrived, belated by the wind and tide, the
fraud or joke was discovered ; but, as no remedy was found for it, the
Ovvens ruled all the Islanu, except the peninsula which David and his co-
heirs and successors always called '' Wilson's Encroachment." There Wil-
son and his followers established a thriving settlement, whose prosperity was
a constant grievance to the Admiral when he came to live at Campobello
Neither flattery or bribery could induce them to become his vassals
Years after, in the American Civil War, when Captain Robinson, the
Admiral's son-in-law, demanded that rents should be paid in English
money, Campobello was impoverished, while the people at Wilson's Beach
had no rent to pay.

The Cannon. The cannon still remained as sentinels, till some one
on board the brig Sam French, which was going to California for gold
stole them and carried them round Cape Horn. When the brig rea-hed
San Francisco it fired a salute ; but as the Admiral had forewarned the
Southern authorities of the capture of his guns, the timely or untimely
salute betrayed their presence, and the guns were seized and returned to
Campobello. After the removal of the Owen family to England, one of
the guns, which had been bought from them by Mr. Best, an Island resi-
dent at that time, was given by him to General Cleaves, who placed it on
one of the islands in Portland harbor, where two or three years ago it

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exploded and was shattered to pieces. The other gun was bought by
George Batson, Esq., and was placed in his store on the Island, where it
became an object of wonder to all newcomers.

Schools. The official dignities of the Admiral increased with his
longer residence on Campobello. He was overseer of the poor, post-
master, and school trustee. For a long period there were only private
schools; but about fifty years ago the first public or parish school was
built near the Taylor House, now Hotel Byron. Four other schools were
established at various points; one at Curry's Cove, or Sarawac, — so
named by Admiral Owen after a fishing hamlet in Wales,— where Lady
Owen and her daughters maintained a vigorous Sunday School.

The Mail. The mails, which were brought by vessel from St. An-
drews, came twice a week in summer, and once a week in winter ; though
it was no uncommon event to Wjait three weeks for a letter, if the weather
were stormy. The people from Indian and Deer Islands came to the
Admiral's to get their letters ; but woe to any one who chanced to arrrive
too early in the morning, before the noble postmaster had finished his
breakfast.

Survey Book. A curious manuscript book with parchment covers
is still extant, labelled on one side, " Register Book, Deeds, Leases, etc.,
for the estate of Campobello. The 'property of Captain W. F. W. Owen,
R. N. June, 1835." On the other side is written, " Survey Book." It
contains several early survey maps of the National Boundary, of the
Narrows at Campobello, and of Casco Bay. There are also leases of
smoke-houses and weirs. The latter then rented for fifty or sixty dollars
a year, 'and a system of ground-rent prevailed. The Admiral could not
have anticipated much income from his possessions ; for he speaks of the
people as '• fishermen, about four hundred in number, very few of whom
are, I fear, able to please turn over to pay rent otherwise than in produce,
— that is, dried fish and potatoes."

Tyn-Y-Coed. In this same record book he writes that the farm
called Tyn-Y-Coed, or The House in the Woods, is so named from " the
estate in Montgomery shire, late of Owen Owen, Esq., and Sir Arthur

Davies Owen, his son, and William Owen, the youngest son, let to John
Gregg, for ten years on his life, at the rate of (6^8.) six shillings and six-
pence." On the oldest map owned by the present Company, drawn by
one John Wilkinson, in 1830, the Tyn-Y-Coed and also Lake Glen Severn
are designated. The land opposite the Tyn-Y-Coed, where now is the
Wells Cottage, used to be called Mount Pleasant.

The Admiral's domains extended beyond Campobello to Head Har-
bor, Pope's Folly, Sandy, Spruce, and Casco Islands. Since his reign
some of these islands have been sold, while Casco Island was given to
Chief Justice Allen, of New Brunswick, by Lady Owen. When the little
fishing vessels and ferry boats, which ply between these islands, and the
big schooners and large steamers, are now counted on any one summer
day, it is difficult to realize how comparatively uncrossed were these waters
in the Admiral's early years of Island life.

First Steamboat. The first steamboat in New Brunswick was not
launched till April, 1816, and then it went only as far as Portland; and a
second steamer was not added till 1825. The first New Brunswick news-
paper fortunately was issued in 1783, so that it must have been able to
announce this new maritime project with due sensational headlines.

First Telegram. Not until April 30, 185 1, was the first telegram
sent from St. John to John Wilson. Curiously reads his answer from St.
Andrews : '« Being the first subscriber to the Electric Telegraph Company,
I am honored by the first communication from your city announcing the
great and wonderful work God has made known to man by giving us
the control of the lightnings."

Tlie Churcli. Neither steamboat, newspaper, nor telegram could
make Campobello aught but a narrow confine for the social and political
ambition of the Admiral. An exile because of poverty that compelled
him to accept the royal gift, he felt that he must devote himself to con-
troversial discussion and the erection of a new Episcopal church. Before
this day the people had been Baptists ; personal loyalty anglicized the
religion of all those around Welch Pool.

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Wilson's Baptists. The people at Wilson's, however, never aban-
doned their Baptist tenets, which they brought with them from the neigh-
boring islands as they settled around Head Harbor. Those along the
North Road rowed over to the larger settlement for baptisms and Sunday
services, which were first held in the schoolKouse, for the church itself
was not built until some thirty-eight years ago.

North Road Baptists. At last the North Road residents had their
own church, to which they were devotedly attached. The land for it cost
forty dollars in gold paid down to Captain Robinson, as the proceeds of
the efforts of sewing-circles and ladies' teas. The great Saxby gale of
some twenty-five years ago blew it down. Two years after it was rebuilt
for $447, and finally finished ten years ago. The devoted Episcopalians
at Welch Pool have made no greater sacrifices for their church than did
the little band of zealous North Road Baptists. Though their regular
ministers have been few, their irregular preaching and their prayer meet-
ings have been constant.

Still it was but natural that, as the boys of the Baptist islands mar-
ried the girls of St. George and other New Brunswick towns where the
Church of England was the prescribed form of faith, Episcopalianism
spread itself, not only among the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay, but at

Campobello.

Church Corporation. Soon after Admiral Owen had become resi-
dent magistrate and cr.mmissioner for solemnizing marriages, to which, the
witnesses as well as the bridal couple signed their names, he signalized
his authority by giving for three years certain wild lands as commons for
cattle to those who should belong to the " Church Episcopal Congrega-
tion," when formed. The* lease was duly signed by himself and by John
Farmer, in trust for the people. Stich privilege, even if actuated by
worldly motives, proved of sacred benefit, for measures were immediately
taken to form a Church Association and corporation, with the proviso that
such persons as had decided objections to profess themselves members of
the church could by no means become a part of such corporation. The
Admiral's cattle ranged free in the commons, but on all other licensed and

marked cattle were paid the fees which accrued to the benefit of religion
and large must have been the income thereof. '

The regularly ordained preacher was sent from St. Andrews but four
or five times a year. On all other appointed days the Admiral read his
beloved service, even till 1842, when a resident missionary came to live
on the Island. Thirteen years after, in 1855, the church and burial
ground were consecrated by the bishop of the diocese. Most solemn and
tender must have been those first rites, when confirmation was adminis-
tered to three persons, and holy communion to forty others, :.i that little
buildmg surrounded by the dark balsamic firs, looking with its cross over
the waters toward the New England steeples.

English friends sent money to the church, and the Owen family gave
memorial offerings. The reredos, with its silver cross, was a memorial
to Captam John Robinson, the grandson of the Admiral. The block of
stone from which the font was carved was taken from the Church of the
Knights Templar at Malta, and carried to Florence by the Admiral's son-
in-law to be wrought into graceful form, and then was borne across the
ocean to this tiny, much loved church. The chancel carpet, worked on
canvas in cross-stitch ; the altar vestments ; the stoles ; the chalice veils
green, white, crimson, purple, each bearing the symbol of the cross in
varied stitch and design,— were all wrought by the delicate Idr hands of
the Admiral's daughter, and her children, and their friends, as an offering
of self-consecration and of devotion to the building up of a higher life
among the Islanders. These, too, brought their gifts, and replaced with
chandeliers the wax candles which had been set in holes in the book-rests •
and, when the sea called away the men, an old lad-, rich in humility and
good works, rang the bell for th^ weekly services.

Bishop Medley. Interwoven with the personal life of this church
was the affection with which it was regarded by " The Most Eminent John
Medley, D. D., Anglican Bishop of Fredericton, N. B., and Metropolitan
of Canada, who died in 1892, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years.
It was m this church that he married his second wife, who was a friend of
Lady Owen's. He seldom failed to visit the Island every year or two, and

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was the trusted confidant of each man, woman, or child, who knew him,
for his simplicity of life i. ;corded with Island habits, and the people com-
prehended his singleness of purpose, even if they did not always go to
church. The names of Mr. and Mrs. Medley often occur in the parish
records as visitors of the Parish School, with which they seem to have

been regularly pleased. ^

The Deanery. The Parish of Campobello was and is under the
jurisdiction of the Deanery of St. Andrews. At its meetings, which were
for purposes of social visitation as well as for church discipline, the Ad-
miral talked to the Deans if not with them. He knew the law better than
many of them, and ,had an eye to business. Earnest and simple are the
records of these gatherings, as of the one at St. Andrews in 1852, when
some wished that " all articles necessary to ornament and fitting of places
of worship should be fidmitted free of duty " ; yet the movement failed
of approval lest action on behalf of it might " appear like a move of the
church for exclusive privilege."

Church Lands. A later resolve of the Deanery reads as follows :
«' Resolved, that whereas Romanists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and other
Sectarists, are busy in successfully seeking from the Government tracts of
land, to be surveyed for their respective denominations, to be settled by
their co-religionists, that the Rural Dean communicate with the Lord
Bishop, and ask his advice whether it may not be wise to seek like tracts
of land for the settlement of church families as soon as possible, lest there
be left no lands for the settlement of churchmen."

Special Prayer. When the Deanery met at Campobello it was
resolved that, "Owing to the special calling of the Inhabitants of the
County, that the Bishop draw up a form of Prayer for public service for
those so exposed, to be used at the discretion of the clergy."

In 1863, the Deans approved of employing a " Book hawker in the
dissemination of Church books and tracts in the Province." "The pre-
vailing sins of our time, especially those by which we are more immediately
surrounded," was as favorite a topic of discussion In those days of Deanery
meetings as it is now.

The Admiral's Stock Company. Among other documents be-
longmg to the period of the Admiral's active life on the Island is a pam-
phlet printed m London in 1839, entitled "The Campobello Mill and
Manufacturing Company in x\ew Brunswick, British North America "

This Company was incorporated June i, 1839, with a capital of
$400,000 in two thousand shares at $200 each ; interest at 6 per cent was
guaranteed on all sums actually paid on the shares, secured on the fixed
property on the Islands and responsibility of the Company. The Pres-
ident was William Fitz-William Owen. There were also six Directors
who were all in official life, with the exception of "John Burnett, Esq., of
Campobello, Merchant." The property, says the pamphlet, "is valued at
*ioo,ooo, and offers available means of employing five times the capital "
The returns m four or five years would probably be twenty-live per cent
on the capital. The situation of the Island "is extremely commodious for
commerce with Great Britain, the West Indies, and the United States "
An early prospectus of the Company's extols the situation, because, by
order of His Majesty in Council, Campobello was constituted a free Ware-
housing Port. Jacob Allan, Deputy Surveyor and Commissioner of Crown
Lands, "certifies that there is now standing a sufficient quantity of spruce
and pme of the finest growth for saw logs to keep four double saw-mills
going for the space of forty years; that is, perpetually. . The

fisheries on the coasts of the Island were let this year by the Company for
near ;^4oo, and fish were taken on the coasts to the amount of £5 000 "
It IS also "stated that there is a large quantity of ore about Liberty
Point. ' I he Company was incorporated "for the purposes of erectin<r
using, and employing all descriptions of mills, mill-dams, fulling and card-
ing machinery, and will have a decided advantage over any other spot in
British America." " The population would thus grow rapidly, and the
Company, having the property of the whole coast, must become the
medium of all exchanges with all the population, which now amounts to
six hundred only."

Alas, the Admiral's dreams have never been realized. The sawmills
which were built long ago fell into decay. The ores, if there are any, are

liiH;;::!

m'i "

Hi!

'i:;l;il

Still unexplo«id; agriculture does not flourish; the fisheries have de-
creased, herring are scarce ; and the various changes in the imposition of
duties have perplexed and thwarted the business activity of the Islanders.
Admiral's Second Tlarri'age. Year after year the Admiral saw his
hopes deferred. Lady Owen had died. His daughter, Mrs. Robinson
Owen, and her children, still lived in the Island home, helping, teaching,
guiding all around them with kindliness and wisdom. But the Admiral
spent most of the last five years of his life at St. John, for he married a
Mrs. Nicholson of that city, whose maiden name was Vennell.

His Burial. His strange, pioneer, semi-royal, administrative career
ended in 1857. The boat that bore him back from St. John for the last
time to his hermitage ran aground; for the great falling tides bade him
wait, even in the pomp of death, until it was their hour to bear him aloft
on his oft-trod pier. Men, women, and children, seized lantern, candle, or
torch, and carried their hermit lord over the rough stones and the narrow
ways to the cemetery, where they buried him at eventide, amid the waving
trees and with the sound of falling tears.

His memory nestles in the hearts of the children who play around the
weirs, and who have learned from their grandsires the tales of his jokes,
his oddities, and his kindnesses. His children and his grandchildren
stayed in the primitive ancestral home till 1881, when the Island was sold
to an American syndicate. As long as any of the Owen family lived there
they were beneficent rulers of the people, and maintained a courtly stan-
dard of manners and morals, the grace of which lingers among the

Islanders.

The Cannons again. Tradition and fact still invest the Owen
name with tenderness and homage, as was shown on July 10, 1890, when
the great-grandson of the Admiral revisited Campobello. Never has the
old cannon belched forth its volume of sound more loudly than it did for
Archibald Cochrane, who, as a boy, had often sat astride of it. A
"middy" on board Her Majesty's flagship Bellerophon, he came back
to his ancestral estates, accompanied by Bishop Medley. The boys'
sunny blue eyes and gentle smile recalled his mother's beauty to the. old

Wanders. The Dominion flag and Ae Engli.l, Hag waved from every

h,p ,„ port and from ,l,e neighboring houses, to welcome him back As

tke steamer came m s.ght, the aged cannon, mounted on four huge logs

of wood, gave forth ,ts welcome. Each time the cotton had to be rammed

the hghted paper were protected by a board held across the breech at

don. to It, as if ,t had been a resuscitated grandsire. The steamer an

:r r:::er ~ ''-'-' ''- ^^^^--'^ -^^ - -- --

It was dead low tide -and the tide falls twenty feet - when the ven-
erable bishop came up the long flight of steps, slippery and damp with

aweed^ Guarded on each side and before and behindf with umbrella n
his hand for his walking-stick, the metropolitan of eighty-four yea s

stens''!rJ''''*'"''r"''''"- ' ^"' '' *'' '°y ^^" ^"^^^^y "P th- -nie
steps, there was not a man who did not rush forward to greet him The

band played, while the women crept out from among the piles of lum-

to anl't '" ?"'"'""• '' ^^"^-^^ ^^^ ^°y -^ ^'d from one
to another,^ bow.rig low m his shy, frank manner, cap in hand, to the

women ana gjrls who had known him as a child, and shaking hands
iieart.. ^ .1, ,he men, young and old. Away off stood two old ladies

whu ble morn wl ich had brought back their young master. Up

to them b. . with pretty timidity, and then, boy-like, hurried off to

00k at the c.u,aon. He put his finger on it with a a loving touch and a
lingermg smile, which to the older ones who saw it told of hidden emotion
which, perhaps, he himself scarcely recognized.

Silence fell as the Metropolitan rose from the chair where he had been
resting and thanked the people for their greeting to the boy, because of
his grandparents. The midshipman's eyes shone as they fell on the faces
lighted up as they had not been for years, to see that the fair, five-year old
boy who had left them had grown into the straight-limbed, graceful

iiifiiit

IHi!

manly, modest youth, whose greeting was as 'Jj. affectedly frank as their
own. After a while midshipman and bishop sto'e silently away up to the
graves of the old Admiral and his wife, o' .*<- capi:ain grandfather, and
the cousin, all of whom had been naval he '^' ;.

The Old Home. On to the Owen ^r ;, ; vtrent the boy and found
his old haunts, — first, the nursery, then hi" s^ofner's ro^^ n, and next his
grandmother's ; out among the pines to the places where he had played,
on to the 3un-dial and the quarter-deck. All were revisited, with none of
the sadness which comes in middle life, but with the sure joy of a child
who has found again his own. He clicked the uncocked pistols of the
Admiral, and took up the battered, three-cornered hat.

In the afternoon a game of baseball was played in his honor ; and
never did his great-grandfather watch more eagerly for victory oyer the
pirates than did this descendant watch that the game might be won by
the Campobello boys. At evening, in the little English Church, where the
bishop blessed the people and told of Lady Owen's deeds of mercy, the
boy bent his head over the narrow bookrest, and after the service was
over he again shook hands with those who had so easily and quickly be-
come his friends.

The next day the people gathered again at the wharf. The midship-
man was a new old friend by this time. Once more the brass-piece
sounded farewell as he crossed the bay. It had been the playmate of his
boyhood, his imaginary navy, his cavalry horse, his personal friend. By
its side he had never wanted to rest on chairs or sofas. Once more he
turned to look at it as he went down the steps to the water's edge, and
waved adieu to t^ose who loved him for his mother's sake, with a fond-
ness and pride and sense of personal ownership unknown in "the States,"
where ancestry counts for but little.

The old cannon still stands upright in Mr. Batson's store. No one
would ever steal it again. No one can ever buy it away. From father to
child it will descend, to tell of the English- American feudalism of a hun-
dred years ago, and of the happy, bright boy, who found his father's house
turned into a modern hotel.

»MuM

The wonderful loveliness of Campobello can never be t.ken from i.

line down ,o the water's ed|e ^ "''" ^'"">' '" » '""S

Hou.tHoseo.;.x^:;rd^::er=.• "- -^^ '-
enio;rorrpo.r'^t:e:r^::ra-Kt:^^^^^^^^^^^

owner was Colonel John Allan, who gave it the n^e TmL llnd

Hi. to ,t:r a tr h- ^riL— s rir iTdTor

appointment of Superintendent of the Indians h! fhT^^ ,

in perp,e.ities and hairbreadth escapes"'"rthe"e " hTwTr hi tnt
mo business on Dudley Island, and counted among his gue"s irbe"
Gallatm. Allan was buried on the island in 1805 In ,Sfi/, I Tl
of his descendants gathered there, and dedll/ to his memoTy thTm"

a while the island began to be known as "Treafc " f^r . .1 ,

that name had bought it, and carried on Ur^^, SUj:^:^
He was also the successful pioneer of the canning industy Bu "Tth

jomted and the houses dilapidated. Alas ! now the land i, ht„H i
pasturage, and excellent thereof is the milk °''

island^ w=,f«* ^'■",°'''; ^"""'S ^"='"'' ^^'"-""^ "»«» •'^ lived on the
account book , ho,,, a jj .^ .j,^, ^^^^ ._^ ^_^^. J

N.B.. was hvmg for a short time in Campobello, at Snug Cove. In the

Ccnlcnnial year this account hook was exhi. ited at Pennysville, as one of
its curiosities. In 1786 Arnold bought a new vessel, which he called the
•• Lord ShelVield," and made trading; voyages in her along the coast and to
the West Indies. Once, while cruising in Passamaquoddy Hay, he invited
Colonel Crane to dine with him on board his vessel. Hut the Colonel,
who was a revolutionary veteran, stamping his foot, wounded at the siege
of New York, furiously replied, " Before I would dine with that traitor 1
would run my sword through his body." Arnold went to England in 1787,
where he insured his St. John store and stock for /;"6,ooo. The next year
he came back ; a tire consumed all, and Arnold collected the insurance.
Two years later Arnold's partner accused him of setting fire to the store.
Arnold sued for slander, and claimed ^'5,000 damages. 'I'he jury awarded
twenty shillings ! When he left St. John his house was sold at public
auction. '* A quantity of household furniture," reads the advertisement :
•' excellent feather beds ; mahogany four-post bedsteads, with furniture ;
a set of elegant Cabriole chairs covered with blue damask; sofas and
curtains to match; an elegant set of Wedgewood Gilt Ware; two Tea-
Table sets of Nankeen china ; Terrestrial (ilobe ; a double Wheel Jack ;
a lady's elegant Saddle and Bridle, etc." Yet whoever now owns them
must be glad that they are not family heirlooms. Auction sales are more
honorable for some china.

Smuggling. Whether Arnold was attracted to the Passamaquoddy
region by its opportunities for smuggling can never be known. But certain
is it that the embargo law of 1807 had put a stop to foreign trade, and in
1808 destroyed the coasting trade. Before then it had been easy to carry
breadstulTs and provisions across the line. Thousands of barrels thus
reached Eastport ; and many thousands were brought to Campobello and
Indian Island, at one dollar a barrel. Smuggling began, or, if it did not
then begin, it increased. Sudden wealth and bad habits kept pace with
each other. At first the price for smuggling was twelve and one-half cents
a barrel, which quickly rose to three dollars a barrel. One man is said to
have earned forty-seven dollars in twenty-four hours. Fogs helped,—
"that's why they were made".

aft

sHippod in wagons .„ .He Penobsco, 2L 7o Zl^^ ZTT' """

a..<. =i:t:.r ^:r:L ;r r" ■■""" -'"«--

to American vessels waiting there. Slaves from Norfolk VirHnL
Lubec. Lubec itself owes its existence to the attempt of five citi

ubefpoi-rrtren"™'^ '"f ''"'"'' " '"'' "-"^ - .he B -r:

rival of F^lr it iT ""X^'"'"'';, though by ,8,8 it had become a

»d its llagsta. dominaL the steep h^l doTn whth"! two 'X S:
to the water's edge, where stretch out into the Narrows the pTerl whth
change their aspect with each rising and falling tide, "hen th f^rsets

"Is'i *:'"'« "^ '"' T"'' "'"'^ '^ Lubef steeple. When it IL
eaves ts gay flower gardens damp with a moisture that brightens each

tVZ Jr ".^ ;? "' "-'"""■^"''■^ ""'• - Campob'e llo. lilt
across It ^ ""^" '^°'' "'"^ ^'''==''<= <" ■^'»'"<^^- activity

it is th^r'^r^'' *' T" '' ^™'*''>' I-igOthouse, built about ,809. Near

V Lubec t„d H "' f f "• u"" *' '^'' °' '"^ ""' "' '"^ 'ow marshes
off Lubec, and beyond them the long purple line of Grand Manan.

Xhere is no more varied excursion than to row over to Lubec, and

from there to drive through woods and over sandy roads to the lighthouse.
Then drive back and along the upper shore to North Lubec, where the
Young Men's Christian Associations have bought land and erected a hotel,
with the privileges of fair accommodations and the enthusiasm of camp-
meetings. At sunset take the Lubec Ferry to Campobello. There is so
much to see in each place, and so many hills for the horse to walk up,
that it is better to take two separate days for these drives.

Eastport. Another favorite pastime with the summer visitor is to
row across to Eastport. It is the great shopping place, not only of Campo-
bello, but of its own county. Most excellent and tasteful are its shops,
whose proprietors have a courtesy of manner which city merchants might
well emulate. The drives from Eastport are pleasant, each one different
from the othei Go along the water up to Pleasant Point, where a few
Indians live under the care of the kindly sisters of the Catholic Church,
and where Rev. John Cheverus once visited, or over to Pembroke with its
mills, and up and down long hills.

rieddy Bemps. Best of all is it to forsake the viands of the hotels,
drive up to Meddy Bemps, and camp there for two or three days ; catch
what early fish you can, bass and pickerel ; eat as big and as sweet blue-
berries as ever grow ; pull up the water lilies by their long stems ; buy
rag mats ; and enjoy the quiet and beauty of the lake and its shores.

The North Road. On Campobello itself the most lonesome and
picturesque drive is that along the North Road, over stony and narrow
ways, up rough hills, and by beaches which seem close to the houses.
The view framed by the New Brunswick hills is ever changing, while the
St. Croix River extends ofif into an unrimmed distance. From Head
Harbor, lines of fishing boats, brilliant with the red flannel shirts of the
men, stretch out into the bay. Eastport seems near and far. Part of the
North Road is gay with gardens, for dearly do the Islanders love their
dahlias, their princely flowers, and all the lesser floral dignitaries. Here
stands the Baptist Church, against which the lambs crouch as if in sacri-
ficial symbol. Far beyond it is Mallock's Beach, sentinelled by high cliffs,
reverenced for generations as the baptismal beach. Then come the deso-

ghthouse.
vhere the
d a hotel,
of camp-
lere is so
> walk up,

itor is to
)f Campo-
its shops,
nts might
: different
ere a few
c Church,
:e with its

:he hotels,
ys ; catch
weet blue-
ems ; buy
lores.

some and
id narrow
le houses,
while the
om Head
rts of the
'art of the
love their
es. Here
f in sacri-
high cliffs,
J the deso-

late low peaks of bare, purple rock, which shut out all but gloora when
suddenb; appear the bright, laughing waters of Havre de Lutf-Halor
of the Otter -and its opposite wooded shores, leading to Head Habor
Let your horse find his own way homeward, and clfmb home %«
a o„g the shores of Havre de Lutre. which will bring you ouHt the h ad
of the harbor, near where William Owen first settled

,u"T ""'^'\ '^^" '""S"'' ''"™ °" *' I^'^'-d i« «o Head Harbor

aTdBuntrHills ^rbri' ''r'-^O-P-' Cold Spring, Cranberry
and Hunker Hills. Climb both, and you will never forget the view Drive
on past Conroy's Bridge, the schoolhouses, the church. Wilsons se«le
ment (where do not fail to buy sticks of checkerberry candy) up and
down the hills to Head Harbor River (where, report says the Admiral
fr^h ,"b' ' ^"'l V'^ ""^°^ "<=-"' -^ ''-- pic. Ic itien
over to the Fog Horn House, and, if the tide is right, go down a rockv
hill across a rocky ford, up a short iron ladder and on to Head Larbor
Lighthouse. Never start on any excursion at Campobello undlyou ha e
adjusted your hours to the tides, or else your plans will fail

Mill CnJ",r' "^.J'" ™"^"^ "P™ "'^ ''^' '" °f ^P^-^'^"' importance at
Mill Cove, the road to which branches off from Hend Harbor road

fogt "in " haT f"/'' '■'''■" '''"^' '" "''^ ""■ ^"P"'-- When the
I . u ! " " """-^'"^'^"t. as it were. At high tide you see

an island which you cannot reach by carriage. At low tide you urge your
isLTd"V ^'-«-. Pebbly beach, down into the water, and up on to an
island. By permission of its occupant, you drive through his land out
nto a broad green field, with the Bay of I^undy fronting you, and the
Wolves looking hopelessly lonely. Give a whole day to the , eird and
sunny beauty of the cove and its nooks.

Nancy Head. Between Mill and Schooner Coves are the White
Rocks and Nancy Head, so called from a ship that was wrecked there
Schooner Cove. Schooner Cove is another surprise, but a single

""t: /u"/^" l"*™ '■^^'='"'' "• P"' °" y°"' '"bhers and take the mile
walk to the left along the cliffs. Ten years ago it was the most solem i

trail that you could follow. Now, as civilization has come nearer, and
sunlight has penetrated it, the grey moss hangs less heavily from the close
branches, leafless even in summer, while the water dashes up over the
rocks on the other side of the narrow path. On the right of the cove go
with care, and at your peril, over the headlands, along the coves, and in
through the almost untrodden forest to Herring Cove.

Here is the longest beach in Campobello, with curiously tinted and
marked pebbles. It is but a mile through the woods, starting from the
Tyn-Y-Coed, and is the favorite walk and drive of all those who like
smooth and shady roads and an air laden with " spicy fragrance." On
the left is Eastern Head, never to be forgotten as a place of exploration,
with wonderful views from its points and down its ravines.

Herring Cove. A unique pleasure, which, though obtained by
driving, cannot properly be counted among the drives, is the visit ^t
night to Herring Cove, to see the men "driving the herring." Each
wherry has a ball of cotton wool, or a roll of bark, on a stick saturated
with kerosene, or else it is put into an iron cradle fastened to an iron pole.
As the cotton or bark burns, the moving boats look like a fitful procession
of lights. The brightness attracts the herring, and, as one man rows,
while another "drives," the nets are hauled up full of wriggling, shining
fish.

Lake Glen Severn, so called after the Owen place in Wales, is separ-
ated by a short bridge from the high beach before it slopes down to the
water.

Meadow Brook Cove. Beyond Herring Cove is Meadow Brook
Cove, an ideal place for the scene of a summer idyl. Into it runs a tiny
brook which starts somewhere near the head of Havre de Lutre, marking
the d'vision which once took place in the Island, according to geologists.
The ruins of a stone wall which runs along the brook are no longer sup-
posed to have been built by the Northmen, for the Admiral erected it as
part of his scheme in draining the meadow.

Branching oft from the Herring Cove Road is the Fitz-William road,
where many lots have been sold, and also the road to Raccoon Beach.

rer, and
the close
over the
cove go
;, and in

ited and
:rom the
ivho like
e." On
loration,

ined by
visit at
' Each
aturated
■on pole,
ocession
in rows,
shining

is separ-
n to the

V Brook
s a tiny
marking
ologists.
ger sup-
ted it as

im road,
1 Beach.

passing by it, 0':^ Sef C ^t^ J^jTe-r:'' ^ '" ^''"'' "^"»"
Owen Head, desolate and venLulT,^ itt h. h/'. ™'' °" '^^'" *°
Spring,- a fortune for the future aorllK?' ''°"" '° '-"''^'ybeate
team with four peopie, to VrZl^;; Po^ ^^tV^: T' "" " ''"'"'
At Deep Cove near tlie Pr,;n, ;. , ^ '" "'"'''^ J""" «»«ed.

Take the drive a, low deTnd ,™f ^''""^ P'»"ounced glacial marks.

your face, Tak it a hlhH ^ °"™' *"" ""= '°^ ""^""g -™»»

fulness. * '"■"' °" " ^"""y '""■•"i"g. ^nd feel its cheer-

Friar°"Her:,fr itrn'" "' ''"""^' P^^' '"^ <^°«»^-^ ""P -

Go to the P^ke'stTtueT: :;^/^:f^^;tctbT^ ^''"'^^"■

and at low tide go walk between the P>U a d the bin th ?,'•', "'''^'
wonder how you ever did it Rptr,. ' "" "' ""S'' "^e

past Snug cJe and the schoo Jut /yrco'r to fht n""°" ''' T'
runs the swift current wh,Vh ^.i .u ^ ^ Narrows, where

his flat-bottoLrboat tw ^ ""'.fP'"'"^^^ ""'^'^^^ ^-« cross in
uoiiomed boat, that carries alike the passenger nr h;« h^

brings over from Lubec the funeral hearse "''"' °''

walks. Ihey began as cow-paths, and may end as country roads A J
ventures can still be sought over dancerous' cliff, t, ,

to get lost in the woods, 'still, no SrwlT ou go';:,!: ^^ S
coramg out somewhere near water and a fisherman's hut fo f, Jn "^

:;:e'atft't"^'"'''''"''^'^""^'"«''^°--^^^^^^^^^

an area o twenty square miles, and a circumference of twenty-five miles"
IS ten miles long and two to three miles wide. Remember l„ In T
drives to turn to the left, and when you walk not .0 rafraM ol cols ' "
f,.. T " " *^ ""*■■ «^^™"'o>is which render Campobello most

hmous. Among these is the sail to St. Andrews, which offers mode, „
Wedgewood ware for sale, and where is th, far-famed Algonquin Hotel
and Cobscook Mountain. The West Isle and I.e Tete (La maket:

II >

other pleasant sail. To go around the Island on a calm day is delightful.
Very exquisite in its limited beauty is the sail up St. (jcorge's River, the
trees on either side arching their branches over the little steamer. St.
George's Falls and the stone quarry should also be visited on landing vit
the pier.

Johnson's Bay. For a short outing, row across Friar's Bay to
Johnson's Bay ; climb the little hill to the pleasant, neat, and hospitable
farm-house ; go through a grove to the wooden look-out, and clamber up-
wards. For wondrous beauty of beach and land-locked bay, of great
headlands and brown hay-cocks, of the mystery of nature's secretiveness
in South Bay, the view is unsurpassed.

South Bay. Then, inspired by its loveliness, come home to the
hotel, engage Tomar and his canoes, paddle across the wide bay, and in
and out of the islands and crannies of South l>ay, the happiest, sunniest,
cosiest bay on the Maine coast. Go through the canal at high tide;
paddle everywhere around till the tide turns, and you can pass back
through this narrow and again water-filled canal into P'riar's J^ay, the
cottages at Campobello serving as guide in steering the homeward course.

The Tides. But truly there never is any guide among the tides and
currents setting in from the different islands and headlands save that of
correct knowledge of their ways. To lose an oar in these waters might
mean drifting for hours ; and then if the fog sets in ! That fog, which is
the basis of conversation on first acquaintance, the spoiler of picnics, and
the promoter of a beauty of landscape so infinite and varied that one
only wonders how any summer place can be without it.

Dennysville. Yet, if any one chances to feel that he is too much a
part of the fog in a row-boat, take the little steamer to Dennysville. The
ebb and flow along the coast in this region is so marked, that in going up
the Denny River the pilot carefully guides the steamer through the whirl-
pools and maelstroms, which are dangerous only in winter. The river
grows very narrow, till at its source it seems to be set in meadow lands,
along which one wanders, through the quiet village roads, — for the town
is fifty miles from any railroad, — trying to comprehend why anybody

lelightful.
<iver, the
mer. St.
mding at

5 Bay to
ospitable
mber up-
of great
etiveness

le to the
y, and in
sunniest,
igh tide ;
Eiss back
Jiay, the
d course,
tides and
e that of
rs might
which is
nics, and
that one

) much a
le. The
going up
he whirl-
'he river
w lands,
:he town
anybody

The Friar. Ueside these clifFs the noted one of the Friar it Timn^
bello seems comparatively short; J-et it is the prominent rock o tl e Zd
as one approaches it, and its importance is increaserby th tJntr

h»,. ," """! 't"^ *^' " ^"""^^ '"<*'*" "ho had married a wife of ereat
beauty, and they were attached to each other by a wonderfuMove Th.

tne so ca led Friar. Unfortunately her parents lived with the youL mar-
ned couple, and acted as though they were still entitled to all conZ Tver

while thr """"" " "'" """"'^ ^'"'""' '" SO "P '"^ St. John R.ver
wh,lethe young man was determined to remain on Passamaquoddy lay
Then the parents bade the daughter to come with them, haopen what
m.ght. She wished to obey her husband, yet greatly fea ed her farhe"
and was m d,re distress. Now the young man ^ew desperate. He ore
saw that he must either yield to the parents-thich all his Ind"n stub-
bornness and sense of dignity forbade -or else lose his wife Now he
was « ,.„,,„, and, thinking that magic could aid him, did all h, couW to
mcrease h,s supernatural power. Then, feeling himsdf strong, he saM o

obeyed. But no sooner was she seated than the «■/«/,•« spell began to
work, and she, still as death, soon hardened into stone. Going to the

point of land directly opposite, over the bay, the husband called his
friends, with his father-in-law and mother-in-law, and told them that he
was determined never to part from his wife nor to lose sight of her for
an instant to the end of time, and yet withal they would never quit Passa-
maquoddy. On being asked sneeringly by his wife's father how he would
effect this,, he said : 'Look across the water. There sits your daughter,
and she will never move. Here am I gazing on her. Farew M \nd
as he spoke the hue of stone came over his face, and in a few m ; :es he
was a rock. And there they stood for ages, until, some years ago, several
fishermen, prompted by the spirit which moves the Anglo-Saxon every-
where to wantonly destroy, rolled the husband with great effort into the
bay. As for the bride, she still exists as the Friar ; although she has long
been a favorite object for artillery practice by both English and American
vandal captains, who have thus far, however, only succeeded in knocking
off her head."

Tomar. Many an Indian legend of doubtful authority still clings
to various points on the Island ; yet only the Indians themselves are per-
sistent and real. Each summer day they bring their baskets for sale.
Tomar, at one time governor of his tribe, on a small salary with large
work to do, is one of the few thoroughbred Indians who still live in this
region. He is a man of integrity, skill, and gentleness. Each visitor is
eager to gain his companionship and guidance in his canoe, as he paddles
into nooks where one less experienced might hesitate to penetrate, ■n i eater
than his skill in paddling is Tomar's ingenuity in scraping pictures on birch
bark symbolical of Indian life.

His Tribe. The Passamaquoddy Indians, or Openangoes, were a
branch of the Etechemin nation, and apparently of comparatively recent
origin. Their earliest village near Campobello was at Joe's Point, near
St. Andrews. The majority of the remnants of the tribe are found at
Pleasant Point, near Eastport, at Peter Dana's Point, near Princeton, and
at The Camps, on the border of Calais. Their language is fast dying
out; but their traditions and customs have been carefully studied and
collected largely by Mrs. W. Wallace Brown, of Calais, and also by

o7°.he nh? "^"f '''"''"■ ""^ '■^^ '^"^ "own on the wa. cylinders
of the phonograph many of their songs and stories. "

flMWHS-WlNT0-WflGEf4.

Amw^zik 'klithwon ya skedabe zogel ;

Skedap tatchuwi melan kekouse kizio'lgweh.

Ulzee-ik 'lee madjhe goltook kizosook •

Tatchuuwi tewebn'm nenwel kthlee-tahazoo wagenen wools.uu-kik

Piyemee absegekook beskwaswesuk tchicook

P^mee woolip p'setawkqu'm'see you wen.

P'sk^dab tatchuwi oolazoo weeahl m'pseeoo-wenil.

Amwess ooktee-in aboozek ;

Uppes kootee-in hedlegit ; *

Beskwas'wess lookquem hahze ;

Nojeemeeko gemit chooiwigeou :

Weejokegem wee yoii'h.

Piel John Gabriel kweezee-toon yoot lin to wagun.

Kee zee skee jin wih tun ;

Whu-titli keezeetoon Ebawg'hwit,

We jee kissi tahzik wenoch chigwam.

N'paowlin kweezee Iglesmani tun.

THE SOflO OF THE BEES.

The bees make honey for man ;

Man should give something to God.

The trees lift their tops to the sun ;

We should lift up our hearts to our father.

The smallest flower in the forest

Gives out a perfume for all.

Man should do good unto all men.

The bee has a tree (for a home) ;

The tree has a place to grow ;

The flower has a stem ;
The clergyman must have a house :
May this song help it.
Peter John Gabriel made this song.
He made it in Indian;

lie made it in Canipobello (the island by the shore),
To help to ))uild the house.
* N'pow-o-lin (the scholar, or man learned in mysteries) put it into English.

The Fenians. Among the Islanders are many whom it is delightful
to know. They are all interested in affairs of church, school, and state,
and eager for the future commercial prosperity of the Island. Excitement
in local politics often runs high, but only once — in 1886 — has there been
resort to arms. Then the Fenians were it Eastport and Lubec. From
the latter place some came over to low water mark, but were driven back
"by the shine of the rities" ; for Captain Luke Byron, with one hundred
and fifty Islanders, duly equipped, was stationed at the Narrows, Havre
de Lutre, and Wilson's Beach. Though the Fenians were at Eastport but
little more than a month, the Canipobello committee of safety remained
on guard three months. But when an English man-of-war came into the
harbor, the Fenians, to avoid capture, sank their own vessel off the Nar-
rows, beyond the lighthouse, and escaped themselves towards Machias.

Climate. The summer climate of Campobello is cool and delight
ful, the thermometer ranging between fifty-five and seventy-five degrees ;
so one can be outdoors all day long without becoming oppressed by the
heat. The extensive forests of balsamic firs seem to affect the atmosphere,
soothing and invigorating the visitor by day, and inviting sleep by night.

Water. The greater part of the Island is fertile. The common
field and garden plants and vegetables grow abundantly, while the deep
layer of drift gravel affords excellent well water at almost all points. I'he
water supply for the hotels and cottages is, however, brought in pipes from
distant springs, and filters itself by passing through a natural reservoir of
sand.

*Mr. Charles G. Leland.

blnglish.

elightful
id state,
citement
ere been
. P'roni
en back
hundred
s, Havre
port but
emained
into the
the Nar-
:hias.
delight
degrees ;
I by the
©sphere,
jy night,
common
he deep
ts. The
pes from
ervoir of

f... ^ .. , '" I '''"''''' ''^ "" ''^''^^ "'''^>'^'y '"^""- " '"'l^^' general sur-
face of he Island .s marked by the sharply curved contours characteristic
of all glacated reg.ons, where the rocks are of unequal hardness covered
crver by a deep bed of soil composed of the drift waste. This soil con-
sists of a light clayey loam of rather remarkable fertility." -says Professor
bhaler. ' 1 he greater part of the trees are evergreen, belonging to two
spec.es of hr and two of spruce. Scattered among them are the common
species of birch, poplar, the common red beech, and in open swampy
places the alder," which spreads with amazing rapidity.

Flowers. Wild Roses, varying in color from the palest pink to an
almost magenta red, cover whole fields with their frail beauty In the
grass and round the ledges about Friar's Head the Campanula droops its
bhie bell. Ihe Jilue Iris skirts the borders of Lake Glen Severn. The
Pield Daisy, Sea-side Buttercup, the Marsh I>ea, the Fall Dandelion, and
the Sheep Laurel, spread themselves over the pastures in processions of
color. The Wood Oxalis, its white petals veined with pink, and the Unn^a
or I wmflower, are found half qoncealed beneath the underbrush of the
woods. Among the rarer flowers of the Island is the Alpine Cloud Berry
or Amber Colored Raspberry, found on the Alpine summits of the White
Mountains and on the Northeast Coast, which is the same as the Nor-
wegian species. The Corn Chamomile, a rare weed, and the Wild Chamo-
mile, both of which are naturalized from Europe, are found here, but chiefly
around Eastport. The aromatic Wintergreen is the real Checkerberry in
Maine called the Trory Plum. The lovely Eyebright is found only along
the coast of Maine and Canada; its Alpine form is rare. There are many
varieties of Orchids, Asters, and Goldenrod, of Primroses, Honeysuckle
Heath, and of Lilies, from the Trillium or Trinity Flower to the two-leaved
Solomon's Seal.

The wild strawberry in July, and the blueberries and raspberries in
August, and the small cranberry in September, give occupation to the
children, whose prices for berries are variable.

In the waters around the Island there " is a richer animal and vege-
table life than is found along any other part of our shore."

Dispute about Names of Rivers. These waters have been the
subject of constant litigation from early days. According to the oldest
maps, the present St. Croix River was called Magaguadavic, and the
Schoodic River, the Passamaquoddy ; a name applied not alone to that
River, but to the bays of Schoodick, St. Andrews, Cobscook, the waters
from around Head Harbor (Campobello), to West Quoddy, etc., on ac-
count of the great number of pollock taken in these waters. The Maga-
guadavic received its present name of St. Croix from a cross erected there
by the French, before there were any English settlers in its neighborhood.
The dispute concerning the identity of these rivers, interesting as an his-
torical matter, has not the political importance which attaches to the
settlement of the boundary line between the American and English pos-
sessions.

Boundary Line. This line goes out "between Deer Island and
Campobello, so as to give the United States equal access through the main
channel to the sea, and then remands Campobello into Ikitish territory,"
for, by the treaty of 1783, all islands heretofore within the jurisdiction of
Nova Scotia were to remain British territory.

The Owen. All this now is a matter of almost antiquariaii concern,
the present interest centering in the development of the Island as a sum-
mer resort. In 1881 it was purchased of the Owen heirs by a few New
York and Boston gentlemen, who organized the Campobello Land Com-
pany. The Owen was at once built upon the site of Admiral Owen's
private domain. Part of this dwelling house was moved across the
gravelled walk to serve as an office for the Company and in it were placed
the Owen relics. The rest of the house was left unaltered, the lower
rooms serving as hotel offices and the upper ones as chambers. The
following year a larger dining room for the hotel was constructed, William
G. Preston being employed as architect of the whole structure.

Tyn-Y-Coed. In 1882 the Tyn-Y-Coed was opened, in 1883 the
Tyn-Y-Maes, both erected under the supervision of Cummings and Sears,
of Boston.

tho e of James RoosveU, Ksq., of New York, and Samuel Wells Fr

of .OS on n, Russell S.urgis, of lios.on, Travers Cochran it „ of

h, adelph,a, Alexander Porter, Ks,., and Gorham Hubbar K '" o

summer residences on the Island.

sold lo l?n!7p' ^"'" '"f ''" '^J'"""' ^''^"^ '-^"^^ Man-of-VVar Neck were
sold to some Boston gentlemen, who intend to manage the Owen as a
summer hotel. v^wtn as a

Each year the place becomes belter known, but those who early made
M^ the,r summer home have stamped upon it, it is hoped, that simplicity in
manner of l.vng wh.ch will prevent it from ever becoming either a pL-e
for p.cn,cs or a fashionable resort. It can never lose The picturesque
beauty and the exhilarating climate which make it a most beautiful sum-
mer sojurn from May to November, for the autumn months are as glorious
m clearness of atmosphere as the early summer months are lovely in their
softness of verdure and coloring, while the sunsets always kindle the in,-
agmation into visions of the future.