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32X

T'^^^iP

;

i\\

HISTORY

0|- THK

County of Middlesex

CANADA,

From the Earhest Time to the Present ; Containing an Authentic Account

of Many Import, .t Matters Relating to the Settlement Prog^^^^^^^

and General History of the County ; and Including a

Department Devoted to the Preservation of

Personal and Private Records, etc.

ILLUSTRATED.

'lEovonto :tiib |;onl)on :
^V. A. & C. L. GOODSPEED, PUULISHERS.

1889.

LONDON, ONT. ;
FREE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY.

'y^

■"■^""^ ■ - - -'

PREFACE.

After over ten months of labor, this volume is respectfully tendered
to our i)atrons. The design of the work was more to gather and pre-
serve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidences of truth, the
enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insuffi-
cient data remote, doubtful or incorrect philosophical conclusions. The
true perspective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the
distance that lends enchantment to the view. So short has been the
period since the settlement of the County of Middlesex, and so numer-
ous and heterogeneous the number of imjwrtant events crowded into
the toiling years, that no general attempt was made to prepare a
critical or philosophical history. It is asserted that no person is
competent to write a philosophical history of his own time ; that,
owing to imperfect and conflicting circumstantial evidence that yet
conceals, instead of reveals, the truth, he cannot take that correct,
unprejudiced, logical, luminous and comprehensive view of passing
events that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring con-
clusions. The duty, then, of an historian of his own time is to
collect, classify and preserve the material for the Alacaulay of the
future. The present historian deals in fact; the future historian,
in conclusion; the work of the former is statistical; of the latter,
philosophical.

This volume has been prepared under depressing obstacles, among
whicli a lack of paying patronage was chief. In spite of this, the
Tublishers have more than complied with their promises iti the enor-
mous amount of fact crowded into the solid pages, and in nearly two
hundred i)age3 more of matter than were promised. In addition to
this, a competent resident of the county was specially employed to
read the proofs of the book, that the number of mistakes ; might be
limited to the fewest. Much of the volume, in all departments, was
compiled by local writers, to whom credit is properly given.

THE PUBLISHERS.

V •

CONTENTS.

CIUrTER I.

TOPOOnAPHY AND NATURAL HlSTOHY 11

Soil U

Itlver ThnmeM, The 11

Other Streams.. lU

(if-oloify Ill

ItulldliiK Stone W

SiiikI nnd Gravel U

Oil WellH 14

Salt Wells U

FlreClHV ir.

Trees ami Shrubs 15

CHAPTKR II,

Indian Hbsidexts Ill

Indians. The Karllest Itl

Tribal History ... K

Indians of ISli 21

Horder Incidents 21

Missions and Clinrehes 25

Marriatres Anionc Indians 2.'>

Indian Oranue LodRCS 27

Kacp Statistics 27

Trails 28

CHAPTER III.

OcniPATioN ANP Settlement 20

First Settlers 2»

("rown Land Entries 20

Other Settlers 31)

Pioneer Malls 33

London Vicinity In 1818 ;M

Wolf Story, A 3.5

Colored Inhabitants !t6

'•01d.I()hn Hrown" 3(1

Marriage Laws 'M

Pioneer Cabins 39

CHAPTER IV.

ESTABMRnMENT OF CHURCHES 41

Catholics, The 41

RnL'lish Church, The 47

Presbyterians, The .11

Presbyterian Ma niaROs 52

Haptist Church. The .M

Ministers and Marriages IVi

Congreifatlonalists, The 59

Marrtaees, etc 59

Methodist Church, The 60

Their Marriages fil

Bible Christians &5

Lutherans «)l

Moravians . 67

Other Religious Societies 66

CHAPTER V.

Organization of London District.. BO

Counties, The First «B

8uarter Sessions Court, The 70

ountv Council. The 74

Early Items 90

County Ituildings 90

I'ltue.

House of Refuge 02

Insane Asylum 04

Scott Act, Tlic 05

CHAi'TER VI.

Politics FROM I78»< T<i 18W< 08

Districts Formed 08

Legisliilivo Council, The 08

Assembly, The 90

Lieutenant Oovenors 100

Crown Land Orants or Concessicms. . 100

Politieal .\spect. Hebeliion of WIT. . 102

Execution of Hebels 108

Contemporary Memoranda 107

Leaders in 1H37 . 108

Political Status 113

Elections, etc 115

CHAPTER VII.

IJench and Bar. The 118

Earliest Practitioners 118

Oldest Court Hecords 110

Execution of Burleigh 121)

Execution of Sovereen 121

Kxeoutlon of .Tones 123

Execution of Pickard 123

Execution of Simmims 133

Miscellaneous Cases 124

Other Trials 127

.Tudges and Counsel 133

Present Bar 140

Early Probate Business 142

CHAPTER VIII.

Military Affairs 143

SImcoe's Designs 143

Surrender of Detroit 14il

Battle of the Thames 141

Battle of Lake Erie 144

Skirmish at Byron 146

AlTaIr at Battle Hill 146

Other Military Movements 140

Pensioners of the War 147

Hebeliion of 18:17-8, The 140

Preparations to Invade the States. . . LW

Military Organizations \!a

Affairs in I8a5 1,55

Fenian Invasion, The 1.55

Kert Itlver Troubles, 1869-70 1.58

Militia, The 160

North-west Troubles, 1885 161

Military School, The 163

CHAPTER IX.

The Newspapers 165

Quebec Papers 165

Upper Canadian Papers 165

London District Papers 166

Modern Papers 168

Present Papers 171

Other Periodicals.. 174

Printers' Union, Tlie 175

Country Publications 176

CONTENTS.

CHAl'TKR X.

Page.

OiiowTii or Sciiooifl 179

KiittllsliHchool.The KIrHt 170

Amendment of School Acts 179

( 'ommon School System IH()

X.eiial 'rciichers, ifc 180

StHtlstIrM I«l

Supcrliitcndunts 183

Kxpcmllturi-H IW

ln*tltuti'B, OrlRln of 186

CHAriKK XI.

HOAIIS ANU DKIDOES 187

('orduroy Itonds 187

llonils Projected 18M

Vund'* for Koad IJulldlnK 18»

Toll Hoiids UK)

Expenditure on County Uoads 192

Karly llrldKes 1H4

Hailroada 105

Kallroad Accidents 1U7

CHAPTER XII.

Societies. P(ii'ui,ation, Etc 201

Fairs. The First 201

Fair of 18.51, The 201

VaW Officers, etc 808

Provincial Exhibition, The 203

f)ld (JrouudH, The 203

Uecelpts 204

Western Fair Assoulatlon 304

New Grounds. The 308

Farmers' Institute 207

Stock llreeders' Association 207

Msh and (iame Society 307

Population 208

County Finances 811

Statistics 312

CHAPTER XIII.

LoNnciN City 213

The Forks 213

Earliest Inhabitants 314

Husiness. The First 316

During the " Forties" 221

Husiness Houses and Men 'SiS

Heal Estate. 1853-7 234

Post-oftlce 235

Custom House, The 226

Notable lliilldlngs 227

VillaKe of London Council 231

Town of London Council 233

Parks 335

Exhibition G rounds. The 237

BridKes 238

Sidewalks and Laws 2U9

Cemeteries, Streets, etc 340

Incorporation 242

City t)fflccrs and Laws 243

City Finances 344

Port Stanley Hallroad 246

Important Transactions 247-a')8

Fire Ilepartment 3,58

Council and Fire Department 360

CoiiflaRratlons 263-268

Police Department 3«8

Water Supply S7;»

Analysis of Water 376

Victoria Disaster, The 377

Flood of 1883 281

Street LlBhtlnc 381

Market, The Public 283

Hospitals 284

Guthrie Home 287

Schools of London 288

Page.

Colleirlate Institutes 293

Hellmuth Collflite 394

Medical ColleBe, The 2U5

Law School, The 3«l

Art School 307

Separate Schools 297

Knuiish Church, The 397

Methodist Church, The JWi

Methodist New Connexion Church.. 3a5

iitblu Christians .1)0

Methodist Episcopal Church :.,»»

Catholic Church, The 3|o

Presbyterian Church. The 314

ConKrcitatlcmai Church .'118

Haptist Church 310

Other ilellirlous liodles 321

Mechanics' Institute 321

Secret and Other Societies and

.. tnubs. 332-.T)n

Musical ( >rKanlzation8 ;«io

noar<i of Trade ;|fi3

Chamber of Commerce ;«).-(

Travellers' Association 3t',7

Manufacturing Enterprises 308-380

Wholesale Houses !)K7

Taverns and Groceries '.W

Hanks and Hankers ;i«4

Loan tympanies 307

Insurance Companies 403

Miscellany 408

London East 409

Statistics 413

CHAPTER XIV.

Sthathroy 413

Hesldents. The First 413

Business. The First 414

Merchants and Customers 41B

(Charter and Officers 419

Schools 43:1

Fire Department 425

Fires 42H

Accidents 4;)0

Churches 4ji0

Cemeteries 4,')5

Societies, etc 4,'i."i

Hanks 440

Itallroads 440

Manufacturing Enterprises 441

CHAPTER XV.

Adelaiue Township 443

Boundary 443

Population 4*1

Settlers. The First 44;i

Prominent Citizens 445

Official History 447

Fires and Accidents 448

Adelaide Village 448

Schools and Churches 449

Kerwood 4.53

Keyser 454

CHAPTER XVI.

BiDDniiPH Township 455

Boundary and Population 455

Pioneers. The 455

Colored (Colony, The 456

OfBclal Hecord 456

Oranton 457

Clandeboye 4.58

Ireland 4.58

MooresvlUe 450

Adare 450

Churches 459

CONTENTS.

VII

CHAPTER XVII. I

Paof. ]

LurAN Town fri

Old Name .. 4«I

Appearance. The JMrst 4fll

KenldenlB, The FIrtit Ml

Lots. Hale of 4«3

Offl-'srs. etc <«»

Finances *W

Schools Itn

Fires 4«7

Accidents 4fl7

< 'ommeroe m

Post -office and Hanks *J8

Societies, flubs, etc 4«8

CHAPTKR XVIII.

CAiiAror Township 471

Houndary. etc 471

Old Uecords 471

Land Patents. The First 471

Settlers. The First 472

Schools 473

Accidents 4TS

Mt. llrydues 4'.4

Churches 474

CHAPTKR XIX.

DBI.AWAUK Township .. 476

■Mtuatlon. etc 47B

.tx>n(twood8 Koad 476

J.and Grants 476

Settlers 478

Aliens. The 477

Officers, etc 47n

Incidents 480

CHAPTER XX.

Del/.wark Vii.i.AOE, Etc 483

F.arly Appearance 482

Business 48.1

Fires 483

Population 488

KTworth 484

WiMidhull Settlement. The 484

VIllBBe In mi. The 484

liHter Events 484

Ch arches 485

Lodges 48.5

CHAPTER XXI.

DOFCH ESTEU TO WN8HIP 486

Location, etc 4»«

Official Kecord 48H

Sett'ers. The First. ... 487

HesI dents. Later 488

Putr.amvllle 488

HariletsviUe 489

Belmont 41)0

Dorctiestor .Station 491

Nllestown 4«2

Avon 4K1

Crumlln im

Gladstone 41>3

Mossley 41)3

CHAPTER XXII.

Ekfrid Township 494

Survi.'v of Crown Lands 494

Houfidary. etc 494

Pioneers. The 495

Hecords, The Oldest 495

Officers 496

Agricultural Society 497

Page.

Accidents 497

Kkfrld VlUaue 497

Appin 498

Melbourne 499

Middlemiss 499

Strathbum SM

Mayfalr 500

Muncey 500

Clirlstlna 600

Kuox Church 800

CHAPTER XXIII.

Lono Township 508

liocatlon , 808

Population 502

Official History 503

Pioneers. The 804

Crown I^nd Entries 604

Komoka 508

(Tiurdies 507

Lobo VlllaKe 607

Poplar Hill 508

Colilstream 608

Fornhlll 608

Duncrlef 508

Ivan 6^

Amiens 509

Slddallsvllle 009

CHAPTER XXIV.

LoNnoN Township 510

Situation. Streams, etc 510

Hecords. Tlio Early 510

Pioneers 511

Citizens. Pn)inlnent, Early 512

Events of Note 514

Churches 615

Arva. or St. Johns 817

Hyde Park Comer 518

I^ndon West 618

Birr 6-S

ElKlnfleld 830

TJenfleld 821

Ilderton 881

Vanneck BBl

Bryanston 821

Kingston 833

CHAPTER XXV.

I McO ii.i.ivnAY Township 523

■ Situation. Streams, etc 5^

! Official Matters 623

Settlers, etc 624

I West McOlllivray 525

Lleury 82.5

I Corbett 625

1 Moray 825

I Brinsley 6^

McC.lllivrav 626

Cliurches. etc 526

Afcrlcultural Society 527

1 CHAPTER XXVI.

] Mbtcai.fe Township .528

Location. Water Courses, etc 528

Crown Land Entries 538

I Incidents 529

! Settlers. The 531)

Napier 530

Churches 5!W

Societies 531

I Katesvllle 531

I Wisbeach 532

j Kilmartln S&'.

CONTENTS.

CHAI'TKR XXVII,

Mora Township Ha

Hltimtliin. Crt'ckK, et<! MCI

Hpttlcrs, TliH KlrMt KW

Offli'iirH, fl(' SIM

Aifrii'iiltural Society SIM

('liiir<'li(>s S'W

KlrnH B:IS

I.fiiiuwood IMB

KiiupdHle ftlW

Cushroore !i!)(l

CIIAPTKR XXVIII.

NEwminr Vim-ake .wr

Nnmo, The Klr^t M7

MurchaiitH. Thu First SIIT

PopiilHtlon S87

Iru^orporntlon, etc S:i8

Schools S3S

Klren nm

Hocteties SiSt

Churches \\n

Miscellany 541

CHAPTER XXIX.

Wahdsvii.i.e 542

Karlv Aripearancc 543

Mcrdiants, The Mrat M!.'

IIUHliicHs Nfen, [,ater 54.1

Popiilatlnn, etc S4iJ

Official Matters 543

Fires ■ 644

Societies 645

Churches 646

Schools 540

' lAPTER XXX.

Glencoe MH

OrlBln r,4S

Orifanlzatlon 548

Commerce 55t

nulWlncs 551

Exports and Imports iva

Hanks 55;i

Schools 5r.3

Churches 554

Klre Department 556

Uanrt 557

Ulflp Association 5.")7

Accidents 558

Societies, Clubs, etc 558

Cemetery 558

Salt Well 558

Mechanics' Institute sm

CHAPTER XXXI.

Nissonni West Tow.nship 501

Streams. Iloundary. etc ,561

Survey, Land Entries, etc 561

Settlers, The 561

Records. Tlie 563

Thomdale 56,3

Wyton VIllaKC 'i64

St. Ives 564

Helton 565

Devizes .565

Rebecca 665

CHAPTER XXXII. |

WESTMINSTBIi TOWNSHIP 566 '

Drainaire, Location, etc R6B

StatlstioB 666 I

Paaf.

Survey, fjind Sales, etc! S67

.'loiictTs, The. 567

Organization, offlcers, etc 6«H

I'loni'iT IncldctitM 561)

Crown I.iiiidH K.ntered 57tl

Old Settlers MvlMif .^75

WcKtiiil'isfer Inxuraiice Company... 675

'"hurchos 576

llyron 677

I.amhcth ; S78

Mall .MIIN 67B

I'oiiil Mills S70

(i Ian worth ftSi)

Oerwcnt Wl

Mapletirove 581

Olendale B81

Maaulre 681

Accidents 581

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Lo.NnoN SOI'TH 683

Leadlnir Residents, Some 683

Churches 583

StHtlsfics 683

Schools 584

CHAPTER XXXIV,

East Williams Township :m

Streams, etc .586

Canada f^ompany. The 586

Mvlnt' Old Settlers 587

< iruHnlzation, Oflicers, etc 687

Churches 588

.MprluKbank and Vicinity 589

Falkirk 5fl0

Nairn S90

CHAPTER XXXV.

A ILSA Cn A If} Vri.I.AOE 501

Settler, The First 591

Vlllat'e in IHOH. The 591

Business, The Early 591

Huslness, Later .593

Population 593

Incori}oration ,593

Lodses .594

Accidents 594

CHAPTER XXXVI.

West Williams Township SOB

Water Courses, etc 596

Organization, etc .598

Settlement 698

Sylvan 598

Uornlsh 599

Afirlcultural Society 600

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Parkhill 601

Orisin, The 601

Settlers, The First 601

Business fi03

Manufactories 603

Hanks 604

Organization 605

Schools 60e

Fires 608

Accidents 609

Churches «09

Societies, etc 613

CONTBNTS.

CHAl'TER XXXVIII.

Pnuf.

OfNEHAl. iTKMH HIS

Miilm iiiid WeedH tllii

Z.Miliiify Hlrt

HtnriiiM Ill"

Hiiiii iiiul Know •II'*

Diinitloii of Sunshine •Ml*

Indliin Suinniep Hilt

Arclmoldcy li-ll

MlM'i'llany H-it

BtiillNtli'H. Kurly IK.M

Indi'ljlfiini'Hi'. otc tKl

SliillsllcH, Lato ttJH

I'dimliitliiri lJi«

CIlAl'TKU XXXIX.

Uenf.kai, Misci;i.i.anv iWt

I'lihllo Srhodls ItK

Lonilim SduIIi Schoiili) ttllU

ArtSrliool KM

AifHcultiirul AsNocliilloii itlT

Allxii Craiif Mei'liunlcs' InHtltute 11:17

Mprlnif Show ttW

^i(•ott Art Itc^pciiled IliW

SHli'df Kiilrtinmnd Lots ftW

Assessment HoU, ISWI IWU

l.lciuor Mcensf», |H»ll tUd

Western ('onirreifiilional ABsoelutton (Ma

Hallway Subsidies tl42

Asylum ImpnivemuntH 04!)

Masonle Ortirers 1143

Amaluamatloii of London 8out)i t!4il

Law ('an<lldates CIS

Canal L'onipurlsona >Hrt

iDjpurts 040

CHAPTKK XL.

MiscBl.i.ANV- Continued 047

Hoard of Trade 047

Women's Christian Association fl4H

KniKhta of the Maceabees, etc Orit)

I'leeadtlly LodRe, Sons of KuKland... tWiO

Court Uellaiico ((TiO

London Lodne of Punectlon tWHJ

Loeal I'oetry 051

Ivllieral Conservatives «M

London West Schools OTiJI

Typoifraphleal Union OTkl

Glent'oe Moehanles' Institute ttVi

Strathroy Hoard of Trade tiiii

Hank Statement tlTkl

Repeal of the Scott Act 0.">4

Good Templars U54

CHAPTER XLI.

SUNDIIV HlSTOHICAr^ NOTES OTiO

Early Items 050

Small Towns OflO

County Postmasters 057

Westminster Township Presbyterian

Church 057

Strathroy SprhiB Fair. 188lt 667

Glencoe Statistics, 18»» 050

Glcucoe Presbyterian Clnirch 059

Caradoc Sprinir Show 000

Protestant Home Hoard OtKJ

St. George's Church 001

Mechanics' Institute, London 001

Hospital Trust, The 003

Mevlll Masonic Keport tl03

Strathroy Finance Iteport 002

/•f ue.

Criminal Statistic* ifclft

( ourt Hobin Hood flOS

Hallway Uml Subsidies 606

Church Aj>poliitment8 800

4 ileneoe Lacrosse Club 000

KntomoloKy 008

Old Kolks Concert HOT

London Cricket Club Ofl7

Insurance Abstract OWt

LiiwviTs Hamiuet OOH

S<(ilt Act at Strathrov HU8

(ileui Sprlnit Kalr. IRMi 08B

Independent ( )rder of Koresters 009

Mortuary Statistics 070

Methodists. The «70

IJalryliiK Interests 071

oddtellows' Annual Statement. ... 071

Public Hevenuc fl78

Strathroy .Mechanics' Institute 07:4

A.d.r. W 074

Hase Hall Association 074

Papal AKuresslim 074

Presbytery of London 070

Canudliin Padtlc Hallway 0"8

I >lslrlct .Methodist Meellnir... «7M

Loyal Onmtte Association 080

Sundry Notes 08t)

Physlr'ians 08!)

Strathroy Methodists 684

West Middlesex Hefonn Assoclattuu 085

Victoria I'ircle 086

Australian Population ot>0

Colleulate Institute Kxanilnuth>ns,

IHWt 080

Scraps of Karly History 088

Karly hair Premiums Oltl

Canadian t)rdcr ot Koresters .. 6K)

CHArXEIl XLII.

ExPi/iR ATioN or Canada 69ft

Norse Discoverers, The 6U5

EuKllsh Discoverers, The 095

French Settlements 000

Kxploratlons by the French 697

Chuniulalu 698

Treaties of Peace 700

Con<)uest by the EnRllsh 70!J

Canadian Government, Early 7011

Clianues, etc 7(H

War of 1813, The 705

Confederation 7()«

Upper Canadian Hebelllon 707

BloaHAPHY .09-1076

VIEWS, ETC.

Tecumseh, the Shawaneo Chief 26-27

Marquette's Map 4;5-44

Homau Catholic Cathedral K-m

View on Kl 'hmoud Street, London.. 125-120

An Old Settler 1I)()-191

London Water-works 271-272

Pheasant H untlntt a.'>2-;i."i;i

London .Medical School 401-402

Hellmuth Ladles' Collene 451-4.53

A Midsummer Scene ,')49-,5ai)

Masonic Temple, London «0a-fiti4

Site of nn Early Lor Cabin 701-702

A Midwinter Scene 827-828

GeorBe T. Hiscox 8.18-859

BytheHiver 800-910

:■-

■■■■I

HISTORY

~oi- riii:.

TY OF Middlesex

CHAITER I.

TOPOGItAPIlV AND NATURAL IIISTOKY.

the SSia^^ S^Hnd HuHIri^ "^""T f'^" "^ -'" ^'^ ^'^
tude 42" 58' 20", and InJ ud'sr 14 8' "hrt^"--' ^'r'"' 'V'^""
the County extended fronT Iik.. l\u.7 r ". u ''' '""' '^^'^» ^'^'er.
of Zone TownS to thTl.W ] ni",.^ ' ^"'""' ''"'^^ ^'™» ^he line
counties of Midd esex Fl ' L «'"'' '?'^ ""^^' ^'nbracing the

1887 the tot5^!;S\^';^S;c^r7S^Si ^"V^K J"
acreage within the boundaries of incorporSod toll' 'Mm'T- °^'t"

Creek, ami southwarf ..6°^^ I 7,31' f ' '1 . i' """"''' "'' "«»■■
for it, ™, fertility a„d L lux,„ IT fl f : , „' 2 ■%7''*»We

of large size to»etL7w fh fi'„. ' ?"'""'• ""'* "liito-wooil trees

of natural prairie of about 30,000 acre, ' ' "" """»

e^pitllftL mwuTut-'Ze'^f ™i"r-r ."' ""' *■-»=•■

the estuar, of t|,i, rlvo?S^i,e'"2i"of S'^i tZs^S

UISTOItV OK TUK

flow into th(! waters eoniu'ctiiig Lakci Huron with Laki; Eric; in
fact, tiiose cliildnMi of faith in rolij^ion, in advotiturc, and in cunnncrco,
wcri! not seeking,' anythinjj diniinutive in nature. The j^reat kikes and
rivers, the liistant MisHissijipi, the far-away " Mountains of tlie
Setting Sun," and lh»i savage inlialiitants of tlie utdvnown lands,
formed tlu^ (I'ljeets (if (lieir searcii, so that it is not to he wondered at
that the jiioiieers of a new worhl ksft to UKsn <»f later days the task of
exploring the smaller rivers, lakes and mountains of the continent. In
the archives of the Minister of Marine, at Paris, may he found the
first chart of the country, now known as the Valley of the Thames.
This chart and accoinjtanying rejiort was made to Loins XV's
Secretary in 1744, and both were printed th<! same year l)y N. Ikdlin,
the report going so far as to state that the river was without a rapid
for eighty French leagues, and that for centm-ies it was known .is
Askunesi]ipi, or Antlered Kiver. On this report being transmitted
to Canadii, the trajiper, the voyar/i'iir, anil the iid venturer directed
some of their attention to the beautiful valley, and ii. 1745-(i the river
is heard of as T.a Tranchee. In the latter half of the 18th Century it
is called I-a Tranche, and on July 16, 1792, the ]tresent name — The
Thames — was conferred ujion it by th(i oflicial act of Governor Simcoe.
Shortly after th(^ United States cast off the bondage of trans-atlantic
rule, Lord Edward Fitzgerald, one of the Irish licvolutionists of 1798,
traversed this valley, accompanied by the African who saved his life after
th(! battle of F^utaw Sjirings, S. C , Sept. 8, 1781, and by a few Mohawks
under Ih-ant. He it was who first described the Thames, and along its
banks dwelt on the cause of liberty, against which he so recently and
so gallantly fought. During the winter of 1792-o Governor Shncm,
Major Littlehales and Lieutenant Talbot, with four other army officers,
cftine up from Navy Hall at Niagara, halting rn rmite at the Nelles'
House, on the Grand Elver, and at the Village of the Mohawks, where
Brant and a crowd of his Indians joined them, and whence they set
out to La Tranche, a name hidden or stolen the year before by the
chief of that very party, who now came to admire the old river under
its new name. In the early part of 1793 a surveyor name(i McNitV
was ordeied to sound the river to the proposed town of Georgina-
upon-Thames. He reported that the erection of two locks would leave
the river a navigable one to the Upper Forks, and this re])ort was
forwarded with all due solemnity to the parties in interest, its principal
enthusiastic advocate recommending its acceptance, and suggesting the
prompt improvement of the river. The subsequent troubles and
removal of Simcoe put a stop to public improvements, and so crippled
the Government, that the rulers were well ]ileased to be able to cut a
military road or trail to Chatham and Sandwich along the river bank
or plateau, leaving the question of navigation seriously alone. The
Thames may be said to form the great drainage basin for Southern and
Central Middlesex, as well as for London City. The water is
impure from sources to estuary, owing to this being the case ; while, as

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

a navigable stream, it is only used witliin the county by a few pleasure
steamboats, which y>ly between London and the water-works at
Spritif^bank, from .lune to Se])tember. In the early years of the
district, <;rist-mills were erected along its course, and today a few are
operated by this water-power.

Other Streams. — The Aux Sauble, in the northern and north-
western towiislii])s, has jjlayed an important part in the drama of
jn'ogress. This river drains an immense area, its liead- waters spreading
out in every direction, all'ording water-jiower to many mills, and
drainnge advantages to many sections.

Jk'ar Creek, the Wye, the two forks of the Thames, and a hundred
minor creeks, give a stream to almost every farm, and, with the greater
river, contribute lo render bridge and culvert construction a permanent
local industry of no small importance,

Geolofjy. — Middlesex has never been made the field of extensive
geological exjiloration, although scientists have established the f-^ct
that at about the same level are found neaily the same deposits as in
the country adjacent on the east and south — indicating th{it this section
of Canada has not undergone any modern geological disturbance. In
1861-5 the country sufl'ered from an unhealthy oil fever ; but soon
after men learned that this was not the region to find a great coal bed,
nor yet a great oil fountain. Director Selwyn, of the Canadian
Geological Survey, writing under date of June 13, 1888, says : — "About
London the country is covered to a depth of more than 100 feet by
sand and clay, with pebbles and boulders. Beneath these surface
deposits, the whole area of the county is supposed to be underlaid by
the Devonian formations — known as the Hamilton shales and the
Corniferous limestone. The greater ])art, if not all the oil and salt
wells of Ontario, are bored in these formations. At greater depths, the
formations which yield the large supplies of gas and oil in Ohio would
be found to underlie the whole of the County of Middlesex, and might
yield similar valuable deposits. The Trenton limestone, which crops
out along the north shore of Lake Ontario, from Kingston to Port
Newcastle and through to the Georgian Bay, yields the gas and oil in
Ohio, being reached cat a depth of 2,'JOO feet from the surface."

Building Stone. — In November, 1843, Surveyor Cull deals very
fully with the building of the jail, introducing Tristram Coates, a
would-be contractor for lumber, and Garrison & iSifton, cut-stone
contractors. It appears that Cull managed to cut oH' these men, and
better still, to discover a quarry. Speaking of this (juarry. Cull says : —
" I stated to the Council that a valuable quarry had been discovered
on the banks of the North River, about four miles from London.* That
quarry is believed to contain an almost inexhaustible supply. The
proprietor at first demanded as high as twelve shillings and sixpence

* F. n. Talbot thinks It is the present Barnes' quarry, six miles distant, while William
MoClary thinks it was taken out of Gray's quarry, on the North Branch, two concessioas
north of the Asylum.— Ed.

14 HISTORY OK THE

per cord. After some difficulty, an a<»ix'einent was made with liiiii for
seven shillings and sixpence ])er cord, and five shillini^s jier cord for
quarrying." This stone is very rough, hut dunihle. A good limestone
is found in Westminster.

Hand and Gravel. — Throughout the county great sand and gravel
beds exist. At the beginning of the ])ike roads in this section of
Canada, County Engineer Talbot, unacciuainted with these great
deposits, suggested the building of charcoal roads ; but his re])ort to
the County Council brought out the fact that heavy gravel could be
found in every township. Subsequently the toll-road system was
introduced, and henceforth the gravel beds of the county offered a
wide field for development — particularly at Komoka, in Lobo ; and at
Putnam ville, in Dorchester.

Oil W('ll8. — The Indians, it is said, used to collect crude petroleum
along the Thames in early days and sell it to the pioneers, to be used
for lighting purposes as well as axle grease ; but Indian enterprise did
not seek below the surface for this very marketable commoditj ; so,
that for half a century the so-called oil fountains were left unexplored.
iJuring the year 1865, several oil prospectors were in the county, and
every day brought an account of .some new well in Delaware, WiUiaras,
Adelaide, and even London and tastern townships. In November, the
Hicks' oil well was bored — 266 feet — 86 through sand and gravel,
80 through white lime rock, 50 through sand, and 50 through soft lime
rock. At 15 feet in the white lime n ck, a vein of black sulphur water
was struck. On the evening of November 10th, a crevice in the soft
lime rock was tapped when a flow of petroleum-impregnated water
was struck, yielding 1,000 barrels per day, of which there were about
three barrels of oil. In 1865, Professor Winchell denounced the
statement that oil existed in any paying quiintities within Middlesex
County ; while T. M. Keynolds, then residing at London, stated that
" excellent oil springs existed above and below the Thames Forks."
Keynolds based his opinion on statements made by Professor Hall, at
the great oil meeting held at the City Hall, October 6th, 1865, who .said
that in 1846 he saw two fossils taken from the Thames at London,
peculiar to the Hamilton group. The I'rofessor was so earnest in this
opinion tliat he purchased an interest in the Hicks' well, then being
bored west of the city on the Thames. Previous to this, wild state-
ments were made at the oil men's banquet at the Tecumseh House,
which the Michigan geologist thought well to deny. At Cashmere, in
Mosa ; Sylvan, in West Williams, and on Poore's Farm, in McGillivray,
small quantities of oil were produced.

Salt Wells. — The Onondaga rock enters Canada on the Niagara
Kiver above the falls. In Middlesex County, it is represented in the
western townships — at Glencoe, Park Hill, and other places where the
salt rock has been penetrated. The salt rock at Warwick was struck
iit^ a depth of 1,200 feet, and the salt stratum was pierced to a depth
of 100 feet. The rock at Warwick is only 90 feet below the level of

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

that at Godoricli, 80 miles north ; 300 feet below the rock at Kincardine,
HO miles north of Goderich, and 500 feet below the rock at Inverhuron.
The strata from Inverhuron to Warwick is almost identical, being
limestone, white flint rock, blue shale, salt rock, and, l)eneath, a spongy
sidphtu'ous rock containing sulphur beds.

Fire Clay. — In almost every section of the county excellent
nuiterial for brick, tile and drain-])i])e manufacture exists. From the
])eriod when the first brickyard was opened on Con. 1 , of Westminster,
by the (iriftiths, or that on Ikthurst street, between Tallmt and Kidout,
to the present time, Middlesex cream bricks have attained celebrity ;
and since the introduction of the Michigaji brick machine, have almost
ap])roachod in excellence the manufactures of the Milwaukee, (Wis.)
yards. Potter's chay is also found in some ([uantity, and the owners of
the liOndon Pottery now propose to use it in some wares, in preference
to imjiorted earth. The Tiflany brick machine was invented by Geo.
S. Titlany, of Tecuniseh, Mich., while the machine manufactured at
Park Hill, is the invention of another citizen.

Trt'cs and Shnihs. — In the days of the ])ioneers, the ])lateau of the
Thames, the eastern and central part of Dorchester and ])arts of Dela-
ware, formed the pine-district. The trees were known as white pine,
although in one case — Miles V. Jolly — the latter tried to set aside a
contract reserving the white pine on lands purchased from the former,
basing his case on the fact tliat the trees were not really white pine,
but of some other class of the i)ine family. In the northern part of
the county hemlock ]iredominated ; but throughout the maple, oak,
elm, and all those hardwood giants of the Canfidian forest attnined a
heavy growth. In March, 1 879, a white-wood tree was cut on Donald
Mcpherson's farm in East Willian.i, which yielded 6,000 feet of sawn
lumber — the butt alone yielding 1,L'00 feet. The product brought $120.

fa
Le
|e
Ik

e>'

16 msTOKY OK TllK

CHArTER II.

INDIAN UESIDENTS I'KO.M 1580 TO 1888.

Eavlieat Indian Residents. — The Indian, being without a litera-
ture, knows notliing of liis origin. Tho Frenchman and Sjianiard
found him liere, and learning from liim all he did know, gave; the story
to civilization as an Indian legend, while treating the new-found race
historically as they found it.

The Hurons, originally the Wyandots, were at Quebec in 1534,
when Jacques Uartier arrived thtae. Later, they formed an alliance
with the Adirondacks, but when the latter Joined the Southern Iroquois
Confederacy (about 1580j, the ])restige of the Wyandots be,<;an to fade,
and the dispersion of the tribe overall Canada to Lake Ihiron followed.
Early in the 16th century, they, with some Mississaugas and members /

of other tribes, formed a new confederacy with villages along the |

Thames and Lake and Kiver St Clair. In 1649, this new branch of j^

the tribe was dispersed by the Sf)uthern Confederacy. The name
originates in the phrase Quelles Hures (What Heads), a])plied by the
Erench of Marquette's time on first seeing them in their new western
home. During the winter of 1615-16, Champlain visited among the
t.J'ibes then inhabiting the Peninsula, formed by Lake Erie and St. Clair
river. The country was then inhabited by a tribe, to whom Chami)lain
gave the name Neutral Nation, or Nation de T'ruite ; while the whole
country west was called Cujichradum, and after the Irocjuois war,
Saguinan. The Hurons were, undoubtedly, a branch of the great
Algonquin race, which, under .several names, owned Ontario from the
Ottawa to Lake Huron. To this Ontario division the general title of
Iroquois du Nord was given by the French lor military and political
purposes. After the great war of 1649, the Otchipwas and Mississ-
augas moved from the South into Canada, and the victorious Iroquois of
the South returned to their original homes.

The Mississaugas are first named by the French in 1620. Prior to
the Revolution they moved from the Upper Lake region and Minnesota
to the country east of the Georgian Bay, and in the Albany (N. Y.)
Council of 1746 they were taken into the Iroquois Confederacy as the
seventh nation. Chfirlevoix speaks of them as having villages at
Niagara, on the La Tranchee and on Lake St. Clair subsequent to 1649.
They were also known as Souters or Jumpers, and at the close of the
eighteenth century seemed to be the sole aboriginal occupiers of what
now constitutes the Province of Ontario.

Back in the beginnhig of the 15th century the Mohawks, Oneidas,
Cayugas, Onondagas, and Senecas, inhabiting what is now the States
of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and roaming at will over

GOUiNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

fcr

ndjacont territory, entered into a treaty of friendship, under the title
" Five Nations ;" and so, the Iro(iuois, with a few clunifjes, such aa
ousting,' the Oneidas and takiiif; the Auc<^ua^'as, continued to live under
this treaty for nearly three hunth'ed years, wlien, in 1712, tlie Tuscaroras
came from North Carolina to join the confederacy, and were admitted
as the sixth nation, since which time the name— Six Nations— has
tKjen applied, with thi' (;xct!])tion of tlu; short jieriod, the MissiHsau<,'as
held a i)lace in the Council. Their powerful opponents were the
Uelawares, Cherokees, Mohi(;ans, Adirondacks and llurons. The
hitter's ])(iwer was hmkun alxiut UJ47 hy the terrible Iroipiois, while
in Wii'.i the Erie nation was almost wiped out of existence hy the
fierce warriors. The Irofpujis on July 11), 17(11, ceded to the liritish
all the foliowini,' described tract: —

" That vast tract of land or colony called Caiia>;aviavchio, bepinuirg on the north-
west side of Cadavachqui (Ontario) Lake, and includes all the land lyinf; between the
great lake of Ottawa (Huron), and thv lake called by the natives Sahiijuagc, and by
thti ChriMttiins the I^ake of Swecgo (Oswego for Lake Kric), and runs till it butts upon
the Twicbtwichs, and is bounded westward by the Twicht 'ichs on the eastward by a
place called Quadoge, containing in length about 800 mile.. ..nd breadth 400 miles,
including the country where beavers and all sorts of wild game keep, a'r.l the place
called TjeHghsasjhrondie, alius Fort Do Trot, or Wawyachttenock (Detroit), and so
runs round the Lake of Sweege till you come to a place called Oniardarunda(iuat."

Tribal and Individual Hist or n. — The Mohawks, one of the
tribes com))osing the Six Nations, were adhenuits of the Iiriti.sh, and
in the British service; durinj,' the American Uevolution. They were
also known by the Krciidi as AijnicvH. After the war tin,' Mohawks
crossed from their temporary honu! on the American side of the
Niagara, and ultinuitely settled on a tract of land ou the l>av of Quinte,
purchased from the Mis,sis.sau;_;;is by the British for them. The Senecas
desired that the Mohawks .should live nearer to them, and ou the
latter expressing a desire to accede to the wish of tlu; Senecas, the
Government granted them six .siiuare miles on Grand Uiver. Their
advent to Canada dates back to 17.S0-1, even before the down-
fall of the liritish force under Cornwallis. Brant commanded the
whole tribe, with his cousin, John Hrant, an older man, second in
command. In 1783-4 the tribe wintered at Cataraqui.

riuiyendinagea was the original Indian name of tlui chief, Joseph
Brant, lie was born on the banks of the Ohio in 1741', where his
fatluir, Tchowaghweiigaraghkwiu, a full-bloixled Mohawk of the Wolf
Tribe, hehl sway ; but Soieugarahta — old King Hendrick — was the
great chief whom Joseph Brant succeeded John Brant, chief of the
Six Nations, died of cholera, at Brantford, Aug. 27, 18;i2. He was
the son of the Indian Chief Brant, who died Nov. 24, 1807, while his
squaw retired to Grand River, where she also died. His animal pay
and jxircjuisitcs, granted him by the BritLsh for his .service against the
Americans, amounted to £500 ainuuilly.

John Smoke Johnson, a Mohawk chief, who aided the British in
1812-14, died in 1886, aged 94 years.

HISTOUY OK TIIK

Al'tov a ])iirt nf (lie Oiii'idiis cvthd tlieir liituls iioiir Oiu'ida Lake,
N. Y., in 182'.( or IHIiO, tlu\v ini<;i'iitt'il westward in oliar<,'(' of two
Chnrcli of Knj^laiul missioiiiirics — Uiivis ami Williams. TIr'v scttlod
near (Jrrcn l?av. In 1840, the rtMiiaiiidcr oi tlirir lands was sold, and
coming to (,'anaiia they juncliasi'd ■),()()() acres in Delaware townshij),
wlicre Moses Schuyler was a chief, and Taylor Dockstader, a large
fanner, in IS'.O. In 1S71 this hand numbered 641; in 1881, (188,
nntl in 1887, 77"). Their reservation comjirises fi.OOO acres in Dela-
ware Towiihlii]", jiurchased by them about 181^8, and held in trust lor
them by the (loverninent. ()f their four schools, ont! is ]>resided oV(>r
hy a white female teacher, and the others by natives. The ()neida.s
belong to the second division of the Western Sui»eiintendency, of which
Thomas tJonlon is agent.

The Munceys originally belongetl to Pemisylvania, and were among
the tribes with whom rer.u's memorable, thoii ,^ unwritten, treaty
was made. From this time until the year 17o7 they lived (juietly
under British rule. In the series of conflicts which then took jilaco
between the Knglish and Kiench troo])s, the Muncey.s invarialily fought
under the Engli.sh flag despite all overtures made to them by the
French. By a treaty made between them and Sir William .lohnston,
commander of the British forces at Fort John.son in 1757, these Indians
were iiromised in return for their alliance, the ])rotection of the
"Great King Cieorge the Third" against all their enemies; that their
material interests should be continuously looked after, ajul the pos-
session of their lands guaranteed to them. The Indians, on their jiart,
agreed to "ri.se up as one man, and .assist Hi.s Maje.sty'.sarmsin driving
the French out of the country." It is upon this treaty, and the ]iro-
mises it contained, the IMunceys now rely. The Munceys kept their
promises, and wlien the Revolutionary War broke out some years later
were moved by their allies to undisturbed Ikitish soil. Colonel Sir
William Butler, then con)manding the Royal troops, having said to
them on that occasion, that King George Til would rejilace their lo.s.ses
in Canadfi. Grants of land were made to all the friendly Indians,
excx^])t to the Munceys and the Shawanees, The former ultimately
settled on the Grand River, till their services were called for on the
outbreak of the War of 1812, when they fought under Tecumseh.
When ])eace was proclaimed, the claims of the Munceys (now oidy a
remnant of a, tribe) were again overhjoked, but they were allowed to
wander at will. Finally they settled where they now are, on land
belonging to the Otchipwas, who .allowed them to remain there tem-
porarily. Some years later the land was pin-chased of the Otchipwas
by the Can.adian Government, but the Munceys have been in possession
down to the jn-esent time. The reservation is about seven miles in
length, forming an irregular square, and is now intercepted by two
railways — the main line of the Canada Southern, .and a loop line of the
Grand Trunk. In 1881-2 the ([uestion of evicting the whole tribe wjvs
discussed by the Otchipwas and carried to such extremes that Half

'■■.

COUNTY OK MIDOLKSKX.

Moon, an educated youth, was (leputud to visit l'liiliid('l]iliiii in search
of evidence to sustain their claims, and the second chief of the trilx;,
wlio was also their schoolmaster, to go to p^ngland and luve them before
the (k)ueen. Half Moon, however, died, hut the Quakers of the city
found the recordfi, and the delej^ate, Wahbunaidvee, who called him-
self Scebie Logan, was sent to KnglaiKl. He is a broad shoiddered
fellow of five-and-twenty, a full-blooded Indian, having descended from
Muncey and Mohir^an jiarenls. In ai)i.earance he |)o,-;.se:-,sep all tho
most marked oharaeteristies of the red ra(!e, including the '"..lyy gait
which ajipears so ]iri)i linent if Eurojjean costume is worn, but ceases to
be ajiparent in Indian costume. He was educated at the Mohawk
Institute at Hrantford, Ontario, and was elected second chief of the
Muneeys in April, IS81, his selection being on account of his educjv-
tion which was su])erior to that of most Indians, and of his being a total
abstainer from the destructive fire-wat»^r. Besides being a school-
master, he was a substantial farmer. The historic tomahawk, which
was carried by their chief through many a battle, and hung in the
wigwam's smokci for nuiny a year, was to be jjresented to the (^ueen.
In March, 1883, a deputation from the Miinceys visited Ottawa, to ask
the Government's assistance in .settling their disjinte with the Otchipwas.
In 188G, Inspector Dingman suggested that the Munceys should be left
in jiossession of their land.s, except 49(S acres. This area was to be
detached in fifty acre tracts from the holdings of James Hull, Jacob
Dolson, Jacob, Jose])h and Scebie Logan, Nelli.s, TiuKjthy, the heirs of
widow Wilson, and \V. VVaddilove, thirty-eight acres from the lands
of James W(jlf, Sampson, John, and liichard Wilson, and seventy
acres from James Wolf The Indians ]irott\sted. In 1871 the Mun-
ceys nundjered 130; in 1881, 129, and in 1887, 125. Their single
school is presided over by a white teacher.

Six families of Pottawattamiiis, and three families of half-breeds,
who live on this reserve, are not enumerated in the census and tabular
statement, as they do not belong to either of the bands owning it,
although they are located on the land they occupy. These families,
numbering twenty souls, make the number of Indians within the
agency 1,378.

The Otchipwas, or Chippewas, are, according to liishop Baraga, a
branch of the Algonciuin race. They were inhabitants of Nippissing and
Lake Superior region before the historic period, and have, since that time,
been associated with the Upper Lake country. The name was first given
to a band of Ni[)percineans, and ultimately was applied to all speakers of
the Nippercinean language, who, in 1649, fell back on Lake Superior
before the advancing Irocjuois, just as the Bone (Jave Builders fell back
before the Nippevcineans Their dialect was the most refined of all the
Indian tongues, and won the praise of the great French students who
visited their villiiges. Such historic names as Mudjekeewis, Wanbojug,
Andaigweos, and Gitchee Waiskee were applied to the early chiefs,
who kept the tribal fire burning perpetually. The first war within the

IIISTOIIY 01' TlIK

historic period was waj^ed nf^iiiiist tli(( Ui>j)cr Nii)j)erciiieaii3 by the
Mt!iiomiiu!03, who (liiinined th« mouth of Mouoiiiiiiee Kivor, and thus
ftholislit'd tlu) upjior atur<^(!oii fislii-rios. Tho war riij,'('d from 1627 to
1648 without intermission, and the foud was carried down even to
18o7. Tiieir war aj^ainst the Saulvs l)e<;an about 1519, and continued
until nearly tlie whole of Michii,'an anil Canada, from Erie to Nipjiissiui^,
bore marks of the strife. Nawassiswanabi succeeded the first chief of
the Otc'ii|iwa3 of the Thames. Tomaco, the next chief of importance,
was an uncle of the present Nelson Beaver, on his father's side. In
1812, those Indians served with Tecumseh aj,'aiust the Americans.
Old Simon, Yahobanco, Miskokoman, .Jim Muskalon<,'e, Kanotain;^,
Jim Carey or IJakakadus, and other warriors, are well known names
comiected with the war and with this tribe, the ]iresent Nelson Heaver
b(!in<^ born within a half mile of Lambeth, in 1819. At this time the
tribe was unciviliz(Hl, luit believed in one ruling spirit who would take
them west to th(i hajjpy hunting groimds, where huckleberries grew,
the bad Indians falling oil' a log into a deep river.

In 1851, the Otchijiwas possessed 9,000 acres in Caradoc. At
Upjier Muucey or Colborne, at Old Munceytown, and at Hear Creek,
on the north line of the reservation, were their settlements. The
Munceys settled among the Otchij)was since the begimiing of the
present century, and shared in the i)resents annually nuide to the
Otchipwas, but not in the aiunial ]>ayment of £000. At U])i)er
Muuc(!y, John liiley was Chief and l'et(!r Jones was Methodist
Missionary. In 1840, llov. R. Flood was api)ointed Missionary at Old
Muucey, and later a church house was erected there. Logan was
Chief at this time.

The Otchii)was of the Thames, in 1871, numbered 470 ; ui 1881,
483, and in 1S87, 458. With the Munceys they occujiy the Caradoc
liesorve. The reserve is com]iosed of the best land in the Townsbij) of
Caradoc, and contains 12,095 acres. A very large jjroportion of the
waste land belonging to this band has been leased by the Department
to white farmers for a short term of years, under conditions of i)aying a
certain rental, and im])roving the land by clearing it, making good
fences and ditching. The work already done by these lessees has made
ji marked improvement. Agent Gordon, in his report of 1887. states :
" There are three schools u])on the reserve, all taught by Indian teachers.
The attendance at the.se schools is not so numerous as could be wished.
Indians are careless, and often inditVerent in sending their children to
school. The teachers state that they have done all in their power to
get the children to attend, but with indilferent success. The three
Indian teachers are very exemplary men ; one of them is head chief of
the band, another is chief of the Indians of Ontario, chosen at the last
meeting of the Grand Ciiuncil, and the third teacher was lately head
chief of the Munceys of the Thames. The new Council house upon
the Reserve is just finished, and appears to be a very fine building
indeed. It is built of brick with stone foundation, and is 60 by 35

COUNTY Ol' MIDDl.ESKX.

•21

feet. Much crtulit is »lui> to tlit! oontriictor lor tlic iiiamior in wliioh
Uu! work was dont!. Tiii; Church of Eii<,'luiicl iiiul tlit' Methodist Church
of Cmiiida hiivo iilso each a mission on this reserve. Dr. Sinchiir, of
Mclhdurne, is their nuMhcal adviser, ami ajipeiirs to he very attentive
to tlii'ni T\u' Mount Klyin Industrial Institution, iindi-r the al)l(3
inauiijieinent of th(^ llev. W. W. She|ilu'rd, e(tnt.inues to do j,'()od work.
The eliildren in school and in the workshojis un\ niakinj,' very j^t)od
proj^ross."

I ndhiiiH of IS/:.'. — The Council of I'ota'^wano, now I'oinL lylward,
was held about 177"). The (iuesti<in which tint Hritish ajjents )ilaced
before this Council, " Which should they help, Anu;rican or IJritish '."
was discussed. They had been in council six days, but could not
aj^ree, so that they sent for the j,'ri'at pro])het and chief of the llurons —
Weniekcuns. This chief was grimly j^rotes(iuo. Larj,'e and ))ower-
fuU as he was, I'rovidence endowed him with three noses or sets of
nostrils — a small nose on each side of tlu; centre one. On arriving he
ste])ped into the centre of the Council, and, addrti.ssing the warrior.s,
said: — " My l)rothers, the (Jreat S])irit tells me that we poor Indians
had best keep silence, for the Keshemokonion (Big Ivuifc, or
American), will drive us away beyond the Rocky Mountains. These
beautiful forests will not be our home. It may be you and I will be
gone to the hajjpy hunting grounds of our fathers, but the.se things
will surely come. The Americans fight for themselves and the British
for their King. The Americans are few, but thijy can fight for them-
selves, and have a great advantage; ; they will drive the English back
over the great waters, and will fight to the last. So there is no liojie
for us. liemain in i)eaco. The Great Spirit has spoken." This chief
was known to the eaily settlers along the river. lie reached the age
of 125 years and his wife 101 years, they being the parents of fifteen
children.

Border hicidents. — In I8];>, the Indians of the Western and
London Districts held a great council on the St. Clair iliver, at wliich
it was decided to c^iijiture and kill all American sympathizers on each
side of the river. A friendly s(|uaw gave the alarm, and the greater
number fled to Detroit; but King, an Englishman, who settled in
Canada, did not thiidv they would harm him ; but next day, he and a,
man named Kodd, husband of old mother Kodd, were .shot and killeil
— the Indians not a])proaching near enough to recognize; them as
Englishmen. AnioTig the savages engaged in this all'air were Old Salt,
Black Foot, Wa])oose (the medicine man), and Wawanosh, who died at
Sarnia about 1878. For those miscreants the British erected hou.ses in
1828 near Sarnia, building material and shingles being purchased from
Burtch, of Port Huron. At Marine City, and, indeed, along the
American bank of the St. Clair Iliver, the settlers suffered much during
the War of 1812-14. Families were marked out for Indian vengeance
by the British on account of the older boys being in the American

II18Tf)RY OK TIIK

army, and it wum crniiiuoii for n niotlirr iind \\ov rliilihcii to hidi! in the
willdw ^'I'ovcs for weeks. The tiajiedy at HuiKui's Creek, a few iiiilos
noiitli of I'oi't lluroii, piiiiils out the iiiaiiiier in which this war woa
condiietetl ill Western Canada A jiarty of fiv(i soIdierH started from
Fort (iraliot to row to Detroit. A eoni|iany of liuhaiis nmier Tawus,
ft (piartt-r-lireeil, was at this |>oint awaiting' them, and, when the sohliers
uppeared, lioisted a white ila^,' to decoy them. Tlie troops, unfortu-
nately, rowed toward the creek ; lint wiien close t<i tiie river hank, the
Indians opened (ire, kiUiiii; four of tlie men, ieaviii;,' th*; fifth to sink or
swim ill tile river. He saved iiitiiself, howi^ver, and, after many hard-
ships, n^tnriieil to l''ort (Iratiot The Indians made life alon^,' the border
.so uneiiduralile that all the families, except Mis. Harrow's, moved to
Canada, and swore allci,'iaiice to the Jhitish; Imt many returned alter
tliu defeat of I'ructor on the ThaJiies.

The half-lireed Miii,'ee coiimianded the Hidians during,' Major
Miilir's occupation of Detroit, or from the surrender of Hull to the
arrival of Harri.son. At times the Indian cajitain would he .so drunk
re;,'ular trooiis would iiave to rcmoV(( him. Whether drunk or .sober
his jiower over his dn.sky command was remarkable, and it is said that
Ma<,'ee's terrific yell (lie had a voice like a lion,) would i^'ather round
him all the savaj,'(!.s, as a l)Uj,de call would ;,'ather tlu* regular troops to
Mulir's quarters. Duriii;^ the year ending' in October, 1813, a: umber
of Americans were killed aloii"; the border, and it rc(|uiied the {^ntate.st
care and vif,'ilance on the Dart of the Hritish commanders to check the
Indians, as well a.s their wn troops, in their murderous designs on
border women and chilili\ i, who had moved into t'anacia, and taken the
required oath of allegiance. The original instruction to the savages to
annihilate the Americans was, however, carried out by them, as far as
it was jiossible. In 1812, and for years before, the Shanaway Indians
resided on Jiiy Bear Creek, making,' camps up that creek and the
Tliames, fnun March to October, and s]iending tla^ winters near I^ike
St. Clair. There were five sons, who were all Hritish warriors. One
of them named Megi.sh wa.s killed at Lundy's Lane by Ca])t. Che.sby
O'IMake, who was mate of a bri^' lyintj; at Newburyport, who, being
blocaded by the British, tied up his shij), and, with his men, joined
Scott's brigade.

Nimecancc, or Lightning, a son of Kioscance, served under Patrick
Sinclair, commander of the British garrison at Pine Uiver, now St.
Clair City, Mich. In 1817 this Indian was 105 years ohl, and still
attended to his corn fields, four miles .south of the Port Huron Cu.stora
House. He died about 1824, aged 112 years.

His father, Ki(),scance, was chief of the Otchipwas, in their wars
against the Wyandots .and Six Nations. His fleet was so extensive,
that it covered the old broad St. Clair from Point Edward to Walpole
Island. Nicholos Plane, chief of the Sarnia Indians, is a great
grandson of old Kioscance, His tribe was known as the Rapid Tribe,
whose village was about a mile north-east of the present town of Point

COUNTY OF MIliIUKSKX.

Eilwftnl, ]irior to tlicii rotiioval to Kurt (iriitiot, ftftor tlicir iiicursion
jiito the Kric country.

Okt'iuos, till! iit']tlu!W of Pontine, luul JihikI chief of the Otchipwiw,
WHS linin in Micliinan in 17t>H. In Inter years he [terfonned feiit.s of
valor Inr the Hrilish at hanihisky, wliieh won for liini the name of lH>ing
the j,'reatest warrior and cliief of his tribe. He, with Manito Corhay
and sixteen otlier warriors, was afterwards sent out l>y tlie British
Coinnumdant at Detroit to reconnoitre as far as tlie Uritisli rendezvous
at Saiuhisky. They andmshed a Jiarty of mounted American rifle-
men, hut sullered so terrihiy from tlie char)^(! which followed, that they
woul<i not join Teoiimseh in 1812. Ukemos died in 1858, with a name
known from Sandusky to Niaj,'ari and Detroit.

The half-bret'd, .lolin Uiley, who in early years resided at Tort
Huron, hut made his lionu! aloii^' the Thames, liear Creek, and Aux
Sauble, was a yreat hunter. One Sunday, while walking,' in the woods
with a hoy, he discovered a lar^e lo;^ in which some animal was livinj,'.
He .said to the hoy " Ahsiioin, ha.sha]iun" (Joiui, a rar^coon). Th(^ hoy
entered, but came out with j.;reat .spec'd, cryin;,' " Mo<,'uash, Mo^^uash"
(a bear, u Ix'ar). lliley drew his tomahawk, and when the bear's head
a])|)earcd buried the weapon in his brains, thus obtainin<{ 400 jtounds
of bear without intentionally breakinj.; the Sabbath, of which he pre-
tended to 1)0 a strict olwerver.

Kumekuinenon, oi Macompte, although residing; for years on the
western border of Lake St. Clair, e,\ercised much influence over the
Indians of Western Canada until 181G, when death relieved him of
power. His sons — one beariuL; the same name, and one Francis —
moved to Lakeville, Mich, in 18.!0. The latter, with Truckatoe and
Kanobe, was subscHpiently an im))ortant man until the westward
movement of the tribes. Kanobe moved to Canada in 1827.

Shignebeck, a son of Kioscance, was 109 years of a^e at his death
in the thirties. 0<,'otig, a dauj,'hter, lived to see 107 years; old
mother llodd, who died in 1870, on the Sarnia reservation, was 104
years old, while Onsha, a tliinl son of the chief, reached a very old aj^e.

Old Wittaniss was a sul)-chief amonj,' the remnant of the Hiirons
in 177t). About that time he assisted the British, and during the war
of 1812 was one of their Indian allies.

Tipsikaw, who left the St. Clair region for the west in 18o7, was a
brave of great speed and a celebrated wrestler.

Negig, an Indian Chief, who died in 1807, was one of the best
known Indians in the St. Clair District

Kislikawko, a desperate Otchipwa, served in the War of 1812.

Among the Indians who traversed this western section of Canada,
and, indeed, claimed parts of Michigan, were Black Snake and his son-
in-law Black Duck. Like the half-breed, John Kiley, they con-
sidered themselves Americans, but were friendly to the British Indians.
On one occasion, the Canadian Indians visited what is now Port
Huron, to hold a feast oi picnic. Whisky was plentiful, and with it

HISTOIIY OF rilK

III

they were el()((uent speakers. Ainoiir; the Brit'shers was a brave from
the Aiix Sinililes, who boasted of liis war career in 1S1L'-13, and told
the inuubei' of American scalps he had taken during the war. Black
iJiick lisUMK'd, and when the sjieaker had finished, addressed him thus :
" You are a great brave; you have killed many Americans; you have
taken their scalps. The Americans you killed were my friends, and
you will kill no more." Black J)uck buried his tomahawk in the
boaster's brain, and the feast ended. At this time and for years after,
the Indian wigwams were chinked with moss — some capable of shelter-
ing twenty jjer.sons. Deer was ])leiity : the present Nelson Beaver
killed over L',000 in his younger days, and often furnished London
with veni.son to su])[)ly all demands.

In March, 1828, a youth named I'etit set out from Port Huron
to search for an Indian hunting ]mrty, under Tawas, who were in
Canada all winter. Others had set out before this, but failed to meet
'J'awas. In this .search he was accompanied by one armed Indian, who
had, some years before, murdered his squaw, where Sarnia now stands,
and hid the body in I'lack liiver at Port Huron. The two proceeded
to Sebewaing, and, following the lake's Canadian shore, they reached
White llock. Next day they discovered Tawas and his band in a
sugar camp, which they had selected on {iccount of the stream close by
ailbrding plenty of fish. The Indians had a number of brass kettles
of various sizes, which had been ])resented to them by the British
Ciovernment. He purchased from them 500 marten skins, at one dollar
each, but did not buy the large quantity of coarse furs which the band
had collected.

A young Indian named John Seneca, of the Muncey tribe, was
induced to go to the United States during the war. There he was
compelled to enter the army, and was subsequently killed. His
father, Peter Seneca, believetl a resident of Mt. Brydges guilty of
leading his son away, and treasuring up revenge, attacked the young
man in September, 1870.

Ill April, 1887, the Hallelujah Band, of Moraviantown, visited
Munceytown, and on the 23rd, a similar band was organized there,
with Chief W. J. Waddilove, captain of the men, and Phcvbe
Waddilove, ca])tain of the women, with Peter Jones, lieutenant of the
first, and Frances Wilson, of the second band.

Nelson Beaver, chief of the Caradoc Reserve, was sixty years
eonnected with his tribe uj) to 1881. Among the agents of whom he
speaks highly were Kroome Talford, who succeeded Col. Clinch ; Agent
McKenzie followed Clinch, and in 1878 Agent Gordon took charge.
In 1881, the " order system" was roundly denounced, and ultimately
abolished. — (Vide Sketch of Nelsiyn Beaver.)

When Kobert Summers was keeping the old McFadden House, at
London, about 1849, an Indian approached I'rom York street, while the
chief, Nelson Beaver, came down from Dundas street. The two Indians
met at the corner, but Nelson's salutation was not understood, as

COUNTY OK MlliULKSEX.

•^o

Indian No. 1 i>roved to bo an Oneida. Ueuv(a' anid to him: — " What
are you sa)"..i<; ? You're a blacker Indian than 1 am, and yet you can't
speak Indi.m. You're a fool Can you talk anythiiii,' ?" The query
led to a quarrel ; Ijoth Indians took oil' their blanket rolls or budgets,
but the moment the <ir()uni<nitum ad hovdnem was to be made,
Beaver ]iicked uj) his roll, and, running over to the crowd on the hotel
piazza, cried out, "Didn't I fool that Indian, eh ? "

Indian Churches <ind Mifisionft.—Tho Missions of the Canada
Wesley.in Conference among the Indians were instituted in 1822, two
years l)efore the Missionary Society was formed at Grand Iliver, Brant
County, Out., with Kev. Alvin Tory, preacher. In 1828, a mission
among the Otchi))wes, Oneidas and Munceys of Caradoc and Dtdaware
was commenced, the membership being 15, increased in 1873 to 123.
Thomas Hurlburt was preacher from 1828 to 1833 inclusive ; Ezra
Adams, 1833-4; Solomon Waldron, 1835-40; Peter Jones, 1840-3;
with 1). Hardie in 1843 ; C. Flumerfelt in 1844; Sol Waldron, 1845 ;
Peter Jones, 184(i-48; Abraiii Sickles being assistant from 184;> to
1870, with the exception of a few years; SaMiuol D. llice, 1849;
Samuel Hose, 1850-5, with John SuJiday and A. Sickles, assistants ;
James MusgTOve, 185ti-62, with Chase, Sickles and Matt. Whiting,
assistants; Francis Berry and Sickles served from lStJ4 to 1866. In
1860, the IMount Elgin school was placed in charge of Reuben E.
Tup]ier, and the mission in charge of Peter German, both of whom
served until 1870 A year later, the school and mission work were
reunited, with James Gray in charge. He was succeeded in 1 872 by
Ephraim Evans and Allan Salt, who were the ])reachers in 1873, the
membershij) being then 141. The Muncey Indian Mission of the
Methodist Church of Canada was jiresided over from 1874 to 1880 by
Thomas Cosford. Allan Salt assisted in 1874; Samuel Tucker, in
1875-7; Abel Edwards, in 1878-80; W. W. Shepherd and A.
Edwards, in 1881-3, while Abel Edwards and W. W. Shepherd served
in 1884, at the time of the second Methodist union.

In early years the old Indians arranged many, if not all of the mar-
riages ; later the young warriors arranged matters with the girl, and
later still, even in this day, a system of jn-omiscuous living together
was introduced, not over one half of the number at present availing
themselves of the marriage ceremony. In fact, in Nelson Beaver's
early years, girls did not run at large ; but the matter of inter-soxual
honor has now almost disapjieared, and white children are also very
common.

Bev. Ezra Adams, of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, joined the
following natives in marriage during the years 1834-5 :

Lt
|e
Is
b

Sept. 1, 1834 — James Thomas, to Peggy; Seneca Jack, to Polly Beaver; Henry
Maskaiioorgaiiinl, to Eliza. Nuv. 12 — Tallmt Chief, to Margaret AVabesenasecpia.
Dec. 2 — James Tunkcy, to Mnrparot. Feb. IP, 1835 — George Peter, to Ohpetapowi|iia.
Feb. 1 — James E<;g, to Matilda (^iiawi. Feb, 1 — James Kewa(|uam, to Polly Ohnahpe-
wanoqua. Sej)t. 1, 1834 — John Maskanonge, to Jane Stagway,

HISTOKY OF THE

III

Tlie following record by Solomon Waldroii, minister of the Wea-
leyaii Methodist Church at Miinceytown, was made in 1836; David
Sawyer, being a witness in each case :

Jan. 3— Jolin Tomico, to Elizabeth Half Moon ; Isaan Dolson, to Electa Tipic
Rises ; Polly Quaitloop, to John Dolsou. Feb. 10 — Joseph Deertail, to Nancy Loon.
May 3 — Waginge Kond, to Nancy Caleb ; John Keaver, to Hannah Elmore ; John
ileaver, 2nd, to Eliza Kishekains. July 17 — John Quaitloo|), to Polly Hean.

Abram Sickles, an Indian minister, made the following returns
in October, 1850 :

May 14, 1848 — David Lunduff, to Margaret Shallo, of Delaware. Dec. 21 —
Daniel Ninhani, to Margaret Doxdater, of Delaware. Jan. 21, 1849 — Nicholas Nich-
olas, to Mary Ann Williams, of Delaware. Juno 17 — Bajxlist Sumner, to Nelly
Schegler, of Delaware. June 17 — Abram Schegler, to Susannah WillianiN, of Dela-
ware. June 19 — John Bread, to Mary Lsland, of Delaware. July 10 — Charles Bate-
man, to Mary A. Ewerren, of Caradoe. April 14, 1850 — Peter Alvarn, to Margaret
Andone, of Delaware. Oct. 13 — John Nicholas, to Margaret Elem, of Delaware.

His certificate reads as follows : — " I certify that the above mar-
riages were i)erfornied by me within the period included bi-tween the
first and last on the list; and that my not having made tlie returns
within a year after the first was solemnized, arose i'rom my gnorance
of the law — being an Indian and not long resident,"

The principal Munceys, who were members of the English Church
in 1847, were Henry C. Hogg, catechist; Mrs. Hogg, J. AV'ampum
(Kachnakaish), interpreter; Mrs Wampum, Ann Johnston (Ainhah-
wooky), Capt. Wolfe (Weirchawk), Phcebe Hank (Aishkunl.g), Mary
Hank (Tahtapenawh), David Hank, Abram Hoff, Win. Waddilove
(Shapaisli), John Smith, Mary Delaware (Waimlaish), Mos'js Shuyler,
Mary Wilco.x (Papatahpahnelaiky), I.)avid Bear (Maquah), Thomas
and Nancy Wahcosh.

In 1851, Rev. li. Flood was a})pointed to the Muncey Mission,
In 1859-60, Rev. A. Rotts presided over the EugLsh Church at
Munceytown. H. C. Hogg's name appears as an incorp :)rated member
in 1857. In 1861-2, Rev. R. Flood took charge ol this and the
Delaware Church. In 1865, Rev. H. P. Chase was a;>pointed over
St. Paul's, at Muncey, and St. John's, at Chippewa. In 1869, Zion
Church, of the Oneidas, was established. In 1885, Rev. A. G. Smith
took charge of the three Indian Churches.

The Oneida Methodist Mission was part of Muncey until 1871,
when William Cross was appointed preacher. The Oneida Indian
Mission of the Methodist Church of Canada succeeded the Wesleyan
Mission in 1874, with William Cross preticher. In 1877, Elisha
Tennant took charge; in 1879, Benj. Sherlock; in 1880-3, Erastus
Hurlburt, with A. Sickles; in 1884, E. Hurlburt at Muncey, with
John Kirkland and Sam, G. Livingstone at the College.

Mount Elgin Industrial Institution may be said to date back to
1845, when Peter Jones collected moneys in England and Scotland,

to
Ind,

TECUMSEH, THE SHAWAKEE CHIEF.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

and had his Indians contribute also. In 1847-8, the buildings were
er(>cted, and in 1849 the Institution was opened, with llov. Dr. Rice,
Su{)erintendent. Since that time the names of Methodist ministers,
connected with the Institution and Mission, are named in the history
of the Mission. In June, 1887, W. W. Sheplierd, present Principal,
reported favorably of this school.

Loyal Ordnge Lodges. — In connection with the churches and
schools, there are a few Loyal Orange Lodges, the members of which
ptirade on every 12th of .Tuly with band and regalia. As a rule, fire-
water is freely used on the occasion ; but the Lodges, after all,
compare very favorably with those of their white brethren. The
tribes have also an agricultural organization and an annual fair.

Indian Statistics. — On June 10, 1857, an act was assented to
])roviding for the gi'adual civilization of the Indians and the removal
of all legal distinctions between them and other subjects. The
expenditures on account of Indians in 1886-7 amounted to $53,604.90
for Ontario and Quebec; §6,038.01 for Nova Scotia; $6,049.08 for
New Brunswick ; $2,135.26 for Prince Edward Island ; $61,076.40 for
British Columbia; $1,072,397.67 for Manitoba and the North-west.
The tribes rej)resented now in Quebec and Ontario, with the receipts
credited up to June 30, 1886, are given as follows : Otchipwas of
Sarnia, $200,755.87 ; Otchipwas of Thames, $77,332.61 ; Munceys of
Thames, $2,805.09; Oneidas of Thames, $662.89; Moravian." of
Thames, $167,018.70 ; Pottawattimiies of Walpole Island, $6,806.90 ;
Otchipwas of Walpole Island, $74,648.60 ; Batchewana Indians,
$4,468.40 ; Otchipwas of Beausoleil, $59,748.80 ; Otchipwas of Nawash,
$367,753.08 ; Otchipwas of Hand, $54,895.44 ; Otchipwas of Saugeen,
$289,852.91 ; Otchipwas of Snake Island, $25,972.61 ; Fort William
band, $14,148.28 ; French River band, $928.67 ; Garden River Indians,
$36,761.85; Henvey's Inlet Indians, $7,561.05; Lake Nippissing
Indians, $29,829.50; Manitoulin Indians (unceded), $2,53036;
Maganetewans, $582.57 ; Mississaugas of Alnwick, $80,0;i3.84 ;
Mississaugas of Credit, $120,423.49; Mississaugas of Rice Lake,
$22,831.04; Mis.sissaugas of Mud Lake, $38,231.38; Missis-saugas of
Scugog, $11,895.69; Mis.sissaugas of Bay of Quinte, $134,924.98;
Ojibbewas and Ottawas of Manitoulin, $117,794.94; Ojibbewas of
Lake Huron, $61,357.59 ; Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, $50,917. 64;
Ojibbewas of the Missisisauga River, $4,695.49 ; Parry Island Indians,
$45,365.26 ; Serpent River Indians, $3,004 ; Six Nations, $915,988.30 ;
Shawana<j;a band, $8,691 ; Spanish River Indians, $3,058; Thessalon
River Indians, .^13,278.91 ; Tootoomenai and band, $963.30 ; White-
fish River Indians, $3,939.46; Wyandots of Anderdon, $24,969.17;
Abenakis of St. Francis, $4,158.36; Abenakis of Becancour, $1,279;
Amalecites of Isle Vest and Viger, $5,799 ; Golden Lake Indians, $21 ;
Hurons of Lorette, $26 ; Irociuois of Caughnawaga, $8,271 ; Iroquois of
St. Regis, $31,271 ; Lake St. John Indians, $1,397 ; Lake of Two

HisTouY OK Tin;

Moutitaina Indiiuis, .S1,2C0 ; Mississaugas of Uiipcr Uttiiwn, i*3,041,
and Kivor Desert Indians, 340,:i79.

The territory oviir wliich the supervision of Indiaii all'aira extended
in liSGU, consisted of what is now enilmxced in the I'rovinces of Ontario
and (i)iieV)ec, wliich tlien conijiosed thi; old Province of Canada. The
Department now exercises control of Indian niiitti;rs from the I'ro-
vinces of Prince Edward Island and Xova Scotia, on the Atlantic, tti
British Columbia, on the Pacific Ocean.

The nunil)er of Indians who, according; to the Report for the year
1863, were then under the care of the De]iartment, was 19,181. The
census return.s published with this rejHirt show that the Indians of the
Dominion of Canada nundier approximately 128,000 souls. The
number of reserves occupied by the various bantls of Indians of the
old Province of Canada in 1862 was fifty .six. In the .seven ]iro-
vinces, and in the Nf»rth-west Territories, and in the district of Kee-
watin, there are at the present time 1,147 Indian reserves ; while in
British Columbia additional reserves are being assigned to the; Indians
of that province, as the work of the Commissioner appointed to allot
the same proceeds.

According to the report for the year 1863, then; were thirty schools
in operation for the instruction of the Indian chihlren. In 1887 there
were 198 schools in operation.

Indian Trails. — In the days when Ontario was solely in pos-
session of the native tribes, well defined routes of travel existed
between their several noted summer camps, as well as between their
winter towns. There were several practicable routes for the traders
to reach the upper lake region. The original and best known one was
by the Ottawa Kivcr, Nippissing and Georgian Bay, which, though
long and hazardous, was the princi])al channel of intercourse between
Western Canada and the Lower St. Lawrence ; the secoiul was by
the Trent Biver to Lake Simcoe ; the third was from the ])re.sent site
of Toronto to Lake Simcoe ; the fourth \vas from the head of Lake
Ontario, the Grand Kiver to Lake Erie and (La Tranclu'(>) Thames
River to Lake St. Clair, and the fifth by Niagara. The latter route
was seldom chosen, owing to the savage character of the New York
Indians, as well as the rough character of the route. So soon as
Upper Canada was organized for the purjio.ses of Government, two
great highways were established — Yoiige and Dundas streets; and
from this beginning the modern system of roads spread out.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSF.X.

CHAITER III.

OCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENT.

I by

iite
.ake
,nie»
oute

'ork
as

two

and

nctroHpifdltni. — Wlnni tlic y)ioneeri came for tlio Fii'st tiino to tin;
Indiati canij) <,'nmii(I.s aloiig tlio Tliaiiu's, tlioy beholtl spreatl out bcfoio
them, as far as their vision could reitch, one of nature's most beautiful
panoramas — a land wiiich f,'ave jn'omise, tIir()U<,'h the perfection of its
natural resources, of a future that f-inne day wonld become excellent
in every detail of civilization, if not celebrated in the annals of
history. That condition, tium so tiimly foreshiulowetl, has at last
been realized. Scarcely eighty years havt; ])asscd by, and the scen(!S
that then held the forms of the wilderness, now mov(i onward to the
notes of the plowman's whistle, the faithful call of domestic animals,
the constant whirling sound of busy machinery, the shrill iKttes of the
locomotive, the laborer's song, and school children's hap]iy shouts.
Less than eighty years ago wild flowers bloomed in countless
profusion and variety on these lands, and the sons of civilized life
had scarcely invaded the precincts of the great wilderness ; now
all is changed. The whole country teems with the fruits of industry
and jieaci!, and thousands of hap])y families dwcdl in hajipy homes.
What a marvellous transformation! The country is aged already,
so precocious has been its development.

Fird ScUlcmciits in flic (aunfi/. — Who were those white
travellers who fu'st entered the forests to carve out a home :* They
were Americans, driven from their country Ijy the sentimcTital
grievance which the new liepublic created. In the dee]) Canadian
woods they had time for reflection, and, within a decade after
settlement, their studies took shape, and again they are fouml
among the soldiers of the Union they once deserted.

l)i;laware is credited with the first settlenuMits made, in what
now constitutes Middlesex County. Ethan Allan (son of Elienezer),
and -lasj)er Crow (his brother-in-law), two Americans, who fled from
their country rather than serve it, located their gardens iilong the
Thames, and for some years resided there. During those years
the glory of the young Republic floated as a vision before them, so
that when the Union re([uired new troops for a new war, Allan and
Crow were among the very first to answer the ciOl. In 1812, Allan
bid farewell to his Canadian home forever, and was followed by
Crow, who left his wife and family the fanu which he had improved. *

Ebenezer Allan, to whom Governor Simcoe gi-antcd 2,2U0 acres,
in Delaware, in 1793, for his services in leading the Indians against

* The story of the two men, and of the father's motley family, belongs to the history of
Delaware Township, where it is given.

HISTOKY 01' TIIK

the AiiR'nciuiH, in 177rt-8I, sold, within sRvon yours, his jimnt for
£.'i,0(IO, and Delinviiii' cnlorcMl on its ciircer of jn'osperity. In 1797,
tho Sprin^'ors canic, followed by th<' Woodlmlls in 1798, and then ii
steady tide of ininiipation tilled llie county.

The first settlement of (he t^aslern townships was made in 1794,
the followiiij,' letter yivinj; the story of the jiioneers : —

1n(;kiinoj.i., Nov. T), 1888.
Mr. WilUnm MtClarii : — Your card received, and in reply, as William is a noted
name, I will give you Nonie faints. My grandfather's name was William Reynolds.
Ho and Major Ingersoll, who was a resident of New York, came to Canada in 1773
(1793), and applied to Governor Simcoe, who resided at Niagara, for a grant of land in
the Township of Dorchester, to my grandfather, and in Oxford to Mr. Ingersoll, pro-
viding each would cause lifty settlers to come into the township ; and the following
year moved into Dorchester, whicli would be 1774 {17!)4). He was not alile to get the
required number of settlors. Tho (iovernor withdrew his offer and gave my grand-
father 1,000 acres, and each of his children 200 acres He then had live boys and two
daughters. Tho same year my father was married to Sarah Stevens, of Burford, and
settled in the township next his father, and heliied to build a saw-mill near where a
flouring-mill (Cartwright's) now stands. At that time there was not a white man,
save his employes, in the township. My brother David, who now lives in Potrolea,
was the first white child born in Dorchester. Mr. Seth Putnam moved into the town-
ship six years later. It would take me several days to give a full history of the hard-
ships, they being surrounded by Indians camps ; would further say I now hold the
old crown deed to my grandfather, and I know these dates are true.

Yours, very truly,

J. S. REYNOLDS.

Oiliai' Prominent Sciflcis. — Tiiere is another ])ioneer of this
district whose namt! finds mention in almost every cha])ter of the
general history of Middlesex. His advent to, and life in, the Erie
country — mysterious and eccentric — seems like a ])rovision of
Providence ; for it required just such a character to win from the
impoverished hearths of Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland, the
hone and sinew able to co])e with the wild country, which he determined
to open up. Thomas Talbot, born at Malahide, Dublin Co., Ireland,
in 1771, was Colonel in the 24th British Kegiment at Quebec, in 1790,
and in 1791 was a))pointed aide-de-camp to Governor Simcoe. In the
latter's letter of Feb. 11, 1803, he states that young Talbot accompanied
him into Upper Canada as his confidential secretary. Four years after
this (1795) he was ordered home to join the oth Kegiment in Flanders.
Simcoe recommended him to Lord Hobart, Secretary of the Colonies,
and begged for him 5,000 acres of land, as a resident field oflicer, to be
located in Yarmouth Township, and the remainder of that township to
he reserved for him, and granted to him at the rate of 200 acres for each
family he may locate thereon — 50 acres to be given to such family,
and 150 acres held by him.self. The Governor stated that young
Talbot's ])]an was to introduce himself to the body of Welch and
Scotch, who arrived in New York in 1801, and win them over to
coloni/e Yarmouth, as well as to help him in the cultivation of hemp,
for which the township was so well adapted. The recommendations of

COUNTY OK MIDULKSKX.

|ucs,
be

IP ^^
jach

)ung
land
IV to
[iinp,
jsof

Sinicoe were curried out, find fiirlhor <Tnuits of 618,000 iicros made,
but South Yarmouth, haviu<,' hitherto been jiuroliased by Col. Jamos
liaby, and tlio north [.art by the Canada (.'onipany, Talbot failtiil to
obtain his first selection. He came, nevertheless, and located at I'ort
Talbot, Dunwich Township, May 21, 180;^, where he felled the first
tree that day. Lonj,' l'i)int, (JO miles eastward, was the nearest settle-
ment. He was accomjxinird by (}(M)r<,'e Crane; six years later came
John Pearce, Hackus or liackhouse, Airs. Story, and Col. L. I'atterson
(from I'ennsylvania), who, in 1810, were joined by \Vm. Davi.s, Daniel
RajK'l<,'e, Moses liice, Henj. Wilsctn, John Mandevilie, and in 1809 by
the Burwells. Col. Tallmt observed the terms of his <,Tant clo.se ly ;
but out of the 150 acres of every 200 ^'ranted iis bonus for jilacing a
family on the quarter of .50 acres, he was willing' to sell 100 acres for
£C) Os. 3d. The jioint cho-sen by him for a house is less than eifjht
miles westward of the heiyhls at I'ort Stanley. As is related in the
history of London, he, next to Lm'd Kdwaid Fitztjerahl, was anion},' the
first En<,dish-speakin,2 e.xjjlorers of the di.strict, of which London is the
commercial centre.

In spoakini,' of this location, and its mo.st distinguished owner, Mr.
Grant says : — " From the lookout at I'ort Stanley we can discern, seven
or eifjht miles westward, Talbot Creek, and the s])ot where this military
hermit renounced the world of rank and fasliion, and entered the
wilderness, tin re to abide with brief inlijrmission for nearly 50 years ;
the sjxjt also where, after a stormy life, he now ])eacefully lies, listening
to the lapping of the lake waves upon the shore. Talbot was two
years younger than Arthm- Wellesly, the future Duke of Wellington,
and while still in their teens, tin? young ottieeis were thrown much
together as aides to Talbot's next relative, the Manpiis of Buckingham,
then Viceroy of Ireland The warm friendship thus formed was ke])t
uj) to the end of their lives by correspondence and 1)}' Col. Talbot's
secular visits to Ai)sley House, where he always found Wellington
ready to back him against the intrigues of the Canadian Executive.
Through Simcoe's influence Talbot obtained, in 1803, a townshif) on
the shore of Lake Erie; the original demesne grew in half a century to
a principality of about 700,000 acres, with a jmjmlation of 75,000 souls.
There was an arcadian simplicity about the life of these pioncicrs. The
title-deeds of the farms were mere pencil entries by the Colonel in
his township maps ; traiisfers were accom])lished by a rubber and
more pencil entries. His word of honor was suOicient, and their con-
fidence was certainly never abu.sed. The anniversary of his landing
at Port Talbot, the 21st of May, was erected by Dr. Rol])h into a gi'eat
festival, which was long kejit up in St. Thomas with all honor.
Hnmediately after this brief respite the hermit would return to his
desolation, in which there was an odd mixture of aristocratic hauteur
and savage wildness. The acquaintances of earlier life fell away one
by one, and there were none others to fill the vacancies. While cre-
ating thousands of happy firesides around him his own hearth remained

rvj

IIISTOUY OF TIIK

•lesiiliitv. Coiupassinn was iiftoii fiilt for liis loiu^liiiess; liis ii(q>lu!W,s,
OIK! of tlicrii iiflciWiinl-t ( iL'iiiMiil Lonl Airev, of (Jriiiiciin fume, attciiiplcHl
to Hliart; his .soliLiulc, Itiit in vain. Then liis oiio faitlifiil servant,
.)(!tlrcy, died. Thu ri'dusc liaii siicoeiuled in creatin;; aruinxl liini an
absoliih! Void, for no ncronnt is Uikvn of tli(! birds of prey tlial hovered
uhoiit. Welhii^'ton, his first eoniiiunioii and last of his friends, was
liorne to his loinli in the crypt of St. I'anl's, amid all the iiiii|;iiili('ent
woe of a State funeral. Tiiree nioiilhs later poor Talltot also died. It
was the depth of winter and liitterly cold. In the ]>ro<,'ress of the
remains from London, where Ik^ died, to the (piiet nook hy tlu; lake-
shore, the deceased lay all nij^iit, ne,L;leeted and forsakcin, in tlu^ barn
of a roadside inn. * « * What was the mystery in this lonely
man's life ;• » * * Charlevoi.x's de8crij)tion of this Erie shore had
cast a spell upon him."

Duriiii,' till! Talliot era the way.s of the country were ja'iiuitive
ijideed lie maintained a peculiar rule Xu one was eonsiden^d by
him his e(|ual, and the settlers who hail f,'athered round his woodland
castle were as unfamiliar with him alter forty years' ac((uaintance.ship
as at its bej^inninj; New men, howevcir, came on the .scene, and
innovations on feudal cu.stoms were spoken of. Men came to work
amid the foiests — not to bow to another man. A new system was
•gradually built up, and within a few years a boily of independent
yeomen had their own society and constitutions without considtinj,' the
hermit Colonel. Thomas Meek, the iii^'ht turnkey of the county Jail,
who canu! to reside in Port Stanley in I81.S, relates "that dininj,' mid-
winter and Clnistmas Wuw, ht^ had often yoked in the oxen, and on a
rouj^h ' bush-whacker' slei<,'h, had taken half-a-dozen farmers' dauj,'h-
ters anil their sturdy sweetlie;iri ; for a ride over tlie rouj^h forest road.
The.s(! were oeeasions for the outburst of uniisual hilarity, and the ^drls
lauu;heil as loudly as their lun<,'s jjcrniitted, without the slightest fear
(jf disturbin<,' the nearest settler, several miles away. And if .lack
Chop]ier did squeeze Mary itakei', and perhajis <^et a ])hilopena on the
•firl next to him, nobody taikeil about it, or thonnJit any the less of
either .lohn or Mary, in another cabin, that looked out upon nothing
}jul leafless tn.'es, the old scittler took down the thund)-niark(!d family
Hible, and read tlu^ story of our Saviour's birth in the little Nazarene
village, but beyond this, necessity limited their festivities to the
minimum."

It is said that on account of the absence' of the annual almanac,
.some of the old settlers actually forgot the days of the month, and
either let Christmas slij) by without knowing it, or celebrated the event
in the middle of J)ecendjer or away along in January. But who could
blame them if they did ^ " Why, we didn't care a fig about the day
of the week or month," said this silver-locked old ])ioneer, " and the
wolves howled around the hou.se as loudly on Clnistmas Eve as any
other night in the year What we wanted was to get these big trees
out of the road, and then go in for fun and keeping track of dates

(JOIJNTY or MIDKI.KSKX.

jiftorwivnls. When Loiuloii, or ' Tlu! Koik.s,' as if wiis then nailed,
liad a.ssiniu<(l all (lit! im|inrtaiic(' of ti village, |iaroiitH, Itciil on llu; |mr-
cliaso of soiiu! toy to Mil tlic lioiiic-inatlt! stookinj,' of tlu; littli! <,'irl.s and
linys, thron^'tMl Uit! coiiu'i' stort! ami tint Coiiil House siiuare with the
same enthusiasm Ihal they oiowd Dnndas and Jiichniond streets fo-day.
It was, iti faet, a j^reat nij^ht anionj? the villa,i,'ers, and, in Westminster
and London townsliijis, was looked ujxin as the best time in the year
for a rollicking jiarty. Ami (hose were partii^s of (he real old i)rand,
too."

Squire Matthews, in his reference to London, slates that Dennis
O'lirien kept a little low huilding where. D'Mara ISros hud their ])ork
]»ackery on West Dundas street, in ISSl ; whih; ]Me(Jre','or kej)t an
equally small tavern close by. (Jeo. (lotidhue, altout this time, had a
small store on the 1st {Concession of Westminster ; and there was also
an asliery and dry goods store. Uefore those houses were established,
the s(!ttlers luul to go to Five Stakes, ni'iir St. Thoma.s, to Hamilton's
store, on Ketth; Creek, when; he made them pay 7") cents per yard for
factory cloth. Wheat was only worth 37.1 cents jier bu.shel, and for
it they would receive goods or black salt, but no cash ; there was no
cash. This black salt was made out of lye and ashes. Mr. Mat-
thews made tons of it, burning uj) hjg jiiles on pnrjioso to obtain
ashes This was hard work, but necessary to obtain cash, as cash was
necessary to liuy leather and .salt. When thiiV hail a barrel ready they
Avonld .start for Keith; Creek with wagon and oxen; a trip that occupied
thirty hours then, if they did not camp out at night. Crossing the
Thames was a dangerous jiroceeding even then, and the Sipiire has
seen oxen, wagon, liarrels and driver swimming that river.

I'lDiicir xMdiln — Danicd Siainger settled in Delaware in 1797,
and soon after was ai>]iointed jiostmaster, this being the only otlice
between Sandwich anil ]3urford, or in a distance of IGO miles. In
1810, an oOice was established at McCregor's Creek, Chatham, with
Wm. McCrea, master. Two Frenchmen, the Souggnay brothers,
strong and very energetic men, carried the mail from Sandwich to
Toronto once a month, while Wni. McGuftin, a short Irishman,
carried the mail from Delaware to Lnrford Mail for We.'stniinster or
London had to Ix; called for at Delaware; but about lS2o mail
(news))a})er) was left at Nathan Gi'itlith's Hotel, in Westminster.
I'rior to the establishment of the London otlice, Capt. Thomas
Lawra,son kept the oflice in his small store, 120 rods east of the
bridge, on the London and Byron road ; then came Ira Scolield, who
was the first postmaster at liondon. John Harris filled the otKce
later during (Joodhue's susjiension. In these old times a ])ayment of
six shillings was often demanded for the delivery of some loving
message from beyond the oci'aii, while smaller sums were charged for
letters from America, as the settlers then styled the United States.

The postmasters in 1831 were Charles Berczy, at Amherstburg ;
Joseph Defried, of Hayham ; Geo. Goodhue, of London ; John

IIIHTOUY OK TIIK

Hostwick, of Tort Stanley ; K. I- Walsli, of Vitfoiia, ami It. MirKctiiiy,
of Yaniioiitli. Tlui mtca of postaj^c were four and a-lialf pcnco, not
exct'filiiii,' (>') iiiilf'^; stiveiipciicc, not cxct'cdinj,' 10(1; iiiiu'pt'nco, not
excL't'din^' "JOO, and twoju'iic" f<ir every additional 100 miles.

In 18:!'.», .1. 1'. I'.i'llair.s was iiostniaster at Andens, where one mail
was received every week; J. It. McKni^dit, at ISayliain; W. Merij,'(»ld,
at Heaehville; VV. VVhiteliead, atl'.nrrord ; Wilsoii Mills, nt iKdawaru ;
Wni. Sparlini,', at KklVid ; d. Matlie.son, at Miidiro; K. Hrown, lit
Kateville ; (I. J. ( loodliue, at London; !. Ailanison, at Medillivray;
A. Meyer, at MrKillo|); N. Ka^des, at Middletown ; (r. (lilihs, ut
Mosa; Thomas Wallace, at Norwich; J. II. Cornell, at Otterville; C
In},'er.-<ull, at Oxford ; John I'urwell, at Port Hnrw(dl ; A. Jenkins, at
I'ort Dover; J. Hostwick, at I'ort Staidey ; M. IJurwtdl, at Tort
Talhot; J. (.'o wan, at Princeton; E. Erniatini,'(!r, ut St. Thomas; I).
("am]il)ell, at Sinicoe ; .F. N. Daly, at Stratford; .IoHe]ih I'atter.son, at
Tyrooniiell ; Thoii\as Jenkins, at Vienna; S. MeCall, at V'ittoria ; A.
MoClellan, at Walsin<,diam ; (J. It. Nixon, at Warwick; T. S. Short, at
Woodstock,

/.i>ii(li>i> X(i(jlib(trliiiii(l ill tS/S. — Thoma.s Web.ster, writini,' from
Newhiiry, Dec. 5, 1878, .sjieaks of London as he saw it sixty years
before, thus: — " In the summer and fall of 1818 the jpeopleeomnKJiired
crcssing the river a hall'-mihi litdow tlui Forks, hy mean.s of a canoe
ke])t by one Montaj^Ui;, or by ibrdiii;.,' when the water was low. The
travellers would halt at Montaigne's Kiat.s afti'rwards called Kent's
Flats (we.st of the North liranch), to refresh them.selves and their
cattle. The forest alon<,' the banks had a .i,'rand and iinjiosing appear-
ance, and especially so on a fine evening when the .setting sun cast its
mellow rays on the dee]) green foliage of the trees on the elevated
landscape, or on the tinteil leaves of every hue, in the fall of the
year. At such times the scene was grand beyond the povvisrs of des-
cription. The writtir ,sat down at his first London cam]) fire in com-
pany with his father's fannly and Thomas Htdton, March 18, 181 '.t, on
the Towidine between the Gore of London and Dorchester, nor far
north of where tli(( (Jrand Truid< It. It crosses the briilge at the Town-
line road. 1 visited the Town ]ilot in (piest of game, and llu^ Forks
in quest of fish. The ground on which the city is now built, was then
covered with a dense, dark forest ; north of Dundas street, and in somn
places south of it, was a thick jiinery. Hehind wluire the old barracks
were built, and on the; rising land i\orth of the old fair grounds, and olV
the little stream, then called Phiglish's Creek, which runs into Lak(^
Horn, was a heavy growth of oak, intvple, and beech ; while down
in the direction of the railroad station was hard wood mixed with ])ine ;
more esi)ecially .so to the east. In the vicinity of Strong's hotel was a
narrow, deep, swamp, running toward the old tanneries west of the
railroad station. In some i)laces the small brush wood stood very-
close and was covered with creejiers and vines, often yiresenting a very
annoying obstruction to the eager hunter. Along the banks of both

COUNTY nK MIDDI.KSKX.

rivers tlio wild pluin, Imwtliorii, cnili-iiiiiilc, luid ^'rapt', <,'ri'\v in iilumd-
uiico. Tlif waters wen; literally swanniiij; witli (isli, and the cdilit's
were ol'lcii ruvtMcd with wild ducks. In tlm Iniisli niii^'lit lie Iieard
the (hiiniinin;^ lA the piirtridiie, the calls of the tnaj^'nilicenl wild turkey,
<ir low lireatliinj,' ot the tiiuifl deer nr less welconu) j^rowlinj,' of tl»!
black boar, tho soreecibiii;,' of the wild cat, tlm hooting of owls, and the
terrific howlin;,' of packs of ravenous wolves, whose uidiariuonious
chorus i're([Uently made ninht hideous. Tlit; Indians in lar},'(! nuiuliers
used to encanij) at the folks of the river. They iiavij,'ated the rivers
with their Itark canoes, and roamed thron^^h the forest. London and
its sinrouniiini^'s was then and bad been for j,'enerations, the Indian's
favorite hunting' ^rounil ; but a (ihan^'e was at band. The |ioor red-
man and his family had now about nine years ^'racit. The white man
was to come with his axe, and the foiost about the Forks, as well as
at other jilaces, was to melt away likti snow; the <,'ame to depart, and
the whole scene to ehan^'c. Lonj,' lines of liuililinj,'s now raise their
stately fronts where then stooil the wij,'wam, and where the primeval
forest thoti towenul ; busy men riud women with ]>ale lathes now
traverse the streets. Then! th(( Indian then tracked his j,'aine throu;,'b
the deep woods amid silence and .solitude; but ntiw he, too, like the
deer, has nearly vanished trom the land."

The Court House and Gaol, at Vittoria, near l.onj; Point, haviu<i
been destroyed by fire, it was thouj,'ht desirable that the new buil(lin<,'s
should be erected in a more central ])osition. The di.strict was very
large, London beinj,' nearly the central jioint between it,<i eastern and
western boundaries, a strugi^de for the location of the new buildin«,'s
here commenced. Mayor .Scliofied, Kdward Allan, Tall>ot and others
jiushed the claims of London, and won. A considerable portion of
the town plot, at the fork.s, was inimedialely surveyed into half \u:\v.
lots, to be granted free tf) all mechanics who wonlil clear oil' the lot,
and erect thereon a frame house 1S.\L'4 feet, oiu' and adialf story
high. Mr. Mcdregor ]iut uji the first house; others followed, and
within a few weeks a small frame house was built, for court-room and
prisim, and the first court held therein in January, 1S27.

A Wolf Story. — In other pages reference is made to the bunting
ex])loits of .[Abraham I'atrii^k, ami other pioneers, as well us to the
Indian hunters. Hero, however, is given a ((uaint story of an
adventure with a wolf, by men who were not hunters, and knew
comparatively little of the wild animals which then iidiabited the
forests. Hiram Dell tells the following story: — "I caught another
very large wolf about half a mile back in the woods, and lie brought
the trap clear uj) to the barn, but being unable to climb the fence, he
sought shelter under a log-heaj), where I found him. I called to a
neighbor to bring his traj) and dogs, as I had a wolf in a log-heap. He
and other neighbors, with their wives, were soon on the ground to see
the fun. One neighbor set his trap, and, crawling into the log heap,
placed it on one of the wolfs feet ; then the animal was drawn out.

31)

IlISTOUV OK TIIK

li 1!

Till! (l()<,'.s iittackcil him, iiiid it would have done you <^nod to see the
fur ily. When the wolf liiid one doi,' down the olher two were on his
hack. He would then let the under do<4 j^o, and take another one
ilown ; still, the do^^s had the advantage, as then; were three of them,
and the wolf had two trap.i attaclu'd to him. After awhile the wolf
laid down, and when the doj,'.s would come near ho would snap at
them, ^ly neij^hbor said, ' I will .^oon fix him so he cannot bite the
do<.!s!' and, jfettin<> a stick, jilaced it on the wolfs neck, so as to f,'ive
the doL,'S a cliance to take liim by the throat, in doini; this the stick
broke, and the neij^hbor fell witli Ins head on the woir.s head. IJoth
were terrified. The ni'ijihbor'.s wifi-'s scream scared the wolf, and,
I icrhajis, the husband, fur he mad(! the iiLstest mo*' in <,'ettiiiu away
he was ever known to make in his lift;. 1 iiiuimately .shot the
animal, which stood three feet hi;.;h, and weighed over one hundred
](ound.s."

Ciilttvvd Si'tllers and Visifovfi. — The Wilherforce Colored Colony
was located near Lucan, in the thirties, by friendly Quakers of Uhio,
and thenceforward Canada became the Mecca of the .slaves. The .settle-
ment of r('fu;j;ee slaves along the Thames, from London to Lake .St. Clair,
dates baci. to 1S49, when tin; underground railroad was first conceivcid in
the United Stales. Uetween the years I.S5G and LSoO, this remarkable
railroad, without rails, conducted large numbers of negroes into this
western district. It is related that in January, l.sr>!», the famous John
Brown .set out for Canada with twelve refugee slaves, and on March 12,
that year, arrived here with them, three or foui' of whom reside still
along the Thfimes. During the trip from l^lissouri, the famous
abolitioni.st had many ad\enture.s, one of which, known as "The
Haltle of the Spurs," gave Ih'own a decisive victory.

A Refugee Cliai)el and Alms Hou,<e were establisluid \t London by
the Colonial Society, of which the Jlev. 1. Hellmuth had charge, avd
by olher melhuds the ])lan of driving the States to civil war was for-
wardiid here ; whilt; the refugees wen; fairly tniated.

./(*///(. Bvoivii <if Lirndoii. — In jNIay, 1858, John Brown, with his
aliolition lieutenant.s, T. H. Kagi and A. 1). Stevens, resided in
Canada, j)assing their leisure hours at London or Hamilton, and their
working hours at Chalhani,— drafting the eon.slitution of their ])ro-
]io.sed ])rovisional government for the United Slates Toward the
clo.se of tlie month, an abolitionist, then in Congrciss, advised Ih'own
that liis ]tlans were all exposed, and he at once returned to Kansas.
About this time, I'at Devlin, of Mi.ssouri, ai>])lied the term Jdi/lunvks
to Blown and his followers, and the name soon came into general use.

Early Marrlaijc Lan's. — Among tiu; aborigines, prior to the
coming of the French, and among the tiibes which did '•;'.- at once
become associated with the religion of the gr(!at missionary fathers,
marriage was a simple atlair— the dusky maiden flying to the wigwam
of hor lover from her parent's lodge. Wherever the llecollet or the
Jesuit had established a Mission, the case was changed, for both the

COUNTY Ol- MIUULKSEX.

his
in
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nvo-
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Isiis.
loks
lise.
the
nee
[ors,
I'ain
the
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red and white peojilu witliin range felt the; necessity of religious
ceremony. In July, 1620, the first marriage ceremony, that of
Guilluume Couillard, to Ciuillmet llehert, was recorded in the first
register of the first French Parish. On Oct. 7, 1 037, -Iccan Nicolet
married Margueritt' Couillard, at Quehec, a daughter of said Guillaurae
and Guillmet Couillard.

In later years, when the British obtained ])ower here, the
regimental cha])lain was looked U])on 1)y the troops and I'rotestant
settlers as the jtroper ])erson to administer the ceremony; but the
chajjlain was not often ))resen(, and so the duty d<ivolved on one of
the olHcers of the garrison. This was the rule at the Niagara Post,
and, indec'l, wherever the Hritisli troops fornuid a garrison. Simcoe's
Parliament, held at Newark (Niagara), in J 7'.)o, took cognizance of
^his state of atfairs, and ])as3ed a law to viilidate all such marriages.
At this time there was not one Protestant clergyman (in what is now
Ontario), so that this act confirmed all marriages performed by
magistrates, colonels, adjutants, or regimental surgeons. At this time,
also, ]iersous living farther away than eighteen miles from a Ciiurch of
England minister, were jiermilted to apjily to a neighboring .lustice of
the Peace, who would, for a one shilling fee, give ])ublic notice of the
intended mamage, and then unite the couple according to Clnu'ch of
England form. In 179S, ministers of the (.'hurch of Scotland,
Lutheran or Calvinist Church, were allowed to celebrate. Such
ministers were bound to ii])]iear before six magistrates to prove their
ordination, and take the oath of allegiance, before they could solemnize
marriage, and were fuither re(|i'.ired to have one of the parties to the
mairiag(! prove that he or she was a member of his ] 'articular church
for six months j)rior to date set foi' the marriage cercMuony. This act,
as well as that of 17'.'3, ^irovided for the rec(jrd»of all marriag(;s with
the Clerk of the Peace ; but evidently made the Church of England
its own reconler. In 1821, marrying without the jjublicatiou of
banns, wns made a criminal olTence.

In 18;! I another act was approved, providing for the confirmation
of marriages performed uj) to that time by magistrates, military (jllicers
or clergymen, who acted unihsr authority of the former acts. The early
system is fairly exemjilified by the following formal document, bearing
date Ajiril 8, IH'2'.>, which tcdls the interesting little legend : — " Whereas
Alphonso ^IcKniglit, of tlie Township of Woodham, and jMargaret
Standon, of the Township of Middleton, are desirous of intermarrying
with each other, and there being no ])arson or minister of the church
within eighteen miles, &c., &c., I declare them legally joined, &c."

An account of the marriage of Thomas Carling, adbrds another
good exani])le of the legal requirements of ])ioneer time. In October,
1X20, this settler introduced to his new home, Margaret, daughter of
Thomas Itoutledge, of the saine township as his wife. Previous to
the consunnuation of this interesting ceremony, notice of a novel
<5haracter had been given. There were no marriage licenses readily

HISTORY OF THE

li:

ll'!

ill

obtainable in tbeso days, and the bond was written on paper and
tacked to a tree by the roadside. This was rendered necessary in
consequence of tlie absence of ministers of the Gospel, and the rite was
perforincil by (Jol. Burwell, J. P., and Squire Springer, of Delaware.
The marriage thus recorded is said to have been the first of any two
white persons in the Township of London, north of the Thames. The
identical beech tree on which the notice of the bond of union between
Thomas Carling and Margaret Routledge was tacked, still stands on
Lot 20, or what is generally known as Quaker Wright's Hill, in London
Township.

Prior to 1831, the Church of England and Church of Scotland
ministers, with Lutheran and (.'alvinist ministers (the latter only foi
a few years), were the only clergymen who could legally celebrate
marriage in Upper Canada. In that year the ])rivilege was extended
to I'resbyterians, Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, Menonites,
Tunkers, Moravians, and Indejiendents. so that the great reservation
of the Church of England was, so to speak, parcelled out among dis-
senting bodies. It must he remembered, however, that under treaty
rights, the Catholic mis8i(niaries and secular priests could administer the
sacrament of matrimony in their districts. During the days of religious
intolerance, Elder Ryan, He v. S. B. Smith, and Elder Sawyer, all
Methodists, were accused of marrying persons without legislative
authority, and so fled the country or were tried for the misdemeanor.
In July, 1S18, a Methodist Irishman named Henry Ityan, was indicted
for marrying BenJ. Davis and Hannah McPherson, without first having
obtained [)ermission from the English Church authorities. This crime
was such a serious matter seventy years figo, that the "gentlemen
magistrates" sent the unfortunate ju'eacher to jail o await the judg-
ment of the Assize Court.

On May 31, 1814, five persons were appointed to issue marriage
licenses for Upper Canada. The agents for issuing marriage licenses
in 1839 in the Western Peninsula were John Harris, of London;
Wm. Cosgrove, of Chatham ; John Burwell, of Port Burwell ;
Murdock McKenzie, of St. Thomas, .and Alex. Wilkinson, of Sandwich.

The Moravians of early days never selected a wife — no chance was
given them. God was their great designer, and to him they left the
choice. The manner in which their God made the selection was crude
indeed. One of the missionaries brought forth a cylindrical tin case ;
in this he placed bark or paper slips, with the names of all the male
candidates for matrimony. Another missionary brought forth a similar
tin case, in which were tickets, each bearing the name of a marriage-
able girl. Number one case would be thoroughly shaken up, when the
missionary would extract a ticket and read the name aloud. Number
two case was similarly treated and the girl's name called out ; both
tickets would then be examined and witnessed, the nuptials proclaimed,
and the wedding banquet spread.

The Roger Bates' memoir, in the Dominion Library, brings up

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

memories of old-time marriagos. "Tlie mode of courting in those
days," says he, " was a gocxl deal of the Indian fashion. The buxom
daughter would run through the trees and bushes, and j)retend to get
away from the lover ; but somehow or other he managed to catch her,
gave her a kiss; and they soon got married, I ratlier think, by a
magistrate. Time was too valuable to make a fuss about such matters.
In preparing for the journey to the magistrate's house or cabin, they
generally furnished themselves with tomahawks and implements to
defend theuiselves, and to camp out, if recniired. The ladies had no
white dresses to spoil, or fancy bonnets. With deer skin ])etticoats,
homesinin gowns, and, ])erha])s, s([uirrel skin bomiets, they looked
charnung in the eyes of their lovers, who were rigged out in similar
materials. I have heard my mother say, that a magistrate, rather
than disappoint a happy cou])le who had walked twenty miles, made
search throughout the house, and luckily found a pair of old English
skates, to which was attached a ring. With this ho proceeded, and
fixing the ring on the young woman's finger, reminded her, that,
though a homely substitute, she must continue to wear it, otherwise
the cereuiony would be dissolved."

P'wnccy Oahliis. — The log cabins of the pioneers were designed by
circ", instances. The first buildei's of such cabins in Ontario were exiles
from the New lle])ublic, who knew all about such structures ; for then,
in the North Atlantic States, cabins were the rule rather than the
exception. They were rai.sed by members of the family, and usually
all the adult males of a settlement would be present to assist in adding
another home to the few in the wilderness.

How natural to turn our thoughts Ijack to the log-cabin days of
this section, and contrast with the present. Let us enter this cabin
dwelling. With reverence we bow the head in ])resence of this relic
of ancestral beginnings and pioneer battles with the wilderness There
is the wide hearth, witii back-log remains, in whose deej) recess a school
might ])lay hide-and-go-seek and count the stars through a chimney, as
through a great telescope. Ah, long ago, how many sat 'round the
cheerful fire listening in awe to the communal story-teller as he spoke
of ghosts and giants, and wise-men and witches, find to the visiting
hunter, Avhose tales of wolf, and bear, and Indian, would make the
listening family hold their breath and their hair stand out like porcu-
i;)ine quills, There, hanging on the old crane, is the tea kettle, and the
pot of all work. The shovel and tongs stand in their accustomed
places, and the andirons are still there ; above hangs the rifle ; here is
the sitinning wheel ; there is the loom, a pine table white as snow, a
dresser with rows of pewter plates, some wooden cups and relics of a
long list of china ware, stri' 's of dried apples and poles of drying
])umpkins, with a few ])uncheon seats complete the main hall. In a
curtiiined corner is mother's bed ; while a rude ladder leads up to an

NoTB.-Tbe early marriaee record, instructive on account of tlie number of nanie,s and
dates given, has been separated from tbis chapter, and appears elsewhere lu this volume.

HISTORY OF THK

attic wliere the children sleep. Hail ! old cabin ; never again shall
such happiness exist as blessed your builders and sustained them in
the wilderness. Many of those s])irits, who led the way to teeming
wealth and suiuiy prosperity, thouj.;]! dead, live atjain. Many of the
draviiitlx persona; of the ]irelude iiave disappeared ; but the drama is
still on the sta<^e, and will a])pear thereon until humanity ceases to
exist ; when the heavens refuse li,i,'ht. The actors, singers, columbines,
and s})irits of the past are playing on far away boards ; but their songs
and acts are repeated by others, and out of the darkness new foot-lights
are advanced, new shades, new scenery, new dress — all things new.
But the hard hands that pre])ared the way for fruitful fields, for cities
and towns, and churches and schools, and all other evidences of pro-
nounced progress, are folded away in mother earth, leaving us in pos-
session of material wealth, and teaching us the lesson when, where and
how civilization wiis introduced into this wilderness.

'ill

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

CHAPTER IV.

KSTAHLISIIMKNT 01' CIIURCIIKS AND RKLKilOUS SOCIKTIKS,

In tliis chajiter the story of the beginning of the various churches,
now roinesonted in the county, is told, and their estabHshnunit
sketclied, leaving tlic histoiy of tlieir progress to he given in tliat of
the towushijis, cities or inc(»r[)orated towns, wliere such organizations
exist to-day. In a civilized country the Church is generally
contem])orary with settlements, and for this reason the cha])ter holds
the next place to that dealing with the first occupation of this district
by white jjcople.

Tlie ('(dliolic C'lmrch — The Catholic Church in Upper Canada dates
back to 1615, wlien four missionaries came with Champlain. One, at
least, was a Kecollet ])riest, 1{(!V. Jose])h 1.6 Caron, and he it was, who,
in 1615-16, accom[)aniod the Governor in his tour round Canada, viii
the Ottawa. Nij)]iissing, Georgian Bay, and the chain of lakes and
rivers, from Lake Huron to the St. Lawrence, vin Lake Simcoe. He
is said to have establislied a Mission near the foot of Lake Huron.
Eight years after, Father Nicholas Veil and Brother Gabriel Sagard
traversed the same district, and in 1684 the Jesuit fathers, Breboeuf
and Daniel, established ii IMission on Lake Huron shore among the
Hurons, with whom they travelled from Quebec, where the Hures
were visiting. The Ablte D'Urfe and venerable Dolliere de Kleus, of
the Seminary of St Sulpice, established tlieir Mission at the Bay of
Quinte about this time, and still later, the Chajiel on Lake Huron,
where la Riviere Aux Saubles was founded, and, it is said, another at
the Straits, just north of Sarnia, about the time Fort St. Joseph was
establi.shed, where the village of Fort Gratiot now stands. In June,
1671, I)e Courcelles .sent messages to the Indian Mi.ssions in Ontario
advising them of his approach, and in 1673, Frontenac was received
by the Abbe D'Urfe, and the chiefs of the Five Nations, at the Bay
of Quinte.

In the second decade of this country, Edourd Petit, of Black River,
discovered the ruins of an ancient building on the Riviere Aux Saubles,
about forty miles from Sarnia. Pacing the size, he found it to have
been 40x24 feet on the ground. On the middle of the south or gable
end, was a chimney eighteen feet high, in excellent preservation, built
of stone, with an open fire-place. The fire-place had sunk below the
surface. This ruin had a garden surrounding it, ten or twelve rods
wide by twenty rods in lengtb, marked by ditches and alleys Inside
the walls of the house a splendid oak had grown to be three feet in
disiraeter, with a stem sixty feet high to the firsl branch. It seemed
to be of second growth, and must have been 150 years reaching its

HISTORY OK THE

!f N

proportions, as seen in 1828-9. Onicknick, an ugod Sa<,'uenay chief
(84 years old), told I'etit that a white man built the house at the time
his great-^reat-preat-great grandfiither lived, and that white people
lived then in all the country around, who sold every article for a
peminick or dollar. Onicknick also stated that the men were not
French ; but beyond this, he could not give any testimony more than
the ruin conveyed.*

On the Wye lliver, north of Penetanguishene, at old Michili-
mackinack and other jjlaces, permanent or temj)orary missions had
been established ])rior to the begiiming of the eighteenth century ;
while the grt;at mission at Ogdensburg or Soegasti was established in
1748 by Abbe IMcquet, "The A])Ostle of the Iroquois."

Early in the eighteenth century can be found traces of regularly
appointed Catholic missioners among the Otchii)was and white settlers
along both banks of the St. Clair River, over a century after the
Keverends IJoUier and Galivree visited the locality — 1670- 1, who are
said to have made a stay at the Champlain Mission opposite Fort
Gratiot, or in that vicinity. In 1780, Nelson Roberts, who visited the
Red River country that year, re])orted having seen a jiriest among the
Indians of the Black River and St. Clair, and recorded this report on
his return to Montreal. Assistivnt Surgeon Taylor, U. S. A., writing
in 1871, from Fort Gratiot, says: — "The location of the RecoUet
mission in this vicinity is uncertain. According to Bell's History of
Canada, it was an important one, and known as Ste. Marie. As the
Jesuits had one also of the same name located among the Hurons at
the head of (jeorgian Bay, it would seem that some confusion has
arisen in relfition to these missions, both as to their importance and
position. Judge Camjjbell is of the opinion that the Recollet mission
was located on the present site of Sarnia."

In 1728, the Mission at I'ointo de Montreal was founded by Pere
de la Richardie. Prior to this date, for twenty-six years, the Miscion
of St. Anno, at Detroit, existed. In 1733, a church building w.\s
erected at Sandwich, but within the succeeding decade another house
was erected on Bois Blanc, sixteen miles down the river, with Pere
Potier in charge ; but in 1747, the fouTider of the Mission, at Pointe
de Montreal, returned, and rebuilt the Church of 1733. In 1757, he
accompanied a baud of Hurons to their selected hunting grounds, in
the neighborhood of where Tiffin, 0., now stands ; but the following
year settled among the Illinois, in which nation he died in 1758. The
])resent church of Sandwich dates back to 17G0, when the Mission was
established. Father Potier, who resumed charge in 1757 of the
Huron Church, continued jjastor there until his death in 1781. Father
Hubert succeeded, who served this Parish and that of St. Anne's until

1788, with Father Frechette

About 1789, Rev. F. X.

* Of course, u stateinont of this kind sbould be taken with due allowance for error. The
buildioB could not have been erec^ted 8o far back by any wblteroen, except French mls-
iiionaries or adventurers. Onlckni' ' vas mistaken as to the lapse of time.

N FAC 5tMILE

^f MISSISSIPPI

Oo!u:eplloi\,0*iipcr.

MARQUETTE'S MAP.

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COUNTY OK MIDDI.KSKX.

Dufaux was appointed pastor, and served until his death, Sept. 12,
1796. Other ])riests succeeded. In 1803, the Parish of St. I'eter, on
tlu! Thames, and one at Maiden, were established, with which the
names of Kev. T. IJ. Marcliant and his a,ssistant priests, with those
of I'ere Ikdin and Father Angus MacDonnell, were connected for
many years. In 1820, Father Besrinquet arrived from Quebec, and
erected a small church building on Walpole Island. On his leaving
for the Lake Supeiior county. Father Sagelle was appointed, and in
1833, the celebrated Austrian, Father Vizoiski, took his place.

The founder of the English-speaking con gi'egat ions in Ontario was
a ui in of rare power, y)hysic;illy and mentally. His life is a part of
the history of the Dominion, and for that reason a synopsis of it is
given here. Bishop Alexander McDonnell was born in Glengary,
Scotland, in 1760. In his youth it was a penal offence to attend a
Cathulic school, even as it was to ]>residc over or support one, so that
iiis classical education had to be obtained at Valladolid, Spain. In
1 790, he returned to his native country with the order of priesthood,
and went to work to re-establish the proscribed religion among his
])eo])le in the northern Parish of Badenoch, and in the city of Glasgow.
That the law and narrow bigotry of those days countenanced this
action, is the greatest testimonial to his zeal and accomplishments.
This Scottish priest joined Lord McDonnell's regiment of Glengary
Fencibles, and served against the patriots, winning victories by
Christian methods, and saving the desperate people from cruelties,
such as other regiments inllicted. Through his influence this Catholic
regiment was recruited in Scotland, and the second Glengary Fencible
Regiment was raised in Canada to repel the American invasion in
1812. Bishop McDonnell came to Canada as a priest in 1804, was
consecrated Bishop of Kingston in 1822, and died in Dumfriesshire,
Scotland, in 1840. His body laid in St. Mary's Church, Edinburgh,
until 1862, when it was brought to Kingston, where it rests in the
Cathedral. In 1804, there were only two Catholic priests in Ontario,
one of whom deserted his mission that year, and the other would not
leiive his district of Sandwich, so that, in fact, the great Bishop at one
time travelled throughout Ontario visiting his co-religionists, among
whom were many U. E. Loyalists.

The Catholic Church clergy of 1831, were Eev. Joseph Fluett, of
Amherstburg, and Rev. Joseph Crevier, of Sandwich and Rochester.
The venerable Iiishop McDonnell, of Glengary, is said to have visited
the London district once or twice during this year. The Catholic clergy
in London and Western district in 1839, were Rev. M. R. Mills, of
London; Edmund Yvelin, of Sandwich, and Augustin Vervais, of
Amherstburg. In 1843-56 the Jesuit fathers. Point, Choue, Duvan-
quet, Chazelle, Jafl're, Menet, Tevard, Grunot, Mainguy, and Conil-
leau, attended this large mission field, and after them came the bishops
and priests who have built up a great diocese of over one hundred
churches.

■^

K t'

UISTOIIY OF THK

1
■-4

The history of the Cimreli witliin the Ci)unty of Miiltllesex ilatcs
back to ls;)3-4, wlicii tho old lo^' liouso of worsliip was cn-t'tt'd on tlic
corner of liichinoiid and Majilu streets, and dedicated hy Father
Uownie, of 8t. Thonia.s, in liS.s4. For u decade tlie Catholic ])eoj)le of
London were visited by ])rie,st.s from 'I'oronto, St. Peter or Sandwich,
such as Father Schneider, the Apostle of the Huron nation.

Kev. M. It. Mill.s was a]i])ointed jiastor of St. Thomas, June 6, 1S4;>,
his district embracinj^ the townships of Yarnioiith, Southwold, Mala-
hiile, and territory adjacent on the east as well as other parts of the
Diocese of Toronto, to which pastors were not appointed. In Septemlicr
Bishop Power visited St. Thomas and T-ondon, and on the 20th extended
the former mission so as to inchide concessions 7, S, and 0, of West-
minster. In December, 1844 Father Mills was apjjointed to attend the
townslii])S of Westnnnster and London, this ap]M)intment being made
about one year after the Bishoj/s visit. In 1S47 is found the name
of Kev. P. O'Dwyer; in 1841) that of Itev. John Carroll, and on A])ril
19, 1849, of J!ev. Thadeus Kirwan. On June 29, 1851, Bishop De
Charbonnel, of Toronto, confirmed l.'JO ])ersons at London, and 85 a(
the church of St. Lawrence. In 1854, Kev. P. Crinnon presided over
the })arish. Kev. Mr. Carroll, named above, was, in 1885, the oldest
priest in the United States. He was born in Maryborough, Ireland,
June 30, 1798; came to America in 1817 ; was ordained at Quebec
by Bishoj) Edmund Burke, June 29, 1820, and served the Church
in Canada until 1869, when he was removed to ('liicago. 111.

The Diocese of London was erected February 21, 1850, and on the
29th day of that month the Pajial Bulls were addressetl to the Kev.
Peter Adolphus I'insonneault, Priest of the Society of St. Sulpice,
Montreal, naming him first Bishop of the new See. Bishoj) Pinsoinieaidt
was born in the year 1815, and made his studies in the College of
Montreal. There also he took tho ecclesiastical habit, but proceeded to
Paris to complete his theological studies. It was in that city that Iih
was raised to the priesthood in 1840. Ketimiing to America soon
after his ordination, he served the Church for many years in Montreal,
and was consecrated there May 18th, Trinity Sunday, 1850, and was
installed Bishop of London June 29th following, the record being
signed by Armandus, F. ^1., Bishop of Toronto ; John, Bishop of
Hamilton ; T. T. Kirwan ; Edward Bayard ; Louis Musard.

The new bishop found little in the London Town of 1856 with
which to be satisfied, and so urged the Church authorities to transfer
the Episcopal See to Sandwich, and a brief agreeable to his views was
issued February 2, 1859. For some months prior to this date Bishop
Pinsonneault was visiting in Europe — Bishop Farrell, of Hamilton,
being Administrator from September 19, 1858, to the spring of 1859.
In May, 1857, the title of Vicar-General was confen-ed on Rev. P.
Point, Superior of the Jesuits of Sandwich, and on Revs. J. M.
Soulerin and J, M. Bruyere, of Toronto. When Bishop Pinsonneault
retired in 1867, the latter was appointed Administrator of the Diocese,

UOUNTY 01' MIDDLESKX.

i with
•aiisfev
s was
isbop
iltoii,
1859.
lev. P.
J. M.
neault
iocese.

wliicli jiositioii lie filled tiutil tlie installation nf Bishoj) Walsh at
.Saiiilwicli, NdVi'iiilicr 14, that year. The utlicial it'cunl of that ccire-
iiioiiy of installation hcai'.s the ,si>;natin'i'.s of the IJishop.s of Hamilton
and Kinu'ston, and of (Jco. ISaliy, Mayor of .Sandwich, In-'sidi's those of
the followinj^ eler;,'y :— .f. ]\I. liniyen!, V. (1 , Sandwich ; J. F. .Tainot,
V. G., Toronto; Conillcau, y. .1.; Michel, S. .1. ; Dean Crinnon, 1*. D.
Laurent, Andu'istlmry; 15. (i. Solfers, St. Anne's, Detroit; (!. Lirnpens,
Detroit; 11. Onellette, Director College of St llyaeinthe ; E. 15, Kihoy,
.Sarnia ; Jaines l""arrelly, Belleville ; F. 1'. liooncy, Toronto, ami Jos.
JJayard, of Sandwich.

In dannary, 1S68, the new bishop removed the Kpiscopal resi-
dence from Sandwich to T/uulon, an<l on the loth of Nov(!nd)er,
1809, jirocurtid from the I'rojiaganda a decree making London once
more the J2pisco])al See of the Diocese. Jjishoj) Walsh was on his
accession to the See of Sandwich confionted with many grave difii-
culties. The Diocese was involved in debt to tlu! extent of S40,000,
for which enormous liability little or nothing could lu- shown. What
resulted :* From 18li7 to 1S85 no less a sum than !5'J.)2,798 wa.s
raised for Diocesan purjrases ; since increased to over .'ii'l.SOO.OOO.
Throughout the Diocese church buildings, worthy of Him to Whom
they are dedicated, are to be se(Mi on every side ; while in the centre
rises a temjjle that would do credit to a city of one million of people,
deferring to Father Cotley's sketch of the Catholic Ciiurch of London,
published in 188"), IJev. K II. Stimson, of the Kuglish Church of
Toronto, in his " History of the Se])aratiou of Church and State in
Canada," says : — " From it can i)o obtained a very fair a]iprehensiou of
the jirogress made by Catholics in this part of Canada, unaided by any-
thing but fidelity to their cause, and willing, faithful hearts. Contrast
the jtast with the jiresent— voluntaryism, with the endowed juilpit from
which have proceeded warnings since it first received preachers!" The
history of the churches, orphanages, hosj)itals, convent schools and
colleges of this Diocese would make ii large vttlume, reading like
romance, while real beyond measure.

Euglish ('liurcit in (\uiiida. — The first clergyman of the Phiglish
Church was lie v. John OgUvie, D. D., a British army chaplain, who
accompanied his regiment to Fort Niagara in 1759, when tlie French
lost that ])osition. He died in 1774 while inistor of Trinity (jhurch,
N. Y., and was followed in Canada by Kev. dohn Dqijgirty, in 1777,
immediately after the English Churches in the American colonies were
closed by the American authorities. He was missionary at Sorel iti
1784, having previously served in Canada as Chaplain of the King's
lioyal Kegiment of New York.

The first Protestant clergyman, who can lay claim to the title of
being a resident pastor, was the Pev. John Stuart, a son of one of the
early Irish settlers, of Harrisburg, Pa. Although his two brothers
joined the American army, Mr. Stuart sympathized with the British,
and so thought it prudent to leave the States. In September, 1781,

II18T0UY 01 TlIK

\M'

lio was ill Nt!\v Hniiiswick, iiiul in 17H;!, iit Moiitroiil, and in ITS.', at
. Catai';ii|iii. In iTH'.t lu- was aiipointcd I>isli()|.'.s ('oininisHionurv, for
what is now Ontiiiio. His tloalli tonk plucc in IHIl, at Kinj,'ston,
Canada.

Rev. K(il)t>rt Addisfui caniL' in 17'.M), us a missionary from the
Society for l'ro|iajiatin;,' tlu' (iosptd. lie was army cliaiilaiii for a
short tiiu(! at iNiaj,'ara, and a visitor amoiii,' tlio (Irainl Itivcr Indians.
Addcil to this, In- spfcinlatcd in lands, and for tliirty ycar.s, ])rior to
l.Sj:;, was Chaplain of rarliamcnt. Kt'V. Mr. I'ollard came in 1791,
and later, Kev, d. Lanj^liorn, who returned to Knj,dand at the heLtinninjj
of the troubles of 181 L', .so as to escape the Americans, of whose
" hlood-thirsly disposition" ho entertained stranjje ideas. The first
Eiij,'lish Protestant Church was erected at Kin;^'ston in 1793. In
1792, however, the Protestants and (-'atholics worshipjied in turn in
Navy Hall, or the (.'ouiKiil Chandter there. The .second Knfjlish
(.'liurch huildiii,!,' in Ontario was that at Bcdlc'ville, 1819-20, presided
over hy Mr. Cam])hell, which was used up to I8r)8. Itev. .lohn
Cochrane and Kev. .lohn (iriermay be iiamecl amon^' tlu* old pastors
7 ., , of that (dd church. In 179M, Kev. Dr. Juhosaphat Mountain was

sent out from Enj^land as first Prote.stant Hisho|t of all Canada, with
his See at C^uebi^'. At that time his church claimed but five
clerjiymen in tlu; wholi^ of Uritish North America,

The mini.slers of the C'hurch of Kn;,dand, in London district, in
18ol, were Picv. M. I'.uridiam, St. Thomas; Kev. K. Evans, Wood-
house, and Piev. E. J. Boswtdl, London. In the Western District were
Rev. R. K(d])h, of AnduMslbiu'^'; Wm. Johnson, of Sandwich, and T.
Morley of Chatham. In 1832, lU'V. liisnj. Cronyn was a]ijiointed
Rector of St. Paul's, London, while Rev. D. E. IJlake was placed in
charge of the Adelaide Church, the congre>,'ation there being formed
that year. On July 12, 1830, a letter from the Governor's Secretary
informed the magistratcis that five ministers of the Church were then
establi.shed in the district.

Rev. Mr. Macintosh, tlu! first English Church minister in this
vicinity, ])resided at Kettlts Creek or St. Thomas, and, in early years,
held .services in Wm. Geary's barn on Lot 14, Con. fi, London, whose
wife, Miss Jones, herself the daughter of an Irish Prote.stant minister,
was always reaily to wel(;ome such gosjjcl messengers. In 1829, Rev.
E. N. Roswell came to take charge of London, and established St.
Paul's ])arish.

Under date January 16, 1830, Mahlon lUirwcU writes to Rev.
Edward J. Boswell, minister of Lcjudon : — " The receipt of your favor
respecting the want of a house in which to perform Divine service,
and requesting permission to use the Court-room, is acknowledged.
The magistrates instruct me to inform you that, as the Court-house is
the property of the district, erected for the only j>ur])ose of accommo-
dcating His Majesty's Courts of Law in the administration of justice,
they do not conceive that they possess the right of granting you your
request."

COUNTY OK MIPDI.KSKX.

In Ajnil, 18.'il, tlin Cniut ^'luntt'd iieriiiissinn tn IIov. Mi. ISoswdl
t(i hold Diviiin service in tlie house iiiteiidetl lor ii |iulili(; srliool Iiou.He
at London; later tlie order was rescinded. In IS.i'J, Hev. I5enj.
Cronyn was apiioinled Uector, and in IHIlo a small IVaine eliurdi wan
built near llu! j>resent cust.oin-liou,se. Tlii.s was hurned in 1844, and a
new liuildin;; soon t(»ok its place.

The ministers of tht^ ('Imrch of Eii;,'lanil in I/mdoii I)istri('t, in
18:5',), were Wm. i!e;lerid;;e, of Woodstock; I), lllak' , of .Adelaide;
M. liinnliam, of St. Thomas; Benj. ("roiiyn, of Lond(»n ; Hichard
Hood, of Carailoc; T. I'etrie, Iravelliiin; missionary; .John Kadclitle,
of Warwicik ; .1. UolhwelI,of ln,i.^'rsoll. In the Western I)istri<'t were
J. O'Meara, of Siuilt Ste. Marie; llu<i\\ U. O'Xeil, travellin<j
mi.ssionary ; T. H. Fuller, Chatham ; l"'reil. Mack, Aniherslbur;ili.

The An^'lican (Jhurclies of 1842-15 wen^ St Anne's KatevilUt, and
tenth concession buildings in Adi^laide, tlut (Jaradoc ("hurch, the
Delaware Church, St. I'aid's at I,ond(tn, St. dohn's in London Town-
ship at Arva, and the church atStrathroy.

In the rejiort of the Church Society of the Diocese of Toronto,
made in 1842-3, it is written that the donations of land in the London
iJi.strict to the Church amounted to 1,877 acres, of which .1. 15. Askiu
gave 4G; H. L. Askin, ;i.") ; Col. M. IJurwell, 1,090; Kev. Honja-
niin Cronyn, James (livens, 0. J. (Joodhuis L. Lawrason and .Fohu
Williams, 100 acres each, and T. Phillips, 200 acres. Penny's grant
of 100 acres to the Church at Wardsville and smaller grants in West-
minster and Lf)nilon Townshijis are unnoticed.

liev. Henjamin ''ronyn, speaking -Inly 17, LSol, on the ]iros]>erity
cf holding land for cliurch jiurpo.ses, said:—" Itdid not .send I'lim into
a man's vineyard to steal his grapes, or a man's farmyard to milk his
cows." Kev. .1. Winterbotham, in reply, jiointed out that church lands
were not always u.sed for the jaa'posiis granted, and said: — "1 refer
I'jw to my brother from Lomlon, who managcnl to get an act passed
through the Provincial Parliament for the .sale of his glebe there. I
asked him whetlu'r .^^2,500 was not realized by the sale of that glebe.
When a transaction of this nature is seen to take ])lace openly, * ♦ *
is thus made a matter of S))eculative sale to feed the grasping avarice
of those who claim credit ior great disinterestedness, then it is time for
Parliament to interpose." In 1853 the I5ritish Parlianu'ut authorized
the Canadian Parliament to vary, or re])eal the ja'ovisions of the Keserve
Fund, and a])])ly the proceeds to any jturpose, but not to reduce the
annual salaries, then jiaid to ministers of the English and Scotch
churches, during their lives. This jjermission drew from "The Lord
Bishop, Clergy and Lay Delegates of the United ("hurch of England
and Ireland, in the Province of Canada West, in Synod assemblec' at
Toronto, Oct. 26, 1854," a strong protest, but the (,'anadians .^.er-
looked this and an act was passed in accordance with the British act,
and, in 1855, the Lord Bishop Strachan asked his ministers to com-
mit their claims to the Clergy Reserve Funds. John Hillyard Cameron

HI.STOKY OK TKK

was given power of attorney, by several of such cleij,'vmen, to commit
their claims, and in March, 1855, his list of clergy and amount to be
paid each was a}>iiroved 1)V Bishop Strachan. In this list the names
of Revs. I). E. Blake, Michael Boomer, C. C. Brongh, A. St. (}. Caul-
field, li. (!. C'ooper, Ben. Cronyn, II. Flood, John Kennedy, W. Logan,
J. W. Marsli, T. W. Marsh, A. Mortimer, A. Lampnian, all connected
with Middlesex, occur. The commutation moneys ])aid to tiie clergy
of the Diocese of Huron in 1S55, exclusive of Messrs. Pdake and others
who were not here then, amounted to §219,685.52, and this payment
did not incapa ntate any of them from earning the same, or large annual
.salary, from their congregations.

The first report of the Incorporated Church Society of the Diocese
of Huron, was ])re.=;ented June 22, 1859. In 1857 the western division
of tile Diocese of Toronto was so far endowed and ju'eparations for the
organization of a new iliocese so far proceeded with, that the Governor-
Genei'al approved the election of a l>isho]i; and in July of that year,
liev. Beuj. (,'ronyn was chosen and consecrated October 28, 1857. In
1858, Hon. M. Foley, M. I'., was entrusted with the Bill of Incor-
poration, to carry it through the House of the Assembly ; while (I. J.
Goodhue introduced it in the Legislative Council. Success waited on
their eftorts, and on July 24, 1858, the Dioce.se was incorporated.
Bi.shop Beuj. Cronyn, son of John Cronyn, of Kilkeimy City, Ireland,
was l)orn there in 1802 ; he won the degree of B. A. at Trinity College,
Dublin, in 1821, and of M. A. in 1824, together with the Eegius Pro-
fessors' prize of that year. In 1S25 he was created Deacon, and in
1820 was ordained at Quam, Ii'eland. After a six years' curacy in
Longford County, where he married !Miss Bickerstatf, of Lislea, he
came to Canada in 1832, and was a])j)ointe(l Rector of St. Raul's,
London. In 1857, Huron Diocese was establislied with Rev. Mr.
Cronyn, first Bishop. His death took jilace here Septend^er 22, 1871.

Among the clergy of 1878, who were in the Diocese at that time,
were the following ufimed, the date of their connection with church
work in the old Dioce.se of Toronto, and tlieir stations being given: —

Wm. Bettridge, B.D. (Canon), 1834, Strathroy; M. Boomer,
LLD. (Dean), 1840, London; St. G. Caulfield, LLD. (Canon), 1848,
Windsor; F. Gore Elliott, 1837, Sandwich; E. L. El wood, A.M.
^Archdeacon), 1849, Goderich; E. Grasett, M.A. (Canon), 1848,
Simcoe; Andrew Jamieson, 1842, Walj^ole Island; John Kennedy,
M.A., 1848, Adelaide; F. Mack, 1839, St. Catharines; J. W. Marsh,
M.A. (Arclideacon), 1849, London; A. H. R. Mulholland (R. D.\
1849, Owen Sound; A. Nelles (Canon, R D.), 1829, Brantford; J,
Padfield (superannuated), 1833, Burford; E. Patterson, M.A. (R. D.),
1849, Stratford; F. W. Sandys, D.D. (Archdeacon), 1845, Chatham;
G.J. R. Salter, M.A. (Canon), 1847. Brantford; J. Smythe, M.A.,
1854, Shelburne; A. Townley, D.D. (Canon), 1840, Hamilton.

Among the members at tins time were H. C. R. Becher, G. J.
Goodhue, I . Lawrason, C. Monserrat, John Wilson, Dr. H, Going,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

G. J.

Going,

liev. K. Gordon, Dr. A. Harpur, Kev. T. Hughes, Dr, rhillips, James
^Stephenson, Rev. J. McLean (curate), W. Watson, S. Peters and J.
Hamilton. Rev. R. Gordon, named above, ])resided over the Fugitive
Mission, in London City, on the Colored People's Mission in 1858 ;
hut he was not here twenty years latc:r when the above liiit of clergy
was compiled.

Bishop Hellnuith was ordained a minister in 1846, created Arch-
deacon of Hiu'on in 1861, Dean in 1867, Coadjutor-Bishop of Norfolk
in 1871, and Bishoj) of Huron the same year, to succeed Bishop
Cronyn.

On November 30, 1883, Very Rev. Maurice S. Baldwin, Dean of
jMontroal, was consecrated BLshop of Huron.

The Diocese comprises 235 congregations, attended by 123 min-
isters. Of the numbers given 42 and 25 are respectively credited to
^Middlesex County.

Preshyfennv Church. — Rev. John Bethune, a native of Scotland,
and a minister of the Church of Scotland, who settled at Cornwall,
(Jan., about 1780-1, was the second legal clergyman of any Protestant
denonunation wlio settled in Canada. He died at Williamstown,
September 23, 1815. Rev. Mr. McDowell succeeded him in the
active work of the mission in 1799 or 1800, or about the time his
C(i-rcligionist, Dr. Strachan, came hither. Rev. Mr. Smart came in
1811 ; but by this time Dr. Strachan had joined the English Church,
so that the field of Presbyterianism was cultivated by Messrs. Bethune
and McDowell, the latter of whom asked Mr. Smart to assist in the
Mork. On May 24, 1888, che celebration of the one lumdredth anni-
■versary of the adoption by New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia or
Penn.sylvania, Vii'ginia, and the Carolina Synods of the Presbyterian
Congregation of the resolutions for the formation of the first I'resby-
tcrian General As.sembly in America, was held at Philadelphia. As
early as 1695 the Presbyterians and Baptists began to flourish in
Pliiladel])hia. Their interests were then so far united that they met
for worshi]) in the same small building, known as the " Bcarbadoes Lot
Store." This fellowship lasted till 1698-99, when the Presbyterians
imported a ])ermanent minister, the Piev. Jedediah Andrews, from
New England, and he actually took possession of the i)ulpit in the
store to the exclusion of any Baptist minister who might hajipen to
ciime along. By this act it was evident to the Baptists tliat the
Presbyterians wanted the store for themselves, because of their
luiwillingne.ss to give up the jmlpit to Baptist ])reachers. Or, in
modern slang, the Pre.sbyterians " froze out" the Baptists — a process
more recently known nearer home.

Among the early ministers of the Church of Scotland in Middlesex
Were Alex. Ross, wlio took the oath of allegiance in January, 1830,
nnd Donald Mackenzie, who also took the oath. In 1833 other
branches of the Church were formed, and from the latter years dates
the progressive Presbyterianism of the present time. Among the

HISTOHY OF THE

names of early Presbyterian jjveacliers are : — Alex. Mackenzie, of
Goderich, 1837 ; Wm. R. Sutherland, now residini,' in Ekfrid, 1848 ;
Lachlin McPherson, of Ekfrid and Williams, 1846 ; John Scott, Wm.
Proudfoot, James Skiiuier ; and of the Scotch congregation, W.
McKellican, 1833 ; Daniel Allen, 1838 ; Duncan McMillan, of
Williams, and Dugald McKellar, of T.obo, 1839.

Presbyterian Mamages. — The following marriage contracts were
recorded by William Proudfoot, a Presbyterian minister of the
Associate Secession Church : —

-Neil Koss to Margaret Ross, of London.

William Hell to Matilda Smith, of Stanley.

Charles Grant to Kliza McDonald, of London.

Hugh Fraser to Margaret Mc(!regor, of London.

Charles W. White to Sarah A. Munro, ot London.

Alex.. Moince (or Mounts) to Christian Clwbb, of Westminster.
-Edward Dunn to Klizaheth (Jrieve, of Lobo.

E. A. Thompson to Salinu Chisholm, of Londoi:.

John Sinclair to Eliza Donaldson, of London.

Archibald (iraham to Flora Graham, of Lobo.

Andrew Heattic te Isabella Boston, of Lobo.

Andrew Kornahan to Eleanor Wilson, of London.

George Laid'a'^ to Christian Grieve, of Westminster.

James Jackscn to Lsabella Nichol, of Westminster.

Donald Fraser to Isabella Ross, of Williams.

William (juinn to Jane Weir, of Dorchester.

James McDonald to Janet Anderson, of Williams.

Edward McDonald to IJetsy McDonald, of London.
-John Quito to Anne Needham, of Nissouri.

John Hope to Nancy Lynn, of Southv. dd.

Hugh Barclay to Janet McDonald, of Lcndon.

Jennetis Nichol to Nancy Laidlaw, of Westminster.

John JleDonald to Hannah McMillan, of London.

John Wilson to Eliza A. Clark, of London.

He made record, also, of the following maniages solemnized by him

Aug. 6,

1833-

Oct. 1,

Nov. 12,

Nov. 14,

Nov. 27,

Dec. 11,

Feb. 15,

1834-

Jan. 29,

Mar. 17,

May 13,

May 27,

July 7,

July 11,

Aug. 1,

Sept. 30,

Oct. 29,

Nov. 20,

Nov. 27,

Mar. 17,

1835-

Mar. 27,

April 2,

April 3,

April 23,

April 29,

He made re(

1835-7

—

May 7.

1835-

Aug. 10,

Sept. 1,

{(

Oct. 12,

Oct. 19,

t (

Nov. 20,

Dec. 1.5,

((

Jan. 7,

1836

Jan. 17,

Jan 18,

Jan. 23,

Feb. 9,

April 12,

May 25,

June 14,

July 1,

Aug. 9,

• 1

Aug. 10.

.'(

Sept. 8,

((

Sept. 8,

Nov. 11,

Nov, 20,

-David Jackson to Ann Grieve, of Westminster.

Robert Smith to Margaret Lomie, of London.

John Norval to Eliza A. Proudfoot, of London.

Israel Malton to Elizabeth Thompson, of London.

Addm Murray to Jane Beattie, of London.

Robprt Smith to Ann Graham, of Tilbury East,

Robert Smith to Elsphet Graham, of Tibury East.

Donald Cameron to Janet Ramsay, of London.
-David Hughes to Charlotte Mathews, of London.

Hugh Mclntyre to Sarah MoNeili, of Williams.

Alexander Campbell to Janet Moore, of Williams.

George Smith to Christina Brown, of London.

Roderick McKay to Margaret Cameron, of Williams.

Samuel Lynn to Nancy Clark, of London.

Robert Freeman to Mary A. McKcnzie, of Zorra.

Willim Nagle to Rebecca Hart, of Delaware.

Lewis Holman to Jane Bailey, of Stephens.

John McDonald to Christie Bain, of London.

Henry Davis to Annie J. McSpadden, London.

William Grieve to Margaret Beattie, of Westminster.

Thomas Caverhill to Cecilia Herdman, of Westminster.

Robert Jardine to Mary Beaden, of Westminster.

Levi S. Blackman to Susan P. Parker, of London.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

hiiu

Jan. 22,

1835

Teh. 4,

Mar. 26,

Ai.iil 9,
May 7,
May 18,
IX-c. 24,

In 1837 he recorded the following contracts : —

Feb, 17, 1837 — Charles Lack«y to Elizabutli MiJJleton, of Westminster.

A[ar. 21, " .lolin Stillson to Elizabeth Scott, of London.

April 18, " John Diamund to Janet Hremner, of London.

uMay 25, " Abner Wilson to Marfiarot Drummond, of Westminster.

Juno 17, " Robert Craig to Melissa Hall, of Ni-ssouri.

Jnne 29, " Joseph Goodhand to Stirah Craig, of London,

Aug, 9, " Andrew Allen to Isabella Fra.ser, of London.

Nov. 16, " John Barclay to Mary McBain, of London.

Dec, 8, " John Oliver to Isabella Beattie, of Westminster.

]?ev, James Skinner, of the United Seces.sion Church of Scotland,
recorded the following marriages iu 1835 : —

-,lohn Meek to Catherine Cam))bell, of Southwold,
Lot AVyllie to Catherine McPherson, of Westminster,
Henry Berry to Susan Burwell, of Southwold.
Robert G. Eunson to Hannah Cress, of St. Thomas.
Wm. Buchanan to Mary Sinclair, of Westminster.
Kenneth Juner to Ann Frazer, of St. Thomas.
James Ferguson to Janet Jardine, of St. Thomas.

With the above he solemnized four other marriages at South-
wold : —

Feb. 2, 183G— John Campbell to Catherine Stewart, of Ekfrid.

Aug. 18, " Robert MoClatchey, of Caradoc, to Mary Storie.

Aug. 18, " John Law, of Adelaide, to Bridget Holleseme.

Feb. If., 1837— John B, Olds, of Brock, to Elizabeth Preston, of Adelaide.

In 1835, Rev. Wm. Fraser, of the United Associate Secession
Presbyterian Church, certified the following contracts : —

June 22 — Julia N. Raman to Sarah Manning, of Dorchester.
July 9 — Rupert McDonald to Isabella McDonald, of Stanley.

Eev. D. McKenzie, of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, united
the following in mamage : —

Sept. 3, 1834— Joseph Pool to Bethia Witt, of Westminster,

Feb. " Donald Fraser to Janet Ross, of Williams.

Feb. 4, " John Mclnto.sh to Lsabella Munro, both of Williams.

Dec, 2S, 1837 — Robert McDonald, of Oxford, to Kate McKay, of Nissouri.

He also joined six couples in matrimony in 1835.

Baptist Church. — Revs, Jose])h Wiem, Turner, Wyner and Elder
Holts introduced Baptist services into Canada about 1794.

In A])ril, 1821, a number of fiimilies emigrated from South Wales,
to what was then known as U])per Canada. They crossed the channel
from Swansea to Bristol, where they waited for the sailing of the
vessel which was to carry them across the Atlantic to such a home as
they might be able to make for themselves in the New World. A six
weeks' voyage landed them in Quebec about tlie middle of June ; but
the most difficult, tedious and toilsome part of their journey was yet

:li

HISTOKY 01' THK

liefore thoin. The apj)liaiices of the times for navigating,' the inland
waters of Canada wen; meagre. Steaml)nats tliere were, but they
were few and slow, and the accommodation they furnished was of ii
rude descrij)tion. They made tedious voyages on the river from
Quebec to Montreal, and on Lake Ontario as far as Little York and
Hamilton. Engineers had not taught navigators how the difticulties
of the St Lawrence rajiiils could be siu'monnted by canals and locks.
Hence these Welsh families came from Quebec to Montreal by steam-
boat, from Montreal to I'rcscott by Durham lioat, and from I'rescott to
Little York by steamer ; and reached St. Thomas about the end of the
first week in July. After a brief rest in St. Thomas, a few of the
men travelled through the woods to the rear of the 'I'ownship of
London, where (hey secured land, and began to ])re|)are such accom-
modation for their families as circumstances permitted, and to which
they brought them shortly afterward. Tiie heads of some of these
families wen; godly jieople, Calvanistic Methodists, or followers of
Wliitiield, as di.-itingnished from followers of Wesley. As soon as their
families I'eached Iheii' new home, on the very first Sabl)ath, a ])rayer
meeting and Sabbath School wer(: arranged, which, without any yvo-
longed interru]>tion, have, through all the changes of sixty-seven years,
continued to tlie present. Hut there were none to jn-each to them the
Word of Life, or take jiastoral oljservation of these few shee]) in the
wilderness. Still, they had their Welsh lUbles, of which they were
diligent .students, and the Chief Shepherd himself watched over and fed
them in the gveen pastures of His grace. Tiiose who had spiritual life
encouraged and heli)ed each othtn; and used all the means at their
(lisjiosal to extend it to those who had none. After a time they were
visited by some We.sleyan ministers, but their teaching was not that
to which they had been accustomed in Wales ; nor did it ngree with
their concejitions of r>il)le truth, hence their visits, though welcome,
made little impression.

In the spiiug of 1829 the Rev. Wm. McDermond, a Bapti;5t minister,
jireached. The peoi)le received him gladly. His teaching called the
iittention of both the older Christians and young converts to the much-
controverted subject of bajitism. A diligent search of the New
Testament, to ascertain what Christ commanded, and what His
Apostles taught .and practiced, resulted in a radical change of their
views on the subject, act and tlesigns of that ordinance. Philip
Jtosser, an earnest, devoted Christian, and, from the early days of the
settlement, one of the leaders of tiie devotiojis of the people, was the
first person baptized, and his baptism was soon followed by that
of others. In the same year, 1829, a Baptist Church was formed
in the Township of Lobo, now known as the First Lobo Church, of
which the Baptists in the Welsh settleiuent became a branch, a
connection which continued nearly five years.

During this time, and for several years afterward, a number of
Baptist ministers visited the settlement, and preached ^hi: Word as

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

11 lU H.U

ual life

■A

it their

y weve

ot that

;e with

'■J

ilcome,

inistcv,

led the

.«

niuch-

3 New-

it His

)f their

rhilip

of the

vas the

y that

formed

irch, of

vnch, a

iber of

Tord as

(»|)l)ortunity ofiered. Ainoug these were McDernioiul, Viiiiiig, Slaught,*
Finch, Gaul, Mahee and Elliott. The occasional visits of these
servants of the Lord were much appreciated, and, through the Divine
Messing, resulted in a considerable increase in the number of believers.
l)Ut the inconvenience of being a jiart of a church so far diwtant a.-i
I.,obo began to be felt. The want of passable roads, joined to incon-
venient facilities for travel, maile it difficult for them to attend
with suihcient freiiuency ; and the propriety of getting a dismissal
from Lobo and forming a church in the settlement was seriously
discussed, and the church at J)(tnfield resulted. From the beginning
the Baptist Church si)read out through the country. The act of 1831
l)estowed certain liberty on dissenters, and Baptists wore not slow to
avail themselves of the ])rivileges olTered.

Eiirh/ Miinfitcrs. — On Jan. 12, 1830, John Hairis' application for
license " to celel.>rate matrimony " was reciiived. Geo. J. Ryerson's
application was made two days later. In Ajiril the petitions of Geo.
J. Kyerson and others was considered. The magistrates refused to
grant license to celebrate marriage to ministers of the Calviuistic
liaptist Society, believing that such societies did not come within the
statute.-!. On Jan 12, 1831, Geo. J. Ryerson presented another
petition asking leave to celebrate marriage, and setting forth the names
of the Calvinist Ba])tist Connnunity to which he belonged, as follows :
Joseph Kitchen, Benj. Balmerston, Nelson Vail, Gabriel Mal«e, Nelson
Montross, Robert Young, and David Shearer.

The regular llaptist Ministers were: — Francis Tickle, 1837,
Blenheim; Joseph Merrill, 1838, Bayham ; Salmon Vining, 1838,
Nissouri ; Gilbert Hanis, 1838, Oxford; W. H. Landon, 1838,
Jilenheim ; Samuel Baker, 1838, Malahide ; Dugald Campbell, 1838,
Aldborough ; Abraham Sloot, 1838, Westmin.ster; Isaac Elliott, 183'J,
Oxford; Salmon Vining, 1S39, Lobo; Shook McConnell, 1839,
Townsend; Richard Andrews, 1840, Yarmouth; Dugald Sinclah-,
1839, Lobo; Thomas Mills, 1S43, Yarmouth; Reuben Crandell, 1843,
Malahide; Wm. Wilkiason, 1845, Malahide; George Wilson, 184(;,
Malahide ; N. Fastwood, 184(5, London ; D. W. Rowland, 1848, South-
wold ; Jonathan Williams, 1848, Dorchester ; John Bray, 1847, South-
wold ; Mark W. Ho])kins, 1849, Goshen; Israel Marsh, 1849, Dor-
chester; Robert Boyd, 1850, London; Simeon Rouse, 1850, Bayham,
and Alfred Chute, 1851, Lobo.

Early Baptist Marriages. — The marriages celel)i'ated by Rev.
Abraham Sloot, in 1832-8, are recorded as follows, the parties being
of the Calvinist Bajitist Church : —

wn-.N-Essun uY
Sept. 12, 1832— Joseph Elliott to Sarah Glynn, T. Glynn and P. Campbell.

•Sept. 16, " Victor Dutton to Mary Norton, G. Norton and G. Sloot.

Sept. 24, " Justus M. Videto to Amanda Hart, John Hart and 15. Curtis.
Oct. 10, " Daniel Corson to Zclimla Wells, J. Wells and T. Olds.
Oct. 16, " Wm. Whitehead to Eniiline Curtis, J. M. Videto and S. L. Sumner.

* This may be intended lor Abraham Sloot, as tlie name is spelled differently by writers.

(

B'J

1 ■!'(

HISTORY OK THE

Oct. 22,

1832

Oct. 2.1,

t i

Oct. 29,

Nov. 27,

((

Dec 9,

•Ian. 24,

1833

Feb. 1.1,

Feb. 28,

((

Mar. 9,

((

Mar. 23,

((

April 2,

April 29,

April 30,

-Will. Lepper, to Cynthia Osborne,
.lohn (Jriovo to .Jano Murray,
Edmund Biirtcli to Sarah Smith,
Aiidrow Elson to Charlotte Dyer,
I.saac Vaiisicklo to Mary A. McClain,

-Philo Jackson to Sarah Hill,
Win. VVeils to Klizabeth Johnson,
CoriioliiiH Willson to Siiffroiia Cutler,
Oliver Strowback to Mary Jackson,
Peter Sinclair to Nancy Sinclair,
Philip Brooks to Prudence Warner.
Joseph Lowii to Sarah Orillith,
John Wells to Mary Brown,

WII'NF.SSKII iiv

D. Stockton and T. Hull'.
K, Grieve and N. Elliott.
H. T. Shaver and .lohn Cort.
W. Blinn ami Joseph Elson.
A. Montross and J. McClain.
Tilly Hubbard and N. Gridith.
Geo. Sloot and Wni. Libby.
H. Jones and D. Browne.
Eli Griffith and Philo Jackson.
W. Elliott and L Oambo.
Xachariah and L. Warner.
F. and Sam. Lown.
Alexander, Mary and A. Weir.

The above named were residents, in the order of entry of the fol-
lowing town.ships : — Canidoc, Westniin.ster, London, Malahide, London,

Yarmouth, Westniin.ster, Lobo, London, Yarmouth, Westminster, Lon-
don, London, Westminster, Caradoc, Dunwicli, Westminster, and Lon-
don.

July 28, 1833— Ensign Hill to Diana Carney, of Westminster,

Aug. 19, " John Kitchen to Nancy King, of Southwold.

Aug. 19, '' James King to .Marietta Bartlett, of Caradoc.

Aug. 24, " James Siddal to Violet Young, of Dunwich.

Aug. 20, " John Whiting to Wealthy Dcgraw, of Caradoc.

Aug. 31, " Timothy Simonds to Ruth Webster, of Westmin.ster.

Sept. 3, " James Montague to Lora Huiigerford, of Westminster.

Sept. 19, " Joseph Siddal to Eliza Brooks, of Dunwich.

Oct. 15, " Swain Corliss to Eliza Williams, of Lobo.

Oct. 1.5, " Joseph Lyon to Juliana Moore, of Southwold,

Oct. 17, " Wm. Routledgo to Jennet Bailee, of Westminster.

Oct. 27, " Zeras Myric to Juliana Odle, of London.

Oct. 28, ' ' Zerah Gilbert to Mary A. Baker, of Southwold.

Oct. 28, " Jonah Clarke to Mary Lumley, of Dunwich.

Oct. 29, " Hiram Perkins to Harriet McNames, of Westminster.

Dec. 24, " Duncan McDugald to Mary McKiller, of Lobo.

.Ian. 13, 1834— Jacob Cooley to Dorka Reynolds, of Dorchester.

Feb. 10, " Malcolm Smith to Mary McFarlin, of Lobo.

Feb. 14, " Angus Graham to Cristy Smith, of Lobo.

Feb. 23, " Henry Stringer to Derinaan Elliott, of Westminster.

June 9, " Richard Patrick to Hannah Simmons, of Westminster.

June 19, " Andrew Carl to Lucretia Clarke, of Westminster.

Aug. 7, " John Patrick to Roxena Thorp, of Westminster.

Sept. 30, " Patrick Walker to Mary Beach, of London.

Nov. 9, " John H. Campbell to Annie Quick, of Caradoc.

Nov. 12, " John McKey to Isabella McCorinick, of Williams.

Jan. 8, 1835 — Andrew McClureto Sjimantha A. Crandle, of Southwold.

Jan. 15, " James Mclntire to Jano Mcintosh, of Ekirid.

Feb. 18, " Armon Biirrett to Susan Little, of Southwold.

Feb. 23, " Charles Moice to Jjlissa Burger, of Southwold.

Mar. 2, " John Kizier to Elmira Dell, of Westminster.

Mar. 17, " Henry Cook to Nancy Harrison, of London.

Mar. 25, " Jacob Dale to Eliza Hansel, of Westminster.

April 11, " George Shaver to Rebecca Hart, of Westminster.

July 8, ' ' Hiram B. Mann to Margaret Stringer, of Westminster.

Aug. 9, " Francis Jarvis to Ounda Perkins, of Westminster.

Nov. 10, " Daniel Sipiers to Lois Burnam, of Westminster.

Dec. 9, " Daniel Whitehead to Lovina Wilkins, of Westminster.

Dec. 13, " George Hollis to Harriett Leahy, of Southwold.

Dec. 25, " Kenedy Creighton to Laura S. Hart, of London.

Dec. 30, " Wm. Foster to Sarah Woodhull, of Lobo.

Dort.

son.

:iain.

irilHth.

iby.

ckson.

jr.

Weir.

the fol-
jondoD,
sr, Lon-
id Lon-

COIJNiV OK .Mn)lJI,K8KX.

Sov. II: '•''-Rten SZr,^" '/-'^ "*»' ««'>«"•'«. of Westminster
. . 7' Alexander Ihiinmu fn iiiii°„..~ ni._i.

Juno 24,
July 1,

AiiR. r., "

.Sei)t. 12, "
Sept, 20, "
Oct. 10, "
Nov. 4, "

Nov. 9, "

I>cc. 14, "

Dec. 18, "

Dec. 1,^ "
Jan. 1)S, 1838

iMay 15, "

June a, "
July y,

Ai 1 ,n, ''" ^"""i-y flici'a , of Kkfriil

Alexander Thomas to Juliana Clirk nr r„„i

K;1--,a'nr?^ Ma^/yTsa^iS^oV V^F^

John Wson to Mary liioito, of London
Samuel L. Sumner to Ca/iah Sohn.s,o London
Henj. Sumner to Mary I'iatt, of Lomlom "'

i nTamin's " ^^f^' S«»to«, of Delawar^ "

. iSTsSr^.i;"ffi-?'^r-

d';;- g' ^'^f-'-J"'"' ^If all"", to Mary McKella,, of Kkfrid
April 1 ' .. ■°t xlTu '° '^'*7 ^^'"^'■»>'' o' KkWd

June 1 ■' Henn Fh-ot?„i„^'""pnV''Lean, ofDunwich.

June 29 " (r! V ,? . , ^"'"^'* *^"'<'". o' Ekfrid

June 2.., Malcolm McAIpino to Nancy McAlpin" 'of Ekfrid

1835-John M.l .arn.id to Mary Ilnrges , of N 1,,,.;
Thomas Morgan to Kachel Kosser, of L™

,o„- i} '"'*"' 1 'okart to Mary A Pickwl nf ^r; '";

■■''"Srn Y" *" ^? "^"' oftlubn.'^ •"""•'•

■losiah D Burgess to Jemima Near, of Nissouri
te ir;r[^' '^ KleanorSimons: o[ L bo ""•
.10 in C. Holding to Ksther Markham, of Niasn„ri
John Kohner to Mary A. Edwards, of Dorchester
Joremiali Dorman to Catherine Matthew, nfr ,
James G. Barnes to Sarah J Withers of W^[ ^ "'^°"-
Is 18-5S ^''°"'^V"*''j'g°oJtoMarillarin .'''■°'^'''°""-

f: f -S^PS- ?Ss-rsS:7kouri
Cin^i ^^r S, ^Soi^S ^S?; ^^^:.f ^- ^--"^- Baptist
Jo,seph Alwood and Chri.sten McKay, o? n!,S. '"''"^^ '^'"'^ ^^^^"°

Nov,

May

July

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

July

May

Aug. 30J

Dec. 2,

Dec. 6,

Dec. 28,

Jan.

Mar

1^.
10,

20,
24,
14,
21,

HISTOUY OK TIIK

Diigiild Sincliiir, a Baptist minister, vecorded the foUowinj:; certifi-
cates : —

Meli. 2, ISSf)— John McKclIar to Sarah LivinRHtone, of Mesa.
Apr. '2S, " Coli|iiliouii C8iii])l)ull to Catharine Sinclair, of Adelaide.
July SI, " Alex. Cunipbcll to Jannet MoArthur, of Carado?.
Auj;. 25, " .lohn iMcOngan to Sarah McTajrgart, of Williams.
Dec. ;!, " Donald McDonald to Mary McTaggart, of Lobo.
Feb. !), 1836 — Adonija Degraw to Lsabella McNeil, of Caradoc.

Rev. Du!,'ald Sinclair, of tlio Baptist Society, also registered the fol-
lowing marriages : —

Jan. ]l, 1S36— Donald Campbell to Margaret Brown, of Williams.

Nov. 21, " Alex. (Iralmm to Ann Stuart, of Lobo.

Dec. 11, " Duncan McLean to Catherine McKinloy, of Lobo.

Rev. Sanuiel I'.aker, of the Regular Raplist (.'hurch, of Malahide,
registered the following : —

Feb. "), 1836 — John McLachlin to Catherine McKenzie, of Willianistown,
Mar. 20, " George Sloot to Sarah He.st, of Westminster,
.luly U), 1S37 — W^illiam F, Curry to Susannah Moses, of Mosa.

Rev. iJavid Wright, of the W. M. Church, united in matrimony,

.Ian. 17, 1838— John Frank and Hester Walters, of Westminster.

Rev. Wm. McDermond, a Calvinist Baptist, united,

May 6, 183,") — Phillip Rosier and Maria Edwards, of London.

Rev. Jo.seph Merrill, of the Bayham Bajitist Church, united.

Sept. 26, ISSij— James H. Stephenson to Eliza Dunmead, of Dorchester.

Rev. Nichols French, of West Oxford Regular Baptist Church,
united : —

Sept. 30, 1831 — Hiram German to Sarah Brigham, ii issouri.
Oct. 11, 1835 — Samuel Herrin to Mary Whiting, of Dorchester.
June 17, 1837^Thoma8 Sriuires, of Dorchester, to Catherine Bentley.

Rev. J. R. Lavelle, a Universalist minister, made the first marriage
record of his church at London, as follows : —

April 25, 1850 — Bartholomew Swartz to Sylvanio Shotwell, of Westminster.

The marriages solemnized by Rev. Thomas Huckins, of the Free
Will Baptist Church, of London, are as follows : —

Feb. ■), 1833 — Jo.seph Miller to Susannah Hampton, of London.

April 15, •' Hugh Stevenson to Catherine Donaldson, of London.

July 16, " Peter Sc'vis to Sarah A. Phroman, of London.

Aug. 28, " Charles Mann to Sarah Jaynes, of London.

Oct. 10, " David Duke to Maria Whitehead, of Biddulph.

Dec. 31, " Wm. Patterson to Jane Marckel, of London.

Jan. 13, 1834 — John W. White to Elizabeth Buchner, of London.

Jan. 21, " Edward P. Godfrey to Mary Moore, of Southwold.
Mar. 16, ' John Frasier to Almeda Gilbert, of Southwold.
April 8, " Jacob Eberly to Sarah Mills, of Oxford.

COLNTY OF M1L)DLK.SK.\.

5»

itifi-

P11

fol-

lahi(.U',

•iiuoiiv,

L'hurch,

carriage

er.

he Frt'O

May 4,
May 13,
June 2(5,

1S34

Auk- 10,
Nov. 11,

' '

Nov. 16,

Dec. 24,

Dec. :«>,

•>

Jan. i;i.

l.S3.'>

Jan, l(i.

•'

Sept. l."").
Jan. 2)1,

18:ii!

Mar. 2'.t,

i •

Mav 23,

May 24,
Juno 10,

t i

Auk. «,
AuK. !),
Auk. 31,

Sept. 18,
Nov. V2,

,'.■

-Daniel Root to Rhoda Fuller, of Warwick.

Stephen (iridin to Klizabeth Mcriierson, of Southwold.

(loorKi^ W. Ro.is to Diailonia Paul, of Hiililulph.

John Fralick to Annis i'icrce, of London.

Alliert KUice to ,Iano A. Reynolds, of London.

Ral|ih Little to Maranda rurcha.sc, of London.

Levi VftU(?han to .Mary Scott, of London.

Roliert HolnicM to .MarKaret Keckord, of Duuwich.
-Azarah \V. Clark to Ann .SarviH, of London.

Archihald Trice to Ann MonaKhaii, of London.

Cornelius WillianiH to Klizalieth Di'tields. of .Mosa.
-Samuel Muiiro to Kleanor liauKhart. of Wefitiuinster.

Robert Mrowii to .Sarah Attwood, ol Dunwich.

AKxander Wear to Jano HodKiuH, of Tiondoii.

James 1'. llnrri.s to Martha Jack.son, of Dereham.

William .SnclKrove to Kleanor Adkins, of Caradoc.

Caleb Willcox to Jano llartlett, of Mosa.

Horace Cooley to /olpha Mo.ses, of .Mosa.

Cornelius .lones to Ilurriet Abry, of Fjondon.

Aloiizo Smith to Lucy II\il)bard, of Mosa.

F. Finley, of I'lympton, to Ann Sharp, of London.

In 1847, Itcv. D. Stophenstm Stav was preaclun- in this district.

Coitf/vei/ittiniial Clnuvh. — The Con.^iv^aliimal Cliiircli was n']ii'o-
S(!nted in the London District in 18o5, for on 0(?t. 15 tiial year Itev.
Win. Lyall tool-: the oath and was authorized to celehrato niarria<i;e.
To llev. WilHain Clarl<c, liowever, tlio credit is ,<,'iven of cstalilisliing
tliis form of worship in 183S. Tlie ministers wlio succeeded liim or
fdled tlie pulpit witiiin the old county durinj,' the followiuij; years are
named as follows: — W. I'. Wastcli, Southwold, 18-4o; Joseph Silco.x,
Southwold, 184.~)-o0 ; Edward Ehbs, London, 1846 ; Jcjhn Dm'rant,
London, 1847; W. II. Alworth. Port Stanley, 1848; W. F. Clarke,
London, 1849.

Early dotigrec/utional Marritujes. — The first record made by a
Congregational minister was that made by Rev. William Clarke, as
follows : —

Jan. 15, 1838 — John Dent to Ellen Delaney, of Zorra.

" Edward Watson to Elizabeth Woods, of London.

" John CU'KK to Letitia Feret, of London.

" Samuel Stanstield to Mary A. James, of London,

" Robert Thonii)son to Martha McCadden, of Adelaide.

•' Thomas Warner to Jemima Smith, of AniherstburK.

" John Marshall to Catherine Atkinson, of London.

" Merrill S. Avres to Martha E. Hurch, of London.

" John F. 0'>feill to Phebe Sweet, of London.
1839— Wm. .laekson to Rhoda Siddal, of Mosa.

■' John Henderson to Rachel A. O'Dell, of Westminster.

" John L. Swart to Martha Manning, of Westminster.
" Robert Ivearns to Ann Candless, of London.
" Elijah Payne to Margaret Wheaton, of London.
" Peter Ross to Louisa Elliott, of Ekfrid

" John Heattio to Elizabeth Elliott, of Westminster.

" Thomas Boston to Mary A. Jones, of Lobo.
" Samuel Bond to Mary A. Campbell, of London.

•' AVilliam Young to Mary Parker, of London.
" John Gubbins to Sophia Reynolds, of London.
" Porter Stevens to Hannah Eldridgc, of Westminster.

May
June

25,

June

!»,

Juno

11,

July

Sept.
Deo.

23,
3,

18,

Jan.

10,

.fan.

30,

Feb.

13,

Mar.

fi.

Mar.

13.

Mar.

27.

Apr.
May
May
May
May

28,

11,

13,

May

■23,

.luill'

1'2,

June

13.

Svyt.

1!».

Oct.

IS,

Oct.

;«),

Oct.

yi,

Nov.

■1,

Nov.

28,

Dec.

an,

.Ian.

.Inn.

IM,

60 HISTOUY OK TIIK

23, 1839— Calfb (irinitli to Carolini' Morris, of fjondon.

" .lohn WooliiiKton to Ann Weir, of Loncloii.

" IClcazcr McCarthy to Mary A. licvonu, ol Dorrhestur.

" 'i'lionias Dark to (iraic Kottpnl)ury, of London.

" Natlianici LawNon to Ann ThoniaH, of liondon.

" Kalpli Sniitli to Mary Davison, of I,ond(in.

" VVm\. Dickson to Margaret Anid, of Warwick.

" .lohn Chirkc to rrudinic Hailcy, of NiN.souri.

" Neil Munroe to Flora llaro, of Westminster.

" ,lose[ih .Mowrcy to Alary A (iullin, of London.

" Lorenzo D. Cook to Mary Steiniiotf, of London

" .lames S. Stcinliolf to .Mary Cook, of London,

1810 -Henry I'almcr to M.ihala Carter, of London.

" .lohn Lodge to Kleanor Koote, of Soiitinvold.

Mcfliiitrinl Church — Wcslcviin Mctliodi.sm in Ciinada diitos hack to
Oct. 7, 178(i, wlicu (Jeovf^e Neiil, an Irisliiiiaii, wlio settled on tlic
(Jiinadiiin side of tlie Niagara, jncaelieil liio docti'ine of Joliii Wesley.
J)uiiiij,' the IJevolution hi; was a major in llie Ihilisli cavalry. Prior to
this, liowever, Capt. Weblt and ('oniniissary Tiiiley, of the 44tli
Infantry, preached the same doctrine to the <,'arrisons. In 1788,
Kxhorter Lyons ja'caclied at Adol]>hn.stown, and Jam(!S McCarthy, an
Irishman, at Karnesttown. In 17i)(), Wm. Lossce, the tir.st regnlar
Methodist ju'eacher, came, lie was a U. E. Loyalist, who managed to
stay in the States nntii that year. In 1791, however, he ajipeared in
the role of a Methodist K])isco]ialian. In 180o, the first cam]) meeting
was held on the south shore of Hay Hay. Among the preacheis were
Revs. Henry Kyan, an Irishman; Wm. Case, Madden, liangs, Keeler
and Pickett. Kyan was known from Montreal to Sandwich, having
travelled the entire district on regular circuit work. The first Methodist
church was built at Adolphustown, in 1792, in which year a second
hous(! was erected at Earnesttown. In 1816, Westminster was set ofl'
as a Methodist circuit, iis rcdated in the history of that townshi]), and
from this beginning spread out the many .Methodist circuits and ajjjwint-
ments of Middlesex, the history of which is told in the sketches of the
municii«ilities.

In 1826, Henry Ryan raised the cry, " Loyal Methodism vs.
Republican Methodism." This cry was countenanceil and paid for by
J)r. Strachan, of the English Church, on behalf of his g(jvernment, and
carried out so yn-actically by liyan, that the Canadian Wesleyau
M(!thodist Church became a name in the history of the Dominion in
1827. He was quick at re])artee. On one occasion a village wag, one
of a crowd, askwl him if he had heard the news ^ " What news ?"
"Why," said the wag, "that the devil is dead." "Ah, well," re-
sponded Ityan, looking around the crowd, " he has, indeed, left a great
many fatherless children."

In 1874, the Methodist New Connexion Church, and some other
forms of Christianity, entered the (Janadian Wesleyau body, and all
assumed the name, Methodist Church of Canada. In 1884, the
Episcopal Methodists and Bible Christians entered the Union, so it
may be said that to-day Henry Ryan's idea of 1826 is au accomplished
fact.

"It

COU.NTY (iK MII)ni,F,.HKX.

iism vs.
ll for by
nit, and
''osleyau
iiiion in
Ivat', one
news i
lell," re-
a great

he other
[and all
^84, the
fn, so it
lupUshed

Oct. 14,

18:M

l)(!f. U,

Dec. 31,

.Ian. 1,

i83ri

Jan. 1,

Jan. 2«,

Jan. 2'.»,

April ;l,

April 11),

April 28,

I'Aiiiy Mifliixl'inf MtirniKjcM. — Ucv. John Houtty, n Wealcyau
.Mclhddist uiinistur, ivcurdi'd this followinj,' {•ortiticates of nian'i(i|,'u : —

Xov. 20, 1833 — .lolin Nixon to Janu .lacksdn, of Lomlun.

i)p<'. I, " Williiini WhceliT to Mciinda Kliiiiigau, of London.

\hv. 18, " Ira Allen to .Iiiiiii (ictliy, of Fiolii).

Jan. 13, 1831 YuncI .May to Mary iJrownc, of NiN.souri.

Jan, 21, " Anilrcw Nertx to Mary Suinnior, o( Westminster,

Rev. .Tamos Jackson, of tlit! Wcsleyan Methodist Church, of the
I,iiiid(tn District, solemnized tliese mairiayes : —

N'ov, 18, 18.'iJ .(ohn I,aml>ort to Mary Ann Smith, of Lolio.

Kel), 12, KS.i,'') — .lames C. .Smith, ol London, to Lucy McDougal, of .Soiithwolil.

llev. Lsaac Newton Dnfjan West, of the Weslcyaii Methodist
Church, jierfonned the marriaj,'e ceremony in the following instances : —

-.lohn Stanley to Kli/a Atkinson, of London.
Warren Yotiiif; to Susan Heastidds, of Lomlon.
Iliram Dell to Anne Frank, of Westminster.
-William Wilson to Klizaheth Uevans, (;f Nissouri.
Joel Moriarity to Lui!y A. lievans, of Nissouri.
Koswell Forbes to Kliza Lamoure, ot London.
William .Stinolf to Kliza Holt, of Yarmouth.
Henry McKay to Uebecca Patrick, of London.
Alexander liane to Mary Lewis, of Zorra.
Au>;ustus Hicks to Alvira Itarucs, of London.

Rev. William (IrilUs, of the Wcsleyan Methodist Church, jf)ineil
the following named jiersoiis in matrimony : —

Sept. 4, 1!>34— Daniel Freeman to Lsabella Mailey, of Nissouri.

Oct. 29, " .Joseph ISarnes to Klcanor Williams, of London.

,Ian. 13, LS35— James N. Holmes to Margaret Sutton, of Westminster.

Mar. 18, " William Patterson to Eliza Hrethwait, of London.

April 7, " William I{o.ss to Amanda Hcntley, of London.

April 11, " .lacob Wilsie to Eleanor Manning, of Westminster.

May 19, " Wm. McFaddcn to Lucinda Walcot, of London.

May 20, " .lames Thompson to Catherine Murphy, of London.

May 21, ' Wni. Jackson to Margaret Webster, oi London.

May 2t), " Charles (1, Bostwick to Evis Manning, of Westminster.

Nov. 4, 183.') — ,Iohn Jones to Ann Jane Curry, of Mosa.

Nov. 4, " Oeorge Curry to Elizabeth Jones, of Alosa.

Feb, 24, 1836— James Gardiner to Rebecca Flemon, of Mosa.

Rev. John S. Atwood, of the Wesleyau Methodist Church, married
this couple : —

Oct. 4, 1835— Silas R. Hall to Jane S, Hyde, both of Dorchester,

Rev. Dugald Campbell, of the Baptist Church, of Aklboroiigli,
recorded the following certilicates : —

-Robert McAlpiiie to Hetty McLachlin, of Mosa.
Duncan McPhail to Mary .McCalluni, of Zone.
Archiliald Murray to Flora McAlpine, of Ekfrid.
Donald Smith to Isabella Mitchell, of Ekfrid.
Duncan McCall to Sarah Haggart, of Lobo.
John McCall to Catherine McCall, of Lobo.
D. McCalluni to Mary Black, of Dunwich.

Feb. 2,

1836

Feb. 25,

Mar. 1,

Mar. 29,

Mar 31,

April 4,

June 14,

HISTOKY OK rilK

Rev. C. ViiiHlerHoii, of tho Wesloyivn Mothodist Clmrcli, imitod tlio
fdUowing couples : —

Dec. 12, 18;)8— Nathan Choat to Carolino OiMw, of .St. TliomaH.
Feb., " TliDiiias Allen to Mcli«Mii (Jri'Kory, ot .St. TIiouuim.

Uvv. David Wi'ij,'lit, of the Woshiyan Mothodist Chiireli, lecordi'd
tlie fdllowiu'' iimrriii<'es: —

IHIJf,-

Dfi'.

Dec.

Feb.

Fob.

Feb.

Apri

.Fiiiie

.S,.p.

Oct.

Nov,

Dec.

.Ian.

Mar.

Feb.

April .'),

May 3,

May 24,

Auk. 10.
Oct. 6,
Nov. 9,

Eov. J.
marriages a.s follow.s :

1837

10,

;n.

IN,
18,
2!t,
ill,
I 21,
2!»,

I',

27,
1.1.
2.1,
10,
21,

Simoon Morrell to Kleanor liuacli, of Oxford.
" Hubert Itarrie to .Maria VandttlmrKli, of Tiomloa.
183(1— .Idhu Taylor to Martlia WilliM, of London.
" (luoriio Monully to K.liza A. ManniuK. of WiwtminHter.
■' (iL'orKe .Sweuten to .Mary flardncr, of Adelaiilc.

Alexander Cai loron to Mary Wcstby, of Tiii kcrsmith.

William JaclcHon tu Kli/abctli Clialmon, of London.

.lolin ArnistronK to Sarali YomiK. of Tuckersiiiith.

Henry II (^"onistoek to Liicretia Strowbrid^e, of Westniin.>tter.

Edward Mutton to Ann lieynolds, of London.

.James Stewins to Ann Swart, of London.

Wel.sie .Manninj; to Amanda Simsoii, of Wentminster.
1837— Uenjamin Wooillnill to Lucinda .Miner, of Delaware.
" TliomaH (Jiicst to .Mary .McRoliert. of fiondon.
" .lohn Kcarns to I'c.rlina Scliram, of liOndon.
" .lames Mcllmuritty to Ann .lolinston, of Ailolaido.
" .lames llryani to Klizabeth Ayers, of WestndiiHter.
" Andrew Yaks to Wealthy Crouse. of Westminster.

Uev. .1. K. Williston to Kleanor Morden, of Weatminster.
" (ieorfje McConnell to Kliza Willi.s, of London.
" George W. Albee to Hannah Vail, of London.

I'laimgaii, of tlio Wcsleyaii Metliocii.st Church, .solemnized

Ira .M. Sumnor imd Elizabeth Merrill, of London.
" Charles Houg and Hannah .1. Day, of Hipiiii.

Kev. Edmund SLuuey, a Wesleyan minister, made the followin;,'
record : —

Sept. 17, 1837— William H. V. Hill to Mary Stevens, of London.
Oct. 3, " Leonard O'Dell to lUcliel Norton, of Dorchester.
Mar. 27, 1838 — Simeon Sanborn to .Mahala Hartshorn, of London,
April 23, •' .lohn Willis to .Susan Shaw, i.i' London.
May 30, " Geo. Alway to .Ian(! ArnistroMg, of Lobo.
Aug. 29, " Daniel .Morden to Eliza . I. Koidson, of London.
Sept. 11, " Gabriel Willeia to Catherine O'Dell, of Westminster.
Sept. 10, " Geo. Oliver to .Mary A. Percival, of London.
Sept. 20, " Artliu:- McGerry to Charlotte Towe, of London.

Thomas Fawcett, of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, recorded the
following marriage certificate : —

Feb,

28,

1838— Ezekial Caldwell to Sarah Sutton, both of Westminster.

I , ^ 1

Rev. Caleb Burdick, of the li. N. A. Methodist Church, united

these couples : —

Aug. 15, 1833— Adoram Frank to Eliza Hodgson, of Westminster.

Jan. 19, 1835 — Wni. Conly to Mary Walker, of Dorchester.

Jan. 21, " Truman Burgess to Carolino Furry.

Aug. 17, " Amos Ferrin to Anna Cornwall, of Dorchester.

Mar. 22, 1836 — John McLarity, of Yarmouth, to Anna McArthur, of Dorchester.

June 29, 1837 — Jacob Stover, of Dorchester, to Ann Froman, of Maladide,

(OUNTY OK MIDKLKSKX.

J(l llio

SCOllll'tl

iiiiistcr.

ter.

jlemnizwl

fullowiti;^

Ijorded the

er.

ell, united

: Dorchester.
Ikdide.

Ki'V. I{()lK.!it Karl, u Woslcyaii, ,j<tiiied in matrimony: —

Oct. 2, 18.17— .li'liM MorK«n, of Warwick, to Kli/nlirtli Hii^'Iu'm, oI I.omlon,
Nov. 8, " Kciibiii AtlaiiiH, of Malaliiile, to .Mary .liiim I.ittlc, uf WcNttiiiiiHtor.

Kev. John Sliilton, of the Canadian WesU^yan Methodist Chnich,
made the following reconl : —

Jan. 0, 18.'i7 — lU'iijiiniin .Shilton to Ilannal. Chapiiiaii. of Kalei^'li.
Mar. 1*, " .loliii (liiMiii'iiiiix til Sarali CIc'iiii'iit, of Muna.
Mar. 13, " Howard Allen to (;atlicriiii' lirakc of .Mosa.
Mar. l.'i, " Thoinas Drakii lo .Mary .1. Kvflainl, of .Mosa.
April IH, " William Wilson to Eliznbuth HulF, of /one.

Kcv. .liiMu's Px'Il, 11 (,'iiniidiiui Wcslcyan Mt'thodist jnvaclior, nindo
the f()llowin<{ loconi : —

Jan. 2, IMIJS— ,[i)lin Littlo to Mary A. ratti!n>on. of Westminster.
April 10, " 'riionia.s Oir to Alii^ail Tyrrell, of Westminster.
May 17, " James Owry to Kliza Orr, of Westminster.
.Sept. 2ti, '' Aliram Lewis to Charlotte Patterson, of Westminster.
Get. 17, " lienjamin lieiitley to C'liristian .Stringer, of liaylium.
Nov. 27, " Jared Klwood to Kosanna Talnmn, of Westminster.

Mvfliodht Ckuirh cont'niucd. — Tlio Ali-thodist Episcopal Church
was contcinjMiviuy with, if not ]pai't of, tlio Wt'sleyaii Society. In
liSli7-8 the Henry Uyan rolii^'ioiis rehellioii closed oil' the American
form, and from tliat period to 1S(S4 l'".pis('opal Methodism was known
liero. In tlie early marria,i,'e record— relating' to dissiiiiters from the
En;4lish Church — many of tlu! early ministers are mimed ; while, in
the liistory of the circuits of Miildlesex from ISltj to IHliS, the pioneer
]ireachers all find mention. In Ajail, IH.il, Kev. .Samuel jlolton, of
the Methodist Kiiiscojial Churcii of Yarmouth, applied for permit to
j)erform the mairiajie ceremony, and took tlu; oath of allej,'iunce.
Thomas Harmon, of Westminster, and Caleb I'urdick, of Malahide,
also took the oath, witli Abner Matthews, Matthew Wliitiiig, Thomas
Whiteliead ami Asahel Jlidbert. IJev. -Tohn Hailey, of Nissouri, took
the oath of allei^iance in October, 1835, and was authorized to perform
the marriage ceremony.

I'rior to and immediately after the troubles of lS.'i7-S, Methodist
E])iscopal preachers were looked ujioii with .some ])olitical su.spicion ;
but they rushed forward in numbers to take the oath of allegiance.
Among the leading ministers from IH.'IO to 18.^1 were: — .John H.
Houston, 1839, Norwich; James Mitchell, 1840, London; George
Turner, 1839, London; Cliarles I'ettys, 1840, London; David Griffin,
1840, Bavham ; Thomas Webster, 1840, London; IJernard Markle,
1844, Mosa; Ben.son Smith, 1843, London; W. 1). Hughes, 1843,
Westminster; James Nixon. 1843, Malahide; Nathan I'arke, 184,"),
Mosa ; Samuel Dunnett, 1846, Delaware ; liansom Dexter, 184r>,
Malahide; Henry Gilmore, 1846, Malahide; John Gibson, 184(),
London ; Abram 11. Hoy, 1847, Malahide ; Nathan Parke, 1847,
Chatham; Hiram A. Eraser, 1848, Caradoc; Matthew McGill, 1849*
Caradoc; Schuyler Stewart, 1848, Malahide; Wm. Cope, 1849'

(J4

IIISTOUY OK THK

/I !'

Caradoc; Gooi'uu I'. Harris, 1849, Dorchester; J, VV. Jacobs, 1S51,
Yarmouth; Sylvester L. Kerr, 1851, London; Thomas Davis, 1851,
Ekfrid.

Mavv of the above-named, sucli as Dr. Webster, have served the
district up to the union ^vitll tlie Cantidian Methodists in 1884.
London District, in 1880, cliiimed the followinj,' ministers : — Rev. E.
Lounsbmy, I'residiiif,' Elder ; London City, M. Dimmick, O. (1. Colla-
more; London Circuit, John Laycock; St. Mary's, Nissouri, J. 15.
Cutler, J. Bloodsworth ; 'riiamesibid, C. M. Thomjison ; St. Thomas,
11. C. Parsons ; Southwold, S. Knott, (J. \V. Bristol ; Dorchester, N.
Dickie; Sprin-;lield, A. Keiniedy ; Parkhill M. (V 'Tin ; Thedibrd, E.
(i. I'elley ; (loderich, G. A. Francis; Seaforth, C. W. Vollick ;
Brussels, D. Ecker ; Ingcrsoll, W. H. Shaw ; Embro, AL H. Bartrani ;
Stanley, K. A. Ilowey ; Maitland, W. N. Vallick ; Westminster, J. T.
Davis, T. B. Brown; Aylmer, J. Ferf,'u.son ; Malahido, W. Fausher,
W. M. Tec])le ; Tilsonburg, J. IJose ; Norwich, W. Benson, W. E.
Giilbrd; ilt. Elgin, J. Gardiner, I). C. L. ; VieuTia, W. A. Shaw;
Walsingham, Thos. Graham ; Sweaborg, A. Scratch.

In 1881 the following named ])resid(!d over the several circuits: —
London, M. Dinunick ; London Circuit, B. C. ^Moore ; Ingcrsoll, W.
H. Shaw, B. Laurence (su]ierannuated) ; St. Mary's and Nissouri, C.
M. Thomp.son, J. Mitchell; Thamesford, M. H. Bartrani, II. Service
(superamuuited) ; F'mbro, K. J. Warner, B A. ; Sweaborg, John Wood ;
Dorchester, M. Griflin ; Westminster, J. T. Davis, J. Bloodworth ; St.
Thomas, W. G. Brown, B. B Itogers, A. A. C. ; Southwold, W. Fan-
sher, T. J. Brown ; I'arkhill, J. Laycock ; (ioderich, G. A. Erancis ;
Bosan(iuet, S. Knott ; Seaforth, C. w". Vollick ; Maitland, W. N. Vol-
lick ; Stanley, N. Dickie, E. Ling ; Norwich, O. G. Collamore, C. A.
Moore; Aylmer, J. Ferguson; Sprinj.field, A. Kennedy; Malahide,
J. Rose, T. J.Smith; Tilsonburg, G. A. I'ilcher; Mt. Elgin, J. Gardiner;
Vienna, A. Scratch, D. Gritlin ; Walsingham, W. Scurr.

In 1882, Rev. J. (Gardiner presided over the district with M. H.
Bartram and B. C. Moore, of London ; J. Ferguson and C. A. Moore,
of Mt. Elgin ; W. N. Vollick, of Nissouri ; A. Scratch, of Endiro ;
John Wood, of Sweaborg ; M. Griffin, of Dorchester ; W. H Shaw
and T. J. Smith, of Westminster, and J. Laycock, Parkhill. Strathroy
and other circuits, such as Newbury, belonged to other districts ; Dr.
Webster, of the latter place, being a resident worker of the church in
this county for almost half a ceTitury. In 1884 the union of this
church with the Methodist Church of Canada was eH'ected.

Early Methodist Ejmcopal Murniujes. — The earliest record of
marriages dates back to 1831, when E])hraim Smith, a minister of the
Gospel, sent to the Clerk the following certificates : —

April 24, 1831 — Lorenzo D. Bates to Mary Karl.
May 4, " Jolni Sharj) to Martha Smith.
Oct. 30, " Samuel Healy to Christiana Howell.
Jan. 26, 1832— Eli Cross to Anna Smith.

COUNTY OK MinnLESEX.

1«51,
1851,

iA the

1884.
lev. E.

Collii-

J. 15.
'lioraas,
iter, N.
:ovd, E.
/■ollick ;
avtvaiu ;
er, .1. T.
Fausber,
, W. E.
. Shaw ;

•cuits : —
vsoll,\V.
5S0iu'i, C.
L Service
111 Wood ;
orth; St.
W. Fan-
Erancis ;
N. Voi-
re, 0. A.
iMalahide,
[Gardiner ;

litli M. H.
A. Moore,
[f Enibro;
I. H Shaw

Strathroy
bicts; Di.

church in
Ion of this

record of
Iter of the

■v

Feb. 16, 1S32— .lohii Maher to Lodico Smith.
Mar. 16, " David T. Duncan to Mary Gillett.
Mar. 24, " Chris. L. Barnes to Amy Otis.

The gi-eater number of above resided in Norwich Township.

Tiie following recorded marriages were solemnized by Rev. Thos.
Whitehead, of the Methodist Ejiiscopal Church: —

Oct. 14, 1832— Jasper H. Gooding to Mary Good, of Goderich.
Nov. .'i, " Thomas B. Hale to Jane Willaon, of Goderich.
Nov. 11, " ■\Villiani Holland to Kliza Hicks, of Goderich.
Ai)ril 17, 1833— Thomas Webster to Mary Bailey, of Nissonri.
July 10, " Arthur Siiuires to Lydia Carter, of Stanley.

The marriages solemnized l)y llev. Ezra Adams, of the Methodist
Episcopal Cliurcli, of the London District, are recorded as follows : —

July

Oct.

Xov.

Nov.

Jan.

Feb.

Dec.

Fob.

1S32— Thomas Hurlburt to Betsy A. Adams, of Caradoc.
" Jackson Statl'ord to Isabella Nickald, of Southwold.
Carroll to Lydia Kelly, of Mosa.

13, " John Philips to Harriet Caswell, of Westminster.
20, " James Xash to Keziah Lockwood, of Caradoc.
31, 1833 — Seneca Edwards to .Mary Curry, of Mosa.
20, " \Vm. Provost to Sally Siddal, of Dunwich.
20, " Horace Kelly to Nancy Provost, of Mosa.

3, 1S34- Criviu Davison to Jane Nichols, of Ekfrid.

4, 183.5 — Ijhn Coyne to Elizabeth Neal.

Jan.

28,

Feb.

10,

Apr.

15,

May

(i.

May

«,

Alay

«,

July

29,

Rev. Jesse Owen, of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli, i)erformed
the ceremony of maiTiage in the following cases : —

1833 — William Hodgman to Ann McGogan, of Caradoc.

" James Clarke to Harriet Ramsay, of Caradoc.

" Allen Fox to Jane Hunt, of London.

" Belah King to Maria Dickison, of London.

■' Charles Dickisou to Elizabeth Neadham, of London.

" Cyrus Hawlcy to Eliza Smith, of London.

" John Geary to Eliza Hasket, of London.

" Moses Willson to Eliza Bailey, of Nissouri.

" John Jackson to Nancy Sawtle, of London.

Aug. 28, " John Wheaton to Jane Clark, of London.

Rev. John Bailey, of the Methodist Episcoyial Church, united : —

J'-'y 4, 1837 — Charles Pettys to Mary Nixon, of Nissouri.

Rev. Charles Pettys, of the same denomination, married the
following : —

Sept. 20, 1837— Cyrus P. Meriam to Margaret McBean, of EkI'rid.
Oct. 19, 1838 — Alonzo Charles to Lucy Blackmore, of Mosa.

Daniel IMcket, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, united:

Oct. 8, 1834 —James Nixon to Annie Nichols, of London Township.*

Bible Chnstiarfi. — The Bible Christian Church may be said to
have been established at London in 1869. In that circuit in 1871
there were two itinerant and nine local preachers, four places of wor-

* These marriage notices are copied from old and Imperfect records, and, doubtless,
contain errors, for which, owing to thi care employed In these pages, the publishers are not
accountable.

I'iii'

HISTORY OF THE

sliij), and 179 inombers. liev. W. JoUiHie and J. Collins were pastors.
Jn 1873 W. Keener was at London. J. J. Itice came in 1875, and in
1876 he, with F. M. Wliitlock vere ministers. In 1877 S. J. Allin
iissisted Mr. liice, <ind the latter in 1878 took charge uT the two cir-
cnits, Londcm East and South; hut in 1879 the circuit >.iis divided, as
shown in the local history of this society. The 12th annual meeting
was held in May, ISSU, within their church at London South, when
tlu^ following named ministers and laymen were present : — Kevs. \V.
Hooper (Su]Kirintendenl), T. R. Hull, W. Ayers, W. Quance, J.Archer,
G. H. Copelaiid, 11. Mallett, B. A , T. Mason, W. Kollins and S. .1.
Cunnings ; Messrs. J. Lsaac, J. Cole, W. Gerry, W. Field, J. Small,
W. Jennings, E. Johnson and 11. Keiniedy. The otlicers a])pointed
were Rev. W. Rollins, Secretary ; Rev. R. Alallett, Journal Secretary ;
Rev. G. H. Copeland, Reporter for the Observer; and the ministers: —
London Centre, Rev. \V. (j)uance; London East, Rev. G. H, Copeland;
Loudon South, Rev. W. Rollins; Lambeth, Rev. T. Mason; Dereham,
Rev. T. R Hull; Ingersoll, Rev. J. Archer; St. Thoma,s, Rev. W.
Hooper. A])pointments continued to he made annually until the
union of 1884, when the liil)le Clnistians lost their distinctive title
and became a jiart of the Methodist Church of Canada. In the
chapters devoted to local history the several churches of this society
are noticed.

Luflieraus. — The Lutheran Church in Canada dates back to 1790,
when a building, known as Zion Church, was erected east of Kingston,
and Rev. Schwerfeyer, of Albany X. Y., called as jiastor. About this
time a Mr. Myers, of Philadelphia, resided in Maryslnirgh Townshij),
where a large number of Palatinates and other German loyalists had
sought refuge. His mission was not successful, so that in 1807 he
returned to Peimsylvania, Rev, j\Ir. Weant, who preached at Ernest-
town, and in 1S08, at Matilda, found but poor sH])port, and in 1811
joined the English Church clandestinely ^L Quebec. Returning, he
continued to preach to his people, who found him using the Book of
Common Prayer, and wearing a surplice — cause sufficient for his
dismissal. In 181-4, Mr. Myers was recalled, but finding that Weant
had ])Osse.s.'jion of the building, had to resort to dijilomacy to obtain its
use for worshi]). In 1817, Myers also joined the English Church.
Both were addicted to brandy-drinking and consequent drunkenness,
Myers dying from the eil'ects of a fall.

MiscclUmcous Socidics. — The Quakers or Society of Friends,
introduced their faith in 1790, when David Sand and Elijah Hick held
services at James Noxen's house, Adolphustown. They had a house
of worship erected tlun'e, the first in Canada ; the second being at
Sophia.sburg. Jo,sei)h Leavens, who died in 1844, in his 92nd year,
was one of the leading ]jreachers of the society.

The Mennonites claim to l)e direct descendants of the Vandois or
Waldenses, who, during the latter ])art of the twelfth century, were
driven by oppression into Holland, and who lived there a scattered

f 1

!' 1

k-J

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

.stovs.
,nd in
Alliu
ro cii-
icd, as
eeting
when
^s. W.
Richer,
(1 S. J.
Small,
jiointed
retary ;
ters : —
peland ;
srehain,
lev. W.
itil tlie
ve title
In the
1 society

,0 1790,
Kingston,
out this
Dwnshi]),
ists had
807 he
Ernest-
1811
g, he
iook of
for his
Weaut
blain its
Church,
euuess,

Friends,
ick held
a house
behig at
hid year,

audois or
ury, were
scattered

sect until the sixteenth century, when Menno Simon, a refonned
priest, gathered them together and organized them into i compact
religious body, to which he gave his name. Because of the principles
they held they still suil'ered persecution, even to the extent of martyr-
dom, and finally a large body of Aleimonites emigrated from Holland
to the United States and settled in and around Pennsylvania, about
the close of the seventeenth century. Here they found the freedom
of worship from wliich they had been so long debarred, and flourished,
a prosperous community. But after a century of peace the war of
tlie American Independence overshadowed the land, and, among many
others, a few of tliese people, preferring to remain under British rule,
left their pleasant homesteads to travel northward. Over the extensive
uncultivated spaces between Pennsylvania and the border line they
journeyed, nor paused until they settled once again with others of our
old Loyalist forefathers ujion Canadian shores, where they began to
form new homes among the pathless woods of Niagara peninsula,
bringing with them a loyalty that has clung to creed as firmly as to
crown in each succeeding generation.

The New Jerusalem Church dates back to 1861 for 'ts organization
in Canada. In June of every year conference is held, and executive
and ecclesiastical committees aiipointed, One of the great meetings
of this associ.ition was held at Stiathroy in 1 876, when four ministers
and an average number of delegates and visitors were present from the
following places: — Berlin, Toronto, Wellesloy, Stratford, Caledonia,
Chatham, C'onestoga, Watford, Waterloo, and Yorkville. Letters were
received from members in London, St Catharines, Hamilton, New
Brunswick, Ottawa, Lisbon, IMt. Brydges, Parkhill, Ingersoll, and
other places.

Moravians. — The liistory of the Moravians begins in 1457, nearly
a century before England accepted the teachings of Luther. Toward
the close of the fifteenth century there were 200 societies in Moravia
and Bohemia, and at this time their bible was issued. During the
succeeding 300 years the new church died out in its cradle ; but, in
1749, tlie Briti.sli Parliament acknowledged them a part of the Protes-
tant Episcopal Church, and encouraged their settlement in North
America. In 1741, a few Moravians met for worship in New York.
During 1749, a number of Moravians established a mission in Tuscar-
awas County, Ohio, and here, in 1781, 100 of their number wore killed
under the auspices of the very })eople who patronized them and sent
them to the colonies. The survivors of the massacre moved to Detroit
that year, and settled at New Gnadenhutten, near Mount Clemens, on
the Clinton Eiver of Lake St. Clair. During their term there fourteen
members died. They were hated by the Otchipwas on account of their
newly formed friendshii)S for the Americans, and as that part of
Michigan was infested by Indians, the mission dissolved itself, the
gi'eater number seeking a home on the Thames (La Tranche), near the
scene of Proctor's defeat, from which David Zeisherger wrote July 20,

HISTDUV 01' TIIK

1794 : " Cajitain I'ike was iiistniotcd by Dc Pctyster, the British Com-
mandant at iHitroit, in 1781, to make a bouiili of the Moravians, but
they outlived iievsocution."

Mormonism, whicli carried od" many from Lambton, Middltisex and
adjoinint^ counties into tiie polyLjanious arms of Utah in the sixties, is
still represented in the county and city. Tiie Mormon tianjile on
Maitland street is the monunmnt which this Chureli lias raised to the
zeal of its members. In lS7r) Mormonism was nourishing at Lcmdon,
under the administration of Elders I, ev(!rton and Davis In Novem-
ber, 1875, a cheeky (Jentile stood up in the Maitland Street (,'hurch
and asked Elder Davis, "Did he really believe in the Mormon Bible ?"
Of course, the answer was general, and a challenge to discuss the
matter came from a dozen of throats.

The Salvation Army — sometimes t-alled (Jeneral Booth's Church —
is one of tlu! latest additions to religions forms. Only a few years ago
the members were biiiletted about or imjaisoned, but tlaar ])erseverance
won for them tolerance, and to-day the Army preach and sing in the
market ]ilace as well as in their barracks — the nunnbers pleased with
their worship and the ])eo]ile amused with it.

y.iu

(JOUN'J'V OK MIIJULICSKX.

C.!>

CHAPTEU V.

ORGANIZATION 01" I-oNDON DISTRICT.

.Inly l(), 1792, Governor Sinicoo dciclarccl the Province to be
dividi'il inld ninot(!eii counties, tlic liist bein;; tlie County of Kent,
coni))risiu,i,' iiU the country outside tlie boundaries of tin; first niinied
eighteen counties, as well as of the Indian lands, extendini,' northward
to the boundary line of Hudson Bay, includinj^ all the territory west
and south of such line known as Canada, Norfolk, Sullolk and Essex
were the nei<^hborin>i counticfs bordering on the river La Tranche, or
Thames. The act of 1799, to which royal assent was given Jan. 1,
1800, jn'ovidcd i'or the establishment of eighteen countit's, a mmdjcr
of townships and a few rlistricts. Among the counties tlien set oil'
was Middlesex, coniinising the Townships of London, Westminstei;
Dorchester, Yarmouth, Soutliwold, Dunwich, Aldljorough and Delaware.

London District, as then constituted, com])rised the counties of Nor-
folk, Oxford and Middlesex, with the country westward of the Home
and Niagara districts, southward of Lake lluron, and between them
and a line drawn due north from a fixed boundary (where the easter-
niost limit of Orford Township intersects the river Thames), until it
ari'ives at Lake Huron.

The act of April 14, 1821, provided that the Townships of Lobo,
^Mosa, Ekfrid and Caradoc should be attached to Middlesex ; that a
gore of land on the east side of Norwich and a gore on the east side of
Dorchester be attached to the respective townshiiis, and that the
Townships of Zorra and Nissouri be added to Oxford County. At this
time the new Townshi])s of Zone, Dawn, Sombra and St. Clair were
attached to Kent (Jounty.

In 1835 James IngersoU ([ualified at London as Eegistrar of the
County of Oxford.

The act of 1837, setting oil Oxford County as the District of
Brock, reiiuired the Quarter Sessions of London to declare the i)ro-
portion of district exjjcnses to be a])portioned to Oxford, jjending the
issue of ])roclamation.

Brock District was set oft' from London March 4, 1837. The
proportion of moneys due the new district by the old for wild land
tax, received by the Treasurer of London uj) to December, 1839, when
the new district was proclaimed, amounted to £41 16s. 8d. ; but at the
settlement of July, 1841, £37 12s. Id. were deducted as the proportion
of general expenses incurred by London District.

In 1837 the magistrates of the new District of Talbot were author-
ized to sell the brick and stone in the old jail and court house at Vittoria,
the proceeds to be used in building their new court house and jail.

HISTOUY OF THE

In Ajnil, 1839, the question of apportioiiiii}^ the expenses of the
CdUiity of Huron was hefitre the court.

hi 1854 the town of London was nicorf)orated as a city and
di'Lached from the county.

The townslii])H of Biiyiiani, Malahide, Soutli Dorchester, Southwold,
Aldl)oroui,'li and Yarmouth were detached in 1852 from Middlesex
anil formed into tlie County of Elgin. In 1865 McGillivray and
Biddulpli were detached from Huron aTid attached to Middlesex,

As related in the; history of Bidduljih and McGillivray, hoth town-
ships ])etitioned for annexation to Middlesex, and were detached from
Huron. With the exo('i)tion of exemi)tion from paying any ]»art of
the debenture deht of the county, the townshi])s became at once ])art
and parcel of Middlesex, and were first represented in the Council of
18G;{.

What changes future years may bring round in the present
boundaries of the county cannot be stated A contributor to the Arje,
Grand- Pa, writing in Sejjtember, 1871, jiroposed that West Middlesex
be set off as a new county. He dealt with general ex])enditures back
to 1854, and showed very plaiidy that the western towtiship ])aid
much more than a just share of expenses. He also refen-ed to the
movement of 1801-2 for the establishment of a registry oflice at
Glencoe, and the revival of the question in 1870-1.

Quarter Sessimia' C'ourf, JS.J7-.'/2. — The first Quarter Sessions
ever held at London was that of Tuesday, January 9, in the seventh
year of the reign of George IV. Jo3e])h Kyerson was chairman.

In 1828, L. P. Sherwood was Circuit Judge. In July of this year
a resident of London was fined £5 " for deceitfully obtaining from
Robert Summers one silver watch." In August, 1829, J. B. Ma-
caulay was Justice of the King's Bench. In January, 1839, Mahlon
liurwell was temporary chairman, witli Peter Tee])le, .John Scatcherd,
(/harles Ingersoll, Ira Scofield, Leslie Patterson, Edward Allen Talbot,
John Ijostwick, and other justices present Michael McLaughlin, of
Westminster, was fined 25 shillings for beating Catherine Southerland.
John Matthews, Jr., of Lobo, was fined £2 foi' beating Lawrence
Lawrasou, of London, and James V. liyan, of London, was fined 10
.shillings for obtaining deceitfully from Iiobert Caldwell a silver watch.

In A])ril, 1829, George Coleman, of Oxford luist, was fined £1 for
beating constable .lohn Phelan. Samuel Weir, of Burford, was fined
£10 for beating Itapelje Weir, then under ten years. Joseph Lyons,
John Davis, Elijah Davis, Clnistopher Williams, Thomas Fortner, all
farmers, ajul Cadnueil Moore, blacksmith, all of London, were fined £9
for assaulting James Williams in July 1829. In October, Isaac
Waters, of Westminster, ]iaid £1 4s., for beating John Hunt.

In January, 1830, Hem'y Reynolds, of Dorchester, ])aid £2 for
beating Jesse Beverly. About this time the names of Benj. Willson
and John G. Lossee, appear among the magistrates In April, 1830,
William B. Lee, of London, an innkeeper, and William Haskett, a

it.

i--

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

of the

ity and

itliwoltl,
idiUesex
ray and

til town-
led from
■ part of
lUce part
ouncil of

present

the Afie,
rliddlesox
vu'es back
ship paid
■id to the

oflice at

r Sessions
le seventh
lan.
this year
nin<^ from
B. Ma-
9, Mahlon
Scatcherd,
en Talbot,
uii^hUn, of
utherland.
Lawrence
fined 10
ver watch,
ed £1 for
was fined
ph Lyons,
ortner, all
e fined £9
iber, Isaac

lid £2 for
tij. Willson
Ipril, 1830,
iHaskett, a

])aiiit(ir, were Ijoiuismen for Isaac Waters. Jolm Ward, of Mosa, was
indicted for assaultinj,' Michael Hurder Joseph Ward, a pensioner, of
Mosa, and Geo. Lee, of Ekfrid, were his bondsmen.

Tlu! Grand Jury in April, iSoO, comju'ised Walter Chase, Benj.
C'hadwiok, Sanuiel Mason, Hnj^h O'Brien, Jacob Zavitz, John T.
Doan, Sutnutd Minard, Asa Fordicc, Thomas Sprague, Thomas Hardi-
son, John Brazey, Durcoml) Simons, Ira Whitcond) and Lawrence
Ddvle. Dining tlie trial of James Meek vs. Duncan Campell, Duncan
McKenzie was sworn as interpreter for Malcolm Mclntyre, one of the
witnesses. At this time the serious charge against Ira Scofield,
Duncan McKenzie and James I'arkinson for conspiracy, to charge
George J. Goodhue with forging a note against William Fuller, was
made, and they were held in £200 bail. John O'Neil was appointed
High Constable.

In July, 1830, Henry Cook, innkeeper, of Westminster, paid
twenty-five shillings for assaulting Thomas Burns. In the case
against Michael Beach, of Oakland, Justus Willcox, of Mosa, and
Wm. I'aul, of Yarmouth, were his bondsmeii.

The charge of assault, with evil intentions, against Esban Gregory
by Mis. ]\Iary Gi'aham, and a similar charge against Shadrack Jones,
were entertained. I'haibe and Abigail McNeal were witnesses
against Jones, who was found guilty, and sentenced to prison for
three months, and to pay costs.

In 1831, Levins V. Sherwood presided over the circuit, while the
magistrates hitherto named, with J. Parkinson, James Racey, Andrew
Dobie and Duncan McKenzie, were active in (.Uiarter Sessions work.
In the fall of 1830, Whiting Barnes, of London, was fined five shillings
for lieating Edward Green. In January, 1831, Wm. Eldridge, of
Mosa, was fined only one .shilling for beating two of the Aldgeo
women of that township. Heiny Cook was fined for assaulting Thos.
Orr, of Westminster. Gregory Allen, of Delaware, who assaulted
lien Myers, was liailed out by Peter Schram, a farmer, and Cliarles
Reeves, an innkeeper, both of Westminster. In 1830, A. A. Rapelje,
was .still Sherifr.

In October, 1830, Heiny White a])pears as a magistrate. At that
time tlie sum of £20 per annum was granted to High Constable
O'Xeil, and William Pntnian was given £25 on account of labor on the
North Branch of the Thames.

In JanuiUT, 1831, John Hostwick was chosen Chairman of Quarter
Sessions. The other magistrates ])resent being Duncan McKenzie,
Henry Warren, Solomon Lossing, Edward A. Talbot, James Mitchell,
James Parkinson and Ira Scofield. One of the questions before the
Court was the expulsion of John Armitage from a lot of land in London.
At this time Stephen and James Howell, Jacob Best, Henry Belts,
Adam Miller, Reuben Clark and Wm. Smith wore tried for assault on
Isaac Hartwick, but acquitted. Gideon G. Bostwick, Crier of the
Court in 1831, was granted an annual salary of £20.

lIISTOIiY 1)1' TIIK

! . i.

In A))!'!], 1831, one Ch.arlea Mclntosli, a servant, siieil his master,
Duncan McKonzif. This servant, or a]ii>rinitice, lm)U,nht no witnosses,
wliilu lii.s jnu.stur lm)Ui,'ht forward IVtsy iMcAtlam, Amy and Lovi
Blacknian, Allen and Tiioinas lioutledyu, Daniel Harclay, Sarah
McLouj^ldin, and Frec-nniM Itull an witnesses, Tiie Court gave judg-
ment against Mcintosh tor X7 I5s. and costs.

In .lanuary, 1832, Hiram D. Lee, of London; Nathan Clriflith, of
Westminster; Ira Whitcomh, of I'ort Stanley; (rtso. W. Whitehead,
of liurford ; James Young and l'hili]i Henry, of Dnnwich ; Jacob
McC^uecn, of Southwoid; Wni. I'utnam, of Dorciiester, and Samuel
Smith, of Orford, jiaid each £3 and wi-re granted tavern licenses.

In January, 183li, Samuel I'ark, of liondon, was a])i)ointed Inspector
of Weights and Measures for the district, vice John Harris resigneil.
At this time the name of Isaac Dra))er aiipears, and that of John
Scatcherd reai)])ears among the magistrates, very few changes lieing
made within the ])receding decade.

During tlie year 1832, a large number of males and a few female
residents took the oath of allegiance.

In October, 1833, Eliakim Malcolm's name ajjpears as a magistrate.

In Jainiary, 1834, John Lamb, Alex. Murray and F. Shannesson
were sentenced to terras of solitary confinement, with bread and water,
for larceny.

On May 18, 1831, the commission of Coroner was issued to
Jonathan Austin, Elam Stinson and David Bowman. The great seal
is four inches in diameter and bears the British arms of George IV.
In 1834 this commission was reissued.

In July, 18.32, only eleven grand jurors remained for duty, the
others having fled from London owing to the prevalence of cholera.
In this year Dr. Donnelly, a pioneer physician, was stricken by the
disease.

In January, 1833, the first seals were ordered, one for the Court of
Quarter Sessions and one for the District Court.

In A])ril, 1834, Mahlon Burwell was elected Chairman of Quarter
Sessions i)y the following named magistrates elect : — Joseph B. Clench,
Wm. Young, James IngersoU, Peter Carroll, John Scatcherd, Ira
Scofield, Thomas Horner, William Robertson, Christopher Beer, John
Bostwick, Colin McMilledge, EUakim Malcolm, John G. Lo.ssee,
Edward Ermatinger, Thomas Kadcliff, John Philpot Curran, Duncan
McKenzie, Philip Graham, Andrew Dobie and John Burw(dl. John
B. Askin was still Clerk of the Peace, while A. A. Ea]>alje was
Sheritf and V. A. Pia]ialje Deputy. B. B. Brigham was appointed
road surveyor for Middlesex County, vice Iloswell Mount deceased.
George Moore was then coroner.

In October, 1834, Wm. Young was temporary Chairman of Quar-
ter Sessions. The names of Thomas liadclilfe and John Boys appear
as new magistrates. In January, 1835, Wm. Young was elected
Chairman, James IngersoU still being a member of the Court, like

(JurNTY OK MIltUI.KSKX.

being

Quavter
Clench,

evd, li'ii

er, John
Lossee,
Duncan
,lohu

Uje was
)[)ointed
eceasecL

.Tdhn IJostwick, iind th(! name of . Fames C. Ciyslev a])p('ars. Anioiij^
the niajjistrates in Ajiril, 18:5"), the new names of .Fames I5aiwiel<,
C '"inel Li{,'lit, Wni. (lonion, Capt. Kobert Johnson, and Edward
liidler appear. At tiiis time it was resolved to elect a Chairman wlio
would be conversant with law, aiid pay him XiO lor each stission. This
oilier was repealed in 1837. In April, 1S3.5, Dr. .James Corbin was
fined £10 for practicin<]; medicine illef^ally. In October, 1835, the!
names of TIenry Warren, Doyle McKenney, Uenj. Willson, (ieo. W.
Whitehead, I'hillip II(nlji;kin.son, Wilson Mills and Lawrence Lawrason
apjiear anion^' th»! maj,'istrates. In .January, 1830, Hamilton 11.
Killally, .lohn Weir and I'eter Carroll ajipear on the Hench.

The (Jraud .Inry of .January, 183(), eomjirised twenty well-known
names: — John O'Neil, Foreman; Thomas tlibbons, Jo.shua rutnam,
Wm. Niles, I^evi Myrick, Simeon Morrill, .Fohn .Fennin<:;s, Ilichard
Smith, Silas E. Curtiss, V. G. Warren, Dennis O'JJrien, Edward Mat-
tluiws, Jo.seph L. O'Dell, Albert S. (TDell, Jtol)ert Fennel), Joseph V>.
Flannaj^an, Elisha S. livman, Kobeit Souter, II. Van Bu.skivk and Wm.
O'Dell.

Edward Grattan, ii ])riiiter, of London, in 183G, was held on bonds
to give evidence aj,'ainst Thonuis Crojiyn, iiulict(!d for assault.

The celebrated motion presented to the Court of Quarter Sessions,
July 12, 1836, by Edward Allen Talbot, one of the magistrates, was
as follows : — " I protest against the payment of any sum or sums of
money being ]iaid to any magistrate acting as Chairman for the
iJistrict of I.,ondon, who accepts of any sum or sums of money in lieu
of such services, and on the following grounds : — First, I consider it
contrary to law; and secondly, I regard it as derogatory to the
character of the magistracy of the district, even if they had a law for
so doing, to yiay tlieir Chairnuin the jjaltry sum of £40 per annum ;
and thereby I reg..rd it as an infringement of the rights of the peojJe
for the magistrates to ajjprojiriate .any ])art of the district funds for
any purpose whatever, unless authorized by law so to do."

In Ai^ril, 1836, the action which gave rise to this motion was the
re-election of Wm. Young as Chairman on the following vote : — John
Burwell, Harvey Cook, Capt. Dunlop, G. W. Wiiiteliead, Duncan
^NIcKonzie, lloliert Kiddle, John Philpot Curran, Alex. W. Light, Wm.
Hentiliny, Henry Hyndman, Wm. Dunlaji, Wm. Ij. Itich, I'liilip
(Jraham .and II. li. Hunt for Young, and E. A. Talbot voted contrarv.
Mahlon Burwell, then Chairnuxn, while he moveil the re-election of
Young, was not called upon to vote.

In April, 1837, M.ahlon Burwell was elected Chairman of Ses-
sions. Among the magistr<ates jiresent were Peter Carroll, .John
Carroll, John Kitson Woodward, .John Weir, A. Dobie, J. Bostwick,
J. Burwell, J. C. Crysler, Doyle MeKenny, Geo. W. Whitehead, John
S. Buchanan, Duncan McKenzie, Thomas Wade, Andrew Drew, .John
Arnold, Pldmund Deeds, Samuel Eccles, Thomas H. Ball, I^. Lawrason,
Edward Ei'niatinger, J, G. Lossee, B. George Kouviere, John Browu,
James Graham.

BL. -.

IIISTOIIY OF TlIK

m)P

On July 12, 1837, .Taniu.s Ilniniltoii, nf Sterling,', ([iiiilificil us
Sheviti of ihc. Distiict of I.oiuldii, Dr. Joseph Hiiiiiiltoii iuid Hon.
Jolm Hiimiltoii lii'iii;^ liis hoiulsiiicii. At tliis time tlic tirst iiotictMif
the existuiioc of uii iiisiiiie aii<l(lestituto ]ifr.soii in tlm Di.sliict is ^^ivoii.
The ,suni of £25 was advanced to John Harday for the niainteniince
of Janet MeHeun.

Tile ina^dstnites ])residin;.,' in ()(!tol)er, 18:}7, wen- Jolni Hnrwell,
James Milolicll, Doyle Melvenny, Wilson Mills, K|iliriiini Ti.sdnli',
I'urley, Cyrenius Hall, John Shore, L. Lawrason, J. S. iliiciiaiian and
J. 11. Hrown. In January, 1(S;W, the names of Thomas H. IJail,
Harry Cook, llobert Johnston and \Vm Kohertson ajipear.

In January, 1838, the follo\vin<? licenses were issuetl to kcu'p
houses of entertainment, the fee in towns heing £7 It's. Od., and in
small settlements £:! : — John O'Neil, (leo. T. Clans, John Talliot,
Bemis I'ixley, James Jackson (in townsiii|i). Amy Wood, and Henry
Humphreys, of London; (ieo. Miller, .Ukins & Taylor, Thomas
Tettifer, of St. Thomas; Henry I'nnly, of Vienna; (}eori,'(> Dinyman,
William Sage, of VVestminster ; dnlm Holton and J. Wliiteomh, of
Port Statdey ; Mrs. Westlake, I'atrick .Mee, (leorge Ivor and Itichard
Brennan, of Adelaide; Alexander Ward and John Ward, of Mosa;
Abraham Van Norman, of Delaware; Amos AVheider, of Dorchester;
Archibald Miller and -lonathan Miller, of Ekfrid. On April 11, 1.S38,
a tavern license was granted to WilliaTu Balkwill on jiaynieiit of
£7 10s. Od. At this time John McDonald, a grocer, of TiOndon, was
before the Court. Patrick Deveney was licensed to keep an inn at
Loudon ill ISliO.

Ill January, 183!), the following named newly-elected magistrates
were present: — John Douglas, John G. Bridges, John Jackson, John
Burne, Richard Welti), John Arnold, W. F. Gooding, Peter Carroll,
Alex. Sinclair, Henry Carroll, Philip Hodgkinson. In April, 183',»,
the following tavern licenses were issued : — Gideon Bostwick, of
Westminster ; Win. Marvin, of Dorchester ; Geo. J. Smith, of Ekfrid ;
Sam. Sewell, of Adelaide; James Fisher, of Caradoc ; Anson Strong,
of London Town. In April, 1839, the jietitioii of John Jiurwell was
reported unfavorably by H. llyndmaii. Chairman of Committee.

Ill October, 1840, Charles Prior appears among the magistrates; J.
B. Clench being Chairman. In 1841, Thomas Croiiyn was a magis-
trate, and Adam Hope in 1842. In 1843, Henry Allen was Chairman
(commonly known as Judge), while Alexander Strathy, Geo. J. Good-
hue, Simeon Morrill and Hugh Carmichael, are among the magistrates.
In 1845 the name of Alexander Anderson ap])ears.

County Council, 18^2-88. — The Councillors of London District in
1842 are named as follows : — Lawrence Lawrason and John Geary, of
London ; Andrew Moore and John Burwell, of Bayham ; Daniel Abel
and James Brown, of Malahide ; Thomas Hutchison and John Oil, of
Yarmouth ; George Elliot and Levi Fowler, of Southwold ; Thomas
Coyne, of Duiiwich ; Thomas Duncan, of Aldborough ; William Niles,

COUNTY OK MIDUI.KSF.X.

icil as

ilul).

(lien of

eniuicu

uvwcU,

risdalc,
an and

[. r.aii,

:o kcei>
, aiitl ill

Talbot,
I Homy
Tliomas
liir^inan,
-oiuli, of

Uicliard
,f Mosa;
vchosU'V ;
1.1, 1S38,
y-ineiit of
ulou, was
an inn at

agistratcs
;on, -lohn
r Carroll,
•il. V83',t,
wick, of
f Kkfriil;
1 Stvon;j;,
well was

rates ; J •
I uiagis-
;hairuian
J. Good-
noistrates.

)istrict in
Geary, of
Iniel Abel
Bin Oil, of
Thomas
lam Niles,

of Dorohcster ; .lohn I ). Andrrson, of Mosa ; John I'a' ker, of Caradoc ;
Francis Kin^' Carey, of l)cilaware; Aichihald Milltsr, of Kkfrid ; Isaac
Camplii'll and Hiram Crawford, of Westminster; John Kdwards, of
Lobo; and J(thn 8. lUichanan, of Adelaide.

A statement jtresented to this Council for January 1, 1842, siiows
the liabilities of ihe dislrii-t to bo £1,405 ;{s. (Id., and the assets to bo
.£;rjL' llis. tid. W. W. Street and Daniel Harvey bein-,' auditors.
])aniel Abel, Chairman of a committee on law books and Jail and ciourt
house ])ro|ierty, reported twenty volumes in the library, with the jail,
debtors' room and county otlices ]ilainly but fully furnisiied. The
return of lands, under jiatenl, in the Pislrict sIkjw 0.'>8,'JI4i acres
valued at X2,tJt)2 2s. lOid.

On Feb. 11, 1842, John Wilson, then Warden, sii,'ned a .letition,
"To the (^^iict^n's Most Kxcellent Majesty," congratulating her "on tiie
birth of a jirinco and heir aii])arent to the throne of that niiyhty
empire."

On Au<^u.st 9, 1842, Wm. Niles, Chairman of a Comniittec to enquire
into receipts and ex])enditures of the odice of Clerk of the Peace for
the years 18.')8 to 1841, rejiortod a draft of a communicfition from the
Council to llie magistrates in session for their consideration. This com-
munication was brought before the ma^'istnites, who (Uiclim d to con-
sider it, and tliis refusal was lollowod by other jHititions A)r redress to
the (lovernor-Ceneral. The petition to Governor-General Jia;,'ot, of
August 10, 1842, .set f<irth that, the right of the Council to luidit and
jiay accounts Wiis diMiied by the Justices of Quarter Sessions, and this
denial was sustained by the Court of (Queen's J5ench in the order of
;hat Court to the Justices to audit and ]iay. The ])Mition asked that
the salaries of all oflicevs should l)e regulated by the Legislature, and a
table of fees ostabli.shed for unknown or uncertain .services. The
])etition further asked that powers be conferred on the Council to
com]iel the attendance of witnesses in road cases. The act of October
12, 1842, jn-ovided inr the transfer of the liegi.stry office from Dun-
wich township to the town of Loudon, such transfer to be made May
1, 1843.

In 1843, Thomas Graham replaced Moore as Councillor, of
JJayham ; James ^Murray rejjlaced Buchanan, of Adelaide, and Samuel
Kirkpatrick rei)laced Thomas Duncan, of Aldborough, and Daniel Abel
took the ])lace of James I'rown. These were the only changes from
the Board of 1842.

In May, 1843, there were ,£800 in the District treasury above all
expenditures. At this tinui John liurwell jivesided over the committee
which re] lorted in favor of distributing this surjjlus among the town-
.ships. The District Councillors for 1844 were Alex. Love and Benj.
Willson, of Yarmouth ; Samuel Eccles took the place of Levi Fowlei',
in Southwold; Samuel Kirkpatrick took the ])lace of Duncan, of
Aldborough. Otherwise the Council of 1843 was unchanged.

limroKY OK TIIK

II .

;,'

ill

TIic (Joip nl lit' 184.') ((iiiiiiriscd tlu! f'ollDwinj^ now mcinlmrs : —
Iticliiinl V", ohli, ut' Dcliiwiuc, viri' Ciucy ; Aiidn-w Mcdiv^'itr, of
Duiclicstcr, li(Miii,'tlu' first, S('(>()iiil Ciiuiicillnr froii. tin; tdwiisliiii ; liolii-rt
Adiiiii.soM, of Lolto, vicr .Iiiliii ImIwmiiIs; TIioiiium ISiity, of W't'slmiiiHttT,
vlci- II. (Jniwlnrd ; Wilson Mills, of ('iiriuloc, ,v'(r .loliii riirkcr, with
K. W. Brciiiioii, of till! new Towiisliip of Motculfo, iind l)(»iiidtl
Mclntosii, of the iii'W Township of VVilliuina.

Ill Dim i'iiiImt, is I"), tiivciii licenses Were issued to Williiini Smith,
.lolin N'ellis, Wiiliiini McKeiin, Willimn Tiiinks aiul \\'illi;iin (lain, of
London Township ; Schnbid Nicol, Isaiic Molt, Peter Mot ire^or, Henry
I'ldnier iind Williiini Mood, of Westminster; W. V. JJnlleii, of
Delaware!; Thomas and (lior;,'e I'litiiani, an<l Jonathan Halo, of
Dorchester South: Duncan i5rown, of !,olio; Samuel Flemiuf; and
I'etur Fields, of Mosa ; .Fames Ailair, of Caradoc

The only chaiii,'es in thu Council of 184Ci, from that of 1845, wi>rc :
IJenjamin Cutler, the first Secon;! Councillor, from Loho ; Andrew
McCausland re]ilaced lirown, of Malahide ; Leonidas I'.urwidl rcplaoeil
Graham, of Bayham ; Thomas Duncan, of Aldlioroiijj;h, took Kirk-
jialrick's place, aiut dosejih Sittoii, of iiondon, occiipieil tlu! chair su
loll",' hekl by L. Lawrason.

In December, 1840, licenses were issued as follows, exclusive of
the renewals of those issuc^d in 1845 :— Jolin Stoiu!, Loli(» ; W. A.
Warren, Didaware ; Wm. Itobinsoii, .John H. Voun^', Kolaiid Uobinson,
.John Scott, .lonas W. (Jarrison, .John McDuwall, Kinlay McFee, Wm.
Harris, Thomas lliscox, .lohn Smith, Alex. Forbes, Martin Rickard,
.lolin .Matthews, INiter IJurke, Charles Lindsay, Robert Carfrae, liichard
(.h'over, .lohn Walsh, Sol Sclienick, Wm. liurne, Paul & I'ennett, .John
O'Xcil, Thomas lieckett, I'etiir McCann, of London; .lamtis Fisher, of
Caradoc; Henry Rawlins, of Delaware; Charles I'atton, of Adelaide;
Leonard llisbee, at plank road junction, toward St. Thomas; .John
U'Dell, Westminster; Arch. Miller, Fkfrid.

The ch.anges in the Council of 1847 from 184(1 were Jacob Cline,
vice McGregor, of J)orchester; Wm. Neal, via' Anderson, of Mo.sa;
L. Lawrason, vice (jeary, of l.,ondon; Ratulolph .Jobn.stoue, vice
Wilson, of Yarmouth; Levi Fowler, v/w Eccles, of Soutliwold, and
James McKirdy, first .second councillor from Caradoc.

The Council of 1848 was made u]) of the following members, the
Reeves beiii" named in the first column : —

Al(ll)oroiigli D. Mi'DiurmiJ London.... .loseph Sifton.. L. Lawrason

Ailulaido . . .las. .Murray Malaliide . . A. McCausland Daniel Abel

IJayham . . Leon. iJurwell. Jno. Hurwoll Metcalfe... 11. \V. itioiman

Caradoc Fas. McKirdy. John I'arker Mosa Win. Neal A.D.Ward

Delaware . Uioliard Webb Soutliwold. Colin Munroe.. Levi Fowler

Dorchester. Win. Nilcs.., Jacob Cline Westinins'r Isaac Campbell Cal'n Hurch

Dunwich . . Thos. G. C'oyno Williams . Don. Mcintosh

Kkfrid .... Arch. .Miller Yarmouth., Alex. Love . . . K.Johnstono

Lobo Kobt. Adainson Ben. Cutler

(, , .1

COUNT V ol MII>I»I,K8K.\.

Kol)iiison,
i'w, Win.
lickavtl,
liicluii'tl
lett, .John
islicv, of
(U'liiide ;
.lohn

libers, the

i. D. Ward
Levi Fowler
Cal'n Hurch

„, Johnstone

Tlio duinj,'o.s ill 1849 were, Patrirk Mee ami .1. A. Scoone electnil
I'm- Ailclaiilt' ; Dr. E. Daiicfy v'icr McCaiisliuid, for Malaliidc ; John
Mcllride, for AldhoiniiHli ; St. .Inlin Skinner virr L, iJurwell, furliay-
liain, aiul Malcohn McAlpin vhr. Miller, for KklVid.

in Dcecinlicr, 1S47, tavern liwiises were i,'rant('d to Tunis Swarts,
.Idlm .Maltliews, .lerry H. dovce, Kdwanl Staidcy, M. S. Siiiitli, Jame.s
I'a;;^', Wni, Hlackwcdl, llopkins iV Alicll, I'.cn llii,'j,'iii.s, Charle.s B.
Ii'iidd, Tlioiiia.s O'Mara, .lames Manoii, Ale.\. Forhe.s, Mauric(! Kehty,
Itiilien VVyatt or VVyall.

On Feliruiiry '.), 1M40, ('hainiiaii Mnnro, of tli(( Coininittetf on
Schools, |iresented a lengthy re])ort su<,'j^estiii^ ehaii<,'oa in old distriets,
and recoil! niending the eslahlishnieiit of new ones throu^'liout the
nistriel.

Win. W. Street and John McKay, auditors of the Di.strict, rejiorted
Octdlierl), 184'», that Col. Tall)ot, fhos. C. Streiit and a few others,
lefu-ied to ])ay tax on Iheir wild laiuls, and su<^;.'e.sted an ainioahh! suit
at law to test the lef»ali(y of the hy-law iniposini,' .such tax.

In March, 1S4'J, .lolm I'.. Askin, Clerk of the District Court, wrote
to .1. Leslie, Secretary to the (iovernor, statiiij^ that in coiise(iuence of
the ])osition assumed by .John Harris and .John S. llnchanaii, each
elaiiuinj,' to be legally elected Treiisurer of the Di.strict by the District
Council in Octolter, 184lj, "the oflices are ]iainfully situated." At
the date of writing -fohn Harris held the ofVice, but the claims of
Ihicliauan were then being jiieseiited to tlu; Court of Queen's lieiich.
it apiiears that Harris was a]i|)oiuled by the tioverniuent ; but, under
the new luunicijial law, the magistrates thought they had the right of
a}>]ii>intnient.

The Council of 1850 ])re.seiits eleven new names :— Sylvester Cook
anil L. Burwell, vice Skiinier and .T, Burwell, for JJayham ; Col.
Dixon, for Caradoc ; dohn Clark, for Dunwich ; Doualil McFarlane,
lor Ekfrid ; Freeman Talbot and Wni. McMillan, for Lonilon Township;
Murray Anderson and Uenj Nash, for the new town of London ; F. H.
Wright, vice Abel, for Malahide ; Itichard Fiaid<, vice Burch, for
Westminster; Donald Fraser, for Williams. In 1S.")1 Messrs. Adam-
sou, An«lerson, A '1 worth, Lurwidl, ( lark, Craig, Dixon, Douglas, K.
.lohn.ston. Locker, Mee, McMillan, Mcliride, Moyle, Eae, Itobsoii,
Shi])luy, Geo. Smith (Ekfrid), Thomson, Wilks, Wilh^y, Willson, Frank,
Harker and H. .iohnstone formed the Council, William Niles being
ve-elected Warden. In May, 1851, It. Frank, Chairman of the Com-
laittee on Clergy Ke.serves, recommended that in view of the sale of
such reserves by the Frovince, the Legislature be petitioned to appro-
jiiiate jiroceeds for the uses of general education.

During the yeara just laeceding and in this year the (luestion of
cou.structing gravel or toll roads throughout the county occupied much
attention ; but as the subject is transferred to the cliajtter on roads and
bridges, the doings of the Council in the matter bear ouly this
I'ufereuce here.

(■ ;i

HISTOliY ()!■■ TIIK

I: : IP

m i;

5. 1

A comniittoe, of wliich Fieciaiui Talbot was ohuirniiiii, rc^portL'd
May 16, 1850, in fuvor of iunendiii},' the muiiiciiial aiul otlier acts, so
far aa thoy all'ect tho liberties or intcvcsts of the county. Aiuoiif; tlu^
recoinmeiidation.s was one relatinj^ to Coroner, as follows: — "Your
conimittoe think proper to draw your attention to the inij)ro])riety of
holdinj,' a (Coroner's inciuest in all oiises of sudden death, and would
therefore suLt.uest the necessity of an itninediate alteration of the
system, it being uiuiecessarily expensive and revolting to the better
feelings of humanity."

L. IJurwell, chairman of a committee on the division of the
county, reported as follows, M';y 7, LS.'i I :—" Understanding that the
Government intend, during the ensuing session, to introduce a bill for
the ])urpose of dividing the larger counties, your committee have given
attention to that ]ioition referring to Midillesex. Your connnittee are
of the opinion that the division line iiro])osed, ruiniing east and west,
embracing the six frontier townsliijjs, ami ])orlions of DelawaTe, West-
minster and Dorchester, will be (>pposed by a majority of the inhabitants
of this county, and that a division for other tlian electoral ])urj)oses is
unnecessary; and that for electoral ))urposes the line should run nortii
and south, embracing Dunwich, Aldliorougli, Mosa, Pjkfrid, Caradoc,
Metcalfe, Lobo, Adelaide and Williams, as the new county, and that
the same be called the County of Elgin. This committee further
reported in favor of giving Bayham to Oxford County in lieu of a
])ortion of Nissouri to be attached to Middlesex.

Tho Council of 1852 was composed as tollows: —

London Town M. Aiidorsoii, Win. I'.arker.. A<lelai(le . ... Hiram Dell

London Win. Moore, lly. Collins.. .Metcalfe Tlics. .Movie

Lobo . R. Adanison, .... Delaware... li. .Tolin.stone

Carodoc H.Clinch Nissouri J. Sea^(•herd

Ekfrid G. , I. .Smith Dorchester N. Wni. Xiles

Mosa Neil Miinro " S. .Tacoh Cline . .

Williams.... Geo. Shipley Westminster. Rich. Frank, P. .McClarv.

This list does not include the names of representatives from the
County of Elgin.

The members of the (Council of the united Counties of ^liddle.sex
and Elgin in 1853 are named as follows ; — Wm. Barker and Thomas
Holmes, of the Town of London ; W. .Mooie and Henry (Jollins,
London; Garner EUwood and Pet(;r McGlary, Westminster; Wm.
Niles, iJorchester ; Thomas Kirk])atrick, ^Iosa ; Donald Eraser.
Williams ; Itobert I'egiey, Adelaide ; Ambrose Willson and Weaver,
Bayham ; David Hanvey and Hugh Mclntyre, Y^armouth ; Levi
Eowler and Nichol McCall, Southwold; Moses W'illey and John
Clark, Dunwich, John McMride, Aldborough ; Edmund McCready,
Dorchester South, and John Elliott, of the new town of Vienna. In
1854 the changes were : — ^'urray Ander.sou re])laced Holmes for the;
Town of London ; Wra. Elliott replaced Collins for London ; Eli
Griffith replaced Ellwood for Westminster in June, 1853; liobert
Craik, with W. H. Niles, represented Dorchester N. ; John McKellar,

ife,

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

r acts, so
monf,' the
: — " Youv
miviety of
ud would
on of the
the bettor

on of Uic.
(( that tlie
li a bill fov
have [^ivcn
uuitlce ai'i!
and went,
'aro, West-
inhabitants
purposes is
d run north
id, Caradoc,
y, and that
ttoe further
n lieu of a

p. McCliirv.
:>s from the

Middlesex
md Thomas
nry Collins,
lister; Win.
aid Fraser.
md Weaver,
outh; Levi
and John
McCready,
Vienna. In
Imes for the
.ondon ; Eli
i53; Robert
n McKellar,

Lobo ; S. M. Fowle, Delaware; J. Sparling;, Mosa ; Loui.s Mott was
the first .Second (,'ouncillor from Williams; Hiram Ih'.U replaced
I'e^ley, -if Adelaide, while .lohn Suatoherd, then Warden, rt;])rt.',sented
Nissouri W. This Council of 1854 repre.sented Middle.se.v ex-
clusively.

In ."September, J 8 •":;, Councillors Clincli and McClary moved that
the Warden call a <,'eneral nieetinj,' to consider the by-law <,'ranting aid
to the Tort Stanley Railroad.

In November, LS'to, Councillor Kirkpatrici< moved to approjn-iate
£100 to carry out the ceremony of o])eni.)L; tlio U. W. Railroad.

On September 2o, ISoo, Uy-law 22, authorizint» the i.ssue of .£20,00(^
debentures for the im])rovement of roads, was jiassed. Tliomas
.Movie, Chairman of the Finance Committee, in bis report (d' danuary
27, 1854, suj;^'e,sted the advert i.^^ement of a by-law for raising £25,001^
for stock in the Lontlon and Tort Staidey Railroad.

The Railroad Committee of the Council, reporting in May, 1854,
through lloh.-roft Church, favored the purchase of tlie Ontario and
Erie Railroad and of two steamers, .so as to prevent tlu; building of a
southern line, and tluis build up the stock of tlm Crcat Western Raili'oad,
in whicli thi^ county was interesteil. The ((uestion of consolidating
tlis (Ircat Western road with the Grand Trunk road was decried, the
Committee! stating i>lainly that such a deal woidd create a moncpoly
,!| and should not be entertained. In Decend)er, 1854, a memorial to
Samuel Laing, f the English stockholders in tiie O. VV. Railroad, .set
forth the pleasiu't; which the completion of the road, nearly twelve
months before, gave the jieople of Middlesex, and the pain which
numerous accidents, delays in shipment of freight, anil other failures,
cau.sed since the opening of the road; asked the co-operation of the
r>rili'\ stockholders in obtaining a msw management. The accident
•,. lit l')ai)tiste Creek in 1854 caused the death of more than fifty per-
% sous, and many more maimed for life.

In Decembijr, 1855, the city and county arbitration meeting was

,; held, Thomas Moyle rei)resenting the county, Wm. I'arker the city,

? with Thomas Shenston, of Woodstock, the third arl)itrator. Tiie result

i of this method of settling disagreenu!nts is given in the history of

^i London City.

m The Council of 1855 comprisi^d William Fitzgerald and William

-^ Shoebottom, of London; Richanl Frank and l>enjamin (.'ook, of West-
3| minster; Geo. S. Rogers, of IJelaware; Hugh Carmichael, of Lobo;
H. Clir.ch and Arch. (Jampbell, of Caradoc ; .lohn Mclntyre, of Ekfrid ;
Donald Waters and Hugh Fraser, of Williams ; Henry R. Archer, of
Mosa ; William Miller, of Adehiide ; William Mojre, of Nis.souri
West ; Thomas Moyle, of Metcalfe ; Robert Craik and Donald
McFarlane, of Dorchester North.

In January, 1856, Councilmen Keefer, Bateman, Hunter, Rogers,
Craik, Cartwright, ^Iclntyre, Fitzgerald, O'Neil, Moyle, Archer,
Edwiirds, Woodwai-d, liurch, Cook, Waters, Fraser, and Moore qualified.

HISTOKY OF THE

The Council of IS;")?, wiisiiuidi' up as follows: Kobort Adiunson,
.Folm Biitoniaii, KoluM't (Jaik, lU'iiiamiii Cook, Thomas Ciuldy, IIni,'h
Frascr, .laiiu's (Jardiner, Daviil Ilmitcr, William Mooiv, Thomas
Moylo, William McKinicy, William M(^Millaii, .lolm Mc-liityrc, \Vm.
Shoeliottom, IJ. M Varuam. Donald Walcis and Jacoli Wcylor. lloht.
Craiic was oU'cted Warden.

The Ii'eevos and l)t!|iuty-lu'(!V('s ol' iSoH is given hy Townships: —

Ailiilaido. . TlioiiiHs Ciiilily, .las. Ivoefor, Cara,iloi' Arcli. Camiiboll, I. 1>. IturwfU

D.'lawnre'.. .lai'ob Weylor Donla'ster.. K. .\1. Vairiiim, li. V.DiMiiaray

Kkfiid joliii M:'Iiityie r,olio Kobt. Ailaiiisoii, John I'Mwanls

LdikIoii. . . . \V. Slioebottoiii. U.H. O'Neil. Mot(^alfi'. ... ThoiiiaH .\Ioyle

Mo.sa t'liaibfH Itoll.s. . . T. liobinson. Ni.ssoiiri W. K. Viiiini;

WeatinVtr.. liuiij. Co'ik John Ni,\on. Williaiii.s lohii To|iiiiij^'. , A. Kllint

The nuinicipal election for 1859 returned to the Council R. V.
Tooth, Ueeve, and William Thorpe, Dejiuty, from Adelaide; John
jMcDougal vice Kdwards, of I.obo ; .lohn ^larshall via' Varnum, of
1 )orche.ster ; Thomas Ifus^hes cicc Moyle, of Metcalfe; IJ. II. O'Neil
and C. (Joombs, of Loudon; Charles .Scott. Deputy, of Nis.souri ;
Malcolm (,'ampbell vicr Mclntyn^, of Ekfrid ; Alex. Levie, of Wil-
liams, rice To])]iin,u;; Neil Munro, of Mu.sa, ifire JJolls, with Charles
Armstronii; vice Koljinsou. In the other cases, the old members were
re-elected.

The members of the Council ol' ISiiO were M. S. Ayers, Ale.\.
Levie, -John H. Munroe, W. K. Viniiii,', Robert Dreanev, .lohn Irvine,
R. H. O'Neil, Thomas llu.ghes, J. Weylor, .M. Cami>bell, Wm. Wells,
of Williams K., Arch. Campbell R. P. Tooth with .lames Keefer,
Reeve of Strathroy, Reeves, and Alex, Kerr, -lames (jardiner, Charles
Scott, .Tohn McArtliur, \V. R. Thorpe, Wni. ]Mcl'ee, Arthur Seabrook
and ('. Coombs, De])Uty- Reeves. Archibald Campbell was elected
Waiden and re-elected in 18G1 and also in ISGli.

On .Ian. 2t\, 1861, a letter from the Clerk of l'.idduli)h, relatin<^ to
ruiniing trains on the Sabbath, was read, and imm(!diately Councillors
D. Waters and .[. Levie niovi^d and seconded a resolution that the
Council petition the Dominion Parliament to amend (.'hapter 104 of
the Consolidated Statutes of Upper Canada, so as to prevent the
runnin;^ of trains on Sunday.

The Council of 18GI comjirLsed Neil Munro, Ueeve, and .lohn II.
Munroe, De])uty, of Mosa ; A. Campbell and I. 15. lUirwell, of
Caradoc: Wm. lia])lev, of Htrathroy ; Alexander Levie, of Williams
W. ; William Wells, of Williams H. : Tlumias Hughes, of Metcalfe :
Robert Dreaney and James Ciaig. of Dorchestm' ; Thomas (.'urdy, of
Adelaide; M. 8. Ayers and A. Kerr, of Westminster; .M.Campbell,
of Ekfiid ; W. R. Vining and Charles Scott, of North Nissouri ; John
McDorgal and L. K. Shipley, of Lobo

The Council of 18G2 was made U]) as follows: — Adelaide, Wm.
M unlock; Caradoc, A. Campbel' and .lohn Thompson; Delaware,
Thomas I'everidge; Dorchester, V\ m. McKee and R. Dreaney; Ekfrid,

•■i.Vi.,ii-,

CotiNTY OK MIDOI.KSKX.

liunsoii,

Thomas

IV. Win.
llobl.

ships : —

I',, liiirwi'll
i'.DcMiiariiy
in I'MwanU

Klliot.

iicil 11. !'•
(U,; .lohii
'iinnnn, of
II. O'Nt il

ie, of Wil-
th ChavU's
ahovs wtn'o

yevs, Ah'X.
ohn Ivviiu',
,Vm.\VoUs,
liu'S Keei'fV,
lev, t.'havh'S
ir Si'abvook
,va3 elccti'd

velatiii!:; to
Councillors
Ion (hat the
japtiiv 104 of
i^ivevent thi'

imd JohnU
I'.uvwell, of

I of WiUianis

Jof Metcalfe;

las (,'nnly, ol
U. Campbell.

Issouvi; John

llelaido, Wm.

Delawaiv,

incy ; Ekfrid,

Malcolm Caniiihcll; Lobo, Jolm McAilhur and 1\. Adani.snn ; London,
Hamilton lliiidap and C. ('. Coomb.s ; Metcalfe, Tliomas Hu<,'hes ;
Mosa, J. H. Miini'oe and Nathaniel Currie; Nissouri, .lames Evans
and Moses Wilson; Williams W., Alex, Levie ; Williams K, A. C.
Stewart; Westminster, Merrill .S. Ayers and John Nixon, and Stratli-
roy, Wni. Ka]iley.

In 18Go the memlKtrs of (he Council were ^le.-^srs Ayers, Bale-
man, Dreaney, i)nn]ap, llui,'hes, L(!vie, Moore, N. MniU'o, Melntyre,
McArthur, O'Neil, llajilry. Smith, Stewart and Weylor, Reeves ; with
.fames J*>anniMt,', Coomlis, Dohie, Evans, Eauld.-*, Jlodj^'ins, McDou<;al,
]\IcKoe, Nixon and llohinson, l)e])uties. (?. C. Coombs was elected
Warden. At this si'ssion iliddulph and Mctiillivray were represented,
the first by Smith and llobinson, the .second by O'Neil and llodijins.

Tlio act relatint:! 'o the admission of th(! rown.ships of IMdduljih
and McGillivray contains the folhiwing ]>ara,i^ra]ih : — " Neither of the
said towriships shall be liablt; for any debt contrac'i'd by tlu; County of
Middlesex for the constructing or gravelling; of n/nls outside of the
said townships, or which may at any time within tlie ni'xt twcMity-one
years be constructed by such county for the ])urpuse aforesaid."

The Council of 1864 comprised tlui following members : —

Ailelaido T. CuiMy Metcalfe ... T. Movie

IJiddulph ... R. H. O'Xeil. Tim. Toohey. .Mosa I. H. .Miiiiroe A. Armstrong

Carciloc . . . . T. Nortlicott J. Thompson McOillivray. not recorded

Delaware I. Weylor... Ni.s.souri I. Evans.... M. Wilson...

Dorchester.. K. Dreaney. . W. Thomi)8on Strathroy . . W. Ilaiiley

Kkfrid I. Mclntyre.. .1. D. Corneil Westminster Jl. S. Ayers. . Abel Cooper..

Lolm .1. McArthur. L. Shipley. . . Williams K.. not recorded

Fiondon If. Dunlap.. T. Hontledge. Williams W. K. Mclntyre

The (Council of 1865 comjirised the following member.s:— Wm.
Miller, Reeve, and .lohn Ivor, l)e])uty, of Adelaide; K. II. 0'N(;il and
.Fohn McFalls, of lliddulph; .lohu IJateman and Alex, (.'ampbell, of
Caradoc; Colin Cam]>bell, of Delaware; llobert iJreaney and Wrn.
Thorn] ison, of Dorchestei'; John Mclntyre and I). Taylor, of Ekfrid;
.iohn McArthur and .John Scott, of Lobo; Thonuxs Koulledge and W.
H. Ityau, of London; Thomas Moyle, of Metcalfe; .Iohn H. Munroe
and Nathaniel Currie, of Mosa; .Tames S. Snuth and Andrew
Robinson, of McCillivray ; .fames Evans and Moses Wilson, of
Ni.ssouri; Wm. Rajiley, of Strathroy ; ]\f. S. Ay(!rs and .fohn Nixon,
of Westmin.sl(!r; .Iohn Levie and Alex. Stewarl, of Williams E., and
E. R. Dobie, of VVilliams W. .Tolin H. Munroe was elected Warden.
The report (jf the Finance (Jommittec; made in December, 186.5,
points out an item of .^2,970.10 jiaid during the year, for building and
furnishing the County Clerk's and other offices, and the Council
Chamber.

T(iwN.siiii'.s. Ri'.KVEs 1S66. Dei'utfks— l.Stif). Reeves— 1867. Di:i>nTiEs— 1S67

Adelaide W. .Mmdock . . Wm. Miller Tohn Ivor L. Cleverdon.

P.idihilph R. H. ONeil.. Cha.s. Gowaii . . . . R.H. O'Neil.. Thos. Hodgin.s.

Caradoc Iohn Hateman. .I.Thompson I.Thompson.. ,1. 1$. Hurwell.

HISTOItY OK THK

Townships. Rkkvrh— 1866. DKi'UTiis.s~18ti«. Rkkvks— 1807. Dei'utibh— 1867.

Delaware .... Colin Campbell M. JohiiHoii . . .

Uorchenter N. R. Dreaiiey. .. R. Toolcy K. Dreaiioy —

Kkfrid .\I. Caiiij)lwll. . .

Lobo t,. K. Shipley..

n. I)i)l)iu .

il. Mc Arthur.. .

M. Campbell
D. .Mi-Arthur..

iunduii.. .

T. l!outlc'<lj,'c. . .lumen Bell T. Uoutledf,'!!

.Metcalfe Thos. Movie . Tho.x. .Moyle.

Mosa N. Carrie A. Armstroiif; ... N. Currie . . . .

Mctiillivray .. .1. .S. Smith Robert Fi.sher lohii Corbett

Nis.souri W.. J. Heii(ler.Hon . . W. Bell . . .la.s. Kvans

Strathroy . . . . Alex. Robbs R. Nicholson

Williams E. . John Topping., .lohn Levie lohn Lovie . . .

Williams W . . S. .MeLeo.l .... David Brock .... S. .McUod . . .

\VoMtniin.stcr. . M. S. Avers. . . John Nixon John Nixon...

none.

li. Tooley.

A. Campbell.

.M. McArthur.
I James Bell .
I W. Shoebottoni.
I K. Robinson.
' 'P. Laiiglbrd.

none.

M. (i. .Munroe.

A. Robinson.

A. W. Browne.

none.

Alex. C. Stewart.

Richard I'eck.
\ I). I!, liurch.
) II. Anderson.

Tlie county otticiiiU in l.SGli wcro .f. E. Small, Juil,t;o ; Wm. Glass,
.Sluivin'; Jolin McBrtli, C'luvk nl' Cduiity Court; .liinics Fei'fjuson,
ll('t,'i.<triir: ;\1. S. Avers, VVanlcn : .Adiini Murray, Ticii.sui'or; C. W.
Cninior, Enyineer ; .lames Kcoi'er, Cicrlv. and Sam. Stan.sficltl, Janitor.

In .TuiK', 18(J7, the Council was asked to ])etition tiie Covcrnnient
for a jiroliiliitory duty on liojis imported from the United States; but
ihe committee rejiorted in favor of defeirinj,' such petition. Suh-
.sequently a motion to forward such petition was lost.

In Ik'cemher, 18G7, i\u) Counciil ])etitioned the Legislature to em-
power a ta.x of si.\ cents ])er acre on all nnoccu]iied wild latids, for the
.special j)urpose of being a])i>lied on the imjirovement of roads and
bridges in tlie vicinity of such lands.

in 18G8, lioger Hedley was Keeve of Lobo; Thomas Novthcott,
Deputy of Caradoc. Geo. Kobson and .John Keai'ns replaced Uell and
Shocbottom, of London. John Waterworth, lleeve of Mosa, with D.
Mclntyre, Deputy ; Wm. Wright, Dejnity Eeeve of McGillivray ; W.
Ji. Vining, Keeve of Nissouri, with A. W. Browne, Dei)uty; James D.
Dewan was Reeve of Strathroy ; John Waters, of Williams E., with
John Levie, De])Uty ; while William Neal was Keeve of the lunv
Town of Wardsville.

The Treasin'er's oflice was robbed on the night of Eel). 8, 1808. On
^L^.rch .31 the Council (ixoncrated Treasurer Murray, as the loss,
it'ly'ZO'^.To. had been trebly saved to the county previously by his e.v-
cellent silver deal.

The Council of 1869 was made up as follows — the Jteeve atid
Deputy Keeve being named in the abovi; order of townshijis : —
Lawrence Cleverdon and John Wyley ; K. H. O'Ninl and .lohn
Hodgins ; Thomas Xorthcott and Tliomas Eaulds : lleiirv .lohnson, no
deputy; L'ichard Tooley and James I!. Lane; Hector McFarlane and
George E. Elliott ; Malcolm McArthur and Alex McKellar ; Thomas
Routlodge with Deputy Reeves Thomas Langford, Edward Hobin.son,
John Kearns and William IL Kyan : Robert Brown and George
Liimun; John Watterworth and Alex. Armstrong; John Corbett and

*i.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

w-1867.

ley.

iipbell.

Arthur.

Bell .

.oeliottoiu.

)inson.

iglbrtl.

Munroe.
biuson.
, Browne.

C. Stewart.
,rd I'eck.
. Burcli.
.iiilerson.

^ni. Glas3,

er;O.W.
1^ .Tanitur.
iverimient,
itates; l>ut
(111. Sul)-

:iive to eiu-
[ids, for tlu'
\ voads and

North cott,
I'.ell and
with 1).
ivray ; W.
James 1'.
Iius E., with
the luiw

,1808. On

the loss,

\iy his o.K-

Ueeve and
wnshilis :—

and .lohn
lohnson, no
Karlane and
111 ; Thomas
.(\ Uoliinson,
;,iid George

("orbett and

sa,

William Wright ; Alex. W. Urowne and K. W. Ciftin ; James D.
Dewan and John Frank ; John Waters and John Levio ; Simon
McLeod and John Dawson; John Nixon with William McKerlie aul
Henry Anderson, IK^piities of Westmiiistor, and William Veal, of
Wardsvillo.

Tlie Conncil of 1870 comprised 17 Reeves and 19 Deputy-Reeves.
The roll in the order of townships is as follows : — William Murdock
and .John Wyley ; R. H. O'Neil and John Hodgins ; Thomas Northcott
and (Jodficy McGugan; Thomas H. Brottle, no deputy; Richard
Tooley and -Tames U. Lane; H. McFarlane and G. J. Coulthard ; A.
McKellar and Alex. Gray ; W. H. Ryan with Dejmties James Bell,
.lohn Kearns, .lohn Jackson and F.Lewis; Robert Rrown, of Metcalfe,
and Arch. Munroe; Jolm Watterworlh and David Gibb ; William
Wright and John Rosser ; A. W. Brownisand R. W. Giflin ; James D.
Dowan and J. Wilson ; John Waters and John Leviti ; Simon McLeod
and John Dawson ; John Nixon with John S. Little and Eli S, Jarvis ;
Hi'ury Hendorson, of Wardsvilk'.

The (^lianges in the County Council of 1871 were as follows: —
Arthur Si-abrook, o lalified as Reeve of Delaware ; Robert Dreaney,
of Dorchester N. ; A. Mclntyre, as Deputy of Ekfrid, I'ice Coulthard;
L E. Shijiley, t'it'c Gray, of Lobo; Wm. Kernohan and Wm. Shoe-
1)ott'^m, Dejiuties of London, vice Jackson and Lewis ; A. Armstrong,
vice D. Git)b; John Corbett and Andrew Erskine, of McGillivray;
A. W. Browne and Wm. Alooro ; Josejih Wilson and C. G. Scott,
representing Strathroy ; Tlionias Elliott, vice Jolm Dawson, Deputy of
Williams West, and Malcolm G. Munroe, Reeve of Wardsville. The
other townshi])S holding their rei)rcsentatives of 1870.

The changes in the Council of 1871 for 1872 show John Hodgins,
Reeve, and John Dagg, Deputy of BidduljJi ; W. H. Niles, Deputy of
Dorchester ; C. J. Campbell, of Ekfrid ; Wm. Shoebottom, Reeve, with
S. T. Shoebottom, jr., Wm. Patrick, Wm. Kernohan and Thomas
Greene, Deputies of London; R H. O'Neil, Reeve of Lucnn ; R.
Brown, Reeve, ant) R. Moyle, Deputy of Metcalfe; J. S. Walker and
James Banning, of Mosa; J. B. Frain, Deputy of Nissouri W. ; Alex.
Robb, Reeve of Strathroy; Thomas Elliott, Reeve, and D. Brock,
Deputy of West Williams; James Armstrong, Reeve of Westmin.ster,
und S. McLeod, of Parkhill. Messrs. Murdock, Northcott, Seabrooke,
Dreaney, IMcFarlane, McKellar, Corbett, Brown, Waters and Munroe,
Iteeves, with Wyl(>y, McGugan, ShijJey, l*>skine, Scott, Levie, Little
•and Jarvis, Deputies, holding over.

The County Council of 187o and 1874 comprised the following
representatives : —

TowNsiiir.

Ueevks.

DkI'UTIKS.

Adelaide .lohn Morgan lohn Wylcy.

Biddiilph John Hodgins lohu Dagg.

Caradoc O. McGugan Andrew MoEvoy.

Delaware T. C. Roagcrs

f I

1 H(

TOWNSHII'!

lUHToliY CK THE

Kkkvkn.

DeI'UTIES.

I torchestor, N Robert Preaiicy Uicliard VcnniiiR.

Kktrid lIcL'tor Mcl-'arliiiie C. .1. Ciiiimlicll.

j \V. .Sliocl)otlciiii, jr..
London W. Shoobottoni, sr T. (ircciic, .1. M. 0'N«iI,

I W. KiTiioliaii.

I.u.an K. H. O'Noil

Muliillivray Aiuliew Kr.skiiie J. Marr, J. Koliiiisoii.

Mctcalfc!. . SaiiioaHlS72

Mosa li. Watturwoi'th A. Aniintroiig.

\wsouri, W A. W. lirownti Jamos Mi'Leod.

Xcwliury 'riioiiias Kdliinson

I'arkliill Wm. Slioiilts

Stratliroy Alex. RoliU ... Tlioiiias Kawcett.

Williams. K loliii Wiiter.s 1). C. Mclntyre.

WillianiH. W Andrew KUiott David lirock.

Wardsville M. (1. Miinroe

We.stniinster lames Armstrong,' K. S. Jarvi.s, J. Me(!ref;or.

ToWNSIIII'.

Rkeve.« -ICT^.

Dii'ivriKs- lS7t.

Adelaide lolin Morgan Folin Wyley.

liiddnlph John Hodgins lolin Dajjg.

Caradoe Andrew iMeKvoy Kli Grillitli.

Delaware V, V. Roj^ors

Dorchoater, N . lames li. Ijane . W II. Niles.

Kkfrid Oeo. J. Conlthard I. \\'. Camiiliell.

J , -ri ij »i 1 ( Wm. Kernohan, J. O'Neil,

I"""l°n T'""""''* lioi'tl^-'lg" ],]. Peter-s, C. W. Sifton.

liUcan Thomas Dight

Lobo Alex. McKell .L. E. Shipley.

Metcalfe Robert lirown Thomas Lightfoot.

Mosa. . Hon. Watterwoi . >i Alo.x. Armstronj;.

McGillivray Andrew Kr.skine James Marr, J. Robinson.

Nissouri, Vt' A. \V. Browne Jamos MeLeod.

Newbury Wm. Clements

I'arkhill Simon .McUod

Strathroy Charles Murray Alex. Robb.

Williams, K John Waters . . .John Levie.

Williams, W Andrew Klliott

Wardsville W. D. Hammond

Westminster James Armstrong K. S. .larvis, J. McGregor.

Lionel K. Sliipley was elocted Warden, succeeded in 1875 by Jolm
Waters.

In 1875 (Hll)ert Hanis was elected Reeve of Delaware; Geo. C.
Elliot, of Ekfiid ; John M. U'Neil, of London; .John Corbett, oi' Mr-
(lillivray; William lia})ley, of Stratliroy; E. It. Dobie, of Williams
W., Thomas En^dish, of Wai'dsville ; John W. Campbell, of the new
town of Glencoe ; A. M. Koss, of the new town of London East ; .) .
1). Saunby, of tlie new town of Petersville, and Skackelton Hay, ot
the new town of Ailsa Craig.

The Deputies were James Cilmour, of Dorchester; H. Stevenson,
Ekfrid; A. D. Osborne, C. Guest, C. W. Sifton and John Teteis,
London; J. W. Rosser and Wm. Dixon, of AIcGillivray ; G. W.
Keast, of Nissouri ; Chester G. Scott, of Strathroy ; J. Mathers, with
McGregor, of Westminster, and Peter Allister, of London East. In
the other townships the Reeves and Dejiuties of 1874 were returned.

cnl'NTV i)V MllHiMISKX.

Neil.

[iiegor.
187».

J. O'NhI,
Siftoii.

tbiimon.

foGregor.

'5 by John

\v. ; Ooo. C.
|ett, of Mc-
Williains
lof the new
ji East ; .) .
ton Hay, ot

Stevenson,
|)hn Peters,
jty; G. W
(ithers, with
East. In

re returned.

The Ticoves of tlic ('(Hiiicil of IMTt) were:- .lolm Mor;,'iiii, .lolm
Hoi]j,'iiis, A. M McKvdV, .Andrew Sliar|ie, .T. 15. I.aiu', (ieo. C. Elliott,
J. M. O'Neil, A. McK.'lhir, Ji P.rowii, 15. WtiUerwovtli, .lolin Cori.ett,
J. 15. Fvaiii, of We.stiiiin.Ktcr ; .lolm I.evie, East Williams; Tlionias
Elliott, We.sl Williiiiu.- ; Win. Kiiiley, Sdalln'oy ; Thomas En<,'lish,
Wardsville ; Tlwinias lioliinson, Newlmry: Tlinmas l)i,i;hl, I.ueun ; W.
Shoult.s, I'arkhill; .1. W. Camiihell, (Henttoe; Mnrniy Aii(ler,s(iii,
London East ; .1. I). .Sannhy, Petersville, and J. 11. I'riestly, .Ailsi
Craiji. The l.V']inty of Slialhvoy was: — ¥. .1. Cniii;, and of I.ondim
Ea,st, Thomas .Mnir. Wm. Ilidck, .lolm Da^'j; and Eli (Iritlith, wm;
Deptities of Adelaide, Biddidjih, and Caradoe, resjiectively ; .lame.s
Gilinour, of Donihester ; .A. .Stevens, of P^kfrid, A. 1). Osborne, C. W.
.Sifton, ('. (inest, and W. Elliott, of London; whih; C .M.Simmons,
T. Li^ditlbot, A AvnistroiiL;, .1. W. Ro.s.scr, Wm. J)i.\on, John 11.
Hayne.s, -lames MatlnTs, .John Ni.xon, (leori^e llouth^dije, and I'etei
Gordon, rejiresenliny tins other townships as De])nty-lieeves. James
Armstronj,' was elected Warden.

The chan^yes in the Board of 187li wen; : -Wm. Mnrdock vicr
MorL,'an ; W. II. Kyan rice John llod^ins, with W. S. Stanley viw
Depnty Dai,'^'; T. Norflicott I'icc A. M. McEvoy, with .lames (Jaml)le
and Thomas Na.^'le, Depnties; C. J. Camiibell rice Elliott, of Ekfrid,
with James Pole, l)e])nty ; A. 1). Oslxirne, of Londoti, with J. M.
O'Neil, ( 'harles (Uie.st, li. (Jt!ary, and 1). ^IcMidan, Dejaities ; Michael
i5eckett vice J)ej)nty Lightfoot, of Metcalfe; ; J. Kobinson dec. John
Corbett, with James Marr, Deputy of Mc(jillivray. -lames Armstrong
was still Peeve of London, with .T. Ni.xon, -lohn McOre^or, and G.
Kentledge, I)e])Uties. Tratford Carajibell re]ilaee(l Pi'ter Gordon as
Dejiuty of Williams East: W. H. llutchins represented Parkliill ;
Nathaniel Curi'ie, Glenooe ; T. G. S. Nevilles, Ailsa Craiu', and Isaac
Waterman, of London East, with William Stanfield, l)e])Uty, The
other townships and villa,ij;es were re])re.sented as in 1870.

Tdw N.'-iiir,

Rkkvks— 1878.

ni;ri:rii;s . 1878.

Adelaiile Folin Wylev Iain(;s Tlioinpson.

Hiiiauljili W. II. Kyaii W. ]). Stanley.

Caradoe Eli (iritlith 1). Leitcli aiul M. M(riuj,'«ii.

Delaware Uruiii Cornell

Dorchester North 1. I!. F.aiie lames (Jilniour.

Ekfrid C. .J. Caniptiell Daniel McDouf^al.

Lobo Alex. .McKellar C. .M. Simmons.

T„„i„„ A 1% r, 1 (•!. -M. O'Xeil, C. OnesI,

London A. I). Osliounu' ,, ,, t> n »iii

t H. deary, D. McMillan.

Metcalfe Thomas Ihif^hes Michael Meckett.

Mosa h. Wattcrworth Alex. Armstronj;.

McGillivray John Kobinson F. Marr, W. II. Taylor.

Nissouri West J. H. Fram I. H. Haynes.

Wostnnnster James Armstrong | ;'; ^'"""'l' /• McGregor,

" \Vt. Koutledge.

East Williams lohn Levie Tratford Campbell.

West Williams Thomas Klliott loliii Barrett.

Strathroy Wni. Raploy D. M. Cameron.

i:i

Viri.AnEH.

HISTORY OK THK

Kkrvkk 1878.

Dki'UTIkn- -187H.

Loiiiloii Kast iHaar Waterman T. W. Ilartlctt.

I'eternvillc A. J. li. Macdonald

Wardsville Thomas Kn^lish

Newbury Alex, (iraham

Olcn(M)e N. Ciirrie

Parkhill W. SlionltH

Ailsa Craip. T. (i. S. Nevilles

Liican . . W. II. Hutdiiiis

Tlic, Reeves of tlie Council of 1879 wore, in the alphabetical order
of townships: — .lulm Moruim, W. 11. Ityan, Malcolm Mc(lnj,'an,
Andrew Sliarpe, .)anu'.>; (lihnour, Allen Stevi^n.son, Ti E. Sliiplny,
Dohiild McMillan, succeeded hyTlioniiis Houtled<;e, B. Watterwortli,
Mosa ; Tlioniiis Ihiylifs, Metcalfe; John Ji'oliinson, McfJillivray ; .1.
I!. Kiain, Nis.sonri; .lames Armstrong, Thomas Shipley and Peter
Stewart. The villaj^e ]leeves were F. .1. Craij:, Strathroy ; I. Water-
man, London K. ; Thomas Eni,disli, Wardsville, succeeded l)y William
Shejiherd, N. Cnrrie, (Uencoe; Win. Shoults, Parkhill; W. K.
Atkinson, Ailsa C'raif,'; W. S. JIutchin.son, T.ucan, succeeded by W.
Stanley, A. .1. II McDonald, Petersville, and Tliomas Robinson,
Newbury. The Deputy Reeves, in alphabetical order of town.ships,
were T O. Curry, Win. D. Stanley, Dui^ald Leitch, Henry Sutlualand,
not rejtresented, .lolm Durand, .lohn A. J)obie, Robert Boston, of
Lobo ; Edward Robinson, Thomas I.aii<,'ford, R. W. Jackson and Jo.seph
Mar.sliall, of London; H. Cough, Metcidft;; A. Armstrong, Mo.sa ;
James Marr and W. H. Taylor, MctJillivray ; Charles Fitzgerald,
Nissonri ; Ceo. Rcmtledge, .lohn Nixon and .lohn McCregor, West-
minster; Arch. Canqibell, Williams E., and John Barrett, Williams
W. D. M. Cameron was Dejiuty fi'om Strathroy; .[. W. Bartlett
and .L Wright from London East. The latter was succeeded by S. A.
Adams. James Cilmcmr was elected Warden.

The Council of 1880 was made u]i as follows :-
TdWNsiiir. Rekvk. Deittv. Vim.ace.

Rkevk.

h l<

Adelaide . . ,
Biddulidi..

Caradoc

Delaware.. .
Dorchester.

Kkfrid

Lobo

.T. Morpan. . . .
W. H. Ryan. .

M. McGnnan. . .

A. Sharpe

.). Durand

.lames Pole. .. .
C. M. Simmons

London T. Routledge . ,

Mosa ....
Metcalfe..

McGillivray

Missouri . . .

H. Wattorworth
Robert Hrown. .

J. Robinson . . .

if. I!. Fram

T. 0. Curry.
W. D. Stanley.

( 1). Leitch.

\ R. Cade.

R. Venning.
J. A. Dobie.
Robert Boston.
fK Robinson.
I T. liangford.
I R. W. Jack.son.
U. Marshall.
G. Mclntyrc.
Henry Gough.
(J. Marr. '
\W. H. Taylor.
G. W. Keast.

Strathroy F. J. Craig.

" . . . D. M. Cameron, dep.
London K Lsaac Waterman.

" Chas. Lilley, dep.

" Wm. Helton, dep.

Wardsville .... W. Shepherd.

Nowbury Dr. (iraham.

Glencoe Nathaniel Currie.

Parkhill W. Shoults.

Ail.sa Craig I. Rosser.

Lucan W. Stanley.

Petersville .... W. H. Hartram.

M-ill
Will

COUNTY OK Minni.Ki^KX,

•vwovtli,
,vav -, •' •

.(I r.-.tuv

Water-
William

W. K.
I by W.
lobinson,
awusliips,
itl\(!vland,

iiistoii. of
[1(1 .Tosevb
!<., Mosa;

itzgerald,
or, West-

Willii^™^
Bavtlett

' by !^. A.

IK.F.VK.

?raig.

;aiiicroii,aei'-
M'atcrinan.
iLilley, «lep-
VUou, tlep.
lepheril.
Vaham.
liiel Uurrie.
DuUs.
jBcr.
lanlcy.
Uailiam-

TowxHHir. Rkrvk. Dkiti'v.

I.I. Nixoii,

W..,train«ter .1. AnnntroiiK . . V" '[""""'K"'
" 1 .1. Mil iri'giir.

1. 1. Mill.-.

Williams K. T. (i. Shipli-y .. A. Cain|ilM.ll.

Williams W, IVti r Stcnvmt . . .Icihii liiiiirtt.

.lohn Mor>,'aii wa.s electeil VVanluii, lii.s voto being 'J.'), agaiiLst 10
f(jr Walter worth and o fin- (Jraii;.

The clianj^e.s in th(! Council fur ISCl are thii.s given: — Win. I).
Stanley, liei'\e, with Siinniel It. Ilodgins, Deputy, of r)iii<Iuli)h;
Malcohn Modregor, Henry Sutherland and Thomas Nagh;, of Cara-
doe; Jaine.s II. Uouse, Dejiuty of Dorch(!ster; John Mclntyro,
Deputy of Kkfrid; Alex. McKeller, lleeve of Lobo; Duncan Camp-
bell. Deputy of Mesa; .lame.s IJennett, De])uty of Metcalfe; Andrew
Kobinsun, Dejaity of W. Mc( iillivray ; A. VV. Ihowne, lieeve. and
Alex. McMartin, Deputy of Ni.ssouri; John McEwcn, De])Uty of
Williams E. ; John I'mrrett, Itecve, and Angus McLachlin, Deputy of
Williams W. ; 1). M. Cameron, Keeve, and Jnme.s II. EnglLsh, i)ei)uty
of Strathroy ; Charles Lilley and I'eter Toll, of I.ondon Ea,sl ; Henry
Henderson, of Wardsville ; John I!. Ander.son, of Newbury; Isaac
Itathliuru, of Glencoe ; and Deputy .John I'latt, of I'etersville. With
the above exceptions, the nuinici)ialities were re])resented as in 18S0.
James Armstrong was elected Warden by a vote of 27, to 2o for
Koutledge. In Septendu'r, Dani(d Hlaek was elected Deputy of Lon-
don, viet' Beltoii, deceased, and Kenneth Goodman, lleeve of Parkhill,
vice .Shoults, resigned.

The Council of 1882 was composed of the following-named
Eeeves and Depnty-Keeves :—

TowN.siMi'. Rkkve. DeI'UTY.

Ailelai<le .
lUiUlulph.

Caradoc M

T. O. Curry.... Henry Dale.
W. D. Stanley. S. K. Hodgins.
( 1). Leitcli.

VlI.LAdK.

Strathroy . .

Delaware..

DorchestiT

Mcdngan
A. Sliarpo
.loliii Durand

{T. Najjle.

Kkt'rid Jaiuos Hole .

Lolio A. .Mc'lvellar

rjOiidon.

.fo.s. Marsliall.

|J. H. Rou.sc
\W. Watchor.
.1. A. Doliio.
K. lio.stoii.

I K. Robinson.

I 'I'. A. Lanf^lord.

ill W. Jacl<:^on.

Mosa I!. Wattcrworth 1). Campliell.

Miitoalfc. . . Kol)i'rt Brown . . Janu!.s lierinett.

( II. Darling.

t A. Roliinson.

A. JIi'Martin.

j J. Mi:Gregor.

I J. Xixon.

"I (t. Routledge.

\J. Mills.

Williams E. T. (J. Shipley.. . J. S. MeKwcn.
Williams W. Peter Stewart . , A. MeLaohlin.

Rerve.

D. M. Cameron.
.1. H. English, dep.

W. Rapley, dep.

London E T. W. llartlett

" .... Daniel Hlack, dep.

lames Legg, dep.

London W fohn I'latt.

" . . . W. Spencer, dep.

Wardsville.. Thomas Engii.sh.

Newbury J. 15. Anderson.

(llencoe Nathaniel Currio.

Parkhill Kenneth Cloodman.

Aiisa Craig lo.seph Ro.s.ser.

Luuan Wm. Stanley.

McGillivray W. H. Taylor.
Nissonri.. . . E. Fitzgerald .

Westminster J. Armstrong .

I. i

I i

iiisronv or tiik

Tln^ Council of IS'^Jl ]»ri'.s(>iitH 20 now niiiuus iind 24 niinu's of tli«

Couiicilloi'H (if 1S8J. Till' iii'W Ui'cvt's iU't! iiaiui'il us follows: — .Iiuints
(Jilinoiii, Dorcl'icstc;!' ; liolii'il I'o.sLon, l.olio ; Iticiiuiil Moylc, Mclciilfc ;
huiioan Ciiiiiiilii'll, MoMii ; James Marr, Mdiillivray ; .loliii T.
Cougliliii, W('stiiiiiist((r ; Jolm S. MrKwcii, Williams K. ; Simon
McI,»"o.l, Williams W. ; W. H. i'.ailiam, l.oiiilon W.'sl ; .1. II.
McUohnrts, Liicrtii ; and Isaac Katlilmrn, (Jlcncof. I'lui new I)it])uty
Uccvcs wuro William 'rnincr, of I>i(l(lnl|ili ; Diiu'ald <,'am|il)i'll, of
Caradoc, Tire T. Naglc ; Wm. Turnliull, of I loiclicslcr ; /aciiariali
McCallnm, of Kkfi'id ; I». 1>. liairis, of Lolio ; Kdward K. Sale, Holx'it
Di'cancy and Tiiomas Uobson, of London, I'l'tcr Klson hriii^' ic ckicttid ;
8in^,di!ton Gibl), of Mosa; .lolin I'atc^hinj,', (tf Mc(!illivi'ay, I'/'iv Darlinj;;
itohci't Sinnmers 'Uid Wni. If. Odidl, of Westminster, rirr Mc(!rej^or
and UoMtle(l,L,'e; I) A. (iillies, of Williams K. ; N. 1). Wyley,' (.f
Williams W. I>. M. Cameron was elected Warden liy a vote of 25,
aj^ainst L'M recorded for .Stanley.

The roll of the Conned of 1884 by townshijis and villages, presents
the fullowin}' names : —

TOW.NSIIII'.

Rkkvks.

DKI'I'TIKN.

Adelaide Duncan A. Campbell I'atrick M\irray.

Uiddulph W. D. Stanle)- Tlmiiias K. Hodgiii.s,

Caradoc Malcolm McGuKan j i'"!;:,* p ^'|:''''''-

Dc'lawiiro Andrew Sharpe

Donliester lames (lilmour lolin McFarlaiie

Ekt'rid ,)uhn Melntvre .1. A. Dobie.

Lobo Robert IJoston li. li. Harris.

r „., ■ . „ » .,, ( R. Drcaney, T. Rubson,

''°"'''^" ••-''" '"''*"'" [ R. K. 1>0«, .11, J. liell.

Mosa Duncan Campbell Singleton (Jilib.

Metealfe lames liennott T. K. llawken.

McUillivray lames .Marr A. Robinson, .1. I'atchcn.

Nissouri ,1. 15. Fram ... .Thomas Glial riipr.x.

Westminster Fohn T. Coughliu | ',';. ^,'rn','';, ■'^',i"ai,

Williams Kast D. A. Oillies J. .McArtliur.

Williams West . .Simon McLeod Anjjus McLeisli.

Vll.I.ACK. Rkkve.s. DkI'UTIKS.

Stratlirov Lawrence Cleverdon D. W. Vary, R. P. Smith.

London East I. W. IJartlett I), lilack, I). R. Winnett.

London West ,Tohn Piatt \l. Johnstone.

Parkhill R. Slioults

Ailsa Craig D. F. Stewart

Lucan Wm. Klwood

Glencoe L Rathburn

Newbury T. li. Anderson

Wardsville E. Liliey

In the Council of 1885 were fourteen Reeves and si.xteen Dejjuty-
Tieeves who served the jirevious year. The Ueeves elected in 18>."i
were James Pole, of Ekfrid; P.. Watterworth, of Mosa; Henry (iouuli,
of Metcalfe; Andrew Robinson, of McGillivray ; W. H. Odell, td'
Westminster ; Dr. J. H. Gardiner, of London E. ; W. W. Fitzgerald,

COUNTY OF MIDin.KSEX.

(,s of tlu'

.t.lciill'i' ;
.lolin T.

,; .1. ...

,v pi'V>itv
/iic'hiiviali

.,. DavUujJi;

Wylt'V, »}'
vote t>f -".

res, vrcsentf'

Uobsoii,
J. IWll.

Patchcn.

Jcrs.

li. Skviae.

Wiiiuett.

Iteeu Depiity-
Icted in 18-^'

llenvv lioujili.
H. "Odell, "t

Iv. Vitzgovalil.

(il Lciiidoii W. ; .Tosttph llosscr, of Ailsii Criii<,'; Xiithiiiiicl Cunio, dl
(lliiicdc, iiiiil Williiiiii Slic|iliiiiil, 111' WaiiUvillt' Oftlu' new Dcpiity-
liri'Vca, (/'. C. nuiiyiiiH ivpivsnitcd lii(l(iiil|ili ; T. 11. Wiinvii, iMctculft! ;
.Idliii 15i'aill(\v, ('/(•/• A. Itnliiiisnii, Mcdillivray ; .hiiiica Ifoiidiirson,
Nissdiiri; yiancis Kllinll, r/ir Odi'Il, Wcsliiiiiistcr; |), McKciizic,
Williams K. ; Win. Jlaplfy and Jaiiu's r>(i\vicy, Sliatliiny ; I'dcr Toll
ami (It-n. lli'aiiiaii, Luiiduii K., and Win. Spciico, Luiiddii WosL.

Tii(^ (.'oniii'il of issc, conipriscd Itiiiicaii A. Cainiilicll, Win. I).
Slaiilcyi Mal("nlin Mcduuan, .Viidivw Sliariic, .lames (iilnicnir, .lann's
I'lilc, li'dlicrt I'xi.'^toii, I'l'tcr I'llsdii, liriijamin Watlriwuilli, Ilcniv
C.mmIi, Wm. II. Taylor, .1. 15. Krain, Wm.'ll. Oddl, Trailord Cain].lK'll,
Sinidii McLcod, I,. Ch'vi'i'ddii, W. W. Fitzycmld, Ui(t!iai'd SlaMilts,
.lu.sc])li jjdssci', Wm. KIwdiid, Nalliaiiii'l ( 'iniic, Pr (iialiam, .Idhn Ileal Ii,
Ii'i'cv.'H ; anil Patrick Miinay, ('. (,'. llml'^iMs, Dii^ald I.i'ili'li, Siiin.U'l
.MilJracUcii, Dnnr'an McLaiit^'ldin, Uray Willcy, dairies .Sitnindii.s,
Ildlicrt. l)rcaiiry, Tinnias K. IJdli.sdii, Ricliard A. I'owcll, .lames lii'll,
William \Vel.sier, William S. (Jalvert, .Tdhn I'atrlieii, .Inliii liradley,
.lames Ileiidersdii, .Inliii Nixon, .lames Mills, I'ramis Kiliott, liariialias
SUuso. I)a.vid .M(d\eiizie, .lulni (1. .lames. Win. Ilajiley,.Iaiii".s r>d\vloy,
li. F. Lacey, l)e]m(y-i;eeves

The (Joiiiiril ol 1SS7 eom|iri,s(Ml Dnnean A. (Jainjiliell, C C. HoilL^'ins,
Samuel MeUraekeii, .lolin .Idliiislou, .lames Gilmonr, .luhn A. Dohie,
I'efer Klson, Koli(;rt liostoii, Henry (ion.eh, I'.eiijamin WalterworUi,
Wm. II. Taylor, Kdward l''it/L;eral(l. .lolni T. Conuldin, Tratl'ord Caiii].-
liell. Simon Mcl.eod, Lawrence Cleverdon, .lames Campliell, liulierl
White,, Nathaniel Ciirric, .losepli IJosser, Alex. (Iraham, M I)., Wm.
Klwood, .lohn Heath, Jieeve.s; with Duncan liol.eilson, 1'. .1. J)ewan,
.lames (Janiiile, Henry Hanly, .Tames H. Itouse, l'>ray Willey, Kdk'rt
I.^eaiiey, Thomas K. It.jhson, Jliehanl .V I'owell, li'ichiird .Vidiel, ( '. M.
Simmons, Wm. S (,'alvert, Sinelelon ( Jilih, .lohn rateheii, .lohn Bradley,
Thomas Dullin, .lohn Xixoii, .lohn Mills, Francis Elliott, Wm. (ierry,
Daniel A. (lillies, A. W. Annustine, Hector l'ri|uhart, F. L. Harrison,
Thomas Mc(5ocy, I)(!]iuty-Jleeves.

The mcmbors of the Council of LS.SS are named in tlu", sketches of
the .s(^veral mmiicijialilie.s.

In .lanuary, 1.SS7, 1!. Watterworth, .seconded hy I). A. Cam]iliell,
moved that tin; IV'tilioniiiL! Commitlei! dral't a ])etiiion to the
liC^islalure, ])rayini; them to so amend the act relating; to llie franchi.se
and representation of the ])eo]ile, namely, chapter 2 of 48 Victoria,
section 7, so as to e,\teiiil the privilege to wage earners of voting at
municipal elect ion.s as well as |iailiam(!iitary.

On -lime 9, 1887, R. lioston, .seconded Iiy C. M. Simmon.s, moved
that the following memliers of this Council lie a committee to draft an
address to ?\Ir. Murray on his retirement from the Treasurershi]. of this
County, and t,o re])ort to tlii.s Council the best means of showing dur
gdod will to Mr. .Murray in some tangible form for his long and faith-
ful services, viz.:— Messrs. S. McLcod, .laiiies (Jilmour, 13. Watter-

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

12.2

112.

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST M^IN STREET

webste;:, NY. msso

(7>6) 872-4503

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v^' #^

HISTORY OF THK

worth, John T. Coughlin, Peter Elson, Trafford Campbell and the
mover.

On the same date the following applications for the situation of
County Treasurer were read : — James Grant, Lionel E. Shipley, Wm.
H. Odell, Alex. McKellar, Wm. D. Stanley, A. M. McEvoy, D. L.
Leitch, Francis Parker, and W. King Dixon

A special meeting was held September 8, 1887, in answer to a
notice sent to each member by the Clerk, informing them that the
vacancy in the Municipal Council of Strathroy, by the continued
absence of Mr. Cleverdon, had been filled by the election of D. W.
Vary as Reeve, which caused a vacancy in the Wardenship of the
County, necessitating a meeting of the Council to elect a Warden. D.
A. Campbell, seconded by John Nixon, propo.sed that Simon McLeod,
lleeve of the Township of West Williams, he Wanien of the County
for the remainder of the year in the room and stead of L Cleverdon,
whose seat has been declared vacant by the Council of the local
municipality of Strathroy. In 1888 Warden McLeod was re-elected.

The salaries of the county officials, appointed by Council, as fixed
in 1887, are as follows : — Warden, $300 ; Jail Physician, $250 ;
Manager House of Kefuge, $350; Matron, $150; Engineer, $400;
Janitor Court House and (.'ounty Buildings, .$450 ; Countv Treasurer,
$1,600; County Clerk, $700; Inspector House of liefuge, $200;
Physician House of Kefuge, $200. The County Commissioner, for
actual service, $3.50 per day, and members of Council and auditors of
criminal justice accounts, $2 per day and mileage.

Early Items. — In 1842, John Wilson, Q. C, was elected first
Warden. John S. Buchanan succeeded him in 1845, and he was
succeeded by Wm. Niles, who held the position from 1847 until
1853, when Jolm Scatcherd was chosen. Halcroft Church was
Warden in 1855; Tiios Moyle, in 1856; Robert Craik, 1857; Benj.
Cook, 1858-9; Arch. Campbell, 1860-2; Christopher Coombs, 1863;
M. S. Ayers, 1864; John H. Munro, 1865. M. S. Ayers was
elected Warden in January, 1866 ; R. Dreauey, in 1867 ; Thomas
Moyle, 1868; Thos. Routledge, 1869; Richard Tooley, 1870; John
Watterworth, 1871; Malcolm G. Muuroe, 1872 (re-elected in 1873);
Lionel E. Shipley, 1874 ; John Waters, 1875 ; James Armstrong, 1870 ;
John Levie, 1877; James Gilmour, 1879; Jolm Morgan, 1880; .las.
Armstrong, 1881; Joseph Marshall, 1882; D. M. Cameron, 1883;
W. D. Stanley, 1884; Malcolm McGugan, 1885, B. Watterworth,
1886; Lawrence Cleverdon, 1887. In September, 1887, Simon
McLeod was elected, vice Cleverdon.

County Building8.~0n October 15, 1792, an act for building a
jail and court-house in every district of Upper Canada, and for alter-
ing the name of such districts was passed. Later, when the District of
London was organized, a building was erected in Charlettetown, and in
October, 1816, Thomas Talbot, Robert Nichol, and John Backhouse,
were authorized to enclose and paint this building, known as the

COinJTV OF MIDDLESEX.

and the

uation of
ley, Win.
oy, B. L.

swer to a
n that the
continued

of D. W.
hip of tlie
irden. D.
1 McLeod,
he County
Cleverdon,

the local

re-elected.
;il, as fixed
ian, $250 ;
leer, $400;

Treasurer,
igc, S200;
ssioner, for

auditors of

looted first
id he was
847 until
lurch was

57 ; Benj.
libs, 1863;
Ayers was
Thomas
870 ; John

in 1873);
rong, 187G ;
1880; .Tas.
ron, 1883 ;
Tatterworth,
87, Simon

building a
id for alter-

District of
x)wn, and in
Backhouse,
own aa the

"Jail and Court-house," and to procure funds to pay for same. On
March 19, 1823, the magistrates of the district were authorized to
raise £1,000 to aid in finishing this jail and court-house, which was
used until partially destroyed by fire. Contemporary with the District
Court-house, there were several Magistrates' Courts scattered through-
out the district, and among the number was the Westminster Court-
house — a log building at Springbank, where Squires Springer atui
Ingersoll dispensed justice in 1825.

Under a special act of January 30, 1826, a town was ordered to \te
surveyed at the forks of the Thames, of which four acres were to Im;
reserved for a jail and court-house. Thomas Talbot, Mahlon Ihir-
well, James Hamilton, Charles Ingersoll, and John Matthews, of Lobo>
were aupointed Commissioners to erect a jail and court house ; to
raise funds by taxation, and to borrow £4,000. The CommissioTiers
were ordered to meet at St. Thomas and organize in March, 1826.
St. Thomas was then a pretentious settlement, and made a determined
effort to secure the seat of justice ; but O'Brien's settlement won, and
the work of building commenced in 1826-7. The first court-house
stood upon the same scpiare whereon the present one stands, but was
located closer to the street ; and after the construction of the new
building the old one was moved to the bank of the hill by the con-
tractor. It was a two-story frame building, and in one end were jJaccd
two cells, these being rendered more secure by placing logs around the
cells, from whicli the building acquired the distinctive title of the
" Old Log Court-house."

On January 14, 1830, bills aggregating £1,114 15s. Od, were
approved for work done on the court-house at London. An order was
issued to the Treasurer to insure both jail and court-house for £4,000.
John Evart agreed to complete furnishing the court-house.

In January, 1830, the magistrates issued the following order to
the Jailor : — " That the Jailor do furnish to the prisoners confined in
the London District Jail the following quantity and quality of pro-
visions, namely, of meat one pound each person per day, of bread one
and a-half pounds to each, with potatoes and other vegetables in
season, and in such quantities as may be judged wholesome by the
Jailor of said District."

In April, 1830, the Court ordered " that the jail limits do extend
to Dundas street, and include the lots on each side of said street from
Lots IG to 24 inclusive, the whole of the public square, the street
between the public square and McGregor's westward to the end of the
square, Kidout street from Dundas to southern boundary of McGregor's
lot, and the lots on each side of Ridout street as far as McGregor's lot
extends — containing 16 acres."

John Harris, Treasurer of the District, was granted £50 for his
services in procuring moneys for building jail and court-house, and
purchasing books for accounts against the lands of absentees.

'.V'

HISTOKY OK THE

■;

if mmn

In this month also a painter, named Cmig, was allowed £11 15s. Od.
for painting the cnat-of-arms for the court room. In .Tuly, a short
time before the opening of the assizes, two pine tables, three octagon
tables and thirty connnon chairs were ordered for the the court-room,
.lames Hamilton, one of the Commi.ssioners to York in 1830 to negotiate
H loan, asked remuneration, but the magistrates denied the request.
In April, ISol, John Ewart was allowed £237 for re-building the
house hitherto erected iis the temjwrary jail on the town plot of
London.

In 183"), it was ordered that the two rooms in the basement story
of the Court-house be cleaned, one to be occuj)ied by the SherilV, and
that the Sheriil's room adjoining the Clerk's oflice, formerly occupied
by the Tieasunsr, be set off as the office of the District Court Clerk.
On ,luly 13, 1838, a survey of the site for the ]iroposed new jail on
the John Kent grounds was ordered. In Ajiril, 1839, the (Jovernment
was petitioned to grant a site. In April, 1839, a Committee of thi;
Court reported in favor of locating the new jail on lots 1, 2, A, 4 and
ft, on the north side of Kast North street, and on lots '2, 3, 4 and a, on
the south siile of Duke strei't, comprising the elevated grounds south
of the ai'tillery barraclvs. The acquisition of this property was ordered
liy jmrchase or otherwise, but never carried out.

On November, 1843, the -lail Committee reported £2,024 7s. Od.
paid out on account of the new jail, leaving £1,009 2s. 7d, due on
estimates. In February, 1844, Chairman Lawrasou presented a report
from his Committee, showing that the total expenditure was £r),50-l-
11s. 4d. for giving to the District an odd feudal structiu'e resembling
the Castle of Malahide, near Dublin. The itlea was to please Col.
Talbot, and it had ])lenty of followers, for notwith-standing the lessons
of the Ilebellion, class idolatry still existed. In November, 1847, Dr.
McKenzie was aj^iunnted Surgeon of the jail, vice Dr. Lee, deceased.
Dr. rhillijjs, his o)>piinent, received twelve of the thirty votes cast.
From 1861 to 1867 the fJoverimient ])aid into the Treasury of Middle-
.sex 83,663. 5:! for court-house and jail ])urposes, out of the liuilding
Fund. In June, 1808, a jietition from the City of London asking jier-
mission to ornament the court-house gi'ounds was granted, and the
fence and other incumltrances ordered to be removed before November
1, that year. To this date the jieople look back for the limited, but
neat grounds, which lay before' the court-house. Fi'om January 1, to
November 2"), 1868, there were 372 city prisoners, anil lo4 county
in'isoners. The various improvements made in the County buildings,
such as that made under the Broadbent and Overcll contract, of
.lanuary 2.5, 1878, are noted in the history of London,

The House of liefiKje — In the earlier years of this District jniblic
charity cxi.sd'd in a very rude form. Even ])oor widows were publicly
sold to the highest bidder, the ))r(iceeds of the sale entering the District
Treasury, while the unfoitunate white slaves luul to work for their
white mastiMs without hope of pay. The imbecile or others uuuble to

15s. Od.
11 short
octagon
vt-room.
legotiate
request,
ding the
plot of

jnt story
erilV, and

occupied
xt Clerk,
■w jail on
)vcrnnient
,ec of tlui

;^, 4 and
and a, on
inds south
,'as ordered

024 78. Od.

7d. duo on

ted a report

'•as £5,504-
escnibling
ilcase Col.
10 lessons
1847, Ur.
deceased,
votes cast,
of Middle-
he Uuikling
asking per-
il, and the
November
limited, but
muary 1, to
154 county
ty buildings,
contract, of

istrict public

ere i)ul)licly

the District

ork fortlieir

313 unable to

ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL.

sui

civ

lat(

niit

Inii

but

and

Hoi

(lest

the

wlie

«5,2

to e:

pred

Hon

ofgi

Tlie

inniii

So I, I

bn sa

Clerl,

connj

decea

Housi

made

R-illai

lespec

that I

;Jiio,

appoir

Holde

L. Cx.

Fi'ank,

a total

Oonnti

Th(

iiinoiin

''row L

of whi(

Uii

Kefuge

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

su])poit tlienisolves were ])laoed in chnrge of some person who would
be willing to give them food and clothes for a nominal sum ; but as
civilization advanced a methodical system of relief was provided ; and
later still a better system was instituted. On Oct. 5, 1847, a com-
mittee, of which J(tlm Burwell was Chairman, reported in favor of
building a House of Industry under the power by Sttvtnte of Seventh
William IV., Chap. 24. Many looked ui)on this proposition favorably ;
but remembering the old immigi'ant hospit'ils on the Hamilton Koail
and at Waixlsville, the majority voted contra

On Jan. 25, 1867, another report on the expediency of erecting a
House of Refuge was presented ; but treated with a coldness that
destroyed the hoijcs of its supporters. In 1875 the cost of maintaining
the indigent was Sl,l77.52; in 1876, $1,127.75, and in 1877-8,
when there were 110 resident indigents and a number of stragglers,
85,'_'49.22. In .June, 1878, a committee of the Council was appointed
U) examine the ([uestion of supporting the poor, and this one, like its
predecessors, reported in favor of building and maintaining a Poor
House. The Council ultimately decided on building, with the result
of giving to the county the excellent institution just west of Strathroy.
The expenditures, too, have grown, for in 1886 there were 128
inmates, including the keeper, matron and family, who cost the county
§31,775; and in 1887, 133 inmates, costing l532,V04. The house may
be paid to be governed by a boanl of visitors, one of whom. County
Clerk McKenzie, gives the Institution much time and attention.

In Decemlier, 1871, the question of establishing a hospital in
connection with the House of liefuge, according to the will of the
deceased William Lambert, was before the Council.

In June, 1880, the new building sit Strathroy, known as the
House of Itefuge, was reported almost complete, according to the plans
made by T. H. Tracy. The committee recommended that Arch,
liallantyne and his wife Agnes be appointed keeper and matron
vesjiectively, the former at !jf200 and the latter at $100 per annum ;
that Dr. Itotert A. Stevenson, of Strathroy, be i)hy,sician, at a salary of
;JI10, and Dr. 1). G. McKenzie inspector, at SI 00. J. Baskerville was
appointed engineer. The cost of the 46^ acres purchased from James
Holden was ."53,300 ; to W. J. Fawcett, for main building, $17,562 ; to
L. G. JolitVe, for steam heating, $3,300, and to Isaiah Ellis, C. J.
Frank, John Newton, James 1). Bowlby, for sundry work, $1,041 ; or
a total, exclusive of furniture, amounting to $25,203.

In December, 1880, John Morgan, VVarden, and D. G. McKenzie,
Uoimty Clerk, signed By-law No. 341, for governing the House.

The constructicm and operating e.xpenses up to November 18, 1881,
amounted to $34,413.96. There were 108 admissions, including 13
from Lambton County. The value of farm products was $1,007.65,
of which $18.38 worth was sold.

During the year 1882 there were 94 inmates in the House of
Kefuge from this county, and 20 from Lambton County, of whom 15

HISTORY OF THE

died, 19 absconded, 15 were discharged and 65 remaiiiod. Tlie
maintenance account was S7, 529.74, of which, products of t'uiin yielded
$1,627.49.

Asylum for the Insane. — This institution wsvs taken jjoasession
of and occupied on the 18th Novenibc^r, 1870. The transfer of the
])atients from the Orillia Asylum, comprising 46 men and 73 women,
was safely accomplished on that day by steamer to Belle Ewart,
Northern Railway to Toronto, and Grand Trunk Railway to London.
On the 23rd November, the Maiden patients, consisting of 120 men
and 123 women, arrived j)er steam transport to Windsor, and thenct;
by Great Western Railway to London. The total number of patients
transferred from Maiden and Orillia to the London Asylum was
therefore 363, viz.: — 166 men and 197 women. The otHcers in
charge were Dr. Henry Laudor, Superintendent ; Dr Ste]>hen Lutt,
Assistcint, and Miss Warren, Matron. At this time, J. W. Iiangmuir
was Government Inspector. In 1871 the refuge for adult idiots wa.s
established, the Government approjmating SlO.nOO for buildings. Tht;
original house was begun in June, 1869. The location is admirable in
every lespect, A little over two miles distant from the city post oflict-,
with a street railroad reaching within easy walking distance, it is con-
venient. The site is 117 feet above the river, sloping to the east and to
the west. Toward both points the rainwater flows, and toward botli,
portions of the sewage are directed. The southern slope is, at tint
Ijodge 1,200 feet distant, seven feet lower than at the building ; sew-
age, however, cannot l)e applied by gravitation to the land, as the
inclination of the land is not sufHcient for that purpose. There are ud
nuisances of any description near the site, nor is it ollensively ovc^i-
looked by roads or footpaths, so that the privacy essential to tlit;
comfort of the insane can be maintained

Dr. Landor, who for three years had charge of the Asylum at
Maiden and for nine years of that at London, died in 1877, when J)r.
r.«tt was appointed temporary Sujierintendent. Dr. R. M. Bucke was
installed in that position Feb. 15, that year, and for over a decade ha.s
managed the institution with rare ability. When he took charge
there were 598 jiatients actually in the house. W. G. Metcalfe was
Assistant Superintendent ; T. J. W. Burgess, Assistant Physician ;
R. Mathison, IJursar ; R. Hardy, Steward, and Mrs. Pope, Matron In
1878, Dr. N. H. Beemer was appointed second Physician, and T. Short,
Bursar. In 1879, Dr. Burgess was Assistant Superintendent, with Dr.
Beemer first and Dr. T. Millman second Physician The important
changes in the stall' since that date include the appointment of Dr.
Sippi, liarsar; Dr. Robinson, first. Dr. Beemer, .second, and Dr. Foster,
third Assistant; Mr. Wanless, Storekeeper, Dr. O'Rielly being In-
spector of Asylums.

The total admissions to Provincial Asylums, since the institution of
the first one in 1841, including the admissions of 1885, numbered

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

uxl. T\.e

j)0S9CSsit)l»

iisfer of the
73 woiiu!H,
;elle EwaTt,
r to Londoi\.
of 120 luoii
:, anil t1»cnc»;
;r of patients
Asylum wfts
e otVicers 111

stevlicn 1'^'*^*'
\V. l-augi"U»
,„lt idiots was

iiiWiuSS ^T
s admirable m

city post oflice,

auce, it is cou-

tiie east and to

id toward both,

slope is, at tUo

[building ; sew-

iie laud, as the

There are u«>

IVeusivcly ovev-

isseutial to tlu;

|u.r. Asylum at
1S77, when D''-
I. Bucke was
a decade has
3 took char-je
Metcalfe was
t Physician;
Matron 1"
.u,; and T. Short.

Lndent, with Dr
The important
pointment of l>r
- and Dr. Foster,
fjUy being In-

the institution of
1885, numbered

12,055. Of this toUvl, the following table gives the social state,
nationality, and of religions profession : —

Of total admissions,
InvludinK transfere.
SOCIAI, STATK.

Married 5, 9fl8

Unmarried 6,0ri7

12,05.'i

NATIONAMTIEH.

Canadian .5,062

English 1,694

Irish 2,98(5

Scotch 1,280

United States ;J8t>

Other countries and unknown 647

12,055

HF.LUJIOUS liKNOMlNAilONS.

Church of England 2,997

Roman Catholic 2.669

Presbyterian "2, ."iOH

Methodist 2,223

Other denominations or unknown 1,660

12,055

The total number of inmates at London, in this year, was 1,031,
although the statistics for September give 907. This last numlH?r may
be considered the average annual insane population ftf the London
District, down to the close of 1.S88.

The present system, wliich generally ignores the use of mechani-
cal restraints and banishes alcohol, was introduced by Dr. Bucke,
eight years ago. Its results are shown by figures. During the five
years succeeding the establishment of the asylum here, only 37 pei'
cent, of the patients were discharged as cured ; the following five
years tlie percentage reached 41, and under the salutary system of the
present superintendency, the percentage is 45. For the same periods,
the death rate was 5.50 per cent., 4.50 per cent, and 4.35 per cent
respectively. A portion of the asylum buildings was destroyed by
fire, December 2, 1887, entailing a loss of about $00,000. In 1888,
the work of re-building was carried out, and the erection of the Bursar's
residence completed.

Scott, Act. — The petition that the Scott Act be submitted to the
voters of Middlesex was signed by 5,671 i)ersons, and presented to
Sheriff' Glass by D. H. Williams and Rev. G. H. Henderson, Novem-
ber 5, 1884. The Council lost little time in granting this petition,
and in a})])ointing James Grant Returning Officer for the election,
which was ordered to be held in June, 1885. This election was held.
A summarized table of the voting in the county is subjoined, giving
the number of votes polled for and against, and the number of
votes rejected : —

IHSTOKY OF THE

Kalnrt.

Rejeoted

206

146

168

353

2!)

136

101

234

2!l

109

175

2,370

For

Adelaide 238

Biddulph 171

Caradoc 327

North Dorclieatcr 324

Delaware 153

Ekfrid 239

Lobo 350

London 718

Mosa 205

Metcalfe 167

McGillivray 393

West Nissouri 348

Westminster 736

East Williams 204

West Williams 150

Strathroy Town 232

London East 264

London West 124

Ailsa Craig 84

I'arkhill 117

Wardsville 42

Newbury 43

Gleneoe 64

Lucan 52

Total 5,755

UF.CAl'lTULATION.

For.

West Middlesex 1,041

North Middlesex 922

East Middlesex 1,388

Total majority 3,351

London city had nothing whatever to do in this transaction, and it
is remarkable that a gieater number of staggering libels on humanity
may be seen in any of the incoq)orated towns of the county where the
act is in force, than in the city where the old law is well observed.

Under the former Tavern and Shop License Act, the amount
received for licenses, transfers, removals and fines in the City of Lon-
don from May 1st to December 31st, 1881, was $8,541.68; London
Township, $1,500; North Dorchester, $420; London West, $540;
Westminster, $1,320; London East, $1,375; West Nissouri, $300;
East Williams, $180 ; McGillivray, $105.81 ; Adelaide, $180 ; Bid-
dulph, $300; Ailsa Craig, $423.75; Lobo, $240; Parkhill, $780;
Luoan, $480 ; West Williams, $120 ; Ekfrid, $240 ; Strathroy, $1,400 ;
Waidsville, $225 ; Metcalfe, $240; Delaware, $180; Caradoc, $300;
Gleneoe, $360 ; Mosa, $60 ; Newbury, $255.

Of these amounts the following sums were paid to municipalities :
London city, $5,266.68 ; London Township, $8 17.21 ; North Dorchester,
$225.19; London West. $403.43; Westminster, $719.14; London
East, $1,019.93; West Nissouri, $163.43; East Williams, $86.16; I
McGillivray, $88 55; Adelaide, $86.16; Biddulph; $143 60; Ailsa |
Craig, $259.53 ; Lobo, $114.88; Parkhill, $558.44; Lucan. $292.32:
West Williams, $57.44; Ekfrid, $118.40; Strathroy, $954.13 ; Wards-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

St. Rejected.

1
5
3

i 1

; I

1 *

I 16

» 2

^ 2

1 3

4 8
I
:<»
19 2

5
'3 4
!4 1
56 *
16

i70 57

For.
.. 1,041

... 922

'.'.'.'.'.'.'..■■■ 1.38S

3,351

msaction, and it
els on humanity
iiinty where the
jU observed.
Cct, the amount
;he City of Lon-
541.68; London
on West, $540;
Nissouri, $300 ;
lide. $180; Bid-
Parkhill, $780;
;trathroy, $1,400;
; Caradoc, $300;

to municipalities ;
North Dorchester,
S719.14; London
Villiams, $86.16;
; $143 60 ; Ailsa
; Lucan. $292.32
$954.13; Wards-

ville, $133.80; Metcalfe, 8118.40: Delaware «88 so r ^ .

Glencoe, $238.40 • Mosr SHw an t^ \^ '^^'^•^" > Caradoc, *14H •

T»,» '•»'-'""•■»", mnsii, Sjy.bO ; Newbury. $163 80 > *^-» ,

LonJon^ "S^, tZ' t^t^ 1. ''' £^'^0-81 were :-
S520,agaiuii$340 in m9 80 Sb S^uV^'^l' ^'' Middlesex,
1879 80; U^st MiddS. S?4oSns^'4tiri8*79 fr'''''''

335; 1881, 210 •' ^^^^' ^^^ ' ^878, 211; 1879.193; 1880

Inspectors in the t In-eeTc^^^S ^ !r"f « '''^'°^^« aud salaries of
Middlesex, 8734 49 • Nr S VfiH fi °I- *.''•' °«""t>' were :-Ea.st

8577.44. ' ^"'^^ Middlesex. $520.68; West Middle.seV

HlSTOltY »)K THK

CHAITKK Vr.

POLITICS FUOM 1788 TO 1888.

On July 24, 1788, Ujiper Caimdii was set otV into four Districts, by
order of hnx\ Dorclicster, issued at St. Louis Custle, Quebec : — Lunen-
burg, tbe first, extemh'd from the Ottawa to the Gananoque, later known
as the Thames; Mecklinburg comjmsed the territory between the
Gananoque and the Trent rivers ; Nassau embraced the country
between the Trent and Long Point, on Lake Erie, while Hesse was the
name extended over the remainder of Western Canada, and the country
around Detroit. Iticlianl Duncan was Judge of the first; Richard
Cartwriglit, mce Stewart, of the second ; Robert Hamilton of the thirtl,
and, it is alleged, William Robertson, of Detroit, was commissioned
Judge of Hes.so. In naming these Districts, it was Dorchester's
intention to jilace the Palatines (who were refugees in Limerick
County, Ireland,) in all judicial and executive oflices; but wiser
counsel prevailed, and the men named were given the positions of
District Judges.

Governor John Gmves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of
Ontario, was installed July 8, 1792, at Kingston, when James Baby,
William O.sgood, William Robertson, Alex. Grant and Peter Rus.sell
were named as the first Executive Council. On July 17, that year,
Robert Hamilton and Richanl (Jartwright, jr, one of them a former
District Judge, with Richard Duncan, also a Judge, John Munroe and
Thomas Eraser, were summoned, in addition to tlie Executive Council,
to form the Legislative Council. About this time Duncan was guilty
of some fraudulent transaction, and fleeing to Schenectady, N. Y,
never I'eturned to share legislative honors. About this time, also,
Robertson moved out of Detroit, and started his store at Sandwich;
and the honor of making money at that point he esteemed higher than
any legislative favor. Four days after the opening of the Council the
first Governf)r set out towaid Niagara ; but i)rior to leaving Kingston,
in fact, before he convened the Legislative Council, he divided the
new Province into counties, for legislative jiurjxjses or representation.
At Newark, the new capital at tlilj mouth of the Niagara, he pre-
sided over the Executive Council, September 29, 1 792. At this time
Major Littlehales was his Military Secretary; Lieut. Thomas Talbot,
Provincial Aide-de-Camj) ; Gray, Solicitor-General; Small. (Jlerk of
the Executive Council ; Wm. Jarvil, Civil Secretary ; Peter Russell,
Receiver-General; D. W. Smith, Surveyor-General, with Thomas
Eidout and Wm. Chewitt, Assistant Surveyors.

The Legislative Council was convened Oct 9, 1792, and continued
the meeting until the 15th in the building used at periods by
Catholics and Protestants as a place of worship, with Peter Clark,

COUNIT OF MIDDLKSKX,

Oistricts, by
3 . — Lunen-
later known
jetween the
he country
i39se was tl\c
1 the country
ret; Kichard

of the third,
iommissioneil

Dorchester'a

in T^iniei'ick
s ; but wiser
. positions of

t-Governor of
James Baby,
Veter Russell
17, that yeivv,
hem a former
In Munroe «i>a
iutive Council,
m was guilty
[ectsidy, N. Y ,
[his time, also,
at Sandwich;
led higher than
u; Council the
jving Kingston,
(he divided the
representation,
iagara, he pre-
At this time
Irhomas Talbot,
Ismail. Clerk of
Peter Russell,
with Thomas

and continued
at periods by
lith Peter ''

Clark,

Spcrctary ; .lohn G. Law, llsher of the lilack Rod; Col. John Butler,
of the Rangers, >Suj)erinten(l(!nt of the Indian Department ; and John
\Vhit«, Attorney-General. This rarliament was a strange mixture of
pure, nnadulturated democracy and aristocracy. The jHJople, at the
August electioii.s, refused tti select half-j>ay officers, choosing men
instead who dined at the same table with their einployus. The names
of the first elected memlxTs of this Niagara Parliament are as follows :
—.John McDonnell, of Glengary, Speaker; James Baby, Joshua
Booth, Alexander Camjibell, Jerry French, Ephmiin Jones, Hugh
McDonnell, VVm. Macomb. Ben. Pawling, Nathaniel Pettit, David
William Smith, Hazleton Spencer, John Young, Isaac Swazy, .John
VVIiitc and Philip Dorland. The last named being a Quaker, refused
to take the oatli. His seat was declared vacant, when Peter Van
Alstine was elected. Angus McDonnell was Clerk and Rev. Robert
Addison, Cha|ilain.

The members above named rejire.sented the following nineteen
counties established by Governor Simcne's proclamation of July 16,
179li: — Glengary, Stonnont, Dundas, Greenville, Leeds, J'rontenac,
Ontario, Addington, Lenox, Prince Ixlward, Hastings, Northumberland,
hurliam, York, Lincoln, Norfolk. Sutl'olk, Kssex and Kent. Glengary
was entitled to two members ; Kent, which comprised all the country
to the Hudson Bay, two members; Suffolk and Essex one member,
and so on, all claiming sixteen members, oidy a few of whom attended.

This democratic assembly made short work of Dorchester's Dutch
nomenclature. The last of the eight acts ])assed and approved pro-
\ iiicd for building a jail in each of the four 1 )istricts, and for changing
the names of such Districts — Lunenbuig to be known as the Eastern
District, Mecklenburg as the Midland, Nas.sau as the Home, and Hesse
4is the Western. The five sessions of this Parliament were held at
Newark, or Niagara.

The second Parliament opened at York (Toronto), May 16th, 1797,
with Peter Russell })residing. During the second session, opened in
July, 1798, the re-districting of the Province was effected. Eight
Districts of 23 counties and 158 townships were set off'. The Districts
were named Eastern, Johnson, Midland, Newcastle, Home, Niagara,
London, and Western.

In the days of Pitt and Ca.stlereagh the home Government looked
westward across the Atlantic and formetl up in imagination a Canada
with hereditary dukes, mar(iui.se,s, lords, earls, knights, merchants,
traders, peasants and paupers. Dorchester had tried a German
nomenclature in L^pper Canada before this, with the object of giving a
ducal house to each of the four Districts. Simcoe anglicized the plan
so as to enlarge the number of ducal houses and create a number of
counts, or baronial lords, but each disapjieared. Rochefaucault, the
French economist, visited Niagara during the days of Siracoe's legis-
lature, and, while amused at many things, could not fail to express his
ajiproval of the Governor's ideas of government. He says : — " The

100

HlSTOliY OF THK

maxims of government jnofcssetl l»y General Simcoe are very liberal
and fair ; he detests all arbitrary s'lid military government without the
walls of the fort, and desires liberty in its utmost latitude, so far as is
consistent with the constitution and law of the land. He is, therefore,
by no means ambitious of investing all power and authority in his
own hands, but consents to the Lieutenants, whom he nominates for
each county the right of appointing the justices of the peace and
officers of the militia."

The Lieutenant Governors, Presidents or Administrators of Upi)er
Canada, from its establishment as a Province in 1792 to the Union
with Lower Canada in 1841, are named as follows: — Lord John
Graves Simcoe, 1792 ; Lituitenant Governor Peter Russell, President
of Council, 179G ; Gen. Peter Hunter, L. G., 1799 ; Alexander Grant,
P. C, 1805 ; Lord Francis Gore, L. G , 180G ; Sir Isaac Brock, P. C,
1811; Sir R. Halcsheaf, P. C, 1812; Baron de Rottenburg, P. C,
1813; Sir G. Drummond, L. G. 1813; Sir George Murray, L G.,
1815; Sir F. P. Robinson, L. G, 1815; Lord Gore, L G., 1815;
Samuel Smith, Administrator, 1817 ; Sir I'eregrine Maitland. L. G.,
1818; Samuel Smith, Administrator, 1820; Sir Peregrine Maitland,
L. G., 1820 ; Sir John Colborne, L. G., 1828 ; Sir F. B. Head, L. G.,
1836; Sir John Colborne, Administrator, 1838; Sir George Arthur,
L. G., 1838; and Baron Sydenham and T(jronto, Oct. 1839. The
latter was appointed Governor of the United Provinces, Feb. 10, 1841.

During all the years from 1792 to 184], the political history of
Canada does not show one act of the governing classes which resulted
in public good, if such special logi.slation as that of 1831 be excepted.
Many of the men sent here to govei'n came to gi'atify a craving for
travel, or to serve some private end. Simcoe appears to be
enthusiastic and earnest in his intentions, until he learned how im-
practicable they were. The others were baby statesmen, having but
one idea, that of sustaining the few in luxury at the expense of the
many in want. The act abolishing .slavery in 1793-4 was a senti-
mental one, as there were not fifty slaves in Ujiper Canada to be set
free, and they had to remain with their masters under specified condi-
tions. Tlu! land grants were gigantic swindles, from which the
country took many years to recover. In military allairs the capture
of Detroit and other posts, referred to in the military chapter, brought
glory to the British Governor ; but this glory di.sappeared in smoke in
1813, near Moravian Town, on the Thames.

Concessions or Land Gmnfs — The term concession dates back to
1665, when the 2,200 French residents along the St. Lawrence were
supplemented by 800 troops or De Carignan's famous infantry. After
the defeat of the Iroquois was accomplished by this commander, per-
mits were issued to them to retire from service, on condition that they
would settle in New France, and to both men and officers lands were
granted, and sums of money bestowed to assist in clearing and culti-
vating their grants. In addil n to this paternal act of the French

COUNTY OK MIDDIiESKX.

101

Kinp, a miinber of intelligent girls, with some of their male relatives,
were induced to visit Canada with the object of marriage and liouse-
keeping. From the original population of 2,200 or 2,500, the military,
and the immigrants, the great race known to-day as French Canadians
sprung, and from the grants of 1 667-9, the title " concession " came
into genercil use.

Tlie first grant of land in U])per Canada was granted on petition to
Eobert Chevalier de La Salle, in 1674. The grant included all the
country round Fort Frontenac, of Kingston or Cataraqui ; one of the
conditions being that he should build a church at any time the po])U-
lation will reach 100 persons, and then entertain one or two RecoUet
])riest.s to j)orform Divine service and administer the s.;c)'aments.
I'jiis condition was suggested by La Salle himself and carried out
religiously, even before he built Fort Niagara. This grant was four
leagues square, and included the islands along its whole front. Th»!
last concession or seigniory in Quebec was made to Chevalier de
Longeuil, at New Longeuil, near the western boundary of that province;
in April, 1734.

In 1817 the legislative body of Upper Canada entered on an
investigation of the n ation of (Jrown and clergy reserves to the
welfare of the Province ; but, at the moment when this investigation
had reached the point of usefulness, the Governor's order proroguing
Tarliament took etlect. There were several land deals too j)atent,
however, to be hidden from the ])eople, and the question whether the
authorities intended to benefit the people or a few favorites lield
possession of the y»ublic mind until most of the luijust discriminations
against the great majority of inhabitants in land matters were removed.

In 1791 Sir William Pulleney ])urchased 1,500,000 acres at one
shilling, or about 25 cents jier acre, the cash payment being nominal.
Before Governor Simcoe's administration ended he sold aVtout one-half
of this immense estate at eight shillings, or ^2, per acre, but the grant
was not made during Simcoe's time. At this time the surveyed lands
of Up])er Canada approximated 17,000,000 acres, and of this great
area there were scarcely 1,600,000 acres open to actual settlers and
for roads. Of this small remainder 1,150,000 for 450,000 acres were
for roads. Acting Surveyor-General liadenhurst solemnly declared
that 650,000 acres were inferior in quality of soil or in sitiiation, and
that other Government grants would swallow up the remaining half
million of acres.

How were the 17,000,000 of acres disposed of !■ In 1791 the
Cou.stitutional Act created the " Clergy Reserves." This granted to
the Estal)lished Church over 3,000,000 acres of .selected laiid in 200-
acre tracts, or about one-seventh of all Crown grants, or, to make it
clearer, one-eighth of every township. This act in ])mctice gave
one-sixth of all the lands to the clergy, or 300,000 acres more than
the legal quantity, which yielded £317,000 .sterling, or £45,000 over
the value of the legal allotment. All this was done under the rules of
the Laud Oftice Department, dated February 17, 1789.

102

HISTORY OF THK

To discharged soldiers and sailors 450,000 acres were granted ; to
militia, 730,000 acres ; to magistrates and barristers, 225,000 acres ; to
executive councillors, their wives and children, 136,000 acres; to five
legislative councillors, their wives and children, 50,000 acres ; to
clergymen, 36,900 acres for private use ; to survey contractors, 264,000
acres ; to army and navy officers, 92,526 acres ; to Col. Talbot, 48,520
acres (ultimately swelled to 700,000 acres) ; to the heirs of General
Brock (who fell atQucenstown Heights, Oct. 12, 1812), 12 acres ;* to
Dr. Mountain, late English Church Bishop at Quebec, 12,000 acres.
The Canada Company, owners of a large area in Middlesex in 1831,
comprised Charles Bosanquet, Governor; Edward EUice, M. P.,
Deputy-Governor; Kobert IMddulph, Robert Downi*;, M.P., John
Easthope, M.P., John Fullerton, Wm. T. Hibbert, John Hullett, Hart
Logan, James McKillop, M.P., Martin T. Smith, M.P., Henry Usl)orne
and Ciiarles Franks. Their agent at Aldborough was T. G. Bethune.
In this manner the grants were made, tlie greater part falling into the
hands of speculators by transfer of certificate, or held by men who
would neitiier cultivate nor sell. Indeed, it was one of Pitt's wild
schemes to establish a nobility and landed aristocracy in a land
destined for a pure democracy.

To tlie United Empire Loyalists, who made their homes in
Ontario i)rior to 1787, and to their children, 3,200,000 acres were
granted. This was done under the resolution of 1783. These forests
were surveyed, but the lots were not numbered, and in the summer
and fall of 1784 the whole lake front was alive with refugees and
others, each waiting to fill his location ticket or tickets.

Even Arnold, known as "The Traitor," received a grant of 18,000
acres and £10,000, and in 1804 the whole Township of Tyendinaga
wa:i purcliased from the Mississaugas, and in 1804 deeded to John
Deserontyon, Chief, for the use of the Mohawks, or Six Nations.

The first si^rveys in Ujiper Canada were begun by Deputy Sur-
veyor John Collins in 1783 along the St. Lawrence, in the Cataraqui
neighborhood. The lots in general were twenty chains in width, but a
few were only 19, so that some lots had to be given a greater depth, thu.s
necessitating a greater width for concessions. At that time, Samuel
Holland was Surveyor-General. Collins and others held responsible
positions, while under the de])Uties were other de]mties, who would
am-vey a township with as little physical or mental labor as it was
l)Ossible for him to expend withou* ";e risk of losing his position.

In 1793, large grants were maue to Squire IngersoU in Oxford, to
Wm. Reynolds in Dorchester, and to Ebenezer Allen in Delaware,
references to which are made in tlie chapter on pioneers and in the
slcetches of Dorchester and Delaware.

Rebellion l^tJ7-S. — Of the men who first came here in adventurous
youth, but few remain to tell the tales of living in a cabin or lying

*This in IK) doubt a mistake, but tbo number of acrca sranted to Gen. Uruck's belrs Is
nut known to the writer.

COUKTY OF MIDDLESEX.

103

,nted-, to
acres; to
5 ; to five
acres ; to
}, 204,000
ot, 48,520
f General
\cre3 ;* to
)00 acres,
c in I8:n,
;e, M. P.,
I. v., 'Tohn
lilett, Hart
ry Usborne
\. Betluine.
ing into the
y men who
f Pitt's wild
in a laud

I- homes in
I acres were
rhese forests
the summer
refugees and

,nt of 18,000
Tyendinaga
eded to John
ations.

Deputy Sur-
\\e Catiiraqvii
11 width, but a
er depth, thus
I time, Sanuiel
d responsible
]s, who would
ibor as it was
position,
in Oxft»rd, to
in Delaware,
[ers and in the

In adventurous
[cabin or lying

Ln. Brock'B heirs t»

down to sleep with Heaven's canopy for a covering, and the howls of
wolves for a lullaby. All the ])ast seems but a phantom of the mind
— a creation of some idle moment — when compared with the realities
of to-day ; yet such is the history of this progress, and of this civiliza-
tion. The scenes of the past eight decades are but a repetition in the
main, of the vast work of development that has been going on for
hundreds of years, and which, during the last century turned its course
toward the mighty West. The French, of course, led civilization's
warfare ; then came the United Empire lioyalisls — a branch of the
Yankee people — wlio are forever fond of change and new scenes, and
for whonx a pioneer life was replete in a certain wild enjoyment ;
next came the Irish and Scotch Celts, followed by the Norman and
Anglo-Saxon. The Celts were driven hither by the legalized restraints
and incumbrances which obstructed progress at home, and came with
the object of jierpetuating the Celtic idea of liberty, as their friends
did in the old Dominion ; but they were followed by the Teutons, who
were not slow to establish the Teutonic method of Government. Soon
the French and Yankee elements of this part of Canada were merged
into the Celtic, and with that element fought Liberty's battle up to
1838, when it was forced to succumb in the field to the superior organi-
zation and power of the Teuton ; only to succeed a few years later by
the power of moral force, and win for Canada the laws in which
Canadians take such ])riflfi.

In the fall of 18.S7 a ]>olitieal meeting was held across the river,
at Nathan Griffith's, in Wos< minster, to protest against the action of
the Tories and Orangemen in breaking up the Reform meeting a,t
llayham, on September 28tii, tliat year. The Radicals came prepared
to resist any such procedure, for, when the Orange legions, led by
John Jennings, swept down toward the head meeting, about seventy
of this crowd held a meeting first ; but as the Reformers appeared the
Tories fled, and the Liberals claimed that the day brought victory to
them. The enemy disjiersed; the meeting discussed not one, but two
attacks upon ])ublic freedom. A few days later a ])etitioii was
presented to Sheritl' Hamilton by Doyle McKenny and others, asking
tliat oHicer to take such steps as may be considered necessary to stop
all future public (Reform) meetings. The old Liberal, then published
at St. Thomas, by John Talbot, in an editorial speaks of this petition
as follows : — " While the Tories could keep down the Reformers with
their war clubs, all was well, no SherilV was called upon to protect the
Radicals; but when the brave men of Middlesex determined upon
defending themselves, then the Tory cry was raised ' The constitution
is in danger.' " A fucetious description of the Westminster meeting
follows, wherein it is stateil that Mahlon of the Basket, and Larry, of
of the Tribe of Lawrence, fought and ran away.

Many such meetings were held throughout Canada ; but, as a rule,
the forces of the dominant party caused di.sturbance enough to break
U]) the meetitig, and, when safe, delilierately scattered the people with
batons or iirms.

104

lUSTOKY OF THE

During the winter of 1837-8 the jwlitical disfibility under which
the peoi)le of ( Canada labored urged a few mlder than the rest to rush
fx) armai and abolish the wrong. The leader of the men of U])per
Canada was William Lyon Mackenzie, and of Lower Canada M.
Papineau. Thoy were undeniably honest, and each had worked him-
self into a just rage over the evils which surrounded the people and
the state of serfdom to which the secret society known as " The Family
Compact " had subjected them.

A mile below Prescott is an old windmill, a round stone tower, with
loopholes in the walls, which is now used as a lighthouse. Fifty-one
years ago, in November, it was occupied by a jiarty of Patriots. Under
the leadership of Von Schultz, a Polish soldier, the Patriots held tht?
mill for several days against the British force, commanded by Colonel
Dundas. During the assault the opposite shore was lined with
sympathizing spectators, who cheered when the military were repulsed.
But the windmill was captured, and ten of the hundred and ten
prisoners taken were court-martialled and hanged ; among them was
their leader. Von Schultz. He was given a sham trial, during which
the present Premier of the Dominion (1888) defended the leader.

On December 4, I.SH7, the Patriots descended on Toronto, but they
were defeated on the 7th at Montgomery's tavern. This house is said
to have been burned by his nephew, Alfred, who afterwards kept
tavern at Delawaie. The American tug Caroline was destroyed by a
Canadian force under Commodore Drew, December 29th, and in this
capture Captain McCormick, a commuted pensioner of Adelaide, had
his arm cut by a sabre. On January 10, 1838, the Patriots abandoned
Navy Island, two days after the capture of Theller and Dodge. In
June the Americans destroyed the British steamer Sir Robert Peel,
and the " alfair of the Short Hills," Niagara, took place that month.

Dr. Charles Duncombe commanded the Patriots of Oxford, Nor-
folk and Middlesex. In November, 1837, a number of Kadicil?
assembled at Oakland Village, and under Joshua G. Doan, liobert
Anderson and Henry Fisher, the Yarmouth and Bayham men marched
to join him. The London, Woodstock and Siincoe militia and all the
militia of the Province were sent forward against them, so that at
Scotland Village Duncombe disbanded, and each member of his force
fled to the United States or returned home. The men who returned
to their homes were arrested and lodged in jail at London, Simcoe or
Hamilton, to await trial. It is related by Robert Summers that, in a
fight in London Township, east of the Proof Line, a family of San-
borns attacked a Waterloo soldier named William Tweedy, and in the
scuffle one of the Sanborns bit oil' the whole of his under lip. He
wrapped the piece in ))a])er and went to Dr. Duncombe, who was then
staying with liis brother-in-law, Henry Schenick. The Doctor caught
a rooster, cut out of its breast a piece to coiTespond with that taken
out of Tweedy's lip, and stitched it in, and with the exception of no
beaixl growing there aud a little stiftness and swelling, it appeared as

COUNTY OF MIPDLKSEX.

105

lev which
st to rush
(if ITprKi"
mada M-
i-ked him-
leojile ai»d
'he Family

;ower, with
rifly-one
)ts. Under
ts held the
by Colonel
lined with
:re repulsed,
•ed and ten
ig them was
iurin<; which
leader,
iito, but they
house is said
erwards kept
estroyed by a
, and in this
Adelaide, had
)ts abandoned
d Dodj^e. Tu
Robert Teel,
"tiat mouth.
Oxford, Nov-
of Uadiciil?
^)oan, Robert
men marched
and all the
, so that at
. of his force
who returned
.on, Simcoe or
[uers that, in a
;x,nily of San-
ily, and in the
luder lip. He
who was then
Doctor caught
i that taken
jption of no
appeared as

good as the original lij) ; but did .«ot prove so useful, as Tweedy never
afterwards could play the fife.

When the false reports of Mackenzie's success drew forth to arms
the Reformers of the London District, Duncombe sunnnoned the volun-
teers to meet him at Scotland village, and two days later, when he
learned of Mackenzie's defeat, asked them to disband and disperse.
Sackrider, a veteran of 1812, opposed this proposition, and suggested
that the men of Middlesex, Oxford, Brant, and adjoining counties,
should withdraw to the ])ine forests of Dorchester and Burford, and
there make a stand against Col. MacNab's militia. This proposition
was also voted down and the last hope of the Patriots disappeared ; for
was Sackrider's advice taken the splendid yeomanry of all tlie country
would flock to Liberty's standard and win against all odds. In the
dispersion that followed, Duncombe was not the least to sufl'er. For a
month he was concealed in Mrs. Schenick's house, near London. She
was his sister, and made every efibrt to secure his safety from the
jiolitical bloodhounds who were seeking for him. His final escape was
due to Charles Tilden, then residing near Amher,stburg. He went to
see his friend in the winter of 1838, and found him liid in a hay-loft ;
a suggestion to escape was received coldly, but on Tilden pointing out
the Doctor's round face and showing how easily he could escajjc in
woman's costume ; he accepted the plan. All the forces of the Tory
j)arty, aided by the Grand River Indians, were hunting for him, and
reward ollered for his head, so that great care had to be exercised.
Duncombe dressed himself in his sister's clothes and sitting beside her
in Tildeu's wagon, was driven by the owner into Micliigan, where he
stood a freeman on a free soil. At Maiiiie City the people soon
learned that another refugee was among them, and with all the good
intentions of the Americans, they urged him to address the crowd
before taking off his female apparel. This he acceded to, and there-
after became a favorite physician wherever he located in the States.

Col. L. A. Norton, sj.-eaking of the afliairs of 18;!7-8, and of the
times in which he and other Westminster men were captured by the
English party, says : — " I learned that Col. Maitland, of the 3l'nd
Infantry, then guarding London, was to marcii down to Delaware,
while another commcand, with military stores, was to reach London
next morning. He learned, that after Col. Maitland would leave, only
tliirty raw recruits would hold the village, and devised the plan of
having his uncle David assemble the Scotch on Westminster street,
make a night attack, and release the prisoners and capture
London. At this time his uncles were at the head of four hundred
Patriots, but they could not do anything toward carrying out the ))lans.
The village was in a fever. Scouts were sent out, but were afraid to
go out of sight of the settlement. They would retire to some secluded
])lace, and ride their horses until they would get them in a ))erfect
foam; then come rushing in and report the rebels surrounding all
sides of the Union. Another would come in and report them nearer.

106

HISTORY OF THE

At last they got them within three miles of the town, when Hugliey
(or Howey), the Turnkey, came into the room wliere the prisoners were,
saying, ' 1 would give SlOO for an axe to cut down the bridge.' The
rebels had taken or hidden all the axes. People were hastily packing
up and leaving. The Tory magisti-ates had left, and it was reported
that should the prisoners be blown u]>, as the magistrates had ordered
them to be, not a man, woman or child in London Avould be left alive
by the Patriots. Citizens were appointed to call on the English officer
commanding to revoke the blowing-uji order, and he acquiesced in
their prayer. During the excitement, Mrs. O'Brien rushed in, saying
'They are coming! They are coming! and they dare not blow you up.
I heard them say so.' The whole fact was, that a number of Indians
advanced from Maiden, and exaggeration converted them into a largo
rebel army. Mrs Anna Burch was the groat rebel spy, and thoii'
doctress." Col. Norton was taken down with fever while in prison,
and sent to the hospital, where Dr. Thomas Moore, the tall Irishman,
attended him, and saved him. James Watson died. The jail then
was in a fearful condition, but the excitement which seized on
magistrates, officials and soldiery, added to the threats of blowing uj)
the jail and i)risoners, withdrew much attention from the sttite of
the rooms, and kept men in health, who, without this excitement,
would die there. On Nov. 12, 1837, L. A. Norton joined Jo.shtia
Doane's Spartan dangers, at Sparta, in Yarmouth. A little skirmish
ensued, in which Norton was wounded, and next morning he found
that his friends had disappeared, except Benj. T. Smith. Near Durham
Forge, both were arrested and brought to Simcoe jail, where Harring-
ton and Sturge were imprisoned by John Burwell, whose escajje ho
aided in. On being re-anested, he was imprisoned at London, where
Mrs. Parks, the jailor's wife, Mrs. Dennis O'Brien and Mrs. Alvero
Ladd, sisters, were friends to him, Ladd being then in prison.

Tiial and Execution of Patriots. — On January 9, 1838, the
Grand Jury of the District was discharged owing to the progres.s of the
rebellion. On April 10, 1838, the Quarter Sessions Court was held in
the school house, owing to the fact that the trial of persons charged
with high treason was being carried on. This school-house now
stands in the Court House Square, just west of the Eegistry Office.

Dr. E. A. Theller, commander of the Patriot schooner Anne, wa.i
taken prisoner, tried, sentenced to transportation for life, but escaping,
returned to serve the cause in which he first embarked. On his second
capture he was carried to London, Canada, where he vi^as hanged in
1838, with Henry Anderson, who claimed to be an American. While
W. W. Dodge, a third of Tlieller's party, is said to have Ijeen hanged
subsequently in 1838, but there is no record to point out such execu-
tion.

In September, 1838, Samuel H. Parke took from the jail, of
which he then had charge, Cornelius Cunningham, Joshua Gillean
Doane, Amos Pearley and Albert Clark, and placed them in the dock

for trial on i
Judge, was a
as he wanted
manner; had
them. They
this sentence
from which J(
Job and Enos
l>"t there is
I'rior to that
Salter was a m
and executive i
•juilt tlie court
tlie room below
amuse themscl
prisoner was ^
Crazy Cy, Phj]
Curtiss, who, wl
entirely of a leo
I)i-.Kolph,i
the House for t
while Elias Mooi
from Oxford, aiic
Samuel Louii
26, 1838, before
April 12, 1838, v
was alsosentenc
not guilty. Elias

. The trouble

Minded men, the

greater number ti

by Loitl Durham

that the ])eople ca

were he here he \

GontemjX)rmi

2s. 6d. ai-e chargec

five days' attendai

drawnig calendar.

McNutty, Phipps,

p ,i° September,
r. McManus, not
guiity ; amounted
Jchemagin, Peter
^"ig. a colored be
were sentenced tf
not lianged. Davi
AUeu Hamilton an

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

107

1 Hugbey

nevs were,

loe.' Tlie

y packing

3 reported

id ordered
left alive

rlish officer

[uiesced in
in, saying

ow you up.

of Indians

nto a largi^

, and their

B in prison,

1 Irishman,

he jail then

li seized on
blowing np

the state of

i excitement,

lined Joshua

ttle skirmish

ng he found

^ear Durham

lere Harring-

)se escape he
,ondon, where
Mrs. Alvero
son.

9, 1838, the
ffogress of the
rt was held in
■rsons charged
,ol.house now
istry Office.
er Anne, was
but escaping,
On his second
Was hanged in
trican. While
been hanged
it such execu-

the jail, of
Joshua Gillean
em in the dock

for trial on the chu'Tf of high treason. John Wilson, subsequently
Judge, was appointed to defent- them, a task very obnoxious to him,
as he wanted all rebels hanged. He defended them in a very formal
manner ; had not one word to say in extenuation of the charge against
them. They were sentenced to be hanged, and on January 14, 1839,
this sentence was carried out, the scatl'old being the same as the one
from which Jones was hanged in 1868. At the Fall Assizes of 1838,
Job and Enos Scott were also sentenced to be hanged on October 27th,
but there is no account of this sentence being carried into eilect.
Prior to that time a dctaclmient of the London militia, of which Dr.
Salter was a member, took a iuuid)er of prisoners before the Governor
and executive officers. Among the men in jail was Wm. Hale, who
built the court-house. He relates that the military guard occupied
the room below where some of the prisoners were confined, and would
amuse themselves by firing bullets up through the floor. Another
prisoner was John Grieve. Among the Government scouts were
Crazy Cy, I'hilo Hennett, a retired Methodist preacher, and Cyrus
Curtiss, who, wliile ran.sacking the county for rebels, did some acts not
entirely of a legal character.

Dr. Rol])h, Dr. Duncombe and David Gibson were expelled from
the House for the part tliey had taken in the troubles of 1837-8,
while Elias Moore, a (.^)uaker member from Middlesex, liobert Alway,
from Oxford, and Dr. Momson were i)ut in prison.

Samuel Lount and Peter Matthews were tried at Toronto, March
26, 1838, before Justice liobinson, and were sentenced to be hanged
April 12, 1838, whicli sent(;nce was carried out. John ^lontgomery
was also sentenced to death, but escaped. Dr. Morrison was found
not guilty. Elias Moore and liobert Alway were released under bonds.

The trouble of 1837 ended with the execution of many noble-
minded men, the banishment of others to Bermuda and the exile of a
greater immber to the United States, but in 1849 amnesty was offered
by Loixi Durham and several returned ; Durham making the statement
that the people called rebels were the most loyal in Canada, and that
were he here he would be a rebel.

Contemporai'y Memoranda. — On July 11, 12 and 14, 1838, £16-
28. 6d. are charged for bringing up prisoners for trial and sentence, for
five days' attendance on Court, summoinng jury, advertising (^ourt and
drawing calendar. The names of the defendants as given are : —
McNutty, Phipps, Wright, Donnelly, and others.

In September, 1838, the Clerk's expenses incurred in the trial of
P. McManus, not guilty; P. Acres, not guilty; D. S. Cummings, not
guilty ; amounted to £3 23. 6d. His expenses on the trial of Jacob
Schemagin, Peter Mishler, Hamilton, Job and Enos Scott, David
King, a colored boy, amounted to £4 10s. Od. Job and Enos Scott
were sentenced to be executed October 27, 1838; but they were
not hanged. David King to three motiths in jail ; Jacob Schemagin,
Alien Hamilton and Peter Mishler to one year in Penitentiary. Ben.

108

HISTOIiY OK THK

West and Wra. Gibson were discharged, and Jiimos Woods allowed
out on bail. Many of tlie men named were held fur the political crime
of the i)eriod — seeking responsible government.

Lemlimj Men in fhe Diuma of lS,i7. — John Rolph, born in
England in 179:^, ciime to Canada with his father, Dr. Thomas Rolph,
about 1811, and served against the Americans during the war of 1812
until taken ])risoner to Batavia, N.Y. On his release, he returned to
England and studied law and medicine. Rejoining his parents in
('anada, lit; .soon settled in Charlotteville Township, near Vittoria, and
in 1821 was admitted to the Primitive Law Circle of the Province;
became Col. Talbot's lawyer, and later the founder of the Talbot
Anniversary of Settlement, the first reunion being held in 1817.
Notwithstanding his English sympathies, common justice urged him to
cast oil' Talbot's patronage and timi toward the cause of the people.
In 1824 ho and Captain John Matthews were returned to Parliament
on the Reform ticket. The latter was a retired artillery officer of
twenty-seven years standing, who had also been a convert to Reform.
In 1836 Rolph delivered his celebrated speech against the English
Church reserves ; but when the hour came when men should face the
cannon for justice' sake, Mr. Rolph appears to have deserted the
physical force men and allied himself to the moral force army and
held aloof from the meeting of Oct. 10, 1837, as held seven miles out
on Yonge street.

Allan ^hlcNab (baronet), born at Niagara in 1798, where his father
was attached to Simcoe's staif, began the study of law in 1817 and
admitted to the Bar in 1825. He was appointed the first Queen's
Counsel in Upper Canada shortly after, and in 1829 he and John
Wil-son were elected members for Wentworth, MacNab holding the
•,iosition for three parliaments. He was a harsli opponent of the
Patriots in 1837-8 ; was Speaker in the first Parliament after the
UnioTi, and Premier from 1854 to 1856. In October, 1857, he retired,
having been drop]ied by the astute John A. Macdonald.

William Lyon Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1795, came to
Canada in 1820. On May 19, 1824, ai>peared the Colonial Advocate,
at Niagara. This took the bull by the horns and swung him around so
unmercifully that the compact men destroyed the oftice in 1826 at
Toronto, to which i)lace the office was removed. This act won new
su])porters, and the Advocate continued until 1853, when the new
press and ty])e were sold to Dr. O'Grady. In 1828 Mackenzie was
elected by York to the Canadian Parliament. He was expelled, but
elected and re-elected, until his power gave him a place. When the
rebellion of 1837-8 did not succeed, he fled from his enemies, who
weie hungry for his blood. On his return he was coldly received. In
1851 he defeated Geo. Brown, who ran on what was termed the
Protestant ticket, in Haldimand, held this seat until 1858, and died in
comparatively wretched circumstances at Toronto in August, 1861.

George Brown entered Parliament for Haldimand County in 1852,

'intil .s
liical p
•'qually
1837-8
Robe
(who cf
the stud
of the I
kenzie.
system c
'■" 1840,
leader of
owing to
saw the
tJied in IJ
Eranc:
"1 1832,
elected to
of the U;
solved thi
Riddle, bu
''oU was g
oil the reti
He visited
Mtish G
resigned,
1885.

Malcol

'egiment,

1808. Hi

Perth, the .

at Monti-ea

through U

.^PPer Can.

m 1850, me

I seat he held

I John g

liaphael, in

I Draper's offi

I 'Apposed Fan

I elected withi

peneral in

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX.

109

1 allowed
ical crime

born in
las RolpVi,
ar of 1812
•etnrued to
parents in
ittoria, and
} Province ;

tl^e Talbot
1 in 1817.
rged him to

the people.
) Parliament
vy officer of
rt to Kefonn.

the English
,ould face the

deserted the
rce army and
ven miles out

(lere his father

in 1817 and

first Queen's

he and John

lb holding the

iM.nent of the

[lent after the

,r)7,he retired,

1179'), came to
]vAal Advocate,
L \um around so
lice in 18-26 at
lis act won new
Lhen the new
Klackenzie was
' expelled, but
Ice Wben the
Is enemies, who
ly received. 1"
^as termed the
J5«, and died m
lugust, 1861.
Ijounty in loo-

defeating Wra. Lyon Mackenzie. In the days of the Double Shuffle
he and Dorinii formed a Ministry which had a four-days' life, when
the Conservatives returned to power. He entered the Coalition
tloverninent, made up for the purposes of Confederation, but later
resigned. In 1873 he was called to the Senate, in which he served
until shot by Bennett in March, 1880. He was a powerful figure in
liical politics, politically broad, and, as his star was ambition, he was
f<iually narrow in other artairs. Many of the privileges which
1837-8 did not scare away he had removed.

Kobert Baldwin, son of Dr. W. \V. Baldwin, of Cork Co., Ireland
(who came to Canada and studied law, and who died in 1844), began
the study of law at Toronto. In 1829 he was elected Liberal member
ot the Ujjper Canada Hou.se, he being supported by Wm. Lyon Mac-
kenzie. His voice was always heard against the Compact and the
sy.stcm of government. In 1836 he became an Executive Councillor;
in 1840, Solicitor-General in Draper's Government, and in 1842,
loader of the Baldwin-Lafontaine Government, but in 1843 retired,
owing to the rupture with Lord Metcalfe. He resumed office in 1848 ;
saw the Compact partially broken before his retirement in 1851, and
died in 1858.

Francis Hincks, a native of Cork, Ireland, who settled in Canada
in 1832, established the Examiner at Toronto, and in 1841 was
elected to the first Parliament from Oxford Coujity after the union
of the Upper and Lower Provinces. In 1844, when Metcalfe dis-
solved the Canadian Parliament, Hincks was defeated by Robert
Kiddle, but was returned in 1848. Through a technicality, Mr. Car-
roll was given the seat ; but Hincks was subsequently elected, and,
on the retirement of Baldwin, served an Prime Minister until 1854.
He visited Ireland ; was appointed Governor of Barbadoes ; later of
British Guiana, and in 1869 became Finance Minister, vice John Rose,
resigned, by John A. Macdonald. He resigned in 1873, and died in
1885.

Malcolm Cameron, the son of a hospital sergeant of a Highland
regiment, who came to Canada in 1806, was born at Thret^ Rivers in
1808. His father's regiment was disbanded in 1816, a!id removing to
Perth, the old sergeant opened a tavern there. Later wo find the son
at Montreal; next he is opposing Sir Francis Bond Head's stiut
through Upper Canada; in 1836 he is member from Lanark, in the
Upper Canada Assembly; in 1851 he is the PresidcTit of the Council;
in 1850, member from Lambton ; in 1874, from South Ontario, which
seat he held until his death in 1876.

John Sandfield Macdonald, son of Alexander, was born at St.

Raphael, in 1812, studied law in McLean's office at Cornwall, and in

I Draper's office. In March, 1841, after the union, he was elected. He

opposed Family-Compact toryism. In 1848 to 1852 and 1854 he was

[elected without opposition by Glengary. In 1849 lo was Solicitor-

1 General in the Lafontaine-Baldwin Government; speaker at Quebec in

110

HISTOKY or THE

1852-4; Solicitor in the Dorion-lkown Governmcut in 1858 ; nienilKT
for Cornwall in 1857, his brother 1). A., succeeding him as member for
Glengavy. Later he o])posed Separate Schools, although a Catholic,
but still was elected by that great Scotch Catholic constituency, and in
1862 wivs called at head of the new administration on the defeat of
tlie Cartier-Macdonald Government. He opjiosed Confederation, and
in 1864 resigned, but was called upon to organize the Government of
Ontario. In 1871 he retired from ])olitics, and died in 1872.

John Alexander Macdonald, born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1815,
was brought to Canada by his jyarents in 1820. Before 1837 he was a
lawyer, and appointed to defend Shoultz, the Pole, who led the
Hunters from the American side to take Trescott, where he was
captured. In 1844 he was elected member for Kingston. Trior to
1841) he held the offices of li'eceiver-General. During Lafontaine-IJald-
win regime, in 184'J, he was in opposition, on the fall of the llincks-
Morin Cabinet, he became Attorney- General under Allan McNab's
regime ; again out, he returned as leader, but not tmtil the Urown-
Mowat-McDougall coalition did he assume great importance. In
1873 the Parliament held him guilty of collusion with (Sir) Hugh
Allan. In 1878 he recovered from this attack, and returned to office
as leader of the Conservative party in Canada.

Edmund Walker Head (Baronet), born in England in 1805, suc-
ceeded Lord Elgin in 1854, as Governor-General. At this time the
Liberal ])arty under the lead of Drown, was oj)])osed by the Conserva-
tives under John A. Macdonald and George E. Cartier. The Tories
were beaten in the strife, but Head would not dissolve Parliament, so
that the measures taken to defeat the Liberals were named The
Double Sliujfie; it being alleged that a Tory judge espoused the wrong-
doing. However, Brown was called upon to form a government, and
the Dorion-Brown administration resulted. Mr. Langevin and John
B. Eobinson moved and seconded the Double Shuffle resolution, which
ended Brown's Parliament.

George E. Cartier, a descendant of the discoverer of Canada, was
born in 1814. In 1835 he commenced law practice, and up to 1837
was an adherent of M. Papineau, but refused to support his rebellion.
From 1848 to 1861 he represented Vercheres County, meantime
holding many ministerial positions. In 1858 he became the head of
the Cartier-Macdonald ministry, and was instrumental in ellecting
the confederation of the provinces.

Oliver Mowat, son of a soldier in the British army, was born at
Kingston in 1820 ; served with the Compact forces in 1837-8; was
admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was elected to the House of Assembly in
1857. In the Four Days' Administration of 1858 he was Secretary.
In 1861 he was elected by South Ontario, but did not succeed in
defeating John A. Macdonald in Kingston. In 1863 he became Post-
master-General under Sandfield Macdonald and Dorion's administra-
tion. In 1872 he succeeded Blake and Mackenzie as Liberal leader
for Ontario, a position be still holds.

Edv
Creek s
October
iis to es(
iit Toroii
to the bi
(Vonyii,
"lembt-r
while Soi
he siiccec
tion. Ii
Was over
confidenc(
When du
Cfiiiadian
Ministry, 1
I'rom 187;
became Pn
leader of tli
f^'Jt in 187*
AIe.xan(
'1 1842, wl
and establis:
two years,
the Union o
in the Hous
to form a G
was Treasur
part in militj
The cons;
approval of tl
members sol
consist of the
forty-eiglit e
candidates be
residents of C
Of the forty-e
Upper Canadf
formed the St
East and Wes
Biding of Mid
Councillors by
}ot was arrang
Electoral Divi
group— the for
act as proclaim
Geo. T. Go(

COUNTY OK MIDDLRSKX,

111

; menilK'v
ember for
, CaU»)li*J.
-y, anil in
e defeat of
■ation, and
jrmnent of
•

iinlBlS,
\1 \ie was a
110 led tli«
eve he was
1. Triov to
ntaine-liald-
the Hincks-
vu McNab's
the r.rown-
)Vtauce. Ill
(Sir) HiiJ^i
ned to oiVice

in 1805, suc-
this time the
he Consevva-

The Tori(^s
'avlianient, so

named The
ed the wrong-
/evnment, and
rill and John
olution, which

Canada, was
nd up to 1B37
,t his rebellion.
Lty, meantime
hie the head of
ll in etlecting

ly, was born at
1 1837-8 ; was
\i Assembly m
jwas Secretary.
Inot succeed in
3 became Fost-
tt's administra-
^Liberal leader

Edward Blako. son of William Hume Blake, was Itorn in the Bear
Creek settlement (now known as Katesville, ('airii<,'orm and ]\It. Hope),
October 13, 1833. Within a few months iiis fatlier move<l away, so
as to escajie the privations of the backwoods, and, aistin^ his fortunes
at Toronto, had his son educated there. In 1856 P^lward was admitted
to the bar. Two years lnt(>r he married Margaret, daughter of Hishop
Cronyn, of London In 1807 he entered the political tieid, was elected
member for West Durham (the same which he represented in 1886),
while South Bruce sent him to th(! Local I'arliament, where, in 1869,
he succeeded Archibald McKellar as leader of the Provincial Opyiosi-
tion. In 1871, when Sandfield Macdonald's (Coalition Government
was overthrown on Mackenzie and Blake's resolution of want of
contidence, Mr. Blake was ni)]iointed President of the Reform Council.
When dual rei)Ve.sentation was abolished hi; held his seat in the
Canadian House anil aided in tiie downfall of Sir John Macdonald's
Ministry, being rewarded by a niembershiji in Mackenzie's Cabinet.
From 1875 to 1877 he was Minister of Justice, and in the latter year
became President ol' the Council. After Mackenzie's defeat lie was?
leader of the Opposition. In 1878 he was defeated in South Bruce,
but in 1 879 elected by West Durham.

Alexander Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1822, came to Canada
in 1842, when, for some years, he worked at his trade of stone-mason,
and establisluMl the Ldynbton Hhkkl in 1852, which h(^ conducted for
two years. In 1861 he was elected by Lambton (Jounty ; and, from
the Union of 1867 until 1873, he was the leader of the Keform party
in the House of Commons. In 1873 he was called by Lord Dnll'erin
to form a Government. From Decemlwr, 1871, to October, 1872, he
was Treasurer in Blake's Ontario Ministry, meanwhile taking a full
part in military and business affairs.

The constitution of the Legislative Council of Canada, prior to the
approval of the 19 and 20 Vict.,Ca)). 140, comprising Crown-nominated
members solely, was changed by that act, so that the Council would
consist of the existing Councillors, who would be life members, and
forty-eight elective members, the term for each being eight years,
candidates being British subjects of the age of thirty years or more,
residents of Canada, and possessors of £2,000 worth of real property.
Of the forty-eight Council Districts, twenty-four were apportioned to
Upper Canada. Lambton County and the West Riding of Middlesex
formed the St. Clair Electoral Division or (Jouncil District, and the
East and West Ridings of Elgin, the City of London and the Etist
Riding of Middlesex, the Malahide District. The plan of election of
Councillors by Districts was a peculiar one. A drawing of places by
lot was an-anged, and on July 15, 1856, this drawing placed St. Clair
Electoral Division in the third group, and Malahide in the fourth
group — the former electing in 1860, and the latter 1862, under the
act as proclaimed July 16, 1856,

Geo. T. Goodhue was not a candidate for Parliament; but, in 1846,

112

IIISTOHY OF TIIK

was !i])j)oiiite(l by the (Jovonmiont at Kingston to a seat in tlui
Le<,'islativo Council. In ]iolitics he was a follower of Haldwin and
Lafontainu, and in those days culled a Keformer. His appointment
was due as much to his prominence as an old resident and a man of
means as to any previous connection with political affairs ; for in such
matters he had never shown any especial interest, or taken any active
part. One anecdote of his appointment is worth relatinji;. It is a
little incident which trans])ired at a missionary meetinr,', and which
broii^Iit him in very mucli favor with the Wesleyan Methodists, a
body in strong numbers at London at the time. The occasion was an
extraordinary one in the church, and distinguished speakers from
Toronto and other parts were jne.sent, among thorn Jlev. Wm. liyerson
and I'eter Jones, the Indian missionary of the Mohawks. Mr.
Goodhue consenttsd to preside over the meeting, and during an appeal
made by I'eter Jones, who was eloquent and witty, he emjjtied the
contents of a well-lined purse upon the table. This act of generosity
was so much ajjpreciated by the people as.sembled, and the heads of the
meeting, that the next morning they drew up a formal jiclition to the
Govermuent, asking for Mr. Goodhue's a])pointment to the office of
Councillor, and his nomination was confirmed over Messrs. Keefer, of
Niagara, and Simeon Washburne, of Hallowell, whose names were
also brought forward. Mr. Goodhue retained his seat in the Legisla-
tive Council until the passage of the Act of Confederation, at which
time, and for four years previously, his gi'owing infirmities prevented
his attendance at the Hou,se. During his parliamentary career he wa.s
never distinguished as a speaker, yet his counsel was always sought
and valued, as being that of a man of sound judgment and consistent
views.

Elijah Leonard, a native of New York State, and one of the most
useful residents of Canada, established a foundry at St. Thomas in
18o4, and one at London in 1838. He represented the Malahido
division in the Legislative Council from 1862 to 1867, defeating H.
C. K. Becher. In the latter year he was commissioned a Dominion
Senator, under the B. N. A. Act.

In March, 1874, Nathaniel Cin-rie introduced a bill into tlu'
Legislature which provided for female suffrage and the representation
■of property according to its value. The main clauses were : — 1st.
That in municipal elections and votes on by-laws creating debts real
{)ro])erty shall be the basis of the franchise, and parties shall have dual
or plural votes according to the value of their pro])erty. 2nd. Women
of full age, subjects of Her Majesty, with the ])roper propeity (juali-
fication, shall have a right to vote at such elections Tlie Farmers'
Sons Franchise Act was passed by the Ontario Assembly in 1877. In
May, 1885, the question of giving the Indians of Upper and Lower j
■Canada and the Alaritmie Provinces tlie right of voting was endorsed j
by Dr. Oronhyatekha, of London, himself an Indian. Each of these!
important questions were discussed both in and out of rarliameut, ami

H-itI
/'lac

nieni

of M\

••"id 7.

"/■ l\u

l^orcli

West ,

•'''lalj o

and K/,

the t,)w

sex Hhii

McGiJIi

f^'ican a

Taki

political

The fi,r,„

J^"phenii«.
Adelaide.,
.iio.sa

Kkfrid'"
•Metcalfa. '

'•'encoe.
H^ard-vilJe

^Westminster
tobo. .

Pe'aware' '
Caradoc.

Refo:

irm

,._, 2^'e bill I
a»d not deal!
J,, ^he firs

JeagJey. cj
nirJianients I

^"^«h, Dune

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

113

ftt in the
tiwiu an"
noiniuient

I a luan ot
fov in such
any active
vy. It ia a
and wliich
[cthodista, a
^sion was an
vaUevs fvoui
^,u. Vvyevaou
uiwks. M»-
iuyr an avl>»^'^^

of .'enevosity
e b^vds of tVv.
K-tition t') tlH>
, t\ie otlice ot
ssvs. Kecfev, o
,e names weu
, in the \.eg^8\a-
ration, at nvIucU
nitics vi-evented

[it and consistent

one of the niosl
«t Tiionias m
Ld the Malain^J
]ifi7 defeatuAg n.
fned a Donunvou

I a bill into t\u'
Ihe repveseutatjo

Iveating f ^^^^ u^
Ips shall have dual

levvvop^'^'^y'l^^'^;.
Ins The Vavniei^
|ns * ,^77 lu

* Uvpev and i.o>\e
Lii\vas endors«»l|
n Eivch of theso
■ of i'arliameut, au^

with tlic oi'i<4nial bills subjected to soino material iinien(hnents, were
jilaccil on tho statute honks of the Dominion.

The Kcdislrihuti.in Bill of 1882 i.rovided that the County of
Middlesex Im; divided into four Kidin<;s, each of which to return a
niemher to the Houseof Commons ; that tlie South Ridinf,' of the County
of Middlesex shall eonsist of the townships of Westminster, Camdoc
and Lobo ; that (he Kast l{idint» of the County of Middlesex shall consist
of the townshij)S of London, West Nissoiu'i, N'ortli Dorchester, South
Dorchester, and the town of London East and the villages of London
West and Springfield ; that the West Kiding of tla; County of Middlesex
shall consist of the; townships of Adelaide, Metcalfe, Mosa, Eu]ihemia
and Ekfrid, and th(i villages of CJlencoe, Newbury and Wardsville, and
the town of Strathroy ; that the North Kiding of the County of Middle-
sex shall consist of the townships of East Williams, West Williams,
McGillivray, Hiddnlph and Stepiam, and the villages of Ailsa Craig,
Lucan and I'arkhill.

Taking the geiieral election of September 17, 1878, as a basis, the
political status of the new Electoral Divisions would be as follows.
The figures denote the respective majorities in each j)recinct : —

Kuphemia . .
Adelaide . . .

Mosa

Kkfrid ....
Metcalfii. . .
Strathroy .
(tlencoe. . .
Wardsville
Newbury . .

WEST MIDDLESEX.

Conservative.
30

Ueform.

IS
.".3

NURTII MIDDI.EMEX.

Cotmervatlve.

Ste|ihon

McOillivray 128

Hiddulph 211

We8t Williams 4

East Williams

Parkhill 34

Ailsa Craig

Liicau

Ueform,
73

102

»■<>

aOt'TII MIDDLESEX.

Westminster

Lobo

Delaware . . . ,
Caradou

217

Ueform.

23S

■-'51
12
61

EAST MIDDLESEX.

London Township.
West Nissouri . . . .
North Dorchester.
South Dorchester.
London East

CouKorvative.

268

\r,H

Reform.

Reform majority 562 London West.

362

The bill provided for the establishment of the South Riding, but
did not deal with London City.

The first representatives, of what now constitutes Middlesex
District, in the old Parliament of 1816. were Messrs. Wilcox and
Beagley. Col. Mahlon Burwell and John Uostwick served in two
Parliaments, 1820 to 1824, and in 1825-6 the London District was
re])resented. Dr. John Rolph, Capt. John Matthews, Francis L.
1 Walsh, Duncan McColl, Thomas Horner and Charles IngeisoU, the two

114

HISTOUY OF THK

firet named leineseiiting Midi'V'sex. In 1828 Rolph and Matthews
were le-elocted. Mahlon Br well opposing, his platform being to
remove the court-house to St. Thomas. (Japt. Matthews, who in
1830, went to England to lay the state of the country before Parlia-
ment, asserted that no one who did not endure it could understiind the
rascality of the Government. Trior to 1830, L'a])t. Matthews visited
Toronto. He found a band there who could neither play God Save
the King nor Itule Ihitannia, but could play Yankee Doodle. On
striking this air one man called for hats oil', but Van Conant would
not respond, Matthews advanced and knocked the hat across the room.
He was tried for treason, but let oil'.

The members of the House of Assembly from Jliddlesex and
adjoining counties in ISol, were Mahlon Rurwell and Koswell Mount,
Middlesex; Wni. lierczy, Kent County; \Vm. Elliott and Jean B.
Macon, Essex Countv; Charles Ingersoll and Charles Duncombe,
Oxford; 1). McColl and Wm. Wilson, Norfolk. In 1832 Ehas Moore
and Thomas Parke were chosen to represent Middlesex, and re-elected
in 1836. At this time a party fight took place at London, Levi
.Merrick, a refornuir, flying from the Orangemen headeil by Matt.
Coughhn and John O'Neii. Michael Shotl, Kobert Summers, jr., and
other reformers carried their ])oiiits. The members of the House of
Assembly irom Middlesex in 1839 were Thomas Park(i and Elias
^loore ; from London, Mahlon Burwell ; from Kent, Wm. McCrae
and N. Cornwall ; from Es.sex, John Prince and Francis Caldwell.
Thomas Parke, of Wicklow County, Ireland, who settled at Toronto
ill 182U, and represented Mi(l(ll('s"x in the last two Parliaments of
llp])er Canada, in 1S3'1, and on tlic lirst Parliament of the Province of
Canada, in 1841, was the father of E. Jones Parke, of London. He
died at St. Catliarincs in 18(i4.

The election of lS4i was warmly contested, and party feeling ran
so high, that on January 2;') a vio'ciiit attack on the houses of Col.
Witherell, of tli(^ lloyal Fusilicr.s, and John Givens, a lawyer, was
made — rocks and bricks being freely used. In Ftjbruiiry the Magis-
trates ollercd ,£4U for inforniiitioii which would lead to tin; coiivictioi.
of the guilty parlies in 1842, Ermatinger, of St. TIkjuuis, was
selected, but his opponent, Wm Notman* jietitioned agahist i).is
methods, un,seated him, and was himself elected. He was re-elected

♦The Convention of Oct. L', IS.^il, wiis organized with Adiiinsnn, of Lobo, presiding, and
Holcroft Clemli, iSwietaiy. The deleuates present were : Township of L.(,ndoM— Wm.
Hale, James Kerfruson and Nathan .lacoiis. Dunwich— Moses Willev. Southwold— Kobert
Thomson and Colin Miinro. Uayhatn-John lOiliott. .lolin iSklnner iind Wm. Hatch. Yar
mouth— HiiKh l)ou>rlas. Lin<llcv Moore and .M. T. Moore. Malahidu— W. Crtnipbell. Dr.
OKden and J. W. Ueemer. S. and \ Uoiche.ster- W, H. Nlles and Welllngtcm Crouse.
Caradoc— Holcroft ("lencli imd Hutfb Anderson. Delaware— Henry HawlinKs. .Metcalfe-
Thomas Gately. Adeialdo— Patrick Mee. I,obo-K. Adamaon and John Kdwards. West-
minster-Thomas Maty, Joseph f^. Odell and D. .M. Kyniall. There were no deletrali's
present from the townships of .Vldborouirlr, Klifrtd. Mosa and Williams. It was moved t)y
J. Klllott, and seconded by Patrick Mee, that Wm. Notman he the Ueform <'andi<late to
represent this County at the ne.tt general election. In amendment it was moved that Or
John Kolph be the candidate. The vote was then taken; ten voting for the amendment,
and sixteen for the orltrinai motion. The formal meeting to cull the Convention was held
ut the Junction In September, liWl.

in 184:

merited t

In ]

dj.sti'icts,

t/'e Ea.s

^''oitcherc

1857 S«

It appeal

"P visite(

drowned

vacancy tl

bonding J^',

a lieforine

selected to

'52. r„

'-'•, and Jar

^«« elected
Pai'ty, and

kenzie-Scott
in 1874.
methods use
he being opj,
On tJie d(
n« represente
1^61 his suc(
Confederatioi
i'«ses under
fleeted to
,''!« 'i«ath, «n,
hmi, defeating
^^f's Carrie
goinei-y's .
J872 Geo.
'''Strict by
was declare
1 883, he \V(i
elected to

James

from LS67

Reform ca...
, J'S. Smi
I "10 North ]

^'*fcI>o,i^alI
NichoJi
'Ontario A,=
'''emior,
''('Wan b\

COUNTY OF MF1)DI,ESF,X.

115

vlatthews

being to
, who ill
're Parlia-
rsUnti the
xvs visited

God ^ave
oodle. On
lant would
s the room.

Idlesex and
well Mount,
,iid .lean li-

Duncombe,
-Elias Moove
nd re-elected
.ondon, U'yi
ed by Mi^'tt-
liners, .^r., and
the House ot
Ue and Eh^s
Wni. McCrae
ncis Caldwell.
Unl at Tovouto

avliainents ol
ot
He

1\„. l»vi)vince^

liei

London.

vlY feeling ran
liousea of Col
a lawyer, was
l,.,vv the Magis-
tiie convictioi.
Thomas, w'^'-*
I iitfvinst I'ls
xvasre-elected

|l,obo,pre«ldln«:,»';f.
I"" '*'T«o .iole^n'-'^

in 1847; but in 18.") 1 was defeated by Crowell Wilson, who repre-
sented the united Counties of Elf^in and Middlesex until 1854.

In 1853 Middlesex proper was divided into two representative
districts, and in the elections of 1854 William Niles was elected for
the East Kidiiio over his o]»])onent, Wm. Morton, while John
Scjitcherd was chosen for the West Hiding over James Ferguson. In
1857 Scatchei-d was re-elected, but Marcus Talbot took Niles' place.
It appears that shortly after tiie election of Marcus Talbot, in 1857,
he visited Ireland and there was married. In returning, he w.as
drowned on the shi]) Hungarian ; so that an election to fill the
vacancy thus created in the East Riding was held, which resulted in
sending IJobert Craik to Parliament. M. li. Portman followed Craik,
a Reformer, and served until 1862-3, when Crowell Wilson was
selected to represent the division — being elected and re-elected until
1872. In 1872, on the retirement of Crowell Wilson, David Glass,
('., and James Pwans, R., contested the East Riding, when tlie former
was elected. In November, 1873, Mr. Glass opposed the leader of his
party, and went before his constituency as an adherent of the Mac-
kenzie-Scott or Ref<irm party. He was defeated by Crowell Wilson
in 1874. On his seat being declared vacaTit, owing to the questionable
ujethods used to secure his election, Duncan Miicmillan, C, was chosen,
he being opposed by the Reformer .Tames Armstrong

On the death of John Scatclierd, A. V. Macdonald was chosen and
he represented the Western Riding in the two Parliaments, when in
1861 his successor, Thomas Scatclierd, took his seat and served until
Confederation. Un the re-subdivision of the county for electoral pur-
))oses under the Act of Confederation into three divisions, he was
elected to represent North Middlesex, and this position he held until
his death, April 15, 1876, when his brother, R. C. Scatcherd, succeeded
him, defeating -lohn Levie at the jiolls. in 1867 the Western Division
was carried by A. P. Macdonald over Dr. Rillington — Alfred Mont-
g(miery's tavern and another one being open free to all comers. In
1872 Geo. W. Ross defeated Macdonald, and in 1874 iilso carried this
district by acclamation; again in 1878 and 1882. In 1883 his scat
was declared vacant by reason of l)ribeiy by ag(ints. In November,
1883, he was a])]iointed Minister of Education, and in December, 1883,
elected to the Legislative Assembly for West Middlesex.

James Evans represented the East Ritling in the Ontario House
from 1867 to 1871, when Richard Tooley was elected, defeating the
Reform candidate. James Evans.

J. S. Smith, Liberal, was elected member of the Ontaiio House from
I the North Riding in 1867, which he represented until 1875, when J.
JMcDougall was chosen rejiresentative.

Nicholas Cunie was elected to represent the West Riding in the
|()iitario A.ssemltly in 1867, but gavi; way to Alexander Mackenzie, the
'lemier, in 1871. in 1872 J. WatUu'worth was elected, defeating
lUewan by 98 votes.

116

IIISTOllV Ol' THE

The elections of March, 1871 resulted in the choice of John Car-
ling. Conservative, for London ; Iiichard Tooley, Conservative, for East
Middlesex ; J. P. Smith, Liberal, for North Middlesex ; Alex. Mac-
kenzie, Liberal, /or West Middlesex.

The returns of the West Middlesex election of August, 1872, show :
1,322 votes for G. W. Eoss, Liberal, and 1,266 for A, P. Macdonald,
Conservative. In the North Jtiding, Scatcherd, Liberal, and in the
East Riding, D. Glass, Conservative, were elected. John Carling,
CoiLservative, was elected for London. In September, West Middlesex
gave J. Watterworth, Liberal, 1,311, and J. Dewan, Conservative, 1,213
votes.

In 1874, Major Walker was elected to represent London, receiving
1,270 votes, while John Carling received 1,208, but was unseated by-
petition. Messrs. Scatcherd, lloss, and Wilson, were elected for North,
West, and East IMiddlesex respectively.

Tlie election of 1875 resulted in the return of W. II. Meredith for
London ; Iiichard Tooley, J. McDougall and J. Watterworth for East,
North and West Middlesex respectively.

The elections for the Ontario House, held in June, 1879, resulted
as follows : — West Middlesex — Kichardson (Conservative), 1,524 ;
Watterworth, 1,575. North Middlesex — McDougall, 1,685 ; Waters ;
1,917. Ea.st Middlesex— E. Tooley, 526; Daniel Mackenzie, 340.
London — W. E. Meredith (Conservative), was elected, the city being
contested by Magee. W. E. Meredith was chosen Conservative
leader in the Ontario Parliament January 9, 1879.

The elections of February, 1883, resulted in the choice of W. E.
Meredith, Conservative, for London; A. Johnston, Conservative, for
West Middlesex ; John Waters, Liberal, for North, iind Dan. Mackenzie,
Liberal, for East Middlesex, defeating Thomas Eoutledge, VV^est
Middlesex being won from the Liberals. The trial of the election
case, E. Scatcherd representing the cause of Watterworth vs. Alex.
Johnston, M. P. P., was heard November 9, 1883, before .Fustice
Cameron. James Bethune, Wm. Johnston and John Cameron re-
presented the petitioner; Dalton McCarthy, W. P. E. Street and E.
E. Cameron the respondent. Johnston was declared unseated. In
August, 1884, the trial of the petition against the return of Geo.
W. Eoss, as member for West Middlesex, was opened at Stiuthroy.
Justices Gait and Ferguson presided. Dr. McMicliael and H. Becher
represented the petitioners, while B. B. Osier, W. Johnston, Peterson
and Cameron re])reseuted Mr. Eoss. The petition contained 125
charges, not one of which was sustained.

In December, 1886, Geo. W. Eoss was elected for West, John
Waters for North, and E. Tooley for East Middlesex ; while W. E.
Meredith was chosen to represent London, his majority being 213.
In 1879 he was elected by a majority of 447, and in 1883 without
opposition.

Justice Falconbridge unseated Dr. Eoome, elected member for

West M
'loctor, 1
was .sufli

Tiie

\otes for

Tile e

(.'urliiig f,

and Geo.

The €

London —

247. Me

J-angford,
iin, ],'74i.

W. Itoss, 1
Armstrou"
London
when Col.
Jfaniilton I
T-iwrason, i
i'pcept a Ju
•^"dge; The
John Wilso
until J874,
Walker was
to rejjrt'sent
'<"' London
when lie wa;
"iiiseated.
"f 'lis jmrty
Liberal vvitlii
t'le Ontario 1
'"lie and Ini
<iefeated. J
Jielleville, an
lished. In

"ccomplished
tuents called

COUNTY OF MIDUI.KSKX.

jhtt Car-

for East

3X. Mac-

J2, show :
Lficdoiiald,
Tid ill the
1 c:avliug,
Middlesex
live, 1,213

1, receiving
mseated \)y
1 for Kortb,

lereditii for
bh for East,

79, resulted

ve), i,«J-* »
■^5; Waters;
jkeuzie, 340.
le city being
Conservative

|,iceof W.H.
[servative, wt
In. Mackenzie,
tledge, West
If the election
,rth vs. Alex,
lefore Justice
I Cameron re-
Istreet and E.
aiseated. I"
ilurn of Geo.
at Strathroy.
aid H. Becher
Lston, Peterson
lontained Vio

|v West, .Tohn

while W. I}-

[ty heing 213.

11883 without

West Middlesex, in February, 1888. No charge existed against the
doctor, hut tlie fact of (Jefirge Wilkin.s volunteering transpoi'tation
was sullicient to invalidate the election.

The North Middlesex election of .fune, 1876, resulted in 1,380
votes for John Levie and 1,576 for K. C. Scatcherd.

The elections of Sejitember, 1878. resulted in the return of John
(.'arling for London, Timothy Coughlin for North, Macmillan for East,
and Geo. W. lioss for West Middle.sex.

The elections of June, 1882, resulted as follows: — Member for
London — John Carling, C, 1,485; John Canij)bell, L., 1,238; majority,
247. Member for East Middlesex — E. Macmillan, C, 1,998 ; I.
Langford, L., 1,431. Member for North Middle.sex — Timothy Cough-
lin, 1,'741; L. E. Shipley, 1,632. Member for West :Middlesex— G.
W. lioss, 1,651 ; N. Currie, 1,5'.)7. Member for South Middlesex — J.
Armstrong, L, 1,678 ; J. Rayner, C, 812.

London was establisb.ed a sejiarate representative district in 1835,
when Col. Mahloii Burwell was elected its first member of Parliament.
Hamilton H. Killally was next accorded the honor; then Lawrence
Lawrason, in 1844, followed hy William H. Draper, who resigned to
iicce{)t a Judgeship ; John Wilson, who was subseiiueiitly apjiointed
Judge ; Thomas C. Dickson, who was defeated at the next election by
John Wilson, and in 1857 by John Carling, who represented the city
until 1874, when John Walker, now liegistrar, was elected. Col.
Walker was unseated on a jjetition, and J.ames H. Eraser was chosen
to represent London. John Carling was elected member of Parliam(nit
for London City in 1857, and continued representative until 1.S74,
wlien he was defeated by Col, then Major Walker, who was, however,
unseated. In 1862 he was lleceiver-General, but owing to the defeat
of his ])arty in Parliament in 1874 tliat position was translerred to a
Liberal within a few months, lii 1867 he reyn'esented the city in
the Ontario Parliament ; was Commi:ssioner of Public Works, Agricul-
ture and Immigration until 1871, when the Macdonald ]Kirty was
defeated. During his term the Insane Asylums at London and
P)elleville, and the Asylum for the Blind at Brantford, were estab-
lished. In 1872 he resigned his seat in the Assembly, having
accomplished or aided in accomplishing almost everything his consti-
tuents called for, meanwhile being a member of the Dominion House.

uiember for

118

HISTOKY OF THK

CHAPTER VII.

THE I-.KNCH AND B.VH.

'"lom the earliest period in the liistory of the world, the advocate
has existed and made his jiri'sonce known where men of other trades
or professions were silent or unfelt. Milton, in the days when religious
revolution reduced the human mind to a state of ske])ticism and left
the ])uhlic conscience uncontrolled, declared that " most men are
allured to the trade of law, groundinf; their purposes not on the pru-
dent and heavenly contemplation of justice and etpiity, which was
never taught them, but on the ])rnmising and i)leasing thoughts of
litigious terms, fat contentions and flowing fees." Later the advocate
assumed the form of a stiident, and with this form grew up a thousand
ambitions, and with the ambitions came the original trades' union,
which prompted the old bar to circumscribe its circle and surround
itself with certain ceremonies and insignia. Law became a great
study, and thus in Johnson's time the bar embraced

" Men of that large profession, who can speak
To every cause, and things indeed contraries.
Till they are hoarse again, yet all be law :
That with most (jnick agility can turn,
And return, make knots and undo them.
Give forked counsel, take provoking gold
From either side and i)ut it up."

One of the first criminal cases tried in London may be taken as
evidence that the lawyer of .lohnsou's time had not passed away in
18:)2 ; for here we find the ]iioneer advocate, Michael Tenbroeck,
defending Sovereen with an earnestness worthy of a good cause ; and
later, when his wretched client is on the scatlbld, the same Michael
Tenbroeck cries out to the criminal to confess his crime as he con-
fessed it to him. Justice was easily dis])C!nsed. There was no law
and very little ti'ouble. Stjuire Matthtiws remembers Tenbroeck, the
London lawyer, because he was the first he had ever seen and " was a
square kind of num." "If there were any bit of a quarrel," say.s the
Squire, "or injury or tres])ass inflicted, the one on the other, the
plaintill' got one man and the defendant another, and if they couldn't
settle it all uji, as they generally did, why, they called on a third niai',
and the whole business was done in a jitl'y witliout jien or ink,
Testament, paper, costs or anything else. Maybe the court would be
held (lU a log or across a stump. The first magistrate I rememb(ir was
S(juire .Mackenzie; but we never troubled him." In 1827 all this, or
much of this happy state of all'airs, was changed, and the Quarter
Sessions Court had for some years afterwards extensive dealings in
settling up old feuds. Indeed, prior to 1827 the old method of friendly

arbitra
iiieetin
and In;
'L'gular

In
■t^isti'ict,
^'iven.
court ^v.
5''ie ear]
«xcepti„j
^•han Co,
'''ft tJiat
i('Jatii)<T t,
it might
"ifontioiia
The ol
•^f Alex. I,
duiii wa.s
P''ocess \vj
affidavit w
d'-'chralioii
on filing a
,!?i'anted. Q
J^' TeiibroecJ
''* •'.inies B\
1,'"' parties
Siiiitli V. Sa
tli.w)nJy resi
''"^.i,'ti iMitc
fiUed i'otor
Cowan u-as
Jiicliai'd Ma.s,
■'• JIarri,s v
;("cob Patvicl
i'<'oigc Ihvii

:"'f' <•• Co(,
Jyul)en Mov

finch; J. (

*'"""« i'. John
«'iie V. Dani

l'f''«- Jiolph
r""'ve ca.ses, l
"•(■I'o sworn 'to,
. The June
.'"^ ^9 ca,ses b,
,*"fi'i' tli(! /)la
'^"■wck again

COUNTV OK MIDDLESEX.

119

,he advocat*'
other trades
hen religious
:ism and left
(,st men are
t on the pvn-
V which was
;,' thoughts of
^the advocate
m^ a thousand
trades' union
and surrouwt
Bcanie a great

ay be taken as

passed away w

hael Tenbroeck

aood cause;, and

to, same Michael

vinre as he con-

evo was no la^^

3 TenVirocck, tlu'

Keen and "was a

nuvrrel," says the
1 the other i>;
if they couldut
u on a third mar,

out pen or inK.
I court would be
1 remenibi-r wa*
1827 all this, or
,,nd tlie Quarter
,„,ivc., doahngs "
,nethod of iviendl)

arbitration began to wane; for in 1825 a log court-house or town
meetinghouse was erected at Springbank, and in it Squires Springer
and Ingersoll, and sometimes Col. Talbot and Capt. Matthews, held
regular court.

In the transactions of the Quarter Sessions Court of London
District, a close summary of its proceedings from 1813 to 1842 is
given. In fact, all the petty trials from 1813 to 1827, when the
court was removed from Long I'oint oi' Vittoria to London, are given.
The efirly records of the Assize Court are very irregular, and with few
exceptions are of little use for historical purposes, up to the i)eriod
when Col. Macbeth took possession of the(Jrown office here. It is a
fact that of all the documents, which must have existed in 1838-9
relating to the trial of the Patriots, very few are to be found to-day.
It might not he an exaggeration to assert that such records were
intentionally destroyed or carelessly given away.

The oldest record of the London District (.'ourt deals with the case
of Alex. Ross vs. Itoliert Hindniun, in which a cujnas ad resj)oiulen-
cbnn was issued, Feb. 3, 182.'i, for £13 currency. On March 24 the
process was returned, when bail was entered. On March 27 an
aflidavit was filed, and motion and order withdrawn ; on the 29th, a
declaration was filed, and a motion for the discharge of the defendant,
on filing a common a])peal and the bail bond to be delivered up, was
granted. On March 31, a demurrer and notice of set-otV was tiled by
J. Tenbroeck, plaintiff's attorney. The case of Richard L. Corkcroft
vs. James Bell was presented by Attorney John Roljih, who found that
the parties had .settled the claim for £3. The claim of Frederick
Smith V. Samuel Mowrey was ju'escnted by Attorney Teidn'oeck, but
tile only result .shown is the payment of two shillings and sixpence to
.ludge Mitchell. L\d<e Teople, by Iiis attorney, John Rolph, ju'ose-
LUted I'eter Massa]), as bondsman. The case of John Earle v. James
Cowan was ])re.sented by Rolph; also that of Geo. C. Salmon v.
Richard Massap ; also of Milton Gregory v. Chandler C. Haskill ; John
•1. Harris v. GaticiU Lizer; Smith and Williams i;. James Nevilles;
■[acub Patrick v. Cowan & Walker; Alanson Allen v. Silas Harris;
George Boyington v. George Coughall ; James Bell v. Jeremiah Moor;
•Idsiah (.'. Goodhue v. George Tee])le; .loseph Defulds v. James Hayes;
Reuben Morrison v. Horatio Nelson Fraiddin ; John Lslik f. Thomas
Finch ; J. C. Goodhue u. David Graham ; same v. Lsaac Ostrantler ;
same v. John Klwood ; same v. Philip Beringer; same v. W. H. Lee;
same v. Daniel Springer; sa.ae v. Wiuslow Thayer, and sixteen other
leases. Rol]jh may be said to have been attorney for plaintiiV in all the
above cases, Tenbroeck being driven to defend. In a few cases juries
Were sworn to aid the District Judge, James Mitchell.

The June .session of 1823 o]iened with Tenbroeck leading. Of
the 39 cases brought before the District Court, Attorney Rol])h re])re-
liented the plaintill' in 37. In Sejitember and December, 1823, Ten-
koeck again leads the Court witli two caijes, Rolph representing the

120

HISTORY OF THE

plaintifV in all the others, except the 48th ami 49th, when Tenbroeck
presented plaintill's' claims. A nnisty pasteboanl-hound bdok in Col.
John MaclM>th's office, beariiijj the simple legend "1S23" on the back,
tells hundreds of painful stories concerning tiio old debtors' prison.
One exani])l(' will suffice. In October, 1822, Richard W. Drake threw
John Anderson into jail for a debt of .£tj 5s., bail being refu.sed. In
March, 1823, he was tried, and tht^ following jury returned a verdict
for plaiiititt' : — VVm, Havens, Wm. I'otts, \Vm. White, Nathaniel
White, Richard Marr, Cortlands Olds, I'enjaniin I^awn, .Asa Stevens,
Levi Douglass, .lohn V>. Wheeler, Peter Wyckolf and Charles Gustin.
On the 6th day of March, 182"), he was released, after a new trial,
before another jury of " twelve good men and true." To those who
can recollect the old vermin-haunted log jail nothing need be said of
what the unfortunate Anderson must have suHered for this simple
debt. The old jailor, long since gone to his eternal rest, ,saw many a
wife shed tears at the cell door of an unha])]>y husband as he kissed
the child he could not sup))ort, and would gladly have set him tree,
but the stern law forbade.

Among the im|)ortant cases brought before the first Assize Court
at London, was the charge of horse stealing against Sovereign or
Sovereen, in 1827 or 1828. Judge Macaulay sentenced him to death ;
but the old law which would give the insulter of women only a few
days or a few months in the common jail, while sentencing the horse
thief to death, was falling gradually into disrepute, and so executive
clemency was extended to this terribly vicious pioneer.

The first murder case before the Quarter Sessions here was on Ajiril
14, 1831, when a bench warrant was issued to the High Constable for
the arrest of Jared Sealey for murder. John Pbelan, of Oxford East,
blacksmith ; Joshua H. Corbiu, of Norwich, and Wm. Haskel, of
London, were witnesses. The man murdered was Jonathan Ki]i]).
Owing to the fact that Sealey had friends on the bench, the prosecution
of the charges was carried on without s])irit, and there is no record
whatever to show that the case was ever presented to the Judge of
Assize.

In April, 1831, £100 were paiil Geo. Henry, Leslie Pearce and
Henry Fox, for arresting C. A. lUirleigh for the murder of T. C.
Pomeroy.

Execution of Burh'Agh. — The first execution at London was that
of Cornelius A. Burley or Burleigh, of Long Point. In 1830, us
related in another chaiiter, he was charged with larceny. The war-
rant for his arrest was placed in Constable T. C. Pomeroy's hands.
The constable moved down on the home of Burleigh in Mayham, and
with rough words and rougher gestures sought to scare Burleigh into
instant surrender. Bmieigh's guilt was questionable, and this fticling
with the irritation which an ignorant officer can sometimes cause, led
to the act which culminated in Pomeroy's death. Burleigh shot and
killed him. At that time men did not wait to consider what provoai-

COUNTY 01'- MIDDLKSKX.

121

1 Teiibroeck
look in Col.
in the back,
tors' prison.
Dviike threw
refused. 1"
led a verdict
e, Nathaniel
Asa Stevens,
.arles Gustin.
[. a new trial,
IV) those who
..ed he said of
,v this simiile
t^ saw many a
id as he kissed
re set him tree,

t Assize Court
t Sovereii^u or
d him to death ;
leu only a few
;ucin'4 the horse
ad so executive

lere was on April
,h Constable for
of Oxford East
^m Haskel, of
Jonathan Ivipp-
the Y.rosecuti<m
eve is uo recoinl
to the .ludge ot

eslie
murder

I'carce ami
of T. 0.

Loudon was that
nt. In 1830, as

Pomeroy's haiuU.
h in r.ayham, tui^
care Burleigh into
le, and this feeling
metimes cause, 1«
Uurleigh shot aiirt
ider what provoca-

tidii meant, but rushed forward blindly to aiTcst the murderer. With
liiin they took two men and lodj^ed all in tlie old jail for a year. -In
the meantime, all the jn'isoners (eight in number) escaped, except
Ihu'leigh, as the unfortunate man did not hold himself guilty of larceny
or murder, and .so hoped for a reprieve. Again, he knew that the
])risoiiers would be tracked tlirougli the snow, antl recaptured, as tliey
were. In ISiJl executive clemency ftiiled to .save this man from
])(.])ular vengeance. Tlie gallows was erected in the court-hou.se yard,
almost all the peojile witliin twenty-five miles of London came to see
the drama, and their depraved tastes were satisfied ; for wlien Burleigh
was swinging off, the ro))e broke, and the lialf-strangled man walked
iDUiid before the peojile with jiart of the rope dangling after liim.
riecai)tured he was roled uj) to the scalfold, and this time flung into
eternity. Rev. Mr. Mackintosh, of the English Church, at Kettle
Uieek, attended to liis .sjiiritual wants.

Exi'Cidioii of Soucrcen. — .lonuthan Sovereen, one of a large tribe
wlio lived near Applegarth's Flats in the early days of the township,
moved to a point near Burford in the twenties. This migration took
place aftei' his first conviction for cattle stealing, for which he was
sentenced to be hanged, but tlirough influence was reprieved. Before
and after liis escape he was engaged in dark deeds, so dreadful that his
two eldest cliildren left home to work for neighbors. On the day
Ijufore the dreadful crime was enacted for which lie was hanged, he
asked tho.se cliildren to return, b\it they did not, and thus escaped the
slaughter, which brought death to their mother ami seven (sisters and
l)rotlu'r.s) ehildren. Sovereen had planneil the tixtinction of his family,
lest by any chanci! one of them would give information regarding bis
evil acts. On the day before the murder, he left home in a manner
which would be generally known, but returned during the night and
carried out his dreadful designs, killing his wife and six ehildren out-
right, and injuring a little girl of five summers so that she dietl soon
alter, leaving a cliild of three years and the two elder children, who
were away, survivors of the family. On the following morning
Sovereen liim.self gave the alarm that Indians had visited his home
and murdered his wife and cliildren. The neighbors Hocked thither,
luul found the wife between the cabin and barn with an old shoe knife
buried to the hilt in her left .side, and over her body several wcjunds.
lu her hand was a bunch of gray hair, which she ])lucked from the
murderer in her tleath struggle : within the house wiire the bodies of
the murdered children. Tliere was ihe stool with which he knocked
their brains out, and there the axe clotted with blood and brains and
liair. It was no Indian's work. Sovereen's cnvn hair was the simplest
tell-tale, and at the Spring A,ssizes of 1832 he was fouiul guilty, not-
Hitli.staiiding Michael Tenbioeck's abl defence. On June 5, 1832,
biwrason and CJoodluie's store at the i ihwest corner of Dundas and
lliddut street was filled with ])eo]ile, w.iidows, doors and roof. There
was the gallows, from which Burleigh was twice flung in 1831, and all

122

HISTOKY OF THE

around a sea of faces, for the |ieojile witliin a circle of 1 50 miles ciiiiK' to
sec the wretch die. There was Elder James Jackson of the Mt'thodist
Church atteiuliii),', and his old time mi^ndjcr still detiant and denyiii}^.
Mr. Tenbrotick cried out to him : ' For God's sake, Sovereen, confess ;
don't die with a lie in your mouth." Uiit the jjrayer wiis of no use.
Sovereen was launclied into eternity. Tin? ])resent Mev. I)r Webster,
of Newbury, was in attendance, but not called upon. This fiend was over
sixty years of aire at the tinu; of this murder. Ont^ of the jioints in
evidence against him was a suit of bloodstained clothes discovered in
the bed-tick, which were ])roven to liave been worn by him the duv
before the murder. The clothes, with the hair wrenched from his head
in the struggle with the dying wife, completed the chain of evidence.

Execution of J(nies. — Thomas Jones, of Delaware Townshi]), was
hanged in ISCR for the murder of his brother's daughtw", Mary Jones.
His two sons were the piincijial witnesses against him, while his
daughter, Elizabeth, defended him to the last. The .sons yminted
out that he wished them to uuu'der their cousin Mary and their uncle,
Henry Jones. He was convictetl of robbery on the evidence of this
Mary once, and entertained toward her a hatred which led to her
murder. His daughter Elizabeth, to save her terrible father,
assumed all the blame, and passed ten years in the penitentiary for
her services in his cause, but could not save her father, wiio was
swung into eternity in the presence of 8,000 ])eople, being the la^t
public execution in this district. Justice Adam Wilson presided at
the trial in October. During the American war of 1861-5, Thomas
Jones was a jn-ofessional bounty jumper. He even took over u
number of Oneida Indians and had them enlisted at Detroit mider
false statements, and he was not free from accusation on some grave
charges and suspicion of being concerned in the disapjiearance of
horses and cattle. His execution for the nnu'der of his neice, Mary
Jones, took place December 29, ISGS, iind Delaware gave a sigh of
relief.

Execution of Pickard. — Angus Fickard, the murderer of Duncan
McVannell, a farmer of East Nissonri, was hanged December 28, 1871.
It aiij)ears that Fickard fell violently in love with a girl in the
neighborhood. Her father asked McVannell the character of lii.s
proposed son-in-law, and receiveil anything but a favorable answer ; so
that, notwithstanding the existence of an engagement, ring and wed-
ding outfit, negotiations were Ijroken off. Pickard left ^icVamlel^s
emj)loy, and asked the farmer to ])ay him §25 then due, as he was
about to visit his brother in Michigan. He asked the farmer two or
three times for his pay, but each time met with a gruff refusal and
some ugly deimnciation. Fickard, driven to desperation, shot and
■killed his man. On his own confession, he was found guilty and
sentenced to death. His execution was private, not more than thirty
persons being i)resent in the yard, but a large crowd gathered in the ,
rear. His takiug-ofi" was a bungling affair. The knot was poorly!

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

12S

lilcs Ciimt' to

e Methodist

111(1 deiiyint;.

L'eii, cniifi'ss ;

s of i»t> "SI'-

l)v Webster,

leiul was over

\u' points in

discovered in

him the day

fvoin his head

:)t' evidence.

[oNviiship, Wi^;*
Mavv Jones.

;i,n, while Ins

i sons pointed

nd tlieir uncle,

;idence of this

ich led to liev

.,;vvi\)lc fatliev,

jjonitentiavy for

ither, who was

, being the last

son presided at
861-5, Thomas

;u took over a

Detroit under

on some grave

isappearaiice ui

his neice, Mary

oave a sigh of

Jerer of Duncan
:cmber 28, 1871.
\\ a girl m the
■haracter of b's
vable answer ; so
It, ring and wed-
left McVannell?
■n due, as he was
le farmer two ov
grutt' refusal anc
nation, shot am
[found guilty and

more than thirty
kl gathered in the

knot was poorly

aiianged and slipped around under the jaw, thus ending in a ten-
minutes' terrible death struggle, as tlie neck was not broken, and
strangulation ensued.

The Assizes of March, 1872, was presided over by Justice Gait
when the charge against I'lKebe Cain))bell for the murder of her
husliand, George Campbell, of Nissouri, was presented, Kenneth
lIcKenzie, Q.( '., prosecuted, with W. II. Mereditli and F. E. Cornish
defending. The jury comjirised John IJobson and Henry Percival,
l.iindon ; John Lumley, Ea.st Williams; John i\IcCollum, McGilli
vray ; George Routledge, Wm. Martin, Westminster ; I'hillij) Kosser,
Loho ; J. Newbeggin, Mosa ; J. C. Koss, West Williams ; Alex.
Melntyre, Wardsville; Jolin Miiddimick, city, and Jolm Cary, of
Biddnljih. In Mrs. Campbell's statement she accused Thomas Coyle
of the murder, but ultimately declared her cousin, .John McWaiii, the
I'uliirit. There were several witnesses examined, and on April (1 tiie
jury returned a verdict of guilty. She was sentenced to bo liaiig(;d on
.lune 20, and on that day the execution took ]ilace, the victim beuig
attended by Keverends Canon I lines, George Kichardson, Dr. Coojk;!',
Miss Mercer, Mrs. Osboriu! and the Jail .Matron.

Execution of Sbnmoiis. — The trial of Ben. .'Simmons for the
murder of Mary Anne Stokes, his paramour, was ojieiied Ifefore
.lusiice Armour, at London, Sejttember 15, 1885. The criminal was
defended by Jolm Taylor. The evidence was conclusive, and a
verdict of guilty returned. Simmons was .sentenced to be hanged
November 27, 1885, and was hanged on that date. He was born at
Kilworth 37 years prior to lils execution, but when three years of age
moved with his father to London Here the old gentleman conductetl
a grocery store, and later kept a hotel on Queen's avenue, where now
is the (Jlub House. The murderer served against the invaders of
18GG in the Harrietsville Com^iany. His s])iritnal attendants were
Bisho}) Baldwin, Revs J. B. llichardson, Hicks and McGillivray.
During the execution the janitor of the court-house was comiielled
to toll the bell by the Sheritl', although it was not his duty. This task
was a painful one for him, as he had known Simmons for years, in the
tii'st place, and, in the other, any connection with such a thing so
degrading as an execution was distasteful to him in the extreme.

The trial and execution of ^lahon for his ])art in the McGillivray
Itiagedy took ])lace at Godorich, thus saving Middlesex the expense
Uid scandal of another hanging.

The allairs of 18o7-<S are entirely of a political nature. The deal-
ings of the courts and bar with the })olitical prisoners of 1838 were too
bronounced to be associated with a court of justice, and for this reason
rJie history of the execution of the Patriots is transferred to the
rx)lilical chapter, where the context may show some cause for the .
|iction of the ruling party of that day.

The nine-tails were well calculated to expel and eradicate brutality
id meanness, and make London of the thirties a most unwholesome

124

niSTOKV OK THE

': i I

place for the lewd and dislif)iie.st. The ojieratioii of the "cat" near
Kidout str(?et was a general attraction ; hundreds gathered to see i)Un-
ishniont inflicted on the criminal, while adjacent windows were filled
with s])('ctators. The ]ierforMiance meant husiness, and there was no
hoy's ]ilay about it. One thinj,' is to he regretted, however, and that is
that the magistrates selected for this punishment some stranger, who
was charged with stealing a pair of shoes, or some other trivial piece of
property, while the heavy resident criminals, convicted of some
liideous crimes, were only mulcted in a small fine or short term in the
District Jail.

In .lanuary, 1810, David Miller and John Enimins were con-
victed of larceny ami sentenced to receive H'.l lashes on their naked
baci<s, at the hour of 11 o'clock, on January loth, Thomas Fitz-
geralci and Jonathan Vandeuzen were found guilty of larceny. The
foruHir was to reci'ive 'A9 laslies and three months' im])risonment, and
liie latter oO laslies. John rurcell received a like sentence in October,
1819.

In .lanuary, 1830, Peter Thomas Surplus was found guilty of
larceny, " stealing a jiair of shoes," and sentenced on the 15th " to stand
in the ]iillory for one hour to-morrow, 12 o'clock, in the ])ublic .square."
James Aldridge was also .sentenced "to stand in the stocks for two
hours, and ]iay £2 Is. od.," for tres]>ass and assault

A mildewed, moth-eaten scraj) of pa))er shows, in faded hfind-
writing, that on the 21st of July, 181-10, Jeremiah Thomas was con-
victeii of petty larceny, and sentenced as follows : — " To be put in the
.stocks for one hour this day, and one hour next Wednesday, and to
remain in the yn'ison for the term of ten days."

Joliii liadford, found guilty of indecent assault, was sentenced by
Judge Elliot to five months' imprisonment, and to receive twenty lashes
of the cat-o'-nine tails, .May G, 1870. The crime was committed in
London townshi]!. The wlii])ping took place on May 20th, the exe-
cutioner, wearing the same mask which the negro who hanged Thomas
Jones wore, bound liadford to the whipping post and applied the lash.

tieorge iJaker was jniljlicly whipped in the jail-yard 1V)V his assault
on Mrs. Penny, .April 8, 1878. His second twenty lashes were
aiiplied later, and after two months' imyn-isonnuuit in the Jail he was
sent to the Central Prison for twenty two months, in accordance with
the sentence of Justice Wilson.

In September, 1879, an Indian, Josiah Doxtater, received twenty-
five lushes from James Fee, of the 53rd Infantry, the same who
whipped Baker. The sentence was imposed by Judge Elliot.

The Spring Assizes of 18.~)1 closed in February. The convictions
and sentences are listed as follows : — James S. Mason, murder, to be
. executed on the 5th of November. Patrick Malone, larceny, three
months' hard labor. Henry Waters, Aisdemeanor, six weeks hard
larbor. John Hill, larceny, two mmiths hard labor. Talbot Chief, an
Indian, misdemeanor, two months. Susannah Jaajues, larceny, six

' cat " near
o sec ])Uii-
were filled
ere was no
and that is
iiifrei', who
ial piece of
[ of some
Levin in the

wore con-
heir niiked
loraas Fitz-
ceny. The
nraent, and

in October,

(I guilty of
:h " to stand
jlic square."
)ck3 for two

faded hand-
jas was con-
put in the
sday, and to

entenced by

kventy lashes

)rumitted in

)th, the exe-

,'ed Thomas

led the lash.

his assault

ishes were

lil he was

irdance with

ved twenty-
same who

iot.
convictions

urder, to be

I'ceny, three
weeks hard

jot Chief, an
larceny, six

XT'

txi
W
W

I— I

■

111

^^m

miiw

^^B

iliPL

fll

]
I
I

B
A
M

po:

sen

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

127

iiKiiiths' hftvd liilxtr. Charlotte Biioha^}», nuisaiioe, three months' hard
labor. .Idhii Fowler, larceny, one week's hard labor. John Fowler,
second indictment, three years in Provincial Penitentiary. Talbot
Chief, second indictment, two months. James McMahon, larceny,
four months.

Robert Soper was convicUid of coining money, in Nov. 1858 ; Esau
Rcid of horse stealing, and Samuel Douglass of robbery; Donald
McKay, Ksther Richmojid and Kobort Murray of larceny.

The stocks, which stood in front of the court-house, became very
unpo]>ular about 1832, and Henry Groves, then High Constable, took
the frames down to tht! river and pitched them in. On one occasion
there were two men in the stocks for st<;aling turkeys, and the curious
])eo]»le when gathered thercf or in passing the culprits, themselves
made a noise such as a heti turkey calling her brood around would
make.

.John McTiOUghlin, the wrecker, a powerful Irishman, who was
an early shoemaker here, came down to the stocks one day. Seeing
tlic turkey stealers in the ugly frames, he asked Peter Schrara :
"Arrah, Peach, what are you doin' witli these poor devils here."
Schram responded, telling the cause, but McLoughlin kicked out the
wedges, determined to set the prisoners free. Schram cautioned him
saying : " If you do not behave yourself, John, you'll get there yon:--
self," while Sherill' Rai)elje, who was near, approved Constable
Schram's warning. McLoughlin saw the point and walking away said,
" SherilV, punish the men decently, but don't make a show for the
whole town."

Other THals. — On November 9, 1858, Catharine Graham was
brought to trial on the charge of murder. Among the witnesses were
Dr. Henry Hanson, Dr. Moore, Margaret McClennan, Alex. Graham,
Walter Sparkman, Isabella Huel, Jane McKellar, Chester Graham and
Margaret Fyfe. The jury returned a verdict, "guilty of concealing
child's birth," recommended her "to the mercy of the Court," and
she was sentenced to one month's confinement in jail.

The trial of John Harding for murder was heard Nov. 11, 1858.
The jury comprised Henry Fitzsimons, Charles Armstrong, John B.
Elsou, John Weir, Wm. Neal, Angus Grant, Wm. Lee, Richard
Haskin, David Baskerville, John Burgess, John H. liurgess and
Robert Fox. The witnesses called were Samuel Pope, Ellen Glass,
Ann McGuire, Robert Kennedy, John Wilson, Dr. Alex. Andei-son,
Wm. Coote, Dr. Charles G. Moore, T. Van Vaulkinburgh and Emma
Storey. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty."

The verdict in the poisoning case, which resulted in the death of
Mrs. Atkinson, was that on the night of Dec. 31, 1858, the old lady's
daughter-in-law, Mrs. Sophia Margaret Atkinson, administered the
poison.

Long, who brutally murdered his wife in 1859, for which he was
sentenced to death, had the punishment changed to imprisonment for

128

HISTOUY OF TUB

life in May that year. Mr. Norris, who suggested the petition for
clemency, resided at London. The sentence of death against convict
McDiarniid was also removed. Rev. A Christophorson, to whom tlie
culprit confessed his crime, niad(! a strong ellbrt for reprieve. In
December a boy named John Cain, of Biddulph, killed William
Cahalan, of the 11th concession.

On Juro 19, 1860, William Vallier shot Mrs. Kirslake at his
home on Governor's Road. In the formal trial, H. C. R. Becher
defended.

A neyro named Mason choked his wife to death at their home on
Clarence street, near Simcoe street, Sept. 19, 1867.

The Francis tragedy, at the Ivy Green Tavern, near Westminster
bridge, was enacted Sept. 24. In June SlOO were ofl'ered by the city
for the apprehension of the notorious burglar known as " Slijipery
Jack."

In March, 1869, Justice Wilson presided over Lhe Assize Court.
At this time the Emma Snowdon murder case was presented. Owing
to the illness of the Judge, court adjourned. Judge Hughes, of St.
Thomas, presided over tlie Assizes by special commission. At this
time the charge against William and Thomas Jones for complicity in
the murder of Mary Jones was dismissed. Emma Snowdon, charged
with the muiJer of her four-year-old son in December, 1868, at her
home in McGillivray, was declared insane by Dr. Hobbs, and the jury
returned a verdict of not guilty, although Mrs. Smith testilied beyotm
doubt to having seen the deed committed. Dr. W. D. Potts, well-
known in London in 1866, was indicted before a Wisconsin jury on
the charge of murdering his wife in June, 1869.

In May, 1870, a coroner's jury found Mary Springstead guilty of
murui:",'iiig her infant. The girl settled at London in 1863.

T.ie Fall Assizes of 1872 were presided over by .Justice Haggarty,
Tl'.omas Boyle was indicted for the murder of Campbell. David Glass
defended md won for his client a verdict of " not guilty."

11. S. Finlay was murdered in Sombra in May, 1874, as it
was alleged, by his wife, Anne, and her paramour, Willi.am Heiny
Smith, a former resident of London, who previously was tried for the
murder of old pensioner Dunn, at Clark's Bridge.

In Novemljcr, 1 874, after the hearing of the case Beltz v. Molsons
Bank, the Judge of Assize, under a law then new, presented three
questions to the jury on which they were to bring in a verdict. Beltz
was represented by Mr. Rock, and the Bank by Queen's Counsel
Harrison. The jury answered the first question negatively, and the
other three questions affirmatively, when the Judge declared the
verdict in favor of the Bank. Several jurymen at once cried out that
their views were in favor of the plaintiH', and that in answering the
questions they intended to give a verdict for the plaintiff ; but the
Judge was inexorable, notwithstanding Mr. Rock's objections.

The murder of Patrick Monaghan, of Warwick, who settled there

COl'NTY OF MIDDLESEX.

129

Assize Court,
nted. Owing
ugUes, of ^t.
iion. At tins
complicity i»
wdon, c\uir<j;cd
r 1868, at her
a, and the juvy
■stitied beyouu
. Potts, well-
[consin jury on

in 1841, was perpetrated March 30, 1876. In A\m], Robert Murray
and Patricia Macfie were arrested.

On March 2, 1876, two boys, Elinor Bartram and Walter Guerney,
entered the blacksmith sho]) .at Keyser's Corners to wait for a ride
home. John Graham Smith, an apprentice, told the boys to get out,
or he would he after them, when young Bartram said, " Come along ;
Tni not afraid." Smith, taking a sharp-pointed iron from the fire,
carried out his promise, and stabbed Bartram. The youth lingered until
the 7th, when he died. The Coroner's jury returned a verdict of
manslaughter against young Smith. On March 22 he was tried
before Justice Morrison and a jury, and declared not guilty.

The Fall Assizes of 1877 were presided over by Justice Harrison.
The charge of murder against Mary IJogan and James Hogan was one
of the few heavy cases on the docket.

On March lo, 1878, J. H. Hargreaves was charged with abusing
one of his hair-factory girls, and on the 27th sentenced to three years
in the Penitentiary. At this time ]Munn was found guilty of man-
slaughter, and sentenced to imin-isonment for ten years. Geo. ]]aker
was flogged for indecent assault Ajiril 8, 1878, and received a second
flogging May 1. Zeller, the Tiffin, (O.,) bank cashier, was arrested at
London, May 12, 1878.

In A])ril, 1880, Justice Wilso)i presided over the Assize Court.
The (juestion of change of venue hire the persons charged with the
Lucan niiu'ders was presented by ]Mr. Irving, and opjjosed by Messrs.
Macniahon and Meredith. In October, 1880, the jury disagreed. On
.Tan. 2(), 1881, the Biddulfjli murder cases were brought liefore
Justices Cameron and Osier. The Crown was repi'esentcd by A].
Irving, Q. C, and James Magee; while Hugh .Macmahon, W. K.
Meredith and J. J. lilake apjieared for the prisoners. The Grajid
Jury comjjrised W. D. Coojier, Westminster ; Wm. G. (^'arry, Ade-
laide ; Robt. Cowie, East Williams ; Michael Crunnican, Lucan ; John
Elliott, West Williams ; Thos. Elliott, Parkhill ; A. Fiunemore, West-
min.ster; G. M. Guini, Westminster; G. J. Hutton, Caradoc; J.J.
Jelly, Dorchester; Alexander Johnstone, Strathroy ; John Jarmyn,
Biddnlph ; John Legg, West Nissr)uri ; Henry Lockwood, Caradoc ;
James Moran, city ; John Mosso]), Dorchester ; John C. Merritt, city ;
Edwin M. Moore, city ; R. S. Munsoii, Ekfrid ; Archibald McPherson,
city; Hugh McLaren, city ; Duncan McLean, Lobo; Wm. Patrick,
London ; John Thompson, Ailsa Craig. This case was ultimately
decided in favor of the defendants. The special commission in the
case, sitting for nine days at London, cost directly §3,855.96, exclusive
of Judges' salaries, counsel fees and cost of witnesses for the defense.
The counsel for the defense were untiring in their efforts to save their
clients, and when it is considered that Bill Donnelly, acknowledged to
l)e one of the most naturally astute men of the county, aided the
prosecution in the eil'ort to punish the murderers of his relatives, the
victory of the defense is more surprising.

130

IIISTOKY OF TlIK

In June, 1880, tlie celcbiiitod case, Von. Archdeacon J. W. Marsh
V. the Council of Huron Oollcfje, was heard before Justice Sprague at
Toronto. Messrs. liethune, Dalton McCarthy and IJigi^ar, represented
tht! plaintiff, and E. IJlake and Adam Crooks the college. The case
grew out of a receiition to liishop (.'ronyn on his return from England
in 1878-9, and the Archdeacon's expulsion from the Council in April,
1879.

The April Assizes of 1881 were presided over by Justice Patterson.
JE. Irving, Q. C, was Crown jn-osecntor. A case growing out of the
trial of Kent for the murtler of Howie, May 24, 187(5, was before tiie
Court, the complainant seeking damages from Kent. 15arrister Mae-
malion apjjearcd for the Howies, and \V^ K. Meredith for Kent. The
jury awarded SI, 500 damages.

Tlie trial of William and Itobert Donnelly for attempt to burn
Dight & Co's mills at Stanley, took place in November, 1881, before
Judge Elliot. C(Min.sellors H. Becher and John C. Idiiigton jn'ose-
cuted ; A.J. B. Macdonald and E. Meredith re])resented the dei'end-
auts. Informer West's evitlence was ignored, and the two men were
ac(iuitted.

The raunler of John McKinnun, at the Rob Roy Tavern, near Park-
hill, was i)erpetrated in November, 1881. Neil McLellan and John
McKillop were named in the verdict by Coroner's jury, and arrested.
In March, 1881', they were tried on the cliarge of manslaughter, and
ac(|uitted.

The murder of Patrick Delargy by the drunken broom-maker,
George Wesley Code, was ])eri)etrated near Blackfriars' Bridge;, A])i'il
15, 1882. Delargy was a teamster, who, in a friendly way, took the
drunken fellow to his room, and was shot and killed for his pains.
Code fled, but was soon cajitured, tried anil aciiuitted.

In June, 1882, Dr. Rufus Bratton, alias Sim])son, a South Caro-
linian, was captured at London by members of the United States
Secret Service Corps, and taken forcibly to Detroit. He was, it is
alleged, chief of a Ku-Klux band. When arrested he was given
chloroform and carried to Detroit. The authorities of London were
indignant. De])Uty Clerk of the Crown, Cornwall, was arrested for |
assisting the American detectives, and dismissed by Mr. Hutchinson,
while others urged that the case be brought before the British Parlia-
ment. Bratton was retmiied to London by the Government of tk
United States.

The alleged murder of Ann Bastard, an insane woman of Carlisle,
in East Wilharas, was recordeil December 8, 1882, and her luisl)aiui,
Wm. Bastard, arrested. The Coroner's Jury found that the niurdi't|
was perpetrated by the i)ri.soner, strangulation being the meaus
adopted.

In May, 1884, A. E. Wrightmau and James Graham werej
urj'aigued for tlu; murder of Silcox, of Ekfrid, in December, Wi\
Edmund Meredith represented Wrightman ; W. R. Meredith, Graham,!

-'ec(

COUNl'V 01' MlliDLKKKX,

131

J. W. Mavsli
ceSpragueat
,v, vepvosented
c'e. The case
from England
uucil in April,

;ticc Patterson,
ving f)"t of t\ie

was before the

Barrister Mac-
for Kent. Tlie

attempt to bum

ber, 1S«1.^^^^°""

Idingtou prose-

,tei\ the (lefend-

,e two men wen-

'averu.uearVait
•Lellan and John
jury, and arrested
manslaughter, aud

;en broom-maker
,i,v.' Bridge, April
idlv way, toolv the
ed for his pams.

u„ a South Cavo-
u\; United States
,it. He was, it i>
,ted he was given'
3S of London jveu
1 was arrested lot
• Mv. Hutchiiison^
■^\he British r^u'M
Government ot ini |

woman of CaiJisW
> aird her husbam
u'd that the lUUtJei
the luea"''

being

Nvciel

imes Graham
iu December, i>
Meredith. Gralwi

mill T. W. Can'others, both prisoners. Colin McDougall and J. B.
UlcKillop prosecuted. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty,"
giving the prisoners the benefit of doubts.

Kufus Eldridgo, a fanner of Westminster, was stabbed and killed
in September, 18H4. The Coroner's jury returned a verdict of wilful
inui'der against Harry Lansett, and made Edward Nolty accessory
before the fact. Lansett was tried in November. He was defended
by A. J. B. Macdonald and John Taylor, while W. 11. Meredith
conducted the case for Nolty. The jury found tlie prisoner guilty of
iis.sault. He was sentenced to four years' imjM'isonment.

On June 24, 1884, George Hall was charged with causing the
death of Charles Breden's child, through gross ignorance in treating it.
His trial took place in Noveml)er. He was defended by W. ]{. and E.
Meredith, and acipiitted — his friends in the court-room cheering until
Judge Wilson checked them.

In November, 1884, George McCabe was tried for poisoning Aim
McCabe, his wife, on April 2(), in Westminster Township. Colin
McDongall ]n'osecuted for the Crown. W. 11 andE. Meredith defended
the prisoner. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty."

in June, 1884, Albert E. Wri<,'htman was found guilty of robbing
James Campbell's store at lona, and was .sentenced to eight years iu
the Kingston Penitentiary. T. W. Carrothers defended him.

In ^lay, 1885, the celebrated case of Charles Hutchinson, Clerk of
tlie Peace, vs. Josiah Blackburn, of the Free Press, was presented by
Colin jMcDougall, of St. Thomas, ^lessrs. Osier and I>ayly repre-
sented Blackburn. The libel complaiived of was the editorial in the
Free Press of Dec. 1.5, 1884, headed "Blind-folded Justice." The
jury returned a verdict of " not guilty."

The Winter Assizes of 1885-6 were presided over by Justice
O'Connor. In the O'Coniiell cases vs. Bishop nahlwin and others, W.
Nesbitt lepresented the plaintitT, and W. R. Meredith the defendants.
The cases were settled on the phiintifl' withdrawing all claims to the
assistant-pastorate of the Chapter House. It ap})ears Mr. O'Connell
was arrested at the instance of the Wardens, when about to enter his
pulpit, and jjlaced in jail. He in turn proceeded against the authorities,
when all charges against his character were withdrawn, and his salary
paid.

The trial of George Dinginan for manslaughter was heard before
Justict! Wilson in November, 1884. He was charged with causing
the deatli of Claris.sa Ba.xter, August 22, 1883, by selling to her father
^njchnive, instead of the santonine, or worm medicine, which the
father called for at the drug store where Dinuinan was emj Joyed, at
Mt. Brydges. The evidence was so clear that the jury declared the
prisoner guilty. He also was charged with causing the death of the
wcond child, Rebecca A. Baxter, but aaiuitted. His sentence on the
first charge was only six months in jail, but later he was discharged.
In December, 1885, William Cooper, formerly of London, shot and

132

IIlSTOliV OK TllK

killed his second wife, Dinah Knight, and then killed himself at
McGregor, Man., some time before he sejiiu-ated from his first wife.
When the neighi)ors came, the blood of husband and wife was frozen,
and in it the bodies were imbedded until chopped out.

The March Assizes of 1886 were presided over bj' Justice Rose.
The only important trial was that of William Moncks for killing
William Shrimpton, on the Hamilton road, February 24, 1886. It
ap])ears the latter was driving by Monck.s* house, and, in the deliriimi
oi' drink, kicked in a part of Moncks' door. The jury, of course,
actiuitted the prisoner.

Wm. C. Stinson, of London West, was arrested for the murder of
his wife, Ajiril 21, 1887, but the charge was without foundation.

On June 27, 1887, Coroner Smith and a jury cloised the enquiry
into the death of Kalph Shaw, and held Waltcir Stevenson on a charge
of wilful murder, .hine 18, 1887. Stevenson was defended by
Edmund Meredith, (.). C, and ac()uitted.

Charles and John Carroll, residing near Strathroy, in Caradoc, were
anested on the charge of hanging .Mrs. .lane Carroll, Oct. 1, 1887. On
Dec. 21 John Carroll was held for trial, and Charles discharged.

A most revolting murder was brought to light Sept. 2o, 1888, in
Adelaide township. The victim was Jonathan Robinsoti, an old and
iuoli'ensive resident of the township, who lived by himself in a
small frame house on the farm of Harris, second concession south,
about four miles from Strathroy. He was an Englishman, a bachelor,
and 73 years old. The circumstances surrounding the murder nw
shrouded in mystery, as it was generally supposeil that Robinson was
visiting in Michigan, he having informed several of his neighbors (liat
he contem])lated such a trip, and was last seen alive on Sej)t. 13.

Judges and Counsel. — On September 3, 1821, \V. Drummond
Powell, C. J., signed the Clerk's certificate, and in 1827 Judge Shur-
wood, who came here that year. The first acknowledgment by John
JV Askin of receijits froTU fines made at London, was that of August
y, 1827, before Judge J. I>. Macauley, of the Assize Court.

James Macauley, .son of Dr. James Macauley, of the 3ord Infantry,
was born at Niagara in 179o. In 1812 he joined the (llengary Fen-
cibles; in 1822 was admitted to the bar, and in 182!) was ap])ointed
.Fudge of (j)ueen's Hencli. In 1847 he was Chief Justice of Common
Pleas, which office he hekl until liis retirement in 1856. He died in
185<».

Miles O'liielly, so well known in the early days of London, was
born at Niagara Falls in 1S06, and admitted to the bar in 1830. In
1837-8 he was one of Allan MacNab's "men of gore," who opjioscd tlu'
Patriots at Montgomery's tavern. At the trial of the 106 jn'isoners, he
volunteered to delentl the whole lot unaided, while the late Chief
Justice Allan MacNab pros((cuted. Justice Macaulay ])residing.

Adam Wilson, born in Scotland ii: 814; came to Canada in 1S30;
studied law under R. B. Sullivan, and was admitted to the bar in 1839,

xm entei'(
foionto, 1)1

(J(>UN'IY OV MIDDLESKX.

133

In 1863 he Wras ajjpointed a Puisne Judge of the Queen's Bench, and
the same year Judge of Common Pleas. In 1868 he was reappointed
Judf,'e of Queen's Bench, vice Judge Haggarty, promoted, and in 1876
("hicf Justice of Common Pleas. Judge Wilsou presided here over
tlie Spring Assizes in 1873.

John Hawkins Haggarty, born at Dublin, Ireland, in 1816, studied
iit Trinity College, came to Toronto in 1834, and, studying under Geo.
Duggan, was admitted to the bar in 1840. The Baldwin administra-
tion created him Q. C, and in 18.16 he was appointed Judge. In 1868
he was appointed Chief J ustice of Common Pleas.

John Wilson who died June .S, 1869, was born near Paisley, Scot-
land, in 1809, and came out to this country when quite a lad with his
fatlujr and other members of the family. His father was a Scottish
yeoman, who went to Halifax with what was at that time called a
venture of goods. Owing to the wreck of the vessel in which his
ventm-e was, he lost all, and sometime .after settled as a farmer in the
County of Lanark, near Perth. The son, John Wilson, passed his
early days u])on the farm, and endured a full share of those hardships,
which the early emigrants to Canada were obliged to face, and which
they gallantly overcame. It was here that he formed those tastes
which never left him, and ac(iuired the knowledge of farm life, that
synijjathy which a farmer's lot and trials, which came so admirably to
his aid in after days. Having contracted a disease of the chest, he
was advised to leave the labor of the form, and thus it was that he
hociune a school teaciher at Perth. He continued in this occupation for
about three years, but, being of an ambitious temperament, and feel-
ing, possibly, that he could turn his attention to other pursuits more
pvdfitable to himself, he determined to study for the legal profession,
and entered as a student in the office of James Boulton, now of
Toronto, but who was then ])ractising at Perth. In those days Mr.
Wilson was not blessed with any superfluity of means, and he had a
hard struggle to eke out a sufficiency by which to support himself,
and i)ay the fees incident to his jirofession. Among other exjjedients,
he employed himself in keeping the books of a merchant, and when
too poor to buy a candle, wo)dd lie down before the fire and pen the
entries in his firm, Itold hand by the light of the blazing logs. He
worked hard and studied hard, and .at least w.as .able to find himself, in
si)ite of many difficulties and hardshi])S, the member of a ])rofession of
wiiicli he became a leading ornament, succ(^eding in due time in
obtaining one of those prizes, a judgeship, to which all yotnig lawyers
look .as one of the ol)jects to be kept in view, and, if possible, attained
Before he left Perth, however, to enter u])on a career i!i the west, a
misfortune overtook him which caused him a life-long regi-et, and
directed towards him .at the time not a little attention and sympathy.
This was his (hiel with Robert Lyon, a gentleman who had been a
friend of his own, and a member of the same profession. This took
place in the early ])art of 1833. At that day duels were of frequent

134

HISTOUY OF THK

occuiTonce, a mode uf avenging woiindod honor, which, if now gone
somowhat out of date, was then recognised as a necessary usage of
society among gentlemen. It is needless to dwell at length upon the
cause of the ([uarrel, but the spirit in which Mr. Wilson entered u])on
it may be imderstood when we say that it was in order to justify a
lady of whom Mr. Lyon had spoken imjiertinently that led to the
encounter. Mr. Wilson was the challenger, Simon llobinson acting as
his second; H. Lelievre, a brother-in-law of the late Judge Small,
performing similar duties for Mr. Lyon. They met at the a])])ointe(l
time, just outside of the district of Bathurst, about thrtie-quarters of a
mile from I'erth. Shots were exchanged without eil'ect, and so unused
was either of them to pistol practice, and flint locks did duty in those
days, that the seconds were under the impression that they might fire
for some time before even a wound would be inflicted. It would have
been well if the result had been as anticipated. After the first shot
Mr. Robinson, Mr. Wilson's second, advanced and pre.soTited a ])a]ier
to H. Lelievre. Upon unfolding and reading it, it proved to be a
written apology and retraction of offensive words, which it was
demanded that Mr. Lyon should .sign. Mr. Lelievre said that he
could not consent to Mr. Lyon signing any such paper, but that he
should read it for himself. The document was then handed to Mr.
Lyon, who, when it had been read, threw it from him, saying that he
would never sign it, and would " have another shfit first." Positions
were then retaken, and on this occasion tiie bullet from Mr. Wilson's
pistol entered Mr. Lyon's side just under the u])lifted arm, and ])ierced
his lungs. To the consternation of all, Mr. Lyon fell on his face, dead.
Thereupon Mr. Wilson and his .second I'eturned to I'erth, and gave
themselves up to the authorities. They were detained in jail about i^ix
weeks, when the Brock ville As.>!;izes came on, and they were tried before
Chief Justice Kobin.son. Mr. Wilson defended him.self, and laying all
the ftxcts before the jiu-y was unanimou.sly accjuitted, as was his second
Much enthusiasm was shown on his behalf, not only on account of the
matter thiit hid to the duel, but the manner in which he comported
himself throughout ; and words of encouragement and offers of assist-
ance came upon him from all sidcvs.

In the autumn of the following year, 1834, he came to London,
settled here, and commenced jaactice. At that time there weiv
but two other members of the jjrofession here, and he soon drew
around him many friends. In the summer of the following year,
1835, he married Miss Hughes, a .sister of Judge Hughes, of St.
Thomas. From this time his rise was rajnd. The people found in
him a man ])rompt in business, energetic in every cause he under-
took, and most powerful before a jury. His eloquence was of the
kind that has been called " unadorned," but it bristled with common
sense, and was strong in those great Saxon words which express so
much, and are comprehended so fully by tho.se with whom he had to
do. He had no equal before a jury at the bar. He was thus widely

COUNTY OF MIDDI-KSKX.

135

Rouglit after, and to secure his services in a doubtful case was as much
as to say tliiit tlie cause was won ah-eady. His method before a jury
was to simplify a case, bring it within their comprehension ; seize
hold of the strong ])oints and press them home. With the subtleties
of law h(! did not care to trouble them, but when a nice point came up
for argument with the Court, he was found to be acute and well-
infoniunl. In his ordinary business he was the client's friend. He
discouraged litigation anil promoted amicable settlement, and many a
]H)or man has had to thank him for timely advice and caution, saving
him from ruin. For himself, he acquired a competency, and then a
foituiK' : though it became somewhat impaired in the doubtful tim(;s,
in consequence (if the generous u.se he made of his name in assisting
otliers. Nor was his generosity confined to such acts. He visited
poor people ; got them gifts of clothes ; assisted them in various ways,
and would In; a ready chami)ion of their cause if he found them to be
deserving. The mode of conducting his business, his high honor,
buoyant candor, and readiness to servo others, won for him the title of
"Honest John Wilson," and he was by far the most po])ular man of
his time that the West has seen. His popidarity was extraordinary,
and can scarcely be estimated in these days, when circumstances and
l)eo])le have so greatly changed. Much of his leisure was devoted to
I'ducation. He promoted schools, gave lectures to young men, and,
when ■Morrill's Tannery was in full operation, would go down there
and instruct fifty or more of the young lads in arithmetic, history, and
the rudiments of learning. In 1839, after the liebellion, he was ii])-
piiinted by the Crown to defend some of the rebels who were tried in
London. He did not much like the task, but said he would see that
they had ju.stice, and they had, for seven of them were haiiged.

In 1842 he was ajipointed Warden of this District, and was suc-
ceeded by J. Buchanan, now of Chicago. In 1843 he acted as
School Superintendent, and was succeeded Ity Wm. Elliot. It was not
till 1847 that he came forward as a candidate foi' a seat in I*arliament.
In that year, Mr. Drajier, who then re])re,sented London, was raiscnl to
the Bench, and Mr. Wilson was elected in his stead as a Liberal-
Conservative. He was a very ditl'erent sort of man from the Tories of
those day.s — a class of individuals scarcely (o be found in existence
now. In 1849 he was found sujiporting the conciliatory policy of
Lord Elgin in the celebrated Kebellion Losses Dill ; a UKsasure which
created intense excitement throughout the country, and led to the
verge of a counter rebellion. Some of tlus London Toi'ies having ex-
pressed dissatisfaction at Mr. Wilson's course, he determined to test
the question, and resigning voluntarily was re-elected without any
serious opposition. He continued in Parliament, representing London,
until 18;") 1, when he was defeated by T. G. Dixon, a hatter of this
place, and a Tory. This was owing, in a great measure, to some
indiscretion of speech attributed to Mr. Wilson in Parliament, rcsflect-
ing ou the Irish population. The defeat, by a very small majority,

186

msTOUV OK TIIK

about twelve votes, caused some temporary ainioyance, and it is said
even that he slied tears at the hustings when the fact that the election
was lost reached him. Feelin<^ ran very hij^li, and some threats of
violence being made against iiini, lie left the scene in the carriage of
Adam Hope. In 1854 another election took place. These were the
days of Hincks, Dr. llolph, Malcolm Cameron, ajid llobert Baldwin-
names rarely heard i\ow in coimection with politics, but which had rare
significance then. Mr. Wilson was now thoroughly with the Kefoiin
l)arty. He was for recijjrocity ; no separate schools ; economy, and
adopted the Reform i)latform generally. His opponent wasT. C. Dixon
again, who declared that the Treaty of l{eci])rocity would be a " cut-
throat nieasin'o." But Mr. Wilson proved too much for his antagf)iiist,
and was elected by nearly .seventy votes. At that time the Eeforniors
swept this Western country — Oxford, Middlesex (east and we.stj,
London, Elgin, Kent, were all in favor of what was then known as
" Eeforni," under the leadership of the man whose name we have men-
tioned. The coalition of Mr. George Brown and some of his friends
with Mr J. A. Macdonald, defeated Mr. Hincks, and a " crisis " came
on. Mr. Hincks wished to see Mr Wilson form a Government, but
Mr. Brown objecting, he compromised matters with Mr. J. A.
Macdonald, and the coalition of 1S54, under Sir Allan McNab, was
the result. ^Ir. Wilson served in rarliament, acting with the Ojjpo-
sition until the (lis.solution of the House in 1857, when, despite tlie
entreaties of his friend.s, he would not again contest the city, and its
present member, Mr. John Carling, took his place. He remained a
stranger to jiublic life until 1863, when he was elected to re])re.sont
the St. Clair Division in the Senate. He never took his seat, however,
in that capacity, for the Government of .Mr. .1. Sandfield Macdonald
being in oflice, and a vacancy in the Bench occurring, Mr. Wilson
was created a Judge, and served until his death, June 3, 1869, when
Mr. Justice Gait was appointed.

James Edward Small was County Judge for a number of yeare
prior to 18G9.

William Elliot, born in England in 1817, came with his ])arents to
the United States in 1836, and moved with them to a point on the
Thames, two miles from London, Out., in 1837. His father died there
about 1838, leaving the present Judge to look after the farm. In
1847 he began the study of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar
In 1869 he succeeded Judge Small as Judge of Middlesex, a position
which he still holds. In 1S48 he married a daughter of Dr. Robin.son,
of Dublin, Ireland. Their son, S. Connor Elliot, was killed at Duck
Lake, Manitoba, in the skirmish with Canadian Indians, Marcli 26,
1885. Young Elliot studied law in Eraser & Eraser's office, and
practised.

Judge Davis has, for some years, been connected with the Boncn
as .lunior Judge.

William Henry Draper was born in 1801, near London, England,

CiTMY OK MI1>I)I,KSK\.

137

li it is said
i\\ti election

tliTeats of

cavriape of
.ge were the
t BaUlwin—
lich bad rare
^ the llefom
couomy, and
is T. C. I">ixon
id be a "cul-
^is antay;(>i»9t,
the llefovnievs
st and west),
iien known as
we bave nien-
. of bis fi'ii'ttds
' "crisis" came
nveniinent, but
itb Mv .T. A.
[an McNab, was
witb tbe Ovpo-
,hen, despite ll^e
, tbe city, and Its
I He vemainea a
cted to Tei.vesent
usseat,bowevei;
IfuAd Macdc.uaW

n.r, Mr. \V^\^""
j„r3,l869,Nvben

number of yeavs

itb bis parents'^
to a point onih
Wr cbed tbe«;

t\ic farm.

Ill

„utted to tbe j*^
l.Wesex, a I'ositwu
; of Vv. Uobuisou.
as Ued at )"*
KUans.^bvrcUiJ
^.aser's office, ana

ed witb tbe Beucli
London, Ens^aiul, I

wlieic his father was an Enj^lish Church minister. He came to
Cuiiaila in 1820, was elected to the Lef,'islative Council in 1837,
Solicitor-General of Upper Canada in 1838, subsequently Attorney-
Goiieial, appointed Puisne Jud<»e by Lord Elgin ; and in 1856 was
u|i]i()inlL'd Chief Justice, vice (Sirj James Macaiiley. In 1863 ho was
ii|ipoiiitoil Chief Justice of Uj)por Canada, vice Judge Arch. McLean.
In 1SC9 ho was commissioned President of the Court of Error and
Apjiual, which he held up to his death in 1877. He was known as
" Swci't William," and while not considered a member of the Compact-
Fuinily, his ultra-toryism connected him with that tribe. In April,
1807, he. was Judge of the Assize Court here.

TliDUias Moss, born at Cobourg in 1836, was a son of the brewer,
of Cobourg. In 1854 he entered Toronto University, was admitted to
tlio bar in 1861, and in 1872 created 11 C. by the Premier. In
J 873-4- hi! was elected for West Toronto to the Dominion I'arliament;
sdou alter was appointed a Judge of the Court of Ap])eal ; became
President of th(! Court on Judge Draper's death, aTid Chief .Justice of
Oiitiirid on Judge Harrison's death. His own death took place on
Jamiaiy 4, 1881.

On Nov. ">, 1875, Justice Moss opened the Assizes. He was
apjiointuil, vice Justice Strong, elevated to the newly organized
Suinenie Court. William Horton, then senior barrister of London,
inescnted tlie address, which was signed by the following named
mcnibors of the Law Circle of London : — W. Horton, J. Shanly, E. J.
Tarko, T. Scatcherd, C. Hutchinson, E. W. Harris, J. H. Flock, 11.
Bayly, C. I). Holmes, V. Cronyn, C. F. Goodhue, D. McMillan, W. R.
Movedith, WaiTcn Kock, E. H. Reed, Hugh Macmahon, W. P. E.
Street, I). Glass, (.). S. Corrigan, J. H. Eraser, P. Cronyn, .las. Magec,
Henry Pecher, W. W. Fitzg<;rald, George Gibbons, J. Taylor, W. H.
Bavtraiii, 1. Martin, A. CJreeiilces, ("xeorge McNab and M. 1). Eraser.

Chief Justice Harrison, who died in November, 1878, was calleil
to the Har in 1855, created Q. C. in 1867, and elevated to the Pench
in 1875.

The Spring Assizes of 1870 was presided over by Ju.stice Morrison,
hi October, 1876, Justice Purton presided over the Assizes. In his
cliavije to the Grand Jury, he reverted to his first visit to London
years before, when Judge MaCxiulay ])resided over the annual Assize
Cdurt; compared the ])ast with the ]ii'e,sent, and .seemed well pleased
witli the progress of the county in all things, except the county
iMiilding.s. The court-house he called a pest-house, and attributed to
ittlie (loath of Justice Wilson. The Fall Assizes of 1881 was presided
over by Justice Purton. In A])ril, 1885, Chief Justice M. C.
Ciimeiim presided at the Assizes. The celebrated case of Jidia E.
Hurris cs. Waterloo Mutual Insurance Co. was heard at this time. W.
K. ami K. Meredith represented the plaintiff, and H. P. Osier and
Buwlby the defendant. The jury awarded her S547 and costs.
•'tistice Falconbridge opened the Fall Assizes of 1888, Sept. 10, this
Itiiig his first ofiicial visit to London.

138

HISTiiUV OK THE

Huf!;li Macmahon, Q. (.'., bovii in Guelpli, Out, in 1X30, doscondcMl
from an ancient Irish family, was admitted to the bar in 1.SG4, and in
18(39 settled at London In ISTlihe was created Qneen's (.'ounsel, and
the followin;* year was leading counsel before the arl)itrators in the casii
of the Ontario bcmndary, and in 1884 before the Privy Council of
Great Britain and Indand In 1880, and all throu<,'h the trial of the
Biddulph eases, lie, assisted by W. It. Meredith, (). C, defended his
clients with (extraordinary ener^'y anil success. He, with Col. Shanly,
were the main promoter.-i of the Irish Benevolent Society of Lomloii.
At the close of 1883 he removed to Toronto. On May 7, 1888, wi;
find him ])residing as Judge of the Assize Court at London. The
Middlesex Law Association was represented by the following: — VV. E.
Meredith, Q. C. ; E. Meredith, Q. C. ; M. D. Fraser, Charles
Hutchinson, J. B. McKillop, Fraidv Love, W. H. Bartram, Ed. Flock,
H. B. Elliot, W. J. Marsli, N. P. Graydon, 11. M. :Meredith, Talbot
Macbeth, Colin McDougall, C. G. .larvis, Lieiit-Colonel Macbeth, J.
H. Flock, Lieut-Colonel Shanly, 11. ^L Toothe, George Moorehead,
James Magee, W. W. Fitzgerald, Thomas Meredith, R Bayly, Q. G. ;
H. Becher, Q. (!. ; Folinsl)ee, Coyne, Nellis, J. C. Judd, Edmund
Weld, Tennant, A. 0. delfery, E. T. Essery, 15. C. McCann, and others.

W. li. Meredith read the following address : —

To the Honorable Hugh Macmahon. one of her Majesty's .lustices of the High Court
for Ontario : —
Youii LoKD.siiii', — The members of the legal profession of the City of London
and County of MiiMlesox beg leave, at this the earliest opportunity afforded thcni, to
offer to you their hearty congratulations upon vour attaining tliat highest of honor.<
and responsibilities in the profession — a 3\h iship. Whilst the profession in other
cities and counties have had the gratilication of earlier offering to you their congratula-
tions, we feel that we have an especial right and ])rivilego to do so, remembering for
how long you were among us, and that the majority of us have had the )deasure of
practising in tlie same profession witii you in this city for many years, so that, although
we cannot claim you as of one of us, yet it is one of more than ordinary gratification to
US, and we feel ajfords us the better right to congratulato you, and at the same time
to be the better able to congratulate the ])rofessiou in general, and the country at
large, in obtaining a Judge so well calculated to maintain the high standard of the
bench, past and present, of this Province. Permit us to express the hope that a long
and eminent career is before you, and to assure you of the more than ordinary pleasure
it is to welcome you to the City of London upon your first visit in your high olBcial
capacity. W. R. Meredith,

President of the Middlesex Law Association.
Geo. Mooueheai),

Secretary of the Middlesex Law Association.

Among the attorneys named in the records of 1838 are : — Tames
Givens, afterwards Judge of the County Court; W. K. Cornish, who
lost his gown owing to a [mictical joke; J. G. Ackland, K. Henry, jr.
(or Hervay), Geo. Duggan, jr., John Stuart, John Wilson, R. E. Burns,
H. Sherwood, (jeorge Sherwood, A. N. MoNab, W. 11. Drajjer, C.
Gamble, Givens & Warren, Wm Salmon, V,. Burton, J. G. Sprague,
J. Cameron, C. L. Hall, H. 11. O'Eiellv, C. A. Hagaman, 11. Dickson,
Gideon S. Tiffany, Miles O'Ptiellv, J. H. Price, A. Bethune, John Hell,
J. O'Hatt, R. G. Beasley, E. C." Campbell, F. T. Wicks, Michael .Mc-

(JuL'NTV OV MIUDLESKX.

139

I, (loscctidod
[804, and in
lonnsol, imd
fs in the casi'
y Council (if
trial of the
defundod his
Col. Shanly,
• of Lfinddii.
7, IS88, we,
.ondon. The
vin-:-W. K.
■asev, Charles
11 Ed. Flocl<,
redith, Talbot
1 Macbeth, J.
r(> Moorehead,
Bayly, Q. C. ;
udd, Ednumd
nn, and others.

,f the High Court

,e City of London
ftfforiled tlioin, to
highest of honors
profession in otlicr
in tiieir congratuU-
J, reuicnihpring lor
nl tho pleasure ot
s so that, altliougli
,ary gratification lo
at the same tiiiM-
,kI tho country Hi
rh standard ot tlit

hope that a long
n ordinary l>lew>"^

your high official
Meuehith,
_;x Law Association.
NIoou»:he.\i), .
ix Law Association.

38 arc -.—Tames
Iv. Cornish, who
Id, li. Henry, jv.
Ion, R. E. Bums,
[ H. Draper, 0.

1 J. G. Sprague,
lian, 11. Dickso",
liune, John Hell,
Iks, Michael Mc-

Niimani, G. Tfidout, James Boulton, John S. Smith, Wm. Miller, J.
Hell, \\n\. Hume Blake, A. S. Milne, K. Mucdonald, C. K. Cornish,
1!. 0. Diiggun, J. H. rricc, A. Grunt, R. Baldwin, F. G. Stanton.

In IS.'jO the name of W. Lapen.stiere appears in the ciise of Char-
liitle Armstrong v. VVm. Leighton and John ITob.son. In April, 1840,
Frederick Cleverly a^ijiears before the Court, reprcsentiiif,' J. H. Joyce
iind Edwanl Matthews v. Henry L. Tliomi)son. in 1841 the name of
liciiry C. li. Becher appears, dilloring from that of Henry C. R. Beclier,
iiiri'iidy given. John H. L Askin rejiresented 'oe Suter et nl v.
Tliouias Dangerfield, in 1841. At this time the name of J. Straclian
is recorded; in 1842 Thomas Keir, A. I). McLean; in 1844 John
Crawford, John Wil.S(m and Thomas Warren; in 1845 James Shanly;
ill 1S4G E. Jones Parkt; ; in 1847 S. F. Robertson, G(!0. Brooke, D.
M.Thompson; in 1848 Thomas Scatcherd, W. H. Wellcr, Geo. W.
liurton, James Santon ; in 1849 \V. Richardson, James Shanly, jr.,
Warren & Hamilton. In 1850 the names of James Stanton and D.
W. Stanton, Wm. Horton, Arch. Gilkinson, apjiear on the records of
the Comity Court of Middlesex and Elgin. In 1852 the names of
Cameron & Rutledge, G. W. Barton, Henry Hamilton, Thomas Scatch-
iM'd, Robert Nichol, Wm. Proudfoot, E, Horton, Y. Davis and William
Elliot apjiear; in 1851 Robert E. liurns, Wm. Troudfoot, Jldward
lilevins, Robt. Nicholl and Wm, Elliot are recorded. From Sejitem-
licr, 1844, to April, 1852, there were 1,395 suits disposed of in the
Ldiidon District Court.

From 1835 to 1839 there were 765 judgments rendered. From
December, 1839, to September, 1844, there were 1,103 judgments
rendered. There were 156 cases entered for trial at the March term
III' 1847 before Judge James Givens. Of this number, John Wilson
entered 28 ; Wm. .Horton, 21 ; James Daniell and -John Duggan, 29 ;
Thomas D. Warren, 20 ; E. Jones Parkt;, 17 ; James Givens and
James Shanly, 19; H. C. R. Becher, 14; John Crawford, 1 ; William
Ndtman, 2 ; D. J. Hughes, William K. Cornish, Simon 1\ Robertson,
A. D. McLean and George Brook, one each.

John Y. J. Harris, F. Evans Cornish, C. L. Hutchin.son, 1852 ;
Gl'O. Baxter, 1853 ; P. G. Norris, 1855, also IJobert Cooper, afterwards
•bulge of Goderich, of F^lliot & Cooper; Thomas Partridge, James
McFadden, Burton Bennett, of Vienna, and Robert C. Stoneman, of
Strathroy, Duggan & Flock, 1856 ; J. H. Flock, Walter McCrae, B.
Scliram, T. \V. Lawford, P. T. \\''orthington, W. L. Lawrason, J. D.
Warren, Richard Bayly, Edward W. Harris, George Harris, J. Part-
ridge, 1856-7. F'rom 1852 to the close of 1857 there are 1,G57
jiKlgnients recorded in the judgment book of the united counties of
.Middlesex and Elgin. In 1 858 the name of J . Worthington appears,
also S. H. Graydon. There were 1,355 judgments given between
.\tigust, 1857, and October, 1858. In 18G4 the name of R. E.
■lackson appears, also Jtihn Geary and C. C. Abbott. In F"ebruary,
1859, the law firm of Burton Bennett atid Thomas Clarke appears on

140

HISTORY OF THE

t,h« County Court records ; H. OUard, I Migi^iin & Haiti, J. McCauf^Iioy
H. Massinybvod, E. S. Collett and A. MoDouj^all ajjpears in \H(j{);
W. C. L. Gill, N. Nonsarrett, (Jaylcy, Canioron & McMicliaid, of
Toronto; C. A. Hartli, H. Kirkiiatric'k, C. D. Holmes, 1). tJ. McDonald,
Charles F. Goodlnie, Thomas Canv, VV. K, Meredith and C. A. Hart,
1861 ; John Geary, jr, and Koliert E Jackson, 1802. In 1803, C. P.
Hig^'ins, Samuel Barker, D. Macmillaii, Alex. Mackenzie, Geo. Green,
Samuel Barker, I'hilip Mackcmzie, Verschoyle (Jronyu, (Jeo. E. Moore
and Warren Kock In 1804, David (Mass, Samuel Barker, Leon M.
Clench, J, A. Carroll, David Wilson and Chai'les S. Jones, of St.
Marys. In 1865, the record bears the names of E. Stoneliouse, W. I'.
R. Street, just appointed Justice of Su])rei>ie Court, Patrick Darbv,
W. O. Meade Kiuj,', C. S. Corrigan, A. J. B. Macdonald and VV. V.
Laird. In 1866, Geo. Moucrief, now re])reseutinf,' East Jiambton in
Parliament, J. A. Milhsr, John J. Brown, Thomas Cle<,% C. McDonald,
H. H. Covne, George Uailton, Drummond, T. A. Mills, Cutteu au(l
E. M. Scane, In 1867, II. G Scatcherd. In J 868, Mackenzie,
J. H. Eraser, Tiiomas T. Irvine, James Magee, Mr. Livintr^toue,
Eilmuud Meredith, H. Whateley and Henry Ellis. In 1 869,' Hui,'h
Macmahon, J. E. Harding and J. G. Ouilette. In 1870, Henry R.
Nelle.s, E. B. Re(!<l, A. Bell, J. 11. Dixon. In 1871, Thomas J. Wilson,
W. W. Fitzgerald, T. O'Brien, G. C. (iibbons. In 1872, John Tuyldr,
E. H. Duggan, A. E. Irving and John Cameron. In 1873, J. Woods,
W. H. Bartram, Aiidrew Greenlei-s. In 1874, T. J. Wilson, Joiin
Bell, Kenneth Goodman. In 1874, J. Martin, H. T. \V. Ellis niid
A. F Cami)bell. In 1875, E. T. Es,sery, M. D. Eraser. In 1876, W.
Norris, lienj. Crony n In 1877, J. Gowans and Francis Love. In
1878, Malcomson, Watson and W. T. Lawson. In 187!), T. E. Law-
son, A. Keefer, H. Vivian, Thomas A. Keefer, J. J. Blake, George
McNab, A. 0. Jetlery. In 1886, Wm. McDiarmid, T. T. Macbeth.
In 1882, H. W. Hall, and in 1883, B. C. MctJann, were admitted to
the Law (circle.

Among the old members of the Bar, who.se reminiscences nuiy not
be given in the pages devoted to biogra])hy, were Stej)lien Hacket
Graydon, born at Birr, Ireland, in 1819; settled on a farm near
London in 1846. In 1847 he returned to Ireland and was marriuil
there. In 1848, with his friends, Wescott and Birrell, he vi.sited
Australia ; returned in 1851, and studied law with Parke & Parke.
In 1869, he was Mayor, vice Christie, resigned, and was elected Maynr
in 1870. He was a very able .solicitor. In 1884 his son, A. E. H.
Graydon, died in Texas.

The present Bar of Middlesex comprises : — W. H. Bartram, W. W.
Fitzgerald, Richard Bayly, Q. C, R. Bayly, jr., J. H. A. Beattie, Henry
Becher, Q C, F. Betts, H. S. Blackburn, Thomas Bowman, A. G.
Chishoira, W. J. Clark, John Cameron, R. K. Cowan, A. B. Cox, V.
Cronyn, Chris. Corrigan, R. H. Dignam, H. B. Elliot, E. T. Essery, F,
C. Cryer, J. H. Flock, E. W. M. Flock, Follinsbee, J. H. Eraser, Q.C.,

COUNTY III' MllMiI.KSKX.

141

L\ was inavne<

M. D. Fnisor, H. (J. Kislior, (Wo. C. Giliboiis, Win. ( Jliiss, N, 1*. Gray-
don, Kiiintith (idudnian, A. (litsonlcos, A. 1). Hardy, F. F. Harj)or, I.
F. ilcllnintli, C. H. Ivey, Charlus Hntcliinson ("Clerk of the l't!ace),
('liaiinccy .larvis, A. (). JiiU'cry, K. II. Joiin.son, J. (.'. Jnild, C. A,
Kini^ston, W. V. Laird, Francis Lov(>. T. II. Lusconibe, Talbot Mac-
betli, l'>. C. IMoC'ann, .lolin M.-icbetii, I). Macnullan, James Magec, G.
W. Marsh, Herbert Macbeth, A. .1. H. Macdonald, Goo. McNab, James
H, McKillii]., VVm. McDiarmid (Lucan), K. Meredith, Q. C, It. M.
Meredith, \V. H. M(!redilh, g.C, T. (}. Mereditli, A. A. Maetavi.sli, J.
.1. Maeiiherson, G Mnoreliei'd, Patrick Mnlkern, David Mills, H. K.
Nelles, K. W. Owens. Thomas G'iJrien, John I). O'Xeil, E. J. I'arke,
tJ.C, T. H. I'nrdom, W. A. I'rondfoot, Alex. Stewart (Gleiicoe), E. W.
Scatcherd, W. J{. Smytlu!, John Taylor, I). H. Tennant, J. A. Thomas,
U. M. (J. Toothe, G. N. Weekes, Eilmund Weld and An<,'us McNish.
Francis Evans Cornish, son of Dr. Wm. Kinj: Cornish, who came
t(i Canada from England in 181'.», was born here that year, and was
educated at London. In 185;") he was admitted to the bar; from LSfiS
to 1S61 was Alderman, and from 1861 to 186"), Mayor of London. In
1871 lit! moved to the Red Iiiver, and in 1872 was admitted to the bar
of the new jirovince. In 1874 he was elected a member of the; Mani-
toba Lej^islature ; was Mayor of Winnipe<j[, and for some years an
Alderman there, having been last elected in 1878. For years he ruled
the Oiange association in Middlesex, and was a member of the ^lasonic
society hen;. Notwithstanding his drinking and revelling, he was
popular with a majority of citizens. While Mayor, he tried, convicted
and lini^d himself for disorderly conduct, and on one occasion caused
the withdrawal of the Briti.sh garrison from London, by refusing to
apologize to the Colonel in command. This trouble grew out of scan-
dalous remarks by the Colonel bearing on a member of the CVtrnish
family. For such remarks the Mayor ])unished the Colonel corporally.
He died at Winnipeg, November 28, 1878.

Warren Rock, Q. C, was admitted ro the liar in 1861, and in 186;:!
established his law office at London. In 1876 he ac<i\iired the title of
Queen's Counsel, and a year later formed a partnership with Talbot
Macbeth.

James Shanly, Q. C, born at " The Abbey," Stradbally, Queen's
County, Ireland, is a son of one of the jiioneers of Nissouri (also
named James) who emigrated from Ireland, and in 1 837 established
his home here known as " Thorndale," near the village of that name.
Col. Shanly has taken an active part in militia atl'airs, as told in the
military chapter. He received his legal education in Canada and
here was created a Queen's Counsel, while for many years ho has held
the position of Master-in-Chancery,

William P. R. Street, born at London, Ont., in 1841, was .admitted
to the Bar in 1864, and created Queen's Counsel in 1883, In 1885
he was Chairman of the North-west Half-breed Commission, and in
1888 appointed Judge of the Supreme Court.

142

IIISTOUY OF I'UK

C. B. I'oed, a law student of London, was drowned at Toronto,
■while skatinj,', in March, 1862.

ratrick W. Darby, a barrister of London, died in October, 1865.
He had just com]>leted his law studies, and for some years delighted
London audiences by his rendition of Irish music.

Early Prohntc Business. — Under date of June 15, 1814, the fol-
lowing account was rendered against the county by Daniel Whitman,
charges incurred for tiic funeral of Lydia Wliitman. Whitman
charged £2 4s. for a coflin, 12s. for grave digging, £1 12,s. for a
winding-sheet, and £4 for nursing. wa.shing, u.se of house and sundry
•services, aggregating £S 8s. Od. This was evidently a probate bu,si-
ness, for after £69 17s. 2Ad. and the sum named above are debited,
David Wliiteman, or Wightmaii, is credited with £17 6s. Od., his own
account plus £10o 3s. Od., proceeds of auction, and received £42 4s.
9 Ad. from Magistrate IJackhouse.

Early Court, of Beqiiesf.— In January, 1830, the Townships of
Ekfrid, Mosa, Caradoc, Lol)o and 1 )elaware were set otl as a Division
of a Court of l}e([uest, with Duncan Mclvenzie and James Parkinson,
Commissioners.

The Middlesex Law Association was formed October 4, 1879. In
December a deputation, comjwsed of W. R. Meredith, Parker, Magee,
and Sherilf Glass, addressed the County Council, asking that a room
in the court-house be set apart for a law library. This was granttHi,
and to-day the law libraiy, in charge of Librarian Simmons, shows a
large collection of law books, reports, and some useful books of a
general character. The remodelled court-house, in which the library
is, was opened December 2, 1878, by Judge Davis.

Go
flio Un
tliat oh
London
and re(
country
oi'ganiza
Baptists
of peace
flu's their
J«iyment
luand wei
f'i« forks
Siincoe.
K'lr of flu
tlif Ii'evoJi
?: "'ar on tlui
; ,^ Siirre)

'i'lianies, (
:^ m2,am]
• 'l\' a lawye
iiltliougli Ik
''L'lieri'd Iji
Hull to sm
'liid ari'iviM
''le Anien'c!
"Iietlier he

■'tiile tliat H
'■'■'er to the
'"'iiiging ov(
"'ftled h.«oi
''M'ftiniiice
fi'i'in'nal.
"'f.^' of St.'.
''Ji't and ti'ad'
""■ iifighhoi'l
•"•'■"pied this

'''f.\- Dwrin
I'iiiiy of fo,.(

COUNTY OK MIDDIiKSKX.

143

CHArTKU VII r.

1814, the fo\-
[el Wlntnvan,
, Wliitiuau
£1 123. fov a
5e aiul siuidvy
V probate busi-
,Q ave debited,
s Od., bis own
fceived £42 4s.

e Towns\iips of

as a Division

„^es I'avkinsou,

,er4.lB79- 1"
, Pavkcv, Magee.
i'no that a room
liis was gvaiitea,
iinmous, shows a
seful books of H
whicli the hbrary

MILITAUY AFFAIRS.

Governor Simcoe always entertained the idea of the re-conquest of
the United States. His plans were directed toward this end, and with
tliiit object lie established in his mind's eye a central government at
hondoii on the Thames, with an arsenal and ship-yard at Chatham,
and redoubts along the lakes and Niagara Kiver. He divided the
country into counties for militia purposes, and made laws for the
ovj^anization and management of all male inhalntants. The Quakers,
Baptists and Tunkers were to pay twenty shillings ])ev annum in time
of peace and one hundred shillings sterling per year in time of war for
this their exemption from service — the proceeds to be devoted to the
payment of an Adjutant-General. The regular soldiers under his com-
mand were ordered to cut out the Dundas road from Lake Ontario to
the forks of the Thames, and Yonge street from Lake Ontario to Lake
Siracoe. All this and much more was accomplished before the first
year of this country ; but English diplomats, filled with experiences of
the Itevolution, failed to be so sanguine as Simcoe, and so deferred a
war on the United States until 1812.

Surrender of Detroit. — The events leading to the BattL of the
Tliames, date to the surrender of Detroit. This surrender of Aug. 16,
1S12, and its occupation by the British for a year, were brought about
liy a lawyer named Brush, who was unfriendly to the American cause,
rtitliou<,'h he was Governor Hidl's legal adviser. Brush consorted with
(ieneral Brock and advised the maimer of attack, even as he advised
Hull to surrentha', and this was made more manifest, for when Brock
liad arrived within musket range he halted, and stood still regarding
llie American force and their ability to oppo.se him, as if in doubt
wliL'ther he was leading his men into a trap. Judge William Connor,
iif Mt. (.'lemens, and other old citizens of Detroit, who were present,
:'tale that Hull's cowardice and Brush's treachery led to this atl'air, and
ii'fer to tlie fact of Hull being so excited and scared at his share in
Imaging over the British troops, that he bo.smeared his coat, vest,
luflied hdSdin and white cravat with tobacco juice, lost in foto the
iili]ioarance of Hull of the Revolution, and assumed the look of a
cviininal. Another surrender was also made where now stands the
I'ity of St. Clair. Patrick Sinclair, a British ofiicer, built in 1703 a
full and trading-house. In 1782 m'ncteen other Britishers settled in
the ueighhorhood. In 1807 the Michigan militia under Cajitain Koe
rttupied this post, and als(j anotiier post located just below Marine
L'ity. During the war of 1812 this post and Captain Joe. Roe's com-
pany of forty men wei'e cai^ured by a British force ; but in May,
10

144

IllSTOliY OF THK

1814, the viver bank was again in ])i),ssession of tho American Rangers
under Captain Gratiot.

Battle of the Thames. — Coninioilore Perry obtained a signal victoiv
over the British naval forces on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813. This
foice comprised the ships Detroit, 19 guns ; (^>ueen ("harlotte, 17 guns;
the schooner Lady Prevost, 13 guns; the brig Hunter, 10 guns; the
sloop Little Belt, 3 guns and the schooner Chi|)pewa, 1 gun and 2
swivels. Opi)osed to this was Perry's flagship, the Lawrence and the
Ariel, poorly armed, and a few small boats hurriedly put together ut
Put-in-Bay, such as the Scorpion and Tigress. With the captured
vessels he advanced on Windsor or Maiden, and on September 23 lie
took over to Maiden from Detroit 1,200 men of Han-ison's arniv,
among whom were 120 regular troops, the remaining 1,080 boiiifi;
Kentucky riflemen. Tlie balance of the army, 1,500 irregular troojis
and 30 Indians, were held at Detroit. Gen. Proctor's force comjirised
900 British regular troops and 1,500 Indians commanded by Tecumseli.

Perry ran some of his small boats up to Moravian Town and
Chatham, while Harrison's mounted infantry pushed forward along the
north bank of the river and forded the Thames twelve miles below the
Moravian Mission, and about that distance from Lot 4 in the Gore of
Zone, where Tecumseh fell. That night the advance guard arrived at
Dalsou's Station, where they bought from Mrs. Dalson several hundred
loaves of bread (which Gen. I'roctor's army left behind), jiaying the
woman for each twenty-five cents. Next day the army resumed the
march and came up with the British regulars, who opened fire first. Har-
rison promptly returned the fire, and orilered Col. Johnson's Kentucky
cavalry to charge upon their lines. This charge was admirably made,
breaking the lines and S([uare and permitting the riflemen to a,dviuiee
without loss to make the whole British force, then jiresent, jirisoners,
Tecumseh's great Indian army was held below, and a little to the
right of the position held by the regular British troojjs, in a dense low
bush. The riflemen dashed against this position, but were repulsed,
The message for aid just came as the British regulars were disarmed,
and Col. Johnson's cfivalry was sent forward. In this charge Col
Johnson was wounded, but the ))attle went forward for thirty minute.*
longer until Tecumseh himself fell, when the field belonged to
Kentucky. After the battle Col, Whitney, an old Kentucky citizen
accompanying the army, was found lying dead, and within four rods
of liim lay Tecumseh. The location was on the " openings," just
beyond the low gi-ouud where the Indians first took position in the
bush.

It is said that Perry's victory on Lake Erie was concealed from
Tecumseh by Proctor, for fear of its etfect on his savage followers,
Tecumseh, seeing Proctor's preparations to retire eastward from the
American frontier, suspected the truth. At a council held in one of |
the storehouses at Amherstburg, Tecumseh, with gi'eat vehemence ol I
manner, addressed Proctor, saying : —

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

145

"Father, linten.' Our fleet has gone out; we know they have fought; wo have
heard the great guns ; but wc know nothing of what has happened to our fatlier with
one arm (Captain Barclay). Our ships have gone one way, and we are much astonished
to sec our fatlier tying up everything and ])reparing to run the other way, without
letting his red children know what his intentions are. You always told us to remain
here to take care of the lands. You always told us you would never draw your foot off
British ground ; but now, father, we see you are drawing l)ack, and we are sorry to
see our fatlier do so without seeing the enemy. Wo must compare our father's con-
duct to a fat dog that carries its tail upon its back ; but, when affrighted, it drops it
between its legs and runs off.

" Fatlii'i; liMtn ! The Americans have not yet defeated us by land, neither are we
sure that they have done so by water ; we, therefore, wish to remain hero and fight
our enemy, .should he make his appearance. If they defeat us, then we will retreat
with our "father. » » • You have got the arms and ammunition which our great
father, the King, sent for his red children. If you have an idea of going away, give
tlieni to us, and you may go and welcome for us. Our lives are in the hands of the
(?reat Spirit. Wc are determined to defend our lands, and, if it be His will, wo wish
to leave our bones upon them."

Lo.s.sin,s;, in his " Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812," from
which we extract the above s]ieech, say.s its etl'oct was electrical.

I^IaJor n. H. Ow.sley, a soldier in tliis campaign, sjjeaking of tlie
doatli of Tecunisoh, says that the Battle of the Tliaines was a .short,
hot .skirmish, in which Tccumseh died like a hero and a patriot, and
Proctor sliowed himself to be a jioltroon of the most ]nisillanimous
type. He related incidentally how the story that Colonel Johnson had
kilkni Tecum.seh originated, and gave the name of the soldier who did
kill the great Shawanee. " Teoumseh was," .said Major Owsley, "as
fine a specimen of physical manhood as ever I saw. He was above
middle height, beautifully proportioned, features singiilarly regular for
an liuliaii, a handsomely-shaped face, eyes like an eagle, and of grace-
ful, thougli hanglity, manner. Indian and foe thougli he was, I could
not withhold my admiration for his patriotism, his bravery, and his
ability. It is said that he had a premonition of his approaching end.
At all events, at the Thames, he threw off his Brigadier-General
iinifonii, and, putting on a hunting shirt and taking rifle, tomahawk
and butcher-knife, he led his men in person against Dick Johnson's
mounted Kentuckians. The Indians had been made believe by the
'Frophet,' Tecuniseh's brother, that 'Tecumseh bore a charmed life,
and could not be wounded.' And when they saw their leader fall
their 3uperstitious fear was aroused, and they broke and fled. For a
few mimites, or until Tecumseh fell, the Indians fought as bravely as
ever men of any people fought. Johnson's men and the I ndians did
most of the fighting at the Thames engagement, which was not much
of a battlt! after all, though it decided very important issues. Had
Tecumseh Iwen chief in command instead of Proctor, the result might
kve been different, for Tecumseh was a born soldier." He further
states that " it was generally known in the army that red-headed Dave
King killed the Shawanee chief. King was a tailor by trade, and lived
sometimes at Stanford, and sometimes at Lebanon, Ky. Before we
reached the Ohio Eiver, on our return home to Kentucky, ' Davy '
King was the best-known private soldier in the army. Next to the

146

HISTOKY OF THK

last night out, before reaching our old Kentucky home, it was whis-
l)ered around among the soldiers: 'When we get over the Ohio lliver
we must say that Colonel Johnson killed Tecuniseh.' "

akirmish at Byron. — After the battle of the Thames, General
Proctor retreated to Burlington Heights, taking the Longwoods and
the Commissioners' road. He was closely pursued by a small body of
Kentucky riflemen, who ctime up with Cajitain Carroll's command
near what is known in later years as the Village of Byron, West-
minster Township. This Carroll commanded a body of niountod
volunteers and one of infantry, both organized in Oxford County.
This force was guarding a train of wounded Britishers from the field
near Chatham, and being unable to keep uj) with Proctor's main force,
Carroll was doomed to surrender or fight. Taking the latter course, he
took possession of a knoll within the great bend of the Commissioners'
road, and with Mrs. McManus, or McNames, (who resided near by) te
distribute ammunition, waited the enemy's attack. The American.?,
seeing a hopeless task before theiu, retired after one repulse, leaviiij;
the Canadians to take care of their wounded men.

Second Scout. — In the summer of 1814 some mounted Micliigan
and Ohio volunteers entered Westminster, and piished forward to
Yarmouth, but merely took away whatever jtrovisions and horses they
required, and silenced the more active enemies of the Republic in the
settlements.

Battle Hill. — The affair at Battle Hill, a few miles west of Stiatli-
burn, took place May 4, 1814, between the Royal Scots, detachment.''
of the 89th Infantry, a large body of Kent militia, and some Indians
on one side, and a reconnoisance of the American force on the other
The first party, commanded by Ca})tain Basden, while brhiging up an
army train, were attacked by the sharpshooters from a log redoubt on
the hill. The British and Indians attacked the position from all .sides,
made several assaults, but befoie daylight had to fall back, liaviDi;
suHered very heavily, losing 16 killed, including two otticers, and 41'
wounded, including three officers. The Americans retreated at dawn,
and in the re]jort of the captain to headquarters, carried out a most
hazardous enterprise without loss in killed or wounded.

Other Aj/'airs — On May 14, 1814, Roe's Rangers made an incur-
si(jn into Canada to ascertain whetluir any British troops were to be 1
found along the Thames. In 1812 Thomas Talbot was cieateJ |
Lt.-Col. of militia, then embracing three companies of able-bodied men.
Two were recruited from able-bodied men and widowers, were well
drilled, and known as "Flank Companies." They particijuited in I
several actions against the Americans on the border. On Auj,'. 1
1813, however, the war came toward the settlement. A l)andol|
Kentucky riflemen and some stragglers under Connnandei' Walker
came up from the Thames, and burned Col. Burwell's log dwell
and Col. Talbot's mill. Burwell was then suH'ering from ague, buttiiij
Americans removed him gently from the house, and sent him i)ii.sone.' I

to Chji

son W;
-^'leplio]
'V(/iiii'e(
raid fvoi
lUvev, f
'lorsps a

I'cm

distrihiiti
into foi'p,,

'"111 ilfa/o
(flirty vet
■'^fifidle.se.x
"ic battle
'"'■"'«• j)Ia,

altJlOIInrJ, J,,

of age. Is

on 111 the di

In .'ui.s^ie,. t

•^■"bus]) saifl

'■eai'- And,.,

^^'as at tJie

. ^'"'''fedjh

I f"';" Hil thro
/ f"^'- Hew,
^, "": '"'"I, a 1)1,
"7'fe'"'.snam
: 'i;^.^'^'; enrol

f ™;<' "'an on
'ardsliipsoftj

"0 other of l,i
""f raiTied de
"ine mmihn

S' '"•' ^''-^^ I
J "'e corps he

Jnion Grote, ,}
"'e name of hf.
"^"^f "f colore

I ^nd . served th,
^avid.s, He

^"^'^ AJexan.
nm, was Ivi
J'^.P.'e.sente;

1';

,, -"I'lt-.-ienri

'ici

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

147

es, Genevul
awoods aiul
uaU body
,'s coinmaiw
Wron, Wcst-

fold County
from the fieW
r's main iovce,
,ttevcom'se,lie
Commissioners
led near by) to
[ho Amevicans,
cepulse, leavmg

,nted Micbiga;;
,bed forward to

andborsestk)

KepuUic m tk

.3 west of Strath-

,S 'some indjauj

l bringing up au

' a \o" redoubt ou

,io„ from aW sules,

Lo ot^icers, aiut -i
' etreated at da>^u
S.vied out a «o>t

[Ifmadeaninc-'

a\bot was

of able-bodK.d lu

-idoNvers, ^^'^^ ; ,

jommandei Nva ,

iVu \o>' liweUW:
vwells io„ J

,, from agues ^j;,

"• sent lum V»i^*

to Cliillicotho, Ohio. On approaching Talbot's log house, Col. Patter-
soTi was arrested, leaving the owner to e3ca]ie in the guise of a
sliejilieid. The Americans took whatever cattle and horses they
nH|uired, and returned. General McArthur set out on his Ontario
raid from Detroit in the fall of 1814. He pushed forward to Grand
River, and foraged successfully, bringing to Detroit a large band of
horses and a heavy train of ]irovisions.

I'oisioners of the War. — The act of Parliament providing for the
disti'ilmtion of .^SO.OUO among the survivors of tlie War of 1812, came
into force in 1875. That year Colonels McPherson, Moll'at, Taylor,
ami Majors Leys and Peters made the payments of S20 to each of
thirty veterans at the City Hall, London. Among the old soldiers of
Middlesex ]iresent were : — David Reynolds, of Caradoc, was present at
tlie battles of Queenston and Lundy's Lane, being wounded at the
former )ilace. He had appliinl for a ])ension, but never received it,
althongli he had got one hundred acres of land. He was then 84 years
of age. Isaac Quackenbush, Komoka, was not on the list, Imt later
on in the day an application was made out for him by Col. Taylor.
In answer to Col. McPherson's finery as to what rank he held, Quack-
eiibusli said sometimes he was in the front rank and sometimes in the
rear. Andrew Heron was aged 81 ; he volunteered at Port Dover, and
was at the battle of Fort George, and received a medal, which he
exhibited ; he was identified by Mr. Pieynolds. P>enjarain Myers, Mt.
Brydges, was born in 1791, and took jiart in the first war, bearing
arnifi all through it He never received a cent of pay or a grant of
land. He was at Queenston and Lundy's Liine, and was wounded in
the arm, a piece of grape shot carrying off his coat collar. ILu could
write his name. Wm Moore, of the townshij) of Metcalfe, was 80 years
of a,<;e ; em'olled in 1812, and served nine months; was at the taking
of Of,'dei;sburg and jit the battle of Chrysler's Farm, were he sulfered
more tlian oti any otlier occasion. He gave a vivid description of the
hardsliips of that day, and stated that he received a hundred ac: - of
land. George Bi'own, of Williams, was 85 years of age, and said he u.id
no other of his family similiarly named. He was enrolled in 1812,
but carried des])atches and drew j)ay at Kingston, where he served
nine months. He volunteered on the 4th of June, and received a
Imndrt'd acres for his military services. He did not recollect the name
of the cor])s he served, but it was the militia of the County of Lennox.
Simon Grote, of Longwood (colored), did not recollect his age ; thought
the name of his Colonel was Clause. The whole regiment was com-
jtosed of colored men, and he enlisted at the beginning of the war,
and served through it all ; was at Lundy's Lane, Queenston, and St.
Davids, He got a hundred acres of land from tire Government.
James Alexander Weishulm, of Mount Brydges, was unable to he
I present, was lying ill at his sister's house in London township. His
^ sou represented him. and David Reynolds affirmed that he had served.
1 Francis Emerick, of Napier, did not have his name on the list. Barna-

148

IlISTOKY OV THK

bas Flanagan, Mt. Brydges, was past 86 years of age, and served from
1812 to 1815 under Brock. He was engaged at Detroit, Fort Eric,
Chii)])ewa, Queenston and Stoney Creek. He never received any land,
although it was promised, and never received any medal or a cent all
through the war. Nicholas Bodine, Mosa, was 87 years of age, and
served under Col. Ityerse ; he was in the army about two years, and
received three dollars for his services. There was some deficiency in
his ))apers, and Col. iMcrher.son promised to write to him. George
Henry, Newbury, served as a private in his father's company, jtm-
ducing the connnission of the latter dated 1804. It was issued by Hon.
llobert Hamilton, Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln. Henry was 78
years of age, having enrolled when but fifteen. He never got anything
for his services, and never expected to. Kobert Cornwall, of Caradoc,
was HO years old, and served till after the battle of Fort George and at
Lnndy's Lane ; was never wounded, a.nd never received a medal.
Andrew Heron certifies that from conversations he has had with Corn-
wall, the latter must have been "out" in 1812. The case of four
Indians from .Munceytown was next taken up; they were named
George King, Tom Chief, Isaac Dolson and Tom Snake. Arthur
Wrightman, of Longwoods, died a few weeks before tlie distribution.

There is a name, however, in connection with the war of 1812,
dear to Canadians — General Brock. On July 28, 1812, he delivered
his written address to the Council at York, and from this document
the following extract is taken : —

"Trusting more to treachery than o])eu hostility, our enemies have
already S])read their emissaries through the country to seduce our
fellow-subjects from their allegiance, by jjromises as false as the
principles upon which they are founded. A law has, therefore, been
enacted for the speedy detection of such emi,s.saries and for their
condign puni,shnient. Remember, when you go forth to the combat,
that you fight not for yourselves alone, but for the whole world. You
are defeating the mast fovmidable conspiracy against the civilization of
man that was ever contrived. Persevere as you have begun, in strict
obedience to the laws and your attention to military discijiline ; deem
no sacrifice too costly which secures the enjoyment of our hap])y con-
stitution ; follow with your countrymen in Britain the ])aths of virtue,
and like them, you shall triumph over all your unjmncipled foes."

On Aug. It), 1812, lirock made good his words, when Hull sur-
rendered, under the conilitions hitherto explained; l)ut on October Ki
he delivered his last speech, and was killed at Queenston Heights
with his aide-de camp, McDonnell. The act of March 14, 1815, jiro-
vided 'ir raising his monument on the Heights, £1,000 being tlieii
granteu. In January, 1826, a supplementary grant of £G0U was
made to comjilete the monument.

Benj. Wilson, .in Ensign in the war of 1812, was present at the
surrender of General Hull, as well as at Lundy's Lane. He was oiu
of twenty men under Capt. Metcfilfe, who, it is alleged, accomplisiiwi

COUNTY OF MIDULKSEX.

149

L,vved from

^ T<"ovt "Erie,

'd any laud,

,r a cent all

of age, and

years, and

Icficiency in

iui. George

)mpany, V>'"-
suedbyHun

leury was 7»
raotanytVimg
\°oi Caradoc,
George and at
ved a medal.
,ad witli Corn-
a case of fo«i'
J were named

distribution. ^

e war of ^^^-<
2 be delivcvcd
a this document

liv enemies bave
to seduce our
a3 false as the
, therefore, been
^ and for their
, to the combat,
,ole world. , \'ou
\ic civilization
, begun, in stnct
discipline; deem
our liappy.'^'*"'
p paths of virtue.
nciylcd foes.
when Hull sur- ^
,ut on October u
.eeiiston Height^

■ Qoo beni'^ tliL"
' of £000 was

the capture of ci.;hty Americans by imitating the Indian war-whoop,
thereby causing the " Yanks " to surrender. During the march to
Col. Talbot's house forty Americans escapf^d. Several interesting
stories of such ciiptures are told, with many tales relating to the
niarcli through Canada of Hull's unfortunate garrison.

Tlie Delaware settlers wlio fled to join Harrison's army in 1813
were never recaptured ; hut others were not so fortun.ite, for in the
history of the Quarter Sessions Court references are made to some
early settlers indicted for desertion or treason.

On January 13, 1818, Ellis Buckley was indicted for deserting to
tlie enemy in 1814. He was placed under bonds of £2,000, with
Diivid and Daniel Hoover in £1,000 each, and ultimately escaped
jniiii.shment. The Emmins boys were also aiTested on the charge of
desertion.

Affairs in 1SS7-S. — In the political chapter, the troubles of
1837-8 are refen-ed to. The military condition of the county at that
time may be learned from the following official rosters of commands
then regulfirly organized : — The officers of the first regiment of Middle-
sex in 1830, were Col. Thomas Talbot, commissioned Feb. 12, 1812 ;
Captains Gihnan Wilson and Leslie Patterson, commissioned in 1812 ;
John Matthews, James McQueen, John Warren, Archibald Gillis,
Hu<;li McCowan and James McKinley, commissioned in 1823 ; Lieu-
tenants Wm Bird and Gideon Till'any, commissioned in 1812 ; Thos.
Mcl'all, Samuel McCall, John G. Gillies, Duncan Mackenzie and
Adjutant J. M. Farland, commissioned in 1823 ; and Ensigns Daniel
Mclntyre, David Davis and Samuel Harris, in 1812; and Quarter-
Master Sylvanus Reynolds, in 1815.

The fourth division of Middlesex militia claimed the following
officers : — Colonel, James Hamilton ; Major, Ira Schofield ; Captains,
Joseph Han'ison, Simon Bullen, Roswell Mount, Duncan Mackenzie,
Itichard Talbot and Daniel Hine, commissioned in 1823 ; Edward E
Warren, Tliomas Lawrason, Daniel Doty, Edward E. Talbot, in 1824 ;
Wni. Putnam, in 1826 ; John Ewart, in 1827 ; Lieutenants, James
Fisher, John Siddall, John T. Jones, Wm. Gray, Alex. Sinclair, John
Ijiain, Arcli. McFarlane, Robert Webster and Nathaniel Jacobs, in
1824; Ensigns, Henry B Warren, Lawrence Lawrason, Daniel Camp-
bell, Thomas H. Sumner, George Rohsoii, Wm. Burgess, Philip Hard-
, ing, James Parkinson and John Talbot, jr., in 1824, with Adjutant
Wm. Putnam, in 1826.

The militia officers of District Two of Middlesex in 1830, were : —
Mahlou Burwell, Colonel ; John Backhouse, Lt.-Colonel ; John Eolph,
Major ; Samuel Edison, Wm, Saxtoii, Joseph Defield, Abe. Backhouse,
Titus Williams, Isaac Drajier, Andrew Dobie, Henry Backhouse and
William Summer,?, Captains ; Gilbert Wrong, John Summers, James
Hutchinson, James Bell, Henry House, James Summers and Alex.
Buxton, Lieutenants, commissioned in 1824 ; Ensigns, George Dobie,
Alexander Summers, John Benner, John R. Kennedy, Wm. Mcintosh,

150

IIISTOIiY OF TIIK

Peter Defield iind Tlionms Edison, ji'., coniniissionod in 1826 ; and
IJ(Mil)en Keimody, Quaiteriiiastor,

Tlie militia ollicers of tlie Third District of Middlesex in 1830 were:
— ('oloiiel, John liostwick, coniniissioned in 1822 ; Captains, H(!njaniin
Wilson, James Nevilles, John Conrad and Jose])h iSniitli, in 182o;
Joseph L. O'Dell, Josiah C. Goodhue, Jose))h House and Michael
McLoughlin, in 1824; Lieutenants, Wni. Orr and -fesse Ganlz, iu
1823 ; John Merlatt, Joshua I'utnam, James Weishuln, Joshua S.
O'Dell, William P. heard and Gardner Merrick, in 1824 ; Knsio;ns,
Jonas Barnes, John T Doan, Silas ¥j. Curtis, Nathaniel (Jrifhtlis,
Lawrence Dingnian and Samuel Snmmei', in 1824.

The First Kegiment of Middlesex militia in 1838-9 was presidiMJ
over by Col. Talbot; L.Patterson was Lieut.-Colonel ; J. McQueen,
^lajor ; G. Wilson, J, Warren, A. Gillis and J. McKinlay, senior
Cajitains ; Win. Shore, J. Sinies, J. Patterson, J. Robier, 11. D. Drake,
J. T. Airey and G. Mum'o, commissioned Cai)tains in 18:^7; W. I5inl,
G. Tiffany, T. McCull, J. Gillis and D. McKinlay, senior Lieutenants ;
P. Drake, 11, Nicholls, J. liobier, 11. Evans, S. Harris, H. Burwcsll, J,
Blackwood and E. McKinlay, commissioned Lieutenants iu 1837; 1).
Mclntyre and D. Davis, Senior Ensigns ; H. Burden, T. Kobier, A.
Backhouse, J. Thayer, R. Howard, J. li. Burwell, William Spore, 1).
McGregor and J. Sinclair, commissioned Ensigns in 1837; J. Patter-
son, Quartermaster, and J. Rolls, Surgeon. This regiment belonged to
the Townships of Dunwich, Sonthwold and Aldborough.

The Second Light Infantry of Middlesex was ])resided over by
Colonel T. Radcliff, commissioned in 1837, with John Philpot Curniii,
Lieut.-Colonel, and W. McKenzie, Major; W. RadcliH', P. Hughes and
Robert Pegley, old Captains; J. J. Buchanan, T. Groome, J. P.
Bellairs, J. Arthur, E. G. Bowen, in 1837, and R. H. Allen in 18:!8.
Of the Lieutenants, William Collins was commissioned in 183'); H.
L. Thompson, T. White, G. Somers, R. L. Johnston, H. G. Bullock, E.
Bullock and G Pegley in 1837. Second Lieutenants, J. Phili])s, 1).
Mcl'herson, W, McKenzie and C. White were corainLssioned in 1837,
also Adjutant J. Arthurs. This regiment was raised in Adelniile
Townshij).

The Second Regiment of Middlesex militia was presided over in
1838-9 by M. Burwell, commissioned Colonel in 1822, with ■Uhi
Biu'well, Lieut-Colonel in 1838, and H. Metctilfe, Major. The M
Captiiins were Wm. Stanton, J. Defield, A. Backhouse, I. Draper, A.
Dobie and W. Summers, in 1831 A. Foster was commissioned, ainl
in 1838 G. Wrong, James Hutchinson, A. Santon and D. McKenmy.
The Lieutenants in 1834-8 were J. Summers, H. House, J. Beuuer, T.
Higginson, Michael Crawley. The Ensigns commissioned in I8:iti
were G. Dobbie, J. R. Kennedy, W. Mcintosh, P. Defield, T. Edison:
in 1832, A. McCasland, N. Lyon; in 1838. B. Plowman, (1. W,
Holland, T. Jenkins, jr., and S. Livingstone. A. Foster was Adjutant,
with R, J, Kennedy, Quartermaster. Of the cavalry comi)aiiy, H,

UOUNTV OF MIDDI-ESEX.

161

Gilbert was Major ; J. M. Crawford, Lieutenant ; J. Wright, Cornet.
Tliis re-iiiuent was raised at Malaliide and Ikyliani.

Tlie Tiiird Iteginient of Middlesex militia was raised in the Town-
ships of Yarmouth, Westminster, Dorchester and Delaware, John
Bostwick was Colonel in 18.S2. Jn 1838-9 the following oflicers were
aitiMiinted;— Jl Wilson, Lt.-Col. ; -F. Nevilles, Major; D. Calder, Wni.
Orr, J, Marlatt, W. V. Secord, J. C. Chrysler, J. K. Bostwick, M. Mc-
Konzic, J. Manning; 1). I'nizer and S. E. Curtis, Cajjtains; S. Suni-
Tiicr, (1. K. Williams, G. S. Bostwick, J. Miller, G. Claris, T. Spore, J.
McKay, H. B. Bostwick, T. Hutchinson and J. S]X)re, Lieutenants; J.
Ka])eljc, L. Tearce, S. Trice, V Ackland, J. Coughiil, A. Fortour, C.
^Iiiyward, D. Marlatt, F. Spore and Jt. Springer, Ensigns ; W. Garrett,
Q, ^I. ; E. Ermatinger, Paymaster. The Cavalry com])an)' was com-
manded by Cai)t. J. Ermatinger, M-ith J. E. Wf)odward, Lieutenant,
and J. Bostwick, Cornet. Many of the officers and men of this com-
mand served against the Patriots in 1837-8, prior to the organization
of the Third Kegiment.

The Fourth Kegiment was raised in Lobo, London and North
Dorcliester Townships. In 1838, T. H. Bull was ajipointed Lieut.-
(Jolonel. In 183."), S. Bullen was commissioned Major, and in 1823,
K. Talbot, Ca])tain. The other oflicers of this command were all com-
missioned in 1838, viz. : — Ca])tains, H, Kellally, A. Sinclair, J. Wilson,
li. Jiobinson, J, B. O'Connor, W. S. Bullen anil G. Ilobinson. Lieu-
tenants, John O'Neil, W, McMillan, J. McFadden, J. Jennings, P.
Harding, J. Parkinson, T. Howard, B. Matthews, C. Madden and W.
Crofton. Ensigns, W. jNIuttlebury, E. J. Handy, T. Harding, S. L.
Ball, T. H. Ball, H. C. E Becher, J. Hawkins, W. Warren, A. D.
McLean, T. Parkinson and D. Kent. F. Talbot, Quartermaster, and
G. Moore, Surgeon. The Adjutant, E. Eoliertson, was commissioned
in 1835. The cavalry company was commanded by A. Eobert.son,
appointed in 1835. Lieutenant, J. Warren, and Cornet, A. Kier, in
1838.

After the military organization of 1824, a banquet was given at
Peter McGregor's tavern, then opposite the waterworks at Spring-
bank, where Eichard Thompson now live.?. In the evening, Thomas
Lawrason said at the table : — " I do not want any common men but we
ofUcers to sit at this table." What ensued did away with the pleasures
of the evening, the men descending on the table and taking a full
share in the material jiart of the banquet.

The Fifth Eegiment of Middlesex militia was commanded by S.
Craig, Colonel, in 1837; J. B. Clench, Lt.-Col.; and F. Summers^
Major. The Captains commis,sioned in 1832 were J. McFarland, B.
Springer, D. Lockwood and C. Gibbs ; in 1836, W. M. Johnston, and
in 1838, J. S. Cummins. All the Lieutenants were appointed ia
1832 :— J. McFarlane, H. Miller, A. D. Ward, C. I). Sparling and T.
Lautry. The Ensigns were H. Anderson, W. Sparling, J. Miller, jr.,
ill 1832, and D. Lockwood iu 1836. In the latter year, W. M. Jolin-

152

HISTOIIY OF THK

ston was commissioned Adjutant. The rof^imeJit was raised in the
Townships of Caradoc, Ekfrid and M(»sa.

In 1837-8, London was selected as a military station, the ;)2nd
British Infantry beiiit; the first to occupy tlvj place ; while the Sotii
Infantry occujued St Thomas and Sandwich, the former commanded
by Col. Maitland, who was to obey the magistrates.

In l8;S7-8, Dr. Charles Duncombe conur.anded a band of Patriots
from Yarmouth, Malahide ami the Townshiji of Middlesex. The fate
of this little com])any was such as the de.s])erate odds might warrant.
The few who ventiu'ed to return to their hames were carried away at
once to the London jail, until the one strong room of that institution
held forty political ])risoners, exclusive of the men who were taken
out to die or to be sent ])risoners to the seat of government.

A Few Soldiers. — Thomas Carling served through the trouble of
1837-8 in Captain Robinson's London Cavalry Com[)any.

Alex. Macdonald, a Scotch conmiissioned officer in the nQth British
Infantry, sold his commission in 1834, and, coining to Canada, served
against the Patriots. He was arrested at Bufl'alo for his supposed
connection with the " Caroline ail'air," Vait was released through the
influence of friends. In June, 1850, he moved to London, where lie
Ciirrioil on a land agency Vnisiness ; was the first appraiser of the Trust
and Loan Company of Upper Canada and the originator of the London
Mutual Fire Insurance Comjiany. He died in 1879, aged 70 years.

Thomas liadcliH'e, born at Castle Coote, Ireland, and educated at
JJublin, joined the British army in 1811, and, during the squabble of
1837-8, his command captured the schooner Anne at Maiden, Jainiaiy
9, 1838. After this affair he was a])pointed a member of the Legi.slii-
tive Council, and this ]iosition he held until his death in 1841. In
1832 he sold his half-pay, which he had from 1816, and settled in
Adelaide Town.ship, where he was appointed magistrate find colonel of
militia. In taking the schooner, the Patriot Anderson, for whose
capture £100 were ottered, was so badly beaten that he died Tiext day.

lu di'y, 1838, a letter from the Clerk of the Peace at London to
John Mt. .alay, Secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor, contained a
report by the Justices of Quarter Sessions on the com])laint of Isaac
Draper against John Burwell, a magistrate. On August 1, the Clerk-
informed Mr, Burwell that a memorial by Thomas Jenkins, sr., Peter
Clayton, Thomas Higginsou, John Christie, Dr. James Jackson, K. X.,
John M. Crawford, James McKnight, N. McKinnon and 55 otliers,
residents of Bayham, Malahide and adjoining townships, containini;

gi'ave

charges

against

him, was received. A memorial signed

Henry Metcalfe, Major of the Second Regiment Middlesex militia.
and 66 others in justification of Burwell's conduct was also acknow-
ledged. This trouble grew out of the outrages perpetrated by tiie
loyal militia of the London District in Norwich and other townships
in July, 1838, and prior to that date. The complaint of Joseidi H.
Thockmorton, made in October, 1838. against the militia called out in

and iccni)

MiUh

in 18o4;-

siicceedL.d

coiiiniaiide
CointHTiVj

1% and h'
^^'li'Ie, al.so

<-'"|'t. MliiTi

l«r2Uie «
^'f'e, iVajor

In iHoQ
■R'fle Conipa,
store-kecpej.
«">"ed A/ajor
'^ivnvD, SuVne
I'o'iipany «^i,
^u>vhy and \

'^'t'ut. D. ill. ^

JJuiican M

^^■'ti^h artilJon

, ^'"/ada in isil

■ ^«<3/ Jie „,as ai

: seveivd years h

01 'i&inest. 1,1

°r''f' '^''i to LoiK

Volunteer Artijl

f '■" "1 /rolandl

;"•' f «• AbboJ
now Jiving-. j„l

/"oIvODdon ll
^ ''oJenzie'« batf

' '8^« the J,, J
'^''V- ^'i'e field
;;*'' by Canadial
J «:««H and i
"'"^ joined in ll

jear.s
I °'ff""A'd i„ i J

COl'NTY OK midhlksex.

168

NiPiwicIi townsliip in July, was tiibliid, but .subsequently considered
1111(1 iccfiinniendeti to the (rovernor.

MiUiartj OriiiOiizationn. — The first cavalry regiment was raised
i,j 1854: — No. i Troop at St. Thomas, by Capt, Bannerman, who waa
succeeded by Major Uole ; No. 2 at London, by (.'apt. lUu'gess, later
ciiiimianded by Lieut. Strothers during tlie Fenian troubles ; No. 3, of
(,'ourtwriglit, by (Japt. Bridge water, later under Major Stewart, Lieut's
Day and Fitzgerald. The Kingsville com])any was organized by Capt.
Wigle, also in 1854-, but di.sbanded shortly, was dead until 1871, when
Ciijit. Murray revived it, and later gave the command to Wigle. In
1(S72 the companies were organized as a regiment with Lieut. Col.
Cole, Major Dempster, Adjt. Neville, Quartermaster B. Higgins, Sur-
geon King and Veterinary J. H. Wilson.

In 1H56 Major H. Bruce was appointed to command the Volunteer
Rifle Ci)ni])anies at London, and Sergeant- Major W. Starr was appointed
store-keeper in 1857. In May, 1S55, James Shanly was commis-
sioned ^hijor ; J. G. Home and V. Croiiyn, Lieutenants ; and V. A.
IJniwii, Surgeon of the London Field Battery. The London Second Kifle
Company wiis commanded by Capt. A. C. Hammond, Lieutenants S.
Movley and W. C. L. Gill, with J. Macbeth, Ensign. The London
Higliliiiid liifle Company was commanded by Capt. James Mollatt,
Lieut. D. M. McDonald, Ensign VV'. Muir, and Surgeon D. McKellar.

Duncan Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1787, .served in the
Briti.sh artillery at Waterloo ; married in Scotland in 1816; came to
Canada in 1817, and Oct. 16, 1818, settled on Con. 4, London. In
18o7 he was appointed militia cajjtain, and in 1857 magistrate. For
several years he was Acting and Associate Commi.ssioner of the Court
of Bequest. In 1837 he connnanded a battery at Chippewa, was then
ordered to London, where, in 1841, he rai.sed the London Independent
Volunt(!er Artillery, which he kept up at his own expense for fifteen
years. In 1856 hv. retired, and died Aug. 2, 1875. Thomas Peel,
born in Ireland in 1826, settled at London in 1842-3. In 1843, when
Squire Mackenzie organized the first militia company of artillery, he
and A. S. Abbott were the first to join. The latter is the only member
now living. In 1841 Peel established his merchant-tailoring house,
which lie conducted until his death in 1884.

Tiie London Field Battery may be said to be the successor to Capt.
Mackenzie's battery of 1841, of which A. S. Abbott was a member.
In 1856 the jn'esent battery was organized by Col. Shanly and Major
Starr. The field guns were brought from Engkuid, being the first
used by Canadian militia. In 1866 this command was at Sarnia for
two weeks, and in later times apjieared on the frontier. Capt. Peters,
who joined in 1866, succeeded Shanly. Cap' ^jhn Williams has
serveii 22 years with the battery.

Preparing to Invade tlu; States. — Buckley's Artillery Corps was
organized in December, 1861; also the Merchants' liifle Co., with
dipt. Taylor commanding; also Major Bruce's Volunteer Corps.

154

IIISTOUY OF THK

Wliile at Strathroy, lit.-Uol. Johnston was oiii^aj^od in (lu! work of
niilitnry orj,'imizitioii Civ])t. Miicbotli's conipany wus thoroni,'Iily
oi'gani/od. In lliis luonlli also tlie leaders of tlu! militia iussenil)l('d in
one of i^awrasoii's lari^'c loonis for ]K'rfe(;lin^ themselves in military
drill. Anioiit,' the oflieers wen? : — Colonel, .1. H. Askin ; Lieut.-
Colonels, li. Lawrasoii and J. Wilson ; ('attains, H. L. Tlioini)S()n, .T.
]\ Strathy, H. Chi.sholni, VV. l-iiwrason, J. C. Meredith, Cha.s. (i Hope,
A. G Smyth; Licntenants, F. Kerl)y, Henry T^onfj, Samuel Peters,!.
H, Buckley, I). M. Tii()m])sun, J. 1?. Smyth; Knsigns, George Symonds,
E. W. Heid, J.L.Williams N. Monsamvt, H. C'ronyn, Paul Phials;
Ca])tain and Adjutant, A. Walsh.

Major James Jtivers of the London Cavalry was retired in 1861;
Cajit. A. C. Hammond of tlui Second London lliflc Co., in 1.S60 ; Lieut.
!). McDonald of London Highland liifle Co. and Lieut. Thomas O'lhiuii
London Field Battery, later.

In I8(j2, James jMoll'att and J(»hn I. Macken;;ie organized a High-
land Scotch militarj' company at Loiidon. At their joint expense this
(•omjiany was equipped and uniformed, the clothes being purchased at
(llasgow, Scotland. Mackenzie was a private and Moffatt a Cajttain.
At the time of the Trent all'air, ^Llckenzie raiscid and commanded L'n.
1, London Battalion of 7th Fusiliers, but moved to Hamilton in 1866.
He settled at London in 1853.

Til FelM'uary, ISO'J, a number of British troops, incbiding the G^lrd
Regiment, arrived at London in addition to the volunteer force of
Middlesex, and excitement in re the invasion by Americans ran so
high that the Phcenix Fire Company was converted into " a Home
Guard Rifle Company." Tlie illegal capture of Mason and Slidell ])y the
Americans in November, 18G1, and the general sympathy of Canadians
with the Southern States, almost lead tlie people of Canada into the
mesh of British diplomacy in 18(32. In fact, matters were carried to
such extremes of indignation that the whole military force of Canada and
Great Britain was ready to attempt the invasion of the Northern States
Federal diplomacy settled the trouble jiromptly, repaired the illesil
act by surrendering the capturing Southern Commissioners and admit-
ting the mistake, and local atlairs, so far as Middlesex was concerned,
allowed the British Government to withdraw the troops without fear
of a resort to arms with the United States.

In the spring of 1863 the (piestion of withdrawing the troo])s from
London was made more interest'ng by the following paragrajih in the
Governor's letter to Major-General Napier : — " I base reasons on the
assumption that a majority of members of this Council and the citizens
are .so constituted by nature that they are without any sense or
knowledge of right or wrong, of honor or j ustico, until it reaches their
understanding through their pocket." The Council denounced Governor
Williams vehemently, and contradicted many of his statements, ami
attributed to him a desire to gi'atify his own i)rivate feelings at the
expense of the Empire. This affair grew out of Mayor Cornish beating

COUNTY UK MIDDLESEX.

ir>.-

vdin l«»n;

SCO; Li<'"t'
miasO'Uvieii

nteev force ot
'^eviciins van so
into " a ll"if

,y of CaiKulwiis
inada into the
vevo earned to
ofCauaaaaud
KorUieru Slates
irecl t\ie ^^
\ers aiu\ admit-
I was coiicevued,
L without feai

and kiekiiij,' the commaiidiiiit. He would not upulogise, and so the
(jiinisdii was leinuved.

M Hilary Atf'dlrx in iSd't. — Tlie sedentiuy inihtia of the Eighth
District in 1805 claiiuetl Colonel John 11. A.skin, Commandant ; Major
Munidck MeKenzie, Assistant Adjutant-Clunerul ; Major Honry liruce,
Assistant (^Quartermaster Ceneral. The first battalion on sedentary
inilitiu in London claimed Lieutenant-Colonel L. Lawrason as ('oni-
miiiiihuit, and the second, Lieutenant-Colonel John Wilson. These
IdiMieil tlie first battalion of Middlesex militia formerly. The eight
liatlalidus of Miikllesex militia were presided over respectively by
LiiuteiiautColonels William McMillan, appointed in 1856 ; Wm.
Niks, IHoli; William (Jrr, 1855; lienjarain Springer, 1852; William
M. Joiinsnn, 1855; John Arthurs, 1852; Kichard Irwin, 1854; and
John Scatclierd, 185o, the latter ranking in militia since 1848.

On November IH, 1805, Colonel Shanly received an order to hold
the volunteers in readiness to repel the Fenian invaders. No. 2
€(ini]iany comprised Captain McPherson, Lieutenant Grilliths, Ensign
Ellis, Colov-Sergeant McGee, Sergeants McKenzie, Fitzgerald and
I'dito ; Corjiorals, Yates, I'ayne, Teele and Kolson ; Lance-Corporals,
linice, I'ewarand Mcintosh; Bugler, Smart; Privates, Collins, Neil,
Killy, Winnett, Blair, Weir, Bonthion, Fortune, Joe Kelly, Dixon,
Mutlht, McMullen, Horner, I'arker, llolston, Baker, Mitchell, Hawkins,
Munuy, Iteid, Foster, Wilson, Stewart, Cranshaw, Watson, Templeton,
Stinson, Crosby, Maddover, Burns, Cox, Mcintosh, Smith, Patterson,
(Imhiini, Shaw, Koss, Loftus, Saunders, Bogers, Carter, Cameron,
Wdodbuvy. Alway, Clark, Henderson, Short, Higby, Lawrence, Wright,
Sticke, McDowell, Jackson and Cawston. The advance guard left for
Sandwich November 18.

On November 24th the 60th British Rifles arrived at London.
This regiment, known as the King's Own Rifles, was commanded by
Viscount Ciough. The 4th Battalion, 600 men, which came to Lon-
don was commanded by Col. Hawloy. On November 29, John Mc-
Dowell, of the London Service Co., died at Windsor.

The 26th Regiment dates back to 1866 ; Capt. Graham's Delaware
Iiidfpundent Company was the nucleus of this command. In the fall
of this year it was increased to a battalion, and on Septend)er 1, went
into cam p at Thorold to re[)el the Fenians. On Sei)tember 14, it was
received as jjart of the Canada Militia with Col. Graham, commanding.
Col. Attwood succeeded him in 1870, and Col. English succeeded him
in 1882. In 1887 this command comprised 320 men and o2 officers.
The 28th Regiment was organized in 1866 to repel the Fenians.
Coiniianius 1 and 2 were called out from Stratford in 1865 to serve at
Windsor; the other companies being raised in 1866, and all placed
under Col. Service. He was succeeded by Col. Smith, who accom-
l«nied Gen. Wolseley to Manitoba in 1870. Col. Scott took command
ni 1872 and gave place to Col. McKnight.

.fl (jh'im Juke. — The so-called invasion by the Fenians dates back

156

HISTOUY OF THE

to June 1st, 1866, when a force of about 550 men crosserl Lhe Niaf,',ava
river and held Fort Erie. On .Tune 2 tliey advanced eight miles lo
Port Colborne, where the '■ Queen's Own " under Colonel Booker was
encountered. The oflicial report states that : — " On Saturday mornino
they advanced towards Port Colborne about eisj;ht miles, when they
met a force of 900 volunteers under Colonel Hooker, wlio were tin-own
into some little confusion, but afterwards retired in good order some
two miles. Tliis conflict was the battle of Pidgeway, and lasted
about one hour. The Canadian loss was seven killed and some fifty
wounded. Six dead Fenians were left on the field. Some two hours
after, the enemy retired on Fort Erie to find the jilace occupied by tlie
Port Robinson Foot Artillery, numlx ring thirty-eight men, who cnmu
in a boat from Port Colborne. The gallant little band were soon over-
powered. Seve' -1 of oiu' men were woundeu in this contest, but none
killed.* The captain of the battery had his leg am])utated yesterday
in Bnfi'alo. The Fenians then rested them.selves, threw out picket.^
along the shore, and busied themselves as they tliought best until
about twelve o'clock on Saturday night, when a lot of barges and
small boats came alongside. Into these the Fenians ru.shed pell-mell,
and escaped to the other side, with the exception of some 600 or 70(1
under guard of the American steamer Michigan. Thus ended the
invasion of Canada, in forty-eight hours after its comraenrement."

In 1866 James A. Skinner, of Hamilton, was gazetted Lieut.-Col.
of the Thirteenth Regiment, vice Col. I5uchanan retired. Speaking df
this Fenian invasion, he says that he was present at the Limeridfie
engagement with the Fenians, under Col. Booker's command. He
was ordered to advance his battalion, and was soon engaged WiHi
the enemy. On looking round, he saw, with dismay, that the Qutien'?
Own Regiment and Col. Booker had disajipeared, and later learned
that the whole outfit had AchI l)y the Fort Colborne road.

The force sent forwaril from Middlesex returned on Jmie 4tli.
The Advertiser's report is as follows : — " On arriving at Port Colborne,
the London companies were joined by two from Woodstoclc, one
fron Drumbo, one from Princeton atid one from Ingersoll, forming a
battalion of ten companies, under command of Major A. McPherson,
London. Major Gregg, of Woodstock, was appointed Senioi- Major;
Captain Beard, .lunior Major, and Lieutenant Jaa. A. Craig, Tiondoii,
acted as Adjutant. At eight o'clock on Monday night the London
volunteers anived home, per Great Western Railway, all safe and
sound, not a single casiudty having occurred to any ot them. There
must have been some 4,000 persons on the ]ilatform, who sent up a
deafening shout of welcome as the train of eighteen cars arrived. Tlie
following was the force : — Four comi)anies of the 60th Rifles ; two
companies of the 16th Regiment; five companies of the London
Volunteers ; one company Drumbo Volunteers ; two companies Wood-

son June 6th a ereat military funeral was held at Toronto,
regiment, killed un the Held, were burled that dajr.

Five members of tbi»

stock
liOiKie
torolie
sjii'eaci
attacki
square
-Afayor

of will

(he no
daniit'i'.
of (he
•AlcUriii
(heir aci
nieiit wi
The
men, wii
for Sai'ii
Vienna J
-"^fcKeiizi
under th(
-■■ (lie ISiv'dt
' at Londoi
r and 17 nil
<) and ])ro(
oil active
l^eiawaiv
On Si
entered .St
Willia,
■ Bi-'c,'iinent,
have gone
lonnds of

'0 figllt 111

'''■om Maiti

The first

remember

poor fellow,

at the dep.

('■emendousj

t>'Callag|,a,i

aiiJ the otli

i>en had q,

'landing oil,

liave ,seen

^■aniiiig to

lu June

what course

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

157

fee

A Ibe Niapava
ight miles to
;f Booker was
u'day moniing
s, wVien thiiV
o'weve thrown
,(1 order some
ay, and lasted
[\nd some fifty
)me two hours
occupied by the
men, who came
were soon ovev-
)ntest, but ""ue
tated yesterday
rew out picket?
ju^ht best until
t of barges and
•ushed peli-iiiiiil.
,mc GOO or 70(i
Thus ended tbe
nenrement."
netted Lieut.-Col.
•ed. Speaking ct
iit the Linieru^t^^
, command. He
on engaged w.tji
] that the Queen?
land later learned

I'oad.

,ed on Jmie 4tli.
at Port Colbovne,
Woodstock, one
hoersoll, forming a
ior A. McVherson,
ted Senior Maiur;
A. Craig, bondou,
night tlu." London
,ay, all safe;"*!
, ot them. Ther.
m, who sent «V ^
cars arrived. ^^^
I 60th Kifles; t^^o
cs of the boudoj'
companies Wood-

'^;:;;^embers of tbi»

stock liifles ; one company Princeton Rifles. • The whole force was
headed by the volnnteer band and a number of firemen bearing
torclies, who led the way to the drill shed, where six long tables were
sjiread with bread and cheese, hams, butter, beer, etc. The men
attacked the edibles witli a will, declaring it to be the only ' good,
.sijuare meal,' they had taken since the campaign commenced. The
Mayor ^iroposed several loyal and patriotic toasts, the most important
of which was: 'The health of our guests. Her Majesty's troops, and
the noble volunteers who have gone to the front in the hour of
danger.' The City Council deserve credit for recognizing the services
(if the volunteers in this matter. Messrs. Carling, Glackmeyer,
McBride, H. Fysh and J. B. Smyth, were e.specially conspicuous in
their activity. The noble fellows being well tired out, the entertain-
ment was not prolonged."

Tlie London Field Battery of Artillery, numbering sixty-eight
men, with guns, ammunition, horse.s, etc., left on the night of June 2
for Sarnia. The Port Stanley Marines, Captain l^llison, sixty men ;
Vienna liifles. Captain Treadley, forty men ; St. Thomas Rifles, Captain
McKenzie, sixty men, accoinjjanied the battery. This force was
under the command of Colonel Slianly. On the evening of June (Jtli
the Strathroy company, under Lieutenant-Colonel .lohnston, arrived
at London. Cai)tain Attwood, Lieutenant Stevenson, three sergeants
and 17 men of the Komoka Volunteer Rifles arrived ou G. W. R. June
I) and ]>roceeded to the Drill Shed, the balance of the company being
on active service at Sarnia, having been amalgamated with the
Delaware Rifles in March, 1860.

On SuTiday, June 15, buglers and drummers are said to have
entered St. Paul's Church during service, summoning the men to arms.

William Hyman, who came to London in 186,") with the 53rd
Regiment, sjteaking of the Fenian scare, says : — " Mfiny a Sunday 1
have gone to St. Paul's Church with my rifle on my shoulder and forty
rounds of ball ammunition in my cartridge jxnich, expecting to have
to fight my way back from the chv.rch to the barracks. W(> came
from Malta by ship to Hamilton, and thence to London by flat cars.
The first London man I met was old Mr. Wheelei-. Perlia[)s you
remember him. He had only one arm. He'.s dead and gone now,
poor fellow. Then the 60th Rifles, who were stationed here, met us
at the dejwt and gave us a bamjuet in the evening, and we had a
tremendous time. The men were (juartered then down in the old
O'Callaghan block, opposite the court-house, — that is, one wing was,
and the other was opposite in the Mackenzie buildings. Wc married
: men had (piarters in the Robinson Hall. Col. Harence was our com
raanding otticer then, and a fine fellow he wa.s, too. Many a night I
liave seen him on the streets until morning, ready at a moment'.s
warning to turn his men out."

lu .Fune, 1866, a meeting of the City Council was held to consider
what course should be pursued in case the militia were ordered to thfr

158

HISTORY OK THE

front. The Mayor was directod to consult with Col. Hawley. Col.
Bruce, who was perniittod to address the Council, recommended the
organization of a Home Guard. It appears tlie troojjs were ordered
out immediately, for on June 4 refreshments were provided, for volun-
teer and regular soldiers were to leave V)y the 7 p. m. tmin for the
front. During the excitement pistols were bought; Alderman Glack-
meyer purchasing two from Thomi)son, which were to be charged to
the city.

Col. Peters, speaking on the subject, says: — "In 18(56, during the
Fenian raid, we were ordered to Sarnia three times. Once we only
got back and got our horses unhitcheil, M'hen a telegram came to go tn
the front again. The infantry were sent down to Fort Erie. The
ciivalry were attached to the 6()th Rifles, and stayed right here in the
•city. 1 tell you we saw lots of fun then, if we hadn't any fightinj;."
Col. Taylor commanded the infantry then with Major Barber, wliile
Col. F. I'ettrs commanded the cavalry.

On June 20, 1866, the County Council gi-anted $300 to each volun-
teer coni})aiiy, while a motion to pay volunteers who "nobly responded
to the call for the defense of our lives and property, when a band of
murderers and rol)bers invaded our country" twenty-five cents per
•day for actual service after March 1, 1866, was negatived. In June,
1866 the $o{)0 grant was rescinded and an aimual appropriation for all
volunteer comjianies in the county of !?2,500 made.

On March 4, 1885, Mr. Broder, of the Ontario House, with Messrs.
Ross and Meredith, of Middlesex, pre.seTited resolutions dealing with
the volunteers of 1837-8, and 1866, asking for suitable recognition ot
their services.

After the War. — Tlie militia roll for 1867 shows a total eurolraeiit
of 9,759 men, namely : —

Adelaide 512 Nis80uri West tiOl

Biddulidi 03(5 Strathroy M:

Delaware 281 Williams East a2t:

Dordiester North .'i'JS Williams West id':

Ekfrid 513 Mosa 6H

London Ij'lTO Lobo Hi

Metcalfe 127 Westminster 1,031

Caradoc 77ti Mctlillivray "12

The Queen's Birthday of 1868 was celebrated at London by Lieut-
Col. Harence's Fifty-third Infantry, with Major Ualzell commanding:
Lieut.-Col. Sinijison's E. Battery, R. A.; Lieut.-Col. Lewis' London |
Light Infantry ; Lieut.-Col. Messitcr's Sixty-ninth Infantry; Ciiptaiii
Dempster's London Cavalry Trooji; Lieut.-Col. Shaidy's Volunteoi
Fiekl Battery. There weie 320 ni(!n in the seven com])aiii('s of tlit I
London Infantry Regiment, and thirty-five in the cavalry troo[i. I" I
June the Fifty-third Regiment left London for (^)uel)ec.

lied Riw'r Trimbles, J St;f)-70.— The Reil River party, coniini'in^ |
Joseph Howe, J. Turner, W. Mctjriegor, H. Sewell and \V. E Sail "'
started for Fort Giurv in 1869.

COUNTY or MIDDLESEX.

1.59

iwley. t,"l-
unetulcd the
were ovdeved
.d, for volun-
U-ain fov tk
jrmaix Glack-
be charged to

)Otoeachvo\un-

nobly vcs\wude4

when a band ot

tv-five cents vev

,ived. "^^ ,,
,piopviationU'iaU

^ions dealing, ^^l*
^xble recognition ot

a total enrolnien'^

On November 13, 1869, the first news of the movement to prevent
tlic entrance of Governor McDongall to the lied River settlement was
received at London.

Tlie strength of the 7th Battalion London Light Infantry, as
returned to Government by 1). A. G. Taylor in January, 1869, was
363 men, made up as follows : — No. 1 Gompany, Captain D. C. Mac-
donald, 55 men ; No. 2, Captain H. Bruce, 55 ; No. 3, Captain J.
Walker, 42 ; No. 4, Captain W. U. Meredith, 55 ; No. 5, Captain M.
I). Dawson, 49; No. 6, Captain J. A. Craig, 52; No. 7, Captain E.
Teale, 55. Total, 363 men. The actual strength of the battalion was,
liowever, put down at about 380 men, as some of the companies had
more tlian the full com])lement. Captain Demp.ster's Cavalry Troop
had re- enrolled to the required strength, and Colonel Shanly's Battery
had been numerously recruited.

On the same date the following orders were issued from th(^
Militia Department at Ottawa: — "Major W. B. Pliillips, District
(i)uartermaster, is appointed Brigiide Major of the 7th Brigade Division
of Military District No. 3, vice Shaw, resigned. Volunteer Militia of
the Province of Ontario, 7th Battalion London Light Infantry, No. 4
Company, Captain, provisionally, George Birrell, vice W. R. Meredith,
dismissed ; to be Lieutenant, William Port, gentleman, M.S., vice R.
Meredith, resigned ; to be Ensign, provisionally, James Magee Yates,
gentUiuian, vice ( '. S. Corrigan, resigned."

On April 6, 1870, a .statement, referring to the disruption of the
Seventh Battalion of volunteers, was signed by a number of the late
otiicers of tiie organization, namely: — D. C. Macdonald, W. R. Mere-
ilitii, James A. Craig, Harry Bruce, E. T. Teale, Captains ; Thomas
N. (jreene, K. M. Meredith and C. Bennett, Lieutenants, and C. S.
Corrijran, Ensign. The statement was drawn out by the reflections
made V>y tlie Minister of Militia in Parliament on the command.

On Ajiril 12, 1870, the London P>attery was ordered out to repel a
;;4 threatened invasion of Canada by the Fenians, and on the 14th left
f; for Saniia under Col. Shanly and Capt. Peters. On April 14, 1870,
the Dominion Parliament suspended the Habeas Corpus and adopted
other measures to meet the threatened Fenian invasion of Canada.
0-1 May 26, 1870, the right half of the London Field Battery
returned to Sarnia under Capt. Peters, while Major Cole's St. Thomas
^;i; Ca\alry troo]) of tlnrty-five men, proceeded to Windsor. On June
;: 2iid Lieut.- C(d. Taylor recalled tlie battery, cavalry and all, from the
frontier. A great meeting was held at London April 9, 1870, to con-
sider the question of tlie Red Kiver troubles.

In May, 1870, volunteers for the North-west flocked toward the
: lendezvous at London, and on May 5, left for Toronto in charge of
t'lluiiel MoHiitt. Among the volunteers were twenty men of the
'^'\i'iith liattalion, namely: — Jose])h F. Tennant, Thomas Bayles,
• uMiige Taylor, Josejdi Tuson, W. Mills, William Patterson, John
Mi'Doiiald, John Cotter, Lawrence McGovern, James Barnes, Ambrose
U

160

HISTORY OF THE

Stock, Jas. H. Cadhani, lioger Tuson, E. Rousell, G. T. \i, Josi'iih
Tolhurst, D. CainjilHill, VV. Wilson, Captain J. H. Campbell, M. I).,
John Cameron, John Mitchell.

In December, 1874, Wm. A. Farnier, of Manitoba, sent in lii>i
application for the reward ofl'ered by Middlesex fur tht^ ai)prehensioii
of Kiel, who, it is allecjed, ordered the execution (jf Thomas Scott.

Militia 1870-82.— Tha First Brigade Division in 1870-1, of
Military District No. 1, comprised the regimental divisions of Essex,
Kent, Bothwell, Lambton, West, North and East Ridings of Middlesu.x,
West and East Hidings of Elgin, North and South Ridings of Oxford,
and London City. The quota of the 1st and 2nd Brigade Divisions,
of District No. 1, wiis 5,517. The ofhcers comprised Lieut.-Col. John
B. Taylor, D. A. G. ; Cajjt. F. B. Leys, District l*aymaster ; Lieul.-
Col. James Molfatt, Brigade Major. The 26th Middlesex Battalion ;—
Lieut.-Col. Wm. Graham and Major Peter H. Attwood, had hcml-
(juarters at London ; No. 1 Com))any, Delaware, was commanded by
Captain Wm. Cox ; No. '1, K.omoka, John Steven.son ; No. 3, Haniels-
ville, John McMillan; No. 4, Thamesford, Captain Thomas Dawes,
No. 5, Lucan, Captain John C. Frank ; No. 6, Parkhill, Captain Jo3,
Cornell; No. 7, Strathroy, Captain John English; Paymaster, J nines
Johnson; Adjutant, W. F. Bnllen; (jjuartermaister, Frank Huglisun;
Surgeon.s, Geo. Billington and James A. Sommerville.

The 26th Battalion, assembled at Strathroy in September, 187i),
was made up as follows: — Lieut -Colonel Attwood, Major English,
Surgeons Billington and Hoare, Paymaster C. Murray, Quarternia.stei,
Cuddy and Adjutant J. Cameron. The 26th Band was also, of course,
in attendance. The entire Battalion numbered al)ont 300, consisting'
of seven companies, as follows: — No. 1, Delaware, Captain Ganiett,
Lieut. Harris, Ensign Mcintosh ; No. 2, Napier, Captivin Lindsay,
Lieut. Beer, Ensign Dunlap; No. 3, Harrietsville, ('apt. McMillan,
Lieut. Choate, Ensign Nugent; No. 4, Thamesfonl, Captain Brown,
Lieut. Douglas, Ensign Holmes; No. 5, Lucan, Captain McMillan;
No. 6, Parkhill, Captain McKellar, Lieut. Johnston, Ensign Johnson;
No. 7, Strathroy, Captain Irwin, Lieut. D. M. Cameron and Eiisii;ii
McKay.

The first regiment of Cavalry was commanded in 1882 by Lieut-
Col. J. Cole, with Major F. Peters in command of troop No. 2, and i
Major Stewart of troop No. 3. The London Field Battery was com-
manded at this time by Major Peters.

The 7th Battalion, or Fusiliers, claimed in 1882 a force of 28
officers and 301 men, the members present at annual drill being Si |
and 289 respectively. Liout.-Col. John Walker commanded, wif
Captains Smith, Miller, McKen^ie, Macbeth, Gartshore, Peel anii|
Mahon, all of London.

The 25th Battalion, or Elgin Infantry, was commanded in 1882 1
Lieut.-Col. O'Malley, of Wardsville; Captains Ellis, Watt, WeislmJ.!
Moore and Lindsay, of St. Thomas. The actual strength at insjiection j
was 18 officers and 170 men.

comu

ware,

Avon,

men.

^(iT(^. i

breeds,

some s(

of obta

police f(

what tJi

'"g nam

f'lis fore

StiLson,

'IfcCallui

H. Wooa

^rbuckJe,

arrival tlii

'o carry o,

The J,a

years for tj

fo captui'o

''eforo ad(ir,

forniity wit

fintidjlatiii..

would ^,
forced th

e/j

the

■o'Jey into

enraged

"lentanddej
'"Emitted thf
needleasly \^,
,«enger to P;

reniovec

Jore th
Individ

added
bra

e nie.sl
ual i\I

that

J^.^e been sla]
"'as that!
a'ternatl

f''"P«'gn. the)

%lit
otiiei

■ ftmij

les. wj
ont wa.s

COUNTY OF MIUDLESliX.

IGl

IV, ^im'\^
,be\l, M- 1^-

sent in Uis
'avpve\vensioii
as Scott.
,1 1870-1, of
ons of Essex,
aoaiidtex,
lap of Oxford,
nule Divisious,
icut..Col ;lol|U

master; Lu-ut-
,ex battalion :-

,-ood, ^''^^i^rf;

commanded iiy

^o. 3, Havnets-
Thomas Daw-s-
■ill Captain .)o3.
..w'mastor, Jauies

VvankHugliso"-

September, l87o,
eV Maior Vm^^'
ov Quartermastev,
^^sa\so.ofcours«,
t>ut 300, consiswv,
r Captain Ganiett
'' CapUin LuuUa},

a Captain Bvo«i>,
tptain McMi^^'">'
■^ &^n Johnson;

Le;ou"aud Y^^f '

Lin 1882 by to;^
! of troop ^0.2,
' Battery ^vas com |

|l882 a force of 'M
l,ual driU hem^^
Ir commanM^y
iartshore, l««'

bps-

The 26th Battalion, or Middlesex Light Infantry, in 1882, was
commanded by Lieut.-Col. Attwood, with Captains Garnett, of Dela-
ware, Choate, of Han'ietsville, Dreaney, of Crumlin, and Wood, of
Avon. The force present at inspection drill was 12 officers and 154
men.

North-west Troubles of 188,5.— The North-west troubles of 1885
were in some resjiecLs, so far as the evils coiiii)lained of by the half-
breed.s, similar to those of Ontario of 18:>7-8. They had grievances,
some sentimental, some real, for which they songht redress. Instead
of obtaining any of the favors looked for, they beheld the mounted
police force strengthened and ])rej)arations made for reducing them to
what they considered a state of servitude. In May, 1885, the follow-
ing named thirty-one men left London, Wyoming and Komoka, to join
this force : — James Armstrong, J. F. Forbes, VV. McCalluni, J. W.
Stilson, E. McKenzie, H. H. Ellerton, G. W. Steele, J. Barber, D. A.
McCallum, H. Bertram, H. A. Fletcher, J. Johnston, McCall, H.
(Jreeii, R. C. Curry, W. C. Maker, H. Craig, J. Lancaster, I'at Naven,
H. Woodward, Pain, Stansfield, Short, i\icLellan, W. H. Mason, A.
Arbuckle, D. Steel, W. E. Heron, A. Heron, J. Collins. Before their
arrival this i)etty insurrection took ])lace. Eiel, the leader, intended
to carry on this agitation without the shetlding of blood.

The half-breeds, Eiel maintained, had sti'uggled unsuccessfully for
years for the attainment of their rights, and as a last resort determined
to capture Major Crozier and the Mounted Police of Prince Albert,
before addressing themselves to the authorities at Ottawa. In con-
formity with this plan, the half-breeds assembled at Duck Lake, never
anticii)ating firing a shot, but wi-re confident that the handful of police
would gladly lay down their arms. Unfortunately, however, Crozier
forced the fighting, and without a word of warning, ])oured a murderous
volley into the concealed foe. Smarting under the loss of a companion,
the enraged and now uncontrollable half-breeds returned the compli-
ment and defeated the volunteers and police in short space. Eiel, who
admitted that he j)articipated in the engagement, added that Crozier
needlessly left the dead upon the field. He subseiiuently sent a mes-
senger to Prince Albert, assuring the authorities that the bodies could
be removed without molestation on his part. Sanderson, the man who
'oore the message, met with ill success, and in ciimping with another
individual days after, conveyed the bodies to Prince Albert. Eiel
added that a number of Indians participati^d and displayed great
bravery. He also maintained that the wounded on the field would
have been slaughtered but for his interference. The result of the first
%ht was that fighting was pushed upon the half-breeds, who had no
other alternative than to defend themselves. Throughout the entire
campaign, the principle of self-defense was advocated, and the half-
hreeds unanimously agreed to act oidy in the preservation of their
families. When the near approach of Middleton was learned, Gabriel
lliimont was sent out to reconnoitre, with positive instructions not to

162

HISTOIiY OK I'llK

givo battle. The imi)etuous half-breed, however, disobeyed, and witli
only sixty lolloweis, held several hundred volunteers and artillerymen
at bay. His entire force at liatoche never exceeded four hundred and
fifty, not including one hundred and fifty others stationed on the oppo-
site bank of the river in anticipation of an attack from that point.

Although the police and volunteers were signally defeated, their
organization earned them through to success until the half-breeds and
Indians were scattered. Subsequently many of the leaders were made
prisoners, and ultimately Louis Kiel himself was Ciiptured, tried for
iiigh treason and hanged. During his im|)risonment he was denied
all intercourse with the world outside his cell, even the press reporters
being denied admittance.

It is said that Gen. Middleton would have lost his artillery, had
not a Connecticut man, named Howard, opened on the half-breeds
with the Gatling gun.

In April, 18S5, the 7th Fusiliers left London for the North-west.
The staff comprised W. De Eay Williams, Lieut.-Colonel ; Majors
ymith and Gartshore, Adjutant Reid, (Quartermaster Smyth and Surgeon
Fraser The Captains were Ed. McKenzie, Frank Butler, Thomas H.
Tracy, Captain Dillon and S. Frank Peters. The Lieutenants were
Bapty and Bazan, Chisholni and Gregg, Cox and I'ayne, Hesketh,
Jones and Pojje. The Statf-sergeants were Sergeant-Major Byrne,
Paymaster-Sergeant W. H. Smith, Quartermaster-Sergeant J. Jury;
Sergeant of Ambulance, A. Campbell ; Sergeant of Pioneers, M. Cotter.
The private troops were Color-Sergeant A. Jackson, Sergeant James
Becroft, Corporal C. G. Armstrong ; Privates Geo. Chapman, Edward
Harrison, A. Leslie, Cliarles Pugh, H. Pennington, George Rogers, W.
Schabacker, C. F. Williams, Walter Wright, Frank Sadler and Lang-
ford; Color-Sergeant Thos. Goold, Sergeants McClintock, John Harris,
Joseph O'Roake, Coi7)orals A. E. Walker, W. Dyson and James
Goold; Lance-Corporals Joseph Amor and Wm. Brown; Privates
Hugh McRoberts, James Ford, H. Arbuckle, J. 1. Walker, James
Johnston, J. F. Gray, 11. Westaway, Patrick Neil, Charles Totter, W.
D. Crofts, A. Davis, A. McKoberts, James Lozier, T. R. li.irdwood, F.
Young, Thos. Live.sey, W. Beaver, W. Andrew.s, W, Ferguson, George
Davis, A. Somerville ; Sergeants Anundson and Anglin ; Corporal
McDonald; Privates Wanless, Jones, Pennington, Fysli, Burns, Atkin-
son, Dignan, Kidder, Burke, Hanson, McC'oomb, Graham, Mercer,
Kirkendale, Ryan, Cajsar, Pettit, Wright, Smyth and J. A. Muirhead;
Sergeant Borland, Corporals Richards, McDonald and Bayley ; Privates
Lister, Moore, Mills, Smith, McCartliy, Pennington, Macbeth, Webb,
R. Smith, Lowe, McCormick, G. Westland, Benson, Cowan, Ir()n.?ide3,
Allen, Mitchell, Howard, Davis, Smith, Labatt, E. P. Dignan, C. D.
Gower, Carey, Gregg, Carnegie and W. Owen ; Sergeants Jacobs, |
Summers and Neilson; Corporals Field, Rowland and Opled; Pri-
vates Jacobs, Tennant, Best, Dickenson, Walton, Martin, .lohnsoii,
Moriarity, Peden, Kenneally, Cassidy, Norfolk, Haydeu, A. McNaiiwni.

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX.

163

d, and witli
irtillevymeu
lundrcd and
on the oppo-
it point,
efeated, tlieit
,\{-breeds and
rs were nuide
avcd, tried for
le was denied
,res3 reporters

.^e North-west,
ilonel; Majors
VthandSurgeou

:tler, Thomas H.

ieuteuants Nvere

L>aync, Heskedi,

ut-Majov Byrne,

■v-reant J. -I^^'y'

others, M. CotH.

I Sergeant Jame

Uapman, EdNvard

eor^e Rogers, «•

Sadler and Lang-

cuck, -Tolm Vlarns,

>yson and James

Brown-, Privates

Walker, Jam ?

l:Uarle^ Vottcr W

11 li.irdwood, t.

Vcrguson. George

lAnglin; Oorp-v^'^

L,\,: Burns, Atkm-

f Gi'ahani, Mevcoj

d J. A.MuuW

Uayleyil^'j;;;:
1,1 Macbeth, ^^!^"
' Cowan, lvoiv^)Jj
■ l> Dignan, t.. ^^
1 Sergeants Jacj^.
d and Opled; I"
f Martin! Jol"-;'
' ;den, A. McNama«^

Hall, Quick, W. Wriolit, Cowie, Appleyard, llichardsoti, Northy,
Stinchcninb, Thwaite, lialph, Beetham, Walton, Sinnott, Rowason
and McNamara; Sergeant Line, Privates H. Mills, T. MilLs, Stansfield,
Black, Collins, Co])per, Geovf^e (,'lark, Connell, Dunkin, Flavin, Hani-
gan, Keenan, Land, Lalley, Lovell, Morkin, Thomas, Wriglit, Wilson,
Brown, Crawford, W. Wriglit and J. Clark ; (.'olor-Scrgeant Borland,
Sergeants Lynch and Fuller ; Corporals Ham.son and Lyman; Privates
Allisfin, Ban'ell, Bigger, Borland, Brazier, Blackbnrn, Dickens, Duval,
EsiBex, Hicks, Hood, Hutchinson, McCntchoon, McCoy, McPherson,
Macdonald, Parkinson, Pickles, Pate, Robertson, Steele, W, Smith,
Teny, Wliittaker and Woodall.

On the return of this command a .streamer was stretched across
the street from Hyman's shoe factory. Gn this was printed the motto,
in honor of one of the volunteers who worked there, whose name
is given in this list — " Are you there, Moriarity i" The regiment re-
turned in July, 18S5, when a great reception was tendered to the
oilicers and men.

In 1873 Major Albert M. Smith was commissioned Ensign of
the 7th Fusiliers, and since that time has been connected with the
command. Evan Evans, who settled at London in 1849 a.s a dis-
charged soldier, died July .3, 1882. In IS.ll he was comiuis.sioned
Lieutenant in the 12th Middlesex Battalion, and in 1856, when Col.
Moiiatt raiseil the Highland Rifle Company, he was Drill-master, lie
was caretaker of military stores for the District up to 1882, and was
Sergeant-Major and Drill-master for the 7th Fusiliers.

Mayor William Starr, ])orn in Ireland in IS 12, came to Canada
withKoyal Artillery, and to London in 1840, when he was known as
"the veteran storekeeper of No. 1 District." His death occurred in
February, 1884.

Captain A. McRae, who accompanied the Canadian Voyageurs to
Egypt, returned to London in May, 1885.

In November, 1888, it was reported that the 7th Battalion would
pass out of existence prior to the close of the year, and that a new
regiment would b(* formed. Colonel Williams places the onus of the
Battalion's present condition upon the shouldei-s of one of the officers.

Military School. — The new Military School was opened March .'!l,

1888. In 1S86 an order was issued establishing a school here, and

building begun May 5, 1880. Col. Henry Smith was commissioned

Commandant The two million bricks used were manufactured by

, Walker P.ros., while Hook & Toll were the main contractors.

The sale of the Military Grounds was conducted .Tune 1, 1888, by
^ Auctioneer McElheran, when twenty-three lots realized .^35,414.50.
I The remaining part of the Grdnance Lands, facing Victoria Park and
1 Princess avenue, was sold in lots by auction, and brought very good
1 prices, exceeding the expectations of the London Trust, in whose hands
the matter rested. The total amount realized from the sale of these
l'"i(is has been nearly $52,000. This was the block of land which the

164

HISTOKY OK THK,

Ground. The r-ce ,...d f«^*«. ,,, „, l„„,,„„ ,,a. doa,^'! ».'!"» •
S:S,T»rSoo\^Uy£e»n,.cU.,.,.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

165

CHAITER TX.

THE NEWSrAI'EU PRESS.

The first newspaper printed in English in Canada was the Gazette,
at (i)uobec, in 1776, the press being brought from Philadelphia by a
Mr.'Hrown. The Quebec Herald followed in 1788 and the Montreal
Gazette, printed in French, was issued the same year by M. Mesplet,
while Le Temps, in French and English, was its contenipomry. Thomas
Carev established the Mercury at Quebec in 1804. The Canadien
was issued in 1806, and continued publication until the office was
confiscated by the Government in 1810, two years after the Canadien
Couravt was founded at Montreal. In 1807 the Royal Gazette and
Nevfoundland Advertiser was issued, and the pioneer press circle of
the Lower Provinces and of Newfoimdland was placed on an enduring
basis.

Tlie pioneer journal of Upper Canada was The Upper Canada
Gazette oi' American Oracle, issued April 18, 1793, with Gideon
Tilliiny editor, and Governor Simcoe projirietor. The extent of the
piipularity of the Oracle outside the official circle, may be learned
from the fact that when Rochefoucault visited Kingston in 1795 there
was not a single subscriber to, or reader of, it in that settlement.
In 1807 an Irish Tory (Joseph Wilcox) established at Newark the
Upper Canada Guardian. This Wilcox was Sheriff of the Home
District, who, on account of some irregularity in office, was dismissed.
Later he was a member of Parliament in opposition to the Govern-
ment; fought against the Americans at Queenston in 1812, but later
desertetl to the enemy, taking with him his command, and served the
yoinij; Union until killed at Fort Erie. The York Gazette was issued
by Cameron & Bennett at York as early as 1801. The Kingston
Gazette, issued by S. Miles and C. Kendall, Sept. 25, 1810, was the
only Upper Canada paper from April, 1813, to 1816, when the Govern-
ment Gazette was revived. In 1820 the Recorder was founded. In
March, ISl'.t, tlie Kingston Chronicle and also the Upper Canada
Hernhl appeared, and in May the Kinf/sfon Gazette and Religious
Advocate. In May, 1824, the Colonial Advocate a]>j)Qiirc(i. The next
papers issued were the Christian Guardian and the Patriot in 1829,
I then the Chronicle and News, next the Hallowell Free Press in 1H30,
[the Caiuulian Watchm,an, August 18, 1830, and thaw the LoJidon
1 Su7i in 1831. The Bmfish Whig was the first daily journal published
in Upper Canada, but its influence, like itself, was small, and its dura-
1 lion short.

The pioneer papers named contained very little local information.
IMany of tlie pioneers wanted news from the States, from which they
|were driven by laws which could not recognize the rights a native

166

IlISTOUY OF TUK

enemy of his country possessed ; men of the governing class wantcil
news from Ireland or from Enfrhuul. Canada was a waste, a haven,
whore l)oth <^ovornor and <,'overned found refuge from the })olitical or
financial storms which drove them across the laktjs or the ociiii.
Local news was not sou<,'lit for, and the pioneer ])ulilishers had Just
sufficient sense to satisfy their few readers. With the year 1831,
however, came a change. The Colonial Advocate of 1824 suggcstwi
gome new ideas, hut the action of the government i)arty of 1820, in
having the press and type taken from the office and dumped into
Lake Ontario, taught a general Ifsson which was learned by the peopki
slowly, and five years later began to bear fruit. To counteract or su]i.
port this lesson, to further the growing idea of responsible governniunt,
or check it in its youth, several pa])ers were brought into existence,
and Canadian politics became a dei»<irtment of newspaper work, llow
the department did increase from 1831 to 1837, when the Lilieml
newspa])ers were silenced ! It was a continuous war of written wonis
between the advociites of princi])les, which resullt-d in the tenipoiiiiv
overthrow of the lieformers, and, five years later, in the total rout of
the Comi)act-Tory Conservatives of the old school. Then the ])ioiifiers
of Upper Canada realized for the first time the power of the press,
and the people, comparatively unshackled, exclaimed . —

Mightie.st of the niiglity means,

On which the arm of progress leans,
Man's noblent mission to advance.
His woes assuage, iiis weal enhance.
His rights enforce, his wrongs redress —
Mightiest of mighty is the Press !

The first newspaper ])ublished in the London District was the Lon-
don Sun, issued in 1831, from the primitive building which tliuii
stood ,just east of Abraham Carroll's hotel, on Dinidas street. The
credit of establishing this pioneer journal is given to Edward A. Tallwt,
a native of Tipperary County, Ireland, who came to Canada in 181:*,
when seventeen years old, as a member of the Talbot colony. A Mr,
Keel had some undetermined connection with the Hun, but youii:'
Talbot was editor. The old hand-press was the wonder of the \\\hy
as well as of the Thames country, and it is related that on day of is.siii-,
the office would be crowded with a sight-seeing crowd.

Mr. Bousted started a paper in 1833, and in the fall of that toi
Robert Summers advertised Gilbert Showers' notes as frauiluleiii
The office was on the south side of King street, opposite the square;
but the name of the paper and the dates of its beginning and end can- i
not be stated positively.

The Gazette is said to have been published in 1837, by G, Hj
Hackstaff. William Thompson, of Dorchestei', states that his futliffj
was a subscriber at the time. W. H. Niles remembers the location [
of the office on the west side of Ridout, north of Dundas.

The London Freeman's Journal was founded in 1839, by Edwai^

A. Tiilhoi

II) Die KV

'I'lioman J

i<( (ml/as

""tnnd to

liM'dii'r J<;,|

I'^'A but (

''""1 till; o/i
''''""■/I hiiil

" (•'■iiTier's 2\

/'"ntiny of I

'""iii bi'iiig ,1

'""'til oi Ihii

^'Ondoi,. .

"■a.s tlien ]nih

«;niorofj;ic)

Churcli.

"le Jiittei' dym

fo London in \

•'''"'^'. t'i(^n Ilea;

fi;«-t; wa.s su

1^6, 8: was I

London Thnes

. ^ atriarcJi of i

in the record.,

, Cmvley was

t ^}J^<^'- In M
■» f^eoi'Talhotstl
j be.n^st,Jl eclitoj

■ ^'^Vp '- "^"t shari

'""^''■'^'■i--sidentc

"'as issued Decvi

"'.f^' extract .w/i

'"" advocate tlil

!''^W''es3 of LeoisI

f ""ed, can be '
'"['■ "''"'cJ' l.y b.'

2 and unfetter J
P system of p|

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

167

ilass wiintt'd

stAJ, rt ^^'»'^'*'"'
^0 political or

i- Uic oca".
,ev3 bad just
le yeav \^^'\
824 suj;?i!sU'rt

ty of l^'-i'"'; '"
dumped into

I by the T"'"r'^
t,iti",ract c)V m^
,\(> (tovevumiint,
t into existence,
,,evWovk. Uow
hen the LU'^'W^
„f written wovds
i„ the teniV'f y
t\,e total rout o
'\^en t\w \>io"fi>^"
^cv of the I'Vi^s^-

to Canada uil^-
hot colony. -^ •" ;

e .Sun. but ymuvi
|thatondayol>^^*'
^T^\.A\ of tluit veirt.

jinnuig ana tu
L i^^ ^«^^' )^ fail

A. Tiill)ut, whose name is mentioned as introduciiiu; the first newspaper
ill tlic Kiie I'cninsula. In 18SG lii.s brother John inaugurated the »S7,
Thomas Liheml, which lie carried on until the defeat of the I'atriots
iit C.alhus Hill, when he tied to the United States. It would be very
iiiitnrai to suppose that the oflice beoanie the property of his yoinij,'er
brutlim' Edward, ami that the latter bi'ough'. the material to Loiulon.

The Westunt Globe, by George Urown, was jirintiHl. at Toronto in
lS4.'i, hut dated iit London, when it was distributed hy W. H. Niles
from tlu^ otlice at the north-east corner of Dundas anil Kidout. (iordon
Bnnvii had charge in 1840-6, before Mr. Nilcis was ajiixiinted agent.

The r(U)('(7<f /<(7if(('(T was issued in August, 1838, and the first
"Carrier's New Year's Address" was issued Jati. 1, 1841. The village
print lug of 1S43 was contracted for by G. H. liackstalf, at £14, his
bond being £100. His oftice was then on tlit! west side of ilidout,
north of Dundas, but far back on the building lot.

London Enquirer, Vol. 5, No. 50, bears date July 19, 1844. It
was then publislietl by Geo. H. Hackstail', whose oftice was at the
corner of liichmond and North Streets, nearly opposite the Plnglish
Church.

The Timen, in 1844, was published by H. Lemon and D. \V. Hart,
tlu! latter dying recently near Brantford, Ont. Dr. John Salter came
to Lonilon in IS:!"), ancl engaged as clerk in Lyman, Farr & Co.'s drug
store, then near the court-house. Subsequently he oi)ened on Kidout
street ; was surgeon to the London garrison during the rebellion of
1837-8 : was burned out in the fire of 1845 ; later was editor of the
London Tiviea under Mr. Cowley, but through all was known as the
"ratriarchof Druggists " until his death, April 13, 18S1. An entry
in the records of the Council, bearing date 1847, states that Joseph
Cowley was jjaid £5 1 3s. 9d. for county advertising in the London
Times. In 1853 the 7'im&s office was in a frame building on the west
side of Talbot street, on the corner of North, or Carling street, Mr. Hart
being still editor, with Joseph Morey foreman.

The Gonpd Messenger was published here in 1848 by John U.
Lavell, but shared the fate of nearly all such periodical journals

The CatKulixut Free Press was founded by William Sutherlanil
(now a resident of Ekfrid township), January '1, 1849. The prospectus
was issued December 20, 1848, and from this document is the follow-
ing extract: — " Its character, as its name implies, will be Liberal. It
will advocate those principles and measures which aim at the safe
I progress of Legislation and Government towards their true end : ' TJie
jsfrea<csf jHrnihle good to tlie greatest possible number.' This, it is
jassimied, can be gained only by maintaining the Provincial Constitu-
Ition, wliich by bringing the increasing intelligence of the community
ito bear upon the administration by means of their representatives, con-
Istitutes Parlianieatary or Kesponsible Government ; by the indepen-
Went and unfettered exerci.se of the elective franchise ; by an enlight-
lened system of popular education ; by securing on all politictil and

16S

HISTORY OK TIIK

economical qtiestions libortv and Pipiality, in opposition to all exclusive
aims of parties, classes or relif^ions (Kiiioininations ; and by setting free
our coinnierco, enterjiriso iind intellifjenoe from all those obstruct long
by which their devcjlojwnent has been hitherto so lojij^ and so Rrently
retarded."

The early issues were printed weekly, on sheets 26x40 inches.
The ])rice was fifteen sliillinj,'s ])er aimum, or twelve shillings and six
pence, if ])aid in advance. Local news was entirely a secondary cnn-
sideration, and should be of marked importance to receive any notice
whatever. General ]K)litical new.s, both ('anadianand British, occupied
much sjjace. The history of the Frens since 1M."»2, is the history of its
second proprietor from 1S52 to the present time.

The editor of the Free Prens, Josiah lilackburn, born at London,
England, in 1H23, came to Canada in 1850 ; was connected with the
Stiir, of Paris, Out., in LS51, and in 1852 purchased the Free J'resi
oflice. Shortly after, he assisted in the establishment of the Chronicle,
at Ingersoll; in 1855 inaugurated the Daily Frex Prf's«, which he
conducted on his own party princij)les— then Reform. In 185S he
was defeated by Marcus Talbot in the contest for ])arliamentary honors.
In 1862 he was called to conduct the Mercury, a Government organ,
and ten ycsars later was asked to aid in establishing the Mail, at
Toronto. In 1884 he was a member of the committee sent to Wash-
ington to report on the system of public printing. When (Jeo. lirown
opposed the Coalition Government, Mr. Blackburn cast oil' his Keforra
dress and assumed that of the Conservatives, the same which the Fm
Press of today wears.

The early years of the Free Pre^a after it became the })roperty of the
Blackburns are well portrayed by Harry (iorman in his newsjiaper
reminiscences. He says : — " My newspaper experience in London
dates back to 1853, when I engaged with .losiah Blackburn, of the
Free Press, as an apprentice. At that time the Free Press oflice was
in a small, one-story brick building on Talbot street, immediat(;ly in
rear of what was then the It. it I). Macfie's dry goods store, now
Somerville's grocery, I believe. Its rival, the Times, occupied a frame
building oti the opposite side of the street, at the corner of Caiiing
street, then called North street. It was edited by a Mr. Hart, and Joe
Morey, well known to old-time London journalists, was foreman.
When I entered the Free Press office the whole force consisted of Mr.
Pierson, foreman ; Jim Sisterson and Mel. Dawson (now Col. Daw.son),
journeymen ; and Bill Quinton, Jack Sparling and myself, apprentices.
Blackburn was editor, reporter, proof-reader, book-keeper, collector and
canvassing agent, and knows what it is to run a country newspaper
when money is scarce and roads had. I assisted at the setting upol
the first power press used in a London printing oflice. It was a North-
rup stop-cylinder, with a capacity of probal)ly 600 an hour, ami a
regular corn-crusher. Prior to its erection the Free Press weekly, f<"
it had then only a weekly edition, was worked off on a Washington

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

169

le iiroperty of the
n his newsvaiwr
ience in l^ondnn
[ilackburn, of tlie
Press oflice was
iinmtHliat»'ly in
i-oods stove, no«
occupied a tvarae
Icovner of Oarlin?
Mr. Hart, and .loe
pts. was foreman.
e consisted of W-
now Col. Dawson),
lyself, apprentices,
leper, collector and

,ouutvy nesvspape

the settin- «1> J

It was a Nor*

lO an hour.amU

Press wiickly, i'"

on a Waslu":-^""

hunil press, iin athletic colored man, Hayden Wattcra by name, maiiipu-
latiiij,' the Itiver, Sparlinj,' and I responding to tho call of 'color,'
flyinij tlio sheets and foldinf;. In TA or T) the firat daily was issued
ill London from the fVee PresH office. I set type on it. 1 cannot
recall the naint^s of nil who workeil on it at that particular time, but I
think tlie late Tom Neil was anionj; the number, also Thomas Coll'ey,
and very jirobably Sistei-son and Dawson. E. P. Kotlen, now a civic
officer in Toronto, was one of the early compositors on the daily Free
Press."

In October, 18/j1, a banquet closed tho fair, and at this reunion a
tojist— '/'//(' Press, the Paluulluvi of Liberty — was <»iven. A Mr.
Thomson, of the Free Press, responded. He said that he regarded
agriculture as the noblest occupation of man. It was indeed a divine
injunction to " till the garden and to keep it." He referred to the
extent of the I'rovince.s — larger than Europe — to their agricultural
capacities and great natural resources, and the place of Empire which
Canada is destined to hold among the nations of the earth. He gave
as a sentiment : — Agriculture and an Indeiteiident Press, may they
both prosper till Canada shall be celebrated for her national wealth
and her free institutions.

The editorial stall' of the Free Press comprises managing director and
editor-in-chief, Josiah Blackburn ; assistant-editor, Malcolm S. Bremner ;
city (jditor, Jolin 8. Dewar ; night editor, Fred. T. Yealland ; agricul-
tural editor, Wm. L. Brown ; reportei's, Chas. F. Winlow and George
Millar. The business department comprises Henry Mathewson, secre-
tary-treasurer ; Gilbert E. Coomb.s, accountant; J. C. Markle, assistant
book-keeper; A. C. Peel, day mail clerk; Chas. Norman, night mail-
clerk; \V. J. Blackburn, manager advertising department; H. B.
Coombs, advertising department, and Thomas Orr, manager of mechani-
cal department. In the news dejiartment, Alex. J. Bremner is day
foreman, and James Lindsay and P. J. Qinnn, night foremen. In the
IxKik and job de])artments the following named are the overseers : —
T. H. Warren (foienian), >Iarry Ferns, J. W. Thor])e and Charles Doe.
Charles Brown i.s foriiman of ])ress room ; George Taylor and Walter
Pinnell, engineers. 'J'lie travellers' department comprises Samuel H,
Muirhead, Robinson J. Orr and Geo. H. Mathew.son, v th Frank H.
Wlietter, collector. The lithographic department is presided over by
Joim A. Mnirhead, with W. H. Margetts, foreman of artists' depart-
ment; Hugh E. Ashton, of transfer department; .Fames Filby, of
press department, and H. V. :Mevius, of engraving department. T. W.
Elliott is foreman of the wood engraving division ; Geo. Webster,
stock- keeper.

The Protofijpe. — In January, 1861, the Council passed resolutions
of thanks to tlie editors of the Press and Prototype, and to reporters
Siddons and Wilson, for excellent reports during the year. In 1863
tlie London News was included in this vote of thanks.

In February, 1870, the Prototype ceased to be a morning paper.

170

HISTOKY OK THE

and was issued as an evening ne\vsi)a]ier, under the name ITerakl apfl
Prototjiiw. Melville D. Dawson became interested in the jiaper at
this time. Harry Gorniiin, speaking of this journal in 1861, says :—
" London hiid then two morning ])a])ers — in name ^nly — the Free Pivsn
and PrototiJiH'. Neither of them received thcmidnight telegrapliic
reports, and, as a consequence, were little better than evening papers
published the following morning." The Heiuhl ollice was burned
September 10, 1S78, and much valual)le ]iroperty destroyed, includ-
ing the Synod journal of the English .hurch.

The Semi-Weekl ij Herald was a favorite newspaper in 1.S5C-7, liy
Elliot & Cooper, but its duration was only for a few years. The office
was then in the old Commercial Islock, better known as the Coole block.

The EvcDKjelical Witness was the predecessor and contempumry
of the A'ews with Eev. J. H. liobinson, editor. This paper was the
organ of the New Connexion Methodists, and continued in existence
until the union. After the collapse of the Xews, Mr. Robinson con-
tinued the Witness at the old office on Dundas street west, about
where the Parisian Laundry now is, but eventually found the work too
heavy, and wanted to get rid of it. John (Jameron, who had served
his time in the Free Press, and afterwards worked for Gennnill, in
Sarnia, came one day and asked him if he did not want souk; one to
take charge. It occurred to him that Cameron was the win he
wanted, and he was given charge. Mr. liobiiLson's health .•seemed to
to get worse rather tlian better, and so one day he jiroposed to Cainuron
that he should buy the establishment, paying therefor by jirinting the
Evanf/elical Witness. This arrangement was carried out, and Mr,
Cameron shortly after proposed to start a daily paper — a paper Liberal
in its tendencies, moral in its tone ; and from that time Mr. Ii(.liin«
ceased to have any personal or practic -•' interest in the place, althoiijili
he occasionally wrote articles for it a. hvays hoped for its welfiiiv.
When the Fvaiirjelical Wif)iess was ])ublished on Dundas street ^';l^t,
where Dr. Flock now lives, Miss liobinson, John Cameron and liobi-r;
Fulford were the typesetters. The latter went to California, and wliili'
there went on the stage and married a woman who is now one of tlir
most popul-r actresses of the day — Annie I'ixley. On the MethoJi;:
union of 1874 being pertLcted there was no more need for the H7/«('«-
Rev. David Savage edited it for foru' years before it died. Ki'V. .Mr
Robinson was sent to Engla'^-I about 1870 and was given the editorial j
control of the two Methodist magazines in old London and tlu! chiKf
of the two book concerns. As a matter of fiict, he was really sent over i'^
endeavor to stoj) the union, which then seemed imminent. The N.(.'.
Methodists had some 8,000 members in Canada, ami it was thought lie j
might have .some influence, but when he got over there he foumU
might as well try to stop the waters of Niagara. At one time he h
.f' 1,000 of his own money sunk in the Witness before he saw ',
prospect of a return, and it pi'eyed on his mind. He feared he wc
die and leave the debt a burden to his family. But friends in Eiigltt»|

CdUNTV OV MIDDI-KSKX.

171

31' — II i'"r^

timo Mr. K"l'i"*™
the place, aUlioii?li

wA ioY its welwi>'
Dundas street east,

.auieron and KoW
;aUfoniia, aiul wl«l^'
3 is now OHO ot lif
On the MetiloJl^
iced for the W>i'>!^'
i it died. Kt'v. Mi
s .nven the cditortu
;,„k>n and the clwi^^
■as really sent ovei:

iminent. The\|
ml it was though; ;^^
er there he foui« ''

At one time be l''^
>,s,s before he sa\''

He feared he ^f-
ut friends in l<>"gl=>"

came to the rescue, advanced some money, and theji he turned the
])iilier over to tlie ("amerons.

The London Evrning Nevm. — This journal was issued from the

ollice of tlie Witness. Harry Gornnn says : — " I assisted at the birth

of another London daily in the yeais before the Advertiser saw the

hcrht. It was the Eve)iitig News, and was the jn'edecessor of the

Adveiiiser. It was printed by Thos. Evans, wlio afterwards went to

liutlido, and edited by Mr. Moncrielf. The Xnrs was a Liberal ])aper,

antl ilid muoji towards securing tlie election of Elijah Leonard to the

Senate for the Malahide Division. By the way, my lot was nearly

alwavs cast on the Liberal side in y)olitics. 1'he Free Press was an

out-aiid out Grit pajier when I worked on it, and it was not till after 1

left it that it strayed from the paths of jmlitical rectitude. The News

was soundly Liberal under Mr Moncrierr':, editorshi]), and later under

tliat of .John McLean. Mr. ^loncrietf, I believe, afterwards lapsed

into Toryism, and Mi. McLean became one of the apostles of liigh

)irot(!ction, and helped Sir dohn and Tilley to frame the National

Policy taiilf. Among those who were eni])loyed in the News office

were John Cameron, fomider of the Advertiser; M. G. Ih-eniner now

(il'tiie Free Press editorial staff; Harry Clissold, ])ro})rietor of a print-

iiii^ establishment in Chicago; -Tames Mitchell, now editor and jtro-

jirietor of the Goderich Star ; John Hoojier and his father — the ' Old

Guv,' it. he was affectionately called — John McLean, the veteran

])ressiuan, and mysself. With the collapse of the Ncivs in 1863, the

office and ]ilant with which it was printed reverted to liev. J. H.

Itobinson, who either owned it in his own riglit or held it as a trustee

for the New Connexion Methodist Church in Canada. The Evav-

Ijelind Witness, official organ of the church, was jn'inted there, and it

l)ecaine necessary to make new arrangements for its ])ublication.

I'rojiosals to that end were made by llobinson to Harry Clissold and to

me, Init both of us had made up our minds to go to Chicago, and the

iiiihicemonts offered were not sufficient to change our intentions. Mr.

Caiiievou applied for the position, and his offer was accepted by Mr.

Itobiiison."

The Advertise)' was established in 1803, and on October 27, of

tliat year, the first numl)er sold was ])urcliased by J. \V. Jones. Thos.

Colley, now ])roi)rietor of the iiccoj-f?, was one of the first workers on

this journal He relates the .story of its beginnings a.s follows: —

"Tliere was a jiajier called the /)tti7^ Xews, ]ml)lislied shortly before

^ that lime l)y_ Tnouias Evans. In the .same oflice was also ])rinied

;• the Eiungelieal Witness. 15otli this i)a])er and the oflice had been for

|snnie years the jiroperty of the New Conne.xion Methodist Conference.

I The Jhi.ily Xeics, after a jirecarious existence of a few y(!ars, succumbed

|to hard times, and a large anil wel' eciuiiijied establisjiment was left

• wilhdut any other means of ke ']iiug it in operatiini but the ])ublication

<'l the weekly religious jiaper -.oferred to. In the office at that time

Were einjiloyed John and William Cameron, Harry Gorman, now of

172

HISTOUY OF THE

the Sarnin Observer, myself and a few others. You must rememlnir
tliat the Atnei'icau war had brokcMi out, aud was well under way tlifii,
and a i^reat desire seemed to take ])Os.session of the jtublic niiiul to
obtain possession of every item of news pertaininji; to that bloody
conflict. .Tohn Canun'on saw his o])portiinity, leiVSed the establisliinent
from the llev. J. H. liobinson, and conceived the idea of estublishiii!;
a live evening ])ii\)i'.r. So small was this i)aper, that the ])roprietoK
of a rival establislnuent termed it a ' bantling ;' but the ' baiitlinn'
as it was called, at once suc(;eeded in establishing itself in jmljjic
favor. So successful, indeed, was this attempt, that the managers of
a morning ]mper, then in existence, rushed out another evening sheet
to try and counteract the influence which the new-comer seemed .so
suddenly to become ])03ses.sed of Public sentiment, however, was
unanimously on the side of the Advertiser, and in a very short space
of time the Evening Telegraph, as it was called, was forced to cease
publication. Then, when the Advertiser came out, Mr. ('anieron
introduced a novelty into Lontloa in Ihe shajie of newslxiys Tlu'iv
were none here before that time. Day after day, and week alter wi'ck,
the little evening paper became more and more engrafted in public
favor. John Cameron, young, enteiprising, full of integrity aTul iiomi
j)in'posp, a model yo\ing man in every scense of the word, made it liis
constant study to produce a paper that would in every way merit tlit
most encouraging jiatronage. The Advertiser at that time was ])riiitiil
on a Hoe drum-cylinder jjress, and the power was supplied bv a
stalwart African. At the start, John Cameron associated with liim lii-
brother William, who became business manager, assisted by his futlirt,
while John devoted his time to the management of the editoiiil
department. About this time, too, the able assistance of ^Mr. liuriy
Gorman was secured for the same branch. In March, 1864, lie tonk
a position at the case with C. D. Bai'r. When C. F. Colwell carae in
1866, John Cameron was sole jn-oj^'letor ; his father paymaster; hi;
brother William fdled minor positions ; John Hooper was foreman 'i
iiews room; Jose])h Morey of job room, whili> Archie Bremner, Ham
Ciorman, Wm. Egleton and himself were at the case. John Canieroii.
it is well-known, is the prosjierous manager of the Toi-onto Globe; .Mr
l.'ameron, sen., and liis son William are both dead ; Harry Gorman i-
the successful proprietor of the Sarnia 0' •server ; ,Iohn Hooper is stii:
■working in the city; Bill Egleton works at Toledo, ; Archie
liremner, considered the best paragra{)h writer in Canada, is a»sistai!'
editor, while Charles D. Barr, who has been so successful in Ijuildiiis
up the Lindsay Post since he held a position at the ciise in diis office
in 1863-4, is now editor-in-chief" Harry Gorman, in his reiniiii>
cences, says: — "The Advertiser's jn'ogress was always a matter "'
pride to me. I was so thoroughly identified with its interests v^'hk j
on its staff, that its triumphs and succr'sses elated me as much ao ii
they were my own. The old feeling still lingers in my heart, and
am pleased at l)eing asked to coutributo to its silver annivei'sary."

OOUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

17a

ust rcmeiulwr
der way tliun,
ublic mind to
;o that Cloudy
3 esta\)lis^in'ent
of establishiiv^
the itropvietor,
■ t\ie ' bantliiit;,'
itself in publif
he inanagevs nf
: evemn;4 sli«'
,niev seemed so
t, howevev, Wiis
/evv short siwcc
' f,)vced to cease
it, Mv. (,'avneron
e\vs\)ovs. 'ni''i'<'
week uftev wtnk,
.rvafted in \M\(
[tesvitv and ;io>'(l
'ord, made il 1"'
•y way ment tlio
t time was \mM
as suiVied bv ;.
lated with hira 1«>
sted bv his futliti,
It of the editoml
,ee of Mv. H«nv
c\i, 1864, he t(«|k
ColweU Ciune u
er paymaster; 1«>
'r was foreman ot
[e Bremnev, Hatty
John Cameron,
ovonto Olobe; Mr .
Haviy Gorman «
ohn Hooper IS s,
[oledo, O ; Atcte
auada, is a.s.J
eessful in bmli^

,n, in his veumu^;

Iwavs a nuitter'

its "interests \^ '"'

J me as much a»^

L my heart, aud '

anniversary.

III Urn Victoria disaster of 1881, there, were amonj,' the passengers
Chas. A. Matthews, iiij^ht editor, wife and two children ; Miss Bailey,
a sister of one of the ])ressnien ; Wm. Woimacott, brother of Chas.
Woiniacolt, ronnds collector; a sister of Fraidv La wson, reporter ; Wm.
Thoiiii^son, rejiorter; and a yonng brother of Eddie Harrison, appren-
tice ; Mrs. Matthews and one child; Miss Bailey, Miss Law.son,
Cliarley Curnian, one of the carriers; VVonnacott and the lad Harrison
were anKni^' the victims. Mr. Matthews sncceeded in saving one
cliikl. William Thomijson also escai)ed and wrote the first report of
the (lisaist(!r.

The Editorial Staff is as follows : — Editor-in-Chief — Chas. D, IJarr.
Maua<iiii.!.; Eilitor — Arch. Brennier. City Editor and Conductor Weekly
Auricidtural Dejiartment, 1880 — Wm. Thompson. Telegra])h andNew.s
Etiitor— E. Clissold. City h'eporting Stall' — E. A. Hutchinson and A.
1'. Fawcett. Conductor Educational Department — John l)earne.s.s,
1. I'. S. Conduct(ir Legal Department — W. H. Bartram, barrister.

The lUisiness Dejjartment comprises: — Lud. K. Cameron, President
and Miinuger. liobert D. Millar, secretary-treasurer. Wm. Magee,
accountant. Fraid< Adams, cashie.'. J. M, Symonds, collector.
George Elliott, collector. T. A. Workmen and H. C. Allison, adver-
tising agents. M. W. Cummiford, traveling agent. Weekly Sub-
scri[)tion I)ei)artnient — H. C. Symonds, manager. Stereotype room —
Ttio.s. Bliuul, .su]ierinten(leiit ; Henry Hartley, William Corhin. I'ress
I'liiini— Jas. T. Archer, superintendent; William Bayley, E. Johnston.
Engineer — William Neil.

John Cameron, born in Markham Township, Ont, Jan. 22, 1843,
learned the ])rintiiig trade at London in the Free Press office, and on
Uct. 27, 18t)3, he, witli his brother William, issued tiie Evenintj
Advertiser. This venture was attended with such success that within
a few years it took a very leading place among the newspapers of the
Douiiniun. In December, 1882, David Mills became editor, with
William Cameron, manager. At that time John Cameron assumed
the eiiiturial and business management of the Globe, converting this
old ppT)er into a modern news journal and leading exponent of Liberal
ideas m Canada. Mr. Cameron's father was a native of Argyleshire,
Scotland, and his mother a native of Ireland.

William Cameron, born in London in ^^^4, died in January, 1884.
He, with his brother, John Cameron, of Toronto, established the
Advertiser twenty years before death removed liim from the manage-
ment of that juurnal.

The Huron Recorder was first issued in October, 1874, as a
journal devoted to the interests of the English Church Diocese, liev.
H. F. Darnell was editor, and Kev. J. Hurst secretary-trea.surer. This
journal changed its title to the Western Churchman, June (J, 1877.
hi August, 1875, Ceo. F. Jewell was assistant editor. In 1877 liev.
J. W. P. Smith was secretary ; liev. W. F. Cami)bell treasurer, and
*i. F. .Jewell, advertising agent. On August 29, 1877, it ceased
liublication.

174

IIISTOUY OK THK

The Cafholk Record was issued at 388 lliclimoiid street, October
4, 1878. Tlu! salutatory of tlie ])ublisher, Walter Locke, appears on
page one, followed by a letter from i.lshop Walsh, approving;; of this
journalistic venture. A few months later the office was jmrchased bv
Thomas Coil'ey, who very soon established the Record on a firm basis,
and who has conducted this journal with marked ability down to the
present time. llev. Fathers Northgraves (author of the " Mistakes of
Modern Infidels "), of Ingersoll, and Flannery, of St. Thomas, are tlie
chief editors. The present oflice was erected by the owner in 1S82,
adjoining Weston's store on Richmond street and Dufferin Avemiu.
The latter building he purchased at that time. The Record k an
eminently respectable denominational weekly pajier, jiartakiiig of the
quality of a magazine. The historical and other subjects are cleiirly
treated, while the editorials form an e.xcellent exposition of what
religious liberty means, aiul of what the welfare of Canada calls fur.
The tenth anniversary of the Record drew forth from the secular
press of Western Canada many high testimonials.

The Standard, a weekly and evening journal, suspended jmblicii-
tion after a four months' existence, March 25, 1878, the Free Pre^^
filling the subscription roll.

Tlie Eclio is an advertising paper issued regularly.

The Farmer's Advocate, an agricultural periodical, is jjublislied at
liOndon.

The Speaker, an afternoon newspaper, was esUiblished in 1888, an!
issued fi'oni the Speaker Steam Printing House, 344 llichmond strwt
On November 12th Mr. Butcher, manager of this journal, obtaiiiwi
])ossession of the Tim,cs office material, and on the evening of tluit dav
made an eil'ort to assume the name of the Times aiid cast aside tlim
of the SpeaJcer, but one or more of his associate owners objected, aii'i ■
so the old name was retained. It is now defunct.

The Loudon Eveiii)iri Times was issued from the oflice, 201 Duiida-
street, Aug. 28, 1888, by Paul & Harris. The projirietors in their
salutatory omit much conventional plu'aseology, and content fheiii-
selves with assuring the p d)'ic tliai; " the interests of tiie city '<
London and Western Ontario ;i- will always l)e our object to fui'liu'rin
ever mannei' ])os.sible, knowing as we do that they are citisdy aiii
inseparateiy linked with our own. All i)ublic questions will k 1
discussed fearlessly on their merits, irrespective of from what jtarty w |
person they may emanate. The news of the day, both local and trniu R'
a distance, will be ])resented, in crisp, readable form, and our ryailtr- '
ciin depend U]>on l)eing k(!]it fully posted (jn all that trans]iin;s up to
the minute of ]>ublication " During its existence this journal more
than ob.-;erved the jjromi.ses made, but the fact that there was no nwni
for a fourtli daily jiaper at London soon became manifest, and on Xi"'
10, 18SS, the last i.ssue of the Times a])i)eared. On Nov. 12, l\mp\
iUitclier, of the tS'y)ca/i:er, purchased the heading and subscri])tion listoli
the defunct jf'imeN, and no doubt believing that the name was iuok

l"||iiiliir V

was fonii

Miiitl(>r jir

ii'lifllidi) J

while .Alar

'ii'' iipslioi

^Jfihiui, wli

■iiul locked

Priiifei

'■hartcred h'

l»H'22, 18(1;

u'Viipliical Ui

iiicriiher.s we

"iini;ni, Th:

, presidents oi

'!« follows:—

■'^^ Oate.s The

< '• H. Chattel

,( Thoniji.'^on, J,

V """• ^V. A. L

i bourne. The

^'ews/iapp,

projectors nio\

"t '"itrathroy w

(■"'itinued wee

. where they stu

:ir iiad an inter,>st

1 . '^'i>^' Shufh:

, '" ■'line, hs.-,;)|

> October, I8(il)'

■ Kd)tor .MflK,-,,

i"'';'i«itioi'i until

- ;'' \Vicklow Coil
: I 'lis fatlier was
J;'»s tli*^ confrill
J '"'ciiriie city o,|i
".'"' "1 KSC5 pinl
'"'" of the /);.4
'""'''•'gi'ig ttlitoij
P ""' Ottawa (i

Pi'^'lrathrov.
'n OctobuM'

*^'^"'«'ttl I»Ublic'.sc
12

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

17.-

;ct, Octo\)ev
appe;u'3 oii
nw^ of this
iivcbaseil by
a fivm basis,
down to the
• Mistakes of
mas, are the
^nev in ^^'^-'
ivin Avenue.
Record is an
■taking of the
;ts ave clearly
ition of what
uuida calls for.
Ill the secular

emleil publica-
,\m Free Pi'««s

is publisUed at

io(\inlB88,and
Lliclnnond street.
nal, obtained

louv

a of Ibat day

cast aside tlwt
vs objected, aivi

i,.e 20 1 l>"i*

.vietovs in the«

content them-

of tbe city ';<

■jiecttofnvtlK'Vin

^■^ closely aii'i

will fe

■I

ave

uostions
i„i what party 0'
t\i local and lro">
, and our reader.
ttvanspives"?^
tbi.s journal woR

llu've was
nfest, andon

Isubscviptionl^^';
lie nanve was i"

i)d t'roui i^gi'

veatlerJ |^Ht

uptown I

un rnoni HH'

liiiiiular with the reading public than tliat uiuler which the Company
was formed, he undortook to place the heading The Times over the
matter prepared for the Si)eaker — an act wliich caused a small-sized
ivlipllion in the office. Director Gahan ordered the pressman to stop,
wliile Manager Butcher insisted that the Times should be published,
till' tnishot lieing that Butcher was " fired " out of the buildi;<g by
Gahan, who disnnssed the employes for the night, turned otf the gas
and locked the ofHce door.

Printers' Uniov — London Typogriiphical Union, No. V,V.\, was
chiirtered by the National Typogra])hical Union, TJnitod States, Novem-
ber 22, l(Sti9, which lias since changed its name to International Typo-
iivaphical Union, of which London Union is still a member. The charter
numbers were Thomas Coffey, James Mitchell, William Evans, Henry
Muruan, Thomas Ferguson, Eoliert O'Coimor, H. C. Symonds. The
presidents of the Union from that period to the present day are named
its foUovvs: — Thomas Colfey, John S. Dewar, William Hooper, lienj.
S. Gates, Thomas Inland, Thomas Orr, E. H. Yealland, J. B. Jennings,
(.'. H. Chatterton, Charles Sterling, G. Coghlan, A. J. Bremner, H. A.
Thdmpson, J. W. Thorpe, Andrew Doidiolm, H. 1). Lee, James Dren-
nan, W. A. Clarke, Charles Doe, Ed. W. Fleming and Charles Mel-
Iwurne. TIk; present secretary is Frank Plant.

Xewojiapers Outside of London. — The Advocate was published
l)y Geo. Brown in 1856-7, but ceased in the spring of 1857, when its
lirqjectors moved away. Mr. Dell states that the first paper started
at Stnitln'oy was by twin brothers named John,ston. The journal was
continued weekly for six months when the boys moved to Michigan,
where tliey studied medicine, and died at Bad Axe. Geo. E. Brown
had an interest in this journal.

The Strathroy Times and West Middlesex Advertiser was issued
in .lune, 18.")9, but ceased publication within a few montlis. In
Octiihur, 1869, another journal, bearing the same name, was issued by
Kditnr Mogin. The Home Guard succeeded the Times, and continued
liubHcation until 18(15, when C. H. Mackintosh ])urcha.sed the oflice.

Tlu' DixiHitcli. — Charles H. Mackintosh, son of William Mackintosh,
<itWickl()w County, Ireland, was born at London, Ont., in 1843, when
liis father was county engineer of Middles(!X. Young Mackintosh
was tlie contril)utor to tlie Free Press of " Hurry Graphs ;" later
H'camc city e(Utoi ; in 1864 was editor of the Times, of Hamilton,
uiid in 1805 imrchased the Home Guard office and began the publicjv-
tion of the Dispiifch, continuing until 1874. In 1873 he became
managiiij,' editor of tiie Chicago Journal of Commerce, and in 1874
fi the Ottawa Citizen. In 1870 he founded the Parkhill Gazette,
jiiiovetl to Ottawa, and in 1882 was chosen to represent that city with
^h•, Tassi'. Ill April, 1868, he married Gertrude, daughter of T. Cook,
"t Sivatln'oy.

In Oct(»bi'r, 1874, A. Dingman resigned the principalshi]) of th(!
I'etriik'a public schools, came to Strathroy and purchased the Dispatch.
n

176

IIISTOKY OK THE

from ('. n. Mackintosli. U]> to the close of lS7o A. I'iiiyiiiau liml
been for many years a leading and successlul teacher in the i)ublii.'
schools of the town of Sarnia. Under his control the jniptir advanmi,
being enlarged in 1877 to the (|uarto page form, in which it is now
issued. In 1S76 J. H. Mcintosh resigned his jiosition on this jiapii
to take control of the Watford Ailtuxuti', but returning to Strathroy,
resumed the ])()sition of assistant editor, and is now on tlie stall'. In
1882 Mr Dingman was a]i])ointed to the imjiortant ])osition of Inspec-
tor of Indian Agencies and Kevenues under the Dominion Govern-
ment, which otlice he yet holds. His family residence is imw
Stratford, wliither he moved his family in the fall of 1887. On In-
acce])tance of the oflice mentioned, Mr. A. Dingman was sncceedud in
the ])ro])rietorship of the Dispdlch in 1882 by liis son, \V. S. Dingman,
who controlled tlu; jiajier, taking Ids brother, L H. Dingman, into
])artnership in I88(i, until 18S7 (with the exce])tion of one year,
1884-"), wliicli W. S. D's part at Port Arthur as editor and managerof
the Port Arthur Didlij St'ufltid), wlieii it was sold to liiclumlson
Hros. (George and Kobt. F. Uichardson, tlie latter of svliom had loii^
been connected with the otlice as foreman). VV. S. and I). II. Diiig-
man are now in Stratford ])ul)lishing the Herald. \V. S. jjri'cedediiii
Itrother there, going in December, 18,s(;, and having the lionur of
issuing the first number of the Daily Herald, the ])ioneer's daily of
Stratford, on March 17, 1887. They publish both daily and weekly
editions, and the Herald deservedly enjcjys the lead in Stratford.

Among the old newspa])er men of Strathroy Tnention isimulr'f
the following named : — VV. F. Lu.xton, now of the Winnipeg F,v
Prcsfi, former owner of the Age; John S. Saul, former owner of tin
Age, now jiublisluir of tin; Dailij iWtra, Ashland, Wis. ; Hugli .McL'oH
former owner of the Age, now Strathroy I'ostmaster ; A. l)inj,'m:in
former owner of the Dispatch, now Insjjector of Inland Agencies; W
S. and L. H. Dingman, his sons, now jjublishers of the StralfonI Ihil
Herald; E. Edwards and W. I). Wiley, who worked in the JJispiS
oflice, issued the Wingham Times Nov. 24, 1881, but the puptT \b-
since passed out of their po.ssession. and Edwards is now on a iie«-
j)aper in Winnipeg. Wiley is still a resident of Hunjn County, i
H. Ward, who in years long past resided in Middlesex, is now ca
nected with the Deseret News, Salt Lake City. He is the au'uiur
several works, such as " The Hand of Providence," " Gospel Pliilu-
phy," and " liallads of Life."

Hugh McColl, editor of the .4(/e, writing in August, 1871, statft
that three years have i)as.sed since he assumed control of the pa]*'
In that time the ])aper was twice eidarged, and the circulation doublfi

The lievieiu was published at Ailsa Craig, in 18((7-8.

The Wardsville Post was established in 1882 by William Ka'i^
who contiTuied to publish it for about a year, when it susiKiuded.

The Ontario Teacher was conducted by Mr. McColl and (!eo
Ross, at Strathroy ; and the latter was at one time owner uf the #,

COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX,

177

Diiiuuuiu Iwd
in Ihn public
,ptir iidviiucv"!,
ic\i it is now
on this i«lK'V
, to titvaUivoy.
; tlie stall' In I
iioii of lusi.ec- ?:
uiiiion Goverii-
iik'uco is ii"^^'
1887. On 111-

\V. S. Diii;j;iiw''i.

Dinntuaii, ii>l"

,n of ow ywii

rami waiint;H'.i

a to llicliiU'il>"i:
svhoHi lia'l Ui.
andD.H 1)>"^-

V. S. vi''-'"^^'''^'' '"■
in'iT the li'iiiuv "!
pioiicev's daily ;'
lailv and Nvei'W.y
I in Stvatfovd.
mention is hku';;''

le WiuuiiK'!^/';'

•im^v oNvnev ol *■

i^ • lluiiU Mdo,i.
ttei'; A.' !>">[?"*

and A;^''i>^'f ' "■

.he Stralfoi;^.^^-' ;

,d in the. VJ!.s/..

\,ut tlic papfi 1"
is now on a n*-'^^

llunm County. , ^

aiesex.is uovvco»^|i

fie is tiie a'at'K'i

[circulation doubW

i5'C"\viUiawr>a^P^

IcCoUandt.eu^^
owner oi lli^' •'

The GlcDCoc Mail was is.sucd in Doceinli(!r, 1871, hy Nidi Mo-
Alpine, who sold this ]iioneer journal to 8anniel and Lorenzo Frederick,
who CDutinued the imhlication of the Moil until it.s .sale to (J. B.
Slater in April, 1873. He changed the title to The Travscript, nwA
.«()ld the oilice to Wni. Sutherland, the founder of the London Free
Press. In 1881 Mr. Sutherland sold The Transcript to his .son, A. K.
Sutherland, who in July, 1885, took his hrother liobert into ]iartner-
ship. Tlic. Tvaiisc.ript was not issued the last week in 1884, owiuf; to
tlie fact that the office was undergoing rej.airs and a new ]iress being
i)lape(l in ]iosition. The editor assured his readers that this was the
first holiday in thirteen years.

In the history of Wardsville, reference is made to the newspapers
which at one time were p\d)lished there.

In 1868 ¥j. I'inton succeeded in establishing the Lucan E)it.ei'prUe
at Lucan, in a building which stood where Hodgins' livery stable now
is ; hut tlK! nanu> of the Journal has escaped even the memory of
Williiun I'orte. Thi.s ]ia]ier continued for about eighttien months. In
May, 187'J, F. Ii. Spalt established a journal here, and on September
11, tliut year, an entry for postage on the Entm'pi'ise appears on the
postina.ster's records. In dune, 1879, Mr. Sjialt, of the Enter prise,
was charged by sonic ])ersons at ( Jencja with holding his jirinting press
illegally. The case was pre.sented at Ailsa Craig, but Spalt was
iicijuitted and allowed to take the ]iress to Lucan. The present journal
of that name was established by W. B. Abbott, now a physician of
rinconning, Mich. On February 7, 1883, J. W. Orme, the ju'csent
Iirojnietor, issued No. 1 of the new series. In his salutatory he calls
the jdurnal the Xortlt Middlesex Advertiser, although the heading is
l.ucun Enter jmse. J. B. Abbott was manager at this time. On
April oU the first issue of the v/eokly Enterprise is recorded, when Mr.
Abbott ceased connection with the office.

Tlui rarkhill Gazette dates back to 1870. Late in the fall of that

jear, C. H. Maekintcsh, of Strathroy, established an office with the

intention of issuing a weekly journal. This intention was carried out,

[but the oftice was leased to Wallace Graham for one year from the 1st

)f November. Graham conducted the paper and office with consider-

ible ability, and the business prospered well under his management.

is the year drew to a close. Mackintosh made overtures to him to buy

it, but the yrt'ice demanded was not satisfactory t(j Graham, who at

nice made arrangements to jmrchase the plant of an old office in

mother jiart of the country, and removed to Parkhill, leaving Mac-

dntoshto do as he pleased with his own material. Graliam continued

lublish the Gazette, which for .some time was printed in Stratford,
?ul Mackintosh claiming that he (Gndiara) had no right to publi.sh
le Gazette under that name, or retain the subscription list, and com-
lenced legal jiroceedings. Of course the original projector of the
titerprise had no rights in the case, and the Gazette continued to be
iblished by Mr. tirahara down to 1887, when lie sold his interests to

178

IIISTOIIV Ol' IHK

.1 • If . ..T..C till' (lid iivoss ust'illiv
the present ^^Uto. Mv. (Ivo.j n Un^^ „,l .^.,ch

W„l. T. Macken..e dunuj, ' *,>; ! ™ '-^.„,„tc. harbor. It hjul been
wa. thrown V.y an ^'^^^'^f \l'" ' 7!'\. , a lod-nueut at I'urkhiH, wh.re
in several omces sh>ce but ;;:^ ;- 'X^uJtlxJed by fire. This .,. .
it was used down to 1«^',' j^;,'"j^\\,^ „f tj,,. Gazette as well as ihe vuer-

The l>arklnll /;.j;.«« "T.^^^ H shall be our highest una tu
Dariach. In his sahitatoiv 1 e ^;^>J^ ■ j j,, ..y in the devdop-

^on..te the ^-^^^^ 1 in luu -S^^ ''^^^'<^''^ planted hev."

i;,ent of those true 1^'"^ '^ > "'^ ^"^^^^^^^^ „„ the Revh,v, and conUnuod m
Geo M. Winn, who set '' ' ^'j'\^^>, ^^ ..utov of the Alynier Sun.
the oihce until the hiU ;!» ' *^^^; 3;, ^ ,; a,c M.mtreal Star for the best
• „ 1880 the Vy^-^^^^^;^"^ ;: arhe, of I'arkhiU ; her " L.ttle

The fi

iVdviiice

t'.sfalili.iliei

17.^11, by .

Cliureh, jil

dlieiicd a s

ilrew avou

lii.s iiiiiiie

At XiaL,'ai'i

also tiuii,'lii

over a cla

hi'^li, Mic;

toacliers' In

form a])])ea

On Jul

and extend

tile London

Town.-^hip

und Geo. i

l^i>itrict in

'Western, '

Burwell, Jo

and Joliii

Trustees foi'

Alex. Dull;

•'olinson, di-

I over St. Goo

1832 opened

[ John AAvi, Ek

, fiKAIt Sll!

tcR the favor ol
I tlio lirst ot Deoe
I will confer a fa
["'fornieii tilt yi
J answer this by t

Stephen '
laccL'ptance of
go open a se
Williams, of

(J()t;NTY III.- .MIlini.KHIX

179

(MTAPTKR X.

KSTAIiMslIMKNT ANH (lUoWTII oK SCiliidl.S.

The first Enj^lisli school in Upper Cutiiul.a — in Fact, tlic; first in tlii)
I'mviiici' outside the <il(l Fr(nich school at Siuidwicli and the scliools
t'stablislu'd at Hay <i>niiite !)y D'Uvfc, — was tliat prosidod over in May,
ITSll, by .lohn Sti^wart, while studying for tiie ministry of tlie Kn<,dish
Cliurch, at Catarai|ui. About this time Jonathan Clark, a ycotchman,
(i]iem'(la school in the district, where also an Irishman named Donuvan,
drew around him a large class of adult jinpils. This Donavan sjudied
his iKUiie ll'Anovan, and was known in the setthfment as "The Count."
At Niagara tiie garrison school was in full operation, and DickCockrell
also taught there. About this time (170 1-L') Diiniel A. Askins y)resido(?
over a class at Napanee, while later at Kingston Messrs Blaney,
Irish, Michael and Myers com])ete(l with Donavan and Clark for
teachers' honors. As settlements sprefvd westward the school in some
form aii]H'ared.

On July 12, 181'.', the .School Acts of former years were amended
aad extended. At this time it was enacted that the I'ublic School of
the h(iU(iou District should be o]iene(l, and kept at Vittoria, in the
Township of Cliarlotteville. John Kolph, J. V>. Askin, Jus. Mitchell
and (Jeo. C. Salmon formed the Hoard of Education for London
District in ISol, and .\. Mcintosh and Wni. Hands for the
Western. The School Trustees for London District were Mahlon
Burwull, John Uo.stwick, Jo.se])h Kyerson, James Mitchell, John liolph
and .lohn Harris, with K. Chadwick, district school-master. The
TiTistees for the Western District were James Baby, A. Mcintosh,
Ale.x. Dull', .lames Gordon and Charles Elliott, witli Tlev. William
John.son, district school-master. In thi.s year .lohn Talbot presided
over St. George's School, Lot 14, Con. 6, Loudon Township, and in
1832 opened a school on Ridout Street.

I John Anhin, E«q. :— Vienna, in r.ayliani, Oct. 7, 1833.

Dkak SiK. As I have af;ain (',onnnenc'<iil tho arduous task of st'hool-koeinnf;, I

1 beg tlie favor ijI' you to let nic know to whom I should send my rc{)orts, as I intend on

. the lirst ot Dcceiubur next ensuing to report a six inonth.s' school. Wherefore, you

will oonl'er a favour by advLsing nie on the proper way to proceed, as 1 have been

inforined tl It yo\i have settled (or now reside) in the village of London. Please to

i answer thi.s by the bearer, Capt. Foster, and you will oblige.

Your obedient servant, ,Ion.v Buiuak.

Stephen Van Every was appointed jailer in 1827, pending the
accL']itance of that position by Samuel H. Tarke. He was permitted
|to open a school in the old building, and there the present James
*^"liains, of London, attended.

]8(»

IKSTiiUV t)V TIIK

Tlic cdiiiiiioti scliiiol systiMu dates hick to 1841, wlion ii bill, iiitrn-
(luccil hv S ]>. MaiTisoii, was passed and a])|ir()ViHl. In 184;! tlic
Francis Hiiicks aiiiendnieiits wciv adniited, and in 184(5 the W. H.
I)ra])er anu'nilincnts. In 184'.l -T. H Cameron's l)ill, ja-oviding for tlii'
estahlislniieiit of scIkmiIs in cities and towns, becaiiuf law, and from thiil
period np to 1871. when the 1,'eneral school law was a]i])rove(l, it sei'nis
to have been the object of the Lej^islaturu to cure every little defect in
the system.

A ]ietition to Sir Charles I)a|,'ot, the fJovernor-Ceneral of I'.ritisli
North America, made February 11, 1842, represented that, owini,' to
the ])eculiar situation of several townships in the Lcmdon district, "it
is inconvenient to make school district divisions in townships ex-
clusively by their own limits," and asked for lej,'islation ]irovidiiiij Ibr
the (hvision of the whole district into school divisions without regard
to townshiji linijs.

In Se])ti'nd)er, 184'J, J. B. Strathy, District Clerk, made a return
of ilie numl)er of schools in actual operation in the London District
since Jan. 1, 1842. In Fkfrid there were 7 schools ojien and 5
vacant; in Mosa, then not divided into districts, then; were 4 sciiools
in operation; in London, then unsubdivided, there were 10 scIkioIs
open; in Aldborough, 4 o])en and 2 vacant; in Adelaide, 2 ojieii luid 7
vacant; in Lobo, G in operation, but the township was not districted;
in Caradoc, 2 open and (3 vacant ; in Delaware, 2 o])en and 6 vacant
It a[)])ears commissioners were ap])ointed and met once, but uwinijto
the Council not iiavin^- divided the township into .school districts, tin'
oflicers did n(jt organize. In Westminster there were I! schools o|ieii
and 15 lof^ally vacant, as tlie teachers never came before the Comiiii--
sioners to be examined. There were no returns received fiom
Malahidi?, liayham, Yarmouth, Dorchester, Dunwich aiid SoulhwoU.

The legal teachers in Adelaide in 1S42-3 were : — J. Kinney, Anne
Ahernethy, Iiobert Ciimpb(dl, Duncan McCallum and Malcolm Camp-
bell. In Kkfrid, Samuel V. Stiles, Donald Mclntyre, Kenneth Tlioni-
son and lL:ctor McFarlane. In London, Henry W. Milne, Janit-
Kutledge, James Howard, ILiiny Kirby, W. J. 6'Mulvenny, Willi;iiii
Evans. Arthur D. (Jarden, Thonias Boyd, Wm. Webli, Robert Wil*"!'.
Wm. Taylor Hemy Kiuniey, (Jeorije Monaghan, IIum]»hrey Tayl"r,
Thomas Stanley and Jan(! Summers In Mosa, Wm. HoUiday, Ki'l'"''
Shearer, Fiidey Munroe and D. Sinclair. In Caradoc, L C. Koarnej
and Wm. Moore. In Aldl)orou,u;h, Arcii. Curri(\ Donalil Curi'ic, Kok'r!
Mowbray and Daniel McVicker. In Westminster, Lewis M. Cuven.
Adam Alurray, -lames Aik('U, Wm, Crinklaw and Kdwanl I'olts t
Lobo, John Cain])bell, Donald McCrae, Wm. Munro, John Jctl'i'm'-
and Hari'iet Eastwoo(l Of the two schools in Delaware, M. S. Ayiv
presided over one of .'i."i jiupils for VX\ days, his pay bein,t,' .£'•' 8^- -''
or alxiut; .'?47, out of the school fund, toijether with subsi:i'i|)tii'i!'
Amonji; the teachers, of what is now Middlesex, in 1842-3, wlmdidn
receive nionciys from the school fund that year, were .fohn lloa^

COUNTY OV MIDUI.KSKX.

181

uaae a VL-turn
.oiulon l)i^\'«*

weiv. 4 scliooU

e 2 ovfii '»™.'
's'notdistvictcd;

n and 6 vacant.

ee VmtiAVUiljtfl

oo'l (Uslvicts,to

, •- sc\K)()ls oi«ii

ore t\»e <"c.mmis-

vcceiveel ton;

and SouthwoW.

] Kinnuv, A""^

Mulcoliu Camp-

V Miluf, J'^w*"

H.A\iday, K'*'-'^ «

,ia CuvvuN u* '
Lewis M.f'^t

Q4.-)-'3, wU" ^"'"\
1 Joi>n Uoss a«^

Nelson EiLstwi 10(1, of Lol)o ; Arthur L. TrilliM' and Win. Livinf^stono,
<jfCarmloo; William McUlurv, Jlirani Scli(Miick, A. Dunbar, Sabina
Mainiiiiu', Li'onnvd Bishce and .Inse])h llodi^'son, of VV(!stinin.sler ;
hiuiKvlot VValli'r. Jo.se])h I{. Smith. Slcjilien J. Lancaster, Auj,'usta
Urcwstcr, ('. N. Donbe and Mr. Willis, of Dorchester, and John
l»nwii('i\ of Adelaide. John Wilson, afterward Justice Wilson, was
(leiKMiil Sup ■rinteiidenl of the District Schools in 1S44, but he resir;n-
in" in Mav, 184"). and William Elliot, ja'esent County Jndfje, was
appointed by the Council, and held the jiosition until its abolition
under the .school law of IS^O.

Tli(^ lirst ap]tointments of school sup(irintend(;nts ajijiear to have
hutn made l'"eb. l"i, 1S44. They are named as lollows : — John Heck-
ton, Mosa; Danitd McFarlane, P^sq., Ekfrid ; Uev. 1) E. I'.lake, Ade-
laide; (,'roW(dl Wilson, London; James (Jamj)bell, .\ldborouj,di ; Alex.
.Slratliy, Weslnuiister ; Ben. Springer, Delaware; DaTuel Harvey,
yarmouth; Duncan McKellar, ("aradoc ; Wm. Veitch. Bayham ; David
Abel, JIalahide; Wm. Benson, Dunwich ; Thomas Hu.ssey, Southwoid ;
W. 11. NiU's, Dorchester, and Alex. Sinclair, Lobo.

In 1.S47 there were .seven jniblic schools in Adelaide, the teachers
<if which received £l'.>0; five in Caradoc, £210; five in Delaware,
£1.")6; sixteen in Dorchester, £348 ; seven in Ekfrid, £2(12; eleven in
Loho, £47-; five in London town, £400; twenty-five in London
Township, C7t)ii; four in Metcalfe. £120; six in Mo.sa, £2(54; seven-
teen in Westniin.ster, £606; eight in Williams, £L"!0.

In 1847 the oflice of Township School Superintendent was abol-
i.shed, but revived in I80I, and continued until 1871.

In 18511 Edmund Shejijiard was appointed Local School Sui)erin-
tt^nilent for North and South Dorchester on recommendation of Judge
Klliot, who was then District Su])erintendent. In 1850 the lioard of
Tublie Instruction ibr Middlesex and Elgin was organized, with Messrs.
French, Ihshop Croiiyn and dohn Wilson, of London ; Silcox, of South-
wold, ;uid Ednnuid Shejipard nunnbers.

Under tiie law reviving the office of Townshiji Suy)erintendent,
Jiev.s. J, Skinner, .1. (iunn, W. A. Clarke, W. Sutherland, K. Flood, C.
|0. Broui;b, .1. (iordon anil (!. (rrant, with Messr,s. James Armstrong,
|(ieo. W. Uiws, William Taylor, Adam Murray, and few otluTs, named
{in the list of ISoo-fi wen^ a]i])ointed.

In 1852 the school population was '.1,482; the number of schools
J13o; average attendance, ^vWd; number (d' teachers, l:!7; average
Isilary of male teachers, .S285 ; of female, SI 16; and total amount ex-
"]iendcd, .'?20,2;!5. In 18(32 there were 1(),28() pu])ils, entailing a total
pxnenditure of .^49,497; and, in 1872, 19,454 pupils, the expenditure
bcin.u' !599,205.

Tli(! scliodl su]i(H'inten(lents in 1855 were Joseph Spettigue, Rev.
A\. K. Sullierland, A. Campl)ell, Rev. James Skiniajr, Adam Murray,
li<'vs. C. (j. Brouuh and John Gunn, with R. 1'. Toothe, John dohnson
^nil Charles Hardie.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

IIM IIIII15

2.2

2.0

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

q^^

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182

HISTOKV OF THE

During the January Session of 1856 tlie following superintendents
of schools were appointed : — A. Campbell, Kev. Skinner, Rev. C. C.
Brough, Adam Murray, Eev. Sutherland, Uev. Wm. Ames, Georiji'
Richardson, Charles Hardie, Rev. Richard Saul and Donald Cameron.
In 1857 -lohn Cameron, Revs. Flood and Deese, John Carey and
William McClutchey, with the ministers above named, and Mes3^
Hardie and Murray were superintendents.

From the list given in 1858, it apjjears that Rev. Edward Sullivan
presided over Lobo and London ; Rev. A. S. Falls, Strathroy ; Rev.
McEwen, Westminster; Robert Stevenson, of Williams East, and
John A. Scoone, Williams West. The names of Reverends Deese,
Flood, J. Skinner, Gunn and Inglis, with Messrs. A. Campbell, D.
P. Aylesworth, R. Campbell and (Jharles Hardie are also given. In
185'J-60 the only change made in school superintendents was the
appointment of Alexander Levie over the schools of Williams.
Among the school supeiintendents of 1861 were Edward Handy, of
Caradoc; Rev. N. McKinnon, of Mosa, in opposition to Rev. Gumi,
James 13urns, of Westminster, and Rev. A. S. Falls of Metcalfe.
Otherwise the list of 1859-00 was unchanged.

The list of 1862 gives the following names : — Wm. Deese, Edwaiti
Handy, Rev. R. Flood, James Venning, R. Campbell, sr, Rev. J.
Skinner, E. Sullivan, A. S. FiiUs, -lohn Gunn, Charles Hardie, .1. A.
Scoone, Rev. R. Stephenson, .lames Armstrong, Dr. Cowan. In 18ii:l
Dr. Francis was appointed school superintendent of Delaware ; -lolm
Atkinson, of Biddulph ; Wm. Fletcher, of McGillivray ; Thomas Uie.
of Lobo, and .lohn P. Du Moulin, of London. Otherwise tlie list of
1802 was the same.

The su})erintendents of 1864 were : — ilohn A. Scoone. Rev. E.
Saunders, ¥A. Handy, Dr. Francis, Rev. i^eljarre. Rev. W. R. Sutliei-
land. Rev. J. Skinner, J. P. DuMoulin, Rev. A. Stewart, Rev. J. Gunn.
Rev. W. Fletcher, C. Hardie, James Armstrong, R. Ste])henson and A
Levie.

The school superintendents in 1865 appointed were:— Reverends
A. S. Falls, E. Saunders, G. Grant, of Delaware ; L. Debarres, W, II
Sutherland, James Skinner, Wm. Taylor, A. Stewart, Wni. Fletehei,
John Gunn, Charles Hardie, .lames Armstrong, .lames Campbell, and
Robert Stephens.

The local .school superintendents a])pointed in .lanuary, IHtiii, :iri'
named as follows: — Rev. ,lohn Gunn, Mosa; Rev. W. R. Sutherland,
Ekfrid ; .lames Campbell, East Williams; Rev. Geo. Grant, Didaware.
R. P Toothe,and Rev. A. S.Falls, Adelaide; Rev. Wm. Fletcher, Mc-
Gillivray ; Eidward Handy, Camdoc ; Charles Hardie, Nissouri ; Wui.
Taylor, London ; Dr. McCaw, West Williams ; .lames Armstrong,
Westminster; Rev. T. E. Sanders, Biddulph; Rev. E. Walker. Uho:
Hanson Thompson, Metcalfe ; Rev. James Gordon, North Dorchester;
and in 1867, Rev. A. S. Falls, Rev. E. Sanders. Edward Handy, Kev
Geo. Grant, T. I). Ketler, Rev. W. R. Sutherland, .1. T. A. S. Fayett,

COUNTY OF MIDULKSEX.

183

- S

list of
llev. E.

. !?Utl\L'V-

I.T. Gumi.
1)11 and A

leverowi^
k W. li
] Fletcltfv,
Ibell, ami

yiierlai"!'
|),.la\vare:
Hiev, Mc-
(ri; Wni.
I'lnstrong,
iy, I>ob(i.
ticlieslet.
lulY. Kf^

W'm. Taylor, Haniaou Thompson, Rev. A. St(jM'ait, Rev. W. Fletclier,
Charles Hardie, Rev. J. McLeod, Dr. McCaw and .F. Armstrong.

Tlie changes in school superintendents in 1868 were : — Hev. James
(Gordon of Dorchester; James Young, of London; Rev. \V. Fletcher,
(if ^Icdillivray and Lobo ; Dr. M. Foster, of Nissouri ; Geo. W. Ross,
(if Eiist Williams ; and A. M. Ross, of Westminster.

Tlie school superintendents for 1869, in the order of township, are
named as follows: — Rev, James Donaldson; Rev. E. Sander.'^ ; E.
Handy, Kcv. Geo. Grant, Rev. .Tames Gordon, Jiev. W. R. Suther-
land; G. W. Ross, Joseph Young, Harrison Thompson, Rev. A. Stew-
art, Dr. McKinnon, Dr. Fo.ster, G. W. Ross, Charles Mumoe, and Rev.
Geo. Simpson.

The only changes from 18()!l in the list of school superintendents
for LS7II are Duncan Leitch, of Metcalfe; Dr. Mc.Alpin, of McGilliv-
lav, and liev. R. Hall, of Nissouri W. The su])erintendents of 18(i!i
ill the other townships were re-appointed. The only changes from
l(S7(i in the list of school superintendents for 1871 are as follows: —
J. K. Arinitagc, appointed for Biddulph ; Rev. Mr. Davis, for Mc-
(lillivray ; and Rev. J. I'ritchard, for Williams West.

Tlie Eastern School Circuit, established under the act of February
la, 1871, by the Council in June that year, embraced Piiddulph, Nis-
souri, Dorchester N., Westminster, Loudon and Delaware. The
Western Circuit then establi.shed comjirised Lobo, Caradoo, Ekfrid,
Mosa, Metcalfe, ]\IcGillivray, Adelaide, East and West Williams, with
Wanlaville and Strathroy villages. S. P. Groat was elected inspector
for tlie Eastern and J. C. Glashaii for the Western (Jircuit, each claim-
ing 77 schools. S. P. Groat, School Inspector of Division No. :.', r<;-
.^igned Dec. 1, 1874, and John Dearness was apiiointed temporarily,
and the same day was appointed regularly.

In tlu! East Middlesex District, of which John Dearness reported in
•lune, 1874, the enrollment was 0,42."), '>4 male and 40 female teachers.
Westminster jiaid the highe.st salary, S520, the other town.ships pay-
ing ?5(J0 ; hut the highest average salary, JS448, was paid by Bid-
liidiili, He sjieaks of #r)'.t,48r).r)7, representing the expenditure for
school purposes in his district in 1877, as being ?5-"i.'^*i.'.H) less than the
amount ex]ieiided in 1876, and further states that the only teachers
presiding over the same schools, in 1878 as in 1875, were Alex.
McMillan and Kate Sproat, of Biddul])h; J, A. Lyman and Flora
McCall, of Westminster, and W, D. Eckert and A. Stock, of London
East, hi his report for 1879 he points out the total expenditures
as 8.V,i,4;i4.2S ; the total enrollment '.t,r)48.

hisjH'ctor J. S. Carson, of the West Middlesex School District, re-
porting in 1878, speaks harshly of the poor qualifications of Middlesex
teachere of 1877. The 97 schools, emjjloying 1 10 teachers, claimed
five teachers holding first class old county board certificates, 38 pro-
vincial and (17 the lowest legal grade. Lobo paid the highest salaiies,
*tOO annually to ienuile and $575 to male teachers. There were

184

HISTORY OF THE

43 brick school buildings and r»4 frame ones. The denotninatii)nal
character of the leacliers shows 47 Presbyterians, o'A Methodists, 11
English Church, 10 Baptists, five Catholics and three Disciples. In
his reitort of June, 1H7!>, he places the expenditure in 187."! at
i:5(12,774.41, including charges to capital account, or S4H,450.0.S, being
^rt.'M per registtn-ed pu])il. There were Hli provincial teachers, ^'
third class, and seven old county board teachers employed, the aver-
iige salary being S291 for female teachers.

Mr. Carson, reporting for the year ending December 31, 1879,
stntes, that tiie nine townships and five incorporated villages in his
division had 4.! brick and nn frame buildings ; 72 male and 40 female
teachers presiding over S,23li pupils. The total sum ])aid teachtirs \va<
.1M-l,2r>:i.;i'.), and, I'or other items, S'<i,!*l().<S4. He complained bitterly
of the extent and obscenity of inscriptions and caricatures on the walls
of school buildings. Inspector Dearness, of Esist Middlesex, reported
an enrollment of '.l,L'()0 pupils, and a total expenditure of Sr);'>,(14:),71.
At the close of IS74 there were two of the old log school buildings in
London Township and three in Biddulph. No. 10 was replaced by a
frame house, and old To, in London, was unused in 1870. In Biddulph
the Langford log school-house was broken up, the Atkinson log school-
house was boar(i(!d on the outside, while the Donnelly school, then
the largest log house in the county, was burneil. The school law of
1S71 is responsil)le for such improvement.

Inspector Carson reported in 1881 an enrollmejifc of 8,248 pupils
in his district, at a cost per cjipita of S(i.2() for the year 188(1, the t<iUl
outlay being §.")], l.'tn.oO. Of the !l!) schr:?ol buildings, not one wa<
erected that year. There were 1 1 2 teachers. 70 males and 42 females,
]jresiding over 3,7<t0 ])Upils, or 4(> per cent, of the enrollment.

John Dearness, of Division No. 2, reported a tot»il expenditure of
«.-.l,7!)().81, of which teachers received «42,084.43. The mimber of
piipils enrolled was ',1,228, showing a male nuijority of 8;U.

The report of Inspector Carson for 1881 gives $"(1,148.48 as tln'
amount exyiended for school purposes in the Western Division and the
number of schools 97. Of 7,023 pupils enrolled, only .t.Cil'.t attended
school over 1 00 days There were 1 1 3 teachers employed, at an aver-
age salary for males of !i!!42!l and for females of §300.

The report on the Eiistern Division by Inspector Dearness show*
an expenditure of f"»0,727. 30. There were 03 male teachers and :'?
female teachers emjjloyed, where in 1874 there were 47 male and 42
female teachers. The enrollment of ',1,177 shows a male majority nt
740.

In.spector Car.son, in his report for the year ending Dec. 31, lUff-
shows $."(3,302.04 expended in the Western School Division, (iri5ii.7"
]ter capita. He fails not to notice that Middlesex exi)end(Ml more on
.schools in 1882 than any other coimty in Ontario, SlU,^^^.^:', of
which the sum of $8."i,378,71 was ex|)ended on teachers' salaries, Iwin^
$r),432.(i0 over the highest sum paid by any other county, I" 'n-

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX.

186

,ominatioiial
Bthodists, 12
sciples. In

in 187:^ al
tSO.OH, being

teachers, 41
ed, the aver-

,er 31, 1879,
illages in his
md 40 female
\ teachers \va'<
lained hittevly
IS on the wall?
lesex, re^ovtol
of lS.'«:'.,<i4:i;i.
01 huiuhngsiii
replaced by a
I. In Biddulpli
ison log school
ly soAiool, then
.'school law of

of «,24« pupil?

1 8S0, the t<iUl

;s not one w?.?

and 42 females.

jUnient.

expenditure ol
[The number ol'

8:U.

1,14S.4S as tk
bivision and the
I :',,(> !'.• attendei!

yed, at an avev-

iDeavnessslioW;
1 teachers and'-.
L7 male and i\
|nale majority ol

Dec. :^1, !>**!:;;

livisiou, <'V !?''•'"
LendiMl move oil

V#ll4,r.-J'i.f;-i,ol

Is' salarii'S, \^r

county. 1"'"'

division 7,701 pupils were enrolled, of whom o.dO."} attended, or 47
iier centum. There were "tl frame and 45 brick school buildings.
Insi)ector Dearness shows a total ex])enditure of $112,184.80 in the
Eiistern Division on an enrollment of 0,02(). There were 57 male
tcacluM's emiiloyed at an average salary of 3384 and 54 female teachers
at 5*240, wliile the average attendance was about 47.0.

In 1888, !?54,.')01.04 were exj)ended on the schools of the Western
Divi.sion, .)f which $4.'>,()15.83 reinesented leacher.s' salaries. The
number of jiupils enrolled was 7,340, or 3,837 boys and 3,503 girls,
Seventy male and 40 female teachei-s were employed. In this year a
new linuse was erected in McCJillivray. In the Eastern Division the
enumeration was 8,715, 4,70."! boys and 4,012 girls, and the cost of
education was §(!.08 per capita. The total ex])enditure was $55,684 31.
Inspector ^arson's report on the Western Division schools for 1884
fives 8."ir),(lii5.72 as total expenditure, or $7 71 per capita, based on an
enumeration of 7,145, .'!,7(i7 boys and 3.378 girls. One hundred and
eleven teacher.s were enjployed. In the P"a.stern Division a total
ex]iendituro of $()0,;!45.27 was reported. The enumeration shows
,s,(;io ])upils, of whom 40 per cent, attended. The Western District
rejiort for 18S5 .shows an expenditure of $50,!I40..J0, or a cost ])er pupil
of S7.07. In Strathroy and Mosa the cost was $(>.:!2 and $5.57
resi)ectively. The average salary ])aid nmle teachers was $442 and
female teachers $319. The school ])opulation was 8,002, while the
average attendance was 4,07.'> ; Strathroy showing 478, of 800 enrolled,
attending. During the year l.'>l teachers were emiiloyed. In the
Eastern District the enrollment was 7,550, while the attendance was
■'iii,t4 per cent. Tiie total expenditures amounted to $51,74(1 50. The
average salary paid male teachers was $447 and female teachers $308.
The liigliest salary paid any teacher was $600 in Nissouri. The
ex])enditure for 188t) in the Western District was $68,561.74, Strath-
roy contributing $8,087.51 and Parkhill $2,588.22 of the total. There
were 122 teachers employed at an average cost of $561.08, atul an
average salary of .'?4.">5.40 for male teachers and $320.00 for female
teaeli(!rs. The enrollment was 7,884 while the attendance was over
"li percent. In the Eastern District the total expenditure amounted
to8r)S,SU.55. The inimber of ])upils enrolled was 7,(544 while the
attendance was a little over one-half. The number of rural school-
buildings was 8S. The averagt- salary i)aid male teachers was $444
and female teachers $308. One of the events of the year worthy of
not«, was the establishment of a kindergarten (the first in this part
of tlie Province) in London South (S. S. No. 2, Westminster).

In 17!i'.' Mr. Strachan, aftcu'warde Bishop Strachan, arrived from
Scotland, with tiie object of taking charge of the college which
'inveriior Simcoe desired to establish in connection with the English
'Imrch Simcoe was gone, and the subject of the college slept. A
yi'iir after, Richard Cartwright, referred to in the ]iolitical history, gave
"1. Strachan charge (>f the education of his four sons, v/ith the privi-

186

IIISIOKY OK TIIK

lege of taking ton more pupils at the rate of $50 each ]ier yoar. In
ISOM Mr. Strachan moved to Cornwall, whither thiiteen of his pupils
followed. Educational matters claimed much of his attention, and on
March 15, 1S27, the University of King's College was chartered, with
nine officers, members of the Church of England. Tliis denominatinnal
feature was removed in 1.S4l'-:i, and a Secular College establislied.
The Royal Grammar School became incorjwrated with tlie Upiter
( 'anada College in 1829. From such begiimings spread forth the several
('ollegiate Institutes which are now found in Western Ontario, In.sti-
tutions for the higher education of women were begun at Sand-
wich by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart early in the fifties, and, later,
continued at London, where, still later, Hellmuth Ladies' College was
established. In the history of London City, sketches of the commou
schools and higher educational institutions are given.

COUNTY OK MIUULKSKX.

187

CHAn'EU XI.

HIGHWAYS*, RRIDGKS AND RAILROADS.

The building of a road through the district where Loudon now

stiiiuls was ordered ni LSI 7. The litie had previously been surveyed

liv (ioveriiiuent otticials, and it remained then for men to turn out and

liiy down the rude " corduroy," ovt^r which the settler's cart rattled and

bumped for twenty years afterwards. The first entry in the road

re"istor was made by John B. Askin, under an order of Session, dated

.liuiuarv 12, \S2'2. The entry shows an examination by A. A. Kapelje,

^nvvtvor for the To\vnshi|)s of Walpole and liainham, of a road from

the bank of Lake Erie, on the eastern line of Kainham Township to the

western limits of the Township of Walpole. Richard Bristol, deputy

surveyor, laid out a road -lanuary 11, IS'Jl, from the line Ixitween lots

"i 1111(1 G Talbot street, to the conflux of Otter ( 'reek and Lake Erie.

On .March L'O, 1S2L', a road in the Townshiji of Bayham was surveyed

oil Innd granted to His Majesty by William Hatch, Thomas Neville,

and Nathan Caswell, residents of Bayham, then in the County of

Middlesex. On this date .lohn Bostwick, surveyor, reported that a

iiwd IVdUi the mouth of Kettle Creek to Talbot road, surveyed in 1821,

was iiniiiaelicable, at least from Goodhue's mill to their still house,

and lie asked the magistrates to alter said road so as to run from the

mill by the house of Daniel Kajxilje, and thence to the summit of the

hill, keeping along the brow acmss the lands of William Drake. Later

in ISL'ii, John Saxton, of Bayham, presented the following letter to the

iiiagistrates of Quarter Sessions : — " Whereas, James Hutcheson has

made apjilication to me to look over the ground that Col. Burwell

surveyed from No. 1(5 to Big Otter Creek, and the line that Mr.

Hazeii ran : I do hereby certify that I find the Hazen line to be on

the Ijest ground and easiest made a comfortable road."

Ill .Septemlier, ISi'i', Samuel Smith, surveyor, recommended altera-
tion of the road on the West Branch of Kettle Creek, so as to pass
thiouj^li the lands of John Mitchell, the Hamiltons, J. Warren and
Heiivy Keaniy to the Talbot road cast. In July, 1S23, Surveyor Jos.
Lemon laid out a road along the Charlotteville town line.

IVter Lossing explored a road from the front of the ;lrd Conces-
sion of Norwich to Cromwell and Schooley's Mills. In September,
1824, Timothy Kilbourn examined the I'roof Line in London from the
uoilh-east corner of the 1 2th Concession to the mill creek crossing of
tlui llth Concession line. On December .S, 1824. John Saxton sur-
veyed a mad in the Townshijis of Bayham and Malahide, from lot 7
"11 the r)th Concession and No. ti on the 4th to Joel Tyrrell's, via Henry
llihlile's, .lolin Coil's and Aaron Tyrrell's. Surveyor James Carroll
"lid out roads in Dereham and Norwich in 1825. Roswell Mount

188

IIISTOUY OK THE

surveyed, in March, 1826, a road nearly parallel with an allowmia; tor
a road between tlie ord and 4th Concessions of London, one b(!<,'iiiniii!;
in the centre of the 4th Concession and one bi;ginninfj in tlie ousltrn
limit of the road allowance between lots (S and 9 in the 3rd Concession,
At this time there was a bridge across the North Branch.

In Nov. 1827, Surveyor Mount laid out a road commencing on the
west side of the East Branch bridge, near the south-east angle of
London Townsliijt, and also other roads in London, t.'arradoc and Lnbo.
He reported the line of a road in Lobo impracticable by reason of its
crossing Silver Creek several times. In October, 1827, John Bostwick
examined a road from the Dereham furnace to the Talbot road, so as
to intersect that road between lots 1.") and lt» in Bayham. In Decem-
ber, 1827, a petition was presented representing the necessity of a new
road froin the Commissioners' Road to the bridge at the forks of the
Thames. In November, 18l'7, Mr. Mount surveyed a road from a
point near the centre of the 3rd Concession of Lobo, beginiiin},' mi
the bank of a large creek and along the bank to the front of the eon-
cession.

In November, 1827, a petition to the Justices represented the
necessity of a road from Burleigli Hunt's store, on the Conunissioiiois'
Koad in Westminster, to the side-road between lots 24 and 2."), on the
Thames in London, across the bridge, and over the river at ()ar{liiiei''>
mill in Westminster, and again from the bridge to the GoveriinKnt
road at Frank's place. This was surveyed by Boswell Mount. In
December, 1827, a road was surveyed between lots 18 and 1'.', in
Westminster, to Watters & Lamore's mill, on the rear part of lot I\
1st Concession. There was a road surveyed from the mill along the
south side of the pond ; also a road from Tiffany's mill in Delaware te
the north branch of Talbot road, to come out near Dingman's farm on
that mad. Sylvanus Eeynolds, foreman of a jury to examine the
ground donated for a Government road through the Township of Dela-
ware, declared that the route is impracticable, and asked for re-location.

In July, 1828, Surveyor John Bostwick laid out roads in the
Catfish Creek neighborhood, in Malahide and Yaraiouth, while Peter
Lossing made re-surveys in Burford, Wingham and Norwich, to facilitate
travel to and from the Norwich saw and grist mill. Wm. K. Cornisli
surveyed a road from the centre of Townsend Townshij) to tlie Indian
lands at the mouth of Patterson's Creek. In March, 182'.', a roaii
from the 4th Concession of London, to the Thames bridge at 13. Wood-
hull's mills, in Lobo, was laid out by Koswell Mount, part of it follow-
ing the old Mill Creek Koad, In April, 1829, a street was laid outliv
Mr, Mount for Dr. Tiffany near his mills in Delaware village. About
this time a road from WoodhuU's mill, in Lobo, to the Longwond>
Road, in Caradoc, at a point near James Craig's farm, was surveyed
by Mount.

On January 13, 1830, the Court of Quarter Sessions resolved :-
" If the membprs of each division of roads were to furnish for tiieir

COUNTV OK MIDDLESEX.

(iivisioDs a proper scraper for furr •

kept i„ possession of the roadmasSfoAt I'^^^T'^ ^^^ "'^^'^ (to Ik.
greatly to tlie edect of the statutTu] '""'' '^<^'"fe'). it WonlZw^

contort of the inhabitants. Sn^iS; "' ^-'^l "^ ^^ "'« ri a^t

ysn.all subscriptions i„ whea d" Wed T'''' "'^" ^«"'^^

tl.e scrapers nm.le in the conrse of the w, ^^'T' ^vho' would ''

recmnmen. s this n.easure to the adorln 'f ,7' ''l^'" '"'"'' «*^«"«'v

llieactof March (i, 1830 «ri/Zl Ti.m'' "''^'^bitants general v"

to l.e expended on roads and tC'^AV ' '' -"'^^ J-"don S Jet

On Ararch 16.1831 £o nnn ''«'»! Geo.

London District to be exptS J'^ar''^^^'^-^. ^'''^'•''«'"-'t to the
Commissioners were Leslie l>.,ff. . '""^ bridges Th<. = ?

wliat is now Ei;,i, 2k Aife^".'; ^n-Jrew Dobie and Is-iae f'^^'^^^^y-'
iJnncan AfcKe; ' W^"?,>'^'' '""^ "enry Shorwi k of Wei '"'"^''' "''
;!"^% .Merrill an^d iZ^tZZrf T'^' S^^^'^ ^SZ'
Craig and Singleton Gardiner /f ?- ^T"^"": ^"s^^ell Moimti'
y son arulJarnes nS o ' St -^ '''''^"''' ^^^'^'^ H"dW- ;''?•'
Alalcolm, Join, Kellv and IW,« !"^T' ^"^ I'o't Stanley v'''
'»'»J. Geo. llig,on and M.vu"' Sacknder, of Norwich Gvv' irV"'^

190

IIISTOKY OF TnE

Wlmnicliff road was siirveyud by Peter* CaiToIl early in is;]l,but
re-surveyed on a new route in September that year by M. Hurwell,
shorteninjT the old route two and three-quarter miles, and avouling the
hills on the old road,

hi early years the Government openetl a road on tlie survey of
J3. B. Brif^liam, from n point between lots 22 and 2:5 on the tirst niiioe
north of the Longwoods road in Caradoc to the town of Adelaide.

In 'luly, lH3i{, Uichard Brown surveyed a road from the north side
of Forbes' bridf^e over the Thames westward through Forbes' orchaiti,
Willson's house and orcliard, to tlie south-west corner of ( 'oiicl'ssIoii 4,
A, ill the broken front, Townsliip of London ; thence diagonally across
numbers .") and 6, in Concession A, keeping the height of liii.d to D
Merrill's saw mill dam ; thence up the hill to Concession B in Loiiiion.
A road was also surveyed through the Ist Concession of Wt'stmiii-
ster, south between lots !• and 8 to the Commissioners' !!f)a(l, ami one
from the south side of the bridge, east along the river bank to Nortoii'j
grist mill ; thence round the pond and across the lands of Hirani
Crawford.

In November, 1842. the Council petitioned Hamilton 11, Killalv,
President of the Board of Works of the Province of Ontario, dniwin?
his attention to the daiigerous state of the bridge over the Thames al
the stage road crossing in Delaware Township. This improvement
was asked for in view of the proposed Provincial Plank Road, which, it
was alleged, would be built along that route.

'Toll Roads. — On Sept. 1,1850, f.i.TOO were paid to the Provinc::i:
Government for the Port Stanley Koad. In December, LSod, a k"
of tolls on the system of government roads was issued to Nov, >
1851, for £824. Tiie county also purchased the Delaware brid^'e i ■
£10(1, and the Brantford roads for £700, the sum being payaiile :;
ten years at five per cent

In response to a motion by Richard Tooley and -Fohn Keiirw
made December 10, 180'.l, the following statement of the length ii |
miles, amount of income derived from tolled roads, and county n:r
paid from January 1, 1852 to December 31, 1808, inclusive, was ma

■rows.sini>.

Adelaide

Caradoc

Delaware

Dorchester North . .
Dorchester North . .
Dorchester North . ,
Dorclieater North . ,

Lobo

London

MO.ES. NAMB or UO.\I>. INCOMK.

t! Sarniaroad $ 2,460 !t7

6 Longwoods road 7 2S2 :it

4 Ijongwoods road 4,44.S .S.l

2 Delaware and Lobobr. load. :i3t) .^S
2g Westniin8ter& Dorchester rd. l,'.t;!2 Iti)

3 fJovernor'a road 2,615 70

9i Brantford road . 11,18^11

1 1 Elgin road 1,7:37 ."iO

5 Sarniaroad 12,.'i6.! 74

7 1-7 Lobo and Williams road 1,321 76

U Dataware and Lobo br. road.. 336 .'iS

6 " Sarnia road 2!), 320 (iti

14^ Adelaide st. k between 8 k !). 6,i)60 til

COINTV KAIl

7i,i«:>
44,.s:i :

Sll.iiW!*!
26«,'2?''l

Carried forward |82,502 48

irly in IHMl.hm

by M. Hnrwell,

land avouliiijj the

on tlio survey of
Ion the first raiiije

of Adelaide.
loni the north side
[h Forbes' orchard,

of ( 'oucessioii 4,

diagonally across
light of lai.J to D
tsion B in Loiulnn.
lion of Wustniiii-
ers' Itoad, and one
r bank to Norton'j
lands of Hirani

iniilton 11. Killalv.
Ontario, tlrawins
ver the Thames at
This iinprovenieni
ank Koail, which, it

id to the Provincial
tnber, ISoO, a ieasf
issued to Nov. olL
)elaware bridge for I
1 being jtayable m [

and John Keams
t of the length ii
ids, and county n'.i |
iclusive, was made

•OM K.
■160 !»7
2S2 ;it
44.S !^r,
:j3tj nH

\y.\2 Slit

615 70

18^ 14

7:37 56

56:! 74

321 76

336 58

320 66

060 (il

(.•orXTY Ml' I

7i,is:^
44.sn:i|

266,;

602 48

m
m

TowNsiiir.

Broiiglit forward.

Londuii 5

/^ndoii ,' 5 1

.Mosa 5

.Vi'.soiiri West .' n

.N'ijisoiiri A Vest 3

Westminster 2i

Wi.'stiiiinster. . , . .' 2

Westminster n

^Vestminster 2''

\*'e^tminst(T <;!{

^Villiams Kast .' '2I

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

»•"■««• NAMK OK LOAD.

Oovernor'a road

'Jrantford road

Haggarty road.'.'.'.',"" •■•

Wytonroad ".Z^a

Governor's road 3,S40

lirantford road.'.'.".'.', ^.fll.';

""»crnors roat
'irantford road
Longwoo<l8 road

1 Orf .'^fat.l...

-""H"'uims road ..
lortsunleyroad...*

'VCOMK.

* 82,502 48

14,118 89

14,38] 06
«.282 63
3,540 96
2,615 69
14.140 00
tt.lflfl 56
64,002 21
1,»32 98
12,625 87
816 46

191
'""••VTY KATK.

fiN,57o'r.5
76,666 98

li)5,192'ir

•WC.. ....,,„, ^ iniio— Or> JSM 1 1 " ^n c 1"

"»■ >' «« tho w 'sfT "> «<«"8<i ttv" Lrt th'" '"\'*P°« of
IlkepriviWeof it.. •"'"'*"»Mi£l.i(l ckm,™ ? "ostamster
•««,.d ,1,4^; i„^'rid*'-^'*eo„, who C i^eSllf f "'!■*

^" I>ecember 18 V^ .1, ^. completed at

13 '• ^^''•^' the Finance Committer r

^ummittee recommended the

192

HISTORY OF TK:

issue of debentures for £11,00(1, i)ayable in sums of XaoO annually,
commencinji in 1854 and ending in 1874. At this time the (li;l)eii
tures outstanding were £4,ri00, due the Provincial Governnunit in
1860; debentures under Bylaw No. 6, maturing in lS54-ri, f2,(i(JU;
debentures under By-law No. 10, due in 1855-7, £0,000 ; deiiciitures
under By-law No 22, payable in 180.!, £20,000, and the dt^luMitures
jnoposed as above for £11,000. At this time, November, 185.!, tiien-
were £27,084 8s. 5d. expended on county roads, and £8,427 8s. 8d.
required to complete the roads then under way.

On Jan. 2G, 1354, Donald Fraser, of the Committee of Public
Itnprovements, reported in favor of appro] iriating £50,0;!0 to [¥■
expended on roads opened in 185.'!, as following : — £5,000 on tliu
Delaware and Chatham roads ; £4,020 on Governor's road ; Welliiii;-
ton Bridge road, £:!,4!»'.l ; Elgin road, £4,158; Currie road, £7,2l'."i;
Hagarty road, £:>,200 ; Adelaide road, £:!,8.'i5 ; London cand Sariii;i
road, £4,800 ; Lobo and Williams road, £5,810 ; Westminster ami
Dorchester townline, £5,0'.I7 ; Delaware, south of the gravelled road,
£5,435 ; London, Wyton and St. Marys road, £0,045.

The totivl amount expended on toll roads in each township between
January 1, 1852, and December 31, 1808, is set forth as follows :-
Adelaide, $25,143.24; ("aradoc. §47,403.10; Delaware, §21,315.811;
Dorchester N., §80,074.40; Ekfrid, §14,833.73; Lobo, 78,l'.t(i.8S:
London, §144,007.51; Mosa, .'S30,.542.78 ; Nissouri W., §40,8()2.4ii;
Westminster, $101,327.38, and E. Williams, §8,770.l>3, aggref;atin!i
§599,197.40. The sum received during the sixteen years was less
than half the amount expended, so that on the face of the account
the toll road apj^etirs to liave proved itself an expensive luxury, as
well as a vexatious improvement. The total sura expended on all
other roads in the county during the sixteen years amounted to
§739,458.50, of which the city granted 814,500.

The expenditure on county roads, from 1850 to 1804 inclusive.
was §49,037.87, the year 1862 claiming the greatest outlay, §11,071.11'
The total receipts for road fund during the six years amounted to
§78,911.22, thus leaving a balance of §29,873.35. The sum of §;!,011
was expended on roads, from which revenue was not derivable. From
Dec. 1, 1851, to Jan. 1, 1872, the townships expended on toll roads
$626,803.73, and on common highways §779,828,»i8. The first item
amounted to $654,272.19, and the second to §807,707.39, by Jan. 1,
1873. The amount expended on tolled roads, from Dec. 31, 1872, to
Jan. 1, 1878, was §92,291.90; while §27,840.67 were expended on
common highways and their bridges; $8,180, county grants, t^xpembl
for township boundary lines ; §21,014.49 for tolled-road bridge,s, and
$3,205 for plank and work on various county roads. From Dec. :>1,
1851, to Jan. 1, 1872, the sum expended on tolled roads was i^'S-
863.73; on common roads, §133,039.95; co ity grant to township
lines, $19,925 ; total, $779,828.68, The total levenue from toll roads.
from 1869 to 1873 inclusive, amounts to $74,199.53. The total amount

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

193

nf tolls loceived from county roads, from 1874 to 1880 inclusive, was
899,(599.71, find the expenditure for repairs, Sec, $l.S3,47l.8S, l)eing
an excess of expenditure over revenue of So;>,772.17.

John Levie, Chairman of a Committee appointed by the Council in
1872 on the abolition of tolls, repoited on December (1, that year, as
follows: — "That the gross amount received annually at toll-gates is
!<18,'i00; that the average annual repairs and renewals amount to
g;!l,0(iii; that the lessees and gate-keepers receive annually i*4,r)()0;
that the City of London oilers to abolish market fees as soon as the
cmintv abolishes tolls." • * * The re])ort recommends the aboli-
tion of tolls, but under plans, which could not bring a total alwlition
immediately.

A Conuuitteo appointed in 1873 to devise an equitable scheme for
tlie iiholition of tolls upon the county roads reported, through .1. Arm-
strong, Mnvch .^, 1874, that in order to abolish tolls and (lo ju.stice to
the niuiiicijifilities which have not received their etjual shart; of road
money.'!, the payment of del)enture debt .shoidd be .so ap[iortioned to
lacli municipality in proportion to the amount expended by each for
Iliad and l)ridge improvement, thus decreasing the anujunts such town-
slii]\s will have to ])ay in the future, as comjtared with rate of payment
m 1S74. Thus the debenture debt of 1874, $ij 1 7,000 (exclasive of
the amount which London City had to ]>ny), would be apportioned
as Mows : — Adelaide, §24,982.91; Caradoc, S44,r)75..'U ; Delaware,
?28,10:!.3(i ; Dorchester, S60,(i.sr).28 ; Ekfrid, *L8,(;61.02; London,
^101,254.9,3; Lobo, $53,716.80; Metcalfe. $20,092.38 ; Mosa. $24,074;
Xissouri, $:53,565.93 ; Westminster, $78,631.23 ; Esist Williams,
Sill,6.n;!.89; West Williams, $8,188.93 ; Strathroy,$:!,271.27; Wards-
ville, .*2,4 10.07; Parkhill, $509.67 ; Newbury, $1,563. Such pay-
ments spread over fourteen years at six per cent., the amount of
annual }iayments to be decided upon by the (Jouncil, and each muni-
cipality have the jmvilege of paying the whole or any portion of such
iimouiit aj)i)ortioned at will. This Committee also recommended that
the toll bridge at Waixisville and the toll roads of the county cease to.
siilieit toll after January 1, 1875. Li August, 1 874, a resolution of
the Council directed the Warden and Solicitor to have a bill presented
to the Ontario Legislature on the basis of the alwve recommendations.
At this time the London City Council agreed to abolish market fees so
long as the county roads were free, and this agreement was ordered to
be noticed in the special bill to be presented to the Legislature. In
•lime, ] 875, the same chairman reported a series of amendments to the
first rejiort.

In Decemhif, 1874, James Armstrong, John Waters and Simon
McLeod were appointed delegates to the Provincial Legislature ta
ailvocate tlit; passage of a bill for adjusting the debt and abolishing
toll roads in this county. The tolls on county roads were abolished
lune 7, IHSl, the by-law taking effect Jan. 1, 1882. At this time
there were 21 leased toll gates and 13 hired under-keepers.

194

IIISTOUY OF THE

In January, 188:.', a comniuiiication from Street & Becher, barrig.
ters, yiointed out tlie illegality of the by-law .sr>2 of Sept. li(i, 1881,
ordering the issue of debentures for etl'ecting the abolition of tolls.
This letter also jwinted out that should the Council carry out tiie
pro|)osition to issue similar debentures, the barristers named wen;
autliorized to bring the matter before the courts.

In December, 186."), the toll gates on the several roads were rented
to the following buyers : —

Gate Xo. 1, Dorchester Town Line, to Ralph Simpson.
2, " " " " Samuel Wilson.

" 4, Elgin Road, to Win. Thompson.
" 1, Lobo and Williams Road, to Robert Laird.
" 2, " " " Wm. (irayson.

1, Wyton Road, to W. F. Howard.
" ;t, Sarnia Road, to A. MeArthur.

" 2, Longwoods Road, to M. A. Langtry.
" 3, " " T. Langtry.

" 1, Ilagarty Road, to R. Dixon.

2, " " J. Martin.

In 1 882 the gates and buildings were sold outright.

Early liri/h/en. — In the history of London reference is madetotlic
first bridges built in the county. In 1 829 a bridge was built over the
Thames, in Caradoc and Delaware, on the road leading from Ymk tn
Sandwich. In January, 18.">0, a sum of £87 K's was still due, anJ
this Slim the magistrates asked the Legislature to grant, as the bridgi'
was a provincial rather than a district work. In the sju-iiig of ISoU
£.")(> were granted towaixl building a bridge on the north branch of the
Thames, on the new road from the court-house. Statute labor \n>
ordered to be expended on the bridge near Dingman's Creek. From
this period forward bridges multiplied, and a few years later fordiii;!
the creeks and rivers was something that had passed away for ever.

James Cull, District Surveyor in 184;{, suggested the building of
a biidge over the Thanio.? in Ekfrid at the Tyrconnell road crossiDp
He pointed out the value of a good road to Tyrcorniell, as their good*
could be shipi)ed or landed with as much convenience as at any jiart
of the lake, except in a harbor. In his report he refers to the 1 )elaware
and Kilworth bridges, and states, that during the winter of 18-l:'-:ithf
ice ] tiled uj) several feet above the railing of the former, and in bolii
cases caused serious injury. With the exception of the two broken
bridges, there was not (in May, 184;i,) a bridge over the Thames ii
150 miles, the distance by river from Lonu. ii to Chatham.

In August, 184.'!, the old Delaware bridge was taken down, ami j
one Leynard, a contractor, Adam Douglass and John Lloyd, black-
smiths, John Dreaker, Win. Jones, John Ia'c and (Jeo. Lockyer, wiv I
accused before ^lagistrate G. .1. Goodhue of tappropriating the iroi
and he ordered them to pay the District £ I H.

In January, 18."i4, a bridge at Lobo Station, on the 0. WI''*,!
and a large number of new roads, were recommended to be ('iin.striicteij

In a communication addressed to the Council, December '.i 18'

COUNTY OF MIDKLKSKX.

195

il voads vveve. rented

liv F. II Talbot, T5i'idge Commissioner, it is stated that the Sylvan
bridi'p ei'orti'd in 18(18 is believed to be the oldest one within the
(Oiiiity. Ho recojnnieiided the removal of the old Delaware bridge ;
al.so one at Wardsville, instead of the twenty-year-old strncture, and
(iiie on tlio comity line in North Dorchester, instead of the existing
stniptinv. Tlii^ bridges leading into Lo'idon, referred to in the history
oftlif city, an; all niodern, time or flood having removed the jtrimitive
structures and their successors. From end to end of the county large
and small bridges are well constructed. The Komoka bridge was
swept away March L* 1 , 188(), by an ice flow. In June, 188<>, con-
tracts for r(>building this bridge, one at Delaware and that at Waubuno,
was sold.

In I8S;! (lovernment engineers, mider G. F. Austin, made a sui-vey
of the Tliauies from Chatham to London to ascertain the practicability
of its navigation. Ainong other suggestions he reported in favor of a
canal from tlie river at Middlemi,ss to Lake Erie, via lona.

Jiailnxuh. — The London and Gore Railroad Co. was incorporated
March G, IS;!-)-, with the object of building a road from London to
Hauiiltiin or Burlington Bay, and one to the navigable waters of the
Tlianu'sand Lake Huron. This company comprised : — Miles O'Rielly,
Edward Allan Talbot, Thomas Tarke, Geo. J. Goodhue, A. N. McNab,
C. C. Ferrie, .lohn ^fcFarlane, Wm. Robertson, Thomas Gibbons, L.
Lawrason, Deiniis O'Brien, John Scatchord, James Hamilton, Joseph
Cowley, Nicholas Galfney, Joseph L. O' iJell, John O'Neil, James
Farley, John Jennings, Harvey Shepherd, John Kent, Albert S.
O'Dell, Henry Shonnick, Hiram D. Lee, Wm. B. Lee, Burley Hunt,
Nathan Grifiith, Andrew Drew, Robert Alway, Peter Carroll, Dr.
Charles Duncombe, Thomas Horner, Oliver Turner, E. A. Spahling,
Geo. W. Whitehead, Peter Bamberger, Manuel Overiield, James Mc-
Fariaiie, James B. Ewart, Thomas J. Horner, Joseph (Jreer, Cr. W.
Bremner, Natlian Jacobs. Charles Goulding, T. U. Howai-d, T. J. Jones,
James Ingersoll, John Young, John Weir, A. McDonnell, Wm. B.
Sheldon, Ebenezer Stin.son, Samuel Mills, Peter Hunter Hamilton,
Abrani K. Smith, Jos. Roleston, T. Taylor, H. Carroll, C. Martin,
James Ritchie, E. Jackson, Jedediah Jackson, Welr-me Y .1e, Luke
V. Spur, Ira Schofield, ALddon Burwell, Andrew Miller, D. A. Mc-
Nab, Wm. Notman, M. Crooks, Oliver Tiffany, P. Burley, Geo. T.
Titlany, Ed. Vandorlip, Wm. Case, A. Smith, and John Law.

As far back as 18;>7 it apjiears that the idea of constructing a rail-
road from tho Niagara to the Detroit River, passing through St. Thomas,
was entertained. A notice in the Liberal calls upon stockholders in
the "Niagara and Detroit Rivers Railroad Company" to pay up their
tirst installment of 2A per cent. This is signed " John Prince, Presi-
dent; Park Farm, Sandwich, U. C." The scheme has slept for a
number (jf years, however, and the dreams of the ambitious settlers
along the line of the proposed road have been since carried out by
their more enterjirising neighbors to the north.

196

HISTOUY OF THE

On Marcli 2!», 1845, the act incorporatiiit» the London & Gote
Railroad (Jo. was revived, but the name was changed to that of "The
Great Western Kaihoad Co." On June !), 19U'>, another act confer-
ring powers on a corresponding committee at London, Eiij,'., was
jjassed, antl on May 30, IS4'.>, the charter was further aiiiended.
A bmnch road to Gait was authorized in Au|»ust, 1850, and on April
22, 1853, an act to anglicize the name into "The Great Western [tail-
way Co." became law.

The building of a main trunk line was provided for in the act
approved August .10. 1851, and in November, 1852, further lej^islii-
tion to facilitiite railroad building was adopted. The act to incor-
ponite the Grand Trunk Kail way was passed Nov. 10, 1852. Tliis
jtrovided lor a road from Toronto to Montreal. On the same day the
Hamilton & Toronto Railroad was authorized.

The act incorporating the London & Port Sarnia Railway CH.
was assented to April 22 185:1. Among the subscribers or sliaiv-
holders were a number of Enghsh cajiitalists, a few residents "i
Hamilton, Niagara and Dundurn. The road was to be built from
the foot of Lake to intersect the Groat Western Railroad at or near
London.

On December 10, 18(1'.», the following motion, showing the attitude
of the Council toward railway companies, was proposed by S. McL«o(l,
and seconded by R. Tooley, " Whereas, it is contemplated by the L?gi^•
lature of Ontario to grant a charter to the Great Western Railroad (j
to enable them to build an air line from IJunville to Glencoe, the pa-
.sage of such an act we deem ])re judicial to the commerce and agricul-
tural interest of western Canada, and extending and confirming tin
present monopoly held by the Great Western and Grand Trunk Com-
panies ; also that the Warden, etc., be instructed to telegraph iuuiieili-
ately to the county members not to support the western bill, but fc
advocate the granting of a charter to an independent comjjaiiy.

The fusion of the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railroads wi-
announced April 28, 1882. In January, 188:>, the work of connectic.
the Great Western division and main line of the Grand Trunk Ijetweei
Sarnia and I'oiiit Etlward, was begun, and the new railrt)ad depot .:: .
Strathroy jjrqjected.

The act to incorporate the London and Port Stanley Railiwi'-
was assented to May 2:!. 185:1 The stockholders named were Mur
ray Anderson, G. \V. lioggs, W. D. Hale, G. R. Williams, Rubt. Thom-
son, W^ni. H. lligman, J. M. Batt, Boyce Thomson, Lawrence I^wra-
son, Lionel Ridijut, S. S. Poraeroy, E. Jones Parke, Elijah Leonaiu
Wm. Smith, S. Morrill, Freeman Talbot, Ellis W. Hyniiin, Tlionii;
C. Dixon, Alex. Anderson, Thomas Cariing, E«iward Adams, Saimif-
Peters, John Iv. Labatt, Wm. Barker, Daniel Harvey, Murdoch Mf
Kenzie, Crowell Wills(jn and Cyrenius I). Hall. The caiiitahtet
was placed at £150,000.

The London & Lake Huron Railroad Co. was incorporated I

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

197

> Loudon & OoK
id to that of "The
inoUier act coufer-

.ondoii, Ei>'^- y'«

further aiueiwed.

850, ami on April

treat Western Uail-

ided for in the act
852, further les^isla-
The act to incot-
[ov. 10, 1B51 This
la the same day the

Saruia Railway Co,
mhseribers ov share.
a few resideutsol
;a; to be hnilt from
,1 llailvoad at ov neai

showing the attituj

rovosedbySMcI^-^l
nuplatedbytUeLegb-l

. Western Uadvoad to.

letoGleucoe.theF;
commerce and agncul-
„., and confiruungtbe
nd Grand Trunk Com-

1 to telet?raph ui"";^;-
,he western bill, hut to

ident comvaiiy.

STest^rn Kaih'oads ^

theworkofcouuectiK

-'arand Trunk tet..ej

new railroad cleiwt i'

Vort Stanley Kailj;j|
ders nan^ed wen. ^h^
Williams, li-W T^«
iiaon Lawrence La»
TCle Elijah Leona^i
ilw Hyman,Tl>«*;

Harvey, Murdoch J^^
lall. The capital st*' I

was iucorpovatecM""*

III IS;")?. This act provided for a road from London to Port Franks,
at the mouth of the Aux Saubles. The incorporators were Elijah
Leonard, . I ohn Carling, David Glass, Marcus Holmes, John Birrell,
Danii.l Lester, Franci.s Smith, James Cousins, Wm. McBride, Patrick
Y. N'onis and John Wilson.

The lii-st lail was jjlaced on the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad
December II, 1875, and the road opened for traffic.

In Octol)er, 188(i, the Michigan Central Railroad (Jo. obtained the
till' ri^'lit to run their trains into London over the London & Port
Stanliy Kailroad. The by-law gi-anting a loan or bonus of $75,000 to
ihc London & South eastern Railway Co. was carried by 1,957 to 329,
ii majority of l.(i2H, in 1887.

June 20 and 21 were the two days of 1887 devoted to the cele-
liration of the entrance; of the Canadian Pacific and the Michigan
Central Kailroads to I^iidon, and in October, 1888, the extension of the
Canadian Pacific Kailroad westward, between Waterloo street and the
river. wa,s begmi.

The London City Street Railway Company's franchise has been
given out gradually, and on Feb. 8, 1885, the by-law granting
privileges to the City Railway Co. for 50 years on Richmond from
York to Dundas, and thence on Dundas to Adelaide, was approved ;
Scatclierd and Meredith being the legal examiners. The road now
extends to the eastern and the northern limits.

Railroad Accidents. — In 18r)3-4 a immber of serious accidents

marked the o])ening of the Great \\'estern Railroad. Strong complaints

were made, and the system improved a little, but still the work of

railroad murdt'r was carried on. In May, 1859, a Mrs. Rafferty was

killed near tJrafton by a Grand Trunk train. Isaac Heysette, a

brakeman, was killed at Mt. Brydges, Sept. 2, 1859, while coupling

cars. Benj. Harding, .son of Wm. Harding, of the City Arms Hotel,

King .street, was killed near Princeton while returning from Niagara,

J in Se]ttemlier, 18(il, The London & Port Stanley Railroad accident of

March 211, 1872, restdted in the death of E. Tonkin and Robert Fletcher,

1 engine drivers, and injury to a number of persons. The deaths on the

rail within the city of London in 1872 numbered six; the collision at

[the race conr,sc resulting in the killing of three persons. The accident

iif June 2(1, at the Adelaide Street crossing, in London, caused the

Ideathof George Thomas. 1 )aniel Ward's head was severed from his

Ibody, and several men were seriously crushed. In November, 1872,

Ian accident on the Port Stanley Railroad, north of St. Thomas, and one

Ion the (jrand Trunk Railroad, three miles south of Thorndale, were

Ireconled. William T. Brown, of London, a brakeman on a freight train,

|wa.s torn to ])ieces by an express train at Appin, J\dy 18, 1873. It appears,

[while engagcid in cooling a journal of his train, he left his lamp on the

jinain track. Seeing the exjiress coming, he reached for the lamp, was

Struck instantly, and carried under the train. The railway collision at

"hamesvil'.e, Aug 30, resulted in serious injury to fourteen persons.

198

IIISTOHY OF THK

Mrs. Groves and her three children ; Mis. Nichols, of London, anil
Mrs. Black, of Strathroy, were among the injured. ( 'hristopiier
Cfardiner, a yotith residing near Glencou, was run over by a train of
seventeen Hat cars in November, and his body cut into two ])art.s.

The destruction of a passenger coach near Komoka, February 3,
1874, resulted in the incineration of nine human beings iiiul fatnl
injuries to three others. A coroner's inquisition was held at Komoka
when witnes.ses related that the train, composed of the engine, tlirw
oil-tank cjirs, one baggage, one second-class and one first-class cars
the last containing about fifty passengers, left London at (l.liS ]i. lu.
When within three or four miles of Komojva, the saloon in the forwunl
end of the passenger car was discovered to be on fire, from the laiii]!
therein having fallen or having been knocked down. The conductor
hurried forward from the rear end of the car, and told the brak-emaii
to go over the cars and get the engine stopped, as the bell-rope did not
extend over the oil-cars, and there was no means of signalling tn tin-
engineer. The brakenian returned and said that he could not "et
over. The conductor then went himself. The brakeman had iit the
first sight of the fire applied his brake, which ])revented the success of
the attemi)ts made to detach the burning car from the others. The
conductor had succeeded in reaching the engineer and stoppiii" the
train, and by that time the train going at twenty-five miles an hour,
had made over a mile from the time the fire was discovered.

Rev. S. Hooper, of Woodstock, said : — " All pressed to get out
behind, as far as I could see ; I sj)rang with the rest, and was taken
with the press out the rear door. I tried to get down the steps, on the
south side of the car. They were full of ])eo])le hanging on for life. 1
did what I could to push them oil' the .'•teps, but found it (piite imp
sible, they clung so tenaciously to the rails. IJeing close to the lioor
1 was getting suffocated with the smoke and flanie, and fell duwii.
One leg got between the brake rod and tlie centre one, and wa-
pinioned there till the fire removed those pressing on me. The nois'
of the people gasping for breath was terrible. Some were groaninsioii
the track, and others shrieked as they fell off. A few only fidl oil the
step, but many were puished oil' or fell olf the end. The llaiiie ami
smoke coming out the door was so great that no one could last long «
the platform. As soon as I could disentangle my leg, I throw niyseli
from the car. People were lying on every hand, and thosis 1 coiil:
reach I assisted as 1 could. Only one man, that I .Staw, was tiikiii *
the car when it stopped ; the rest that were not dead got oil' them
selves." The daughter of Conductor Mitchell is said to liave cast her- 1
self out of the window, while othei's state that the conductor flunffti
girl out. Among the dead whose bodies were identified wore Joi
McKellar, of the Strathroy school; Miss Purves, of Petrtdea; a si
of Geo. Burnham, of Strathroy ; an Indian woman and her infant; ■
H. Breathwick, of London, with Miss ScarcliH' and Mi.ss Harriett Diiin
Those who received serious injuries were John Hay, a merchant '

COUNTY OF MIDIJLKSKX.

19»

Toninto; Daniel ^fcKellar, of K ,;aoka ; John H. Harsdeii, who
iL'siilid tliivi^ mil(!s from Simcoo ; Jolin C. llobinsoii, of Watford;
Au<;u.stuH Blessing, of Strathroy ; Neil McGu<,'an, of Strathroy; Mrs.
Crawford, wifb of Samuel Crawford, agricultural implement raanufac-
tiinsr, of Loiuloii ; Geo. ^Foncrief, Mayor of Petrolea; Mr.s. Lawrence,
(,f Fctrolea ; Miss Martha Donaldson, of Komoka ; VV. H. MuiTay, of
Stratlaoy; jMiss Mitchell, of Sarnia ; Mrs. Ryan, John Zavitz and
wife, of iobo; Mrs. Freeman, of lii<,'er,soll ; Dr. Smith, of Komoka;
Kev.' Mr. (,'ollamore, of London ; Kev. S. Hooper, of Woodstock ; two
iiion imiiied Graham, of Lobo ; Arthur Orton and Me.ssrs. Dearness
and Miller.

The railroad accident of July 25, 1874, occurred near the scene of

the Iraiii Ijuviiing of March previous, at the entrance to Sifton's (Jut,

about four miles east of Komoka. It appears that some malcontent

rcinovcd the rail ])lat(!S, so that when the locomotive .struck the loose

; rails, the eiij,'ine, tender, bagga<,'e, second and two first-class cars were

[hurled from the track down the embankment. David Osborne, en-

[tiiiiecr, was instiintly killed.

liobert Scott, a drover of Lobo, was killed at Colborne street rail-

Iway oiossini,' in Novend)er, 1875. In the railroad accident near

IPriuceton, at Goble's Swamp, Oct. 5, 1876, William Cooper, the driver,

IfiUd Andrew Irving, of London, were killed ; also G. Wright, bagg<age-

aastvv, James Andrews, ex])ress man, Win. Leggatt and Thomas Mc-

Bvide, of Detroit.

In June, 1(S7H, the body of a man was found on the track at
v.oniol<a. In his hat were the fragments of a letter dated " Chicago,
Wabiish ave.. No. 927." A report was that it was Baron Theodore
^n Jasiuund, then editor of the Detroit Volksblatt, who settled in
Lamljtou County in 1865, and resided in the house erected by Admiral
^'idal. In October, 1879, one ('rowe, a drunken cooper, leapeil into
locomotive called " The Oil King," opened the throttle wide, and
Bitched the engine at the corner of Simcoe and Adelaide streets. Out
^f the mass of debris, steam and fire came Crowe uninjured, proclaim-
ag " I can lick any man in Canada !" He was arrested and " made
I eat crow."

The funeral of James McGrath, his wife, his brother Matthew, and
liss Ellon Blake, all victims of the Clandeboye accident, took place
[anuary 6, 1881, from the Catholic Church. The excursion train from
'«) uga to London, September, 1881, came in collision with a heavy
eif,'lit near Aylmer. The engineer of the passenger train, Richai-d
i^alnisley, his son William, Wm. ( 'ook, of Aylmer, Hines, of Delhi,
(id an unknown man were killed. Cheesborough, engineer of the
eight, escivped.

The collision on the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, December
0, 1882, resulted in the death of Wm. Strongman, a fireman. In
^Fil, 1886, two men attempted to jump from trains at London,
|nl both were killed. One of them was Thomas Lloyd, formerly a

200

HISTORY OF THE

1 v,avp Thp railroad accident of December 29, I86i; at
cigar maker here, ihe i'^'™ * . ^^^^m and the destruction
Komoka, ijsulted m ^^^X yccW^^J o^. the London & Port Stan-
of cars and locomouves I" ^Wm^^^^^ Joshua Sicily, ofUndo,,

''' 'Sd • TJ'e tS hSrust at St. Thomas in July 1887^.
were killed ■'■,"'' '.""i !.,„„ t w Tiavnes and daughters Edna,
suited in the burning of Mi ^ J. ^. K^y^"« ^ ^^^

Verna and Lila ^.^"^ --8^ « ^ ^^^ E^^^^^^^^^ ^^.^. ^ ^.^^^^

was known as the Y m, iSwoen the pav car and frame of coahy
Burt was crushed to ^-^^^^^j^^^^^ d%ot November 13, 18.
opposite the London i^raiiQ 11 u ^^^ j^^of statistics, that moiv

"^ rrr*\lf fclCout 'o?Uow, than f,o,„ .i,»
accidents.

COUNTY OK MIDULESKX,

201

CHAFTER XII.

AdUICULTURAL AND OTHER SOCIETIKS, POPULATION, ETC.

In 18.")5 Governor Colborne fjranted to SherilT A. Rapelje and his
successors in office a charter to hold a public fair in the town of Lon-
don three times annually, together with the right of levying tolls as
aiiproved by the magistrates. It does not appear that such charter
rights were ever fully exercised, but fairs were held on the court-house
I sijiiiuc anil streets adjoining. In February, 1857, the Council asked
: tli.'it the same privileges be transferi-ed from the Sherilf to the Mayor,
basing their demand on the fact that London was sej>arated from the
[county ])olitically. Preceding this move of the Council, Councilman
[Barker moved, in Sejit., 1848, to have a bill introduced in Parhament
I to establish an annual fair at London. At this time the use of the
[Town Hall was granted to the Middlesex Loan Association and the
JAgripultural Society for stated meetings.

Till' address to Governor-General James, Earl of Elgin, by the

|C'ouni'il, is dated May 7, LS47. This speaks with approval of the

lEiul's administration, and with indignation of the " insults committed

I the jierson of Your Excellency." in October, 1849, the Governor-

jeneral was invited to visit London. To receive him, the Council

ailed on the following officers to order out their commands : — Edward

hews, Captain of Light Artillery Company ; Captain John Smith,

t-ondon Vol. llifle Co.; .loseph F. Ilolfe, No. 1 Fire Co.; Charles

Lskew, Hook and Ladder Co. ; Sam. McHride. Juvenile Fire Co., and

i^m. Till, master of the London Band. It may be noted that in the

^layor's invitation to the Governor, the latter's administration was

ttdorsed, though the phrase was opposed by Nash and Carling.

The t'ounty Agricultural Society held the annual exhibition in
he Market Hou.se, April 22, 18.")1, the Council having hitherto granted
ermission. On Oct. 7, the same year, a more important meeting was
eld on the old grounds, east of the town, then in possession of thi;
Ireat Western Ifailroad Oomjjany. The ladies' and mechanics' depart-
ments were arranged in the old ]Market House, as in April, thirty-six
pticles being exhibited in the first-named, and eighty-six in the last-
Biued.

The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: — John B.

skin, Esq., president; T. C. Dixon, Esq., 1st vice-president; Geo.

obson, Esq., 2nd vice-president; E. Emery, Esq., :>rd vice-president;

olin Stiles, Esq., treasurer; James Farley, Esq., secretary. Commit-

•c-James Nixon, David Main, William Beattie, William Bell, West-

5 Ulster; Kobert Kobson, William Balkwill, Chri.stopher Walker, Wm.
core, George Belton, London Township ; George W. Harper, Elijah
mm], Wm. Barker, Roger Smith, town of London. Mr. Askin

202

HISTOKY OF TIIK

stated that the reveiiiio of the year, exclusive of £100 <,'vaiit((l liyth,.
London Town Council, amounted to jCoO'.i 16s. oid., of whicli the suin
of XiV.I.'i lOs. 4d. was expended.

On Jan. L'8, 18r)2, a committee of the Council suggested a lU'titimi
to the Ix;gi,slatui'e asking for the sale of the North Block in the town
(if London, the jiroceeds to be expcmded on the purchase of lands lir
jigricidtural j)urposes and for the holding of free fairs.

Iti September, 1 .S.")3, £.")00 were granted by the London Council to
the Provincial Agricultural Society, on conditicm that the "next fair W
held at London. John Scatcherd, reporting December 2, IS.io, on the
([uestion of the purchase by the county of the barrack grounds at
London, recommended the Warden to communicate with the Ovdnmici'
I )epartment regarding ])rice and terms. I'rior to this, in Si!])tenilx'r,
18")3, Mr Scatcherd and Mr. I'arisli moved that steps should Ijctiikunto
secure the Provincial Exhibition of 18.'>4 for London. Many of tlms
who took an intw'e.st in the Provincial and were active mendwrs of the
as.sociation was first held in London, have passed away. The memlHr<
of the local committee at London in 1854 were J. B. Askin, Presiihii;
Middlesex Agricultural Society ; Thos. C. Di.xon, M. P. P. ; .luhii
Scatcherd, Warden of Middlesex ; Marcus Holmes, Mayor ; J, B.
Strathy ; T. Locker, Warden of Elgin ; G. Alexander, President Oxfunl
Agricultural Society ; Mr. Wm. Balkwill, London Township; Mr John
Stiles, do. ; Mr. Wm. Moore, do. ; Mr, (Jeo. Kobson, do. ; Mr. Jaiiie^
Quarry, McGillivray; Mr. Wm. Barker, city; Mr. John Carling, do;
Mr. Wm. J. Fuller.

In September, 18.")4, the Governor-General visited London to opii
the Exhibition. Arches were erected at the railroad on llichinond St.,
one at the corner of Kichmond and Dundas, one at the Westurn
Hotel on Richmond, and one at Robinson Hall on Uimdas — the same
as on the day of the opening of the G. W. R. R. Sherilf Treadwell, of
L'Original, was then President of the Provincial Association. His
predecessors back to 1846, when the first Provincial Exhibition was
established, being : — Wm. Matthie, of Brockville ; T. C.IStreet, Niagan
Falls ; J. B. ]\Iarks, Kingston ; John Wettenhall, Nelson ; Sheriit
Ruttan, Cobourg ; Adam Ferguson, Waterdown ; E. W. Thompson, of
Toronto, 1846-7. The amount of prizes and the number of entries at
the various Provincial Exhibitions since the first inception in 1846 to
1854 are as follows : —

1,63"'

3,0(:i

2.8'2')

Toronto, 1846 «1,600 00 1,150 Niagara, 18.50 $.-),000 00

Hamilton, 1847 3,000 00 1,600 Brockville, 18.11 5,000 00

Cobourg, 1848 3,100 00 1,500 Toronto, 1852 6,000 00

Kingston, 18U) 5,100 00 1,429 Hamilton, 1853 6,400 00

London, 1854 $7,200 00 2,933

On that day in 1854, about 30,000 persons were present.

In February, 1859, the Legislature was asked to grant authority
to the city to erect exhibition buildings. Later the question was car-
ried forward energetically with a view of securing the Provincial h«

COUNTY OK MinHLESKX,

L'Oli

of 1S60. Ill October, 185!», a proposition was made to tlin Council to
sell t(i the rity twenty-six acres of Crown laiicls for £3,000. The
(ieli'i'fttcs t(i Kiiifjston iind other ])lace8 in the matter of obtaining votes
|i)i kviiii! the lair at London were: — Col. Askin, J. K. Brown, V. G.
'Sovm T!il. liiickley, M. Keefer, Messrs. Saml. King, Black, llisdale,
MeCiiIIouu'h, and ^loderwcll. These with the ilelegates from Ciiatbam
were paid i#-"T exi)enses.

In Si']iteiiiber, 1860, the sum of .^750 was appropriated for the
rL'Lviitioii of (me of the Queen's sons. On Oct. '.» a great free fair was
lalil at lAtiidou. Tlie agreement between the Coqwration antl the
lidiiid of Agriculture of Upper Canada as to exhibition grounds was
inadL' Sfjit. 28, ]8()1. The Corporation agreed in consideration of
.s4 00(i to grant to the Board of Agriculture certain rights in that part
ol thi' e.Nhibition grounds which lies east of Wellington street and
iiiiith of Great Market street, and in the buildings then erected thereon.

Tlie Provincial Exhibition, Crystal Palace, of London, in the
vicinity of the old barracks, may be said to have been completeil in
ISGl, in time for the show of that year. The direct cost was S'J.OOO,
wiiilc alioiit §6,000 were expended on additional buildings after plans
1)V W. lioiiin.son, then City Engineer. The locjility of the exhibitions,
amount of iiiize money and number of entries since the last exhibi-
tion of London, are given as follows : —

Cnlrourf:, 18,^". S 9,000 00 3,077 Toronto, 1S58 $10,700 00 5,572

Kingston, isr)« 9,000 00 3,791 Kingston, 1859 10,800 00 4,830

llraiitloril. 1857 10,000 00 4,337 Hamilton, 1860. . 15.015 50 7,532

London, 1861 .$12,031 00 6,242

In 18C5, a third Provincial Exhibition was held here. The gi'ow-
ing impulai'ity of the city in 18(15 may be learned from the following
table, showing the cities where exhibitions were held, amount of prize
munev and number of entries : —

Toronto, 1862 $12,036 50 6,319

Kiiiif.ston, 1863 11,866 00 4,756

Hamilton, 1864... $12,559 ."iO 6,392
London, 1865 13,454 00 7,221

In January, 1860, the Council applied to the authorities of London
city for ilocunients to secure the right of the County and of the Eiist
Middlesex Agricultural Society to the joint use of the ground, known
as tiie "Exhibition Ground," north of the barracks, in accordance
with the old agreement, when the Council and Society granted a large
.<iini of money to aid in erecting the exhibition building.

Tlie local committee of the Provincial Exhibition of 1869 com-
I'lisi'd James Johnson, president; Wni. AIcBride, secretary ; Mayor S.
H, Graydon, treasurer; E. Glackmeyer, David Hughes, \V. S. Smith,
John Christie, John Campbell, Murray Anderson, T. Partridge, jr.,
I'ity Councillors ; John Stewart, James Durand, Wm. Barker, .James
M. Cousins and Wm. Saunders, all of the city. The county members
of this imiioitant committee were : — Thos. lioutledge, Warden of Mid-
likse.x ; H. Anderson, Deputy-Keeve, Westminster ; It. Tooley, Reeve,

204

HISTORY OF THE

Dorchester; H. Johnson, lieeve, Delaware; J. Whcafon, IVosidont Rut
Middlesex Agrictdtural Society ; A. lirown, Reeve, Nissouri ; A. Mc.
Kelkr, Deimty-Heeve, Nissonri ; J. Nixon, Keevc, Meteulft; .1. Cot.
belt, Keeve, lAIcOillivray ; K. H. f )'Neil, lieeve, P.iddulpii ; J. WnteP,
Reeve, E&nt Williams; S. McLood, Reeve, West Williams; L, clever-
don. Reeve, Adelaide; M. McArthnr, Reeve, Loho ; R. I irown, lieeve.
iMetcalfc; II. AlcFarlane, Reeve, Kkfrid ; .1. Watterworth, Rei'Vc, Mosii:
T. Northcott, lieeve, Caradoc ; W. Neill, Reeve, WardsviJli! ; J, [i
Dewan, Reeve, Stratiiroy.

One of the (J^ueen's sons, known as Prince Arthur, arrived in Lnii.
don Sept. 21, 186'.>. K. F. Matthews wrot(i the ode of wdiioine, mid at
least half the j)eo])le joined in the welcome. The occasion wa.s the
openiuf,' of the exhibition. The amount of yirizes oll'ored was gSU.iiiin
and the number of entries 7,t)88. For comi)arison the following table
of prize money and entries is given ; —

Toronto, 1866 812,710 00 6,279

Kingston, 1867 12,731 00 4,815

Hamilton, 1868 Sl:i.:iOl fiO 6,ii*

London, 186!) M.OOO 00 7,fiv<

The latter-day exhibits of the Provincial Society are referred to in
the followiuf; table, the figures denoting prize money and ninnberof
entries respectively : —

Toronto, 1870 $16,000 00 6,897

Kingston, 1871 15,000 00 6,682

Hamilton, 1872 15,000 00 7,714

London, 1873 15,000 00 8,920

Toronto, 1874 17,000 00 8,662

Ottawa, 187') $18,000 Oi

:3''

Hamilton, 1876 18,237 CO 10,011

Hamilton, 1880, $16,994 ; 11,252.

London, 1877 I(i,;i20 00

Toronto, 1«78 17.947 00

Ottawa. 1879 14,957 50

10, ii^
ll.'ili

In 1877, L. E. Shipley, of Greystead, was president, and in 188ii
.1, B. Aylesworth, of Newbury.

Western Fair AsHocuitiou. — In 1367 the idea of a Western Fair
originated in the minds of .Fames Johnson (Sunnyside), George G,
Magee, Richard Tooley, M. P. P., James Cousins, Henry Ander.soii, ai
W^estminster, the Late Wm. McBride and John Campbell. At a joint
meeting of the City Horticultural Society and the East Middlese.x Agri-
cultural Society, held on March 21, 1868, it was resolved that the two
Associations should unite for Fair purposes, and Messrs. J. M. Cousins,
Wm. McBride, John Campbell, J. Wheaton, Henry Anderson and I
Pincombe were appointed a committee to carry the project into eliect
The first meeting of the new joint board was held on the 22nd of
April following, when the committee above-mentioned submitted a
report containing a basis of amalgamation, which was accepted. Thus
the Society was formed, the following Directors being appointed ;-
James Johnson, President Horticultural Society , Geo. G. Magee,
President of the Agricultural Association ; Wm. McBride, J. Wheaton,
John Pincombe, Alex. Kerr, Henry Anderson, J. B. Lane, Thomas
Friendship, Alex. Mackenzie, George Jarvis, James Anderson, Cha?.
Tuckey, W. S. Smith, Robt. Robson, R. Tooley (now M. P. P.), A.

COUNTY OF MIDULKHEX.

205

MiicArtliiir, J. M Conaiiia, John Stewart, .Fohn CarnplKiU, J. Diimiid,
.l,,liii Kllintt, T. Uoutlodoe, John Moon, W. It. Viiiiny and Mayor
Arkill. 'I'lu! first was liiild on SeptenilMir 2'Jth and 3()th, 18()8, in the
(lid iliiil slii'd. Over two thousand dollars was f,nven in prizes. It is
n,iw iiiii' III' till' in.'ititutions of the Western Peninsula, and has long
since jiassetl the Trovincial in the estimation of the j)ublic. In 1870 u
wrv snc(H's.sfiil Kair was held, and in October, 1872, the third meotinf;
wiLs (i})i'n('ii by Governor Duil'erin and his wife.

On June 12, 1874, a joint resolution of the London City Com-
mittee and tlio Committee of the (Jounoil provided that should the
cnunty iiiid the Af,'ricultural Society of ICast Middlesex relinquish
their rii^lit.s to the Fair Grounds, the Exhibition Committee of the City
('(luncirwduld nicounuend the purchase of not less than thirty acres,
tci k' fiiiprovud of by the county and the Agricultural Society, and on
wjiirli would be built suital)le houses, the purchased ])rioe of grounds
and jfwt iif Iniildings not to exceed the sum to be reiilized from the sale
(if .sixioen acres of the old grounds, between Wellington and Waterloo
street.^, the same rights to be given the county and Agricultural Society
in the new grounds and buildings as they held (1874) in the present
>;voun(ls, but the carrying out of this pro])osition was deferred. In
KS8 1 no less than $-0,944 were expended on grounds and buildings,
under the direction of Thomas H. Tracy.

The year 188(1, when oidy S8,000 was offered, was the year when
the We.stern Fair nearly collapsed. The sale of a portion of the old
oiounds and other causes had Iwought matters to such a pass that it
became necessary to make strenuous eilbrts to save the Fair from going
under. In this emergency the London Board of Trade Ciinie to the
rescue and saved the Exhibition. Among those who assisted to put
tlie Western on its new basis were A. W. Vorte, J. W. Little, T.
Htrtert Marsh, A. M. Smart, W. J. Eeid, W. Y. Brunton, W. M.
Gartsliore, W. R. Hobbs, Colonel U. Lewis, Msiyor Cowan, J. D.
Sharraan, and these gentlemen were heartily supported by the county
meniters, among whom were Colonel F. B. Leys, Geo. Douglass, Allan
liojjue, 1). Mackenzie, ex-M. P. P., R. Whetter, A. J. B. Macdonald
and R. Dreaney.

A new plan of organization, originated by W. Y. Brunton, was
adopted, whereby all agricultural societies or other associations for the
liiuduction or manufacture of useful articles, or for the protection and
aid of those engaged in such manufactures or production, were given
representation. Each association nominated one or two members of
tlie Western Fair Association, according to its size, and these delegates,
meeting aimually, elected the Western Fair Board. The City Council,
liiiwever, reserved the right of appointing five members with its Mayor,
and the East Middlesex Agricultural Society were also given control of
six directors' berths. That left twelve to be filled by the association
to make up the total number of twenty-four.

In 1887 the old Fair Grounds on Richmond street were surveyed for

206

HISTORY OK THE

building lots, and the Queen's Vaxk, in No. 5 Ward triinafeired to the
city for exhibition purposes. In September of that year tiie buildinc^
were conijileted, at a cost of $(iO,000. The gi-eat fair ojiened Septtnibet
20, that year. The officers for 1888 compri,sed the followiiifr gentle.
men : — A. \V. Porte, president ; Geo. Douglass, first vice-i)iesi(leiit;
tl. W. Little, second vice-]>resident ; Donald Mackenzie, treasurer;
^lessrs. Magee, Greenlees & Thomas, solicitors ; George McBrooni,
Secretary ; Jose])h Hook, superintendent of grounds; Geo. F. Jewell.
F. C. A., and .1. S. Dewar, iiuditors. The board of diiectors cum
jirised ; — A. VV. Porte, Geo. Douglass, F. P. Leys, T. Herbert Mar>li
A. M Smart, Allan Bogue, W. J. Keid, W. H. VVintiett, Thos. Connor
Frank Shore, Geo. Taylor, W. Y. Brunton, J. W. Little, D. Mackenzi,.,
W. M. Gartsliure, W. 11. Hobbs, 11. Lewis, Itichard Whetter, Janie;
Cowan, John Callaid, A. J. B. Macdonald, llichard Venning, Henrv
Dreaney and J. 1). Sharman.

The new grounds are very attractive. The soil being sandy ani
the sinface undulating, the grounds are not afi'ected even by a lieaw
lain. The buildings are all new, light and commodious, and luiiii
after the most modern style of architectural beauty. The olticers of
the exhibition are painstaking and courteous, and are succeeding
admirably in the important and arduous task of making the Western
Fair a permanent and usefid institution to the diversified interesboi
Western Ontario, and second, of course, only to the great Industrial at
Toronto. Much of this success is attributable to the energy and skill
of the secretary, George McBroom, who is aided by an al:)ie and com-
petent directoi'ate.

The great fair of 1887 was opened September 20th. The e.xliibi-
tion of 1888 was opened September 21st by the Minister of Agricul-
ture, John Carling. A comjjarative summary of the chief entries tlii-
year and last will prove interesting : —

1887. 1888.

Horses .") t7 448

Sheep 31}) 358

Poultry .124 G14

Horticultral 1,318 2,122

luiUaii Kxliibits t)81

Jjadies' Work 571 553

There w^as an increase of 1,421 entries over 1887, a fact ovt:
which the dii'ectors had reason to rejoice. At the same time in son);
of the departments there was a falling off in the muuber of es-
hibits, but this was mainly in the minor departments. The entries ■:
honey fell olV from seventy-nine in 1887 to twenty-four in l^^^S
iMigines and machines fell olf from twenty-two to eighteen ; stovr
from thirt)-three t(j fifteen, and cai'riages from fifty-one to forty-livi
In the fine art department the difference was more striking, the eutrir
this year being only 227 against 347 in 1887.

The Presidents of the Western Fair Association from 1868 to IS"'
areas follows: — 18(i8, James Johnson; 1870, James Johnson; ISm

1887.

Cattle 285

PiRS 132

Agricultural Proihictti ... 308
Agricultural Imiilenieuts. li)S
Fine Arts 347

liichai
•lolin 1
A. Mi
.lohii

18eS7-f

(i{ jiarli

Till

1844.

James

presitlei

of Cana

Tlie

London

<ient; t

lliowii,

Lawraso

Jose]tIi

tural 8n(

^•2,m i

•■^ 1 0,000

in 1872.

The

I'atrons <

Far II

Farmers'

January,

man, an(

folIo\v.s :-

Tlioinas

treasurer,

(-'liai'les 1

F. Elliot,

•'oseidi \\

~\l Von

ir. 0.

'na '.• 1 le sa

\m, wh,.
fiiwnslii|i
London ; '
liiss, li. W
A. Kainsa
F. <(•• (,
ized in 1 S';
annual m,
•^fcretaiT ;
-Mercer,"( ;.

COUNTY Ol'' .MIDItLKSEX.

207

ifevved to the !
the buildings
led St'pttiubet
lowiiif^ gentle-
■ice-))vesident;
zie, tveasuret;
•ge McBroom,
ieo. V. Jewell
directors com-
[erbert Marsh,
, Thos. Connor,
1). ^lackenzie.
Hietter, Janie;
cniiing, Henry

•eing sandy and
von by a heavy
lions, and Iwiit
The otlicers ui
are succeeding
\i\g the Westerc
ified interests oi
gat Industi'ialat
enertjy and skill
1. aVile and cm-

h. The I

lister of Agricnl-

ihief entries thb

1887.

ISfe

'285

■&

•m

i»(

l',)8

Icuta.

ks7, 11 fi'ct ovt:
[lie time in s«-
1 imnil)er of «•
Tlu! entries";
j,y.four in l^^*^
leii^hteen ; 5t")f^
lone to fortv-li^i'
liking, the eiilnf'

Ini 1868 to 185
iJohnson; ISi'

Ilichani Tooley ; 1S72, Wm. Saunders ; 1874, James Johnson ; 1875,
.lolin H. (iritmhs; 187(1, A. S. Emery ; 1878, Joseph Johnson ; 187H,
A. .McCorniick; 18S0, Geo. Doui^las; 1882, John Pluminer ; 1880,
.lohii Kennedy; 1884, E. 11. Kobinson; 1886, Jiichard Whetter;
18!:*7-S, Ciijit. A. W. I'ortc.

A descnption of the <,Tounds and buildings is given in the sketches
of parks in the history of London.

The Ontario Entomological Society met at London in October,
1844. E. I). Heed, of London, was re-elected .secretary and treasurer ;
James Fletcher, of Ottawa, being vice-president, and W. Saunders,
jiresideiit. A medal wa.s awarded this society for the best exhibition
of Canadian fish at the Fisheries Exhibition, England.

The Horticidtural and Mechanical Association of the Town of
London was organized August 21, isr)2, with JMarcus Holmes, presi-
dent ; Cxcorge W. Harper and John Waidess, vice-presidents ; John
lliown, treasurer ; John C. Meredith, secretary ; James Daniell, L.
LawnisDii, Wm. Rowland, A. Lowrie, Wm. lloss, Elijah Leonard and
Jo.sejih Anderson, managers. On September 27, 1855, the Horticul-
tniid Society held an exhibition at the City Hall. This Society gave
;<2,500 in jirizes in 1SG8; 80,000 in 1870; .%,000 in 1871, and
SiUMHIO in 1872. The entries increased from 2,037 in 1868 to 7,08'.i
in 1872.

The Grange. — On June 2, 1881, the sixth anniversary of the
Patrons of Husbandry was celebrated at Port Stanley.

Fanners' Inxtitutc. — A ])reliminary meeting for the formation of a
Farmers' Institute for the liiding of East Middlesex was held in
January, 188(i. li. Whetter, of Westminster, was appointed chair-
man, and T. Baty, secretary. The election of oflicers resulted as
follows: — President, F. Baty, Westminster; vice-president, Ca])tain
Thomas Eobson, Jlderton; secretary, W. L. Brown, London West;
treasurer, li. Whetter, Westminster. Broad of Directors — London-
Charles Trebilcock, Grove ; 1{. \\'. Jackson, Ilderton Westminster —
F. Elliot, Wilton Grove ; Jame.- Ballantine, Lambeth. Nissouri —
.loseidi Wheaton, Thorndalc ; E. A. Brown, Cherry Grove. Dorchester
—11. Venning, Itichard Tooley, Mos.sley.

ir. 0. S. li. A. — The Western Ontario Stock Breeders' Association
iiiav he said to have had its origin in the London meeting of Jan. 21,
18rf8, when M(;ssrs. Farnham, Hobbs, EoUson and P»eli, of London
Township; Kobinson, McCartney, John Stoneman and W. Taylor, of
London ; T(K)le, Gorwell, J(jhn Geary, F. Shore, E. Gibson, T. Doug-
lass, i;. Whettev, J«din Coughlin, Ecjeve of We.stminster, Ed. Charlton,
A. Kainsaiid 1! Craig, were apiminted a committee on organization.

F. if' (j. P. S. — -The Fish and Game Protective Society was organ-
ized in 187"). Among the leading members in 1882, when the sciventh
annual meeting was held, were D. Niveii, ]iresident; D. Skirviiig,
secretary; W. C. L. Gill, E. Wallace, S Turner, John Courins, E. G.
Mercer, (i. Kelly, F. T. Trebilcock, C. A. Stone, Iu.spector P. McCaini.

208

HISTOliY OF THE

The officers elected that year were: — President, W. C. L. (lill ; first
vice-president, Dr. Woodruff; second vice-i)resideiit, Peter McC'aiin:
secretary, I). Skirviiig; executive committee, John Puddicomhe, (". A.
Stoue, Ur. Niven, W. Strong, T. H. Sniiilhnan, It. Wallace, G. Kellty,
r. T. Trebilcock, John Cousins ; fitiance committee, John Puddiconibe,
C. A. Stone and F. T. Ti'ebilcock.

Populutwn. — In 1H17 the population of the old London District
was 8,D07. The ])opulatiou of Middlesex in 1S24 was 8,061—4,30(3
males and 3,755 females ; in 1825 the number was 8,752; in 1826,
9,362; in 1827, 9,837; in 1828. 10,260; in 1829, 11,103; in 1830,
11,882. The po])ulation of Aldborough iu 1830 was 6US ; of Bayliaiii,

1,458; of Ulenheim, 545; of Blandibrd, ; of liurford, S^O; ol

Camden, Dawn and Zone, in Kent County, 424 ; of Caitidoc, .■!09 ; nf
Charlotteville, 1,214; of Chathiim and Harwich, in Kent, 550; of Col-
che.ster, in E,ssex, 686 ; of Delaware, 7."> ; Dereham, 193; Dorchester,
90 ; Dunwich, 537 ; Ekfrid, 1 15 ; Gosfield, 462 ; Howard, in Kent,
616 ; Houghton and Middleton, in Norfolk, 307 ; Lobo, 344; LoiuIdd,
2,40.'!; Maidstone and l!oclie.«ter, in Es.sex, 273; Maiden, 1,087:

Malahide, 1,465; jMersea, in Essex, 288; Moore, in Lambton, ;

Mo.sa, 276 ; Nissouri, 452 ; Norwich, 1,264 ; Oakland, 383 ; Oxfid,

206; Oxford West, 783 ; i:iist, 369 ; North, ; llaleigh, Kent, o:';);

Komney and Tilbury, 371 ; Sarnia, ; Sandwich, 2,201 ; Soiulira,

Bothwell, ; Southwold, 1,601; Townsend, Norfolk, 1,420; Wal-

singhr.ru, 424 ; AVestminster, 1,025 ; Windham, 644; Woodhou.se, 987 ;
Yarmouth, 1,545 ; Zorra, 886. The total pojndation of London District
in 1830 was 22,803, and, of the Western, 8,711. The population nf
Middlesex in 1831 was 14,073 ; in 1832, 15,293; in 1833, 17,819; in
1834, 19,697; in 1835,21,291, in 1836,23,790; in 1837, 24,628, and
in 1838, 24,064

London District in 1838 comprised the townships of East and West
Oxford, Burford, Hleidieim, Oakland. Nissouri, Blandford, Norwich,
Dereham, Zorra, Yarmouth, Southwold, Bayham, Malaliide, Mosa, Dun-
wich, Westminster, Adelaide, Caradoc, Ekfrid, Delaware, London ami
village, Aldborough, N. and S. Dorchester, Lobo. Hullett, Tucker-
smith, McGillivray, McKillop, Ellice, Dowiiie, Williams. Stanley, X.
and S. Easthope, Biddulph, Goderich and Colbortie. In this largt-
District were 714,601 acres uncultivated, 142.375 acres cultivated; 157
one-story square-timber houses, 7 additional houses with fire-j)lace.s:
6 two-story square-timber houses, 1,493 frame one-story hou.ses, 16'''
additional with fire-places; 280 two-story frame hou.ses, 178 additic '
with fire-places ; 10 brick or stone one-story, 7 additional with fire-
places; 4 brick or stone two-story houses, 2 with fire-places; 41 grist
mills with one run of stones. 17 with more than one run ; 105 saw
mills; 10 store-hou.ses ; 80 merchants' shops; 20 stud horses for hire;
6,923 horses three years and over; 6,()59 oxen four years and over; j
13,066 milch cows ; 7,416 horned cattle from two to four years ; 2 gigs,
3 phaitons, and 36 pleasure wagons, — toUil valuation, £513,337 ; total I
tax collected, £3,243.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

209

:;. L. (liU; first
i'ctev McCaiin;
ddicoin^H". V. A.
ilace, G. Kell«y.
,hn PmWicoml)i-,

London District
as 8,061—4,306

S752; in ^'^'^^'
,1,\03; in mu.
6US ; of Baybain,
linvford, ^50; ol

Cai-adoc, :''09 ; ni
vent, 550 ; of Cul-

1*.)3 ; Dovcli«stev,
Howard, in Kent,
obo, 3'14-, Loudm,,
; Maiden, 1,0^. ■

II Lambton, •

land, 383 ; Oxfcai
laleigb, Kent, ^vi.V.
ch 2,201 ; SomWa.
Jfolk, 1.420; Wal-
L- Woodliouse.y^^;
,'of London District
The ijopulation d

in 1833, 17,819;";
ulH37,24,02S,atvl

,s of East and NVert
Uandfovd, NDVWicb,
:alahide,Mosa,Uun-

flaware, London a«
L. Hullctt, 'lucki;^-
\'illiams, Stanley, >
hvne. In tbis toge
Icres cultivated; lO'
es witb five-vlaces:

ne-storybo»'^';^^^
'ouses, 178 addrttonal

^additional ^^^
' fire-places; 4lgnst
one run ; lOo s^*'
■ stud horses for bite,
four years arrd over ,
tofour years -^^^
pion, £;j1.^,'1-J' '

The pojnilation of the county in 1815!) was 2ti,025; in 1840,
26,4^- "f whom IB.SOf) were males and 12,<')77 females; in 1841,
27,0:'>.'i; in 1842 the ]topa]ation ox' Loi)don Di.sti'ict was :!(),J7i) ; in
1S48, 41,".IS(;, and of London Town, 4,()68.

Tlie population of Middlesex in 18r)l-2 was 32,8()2, and of London,

Tlic ciMisns of 18(il s]i()\v< a total ])o])u]ation of 48,736 for the
county, made up of 25,374 niales and 23,362 females, of whom 1,767
males anil 1,181 females were not members of resident families.
There were 884 males and 815 females horn in 1 8(1(1, of whom 34
males and 311 females died that year. The ])opulation by towuships,
taiven fioiu the censns returns, shows a total po])ulatioii for the comity
ofCO.oll, while the totpA above shows only 48,73(i, as follows: —

. HOUHCX

Township. Males./ Females. Families. Urlrk. Stone. Frame. Lo«. Total.

.Welaiile l,31.'i 1,196 241 2;i — 96 30a 422

Tarailoc •2,3r,0 2,072 .-)64 l.l 1 203 349 .IfiS

Delaware 1,':30 l,0't4 386 1.'. ti 126 230 377

liouhestcr North... ^.O.IS 1,960 611 23 1 283 309 616

Kkfriil •1,334 1,240 407 12 — 114 .100 426

Ubo 1,8.54 1,702 41.'-. 60 .'i 170 33.5 .570

London 5,002 4,66.' 1,389 1.51 24 609 794 1,.578

Metcalfe 936 810 306 17 — 46 208 271

Slosa 1,603 1,431) 410 2.5 — 1.5.5 211 391

Xissoiiri 1,606 1,.541 497 14 9 .57 416 496

Stratbroy Village. . . 397 3.54 110 16 — 63 18 117

Williams Kast 1,260 1,21.5 379 32 — 4.5 299 376

Williams West 1,197 1,042 342 — 14 43 30S 365

Westminster 3,2.52 3,033 1.074 168 14 '.38 274 994

London City 5,738 .5,817 2,005 695 9 1,386 — 2,090

At this time there were in the county four Protestant Episcopal

fluirch buildings, one Catholic, two Church of Scotland, four Free

I'liurch of Scotland, six United I'resbyterians, twelve Wesleyan

Methodists, four Ejiiscopal Methodists, two of Methodist denomina-

tion.s, and five Baptists. In London there were nine church buildings.

The fiv.st census of Middlesex, taken since the British North-

.\merica Act came in operation, was that of 1870-1. From this

I jreat .statistical record the following summary is made. The 7th, 8th,

h'thaml 10th census districts, their area in acres, occupied houses and

I f«pulation, are given as follows : —

Township. Area. Houses. Males. Females.

Mosa 49,729 559 1,622 1,532

h'lrdiiville Village 452 99 280 253

jEkfrid.. 54,271 504 1.704 1,489

iMttralfe 36,720 438 1,293 1,150

|Ch»Joc 77,905 912 2,593 2,472

IStralhroy Village 2,400 .558 1,675 1,557

'" ire 28,1.50 449 1,294 1,229

iWelaide 44,060 536 1,541 1,368

IWiiams \V 36,876 604 1,761 1,660

riUiams E 40,154 548 1,4.52 1,401

'A 49,752 «12 1,726 1,748

McGillivray 64,016 796 2,429 2,229

•J 10

HISTORY OF TIIK

Towuslilp. Area. Houses. Males Kemalcj

mailulph 40,740 705 2,166 -'Mi

Westminster 64,260 1,173 3,250 3,130

Dorchester 39,780 722 2,155 \,W>

London 105,160 1,960 5,630 ;,,m

Nissouri W 49,500 626 1,853 1,708

Lon.loiiCity 1,907 2,804 7,934 7,892

Population. — Tlie pojnilatioii by race in IK80-1, in the Townshipj
of Westniinstev. Dorchester, Londctn, London East (village), I'etersvillt
(village), and Is issoiui West, was as follows :— Africans, 808 ; Dutcli,
375; English, 83,288; French, 887; Germans, 8,823; Italians, 3,'
Poles, 3; Scandinavians, 47; Irish, 9,239 : Scotch, o,688 ; Swiss, M.i,
Welsh, 289 ; various, 80 ; not given, 538.

In tlie Townships of .Mosa, Ekfrid, ^Metcalfe, Caradoc, Delaware, iiiii]
the villages of Wardsville, Strathroy, Newbury, and Glencoe, there were:
Africans, 74; Dutch, 276; English, 6,870 ; French, 204; Germans, 89ii:
Indians, 8,429 ; Scandinavians, 89; Scotch, 5,567; Irish, 5,28:!; I'ofe,
4; Swiss, 9; Welsh, 104; various, 2; not given, 759.

In the Townships of Adelaide, Williams West, Williams Eh
McGillivray, Lobo, Biddulph, and the villages of Ailsa Craig, Liictn,
and I'arkhill, there were in 1880-1: Africans, 47 ; Dutch, IW:
English, 5,965; Irish; 7,170; Scotch, 6,736; French, 48; Uermanj,
771; Italians, 4 ; Swiss, 11; Welsh, 25S; and others, 35.

The population of London City, by nativity, in 1880-1, show;:
Africans, 261; Dutch, 33; English, 8,617; Irish, 6,062; Scotcli.
0,543; Welsh, 151 ; Germans, 4U6; French, 223; Indians, 4; Italian-
30; Jews, 6; Poles, 31; Scandinavians, 34; Swiss, 3; Si)aniai'ils,^:
and 304 of other countries or unknown.

Of the first census district, No. 167, the total ])o])uhitioii «.!•
30,600; of the second. No. 168, 21,496; of the third. No. Ki? I
21,239 ; and the fourth, No. 170, London City, 19,74ti,— the totaloil
1880-1 being 93,081.

The following is the pojiulation and number of houses of LoiiAiil
by Wards in 1880-1*:—

Total ;''op. Males. Houses. Total Pop. Males. Hon'"

Wardl 2,126 1,084 428 Ward 5 4,499 2,214 Hi:

" 2 2,862 1,355 545 '• 6 3,560 1,702 <!:

" 3 3,777 1,918 733 " 7 1,723 841 i'

" 4 1,199 587 222

^lany changes have been made within the last eight years. I: i
Manitoba land crajse won away several citizens, while a greater nic
ber went to the United States ; but notwithstanding an extcns
emigi'ation, the county, including London, chiims as great a pdpiik;
to-day. London City and its suburbs have made very rapid >4iH"
and appear to have more than made up for the k)sses in the towiisbj
and country towns, the total population being now estimated at 'IV"!

♦The apparent discrepancy hero and above In the total population of London, I*'*'*
sioued by Including in one return turritorv not Included In the other.

exjjei

<i. C. s

.MaliJnii

.'oJin J!

Caleb W

•Ualilon

The She

The Shei

■'osc;ih \

hmh Bn

Reuben a

Froii
the Disti
house an
sums H'ei
in their h
The ai
im, sho

Dcheni

'^ follows ;

lS.iO.

18.51
1S52...

, When tl
office in Oct!

;!859t,

ik:ij, ■■
I'M, \'\

The e.vn(.|

'" ^^^(>, ^i-A

''"'wurces \
'I'llowiiii, stati

"alaiicc fj
County Hi
^""•resiclJ
fiebeuturc]

Iiitere.st

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

211

(56

;50

.55

530

853

934

Veraalrt
■i.i.'-K
3,130

5,360
1,70S
7,«

lyiMrirf and County Expenditure. — The first regular account of
(XiHMKlitures was presented July 17, 1818, as follows: —

y intheToNvnsbj)^
v'iUage), Velev^^*
:icaus, 808 ; \^
,^.23-, Italians, o
,'5,688-, Swiss, Sn

vadocDelawavc^U'^
(ilencoe,tllevc^«re.

.)04; Germans, sy|
'.;iris\i,5,28:'.-,Vofe

^Velt, Wmiaius ^'^'1;

U, 47-, l)^itdi,m
fUcb, 48;^«m^^'

iksh, 6.062; Sf'
s;-iss, 3 ; tivamari'.'
, total poivulauou -
^' l9,746,-U>o total .
[v „f houses of W

b last oigl>t «» H

Vc losses m tit w I
luoNvestimate^;;t.M^I

(;. C. Salmon 13

Mahliin liurwell -1

,lolin Bostwick T)

Caleb Wood 4

Mahlon Biirwell, ain't of order. . 77

The Shcrilf 4

The Sheriff 50

.loseiih Walker 2

.lac'oli lirauniwoit 1

Reuben Green (York). 7

Total

X. 8. d. £ s. d.

.I 4 James Brown 16 2

John Anderson 116

4 Abner Owen 2 17 6

16 F. Beaupre . 'i

The Sheriff 7') 3 f>

ir. Clerk of the Peace 70 10 6

6 6 Geo. Collman 2

9 8 Mrs Ann Bostwick ^

Moses Secord fi 12 8

10 6

£331 4 11

Fioiu the Auditor's statement of August 12, 1820, it appears that
the District Treasurer advanced £442 2s. Od. toward building the court-
house and jail, and £62 I'M. (Id toward the general account. These
sums were ordered to be paid, and the collector ui'ged to bring in moneys
in tlioir hands or to be collected.

The act to consolidate the debt of Middlesex, a.s.sented to April 2;!,
1S60, shows that at the time outstanding debentures amounted to
8879,114, and authorized the t.'ounty Council to borrow that amount.

Debentures. — The debentures issued from 1844 to IHlio are noted
as follows : —

A' s.
!S44 3,383 15

18.10
l?,iO.

lS.-il

l,,''iOO

!t!)0

2,500

2."),0()0

3,000

£ s. d.

due in 1845 1853 15.325 due in 18i>3

'■ 1851 1853 1,500 " 1854

' 1S51 1854 61, ,583 6 8 by-law 36

•• 1S73 1854* 3,355 due in 1863

— 1855 25,000 "

When the late treasurer, Adam MuiTay, took possession of the
'itlice in October, 18;"i7, the total debenture debt was £23:),o48 Us. 8d.

,«,-,;i+ ^13,602 00

\aK 20,000 00

l«t)0 25,000 00

1861 S12,000 00

1860 76,000 00

The expenditures of the county in 188.") amounted to S13'.l,l(i0.92 ;
I in 1886, 812'.i,124,0(l, and in 1887, 814'.),6l.-) 4."). To place on record
P the sources of income and the several calls upon such income, the
llowing statement for 1887 is given : —

HECEII'TS.

Balance from last audit $ 2,610 03

County Hates 77,124 15

Son-resiilcnt Land Tax 3,974 90

Debentures 20, 000 00

I'remium on Debentures 1,000 00

Interest 853 14

' In conneotiou with payment of part of these debentures, a sum of A'i.-'jOO was crrdltert
jtrroneously as paid.

* To procure seed for supplying to farmers, owInK to failure of crops.
JForbrldBebulldlDK.

212

HI8T0KY OF THE

RECEII'T.S— ((;<)NTINUKI)).

County Grants to Public Schools 6,2'll 00

Legislative Grants to Public Schools 6,731 00

Surplus Fees from Registry Oflicos .... 1,000 89

Auctioneer's and Peddler Licenses, ... 566 00

Interest on Hospital Trust Fund 454 47

House of Refuge and Industrial Farm 1,367 79

City of London re Debt on London East 1, 170 00

Treasurer County of Oxford 38 35

Redenipti'>n Money 21 16

jMiscellaneous Items 96 90

Hills Payable 4,000 00

Administration of Ju.stice from City of Loudon 6,474 52

Oovernment 6,148 07

Division Court .lurors' Payment Fund 114 86

Sessions, County and Assize Courts Payment Fund 193 !iO

Finos from Magistrates 209 50

Costs from Police .Magistrates and Justice.s of the Peace 151 10

Fines from Police Magistrates re Scott Act 10,094 12

DI.SIIUU.SEMENr.S.

Road.s and Bridges ... 821,654 11

Salaries and Municipal Government Expense 5,750 90

Percentage to Sub Treasurers 161 96

School Inspectors' Salaries l.OOS 75

Legislative Grants to Public Schools 6,7;!! 00

Municipal Grants to Schools 7,950 68

Educational and Incidental E.xpenses 1,423 03

Printing and Advertising 448 03

Registry Ollices 211 50

Grants to Insane and Destitute 1,010 00

Wild Land Ta.\ and Redemption Money 3,790 17

House of Refnge and Industrial Farm 6, D.^n 08

Debentures Redeemed 20,000 00

Coupons Redeemed 29,360 00

Court Hou.se and Jail Expense Account and Repairs 4,308 86

Jail Ollicial.',' Salaries 3,730 45

Constables 2,609 0!)

Crown Witnesses and and Jury Services 1,918 75

Division Courts Jury Fund 124 00

Coroner's Orders 209 40

Administratiou of Justice General 6,436 20

Jurors' Payment Fund 3,373 30

Bills Payable 10,000 00

Paid to order of License Commissioner re Scott Act 5,250 00

Salary of Police Magistrate . 450 00

Hospital Expense 2,326 80

Interest 55 51

Miscellaueous Items 2,457 58

Agricultural and Other Statistics. — The number of iicres cleared
in 18H7 wiXR 514,563; of woodland, 229,355, and of swainj), marsh or
waste land, 13,03'.). Of the total occupied area (757,557 acres) there
were '.•,302 belonging to non-residents, and 748,255 to resident owners.
In 1887 there were 165,443 acres of cleared lands devoted to pastur-
age, the number of acres in e\'ery thousand acres cleared being
321.5. The county held third place in Ontario in the average per
thousand iicres cloai'ed, and first place when the large area is considered.
The orchards and gardens of Middlesex in 1883 claimed an area of
9,309 acres.

COUNTY OK MIDDI.KSKX.

213

CHAPTER XIII.

LONDON CITY.

Of tlie "a Vl^l;;t awsis tm ^^^""^ «" *h« ^rk«

settlements of a cc. tu y a<^^n ihe vl P '^ \'^°'%' '° ^^' ^^^^^n
Indian remains near ifikftW bn\ji ^'^"'"^""^^ The discovery of
evidences of Indian occudS is one of the few

light. During the liS of tTe ™^ T'^"? n""'"' ^''-^"^ ^^""8^1 to
Lis staff and Chief Imllf c^ZTi """^"i- ^T'"'''' «"n«oe with
site for the capital of Ze, Camda whU ^'1 ■?^^''' ^'^ ^° ''^''' ^
"ot be exposed to AnEan "itlltr n > ^^f ««»J«nient, would
(General, favored Kina" o buJw ". i^°''^^<^''^ter theii- Governor-
that his imaginary citV ZVrW « Z r? '^''^ ""^T/'^^ impression
And here the An?;iiciHn.^Gofenfn,^J 'T?'*' '"""'^ ^« the capital,
ment, February ]? 179^ thn, l^^^'T'' ^^.^ ^^""^ ''^^ «f Govern-
ing to the ForL March -^ do hlvi? '"'^1'^ *" ^^'^''''^' b"t return-
In 1796 he was tmS.;d to /iLwTT'r '" ^^?^ '"« ^'^^ here,
left to ur^fHci^d un^^d^i ^^,t t^^.^^^"^ ^'^^ ^^^ -e

visit onlKSLtti;;.':^";;/^^;: ^-\- .P^M bemg the second
lowing entry occurs --"ektrC^ '''^ "^ L-^ndon, the fol-
island. The rar.idity of the cur p../ ' """ ^"^ ^""^ "^ ^ ^o^'. ^at
channel throuc^h he mai L<1 7k ' '"• '"'"^^ '^' ^"^ ^""^^ formed a
island. We ^^'lI;ed ove i 1 1."^ ' I'^'""'"'''^^' ^"^ f^""^^ this
the forks of the r iv . S.e Got"ZM^:;i'f /' ^'^ '^''''''''y ^^^'^hed
und its environs, and we Lvfo^ sto.r 1 ^o examine this situation
to be a situation emh,eirtlycdcZt,.ft^i ^"^'? ^ '^'■^>'- ^e judged it
Among many other esSiaf '^^^^^^^ of all Canada.

Command of territorv intern..] X\. , allowing advantages :—

water con.municalirurrd dot '1h^^'™^ '''''''"''' '^^"^^^ ''
for boats to near its souL and fn 1, 1 r?'"^'', '"P^^'°' navigation
ian settlement; to hTShwdIn T^' ^"'""^'^^^^ *" ^he Morav-
Huron ; to the soutW bv f n^ vi ''"'^ ^'"''''^^'" ^"^'"g into Lake
the Kiver St. Law ence • tho S^ "^' ^•^'''', "^^o Lake Ontario and
capable of being. ersiirclea.ed..?L'"'\°-''^ ^'^'■"'"' ^'^^ the land
a pinery upon a^^LTt htl^ ll^^n'^' ^^^ ^ «tate of agi.iculture ;
calculated for the ereition of publibuidi^^l °," *''^^ '^^'^ht, well

to any part of Canada " i>"ildn.gs ; and a climate not inferior

early settlement andSll otZio^ f^'^^^ connections^vith the
stream bus undergone some ve 7S l.n" '"""''■^- • ^'''"^ ^he

scarcely adn,its of doubt- for in a'! ?^f T^' *^^^" ''"^^ 1^9^-

, 101, in a 1 V places, the ear-marks of expau-

214 HISTORY OF TIIK

sinns, now dried up, are visible, find of the numerous large creeks
which swelled its waters, and made it navij^able for ei<ihty leagues in
17'.'4, few exist to-day. The existence of this river, and the jiosition
of its forks — almost equidistant from Lakes Huron and Erie — render
the climate of the district much more jileasant, if not healthier, than
that of lake towns. Even in face of the fact that the river is used as
the receptacle of the city's sewerage, the cross-country lake breezes,
and the breezes generated in its own valley, are decidedly invigorating,
A sail down to S])ringbank and back on steamer, yacht or row-boat
forms a pleasaiit and healthful pastime for the citizens; and so
generally availed of, that the memories of the tragedy of 18S1 .seem to
be sleeping in presence of the fascinating influence of the river ride.

In .such a country iis Littlehales descrilies, at the head of that
river on which Simcoe's IJritish navy was to float, a few unjiretentious,
hard-working, fearless men settled in ISHli. Peter McGregor, a
Highland Scot, who, while keeping a hotel down the river, married
La vinia, daughter of . I oseph Poole, of Westminster, and then deter-
mined to settle in the new town of London, made the first clearing in
the fall of 1826, and built the first cabin here. Patrick McManus and
Charles Henry, two Irishmen, erected a board cabin soon after ; then
came Abram Carroll, who built and kept the first house of entertain-
ment to which the name could be given ; next, John Yerex, Levi
Myrick (or Memck), and Dennis O'Brien, and Georoina-U])on-Thanie3
assumed the shape of a settlement, thirty years after the first guber-
natorial dreamer left Ontario for ever.

It was a fit introduction it) the jieople who were to make out of
the wilderness spot a city. As the visitor walked lazily along the
Indian trails, listening to the murmur of the river or the rush of the
wind through the olden pines, or watched the mist as it hung in twi-
light curtains about the groves, it required but little imagination to
trace a long cavalcade of romance, chivalry and heroism proceeding
from this verj' spot in the days of Indian power. He, too, may muse
upon the genii which once haunted the forests of the past, and a
gloom, like superstitious dread, will only be dissipated when the ])ast
vanishes and the present rises before him in all its cultivated beauty
and magnificence. We can envy the pioneers of this district and the
long-ago primitive times. Then a single piece of calico would make
the best dress for every woman in the place. The dry goods side of
O'Brien's store could be carried off in a wheelbarrow, and the grocery
department in a wagon. The staple articles were whiskey, flour, pork
and beans. If with a dozen ban-els of whiskey came two or three of
flour, the question was : " What the deuce is to be done with the
flour ? " There was at that time plenty of large game and fish, and
wild fruits in season ; but the hardships of pioneer life were serious
indeed, and the monotony so unbearable, that many who came to carve
out homes in the wilderness returned to enjoy penury in a civilized
state rather than remain. Many, however, established themselvea

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

215

here and botjau the work of fashioiiiii<; a city out of the forests — a
villa,>,'e which should, some day, b(! re;,'anitd as a city, altogetlier lovely
and jmiuiisiiiL,', the one anioiit; a thousand to enlist active enterprise,
whore virtue; would be treasiu'ed and jironioted, and labor fairly
rewarded.

The Heverlys established a ferry in 181.S below the Forks, or
Ai)i)le<^arth's, later Nixon's Flats, and later West l^ondon The
Beverlys suffered terribly from fever and ague, so that travellers had
often to wait for hours until some of the family would cease shakiiiij;,
to ferry them across. The ]tioneers soon jjot on the true track of this
aguish tribe, and when goiui; to ( lardner's mill for grist, or to Samuel
Jarvis' distillery for whiskey, they would not return until the afternocju
of the following day, as they calculated by that time the chills would
cease and the boatmen be ready to take the paddle. About this time
the Montagues established their canoe ferry at the Townsend Landing,
near the juesent Woodland Cemetery.

In ISl'li Colonel M. Binwell, with Freeman Talbot and Benjamin
Springt.'r, chain-bearers, surveyed the town site. Any jierson who
promised to pay d''>'2 for the ])atent, and built a shanty 18x24, was
entitled to a large lot, the transfer being freely made by ( 'olonel Thos.
Talbot when the patent was issued. The limits of the first survey
were: — Welluigton street on the east; North street, now Carling, on
the north ; the lliver Thames on the south and west. The lots were
numbered from Wellington street west.

In June, 1827, llobert Carfrae entered the .settlement, crossing
from Westminster by a bridge erected in 182G by I.ievi Merrick at the
foot of York street. His memories of the village of G2 years ago
point out two taverns and the court-house as the three buildings form-
ing the nucleus of the village. John Yerex, a brother of Andrew, was
engaged in building his hewn-log house on the north-west corner of
York and Ridout streets, where the old malt house stands, and in that
building was born the first native of London village, Natlmniel Yerex.
In the fall of 1820 Andrew Yerex followed his brother hither. He
found McGregor's log shanty tavern at the corner of King and Ridout
streets,* where the McFarlane Hotel, now ke])t by Alonzo Hall, is.
Abram Carroll's log house stood on the north side of Duudas, two or
three lots east of Ridout, where in the fall of 1827 he iiut up a frame
hou.se. Demiis O'Brien, to whom he gives the title "a Jolly, good
fellow," was digging u|) stum|)S and preparing to build close to where
was afterwards built the Robinson Hall. Patrick McManus — then
called McMainiors, owing to the way this plebeian ])ronounced his
name — and Charles Henry carried on business in a shed or small
frame house erected on the lot south of the south east corner of Ridout
and Dundas, opposite the present Registry Office. The court-house,
a semi-frame, hewn-log house, stood nearer the corner than the present

♦Geo. J. Goodhue nmintained until his death that McGrejjor'a tavern stood on Talbot,
between York and King streets ; but all the other early settlers place it uh written above.

216 lUSTOKY OF THE

Iniildiiif; until 18"29, whnn it was placed on nninors and niovwl by
oxen to the south-west coi'..jr of the present grounds, wluTe it stands
to-day. McGregor, beinf; Jailer, was accustomed to take the well-con-
ducted prisoners across tlu^ street to his tavern, and it is related by
Mr. Williams, Oliver McC'lary and others, that hungry travellers often
had to wait for their meals until Mcdregor's notorious guests had
finished theirs. As has been said, Demiis O'lJricn was pr(!])aring to
Itiiild in 1826, hut the log structure which he erected was us(!d rather
as a store-house than a sture-room. This building stood on lot IS, on
the south side of Dundas, almost o])])osite, but a point east of Abram
Carroll's dwelling. In 1827 or 182S he took j)oss(!ssion of a vacated
blacksmith's shop, placed rough boards on barrels to form a counter,
unil there opened the first general store. The log house, which he had
previoiisly occujned and used as a store-room, was minus chinking, and
through the crevices the curious settlers would spend hours obscu-ving
his stock of frying-pans, griddles, spiders, baking-kettles, tinware, and
a thousand other articles which make the visitor to the country store
covet the whole stock.

Samuel Laughton migrated to Canada in 1827 with his wife. He
received a grant of a lot on Hathurst street, near the present dejiot, on
condition that he would establish a blacksmith shoj) ; moved shortly
after to a farm in the township o!i a lot where John Robson settled in
the fall of 1820, and twenty years later moved to Metcalfe. He
ironed the first wagon ever used in London Town.ship. Selling his lot
for SI 6 worth of iron he moved into the wilderness. While it cannot
be stated that O'lirien moved this shop from Bathurst to Dundas
street, it cannot be denied that this was the oidy building standing in
1827 which was vacated by a blacksmith. Demiis O'JJrien continued
in bu.siness here until 1848-'.), when he retired. Robert Summers
states that about the time Goodhue opened his store, he said to O'Brien,
" You are going to set nj) a general store in oppo.sition to Goodhue."
" Not at all," said 0'15rien, " I'm going to set np an imj)ositiou upon
him, as he has been imposing on the ])eopIe, and I'm going to impose on
him." George .1. Goodhue closed out his little store in Westminster,
Concession 1 (kept in Joshua Applegarth's old log-house), two miles
south of the ])resent city, in 182!t, and moved into O'Brien's settle-
ment, where ho o])ened a large general store and went into fair
competition with O'Brien, who, for over two years, monopolized the
trade north of the river.

Dennis O'lirieu, who was a peddler for some years before he estab-
lished his store at London, carrying a pack throughout the district, like
Patrick McManus, Charles Heiny, M. McLoughlin and other early
settlers, married Jane Shotwell about 1834. She was the daughter of
Abram Shotwell and Sylvia Sumner, all early settlers of Westminster.
Her sister Nancy married Alvaro Ladd, while Polly married David
Goff. O'Brien himself was liberal and enterprising, and sometimes
merry, as related in other pages. He had built for himself the first

COUNTV OF MlUliKKSKX,

lil?

b-
ke

of
'.r.
id
es

lavfit! lirick stori'-houst! in I-oikIoh, luid the Hlackfriars' grist mill
erected, ami also 11 (listilloiy in Westminstor. In later years he told
liis particular friends that this distilhuy was the cause of his ruin. He
di(Hl at old Mr. Hlinn's house about the year lH6:i. Under date .Ian.
12, 184'.t, Dennis O'Hrien advertised the fact that he retired from
Itusnioss, and asked that all accounts shoidd be settled uj) nt his oihce
in Mr. McKittrick's.

Levi Merrick built York street brid<,'e in 182(1-7. One of the
workmen stole from another workman an axe one nijjht and fled ; but
he WHS ]iursued, anil cau<,'ht in the jjine woods. That nif,'lit he was
chaine<l to a stumj) on King street. A jury was sworn who sentenced
him to leave town in a few minutes or be whipped.

Kissick for Cassock) and O'Uell (or U'Dell) were the first tailors;
but which of them canui first cannot now be determined.

John .renniiiii;s, who established a little store at London, was also
an Irishman, and for some time before his settlement here was a
popular })eddler. He could write his name only, but possessed much
natural intellij^ence, and was very impulsive. He married a Miss
Alooe, a daughter of the ])ioneer family on the Longwoods road below
Delaware. He was not very fortunate in business, traded his store
for a farm in Westminster, and later ke]it livery stable at London.
His eldest son Frank went to Detroit in his youth, and established a
large livin'y stable there.

Douglas & Warren, general merchants, failed about lS4.'i. William
Murray was book-keeper; Ale.K. S. Armstrong, Joiui Douglas and
Francis Warren formed the firm. Their store stood two or three houses
east of Kobinson Hall.

Ephraim Ayres established a shoe shop where the City Hotel now
stiinds, and later established a drinking saloon here. Wm. Balkwill
latei- built a new house on the site, and for some years carried it on
as a hotel, one of his bartenders being Wm. Gordon, now a resident
of London. JJalkwill sold to N. Smith, who fiiiled after building the
brick hotel.

On Aug. 9, 1827, Patrick McManus, a peddler, of London, was fined
one shilling for assaulting Tillery Hubbard ; and Henj. Lockwood, of
Caradoc, for extorting unlawful fees from Josejih Klliott.

The village then consisted of thirty-three families, representing one
hundred and thirty-three souls. Goodhue built the first two-story
frame house in the place, uidess we consider the store-room of O'Brien
a frame, for it was a board concern, or Carroll's frame cottage, all the
rest being made of logs anil mud. His store was situated near the
corner of liidout and Carling streets, where the Agricultural Mutual
building stood. Kobert Summers, with the Griffiths and others from
Westminster, came to aid in raising this large frame. When it was
ready for dedication, Byash Taylor cast a black bottle of whisky from
the top, which struck the old logs, but escaped breaking.

In October, 1830, John Jennings opened a store ou Eidout, near

21 S

IIISTOUY OF TMK

Kitif,' atroct, on tlio nnrthonst coiruT. Kaily in tlio winter of I8M1-2,
.FohnSciitehcrdojHiiunl liis stf)re on lot IS, ni»rtli sidn of Diiiidfts. almost
ojjjMwitt! O'HiiiMi'a ; he estahliahinj^ tlin first r('<,'iiliii' Imnlwim! storn at
London; and about fliis tinio Tliomas (}ihl»ins opcnt'il liis store opjiosile
tlui eourt-liou.H(i on llidout Trade was very brink, the niercluuits jiros-
perons, jjopuhition rapiiily increa,ae(l, and around this Uttle nucleus a
flonrisliini,' market <,'re\v. Tlie l)usini'ss centre was the point now oocu-
pied by the Itoyal Kxcliaiij^e bnildinj,'. The re^'ion south of tliat was a
di^ep morass, a phiee to l)o avoided by all l)Ut the sporting,' men of the
period, who visited that section as far as the river on duck shootiii},'
excursions. The site of the old Hobinson Hall was then a deej) and
treacherous boj,', which was considered a very dan^'erous spot for any
one to a])proach ; but later loj^s wisre placed there, which were ultimaltdy
covered, antl in later days, when the era of sewer buildiiif; was intro-
duced, some hard work was experienced in cuttins:; those old hardwood
timbers. Outside the business centre nf that day wm-e many black
asli .swamps. The foundation of that bnildinp was made after much
labor. The natural surface of the soil is known to V)e at least two feet
below the cellar floor, or about twelve feet below the level of Dinidas
street. In the year we are s))eakin<,' of (182'.'), Wm. Hale was driving
a yoke of oxen, with cart, near the spot, and the animals, becoming,'
frightened and uncontroUajle, plunged into this mire, and oxen and
cart in a moment sunk down deep. Cioodhue was fond of relating an
anecdote of himself m connection with this place. He was riding on
horseback, with a bag of flour or com thrown across the horse's neck,
and for the moment uiunindful of his jmigress, he allowed the animal
to walk into the ]iit. He saved himself by sjiringing from the horse's
back on to feiTci firma. The horse was got out after a great deal of
difficulty, but not so the bag of corn.

The little village was for some years centered around the court-
house, its boundaries being Wellington street on the east, the river on
the west, Carling street on the nortli, and York street on the south ; but
these limits rapidly widened. A deed in the possession of SheriH"
Glass .shows that in 1831 his father .sold several lots whereon the City
Hotel, market, and principal Dundas street stores now stand, to Donald
and Finlay McDonald for £175, to be paid in fat cattle and wheat.
They had but little money in those days, and trading was done in this
manner. It is related that Finlay McDonald was found stealing lum-
ber from Marcus Holmes' yard. Holmes had been missing lumber for
some time, and this night waited up to catch the thief. On discover-
ing Findlay, he said to him : " Now, Findlay, it is trouV)lesome to come
packing lumber a dark night like this ; come in the day-time with your
wagon after this."

Lawrence Lawrason is the next important commercial figure in the
beginning of London. About 1825 he opened the first post-ofh-^fl to
be found north of St, Thomas — with the exception of Delaware. About
the year 1833 or 1834 he joined George J. Goodhue in mercantile

aiUM'Y OF .MIl)Ii|,K.SKX.

219

ut
M

lid

\t.
lis

Imsiiu'ss ill this city, whicli at that timu foimtMi only a small and strafj-
;;linf,' busiiu'.sa, th(! stoic huiiii^ on llidout atrei't, iiniiuidiatcly sonth of
tiio |ii'emis«a at present occupied l)y Hamilton. iSulwe([wently the firm
tiansrernd their stock to tlie corner of Diuidas and Uidout streets,
wlu^ri! Osborne'.s intelli<,'('iici', oflii^e is now kept: this was bununl in
ISol. Here Mr. Lawruson remained some Hfte(fii years ; and it was
durinj^ this ])eritid, about the year IH'M, that he received the ap|)oint-
nieiit of .lusiice of the IVaee. The firm subsequently moved to the
southeast corner of Dundas and Talbot streets, and conducted an exten-
sive wholesale business. He died in 1H81.

About 1.S25 a ii(!wspaper mail was left at the sta^e house (Trow-
bridge's) in Westminster, and later (Jeor<:;e .1. Goodhue was a})poiiited
postniii.ster for that nei},'hboihood. In 18l'8 the post-oflice was moved
from Cimce.ssiou 1, VVestniin.ster, to London, where Ira Schofield
was ajjpointed postmaster. His ofiice was in his farm hou.se, a few
hundred feet east of the spot where the j,'reat Convent of the Sacied
Heart now stands. Henjamin Hi^'giiia, born in Ireland in 1804, died
ut London, Aug. L'4, 188(1. The .same year that the post-olhce was
established here he .settled in London, and lal)ored on his ten-acre farm
ut I>lackfriars' Ihidge for years In 18:il he married a Mi.ss Gray,
who lived at St. John's. Kor twenty-five ycMirs he carried on the
hotel liusiness here, and conducted freight business between London
and Hamilton and Port Stanley. His hotel sto(jd where the Cronyn
block is now, the lot costing him only S80, In 18o7 8 he was
<lis]iatch bearer. Henry Davis, who came to London from New York in
1 827 and established his jewelry store on Kidout street in I8.'l I, died here
in 1882. The McCann family arrived later, and have continued to hold
a high ])lace in the e.stimation of the people. The list of early names,
such as the Cruikshauks, connected with the beginning of London,
might be continued through twenty jjages ; but as such names are con-
nected with some special jjrofe.ssion or trade, the writer leaves them to
be dealt with in other sections of this chapter, and refers the reader to
the lists of early grocery and tavern-keepers.

Although the city was " proclaimed " in 1 TiHI, in 18 ! '.• Delaware was
the nearest ])ost-oflice to the forks. The nearest mill was near Byron,
kept by Sweet Gardner and Sylvester Keynolds. The mill was erected
by Townsend and Tunk, where the Springbank hotel now stands.
The water-])ower was taken from the springs. In 1833 a mill was
liuilt at iiyron by liurleigh Hunt, and was the first run by the waters
of the Thames, and the nearest l)ridge across the river was at the same
place. On Oct. 1st, 182t), the logs for Met lregt)r's shanty were cut,
and Gyrus Sumner built the first brick dwelling-hou.se later. In 1831
Edward A. Talbot started the first newspaper in Canada printed west
of Hamilton. The first lawyers in the young city were John liolyih
and John Tenbroeck, each of whom has left a melancholy history.
])r. Archibakl (.'hisholm was the first ])]iysician here, and under his
auspices the City Hospital was establishetl about two and one-half miles

220

HISTORY OK THE

out on the Hamilton Road. Tt had accommodation for 40 ])ntionts.
Ahnost contemporary with Dr. Cliisholm were Dr. Hiram Lee, who
built the first brick residence in lS4(i, and Dr. Doiinolly. The latter
died in 18:52, fighting the cholera. Dr. Lee fell a victim in 1854 to
the ship fever, which was very virulent in the city after the opening
of the railway. The first market was on the corner of the court-house
Square, corner of King and Jiidout streets. It was removed from that
to Wellington street, and finally to its present position, corner of King
and Talbot. For a long time the trade of the city was confined to
the west of Richmond street, and it does not require a very old Jiian
to remember the first brick store that was built on Dundas street, east
of Richmond. It is now occupied by Boyd & Philips, and was built
by Reuben Short, who kept a stove shop on the o]:>posite side, of the
street. Twenty-one years ago the only brick buildings upon Richmond
street, south of King, were the Tecumseh House on one side and Geo.
Nickle's livery stable on the other. The old Music Hall, on the corner
of York and Richmond streets, was frame, with a brick front.

Henry Groves ("Captain Groves"), who settled in London in 18:)2,
died in 1887, aged 81 years. He remembered well the primiti';,) days
of the city, when he saw a bear walk along Dundas street, swim the
river and enter the woods on the western bank. He also remembered
the building of the log jail on the site of the present court-house,
during the ])rogress of which the prisoners were chained to stumps.
He fought in two skirmishes against the Patriots in 18:^7-8 ; was
High Constable for manv years, and, in 18r)2, when an English family
introduced the Asiatic clioiera, ho was the only man in London who
could be found to take care of the stricken ])eople — Dr. Donnelly hav-
ing died, and Dr. Lee being engaged in prescribing. Robert Summers,
speaking of Groves' bear story, states the animal was shot in the liver
at the Forks in the fall of 1840 or 1850 — Ned Harris, a son of Treas-
urer Han-is, taking the carcass ashore. The l)oys captured the cubs
in London South.

The Inquirer, ^u Wished here in 1840, gives an account of London
as it was in Decc nber of that year:—" In the enumeration of the
various kinds of goods kept in a general store, is the advertisement of
L. Lawrason. In the ' '.me line of business we find the rival cards of
John Jennings, G. J. Go dhue, Kerr & Armstrong, Douglas & Warren,
Glennon & Co., Angus & Birrell, J. H. Joyce and John Claris. C(mi-
bining the business of a general gi'ocer with that of a baker, we find
the name of L. Perrin, and to I'egulate the digestion of the incongruous
mass of merchandise which appears to have been dealt out over the
coiniter in the stores above named, ranging from cast steel axes to
soft soap and Digby hen-ings, Lyman, Moore & Co.,* iind J. Salter, at
their drug establishments kept every variety of medicinal preparation,
which they offer to dispose to customers, ' sparing no pains,' an intima-
tion which we hope they did not intend literally. A flourmg mill

* Lyman came from Montreal witb his firist partner, Tim Farr.

(JOUNTY OF MIDULKSKX.

221

' near the centre of the town,' was owned by Dennis O'Brien, now the
Blackfriars' Mill, built about l.SlU; .lohn Talbot and Schram & Groves
carried on tht; auction and commission business of town and country ;
W. Horton, H. C. It. liecher and Frederick Cleverly announces their
willingness to look after all leyal matters ; Alex. Hamilton did the
shaving and hair dressing ; Simeon Morrill, the tanning ; Yale &
Warters and S. Condon, the tinning ; 11. Mootry and J. Wei).*,
the tailoring ; S. Peters and Henry Leaning provided meat ; U. C.
Lee and Win. Lee, brothers of Dr. Lee. proprietors of the Robinson
Hall, and the Mansion House, Dundas street, kept sundry accom-
modations ' good for man and beast.' A news-room appears to have
been among the other advantages which London at that early date
possessed. It was kejjt by John Norval, 'over .1. W. Garrison's store,*
access to which was obtainable by ])ayment of an annual subscri]ition,
and a charge of ' si.xpence york per visit to non-subscribers.' From
the above array of names, trades, jn'ofessions and callings, it will bu
seen that our })redecessors, if they had the wherewithal to purchase,
were in no diinger of sutlering for want of either the necessaries or the
luxiu'ies of life. Speaking of j)urchase, brings to our recollection an
advertisement in one of the papers before us which will give an idea
ot the ' currency ' (jf the day : —

''PHE SUrJSCRIBER WILL PAY
1 one dollar per bushel, in Oooih, lor

G. .T. GooDiii'K."

THE SUBSCRIBERS ARE NOW
receiving I'ork ami Wheat in pay-
ment of dulits, and in e.xchangu for guuds. good wheat.
Part cash for good Pork.

Smith, Matiiieson, Mooke&Co.

London in the Forthr.'i. — In the foregoing pages the history of the
settlement is treated up to its organization as a village. In the ex-
haustive miniicipal sketcli, one would think that every name connected
with the village has a place ; and now take a look' back to the days of
the village and town councils — from 1840 to IS.");?. In April, 1845,
one hundred and fifty buildings were destroyed by fire. The territory
from Dundas almost to the river, and from Talbot to Eidout, was
burned over, as related in the history of the Fire Department, except
the lialkwill Hotel, which stood where the City Hotel stands. Four
years later the l^lpiscopalians, Baptists and New Connexion Methodists
had each a brick house of worship; the Wesleyans, Catholics, Coii-
gregationalists, Free Churchmen, Secessionists, Universalists, Colored
Methodists and Colored Bajjtists had each a frame chiu'ch building. At
this time London had daily mail communication with all towns on the
main road from Montreal to Ambers tburg, as well as to St. Thomas
and Port Stanley ; thrice a week with Sarnia, and twice a week with
Goderich.

The journalists were Lemon & Hart, of the Tivies, 1844; George
Brown, of the Western Globe, who printed the i)aper at Toronto, 1845 ;
Wm. Sutherland, of the Canculidn Free Press, 1849; and John li.
Lavell, of the Gospel Messenger, 1848.

^I'l'l

HISTORY OK THE

The physicians in London in 184!l were A. Anderson, David Far-
row, Henry Going, A. IMcKenzie, Charles G. Moore, Dr. Thomas
Phillips (then County Coroner), and George Southwick. They were
the only physicians then in the county, but others from St. Thomas,
Vienna and Port Stanley practiced here. The pioneers— Donnelly,
Lee, Chisholm — were all gone, although Dr. Lee did not die until
1854, when ship cholera carried away himself, G. Routledge and others.

The barristers of London and county in 1 849 were Henry Becher,
P. Becher, James Daniel, Wm. Horton, E. Jones Parke, Thomas
Scatclierd, J. F. Saxon, S. Shanley, IJ. M. Thompson, John Wilson
and Counsellor Hughes. Mr. Thompson returned to Adelaide, where
he is a leading farmer to-day.

The hotels of London in 1849 were : — Hope Hotel, by Wm. Balk-
■will ; Wm. Barker's Hotel ; Kobinson Hall, by J. M. Bennett ; Ex-
change Inn, by W. B. Lee; Matthew's Hotel; McDowell's Hotel;
McFie's Hotel ; Eobertson's Hotel ; British Exchange, by John Smith ;
( 'aledonia, by S. Smith ; Strong's Hotel ; Pobert Summers' Hotel ;
^nd Mansion House, by Dave Thompson.

The merchants, traders and manufacturers were : —

Adair & Thompson Dry Goods

Adams, E (irocer

Anderson, M Fonndry

IJeddome, F. B Fiookseller

Bissoll, Wm Sasli Factory

IJucklcy, R. H (irocer

Carling, Wm Hrewer

Cliilds, W. H Insurance

Coats, J Livery

Code, Thomas Building

CoUoviu. Matthew Dry Goods

Cox, H. &, Co Dry Goods

Dal ton, Henry Tallow Chandler

Darch, Robert Saddler

Davis, Henry Watchmaker

Dimond, John Brewer

Dixon, Thomas C Hatter

Eedes & Labatt Brewers

Elliott, ,1 Builder

Ellis, E. P Cabinetmaker

Fennell, Robert Saddler

Franklin, J Insurance

Eraser, .lohn Bank Montreal

Gibbins, Joe Saddler

Gillean, J Bookseller

( Ma.ss, Wm Grocer

Glen, J Tailor

Gordon, Wm Dry Goods

Graham, J. M Bookseller

Green & Bros Builders

Cunn, G. M Dry Go ds

Hall, W Tailor

Hamilton, James.. Bank of I'pper Canada

Holmes, M Carriage Builder

Hope, Birrell & Co. . .General Merchants

Ilyman, E. W Tannery

Jackson & Elliott Foundry

Jarmain, John Tinsmith

Jeanneret, R. J Watchmaker

Jennings, John Livery

King, W Saddler

Lampkin, H Insurance

Lawrason & Chisholm Merchants

Lemon & Hart Times

Leonard, E Founder

Lowrie, A Carriagemaker

McDonald, Alex Insurance

Macklin, J. C General Merchant

McBride, S Tinsmith

McFie, Hugh Grocer

McFie, Dan Dry Goods

McGill, Francis Dry Goods

McKittrick, P Tailor

Magee, Geo. J Dry (ioods

Magill, Matt Dry Goods

Macintosh, J. G. & Co Dry Goods

Marsh, D. Saddler

Merrill, J. B Cabinetmaker

Mills, Wilson. . , Commission

Mousarratt, Chas Commercial Bank

Mitchell, B. A Druggist

Moore, Win Distiller

Morrill, Simeon Tanner

Mountjoy & Sons Cabinetmakers

Murphy, D (irocer

Murray R. S. & Co Dry Goods

Newcombe, H. T Printer

Paul, A (Jrocer

Peters, Samuel Distiller

Philliiis, John Dry (Joods

Pomeroy, S. S Insurance

Plummer & Racy Carriage Builders

Raymond, E Hatter

Raynard, John Dry Goods

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

223

lith
,ker
'ory
dler
Hjce
nts
men
luler
,ker
nee
ant
lith
locer
lods
lods
ilor
oils
oils
odij
idler
ker
lion
ank
;gist
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ter
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Her
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tter
lods

Held, Robert Bookseller

Riclly, W. T Livery

Riduut, L Hardware

Rose, Hugh Grocer

Salter, John Druggist

Smith, Francis Grocer

Sniitli, A. S: G Grocer

Siiiitli, Roger Miller

Stewart Uros Tailors

Street, W. AV Gore Rank

Sutherland, W /Ve(> Press

Talbot, John Auctioneer

Till, W Cabinets

Tyas & Williams Dry Goods

Watson, George Builder

Williams, J Druggist

Wilson, Robert Grocer

Winsor & Screaton Builders

A hiinclic'd names of tliose who were associated with the progress of
tlic villa.u'e prior to 184',l could be given here, but as such names are
reserved for tlie jiages devoted to the industries of London, only those
who jnight escape nf»tice are here given. Samuel Stansfield, a member
of London's first Council and a resident for '.\7 years, died in May, 1882.
Sergeant Wni. Dalton was born in Ireland in 1822. After the Afghan
war of 18-1-2 he came to London, where his wife died in 1881, and him-
self in A])ril, 1885. He was barrack sergeant here for years. John
Parkinson, who settled in London in 18.3!), died in October, 1888.
Immediately after settlement, he began work in the brick-yard of
James Ferguson, on B<athurst, between Talbot and Ridout streets ; but
for the succeeding oo years was an em])loye of E. W. Hyman. In
1881 his wife met with an accident at the Richmond street railroad
crossing, which resulted in her death. Henry Coombs, who settled in
the London neighborhood in 1842, opened one of the first cabinet-
making houses at London in 1848 ; but the Ellis shop was in existence
at least ten years ])rior to Coombs' opening, because in 1834 Robert
Summers ])urchased some furniture there. Old Dr. Moore, a tall,
well-educated Irishman, was a celebrated physician in the early years
of the county. His death took place in 1842 or 1843. Dr. Charles
G. Moore came afterwards to the city and practiced here until his death.
Geo. M. (Jimn came to London in 1842, and entered into business with
his brother William, who had a genei-al store (jn Dundas street, near
IJobinson Hall. The fire of 1844 destroyed their premises, so that they
rco])ened one block east. Geo. M. died in 1882. Wm. Dunbar, who
(iame here in 1843, was a partner of Geo. Durand in the blacksmith
shop which then occu])ied the corner of Richmond and King streets. In
184ri Durand moved to the United States, when -Tames Dimbar took
iiis place as partner, and from 1845 to 187'.' the brothers carried on the
blacksmith business on York street. James Dunbar settled in Middle-
sex in 1833, and died in 1882. Captiiin Isaac May, born in Cavan
County, Ireland, in 1821, settled at London in 1844, and died in 1884.
He was the ])ioneer of the steamship line l)etween Clevekand and Port
Stanley, and owned seven barges and two steamers, besides other craft.
In 1846 Thomas Scanlon carried on the business of tallow chandler.
Dr. Hemy Han.«on migrated to Canada in 1 844, and .settled near Hyde
Park village ; but later took a position in I )r. Salter's drug store, studied
medicine, and in 184i> began the practice of medicine, travelling
through Western Ontario, as there, were no regular physicians outside
fiondon, Sarnia and Goderich. Hi.s death took place in January, 1885.

224

HISTOIiY OF THK

Henry Coombs' family now own tho Mansion house. In 1 S'.VJ, Stillman
Olds was a currier, William Underwood and Isaac L. Geurf,'e, millers,
of Londoti, Wm. Cooper, carpenter, of Westminster.

In April, 185.'), a great convention of coloreil refugees from slavery
was held at London. The colored population of the town then was
27(), and their real estate was assessed at §l.t,r)()l-. At this convention,
numbers of colored folk from the Wilberforce colony near Lucan were
present.

To point out the precocious growth of ideas at l;lie close of tlie jieriod
it will only be necessary to quote the following motion by Councillors
Barker and McClary, made in September, 1851. This called attention
to the fact that Mr. Strathy was about building his new house at the
corner of Dundas and liidout, and " Tiiat the Council have heard with
regret that it is to be only two stories, which, in the opinion of this
Council, would be very unsightly and olVensive to those who have
expended large sums in that neighborhood fur the ornament and
improvement of the town." It was well such guardians of the beauti-
ful did not pass an ordinance making it o])tional with the people to
say what class of house Tom, Dick or Harry should build They may
have learned that tastes were developing, and trusted to time to teach
even house builders what harmony signifies.

The opening of the railroad in ISoS raised up new aspirations. In
September of that year, £200 — not dollars — v.'ere approjn'iated by the
Council, to celebrate the opening of tiie Great Western Railroad; and
£200 were granted to the Mayor, in recognition of his services as
Mayor and as a director in the railroad coni])any. That ceremony
introduced modern London, for with thti shrill voice of the locomotive
came new strangers, some from the world of luxury and fashion, some
Irom that of labor and worth, all teaching lessons, all taking a i)art in
forming society and building it up from tlie state of revelry to that of
dignity.

Real Estate in 18o2-7. — In 1851, what is known in modern day.s
as a real estate boom, visited the town of London. Owitig to tlie
prospects of increased railway accommodation, speculators took advan-
tage of the opportunity, and startling transactions in real estate become
of daily occuiTcnce. The unsuspecting public nipped at the gilded
bait, and property assumed a highly fictitious value. Lots were ])in-
chased for [)rospective suburban residences, almost as far out as
Komoka, at ridiculous figures ; but the fond hopes of the ill-advised
investors never matured, and tlie excitement eventually subsided, not,
however, without leaving in its wake the usual contingent of luckless
victims.

As an idea of how properties sold at that time, A. S. Abbott, city
clerk, tells of purchasing a lot of 42 feet frontage near where the Abbott
carriage factory now stands on Dundas street, between Wellington and
Waterloo, in 185.S or 1854, at SlOO per foot, and in a year or two
afterwards he saw the adjoining lot sold for 1|1.'{ per foot. 'J'hat was

COUNTY OF MIItDLESKX.

225

only one instance out of hundreds. The panic of 1 857 came (o com-
plete the wreck. A number of men, some old settlers like Peter
McCann, held a large quantity of hind through the years of depres-
sion ; but now they were compelled to sell it for a trifle, or allow it
to pass from their ])ossession.

Ten years after the first railroad train entcired I>ondon, commercial
and real estate men felt that (he days of panic were over, and that the
city had been placed on a sure foundation of ])rosperity. The rental
of real estate in 18(13 was i?ir)5,997, and the yearly value, when rental
was not assessed, $12.3,3:15, — or total value, !S279,332; the taxable in-
come was $451,200, and the total value of personal property $521,000.

Post-office. — The nearest post-offices to London were one at St,
Thomas, another at Ingersoll, which was kept by Scjuire Ingersoll,
after whom the town of that name is called, and the remaining one on
the plains north of Hall's mills, where Mr. Lawrason, father of London's
police magistrate, csirried on a combined ])ost-office and general store.
The mails were delivered at irregular intervals, and on the delivery
days there was always a strong rush for the messages which the iso-
lated settlers expected to receive. On the settlement of the village,
an oilice was established iii 1828, with Ira Schofield in charge ; but in
] 829, Geo. J. Goodhue was appointed master, he having jn-eviously
established the mail at his store in Westminster. The office was in a
small log house on North street, in an unsettled i)art of the village, a
little east of the entrance to the ff)rmer residence of L. Lawrason, near
the Sacred Heart Convent. It was a rude log cabin, and its remote-
ness was very inconvenient to the business community. Government
was therefore petitioned for its removal, and it was tliereafter kept in
(ioodhue's store. The mail in those days only came in once a week,
which, however, was considered fast work in view of the few facilities
afl'orded. Mr. Goodhue held this office up to 1852, except during the
short term of his suspension.

Lawrence Lawless, who in 1852 settled in Delaware, and was the
first mail carrier between that village and London, was siibsequently
clerk for lawrason, again for Goodhue, and later for .Tininings. Later
still, he was Assistant Postmaster at Toronto ; but after Goodhue
resigned the London office. Lawless was appointed, retiring as a super-
aimuate in 1880, and dying September 21, 1882.

In June, 1881, Postm.aster R. J. C. Dawson was appointed, having
been connected with the office since 1852-.3. J. D. Sharman, the
Assistant Postmaster, has been in the office since 1859. In speaking
of those days, through the Advertiser, \h> says : — " ^Vhen I came here,
the office was next door, where Aid. Moule's store is now. The staff'
consisted of eight, all told. There was L. Lawless, the Postjnaster ;
li. J. C. Dawson, acting assistant ; John Maitland, Joseph Gordon,
R. D. Campbell, F. French, and myself, clerks. Mr. Lawless is dead ;
John Maitland is still alive, and approaching 90 years of age ; Joseph
Gordon is in Toronto ; R. D. Campbell, who was a son of the late

226

IIISTOKY OF THE

Judge Campbell, of Niagara Falls, and a very fine fellow, is dead also ;
and Fleming French is now in the Ottawa j)ost-oftice. In 1859 there
were eight employes. At the beginning of the letter delivery we had
five can'iers, now we have twenty-five, while the whole force of
employes numbers forty-nine. Then the office revenue was .512,000
per annum ; now it is S47,000. There were only four officials in the
Inspector's department in 186.'! ; now there are eight. Gilbert Griffin
was Inspector then ; he is now in Kingston. George Cox was chief
clerk; he is now living in the northern ])art of the city. Charles
Whalen and I'at. Dower were clerks. Whalen is farming in the
Eastern townshiji, and Dower is dead."

In 18r)."(-4, while the office was still on Ridout street, a system of
letter delivery was obtained. John Nichol was authorized by several
residents to call for their letters at the office, and his system of private
delivery ct)ntinued about thirteen years, the people paying a direct tax
of one penny ])er letter to Nichol. Street letterboxes were placed Dec.
21, 1874, and later, the letter delivery system was extended to the
city. The revenue from 1870 to 1888 is stated as follows : —

lS7ti !|!28,126 '2r> 1881 JI38,319 42 1884 $42,735 59

1879 32,913 50 1882 43,455 51 1885 42,517 46

1880 35,804 90 1883 42,502 94 1886 44,309 7K

1887 S45.693 64

The revenue of 1888 will run to about $47,000.00, the fiscal year
including . I line 30. The site for the London Post Office was purchased
from W. & J. Carling in ISni; for $8,640. In 1870-1 an additional
tract of land was purchased. In the fall of 1858 work was commenced
on the building, which was comjileted in I860, at a cost of i^.S0,482.76.
Up to July 1, 1867, no less than $40,526.06 were expended on con-
struction, site and repairs. The original building was carried out by
Mr. Elliot from design by Architect W. B. Leather. Front, 48 feet ;
rear, 51) feet, and depth, i){\ feet. In 1873-4 an addition was made
from plans by Architect Win. Itobinson.

The Cudom House. — In 1854, when London was established a
custom district, the office was on the ground floor of the building
opposite Market Lane on Dundas. Some time later, Dr. Hiram Lee, a
son of the dramatist, was apjwinted Collector, but in 1855-6 he was
succeeded by his brother-in-law, James B. Strathy, then clerk of the
county. He held the otfice until 1878, when Robert Reid, the present
Collector, was appointed. The business was carried on for some time
opposite the ( !ity Hall on Richmond street ; again in the Albion
Buildings from 1858 to September, 1872, when a part of the present
building was completed.

The site of the Custom House was purchased in 1860-70 from St.
Paul's Church for $8,000. In the latter year the work of construction
commenced, and continued until completion in 1873-4. The main
building is three stories high, covering 30,509 square feet. The one-
story annex covers 1,204 square feet. The outer walls of Ohio stone
are built in the modern Italian style, from plans by Wra. Robinson.

COUNTV OK MIDDLESEX.

227

In
III

The custom receipts of the port from 1871 to 1881 are as fol-
lows : —

1871 $233,126 1871 $304,888 1877 $419,038 1880 $451,751

1S72 263,076 1875 330,232 1878 459,147 1881 541,724

1873 214,!t70 1876 353,377 1879 470,510

The officers of the I'ort of London are Robert Reid, Collector ; E.
S ( 'ollett, Surveyor ; Tlios. Miller, Chief Clerk ; AV. G. Flynn, Clerk ;
J. L. Williams, < Ilerk and Locker ; Oscar H. Talbot, Clerk ; Jno. Sid-
dons, Ajipraiser; Geo. D. Sutherland, Dry Goods Appraiser; Ed.
Finnegan, Clerk ; NA'illiam Brett, Packer ; Richard Irvine, Landing
Waiter, Grand Trunk de]iot ; Edward J>, Minhinnick, Assistant Land-
ing Waiter, Cr. T. R ; William Taylor, Landing Waiter at Michigan
Central depot. The outports connected are at Strathroy and Clinton,
where James Taylor and John Irvine are Collectors.

MiUtai-y Buildings. — In 18(14 two brick sheds and armories were
constructed on Central and Wellington streets, one li;^>x77 feet, and
one Miix-l-:') feet, in the centre of Militia Grounds. The large shed
was demolished by a storm. In February, 1865, the military barracks,
then evacuated by the troops on order of Governor Williams, for an
alleged insult offered to Garrison CJommander Boles by the Mayor, were
for sale. In 18(14 the military also were quartered in the McPherson
carnage factory. In -Fune, 1870. the contracts for erection of brick
militia buildings were sold for $6,342, J. Bryan, J. Garner and A.
Purdom being the contractors. The brick storehouse cost $2,818, and
the caretaker's house and magazine S'"),87() ; in all, $18,13(1.

Railroad IhdldingK — Tlie first Grand Trunk depot of 1858 was an
open platform for freiglit and passenger business, just east of Adelaide
street. This was succeeded by a brick building. The location was
inconvenient ; so the company sought a spot on Hamilton Road and
Burwell street, where a frame shanty was erected 18x20 feet, con-
structed with rough boards. In December, 1872, this building was
destroyed. The old broad-gauge bed from St. Marys to Loudon was
changed to the American gatige that year, and a desire for improve-
ment was manifest ; but yet the company switched an old coach on
the west track which was used as ofhce and waiting-room until the
present buildings were opened Jan. 1, 1875. The first freight agent
was P. H. ( 'arter, who was succeded by Calvert. Carter returned, but
was succeeded by Thorp. Wm. Whyte came in 1874. In 187'J J. A.
Roche succeeded him.

The Canadian Pacific Railroad depot, near the northern limits of
the city, is also a modern building.

The Michigan Central dejiot and grounds are new additions to the
city — coming with the railroad. The building is modern in every
respect, and though not by any means the largest, is as substantially
built as any, and architecturally the neatest in Canada.

Modern Building Era. — The erection of the Tecumseh House and
City Hall in 185. '-5 ushered in the modern building era. In 1S5(),

228

IIISTOUY OK TIIK

brick, sti)ne aiui inline houses were added to the few iiiii^or'^int stores
;iii(l dwolliiijis wliioh escaped the fires of former years, aiid in 1859 no
h'ss than SS1,OUO were expended oTi pretentious structures. In that
y(!ar the following investments were made : —

Owner. Street. Builder. Est'm'd.

New Hauk... Richmond. . J3(),000

Post Ollicc ilo. Campbell 20,000

Smith, F Dnndas... do. 6,000

School Hortoii. . . .Garratt.. 2,000

WesleyanCh.. Tall Mall., do. 800

Wilson, Capt.. Talbot Moffat . . 3,000

Wheeler do. do. 800

WeIlingto„...fCo[J^«;Mcodo. 1,000

Owner. Street. nulUier. Est'm'd.

Ashton Dundas . ..Moll'at.. . .$ 800

Adams Duke Screaton.. 2,.'iOO

imitbell . . . 'I'iillHit . . . . . 3,000

Diirby Richmond. (ireen .. 2, .500

Li-onard do. Elliott.... 2,000

.McOaulcy . ..King Garratt. .. 3,000

iMaKce. ..Dundas Campbell. 2,000

McCormick.. do. ... 1,600

John ;\Iills, the stationer, who (tame here in ]8r)8, makes this
statcMient : — " There was only one house tlie other side of Maitland
street, and that belonged to a Mr. ilowliind, whose son is in the city
now. My st"re at jire.sent is in the Iii-art of the business part of
Londiin. In those days it was near the edge, as most of the trade of
the city was done we.st of Kichmond .street. Still there were a num-
ber of .stores around here, but nothing like there is to-day."

From this pei'iod forward the entin'prise of the capitalist, of the
religious and secret societies, « if the hundreds who were searching for
pleasant homes, went hand-in-hand with the energy of contractors,
and gave to London of the present day well built-up business thorough-
fares, streets, and elegant residence streets.

Queen's aveinie is the most beautiful drive ; the rows of residences
along this street are W(jrth noting. Among the most attractive are those
of John Labatt, Geo. T. Hiscox, Dr. .Moorehouse, Dr. Cam])bell, th(!
London Club, Wm. Sj)encer, Duftield, Mrs. Rock, Col. Lewis, A. W.
Porte, St. Andrew's manse. Dr. Eccles, Ed. Beltz, .T. K. Clare, Mrs.
Elliott, W. D. Eckert, J. B. Laidlaw, A. S. Abbott, Gilbert Glass, F. E.
Leonard, Major Larmour, Ciias. Crawford, E. K. Baynes, E. B. Reed,
St. Paul's rectory, Philip Cook, J. M. Denton's terrace, A. Screaton,
S. R. Brown.

Talbot street boasts of several good residences Among the best
are those of Mayor Cowan. Mrs. Meredith, Robt. Pritchard, Carletou
Terrace, A. K. MeUiourne, Dr. Eraser, Harvey's terrace. Dr. Smith,
Wm. A. Lipsey, R. J. C. Dawson, A. M. Smart, Alex. Stewart, John
S. Pearce. Donald McDonald, W. .r. Saunby, Wm. Magee, W. C.
Furness, Rev. Canon Newman, Alex Harvey, Thos. S. Hobbs, Cam-
den terrace, James Owrey, R. S. Murray, Miss Kennedy, W. J.
Hyman, Geo. S. liirrell, Hon. Elijah Leonard, to which list must be
;;dded Carling,s' brewery.

King street is another drive, along which are many fine residences
worth seeing Among tliese are the homes of Dr. Moore, John Wolfe,
B. A. Mitchell, R. C. Struthers, Wm. Stevely, Dr. Catterniole, Robert
Raid, Inspijctor lioyle, T. C. Hewitt, if. C. Maofie, John Taylor, F. A.
Fitzgerald, John Tan ton, James H. Belton, L. H. Scandrett, Thos. Pur-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

229

best
ietoii
pith,
llohu
C.

Jaui-

r. .).

kt be

Lnces

rolfe,

abevt

irm-

(lom, Mrs. Tilley, Frederick Rowland, Wm. Willis, .lohn Adams, John
Forsyth, John G. Mcintosh, Mrs. Elliott, Mrs. Johnston, Arthnr Wal-
lace, Mrs. H. Davis, Robert Mcl'herson, H. Ashplant, Wm. Ward, Dr.
Tenimnt, H. C. (Ireen, J. L. IJurt, John Purdom, D. A. McDermid, H.
G. Abbott, R. D. Dulmagc, and Mrs. H. R Brown.

Ainon<i the finer class of residences on Dntferin avenue arc those
of John Ferguson, J. W. [kittle, Wm. McDonough, George C. Gibbons,
W. T. Strong, C. W. Andrus, St. Peter's Palace. Rev. J. F. Latimer,
James C. Duffield, Geo. F. McC'orniick, Wm. M. Spencer, the Colle-
giate In,stit»ite, S. H. Craig, J. B. Vining, -Fudge Elliot, Andrew Cleg-
horn, R. D. Millar, Mrs. Graydon, Geo. Laing, Wilbur R. Vining,
Richard Irving, Andnsw Dale, John Shopland, Charles G. Cody, C. H.
E. Fisher, W. D. Buckle, Frank Glass. L. C. Leonard, John Bowman,
Alfred Robinson, Walter Bartlett, W. T. Edge, Colonel Aylmer.

Then; are many other very fine residences in London worth seeing,
but it is hardly jwssible to give a full list. Among the principal are
those of Colonel Peters, on Maple street ; Dr. Brown, on Kent ; Josiah
Blackburn, W. R. Meredith, Mr. McKiimon, James Magee and R.
Bayly, on Albert street; John McNec, J. D. Anderson, Mrs. Moore,
Wm. E. Saunders, James Reid, Robert Reid, jr., and George McNab,
on Central avenue ; S. Macdonald, Dr. Oronhyatekha, Chas. Kent and
Joseph JelVrey, on Lichfield street ; Bishop Baldwin and Geo. Robin-
son, on St. James street ; Mrs. E. W. Hytnan, on Sydenham ; St. John
Hyttenrauch, J. 1). Sharman and Isaac Danks, on Richmond street;
Wm. Percy inid Samuel Flory, on Grosvenor street; Henry Becher
and John Puddicuinbe, Huron College and Principal Fowell'a residence,
on George street ; Chief Williams, on Colborne street ; Nathaniel Reid,
on Waterloo street ; Alex. Johnston, on Colborne street ; the Sacred
Heart Convent, on Dundas street ; Samuel Glass and M. M.asuret, on
Wellington street ; George Taylor, on Adelaide street ; Samuel Craw-
ford, V. ( 'ronyn. Rev. .T. H. Robinson, Wm. Bowman, Murray Aiider-
.son, Ben Higgins, and John B. Murphy, on Dundas street ; James D.
Smith, W. F. Bullen, Rev. J. B. Richardson, Rowland Dennis and
Donald Morrison, on William street; Thomas IMuir, David Snuth, ('.
D. l^arr, Mrs. Russell Hardy and John Christie, on Waterloo ; Sheriff
Glass, Ed. Meredith, L. K. Cameron and J. D. Mcllwain, on Colborne
street ; Chas. F. Colwell, Joshua Garrett, Mrs. Macbeth, Thos. Green,
M. D. Eraser and A. W. Fraser, on Princess avenue; John Coote, on
Oxford street.

On Dundas and Richmond streets are several fine business blocks,
hotels and bank buildings, and at the corner of Richmond street and
DuH'eriii avenue, on the old lot patented by the Government to the
Church, is St. Peter's Cathedral, a building that would do credit to one
of the oldest and most populous cities of the continent.

The court-house, jail and county offices on Ridout street are very
primitive structures. The court-house and jail is a feudal-looking
[lile, Iniilt at the close of an age which dreamt only of keeping the

230

msTcJUY OK THE

people in a state of semi-slavery. It is a venerable pile, but will have
to go down to make room for a modern building.

The past lew years have seemed to inti^nsify the admiration of
residents and attract accessions to the pojjulation. New homos, new
school and church buildings emphasize; these appearances. The beauty
of location, the enterprise and liberality of tlu; founders and builders,
not more than educational and social ])rominenc(;, the sujjeriority of
public, ])rivate, denominational and convent schools, and the compara-
tively high state of morals to be found in the city, combine to render
it a point where merit will receive encouragement and assistance.

With all that has been done, much remains to be accompli .bed.
The destiny of the city will be reached when all, every one, of the
animate barriers who aie now here find a less progrtissive and nioi'e
congenial land, or are called away to that happy country, where for-
ever they can blow at Gabriel's horn.

Municipal Histury. — In former ])ages of this work, devoted to
general histoiy, an endeavor has been made to fully portray that
period in the history of the city when the primary steps were taken
to found a colony and build a town. Bringing the record down to a
date when the early settlement, emerging from behind clouds of
disappointment and uncertainty, took its allotted place among the
establi.shed evidences of Western Canadian enterprise, it is now
proposed to examine into a period in the history of the same city,
■when, with resources gi'eatly enlarged and territory extended by a
brilliant career of enterprise and industry, it has progressed to a degi'ee
of perfection invariably attending the exercise of these incentives.
Such success, born of laudable ambition, may have excited the jealousy
of rivals, but it has not bred a mischievous policy ; it has not nnr-
tiu'ed the germs of domestic corruption, which culminate in decay.
Under public and private care the city grew ra,ddly, trade was ex-
tended, manufactures increased, great improvements effected, additional
school-buildings erected, new religious and secular societies organized,
agricultural interests forwarded by every means, railroads aided and
built, bridges constructed, and everything accomplished which gave
promise of contributing to raunicij)al, commercial and social advaTice-
ment.

On Jan. 30, 1 826, an act to establish the district town of the London
District in a more central position and to annex the townshi])s of
Walpole and liainham to Haldimand County, in the Niagara District,
was passed. This act provided that Quarter Sessions and District
courts be held within some jiart of the reservation formerly made for
the site of a town, near the forks of the Thames in the townships of
London and Westminster, in Middlesex County, so soon as a jail and
court-house be completed. The survey, as recorded in the beginning
of this chajiter, was made, and the work of Quarter Sessions anil Assize
Courts was begun here in 1827. The settlement formed a part of
London Township down to 1840, when a village government was

COUNTY OF MIIJULESKX.

231

giaiited. From tH42 to its incorporation as a city in 1 S ,"14, the t<i\vn was
reprostintt'd in the County Council, as shown in tlio i,'oneral chajitcr
on Quarter Sessions and County Councils, but for the last thirty-lour
years its <,'overnnieut has been distinct from that of the county, beiiij^,
as it were, one of the ])rincipalities which Dorchester dreamt of build-
ing u]) out of the wilderness, ditlering only in having men chosen by
men to rule.

Villtuje of London Council. — The Presidents of the Village of
London from 1S40 to 1847 are named as follows : — George J. Good-
hue, 1S4(I; James Givens, 1841 ; Edward Matthews, 1842-;i; James
Farley, 1844; Joini Halkwill, 1845; T. W. Sh.j.herd, !84(;; and
Hiram J). Lee, I.S47. The Councillors of St. Tatrick's Ward were
Dennis O'JJrien, 1 840- 1 ; John O'Ncil, 184J; Edward Matthews, 184:!,
who later shot himself where the Federal I5ank was erected; J. Criiik-
sbunk, 1844-."); Win. lialkwill, 184(;; and H. S. Kobinson, 1847. The
Councillors of St. George's Ward were Geo. J. Goodhue, 1840; John
Jennings, 1841; John Claris, 184j!-3; John Jemiings, 1844-5; T. \V.
Stephen, 184(; ; Wm. Barker, 1847. The Councillors of St. Andrew'.s
Ward were Simeon Morrill, 1840-1; H. Van Buskirk, 1842; Richard
Frank, 184:!; John Talbot, 1844; John Iklkwill, 184."); Simeon Mor-
rill, 184<;; I'hilo Bennett, 1847. The Councillors of St. David's Ward
were John Balkwill, 1840-4; John Blair, 1845; John O'Flynn, 184(1;
James (Jraham, 1847. The additional Councillors, commonly called
"fifth members," were James Givens, 1840-1; Edward Mattliews,
1842 ; John O'Neil, I84;i ; James Farley, 1844; John O'Flynn, 1845;
Geo. Thomas, 1846; Dr. H. D. Lee, 1847. The Clerks of the old
village were Alex. Kobertson, 1840; 1). J. Hughes, 1841 ; W. K. Cf)r-
nish, 1842-;'.; Geo. Kailton, 1844; Thomas Scittcherd, 1845-0; Henry
Hamilton, 1847.

TiunsactionH of the Old Council. — There is no record ante-dating
April, 1843, when clerk W. K. Cornish was instructed to obtain a
minute book and the necessary stationery for the use of the Police
P>oard. Ezekiel Whittimore was a])pointed insjjector, but the object
which he was to inspect is not named. The amount in which the
treasurer was to give bonds was .£1,000; the clerk, £500; inspector,
£100; a.sse.ssor, £250; constable, £100; collector, £500. Thomas
Carlirig was ap})ointed street surveyor, his pay being five shillings
for each day engaged. Wm. Kobb" was appointed consiable; J. H.
Car r, assessor, and John O'Neil, collector. In May the sum of £10
was granteil to W. K. Cornish as rent for the u.se of his office to March,
1844, as Council Chamber. James Givens, President of the Board,
was ordered to surrender the bond of John Hughes, former clerk of the
village. An entry of October 2.'!, 1843, si)eaks plainly on some of the
habits and customs of the times. "John Balkwill, Esq., having
attended the Board in a state of intoxication : ordered, that the constable
do remove him ; he having done everything in his power to impede
the proceedings of the Board." Later that evening a second resolution

'J32

nisroKY 01' TIIK

was cairiod. ".Idliii Balk will, Vm\., oiu' of the iiKMiibors of tho Hoard,
having lirokcn tho windows of the. oflici', or instij,'iitt'd t\w sanio to bo
(lone: ordcnid, that tlic Board adjourn till to-niorrow nioriiiii},'." W.
K. ( 'ortiish, villaf,'o clork, <,'avo iioticct tliat Im would r(>si<,'n, owing to
I'alk will's conduct.

in .luiu\ or 'luly, 184.!, dcjirodatiiMH of sorncf oharactctr were coni-
niitlcd at London. TIk^ Board olllMcd XIO, and Mr. Whittitnore £;"i,
for tho. a])]irolu'nsi()n of tho olVonders.

Major Holnios, coinniaiiding tho Twonty-tliird Kcgimont, then
garri.soning London (.Inly, IS44), was roforrod to clau.so oiglitoon of
by-laws, an<l rocinostod to jiroviMit his inon from violating such clause.
Henry ('. II. I>echer, ( 'harle.s Prior, Ah'X. Crordon and W. K. Cornish
were a])]iointod returning otiicors for 1844. In Doceniber, 1844. the
use of tho Board n)oni was granted to the Masoinc T^odgo, on petition
of Alo.N (lordon. In January, 18:>7, a jiotition from th(! residents of
London asked the Quarter Sessions Court to order all dogs to be "shut
up or shot;" but as .some of the magistrates were tho owners of tho
worst dogs in the village, tho petition was loft unnoticed. A "dog law,"
however, was passed by tho Village Council, Feb. 2, 1884. The
oflicers of the Board for 1844 were: — (ieorge Kailton, clerk; W. W.
Street, treasurer ; Boyle Travers, assos.sor; John McDowell, collector;
I'hilo Bennett, con.stable ; K. Whittimore, inspector, and Benjamin
Higgins, j)ound-koofi(!r

The munici])al business of 1 84.") opened with a mooting called to
protest against a petition then in the hands of the Clovernment. .seek-
ing the amendment of the village charter. Thos. Keir, Geo. liailton,
Alex. Gordon and 1). M. Thompson were returning ofticers. On Feb.
n, L84r», the question (ff who was elected to the Board from St. Patrick's
Ward was decided in favor of .lohn Crnikshank against Hugh Steven-
son, and of John Balkwill against Ellis. Henry C. K. Becher repre-
sented Ellis, and Wm. Horton represented Hugh Stevenson. John
Wilson was em])loyod as village attorney in May, 1845. Tho oflicers
of the Board for 184.5 were: — W. W. Street, treasurer; Thomas
Scatcherd, clerk ; Boyle Travers, assessor ; John McDowell, collector ;
Peter McCann, constable; Kzekiel Whittimore, warden and in-
.spector and Benjamin Higgins, jiound-keeper. In October, 184."i,
Colonel Talbot was asked to bring before the Government the pro-
position of granting to the Town of London all the broken front
lots within the village limits. In December a new series of by-
laws appeared in the Tinieti. In August, I84(), George Thomas, a
member of the Board, moved to Chatiiam. His resignation was asked
for by letter of Clerk Scatcherd. Among tho items jjaid in April,
1847, was £5 to H. C. R Becher "for drafting i)roposed now act of
incoiporation of the town." In 1847 Henry Hamilton was elected
Clerk, and John Brown, collector, being the only chiinges in the list of
Board oflicers, John Walsh having refused to scjrve as insi)ectur.
Alany of the acts of the old village do not apjioar here. Those relat-

COUNTY OK MIDDIXSKX

2:^3

ticcrs

lOIUllS

lector ;
ll in-

,184.".,
\n'o-

frotit
)f by-
nas, a
I asked
I April,

act of
llectcil

list of

[wctuv.
rclat-

iiir; to firos, licciisos, liospitiils, bonus to iiuliistrips, poHco, schools, &c.,
will 1)0 fouiitl miilor thoir rcsiu'ctivo lioa(liii<»s.

Toivn of Lomloii. — Tho act to rofwal the act of incoqioration of
the Town of London and to establish a Town Council for Tx)iidon,
instead of a ISoard of I'olice, was assented to Jtilv L'S, 1847.

The Mayors of the Town of London from iS48 to I8.')4 are named
as follows: — Simeon Merrill, I84S and 1850-1 ; Thomas 0. Dixon,
1S4'.»; Edward Adams, 18r)2-.">; and Marcus Holmes, I8r)4,

The Council of 1848 comjirised 11. S. Kobinson and John Dimond;
Win. lUirker and Samuel Stansiield ; I'hilo IJentuitt and Michael Seger ;
A. McCormick and .John Doyle, rejn'esonted the wards respectively.
In 1841) M. Anderson and liobert CJnnn ; William Darker and Thomas
Carling; James Daniel and I'hilo Uennett; James Graham and Benj.
Nash. On March 1, 184'.i, efli<,'ies were publicly burned in the mar-
ket s(iuare of London. The ALayor, althouuh asked by the (Council to
take action in the matter, failed to notice the proceeding. In 18,")().
each of the wards was f»iven three representatives and the town a
Keeve and Deputy. The Councilmen were : — Murray Anderson, L.
Lawrason and John Ashton ; Thoi i.is Carling, H. C. R. Becher and
Win. liarker ; Simeon Morrill, James Daniel and Philo Bennett ;
Benj. Na.sh, John K. Labatt and Edward Adams. In 18ril Edward
Adams rejjlaced Lawrason for St. Patrick's ward ; Carling, Becher and
Barker were re-elected for St. George's ward ; Simeon Morrill, Oliver
McClary and Marcus Holmes for St. Andrew's; John K. Labatt, D.
M. Thomson and John Clegg for St. David's. In 18^2 James Oliver,
K. Adams and M. Anderson ; T. Carling, W. Barker and J. C. Mere-
dith ; ^larcus Holmes, James Reid and Oliver McClary; James Daniel,
Geo. Code and John Clcgg, re])resonted the .several wards. In LS;")."?
the first named two wards were represented as in 18.^-: — Marcus
Holmes, James Cousins and Ellis W. Hyman represented St. Andrew's ;
John Scanlan, Peter Sehram and James Daniel, St. David's. Mur-
ra}' Anderson was Reeve, and Wm. Barker, Deputy from 1840 to the
close of 1852. Wm. Barker in 18.");)-4, with Marcus Holmes, Deputy
in ISoo, and Murray Anderson in 18;)4.

In 1854 Elijah Leonard replaced Ol'ver for St. Patrick's, Robert
Wilson replaced J. C. Meredith for St. (J-eorge's, St. Andrew's Ward
retained its three representatives of 1853, while .lames MoH'at, John
Blaii' and John Clegg were the Councilmen elected for St. David's
Ward.

Alfred Carter was the first chirk of the old town in 1848. James
Farley succeeded him in 184'.), and held the position until the town
govcrniuent was changed into a city government, Jaii. 1, 1855.

Transactions of Town Council. — The transactions of the old
Town (\iuncil, like those of the Village Council, were of such a varied
character, that like them, they are scattered throiighout this chapter,
and some find a way into county history. On Aug. 17, 1847, Mr.
BarkfM- was called to apologize for the use of abusive language to

234

HISTORY OF THE

brother members of the lloiinl the day before. In A\ii,'tist ( 'oUector
McDowell resigiKul, when A. S. Abbott was appointed to that jmsi-
tioii. In SejiteinlxT Clerk Carter refused to pay over moneys allej^cd
to have been collected by him, to the new Council. In October t!i('
Council enacted that all reli;j;i(iU3 societies nsinji; the Town Hall should
pay two and a-half shillinj^s ])er nitjht. The New Connexion Metho-
dist Society was ])ermitted to put u]) an extra stove in tlu; Council
room. Mr. McClary was town surveyor and enj^ineer.

In Jainiary, 184'.!, the election case of Bali^will vn. Nash was before
the Council. There were many witnesses, who proved that Halkwill,
since j^iviug u[) housedveei)ing. still resided here, while others ]iroved
liim only to be a visitor. The Cnuncil decided in favor of Nash, who
was declared Councilman for St David's Ward. James Farley was
chosen clerk ; and, on motion of liarker, seconded by IJennett, a vote
of thanks was given to ex-Clerk Charles Hutchinson for the eflicicnt
and satisfactory manner in which he fulfilled the duties of his oflice.
A. S. Abbott was rciapjiointed collectoi', with Fen.ser, Stead and Phnn-
mcr assessors.

On February 7 the Council convened to review tlie draft of a bill
providinjT for a >,'eneral municipal incorporation law, and the town was
divided into ( 'entrc. North and South Wards. Henry C. K. lieclier
was appointed town solicitor to succeed John Wilson,

In .Jamiary, 1850, lieeve Anderson was chosen to re])resent the
town in the County Council, with l)e])uty-lteeve Nash. James
Farley was ap])ointed clerk; Peter Mc(,'anu, High Bailitf; Captain
Caddy, engineer; W. W. Street, treasurer; A. S. Abbott, clerk.
Harding O'lJrien, Hugh Stevenson and John ^McDowell were ap-
pointed assessors for St. George's Ward ; John Plummer, A. Lowrie
(succeeded by J. Talbot) and Peter Schram, for St. Patrick's ; John
Scanlon, E. P. KUis and John Matthews, for St. Andrew's ; James
Elliot, Henry Green and Thomas Fraser, for St. David's. The constables
then a])pointed for the wards, in the order as given, were Thonius
Fletcher and W, McAdam ; Patrick McLaughlin, John IJooth and
Thomas Wiggins. A. W. Grillith was appointed inspector, with .lolui
Lowrie. Samuel H. Parke was reai)pointed inspector of weights and
measures. The salaries were : — Clerk, £'>'> ; treasurer, £2") ; engineer,
£50; collector, £45; high constable, £25; inspectors, £ll' lOs. nd.
each In May, 1850, Councillor Labatt a.sked the (.'ouncil to proclaim
May 24th a holiday.

In April, 1S52, tenders for surveying the town were received from
Samuel Pcter.s, £22:5; John TuUv,' £5".t:; ; Sandford Flemuig, £125;
Kobert Inni.s, £110; Charles Fraser, £l(i;i; W. B. Leather, £2'.i;i ;
Geo. P. Leddy, £180; and William McClary, £195. The work was
awarded to Samuel Peters. In July W. W. Street resigned the oflice
of Treasurer (which he held for 12 years), when John Brown was ap-
pointed. In December the Council agreed to attend the funeral of
Geo. Lode, a late member. The gentlemen were also kind enough to

COUNTY OF miuhleskx.

235

ll fidUl

]'k WHS

oflice

■as ap-

H-al o£

limb to

themselves to onler " IH pairs of mr.n's black kill <,'lovos and crape,
and a sufticient quantity of white satin ribbon," so that they could at-
tend the funeral in state.

An act vesting a portion of (,'hurcli street in the lioard of Works
was approved .lune 14, ISo."!. John and William Carling, William T.
Jlenwick and James S. Thompson were owners of certain lots bounded
on the west by Church stn.'et, and their ])etition, on w'lich the act was
l)as(!d, pointed out that Church street was rendered useless by the
opening of the new or Sarnia street ; that they received no compensa-
tion therefor; and so it was ordered that the Board of Works sell to
the owners named that portion of Church street abutting their lots as
a, consideration for their proi>erty a]ipro{)riated to Sarnia street.

On Sept. 211, 1855, the Council granted .£5(1 to celebrate the fall of
Sebastojiol, and ordered the police, fire brigade and jjoople to turn out.
Councillors Glass, Leonard, McBride, Schram, Carling and Kermott
were a])i)ointed to manage the all'air. In October, IiS55, the Governor-
General was oflicially received. In December a visit from the t.'ity
Council and Fire Department of Detroit, Mich., was frustrated by the
Great Western Railway refusing to lower the regular fare. The Lon-
don (Council consoled the would-be visiujrs with the ])romise that on
tlie coin])letion of the London & Port Stanley Railroad they could
come to the Port by steamer and thence to London free.

Parks. — Sixty-two yeai's ago London was all a park. For a decade
|irior to 182(i the country at the Forks was known to some of the settlers
of the seven-mile-woods of Oxford, of the Buckwheat River settlement in
Dorchester, of Westminster, Delaware find London Townships. In
181(1 Monseigneur Plessis, of (j)uebec, visited tlie ])lace, with Rev. Mr.
Kelly and the Abbe ( Jauvreau, on their return from Sandwich , but of
all who jiassed this way since Si mcoe and his stall' camped at the Forks,
ni.t one, except Bishop Plessis, considered the beautiful place worth
notice. It was all a ])ark, fit for the aborigir:es to dwell in ; their most
liictures([ue and one of their most })rofitable hunting grounds. The
surveyor came with his chain and axe, the spell of the wilderness was
removed, and the trees of a century began to disappear. Andrew
Yerex, who looked in on this scene in LS24, states thai on his arrival
in the fall of 1824 the ])laco where Lonilon now stands was a dense
forest, and oidy two concessions of Westminster were fairly settled.
The roads were scarcely more than trails through the woods, marked
l)y the blazed trees, which formed conspicuous lanilmarks along the
route. In fact theie was but one line that could really be termed a
thorough fare, that being the Longwoods road, or, as it was then termed,
Westminster street, although there was another I'oad leading to St.
Thomas. That ])laci! was then called a village, and possessed some
importance, as it had about a do/en houses.

IJttlt' (lid the early inhabitants estimate the value of trees ; they
Were an inenndu'auce, and their wholesale destruction was looked upon
with pleasure ; bu.t with all tlu; ravages of commercial i)rogress one

236

HlSTOliY OK TIIK

little grove remained to receive as it were tlie first railroad train in
1853. That year Alex. Tytler arrived here, and s])eaking of the old
forest, by the tongue of the Adoertiser, in Oct., ISS8, he says: —
" When I ctime here there was no London East, no London South, nor
no London West. There were a few scattered liouses over thei'e, but
you could fire a cannon off from the top of the hill without the lea.st
danger of doing any damage. Why, twenty or twenty five years ago
I helped ti cut trees down on Dundas street. It's not so very long
ago since a grouji of trees grew on the corner of Talbot and JJundas
streets. I helped to clear thorn away."

The inhabitants of later days, however, learned of the loss sus-
tained through want of judgment in their predecessors. Thousands of
dollars had to be e.\i)ended in an elfort to secure for the residence streets
and parks of the i)resent time suitable .shade trees. Even the court-
house square, which the vandal oflicers of 1 827-8 had cleared of the
oUl, old trees, so that they could chain their prisoners to the stumps,
had to be replanted, and a little while ago many of the great ])iues
which stood in Salter's grove had to give way to the Exposition build-
ings or to the race track. Never will pine grow here again like those
moiKirchs of the grove. From Carling's Creek to Wellington, a dense
})ine forest existed — all buckwheat ]iine of young growth — until Tho.s.
Waters built his saw-mill above Hynian's present tannery.

Victoria Park was so named by the Governor-General, Angu.st 27,
1874. This park, says the Advertiser : — " Comprises about sixteen
acres, and is fast becoming, as the trees grow larger, one of the loveli-
est spots in the city. The site where it now stands originally belonged
to the Imperial Government, who reserved it for military purposes.
In 18;)7, when they were hurrying out troops to this country to suji-
press the rebellion, a long frame barracks was erected upon the ground
lor their accommodation, and for many years after that IJritish troops
were quartered therein. In time this immense barracks l)egan to
decay, and the trooj)s deserted it. It finally became an eyesore to the
city, and the resort for characters of the worst sort, who made a regu-
lar borough oiit of it for themselves. It gave the whole neigiiborhooii
a name from which it took years to recover, and finally one night it
caught fire and was totally destroyed. This property, long before this
time, had been transferred from the Imperial to the Dominion Govern-
ment, and subsetjuently by the Dominion Government deeded to the
city of London. Victoria I'ark was then laid out, and in a few years
an unsightly commons with a tumble down olil barracks on it and
partially surrounded by a stump fence was tran.sformed into the beauti-
ful place it now is. But when the park was laid out London was not
as large as it is now, nor had its residents such metropolitan ideas.
They were at that time very fond of allowing their cows, horses, jtigs
and geese to roam at large, destroying what they pleased. Therefore
the Council in its wisdom had a high picket fence put up around the
park. In time this fence decayed and became an eyesore. For years

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

237

this
bvL'vn-
to llui
years
[t luul
leauti-
las not
1 ideas.

J)igS

tore

Ire

|id the
vears

the Advertwer called for its removal and advised the putting down of
straight walks from corner to corner, to stoj) people cutting pathways
through the grass. However, the Advertiser'a views were too far
ahead of those of the Council to prevail at once, but iu tlie end the
suggestions had to be acted upon. First the fences went down, and
tills year Aid. Taylor at once saw the advantage of straight walks, and
liad tiiem cut out. The removal of the fences alone around Victoria
I'ark had the ell'ect of raising the value of yn'operty in the neighbor-
hood very considerably. When the trees on it get a little larger, there
will probably not be another spot like it in the Province."

In December, ISf)!.;, St. James' I'ark was leased to Thomas Francis
under certain conditions for si.x years, which lease was extended in
1 857 to ten years. In Augu.st, 18(i(), an item of £'> for the removal
of " Kussian guns " apj)cars. in December, 1800, carriages were jn'e-
jtared for them, and they were placed in position. In IS")") a resolu-
lion to fence the grounds deeded to the city for a public ])ark by Col.
lUu'well, was carried.

The Exhibition. Grounds.— ]n April, 1878, Benj. Cronyn and '.M)
others ))etitioned the Council for leave to enclose Salter's Grove and
ponvert it into a ])ublic ])ark. This ])etition was granted, and Recrea-
tion Park became an established fact. The name Queen's I'ark was
subsequently be.stoM-ed upon the ground. S})eaking of this ])ark, the
Advevtim'r, in its great issue of Oct. 29, 188(S, says: — " While Victoria
I'ark by the art of num was transformed from an eyesore into a thing
of beauty. Queen's I'ark was made what it is by nature. Of course
nature has been aideil and abetted of late years by the City Council,
but Queen's Park was puichased by the Council because of its natural
advantages. Refore coming into ])ossession of the cor])oration it
belonged to the late Dr. Salter, after whom it was called " Salter's
Grove." Some fifteen or eighteen years ago, when the fever for
])arks struck Lotidon, it was purchased by the city for some $11,000.
It was then in the county, or what was generally known as London
Kast, although at that time London East was a small [)lace. It has
])roved a good investment, and the land which then cost $11,000
would in ail likelihood now bring $30,000 or $40,000. At odd periods
after its purcliase sjiasmodic etibrts of a costly character were made to
improve and beautify it, but without result. Fences were put up, a
circular half-mile race track built, a band stand erectisd, and so on. It
was nut, however, until the Western Fair was removed there that it,s
inij)ruvenu!nt was gone about in a systematic manner. It will be re-
membered that the ])eo])le by a large majority decided to sell the old
Fair Grounds in the northern part of the city. The people by another
vote reje(!ted Carling's farm as a Fair site, and selected (.Queen's Park.
As a consequence, some $70,000 has been expended upon it in erecting
buildings and beautifying the grounds. A fine half-mile rac(> track
has been graded on the eastern side. The grounds have been leveled,
and handsome buildings erected here and there. When the good work

238

IHSrOKY 01' TIIK

is completed London will liave the finest fair grounds on the con-
tinent."

The city by-law establishing the Park is dated May 5, 1879, article
:> j)roviding that lienjamin Cronyn, Andrew McCorniick and William
H. Binell be trustees of the Park ; and may fence, improve and erect
buildings.

In .Tunc, 18(18, the court-house grounds were granted to the city
for park purposes, the condition being that the grounds should be
jdanted with ornfimental trees.

Bridges. — Up to 182(3, and for some years later, when the settlers
found it necessary to cro,ss the river, they had recourse to two bridges,
tiiat being the total number then existing. One of these stood a little
below where the water-works machinery is now located at Spring-
bank, and was known as ".Garner's bridge." It was a rough, old-
fashioned structure, ])lainly but substantially constructed. The petition
was gotten u]) by Gardner and lieynolds in 1S2-I, and the bridge was
finished in 182."). Contemjmrary was the liyrou bridge. There was no
contractor, the people forming a bee, drawing the timber in the fall of
lS2-i, and building the striicture at once. Among the builders were
Duncan Mackenzie, Muiiroe, the blacksmith, Ilobert Summers, and
others. The bridge at iJoty's was built up over the South Branch, near
the Dorchester line, about the year 182;"). In the fall of 182(1 West-
minster, or York street, was erected, and then Blackfriars. On Aug.
17, 1847, the question of rebuilding Wellington bridge was before the
Board, as the Inspector reported it dangerous. A bridge at the foot of
Kidout street was constructed in 1848. A debenture was issued to
Benjamin Gaman in December, 184'.(, for £'.t(l (Is. 2d., being 6 per
cent, interest, for completing work on bridge and a])proaches, presum-
ably Wellington street. In February, 18:?], Blackfriars' bridge was
comjjleted, being the second bridge built at this point. In Marcii,
1851, thanks were tendered to the persons who tried to save the bridge
at the foot of liidout street during the freshet of Feb. 24 ; also to
Capt. Caddy for his exertions toward saving other bridges, while .£1
was awarded Arthur Wallis, Loop Odell, Lyman Gritlith and Wil-
liam Tibbs for saving Wellington street bridge. In August, 18.") 1,
arrangements for rebuilding Blackfriars' bridge were m.ide, and sewers
down York and liichmond street were constructed. The bridge over
Mill Creek, on Talbot street, was begun in August, 1S,")2. The
Victoria Bridge Companv were engaged in building their bridge in
,Fuly, 1854.

In Sei)tember, 1871, the bridges over the Thames, one at the foot
of Dundas and one at the foot of Oxford street, were authorized and
$1,(10(1 a]ii)ropriated to each, to be paid as soon as a sutlicient sura
would be suliscribed for building (Uther bridge. Victoria Bridge was
■wholly swe})t away February 14, 1874. There, on duly 21, Mrs. Van
Wormer and Miss Elliott were drowned. The great floo<l of .1 uly, 1 882,
•was first discovered by Mr. Thompson, of the Advertiser, at about two

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

239

o'clock in the morning. This did much damage in London West,
oarrying away Kensington and Oxford street bridges, and drowning
iibout twelve persons.

The bridges round London have cost in the aggregate over $150,000
of hard cash, to put up. The most striking, of course, are the railway
bridges, of which there are three, two on the main line west of the city
ami one on the Port Stanley branch. They are constructed entirely of
iron and stone, and are all some .lOO or 400 feet in length. For
vehicle traflic there are seven iron bridges surrounding the city, viz.,
Clark's and Victoria to the south ; Westminster, Kensington, iilack-
fviars' and Oxford sti'eet to the west ; and Brough's to the north. The
l)ridge on Adelaide street north, which is wholly within the county,
is the oidy wooden structure in the neighborhood of London.

Sidewalks and Megulating Laws. — William Blinn attended school
ill early years where the market house now stands, and later put in
the first street crossing from Douglass & Warren's store to the point
where the j\Lansion House is. In May, 1843, Benjamin Nash was
fined seven shillings for letting his house stand out thirteen feet on
Thames street. He was ordered to remove it within two weeks.

Under date of May 29, it is ordered " that the carpenter do inspect
the jilank from Birrell's store west to Kidout street, thence up Ridout
street north to School-house Corner, and that he make the same
secure ; and any persons having cellar doors on the sidewalk may be
allowed to secure the same at their own expense, subject to the appro-
val of the carpenter." At this time the office of village carpenter was
filled by George Watson. The Fire Company's acccount amounted to
£.") IDs. ;Ud., which amount was ordered to be paid to Wm. Till in
May. By-law No. ol provided "that hereafter no cows shall be
milked, slojjped, or otherwise fed on any of the sidewalks in the Town
of London."

At this time, June, John Balk will was appointed pathmaster for
St. David's Ward, John Claris for St. George's, Samuel Peters for St.
Patrick's, and Jiichard Frank for St. Andrew's. -lames C. Little was
fined seven shillings "for riding on the sidewalk" in .Inly. Lawren*' "
Lawrason was taxed £'A ."Is. Od. for sidewalk in front of his house,
yrom an order dated September 12, 184.'), it ajipears that the streets
of the village were very jmniitive. This order provided " that the
water tabk; lie propi'rly fixed on Richmond street, between North and
Duiidas street, and the drain on the east side be deepened and enlarged,
and a cross drain be made across I )undas street." The street inspector
ordered the jilatform in front of Colwell's chair factory on Ridout
street, and one on lot I."), north side of King street, to be removed in
October. A number of jiersons were lined in November, 1843, for riding
on tlie sidewalks, among whom was the popular Rev. Patrick O'Dwyer.
A sidewalk on the we.st side of Talbot street, from Dundas to King
street, was authorized in November, 1843. A plank sidewalk on King
street, from Clarence to Richmond, was laid down in October, 1845.

240

HISTORY OF THE

In 1846 Hugh Stevenson petitioned to have a crossing place on Dmi-
das street, opposite Thomas Craig's book store. A ])laiik walk from
the Commissariat office to Wellington Bridge was authoriztid in Ajtril,
1847. In Jnly, 1847, £3(M) were appropriated for improving the town.

Cemeteries. — The first burial ground was tliat of St. Paul's, while
the Potter's Field was beyond the barracks. Another (■■ tnetcry, just
west of Salter's Grove, on the south side of Dundas, was abolisliod
some years ago.

Mount Pleasant Cemetery was established in 1874 as a public
cemetery. Samuel AlcBride was then secretary, and Wm. Saunders
treasurer of the Associatinn.

Oakland Cemetery, on Francis street, is the i)arlianu!ntary name of
the old Presbyteriiin or Proudfoot cemetery and that of the New Con-
nexion Methodist Society, just outside Mount Pleasant burial ground.
The Cemetery Company was formed in the spring of 1882, with John
Plummer, ])resident; Charles Elliott, secretary; John Mills, treusun-r;
with llev. Dr. Proudfoot, Eph. Plummer, Ninian Wilson, John Taiiton
and J. Johnson, trustees, and (.'ol. Moll'att, James Seale, U. Darvill
and llobert Reid, a committee on improvement, all forming the Houi J.
Mr. Webley was appointed caretaker, and work on the ornamentation
of the grounds was carried out by him.

Woodland Cemetery, a recent addition to the burial grounds of the
city, in Westminster, is well kejjt ; while old St. Paul's graveyard, long
since removed, was another of the fields where many early settlers
were laid to rest.

The first record of interment in the London Catholic Cemetery is
made under date August 18, 1850, when Felix McLaughlin, aged
about ()0 years, was buried; the funeral services being performed liy
Eev. Thadeus Kirwan. In October, Michael Flood was buried there,
also Thomas O'Mara, aged 50 years ; Peter Logan, aged 4+ years, and
James Bahan and James Christie, infants. The first interment in
Mount St. Peter's was that of John Kennedy, July 1(), 1857. Up to
July 18, 1870, there were 929 burials in this cemetery, and since that
time up to August, 1888, 1,295 burials. In 1815 a burial ground was
established in Westminster on lands belonging to Peter McNames and
James Sheldon, which was donated by them. This old cemetery is on
Brick street, on the Commissioner's road, and is the resting place of
many pioneers of London and Westminster.

Streets and Roadways. — Harding Mc(>onnell was paid £3 in
August, 1843, for cutting down a hill on Bathurst street, between
Ridout and Thames streets. At this time the question of " turnpik-
ing"east Bathurst street was reported fiivorably. In August, 18-4;!,
William Frank was given the turnpike contract. Charles Hutchinson
was granted the contract for opening York street east to the reserve
from St. Paul's ''hurch, the sum being £15 15s. Od. The road from
Wellington stiv^ot east to the reserve from St. Paul's Church was
ordered to be opened and graded in Oct., 1843.

ri
(1
1.1

Iii

foi
am

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and

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to be p

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

241

lun-
rom
pvil,

llWll.

, just
islied

)\ililic
indevs

me of
! Con-
;votUUl.
I John
asuivv ;
Tiuitmi
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nitatiou

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settlers

^\ctevy is
lin, iiged
fnne<l l>y
ed llievi'.
jeavs, and
f-meJit in
Up to
lince that
pnud was
tines and
Itcvy is on
place of

id £■■' in
\)etween

'tui'uvik-
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lutchinson
Te reserve
[•oad from
[uvch ^vas

On April 15, 1844, Engineer Zivonski reported the completion of
(he plank road from Westminster bridge eastward to the town limits.
The Board complained of this short road, and a memorial to the
Board of Works, setting forth the impassable condition in which the
roads adjoining thi'^ ])lank road were left, and asking that the Port
Stanley road along Yoric street to the lirantford ])lank road, at the ,Mid
of York street, on the new survey of the town, be finished at tlie ex-
jiense of the district. This memorial the Board of Works denied.
£50 were gi'anted for opening Wellington street from Dnndas to the
river ; £5 for removing the hill on North street leading from Ridout to
(lie river, iind £5 toward improving the road at the end of Blackfriars
hridgo were granted in June, 1 844.

In July, 1844, I'hilo Beimett succeeded Whittimore as Street
Iii.si)ector. At this time the Government was petitioned to grant lots
11 and 12, Bathurst street, and 11 and 12 on York street to the town,
for the puri^ose of (jxtending the plank road and joining the Brantford
and Port Stanley plank roads at that point.

In May, 1845, Dennis O'Brien was authorized to have the hill
from his brick building on Dundas street to North street cut down.

(Jleim was allowed 2.V shillings "for gravel laid by him on Dundas
,*wt,"i" 1847.

In June, 1848, the sum of £20 was appropriated for removing the
hills on Horton and Eidout streets in St. David's and St. Andrew's
Wards.

During the .summer of 1848 the following streets were graded and
graveled : — IMdout and Richmond from Hitchcock street to Dundas,
iind Talbot street from North to Dnntlas. The order provided for nine
inches of gmvel on a strip sixteen feet wide. At this time several
new sidewalks w(;re placed, and old ones repaired. The work of grading
and graveling streets was extended north and south of Dundas, and
east and west of Richmond ; hills were reduced. In July, no less than
£900 were ajjpropriated for public improvements in the town ; the old
plank road was taken \\\) and a new road bed put down ; new streets
were opened and improved ; the court-lu)Use square was fenced, partly
by jtrivate subscrii)tion, and a general round of improvement marked
tlie progress of the village. Mr. McClary was superintendent of works.
On Sepiteinber \), 1 849, the whole of Burlington street from its inter-
section with Huron, including Mark Lane and part of Richmond street
to Dimdas street, was gi'anted to the London Proof Line Road Co , as
])art of their road and terminus thereto, under certain conditions. In
March, 185G, Geo. Roulton asked the Council to order all houses to be
numbered. Owing to the irregular and scattered condition of the
houses, even on the best streets, the request was not granted. Roulton,
however, was empowered to take the census of the city ; but without
conditions as to pay. In July, 186(), the names of streets were ordered
to be placed on street corners, and all houses numbered.

On June 14, 1853, the act vesting portions of east York street,

24J

HISTORY OF THK

east Batliurst and VVelliii«,'ton streets, in the Great Western Kailioiul,
was assented to.

A petition for the election of Mayor by the inhabitants instond of
by the Council, was signed in January, 185o, and presented to the
(Jonncil.

Incor/)oratio)i of London City. — The act of September 21, 1854,
provided that the Town of London be raised to the rank of a city, its
boundaries being thus described : — " All tliat part of the Province
situate within the County of Middlesex, and lying within the followini;
limits, that is to say : all the lands comjirised within the old and new-
surveys of the Town of London, together with the lands adjoiniiii];
thereto, lying between the said surveys a!id the lliver Thames, pro-
ducing the northern boundary of the new survey until it intei'sects tlic
North Ihanch of the River Thames, and producing the efistern boundary
line (il 'lie said new survey until it intersects tlie East Branch of the
River '11 lames, and the eastern boundary line be known as Adelaide
street" Within this tract seven wards were established, and the
charter election ordered to be held January 1, 1855. This charter was
signed at Quebec by I*. J. 0. Chauvreau, secretary, and approveil witli
all the profuse phraseology of the time.

In September, 1.S54, the old Council referred to the failure of the
member for London to have the town proclaimed <'i city, and asked Thus.
Scatcherd, then representing West Middlesex, to have the act proclaimed
in the Gazette. This was accomplished, and on January 1 the elections
were duly held. The Mayors from this city from that period to 18ii,'i
are named as follows: — Miirray Anderson, 1855; Wm. Barker, 1850;
Elijah Leonard, 1857 ; David Glass, 1858 ; Wni. McBride, 1859 ; Jus.
Mofiatt, 18r.O; F. E. Cornish, 18C1 to January, 1865.

The members of the Council from 1855 to 18(i2, inclusive, are
named in the following roll : —

For 1855 — First Ward — Aldermen, Peter Schram and Jas. Molfatt;
Councilmen, John Blair and B. Wheeler. Second Ward — AUlernieii,
M. Anderson and Elijaii Leonard ; Councilmen, Wm. McBride and
Geo. M. Gunn. Third Ward — Aldermen, James Daniels iind Joseph
Gibbons; Councilmen, Arthur Wallace and -lohn Clegg. Fonrtli
Ward — Aldermen, R. Abernethy and J. W. Kermott ; Councilmen,
Frank Smith and David Glass. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, D. Lester
and Geo. G. Magee ; Councilmen, Thomas Carter and Robert Smith.
Sixth Ward — Aldermen, John Carling and Thomas Feel ; ( 'ouncilmen,
Wm. Glen and P. Phipps. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, Wm. Barker
and Wm. Darby ; Councilmen, Robinson Oit and .lohn Wells.

For 1856 — First Ward — Alderaien, Peter Schram and Jas. ^MoH'att;
Councilmen, John Blair and R. S. Talbot. Second Ward — Ahleimeii,
Elijah Leoniird and Wm. McBride ; ( 'oinicilmen, S. McBride and dolin
O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, Marcus Holmes and David Glass;
(."ouncilmen, John Clegg and John A. Arnold Fourth Ward— Aldei-
men, Francis Smith and J. W. Kermott; Councilmen, William Gla.s-

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX.

243

I of
the

854,
y.its
viuw
)wiut;
, new

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■ti'.v was
ed with

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ed Tho3.
ocVaimed
elections

to 1^''>^
:v, 185ir.
59 ; .Tas.

jsive, ave

MoHatt;
khkvuieii,
('.vide and
\a .loseph
Fouvtli
^luciin^en,
Lester
[vt Smith.

\n. Barker

■^^lolVatt;
liVhlevmeu,
1 and .lohn

/id Glass-.
Ja— Aldev-

and Wm. T. Kioly. Fifth Wnrd — Aldermen, Daniel T.ester, and CJeo.
(i. iMagce ; Councilmen, Robert Smitli, and James Hitchins. Sixth
^Vjivd— Aldermen, John ( 'arlinjj and Thomas Peel ; (Jouncilmen, P.
riiijiiw and Ed. Garratt. Soventli Ward — Aldermen, Wm. Barker and
S. Stansfield ; (.'ouncilmen, John Wells and llobinson Orr.

For IH.'i? — First Ward — Aldermen, James Motfatt and James M.
Cousins; Councilmen, John Blair and (leorge Taylor. Second Ward
— Aldermen, Klijah Leonard and William McBride ; Conncilmen, S.
McBridc an(l John O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, ]\Iarcus Holmes
and David Glass; Conncilmen, John Arnold and James Durand.
Fointh Ward — Aklermen, Francis Smith and 11. Abornethy ; Conncil-
men, W. T. Kioly and Wm. Glass. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Daniel
Lester and H. Hunter; Councilmen, llobert Smith and Wm. Doty.
Sixth Ward — Aldermen, John Carling and Ed, Garratt; Councilmen,
P. I'hijJiis and Geo. Fitzgerald. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, S. Stans-
field and P. G. Norris ; Councilmen, John Uoss and R. Thompson.

For 1858— Fir,st Ward — Aldermen, James Cousins and John Blair;
Councilmen, P>. Wheeler and Robert Gunn. Second Ward — Alder-
men, Wm McBride and M. Anderson ; Councilmen, S. McBride and
.Uibn O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, IMarcus Holmes and David
Glass ; Councilmen, James Durand and John Cousins. Fourth Ward
— Aldermen, Francis Smith and John Griftith ; Councilmen, Jas. H,
Flock and ('has. Priddis. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robert Smith and
Henry Roots; Councilmen, Wm. Doty and Brock Stevens. Sixth
Ward — Aldermen, Ed. GaiTatt and P. Phipps; Councilmen, Wade
Owen and R. F. Matthews. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, P. G. Non-is
and F. E. (Cornish ; Councilmen, T. Partridge, jr,, and M. Macnamara,
For 18.")9 — First Ward — Aldermen, James Aloffatt and J. I. Mac-
kenzie : (.'ouncilmen, ('has. Stead and John Bonser. Second Ward —
Aldermen, S. McBride and Wm. Begg ; ( ,'ouncilmeu, J. K. Brown and
James Gillean. Third Ward — Aldermen, T. H. Buckley and B. A.
Mitcliell; Councilmen, James Reid and David Hughes. Fourth
Ward — Aldermen, W. S. Smith and Jas. H. Flock ; Councilmen, A,
Hamilton and Ariel Tousby. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robert Smith
and Geo. Webster; ('ouncilmen, D. McPherson and Jesse Rapley.
Sixth Ward — Aldermen, Ed. Garratt and P. Phipps ; Councilmen,
Wade Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, F. E.
Cornish and T. Partridge, jr. ; Councilmen, M. Macnamara and Thos.
O'Brien.

For 1861) — First Ward — Aldermen, J. I. Mackenzie and Charles
Stead ; CouTicilmen, B. Wheeler and A. Campbell. Second Ward —
AldermeTi. S. i\IcBride and Wm. Begg ; Councilmen, James Gillean
and Wra. Pope. Third Ward— Aldermen, T. H. Buckley and C. D.
Holmes ; Councilmen, David Hughes and J. J. Spcttigue. Fourth
Ward — Aldermen, Jas. H. Flock and H. Stevenson ; Councilmen, John
Griftith and Alex. Mun-ay. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robt. Smith and
J. W. McGauley ; Councilmen, D. McPherson and J. W. Rapley.

244

mSTOUY OF THB

Sixth Ward — Aldermen, Kd. Garmtt and P. rhi])ps ; Councilnien,
Wade Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, V. K.
Cornish and JohnUoss; Councilmen, T. Partridge, jr, and Thoiiiin
O'Brien.

For IHGl — First Ward — Aldermen, Charles Stead and J. M.
Cousins; Councilmen, B. Wheeler and John Bonser. Second Ward—
Aldermen, Samuel McBride and William Pope ; Councilmen, J. B.
Smyth and Wm. Divinny. Third Wanl — Aldermen, C. I). nolniL's
and Ed. Heathfield ; Councilmen, David Hu<^hes and J. J. Sj)etti<;ut'.
Fourth Ward — Aldermen, Jas, H. Flock and H. Stevenson ; Couiicil-
nien, .lohn Criftith and Alex. Murray. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, 1).
Mcpherson and D. Macfie ; Councilmen, J. W. llapley and S. H.
Oraydon. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, P. Phi])p3 and Thomas PiHil ;
Councilmen, Wade Owen and James Grilliths. Seventh Ward-
Aldermen, P. C Norris and T. Partridge, jr. ; Councilmen, Thomas
O'Brien and 11 Thompson.

For 1862— First Ward— Aldermen, Charles Stead and B. Wheelur;
Councilmen, Wm Johnson and James Deadman. Second Ward-
Aldermen, S. McBride and Wm. Pope; Councilmen, John B. Siiiytii
and Wm. Devinny. Third Ward — Aldermen, C. I). Holmes and .1. .1.
Spettigue ; Councilmen, David Hughes and Walter Nichol. Fourth
Ward — Aldermen, H. Stevenson and John Koss ; Councilmen, A. ^Ic-
Cormick and Alex. Murray. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, D. AlcPhersoii
and D. Macfie ; Councilmen, J. W, Ea]iley and S. H. Graydon. Si.vtli
Ward — Aldermen, P. Phipps and Thomas Peel ; Councilmen, Wade
Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, T. Partriilge, jr.,
and Thomas O'Brien ; Councilmen, Wm. Waud and II. Thomi)soii.

Financial Transactions. — In June, 1843, a number of residents
were summoned for not making a true return, or no return, of rateable
property. Among them were : — Hall, of the 14th llegiment; Joseph
Sheurman, Alex. Gordon, John Nervul, Richard Smith, S. Morrill,
George Pringle, Samuel Crawford, Wm. Roddick, Geo. Thomas, Tlios.
Craig, James Macklin, Wm. IVrcival, A. Newlands, Robert Morrill,
Jerry H. Joyce, Geo. James, Wm. O'Rielly, Henry McCabe, Samuel
Bond, Fiiday Perrin, James Bowen, Charles lirown, Jas. Pendleuiii,
Mr. Bernally, of Royal Engineers ; Chas. Hutchinson, Jas. IMcFaddeii
and James B. Merrii.

During the mont.. of August, 1843, a number of residents were
fined for non-performance of statute labor. Joseph Goodwin had to
pay 21 shillings.

Among a number summoned before the Board to show why they
(lid not ])ay the taxes of 1842-3, was Lieut.-Col. Pritchard, who was
fined 23A slulling,s, and George Washington, o4i shillings. The
amount of collection roll for year ending Jan. 1, 1846, was £lJ54 7s,
of which foo ;!s. Id. are credited to absentees, £34 Is to taxes remit-
ted, and £9 l.js. (id. bad debts, leaving the net amount collected
£555 7s. 5d.

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

245

In NovemlMir, 1848, a note of £450, issued by the ('oimcil, but
iie"()tiati'd by the IJauk of Montreal for individual members of the
Council, fell due. The fimds were so low that the Mayor, with Coun-
cillors Barker, IMmond and Hennett, were deputed to wait on Manager
Hamilton, of the Bank of Ujiper Canada, and borrowed from him a
sum suflicient to meet the debt then due.

In the fall of 184!) two sets of debentures, each for £800, were
authorized to meet drafts due the Hank of Montreal and the Hank of
Upper Canada. On Oct. 15, Councillors Harker and Daniel ])ro]wsed
tij {iledge £20,000 toward the construction of the Great Wtistern Rail-
road. In September, 1850, the subscription was rais(!d to £25,000.

In March, 1850, the sum of £2,000 was borrowed by the town
I'rum the Hank of Montreal ; £1,000 i)ayable in October following and
£1,000 in October, 1851.

The assessment on which taxes were to be collected in July, 1851,
yielded only £2,041 13s. 4d. At this time the Treasurer held £673,
making, with other items, the assets £2,714 l.Ss. 4d. The liabilities
were :— Debt, £2,0(10 ; retiuired for schools, £787 10s ; for salaries, £240;
ibr fire deiiartment, £50 ; and to fire department in lieu of statute
labor, £400, aggregating £3,477 lOs. The deficit was £762 10s. 8d.

In March, 1852, debentures for £360 were authorized, being the
amount of the town's share of expense in the building of lilackfriars
bridge. On March 22 a by-law providing for the issue of debentures
for JE5,0(»0 was passed. This sum was necessary to pay debts and
make necessary improvements.

The debt of London, July 1, 1852, amounted to £7,647 14s. 5d.,
while the assests were only £791. This sura, with Jth of a penny
on the valuation, £2,841 15s. Od., with debentures for seven and ten
year.s, £4,014 19s. 5d., would satisfy the debt. In January, 1852,
delxMitures for £2,000 were authorized.

A review of the debenture debt of London in August, 1853, shows
£5,000 issued in 1852, to consolidate old debts and for building school
house; £5,50(1 for drains on King and Dundas streets; £2,000 for en-
largement of Covent Garden Market ; £2,000 for drains on Richmond,
Dundas and Clarence streets; £900 for Firemen's Hall; £20,000 for
enlargement of Covent Garden Market and erection of Town Hall and
Market House ; £6,500 for drains on York and Richmond streets ;
£25,(I(J0 to Great Western Kailroad Co.; £25,000 to Lonilon & Port
Stanley Railroad ; £2,500 to London Gas (Jo., aggregating £94,400.
The liabilities to June, 1854, amounted to £27,871 Us

The expenditures of the town of London for the vear ending Dec,
1854, were £74,101 I3s. Ud. This included £50,000 paid to the
Port Stanley Railroad Co. The amount required to meet expenses for
1854-5 was £5,881 12s. Ud. This sum included £2,514 interest due
on £41,900 debentures within that period. The ex|'""ses fm' 1855
amounted to £14,831 14.s. Od. For the year 1856, the, ere £38,385
OS. 4d., together with £5,300 paid the county as the award of arbitrators.

246

IIISTOKY OK IIIK

The act of July 1, 1856, eiiii)f)W(M'od tlio city to hnmnv £63,000 to con-
solidate the debt and for otluu' i)ur})ose3. A by-law to ))rovi(le tor tlie
issue of £63,000 debentures was jjassed St^ptoiubiir 16, IS56; tiic
ubject beiu*,' to consolidate the city debt. The words dollars and cents
are made use of for the first titno in the city records of .lanuary 25,
ISo.S. At this time the lireinen asked the Council to grant ^5 to the
fire company first re])orted at a fire.

The ostin'iates for the fiscal year 1S58-9 called for £20,824. The
total liabilities of the city in Auf,nist, 18(10, \V(^re jilaced at £4'.i,ll5l),
and the estimate of ex])enditures for 1861 was i)laced at 81 10,8(j(;.

Tn 18(;."., I). Macfie, chairman of finance committee, reported that
" a loss havinj,' already been sustained this year, owiny to tht; resoiii-
tion come to by this Council to take silver at ])ar, or its face value,
from the market clerk, as well as in payment of taxes : your conunittee
would now recommend this Council not to take silver for or on account
of any debt whatsoever due to the city, at any rate hiijher than tlnit
allowed by the })anks." The estimates for 1864 were $i(2,0O2.

The estimates for expenses during the fiscal year 1866-7 were
placed at 894,760.

The debentures sold in 1872 under the Consolidated Act amounti-d
to SoO.OOO; in 187:!, to 83,500; in 1874, $r>4,600, and, in Is;,'.,
8114,366.74, or a total of 8225,466. 74. Seven per cents, to retire six
])er cents to Church Society due in 1876, were issued for 880,2(i6.<iil;
while 848(),0()8.63 issued to Government under municipal loan, and
8100,000 to the Loudon & Bruce Railroad, aggregated 8891,802,03,
issued from 1872 to -June, 1875. The total debentures to be jirovidud
for in 1876 and 1877 amounted to 8194,or)r».,")0. The interest for two
years reached 8135,786.56,

IWt Stanley Railroad Dealings. — In .lanuary, 1853, Munay
Anderson and .lohn Carling moved that the IMayor call a meelini,' to
consider the question of building a railroad to Port Stanley.

In August, 1853, the town decided to take £25,000 stock in the
London & Port Stanley Railroad Company.

In April, 1856, George G. Magee reported to the Council that the
counties of Middlesex and Elgin having refused to take .stock in the
London & Port Stanley Railroad, the town of St. Thomas refused to
t^ike any active part, and London having invested £93,850 in thi
road, it became a necessity to render further aid, and recommended the
£28,000 in debentures, now ready, together with £5,(J00 in cash, to be
given to the directors.

The London & Port Stanley Railroad was opened October 2, 1856.
£300 were appropriated to celebrate the event and enteilaiu the
American visitors.

On January 27, 1857, a further sum of £30,000 was granted to
the London & Port Stanley Railroad.

In 1857 charges were preferred against the Mayor and Mr. Bow-
man in connection with the London & Port Stanley Railroad, and 8

COUNTY OK MIDUhESEX.

347

U>e

lluit the
_ in the
liised to
in thi
Ided the
111, to be

[i, 1856.
ain the

Uted to

ir. Bow-
Id, aiul a

icsdliition to iiiquiic into tliom jMisscd by tlio Council. Tlio inquiry
was instituted, iind ii coinniittoL', of wliicli I*. N. Nonis was chiiirniun,
rejK)itc'd fully on tlit; subjuct.

Kiulv in l.S.'iS (Jlmrles Hutchinson asked tho Council what amount
would till) city ac(H!|it for its claim on the Port Stanley road. 1*. N.
Norris, of the lluilroad Coniniittuo, replied that the total claims were
£1(;2,S5(», and would lie sold for £1 .")U,(»0(), On February 2."), Mr.
Hutchinson replied that it W(juld be madness for the Gjuncil to seek a
purchaser under the circumsUinces.

A Few Traiinddlons. — Municipal loans were granted under tho
Hi Vict., Cap. 21', as amended by the; 18 Vict., Cap l:!, 18."i4, from the
£l,u()(i,0(tO set apart as the Upper Ci nada Municipal Loan Fund Of
this sum the Town of Loudon took £1I.">,S.")(). In December. lS,"i5, tho
<.;reat arbitration took place between the county and city, in re tlieir
financial relations after the division of Jan. 1. Thomas .Moyle repre-
sented the county ; Wm. IJarker, the city, and Tiiomas Shenstou, of
Woodstock, common justice. They awarded one-fifth of the stock held
in the Tort Stanley and the Great Westiirn Kaih'oiids (.'?2(l,00l)) to
the city, which was transferred .inly .'5, IS")?, iind sold by the city to
liquidate the taxes of that year. In this deal nothiuj,' was said about
interest, and as the stock was issued by the county, the county was
liable for interest on the .*20,'.)00, which by June, ].S,")i), amounted to
a large sum. The case was carried to the courts, and Justice Draper
decided that Middlesex County should pay interest on ^20,000 for 14
years, at the rate uf six i)er cent., although tho new city had the money
in its jiossessiou. It is said Frank Cornish carried this case through :
whether justice was dealt in the atl'air is another question.

The question of aiding railroads, amount of aid, and other questions
relating to the fiuancial and executive history of the city, from 1H.")5
to the close of 1HG2, are referred to under direct headings in this
chapter, while in the history of the county matters, in which London
and Middlesex were concerned, other interesting items find mention.

Appointments. — John Doyle was appointed Clerk of the City and
of the Police and Recorder's Court, at a salary of £200 per anmim, in
1855. Dr. John Wanless and Dr. J. A. Nelles were appointed cor-
onera of the city ; John Brown, city chamberlain ; A. S. Abbott, col-
lector; McBride, inspector of weights and measures; and Samuel
Peters, engineer. In 1858 Mr. Doyle resigned, when A. S. Abbott,
the present clerk, was appointed. In 18.")() F'rancis Smith was appoint-
ed Chief Engineer of Fire Department, with John Craig and A. S.
Abbott assistants. A. S. Abbott was collector. Dr. A. A. Andrews was
appointed medical attendant for the temporary hospital and city, to
which Dr. Moore had attended previously. In December, 1858, the
question of providing an office for City Assessor McG ill was considered.

Council and Transactions, 1S63-S8. — The uames of members
and transactions of the Council from the beginning of 18153 to the close
of 1879 appeared in the 25th anniversary issue of the Aclvetiiser*

*E. A. Hutchinson, writer.

248

HISTOUY OF THE

and to that journal credit is now given for the following review : — " It
must be remembered tliat when this y)lace received its charter of in-
corporation in 1855 it was divided into seven wards, and each ward
was represented by two aldermen and two councillors. All were on
a level in the Council Chambei", but an alderman possessed a few
privileges more than a councillor, such as being a magistrate. In
18()o A. S, Abbott, the present popular city clerk, iield the same
position he does now. John IJrown was chamberlain, and William
Itobinson was city engineer. Frank Cornish was mayor of the city,
and the Council comprised the following gentlemen : — Aldermen —
Chas. Stead, Barnabas Wheeler, Samuel McHride, Wm. Begg, Calvin
1). Holmes, .1. J. Spettigue, John Koss, Hugh Stevenson, Daniel
Macfie, Simy)son H. Graydon, Paul Phipps, Thomas Peel, Tiionias
Partridge and Thomas O'lJrien. Councilmen — Wm. Johnston, James
Dcadman, -John B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, David Hughes, Walter
Nichol, Alex. Murray, Andrew McConnick, Jesse W. Kapley, John
Han'ison, John ("hristie, W Ae Owen, llicliard Thompson and Wm.
Wiiud.

The first imjwrtant step of the Council of 1863 was to draft a
memorial to both Houses of I'arliament, asking f(5r a gi'ant towards
maintaining an enlarged hospital in London. Tiie application did not
then ])rove successful, but in the end it bore good fruit, and secured
LoTidon its present first-class institution. The Council commenced the
year with a s])lurge. One of the first items of business was brought
u]) by Councillor Nichol, who charged an assessor with wrongfully
as,?essing his own pro])erty. In those days jiroperty was assessetl by
the rental, and not by the actual value. Nichol charged that the
assessor jnit in receipts showing the rental of a certain piece of pro-
])erty to be $48, whereas it was actually §(16. The asse.ssor resigned.
There had been serious rumors afloat, even at that early day, about
Chamberlain .fohn P>rown's books, and a special committee was ap-
pointed to investigate them, together with the recorder. They reported
everything all right, although it afterwards turned out tliat there were
.serious shortages at that very time. The Council of IHCt'.i were also
fiist to introduce a fire limits by-law, which prevented the erection of
frame buildings between King and North (now Queen's avenue)
.streets. Tlie s(;nsation of the year, however, was an assault com-
mitted by Mayor Cornisli on Major Bowles, which led to the with-
drawal of the British garrison from London. Rumors were afloat about
Bowles and Mrs. Cornish, and Bowles one night at mess, while full of
wine, boasted that the rumors were true. The statement was almost
immediately conveyed to Cornish, who set out on the war ])ath, iiiul
finding Bowles in the Tecumseh House, publicly thrashed him. The
total expenses for running the city in lS6o were $82,2!)4.67, of which
^57,44ii had to be raised by taxation oidy.

In 1864 Mayor Cornish was re-elected, together with the following
Council : — Aldermen — Charles Stead, Barnabas Wheeler, Samuel Mc-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

249

Bride, James Gillean, J. J. Spettigue, David Hughes, John Ross, Alex.
Munay, Daniel Macfie, Dugald McPherson, Paul Phipps, Thomas Peel,
Thomas Partridge and Thomas O'Jirien. Councilraen — Wm. Johnston,
James Deadman, John B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, Wm. Piatt, John
Tibbs, Hewitt Fysh, James Percival, Jesse W. Rapley, Thomas Brown,
Wade Owen, John Christie, Martin Macnanrara and W. Y. Bruiiton.
Aid. McPherson died within a few days after his election, and the
members of the Council wore mourning for him for one month. Wil-
liam Williams was elected in his stead.

Some idea of the primitive condition of London may be gleaned
from the fact that at this time London had five constables only, each
"getting !?L'50 a year, and the chief who headed this force, received the
munificent sum of S^>"0. Early in 1S()4, on the motion of Mr. Brun-
ton, forty citizens were sworn in to act as special constables at fires,
the regular force being unequal to a task of this magnitude. During
1804- a number of incendiary fires occurred, and the Council offered
!?2i)0 for the cajiture of the " fire bug," but it had no effect. The next
sensation was the shortage of Wm. Oakley, one of the collectors, in his
accounts. Mr. Oakley gave up all his ])roperty, and his sureties, E.
J. Parke and D. M. Thom])son, paid the city's claim. Then the cele-
brated row between the Council and School Board took place. The
School Board asked for Si),000, and the Council allowed them $8,000.
The trustees kicked, but it was no use, so they applied to the Judges
at Toronto to compel the Council to pay them the Sl),000. It was
then towards the end of the year, and before the application was argued
a new Council was elected, who gave up the dispute, paid the $1,000,
and tlu! case drop])ed.

Tlie year 1805 opened in a stormy manner. Frank Cornish and
David Glass were the candidates for mayor. The election was so riot-
ous, that Mr. Glass denuuided a second day's poll and the calling out
of the volunteers to protect his voters. Then on the 3rd of .lauuary,
186;"), London witnessed something she h.is never seen since. Armed
troops surrounded every polling booth in the city. Mr. Glass was
elected on the .second day's polling. Col. Shauly, who commanded the
volunteers, billed the Council for $282.60, and tliere was considerable
row before it was paid, as the majority f)f the aldermen believed there
was no necessity foi' any display of strength. The account was finally
paid under protest. The Council this year comprised the following
gentlemen : — Aldermen — Barnabas Wheeler, Jas M. Cousins, Samuel
Moliridc, John Cami)bell, David Hughes, John Cousins, John Ross,
Ale.x. Murray, Daniel ]\Iacfie, James \N'illiams, Thomas Peel, John
Christie, Thomas Partridge, .sen , Thomas Partridge, jun. Councilmen
— \Vm. Johnston, .lames l)eadman, .lohn B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes,
Jas. Reid, John W. Cryer, Hewitt Fysh, James Percival, J. W. Rai)Iey,
T. lUowne, Wade Owen, S. Screaton, M. ]\racnamara and W. C. L.
Gill. Petitions were by this Council .sent to the Legislature, asking for
a central prison and a military school of instruction here, but they
bore no fruit.

250

HISTORY OF THE

London was overrun with burglars this year, and so bad did they
become, that tlie citj' offtired a reward of 8200 for the ca])ture of any
one of tliera. The pohce were altogotlier tmeciual to the task, and
finally the citizous formed a vigilance committee, and patrolled the
streets every night. In the fall of ISli") the (Irammar and Public
Schools were united, and the Council a])pointed, as its representatives
on the JJoard of Education, Wade Owen and J)r. C. G. Moore.

Iti 1866 David Glass was re-elected Mayor, and the following gen-
tlemen constituted the (Jouncil : — Aldermen — Barnabas Wheeler,
Edward Glackmeyer, Samuel McBride, John Campbell, David Hughes,
John Cousins, Alex. Murray, John Ivoss, Daniel iMacfie, Daniel Lester,
John Christie, Thomas Peel, Thomas Partridge, jr., Thomas Partridge,
sr. Councillors — James Deadman, Emanuel Pavey, John B. Smyth,
Oswald Baynes, James Jleid, John W. Cryer, James Percival, Hewitt
Fysh, Jesse W. Rapley, George Burdett, Wade Owen, Samuel Screaton,
Martin Macnamara and W. ( '. L. Gill.

This was the year that the agitation in favor of city waterworks
first commenced, and the Council early in February apywinted a coni-
inittee to ascertain if i supply could be drawn from Pond Mills.
About this time, too, a dog mania s])rung up and readied such jiropor-
tions that the Mayor i.jsued a proclamation ordering all dogs within
the city limits to be restrained or muzzled. The year 18(36 is memor-
able, also, as that of the Fenian Kaid. The British troops, which had been
withdrawn from here in 1864, were returned in tlie fall of 18i)5 in
anticipation of the raid. The following spring they were sent to the
front, as were also the Seventh Battalion, the London Field Battei'y
and the London Troop of Cavalry. The citizens tit once got into a
panic, alleging that they were left at the mercy of the Fenians. The
Government was petitioned for more regular troops, and, on the advice
of Col. Bruce, the City Council took the initiative in the formation of
the famous " Home Guard." However, the danger drifted past, and on
June 11" the boys " returned from the front and were banqueted l)y
the city at a cost of S357. In the fall of this year Lawrence Lawra-
son was a]ipointed first Police Magistrate of the city of London, at a
salary of 81,250.

In the year 1867 W. Simpson Smith was elected Mayor for a two-
years' term, and the Municipal Act was amended so as to do away
with councillors altogether, three aldermen being returned for eacli
ward. The chosen of the people were : — Barnabas Wheeler, Edward
Glackmeyer, Andrew McCormick, Samuel McBride, John Camjtbell,
John B. Smyth, David Hughes, John Cousins, James Durand, Ale.x.
Murray, Hewitt Fy.sh, Wm. S. Smith, Daniel Lester, Simpson H.
Graydon, Itobert Smith, John Christie, Thomas Peel, Francis Smith,
Thos. Partridge, sr., Thos. Partridge, jr , and James Egan.

James Durand, having been elected an alderman, resigned his i)osi-
tion as chief engineer of the fire brigade, and Samuel Stewart was
appointed in his place. Firewood had become very scarce around the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

251

city nnd had gone tip to some SO or §8 p(!r cord. Charles Hunt and
Thomas Swinyard, directors of the Great Western Raihoad, were pub-
hcly thanked by the Council when they obtained a supply from Both-
well, which greatly redticed the price. This year's Council appointed
as one of the assessors the man who a few years before had been
impeached by an investigating committee for wrongfully assessing his
own jjroperty. In June the Council bought a steam fire engine,
but still contimied the volunteer system. The fire engine was manned
by fifty citizens, each one of whom received the munificent salary of
So jier aimum.

But the gi'eat sensation of 1867 was caused by " Slippery Jack."
Although he never stole anything, he made himself .so dreaded by
entering people's hoases and frightening them, that the Council ollered
•SlOd reward for the ca^jtiu'e of "the midnight marauder or burglar,
known as ' Slippery Jack.'"

Another sensation was caused by a Police Court case in which
the Council took a hand. It seems that an officer of the garrison
named Cajit. Hugh-sou hired a carpenter to do some work. The
caryienter finished the work, and called at the Captain's front door
witli the bill. The Cajitain said he wasn't used to having mechanics
present their bills to him at the front door, and kicked tlie carpenter
out, and .slammed the door after him. Hughson was summoned, but
the Police Magistrate let him off on the ground of ignorance of the
by-law. Aid. Hughes appealed the case to the Recorder's Court, and
the City Council guaranteed the costs. The city, as usual, was beaten
in the end.

In 1868 ouly one Alderman from each ward retired, the others
remaining in office for two or three years respectively, according to the
act. Andrew McCormick retired in No. 1 Ward, and was re-elected ;
John Campbell in No. 2, and he was also re-elected ; in No. M, Aid.
Cousins retired, and was replaced by Wm. Farris ; in N(j. 4, Alex.
Murray was re-elected ; in No. 5, Murray Anderson replaced Daniel
Lester, and in No. 6 John Christie, and in No. 7 Aid. Egan were both
re-elected.

A re])ort to the Council .showed that the earnings of the
London & Port Stanley Railroad fur 1867, had been S-12,75'.l.91,
against S3'.t,l08.2r) ; increase for tlie year, S.">,6ril.66. The total
liabilities against the company in 1868 were .?n'.l6,800. This was the
time the (piestion of handing the Port Stanley over to the Great
Western Railway was fir.st mooted. Aid. F. Smith resigned in March,
and George .Macbeth was elected in his stead. About this time, too,
the ])eo])le began fo ask for a jKuk, and a committee to select a site
was api)ointwl, with Aid. Egaii as chairman. The site they picked
out was the ])ro])erty boundetl by IMccadilly street on the north, Car-
ling's Creek on the .south, the Sarnia Road fRichinond stre(!t) on the
west, and Wellington street on the east. The absuuiity of this site
for a public park is ap[iarent now to everyone. The city then was

252

HISTORY OF THE

one-third smaller than at present, and that property was much nion;
out of the way in 1868 than even now. The recommendation is per-
haps explained when it is stated that most of the Land to be bought
was designed for park purposes. However, the Council of 1868 were
pretty independent, and rejected the committee's report. Further than
that, when it was tried to get a bill through the Legislature to
sell the Port Stanley to the Great Western Railway, they sent a depu-
tation down to the House, and succeeded in defeating the bill. The
only other event of importance this year was the final withdrawal of
regular troops from London.

In the year 1869, all the old members of the Council whose turn
it was to retire, were re-elected as follows : — Barnabas Wheeler, John
B. Smyth, Walter Nichol, Hewitt Fysh, Simpson H. Graydon, George
Macbeth and Thomas Partridg jCn. The Council selected John
Christie as Mayor, but in about a month he got tired of the office and
resigned. Mr. S. H. Graydon was elected by the Council to fill the
vacancy. It was in 1868 the Western Fair Board was organized, and
in 1869 the City Council voted $2,000 towards the erection of suitable
buildings. The citizens also res])onded liberally, but all the ('ounty
Council would give was S500. Miss Eye visited London in the sum-
mer, and was entertained as the guest of the corporation. On the l;)t,li
of September His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, His Excellency the
Governor- General, and some other distingui.shed " nabobs " came to
London, and were rapturously received. The Council on the occasion
voted $200 for a procession of the fire brigade and fireworks. Col. J.
B. Askin died in this year, and the Council passed a resolution of
regret at the occurrence.

By far the most important matter, however, that came before tlu;
people in 1869, was the railway agitation. J. G. Thompson apjilicd
for a charter for Thom])Son's air line through Southern Ontario, while
the Great Westei'n applied for another charter for the Canada air lino.
The Council of London decided to oppose both ; but a ])ublic meeting
of citizens declared they would take the least of two evils, and decided
to oppose the Canada air line, and let the other go through. Hon.
John (Jarling, however, with his usual deep interest in public improve-
ments, ignored both resolutions and supported the (Janada air line,
and opposed Thom])son's. Both charters went through the House,
though, and as a result the County of Elgin has the roads to-day. The
lot for the present city registry office was purchased from D. Glass.

In 1870 the first matter recorded in the Council minutes is the
decision of the Council to attend the funeral of the late Hon. G. J.
Goodhue in a body on the 13th of January. The elections this year
resulted in the return of James M. Cousins, Samuel McBride, David
Hughes, Henry B. Strong, Jesse W. Rapley, Thos. Peel and Thomas
Partridge, jr. Mr. S. H. Graydon was re-'jlected Mayor, It turned
out that Mr. Rapley wasn't properly qualified, and he resigned.
Daniel Lester was elected in his stead.

COUNTY OF MIDUhESKX.

253

Fuel became so scarce that the London & Port Stanley Kailroad
drew it into the city and sold it by the cord at cost. No citizen could
net more than a cord at a time, and as a result the price of fuel fell 25
per cent., and the Council publicly thanked the directors for their
consideration. Trouble broke out in the Phoenix J'ire Company, and
charges were made against its chief. They were not sustained, and as
a result the committee decided to disband the company and reorganize
it. No less than two aldermen died this year, viz., Aid. Strong and
Aid. Macbeth, the latter very suddenly. Thos. McCorniick replaced
the first-named in No. 4 Ward, and John Williams the latter in No.
(3. Aid. Egan made another attenqit to get the park located north of
(Ireat Market street, but failed. Aid. Campbell, however, got a com-
mittee api)ointed to negotiate for the present site of Victoria Park. In
1870, too, the construction of the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad
was first mooted.

In 1871 there was another change in the mode of election, and
in.stuad of one of the three aldermen from each ward retiring each year,
all went out of office. The new ( 'ouncil comprised James M. Cousin.s,
Andrew McCormick, Duncan C. M.acdonald, John B. Smyth, John
C!ami)bell, Joseph Jeflery, Francis E. Cornish, William Starr, John
Woods, Hewitt Fysh. Thomas McUormick, Samuel Barker, Simpson H.
Graydon, Jesse W. Eajjley, Benj. Shaw, John Christie, Thomas Peel,
John Williams, Thos. Partridge, jr., Tho.s. Partridge, sr., and Jas. Egan.
Aid. J. M. Cousins was elected Mayor by the Council. By a vote of
the ])eople 8100,000 bonus was given towards the construction of the
London, Huron & Bruce Eailroad. The Council had this year to pass
ii resolution of regret at the death of Simeon jMorrill, first Mayor of
the town of London. A bubble which burst in London at this time
was the Charing Cross Hotel. It was to be an immense sanitarium
near the Forks, at the Sulphur Springs. Its projector, Mr. Duinuitt,
invited the Council to attend the corner-stone laying, and fixed a date.
The corner-stone was laid, but afterwards the ])roject fell through. It
was in this year that the Council let the London & Port Stanley Kail-
road practically pass into the hands of the Great Western. Among
otlier transactions in connection with this deal was the transference
of S70,000 worth of London & Port Stanley Itailroad bonds to W. P.
R. Street for S.'),500. The late Bishop Cronyn died on the 22nd of
September, and the Council suitably honored his memory.

In 1872 the election returns placed the following gentlemen in
office: — James M. Cousins, Duncan C. Macdonald, James Mod'at,
John B. Smyth, John Campbell, Samuel McBride, Wm. Starr, John
Woods, Arch. McPhail, Hewitt Fysh, Samuel Barker, Alex. Murray,
Simpson H. Graydon, Benj. Shaw, Jesse W. Rapley, John Christie,
John Williams, Benjamin Cronyn, Thos. Partridge, jr., Thos. Partridge,
sr., and James Egan. Aid, Campbell was elected Mayor by the
Council.

The first piece of business was a strong resolution brought in by

264

HISTOKY OF THE

Aid. Mofl'at and Smith, coiidomning all who had anything to do witli
the sale of the bonds to Mr. Street, and jiroposing legal y)roceediiigs
to recover them. The resolution did not pass. It was in this year
and in consequence of this deal that the Council introduced the system
of holding secret meetings, a practice which lasted until ))ublic opinion
became so strong it had to be abolished. But by far the most stfirtling
event that occurred in this city in 1 872 was the abduction of Dr. li.
Bratton, a Confederate refugee. He was wanted in the States, and an
American detective located him in London. He obtained the aid of a
citizen and seized the doctor one night while on his way home, gagged
him, had a cab ready and drove with him to the station, took a train
there and soon had the unfortunate refugee on American soil, passing
him oil' on the way as a lunatic who needed restraint. The city Coun-
cil at once held an indignation meeting on hearing of the case, and
ordered the JNlayur to lay the matter before the Crown. This was
done, with the result that liratton was returned to British territory,
and the parties in Canada who had a hand in the abduction punished,
one getting a couj)le of years' imprisonment. The latter is now a resi-
dent of Essex county, while the other still resides in London. The
Council minutes of this year contained a resolution of regret at the
death of Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald. Lord IJufferin, Governor-
General, visited London in the fall of the year, during the Western
Fair, and vast crowds came from all jiarts of Western Ontario to see
him. Ex-Mayor ALarcns Holmes died in the fall of 1872, and the
Council paid due respect to his memory.

In 1873 the Council comprised J. M. Cousins, D. C. Macdonald, J.
B. Smyth, S. McBride, Arch. ]\IcPhail, L. C. Leonard, Thomas Browne,
James Motliatt, Jesse W. l!a])ley, John Christie, John William.s, Benj.
Cronyn, Thos. I'atridge, jun., S. H. Graydon, Andrew Mc( 'ormick, V>.
Shaw, James Egan, John Beattie, Alex. Murray, Thos. Partridge, sen.,
and Wm. Starr. Andrew McCormick was elected Mayor. A motion
by Aid. Macdonald, seconded by Aid. Smyth, asking the Legislature to
amend the law so as to elect .Mayors of cities by direct vote of the
people, carried, find Ijore good fruit.

Nothing of importance occurred municipally during the year,
except some trouble in the fire department, which resulted in the
resignation of D. Bruce and the suspension of Chief Wastie, who was,
however, soon after reinstated.

In 1874 the Mayor was elected by a direct vote of the people, and
Mr. B. Cronyn was the successful man. The (Jouncil was composed
of D. C. ]\Iacdonald, Col. ]\IoH'att. 11. I'ritchard. John Beattie, , lames
Cowan, T. E. Kingsmill, Wm. Starr, Arch. McPhail, Wm. Earris,
Alex. ]\Iurray, L. C. Leonard, C. W. Andrus, Jesse W. Ilapley, Geo.
G. Magee, John Kearns, John Christie, John Williams, Col. Lewis,
Thomas Partridge, sen., Thomas I'atridge, jun., and J. II. Peel. This
year the city succeeded in o])taining the Ordnance lands and old
buildings thereon from the Government by deeds. Some excitement

COUNTY OF MinOLESKX.

2r,5

year,
111 the
10 was,

le, and
niposod
■lames
Favris,
', Geo.
Lewis,

I. This
nd old
I

■was causod in 'luly, 1H74, by anotlier row in the fire brigade, in which
.some of the Ald(!rnien took a hand During August, Lord and Lady
])iil1erin i)aid a flying visit to the city, lasting simply over night, and
the cost of entertaining them amounted to Sl,3'.>r).50.

Ill 187") Mayor Croiiyn was re-elected, and the Council consisted of
Aldermen I'ritchard, Smyth, Macdonald, James Cowan, A. B. Powell,
.riiillips, Starr, Fan-is, TiConard, lliscox, Abbott, Bunn, Browne, Rapley,
Williams, Lewis, Egan, Partridge, jr.. Partridge, .sr., and Christie.

The erection of iron bridges around the city was commenced this
year, Blackfriars being the first. In the early ])art of February John
I'lirrell died, and the ( 'ouncil passed a suitable motion of condolence.
Ill 187") th(! fire brigade was put on a regular jiermanent basis, Thos.
Wa.stie being a))poiiited chief, "to devote his whole time to the city's
service," at a salary of SHOO per tmnura. Aid. Farris died in July, and
Aid. Dunbar was elected to the vacancy. The City Hospital was
completed in 187r)and opened by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Pro-
vince. What will seem strange to the average citizen now, several
?iiotions to sell Victoria Park oil' in building lots were actually made
in the Council, but defeated. A vote for a water-works .system resulted
in the defeat of the by-law this year.

In 187() D. C. Macdonald was elected Mayor, with the following
Council . — Aldermen Pritchard, Sutherland, Fitzgerald, Thompson,
McPhail, Skinner, Hiscox, Ross, Hender,';on, Minhinnick, Rapley,
I'rowiie, Christie, Williams, Lewis, McColl, Partridge, sr., Partridge,
jr., .loiies, Campbell and Murray.

The amalgamation of the Great Western Railroad and London,
Huron & Bruce Railroad took place by act of Parliament. In the
year 187<) the Crooks Act came before the Legislature, and when the
City (,'ouncil proposed to raise the license fees there was a great scene
in the Council Chamber. On one hand the licensed victuallers were
present, and on the other hundreds of ladies, clergymen and temper-
ance i)eoi)le. John Carling and others spoke in the li(iuor interest,
and Rev. R. W. Wallace, Rev. Mr. Murray, Rev. James Graham, Dr.
Oronhyatekha and Rev. J. Rice for temperance. Temperance carried
the day, or rather the Council, by one vote 11 to 10.

In 1877 Robert Pritchard was selected by the people as Mayor, and
the following aldermen were elected : — Messrs. Sutherland, Gray,
Campbell, Fitzgerald, Thompson, Murray, Jones, Skinner, Regan,
McNal), Hiscox, Minhinnick, Browne, Rapley, Christie, Williams, Boyd,
Egan, Partridge, jiin., and Partridge, sen. This year the Council pro-
vided the necessary funds for the erection of the High School building,
which is now the Collegiate Institute

The year 1877 also saw the memorial " rumpus " on the police
force, which resulted in the resignation of Chief Wigmore. A by-law
for the construction of the ])resent waterworks, at a cost of S;;}25,00(),
was submitted to the people on Dec. 14, and carried.

In 1878 Col. Lewis was returned as Mayor, together with Aid.
17

256

HISTORY OF THE

Campbell, Smyth, Tliom]).son, Muiiiiv, Powell, Ilo<,'an, Skiiinm-, Stviiitrcr,
McNab, Kddlostdii, Kneiileysidi', (Uass, lia])ley, Browne, Christie, Wil-
liams, Vining, Kgaii, Thos. I'eel and J. K. Peel. On the minutes of
the second meeting of this year is n^oonled the following : — " Aid.
Thompson gave; notice that he would move at the next meeting, that in
order to elevate the standard of this ( 'ouncil, the ]>roceedings be ojjencd
in future with jirayer, and that ex-Monk Widdows be engaged as;
c;hai)lain for the Poard, and that the Salaries Committee be reiiuestod
to report the amount to be paid for his s])iritual services, etc." Tlie
late K. W. Hyman, one of London's fir.st Water Commissioners, died on
the 12th of April of this year, and the Council held a sjiecial meetinj,'
to pa.ss a resolution of regret, and attended his funeral in a body.

In 1871' Col. Lewis was re-electcnl Mayor. The aldermen were
Robt. Pritchard, John Cami)l)ell, James Muirhead, W. W. Fitzgerald,
A. 1). I'owell, A. K. Thom]).son, Wm. Skinner, Samuel Stringer, Cliurles
Taylor, Geo. Eddleston, B. W. Greer, Geo. T. Hiseox, -lames Ar'ell,
Graham Glass, Geo. Gray, Wm. Scarrow, John Williams, John Boyd,
.1. 1». Peel, James Egan and John l>aynor. Water (Jommissioners —
Hon. John Carling and J. R. Minhinnick. Ex-Mayor William Siniji-
son Smith died in June of this year, and the Council attended the
funeral. In September, I87'.>, the Manjuis of Lome and Princess
Louise visited London, and it cost the city SI, 244 to entertain them.

In 1880 Alderman Camjjbell was elected Mayor, being oi)posed l)y
Minhiimick. liaynor and Lewis, Water Commissioners. 11. Pritchard,
E. Meredith and James Muirhead, Aldermen of the First Wanl ;
K. S. MuiTay, A. K. Thom])son and James Cowan, of the Second; ('.
Taylor, J. W. Jones and Wra. Skinner, of the Third ; \V. Milroy, Geo.
T. Hiseox and W. H. Hooks, of the Fourth ; N. Wilson, T. Browne
and Graham Glass, of the Fifth ; W. Scarrow, J. Boyd and W. D.
Buckle, of the Sixth ; and Thomas Peel, J. D. Sharman and Win.
Wyatt, of the Seventh Ward. Thomas Carling died in February, iind
the Council passed a resolution of condolence and attended the funeral
in a body. It was decided by the people, with 9'.\ maj(jrity, to sell tiie
Exhibition Grounds ; but the Council subsequently backed down ami
didn't carry out the peojile's wishes. The laying of cedar block pave-
ment was commenced this year.

In 1881 the municipal elections resulted in the choice of J. Camp-
bell for Mayor, his vote being 1.413, while Mr. Lewis received 1,095.
James Muirhead and A. B. Powell were elected Water Conmiissioners.
1,301 votes were recorded for the sale of the Exhibition Grounds and
1,435 for the sale of Salter's Grove. The Aldermen elected were
Robert Pritchard, John B. Smyth and James H. Wilson, First Waiil;
Stephen O'Meara, James Cowan and Robert S. Murray, Second A\'iivd ;
John W. Jones, Francis Love and Samuel Stringer, Third Ward ; Geo.
T. Hiseox, Benj, Higgins and Wm. Milroy, Fourth Ward ; Lewis
Adams, Thomas Browne and Graham Glass, Fifth Ward ; John l^oyd,
Wm. D. Buckle and Wm. Scarrow, Sixth Ward; Thos. Partridge, jr.,
J. D. Sharman and Wm. Wyatt, Seventh Ward.

COUMY UK MIDDLEbKX.

257

i; ^"

Geo.
I'owiie
W. D.

Will,
■y, and
funeral
sell the
wu ami

pave-

Camp-
d 1,095.
sioiiers.
nils and
tl were
tWai'd;
1 Ward;
d; Geo.
Lewis
111 l'>oyd.
Ivkl'-e,.)!'-

In 1882 Edmund Meredith was elected Mayor ; G.S. liirrell, C. B.
Hunt anil K. Pritcliard, Aldermen for First Ward ; C. S. Hyman, R. S.
Murniy and O'Meara, Second Ward; J.W.Jones, W. Skinner and
(.'. Taylor, Third Ward ; Thomas Beattie, John Ferguson and B. Hig-
{jiiis, Fourth Ward; T. Browne, S. Crawford and J. H. Minhinnick,
Fifth Ward ; John Boyd, W. 1). F.uckle and Talbot Macbeth, Sixth
Ward ; Harry lU'cher, thoiiias re(;l and J. 1). Sharman, Seventh Ward.

John IJrown, born in Ireland in 1 807, .settled at London in 1S8'J;
sulmeiiueiitly kei)t store at St. Thomas ; returned to London, and in
1835 was ri member of St. John's Lodge, A. F. & A. M. In \H')2 he
was appointed City Treasurer, and for thirty years filled that jiosition,
until death called him in 1882.

In 188.'^ a few changes were made in ward representatives, but the
Mayor retained his oflice.

In 1883 Messrs. Birrell, Labatt, Hunt, Hyman, O'Meara, Cowan,
Skinner, Stringer, Browne, Boyd, liecher and Moore formed the
Council.

In 1884 the city elections resulted in tiie choice of (J. S. Hyman for
Mayor by (120 majority. J. M. Cousins and John Kayiior were elected
Water Commissioners. The Aldermen for Ward I were re-elected ;
Messrs. O'Meara, Cowan and Beattie were elected in the Second ; in
the Third Ward Thomas C. Hewitt replaced Browne ; in the Fourth J.
S. Niven and W. Scarrow re])laced Boyd and Moore. H. Becher
lieaded the poll. At this time the by-law establishing a free library
was adopted.

In 1885 Henry Becher M'as cdected Mayor, receiving 1,755 votes,
while his opponent (Hi.scox) received 1,1()4. .Messrs. HiiTell, Hewitt
and li'aynor, candidates for Water Commissioners, received 1.771,
l,ti:>;'. and 1,456 votes respectively. The Aldermen who received the
highest number of votes were George Watson, H. ( ". Green and Chas.
Taylor, First Ward ; Stejilien O'Meara, Jas. Cowan and C. A. Iviugston,
Second Ward ; Samuel Stringer, Joseph Hook and Thomas Browne,
Third Ward; W. Scarrow, T.I). Hodgens and John (Christie, Fourth
Ward. The by-law to abolish the office of Water Commissioners was
voted down: 407 for; l,0(i9 against. Tlie Viy-law for sale of the Fair
Grounds was carried : for, 1,729; again,st, 1,114.

In 188IJ the city elections resulted as follows: — Mayor, T. D.
Hodgens (1,()4.S), AV. Scarrow (1,375) and James Cowan (6:!0); Water
Coiiimis.sioners, Hewitt (1,977), Birrell (1,955) and Cousins (1,899).
The Aldermen elected were : — For Ward 1 , George C. I )avis, George
Watson and Charles Taylor; Ward 2, S. O'Meara, Alex. McDonald
and Charles A, Kingston ; Ward M, S. Stringer, Joseph Hook and Thos.
Browne ; Ward 4, M. D. Dawson, Joshua Gairett and John Boyd ;
Ward 5, George Heaman, J. W. Bartlett and John Nutkins.

In 1887 James tJowan was chosen Mayor, defeating W. Scarrow
by 1)02 votes, the figures being 2,270 and 1,308 respectively; Messrs.
Hiscox, Muirhead and Cowan were elected Water Commissioners;

258

IIISTOKY OK TIIK

wliilc tlic liy-Iiiw, thrill it ill",' a loan ol' !?7"',UU() to the Southeiisti'i'ii Iliiil-
I'oad ('oiiijiiiny, was carried— lor, l,'.!.")?, contra, :>L",> ; majority, 1,G2S.
The aldermen re-elected were 13avis, ('. Taylor, McDonald, Strin}»i.'i',
Hook and Heaman ; the new members were .larvis, Greer, Moule,
Bowman, Moore, Vininj,', (ivu. Taylor, Dreaney and Mcintosh.

In IHHH the Council comprised Wm. Wyatt, John Heaman, Tims.
Connor, Sti^jihen O'Meara, John Callard, John Moule, \V. H. Winuetl,
Wm. Skinner, Wm. Jones, (<eo. Taylor, J. B. Vininu;, Henry Dream y,
N. r. Graydon and (ieo. Heaman.

The last eight years of municipal life (188J-H) are well known to
almost everyone in the city. There was the discovery of John Brown's
defalcations and his sad death ; the reduction in the nund)er of wards
with fewer iddermen; the amalgamation of the City and London East;
Hodgen.s's famous tooth-powder charges in connection with the City
Hospital; the advent of the Canadian I'acific liailroad and ]Micliig;iii
Central liailroail into the city; the lighting of the streets by electricity ;
the sale of the old fair grounds ; the erection of fair buildings on
Queen's Bark ; the purchase of part of Carling's farm ; and the sal(^ of
the Ordnance lands. All these events and many others <ire faniiiiar to
the reader, and it is unnecessary to rehash them. The followiuL; gontli;-
men have tilled the chief magistrate's chair during that period : —
1880-1, John Campbell; 1882-:'., Ed. Meredith; 1884, C. S. Hvmaii ;
1S85, Henry Becher; 1880, T. D. Hodgens ; 1887-8, James Cowan.

Thomas Scatcherd, Ixirn at Wyton, Nissoiu'i, in 1821, was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1841), and served the city as solicitor from 1841'
to the period of his death at Ottawa, April 1."), 187(i. In 18(11 he was
chosen to represent West Middlesex in the old Parliament ; in 1S(17
was elected for North Middlesex ; in 1872 re-elected, thus spendins,'
fifteen years in ])arliamentary life.

The ap]iointment of W. li. Meredith, City Solicitor, vice Scatclierd,
deceased, was made April 26, 187(>.

A by-law appointing Mayor Cowan, E. Pritchard and A. I>. Powell
as the City of London Trust, was passed Aug. 2'.», 1888.

Fire Deparfvwnt. — The Vohinteer Fin; Brigade dates its organiza-
tion back to 1842. It was originated by Simoon .M(aTill, George .1.
(ioodhue and High Constable Groves. They succeeded in having n
by-law jjassed by the Di.strict Council of which William Balkwiil
was president, compelling every householder to kee]i a fire bucket
made of leather, painted black, and hung in a convenient jilace in
each house. Cowhide dii)])ers, as they were called at that time, were
inspected regularly by Caiit. Groves, who was for many years at the
head of the fire organization. It was a funny sjiectacle to see eacli
man with a bucket running to a fire, and then fonu in line at sdine
well, passing the buckets along the line, up ladders, to the tire ; but,
ludicrous as it was, good work was often done, and valuable projierty
saved by these pioneers.

lu the year 1844 G. J. Goodhixe purchased an engine which wiis

COUNTY OF MHIKLKSKX

25t>

simply a sfirdeii spr'iikler. The arrival of this wonderful piece of
niachinory was the occasion of the first coini)any being organized, hy
Cii)it. (ivnves. They ran this little tub with a company of old citizens,
aiitl did good work with it until the occasion of the great fire of Ajn-il
1 1 , 1845, when, after a minute's work, it was abandoned, and disapjjearcd
in a general ruin. The conii)any purchased two I'erry hand engines
from a Montreal house, which tliey used for some time. Their first
stciamer was purcha.sed in ISiiT. U])on tlui organization of I'haMiix Com-
])any, S. Mcliride was the first ca])tain ; Kdmund Heltz, first lieutenant,
and D. S. Perriii, second lieutenant. This company was com])o.s('il
principally of young men M'ho were very active and took a delight in
sports, and would often go over into the States to a firemen's tourna-
iiient, frequently winning first prizes, and was counted the best depart-
nuMit in existence at that time. The comi)any who got to the fire first
were awarded ])rizes against other companies in tlui city ; and it was
very laughable, as well as exciting, to see them getting to a fire, and
was often dangerous. John Kolfe was Captain of No. 4, Kescue, hook
and bucket company. From the start of this company, the name was
cluinged s<!veral times. ( 'onipany No. o, called " JJising Sun," was
organized some time after, with Daniel Lester, captain.

In iSO;> the department was made u]) as follows: — Chief EnginetM',
.Ino. Hunter; assistant, Chas. Cater; second assistant, Jno. McDowell.
Phcvnix No. 2 — 6(1 men — Daniel Perrin, captain ; Donald McDonald,
first lieutenant ; Geo. Wheeler, second lieutenant ; James Findlater,
third lieutenant ; Wm. Loughrey, rejiresentative. ikCscue No. 4 — (iO
men — .lolm Gilwon, captain ; John Cavanagh, first lieutenant; Tims.
Langan, second lieutenant ; Timothy Flinn and John Slieaii, repre-
sentatives. Hook and Ladder Comjiany — 40 men — Wm. Abraham,
captain; S. Gilison, fir,st lieutenant; Wm. Bradshaw, second lieu-
tenant ; J. P. O'Pyrne and Wm. Graham, repr(\sentatives. Many of
London's leading busin(!ss mem at jiresent were at one time volunteer
firemen of this city. Geo. Taylor, Samuel McBride, James Durand,
Sanuiel Stewart, Ed. Beltz, A. S. Abbott, Geo. Jackson, Eichard Wig-
more, A. Grant, and many others were on the volunteer fire brigade in
old days. In December, 1872, a Babcock fire extinguisher was intro-
duced, and with this new departure a motion to abolish the volunteer
fire d{>iiartment, and create a regularly ]iaid fire brigade, was made. As
the city grew, a volunteer brigade with hand reels could not protect it ;
and in 1S67 the Phoenix steam engine was purcha.sed. The volnnteia-
system, however, continued in force until 1S73. Thomas Wastie,
chief for some time previous to that, instituted the permanent system,
and was the first chief of the paid department.

Prcmnt Depmivunt. — The fire department of to-day dates back
to Ajnil 1, 1873, when Thomas Wastie was appointed Chief. Two
pennanent men beside the chief were only appointed at first in 1 87."),
viz., Oliver Richardson, driver, and David Bruce, engineer. There
were fourteen call men appointed, at SlOO each. They were James

260

HlSTDIiV OK THK

Fiiitllatcr, .Inlm V. Doyli*, 11. Womuicolt, Patrick (lli'usoii, Thomas
lliclianlsoii, (K'k. Till, DiUiiel Sullivaii (killoil slmrtly iil'lur wards in an
iiccideiit at Hytuan's tannery), Harry Boyd, .lohn MaiMivor, .loscjili
lieevi's, Harry I'ratt, .lolni lioe, Alex. Harvey and Uidiard McHridi'.
Dnrini; tlie yt-ar I87"» tliori; wero I'M fins alarnl^^, btnn^' .SO over 1874.
107 tires were attrilmtt'd to inoondiariivs, and ill fires to otlior ('au.ses.
On tlnt'o occasions there wore two tiros ra^iiii,' at the same time. TIik
most danjienms was lliat of June I J, IHT"), on Maitland stnnit. Dur-
ii)j,'tho year IS l)ricl< linildiii;:;.", wen; on fire, ont! I lein;; totally destroyed;
liT wooden Imiidin^s were totally destroyed, and 04 jiartially dci.stroyed.
The deiiartnient was made np of JO men. in LS7."i the fire alarm
system was jiut in, and ui I S79 the introdnntion of the waterworks
did away with tiie old I'luenix .stciiiner, which was sold to Middle-
brook, Ont., in ISiSil. No H stc-ain enj^ine was [(in'<;liased in 1873, tim
same make as first steanutr, beinj,' a doiibl(! pnmp and cylinder. This
enyine was sold to IVtrulea.

The reconl of fires from 1877 to .Inly I, JSSS, is as follows:

1S77 .'.li ISSO .50 IHS.! 77 ISSti 7r>

187s ;-.2 1881 . 91 1881 71 1H87 !W

187(» r.(i 1882 70 188.". 7:3 1888 3;i

At the jtresent time, with fourteen |)ermaneiit and six call men, tliu
bri<j;ade nevca- was in a more ellicient condition. The following' is the
personnel of the department as at jMesent con.stituted : — Chief, John
A. lloe ; Departmental Foreman, A. Mc.Murchy ; Klectrician, <J. E. I).
Crawford.

The force at Central Fire Station comprises: — Station Foreman,
John Aikins; Drivers, George Cray and .lames Gleeson ; Fininieii,
Oliver liichardson, J. D. Itiddell, Thomas Aikin and Samuel Nirtluy ;
Call ^Jen, 1'. C, Gleeson, li. Wonnacott, .lo.seph Reeves, Michael
Gleeson, Harry C. Smith and Michael Douohue

Station No. 2 compri.ses: — Station Foreman, .1. D. Findlater;
Driver, Arch. Nicholson ; Firemen, Arch. Mohr and .fohn Swan wick.
Chief Roe has been at the head of the force for about six or seven
years, succeeding VVastie, who went to the North-west.

TvaiwactioihH of Council with Departimud. — In -Tune, 1S4.">, Caji
tain Till and other members of the fire dei)artment resigned, wiieii il
was ordered that the key of the engine-house, together with all ajipiiri-
tus belimging to the engine, trumj)ets, buckets, etc., etc., be exaniiiuid
by Thomas Frazer, and jilaced ki possession of the village clerk. By-
law No. 50, i)ass{Hl innuediately following the resignation of the lire
company, ja'ovided that nt>t moi'e than six pounds of gunpowder sluill
be kejtt in any store or dwelling, and that not more than thirty pounds
shall be kept m any out-building near such dwelling-house o" stove.
In July, Alex. Lowrie was summoned for making a fire on Talbot
street, and had to pay nine shillings and ninepence for violation of In-
law. Henry Groves was chosen Captain of the fire dei)artment, August
23. He was ordered to procure some necessaries for the company, but

COUNTV OF MIDDLKSEX.

261

iinthiiiK over tho value of five shillings without a spocial instruction
fidiii till! lioanl. Till) tliiL'ct i)ay was twuiity-five shillings to the corn-
iiiiiiy for every fire, chitnneys excei)te(l. The constable reported £4-
I Is. ."xl. received from ex-fire-('a])tain Till. John Gray received a box
(it lucifer matches Sei)tember 9, and on th(( same day the village Hoard
okIltimI '• that the box bo removed to some distant out-house, as the
Hoiinl considered the same unsafe to be kept in a store." Very string-
ent laws were ado))ted about this time to provide against fire. Thorap-
,s(Hi Wilson, barrack-master was charged by the Ins])ector of London,
with allowing the chimney in the brick barracks to catch fire ; but the
case was dismissed by the Police Hoard. Another item going to show
tli(! existing fear of fire, is by-law oo, which ])rovided " that any per-
sons who may open any of the })ublic tanks or draw water therefrom,
except in case of fire, should be fined not less than five shillings,"
Anthony Gale was fined five shillings for allowing his chimney to take
tire in December, 1S43. William Marshall was appointed town chim-
ney swoi:per, and Inspector Whittimore was instructed to see that every
house and shop had its share of fire buckets in 1H44. Fire had tiiken
such a hold of the public mind, that a large meeting was held to organ-
ize a hook and ladder company. The Hoard, agreeable to the opinion
of the people, sanctioned this organization and appointed Samuel H.
I'ark, captain ; Patrick McLaughlan, first lieutenant ; Alex. Lowrie,
second li(!utenant ; and Alex. S. Armstrong, secretary. In February,
summary proceedings were taken against John Burke, for refusing to
aitl in extinguishing a fire.

In January, 1845, the fire engine was taken to Peter McCann's
house, he agreeing to keep it sjvfe at ten .shillings per month. John
Birrell was aUowed £35 (Is. 4d. for laying new sidewalk on Dundas
street, the former walk Ixiing destroyed by the fire of October, 1844.

August 31, 1846, a fire engine was ordered from James McKenny,
(Quebec, and the same to be paid for by a check on the Hoard at one
year, with interest. In September, new tanks were erected at the
corners of Talbot and Richmond streets and Dundas.

In April, 1847, E. P. Ellis, treasurer of the Fire Company, pre-
sented an account of £13 os. Od. Peter McCann, first lieutenant of
Five Company, also i>resented his account. In August, John Gurab
was ordereil to deliver 30,()0U brick at £1 per thousand, for the purpose
of building an engine house.

A 70(i-pound bell, the same exhibited at the Hutl'alo, N. Y. fair,
was ordered from A. Good at 12 cents ])er pound, S14 for the yoke,
and §5 for the wheel. In (October, 1848, this was the first and long-
looked for fire-bell of London, a trumpet being its predecessor for
alarm puri)oses.

The Council ])assed a by-law forbidding the erection of wooden
buildings where old buildings were burned, June 16, 1849. On Jan.
-1, lU'unett's resolution to form a Town Protective Society, to take
charge of all goods in case of fire, was carried. In March a by-law for

262

HISTORY OF THE

Jtl!

the govemnient of the Fire Department was passed. In December it
providec' for tlie employment of a cliief engineer, first and second
assistant engineers, a cajjtain for eacli engine, hook and ladder, linst;
and pro])erty ])rotection comj)any, one first and second lieutenant, oiu;
secretary and one treasurer. 1"he engine comjiany was limited to sixty
members, and the other companies to forty members, Win, Goodwin
was secretary. The nomination of Simeon Morrill chief, and I'etor
McCann and John Plummer assistants, was confirmed.

In May, \S')U, a sum of £250 was granted t purchase a fire
engine capable of throwing water fifty feet high.

A motion by (Councillor Darker, made in 1H52 to permit the volun-
teer "ifle company to wear side-arms while attenuing fires was lost. \
lot on the north side of King street was ])urchased from Alex. Mc-
Donald, and on it an engine house was built. The Council, in Fcib-
ruary, a])]Jointed the cajitains of several fire companies. A board of
fire wardens elected Elijah Leonard chief engineer, with William Row-
land and -Fames Cousins second and third engineers. Each warden
was to wt, ar a Kossuth hat with ])lumes.

In August, JS.'iS, the Council resolved to raise £'.)0(l by debentures,
for building the firemen's hall and engine-house.

In JMarch, 1804, the fire brigade was jiresided over by C. N.
Simms, chief, with J. E. Murphy and Francis Smith, first and second
engineers.

The fire companies of 1S.")7 were Fire King, Hook and Ladder,
Phoenix, Defiance, liescue and liising Sun. The oificers of the Hook and
Ladder Company of 1851) were : — Charles Stevens, captain ; Williiun
Abraham and Charles Flew, lieutenants ; John S. Mcarns, secretary,
and D. McPherson, treasurer ; the last two named being representa-
tives to the Fire Brigade Board.

Fires, 1844-i'^^^- — The following record of fires is based solely on
contemporary liistory, such as the Council journal and newsi3ai)er file.s.
The first reference to fires in this journal is mat "n January, 1X44,
when the Police Board ordered twenty-five shilling. be paid to the
fire company for services rendered at the burning of John O'Brien's
house. John Jennings' distillery was destroyed by fire, Ajn'il 14, and
the Board oilered a reward of £25 for the conviction of the incendiarv.
in October the police office was used as a store-housi; for goods rescued
from the fire of that wouth. The ^ioard further thanked Captain
Caddy for £10 subscription, being the proceeds of one night's enter-
tainment by the Garrison Theatricfd ( 'ompany. This sum was equally
divided between Leonard, Perrin, Thom; Clark, Veitch, Faulds and
Edmunds, they being the principal sufferers from the fire. Samuel H.
Park was paid £2 1 7s. (id. for the use of teams during the fires. Peter
McCann was allowed £4 1 Os. for men on duty during the fire.

The fire of April 11, 1845, which either washed or wafted awuy
some three hui'.dred stores, dwellings, churches, banks, post-oflice,
hotels, etc., was the most disastrous known in London, it originated

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

in tliii ]!ol)insoii Hall, and spread with aiiiaziii<i rapidity. On this
occasion tliti 2nd Royals (Infantry), wlio wero tlien stationed in the
new harracks on the ])resent Victoria I'ark, did eflicient service in
iiuaniinu ]iro]K'rty and keepiiiiu; order for the snilerers aj,'ainst a lartje
mnnlicr of jdunderers froni the city and country. At tliis time a lars^e
yavilcn .sprinkler ])resent,ed to the fire oinpany w.as destroyed, and all
the lious(!s, cal)in.s, churches, etc., witiiin the district bound(Hl by
Kidout, Dundas, Talbot south to the river were swe])t away. To frive
an idea of how this fire sjiread, it is related that -lames Nixon had just
taken liis liorse Irom the Itobinson Hall stables one minute before the
archway was ablaze. The locations of the <,'reater number of business
houses in 184.") are f^iviiu at the close of this chapter, so that the
names of the jirincipal sull'erers are ptreserved.

Stejihen P.onsei' (or IJonsel) was allowed .£."> for services as en-
jfineer, while £:> 18s. 3d. wei'e allowed to the oamjiany for services at
the huiiiiii;.,' of i\Irs. Slie]iherd's house in April, 1847.

Amony the ))ersons ])aid for services at the fire of Jan. 15, 184'.l,
wen; (jcorgc Taylor, (Jh.vrlos Hine, \Vm. Winslow, Richard Bissett,
Joshua Freckleton, Wm. Lamont, Peter VV"rii,'ht and Hemy Hoyd,
each receiving five .shillings. The investigation into the origin of this
fire, which d(;stroyed Donald McDonald's store and Joseph Goodwin's
dwelling adjoining, sliowed that Jtobert Gunn discovered the fire un
January IG the Council ])re.sented a record of their vote of thanks,
printed in gilt letters and neatly framed, to the young men Burwell,
Schrain and vVill Burns, " for their iiitrei)id and jiersevering conduct
in arresting the jirogress of the lamentable lire." i)uring this fire Mr.
Burke's house was ])ulled down unnecessarily. The burning of
Henry Dalton's soap factory, Jan. 30, was accidental.

The following entry is made in the records of the Council : — " The
chief engineer reported to the Council that he had offered a reward of
£") to the I'luenix Fire ( 'omjiany, if .said ( 'oni]iany would .save a certain
wooden building which was in danger of being c(msiim<'d l)y fire on the
morning of May 28tli." Notices were given uhat a])plication for pay-
ment of this sum, and also of XI to Mr. Molme.s's Fire Com])any, would
be made at next .session of Council. The fire originated in Reynolds's
butcher .shop, also used by cabinet-maker Alhni, a brother in-law of
Reynolds. This resulte<l in the destruction of l)nildings l)elongiiig to
Dennis O'lirien, and of Sutherland's printing oflice. At that time
Sutherland slept in the ja'inting oflice VvAv.v Glen, tailor, and
Donald SUnvart residinl near the burned buildings The Council
ofl'ered £2") for tin conviction of the incendiary. Tlie grants to the
Ph(enix and [loL.ics's Comj)anies, as asked, were made, and £5 to the
Juv(aiil(i Kire Company. On June IHth an atteinjit was made to
burn bawrason & Chisholm's store. The Council pre.sent(id John
O'Neil with an address, thanking him for saving such valuable
property.

A fire was .started in the buildiii<fs on the north side of Dundiw

264

HISTOKY OF THE

street, August 15, 1850. The (.'ouncil ofl'ered £2~^^) reward for the
capture and conviction of the incendiaries. The fire originated in
Smith, Matthewson and Moore's buildings, where they formerly k(![)t
store. It was discoveretl after midnight by Robert Summers, who
gave the alarm, and saw a man run from the place, having first thrown
turpentine against the hous(!. This building, Goodhue's store, the
frame oceu])ied by Oliver's shoe store and Dennis O'Hrien's brick
(then occupied by Konald Iiol)insou as a tavern), were destroyed. Tiie
inmates l)arely escajted. At Oliver's and other ])lace3 Robert Siimniiir.s
aided in .saving the family and some of the; leather.

The fire of January ■', [851, threatened the town. Lieut.-Coloiiel
Oriitchley and men of the 2ovd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, the local fire-
men, and a small number of citizens, worked faithfully to rescue ]iro-
])eity. The majority of the citizens were mere spectators, as the Inl-
lowim; resolution of the Council points out: — "That this Coiuicil
regret being called ujiou to condemn, in the strongest language, tlio
a])athy evinced l)y a great portion of the sjiectators on that melancholy
occasion, who, not content with refusing to assi.st in procuring water or
otherwise endeavoring to arrest the flanuis, actually seemed by their
gestures and conversation to enjoy the sight, and, so far from lieing of
any u.se, only retiirdetl those who were willing to exert themselves.
Therefore, the Council would request all those who attend fires merely
to grtitify a jnorbid curiosity, to remain at home in future." One re-
sult of this fire, however, was the appropriation of £:(0() for the ))in'-
cliase of a " good engine and ho.se." The fin; of February 7 was
discovered in the house occupied by Win. Till, cabinet-maker, on
Ridout street. Till's shop, with the exce])tion of a small dwelling
house on the northern side, formed the last of a range of wooden build-
ings, extending nearly from York to King streets. The wind was
from till! north, which, with the exertions of the Hook and Ladder
(.'om])any and a ])artial supply of water, jn'evented the consuming of
the bhick. As it was, about one-third (tiie ,south(!rn pari) was con-
sunieil ; and in the remainder the houses were completely gutted. In
the hou.ses burnt, the f(tllowing were the sulferers: — Thomas Fra.ser's
dwelling house, the cabinet sho]) and dwelling hou.so of William Till,
with a ([uant'ty of lumber, no insurance; the next was owned and
occupied by K. I'. Kills as a cabinet shop, insured for i$ 1,5(10 iu the
(ienessee Mutual; the next occupied by W. H. Soper, gunsmith, who
was insured i'or £100; the building, owned loy Maurice Baker, was
also insuri'd. 'j'his was the last building burned, and \vas ])ulled down
while on fire, thereby stopping any further ])rogress. Till, on wiiose
jiremi.ses the fire l)rok(i out, lost heavily. The military were oii the
ground, and rendered all the assistance in their power.

The fire of August 24, 18.-)1. destroyed the old Catholic church
building at the corner of Richmond street and Maple avenue.

The fii'e of Oct. 7 was discovered in the range of wooden building's
on Richmond .street, Itetween the Congregational Chapel and Diuidas

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

265

chui'cli

Dmiilii-i

street. The range was owned by S. S. Ponieroy, and consisted of six
(lillereiit shops ; one of which was vacant, and the other five occupied
as follows : — Dr. Waiiless, druggist, stock insured for £l!5() in the
iluipire State Co., and furniture, &c., £200 in the Provincial; R. Gumi,
slioeniaker ; La w.son, tailor; W. Jannan, tin and coppersmith, £100
ill the Enijiire State Co. ; \Vm. Bissell, £.")0 in the Hud.son River Co.
Some damage was done to Mr. Strong's Hotel, but through the exer-
tions of I'lin'iiix Fire Co., No. 2, the firo was prevented from extend-
ing. The fire of December, which destroyed some houses on the
siiutli side of Dundas, necessitated an order by Council giving the
privilege to persons burned out of erecting temporary wooden build-
ings.

In February, 18;)7, a fire broke out in the ba.sement of the City
Hall, caused by overheating of furnace pipes. In this year the hospital
was bin-ucid. Later in 1857 the City Hospital on the Hamilton Road,
Henry Groves' house on York street, Pomeroy's on Dundas, Carmichael's
on Mill street, and Cameron's on Wellington street, were set on fire.

The fire of May 27, I<sr)9, destroyed six tencauent houses, owned
by Ingram, on Waterloo street. In -Inly, ISliO, a fire broke out in the
Higgins stable on Dundas near (Jhuvncts and destroyed the building
and adjoining sheds in rear of the Hiscox tavern. Higgins's and His-
cox's taverns and Wesleyun parsonage were saved by the firemen,
under Wigmore, Mcl'herson and Frank Church. The first fire of 18G:>
originated in Thomas Craig's office, and resulted in tin; destruction of
Adam Hope & Co.'s hardware stock and store. Tlie military engineers
saved the books. The second fire was in their new store, where
Ste])lien.son's .store now stands, oi^iosite the City Hotel. At this time
Warren's, Chisholm'a and Hope's stores were destroyed

In I.S6."» a fire destroyeil all the buildings between the stores of E.
Beltz and It. Reid ; subse([uently the vacant lot was piu'chased by J.
(ireuii, f(ir the piu'pose of building thereon a dry goods warehouse.
During tlie operation of clearing out the old ruins, one of the walls fell,
ciU'iying down l^eltz's hat store and Mrs. Egan's property. The fire of
May 2kii destroyed Elijah Leonard's old foundry on Ridout and Ful-
larton ; idso DeTuiis O'Connor'.s dwelling. Owing to the fact that the
uiiicliinery and material were removed to the new f(jundry, Leonard's
loss was snudl.

Tliom]i,s<iu & Hendershott's oil refinery, on the river bank, east of
the London and Port Stanley bridge, wa« '""-ned January 2:5, 1807.
Wood's Hotel, corner of Clarence and Duntlas streets, was destroyed
by lire Decciiuber LS. The buildings were erected in 1840 and owned
liy I'i'iij. Higgins. The firemen, aided by the 5;-ird regiment, confined
the lire to the hotel.

Tile Reindeer Inn, also known as " Mur|)hy's Erin-go- Hragh,"
• iwiicd in 1S07-8 by J<ilin Armour, was burneil -lanuary 27, 1868.
Tills was a large frame building at the corner of liatliurst and Rich-
ni'iiid streets. ' Heathfield & William.s' drug store, on Dundas .street,

266

HISTORY OF THE

wus on fire March 4. Tho dopai'tmont saved tlie biiildiiii,', Imt dtilu.^ed
the stock with water. Tlio fire uf Jidy 27, which tlireatened tlic
Catholic scliool-house, was followed by a fire on Hitchcock street
(Mai)le street) and Richmond stretit, which destroyed Stewart's fanning
mill factory and nineteen other bnildings. Tho mill buildiiiL;' wus
owned by John l)i<,'nam ; but the contents represented !$12,0l)(i. A.
Kerr's building adjoining; was valned at $l,(i(J(>; Stewart and Kiidd's
dw(dling and barns, $2,r)00 ; barn adjoinint; factory, SalM); McKellar
& Stewart's wa|,'on factory, SG.dOO'; McKellar's" dwelliii<,', S1,(K)0;
Waddell's cottage, Sl,20(); Western Hotel stables and contents, S-'.Oi 10 ;
Grey's plow factory, $oOO ; Magee's block of six dwellings, !?-!,6()l) ;
Gillean's building damaged; also Mrs. Darby's, Hardwood's carpenter
shop, Peel's marble works, liichardson's car|)eiiter shop, P. Weston'.s
dwelling and other buildings damaged. The los.ses amounted to
S4(),0()6. M. & E, Anderson's foundry, Adcdaide and Dundas streets,
was blown uj) Sejitemlier 21, 18t)S, kdling one man and wouudini;
seven. Twelve years before the Anderson foundry, then on Kiclimninl
and Fullarton streets, met with a similar fate, when a number of live.s
were lost and a number wounded. The fire of l)ecend)er 29 destroyed
the grocery house of Frank Smith & Co., the loss being eistimated at
aboiit $40,000.

The fire of Jan. 6, 1869, originated in Finlayson's dry goods store,
on Dundas, and gutted that store. In saving adjoining projierty miicli
damage was done, the total losses being placed at S3O,0OO. .loliii
White's hotel, on North street, was partially destroyed by fire also in
January. Thomas Hodgens's wagon sho]), on Eichmond and Market,
was destroyed by fire February 1 1 . The fire of June 7 destroyed
Bullock's dwelling and slaughter-house on King and Kectory streets,
near St. Paul's Cemetcny. The Canada Chemical Works were burned
in Sejjtember. The Ontario Chemical Works, on London lioad, were
destroved October 12, involving a loss of §1."),000. Win. McMillan's
oil refinery, on Bathurst, east of the Grand Trunk Railroad depot, was
gutted by fire November 3-4. The house of Wm. Smith, near the
Catholic cemetery, was burned November 26. The act was im]nited
to Mary Hawkins, whose love was not recii)rocated. A tavern at the
corner of Richmond and Litchfield streets was burned December li.

The tinshop of L W. C. l')aker was burned January "», 1870,
entailing a loss of S2,50(). The other jn'operty destroyed was A. John-
ston's building, Sl,400 ; Hiscox's hotel, $1,1)00; T. Powell's furniture,
$500; Mrs. Trebilcock's stock, about $600; Goldner & Hooper's,
about $:500; Dr. Westland's furniture, $;iOO, and Benj. Higgins's
building, $300— in all $7,500. The O'Callaghan and Elson frame
building, which stood on Richmond street, oj)posite the City Hall, was
burned January 21. Elson's butcher shop, Mountjoy's fruit store,
Henry Taylor's bank and Burke's jihotographic rornns were in the
building. The house was erected about 1841, and f,n' ten years was
used by the Wesleyan Methodists for church purposes. The fire on

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

267

(li'.lu<,'e(l

■k Htrcct
5 t'limiiiiii
liiiu; WHS
)i)(i. A.
(1 I'uuU's
McKclhir
SI, 000;
^!?-i,0O0;
;, i?:'.,00O;
cav]ientev

)Uiitc(l ti)
as streets,
wouiuliiiL;

llicllIIKillil

er (if lives

di'stroyeil

tiiuatoil at

)ods stove,
>ei'ty mncli
M). .Idlm
re also in

^larket,

(istroyed

streets,

■G burned
111, were
Milliin's

e])ot, was

near the

imiuited

•11 at tlie

her I').

:>, i«7(»,

A. -liilni-
furniture,
Huoiier's,
HiLiS-'iiis's
soil frame
Hall, was
ruit stove,
ve. in tlie
years was
he fire o"

jiiikc !in(l Cartwriylit streets, f)f Feliruary 2l', destroyed jirojierty
valued at S2,nO0. A. (trahain's barn, and Januis Anderson's and Mrs.
Heiinessy's cotta<:;es were destroyed. The grocery store of Michael
(ileeson, on liichniond and Hatlmrst streets, was destroyed l)y fire
Veliruarv L'7. The children narrowly escajied death. The petroleiiin
works of Kiii^lehart \- Co., on Adelaidi; street, were destroycul by fire
February L'4. Oliver (.)dell was burned to a crisp, and others severely
injured. A second exjilosi-in at Kiiglehart's works, April !•, entailed a
loss of SS'J.OOO; and a third on May '2'->, ISTtl, damaged jiroperty valued
at S!0,0Ot). Macniillaii & Latham's oil still exjdoded August 11,

Tlie ex]iIosion at Stead wells' refinery April 2'J, ]S72, cau,sed the
death of .Io.se]ih Ellis and .1. Weaver, while on DeciMiiber olst young
llus,sey was killed in Elliott's foundry. The, burning of Mrs. Howard's
child at the barracks occurred Sejiteniber 13, 1872, S. Adams & ('o.'s oil
stills were damaged by explosion in June. In Novemlier, the frame
buildings near the Terrajiin restaurant on Dundas strciet were des-
troyed by fire. Mrs. S. A, (;lil)bfins, whf)se fancy goods store was in
one, and (Jeo, Shaw, who had a grocery in another, suil'ered some loss.
The old liuildings were on the site of the jiroposed l)uildiiigs of W, J.
l!eid&('o. In December, the Victoria Hotel stables on Duke and
\\(dliiigt()n streets, with the dwellings of A\'m. Noden and Mrs. lous,
were burned. On the morning of December lOth the old frame pa.s-
])enger de]iot of tlu; tJrand Trunk Railroad was destroyed, and on
Decendier loth the idd artillery barracks on Wellington sM'eet,

The (.'X]i]osi()n of an oil still in the Hodgens refinery, esisi of Ade-
laide street, resulted in the destruction of fourteen oil cars. This
occurred January 10, 187.'!. Tlie fire of February 8th ilestroyed Kirk-
]alriek'ssh(^i.' store, and Thomas Simmon's fruit shop on Dundas .street.
<.)n A]iril IStli the boiler in Hyman's tannery (London) exploded, killing
Daniel Sullivan. Geo. Horner, foreman, .ind George Vincent, engineer,
were, arrested on the charge of continuing the ii.se of the engine for
uioiiths after tiiey knew of the dang(U-ous condition of the safety-valve.

The Ontario Car Woi'ks of London were destroyed by fii'e in June,
IS74. Tlui total lo.ss of .*80,(I00 was met by an insurance of $05,0(10,
The live of June 22 destroyed nine buildings on Iiichmond street,
between King and York streets, and on the 27th two frame buiklings
on the west side of iiichmond, lietween the streets named, were
destroyed. On July 4th two frame buildings on IJathurst, near
Clarence, were burned.

The fire of Ftibruary 27, 1875, destroyed Muirhead & ttray's oat-
meal mills, and also the block on the corner of Dundas and Iiichmond.
On .March .'.ll Westlake's dry goods ,store was burned. In August the
factories of Nash Sz Jackson and ot White, Yates & Jolill'e were des-
troyed.

The Golden Quoit Hotel, on Y'ork antl Hurwell streets, was Inirned
August MO, 1870, M. Glass was then jiroprietor.

The London Iron Works, owiieil by E, Leonard & Sons, were des-

268

IIISTOUY OF THE

troytHl by fnv May 4, 1881, (liiit.y yoar.^ alter tlu-ir e.stablislinioiit hy
Elijali Ijooiiavd. Seventy iiortablu eiij^iiR's and boiluv.s wen; destroyed,
and tbe total loss was j.laced at Sr)(),Ul)0. The works stood on York,
between Waterloo and t'olborne, and gavt! employment to eij,'hty-fivn
workmen. George Gray and Harry Smith, two fircimen, narrowly
eseajied death. Thomas Green's jilaning mill was ilestroyed by fin;
September 1 1, entailint,' a loss of .S'J^.UnO.

The Globe Agricultural Works on Duiidas street were destroyed
by fin; Sep.tember 11, 18S2. The concern was insured for S27,U()i),
but the loss was ]ilaced at over S+o.OOO by Mr. Mahon, the matuigcr.

The Imperial (Jil Comjiany's works in London East were struck
by lightning and destroyed on duly 11, 188:').

The wholesale house of Hobbs, Osborne & Hobbs, was Itlown up
by gunjiowder, February IS, 1884. TIk; two u]))ier floors were carricjil
away, and fire completed the ruin. Donald Smith was burned to a
crisj) ; Percy H. I nee was rescued half crushed and half burned;
Frank Shaw and Kiank H. Smith (^sca])ed. The firm carried the
heaviest hardware stock in Western Ontario, and lost about !?o;),()tHi.
The building was insured for Slli,000, and the stock for ^63,000.

The Phirnix Foundry, erected in 1871-2, was destroyed by fire
May L"J, IHSn. Five hundred reapers and binders were burned, ami
an acre of buildings and material destroyed. John Elliott & Sons, tlie
owners, estimated the loss at between S15t),0UU and S2(lt),00(), insured
for §02,000.

The Canada Chemical Co.'s works were destroyed June 12, 18(^7,
involving a loss of i?l 00,000. In 1867 this industry was established
here; was burned out in 1870, but rebuilt and carried on a great busi-
ness. The fii'e of June 17 broke out in an old frame buildiiiL;
on the south side of Queen's avenue, near Talbot street, and destroyed
much ])roi)erty. Cousins's ]iump factory on Wellington street, with
two stables, -were burned August 5.

Hunt's mill, at the foot of Talbot street, was destroyed by fire May
18, 1888. The gutting of the old ^Mechanics' Institute building on
Talbot street, opposite »,i>ueeii's avenut^ occurred July 22, ISSS. The
oatmeal mill, on thi; corner of Talbot street and the railway, was
destroyed, only the bare walls standing, August 20.

Vilkttfe and Cifi/ Pulkr. — In the year 1840. Lf)ndoii was cf)n,sti-
luted a ])olice village, controlled by a JJoard of Police, with functions
similar to those of the Board of Aldermen of to-day. Of that body,
which was elective, Mr. Goodhue was chosen the first President. Under
this system of rule the village continued till 1847, vIkmi it was created
a town with Simeon Morrill as its first Mayor In 18;!4 Lawrence
Lawrasoii was appointed a .lustice of the Peace for London, and for
over 40 years served as such. In 1860 he was apjtointt'd first
Police Magistrate for London, holding the })ositiou until his death in
1882 E. Jones Parke is the jiresent Magistrate.

A memorial of military honesty is written under date of May, 184:1.

COUNTY OK MIDDI.KHKX.

269

It !ip))i'ai.s (liat I'rivato Jaiiuis llctt, of tlio Royal licj^iiiieiit, found a
shawl. Tliis tliu Hoard onlcrnd slioidd " h: cviod tlirough the town V)y
the '(ioneval r.rown,' ami yiven w]) to tlio trius owner."

In May, 184.'!, a note for £1 1 ."is, ])ayal)le to Thomas ('lill'ord or
l)(!arer, liy Nathan (Jhoat, was found on the street and turned over to
the lioard.

Michael Mc,(iarry was appointed Constable, Town Warden and
Insjicctor in An.<,Mist, 1844, vice liennett. In tliost; days the duties of
Town Warden and InsjKietor were not always jileasant or safe. On one
occasion Lowiie called at Devanny's l)al<e house to inspect tlu^ stove
]iipo. A law suit followed, when one of the witnesses, Kiehard Falls,
or Faulds, swont as follows : — " Lowrie can<;ht hold of Devanny's col-
lar, and Devaniiy ^ave liiin the ])a])er and told him to leave the bake
hou.se, which Lowri(! refused to do, ujion wliicli J)evanny threw him
out" This nnceremonions conduct cost the balcer 8s. '.Id.

Th(! ollicers of tlu; I'olice Board in lS4(i, were the same as in 184."),
with tlie exce])tions that Wni. Mcliride was ap])ointed asses.sor. In
January, i84(i, the rnom for I'olice Jioard was rented from Timothy
Cook, on Jiidout street, for .£1 ])cr month. The officials at this time
were verv exactiu". John Becket had to i)av fourteen shillini's " for
standing with his team on one of the crossing places on the street, con-
trary to by-law." October 9, 1848, (!ouncilman Doyle's motion, that
all tlie ]>olicemen, exce])t the higli baililf and in.spectors, be dismissed,
was carried; also one jirovidiiiL; that the new ])olice force, consistin<» of
tlirei! ])rivates and the high baililf, should receive £20 ])er aimum and
usual fee.s, while the in.s])ector was to be i)aid £;)0 ])er aninun. Ez(d<iel
Wliitliinore was insi)ector, and Me.ssi-s. Wiggins, Boyd and K. dennings,
jHjlicemen. Colonel Clinch, was inspector of licen.ses.

In January, 184',), I'eter McCann was ap])ointed high constable;
James Duid)ar and Michael Kennedy, fee-paid conslal)les for St,
Andrew's ; Michael IVIcGarry and Henry J5oyd, for St. I'atrick's ; T.
Wiggins and J. Wnkely, for St. David's; and T. Fletcher anil W. l{()l>li,
for St. George's; Annesley Griflith, insjjector; W, Williams, town
crier; 11. Jemiings, ])ound-kee])er; and .]. H. Caddy, engineer.

On January 21, 184'.), Miriam H. Kowley, while jiassing by his
store, observed a light inside ; the ubiquitous I'eter ^Ici 'ann was soon
on the scene, when he found Malachi Hart and Michael Young ]ire-
paring to sleep in Itowley's bed-clothes. McCann took them to ]jrison,
;uul next day hatl them fined.

Daniels moved to have the Mayor and two councilmen also sit
weekly as Police Court Magistrates in I84<J. In 18."')4 Thael Van
Valktiuburg was appointed high baililf, but in January, 185") the oftice
gavi ])lace to that of high constable. In January, 1855, a I'cport in
favor of establishing a regular ])olice force was adopted, llobert Maw-
hiiuiey, John lies, John Iveary, Aiulrew I'ollock, John T. Mitchell,
Henry Sliadwell and Christo])her Teale were appointed, but Pollock
ivsiyned, and Kdward Temi)leton was ai)])ointed. William O'Kielly

270

inSTOKY OK TIIK

.•■311

was cliitit' C()nstiil)lo. In -Fiily, IS.");"), Siuiiucl I'iirk(3 Ayres was uji.
])()iiite(l cliicf constable, vice William O'Kiolly. On SeptonilKT L'-l,
1 yfjn, the jkpHcc, torcc was (lischai'<,'('(l and a now one aiipointtHl. com-
jii'isiiiji tlie followiiij,' inemlKTs :- -Unlwrt Mawliiniuiy, James Taylur,
I'ali'ick Wallace, William Baskcrville, -lames Gnttriclgo, Henry I'liair
and John Laikiii. Jiaskerville was appointed cliief, but was succoodud
in FebrnaiT, l.SGl, by Kicliard Wignioro.

In 1877 tliere were thirty-two apjilicants for tlie ollice of Chief f)f
I'olice, recently held by Chief \Vi;,'niore. Seri,'eant W. T. Williams, df
the Toronto jiolice, was chosen, while ex-('hief Wi>;more was appointed
liead of the iletcctive force, cat a salary of SbOO ])er annum.

In 18<i."> the force coTisisted of a chief and seven constables. Tiiere
were no .'ierneants and no detectives, lirock Stcsvens was chief, havini,'
succe(!ded S. I'. Ayers, second chief of the London city ])olice, a year
or so before. T. VanValkenburf^h was the first to hold oflice. The
<;onstables were Henry I'liair, liobert Mawhinney, Patrick Wallace,
John Larkin, William liaskerville, James (lUttrid^e and Jas. riefclier.
Three of the above-mentioned seven arc still on the force. Baskerville,
who afterwards became serg(?ant-major, is in the city also, and it i,^
<jnly a short time since Mr. Mawhinney died. Brock Stevens n^sii^'iied
Irom the force shortly after, but continued to reside in London luitil
1871), or thereabouts, when he committed suicide; for some unexplained
cause. He was succeeded by liichard Wi<5more, previously eni])l(iyed
ill the Sherilf's office, and Air. Wi},'more lield the oflice until \H~'>,
when, throuj^'h sonu; difliculties arising on the force, ho resigned. He
was succeeded by Wm. T. T. Williams, the present chief, whopreviou.^
to that time had been a sergeant in the Toronto police force, and had
also seen consideraI)le military iioliceand detective service in England
and France. The force, as now constituted, comprises one chief, three
sergeants, two detectives, and twenty-four police constables. The lul-
lowing are the names of the oflicers : —

Chief, W. T. '!'. Williams; sergeants, Robt. Adams, Thos. Jenkins
and Arthur Maguire ; detectives, Henry I'hair and William Ityder;
]iolice constables, John Larkin, Patrick Wallace, .lames Ilobbins, Jdhn
lloyd, Robert Weir, William Pope, Itobert Crawford, Nelson Smith,
liobert Egleton, John Morgan, Richard Ralph, David Dibbs, AN'alter
Chalcraft, Thomas Nickle, George Camjjbell, Robert Birrell, Thomas
Howie, Thomas McDonald, Wm. McGowan, John D. McColl, Michael
'i'ofjhey, Gilbert Woolway, James (iilson and Thomas Whittaker.

The force is in a very eflicient state, as Chief Williams niain-
t^uns the strictest discipline. For years now " crooks " have worked
,shy of London, owing mainly to the wide-awake character of the city
detectives. The detective tlepartmeut was added to the force about
1871 or 1872, Enoch Murphy being the first a])pointed. About 1873
or 1874 fire bugs were burning up tlie city right and left, and Heury
Phair was made a detective and is still on the force. Detective
Murphy was succeeded by Detective Ryder about three years ''go.

S WHS ;l]i-
oiiiIr'V 24,
ntcd. ciim-

U!S Tiivldl',

;nry I'linir
succeiHled

3f Chief of
/illiaiiis, of
3 iii)pointed

OS. Tliciv
liof, liiiviiii;
ice, a yuiir
)f1ice. The
k VViiUiicc,
s. Fletclier.
3askei' villi',
, ami it is
IIS rosii,'ne(i
iidoii until
mexplained
' eiiijiloycd
until 187.">,
igned. He
ho[)rovious
and had
Eii,i,'laiid
nc'f, three
Tho ful-

Jenkins
am Ityder;
)biiis, -Tdhn
son Sii'.itli,
)s, AV alter
1, Thomas
1, Michael
taker,
ams main-
worked
)f the city
force about
Ibout 1873
md Henry
Detective
years ^go.

H
<

m
Q

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

273

Till- 'ithci' two oniecrs, beaidi's Dolcctivo riiair, wlin were on the force
ill l(SOil, iuui iire still on it are ratrick Wallace and Joliii Larkiii. Aa
stated above, there were no sergeants in IHliil; but now there are three
of the most cai»able \xit\ivA'. otlicers in Canada holding these jwsitions.
llnliert Adams is the st.'nior, and has seen long service on the force.
Thomas .leiduns comes next in seniority, and has been on the force
iilioiit twelve! or thirteen years. Hv is also a very capable otlicer, as is
Aillnir Maguire, the third on the list, also.

Henry Hoyd, for over JO years the city bell-ringer of London, died
ill Dec, 1.S72. Years before, while on the jiolice force, he was beaten
1)V soldiers, from the effects of which he sulVered until bis death.

Richard Dinahan, who was caretaker of the City Hall for os^er 17
veins, was presented an engr(j.ssed cojjy of the (,'ouncil's resolutions on
his resignation in .Jan., iy7-"'>. Kobert Mawhinney, who died in 1(S8H,
held tile position for years. Henry Merritt succeeded.

Town-Crier Williams was the tii'st, and for a long time the oidy
advertising medium London ])ossessed. lie would go about the town
ringing his bell, and from time to time, as he became the center of a
crowd, would make his ainiouncements. " There will be -e-e an auc-
tion sa-ii-ale, on the Market HijU-a-re, this afternoo-o-n, at half-past
tW(i-o-o." And then he would go on and detail what was to be oll'ered.
Towii-(,'rier Williams commenced business iii the forties, and continued
until tile daily newsi)a])ers left nothing for him to do. They absorbed
the advertising ])atro!iage, and the ])rofession of the town-crier became
a thing of the ])ast in 18().'3-4.

Londun'n Water Suj)j)lij. — In the earlier years of the settlement
the hou.se-keei)er carried water from the river in a ))ail, or where a
large su])])ly was needed, an empty whisky barrel would be rolled
(Idwii, filled and rolled back tf) supply the kitchoi, give drink to the
thirsty, or aid in building up the stock of whisky. In April, 1830, a
well was ordered to be excavated opposite lot 16, on the south side of
Diiiuliis street, and within the street limits, with a water conveyance
thence to the jail, where a reservoir and pumj) were to be constructed.
Wells then came into general use, and well-water contiinied to be used
for years. On the organization of the village, the water question
received some attention, I)ut only from 184M is there reliable infornui-
tioii of the measures taken to insure a supply. Two tanks, fifteen feet
eight inches long, six feet wide and ten feet dee]i, were ordered in
November, 1843 — one to be placed near the foundry, and one at the
corner of Richmond and Horton streets. In February, 1844, the town
Well on North street, in th(3 rear of Farley's house, was cleaned and
otherwise improved. Leonard I'errin was allowed "to lay down
jajies from lot 15 to lot 16 on Dundas street in February, 184")." In
•lune. Lawyer Wilson asked permission to lay down ])ipe from the
Well at the corner of Talbot and North streets to his buildings on
Dundas street. In dune, 1846, Robert Guini complained to the IJoard
" that John Wilson turned the water out of its proper course in North
18

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

W Z.#4

•t %

1.0

I.I

1.25

2.0

U III 1.6

Hiotographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

274

HISTORY OP THE

street." This undoubtedly resulted from Wilson's unanswered itrayer
for leave to put down water pipes referred to in 1 845. Permission
was given the people to take water from the pipes leading from the
spring to the tanks in August, 1847. Among the first to take advantage
of this privilege of attaching pipes to the tank at the old Montreal bank,
at the corner of Ridout and North streets, was Dennis O'Brien. A
special assessment of one farthing on the pound was made in Septem-
ber, 1848, on Dundas street from Ridout to Talbot, to pay the expease
of sprinkling the street.

In January, 1851, R. Johnstone, of the Committee of the ('ounty
Council on the jail water supply, recommended that the Warden,
Engineer and a member of Council be appointed a pennanent com-
mittee to superintend improvements on water-works, and for selliuj)
water to consumers in the town. In February, ]8'y2, Councillors
Barker, Oliver, Code, McClary and Anderson were appointed a com-
mittee to consider the best means for obtaining a supjjly of good
water for the town. In August there were eleven large tanks in use,
three of which were constructed of brick. A committee of the Council
recommended the erection of eighteen additional tanks — nine of brick
and nine of wood. This committee was presided over by John ('.
Meredith.

A petition to the Legislature asking power to erect a system of
water-works was adopted in January, 185:!. In November, 1854,
Elijah Leonard introduced a by-law providing for the establishment of
the London and Westminster Water-works Comjiany. Peter Mct'ann
was one of the directors. In consequence, however, of a suspicion
that the Pond Mills water contained nothing but surface water, the
compiiny fell through. In 1866 several artesian wells were sunk, but
the water was strongly impregnated with sulphur. One of the wells,
at the foot of Dundas street, has been running since, and it is pro-
posed to build a sanitarium in coimection with it at an early date.
After the failure of the artesian wells, and a thorough test of the
Westminster ponds, it was decided to try the Byron springs, about
four miles down the river. The result was the discovery of an inex-
haustible supply of pure spring water, and a natural elevation for a
reservoir commanding the city.

In November, 1871, a report from the committee sent to examine
the water- works at Jackson, Mich., was received. In March, 1874,
Charles Dunnett placed before the Council Dr. Anderson's reference
to, and Dr. Machattie's analysis of 1870 of, the sulphur springs water.
On October 7, 1874, Thomas C. Keefer, writing to the Council, .speaks
of collecting the springs near Coombs's, but suggests that, to avoid
tunnelling the river to put down water pipes, every effort should be
made to obtain a supply on the city side of the branches. On Febiuarj'
15, 1875, Messrs. Macmahon, Gibbons and McNab were authorized to
inform the Council that, should privileges be granted, a private com-
pany with $600,000 capital was willing to undertake the construction

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

i75

of water-works. On March 29, 1875, a vote on the question of the
bv-liv\v approi)riating $400,000 for water-works, on the basis of T. C
keefer's estimate, was taken, when 24o votes were for and (199 aj,'ainst.
A very bitter feeling was manifested before and during the election.
The disbursements for the year 1874 were $659,202.02.

In September, 1876, a company applied for a charter to supjily the
city with water. The members were George S. Biirell, Charles
Murray, Isaac Waterman, Ellis W. Hyman, John McClary, .Fohn
Elliott, Thomas Aluir and George Moorhead. The committee re-
ported in favor of accepting a scheme proposed by this company or
the establishment of a system by the city. At this time William
Robinson, city engineer, presented estimates for $94,395 as the cost of
a thorough system. Wilson's spring, on the Cth t'oncession of London,
Lot 4, as described in the engineer's report of 1875, was referred to as
the proper source of supply.

The by-law authorizing the constrtiction of water- works passed at
special meeting of the Council, December 26, 1877, and in March,
1878, a contract for the construction of water-woiks and reservoir wa.s
sold to Stevens, Turner & Burns, of T^ondon, for $194,000. In May
an 18-iiich pipe was placed from Waterloo and Yf)rk streets to (Joombs's
Hill, 3i miles, crossing the Thames south of W^estminster bridge. The
reservoir and works were constructed near the old mill, and a dam
constructed to obtain power for the pumping machinery, as it was then
determined to dispense with the use of coal. The building was erected
by Screaton & Gibson, and in it were placed two Holly turbine wheels
of 103 horse-power each. The reservoir on Chestnut Hill — 298 feet
above the river, and 150 feet alx)ve the highest |)oint in the city,
excejit the Catholic Cathedral — has a capacity of 6,000,000 gallons,
being 198 square feet at the bottom, and 400 square feet at the sur-
face, with a depth of 17 feet. The grounds, comprising 62 acres, were
fenced in 1878 by James Biggs, under the direction of John Kitchen,
the Water Commissioners' foreman. On November 11, 1878, City
Engineer Wm. Robinson resigned, and Thomas Tracy, P. L. S., was
appointed. John Carling, K. Lewis and .1. II. Minhinnick were the
first Water Commissioners. In June, 1882, J. M. Cousins was
appointed, vice Muirhead, as shown in the municipal history.

The whole of the works, including a reservoir of over 6,000,000
gallons' capacity, about 31 miles of mains, 180 hydrants, valves, a
dam, pump house, machinery, road, etc , also about 1,000 services, was
completed and water turned on in January, 1879. Since that time
extensions have been made each year, including the London East
works, which were connected in 1885 on the amalgamation of London
East with the city. In 1882, steam pumping machinery of a capacity
of 2,000,000 gallons (imperial) was put in, and has given the most
thorough satisfaction, a duty of 82,000,000 feet pounds per 100
pounds of coal consumed having been realized, according to the test of
George C. Robb, M. K Considerable damage was done to the works

27G

inSTOKY OF THE

by the great flood of July, 1883, but the repairs were quickly and
thoroughly made, the supply being kept up by the steam pumping
machinery. In 1886 the reservoir was cleaned out, relined with
hydraulic cement concrete, improved facilities for emptying and clean-
ing added, and additional storage for the spring water provided at con-
siderable cost, and in August, 1887, Dufton's springs were purchased
for $2,500. The original works were designed by Wm. Robinson, ('. E.,
and carried out under the superintendence of T. H. Tracy, C. E., the
present City Engineer, who has had charge of the work since that time.
The present works comprise over 45 miles of mains, 250 hydrants with
valves, and about 5,00U services, which have been put in free to the
consumer to the extent of twenty feet inside the street line. The
offices of the department are located in the City Hall. The neighbor-
hood surrounding the water-works is one of the most beautiful in
Western Ontario. It is known under the name of Springbank, and
with the boats running on the river, thousands of people visit it week-
ly. The receipts of the department at the present time are between
$40,000 and $45,000 annually, and the running expenses from $10,000
to $12,000. The balance up to 1885 was not only expended on capital
account, but additional sums borrowed. In 1885, however, the de-
partment had a handsome balance on hand, and .since then the show-
ing has been even better.

Analysis of Water. — To point out the difi'erence between the
waters used by the people of ante- water- works days and the present
inhabitants, the following statement is given, founded on the report of
W. Saunders, chemist, on the constituent parts of water in and around
London, made to the Council. Water from the well at the corner of
Adelaide and North streets (the Mayor's residence) contained 2')i
grains of solid matter ; from his own well on Dundas, between Waterloo
and Colborne, 29^ grains ; from Dr. Brown's well, Kent street, near
Talbot, 51 gi-ains, and from Harvey's well, Talbot street north, 70
grains. The water at Coombs' springs yielded Ki^ grains, while it
showed only 9 degrees of hardness, compared with 11 to 17 degrees for
the well waters named.

The Asylum wells water in 1871, as certified by A. T. Macliattie,
contained 11.07 grains (east well) and 18.81 gi-ains (west well) of
saline matter. The foiiner showed 6.51 giuins, and the latter 14.90
grains of carbonate of lime ; while carbonate of magnesia was repre-
sented by 4.56 and 3.91 grains respectively. The analyst stated that
" the only saline matters present in any appreciable (juantity, are the
carbonates of lime and magnesia, which are. as usual, dissolved in
excess of carltonic acid. Tlie waters are remarkably free from alkaline
chlorides cand sulphates ; they contained no organic matter, cither of
vegetable or animal origin, a fact which conclusively indicates the
absence of surface water or any contamination from sewage ; they an
perfectly colorless and transparent, and contain nothing in any way
prejudicial to health. The 'east' well being softer than the ' west,' is

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

277

SO much the more suitable for ordinary domestic pin-poses ; but thei-e
is nothing in either water to prevent its general use in the Asylum."

^4 Temhle Holiday. — The celebration of ^fay 24th, the Queen's
birthday, has lieen observed at London since 18"i0, when Councillor
Labatt asked the Mayor to proclaim the day as a town holiday. For
years it was observed by the people in revelry and banqueting. The
barbarous barbecue, rousted ox, whisky and ale, being main features ;
but as men's hitelligence develoiied, a good deal of the barbarian disap
l)eared, and tlie day became one of quiet pleasure. Such wa? that of
1881 in its Ixjginnings. All day long the loyal people of London
indulged in quiet pleasures ; some at home, some at Springbank, and
otiiers, more fortunate, visiting friends in the country or in other cities
of Canada. The day was ordered for holiday making, the Princess
Victoria and Princess Louise carried hundreds down to Springbank
and back, aTul all went merry as marriage bells until evening, when
the murky sky gave notice to the merrymakers that the hour for return-
ing was at hand. At five o'clock the Victoria arrived at the picnic
grounds, bringing down many who had passed the day in the city.
Both decks were even then crowded. Xo sooner was the boat haltetl
than a greater crowd on the wharf leaped on board, and in a few
minutes aboiit .S0(» men, women and children, were huddled together
in a space fit only for 100 persons. The captain and crew seemed as
contented as the excursionists ; all were anxious to be at home for
supper. So the boat cleared from the wharf and crept slowly up the
Thames. The swell of the waters sometimes leaped in on the lower
deck, but there was little fear in the hearts of the travellers until the
crowd surged to one side, when that side of the lower deck was sub-
merged to a depth of eight inches. The captain now became aware of
danger, and asked the iieople to be still ; but the warning was unheeded.
The boat had now reached the expansion of the river, about 1,300 feet
west of the cove bridge, and held its way one-fourth the width of the
river from the bank. Suddenly a volume of water swept over the
lower deck, and the boat turned over, leaving the deck floors almost
perpendicular, then the supports bent and broke, and in an instant
tlie celebrants were in the water, fighting for life, or crushed to death
in the wreck. The evidence of John T. Fryer before the coroner's
jury forms part of the official history of this tnigedy. He states : —
" Was on the Victoria ; I saw her coming to Springbank ; I was on the
Jock ; she civme in bow first ; she appeared to be very much crowded ;
a number, myself among the rest, jumped over the bulwarks, and
gained the boat before the gang was lowered. F saw some of the
passengers get oH— not many ; I saw a number getting on over the
gangway ; the vessel then swung around and came up to the dock
with the bow towards London ; she was so loaded then that I could not
get a seat; my wife got a seat; my wife got on over the bulwarks;
when she got in, I handed my child to her ; my reason for getting
over the bulwarks was to secure a seat, as I saw the rush was so

278

HFSTOKY OF THE

j^reat ; there were eight in my party, all of whom got over the bul-
w^iirks, except my father — he came over the gangway ; after the Victoria
came back to tiie dock the second time, she remained some five or ten
minutes there before she started for London ; I think some got on and
.some got otl the second time ; I heard some say that the captain said
he would not start until some of the people got ott"; but very few got
oil"; the boat went towards Ward's hotel, but we did not sto[) there;
the boat apjjeared stmight to nm ; when approaching Woodland, we
]mssed the Forest ( 'ity ; the people went to the south side to see it,
and that gave the boat a list in that direction ; immediately after pass-
ing the Forest City, I noticed the Princess Louise ; I said to those
near me it was strange the three steamers should all be at Springbank
ut the same time ; after passing the Forest City, I saw the Princess
lx)uise coming around the bend approacliing Woodland ; it appeared to
me that both boats were making to the wharf; as we got to Woodland
the pt'ojile were pretty much to the south side ; it was iiere where the
vessel commenced to lurch ; just after that I stepped into the wheel-
house with my child in my arms ; after this one or two boys came up
to the captain and tf)ld him, ' We must get the people to go over to the
north side of the boat, as the boat is listing over to the south, and the
water is coming in on the deck below.' After this a deck hand (a
Frenchman) came up ; he told the capttiin that the people would not
move for him, and for him (the captain) to come down and use his
influence. The captain asked if the engineer had the pump or syphon
at work. The captain hurried around tt) myself and one or two otiiers
to use our influence to try and get the people to trim the boat ; ho
said he couldn't leave the wheel. One young girl in front of the wheel-
hou.se asked the captain if there was any danger ; he said, 'If you don't
go over, I will run you ashore, and you will have to walk home.' Just
after he said this, the boat made a sudden lurch to the south, and then
rolled over to the north and went down, north bow first. When the
jjeople found the boat lurching to the .south they then moved over in
a hurry to the north, this causing her to lurch heavily to the north,
and went over apparently north bow first. When I was in the water
u)) to tin; neck, the connection to the steam boiler broke, and the steam
rushed by our faces. In getting on to the hull, I noticed the supjiorts
had all been broken otl' clean with the deck." Nicholas Forkey, a
<leck hand, gave similar evidence.

A thousand itories, relating to that evening on the river, have been
told ; but all, even if given here, could not portray the scene. The first
eH'ort to save life was made by Henry Nickles and M. Reidy, of the
Forest City Club, who took two women ashore, and then, undressing,
labored to save life so long as one a])peared living in the water or the
wreck. Guy Parks and John Cousins remained in the club boat, and
took the first load of women ashore. Fitzjjatrick, night baggageman at
the depot, rescued his wife, daughter and daughter's child.

The boat Princess Louise arrived soon after, but too late to rescue.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESFX

279

She was moored close to tlie wreck, and near the north bank, and
planks stretched from her deck to the shore. At about seven o'clock
that, evening the bodies of the dead were brought on board and ranged
on the upper decks. So great was the number, that the bodies of
chililreii and infants were placed over those of adults. At 10 o'clock
that night 1 53 bodies were recovered; later, more were found, and
next day the work of burial was commenced, the streets of London
leading to the cemeteries being devoted to funeral processions for the
remainder of the week.

The grant of $'>i}0 to the Mayor of London, to aid in defraying the
expenses of the care and maintenance of those who needed assistance,
in consequence of the wreck of the Victoria on the Thames, May 24,
1881, was made by the County Council, June 7.

The list of the 182 interments in the various cemeteries is as follows :

Short, James, 13, city.

Matthews, Annie, 23, London West.

Matthews, George William, 2, London

West.
Hayman, Henry, 37, London East.
Hayman, Mrs. H., 37 London East.
Hayman, William H., 2, London East.
Alley, Harry, 12, London East.
KenJrick, Maria E., 24, city.
.Major, Charles Edward, 12, city.
LeClaire, John, l.l, Westminster.
Hariier, David, 47, city.
Stevens, Mary, Z!>, London West.
Stevens, Ellen, 12. London West.
Stevens, Thopias, .">, London West.
Stevens, Mary, 3, London West.
Smart, Elizabeth. 26, city.
Smart, Laura, S months, city.
Swayzie, Jane, 18, city.
Coughlin, Edward, 9, city.
Dyer, W. H., 4,5, city.
l')yor, Margaret, city.
Dyer, Bertie, 6, city.
Lawson, Elosia, 21, city.
Millman, W. H., 39, city.
.Millman, Ontario, 8, city
Millman, Tsirvil"

WOODLAND CEMETERY.

Evans, Elizabeth, 35, city.

Evans, Fanny Elizabeth, 9, city.

Evans, Samuel, 6, city.

Evans, George William, 2, city.

Evans, Albert Ernest, 1, city.

Rol)ert8on, James, city.

Siddons, Charles, 13, London South.

Mackay, Miss, city.

Westraan, William, B. D., 14, London

South.
Smart, George, 5, city.
Deadman, Alice M., 21, London South.
Swanwick, Lettia, 21, London East.
Roe, Frederick, 17, city.
Graham, Simon Peter, 13, city.
Graham, Mary Jane, 10, city.
Williamson, Alice, 29, city.
Williamson, Edward, 8, city.
Wastie, Alfred, 14, city.
Wallace, Thomas J., 15, city.
Kelly, John, 14, city.
Mcintosh, Adaline, 11, city.
Tatham, Dolly, 8, city.
Craddock, Mary, 18, city.
Box, Emma Jane, 22, city.
Meredith, J. W. C, 72, city.

le, (), city.

ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CEMETERY.

Malnney, Delia, 22, city.
Glavin, .Mrs. Michael, 27, city.
Glavin, Mary, 4, city.
Walsh, Patrick, iO, city.
Walsh, Joseph, 17, city.
Madden, Kliziibeth, l(i, city.
Madder, Mary, 13, city.
Jones, Annie, 13, city,
Jniie.s, Frank, 7, city,
Hogan, .Minnie, 12, city.
Beaton, Lillie, 13, city.
IWton. Mary, fi, city.
Kitzgibbou, Richard, 14, city.

Stewart, Elizabeth, 18, city.
Darcy, James, 28, city.
Conroy, Henry, 16, city.
McCarthy, John, 12, city.
Quinn, Mary, 15, city.
Tierney, Mary, 13, city.
O'Connell, Mary, 17, city.
Cnrran, John, 50, city.
O'Brien, John, 17, city.
Laughlin, Eddie, 13, city.
Pendergast, .Fohn, 36, city,
Pendergast, Mrs., 36, city.

280

HISTORY OK THE

MOUNT PLEASANT CEMETERY.

Andorson, Minnie E., liOndon East.

Abbott, Hudson G. , 9, city.

Burns, .lennie M., 13, city.

Burns, Ida M. L., 11, city.

Baskerville, John, 30, city.

Baker Annie.

Brezo, Thomas, London West

Cornish, Ellen, 20, city.

(iornian, Charles, 13, city.

Short, Wm. E., 15, city.

Harrison, Harry, city.

Shane, Henry, 12, city.

Lister, ThomaR, city.

Tremeer, George P., London West.

Tremeer, Willie, London West.

McPherson, Mary P., 15, city.

Morrison, Nellie, 16, London East.

Morrison, John, 14, London East.

Morrison, William, 4, London East.

Prescott, Emma, city.

Prescott, Nellie, city.

Fryer, A. R., city.

Fryer, Mrs. A. R., city.

Fryer, William, city.

McLellan, Mrs. Mary A., city.

Fisher, Emma Jane, city.

Shayer, Alfred, 25, city.

Wonnacott, William, 19, city.

McNorgan, Eliza, Port Huron.

Mooney. Fred T., city.

Smith, Mrs. Mary J., 45, Westminster.

Smith, Minnie. 17, Westminster.

Weatherhcad, Jaraeo, 38, Westminster.

Jones, Lizzie E.

McHride, Wm., 64. city.

Marham, Rosetta Ann, 8, London East,

Skinner, Lillie, 16, city.

Delling, Daniel.

Heron, Mrs. Mary Ann, city.

Bailey, Rosetta, city.

Hanify, .Mrs.

Handy, Nellie.

Dubeau, Mrs. Emma, and two-year-old

child, city.
Hardy, William.
Wall, John, 33, city.
Wall, Martha, city.
Mustill, Precilla, 13, city.
Glass, William D., 23, city.
Cooper, Fannie D., 19, city.
Colville, Samuel D., city.
Mageo, Harry, 15, city.
Smith, Orville E., 21, Westminster.
Edmunds, Samuel L., city.
Edmunds, W. C, city.
Hall, Benjamin, 25, oity.
Hall, Mrs. B., city.
Hall, one-year-old child, city.
Pike, Mrs.

Cha]iman, Elias, city.
Irons, Mrs., city.
Grafton, Margaret, 19, city.
Vick, Richard, 16, city.
Smith, Edwin A. , citv.
Gibling, Walter J., 12, city.
Wiseman, , 13, city.

ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH CEMETERY.
Perkins, James, 9, city. McPherson, Miss, 13, London West,

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH CEMETERY.

Scott, Mrs. Wm., 58, city.

Elliott, Josie, 12, city.

INTERRED ABROAD.

Griffith, JulaA., 17, Brick Street Ceme-
tery.

Oronhyatekha, Henry W. H., JO, inter-
red at Belleville.

Middloton, Janet, 17, at Gait.

Shipley, Lizzie, 15. at Falkirk.

Shijdey, Minnie, 12, at Falkirk.

Foxteu, Annie, 22, at Clinton.

Foxten, Jane, 20, at Clirton.

Whaley. Henry, 21. at Clinton.

Cole, Albert, 12, at St Thomas.

Kilburn, Mrs., 20, »i, Kilworth.

Hay, William, 24, at Pinkerton, County
of Bruce.

Dennis, Hr,nDah, 25, at Palermo.

Pilkey, Joseph, 18, Hamilton.

McElliatrewn, Julia Ann, 21, at Gait.

Anderson, Henry, 10, in country.

Smith, Harvey, 21, at Brick street.
Mrs. J. M. Young's son, 10, at Birr.
Ashbury, Mrs. W.,at St. John's.
Nixon, William, 14, Brick street.
Pile, Samuel, 23, in country.
Diver, Hiram. Rochester.
Diver, Mrs. Hiram, Rochester.
Diver, two children, Rochester.
Nukins, George,in country.
Johnson, son of T. Johnson, Lobo.
Hall, George, 29, Toronto.
Deacon, W. S., 10, Birr.
Boomer, Chas., 16, Norwich ville.
Batzner, and lady friend, Bothwell.
Hazen, Ida, Port Burwell.
McVicker J., in country.
Willson, two Misses, Birr.
Gahau, Joseph, 17, Wheatley.

COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX.

281

London never will forget tlint dreadful day ; yet, every surainer,
the siuiill liver sttuuiiers j)ly ref,Milixrly between London and Sprinjr-
biink, and as the excursionists Ixihold the sjiot where so many sunk to
liciith, they shudder.

FUxhIs of i.S'.V.A— The flood of .Tuly 11, 18S3, was discovered
about two o'clock that niornint; by Win. Thom])Son of the Advertiser,
wlio was retiirnii)},' with his re])oit of the Imperial Oil Works fire, and
went down to the river bank to see what eflect the heavy miiis would
have on tlte river. The first act in the drama was th(i death of two
cliiklren of Thomas Maliii, one by crushing, the other by drowuint;.
It ajipears that when Malin discovered the waters, it was too late to
t'scajie, and .so he had his family climb a tree. While his daughter
was iianding uj) the baV)y to its mother, the hou.se was swept against
the tree, crushing the baby to death and injuring the mother. The
bodies of Stratfold and his child and Wattam, were among the first
found. The Lacey children were also swept away.

Gns and Electric lAghtivg. — For over twenty y(!ars Ixmdon may
be said to have been in public darkness ; for, with the exception of
li},'hts erected by the hotel keepers, there were no street lamjis. On
April 12, 1853, Barker & Spellman applied to the Council for a charter
to supiily the town with gas. Simeon Morrill was appointed a dele-
(,'ate to visit Quebec, to .secure the charter from the Legislature. Mr.
Monill's little bill for this trip was £28 7s. (Jd, An act was passed,
and the Council gave the required privileges. The order to subscribe
for 500 shares of the London Gas Company, was made in August,
1853.

In November, 1854, the Council negotiated with the gas com]>uny
for lighting the town, and by April, 1855, there were twenty-one street
lamps lighted by gas, and nineteen more ready to lie placed on the
opening of spring. In September, 1855, there were eight street lamps
]iroposed to be placed on Dundas street, five on Ridout, twelve on
Wellington, eleven on Richmond, four on ( 'larence, one on North, six
on Talbot, five on King, and three on York, or seventy-seven street
lamps in all, in addition to three at Wellington street bridge. Of tliis
number only twenty-two lamps were actually in place then. The
price suggested was £7 10s. per lamp per annum. On October 15,

1856, a further contribution to the gas company of £2,500 Wivs
authorized. A stiitement giving a list of shareholders of the London
Gas Company, and a report of business for two years ending July 31,

1857, was presented to the Council. This covered the periotl of Edwawl
Glacknieyer's management, and shows a gross profit of £3,379 lis. tid.,
out of which £482 were paid for losses during Garth's management,
and £1,223 interest on loans during the two years. In April, 1873,
there were 169 street lamps in use. During the last fifteen years,
lamp-posts were erected everywhere within the city limits. Notwith-
standing the existence of the electric light and its very general use,

•282

UISTOUY OF THR

tliR gas works of to-day take a large share in supplying public and
private lights.

The liall Electric Light patent was secured for Canada in Decem-
ber, 1881, by Messrs. Stevens, Turner & Burns, Fitzgerald & Fellows,
John Walker, T. H. Tracy, all of London, and J. B. Scoville, of Boston.
The Comi)any was formed here simply for the manufacture of machin-
ery. Some years later a jiroposition to light the city by electricity was
made and received, and about 1 20 lights placed, the works being on
the river bank on the southern line of London.

Public Market. — The market place of the village was at first
located in front of Peter McGregor's hotel, almost opposite the Courts
house ; and a frame building served as a market shed. But as the
town progressed, the market was removed to the square upon wliich it
is now held, and a big frame structure was put up. Afterwards the
citizens ^jecame dissatisfied, find got into a disjiute, and a change was
again made to Wellington street, and subsequently to the spot now
occupied by the Grand Trimk depot. After remaining there a year or
two, however, it was brought back to the present large squcare, where
it has since remained.

Tenders for market tolls were opened May 1, 184.S, and the privilege
sold to Maurice Baker for £1()'.) 17s. In May, 1848, an adver-
tisement for 25,000 feet of two-inch plank and 6,000 feet of oak
scantling was ordered to Vje made through the columns of the Inquirer,
presumably to be used on the market grounds. William Carlill was
before the Board on May 8 for not paying marktit fees. He was I'oin-
pelled to pay the fees (two shillings), and also thirteen shillings and
ninepence fine and costs. Ale.v. S. Armstrong purchased the market
tolls, for £251 currency, for 1844 John Schofield was fined ten
shillings, and eight shillings cost, " for buying a pig which had not
been taken into the jniblic square," in January. On August 12 tiie
question of removing the market house to the market groimd on the
new survey was discussed, and tiie building ordered to be moved to
the new site in February, 1845. William Horton, John Balkwill and
others bound themselves to expend £200 on the erection of a market-
house in the new square. On September ,( the contract for building
was sold to liobert \^^ann. By-law 52 provided that the old market-
house .should cea.se to be used in .lanuary, 1845, and that the iiouse,
erected in the fall of 1844 on the Government grant, between York
and Bathurst streets, .should be open from -January 27, 1845. .lohn
Jeimings protested against the location and the by-law. In February,
1845, Marcus Holmes pro])osed to erect a market-house in the west
end of the town, should the Police Board assent. This petition was
stored carefully away. In March, market stalls were sold at £4 each,
the buyers being William Winslow, William O'Rielly, John Balkwill.
Anthony Pegler, Thomas Bickell, John Gordon, John Elson, Martin
Rykard, Joseph Duer and .John Talbot. The latter bought the tolls

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

283

and fees for £173 ;>9. 3d. Dr. Lee was fined for buying lumber with-
out the market fees being paid, on May 1, IH45. Tenders were
opened in January, 1846, for corapletinj^ the C.'ovent Ganlen Market,
and contracts awarded to Biaham & Byman for carpenter work, £35 ;
(JcoTge Summers, for plasterinj;, £2(1; and to John lionser, for paint-
iiisi, £3 IHs. The market tolls and fees were sold to Richai"d S.
Tiilbot for the year 1849-50. In December. 1850, a proposition to sell
tlie old market grounds on Bathurst and York streets to the Govern-
ment, for railroad depot j)urposes, and purchase suitable grounds in
some (jther part of the town for market purposes, was carried. Messrs.
McClary, Beimett, Carling, Anderson, and, in fact, all the members of
the Councils of 1849 and ISHO, gave this railroad subject much at-
tention.

In November, 1851, Councillors McClary and Anderson moved
that the jjctition of Samuel Peters, A. i\Iountjoy and others, asking
that fifty feet in the centre of Wellingtfm from Dundas to York l)e
set olf for market grounds, be acted upon, was carried. Immediately
the Council ordered the removal of the old buildings to Wellington
street, and in November, 1 8.">2, the maiket-house on Wellington street
was completed.

In March, 1803, the Council resolved to purcha.se a tract of land
within the town for the enlargement of Covent Garden Market. A
loan of £2l),(t00, payable in twenty years, was sanctioned, to carry out
the resolution, as well as to erect a town-hall, market-house and other
buildings. A twenty-five teet lot on Dundas street (evidently the
entrance to market on Dundas street), was purchased from L. Lawra-
son at £25 i)er foot. In A])ril, Conncillors Anderson, Oliver and
Barker, were appointed a Building Committee, with W. B. Leather and
Samuel I'eters, architects. A former motion by Barker and Scanlon, to
have the town-hall front on Richmond street, was met by {)etition and
remonstrance ; but their motion carried. The market-house contract
was sold to Wm. Niles, Windsor & Green, Whiteheail, Grant & Niles,
the price being £3,6;i(; 13.s. In September, 1853, the City Hall con-
tracts were sold to Windsor & Green, who contracteil for brick work ;
Niles & Scott, cut-stone ; Craig & Campbell, carpenter and iron work ;
Haskett & Sons, painting. The total was £7,501 10s. M.

In May, 1854, Nellis & Ayers purchased the market tolls of Covent
Garden for £4(10 15s., and by-laws for the regulation of the market
were adopted. .John Kernes leased the market tolls for 1855-tJ,
paying £808.

The extension of the market square in 1879 necessitated the purcha.se
of 110 feet frontage thereon, at a cost of $24,833 ; the owners claim-
ing §37,550. The arbitrators were: — Geo. G. Magee, Y. Cronyn, and
A. S. Emery ; W. R. Meredith, represented the city, and David Glass,
the owners. The projjerty adjoined the Masonic Temple, and was
adjudged to be worth $225 per foot.

The nuirket prices quoted February 14, 1850, give three shillings

284

HISTORY OF THK

Pork — The quantity expoHed for Hale these

last eii;ht days has proved large ; 20ii.

per 100 lbs. for good (luality ia about

the current price.
Hpcf— porlh., IJd. Ca 2(1.
Mutton — |)or lb., IJd. Oi- 2d.
Butter— p«r lb., fresh, TAd. ; salt, 'lil. f«

7id.
Eggs— per doz., TJd.
OeeHe — each, l8.
Fowls— per couple, Od. fe TJd.
Turkeys— each. Is. lOJd (a 2s. «d.

and fiveponce for fifty pounds of full wheat, and two shillings and
uinepence of spring wheat : —

Barley Wo hear of no transactions.

Oats- per bush. U. 2d. (a Is. 3d. Still
continue to be delivered from the farm-
ers very 8|Niringly.

Timothy Seed- -7s. (id. per bushel.

Clover Seed — Several parcels olferinK, but
heard of no actual sales, except one
small lot of tiftean bushels Ca,. 20s,

Hay — per ton, t'JOs. (a 55s.

Straw — per ton, 20s. (dx 258.

Flour— t)er 100 lbs., 78. 6d.

Potatoes— per bush., Is. 7d. (n Is. lOJd.

Appleb— jier bush., Is. lOid. (a 2a. 6d.

HoR/rihila. — So early as 1832 the f|uestion of ho.spital accoininodu-
tion Ciinie i^iinily Iwfore the people. Cholera of the worst ty])e pre-
vailed here ; and so terrible did its ravages Iwcoiue in >Inly, that oidy
eleven grand jin'ors remained, and Captain (Proves was the only one
left in the settlement who would take civre of the sick and dying. Dr.
Donnelly having succumbed to the di.sease, and Dr. Lee being engaged
in furnishing medicine. The niatttu-.s coniuicted with hospital relief
since that temble year are described in the following memoranda from
Council reports : — Alfred Carter wius appointed in 1847 to attend to
the sick and destitute immigrants. A shed was ordered to be erected
for them on the Market Square, and tin; old market-house was opened
for the u.se of immigrants on August 17, and the same month a bury-
ing ground for immigrants was established. The town warden wa.s
instructed to provide niaiiiteniince for a woman (Mrs. Husband) found
near Water's mill with her thigh broken, in December ; Dr. Anderson
and Magistrate Morrill having refused her relief on the part of the
district,

A case of small-pox was reported in .June, 1848, when a small
building was erected in which to keep the patient. In 184'.t a resolu-
tion to petition the Government on the subject of removing the ho,s-
postal from the market ground was adopted, and on April 1 the
immigrant hospital, then condemned, and the market-house, were set
on fire, and the former totally destroyed, the Council offering £25
reward for the conviction of the incendiary. The first Board of Health
was established June 18, 1849, when Dr, A. Anderson, S. Morrill, L.
Lawrason, J. Ashton and S, Eccles were appointed. In July a
memorial from Simeon Morrill and fifty other mei\ibers of the Wes-
leyan Methodist Church, complained that paupers, dying in the town,
were buried in the grounds granted to the Society by the Government.
The Council at once acted on the complaint, and ordered that all such
interments must be made in the grounds then known as Potter's
Field.

In the fall of 1849 Dr. Henry Going had charge of the cholera
hospital, where a number of immigrant patients were confined. In

COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX.

285

December Peter McCiUin was ordoretl to inquire into the needs of h
iiuiiilier of Scotch ininii<?rauts, wlio swarmed in the village. In IHoO
the Council iii;nored Doctor (Soing's services ; but ultimately his claim
Hfrainst the town was referred to Dr. Philliii-s and Dr. McKenzie, who
rt'iiorted in favor of <^rantin}| him a much smaller .sum than was con-
sidered by him due.

In Sei)tember, 18.")2, a by-law prohibiting the interment "of
deceased" ])cr.sons within the town was passed. A committee to locate
i;r(iuiids on which to build the city hosjntal was appointed in IHo"),
wliiili resulted in tlu! erection of a small house called the City llos-
]iital, tlu! expenses of which for ISHB amounted to £5.")! :!,s. 8d. The
little building, burned down in 1857, was on the Hamilton Uoad near
tlie One Horse Tavern. The Council offered liberal rewards for the
incendiaries. On February 1, 18.")'.>, a soup kitchen was established at
London. There were 2,'.t4H quarts of soup served tliat month, or .'{,912
meals; 222 loaves of bread, 218 lbs. rice and <i."{2 lbs. of beef were
eonsunu'd, with other foods, costing !?5!t..'»4. The kettles cost $2;3.r)().
The number of families relieved was 8."> and the number of iiersons
.".4(). The corresponding month of l.Sr»S co.st the city SV^^2. In 18ri'.<
the Masonic body subscribed !?58 for ndief, and others $25. In March
.iohii Curling subscribed SI OH, Mward Emery *20, and John K. Labatt
1,000 ll)s. of flour. Several smaller donations were given toward
relieving the jioor.

The totjil cost of city hospital and out-door relief for 1859 was
IS:!,272. In this year there were 124 patients; while from 1855 to
the close of 1858 — four years — there were only .■>64 ])atients.

The report of the Committee on Hospitals, made April 8, 1801,
charged a few of the aldermen with Iwing too intimate with the matron
and other female attendants at the city hospital. The rejjort was very
severe, but evidently necessary in view of the total lack of morals
])revailing. The .steward and matron were recommended for discharge.
In 18<i2 Kielly's house on York street, near Westminster Bridge,
wiis leased at S200 jjcr year for hosjjital jairposes. In 1864 Mrs.
llyman was ])resident of the committee of ladies who managed the
llourjt! of Refuge. A Mr.*. Noble, then matron, was reported on very
unfavorably to the Council by ihe Hospital Committee, and her dis-
missal asked for.

At a meeting of the trustees of the Late London Savings Hank,
held .January !i, 1865, Adam Ho])e, Lawrence Lawrason, Simeon
Morrill, xVlexander Anderson, Charles Monsaratt, William Begg and
John Wilson being ja-esent. it ajipeared that after all deposits and
charges of management were paid olf, S2.'!4..S9 in currency remained,
with one ^100 (lebenture and nine Sl.OOO debentures, issued by the
corporation of St. Thomas, November 8, 1864, and one City of London
debenture, dated June 27, 1853, for £500. This suqjlus was donated
to the county and city, on condition that the interest thereon would be
devoted to the sustenance of an hospital for both county and city. In

286

HISTOUY OF THE

December, 1872 this fund was brought into use, and the city liospitiil
made the beneficiary.

In the fall of 186(1 the Asiastic cholera scouroe extended to Lou-
don, but, owing to the prompt measures taken by the IJoard of Health,
its ravages were confined within narrow limits.

During the summer of 1870 the small-])ox epidemic reached Lon-
don, when a sjjecial building for hospital j)urposes was erected. In
Feb., 1871, the Council asked the authorities for the use of the frame
building formerly used by the troops as an hospital. This request was
granted.

Stephen Grant and Mrs. Grant were appointed steward and matron
respectively, March 28, 1870, of the City Hospital. Old Mr. Busln-,
the former steward, was retired on account of age. For some years,
indeed during their administration, the management of the establish-
ment was excellent. Dr. Moore was apjwinted city physician in 1871.
The small-])ox epidemic of 1872 earned off a number of residents. In
1872, plans for a new hosj)ital building were called for, but new ac-
commodations for the afflicted did not seem to clinch the disease. In
the winter of 1872-;i there were a numter of deaths from small-j)ox.
In October, 1876, Dr. D. M. J. Hagarty took charge of the City
Ho.s]iital.

The Mount Hope (Orphan Asylum was opened October 2, 1S()!),
when two children were admitted ; but before the close of the year tliu
number increased to fifty. In 187") there were twelve Sisters of St.
Joseph in charge, and six engaged in the work of educfition in the city
schools. Prior to the establishment of this gi'eat institution, the pri.son
formed the general house for orjjhan children

The new hospiUil, or new addition to the Mount Hope House of
Eefuge, was completed and opened October 16, 1888, llev. Father
Tiernan ])residing over the religious services.

On the morning succeeding that 24th of May, 1881, as soon as the
dread intelligence was conveyed to the Sisters of Mount Hope, ten of
their number formed themselves into a faithful band, going two and
two to various parts of the city, visiting alike the homes of the
bereaved I'rotestants and Catholics. Many orphans, left poor and
lielpless, were dressed and kindly cared for. Some of the scenes they
witnessed were harrowing in the extreme.

The Protestant Home was organized fourteen years ago. In No-
vember, 1888, the following named officers were elected: — Patronesses,
Mesdames (Dr) Ryckman, (Bishop) Baldwin and Henry A. Smith ;
president, Mrs. Morphy (re-elected by a standing vote) ; vice-presidents,
Mesdames Kobinson, Hyman and JeH'ery ; secretary, Mrs. Garlick
(re-elected by a standing vote) ; assistant secretary. Miss Fowler ;
treasurt^r, Mrs. Gregsten (re-elected by a standing vote) ; auditors,
Messrs. Wright and Thomson. After brief remarks from the ofticeis
elect, the Standing Committee were elected for the year as follows:—
Tiustees, new members, Mrs. Barker, Mrs. J. W. Little, Mrs. Parker,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

287

Mrs. Shuttleworth and Mrs. Blackstock ; re-elected, Mesdames Boomer,
Beltoii, A. Brown, Bremner, Cleghorn, Carfrae, De la Hooke, James S.
Duffiiild, jr., Dawson, Douglass, Edge, Fitzgerald, William Glass,
Gordon Garlick, Samuel Glass, John Green, Gregsten, Gordon, E. W.
Hyinan, Charles Hutchinson, Ingram, Jeffery, Thomas Kent, li. Lewis,
Kclvenzie, AlcCallum, \V. It. Meredith, Morphy, Hamilton, Mortn-,
Owrey, Priddis, Itobinson, G. F. Ilobertson, Rock, W. J. Reid, Henry
Smith, Smart, A. Thomson, Geo. Webster, Col. Walker, H. Weld, and
tlie wives of the Protestant city clergymen. Advisory Board, new
members, Messrs. V. Cronyn, C. S. Hyman, J. \\. Little, George C.
Gibbons, William McDonough and C. McCallum ; re-elected, Messrs.
William Bowman, Hon. John Carling, F. Davis, J. H. Flock, John
Elliott, Wm. Glass, Samuel Glass, John Green, Chas. Hutchinson,
Alex. Johnston, Joseph Jell'ery, R. Lewis, Thomas McCormick, Mr.
Muir, Oliver McClary, Lieut-Col. Moffat, George Robhison, A. Thomp-
son, Jolni Walker, John Wright.

Following is an extract trora the statistical return made to the
GovcMiiment on October 1 st, 1888, showing the number of children in
the Home on Oct. 1, 1887, as 3.j boys, 19 girls; admitted during the
past year, 18 boys, '.• girls ; discharged, 12 boys, 10 girls ; deaths, none ;
remaining inmates on Sei)tember 30, 1888, 41 boys, 18 girls; total,
,")'.). Average stay of each child, 257 days; collective stay of all the;
eliildieti, 20,:)5ri days. Number of beds made up each day, 08. The
children are nearly all Canadians, and all Protestants, with two
exceptions.

In Jan., 1867, the Council granted for the use of the proposed
Magdalen Asylum the l)uilding then known as the old Grammar
School ; but later decreed that, unless occupied as such before three
months, it .should be sold to Samuel Stansfield for S50. However, it
became the residence of Jane Doyle, then jail matron.

The Protestant House of Refuge Association, organized in April,
18(55, reopened their house in December. Mrs. Hellmuth was presi-
dent; Madames Scott and Stone, vice-presidents ; Mrs. J.C.Thompson,
secretary ; and Mrs. Samuel Glass, treasurer.

The corner stone of the Protestant Home was placed by Mrs.
Gregsten, president, Sept. 14, 1876. The lot and buildings cost $V6,-
000, and the work of construction was can-ied out under the direction
of James Cowan and meml)ers of the building committee.

The Women's Refuge was established March 2, 1876.

Tft£ Guthne Home. — A number of years ago a home for English
oqihans was established here, and later the house on the first conces-
sion of Westminster founded. In 1885 John T. Middlemore, who
founded the Orphan Children's Emigration Charity in 1872, brought
thirty girls and seventy boys hither from Birmingham. This was his
thirteenth visit, each former visit contributing a large number of such
people to the Canadian population. In 1886 he brought out fifty girls
and seventy boys from Birmingham to the Guthrie Home, Loudon.

288

msTOUY or thk

In June, 1887, his fifteentli jmity of fifty j^irls and one hundred boys,
(orphans) from Birmingham, England, .arrived to aid in building up
the interests of the Dominion. This work Mr. Middlemore has made
a study. Durin<:! the fifteen years of his career in ridding England of
an unprofitable class of persons, he has be.stowed upon Canada at least
2,000 members of that class, a few of whom are said to have miide
useful residents.

Schools of London. — Tlie Collegiate Institute, the twelve pul)iic
schools and three separate schools of the city, may be estimated in vahie
in round numbers at $20(l,0()0. There are also the new Medical College,
Huron Divinity College, Hellmuth Ladies' College, Sacred Heart
Acjidemy, Hellmuth lioys' College (not in use), the Art and Design
School, the Commercial College, and at least lialf a dozen well-ordcveil
private schools. Stejis are also being taken to secure for the city a
Normal School, admittedly the chief need of Western Ontfirio in the
direction of educational a])pliances ; and here is tiie seat of the county
Model School, for the training of teachers.

In 1828 tlie first school was opened at London by Peter Vanevery,
who was temporary jailer and man-of-all-work around the new cmnt-
house. The name of the teacher, and the time and place in whieli he
taught, convey an idea of the very humble begiimings of eduealiou
here. His residence was a small frame house, which stood where
Somerville's grocery store now is.

Edward Allen Talbot taught school in a frame building on the
-south-east corner of Itichmond and Queen's avenue. Among the
jiupils were his two sons, James McFadden, jr., W. H. Niles, lialpli
Lee, a son of the doctor, Edward Gibbons and Ira Schofield, jr. Sherifi'
Glass, in his reminiscences of the early schools of London, states : —
"The first school (remembered by him) was o])ened in 1833, on l)un-
<ias antl Richmond, by one Taylor, an asthmatic, consumptive person,
who could scarcely master ' the three R's.' He was assisted by iiis
wife, a tough, wiry little woman, with less education, but greater
energy. They combined lath making with their educational duties ;
the male teacher cleaving the large bolts of oak and cedar until ([uite
exhausted, when his wife would take up the work, and, with draw,
knife in hand and astride the draw-horse, she would thin down the
thick ends and preiwire the lath for market. Then folhjwed in rapid
succession the opening and closing of other schools. Miss Stiuson,
Mr. Jiusbee, Miss Dyer (a resident in 1877), John Talbot and liev.
Mr. Wright, all taught private schools between 1833 and IH.'iG.
Most of these teachers were but poorly educated. They were strong
believers in the doctrine, ' to spare the rod is to spoil the child,' and
enforced most lessons with a liberal application of blue be.'ich gads,
which were then found in a swamp at or near the corner of Richmond
and King streets. The total number of children at this time of suit-
able age for school did not exceed 10 or 12. Tiie schools were opened
by the persons named as a private enterprise, without government or

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

L'89

mnijiciriiil aid. The usual charge was from from SI. 25 to S1."'0 per
(|iiiU'ter. It will be readily seen that the probable return was not such
as to conmiand the best talent, and this will also account for the rise
and fall of so many schools in so short a time. Air. I'aylor (father of
Win. Taylor, who died in 1876-7), who taught for many years sub-
sequently in London Township, opened a school on Hortou street in
]8o8. He was far in advance of tl'C others, educationally, and taught
for many years afterwards in the same place." W. H. Niles states, this
Tavl(jr was a robust Irishman, who taught school in a house rented
fidin W. Niles on the east side of Talbot street, opposite the present
oatnieivl mill.

In October, 183."), Mrs. .lohn H. Miller opened a children's school on
Diuuliis street, the rate being one dollar per mouth. John H. Miller
(tpened a senior school in the same home, at $2 per month. In 1841
the Common School l>oard was presided over by He v. Benjamin
Crouyn, with Itev. W. F. ('larke as secretary. Tiie (iramraar School
was held in the court-house, with B. Bayly as principal. Thomas
Parke was commissioned in May, 1843, to obtain the school money
for 1842, and])ay it into the bank of Upper Canada at Kingston. The
ta.x levy for school purposes in 1844 was £81. On April 1, that year,
the Superintendent of Public Instruction informed the Board that the
apportionment of the Common School Fund was £79 18s. 4d. On
April 8 liev. Benjamin Crouyn was appointed Superintendent of
Education for the Town of London, and on June 10 he was ordered to
district the town for school purjioses. His repoit was in favor of mak-
ing each Ward a district, and this was adojited.

The total amount of assessment for school purposes in 1845 was
£124 3s. 3d. The amount of the tax roll for 1844-5 was £372 9s.
In January George llailton received £3 7s. Gd. as clerk to the
Superintendent of Kdycation, and John McDowell £0 3s. 4d. as
collector. In February, the apjjointment of Etlwin Kowley as school
teacher, and the refusal of Kev. .Mr. Crouyn to examine him for a
teacher's certificate, was before the board. It appears that on April 13,
Philo Bennett and E. P. Ellis, trustees for St. Andrew's ward, were
anxious to employ Edwin Kowley as school-teacher, but Itev. Superin-
tendent Crouyn refused to examine Ilowley, on the ground of his
being an alien ; then the trustees asked the Board to take the necessary
mea.sures to compel Mr. Crouyn to examine the teacher, and certify to
such examination, but the proceedings were as unsatisfactory as they
were boisterous. £106 were transferred to Rev. Denjamin Crouyn,
representing the school moneys of 1846. In June, 1848, the school
trustees asked the Council "for a larger appropriation, for erecting a
school-house on a large scale." This petition was granted, and in 1849
the Union School was built, and opened in the following year, with
Nicholas Wilson as princi])al. He was succeeded by Kobert Wilson,
and he by the late Hamilton Hunter, who retired from teaching to
accept a Government position.

290

HISTORY OF THE

In January, 1849, James Reid and George G. Magee were apjiuinUjil
Trustees of Conunnn Schools, vice Harding O'Krien and J. S. Buchanan,
retired. A special assessment of three farthings ])er pound valuation
was authorized to be used in paying teachers and erecting buildings mi
the grounds granted by the Government for school purjmses. This
resolution was ciimed, but Mayor Dixon's ojiposition to a similar (ino
on .Fatnuny 29th resulted in vexsitious proceedings. Debentures for
£r)r)0 were authorized May 7th, the proceeds to be applied on cmn-
pleting school-house. In November, 1849, Architect Thomas declined
the building complete, and £411 were paid Joseph F. Kolfe, the ooii-
tractor. On October, 29, 1849, Simeon Momll ])resented a large !h;1I
for ihe use of the new common school. About this time the colored
population of the town was over 200, and a colored school was estiih
lished by the members of the colony. In January, 18")0, Miss II. .1.
Dawsey ])etitioned the Council to compensate her for teaching a colored
school of forty pupils during the year 1849. This ])etition was sent to
the School Board, with a reconmiendatiou to grant her ])ay, wheio it
was reported favorably.

In A)iril, 18r)(>, the four school sections were united. The by-law,
as drafted by H. C. 11. Becher, pointed out the desire of the people to
have one large school building, where scholars could be classified
according to their knowledge. Each class should have a teacher, and
all work under the direction of a head master. £150 wert^ ordered to
be levied for school purposes. In May, (Jouncillors Barker and (Jarlini;
])ointed out the necessity for a school-house in St. George's Ward, and
iisked the apjwintment of themselves and Mr. Becher to ])urclia.si! a
site fvnd obtain plans, etc. A motion to this effect was carried, and
£300 appropriated for building. The Central School at London was
opened in 1851, with N. Wilson, head master, and Kobert Wilson and
Patrick Murtagli, assisttmts. The head master's .salary was then £1.")()
per annum.

On Jan. 28, 1852, a petition from the Trustees of the Granunar
School, a.sking the erection of a school building, was reported unfavor-
ably ; but the application of the Jioard of Public Instruction of the
Town of London was received favorably, and the Council recommend-
ed the renting of the Mechanics' Institute for school purposes.

Such were the steps taken to build up a school system here from
1841 to 1854, that the new city of 1855 found herself in possession of
good schools and good teachers, which compared favorably with other
towns of Upper Canada. The school statistics from 1855 to 1868 tell
the story of progress : —

Tear.

18S5

1856 .

1857 ,
1858
1869
1860

Pupils Avrrage No. of

Registered. Attendance. Teaeliem.

.. 1,823 ... 973 12 ..

.. 2,219 1,064 14 ..

.. 2,737 1,244 16 ..

.. 2,459 1,337 17 ..

.. 2,336 1,461 20 ..

.. 2,301 1,443 20 ..

Averasc Coat
per Pupil.

....$6 SH

7 57

6 73

ti 32

6 11

ti 01

OOUM'y OF MIDDLESEX.

291

I'uplls Average

Year. HeKiHtered. Attendance.

18G1 2,527 1,537 ...

1862 2,fdl l.O'.O

1H63 2,825 1.692

1S64

1865

18(16

1867

l,>i68

No. of
Tenchers.

. .. 21 ...

. .. 22 ..,

... 22 ...

, .. 22 ...

. . . 24 , . .

2,972 1,782

3,218 1,9.'{0

.3,237 1,990 25

■3,372 2,058 25

3,586 2,1.''.3 25

Averaee Coat,
prr I'upU.

5 18

.... 5

.... 4

04
tIS
30
73
63
55

.1. H. l')(iyle became principal in 1855, with twelve assistant teach-
ers — six male and six female. Amonj? the best known teachers of the
city .scliools within the i)eriod to which the above fignres refer, were
J. B. Boyle, Adam Anderson, William Irwin, Nicholas Wilson, .lohn
Taatl'e, Haniiiton Hnnter and .lohn McT/aren, Miss A. B. Coirigan,
Miss Eliza Ellis, Miss Bella Norval, Mi.ss McElroy, Miss Harriet
Oakley, Mi.ss Eliza Coyne, Miss Lsabella Coyne, Miss H. Gillespie.
Miss M. Yates, Miss Jane Kessack, Miss TiOster, Mrs. Elizabeth lloji-
kiiis. Miss Christina Rotertson, Miss Dora Gurd, Miss D. Robertson
(ISUli, and resumed in 1865).

Th(! School Board of 1801^ was composed of the following: — Messrs.
William McBride (chairman), W. Wade, R. Gunn, J. G. Mcintosh,
James Dunbar, S. II. Graydon, D. McPherson, John Ross, Jas. John-
ston, 0. Baynes, Alex. Gunn, Thomas Webb, A. G. Smyth and Alex,
.lohiiston. The School Trustees elected in January, 1872, were Robt.
Reiil. Alfred G. Smyth, James Dunbar, William Rowhmd, .f(jhn
Phillijis, Alex. Gunn and Ezra A. Taylor.

A reference to the general chapter on schools will show the names
of the old-time school superintendents of London village. J. V>. Boyle
is in.spector of the city public .schools, having been apjwintcd to the
position in August, 1871. A. S. Abbott was appointed secretary of
the School Board in December, 1850, and is still holding the office.
The late Judge Wilson was local superintendent of schools up to ISfi.'i,
as shown in the general history. The Bishop of Huron subsequently
held that position. Rev. W. ¥. Clarke was superintendent for awhile
before Judge Wilson's time. The outlay for school purposes in 1.S63
was some S14,4.")9 ; the estimates of 1888 placed it at $57,511, includ-
ing $3,:i40 to the separate schools. An early jmblic school principal
was Kobt. Wilson, then N. W^ilson ; next Hamilton Hunter, who was
succi'oded by Mr. Boyle.

Following is the personnel of the Board of 1888 : — lames Wright,
chairnian. Collegiate Institute Trustees — Cl. T. Campbell, (,'liarles F.
Colwell, James li. Cook, .lohn D. Sharman, Francis Love, Moses
Masiiret, Alfred W. Woodward. Public School Trustees — Jas. H.
Wilson, Wm. J. Craig, James Wright, Albert O. .lefTery, Joseph M.
Wilson, Alexander A. Dui-den, .lohn Turner, Thomas Howard, Henry
Childs, V. W. J. Ball.

The list of teachers in Octoljer, 1888, is as follows : — Central Scfiool
—Messrs. Carson (head master), and Stewart, Misses Booth, Yates, Mills,

292

HISTORY OK THE

Cannell, I'itilicr, Dunbar, Coyne, F. I'uickle, S. A. Buckle, Simpson,
Ma^ce. liolM'i'tson, I'livistie, iiiul H. liucklo. King street — Mr. ,Tiis.
L(!arn (head master), jMisses Webhe, L. V. Porter, Hay anc. J )Iinston.
Hortoii street- Mr. II. M. (.Jrahani (liead master), Misses Ferguson aii'i
Kogers. Wtiterloo Souili — Mr. H. A. T. Hobbs (head n)ast(;r), Missos
Mcl)onald and iSkelton. Hamilton road — Mr. .1. Wright (liead mas-
ter). Misses Fairbairn, l.uke and Brock. Colhanie street — Mrs. Gahaii
("principal). Misses Mulveny, llougvie, Pocock and I'urdom. Pruiccfix
avenue — Mr. Wof)dbinn (licad master), Misses Tyler, Macklin, John-
ston, Fleming and Sinijison. Talbot street — Misses Miller (inincipal),
Mcintosh, ^^'eatherson and Lynch. Waterloo North — Mr. K. F. Wil-
son (head master), Misses Wrighton, Ferguson and Evans lAwnr
avenue — Misses Boon (princijial), Olipliant, Winnett and Cathro.
Rectory street — Mr. W. D. Eckert (head master), Miss Macklin, ]\Ivs.
Olipliant, Misses McLeod, Cameron and Black. Park street — Mr. 8
G. Gibson (head master), Misses Mohr and Young. Prute^aiit Home
— Miss Crosbie. Town Hall (East End) — Miss Walton. Music —
Mr, J, L. Barron

The city system is at the present time in the course of a greatly
needed reorganization, whereby what is known as the Central School,
formerly called the Union School, established in the year 1841), will be
abolished, the projierty sold, and the ^^'ard schools will in time be all
giaded. By the old mode, pupils reached the Collegiate Institute, by a
coin'se through the Central ; but under the new order of things, each
ward will cany on the curriculum uji to the point of passing the
entrance examination, and so become direct feeders of the Collegiate
Institute. Number Five Ward has a well etpiipped school of that des-
cription already d(jing splendid work, and a new building has been
completed on Simcoe street in accordance with the graded ])lan. It
will displace the old Horton street school. The new graded school
building on Horton street, between ( 'larence and Wellington, is lOOx
110 feet, each of the three fl(Jors being of this area. Over each of the
main archways are what is ])urported to be the likenesses of ex-Chair-
man Sharman and (Jhairman Wright, of the Board of Education, Itut
it would take a rather acute observer to recognize the faces of either
of these gentlemen in the stone cutting. The building was designed
and its construction superititended by T. H. Tracy, city engineer. The
cost of the structure is placed at about $30,000, divided as follows:—
Masonry, Joshua Garratt, 811,000; carjienter work, John Purdom,
$8,340 ; (.'redit Valley dressings, T. J. Heard, $4,500 ; slating, George
Kiddell, $904 ; jilastering, Murray Bros., $873 ; painting and glazing,
A. T. Corj), $I,0tl7; furnaces and air vents, Smead & Co., $L\4.S(l.

Old Grammar School and the Collecjiate Institute. — The London
District Grammar School was established in 1834 at Long Point, on
Lake Erie. On its transfer to London, a graduate of Trinity College,
Dublin, was appointed master. This was Francis Wright, the same who
married the eldest daughter of W. Iv. l.'ornish. After ten years' service

COUNTY OF MinULESKX.

293

he lesinneil, and Jomes ( '. Thompson, of Adelaide, was ajijiointed ;
but, on his removal to the old St. Thomas school, Rev. Benjamin
Bayly, of Dublin, Ireland, took char<;e of the school, and for thirty-
seven years ])resided over the Grammar School in the old court-house,
until 181)1, afterwards in the Central School, and later in the new
Collegiate Institute, Mr. Thomjtson assistinj:; for some time in the
mathematical dei)artment. Mr. I>ayly settled on Manitoulin Island in
ISiiT with Archdeacon lironjih. and about 1<S41 received his appoint-
ment at London, where he died in January, 1879.

In September, 1878, the present commodious buildings on DufTerin
avenue, erected at a cost of ever $10,000, were first occupied ; and in
the January following, the vacancy cjiused by the death of Mr. Bayly
was filled by the aj jwintment of the Rev. F. L. Checkley, \\. A., who
administered the a'l'airs of the school for nearly eight years. Just
after the removal, the status of a Collegiate Institute was conferred
u})ou the school, which honorary distinction it : till retains. On the
retirement of Mr. Checkley, in 1887, the present head master, Samuel
Woods, M. A., was appointed. Mr. Woods has been identified with
High School work since 18(il', a longer .service than any other High
scluiol master ir the Province, so far as is known. A new feature in
C^anadian High School work was introiluced by him at the ojiening in
Sejitember last. This is to give a thorough scientific and literary
education to every pupil in the Institute, while not neglecting or
overlooking in the slightest degi'ee the claims of the language courses
in both the ancient and modern tongues.

The present stall' is comjMised of the following members : — Pnnci])al,
Sanniel Woods, M. A. ; English master, R. Ferguson, B. A. ; classics,
Pi. A. Little, B. A. ; science master, A. Hotson ; modern languages, T.
( '. Somerville ; mathematics, U. Grey, B. A. ; commercial, N. Wilson ;
assistant mathemati&s, A. Andrus ; assistant English, Miss F. Hanson ;
drawing, S. K. Davidson ; music, St. John Hyttenrauch ; janitor, J.
Jury.

Collegiate Sdiool. — The London Collegiate School, built at Mount
Pleasant in 18G5 (after plans by Wm. Robinson), by Geo Taylor and
Fowler, was opened Sept. 1. The principal promoters were Arch-
deacon Hellmuth and the Bishop of Huron.

Divinity Sciiool. — In ISfil Bishop Oonyn decided to establish a
Diocesan Divinity School, and Rev. I. Hellmuth was sent to England
to collect funds. His success was represented by $62,000, of which
the Rev. Alfred Peache gave ;^2r),()00. The college was opened Dec.
2, 18(13, and must be considered the beginning of Huron (College.

Huron College. — This institution was incorporated by an act of
Parliament, which received the royal assent May 5, 186.S. It was
opened by the first Bishop of Huron, Dec. 2, that year ; the inaugural
address on the occasion being delivered by the Dr. Mcllvaine. The
first princi])al of the college was Dr. Hellmuth, afterwards Bishop of
Huron. The first students matriculated on Jan. 9, 1804. This insti-

294

HISTORY OK IHK

tution rose out of a ueed felt by Dr. Cronyn, for a supply of minislera
of the church for the wants of his diocese. On his consecration to the
episcopal office in the year 1857, he found that, out of 138 townships
in the thirteen counties constituting the Diocese of Huron, not more
than thirty were supi)lied with the ministrations of the church; so that
there were, in round numbers, only two clergymen to an entire
county. For some six years the wants of the diocese were partially
supplied from various external sources. At the present time, 1888,
there are V2'i clergymen engaged in pastoral work in the Diocese of
Huron, of whom (13 were trained cat Huron College. The number of
students who have passed, or are passing, through Huron College is
about 132. Bishop Hellmuth was associated with Bishop Cronyn in
the work of developing Huron College, and the divinity chair wa.s
endowed by the Rev. Alfred Peache. of England, with the munificent
sum of £5,000 sterling. Rev. 11. G. Fowell, M. A., is now principal
of the college, having succeeded the late Rev. Dean Boomer, LL. U.

Boys' College. — Helhnuth Boys' College, subsequently Dufleriii
(,'ollege, named after Lord Duil'erin, Governor-General of Canada, was
founded in 1805, with Rev. Dr. Darnell as principal; but it wa.s nut
.successful, and closed some years ago.

Hellmuth Ladies' College. — This school was founded by Rishoji
Hellmuth, and inaugurated by Prince Arthur on Sept. 2.S, 18G9,thouf;li
actual work was begun in the college on Sept. 1. The week of tlie
formal o])ening was a great occasion for London and the West. The
Provincial Fair was in progress, and, in addition, Prince Arthur and
suite. Sir .lohn Young, Governor- General, Lady Young, and Sir Jolin
A. Macdonald visited the city. They were welcomed by the corpova-
ation, the Fair Association, the militia and multitudes ; flreworki?, hand
music, and a ball and supper being i)art of the programme. Col.
Taylor was D. A. G. at the time, and Lieut.-Col. Lewis aud Lieut.-Col.
Shanly were with him at the depot when the royal party arrived ;
Capt. J. Walker being in command of the guard of honor. Hellmnth
College is now under the principalship of the Rev, E. N. English, ^I.A.
The original cost of the site was $."i,000 ; but, owing to the many im-
provements nicade upon and around it, it advanced in value to S'lO.lKlO
in 1877, a figure which it easily commands in the market. The build-
ing and grounds form two of the features of London improvement,
although two and one-half miles north of the city. Hellmuth Collefje
was conceived soon after the establishment of the Diocesan scliool,
and on Oct. 17, 1864, the corner-stone of the buildings was placed.

Western University. — The Western University of this city grew
out of a desire to extend and strengthen the educational machinery of
Huron College, and Bishop Hellmuth was its most ardent promoter.
The initiatory meeting was one of the professors and alumni of Huron
College, held in Christ (.-"hurch on Tuesday, Feb. 20, 1877, Dean
Boomer in the chair, and Rev. J. W. P. Smith (now Canon Smith),
secretary. An organization to promote the University was thereupon

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

295

formed, and the nanio " Western University " was chosen at a ineet-
iiij,' held on Nov. 1, 1877. Early in 1878 the Ontario Legislature
(lassL'd an act incor[)orutin}.; the University, confeiTin<» all necessary
jxjwcrs and jireronatives, including those of conferring degrees in arts,
divinity and medicine ; and on June '20, 1881, an order-in-council was
issued, conferring university powers. Subsequently the Hellmuth
Boys' College i)roperty was tak n over, and on May 20, 1881, Huron
College was afhliated. The inauguration occurred iji presence of a
large gathering at the Chapter House on Oct 6, 1881, Bishop Hellmuth
presiding. The late Hon. Adam Crooks, Minister of Education at that
time, delivered an address, and short speeches were also made by Dean
Botiuier, V. Cronyn, Chancellor, Dr. Moore, Dean of the Medical
Faculty, and Kev. Mr. Haney, of Ireland. The first convocation for
the conferring of degrees was held on April 27, 188.'i. Details of the
organization of Huron ( ollege and the Ix)ndon Medical College appear
elsewhere. The London Law School was organized a couple of years
ago, but has not had an active existence.

Londun Medical College. — The meeting to organize this depart-
ment of the Western I'niversity was held at the Tecumseh House
May 24, 1S81. The first faculty completed organization October 3,
1SH2, when the department was inaugurated, the professors being the
following named : — ("has. G. Moore, M. C. V. S., L. C , Professor of the
Principles and Practice of Surgery, Dean of the Faculty (member of
the Consulting Staff, London General Hosjiital); John M. Eraser, B. A.,
M. D., M. K. ( '. S., England, I'rofessor of the Principles and Practice
of Medicine (member of the Stall', London General Hospital); R. M.
Bucke, M. D , F. li. S. ('., Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases ;
William Saunders, F. K. S. ( '., Professor of Materia Medica and
Pharmacy; J. A. Stevenson, M. D., Professor of Therapeutics and
Toxicology (member of the Stall', London General Hosjutal); James
Bowman, Professor of Theoretical and Practical Chemistry ; Charles
S. .Moore. M. D., C. M., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women
and Children (member of the Stall", London General Hospital); F. R.
Eccles, M D, M. R. C. S., England, F. R. C. S., Edin., Professor of
Physiology ; Wm. Waugli, \I. D., (J. M., Professor of Anatomy,
General, Descriptive, and Surgical (member of the Stall", London
General Hospital); H. Arnott, M. B., Professor of Clinical Medicine ;
James Niven, M. B,, M. R. C. S., L, Professor of Clinical Surgery
(member of the Stall', London General Hospital); W. H. Moorhouse,
M. D.,L. K. C. S., and L. R. C. P., Edin., Professor of Histology and
Dermatology ; G. P. Jones, M. D., Professor of Sanitary Science
(member of the Statl", London General Hospital); Alex. G. Fenwick,
M. 1),, M. Pi. C. S., England, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence ; John
Wishart, M. D., M. R. C. S., England, F. R. C. S , Edin., Demonstrator
of Anatomy (member of the Staff, London General Hospital) ; Secre-
tary-Treasurer, J. A. Stevenson, M. D. ; Dr. McGugan filling Dr.
Kccles's chair while the latter was in Europe. The school has already

296

HISTOUY OF THK

turned out some twenty^two jTraduatos, and tliey are jn-oving a credit
to the professoripl work. Until this year the lectures were delivered
in the old Helhnuth Boys' Collefjc buildin*; on St. James street, l)nt
on October 2, 1 882, possession was taken of the new structure at Iho
corner of York and Waterloo streets, which, with the lot, cost about
$10,000. The college will accommodate about 100 students. The
site is part of the Central School ])roperty.

The present faculty is made up as follows : — Dean, and professor df
clinical medicine, H. Arnott, M. B ; princii)les and ])ractice of UKdi-
cine, John M. Fra.ser, B. A., M. D. ; nervous and mental diseases, 11.
M. Bucke, M. I)., ('. M., F. R. S. C; materia medica, Wm. Saundi-is,
F. R. S. C. ; theoretical chemistry, Jas. H. Bowman ; ))hysiology and
gynecology, F. R. Eccles, M. I).; surgery and surgical anatomy, Win.
Waugh, M. 1)., C, M. ; clinical .surgery, J. Wishart, M. T)., ('. M. ;
principles and ]>ractice of medicine, W. H. Moorhouse, M. B. ; ])atli()l-
ogy and histology, D. B. Fraser, M. B., of Stratford ; obstetrics and
sanitary science, G. P. Jones, M. B. ; medical jurisprudence and
toxicology, A. G. Fonwick, M. J). ; practical chemistry, W. E. Saunders ;
anatomy, general and descriptive, J. M. Jackson, .M. D., C. M. ;
demonstrator of anatomy, W. J. Mitchell, M. I). ; i)hysiology, H. A.
McCallum, M. 1). ; materia medica and thera])eutics, H. Meeks, M. D. ;
botany and zoology, John Dearness, I. P. S. The officers of the
faculty are: — Dr. Arnott, dean; Dr. Waugh, registrar ; and W. E.
Saunders, treasurer.

The London Law School. — This school was opened December 4,
ISSf), Judge Frederick Davis delivering the inaugural addres.s. The
faculty comprised William Elliot, Senior Countv Judge; VV H. Bar-
tram, registrar; W. W. Fitzgerald, bursar; W. P. R. Street, Q. (\,LL 1!.,
professor of equity jurisprudence, now Assize Court Judge ; David
MilLs, LL. B., M. P., of Parke, Mills & Purdom, professor of Interna-
tional law and rise of representative government ; J. H. Flock, of
Flock & Flock, professor of criminal law ; James Magee, of Harris,
Magee, Clark & Jetl'ery, professor of real property law; M. D. Fraser,
of Fraser & Fraser, professor of personal property law ; I. F. Hellinuth,
LL, B., professor of constitutional history; VV. R. Meredith, Q. C,
IjL. B., M. p. p., of Meredith, Fisher & Beattie, professor of nnuneiiial
law ; and George C. Gibbons, of Gibbons, McNab, Mulkern & Harjier,
professor of law of contracts.

The list of the first students enrolled is as follows : —

Babcock, G.
Bartlett, P. H.
Bayly, R.
Beattie, J. H. A.
Bowman, T. M.
Brydges, C. H.
Chapman, F. E.
Cowan, R. K.
Crony D, E. S.
Dignan, R. H.

Emery, E. C.
Fisher, R.
Fitzgerald, W. C.
Fitzgerald, W. E.
Flock, Ed.
Graham, R. M.
Gunn, G. C.
Harding, F.
Johnson, E. H.

Johnson, T. F.
Johnson, W. F.
Judd, J. C.
Lucas, I. B.
Macbeth, H.
Mcl'hillips, .las. J.
McPhillips, John J.
Mills, K.
Mills, W.

Moruhead, 0.
Moore, J. T.
O'Ncil, J. 1).
Purdom, A.
Reid, Thos.
Scandrett. Tliot.
Smyth, \V.
.Sutton, A. E.
Walker, J. S.
Weekes, G. N.

COUNTY OK MIDltLKSKX

2'.t7

Mniiv of tlio above immod are now barristers, niifl some of tliom
associated witli old firms in Loiidtm.

Art ScliiHil. — Tlu." Western Ontario School of Art and Desit,Mi, one
of the first and l)est in the country, was established about 1S78. It
liiis enieiently conducted de])artrnents of paintinj,' in oils and water
colors, diina ])aintin<,', industrial desinnin",', modellint,', etc. The
(\umil'i(iv G(i:i-tfe, London, England, s|ieai<s in liif»h commendation
of the dt!sif]!nin<,' and iiaintinji on china done in the London Art School,
whioli was (sxhibited at the Colonial. The teachers at |>re.sent are
JIe,ssrs. J. H. Griilith and .1 R. Peel, while the institution is under
till! alilc jiresidency of (colonel Walker, county re<;i.strar. Tlie studios
are located in the Mechanics' Institute buildini,'. Then; are several
excellent private art tMitt^rprises carriecl on in tlm city ; and the We.stern
Art League, composed of London artists and others, promises to be of
service. (Charles Chapman, who died in October, 1887, was the father
of the Western Ontario Art School. John H. and James Urilfith came
to London in 1854; but in 187'"> the former retired to his Westminster
farm. H(! suggested the establishment of the Art School at London,
and lias been coiniected with it since organization. He was the first
to introduce into Upjier Canada the art of ])orcelain painting and
photography on china, and the first to introduce i)hotos in carbon.

Fdred City College. — This is a practical business school, jiresidi'd
over by J. W. Westervelt and J. II. W. York. Its establi.shiuent at
London was well received by the people, and its success has been
noticeable.

Separate Schools. — There are three lloman Catholic sejiaiate schools
—the ])rincipal school, St. Peter's, on the same block with the cath(.'dral ;
th(! next, the comparatively new Sacred Heart school on (Jueen's ave.;
and third, St. Mary's school, at the corntir of South and Maitland streets.
On January lil, 1874, the original school-house was burned. The
trustees oll'ered $100 for the conviction of the incendiary. The ele-
gant school buildings on Park avenue were comjileted in September,
LSS2, at a total cost of !if!l,(tOO, and opened l)y Head-master Hrown,
who, on November 6, 1888, resigned the jirincipalship after a service of
eighteen years. Peter Naven, of Ashfield, was em])loyed as his suc-
cessor. One of the departments of the Sacred Heart Convent is
devoted to the Sejiarate school of the Dundas street district. In 1888
a part of the new buildings was designed for separate school purposes.

The Enrjlwh Church in Canada — The early history of the English
Church in Canada is given very fully in former ])ages. Jiev. Mr.
Macintosh, of Kettle Creek, appears to have been the first minister of this
ilenoinination, who held services at or near London about 18:i7. In
18J9 Kev. E N. Boswell was placed over the district, and named the
parish St. Paul's ; and from his coming, to the ])resent time, there is
little ditticidty in finding out the material history of the church here,
much relating to its earlier years being narrattjd in the chapters referred
to above. Mr. Boswell's short term at Loudon was not attended with

298

IIISTOUY OF THK

such ])leiisur('s as would induce him to stay. In 18.'<2 Uov. Bciij.
(hdnyn caiui! from Ireland, and that year ho i)roa(!licd in tlio old
jjraininar school, court-hoiisi', dwidling, or, if yo>i phrase, a houac of-
all-work, yet st^mdinj,'. In 1834-5 a franit; Imildin;,' was conijjleted
wlieri! tho custoni-housi' now stands, frontin<,' on Queen's avenue ;
some years later an or^an was introduced, and in 184:! a hell placed in
the lielfry. All were destroyifd in the fire of Ash Wednesday, in
Fehrtiary, 1844. At that time the old Mechanics' Institute held its
place on the Coin't-houst! Square, and in it services were held until a
new houst! of worship could l)e completed. Among the leadini,' mem-
bers of the church in Loiuhm and neij^hhorhood in 1842-4 were Judj^e
H. Allen, H. V.. Allen, J. B. Allen, d. K Askin, H. (.!. K. Hecher, II.
t'hi.sholm, John Givens, (i. .1. Ooodhue, L. lijiwrason, Monsarrat, W.
Horton, .John Harris, W. W. .Street, Freeman Talhot, .lohn Wilson, (!.
S. (Jzouski, and others, whose names occur in many jjaj^es of this work.
They decided that the new edifice should he a large and commodious
oiu!, and not a frame like its predecessor. Many, if not all, the; bricks
n.sed in its construction were actiuilly burned in the present church-
yard. So rapid was the ])rogress made, that the ceremony of laying
the corner-stone was celebrated on June 24, 1844, St. John's Day.
The i)residinf,' clerical dignitary was 15i.shop Strachan, of Toronto ; for in
those days there was no Diocese of Huron. The ceremony was jier-
formed with Masonic honors. St. John's Lodge, No. 2()9(a), then the
only Masou'c lodge here, assembled at 1 p m. in their room in the old
Ilobin.Hon Hall, and, having l)een marshaled by the late \Vorshi])ful
Bro Nile.s, proceeded to the court-house l)uilding, from which, after
divine service by Kev. Mr. Cronyn, an imposing i)rocession was formed
and marched to St. Paul's clnnchyard, where tlie stone was duly laid.
Subsequently, the streets were paraded, and a Masonic banquet was
held at night. Samuel Peters used the trowel, the same wliich is held
by his son to-day. In 1845-6 St. Paul's church loomed up after plans
by Thonuis, of Toronto, and soon after a chime of bells was placed in
the new building.

St. Paul's Cathedral is a handsome, old-fashioned church, seating
about 1,400. The nave is 05 feet by 05 feet, with galleries. The
chancel is 40 feet by :>0 feet. The organ is a grand instrument, built
by Messrs. Warren, of Toronto, and put up in 1872. When the
Diocese of Huron was erected in 1857, the Rector, theltev. Dr. Cronyn,
was elected first Bishop, though for some years he still contiiuied
Rector of St. Paul's, but resigned in 1867, when the Rev. Dr. Hellmuth
was appointed. In consequence of the declining health of Bishop
Cronyn, Dr. Hellmuth was elected as Coadjutor Bishop, and succeeded
to the full charge of the diocese the same year, 1871, when the Rov.
Canon Innes was appointed ; this position he still continues to hold,
as Dean of the Cathedral. St. Paul's was consecrated by the Right
Rev. Maurice P. Baldwin, third BLshop of Huron, in 1884. It is a
well endowed chmch, and from its surplus revenues the several

COUNTY OK MIUUI-ESKX.

29!>

piiri'ilies of tlio city imd county receive assistance. Tlie followinj;
jiiirislii'H have been formed, and churches erected, from the orif^inal
jiiiiish of St. Paul's : — I'hri.st cliurcli, 1883; Memorial church, 1872;
St. John the Evanfjeli.st, built in 1888 by the parishionera of the Chap-
ter House, which was erected into an or^'anized j)arish in 1873; St.
(Icoijie'.s, London West, 1874; St, .James's, London South, 1875; and
St. Matthew's, London Kast, 1882. Amonj; those who at various times
otliciated as a.ssistant cler<;y in the clmrch, were the late Ucv. Mr,
liayly, for many years Hij,'h School head ma-ster, Ilev, H. H. O'Neil,
Ucv. .Mr. Ilayward, Kev. -lohn McLean, late Hishop of Saskatchewan,
Kev. v.. J. Lowe, Kev. Mr. Stari', Kev. S. H. KelIo^% Uev. J. G. Bay-
\y, Uev. J. Gemley, Kev. A. Hrown, and li. Hicks, jiresent cumte.
A. CJ. Smyth is an old time official about St. Paul's, liavin<^ been vestry
clerk continuouslv since about 1859. He was precedeii in that office
liy Wilson Mill.'* and W. J. 0. Meredith.

f'hrid Church. — Prior to 1862, when a mission embracing the
tlu! territory south of York strecit was established, with Ilev. (r. M.
Iinics in char<,'e, St. Paul's was the centre of Eiifj;lish Church worship.
This nii.ssion was founded in the Central School buildin>;. On week
nij,'lits, out-door servicer were held on the site of the jn'oposed church,
which had been jiresented by Bishop Crony n for that ])ur[)0se. An
itnuisinj,' incident is related of one of these services. In lieu of a
better stand, the missionary used to sjieak from the top of an old
hollow .stump, with a congregation of from (it) to 100 gathered about
(in the grass. On the occasion in question, some mi.schievous boys had
tilled the stump with dry leaves, which, in the middle of the sermon,
tliey contrived to set on fire. The preacher had speedily to descend
from his perch and seek a cooler atmosphere. Above the ashes of the
old sliuu]) arose the present ])ulpit. The building was consecrated by
Bishop Cronyn in 1803; and Col. Mollat collected funds that paid for
the tirst organ, and Kev. Mr. limes, who continued rector until 1865,
presented the communion table, chanct.'l chairs, and small oak font.
The second rector was the late Kev. James Smythe, who was in charge
mitil 1H76. In 1872 Kev. 11 Bayly was assistant, when the Kev. J.
W. P. Smith (now canon), previously rector of St. .lohn the Evange-
Hst, Strathroy, was ap]iointed. In connection with this church is the
Church of England Temperance Society and Band of Hope. The
church building was valued in 1872 at 87,000, and the parsonage at
$.",00(1 ; while in 1888 the total value is placed at *8,000. In 1872
the congregation numbered 600, and the communicants 100. The
building is well loaited on the corner of Wellington and Hill streets,
n The Memonal Chiirch. — This building was erected to the memory
of vhe late Kight Kev. Benjamin Cronyn, first Bishop of Huron,
through the liberality of his children, and was opened for j)ublic wor-
ship Dec. 13, 1873, declared free of all debt and encumbrance, and
consecrated by Bishop Hellrauth. The house, which occupies a fine
site on the corner of Queen's avenue and William street, ia noteworthy

300

lIlSTOIiV OK THK

amon<^ the edifices of Loiulon, not only because of its iii)poamnce, but
by reason of its associations. Tt is tlie monument of a great and
worthy pioneer. It is of Gothic architecture, built of white l)rick
faced with nnl, and heavily buttressed. The congregation had a begin-
ning in a small frame chapel on Adelaide street, whence they moved,
fifteen years ago, to the present building. The late Rev. W. H. Tilley,
who had been curate of St. I'aul's Church, was apjiointed first rector.
He laboreil zealously and successfully for upwards of three years, and
in 1877 removed to Toronto, and became assistant minister at tlie
Cathedral. Mr. Tilley was succeeded by the present rector, Ii(!V.
Canon Richardson. In 1879 the building was enlarged. In 1884 a
lot adjoining was purchased and the parsonage erected ; later the sex-
ton's house was added, making a property valued at about !?40,00().

St. •lohn's Chapel is named in 186."i, with Rev. Isaac Hellnnilh
and Rev. H. Hal])in in charge. In 18(16 Rev. W Wicks and Mr.
Ilalpiu had charge of this chapel and of Huron College. l!ev. I.
Brock came in I8tl8, with Mr. Halpin still assistant. In 1874 a chapel
bearing this title was opened on George street by Bishop Bedell, of
Ohio. This building was closed by Bishop Hellmuth in 1884, when
the congregation worshipped in the? Chapter House.

Church, of St. John the Evamjelid. — In October, 188(), Rev. Richard
G. Fowell was asked to become pastor of this congregation. He
accepted, and at once entered on the task of church building, and on
March 9, 1887, the corner-stone was placed. Later, this project was
pushed forward, the rector being assisted by Rev. I). Williams, with I.
Danks and Colonel Fisher, wardens. Rev. W. T. Hill, the present
rector, aided in the work which Mr. Fowell commenced, and soon the
church building on the corner of St. James and AV'ellington streets
was coni])leted, and opened in November, 1888. The property, when
the Sunday school room is completed, will have cost little short of
SI 3,000. The original .services in this parish were held in the Htu'on
College library until 1874, when St. John's Chajjcl, George street, was
opened.

The Chapter Hou.se, a quaint, solid, stone building, out on Rich
mond street, was designed by Bishop Hellmuth to form tha nucleus of
a cathedral, and was built in 1.374. The Chapter House contains the
oflices of the large and wealthy Diocese of Huron, with the Diocesan
archives and Synod records, which are in the charge of E. Baynes
Reed, secretary-treasurer and registrar, a position which he has held for
many years, and the duties of wiiich he discharges with marked altility
and great zeal. In the Chajiter House are held the meetings of the
Synod, and of the Executive and other sy nodical committees. In 1873
Very Rev. Dean Boomer had charge of the Chapter House. In lS7ii
he and Rev. W. F. Campbell presided. In 1879 Rev. P. B. DeLom
was curate, and in 1882 Rev. A. J. Golhner. The ministers since
1882 are named in connection with the college or with other churches.

St. James's Church. — The corner-stone of St. James's Church, on

COUN'J'Y OF MIDULKSKX.

.SOI

Askiii street, London South, was placed May 24, 1877, by the Bishop
(it lluvoii, IJevs. M. Boomer, J. W. Marsh and Evans Davis. The
huikiinjj comniittec were Henry Taylor, John Beattie, John Poi)e,
.lolin Un<,'lis G. S. Binell, Thomas Churchei', A. J. Moore, A.. Pontey,
(J. 1'^. Bryd<,'es, 0. M. Mayne and K. B. Hun<,'eiford, with architects
Tracy, Itobinson and Fairbairn. Story & A\'attam, masons, and A.
rimioni, carpenter, were the lefiding contractoi's. The building was
o])eiiod Nov. 18, that year. Ecv. Mr. Davis is still pastor.

St. Mdttheiv's Church. — This church was an outgrowth of St.
Luke's, which, for a time, existed on tlic Hamilton road, east of Itectory
street. In 1879 Itev. J. B. Richardson attended this church; in 1880
l.'ev. 11. Fletcher, and in 1882 the |)resent nan;e appears instead of St.
buke's, its former title. Rev. W. M. Seaborn is the ])resent minister.
The building is east of the fair grounds, on Dundas street.

St. George's Church. — This congregation dates back to 1874, when
l!ev. Evans Davis established a mission there in coimection with the
new ])arish of London South. A brick building was erected, which
lias since been used as a house of wor,- hip. Rev. C\. B. Sage is now
minister in charge.

The Church of England City Mission was established in 18(17, by
the Dean of Huron and Rev. J. Smythe.

All Sdintti' Ch(tpel. — The old brick Primitive Methodist Church
Iniilding, at the corner of Adelaide street and the Hamilton road, is now
iiu English mission in connection with the Memorial Church. Rev.
Canon Richardson is pastor, with the Rev. 0. H. Bridgman, assisting.

St. Ann's Chapel. — The corner stone of St. Ann's ( 'hapel, in con-
nection with the Hellmuth Ladies' College, was placed ]\Iay ;!0, 1877,
l)y Mrs. Hellmuth, to whom a trowel was presented by the teachers
and students of the college. The building was erected by Elms &Son,
ii'oui plans by Lloyd, of Detroit. Among the ministers connected with
college and cha}iel nuiy be named : — Reverends A. Sweatman and W.
A. Young, 18U!t ; V. Checkley, 1872. In 1880, Rev. C. B Guillemont
was i)astor of St. Ann's and Hellmuth Ladies' College, and he, with the
Itev H. Riener, in 1881 ; and Rev. E. N. English, in 1884.

Methodist Church. — This organization, in 1874, comprised the former
Wesleyans, Protestant or Primitive Methodists, and New Comiexion
Methodists. The lirst general conference of this church was hekl at
Toro!ito in Sejitember and October, 1874, and there London conference
was represented by forty-eight members, The statistics then j)resented
.showed 73,557 Wesleyans, 20,95(1 Methodists of Eastern P)riti.sh
America, and 7,4o0 New Connexion Methodi.sts, — or a total of 101,94t).
Ill 1N84, tlie union was strengthened by the admission of Epi.scopal
'.lethodists and Bible Christians.

Speaking of old-time churches, A G. Smyth says : — " The first
M(!tliiidist edifice was an old rough-cast building on Ridout street, near
where Mr. Weld lives, or old Mr. Hamilton's. — That must have been
away back about 1832. Two early ministers were Rev Mr. Stoney

302

HISTORY OF TIIK

and Rev. A. S. Newbeny. The next Methodist clinrch was <i frame
one on the corner of Kin" and Talbot, where Dulinage's Hotel after-
wards stood. James Odell and Capt. John Smyth, my father, who was
a great Methodist, were its chief promoters. I'll tell you whom I was
talking to the other day — Mr. Henry Hoots ; and, do you know, he put
up in that church the first ornamental piece of ceiling plaster ever seen iu
London. It was considered a wonder in those days. That church was
finally turned into a double dwelling, and afterwards becixme an hotel.
The Methodist jiarsonage of that day is standing yet on the east side of
Talbot street (No. ooO). Its a small white frame house. One of tlie
Byersons — John, I think — used to live there. In those days the
women sat alone on one side of the church and the men on the other,
like the sheep and the goats. After the Talbot Street Church, another
was built on the east side of Ilichmond. about opposite where the
Albion Restaurant now stands. Ultimately, the property was sold to
John Elson and Sanauel McBride, pre]iaratory to the building of the
North Street Church. Away back about that time a division occurred
among the Methodists, and the New Connexion people put up the
building which now forms part of Victoria Hall.

Queen's Avenue Methodist Church — In 1S2::! London Township
was set oil' as a circuit of the Wesleyan Church, with Robert ( ^orsou
in charge. In 1824-5 Edmund Stoney, who aame hither with the
Talbots, was here ; succeeded in 182G by Daniel McMullen and Matt.
Whiting. In 1827 John S. Huston was here alone ; in 1828-9, Mat-
thew Whiting; in 1830-1, John Bailey, with Messrs. De.an and Biggar,
assistants; John K. Williston came in 1832; John Beatty in 18;io;
Wm. Griffiths in 1834; David Wright, with Messrs. John Law and
John Flanagiin, in 18o5-6 ; Edmund Stoney, with Hugh Montgomery
and A. S. Newbury, in 1 837-8, and Adam Tainley, with Messrs. Steer
and Byers, in 1 839, when the house on King and Talbot streets wa,s
erected. Up to 1831 Methodists, like others, had few rights which the
law might respect ; but under the legislation of that year ministers of
that denomination showed their hands. The first meeting-house was
a small rough-cast building, 18x24, situated at the corner of Carling
and Ridout streets, many years afterwards built on by the Bank of
Montreal. This house was finished and opened for divine service
about the year 18;>3. There was no .settled minister here at tliat
time. London was merely a passing preaching place, wliere occa-
sionally a minister stayed over and held service. In 18.')9 the con-
gregation had increa.sed to a size that would warrant them to erect a
more commodious building. Accordingly, a neat frame chapel, about
30x40, was erected at the corner of King and Talbot streets, now used
as an hotel. London at that time became a station, and there were
regular .services held in the new church every Sabbath. This was
then the central church of a large circuit, of probably ten miles aroiuid.
The Willi.ses from the north, and the Beltons from the north-east,
made it their place of worship. Old Mr. Willis was the door-keeper at

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

30;^

the quarterly meetings. The most prominent members in 1840 to 1847
were the English family, old S(iuire Morrill, the Daltons, the McBride
family, Murray Anderson, etc., living in London or immediate vicinity.
In 1846, owing to the union of the Canadian and British Conferences,
the London congregation then came up to the church occujjied by
what was then known as the British Missionaries, and there continued
till the year 18r)4. The old building, a heavy frame, 40x6(1, plain
gothic, is now extinct ; and the stores of Messrs. McBriile's stove ware-
house, Taylor's bank and Mountjoy's store, Richmond street, now
flourish over the site.

The first preacher in this old church, was the Rev. Ephraim Evans,
afterwards Dr. Evans, who is still a hale and hearty old gentleman,
who located here as a superantuiated minister. In 1852, owing to
the crowded state of the Richmond street church, the trustees under-
took the erection of the large brick church which may now be seen on
the corner of Park and Queen's avenues, then known as the North
Street Methodist Church, but now Queen's Avenue Church. The lot
was bought from Anthony I'egler January l."!, 1852, for S700. On
April 1», Architect llodgins, of Toronto, was engfiged, receiving $100
premium for his plans. On June 2Gth the contract for excavation was
sold to VVm. Ellis for £:)9 15s.; and on January, 1853, that for brick
to Screaton & Grant ; for carpenter work to Geo. Watson ; for glazing
tn .John Bonser; and for plastering to AV. Tibbs. This .structure was
two years in building, and was opened with great pomp and ceremony
early in July, 1854. The size of this structure was 120x66, with
tower and steeple, and was at that time acknowledged to be the finest
church west of Great St. -Tames Street, Montreal. The trustees, or build-
ing committee, were ; Murray Anderson, Wm. ^IcBride, Samuel Mc-
Bride, Samuel Glass, John Elson, James Coyne, Samuel Screaton, Samuel
Peters, Geo. Tyas. The chairman was the Rev. Wm. Pollard, then
pastor ; the late Wm. McBride being secretary and ])residiug steward.
According to a minute in the secretary's books, Airs. Raymond was
engaged as organist in November, 185.");and in July, 1854, the trustees
fixed the yearly rental of pews, and decided to sell them by auction to-
the highest bidder. Samuel McBride received the important appoint-
ment of pew steward and collector of rents during the same month.
The time at length arrived when the all-important work drew to a
succi^ssful clo,se, and the church was opened for ])ublic worship on July
K), 1S54, the collections of the day amounting t^ £50 15s. Rev.
Dr. Evans, now in his eighty-sixth year, and actively engaged every
day ill cliarge of the head([uarters of the Western Ontario Bible
Society branch in this city, took one of the services on that memorable
occasiDii. Rev. Mr. Pollard, who was in charge during the building of
the edifice, left about the time of opening, or before, and was succeeded
by Kev. William Wilkinson. In the year 1856 came the Rev. J.
Bouse, and a couple of years later the Rev. Dr. Cooney, a remarkable
man in his way, as some of our readers may remember. , ^ St.

304

HISTOKY OF THE

Paul's ])oal of chimes were wont to ring out tlieir music across the
street while the Wesle^'un service was in ]irogress, and one morniiig
Dr. Cooiiey stopped to inform the congregation that the only pleasure
those bells ever gave him was wlu^n they stopped ringing. In ISGo
Rev, G. 11. Sanderson beciuue ])astor. After a continuous, active,
ministerial service of fifty-two years, he was suj)crannuated at the
London Conference of dune, 18S.S, held in the same old edifice, and he
is now, in his declining years a member of the congregation over
which, twenty-eight years ago, he presided as jiastor.

The Trustees in lS6l'-.'> were: Messrs. I'eters, Tyas, Abbott, S. and
\V. Mcl^ride, Screaton, Lawless, Prison, Garrett, A. Johnston, Ware, M.
Anderson and Leary. Passing on down to November, LS72, Messrs.
Tlios jMcCormick, Geo. Robinson and A. B. Powell were added to the
Trustee Board, and about that time the resolve was made to erect the
l)iick school-room in rear of the church, which cost some SI ;>,000, and
is now popularly known as Wesley Hall. In 1873 the old Methndisl
cemetery east of the city was .sold, and a new plot west of Petersville
having been ])urchased, the Mount Pleasant Cemetery C'om})auy, an
organization distinct from the church, was organized. In 0(;tober,
1874, the late Wm. McBride resigned the secretaryship of the Trustee
Board, and Ambrose B. Powell was chosen to fill the position, and lia,s
acted in tliat capacity ever since. Thos. Green, R. J. C. Dawson and
James P^aton were chosen trustees in 1874. 11. J. C. Dawson has
been recording steward since George Robinson resigned the position.
Among the incidents of 1878 was the resignation of Samuel Screaton
from the ]K)sition of choir leader, after a (juarter of a century's faitiiful
and valuable aid in the service of song. In the same year, Wm. Glass
was chosen a trustee in place of his father, Samuel Glass, deceased.
Among other worthies whom the church has lost by death were S.
Peters, Wm. McBride (drowned in the Victoria disaster), John Elsoii,
Geo. Tyas and Jas. Coyne. Messrs. John Green and Geo. C. Gibbons
were chosen trustees in 188;!. About the close of J880, imimrtant
improvements, destined to revolutionize the interior of the church,
coujjled with the introduction of a j?y,(lO() organ, built by Warren, of
Toronto, were resolved upon; and the next year saw all this accom-
plished before Augu.st, involving an outlay of some ijJLj.OOO. The
reopening services liegan on Aug. H, 1881, those taking part being Kev.
Leo. Gaelz, the new j»astor. Rev. Dr. Nelles, of Victoria College, and
others ; Dr. Verrinder, the organist, giving a concert at night. Ou
Aug. 7, Rev. Dr. Nelles and Rev. Dr. Hunter, then of Toronto, preach-
ed, and on Aug. 14, Rev. Wm. Williams and Rev. J. A. Murray.

In the introduction to the history of this church, all the ea 'y circuit
preachers are named from 1823 to LS.'l'.l. Their successors are now
"iven as follows: — James N orris, with Samuel Rise and William
Coleman, 1840; Rise and William Price in 1841; Edmund Sheidierd,
with M. Holtby, Jeflries and Lovell, assisting, 1842-4; E. M. Rversou,
1845; C. Lovell, 1840; E. Bothwell and Goodfellow, 1847; John

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

305

( iirioll, witli A. S. Byrne, S. S. Nelles and G. Young, 1848-50 ; Wm
I'dllimi, with Ames, Laivd and Pearson, assistants, 1851-3; H.
Wilkinson, with T. Stobbs, li. Creighton, J. L. Saniedy and J. E. Sand-
t'lsoii, 1854-5 ; John Douse, with James Preston, 1850-7 ; Robert
( aniey, with James Dixon and G. R. Sanderson, 1858-9. the latter
jiii'siding in 1860-1, with W. C. Henderson, assistant; Richard Jones,
with John Potts, 1802-4; James H. Bishop, with William J. Hunter,
18(35-7; James Elliott and William Briggs, 1868-70, E. M. CoUum,
assisting in last year; Dr. W". Jefl'ers and B. B. Keefer, 1871, and the
latter with James Hannon in 1872-;:{, when Mr. Keefer was succeeded
liy .1. J. Hare, assistant.

Under the union of 1874, the Methodist Church of Canada became
the title, with James Hannon in charge, and Messrs. Hale and T. J.
Keid, assistants. From 1875 to 1878, James Graham and William
Walsh attended this church; John Philp, 1878 81, while the membor-
sliiji was 200 ; Leonard Gaetz, with R J. Treleaven, assistant, 1881-4 ;
Daniel G. Sutherland, 1884-0, and J. G. Scott, 1887-8, now Secretary
(if London Conference. The present membership is 508, with 585
pupils in Sabbath School, which is superintended by J. F. Jellers and
li, .). C. Dawson. The stewards are Geo. Robinson, Thos. McCormick,
.lohn (ireen, William Glass, Alexander Johnson, H. H. Nelles and
li. J. C. Dawson.

Methodhst New Connexion Church. — This denomination, adapted
by the secessionists from John Wesley's doctrine in 1797, was estab-
lished in London Township in 1835. This branch of Methodism was
sugfiested by Alexander Kilham. It will be remembered that, in 1829,
tile Canadian Wesleyan Methodist Church was organized by Henry
Kyan and James Jackson, who seceded from the Canada Methodist
Ejiiscdpal Church. Soon after, the new faith took root in the Thames
valley. In 1841, a union between the Canadian Wesleyan Church
and the New Connexion Church of Canada East was formed, and the
name, Canadian Wesleyan Methodist New Connexion Church, adopted.
In 1S43, the Protestant Methodists of Eastern Canada were admitted,
and, in 1864, the title, The Methodist New Connexion Church in
Canada, was chosen.

London City Circuit of the Methodist New Connexion Church, was
set otV from London Township in 1850 (see history of London Town-
ship), with II. 0. Crofts and J. B. Kershaw, preachers. From 1851 to
ISlo, William McClure presided, with Barnet, Caswell and Savage,
assistants. Joseph Robinson was preacher-in-charge from 18.-)4 tf)
1H.")8, his assistants being Savage, Scott, Williams, Shaw and Leach,
•fohn Shuttleworth was here from 1859 to 1861, Leach and Holmes
assistiiii,'. .lames Caswell ministered alone in 1862-3 ; John Cleaver
andJ. K. Gundy in 1804; J. A. Miller and J. L. Wilkinson in
1865-0 ; J. C. Seymour and J. J. Lutze in 1866 ; David Savage,
I'^iOT-lt, with .1. T. Pitcher assisting the first year; George Richardson
alone in 1870-2, and George Buggin alone in 1873-4.

306

HISTOKY OK TIIK

WelliiKjton Street Methodwt Church. — This Church dates back to
187u. Upon the union of tl;o New Connexion Methodists witli tlu>
Wesleyans, the conj^regation, who had worshipped for a numhcr of
years in the old New Connexion Clmrcli, Clarence street (jmrt df
Victoria Hall), decided to vacate the old edifice and erect a church iiion^
in keei)in<? with their new condition. Under sucli circumstances, tiie
house now known as the Wellington Street Church had its origin. Tlie
old building on Clarence street was sold, and the net proceeds of the
sale devoted to the funds for the erection of the new. Oi)eratiiiiis
upon the edifice were immediately commenced, and in the spring of
187(3 the foundation-stone was ]»laced by John Macdonald, of Toronto,
and in December dedicated by J)r. Ives ; the cost of churcli and paisoii-
age being about $1 ."i.OOO. Among the first members were : — liev. Tlios.
Hadwin, Thomas Green, John McClary, Samuel Stewart, John Walson,
William Thomas, A. Westman, Thomas McCormick, llev. David IJyaii,
llev. E. Tucker and Leonard Hartlett. No extensive alterations liiive
taken place, and the edifice now stands as when first erected. Last
year the Young People's Society of the church devoted some $l,00i) to
a general renovation, and the building was elaborately frescoed iiud
painted, and additional comfort added to the furnishings. A lot at the
east end of the church has been aaiuired recently, in anticipation of
the need of increased accommodation, and the entire church property
is now valued in the neighborhood of $20,00(1. On the completion of
Methodist union, the congregation of the liible Christian ( 'hurch, that
formerly worshipped on Horton street, disbanded, some joining. The
church was established under its new name in 1875, with John Kay,
])astor, who had two ap])ointments and 131 members. Mr. Kay iiiul
James Watson were ministers in 1876, when the circuit claimed only
one appointment. George R. Sanderson, D. D., presided from 1877
to 187l>, and David Savage in 1880-2, the membershii) being 230.
At this time Thomas Hadwin, ]{. K. Tupper and D. Kyan were supor-
aimuated minister.s. John V. Smith presided in 1883-6. Dr. E. R
llyckman, the ])resent pastor, was appointed in 1886. The memhevsiiip
is about 300, while the Sabbath school, under William Yates, cliiinis
about .")()() scholars.

Pall Mall Street Church. — At a meeting held at IJev. Wni. Pol-
lard's parsonage, Sept. 17,1853, the minister pre,siding, with (u'or<;e
Fitzgerald secretary, it was decideil to buikl a frame house for wor,slii]i,
on St. James street, east of Waterloo, where John Raynor resiileii.
James Thompson was ajjpointed treasurer, with I'hos. Rarns, James
Thompson, Geo. Fitzgerald, James Railey, James Penn and Jolni
Gritliths as building committee. Among the first sukscribers to the
building fund were : — James Bailey, D. F. Ware, John (Jriffiths, Win.
Coad, Beuj. Dawson, William Gla.ss, William iiarker, Mr. Bennett,
John W. Carlin, Mrs. Van Zant, David Carter, Thomas Carlin, Ja.s.
Penn, George Fitzgerald, Mr. Bennett (.second), James Thonii)soii
and James Whiting. The contract for frame, plastering, &c., was sold

COUNTY OF MIUni.KSKX.

307

Kay,

\- iind

(illlv

1877
ig 230.

SUpiT-

K B.

)ei'sliip
cliuiiis

I'ol-

ii'sliip,
■silled,
James
John
to tlie
Win.
I'liiiett,
u, .las.
inpsou
as sold

to Williiiin Coad for £ilO; but ho was not to su])ply p>il]»it or pews,
as tliov were to lie taken from tlie IJichmond Street (Jliurcli. The
church was iluly opened on Jan. 21), l.S.')4, sermons l)einj,' ])reached by
J!ev. S. JJose, liev. Dr. Skinner and Jlov. W. Pollard. Services were
afterwards held there by Kevs. Wilkinson, Preston, and others. Di.saster
was ahead, liowevcir, for, in an excitin<,' municipal contest, the church
was .set fin fin; and destroyeil The School Trustees ji;rant(Hl tlie con-
i^rejiation the use of tlie old St. George's .sclwol, and in 18~)'.l, during
Uev. Dr. Cooney's time, stejis were taken to huilil the present brick
edifice on Pall Mall street. Among the trustetis at that time were E.
Bennett, 15. Dawson, John GriHith.s, Woodw.ard, P'itzgeraM, Holland
and il. Matthews. Here is a resolution that ajipears in the minutes
while th(! clnn-ch was going up : — " Moved l)y Bro. Fitzgerald, .seconded
liy Bro. Dawson, that we have the name in marl)le, ' We.sleyan Metho-
dist Cliurch, A.D. 18.")'.t,' the cost not to exceed eight dollars. — Carried."
The little slab is to be seen yet in tlie side of the church. The o])en-
iiig .service occurred iu November, 18.')!', sermons being delivered by
Rev. Mr. Musgrove and Itev. Mr. IJredin. Among those whose
names are variously associated with the church history were : — G. E.
Sanderson, Dr. Potts, 11. Jones (1863), J. H. Bishop, James Elliott,
.lanu'S Hannon, James Turner, J. Allan and W. Kettlewell.

Pall Mall Street Church was .set off from Queen's Avenue in 1875,
with Tlumias J. Iteid, minister; Jas. S. Ro,ss was pastor from 187() to
1878, Jo.sei)h M. Hodson, from 187i> to 1881; and Lewis W. Crew.s,
1882-4. Since the second union of 1884, the pulpit has been fdled by
L. W. Crews, F. H. Stacey, Wm. Godwin and E. B. Lanceley, the latter
now being minister in charge, with W. D. Buckle, secretary of quar-
terly meetings. The ]iroposed new church building, estimated to cost
1*12,0(10, is to stand on the corner of Colborne and Piccadilly streets.

Dundas Street, Centre Methodist Church — This church dates back to
185(i, when N. English, Geo. WeUster, Murray Anderson and L. Perrin
aided iu organizing a congregation away out east on the Dundas road.
That year, a lot situated on the corner of King and Adelaide streets was
purchased as the intended site for the e<lifice. The respon.se to the
building fund was, however, too meagre to allow of tlie erection, even
upon the smallest scixle ; and in the following year, to keep the spark
of life aglow, a small cottage! was taken on Adelaide street, at an
tannual rental of £1"), and utilized as a place of worship. The Rev.
John Dou.se was the first to occupy tlie pul])it. At the outset, the
effort to establish a congi'egation in the locality seemed as if it would
prove futile, and at a meeting of the trustees, held in September of the-
same year, pecuniary assistance and numerical support had ebbed so-
low tjiat it was decided to abandon the attempt, and sell the furniture
in order to realize the rent. On subsequent consideration, the resolu-
tion was rescinded, and more strenuous exertions tlecided upon. James
Preston succeeded 'Mr. Douse, then Dr. liooney ])reached here, followed
by (j. K. Sanderson. In 18(10, the lot purchased previously was called

aus

HISTOKY OF 'i'HK

into service, ami a frame structure, cajjableof sciatinj^ iJoO, was ereoteil.
Kevs. Richard .Jones, James liisliop, W. .1. Hunter and James Klliol
followed as j)astors in the order named, each remaininf; lor three years.
Ill 1H()",), in the second year of the yiastorate of Wm. Brigf^s, now in
charge of the Methodist Book-room, Toronto, the circuit had l)econic
so populous, that the erection of the present brick structure was decided
upon. Tiie corner stone was j)laced May 17, 18(111, at the corner of
Duiidas and Maitland, by Jveverends W. M. Punshon, President of
Conference, and Messrs. Elliot, Briggs, Bishop and Bredin. The cost
of the building was estinhated at §12,((0(). The contractors were Thos.
Green, Thos. iShort, J. W. ymyth, and Itichards & Hardy. The paint-
ing and glazing were contracted for by Kobt. Lcwi.s. Win. Watson was
the architect. The cost of the church and parsonage was about #20,-
000. The church was dedicated Ajail o, 1870. ' On Dec. lo, 1867,
the project was conceived at the house of Kev. J. H. Bi.shop, when
subscriptions, amounting to .'?2,U0O, were received. The trustees at the
time were : — Alex. Johnston, Anthony Keenleyside, Murray Anderson,
Isaac Webster, Geo. Burdett, John A. Nelles, John Green, Ed. Smith,
(ieo. Itobinson, Chas. Douthwaite, Thomas McCormick, Amos Bradford,
Obadiah Richards and K. Lewis. In the meantime, the sale of the old
fmme church had been effected to the Episcopalians, for $oOO. After-
w.ards, it passed into the hands of the Baptists.

In 1871, Rev. Alex. Langford was called as pastor, and he presided
here until the union of 1874.

The ])astors after the union were : — Wm. R. Parker, 1874-6 ; G. N.
A. F.T. Dickson, 1877-',I; James S.Ross, 1880-2, with Jo.seph H.
Robinson, superannuated; and Edward B. Ryckman, 1883-4. In this
year the church was known first as the Dundas Street Centre. Itov.
J. V. Smith took charge in 188G.

In the spring of 1887, large transepts were added to the east and
west of the church at a cost of some S6,000. The entire clinrch
property, at the present time, is valued at about S;iO,000 ; and liii'
edifice, since the addition of the transepts, will accommodate 1,200 to
l,oOO worshippers. The trustees of 1888 were Messrs. Dr. Ecclcs, K.
Lewis, Thos. A!c(,"ormick, ex- Aid. Wm. Bowman, Gilbert and .1. H.
Glass, Isaac Web.ster, W. Lewis, Frank Cooper, A. Bradford, A. Keen-
leyside, .1. G. and Geo. Shulf, G. Burdett, A. McBride, A. Johnston, J.
Green, G. Robinson, W. Plewes, W. Willis, J. A. Nelles, and Mr. C. J.
Beale, recording steward.

The Sunday school, under Mr. Birks, claims a membership of ihu,
■with ;!6 teachers.

Queen's Park Methodist Church. — Gn Dundas street east, not far
from the new Western Fair Ground.s, stands the Queen's Park Metho-
dist Church, of comparatively recent origin, and is now under the
pastorate of the Rev. E. Holmes. This was detached from Dundas
Street Church in 1877, called Dundas East, and placed in charge of
Geo. W. Calvert, in 1877-8; of James S. Ross in 1879; of Geo. K.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

30:>

Siuulersi»n in 1H80-2; luul of Goo. W. llenderann in lH8;i-4, when it
nn'oivt'il some luMitions by tlio union of that your. An nnauthonti-
oatt'd iiot<! says : — Loneion East was established as a Wcsleyan circuit
in 187.'>, witli WelIin<,'ton .Tellers, jiastor, the inemljershij) at that time
licint; sevcntc eu.

kiiiij l^lrert Mcthodlsf, Church. — Tliis church dates back to Decem-
ber, ]85'.i, when a builcbn;; was completed l)y the Primitive Methodists.
The (luestion of reiilacin^ the old church on Hill and (Jrey stre(!ts by a
new house on Kinj;, between VVelliiij,'ton and ('larence, was carried in
May, LSdo, and in Novend)er, ISt)."), the house was dedicated ity Uev.
Ilobert ^\ood, then su])crintendent of this district — K. 1. Walker
|iresentiii^ a silver communion service. W. Wade, dames Cassell,
W. Koliih, It. d. WalktM- and James J)aniels were associated as trus-
tees. The late Wm. Trebilcock was, also, lonj» prominently identified
with this con.ure.yation. The cost of erection was in the neighliorhood
(if SI1,0(K). The nu)re recent pastors have been Kev. Wm. Herrid{^e,
Rev. Eli Middleton, and the present able clerf,'yman, Kev. J. ilolmes,
who assumed charge two years ago. Messrs. df)hn Friend, ( 'has.
Thome, John Goodge, J. J. Mason, Frank Miller, W. (iray, E. Grenfel
and A. W. Spry, comprise the present Board of Tru.stees. Kxtensive
alterations in tlie interior, together with the addition of a large porch
at the entrance, are now in course of completion, at a cost of some
Sl,t)0(i. A gallery, horse-shoe shaped, has been erected, and other
improvements made. At one time the old .society worshijiped in a
small house adjoining the present WellingLon Street Church, which
was ultimately converted into a dwelling-house.

The Primitive Methodist Church, on Adelaidi! stre(>t and Hamilton
road, was comi)l(!ted, and dedicated on November lit, 1H7.'>. The frame,
H2x4(), cost SI, 200. This building is now tised by the English ('hurch
as a mission house, in coiniection with Memorial ("hurch.

Bible Christian,'!. — The l')ible Christian Church was represented
ill the London District in 1868 by E. lloVierts and \V. Hodnett. It
appears a house of worship was erected about that time, for, in February,
1873, it is recorded that the building was restored at aco.st of So,500, and
reopened. Their church in London East was dedicated Oct. lo, 1876,
by Kevs. E. lioberts and J. A. Murray. London ("entre Circuit was
established in 1878, with Kev. W. Quance iiastor. In 1881, Rev. W.
H. Butt took charge, under the union of 1 884 ; he is now presiding
]w,stor of the united Methodist churches of Glencoe. In 187'.», London
East Circuit of the Bible Christian Church was set oil', with G, H.
Copeland in charge. In 1882, L. W. Wickett succeeded as pastor, who
.served until the union of 1884. The church at the corner of Dundas
and Elizabeth streets is now in charge of Kev. S. G. Livingstone, of
the Methodist Church of Canada. The old Horton street building,
where the other congregation of Methodists used to worship, is now
occupied by building contractors.

MdhuiHdf EpiHcopal Church. — The history of Episcopalian Metho-

:uo

lilSTDUY OF THE

disiii is riij suiToundeil with nil (ithcr I'onus of tliiit donoininutioti, it is
«liflicult to ]i()iiit out its l)ej,'iniiin<;. Up to tliu porioil of Mr. Ilyan's
rebellion iii^iiiiist Amcricjiii Methoilisin, the Kpi.seii|iiil form was observed
here (182;]-S) uiid in Westminster (lSl(j-2S). The, first church-house
is said to liave been erected by the Wesleviin, Mr. Huston, on the site
of the present O'CalliiLjhan teri'aecs and, as he was stationed here in
in 1827-iS, that must have been tiie year of its buildin<;. Alter tiie tirst
(Jatholio (Jhuich was tinished, about 1834, the ^lethodist Episcopalians
claimed some ]ilaee of worship; but no one seiiUis to remember its
locjihty. Their church buildiii;^ on Colborne and North streets was
opened Au<,'ust 11, 1867. The cost of the building was S!;),(MI(). The
services were conducted by liishop Smith, father of llav. V. Snntli,
the ]iastor at that time. This was a frame Ijuildinj,', which was subse-
<|Uently n.sed as a roller-rink, and later as a dwellini,'-house. The
society next enjcted their brici; building; on Colborne and (.i)u(!eii's
avenue, wiiich, after the union (tf 1 H84, was used as an opera hou.se,
but later converted into a double brick dwelliuf^.

Hamilton Road Mefliixlht CInirch. — On the Hamilton road, just
west of Rectory street, is another branch of Methodism, in ehari,'(> of
the Key. S. J. Allin. This church formerly stood at the north end of
Park street, near the car-works ))ro[)(>i'ty, and was brought into exist-
ence by the IJev. Dr. .lell'ers. The building was afterwards moved to
the Hamilton road.

Colored Methodist Eidscopal Church. — This church building, now
a brick on Cirey street, ilates back over many yeiirs, the congregation,
early in the sixties, worshii)ping in a frame on Thames street, after-
wards [)urchased by Thos. Macnamara, and used as a residence. liev.
S, Peakeris the present Grey street pa.stoi'.

Catholic Church. — In the chapter of general history devoted to
church alfairs, the story of the introduction and growth of the church
in Canada is related, and its beginnings in the Erie peninsula described.
The first church erected was of logs, with an eartlien iloor, and stood at
the corner of Majjle and liichmomi streets, o))]iosite tlu; Huron Hotel.
It was begun in l.S.S;! and dedicated in 18.)4, llev. Father Downie,
then stationed at St. Thomas, olliciating. Later, Rev. Father l)em]),si.'y
officiated here, ecmiing at intervals from St Thomas. In 18") 1 was
begun the erection of the old brick cathedral, which was dedicated in
1852 by liishoj) l)e Charl)onnel, of Toronto. The log church was
burned Aug. 24, 1S."»1, and on that day mass was celebrated in a fnuiu'
building n.sed as the Town Hall, afterwards known as Ualkwill's Hotel,
at the cornel' of King street and Talbot, west of market s(piare. The
frame building on King street, known as the Univer.salist Church, was
then leased by the Catholics, and occupied by them until the opening of
their new place of worshi)). That old King street building has had a
varied history — fir.st a Universalist church, then a Catholic ])lace of
worshij), aiterwards a Congregational church, then Presbyterian, and
last of all it was used as a Salvation Army barracks until burned down

COUNTY OK MIDDLK8KX.

811

on JiUi. U"), 1S88. Services were held in the brick chinch for:?3 yiiiirs,
the fiiiewell seniion beiii<,' delivered by liishop Walsh on Sundiiy,
A]iril \'K 1S8."), on which occasion vespers was sung by the late Uev
Alj^r. Hniyere and Father Walsh; Fathers I )unphy, Coll'ey (then editor
(if tlie (Jiitholic Jiecurd), Tiernan and Kennedy, assistini,' in the
sanctuary.

Prior to the completion of the old lojj buildinj;, the services of the
clanvli were conducted in the few Catholic homes of the district round
the village, notice of the arrival of a priest bein<i; <i;enerally <,'iven to the
]UMi]iIe by Patrick Smith, John Cruickshank, lluf,'h Mc( 'ann, .las. Keid,
1111(1 Dennis O'lirien. Amon;; the first Catholic families in the town
well' the above named, to<,'ether with (larret Farrel, ('apt. McLoujjhlin,
A. ,Mc(Jausland, Patrick McLouohlin (who lived o])posite of where J. IJ.
Smyth's <;rocery store now is), J. Wil.son.J. O'Hyrne,.!. Wright, Patrick
O'Flyim (who was chief clerk in O'Brien's store). Flood, Peter Mc-
(.'ann, 'lolin Orange, Peter Keiniedy, M. Kiely, .John Martin, Dr. Alex.
Anderson, James Keid, John O'Brien, P. Burke, Edmund liurke, John
t'legg, \\'ni. Darby, P. Tierney, Wm. Dalton, Charles Colovin, Matthew
Colovin, E. Hillen, John M. Carey, John Walsh, R. Dinahan, P. Cleary,
Heiny O'Brien, P. Corbett, the McLean, Anderson, Dignan, Scanlan,
liruce, Milne, and Redmond families, and a few others referred to
hereafter.

Among the heads of families represented in the ba])tismal register
(jf 1S4;! — Rev. M. R. Mills, recorder — are the following: — Charles
Laniond, James Sinclair, John Fullerton, James Doyle, Charles Mc-
LdUghlin, Geo. E. Foster, Thomas Heenan, James Blighe, Charles
<'(il(|uhon, John Maguire, Patrick Judge, Th(jmas Brady, John Carley,
l\;liick Bobier, Cornelius Shea, James Briody, Thomas Hatton, Henry
Ostrander, John Teehan, Michael DeMeurs, Michael McDonald, Martin
Gre(!n, M. Finnegan (Jane Leutz and Mary Green, from the Baptist
Church), Maria, Harriet and Anne E. Bezzot, H. J, G. Forbes, Daniel
Coicoran, Wm. Flannagan and Felix McWilliams. The registry of
bS44 contains the natnes of Andrew Wigget, James Coleman, Michael
Mur]>hy, Anthony Case, James Casey, Cornelius Coghlan, John
Magin, John Tracy, Patrick McFadden, John McNeil, Wm. Hickey,
John Dowling, ('. Fisher, .lohn Langan, Dennis Donohue, Patrick
Byrne, James Morgan, Thomas Somers, M. Brougham, Wm. O'Connor,
Janii>s Kearns, John Dalrymple, .lames O'Ncil, Bernard Rielly, Daniel
O'Neil, Martin Rose and John Coveny. On -Ian. 12, 184"), Jos. Doyle,
son of Lawrence and Eliza (Philane) Doyle, was baptized. Among
oth(!r members of the church in 1845 were James Lynch, -Fohn Feeluin,
Win. Shaw, Dennis Regan, John Coghlan, Patrick Regan, .lohn Tray,
B McEnnilV, .lames Lynch, John Hcanlon, Thomas McCarthy, Bernard
SniitJi, Peter Mount, Thomas Moore, Patrick Brady, Wm. Hubbart, 0.
Coleman, .)ose])h O'Keefe, Arthur Lyons, H. Cstrander, Patrick .Fudge,
I>iiniel Coghlan, .Tames O'Neil, Patrick Sweeny, John Calcott, Jeremiah
Huggarty, Lawrence Eiirly, .lohn McVeigh, or McVey, and Edward
Million.

812

IIISTOUV OK THK

In SoptomlMiv, I.S43, Hisliop I'owfiia pri'sidcd at Ukj (Mdifinimtion of
MiU'V KiMoii, au'cd Ifi yi'urs ; Michael (Jroiiyii, aj,'e(l IT); Maij,'aivt
Flaiinanan, 17; Hridj^ot KIaiiiiaj,'aii, L'll; and Maif^aret Sullivan, 17
yoai's Tilt! cci'tduony was |)ci'fonni'd in tlio old cliurdi at St. Thomas.
Tho cluu'ch nH'ords aro signed hy Ituv. !'. O'Uwycr, Kohrnary 7, 1847.
In iMai'ch, 184',), Very llt'V..Iohn ( 'arroll, adniinistrator, visited London
and l)ai)tized the children of (Jhaih^s \V:dlis, Cronyn, M. l'iinniiii.'imiii,
James (iloason and Hdwanl Hrennan. Father Kirwan, who retjorded
these hiiptisni.s, took char<,'e of the London ])arish A])ril I'.i, 1.S40.
Anion^ the I'aniily names on the records of this year are ( !harl(vs iiml
Edward Collovin, Thomas MciCann, liarlholoinew KLtan, iliiihard Kisher,
Terrence MoAidille, John Scanlon, Thomas K'yan, Timothy (Jlee.soii,
Patrick Kenny, I'anl Kcicnan, .John Tomline, Stejihen Daly, dames
Morrison, William ( 'orhett, Huj,'li Mara and I'eter AlcCann. in IS.'il)
the followinji-named converts were received by Dean Kirwan: — Win.
Thomjwon, the Widow Scott and Widow Mc(."onna; in ISol, Ale.x.
Lyon.s, Mrs. McNally, John (Jordon, Mr.s. Anne Forbes, Thomas liiit-
ler and Isabella Da<.'t;. Tiie same year Jtov. J. D. Ilyan received the
foUowinf,' named : — Gerald Fitz,i,'erald, Mr.s. Adeline Burn.s, Henry
Hrownstead, Mary Fortier, .John O'H. Ward, Eunice A. Snow; in
1852, Annie FiUiott, Marj^aret McCarthy, Isalxdla Mclican, James
Welds, James Vincent, Annie O. Gorman and Frances Hall. In IH'il
Bishop De Charboinud held conlirniation services at London. liis
second and third visit.s, March, 1802, and February, 185o, v,'vav. also
made for the ])uri)o.se of administering,' that sacrament. Dean Kirwan
was transferred to another mi.s,sion in June, IS.")!), on the arrival of
liishop Pin.sonneault. In 18ri4 Kev. I', Crinnon was jiriest at London.
In ISfil) the marria<;e and baptismal records are signed by lU'.v. K.
Jiayard and liev. A. Musard ; in ISH? by Rev. Joseph i). Iiayard,
Itev. 0. Trochon, Key. liobert Kcdcher; in ISoX, aj^ain by tlm tir.><t-
named priests, with llevs. M. J. Lynch and James .Muri)hy; and, in
18(10-1, by lievs. Jose])h Iiayard, James Quinlan and Jo.seph Gerard.
In Novendjer, lH'i7, the use of the Town Hall was <,n'anted to the
ladies of the Catholic Church by the Council for benevolent ])iU'poses,
when a bazaar, or fair, for the betiefit of the church was held. From
18t)l to 1868 the Dominican Fathers liad charge of the parish, with
Kev. R. Rockford, Sujjerior. He was created Vicar-General in ISlii^.
The community here was represented by Revs. M. A. O'lhien, H. ?.
Rali)h, J. B. HallLsy ; in 1863, D. A. O'Brien, J. M. Heaney, J. !'..
McGovern ; in 1864, W. ¥. Henrion and S. Ryan, with Fathers Byrne
and Kelly. On November 13, 1867, Bishop Walsh was received
at London, while en route to Sandwich. In 1868 the new bishop
re-established the Diocesan See at London, and came to reside here,
Rev. C. F. Crimion being Vicar-General.

In 1868, Venerable J. M. Bruyere, V. G., came from Sandwich
Avith the new Bishop ; and Rev. J. \V. White and Rev. P. Stone, .secre-
tary of the diocese, were here in 1871. In 1872, Rev. N. Gahau and

COUNTY OK MlliPl.KSKX.

11 ;i

Hcv. I'>. Wiittcis, took tilt! pianos of tint lust t\V(( iiuiiit'd jiricsts. In
IS?:!, ltcvi'i(!ii(is K. \\ Kilroy, II. M. I.<it/, iiiul V. Coivoiiiii wc'rc
assistant I iiiitslH III tlic catlicdriil. In llSTH, ilt'V, (). Nui'lliHi'iivcs was
.s(!('n'tiiry of tlui diociisi!. witli Ki'vs .1. Hri(' and I,. A. Wassi-rcaii,
assistant jiricsls. In IS7H, Itcv. M.Ticnian look Fiitlicr Noitli^'nivns's
j,l;uH' as sccirlurv, wliilc Kuv. M. Dillon and Katlicr Nortlif^'nivcs with
M(insi<,'noi' Urnyt'ic! were also jiricsts at tin; catlii'dral. In IHSO, Ki-v.
1'. Kcvon WHS secictaiy ; Kev. M. J. Ticrnan, ntctor, and Uov. M. F.
O'MaluuKiy, assistant priest. Sinon that tinio, Father Tiernan has
l)ccn apjMiintc'd secretary; and he with Fathers Mni^an, Walsh and
Keiineily, are the jprit^sts of the cathedral at the present time, and they
also attend St. ^iary's chnreh, Hill street, a chapel at Mt. Hope
Asylum, and the new ohajiel in connection with Sacred Heart Academy.
Tii(( Cath(Mlral hnildinj,' was bes^un duly 1, ISSO, after jdans by
Architect Connolly, of Toronto. It adjoins the site of the old church
on Kichinond .street, the main entrance facin<,' southward; and plans
show a nave, aish^s and transejits, choir or chancel, cha])els, ba|)tistei'y
towers, .sacristy and morning clia|iel. The lenj,'th of the interior is 180
feel; lireadth about 08 feet; breadth across tran.sept over IDO feet;
height from the ground to rid^e of main ro(jf 88 fe(!t ; and each imposinj;
tower, with its spire, alxiut 21") feet. The stylo of architectiu'e adopted
is tliat of the early French ]H!riod, in which many of the <,'randest
nicdia'val cathedrals were desii^Mied and completed. Mr. Connolly
succeeded in combining beauty of detail with maj(!stic proportions, and
richness of finish with a stately interior, the adortnuents of whicli are
rare and co.stly marbles ; ,nd beautiful ])ictur(is, the vaulted roof being
suppoiUfd by a massive ilouble row of ])olished i,n'anit(! columns The
contractors whose tenders were accepted art; iis follows : — Thos. (JreiMi
& Co., car])enterin<f, #18,01)0 ; MclJride & Hoyd, galvanized iron and tin
work, .^a,(100 ; A. S.Corp, painting and glazing, S;'.,020 ; George Riddle,
slating, .*n1,.")00; Gould & Stratfold, plastering, i?l,'.l'.l.'), and Drew, of
Clinton, brick and stone work, !i?52,HOO. The corner-stone was placed
May T2, 1881. Among the clergy jn'esent were :— .Archbi.sho]) Lynch,
of Toronto; Bishop (Jrinnon, of Hamilton ; Hi.shop damot, of Sare])ta ;
Bisho]) O'Mahoney, of Toronto; Hisliop Cleary, of Iving.ston ; Risho]*
Walsh, of London ; Kight Rev. Mgr. l.ruyere, of the Cathedral, Lon-
don ; Very Ecv. Father ViTicent, Vicar-General of Toronto Diocese
and Provincial of the Basilian Fatliers ; Very Kev. Father Heenaii,
Vicar-General, Diocese of Hamilton ; Very Itev. F'ather Williams, O.
S. F., Chatham ; Very Rev. Dean Wagner, of Windsor ; Very Kev.
B. 0'( 'omior, President of Assum])tion ( 'olleg(! ; Verv Kev. Dean
Murphy, of Iri.sli Town; Kev. Dr. Kilroy, of Stratford ; Kev. John
Brciuian, P. P., Picton ; Kev. J. Quirk, P. P , Hastings ; Kev. John F.
(.'oiley, P P., Almonte ; Kev. Father Kellv, Sec. to Bi.shop Cleary ;
Rev. W. Flannery, P. P., St. Thomas ; P. lifennan. P. P., St. Mary's ;
F. .1. Ouellette, Maidstone; Jo.seph Bavard, Sarnia ; Jo.seph Ger.ird,
Belle Kiver; J. Connolly, P. P., Biddulph; J. Molphy, P. P.. Strath-

314

HISTORY OF THE

voy ; J. Carlin, P. P., Woodstock ; B. lioubat, P. P., InjTersoll, to},'ether
witli the local clergy. The Cathedral was dedicfited June 28, 1885, hy
the Venerable Bishop, Archbishop Lynch also being jmjsent, together
with Hishops O'Mahoney, Janiot, Carberry and Cleary. The sermon
was delivered by Bishop Mct^uaid, of Rochester, N. Y , Bishop O'Far-
rell, of Trenton, N. J., occupying the {)ulpit at night. Tlie s])ires have
not yet been constructed, although a number of the Bishop's fellow-
citizens of other religious denominations oB'ered to build one should
the congregation build the other one.

Prcsbi/feriaii, Chureli. — In the chapter of the general history
devoted to the establishment of religious associations, references are
made to the beginnings of Presbyterianism at London, and the names of
ministers who were allowed to perform the marriage ceremony as well
as (hose of men and women they joined in matrimony. In Jan., LS.dO,
Alex. Ivoss of the congregation of the ( 'hurcli of Scotland, took the oath
of allegiance, and was authorized to celebrate marriages. Tlie follow-
ing year he was the only legal Presbyterian minister in the whole
disti'ict, while Mr. Gale held a similar position in the western district.
A few viars later the act of IS.'U began to bear fruit, and Presby-
terianism ap])eared among tiie harvesters.

Sf. Andreic'ii Presbi/iei-'KUi Clnirch. — The history of St. Andrew's
Presbyterian Cliurch, as prej)ared by Rev. John Scott, May 25, 1868,
points out that up to 18;io the Presbyterians of London regarded
them.?elves as belonging to the Cinu'ch of Scotland. In that year they
began to form a distinct society, and received preaching from Irish,
English and Scotch missionaries, as well as neighboring ministers mid
.students, until 1850. As many of those who joined the new church
resided in the Hyde Piirk neighborhood, services were held in tlie old
school house there frequently ; while the grammar school, court-house,
United Presbyterian Ohurch, then on York sti'eet, and the ( 'ongrega-
tional Church, then on Richmond street, were used at London. The
Rev. Mr. ^liller was the ])ioneer preacher of ISIJS. He was shortly
after drowned in the liay of Fundy. Dr. Bayne, of Gait ; Dr. John
Bonar, of the Free Church ; Mair, of Fergus ; and Gale and Koblt, of
Hamilton, all decea.sed in 18G8, were among the early ])reachers here.
Among the old ministers living in 18(18 were: — Messrs. Donald Mc-
Kenzie, of Zorra ; Allen, of Xortheasthope ; McMillan, of Lobo ; Graham,
of Edgemondville ; and Meldrum, of Harrington. Among the mission-
aries from Scotland were Messrs. Commerville, of Glasgow ; Fraser, of
Kirkhill ; McLachlin, of Edinburgh; and McGillivray, of Aberdeen.
• Dr. Robert liurns, of Toronto, jireached here once in 1845, and once
in 18-H); and Dr. Willis in 1849. Rev. Wni. Burn.s, later in China,
preached here in the summer of 1846. For a few years prior to 1850,
the pulpit was supplied by young men, such as Sutherland, of Kkfrid,
McColl, of (Jhatham, McPherson, of Stratford, McPherson, of Wil-
liams, and Fraser, who was in Scotland in 18(18.

In Ajiril, 1842, a lot for church and cemetery purposes wiia

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

315

obtainiHl from the Crown, and a moetinj:; was called to consider the
uses of such grant. Mr. Findlay, missionary, was present. Duncan
Mackenzie presided. A committee — composed of John ^litchie, .fohii
Binel!, Thomas Kerr, Wm. .McMillan, Wm. Clark, James McLaren,
.hinies and Charles Grant — was appointed to superintend the erection
(if a house of worsiiip, and as a result, on Oct. 12, 1842, a contract for
a frame building, 4.1 x (iO feet, was sold to Alex. ^IcDonald for £500,
and the foundation-stone ph.ced by Duncan Mackenzie. Wm. Mc-
Killican, then minister at St. Thomas, preached. This building was
opened the tirst Sunday in September, 1843, by lie vs. Donald Mac-
kenzie, Duncan McMillan and Robert Lindsay. Two weeks later a
.Sabbath .school of 21 pupils was inaugurated. On Sei)tember 29,
Alex, lioss, John Mitchie, Wm. Clark, James McLaren and Andrew
McCormick were elected elders, the church was organized, and the first
communion service held by Revs. Mackenzie and McMillan in Novem-
ber, 1S43.

The di.sruy)tion of the Church of Scotland and the division in the
Priisbyteriau Church of Canada, led to a meeting here September 10,
1844, when all, save one member, declared adiierence to the Free
Church of Scotland. In 1844, John Fraser, agent of the Montreal
bank, came to reside here. He, being an oixlained elder, caiTied on
services in English and Gaelic for years in Wm. Clark's house on
Xrirth street. On October 1(1, 18.")0, Rev. .lohn Scott was inducted
the first pastor of St. Andrew's. At this time there were 11.1 com-
municants, increased to 410, May 25, 18(>8. The corner-stone of the
now St. Andrew's church, Nortli and Waterloo streets, was ])laced
May 'I'l, 1868, by Rev. .John Scott, pastor, assisted by Rev. Donald
Mackenzie, of Zorra. The elders were: — Wm. Clark, \\'m. Hegg,
Charles (Trant, James ^IcWilliams, and James T. IJoyd. Trustees —
•lolin liirrell, Wm. Begg, Geo. M. Gunn, John J. Mackenzie, John G.
Mcintosh, Daniel Lester, and John Ross. Trersurer — Wm. Hegg.
Deacons and Managers — John Birrell, Robert Ttioore, Daniel Lester,
J. G. Mcintosh, Edward Rowland, .Tanu;s Ander,son, John Tytler, A.
■I. Vr. Henderson, Andrew Thomi)S()n, Tiioinas McCracken, James Gil-
lean, John Ross, A. Davidson, and Duif Cameron.

The cost of tliis edifice was more than 827,000, which the congre-
gation clieerfully paid, .and it was not long until the church was free
from debt. Among the most liberal contributors to the building fund
were the following: — John Hirrell, $(500; William Hegg, Alexander
Campbell, $2W: Andrew Chi.sholm, S.'idO; John Cami)bell, $UA);
David Bngue, Joini M. Burns, Tiiomas I^rowne and W. H. liirrell,
!:?lini each; Ewen Cameron, i$120: John Cousin.s, William Clark,
Duncan Camiibell, *100 each; James Durand, R. S. T. Davidson,
8-'0O; David Denham, SI 00; William Durand, SI 00; John Elliott,
S:^iiO ; .1. H. Eraser, 81 00 ; William Gordon, *800 ; G. .M. Gunn, 1S200 ;
Alex. Gauld, .•?200 ; James Glen, 8200; Alex. Graham, S200 ; A.J.
0. Henderson, .8200; W. Kent, 8400; Daniel Lester, 8200; Mrs.

;U6

UlsrOHY OF THE

Lyle (Now York), SlOO ; Mr. Lniin (Moiitroal), $100; Mrs. Mitcliic,
SlOO ; R. S. Murray, S-'0(t ; J. G. Mcintosh, iJGOO : Alex. Mcliitosli,'
$300; Joseph McKay & Bro,$lOO; Thomas McCracken, $100 ; Joliii
lioss, $125; Edward litjwlaiid, $125; Warren Rock, $100; A. M.
Ross, $100; Hn<i;li Stevenson, $200; John Stewart, $100; William
Stephenson & Co., $100 ; and Rev. John Scott, $125.

In tlie early part of 1S75, Rev. Mr. Scott resi<i;njd, and for tiie
followina; months various ministers were invited to fill the ])ul]iit.
After hearing tlie Rev. J. A. Muriay the congregation gave him a
unanimous call, and he commenced his duties late in the year. Under
him tlie church's prosperity has continued, and to-day he has out; of
the finest congi'egations in Canada. The collection plate has heeii
abolished, and the pews have been made free ; a fine new organ uiid
excellent choir have been added ; and to-day in St. Andrew's Church
the Word of God is literally free to all in every sense of the word.
The Roard of Trustees at present comprises Messrs. J. G. Mcintosh,
Daniel Lester, John Ferguson, Dr. Fraser, John Elliott, and H. E.
Nelles. Mr. Alex. Mcintosh is the energetic secretary and treasurer;
and the Board of Managers for the current year comprises 1).
McDonald, D. Denhani, D. Fraser, A. G. Chisholm, Dr. ^lacarthur,
Thonuis Muir, C. McC.'allum, James McSween, Thomas Bryan and
.lames Mills. The Board of Cemetery Trustees consists of A. J. G.
Henderson, William Gordon, R. S. ]\Iurray and D. Denham.

First PreHhytHvkm Church. — The First Presbyterian congregation,
■wor.shipping in the church at the corner of Park and Duil'erin aveiuie.s,
was so designated because it was 'ie first congregation in ccuuicction
with the Scottish United Presbyterian Church, formed in what was
called U])per and Lower Canada. It is one of the oldest congregation.?
in this city, having been started in September, 1 S.')2. Its frame church,
erected a few years afterwards, was situated on the lot on York street
in the rear of the Tecuraseh House, which was then covered with the
primeval forest. The congi'egation embraced, also, what are now the
congregations of North and South Westminster, Dorchester and Soutii
Nissouri, not to mention fractions of other congregations. Between
th(! years lS5!-5, these four congregations were disjoined from it, and
erected into independent congregations. The secession of these con-
gregations, which was due to the large area occupied by the original
congregation, reduced it to one-third of its former strength. This,
although geogra])hically necessary, was prematurely done. In Decem-
ber, 1.S59, the frame church was burned. The jiresent church was
erected the following year. During the last 25 years improvements
have been made in the church, including the erection of a gallery,
an organ, a large lecture hall and Sabbath school, class-rooms and
internal decorations, costing about $10,000. The revenue of the con-
gregation this year, including $1,000 spent on decorations, will, it
is expected, exceed $5,000, exclusive of bequests or donations from
any external source whatever. This is three times as much as it was a

COUNTV OK Mll)DI,KSKX.

317

(lUiuter of a century a<i;o. The first jiastor, who was also the founder
of it, and of very many others, was the late liev. W. Proudfoot, who
was pioneer missionary and jirofessor of theology to the late United
Presbyterian C'iiurch in Canada. The present pastor, . I ohn J. A. Proud-
foot, 1). I)., succeeded his father in the spring of 1851. He, like his
fatlier, spent much of his tiine in missionary and professorial work.
For 25 years, partly previous and partly subsequent to the union of the
Free and United Presbyterian Ghuches in 1861, he was convener and
secretary of the Home M ission (Jominittee, which had for its sphere at
one time a large part of Western Ontario. He had also been lecturer
in pastoral theology, church government and homiletics in Knox
College, Toronto, for twenty-two years. The first organ used in a
Presbyterian church in London was that introduced into Mr. Proudfoot's
church in 187-

The first meeting of the new London Presbytery was held in this
church in Se})tember succeeding the establishment of such Presbytery.
Among those present were: — Revs. Dr. Proudfoot, J. Kennie, M.
Fraser, J. K. Wright, Geo. Cuthbertson (Sarnia Presbytery), A. Hen-
derson, .1. M. Munro, A. IJeamer, J. Wells (Sarnia Presbytery), F.
Bidlantyne, M. A., L. ("ameron, N. McKinnon, K. McDonald, W. A.
Sutherland, John M. Morris, D. B. Whimster, Hugh Cameron, .1.
Johnson. D. Stewart, D. McGillivray, J. Stewart, D. Mann, and Geo.
Sutherland. Elders — Messrs. Jas. Shields, A, Sutherland, Thos Gor-
don, Wm. Brown, Adam Murray, Jas. Bell, D. Turner, A. McMillan,
D. K. McKenzie, James Scott, D. ^IcNair, Neil Munro and James
Douglas.

St. James's Presbyterian Church was erected in the year 18(50, on
liuid given by the Government to the church. The site occupied by
St. Andrew's was originally given by the Government to the Prcsby-
ttrians, but the Free (,'hurch was established fir.st and took possession.
The body known as the Presbyterian Church, in connection with the
Church of Scotland, commonly known as the Old Kirk, did not become
strong in any degree until the fifties. Then they laid claim to the St.
Andrew's property, and the Crown, to settle the dispute, presented
tliem with the gore of land lying between Clarence street (now Park
avenue) and Richmond street. This was in 185!). Before that, for
years, tlie congregation had been worshipping in the old Mechanics'
Institute, on Talbot street. Then the Rev. Francis Nichol was per-
manently located here in 1858, and by I860 had the congregation
sufhciently worked up to undertake the building of the edifice now
known as St. James's. The corner-stone was laid with Masonic honors
on the Queen's bnthday, 18(i0,* and (he church was duly opened in
February, 1861. The original board of trustees comprised Rev. Francis
N'iohol, the pastor, George ALicheth, Alex. McArthur, James Dunbar,
William Chalmers, James (,'owau, Duncan Mackenzie and John

A fonlcmporary record Klves September 9, 1850.

318

HISTOliY OF TlIK

Mackenzie. Of these eight, James Cowan is the only one whoisalivi;
to-day. Aniono other prominent supjwrters of the chnvcli at that
time, too, were the late Judge Daniels, William ^Inir, Daniel Macfic,
Andrew Cleghorn, and others, liov. Mr. Nichol was succeeded alumt
1868 by the Kev. Mr. (Jamijblon, who remained for a number of y(;ar.s.
The union took ])lace in 1875, and then the memoraVjle split in the
congregation followed, when .St. Jame.s's received a blow from whicli it
is only now recovering. The church was locked U]) by the manau'cr.-?,
James Dunbar and .lohn Bailey, who procured new locks. On Sunday,
December 20, 187."), a few anti-unionists, Messr.s. Wright, Dmilmr,
and liailey, were present to watch proceedings. James Cowan, .hihn
Woods and Daniel ilacfie, trustees, and Mr. Moncrielf, arrived, visited
Hev. Mr. Gordon at the manse ; and, returning to the church, askiid
for the keys, which Mr, Dunbar refused. \V. H. Ironsides oU'ered to
open the doors by force, if so instructed by the trustees; but they jire-
ferred to wait, and so Sunday .services were held in the manse.

The Auld Kirk congregation opened their new hou.se of worship
Augu.st 27, 187<i. Part of the congregation refused to go into the
union, and part wanted to go. The non-unionists claimed the pro-
perty, having a majority, and a lawsuit followed, with the result tliat
the party of union won. The dissidents subsequently bought the old
Congregational Church property, on King street, which afterwards
became the Salvation Army barracks, and worshipped under the
pastorate of Eev. Mr. Galbraith there for a few years, until they
dissolved. Mr, Galbraith suhsequently went to the West Indies as a
missionarj', and died there. During the last few years, under tlie
pastorate of licv. Mr. McGillivray, St. James's Church has materially
recovered, and is once again showing signs of prosperity.

Kiny Street Presbyterian Church. — The large brick edifice, called
the King Street Presbyterian Church, was established by the meniliers
of that body living in the east end about 1876. St. Andrew's might
justly be termed tlie imrent of the east end congregation, and she ha.s
every right to be proud of her ott'spriug. When the Presbyterians, of
what was then called London East, found themselves strong enougii to
build, they resolved to put up a substantial brick edifice, cajiable of
accommodating a greatly increased congregation in years to coiue.
Having com])leted the church, they next looked around for a capal)le
head, and their choice fell upon liev. Mr. Wright. Mr. Wright was
one of the best pastors who ever had charge of a congregation, and
\inder him the church prospered exceedingly. When finally he resolved
to go abroad as a missionary, the news was received with feelings of
the ileepest regret by his many friends in London. He was succeeded
by Hev. W. M. Roger, the present pastor, who received a unainmous
call to the pulpit, and has proved himself a fit successor to Mr. Wrii^ht.

Congre(jational Church. — Kev. Wm. Clarke settled at London in
June, 1837, and preached to the Congregationalists in the old Gram-
mar school, near the c:jurt-house, or in Odell's school building, until a

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

319

honse of worship was built wliere the Free Press office stands in later
days. He died at Dresdeii, Ont., in April, 1878. In the be<^inning
of i8:!8, thej' worshijjped in a large room on Dundas street, ])laced at
their disposal by a Air. Farr. Soon afterward, a chajjel was erected on
Kiciiuiond street, a short distance north of Dundas. Mr. (,'larke
resigned at the end of I H42, and was succeeded by Edward Eljbs in
August, 184."!, who resigned in September, 1847. John Diu'rant,
fatlier of Mrs. E. Itaynion(', .succeeded in December, 1847, ami VV. F.
Clarke, jr., was appointed in 1849. Subsequent pastors were Mr lioyd,
Clia.=!. P. AVatson, J. A. II. Dickson, more recently of the I'resbyterian
Church, Gait. H. W. Wallace followed in 1874, and, under his pas-
torate, the new church was built. Between the time the congregation
ceased to occupy the church on Richmond street and the erection of
tlie ])reaent structiu'c, their church was the frame building on the
north side of King street, near Wellington, afterwards occujtied by the
Presbyterians, and, last of all, used as a Salvation Army barracks. The
prosent pastor of the Congregational Church is the Rev. H. D. Hunter,
who came in -lanuary, 1881. The present church building was erected
on the lands pm-chased from Thomas Scatcherd. It was opened on
August L'7, 1870. Dr. Ebby, of Detroit, and .1. H. Robinson preach-
ing the dedication sermon ; the foundation-stone having been laid the
year previous by the then Mayor, li. Cronyji. Ample in its jmjpor-
tions, novel in architectural de.sign, and attractive in its adornments,
ihe First Congregational Church occupies a particularly fine site on the
south side of Dundas street, midway between Waterloo and Colborne
streets. Many of the finst member.s of the society find mention in the
general cha])ter on churches.

The Baptist Church. — The early history of this church in Middle-
sex is related in the general history of the county, where many of its
early ministers and members find mention. The first i>a])tist services
in London are said to have been held in 1844, in the old Mechanics*
Institute structure, on the court-hou.se grounds. With occasional
sermons from visiting ministers, the meetings were continued imtil
184('), when "The Regular I*a{)tist Church of London " was organized
with nine members — VVm. Wakeling and wife, J. H. Haines and wife,
Lieut. Allright and wife, James Kitchens and wife, and Mrs. Henry
Groves. Ujmn the church being formed, .services were held in the old
Methodist Chv.rch, at the corner of King and Talbot streets, and tin,'
first pastor was the Rev. .las. Inglis. In the year 18o(), the congrega-
tion took pos.session of the church at the corner of York and Talliot
streets, where they worshi]iped for some thirty -one years, tin; mime
"York Street Baptist Church" being adopted in 1 877. The congregation
gi'ew in numbers and pros])ered, until a larger and more pretentious i)laee
of wjrshij) became necessary, and, under the pastorate of the Rev. A.
Gmnt, a connnodious brick building, decidedly attractive in appearance,
was erected on the west side of Talbot, between Ma))le anil Kent
streets. This was in 1882. On Dec. 4, 1881, the last .services were

■A-IO

HISTOKY OF THK

held ill the York Street (Jhurch. Some years ago, through the unselfish
labors of several members of the Talbot Street Church, a mission school
was established in the north-eastern part of the city, where a large
])0]iulation was growing up without adequate Sunday school or church
privileges. The building used is on the north side of St. James struct,
near Adelaide.

The successor of Mr. Inglis was the Rev. Ifobert Boyd, for five
years ; Rev. Charles Cam))bell, one and a-half years ; Rev. W. AUiiig-
ton, four years ; Rev. Thomas Ure, three years ; Rev. Hemy Watts,
two years ; Rev. James Cooper, 1). 1)., fourteen years : he died in
Scotland in 1 883 ; Rev. James R. Montgomery (co-pastor), two years ;
Rev. A. Grant, now .-superintendent of missions, five and a-half years;
and Rev. W. H. Porter, the present pastor, since May, 1885.

Adelaide Street Baptist Church. — This church owes its origin to a
mi.ssion in.stituted by members of the First Baptist Church and other
Christian workers about thirteen years ago. The mission grew and
]ir()spered, and the little band became a substantial organization. A
place of worship was .secured on Adelaide street, just north of King —
a plain-looking frame building that had been used as a church by the
Angliciin and Methodist denominations, respectively. After the lap-se
of a year or two, it was decided to form a second ]kptist Church — a
resolution which was carried out on the 2nd of November, 1887, when
the Adelaide Street Baptist Church was regularly organized with a roll
of fifty-nine members. For a time the pulpit was supplied by the pastors
of York street, Rev. Mr. Montgomery, I'rof. Torrance, of Woodstock
College, and the venerable Dr. Cooper, preaching alternately at both
churches, until, on the 9th of August, 1878, the Rev. P. A. McEwen
(now stationed at Stratford) was ordained pastor of the young church.
Mr. McEwen was succeeded by Rev. Jcseph Forth, a pu])il of the
world-renowned Spurgeon. Mr. Forth took the pastoral charge in
October, 1880, which he held for u])wards of two years, when he
i'(;signed and accepted a call from Dresden. On the 13th of November,
1883, the present })astor, Rev. Thomas S. Johnston, of Sarnia, took
charge of the church, which, under his untiring and well directed
ettbrts, has continued— in s])ite of numerous discouragements — to grow
and prosper. The old place of worship having become altogether too
small for the increasing congregation, it was decided to build a new
one, and, on March 1, 1885, the pre-sent church edifice was forniiiUy
0])ened and dedicated. The value of the building and lot is about
S1'),000— a large ]iroportioii of the debt on the edifice having been
wi])ed out. Tiie church has a membershif) of 250, while the Sabbath
school scholars number 260, with an average attendance of 190. The
old frame building in which the cluu'ch was organized, after passing
through several hands, was finally turned into a roller rink, and not
long afterwards fell a prey to the flames. Several members of the
Adelaide Street Cliurch, assisted by members of sister denominations,
have organized a mission in the .southern part of the city.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

J'"!' many yeai's m. w„ ^ "'"'

*»t,Elii.hZt'^fli*"he pioneer offlJSf™^^

wita"t'usr*°,;i,t'! --"i-r :Toh"'ii rs ?r''^.

occupied as a Mpri;n,„-.T'*'"'"'''"<^ of what u'«, f '' ^'brarian,
Talblt street onpS "-^ stands on tiL '"'^"^ •>''^^^«

appearance, havS g b fentS"? T"'"^' ^»* ^^ J>a los Tt f' ''

•5 secret M^i'n T'^l-^''"^^ ^^JSu^mTb''' ^^"^"P^^^^-
•UlPeeJ i'jPZT'^- ''•^■■isurer; Isaac W.f'"'^'""' ^^^^ord-

cor„er.st„,S of the , It ^'^1'^^"^ ^'^'^^ vo, fj^^ ' JI"^ ^'^ V'Kler-'

:?22

IIISTOIIY (JF TIIK

opoaed in Septuniber, 1877. It contains a laruo library iiml iVcu rend-
ing room. In Jnne, 1HS8, a by-law, jn'oviding for the (istablishmciil
of a free library, which meant the purchase of the Institute libnirv,
and jierhapsthe building, was defeated at the polls. The oflicers of tiie
Institute for 1888 are: — Presidoit, Tlios. Green; first vice-jiri'si-
dent, VVm. Scarrow; second vice-president, J. -lohnston ; recording
secretary, J. D. Keeideyside ; corresponding secretary, E. T. Essery;
treasurer, Alex. Harvey ; librarian, James Gray.

The Mercantile Library Association was organized in IHoi'. In
August, 1859, II. Briant was vice-president, and (-". S. Uamsey, record-
ing secretary. At that time David Glass was jiresident; Hem-y Long,
vice-ijresident ; L. Lawrason, treasurer; Chas. Ramsay, .secretary; M.
W. Cummings, corresponding secretary ; Joseph Atkinson, C. 1).
Holmes, J. C Brown, G. Goi'don, jr., -lames Egan, and ('has. I'mokul,
directors.

Freemasonry in London* — The first Masonic lodge, of which
there are any records, was held at John Siddall's (of Siddall's mill), May
12, 1821). The name of the lodge was Mount Moriah, No. ":'<,
English Register, or No. 20, Provincial Grand Lodge Register. Tlit;
exact date of charter is not known, hut it must have been about L82li.
The first minute reads : — " The minutes of the last regular meeting werti
read and api^roved, when it was resolved that Arthur Nevill receive iiii
honorable discharge (demit) from this lodge ; also resolved, that tin;
brethren be summoned to attend at our lodge room, on the 24lii of
June, on special business, at the hour of one o'clock." The officers of
this date were :— John iSiddall, W. M. ; S. L. Sumner, S. W. ; J. Can-
field, J. W. ; T. Putnam, treasurer ; J. Putnam, secretary, and 1).
Cutter, S. D. On June 24th, 1829, J. Putnam i)resideil, with K,
Hartwell, secretary. The minutes fnmi this date, until Dec. 22, are
so badly torn that they cannot be read. The officers elected in Ducem-
Ijer, 1829, were :— G. Merrick, W. M. ; S. L. Sumner, S. \V. ; W. I'ut-
nam, J. W. ; James Canfield, treasurer ; E. Hartwell, secretary ; Al^el
Sumner, S. D.; Thomas Putnam, J. D.; John Siddall and i^evi Merrick,
stewards, and Abraham Kilbourn, tyler. At a meeting, Jan. a, ISoti,

J. D. Flanagan was voted eiyht shillings for

nightly

refreshments.

This lodge must have been something like a regimental on(>, as it
travelled from one place to another, ilay 14, 18;i(), it was held at
Swartz's, and again on the 2i)th at Joshua S. Odell's, at the Village of
the Forks, when the following officers were installed : — Samuel L.
Sumner, William Putnam, Jo.shua Putnam, James Canfield and K.
Hartwell. June 1, 18.'il, an extra lodge was held in London, wilii tiiu
same officers. There are no minutes from this date until Dec. 9, IS:U,
when a meeting was held at E. Hartwell's for the purpose of electing
officers for the ensuing six months, which rosiilted iis follows :—
William Putnam, W. M. ; William Niles, S. W. ; G. Merrick, J. W. ;

♦Compiled from memoraniia collected directly from records, by Alexander Irvine, for
this work.

COUNTY (iK MIDDI.KSKX.

E. Havtwell, secretary ; Silas K Curtis, trensui-er ; Abel Sunn, S. T). ;
Saniiuil Ti. Smniior, .1. D. ; John Putnam aii<l J. H. Flanajjan, laastors
of ccrciuoiiio-t ; Levi Merrick and Tliomas I'utnani, stcwaixls ; Dudley
Merrill, tyhn*. A committee was then struck to find a room in Lo!i-
doii to hold meetings, and they reported in favor f)f one at John
O'iVeil's, Kidout street, \vhi'r(! Josiaii Blackburn's n^sidenoe now is. In
thiit Mioni John O'Neil wiis made a mason, Jan. l.'>, IS."!."), and on the
same diiv Allan (Jumeron receivisd a degrei;. At a meetin<j, Fel)ruary
1(1, Tliimias Moore and John IJrown were initiated; and in the visitors'
list are to be found these names: — King, .Mackenzie, Marllett, Hewitt,
Curtis, Williams, and Parkinson. At this time the tyler was paid two
shillings and sixpenc(i ])er meeting. On Ajiril 7, 1835 ; John O'Neil
receipted to Cornish for £1 lis. od , for refreshments. In June, 1835,
the brethren marcluui to St. Paul's, and, retiu'ning, installed Joshua
Putnam, master, and Ira Schofield, marshal. In December, G. Merrick
was elected master and James Farley, secretary. April 2(], 1836, the
motion of allowing the landlord to hold office was votinl down, after
Joiui O'Neil had been elected to the master's chair. This caused .some
trouble, as no records can be found from this date until August 2i.t,
184.1.

\ meeting was held August 21), 18-1-5, at Halkwill's Inn, when the
fiillowing named officers were present :—(}ardiner Mcsrrick, \V. M. ;
Jo.'-hua Putnam, P. M. ; William Nilcs, S. W^; William 15. Lee, J. W.;
.lanu's Farley, secretary ; John P)rown, treasurer ; David Doty, S. I). ;
Tlionias Putnam, J. D. ; Levi Merrick, tyler ; and the following
brethren : — Hemy Sumner, Philo Bennett, William A. Sumner, John
Siildall, Silas E. ( !nrtis, Samuel L Sumner, Ebenezer Hartwell, Duncan
Mackenzie, James Parkinson, Andivw McCormick, John T. Travers,
James Daniel, Jacob Leclear, Dudh^y Merrill, K. Oregory, E. Dun.s-
ooiube.

On September 9, 1845, a committee was appointed to wait on
St. John's Lodge, 2(19, in order to enter into friendly and fraternal
feelings with that lodge. It consisted of John Siddall, William Niles,
David Doty and Philo Bennett. In December, Joshua Putnam and
the other oflicers were installed by the brethren of Lodge 209. In
June, 1840, James Daniel was master, with John Norval, secretary.
The last meeting of this took ])lace on the 22nd of July, 1846, when
several brethren kindly consented to form a delegation to meet the
Provincial Grand Lodge, at Toronto, on tlie 4th of .\ugnst. The charter'
was .surrendered, and the majority of the members joined St. John's
Lddpe, 209.

St. Jtilm'x, :WO(a). — This is the oldest lodge existing in London,
ami is to-day the strongest in the city. In the early part of 1841,
Samuel Peter.s, J. H. Joyce, William Guim, James Farley, A. S. Arm-
strong, George Code, and F. Cleverly, who were made Ma.son9 in Lodge
No. 8o, behjuging to Her Majesty's 83rd Infantry, then stationed here,
[it is usual lor British Regiments to have charters the same number as

^24

mSTUllY OK THK

tho ref,'iiiit!nt, wliicli they curry with tiioin] made a])plication to the
(liiind Lodfje ol' Irehind for a Wiirrant, tlie same to he styled St. John's,
No. 209, 1. K. Although the warrant was is^iued Oct. 4, 1 H4 1 , it was
not received in London until Oct. 2, 1842. In tho meantime a dis-
pensation, under which the iir.st meeting was held, was secured. It
took place in January, 1(S42, in rooms at iJalkwill's Imi, corner of
King and Talbot street. The .S;!rd Regiment moved to Toronto, and
the warrant was sent by the secrcstary of the Grand Lodge of Ireland
to Alexander Barker, nuister of Lodge No. S3, as it was tho lodge to
M'hich the apidicants belong. He, accompanied by Tlumias Dillon, of
the same lodge, anived in London, Oct. 2, 1S42, and on the 3rd, ojient'd
the lodge and installed the following ollicers in the order of rank :—
Samuel Peters, J. H. Joyce, William Gunn, James Farley, A. S. Ann-
strong, George Code and ¥. Cleverly. After insUiUation, the following
applicants were initiated: — Thomas Frazer, Thomas Kerr, John IJulk-
will and J. H. L. Askin. The first fine imposed was that of sixpence
sterling upon the treasurer, for being absent fiom meetings. The same
officers were re-elected for 1843. Mr. Cornish, in the early part of the
year, otfered a free grant of a lot of land on winch to biuld a Masonic
Hall ; but lack of funds prevented its acceptance. The master for
1844 was Hugh Falconer.

Mr. Hamel died in February. His apron, sash, mark and hroncli,
were sold in the lodge to the highest bidder, and the amount of
.seven shillings and sixpence was handed to his widow. Marcli 21, the
remains of James Rivers were interred, the fife and drum band of tiie
23rd Regiment being in attendance. June 24th, an imposing turnout
took place. The members assembled in force, and, marshalled by Wni.
Niles, marched to the court-house where divine service was performed
by the Rev. B. (Jronyn. The brethren afterwards reformed and pro-
ceeded to St Paul's Churchyard, where they assisted in the cereinuiiy
of laying the foundation-stone of the present brick edifice, Samuel
Peters wielding the trowel on that interesting occasion. On the I'lth
of August, Thomp.son Wilson oil'ered the lodge a lot on Talbot street
for a Masonic Hall ; but it was never taken advantage of. On Septem-
ber 22, Sir A. N. McNab, Provincial Scottish Grand Master, was created
nu honorary member of St. John's, No. 209.

In October, this year, the great fire occurred, during which tlie
lodge-room was partially destroyed, and the meetings were hekl tem-
porarily at Probart's hotel. On December 10, the old lodge-room was
refitted, and Inisiness resumed there. Joshua I'utnam was master in
1845. Mr. Gidley, the secretary, was suspended for bad behaviour,
but, apologizing, was restored. On February 2(1, Mr. Cleverly was
buried, attended by the military fife and drum band. In the evening
Mr. Gordon was ])resented with a silver cup for his services as secre-
tary the ])receding year. Jime 24, was, as usual, celebrated by
attending divine service at the new Scotch ciiurch, Rev. B. I'ronyn
preaching. The procession was headed by the baud of the 8 1st Kegi-

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

3l.'5

mmit, then stationed liere. Hufili Falconer was master in 1S46, and

A. S. Alibdtt, treasnrer.

On A])ril Iti, several jewels were missing, and n conunittcc
iipIHiiiited to make iii<|niries into the matter. On St. Jnlni's Day, tlie
liii'tliren marched to church, licaded by the hand of the <S2nd liegi-
iiiciit, where a stn'mon was jinjached by Kev. B Cronyn. A. S. Abbott
Wits master in I.S47. October 2o, the brethren assisted the 1 )irectors
ill breaking ground on the fJrent Western liailway. James Oaniel
WHS master in 1S48. February 8, the lodge remitted the treasurer's
lines (AVilliam (lordon), on account of losses sustained Vjy him in
eiidc' 'iing notes for Probart. (Jandy was buried, February 27. H.

B. fii'witt was master in l(S4',l. On January 9, a new lodge-room
was secured ,iL Lewis's Hotel, and in the following A))ril, a committee
was ajijminted to rent and furnish a suitable pliice of meeting in the
Kobiuson Hall (corner of Dundas and Ilidont streets), for which pur-
pose the sum of £'>l lOs. was set apart from the funds of the lodge.
The new hall was first occupied on May la. On June 25, the
fmnidatiou-stone of the Union School was laid with Masonic cere-
monies. The brethren marched in procession to the grounds, headed
by tlie fife and drum band of the 20th Regiment, stationed hen-. The
speakers on the occasion were, Simeon Morrill, Judge John Wilson,
iincl Mr. Magill. James Daniel ])resented the lodge with a Hible, on
November 27. In return for the gift, the lodge ordered a portrait of
the donor to be taken, and placed in a frame on the altar.

Tiie installation of the officers was held on December 27, and, in
celeljialion (<f this day, a grand ball was given. James Daniel was
master in 1H50-1, and on A])ril 2:\ he was presented by the
lodge with an address complimenting him upon his zeal and efficiency.
On June 22, the suicide of ^Ir. Matthews took ])lace ; in consef[uence
of wliich the usual semi-ainiual St. John's Day celeljration was omitted.
Tlie funeral was held on the 24th, the fife and drum band of the 2."!rd
lit'giiiient performing.

A change was made in the election of officers, in which it was de-
cided to hold them semi-annually in 185 1. On March 11, a notice
was given by Mr. Moore that the Grand Lodge of Ireland be requested
to withdraw the warrant of 209, with a view to affiliation with tiie
Grand Lodge of Canada. The motion was eventually dropped. On
•Inne 24, William Moore was installed Master. In the morning, the
brethren proceeded to Port Stanley and installed the officers of Middle-
sex Lodge, No. 211. On the 27'th of December, J. .M. rxniiiett was
installed master for the first half of 1852. On June 24, 1852, J. F.
Kolfe was in.stalled master. On July IM, the lodge met at eight a.m.,
and proceeded to St. Thomas in stages, with the band of the volunteer
artillery in the lead, to assist Middlesex Lodge, No. 211, in laying the
foundation-stone of the Elgin County buildings. In the cavity were
deposited, along with the roll, the names of the brethren of 201 •.

On September 13, the first presentation of a Past Master's jewel

i'.:^(;

IllsrniJV ((K rilK

Wiis iimdc to Mr, Daiiii'l. The liii'llnfii, ur tit Iciist tliiisc tliirstin^'
for ollicc, iij,'ain miult! an att('iii|it to lnvak away, and on Novfinlior
'■>, Thoia|i.s((n Wilson pri'scntt'd, i'or rccununeiidatidn by tlie lodj^e, u
petition to tlio (}rand Ijtnh^i; of Enj^iand for a diartcr for a new lod^c,
to bi! named "St. ( JeorjiCi's," willi tlie following ollicers nanitid, viz : —
Tboinpson Wilson, W. M. ; A. C. Stone, S. W. ; I). Sterlin-;, .1. W.
The re((nired reeoninieniiation was "granted. On November JL', u
motion was brou<,'lit up to secure a site foi' a Masonic Hall. 'I'lie yru-
jjosed sites wen;, the s]iot where J{. Mouutjoy's fi'uit store now stands,
and that of the Harris property ; but as they were without funds, and the
lottery system in its iid'anoy, it tell throu;^h. On Deet^niber liT, .lames
Daniel was installed master for IH.'i:!. On March 2, W. J. IIur|)cr
and ■). I>urL;i'ss, beinj,' about to leave for Australia, were (iuturtained ;il
su])pcr, aiul presented witli an address by tlu! lodjj;e. On June 24,
.lames Daniel was installed master for the latter part of iSf);!, ami
re-elected in 18.")4.

S. P. Avers was uuist(ir in LSrio. This was a year of consideralilc
importance to St. John's Lod^ie. On April 10, the ([Uestion of Ihrowinj;
olf allej,'iance to the (irand Lodffe of Ireland, and aililiating with tlic
Grand Lod<,'e of Canada, caint- u\) for discussion, when it was resolved
that it was e.xjx.'dient to lake tlie necessary steps toward.s that objecl.
l)uring the tjveniu},' th(' .sum of £2.'i was <,a'anted from the ]od<,'e fumls
to the English Patriotic Fund. On May S, the ma.sters and wardens
were a])pointed delef,'ates to attend a convention at Hamilton, to cou-
.sider the ijuestion of afliliation — A. S. Abbott dissenting. Tluire was
no election on this occasion. On 0(!t(jl)er ",), another delegation from
209, in relation to the affiliation of the lodge with the Lodge of
(..'anada, was a))])(tinted, consisting of Messrs. Daniel, Moffat and Ablntt,
to attend an adjourned convention at Hamilton on the following day.
The result was that, at the next regular connnunic^ition, Octobi;r Li,
it was moved that Me.s.srs. Dani(d, Moore and Scatcherd be a connuittee
to draft a resolution to the Lodge of Ireland, to the ell'ect that St.
•John's Lodge, 20'.t, had cea.sed to work luider its jurisdiction. On the
27th it was further resolved that a necessity existed for the formation
of an iiidc))endent Lodge of Canada, 209 pledging itself, as a lodge, t(i
maintain the same ; also, that the Grand Lodge of Ireland be re(iucsted
to permit the liisli warrant to remain in the lodge.

The Lodge of Canada granted the lodge a charter bearing the
<late of November 2(i, LSoo, and registered as St. .lohn's, No. 14,
afterwards No. 20. On Decend)er 27, James Moiliit was instiillud
ma.ster for 1850. About this time the present I.iaw Librarian Siiii-
nujiis biicame a member. This and the two following vears were
seasons of trouble and discord. (3n the 22nd of A])ril, Kilwinning
Lodge was granted th(! u.se of 209 lodge-room to meet in. Shortly
after this ])criod a .spirit of antagonism exhibited itself among mal
contents in the lodge and sister lodgcis working under the Lodge of
Canada, some wanting to join No. 14, and others to remain as they

CDITNTY OF MrmH.KSKX.

32";

W(>ii'. liiimediiitely iiltcr this, evcrylhiiit,' ndiUin*^ to thn \nd<^c, ajjpcared
in II statt! of cIuioh, on iiccoiiiit of the new St. .lolm's Lod<^(i ofticiirs
Imvin;,' taken all liooks in connootion witli '2W.

Th'W. iiro no vci'oids from -Inly 8, ]HM), to May I;>, 1859. Any
iii((tiiii.'s that were hold vvciu; informal. Tlio loyal mcnilKM's, however,
ntaiiM'd their old Iri.sh warrant, and continned to work under it a.s
I'O'.t. On May 13, 18.")'.), the installation of oflioers, which should have
taken jdacc in the previous Decetnher, was held, and Kdward Uarrett
was cliosen master. For some time previously the (Irand Lodjre of
t'luiaila refused to recofjuize St. . lolm's, 2(19, ns a lodf,'e, simply because
it ]iivferred to woik under the Lodf^e of Ireland. The second installa-
tion in this year took place on November 10, with Etlward GaiTett as
master. On the same date the lodj,'e forwarded two years' dues to the
I,(i(li,'(i of Ireland, and the initiation fee was temporarily fixed at $12.
On June 20, I86l>, the lod«,'e moved its (juarters to the new hall in
the Albion buildings, llichmond .street, on which evening I'/lward
(iarrett was again inslulled master. On Se])tember 26, the secretary
WHS instructed, by a vote of the lodge, to ap])ly to St. -lohn's, No. 2(1,
tor the recoi'ds of 209, or copies (tf the same, held in its possession.
On Decemlier 27, llichard Irvine was installed master for 18fll.

The lodge now began to show signs of prosjierity. On the 24th of
.Iiine, (teorgb Taylor was installetl master, and a dinner was given at
Diilniage's Hotel. On duly 10, a dejiutation from 209, appoitited to
visit the Grand Lodge of Canada, then in session at London, reported
timt they had been refused admittance. Mr. Tully, the representative
of the Irish lodge, promised to visit 209 and explain, but failing to do
s(i, a vote of censure was passed u])on him by the lodge, and, on Novem-
Ix'V 28tli, a resolution was passed to communicate with Representative
Tally, and request him to take immediate steps towards demanding a
recognition of 209 by the sister lodges in London. At the same meet-
ing, a letter was read from the Grand Secretary of the (jlrand Lodge of
li'claiid, guaranteeing to sustain the rights and privileges of 209 as
long as any of its memb(?rs desired to remain under its jurisdiction.
Edward Garrett was installed master, 1802. April 2, a proclama-
tion was submitted, issiied by the Grand Lodge of C'anada, forbidding
Masonic intercourse by the Canadian lodges with 209. On June 24,
Francis Evans Cornish was installed ma.ster. On July 16, a letter
was received from the Grand Secretary, announcing that in view of the
action of the Grand Lodge of Canada, in forbidding intercourse with
20\\ it had instructed its representative Tully, to withdraw from the
(irand Lodge of ( "anada. This action proved, to a certain extent, effec-
tual in bringing matters to an issue, for on November 20, a letter was
read from Tully, announcing that the Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Canada, had revoked all edicts and decisions passed by said
Omnd Lodge, against 209, and had declared it entitled to full and free
I'pcognition by the Grand Lodge of (Janada, and all her subordinate lodges.
Francis Evans Cornish was master for 1803. The war was continued

328

HISTOUY OF THE

this year on the part of No. 20, with unrelenting vigor. On the ISth
of March, Mr. Jacobs reported that he was refused admission to No.
20, because he was a member of 209. After this, a more concihatory
tone was evinced by the opposing lodges, and efforts suggested by
them to come to terms. To this end, therefore, on Ai)ril 2, 209
appointed a committee to meet similar committees from Kilwinning
and St. John's, 20, to discuss the question.

On June 24, an address was sent to the Duke of Leinster, con-
gratulating him upon attaining tlie election of Grand Master of Ireland
for the fifteenth time. On -lune 24, Francis Cornish was installed, .iiid
banqueted at the Francis Hotel. On December 2.S, Thomas Winnett
was installed master for 1864, and pre.sented Mr. (,'ornish with a past-
master's jewel. The other city lodges .still treated 2011 as clandestine
Masons. All the troubles was simply this : St. John's, 200, desired to
pursue their labors under the Irish wairant, and the other l(xli,'(;s
wished to prevent it ; and, as they could not, hence this treatment. On
Feb. .'i, Mr. Morrison was charged by Mr. Balkwill with exposing the
grips and signs of the order in a public tavern. He was found guilty
of the charges, and expelled. On March 2, a communication was
received from St. John's, 20, to this eifect, that if 209 would withdraw
all claims to the jewels and furniture in the possession of 20, that
lodge would surrender to 209 all books, ])apers, and other documents
originally the property of said lodge : this was not acted upon. On
April 27, it was reported to the lodge that the warrant had been stolen
from the hall, and a committee was appointed to unravel the mystery.
In the meantime, it was decided that a new warrant should be applied
for from the Grand Lodge of Ireland. The committee could find no
trace of the stolen warrant.

On May 18, a proposition was submitted to the lodge from the
joint committees of St. George'.s, Kilwinning and St. John's, 2i),
ottering a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Canada, free of charge.
The offer was treated with contempt. On July 6, a new duplicute
warrant to replace the stolen one was received from Ireland. Tliomas
Win!iett was iiLstalled master in June. On August 17, word \va.s
received that the Grand Lodge of Canada, at its recent session, refused
to take action upon Mr. Tully's reju'esentations respecting the Can-
adian lodges. December 27, Kichard Wigmore was installed master
for 1865, and in June following, S. W. AI)bott. VV. S. Smith was in-
stalled master for 18()6, and W. T. Fairbrother was insUdled for the
second half-year. Small-pox being ])revalent, the usual dinner was
dispensed with. On December 27, James O'Connor was installed ma.s-
ter for 1867.

The number of meetings held this year averaged four per month.
On June 24, A. S. Abbott was installed master. On December 27,
David Buckler was installed master for 1868. On June 17, James
O'Connor was charged with conspiring with other members to coniiiel
young members to sign a document calculated to subvert the govern-

COUNTY OF MIDULESKX.

a29

iiiuiit of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. On June li4, David ]^)iickler
was !if,'aiii master. Under the difliciiltie.s in which 209 hiborcd at thi.s
]it'vi(Ml, and for some time before, the Grand Lodge of Irehvnd did
(ivi'vvthing to restore harmony, and instructed its rei)resentative. Tully,
to lend his be-st efforts to attain this object : 209 received no .satisfac-
tion from Tully ; and, it was rej)orted, that he was working for tlie
iiitfiv'ts of the Grand Lodge of Canada. P>erythingthat was ])ossible to
be done to outrage 209 was done by the malcontents. The lodge collar.-*,
ajiron.'i, jewels, and other jn-ojjerty were stolen, the windows broken,
anil otiier indignities ofl'ered. Still, 20'.l remained solid ; although, on
one occasion, it was necessary to get tin jewels and tin swords for
the tyler. David Buckler was master i.- 18(39. On June 1(1, it
having been ascertained who were the guilty parties concerned in
itbstvacting lodge jirojjerty, a call was made upon Messrs. Ferguson,
Moi'den, Thomas Powell, Fletcher and John Gray, to return tho
articles. On July 21, Andrew Mc( 'ormick was installed master.

8. W. Abbott was master for 1870, and re-elected in June of that
year. On May 18, the lodge contributed a sinn of SoO in aid of the
Masonic Boys' Orphan School, Dublin. On October 19, the lodge
made another grant of i^oO towards the Female Orphans' School, at
Dublin. On December 2], Thomas Peel was installed master for
1881 ; and June 2 1, a grant of £2 was sent in aid of the lifeboat service
on the IrLsh coast. On December 20, John Shopland was installed
ma.ster for 1872. This year opened with bright prospects. On A])ril
17, a motion was submitted to the lodge, " That, in order to reston;
harmony among the brethren, applicaticjn be made to the Grand I^odge
of (/anada for a charter, provision being made that 209 retain its num-
ber and be ])ermitted to continue its ])resent ancient Irish work." On
.lune 19, the new warrant was received; but, no guarantee accompany-
ing it that the lodge would be allowed to proceed in its present work, it
was ordered to remain in litatu quo until such guarantee was forwarded.
On July 17, John Shopland wa.s installed master. The guarantee
referred to had by this time been received, of which the following is a
copy :—

"Special permission granted, with warrant, to St. John's, 2U9(a), G. K. C.
" To all whom it may concern : —

"This is to certify that St. John's, 209, I. R., meeting iit London, Province of
Ontario, having affiliated itself with this Grand Lodge, authority is hereby given to
Master, Wardens and ISrothers of said Lodge to continue their work as heretofore.
"Given under our hand and seal of Grand Lodge this 'Jth day of July, 1S72.
" By command,

"Tno.s. H. Hauius, Grand Secretary."

The report was adopted, and the lodge, from that date, liu3 worked
under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Canada, m harmony with
other lodges. After installation, A. S. Abbott was presented with an
address and a service of plate, for distinguished services said to have
been rendered the lodge. On December 27, James O'Connor wa.s

330

HISTOKY OF THE

installed for 187M, being the first installation under the new warrant.
The ceremony was performed in concert with the other lodj,'es, in their
hall, Buckley's buildin<,'s, liichmond street. The lodge now returned
to its old form of annual elections in December. The bitter feeling
existing between the two St. John's lodge,s was not yet healed, for, (in
April 1(), Mr. Hawthorn reported that he had been refused admission
to No. 20. On motion, the (^rand I^odge of Injland was ordered to lie
ciimmunicated with, asking it to return the original warrant of 21)9,
cancelled, that it might be retained and hung up in the lodge-room as
a reminder of days gone by. On October 15, the committee on lodge
accommodation rejiorted that terms had been made whereby 20!l(a'!
miglit occujiy the hall in which the other lodges met, in the Huron &
Erie buildings, Richmond street. On December 17, Duncan Mcl'liuil
was installed master for 1S74. On February 18, the terms of agree-
ment between the lodges for occu])ying the new hall by 2U'.l(a) were
signed, and, on August 1 9, the first meeting was held there.

On December 27, Thomas H. Tracy was installed master for 187"),
and re-elected for 1876. On November 11, 187n, a new organ was
purchased at a co.st of !:p2.')(). On February 10, Mr. Burnett was pre-
sented with a past-master's jewel. On December 27, \Vm. Hawthorn
was installed master for 1877. Benjamin \V. Greer was installed
master for 1878. On February 9, Thomas Haskett was buried with
Masonic honors. March 14, the lodge presented W. Hawthorn with a
past- master's jewel, and on .May U, 1). McPhail was made the recipient
of a jewel. On June 20, the brethren attended the funeral of \Vm.
Taylor, and November 27, the remains of Mr. Rapley were interred
with the usual rites. A. J. B. Macdonald was installed master for
187'.t. On this occasion a past master's jewel was presented to Mr.
<jireer. On June 8, the funeral of W. S. Smith took place. On
Deeenrber 21, ].,. He,s,sel was buried with the usual honors. On Dec(!m-
ber 24, William H. IJooks was installed master for 1880. On Jainiary
8, the lodge present(Hl A. J. B. Macilonald with a ])ast-master's jewel,
August 12, a grant of S'lO was made by the lodge towards expenses
incurred in the celobrati(m of laying the foundation-stone of the
Masonic Temjile.

Henry 0. Owens was installed master for 1881. On February III,
Mr. Rooks was presented with the customary jewel. On November
24, resolutions of condolence to the secretary were passed by tlu; lodge,
engrossed and framed, on the death of his two sons, one of whom was
drowned in the Victoria disaster on May 24 of that year. J. S. Dewar
was installed master for 1882, and they met for the first tinu' in the
INlasonic Tem]ile. On January 12, Mr. Owens was presented with a
l)ast-ma.ster's jewel. William J. JoluLstone was installed master lor
1883. On January 11, Mr. Dewar was presented with an address
and a ])ast-master's jewel. On April 12, the secretary was instructed
to communicate with the Grand Secretary and prefer a claim upon St.
John's, No. 20, for the jewels and recoi-ds of 209, which No. 20 held

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

331

in its possession iiiul refused to give uyi. On the lOth was the funeral
uf James O'Brien, of Dorchester. In July, of this year, the Grand
Lodge was held at Ottawa, and J. S. Dewar, of this lodge, was elected
jiiiiior warden. On August 9, notice was received from tlie Grand
Secretary notifying tlie lodge that No. 20 had heen ordered to produce
and hand over tn 209 a certified co{)y of its old records. On the same
evening, one of the old sets of jewels V)elonging to 209, while working
under the Irish register, and found among the effects (»f Mr. McMullen,
decea.sed, were presented to the lodge by Mr. Baxter. These jewels
were jiurchased in 1840, and abstracted from the lodge-room during
the troubles of thai period. The jewels are now in a case in the
Ma.sonic library.

William Noble was master for 1884. On Feb 14, a past-master's
jewel was ])resented to Mr. J. Johnstone. The same evening the
certified co])ies of the minutes of 209, from the year 1842 to 1854,
were handed into the lodge in conformity with in.structions from Grand
Lodge. Alexander ]\IcDonald was installed master for 1885. In the
early jiart of March, a very ])leasant conversazione, under the auspices
(if the lodge, was held. A ]iast-ma.ster',s jewel was presented to Bro.
Noble, March 12. A])ril 9, an engrossed aildress was presented to each
of the military brethren absent on duty in the North-west quelling
the lliel insurrection. The brethren were Messrs. Tracy, Peters aiul
McKenzie. On Dec. 1 0, the Grand Master and other Grand Officers
were present to .see the work exemplified. The Most Worshipful
Avas ])resented with an address, beautifully engrossed, and the jiarty
wi:ic afterwards entertained at supper in the banqueting ha.ll. The
same evening Mr. Abbott presented the lodge, through ^Ir. Cooper,
with an ancient pocket-])iece, some eighty years oM, formerly belong-
ing to -lohn McDowell, one of the old members of 209. The watch is
now to be .seen among the other curiosities in the cabinet library.
Williani O'Brien was master for 1886.

On February 10, A. S. Abbott was, with due formality, made an
honorary member. The lodge presented Mr. McDonald with a past-
ina.ster's jewel. On May (i, the remains of George I'aylor were
intoned with Masonic honors. On August 12, the lodge was
honoied by a visit from Hemy Robertson, the newly elected Grand
Muster, ou which occasion, the tliird degree was exemjilified. On
Novemijer 25, the lodge was officially visited by the D. D. G. M , of
No. :; District, R. W. Slater. A. E. Cooper was installed master for
b'^ST. In March, of this year, they visited Strict Observance Lodge,
No 27, of Hamilton, to give an exemplification of their work. On
Wednesday, November 30, Hamilt(jn returned the visit. On the
27tli of December, James Smith was installed master for 1888. So,
after years of trouble, 2()9(a) remains the strongest and most popular
lodge in the city. Richard Irvine is the oldest living member of this
lodge.

.S7. Gi'in'(j('\ No. i.>, A. F. d- A. J/., G. R. C.—Thk lodge verged

332

HISTORY OF THE

OHt of 20il in the year 1852, as will be seen in the history of 209, ami
is, consequently, the next oldest lodge now in existence in this city. Its
warrant was granted by the Grand Lodge of England through Sir A.
N. McNab, tlien Provincial Grand Master of Canada, dated Novenibei'
22, and called St. George's, H95. The following is a correct copy of
the charter members: — Tliompson Wilson. Ashbell Charles Stone,
David Sterling, J. .M. Bennett, Thomas Hasket, William Barker,
Wm. Shiphin, Patrick Hennessey, and AVilliam Niles, who was a past
master of Mount Moriah Lodge 77^1, and the founder of the village of
Nilestown. The first meeting was held in Robinson Hall, Decem-
ber 1, 1852, when the following ofticers were installed, in the order
of rank, by Past Masters Shepphard, Bennett and Hennessey : —
Thomp.son Wilson, A. C. Stone, David Sterling, Parke, Hyman, W.
Smith and D. Mackenzie.

On December 21, this lodge acted in conjunction with 209 at tlie
installation of King Solomon's Lodge, Woodstock. On the 19th of
January, 185.'!, Lieutenant Cliarles Carnegie, of the 20th Regiment,
was initiated into the first degree, being the first in this lodge. He
being only 19 years old, a special dispensation was granted by the
Provincial Grand Lodge for liis initiation. On June 24, the lodge
went to St. Thomas to assist at the installation of a new lodge.

On September 14, the master asked the lodge to advance the
amount of a Royal Arch Warrant, about to be obtained from the
Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of England, by a number of
Royal Arch Masons belonging to this lodge, and which chapter is to be
attached to St. George's Lodge. The amount was ordered to be
advanced, and to be repaid as soon as the chapter was in a position to
do so. About this time the members were anxious to build a hall, but
not having sufficient funds, the subject was dropped, and they figreed
to use the same hall as 209. On the same date, December 14, an
invitation was received from St. Thomas Lodge, No. 2."i2, to attend a
ball to be held there on the 27th. On that date, Thompson Wilson
was installed master for 1854. On January 11, the master ordered
that if any of the ofHcers absent themselves from the lodge witlmut
showing just cause, they pay the sum of sevenpence half-penny;
but this fine was afterwards abolished. An invitation was received
from J. T. Lundy to assist at the opening of the revived Union
Lodge, No. 494, Grimsby. This was accepted. The amount of woik
up to this time was very large. The following are some who were
initiated : — Frederick Brock, captain 2.'!rd Regiment ; Jas. Dull', lieut-
enant 2ord Regiment ; Richard Burrows, Ethan R. Paul, Wm. Warren
Street, George Macbeth, John B. Smyth, Chas. Hutchinson, M. Holmes
Hammond, Edwin Heathfield, and John Kipp Brown. On the ■_'4tli
of June, this lodge joined with 209 at a dinner at J. McDowell's
hotel, tickets being ten shillings each. On December 27, John Hard-
ing was installed master for 1855. On June 6, the master appointed
Messrs. Holmes, Hennessey and Muir to find a suitable room for the

COUNTY OK .M1UUL.ESKX.

333

](i(l;je. W. K. Muir was at this time connected with the (Ireat Western
Kailway in this city. On June 24, they atrain associated with 209 at a
dinner in celebration of the day. At the regular meeting, July 11, it
was moved by A. G. Smyth, and seconded by Mr. Urciuhart. that the
delegates from Ht. George's Lodge to the Provincial Grand Lodge do
usu every lawful endeavor to support any motion that may unite all
^hlsons in the Province of Canada under one Canadian Grand Lodge.
Tills was carried ; only a few members objecting. Strife again began to
sl!(i\v itself a little.

On August 22, a lodge-room was procured on the fourth story of
Wiiitehouse's building, corner of King and Richmond streets, at a rent
of £30. On September 5, the lodge attended the funeral of William
I>. Lee, of 200. On October o, it was moved by J. B. Smyth, and
seconded by J. K. Brown, that Mr. Harding be a delegate to the
(jiaiid Lodge, in Hamilton, on the 10th inst. This was carried, while
the amendment by W. K. Muir, seconded by R. R. Grindly, that this
lodge take no action relative to convention to be held in Hamilton, as
fhuy wi.shed to remain under the Grand Lodge of England, was lost.
Tills time things were getting in a bad .state, for, at the same meeting,
\V. K. Muir moved, seconded by J. B. Smyth, that the master, wardens
and the past-masters attend the meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge, to
lio held in Toronto, October 25th, and this lodge pay the expenses. The
first meeting was held in the new hall November 7, when it was
moved by J. K. Urquhart, seconded by Geo. Holmes, that the thanks
of St. George's Lodge, No. SO"), be tendered Mrs. S. W. Scobell for her
valuable present to the lodge, the same being a cushion, liy the mitmtes
of this meeting, it was not allowed for any member to receive a degree
inili'ss he was able to pass a proper examination. On November 28,
Ml'. Muir moved, seconded by Mr. Grindly, that the thanks of this
lodge be tendered to the members of St. John's, 200, for their kindness in
allowing them ,so long the use of their room and furniture ; and, that
tlit'v wish to reciprocate by offering the use of St. George's Hall to
said members, provided they are allowed by the Grand Master. This
motion was lost.

in December Jr'Mj Harding was installed master for 185G. Among
the members of thi. year are found Andrew ( 'leghorn, P. T. Worth-
iiigton and T. W. Thomas. On March 12, the lodge was styled
St. George's, No. 805, English register, and No. o5. Provincial
register; for this reason, the (Jrand Lodge of Canada was in its
infancy, and at least a dozen others were trying to get the lead, while
nearly everybody was seeking oOice of some kind or other. On May
2<S, the master read to the lodge instructions sent to him by the
Provincial Grand Master, which were tliat he was to suspend the
moniliiTs of St. George's Lodge who had formed Kilwinning Lodge.
The Master, not wishing to be arbitrary in the matter, gave such
nieiiiliers two months to consider their jiosition. (The members' names
will be found as the charter members of Kilwinning Lodge.) W. G.

■X'A

HISTORY OF IIIK

Chambers, in the heat of the dtibato which folIowtHl, refused to pay
proper respect to the cliair. Ht; was aihiioiiishcd, and, upon apology,
he was pardoned. On June 4, Hardinj,' was appointed I'V the (Inmd
Lodge of New York as tlieir representative. On December 17, tlie
petition from the Provincial (}rand Lodge of Cana'la, wherein it
requested the (!rand Lodge of England to give them entii'e indepen-
])ence, whs read. It was moved by V. J. Dunn, seconded liy John K.
Brown, that the ]iraver of said Provincial Grand Lodgi; be received ami
adopted. Moved l>y H. D. Moorhou.se, seconded by T. Mackie, tlmt
this lodge recpiest the Grand Lodge to use their best endeavors td
secure the cooperation of the fraternity in Canada East, so that, if
possible, it may be a Grand Lodge of ( 'anada East and West. Uotli
resolutions were carried, and a cojjy of the above sent to the I'roviuoiid
Grand Secretary.

On December 27, Jolm K. Brown was installinl master for ISil?.
This was a year of great im})ortauce to tlu; lodge, for in it occurreil the
sei)anitioii from the English Grand Lodge. On January 7, a sum-
mons was rea<l from the Provincial Grand Secretar\' to stuid delegatt^s
to a meeting of the Grand Lodge at Toronto, on the 8th. Past-master
Harding was appointed ; his report was never taken any notice of. On
the first of Ai^'il, L. S. King was appointed. The first lodge of instruc-
tion was held by the lodge, ^Lly 14, 1807. On June 17, a communi-
cation from the Provincial Grand Lodge, desiring a full attendance of
representatives, was received. It was then moved by Pro. BarnanI,
seconded by Bro. Mackie, that, inasmuch as the memorial sent to the
Grand Lodge of England by the Provincial Grand Lodge, upon the sub-
ject of complete indei)eudence, has not luuui even recognized, tiiis
lodge, therefore, resolves to alienate itself from the Grand Lodge of
England, with a view to an amalgamation with the Grand Lodge of
Canada, as such a step is conceived to be of immen.se importance to
the welfare of the IMasous in this country. The master, with Messrs.
Harding and Wilson, were asked to attend the meeting, and vote in
accordance with the foregoing resolution. No notice was taken of tlie
report brought back by the.se members. Again, on September 2, the
master and ])ast-master were asked to act as delegates to the Provincial
Grand Lodge, to be held in Toronto, Sei)teraber 7 ; at the same time,
giving them full powers to act as they saw fit, saving, that the old
charter be retained by them, and returned to the lodge. These members
did act as they saw fit, for they brought back a charter, styling the
lodge, St. tleorge's Lodge, No. 37(a), G. R. C. The first meeting of this
lodge was held October 7, 1857. It was moved by A. G. Smytli,
seconded by J. K. Brown, and carried, that this lodge receive the
explanations of P. M. Harding as satisfactory, for giving up the warrant
of St. George's Lodge, No. H!);!, E. R.

St. George's Lodge, No. 895, did not cease to exist at this date, nor
for some time after, as will be seen. After ceaseless bickerings as to
which lodge owned the jewels and furniture, it was settled that they

COUNTY UK MIKDLKSKX.

beloiij:; to No. 89."). AiiiuiiK tlie moiulwrs wlio reiimiiied uiuii'i' tlic old
wamuit, were Thompson Wils(jii, lidwiii llcjatlifiekl, Diivid Steiliii<;, F.
McMulleii and Thomas Francis. No meeting,' was held, of wliich tlierc
arc any records, until March 24, ISoS, with Thompson Wilson as
master. At this meeting it was carried that tiie lodge meet in St.
.lolin's Lodge, No. 209, and that the initiation fee be S40. Thornpsdu
Wilson was elected master. The following were tleelared mcnihers-
elect, for the as,sistance rendered the brethren of St. (j-i!org(''s Lodgi-,
No. 89."), in getting them together: — Past-Masters, S. 1*. Ayns,
Thomas Francis and dames Alotlat; also William I'icUett, Thomas
Allen and T. ¥. McMuUen. On July 2(), 1858, it was moved by Mr.
Heallitleld, and .seconded by Mr. Sterling, that the warrant of the
lodge be returned to the Grand Lodge of England ; moved by Mr.
Sterling, and .seconded by Mr. Taylor, that the furniture, etc., be snid.
and the i)roceeds applied to the purchase of It. Morrison's Masonic
Library, and it be ])reseuted to the Masonic bodies of this city. The
furniture was .sold to John Thompson, master of Mount lirydges Lodge,
Mount Brydges ; and so ended St. George's Lodge, No. 895.

AVlien the first meeting took place, with J. K. lirown, jiresidingolliccr,
John Smith was the first to receive a degree in this lodge, October 7,
1857. This lodge was charitable, for on December 2, the sum of '!<~)
was granted to Mr. Lee, a travelling brother in distress. On Decem-
ber 28 Kichard Koe Grindley was installed master for LS58. Thc^
festival was celebrated in conjunction with St. John's, No 20, and
Kilwiniung, No. (i4. On January 20, a committee reportetl that
Mr. Wilson, I). G. M., would agree to give St. George's Lodge, 87, the
furniture, with this proviso : — " That the St, George's Lodge, No. 895,
K. !{., have the use of it twice a year while they hold the English
rliarter." On March ','>, it was moved that Mr. Wilson be com-
])elled to give up the furniture without any conditions. Nothing
woulil please either party. Finally this lodge had to leave the old
room. They then moved to the hall occupied by St. John's Lodge, to
which lodge the sincere thanks of St. George's, No. ;!7, were tendered,
for the kind way they aided them in their trouble. On the same date,
the thanks of the lodge were tendered to Kilwinning Lodge for the
loan of their jewels and the many kindnesses rendered by them. At
this same meeting, a resolution condemiung the actions of Mr. Wilson
was ]iassed, but was expunged on the 7th of ALxy, LSo8. On March
17, a concert was given in aid of the widow of Mr. Kugemer, the
sum of 8200 being realized. On Ajiril 14, the lodge attended the
funeral of James ?.Iollat, .sen., of St. John's Lodge. This year J. K.
Brown was appointed delegate to attend the Grand Lodge.

The festival of St. John was again celebrated in conjunction with
Kilwiiuiing and St. John's Lodges. On September 1, circulars were
printed and sent to the members of the late St. George's Lodge, 895,
requesting them to state whether or not they considered themselves
members of this lodye.

336

HISTOUY 01' THE

Oil account of its beiiij^ necessary to fill up the blanks sent from
tlif! Grand Lo(l<;e of Canada, the names were f^iven, and now all ig
jjcace and harniony. On December '11, H. D. ^Toorhouse was installed
master for ISol) Captain Wilson, P. I). 1). G. M., acted as installinir
master. On this same date, the lodge presented .) . K. Brown with a
past-master's jewel. On March 2, the ])roceedinf,'s of the Grand Lodge
were niatl to the lodge. On August 3, the secretary read a copy of a
hotter frnni the Grand Lodge of England to the Grand Master of the
Grand Lodge of Canada, referring to the difficulties now amicably
settled, in which the Graiui Lodge of Canada was recogiiized by the Grand
l^odge of Eiiglfind. On September 7, a communication was received
from the Grand Lodge of (Canada, with notification of change of number;
that, in future, the lodge should be known as St. George's Lodge, No.
42, of London, Canada West, and was so registered in the Grand
Lodge of Canada. In September, this lodge assi.sted Kilwinning Lodge
in laving the foundation-stone of St. James's (Jluirch.

On St. John's Day, I). D. G. AL Thomas Willson, with a statV of
Grand Lodge ofi^icers, dedicated the new hall in ancient form, and in-
stiilled Thomas Mackie as master for 1.860. At a special meeting, held
April 11, the following resolution was moved by 1*. M. Moorhouse,
seconded by Mr. Thomas Mahon, " That we, as a lodge, do hereby
signify our disapprobation of the course of conduct pursued by Lodge
209, 1. K., throughout, and request our master to refuse them admit-
tance to this lodge until the views of the Grand Lodge of Canada shall
officially be made known." On June 6, the master ordered that three
medals be struck in commemoration of the union of Masonry in
( 'anada, one of which was presented to R. li. Grindley as a mark of
esteem.

On JJecember 27, Thomas Mahon was installed master for 1861.
A little wrangling with Kilwinning, over rents, characterized the busi-
ness of the year. On December 27, P. J.Dunn was installed master
ior 1862. In the evening a ball was held in conjunction with the
other lodges. On March 5, a communication was received from the
Grand Master of Canada relative to three lodges working in an
irregular and unconstitutional manner: St. George's Lodge, 64l>, St.
Lawrence Lodge, No. 023, E. 11., at the city of Montreal, and St. John's
Ivodge, No. 209, I. It., at the city of London ; and requiring all Masons
under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of ('anada not to give
countenance to, or receive into the lodge, any person hailing from the
above-named lodges. On July 2, St. George's Lodge, No. 42,
received an invitation from the master of Grand River Lodge, Berlin,
to assist at the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of a church on July
15. This was accejjted, and the members attended. On December
.'!, a circular was received from the Grand Master, containing his
<iecisioii in the case of St. John's Lodge 209, I. li., enjoining the
brethren to cultivate and exchange friendly intercourse with such
lodgt! and its members. On the same date, a letter of condolence was

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

•»o7

sent to the widow of Williaiu Maldin. On December 27, George
Bunlett was installed master for 1803. On December 29, 1802, a ball
was held at the Tecumseh House, lodges No. 20 and 64 attending.
The amount of work done in ISO.'! was very considerable, and harmony
])revailed. On December 28, Francis Westlake was installed master
for 1804.

On January 25, a special meeting was called by the master, in
coii.seiiuence of receiving an invitation from St. John's Lodge, No. 209,

I. K., to attend the funeral of D. McPherson. After consulting the
masters of St. John's, No. 20, and Kilwinning, 64, he decided upon
calling this meeting to hear an expression of opinion from the members
of the three lodges. After some discussion, they decided to attend, on
Ajiril 6. M. D. Dawson, of St. John's Lodge, 20, stated, that he
liad been instructed to solicit the appointment of the past- masters,
mastei- and wardens of St George's Lodge, No. 64, as a committee, to
act with like committees from Kilwinning, No. 64, and St. John's, No.
20, for the purpose of trying to settle the ditiiculty, then exist-
ing, between St. .John's Lodge, 209, I.E., and the above named lodges.
Tlie committee was appointed. On May 4, a report from the joint
committee was read. This was the offering of a warrant from the
tlie Grand Lodge of Canada, to St. John's, 209, 1. R., free of charge,,
which offer was treated with contempt, as will be seen in the history
of that lodge. On October H, a dispensation was granted by D. D.
G. Master, to confer two degi'ees on S. Bigwood, of No. 4 Battery,

II. A., in one day, on account of leaving the city. Charles S. Askin
was D. D. G. Master at this tune. On December 27, F. Westlake
was installed master for 1865.

On February 23, P. J. Dunn was buried by this lodge, as he had
requested the Masons to do so, the priest having refused to perform
any burial service. On March 1, it was moved by Herman Water-
man, seconded by Mr. Ellis, that the members of St. George's Lodge wear
mourning for the space of one month, as a token of respect for the
deceased. On May 3, this lodge, in conjunction with Kilwinning
Lodge, purchased a burial lot in St. Paul's cemetery. On the 24th of
May, this lodge assisted at the laying of the corner-stone of the Pres-
byterian Church, at St. Thomas. On June 7, an invitation was
received from Eastern Star Lodge to attend a picnic at Port Stanley on
Jinie 28. At the same meeting, at the req\iest of the Master of King
Solomon's Lodge, Toronto, Mr. Smith was raised to the sublime degree
of a Master ^lason. On December 27, H. Waterman was installed for
1806. December 27, Thomas ]\Iahon was installed master for 1867,
and a ball was held at Tecumseh House in commemoration of the day.
On April 3, the lodge attended the funeral of Mr. Taylor. On August
7, a vote of thanks was tendered to Herman Waterman for the very
efiicient manner in which he had represented this lodge at Grand
Lodge, and had paid his own expenses.

On December 27, Thomas Beattie was installed master for 1868.

338

niSTOKY OF THK

Oil .Tamiary 1, St. John's Lodj^o, 20, was <,'iiuite(l one-tliinl sliiiic
in the Masonic burial lot in St. I'aul's conustcry. On Api'll I, tlie sum
of .^200 was granted toward an entertainment for the (Jraiid Lodi^'c,
On the 1 r)th of July, the lodge attended the funeral of \V. ( irillitli. Tlic
amount for charity that was expended this year was very great. On
December 28, by consent of masters of the several lodges, a general
lodge was ojjened in St. John's, No. 20, by Jas. Molfat, for the instidla-
tion of othcers-elect for the ensuing year. G. Burdett was masttT df
St. George's Lodge, No. 42, for 1809. During this year great etlorts
were made for tlie building of a Masonic Asylum, but they jirovcd
fruitless. On December 27, Wm. Skinner was installed by I'. \).
D. G. AI., F. Westlake, as master for 187;>. At the regular meetiiii,',
March 2, P. M. Baron de Camin, of Industry Lodge, No. 8(), London,
England, gave a short leotiu'e, which was well received. On Octolier
5, the master ajipointed Messrs. Burdett, Arnold and J?alkwill to iict
with committees from the other lodges to procure a new lodgeroinu.
On December 7, the committee rejmrted having secured a room over
the new building of the Huron & Erie Savings Society, at an annual
rent of SI 25.

On December 27, Isaac Waterman was installed master for 1H71.
On January 5, occurred the funeral of Mr. Hill. Ou July 1, this lodj^e
laid the foundation-.stouo of the Charing Cro.ss Hotel. On SeptemluT
0, Messrs. Smith, Skinner and Vinney, were apjwinted by the master
to confer with the committees of the sister lodges, for the purjiose of
dedicating the new Masonic Hall — the sum of S50 was granted by the
lodge to assist in defraying expen.ses of said dedication . On December
27, a joint meeting of the lodges was held for the ))urpose of installa-
tion, and John Balkwill was installed master for 1872. On January
3, the lodge was called for the purpo.se of attending the funeral of l3.
McKinney, of St. John's Lodge, No. 82, I'aris. On June 30, the
brethren attended the funeral of Thomas K. Wcstcott, and on July 2,
that of N. Watson. The membershi]) of the lodge increased very
materially during this year. On December 27, by con.sent of the
masters of the several lodges, a lodge was opened for the purpose of
installing the officers elect, with ¥. Westlake presiding. W. F. Green
was installed master for 1873. The first meeting was held in the new
hall, on January 8 ; William Moore (land agent) was the first to receive
a degi'ee in this hall. On December 29, William Thornton was in-
stalled master for 1874. On May 0, the officers presented the lodge
with a silver water pitcher and goblets. William Watson was buried
by this lodge on the 26th of October. On December 27, the lodge
attended divine service at St. Paul's — the sermon being preached by G.
M. Innes, Grand Chaplain. William Green was installed master for
the year 1875.

On the 19th of May, there was some trouble about the formation
of a lodge styled Eden Lodge, which was organized at that time ; also a
motion, that the Grand Lodge grant Corinthian, 330, a charter. Decern-

COl'NTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

339

licr 27, Williiuii Flt'iniiij; wus iiistalloil tnastcjr for l.S7(). Fcibniary 2,
Williimi (jioeii was imisenti'd with a jewel and an address. A sediti-
(U18 (Jrand Loilj^e was lonned at tliis time, consisting,' of members of
till' several city lodj,'es. Tlu! members wen; ordc^red by tin; (irand
Master to liolil no intercourse with tlusm, also requested the master of
tliis lod<,'e to confer de<jrees on members of YAon l^odj^e who so desired.
December 27, H. K. Nelles was installed master for IS77; Dr. Sut-
ton, installing' otlicer. A. S. Murray was master in ISTS atid J. C.
Ik'iniett was installed for 1<S7!>. Tliis installation was ]ierformed in
Corinthian lod^'e-room, 11, \V. l5ro. Casciiden, installiii}^ oili(!er. Febru-
ary 5, past master's jewels were jn'esented to Messrs. Murray and
Nelles. On June 4, it was moved, that this lod<,'e assist the committee
•ijijMiinted by Grand Lodge, viz., Messrs. Moll'at, I>t!wis, IWrrell, and
llungerford, to heal the members of the so-called Grand Lodge of
Ontario, by starting a new lodge, to be cdletl Union. On the 1 '.»th of
December, the lodge attended the funeral of J. M. Honnett. Andrew
Ellis was installeil master for 18<S0. James I'riddis was master in
1881 ; Mr. Hungerford being installing oflicer. On April (i, the com-
mutation of dues was carried. On June 1, a letter of condolence
was sent to Mr. Skiimer, on account of the loss of his daughtei- in the
Victoria di.saster. Same date the sum of twenty-five d dars was
ordered to be sent to the Mayor (John Cam])bell), to assi.st the dis-
tressed. On J)ecember 2, (jeorge Angus was installed master for
1882. On February I, the lodge presented P. M. James Piiddis with
a jiast-master's jewel, and on September G, the first meeting of the
lodge was held in the new Masonic Tem])le.

On November 12, they attended the funeral of Adam C. .fohnston.
No business was done this year. On Dec(!ml)er 27, Thos. H. P)runtou
was installed master for 18S;!. On January 27, George Angus was
presented with a past-master's jewel. On March 7, J. Gauld and J.
Sargent received the fir.st degree in this hall. On the 27th of Decem-
ber, Thomas J. Burgess, M. D., was installed master for 1884. On
December 29, Thomas Millman was insUxlled for 1885. On the olst
of January, the lodge attended the funeral of James Heron. On the
3rd of July, they attended the funeral of Lewis Olmstead. On the 2'.)th
of July, they attended the funeral of John Oliver. On October 17,
they attended the funeral of John Watson. On December 28, Andrew
Dali' was installed master for 188(i. On December 27, Wilbur K.
Vining was installed master for 1887. On March 1;>, they attended
the fimeral of James Donnelly. On the 27th of December, H. Bapty
was installed master for 1 888.

List of Deputy District Grand Masters of London District : — James
Daniel, 1856 ; Thompson Wilson, 1857 ; James Molfat, 1858 ;
Thompson Wilson, 1859; T. Wolfer.stan Thoma.s, 18i)0 ; George
Masson, 18G1 to 1863; C. J. S. Askin, 18(14-5; Francis Westlake,
186f ohn E. Brooke, 1868-9; George Billington, 1870-1 ; Francis
Wesi. .e, 1872; D. B. Burch, 1873; W. D. McGloghlon, 1874-5 ;

HWTOKV OK rnK

Dr. JiuiK's Sutton, l.Cl't ; J. M. IJiin^lmrt, 1S77; J. CiisoukMi, 187S;
It. B. llunt^ortbnl, 1H70 ; Kobeit McKiiv, 188(1 ; Willuun Milu.-r, 1881 ,
L. G. .larvi.s, 1862 ; II. G. Lindsiiv, 1883 ; W. (l.LiiinU'v, 1884 ; .loliii
Simpson, 188.".-0 ; Luke Slater, 1887 ; and V. N. Spencer, 1888.

.S7. John'n IaiiIijc, yu :J0, A. F. it- A. M., wiia cliiirteretl by the
Grand L()d<;e of Canada, November L'(i, 18,"ir>, and registered as No. 14,
and is now called No. L'O. The followini^ is a list of the charter mem-
bers: — .James Alotfat, William Thorn, .lolm T. Mackenzie, Williimi
Daniel, Josei>h L. Kolfe, .b)hn McDowell, Thomas Allen, Thouius
Francis, List of Wor.shi]iful Masters: — James MoilUt, LSfiO-? ; Thos.
Francis, 1858; Edwin Healhfield, 18r)'.l; Thomas T. Irvinj,', 18()U-1 ;
William Daniel, 18(1LJ; John Innes Alaekenzie, 18().". ; John Hanv,
I8(i4; John K. Clare, 186.VG ; It. Uooth, 18(i7 ; James MoMat, 18(18;
(iraham Glass, 186'.i; M. 1). Dawson, 187(1; William McHride, 1871;
Robert Wallace, 1872; William KoUmeyer, 1873; It. Luxton, 1874;
H. L. Kifner, 1875; John Wri<,'ht, 1870; A. B. Greer, 1877; Henry
Dreaney, 1878; Levi Hall, 187!*; F. H. Mitchell, 1880; William
McCadden, 1881-2; Jcseph Hook, 1883; James Dunn, 1884; Janios
H. Wilson, 188."); A. II Greer, 188(J; (Jeor},'e Elliott, 1887; Josejih
H. Marshall, 1888. James Molliit, P. M. W. G. M., is the only
charter member left.

Ktlwivmiuj Lodge, Xo. H/f, A. F. <fc A. M., was chartered liy
the Grand Lodg(i of Canada, Jidy 30, ISofj, with the following charter

members; — William Muir, Wm. Gore, Chambers, T. Wolferstan

Thomas, D. Mclnuess, C. M. Stnith, S. W. Scobell, D. McDonald, S.
A. Allen, T. F. McMullon, Thomas Francis, Charles Lea Davidson, A.
C. Hammond. List of Worshipful Masters: — William Muir, IS.'iO tn
IS.'kS; T. W. Thomas, 1859; John Harrison, 18G0 ; James H. Flock,
1861 ; Itobert Lewis, 1802; David, Glas.s, 1863; John Wyliu,
1804-5; Eobert Lewis, 1806; T. F. McMullen, 1867 and 1809;
Morgan L. Morgan, 1808 ; John R. Peel, 1870; William Carey, 1871;
H. A. Baxter, 1872; John Overell, 1873; John Ferguson, 1874; C.
A. Sippi, 1875-6 ; Thomas Brock, 1877 ; It. B. Hungerford, 1878; W.
It. Browne, 187lt ; James Smith, 1880; Rev. E. Davis, 1881; Jolui
Hargreaves, 1882; A. O. Jetl'ery, 188:!; A. L. McMullen, 18.s4;
Henry Sutlierland, 1885 ; J. H. Ferguson, 188(i ; Peter Birtwistlc,
1887; Charles C. Reed, 1888. Robert Lewis is the only charter
member left belonging to the lodge.

The 'Tuscan Lodge, No. 19o, A. F, d- A. M., was chartered by the
Grand Lodge of Canada, July '.*, 1808, with the following mend)ers:—
Thompson Wilson, John Macbeth, Gilbert L. Barnwell, -lames iMolliU,
Thomas McCracken, Edward De la Hooke, Thomas D. Mahon, Joliii
Beattie, Charles Hutchinson, John Henry Jackson, E. B. (hiswokl.

The first master was Thompson Wilson, 1808; Alfred G. Smyth,
180'.)-70; James Moffat, 1871 ; George S. Birrell, 1872 ; Edward" De
la Hooke, 1873-4; Charles Richardson, 1875-6; A.W.Porte, 1877;
R. W. Smylie, 1878 ; Charles F. Goodhue, 1879 ; Charles S. Hyinan,

loilgt
bcrs ;
Liitiii
Ion,
T

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

:!41

ISSO; .Tnlm Tavlnr, 1881 ; John Miicbetli, 1882; A. W. Porto. ISHS;
1!. W. I'.iirktir, 1X84; William J.Ueid, 188."); Gt'orf,'e F. Duraiul, 188(; ;
(J. I). Sutherland, 1887 ; K. I'anl, 1888.

I'Jdiu Lothjr, A. F, <& A. M. — A (lis)uinsation was granted to this
Iddj^e May l'.', 187o, hy tho Giand Lodge of Canada. Charter mem-
bers: — Francis Westlaki!, .lohn H. I'eel, William II. Street, James F.
Latimer, W. W. Fit/geruld, Daniel M. Howman, William D. MoGlogh-
Idu, Stilhuan 1'. (rroat, Charles A. Conover, John II. Ley, and others.
The first and only master was W. W. Fitzgerald. The lodge
iipplietl for a warrant at the animal meeting of tlu! Grand Lfxige, hut
it was not granti'd ; although K. W. Bro. Francis Westlakc did his l)est
to |irocure it. The oidy concession allowed by the firand Lfxlge was
that the work begun might bo finished, and then for the Worthy
^la.ster to return the (lis])ensation. A return of the work done was
.sent to the Grand Secretary, but the dispen-sation was not.

February 7, Mr. Francis Westlaki! asked the .M. W. the G. M.
(Mr. J. K. Kerr) for a (lis]iensation, either general in its tcfrms, or to
e.xtt'iid until the next meeting of (ii-and Lodge, that they might again
iijijily for a warrant, but tho M. W. exiilained to him that until the
(li.s]tensatioii be returned, ho, tiie G. M., could not trust him (Westlake)
with another, nor would ho say on what terms the new (lisi)Oii,-iiiti;.n
would be granted. On account of this interview and certain actions
of otluT members of Eden Lodge towards tho D. I), (r. AL, Dr. James
Sutton, and having secured tho incorporation of the (iraiid Lodge of
Ontario, this lodge and the brothron were suspended by the M. W.
the Grand Ma.'5ter.

Cor'nithhin Lodfje, 3,30, A. F. tt A. M., received its charter from
tho Grand Lodge of Canada, June 1, 187">, with the following chfirter
incniliers :— Williiim Fh^ming, William Mills, AVilliam A. I). Fiuser,
William Haymau, Samuel Crawford, Titus McNaughton, M. D. Daw-
sun, 1). Y. Hoyt, A. M. llos.s, James Cook, William I). Eckort, James
Anlill, Isaac Waterman and James Cam])I)ell. The first j)lace of
nu'cling was Allister's Hall, Adelaide Street, London East. The fol-
lowing is a list of the Worshipful Masters : — William Fhiiuing, 1875 ;
A. M. Ross, 187G, died 1880; James Cook, 1877; James Ardill,
1.S7S-'.), died 1883. On December 27, 1878, the now Ma.sonic Hall
(Crawford's IJlock) was dedictited by K. W. IJro. Cascadoii, assisted by
1{. \\ . r>ios. Waterman, Tracy and llev. llichard.soii. Basil W,
Haiiiiltoii, 1880, died 188:!; Herbert C. Simpson, 18SI ; George F
Chikls, 1882; Robert Uonney, 1883; Charles N. Sjiencer, 18S4;
Alexander Irvine, 1885 ; Otto E. lirener, 1881; ; Frank W. Lilley,
1887; J. J. Cuthbertson, 1888.

Union Lodge, No. o80, A. F. <i; A. M., was chartered Septomljer
10, 1879, with the following members : — William Halton Street, Jas.
Francis Latimer, George M. Becher, Richard B. Huiigerfoi-d, James
Motfat, George S. Birrell, Robert Lewis, William W. Fitzgerald,
William D. McGloghlon, Edward Lounsbury, William L. Judson, Joseph

:W2

HISTOItY OK THE

B. Sabiuo. David V>. Hurch, Edward K. Slater, 0. J. Bridle, William
Miller, Joim K. I'eel, Daniel M. Bowman, Egerton It. Robinson, Archi-
bald McPhersTii, W. Y. Brunton, Charles A. (Jonover, Alfred Y. Brown,
l^asil W. Hamilton, J. W. Jones, John C. Brown, Benjamin W. Greer,
W. T. Edge, F. C. Hood. The inasters uf the lodge are named as
follows :— William Halton Street, 1879-80; L. G. Jarvis, 1881; E.
R. Robinson, 1882; Oliver J. Bridle, 1888: C. L. Sanagan, 1884;
David Sohwaitzer, ISS;") ; James Peace, 1886 ; A. ('. Stewart, 1887.

Enoch Council, Ko. 10, R. A S. M., received its warrant from the
Grand Conncil of Canada, July -3, 1874, with the following charter
members : — James O'Conner, .tohn Burnett, W. R. Browne, H. L
Kifner, Jf.sei.h Bigott, W. D. McGloghlon, H. A. Baxter, I). B. liurcli,
and William Thornton. List of Thrice Illu.strious Ma.sters : — James
O'Connor, 1874 and 187(; ; H. L. Kifner, 1877 ; W. II. Browne, 1878;
H. A. Ikxter, 1879; William Hawthorn, 1880; W. H. Rooks, 1881.
N(. meetings have since been lield, but the Council still holds the
charter.

^Y. Joint's Chapter, No. S, R. A. M., G. C. C, was originally
numbered 209, I. R., connected with St. John's Lodge, 209. The
charter was granted May !■'>, 1844, by the Grand Chajjter of Ireland,
to the following members : — John McDowell, Samuel Peters, William
Gunn, Alexander S. Armstrong, David Coombs, James McDowell,
George Code, Hem'y Groves, Andrew McCormick. Tlie list of High
Priests is as fol'ows : — John McDowell, 1844; Samuel Peters, 1845.
No trace of the miimtes from this date up to I8r)9 ; neither can be
found the exact rlate of tlie different High Priests, viz., Josejih F.
Rolfe and Edward Garrett. Josejih F. Rolfe, 18o6-7. Tliere was
some trouble in the year 1859. The charter was surrenderetl by
some and held by others, vlio continued to work at odd times, with
Joseph F. Holfe as High Priest.

No miimtes from May, 18.")'.', to March, 1863. Edwin Heathfield,
1861; James Mollat, 1802 (by Grand Chapter return) ; A. S. Abbott,
1863; Richard Irvine, 1864 ;" George Taylor, 18(i.'. ; W. S. Smith,
1866; James O'Connor, 1867; Andrew McCormick, 1868; S. W.
Abbott, 1869; Richard Irvine, 1871; S. W. Ablji.tt, 1872; Janios
O'Connor, 187-"'; while Thomas Wiimett, Richard Wigmore and F. E,
Cornish were also High Priests of this Chaiiter.

A charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Canada, Kith of
August, 1873, to the following members :—S. W. Abbott, Andrew
McCormick, .lames O'Connor, A. S. Abbott, John Siddons, George S.
Birrell Thomas Peel, Duncan McPhail, John Scandrett, John Burnett,
Richard Irvine, Joseph Pigott, Richard Wigmore, W. S. Smilli, Thoma.s
AVinnett and George Taylor. The list of First Principals is as follow,s:
— James O'Connor, 1S73-6 ; Thomas H. Tracy, 1877; Duncan .Mc-
Phail, 1878; William Hawthorn, 1879-80 ; William H. Rooks, 1881 ;
William Hawthorn, 1882-3; I^enjamin W. Greer, 1884; .lohn S.
Dewar, 188.".; Jo,seph Hook, 1886; Alexander McQueen, 1887; A. E.
Cooper, 1888.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

343

St. Georye's Chaj^ter, No. 5, R. A. M., received its wan-ant from
the Grand Chapter of England, February 1, 1854. The charter mem-
bers were : — Thompson Wilson, Patrick Hennessey, J. M. Beiniett,
J. W. Little, G. F. Parke, A. G. Smyth, Mark Burgess, A. Walsh,
T. F. McMullen. The list of First Principals is as follows : — Thompson
Wilson, 1854-55; Patrick Hennessey, 1856-57; Thompson Wilson,
1858-59. A charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Canada,
Mfirch 8, 18(10. The list of First Principals is as follows : — Thomp-
son Wilson, 18l)0-()l ; James M. Bennett, 18(12 ; Thompson Wilson,
1863-(14-()5 ; A. G. Smyth, 1860-67 ; Thomas F. McMullen, 1868
A. G.Smyth, 180;i ; Thomas F. McMullen, 1870; F. Westlake, 1871
William Carey, 1872 ; W. D. McGloghlon, 1873 ; H. A. Baxter, 1874
Isaac Waterman, 1875; R. Lewis, 1876-7; M. I). Dawson, 1878
.John Ferguson, 187'J-8(»; John Overell, 1881; Thomas Brock, 1882
Andrew Ellis, 1883 ; Albert O. JelVery, 1884 ; H. C. Simp.son, 1885
Edward Burke, 188(5 ; A. B. Munson, '1887-88.

Kihvinnimj R. A. Cliapter, No. 10, was chartered July 10, 1858.
Tlie list of Excellent Companions comprises the name of William
Daniel, 1858-62. As there were no returns made to the Grand Chap-
ter, the warrant was taken i-ack August 11, 1863.

London Chapter of Rose Croix, G. H. R. D. M., Ancient and
Accejded Scottish Rite, was warranted by the Supreme Grand Council
of England and Wales and the dependencies of the British Crown,
July 14, 1868.

July 13, 1888, Colonel McLeod Moore, Sov. G. Ins. G., 33°; Capt.
Thompson Wilson, 18°; J. W. Merton, 32'; William Keid, 32^ Chas.
A, I'.irge, :\2°- William Edgar, 32^; Hugh A. Mackay, 32'; and Rev.
James I). Gibson, 32', held a meeting in the Masonic Hall, and pro-
ceeded to constitute the following brethren Knights of the Eagle and
Pelican : — Eev. St. George Cantield, Thomas McCrackcn, A. G. Smyth,
G. T. Barnwell, Thomas B. Robbs, Thomas B. Harris, James Molfat,
Thomas Beattio, W. S. Smith, David Borland, Benj. F. Byron, and
Thomas F. McMullen.

Thompson Wilson was installed Most Wi.sn Sovereign for 18(18-70 ;
James MoH'at, 1871-3; William Simjjson Smith, 1874-5; William
Carey, 1876; Thomas Beattie, 1877; George S. Birrell, 1878; .lohn
Macbeth, 1879 ; Andrew W. Porte, 188(» ; James Priddis, 1881 ;
Hamilton A. Baxter, 1882; James Ardill, 1883; Dr. James Niven,
1884; I. Danks, 1885; C. Norman Siiencer, 1886; and John Shar-
raan, 1887.

fA))idon Lodf/c of Perfection, No. A, Ancient and Accepted Scot-
dak Rife, is worked under the same warrant as the chapter, but was
started sejiarately, May 3(1, 1884. The following is a list of Thrice
Puissant Grand Masters ; — A. W. Porte, 1884-6 ; C. Norman Spencer,
l«cS7 ; J. D. Siiarman, 1888.

HaltoMat Temple, A. A. 0. U. A/. iS., was warranted by the Imjierial
Grand Council of the United States, Grand Orient, New York, on the

344

HISTORY OF THE

13th of July, 1886. The charter members were John S. Dewar, Thomas
Beattie, Joseph Beck, George S. Birreii, Albert E. Cooper, William
Hawthorn, Frederick J. Hood, (.'harles B. Hunt, Alexander Irvine,
Eobert V. Kingsmill, A. W. Porte, John A. Rose, H. C. Simjison, ( '.
N. Spencer and VV. R. Vining. J. S. Dewar presided in LSSO, and A.
W. Porte in 1887.

Richard Caiur dc Lion, Ko. 4, i^- '^- ^ A'. M., was warranted
by the Grand Commander of England and Wales, ]\Iay L".t, 18.")7. The
charter members were, Thompson Wilson, James Daniel, I'eter James
Dunn, Andrew McCormick, Andrew Walsh, John Stewart, Williiiiu
Grey. List of Commanders, Thomjison Wilson, 1 857 to 18511 ; William
Muir, 1860; T. Wilson, 1861 ; Thomas McCracken, lS(;7-8 ; Thomp-
son Wilson, 1869; James MolTat, 1870; A. G.Smyth, 1876; David
B. Bnrch, 1877-8; Thomas H. Tracy, 1879; William Hawthorn, 188i);
H. A. Baxter, 1881; Dr. James Sutton, 1882-3; John P>. Smyth,
1884 ; John S. Dewar, 1885 ; Herbert C. Simpson, 1886 ; Thoiiias
Broclc, 1887 ; Wilham Hawthorn, 1888.

The list of Right Excellent Grand Su]>erintendents is as follows :—
James Daniel, 1858-60; Thompson Wilson, 1860-2; Edwin Heath-
field. 1863; Thompson Wilson, 1864; Charles Kahn, 1865-8; T. F.
McMullen, 1869-71 ; John A. McKenzie, 1872; William Gary, 1873;
Thomas McXab, 1874 ; -lames O'Connor, 187."i ; Giiorge E. Murphy,
1876; A. G. Smyth. 1877; Robert Lewis, 1878; H. A. Baxter, I87'.i;
St. George Caulfield, 1880; William Hawthorn, 1881; .lames Noble,
1882; Robert McKay, 1883-4; R. B. Hungerford, 1885; David
Trotter, 1886 ; Samuel S. Glutton, 1887 ; Edward Burke, 1888.

The Grand Lodge of Outario was formed by Francis Westlake,
John R. Peel, William H. Street, -lames F. Latimer and William W^.
Fitzgerald. These brethren, without the consent of one lodge, ])ro-
claimed themselves a grand lodge, although there were at that time
305 lodges, re[)resenting 16,000 Masons in active membership, and at
least an equal number unaffiliated. They found many discontents
and dupes, and flourished in a small way for a short time. Lodges
were instituted in this city, also in the surrounding towns ; but now
all is pa.ssed, and only the name remains, for all the brethren of iniy
consequence were healed at the formation of Union Lodge, 380, anil
King Solomon Lodge, 378.

The Masonic Temple was begun May 12, 1881, when the following
contracts were sold : — For the brick woi'k, Messrs. Goldsmith & Gar-
rett ; carpenters' and joiners' work, Thomas Green & Co. ; cut stone
work, John Matheson ; slating, George Riddell ; galvanized iron,
Messrs. Douglas Bros., of Toronto ; plumbing and gas fitting, S. Saun-
ders ; steam fittings, McLennan & Fryer; plastering, F. Mcintosh;
painting and glazing, W. Noble ; iron stairways and gallery fronts,
Poulson & Eger, lirooklyn, N. Y. ; stone and wood carving, Holbrook &
Mollington, Toronto. The gentlemen who have represented the stock-
holders are : — President, Col. Lewis ; vice-president, Geo. S. Birrell ;

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

345

treasurer, H. Waterman ; directors, Messrs. W. J. Keid, J. 15eattie, C.
S. Hyinaii, I. Waterman, H. I). Long, and J. Priddis. Of these,
Messrs. Lewis, Binell, H. Waterman and ('. S. Hynian, conijwsed tlie
building committee. To Messrs. Tracy and Durand belong the credit
of designing the .structure and bringing it to a successful completion
March 7, 1882, when it was opened with gi'eat ceremony. The con-
tract jirice of the structure was §82,500.

Eureka Lodye, No. 80, Independeuf Order of Oddfellows, was
instituted by dispensation from the Grand Lodge of the United States,
January 0, 1854, making it the oldest lodge in the city. The charier
meniliers were : — William Smith, Geo. W. Ashton, William Hissell, H.
C. Hughes and James Westland. Eureka Joined the Grand Lodge of
Ontario, August, 18(11, with the same charter members. Tlie list of
Noble Giancls comprises tlie following names : — Richard Anderson,
William Atkins, H. G. Abbott, G. M. Anderson, ,]. Atkins, J. Darron,
T. ]]rown, sen., Thomas lirock, L. W. Crawford, W. F. Darch, T. Ellis,
Iv T Essery, Samuel Elory, J. Hunter, T, Howard, J. Hay, Ilev. W.
T. Hughan, I. 15. Inglemals, James Jmy, li. Kirkpatrick, J. Milne,
Jolm Mitchell, .F. jMills, George Mortimer, Joseph Newman, (ieorge
Powell, sen,, George Powell, jun., Samuel Powell, Frank KiddoU, E. It.
Iiobinson, .lames liogers, Wni. Skinner, A. C. Stewart, William Wyatt,
J. G. Watson, Ed. Yealland.

Forest City Lodge, Xo. 38, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted under a dispen-
sation from the Grand Lodge of the United States in February, 1857 ;
but joined the Grand Lodge of Canada West (now Ontario), August (!,
1861. The charter members were, William Smith, O. ?>. Ma]iles,
Tiionias Partridge; and CJeorge S. liradway. The list of Past Grands
comprises the names of Thomas Partridge, James Smith, Andrew Mc-
Corniick, William Harrison, William Bissell, Edmund Beltz, F. C.
Hanson, C. S. Collett, M. D. Dawson, Henry Ijcdtz, H. E. liuttery, A.
J. ISn.'mner, George Shaw, J. W. Fletcher, Solomon Perry, II. F.
Matthews, ,T. M. Weir, William Bell, John J. Porter, Thomas G.
Lfjwe, Th(jmas Lawrence, William Kisk, W. H. Wigmore, James Uell,
W. H. Warren, A. B. Greer, J. F. Howie, C. F. Colwell, Jolm
McDonald, 1). A. McDermid, Fred. Wilniott, John Fairgreaves, J. M.
Shaw, William ^Liddiford, John Tweed, John Brown, George Fox, P.
J. Edmunds.

Dominion, IahUjc, No. 4'*^, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted by dispensation
Se])tember 18, 18(17. Charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Ontario
August 1(1, 1868. Charter mend)ers :— J. J. Dyas, .L W. Jones, Hiram
Kordes, Donald McPhail, J. C. Dodd, Angus Grant, Isaac Hogg.
Meet in Oddfellows' Hall, Dundas street. List of Past Grands: — -I.J.
Dyas, J. I). Dodd, J. W. Jones, William Jones, Isaac Hogg, Cl. T.
Ciinipbcll, M. D., James Smith, Angn.s Grant, sr., C. H. Cooper, W. F.
Howell, C. D. Tutlord, M. D.. T.' W. Smart, Wilmot Wood, John
Hislop, Hem-y Bell, sr., Henry Merritt, William Greer, J. K. Master,
H. J. Boyd.

346

HISTORY OF THE

Victoria Lodge, No. 1, Daughters of Rehekafi, was chartered by
the Grand Lodge of Ontario, Decembers, 18f)9, the members being : —
William Bissell, James Heron, .1. J. iJyas, F. S. IJewey, John lia^ley,
Mary Bissell, Sarah E. Partridfic, Harriet Pringle, Agnes Douglas, aiul
Margaret Heron. The list of Noble Grands is as follows: — J. J. Dyns,
John Atkins, Robert Kirkpatrick, Jaines Bell, John Ferguson, T. G.
Lowe, Isaac Leighon, and Mrs. Church. Meet in Oddfellows' Hall,
Dundas street. Victoria, No. 1, has seen many u])s and downs; l)ut
still it IS the mother of the llebekahs, not only in this jurisdiction, Imt
in the Continent of America.

Chorasin Lodge, No. 190, 7. 0. 0, F., was organized under dis-
pensation, August 7, 1S7(), and chartered August l(i, 1877, with the
following members: — W. J. Shaw, F. Hickley, A. Efner, J. Haytiiiin,
D. L. Hardy. The Past Grands are named as follows: — W. J. Shaw,
O. Kichards, C. Crosbie, H. T. Staiidfield, Rev. G. W. Calvert, William
Reid, J. Hardy, T. W. Standfield, T. Lee, F. Showier, Wm. Jacobs,
J. A. Mathews, W. G. Willis, IL Ma.xwell, C. R. Somerville, James
Fitzgerald, J. Cairncro.*s, A. Somerville, Wm. AUister, James Smith,
James Welford, Wm. Watts, John Wliittaker.

May Queen Ijodge, Ko. o. Daughters of Rebekah, was chartered
March 14, 1884, the members being:— 1\ L. Hardy, T. W. Stanfiekl,
William -Tacobs, James Fitzgerald, A. E. Sommerville, Emma Hardy,
Mary Standfield, Allie Standfield, C. N. Cumiingham and Mary L.
Fitzgerald. The Noble Grands have been : — D. L. Hardy, Mrs. D. L.
Hardy, ]\Irs. H. C. Merritt, William Jacobs, Mrs. J. Smith, A. Som-
merville, Miss Mary Saunders.

Harmony Encampment, No. 3, I. 0. 0. F., was organized under
dispensation by the Grand Lodge of the United States, September 8,
1865, with the following members : — .James Smith, M. D. Dawson,
(Jeorge Powell, John R. Peel, Richard Wigmore, Robert Chapniau,
Robert Ander.son and Edmund lieltz. Upon the formation of the
Grand Encampment of Ontario, they received a charter from that body,
August 11, 18()ll. The li.st of Chit4' Patriarchs is as follows: — James
Smith, M. D. Dawson, Edmund Beltz, C. Miners, T. G. Lowe, C. F.
Bingham, G. :\Iortimer, W. Darch, T. Blackwell (D. D. G. P.'s, as
well), E. R. Robinson, John Mitchell. J. Watson, Estey Lowe, J. Sliaw,

Samuel Powell, R. J. C. Dawson, William Bissell, Isaacs, John

Milne, John Hunter, Samuel Flory, Thomas Brock, J. Howell.

Adelphian Encampment, No. (iS, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered June
27, 187'J, with the following members :— Edmund lieltz, E. R. Robin-
son, CI. T. Camiibell, F. Riddell, J. S. McDermid, F. Harding, W. T.
Stenberg, T. P. Blackwell, William Riddell. Harry J. Boyd, C. F.
Ayers, W. M. Greer, C. F. Col well, W. J. Craig, James Burr'iss, J. W.
Maclaren. Meet in Oddfellow.s' Hall, Dundas street. The Past
Chief Patriarchs are : — E. R. Robinson, Edmund Beltz, Dr. CI. T. Caui])-
bell, H. J. Boyd, Henry Merritt, W. T. Stenberg, T. P. Jilackwell, C.
F.Bingham, Frank Riddell, L. W. Crawford, G. ]\L Anderson, R.J.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

3i7

Blackwell, W. F. Darcli, W. Jacobs, James Hardy, A. K. Ferguson,
\Vm. Maddiford, .1. L. Spry, John Brown, Frank Barnard, and John
Barnard.

London Unifoiin Degree Camp, No 1, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered
with thii following members : — Etlmund Beltz, H. .1. Boyd, E. R. Rob-
inson, W. T. Stenberg, John Herald, George Heron, James Burriss, R.
.1. Blackwell, A. K. Ferguson, E. A. McCormick, (J. F. Avors, W. T. .
Fletcher, A. Sommerville, D. L. Hardy, W. T. Darch, H. W. Wheeler,
J. Hardy, John Dumi, A. K. Shaw, Fred. Showier, James L. Spry,
Williiim"^ Kinsman, R. J. Southcott, R. McBride, J. M. Shaw, H. C.
Merritt, John Dawson, W. J. Craig, Francis Barnard, William Maddi-
ford, William Jacobs, John Brown, H. (J. Allison, Frank Iliddell, Wni.
Riddell, Alex. McDonald, John Mitchell, W. E. Stanley, John John-
ston, Frank Harding, W. H. Shaw, John Tweed, (J. M. Anderson,
.lolni Hayman, T. P. Blackwell, W. J. Minhinnick, C. R. Sommerville,
S. Shaddock, T. Lee, M. D. Dawson, W. H. Payne, (ieorge Mortimer,
>I. W. Rowlands. This was finally done away with, and London
Canton, No. 1, of Patriarchs Militant, formed in its stead, with the
same brethren as charter members.

London Canton, Xo. 1, PatriarchH Militant, was organized Dec.
:ll, 188."), as a thoroughly military organization, with Captain .lohn
Brown, Lieutenant Frank Riddell, P^nsign W. T. Darch ; Lieut-Colonel
E. 11. Robinson and Major W. T. Stenberg, 1st Battalion, forming the
stati:

Loyat City of London Lodge, C. 0. 0. F., in connection with
tlu! Manchester Unity of Oddfellows of (Janada, was organized under
(Iis]H'nsation by the Grand Lodge of Canada, .lanuary 'A, 1870, the
witnesses being W. Parsons, T. Willing, J. Way, T. Hobbs, S. Harris,
C. Bickell, D. Evans, L. Clarke, T. Tindal. The list of Past Noble
Grands is as follows: — W. Phillips, W. Hudson, J. P. Sherrin, R.
Clarke, W. H. I'hillips, (jleorge Hodges, W. H. Esserv, George Jarman,
James Thorn, J. A. Phillips, William Row, A. Dick, John Day, W.
Buckingham, S. King, J. Gt)ward, R. J. Cripps.

The Oddfellow.s' Hall was completed and dedicated in August,
187"), by Forest City. Kureka and Dominion Lodges, tlie owners.

Court Pride of the Dominion, iVo. ofjau, A. 0. F., is the oldest
court in the city. The charter was granted by the Executive Council
of the High Court of Ancient Foresters of England, at a meeting held
in York, .Fanuary ;'>, 1872, with Francis Rawlings, High Chief Ranger.
Tile charter members were : — H. T. Reason, John Bignall, Thomas
Co])t', William Chamberlain, George Medhnrst, Alfred Goldsmith,
Joseph Garrett, John Home, John Nutkins, Peter Bailey, G. W. Cox,
Simeon Hott, Charles Marham, William Taylor, Richard Morris,
Kicliard Terrv, Alfred Butler, Heiu'v Stratfold, William Calder,
Arthur Cook.'T. S. Minton, T. A. Harley, J. E. Hughes, Samuel
Trajjleton, d . Taylor, J. H. Tollhurst, George Berry, Phil. Burroughs,
John Penecott, John Henderson, C. Hillyard, William Kingsworth,

348

HISTORY OF THE

Cliavlcs Wlieolhonso, -lainos llico, .fainos Tlionipaoii, Cliarlos Mukpr,
Charles (iowev, David O.xley, John Maddtiii, liichavd IJuttoii, Uii^hard
Davuy, Frank lfii,t,% Levi Hodjikiiisoii, John Cole, .(osepli Jinkinsoii,
Henry Holder. This lod<;e first met in Morrill lod<^e-rooin, llich-
luond street, now in xUbion Block. The Past Chief lian<i;ers an-:
—11. Dntton, A. I'.ending, W. Moore, T. S. Minton, T. Cole, J. Wilkin.s,
A. J. Mar.sh, W. Foster, K. Taylor, J. Heanian, C. E. Keene, II. 8.
Kockett, Edwin Lee, T. C;oi)e, H. Stratfold, G. Tavlor, H. J. Carter
W. H, Bartlett, E. Hickson, J. Cook, W. H. Brooking. \V. Kiley, H.
Graham, Matthew Looney and Frederick JJossiter.

The Forester Club was organized in November, 187:.', with William
Balkwill, president; ]>. Drake, V. P.; James Smith, S. T. ; S. (i.
Moore, James Glenn, jun., and H. Ilayward, managers.

London United, No. 1, A. 0. F., Juvenile Branch, was chartered
by the Subsidiary High (Jourt of ( 'anada, the guardians being James
W. Woonton, H. James Carter, and Richard Taylor, of Court "iiieil.
The jjresidents of this lodge were Richard Taylor and S. Yelland.

Court Forest City, No. 'i7/f4, A. 0. F., was chartered by the High
Court of England, October 21, 1872, the members being George
Calver, Peter Toll, and Edward Clayson. The list of Past Chief
Rangers comprises : — Peter Toll, Thomas Butler, Wm. Whitehead,
John Philli])s, W. H. Brown, R. W. Tim.son, T. C. Bartlett, Charles
Pugh, George Berry, T. A. Wright, Joseph Newman, Edmund Head,
J. H. Martin, Wm. Gammage, Josejih Simmons, John Dilloway, George
Taylor, F. Ball, and James Falkner.

Court Forest Queen, No. (ioOJ, A. 0. F., was chartered by the
Executive Council of the High Court of Ancient Foresters of Eng-
land, June 1, 1881. The charter members were : — Thomas Flinton,
W. R. Nichol, and M.J.Walsh. The Past Chief Rangers are:— J,
Hislop, M. J. Walsli, W. Tvler. W. Louuhrey, F. W. .i. Ball, J. H.
Nichols, G. E. Pickell, E. Pierce, J. Kelly, A. Drewe, Dr. W. J. Mitchell,
A. E. Lewis.

Glenwood Conclave, No. 2-^, K. S. F., received charter from the
Supreme Conclave of the United States, October 25, 1883. The mem-
bers lieing : — Maurice Searrow, W. T. Dulf, J. Deacon, J. M. Piper, M.
D., John Thorburn, J Im CJosling, R. S. Rockett, A. Sutherlaml, Fred
Templar, S. R. Maniu >s. The Past Commanders are : — Fred Temp-
lar, Maiu'ice Searrow, .lohn Thorburn, and J. Deacon.

Knights of Slierivood Forest, No. Jo, received charter from the
Grand Conclave of the United States, November 1, 188;!. The mem-
bers were: — Thos. P. Hobbs, E. Reynolds, John Dilloway, 11. W.
Timson, Jas. W. Woonton. John A. Elms, F. Toll, John Martin, ('has.
Pugh, Thos. Nickle, and W. Smith. The Commanders are named as
follows : — T. P. Hobbs, F. Reynolds, William Gammage, George Young.

Court Stella, No. 7047, A. 0. F., was chartered by the Sul)sidiary
High Court of the Dominion of Canada, February 13, 1884, the mem-
bers being: — Alex. K. Shaw, John Nutkins, and Robert Moule. The

COUNTY OF MI1)I)1,ESKX.

349

Tiist Chief Rangers arc : — James Vaiistone, J. J. (.'uthbertson, George
Eweii, Jolin Nutkiiis, .losej)}) Amov.

The Suirreme Court of Indcjiendent Order of Foi'estera was or-
giuiized 'luly 1, ISSl, at London, with Dr. Oronhyatckha, Sui)reme
Cliicf Kaiiger; E. S. Cummer, Sujireine Secretary; T. G. Davis,
.Su|irenie Treasurer; and the foUowiiig members of the Executive
Council :— Dr. Oronhyatekha, E. Bottrell, Prof. Herbert C. Creed, E. S.
Cummer, T. G. Davis, Thomas Mihnan, M. D., and .John A. Mc-
Clilhvray.

Court Hope, No. I, I. 0. F., was chartered by the Sui)reme Court
of Canada, August 22, ISSl, the members being Alexander Aikinan,
T. G. Sutlierland, Frank Kirchmor, Thomas Holmes, A. M. Shrieves,
Tliiinias Motley. Thomas Hartford, AVilliam Coo])er, (ieorge Pacey,
.1. K. Klock, M. D., and Thomas Gerrie. The Past Chief Hangers are
T. G. Sutherland, A. E. Hourd, Thomas Hartford, Thomas Gerrie, T.
F. Gibson, J. W. Cryer. H. Gibbons, H. P. Allen, A. McQuire iuid P.
Matthews.

Covrt Dvferin, No. 7, I. 0. F., was chartered by the Supreme
Court of Canada, January 1, l.S8:>, with the following members :—Jas.
Crawford, "William Trall'ord, Hiram (Jharlton, J. Fred. Cryer, A. B.
Murdock. Fi'anz Ashenback, Silas G. Moore, L. N. Vail, George R.
Sanderson, (^eorge Parish, Alexander B. Fenwick, M.D., Jolm L. Vail,
Vincent Teneck, J. Andrews, John Edwards, Robert Mum'oe, Jolin A.
Sclmeidcr, James Palmer, (Jeorge Porter, John Porter, En(jck Mui-jihy,
,I()hn Leathorn, R. H. Elliott, J. R, Gilroy, W. Sjjeiice, and J.Woodall.
The Past Chief Rangers are James Crawford, Richard Hancock, Franz

Ashenbach, A. E. Fessenden, F.J. Bowen, Fit/water, Hemy (Jib-

bous, Alexander Aikman, A. Swa^ie, Henry Pratt and Thos. Aitkens.

Court Welcome, No. 1,:\ I. (K F., was chartered Se))tember 21,
188."), with the following members : — William Bryant, George H. Mc-
Clelland, Joseph Amor, M. Walmsley, R. Bissett, A. E. Johnson,
Henry Hull, John Macredy, O. M. ]5elfry, ^l. I)., ll. (iilmour and
A. Tait. The list of Chief Rangers is as follows : — William Bryant,
(Jeorge McClelland, and W. L. Dundas.

Court Maple Leaf, No. IG, A. 0. F., (juvenile branch) was organ-
ized under dis])ensation, Deccmbtn- lo, 1885, with (jteorge Berry,
Thonuis C. Bartlett, Walter Richards, of Court Forest City, No. 5744,
as guardians, and the following oflicers : — President, Thomas Wilkey ;
vice-president, T. C. Bartlett ; treasurer, John Nutkins ; secretary,
Walter Richards.

Mydie Court, No. Q59, I. 0. F., was instituted Aug. 3, 1887, with
];. B. Hungerford, George Durand, J. Callard, R. F Wright, M. C.
Fitzgerald, Charles McDonald, John Overell, James H. Hodgins, W.
S. Rycard, G. W. Lampkin, Thomas Hood, James Ferguson and Dr.
H H. McCallum filling the respective positions. The Chief Rangers
of this Lodge were : — John Callard, ,J. D. Sharman and Franklin
Wrioht.

;{5u

IIISIOIIV UK TIIK

('i)arl liuhhi Hood, No. '>'J, (\ 0. F., wiis diarU'ivd by llic Hiirl,
Ciiurt of Ciiiiiulii, .liUiuary 1, 1881, tlic luombtTs buiiij,'-. — (it'or^'o Tiuci.,
.1. L. Twiiod, T. (1. Suthurliiiui, .1. JI. Loavoiis, (i. ]{. AlliMi, .lulin
KlL'iinu<^, Win. (!my, Cliurli's Stuv^'es, Williiiin Yoiiiij;, M. ('oiiiKirs,
Chiirlcs Kims, .). If. Flock, Eiios P.. Smith, (ieov^'e H. Wosthikc, .bilm
Mason, -loiiii SiM'i'iiton, Siimuc!] Sorwiton, (]r(!orgn Pucoy, 11. W. Wil.^dii
and (.'. W. I'lock. Tho Pa.st Chiof Kanj^tirs, are: — (u'orn;(i Trace, .1. I,.
Tweed, Solon Wolverton, John W. Elliott, John KI(;min'<,', ii. F. liydor.
Thomas Fleming, John Mason, William Gray, Neil Cooper, Andrew
Kirkpatriek. and Hd. Walton.

Court. Victory, Xo. 4, 0.0 F., was chartered by the High Court (if
Canada, Sejiteniber 8, 1882, witli the following members : — Alfrcii
Allen, Kobert Allen, John Ashworth, J. N. Heattie, John II. Chaimuui,
Charles Doe, William li. Falls, Henry Ferns, James Granger, 15. W.
Greer, Charles Horton, Robert Howard, John HoUingswijrtli, ,Io.se|)li
Hamilton, William Hawthorn, A. H. Hawthorn, J. H. Jennings, Kd.
Kettle, T. L Ln.^combe, John Lajitliorn, James Law, John Mid'licll,
George McMroom, 11. McLaren, William McNeill, George McNeill, A.
McPherson, John McGill, II. M. McElheran, 11. S. Gates, F. H. Itoliin-
son, Maurice Sciirrow, J. W. Stantlfield, Edward Towe, H. A. Tlioiiii).
son, James W. Thorpe, J. D. Wilson, M. I). The following an; l'a.st
Chief Hangers: — li. M. ]\IcElheran, Edward Towe, ^laurice Scarmw,
H. A. Thomi)son, J. W. StandfieUl, Charles Doe, .]. W. Thoi'pe, F. H.
Kobinson, H. Cater, D. C. Kennedy, John Law, John Heed.

Court Defiance, No. 7, C. 0. F., was chartered August 28, ISSL',
with the following members: — Alfred Cave, W. J. Crone, Tiioniiis
Burridge, Francis Forman, Benjamin Slade, C. W. Walker, W. J.
Element, Thomas Ellis, Paul Wyrtz, Richard Adcock. The Past Cliiuf
Rangers are: — -T. F. McLachlan, Alfred Cave, C. W. Walker, Paul
Wyrtz, A. Anderson, William J. Nickle, E. A. Reed, J. R. Barrell,
George Harper, John Ellis and Thonu'is Atkinson.

Court Orient, JS'o. lf>0, C.O.F., was chartered September 22, 1886,
with tho following named members: — John Walker, Thomas Burton,
Dennis Hartson, Austin M. Robinson, J. G.Dean, James Lucas, J. W.
Fraser, R. T. McBride, G. H. Grafton, H. G. Collamore, C. N. S])encer,
T Sweeny, J. H. Wilson, Thomas Crofts, A. R. Tringle, W. H. French,
W. M. Allaster, James Greenway, Cieorge Meors, H. D. Lee, W. C.
Arbuckle, W. H. Anderson, Frank Kirchmer, John Glen, A. McBride,
and Neil McNeil. The Past Chief Rangers are C. N. Spencer, .lames
Greenway, and Neil McNeil.

London Council, No. i2oo. Royal Arcanum, was chartered May :!,
1880, the members being : — W. H. Street, W. H. Bartram, E. Palmer,
Charles F. Colwell, J. A. Moorhouse, Charles A. Stone, James McMar-
tin, John W. Kelly, C. M. Hume and W. D. McGloghlon. The list of
Past Regents is as follows :—Edmond Palmer, W. H. Bartram, (J. F.
Colwell, J. M. Logan, Alexander McBride, A. H. Fessenden, A. B.
Munson, Cl. T. Campbell, M. D., John Millar, Walter Bartlett uud J.
H. Adams,

CiiUNIV OK MlIiDl.KSKX.

•6r,i

Pavitijoii (kmvc'd. No, 7h, Royal Arcanum, was chart(!i'otl May
1, 188;'), till! iiiuiiiburs huiiijj;: — N. Wilsijii, John roller, A. R, (Jalpiu,
Thomas MaddocUs, M. F. Tii])])er. M. .). (.Jlass, (J. A. Kalus, A.
Wlicatdii, William PudiKiV, Kiaiik Kircliiiuii', Alexander Aikinaii, A.
McMicliatd, .). L. JWnwell, Thomas M(;(!oey and liobert M. (Jraliani.
Till' I'asl lie^eiits are :— Alexandc^r Aikmaii,Tliomas Muddocks, JaiiKis
M.Siailh, 11. ('. Symoiids, T. T'. Mortimer and T. (1. Davis,

In May, 1S88, {\w following rejn'eseiiteil London at, the me(!ting of
the (!ran(l Council of the Jloyal Arcanum, which was hidd in St.
Catharines: — From London Coinudl, Walter Harllett, Past JJej^ent ;
I'anigon Council, Thomas Mortimer, Past Kepient; and London South
Council, A. C. John.son, Pa.st lJe<,'ent. The ollicers of (! rand Council
tnjin London are: — Cl. T. (."anipliell, .M. 1)., A, 1>. Munson, Past
Recent, and d. Po]»e, Past Keoent.

Mi/vflc. fAhh/e, Xo. ;.', Knii/ltfs of P)/t.hias, was chartered June 24,
IST^i, with the followini; menihers: — .lames Smith, S. (iill)ert Moore,
.Siuiiuel driyi,', Thomas Shelton, do.sejih Percival, I'eter Wyckoif, Wm.
1). Uiddell, John Williams, Jo.sejjh Pjilton, John White, Samuel F.
Koliiuson, Thomas I'artridj^re and Uicliard Wiomore. The list of Past
Ciiaucellors is as follows : — .lames Smith, .John Williams, F. T. IJichard-
son, Thomas Mackey (died 1877), F'rankSana<^'an, Frank Camiil)ell (died
18S6), 11. Carrother.s, Phil l5urrou(,dis, H. A. Willis, O. E. Hreiier, J.
Fisher, C. Dunne (died 1881), C. WheeUiou.se (died 1884), T. A. Harley
(died 1884), Wm. H. Street (died 1880), F. K. Hall, Ja.s. Adkins, Kil.
Galiiin, William l^attershill, T. J. Boyd, W. Uarville, Milo J. Jiaker.

Pythayoras Lodge, iVti. i-.^ K. of P., was instituted July .SO, 187"),
bv (;. V. C. Hawthorne, with D. F. Cordiiigly, P. C., and G. Waddell,
K. of S. & K.

Mizpah Lodge, No. S2, K. of P., was chartered by the Grand Lodge
of Ontario, June 10, IS84, the mendjers being: — J. F. F'itzgerald, Benj.
S. Case, Richard Poulton, George U.sherwood, G. W. .Johnson, Henr}'
Thomas Smith, W. H. P>rown, Thomas Hetherington, .1. A. McGennis,
William Heathfield and Ira Landon. The list of Past ChancelIor.s
embraces Alexander Gardiner, John F. Fitzgerald, Richard Poulton
(1. W. PJastow, T. F. Mitchell, J. A. McCJennis, Benj. S. Ca.se, T. s!
Bradford, Thomas Hueston, James Fitzgerald, Charles E. Jarvis, M.D.,
Thomas Hetherington.

Beatrice Council, Order of Chosen Fi'iends, was chartered by the
Sujireme Council of Chosen Friends of the United States, June 15,
1882, the members being : — Dr. C. H. Moore, John Turnbull, A.
Whittaker, Samuel Rouse, J. F. McDonald, Robert Hornsby, Alfred
Crouch, Robert Logan, James Porteous, Thomas Fitzpatrick, A. Lucas,
J. Walmsley, John Waters, David Allison, Frank McLean and Chas.
Brediu. The Chief Councillors are : — -John Turnbull, Alfred Crouch,
James Malcolm, John A. McHarg and T. C. Porteous.

St, George's Society was organized as a social club in 1847, with
the late Edward Matthews president. The first dinner was held at

852

IIISTOUY OF TIIK

lUlkwill's Hotel on tlio 2."»rd of Aju'll, IS47. It was nsiia) on the 2;ir(l
of Ai)i'il (which is St. Goor^'i-.'s l^ay) to roast an ox, which the members
carried in jirocession throui,'li the streets, and then had ", <,'reat jolhlica-
tion, which often lasted a week, This was finally abolished, and the
clnl) disbanded. (Jn December U, 18G7, it was reorj;anized in its
]iresent state, with F. Westlake ]ir(!sident, having for its object the
uniting; of Englishmen and Welshmen and their descendants, and to
render assistance to one another. The former jnvsidents were : — Kdward
Matthews Francis We.stlake, John Siddons, II. Taylor, W. H. Essory,
•lames (iriftin, (ieorge I'ritchard, Thomas Heanian, John l'hilli]).s, J. H.
Pritchard, William Trebilcock. J, li. Barons, Edward Dela Hooke, W,
H, Bartram, K. W. Barker and John l!. Cox. Tiio society was incor-
jiorated in 1871 .

St. Patricl''f< Society was organized in IS,")!). In March, 18.")1,
I'atrick Smyth and Freeman Talbot, of London, Patrick Mee, of
Adelaide, and Edward Mahon, of St. Thomas, were admitted mem-
bers ; and in 18.">2, James Shaidv, jr., J. Daniel, A. S. Abbott, Francis
Smith, P. G. Norris, ('. Montsarrat," Dr. Phillips F. Mctiill, P. Cox, P.
Mnrtagh, Nicholas Wilson, P. Mart, John McDowell, W. .Ashberry, J.
Tall)ot and .). Prown, were ofliccjrs. For a nnmlier of years tliis society
exercised a powerfnl inflnence for good ; bnt the organization of the
Irish Peuevolent Society tended to the disruption of St. Patrick's,
and approjiriated many, if not all, of its u.sefal princi])les.

The IHsh Benevolent Society was organized March 18, 1877, with
Lient.-C'olonel James Shanly, president; Hugh Macmahon, Q, C„John
Peattie and Daniel Pegan, vice-presidents; John F. Mahon, treasurer;
James Magee, corresponding secretary; John Smith, financial secre-
tary ; H, D. Long, W. R Meredith, James Egan, Ifichard Bayly, .1, J,
(jibbons, John Taylor, John Wright, Benjamin Cronyn, Henry WiLson,
iNIartin O'Meara, Dr. Sippi and A. B. Powell, executive committee;
Drs ]\Ioore, Haggarty, CJoing, Brown and Mitcliell, physicians, There
were nine life members and forty active members enrolled, the receipts
being §l:!0, among whom were :— Thomas Coil'ey, W, Hudson, Hiram
Lee, li. Wigmore, M. Flaharty, J. M. Keary, Peter McCann, Pi.
Keightley, M. D. Eraser, J. O'Connell, Thomas Peel, 1). Lester, A.
I.ougin'ey, J. McAulille, M. Walsh, P. F. Boyle, M. Curry, J. M. Mc-
Donald, Alderman, Tliomjison, J. D. Sharman, J. Martin, J. Taylor,
James A. Roe and T. Phelan. 'i'he jiresiding officers of the Society
for the la.st <iecade are named as f(jllows : — Hugh Macmahon, now
Judgeof Queen's Bench, 1878; H.D.Long, 1879; D. Regan, 1880;
Benj. Cronyn, 1881 ; John M. Keary, 1882; John Smith, succeeded
by John Labatt in 188:'. ; Dr. (J A. Sipjii, 1884; James Magee, 1885;
W. J. Reid, 188G ; B. C. McCann, 1887 ; and Thomas H. Smallman,
the jn'eseut jn-esident. The first secretary, James Magee, was suc-
ceeded l)y P. F. Boyle, and he by Christopher Hevey. B. C. McCann
served as secretary from 1882 to 1887, when J. B. Vining was elected.
Wm. Tliompsoii, of the Advertiser, is the present incumbent, filling

i HEASAM'i' HUNTINQ.

till' (.(H(

.A 11,1,'ii.st,

Messrs,

I'. F. J{f

W That

1111(1 .1.

Bfivit' sli

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Ollicers \

vicc-pres

vic'(N|)l'(!s;

tiiry, P. J
«iniiuittu(

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Lnliatt, 1).

InViiio of t

lit'kl in ill!

is I('arii(3d

or itarties,

of its kind

Its objects

♦lo.scondaut,

relieve thos

M<:'iiei'ally.

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l».v Kev. Vi

-Mullcern, vi

1882. liev.JI

and F. K H

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recording se

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president; Ti

s'lall, recoi'dir

financial seci'c

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O'lJieily and

Kecorrler of tf

'J'ftp Onfai

ued.JuIy 14,

Clan Fra
Scottisli Clan,
give benefits.'
23

COUNTY OK MIDKLESKX.

zn:\

tlif (iltiw with tliftt iittDiition wliich marks his joiinialistic career. In
AiiLjiist, ISHS, the uiinual mcctinj,' was held. Tliere were present: —
Messrs. H. U. McCanii, ]>resideiit ; .1. IV Viniii-^, reoordin<^ secretary;
1'. K. Hoyle, financial secretary; W. .1. Heid, H. 1). Long, J. M. Keary,
W Thompson, P. Mnlkern, T. I'halen, .1 V. O'Jiynic.. .lerry Collins
i\ii(l .1. Kearns. The annual financial statement submitt((d by Mr.
Bovle showed a cash balance on hand ot'S(f)4.18 ; assets (market value),
!?7(iS.4r); liabilities, ^5(). (if) ; excess of assets over liabilities, ^tiol.TtJ.
()l1icers were elected as follows : — President, Thos. H. Smallman ; first
vict'-jiresident, Dennis Daly ; second vice-president, P. Mulkerii ; third
vice-president, Thomas Phalen ; treasurer, J, M. Keary ; financial secre-
tary, P. F. l{oyle ; William Thompson, recording secretary. Executive
Cdiiunittee:— \V. .1. Pvcid, H. D. Long, .1, W. Little, li. ('. McUann,
Stephen (Irant, J. P. O'Byrne, James Magee, J. B. Vining, John
Liiltiitt, D. Kegan, J. J. (Jibbons and Thomas Connor. The annual
piiMiic of this society is said to fonn one of the most pleasant meetings
licld in all (,'anada. From the circular issued in November, 18H.S, it
is learned that the Society was orgiinized irrespective of creeds, classes
or ]>iirties, in the year IS77 ; it has been, and is, the oidy successful one
of its kind in ( 'anada, and it has had a useful and honorable career.
Its objects are to cultivate fraternal relations among Irishmen and
(lesceiidanta ; to cherish the worthy memories of the Emerald Isle ; to
relieve those in distress, and to promote the well-being of Irishmen
generally. The motto is, Qui>i separabit.

The Catholic lAterary .Vocif^// was organized in November, 1881,
by Kev. Father O'Mahony, who was elected first president, with P.
Mnlkern, vice-jn-esident, and M. J. Gleason, secretary. In November,
1882. IJev. .AL.l. Tiernan was elected president; W. J. McOuigan, M. A.,
and F. F. Harper, vice-presidents ; Rev. Father Walsh, chaplain ; T. J.
O'Meara, treasurer ; P. F. Hoyle, financial secretary ; M. J. Gleason,
recording secretary ; B. C. McCann, J. J. Blake and James Vining,
managing committee; J. Starr, J. J. Blake and Charles Harjier,
am iidment committee; M. Masuret and L. Wieser, auditors. Bishop
Walsh was the patron of tlie society.

Th' Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, Branch No. 3, was
organized in May, 1878, by T. A. Burke, S. D. D., with Dr. Phalen,
president; Thomas CoU'ey and P. O'Rielly, vice-presidents; T. Mar-
shall, recording secretary ; E. Gibbons, assistant secretary ; A. Wilson,
financial seci'etary ; J. J. Gibbons, treasurer; John Dennehy, marshal ;
M. llartman, guard ; with Messrs. CoH'ey, J. J. Gibbons, Wilson,
O'Kielly and Burke, trustees. S. R. Brown w.as elected Grand
Recorder of the Canadian association in 1888.

The Ontano Catholic Mutual Beneiidaiij Association was organ-
ized .Inly 14, 187!i.

Clan Fraser, No. .{J, O. S. C. wan chartered by the Royal
Scottish Clan, March 2, 1888, the object being to unite Scotchmen and
give benefits. The charter members were : — Thos. A. lirowne, Francis

:i54

HISTORY OF THK

Love, Wiilfor Fairbaini, John Fairgrieve, .fului G. Joiios, Tlioinas Gray,
James Keid, liobei't K. ("owan, J. \V. Mcintosh, Ludwig Iv. (Jamenm,
Jolin W. Jones, Tliomas Gillean, Alexander McTagyart, M.D., liol)ert
Eeid, jr., L)i'. James Macavtliur and Alexander Fraser. John Fair-
grieve is chief, with L. A. Browne, Secretary.

Ia)~hIoii Circle, No. J^8, was chartered by the Snjjreme ( 'ircle of
Canadian Home Circles, June 13, 1887, with the following members:
C. A. Kingston, Kobert Kirkpatrick, T. H. Purdom, W. J. Carson, W.
T. Strong, William Jones, W. T. Gartley, W. S. Rliycard, James Fair-
bairn, .lames ^Muiihe.'id and ,Tohn Hargreave. The I'ast Leaders are,
C. A. Kingston, Kobert Kirkpatrick aiul William Jones.

Bntish Lion Lodge, No. ')o\ Sons of EnglxDtd, was chartered
November 24, 18S7, with the following members : — Henry Thomas
Smith, .)ohn Nutkins, Henry Stanyer, Peter Pojie, Joseph Simnidiis,
C. S. Thorne, James Legg, Wm. Trick, Samuel Yelland, V/. Pickani,
L. Wells, C. ^^^ Belton, ]\L D., and George llawlings. The presidents
are H. C. Sim})son and Jose])h Simmons.

Chelsea Lodge, No. o7, Sons of England, wfis chartered by t lie
Grand Lodgu of Canada, March L'(i, 188(3, with the following mom-
bers : — H. J. Caster, Henry Poi)liani, Wm. Grindley, A. E. Aslito!i,
Wm. ]Moore, F. St. Georg'j Thompson, G. T. Hiscox, E. P. Kobin.sdii,
Dr. Stevenson, Dr. Jarvis, Dr. Pringle, Dr. Jones, Wm. Hridgman, and
W. Court. The ]>residents are named as follows: — E. II. Pobinsun,
H. J. C;arter and F. St. George Thomi«on.

Fidelity Lodge, No. 5, Ancient Order rf United Workmoi, wa^
chartered by Supreme Lodge of the A. 0. U. W. of Ontario, May :i9,
1878, with the following members: — F. J. Hood, M. D. Dawson, W.
R Browne, William Dodson, J. A. :\ritchell, J. W. K(dly, J. H. Ten-
nant, J. Ashberry, J, A. Pose, Jas. A. Kennedy, P. B. Hungerfurd,
F. H. Mitchell, M. D.

Ontario Council No. L'OP, was chartered by the Senate of tiie
"^^ational Union, April 20, 1886, the mend)ers being : — Walter Bartlutt,

."). S. T. Bryce, Alex. McDonald, Charles Stevens, J. S. Deacon, P.
K. Cowan, Alfred Talbot, Peter McVean, David A. Smith, K. G. Bowie.
The liist of presidents is as follows: — Walter Bartlett, Geo. S. T. Bryce,
Alexander McDonald.

London Division, No. GS, B. L. E., was chartered by the (Jrand
International Division of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in
1808, the members being William Windtield and Thomas Brock. Tiie
Chiefs are :— Thomas lirock (the first to bring a charter into Canada),
and Peter Tera])le at the present time.

Beaver Lodge, No. 117, B. L. F., was chi."lered by the Grand
Lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen of the United States
and the Canadas, Augu,st 14, 1882, with the following members:—
Thomas Bell, Edwin Chapman, Charles Collinson, Charles Bredin,
John Elliott, George Ryder, George; Bowman, William Strongman,
Robert Lister, Alfred Crouch, S. S, Fletcher, Jolin W. Cox, William

COUNTY OF MIDULESKX.

355

Temple, ratrick rackhani, Humy Angles, William Youiij», George
Aiii,'lt'S, John Dickson, Edward Lowe, Alfred I'rodger, Thomas Cass-
weil, William Emsley, It. Gowanlock, Hobert Hornsby, William Robin-
son, Alexander V. ]\IcLean and George Hall. The presiding oiHicers
were K. Gowanlock and Robert Hornsby.

Forest City Lodge, A'o. 24O, B. R. B., was chartered by the Grand
Ldiiue of the lirotherhood of llailroad lirakenu-n, September 10, 1880,
tile members b(;ing : — G. H. Hawthorn, Jame.s A. Sloan, James F.
McDonald, M. Driscoll, A. Douglass, John Wilson, D. J. Hopkins,
Wni. H. Farrell, D. Murray, G. A. Jolmston, J. D. Fortune, John
Law, John Gillinan, J. B, Adams, Homy Scarcliffe, A. McDonald,
Samuel Welsh, John Connors, Ed. McCarthy, John llich. They meet
in Albion Block, llichmond street Tin; list of mastcjrs embraces the
fdlldwing names: — G. H. Hawthorn, James McDonald and M,
Driscoll.

Liindon Branch, Amal cjatnated Society of Carpenters and Joiners,
was organized December lo, 1871. Of this Fergus IJ. Lloyd is presi-
dent; Robert Bonney is secretary.

Bricklayers' Union, No. 5, was chartered by National Union of
Bricklayers of the United States, September 30, LS81, with the follow-
ing named me'-bers : — Edward liaughton, Scott Murray, Walter
Gibling, Alexander Todd, T. W. Chennal and Abraham Bending.
Frank Gray is jiresident, with Jos<iph Hawthorne, secretary.

Master BricJdayers' Association was organized Dec. 21, 1885.
The presidents since that date are named as follows : — Wm. Heaman,
H. C. Simpson, and E. North, with H. C. Simpson, secretary.

London Union, Ko. 1, Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators,
was chartered by the General Assemljly '"'' Painters and Decorators,
May 1, 1887, the members being W. T. Pace, li. W Timson, James
W. Woonton, F. J. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzgerald, and David S})ence. The
list of ])residents embraces tlie names of W. T. Pace and R. W,
Woonton.

L<diorers Union of London, lYo. ;?, was chartered by the Builders'
Laborers' National UnioTi of ('anada, July 1'5. 1887, the members
being John Layzell, I'atrick Barrett, and David Jennison. John Lay-
zell and H. Delaney have served as jn'esidents.

Senii-religions Societies. — The Y. M. C. A., tf London, dates back
to November, 1856, when its organization was perfected. In February,
187;'), at meetings held at the residence of Mr. Denton, North street, it
was resolved to organize a regular Young Glen's Christian Association
ujion a more systematic and larger basis. Sulisequently, rooms over A.
.luhnston's leather store, on Kiohmond street, were lease<l and occupied
by the association, which at a later date removed to apartments in the
Oddfellows' Hall. They also held meetings in the old ^..orrill Temple,
and about ten years ago the former New Connexion Methodist Church,
on Clarence street, was secured, thoroughly overhauled, a new white
brick front, with red trimmings, erected and opened for Y. M. C. A.

35G

HISTOUY Ol'- THE

purposes, under the name Victoria Hall. The property is said to have
cost some $1 "i.OUO, but it lias boon greatly ini])roved at various times,
and is now undergoing extensive repairs preparatory to the coming
season.

The lidigious Tract and Book Society was organized .lune 5,
1805, with llev. J, Scott, ]iresideut ; Kevs. John McLean and Andrew
Kennedy; Dr. Salter, William IJowmiin, -lames Slianly, Andrew
Drummond, .1. T. Boyd, J. W. Lester, A. MiU'ray, and others, managers.
The Bible Society, established years ago, is still in existence, while in
connection with the numerous churches, are aid societies, sewing
circles, missionary societies, etc , etc.

The London Etuugelieal Alliance was formed November li',
1888, and the following officers were elected: — President, Eight IJov.
M. Baldwin, 1). 1).; vice-ju'esidents, liev. George Sanderson, 1^.1)., and
Jtev. J. A. Murray, ^L A. ; secretary. ]lev. E. B. Ryckman, D. D. ;
treasurer. Rev. W. H. Porter, M. A.

Temperance Societies. — The Olive Branch Section, Cadets of Tem-
perance, is the first society of that class referretl to in the records of
ISolJ, and Sons of Temperance next. Forest City Lodge, No. 2, B. A.
O. of G. T., arose in Dec, 1858. This lodge and kindred ones of the
order existed for some years; for in 186'), E. R. Robinson sjieaks of
joining such a society of which John W. . I ones was president. He
also r(ilates the story of his sepiiration from the (Jood Templars, as fol-
lows : — •" One New Year's night, three of us, all niendjers of the lodgi;.

were together, when Bill C says, ' Boys, Pm going to buy a bottle

of wine to celebrate New Year's ilay, temperance or no temperance ; '
and he did. Well ; we helped him to drink it, and after that I was
afraid to go back again, and I never belongeil to a temperanc(! lodge
since. That was my first ex])erience in lodges."

Edward Hillan, ])resident of the Catholic Teetotiil Society, Feb-
ruary, 18()2, asked the n.se of the Town Hall for meeting purjiiwes.
John Wright was secretary at this time. Many branches of the Father
Matthew organization were established, and exercised a most .salutiuy
influence in connection with the several ,societi(!s of the other religions
bodies. In later years, the Women's Christian Temperance Union
came into existence, continuing the great work down to the ])resent
time. The Young Men's Prohibition Club, a political tenipenuicc
organization, \v'as formed in October, 1888, when the f(dlowing-
luinied oflieers were elected •.—I'resident, W'm. Scarrow ; 1st vice-presi-
den*,, .1. H. Bowman; 2nd vice-president, W. H. Winnett ; secretary,
J. I ). Keenl(\yside ; assist;uit .secretary, K. F. Matthews, jr. ; financiid
secretary, D. A. ]\IcL)ermid; treasurer, J. F. Iverii. The Ibllowinj^
were elected as an executive committee: — C. Hutchinson, Dr. Irvine,
W. Y. Hrunton, J. D' arne.s.s, Wm. Ourd, J. Wilkens, and 1. M. Miiyell.
Anti-Slavery S elety. — In Septeinl)er, 18ri2, Rev. S. \l. Ward,
agent of the .Vnti-Slavery Society, visited London, and, although a
colored man, preached in the Methochst New Connexion Cha])el. After

his
.Mc(

Svnit

this

cnnd

their

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

357

liis lecturo, a branch of the society was organized, with Ecv. Win.
McChire, j)resi(lent; Kcv. K. lioyd, secretary-treasurer; Revs. John
Scott and W. F. Clarke, Dr. Salter, John Fraser, Dr. Wanless, Wni.
Rdwland, and A. JJ. Jones, directors. The Fut^'itive Chapel followed
this organization, and nieasm'es were taken, not oidy looking to the
comfort of rcifngees, but also to means for njscuing the slaves from
dii'ir inhuman condition.

Ii((se Ball. — In the fall of I8()S the first base ball tournament was
hi'ld at London. At this time the Young Canadians, of Woodstock,
wvri'. the chani] lions, but were beaten by the Majile Leaf Club of
(iuolph, who held the championship until 1876, when Fred. Gold-
sTiiith, I'hil. Powers, Georfre Latham, Mike Diimeen, Joseph Hornung,
Mike Ledwith, Thomas Gillean, Thomas lirown and William Hunter,
the Tecuniseh nine, won, the score being nine for Tecumsehs and eight
for Maple Leafs. In 1878 the Tecumsehs disbanded, after having
bci'ii awarded the International Base Ball Cham]iionship, February 19.
This action of the dull was considered mystical a decade ago, some
persons stating that, having won everything, the nine determined to
close on the honors.

The ]iresent club of tlie same name is one of the leading ones in
the International League. The London syndicate, V)y whom it was
organized, watch clasely after its interests. The old club of 18ti8,
looking on at the game of to-day, would indeed be puzzled at the
changers which twenty years liave brought round ; and yet some pioneer
ball ]ilayers cannot be satisfied, some preferring the game of former
times, and others making comparisons like this : —

" Oh, yt's, I saw ttio players ami their parti-colorcd socks,
Ami the ' captain ' and the ' umpire ' and tlie ' jiitcher ' in the box ;
Tliey are modern innovations tliat I noted as I sat
Aloft with you ; it won't compare witli Two Old Cat !"

In June, ISG'.i, a new base ball club was organized, with D Perrin,
.lolin Harris, ^^^ McLellan and James Wodds, officers. The title
iulo]ited was Tigers, A large number of nines have been organized
since ISCi'.t, but the old and new Tecum.sehs have so shaded them, that
little or nothing authentic can be learned of their beginning or end.

The F. and G. P. A. — The Fish and (lame Protective Association
celebrated the sixth aninvcn'sary (if organization on May 17, 1881. Dr.
•I. S. Niven was elected president ; Dr. W. Woodrutf and W. C. L.
Gill, vic(!-presidents ; David Skirving, treasurer and secretary ; S. C.
Elliott, John Puddicombe, A. McUae, Thomas H. Sniallman, H. Bruce,
\V. S. Strong and L. McDonald, executives committee. The associa-
tion accomplished many of its objects, and to-day, under the ins])ector-
ship of Peter McCaim, there is no place in Canada where river fisheries
are better protected.

Social (Hubs. — In early years the social club was introduced ;
for it is said that in 1832, in the wilderness of Adelaide, the com-
nmted pensioners erected a club hou.se and carried it cm until the hard

358

m.STOUY OF THE

work (if clearinj^ the forest reiniiided the members that tlieir chil)
days had i)assed away. Duriii<; the garrison days of London a militavv
or civil chib always existed ; l)ut not mitil the organization of the
jM'esent London Club, and the completion of their house, did sucli an
association attain permanency. The London Club of to-day claims a
number of representative men, and represents a great deal of the
wealtli of the city. The house stands on the site of an old hotel, on
tlie south .side of Qucen'.s avenue, ju.st east of Jiichmond street

The Bruvi^vAd- CIvh (formerly called "The Bachelors'") wa.=i
organized in 1871, having for its aim the jn'oraotion of social inti'r-
conrse and moral im])rovement. Their rooms were for some time in
Hunt's Block, afterwards in the Oddfellows' Hall, and now in the
Masnnic Temple. The ])resideuts of the club since its organization are
named as follows : — Willinm Green, 1871 ; A. W. Porte, 1872 ; -Tames
Triddis, 187^!; Frank Leonard, 1874; John Bland, 187o ; George
Priddis, 187C ; W. L. Blake, 1877; C. W. L(!onard, 1878. In Decem-
ber, of 187'.i, the name was changed to "Brunswick Club," on account
of Slime of ilie members having ceased to be bachelors and not wisliiiig
to give up their membership. Robert Wallace was jiresident in 1879 ;
John W. Colelengh, 1880; George 1). landless, 1881; W. K. Turner,
1882; W. Elliott, 188.".; Edwin Panl, 1884; W. A. Gunn, 1885;
M. D. Dawson, 1X80; Eobert Iteid, 188? ; W. J. Nicholson, 1888.

The Young Men's Conservative C'lnh was oi'ganized in 1878. The
list of ])residents gives the following ruunes : — John Smith, .lames B.
('ook, John Priteliard and Henry Vivian. Since the reorganization of
1885, the following- named havt' been ]iresidents: — Patrick ]\Iulkeni,
Richard Bland and Alfred Wignion^

llw Bivovlat) Cluh, of London, was founded in 1884. The presi-
dents are named in the following list: — -L L Payne, George More-
head John Steven.son, A. D. lliirdv and C. G. Jarvis. The .secnitaries
hav(! been :— T. H. Pope, R. A. Bayly, J. P. IMoore, R. A. Little, witli
G. N We( kes, recorder.

The (lermnn Aid Soeieti/ was organized Feln'uary 1, LS88, with
eighteen memljers, iis a social club, and idso to render mutual assist-
ance, with President Webber and Secretary Featherstone, priuciiml
officers.

An OhJ-Time f'lvb. — A. K. Thompson's reminiscences, pnl)lisIuMl
in the (Quarter Centiu'v issue of the Adverfine); s]ieak of a strange
organization that existed here abont 18(io. He states : — " We had a
club then, you know, with Pill Norris. Artliur Sydere, my.self, 1). ('.
Maedonald, Jack Macdonahl, tJeorge Birrell, Ed. Meredith, Wm. V>\r-
rel, Angus Webb, Tom Clegg, Fred Ashton — and he could write a good
article, too — all these young fellows in it, to the number of about 40.
It was ju.st a social club. It was called the Hellfriar (!lub. \\e
didn't give it that name. Outside folks did after they got on to u.s.
We used to get posters jirinted, lampooning anyone who made himself
conspicuous ; and one morniiij, the people would wake up and find the

town
came
Would
tiua'e's
tlien t
written
written
You ha
£ir.i),0(
to get
liipior,
a jioiice
sally oui
who got
sleej) at
city. A
garrison
tln'ng (.V(
then; wa;-
wci'e boil
luuigcrs,'
dubbi'd ca
Canmiie ^
hear wjiat
Early
amu.senien
stocks and
early days,
the records
t'ley, at lea
was issued
IjL'illg fifty
license to'^JV
On Augu,st
at the Thcal
A liceiLse t
issued to S(
h'cense was
theatrical lii
perform in t
and 81 for ej
for llie jirivil
wliile J\Iicha(
o{ the Londc
<'o lield an
s'lilliiigs licer

fifty Sl'liliillcrs

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

359

town placarded with these posters, and they wouldn't know where they
came from. 1 have often heard people discussing them, and one
would say: — ' I tell you, that thing was never written in this place;
there's not the talent. It's someone in Toronto has done that.' And
tlien the others would agree with him. All the same, they were all
written up in our club room in .lohn Cootes's block. After they were
written and approvcid of, we used to get hold of old Peter Cavanagh.
You have heard of him. Some woman in Australia left his daughter
£l."ill,0O') afterwa.ds, and he's a pretty rich man nov/. Well ; we used
to get hold of Peter, who was the city bill poster, and fill him up with
li([Uor, and he'd lend us his brush and paste. There wasn't much of
a jiolice force then, so about two o'clock in the morning we would
sally out, and in two hoiirs have the whole city billed. But the people
wild got it worst were the mushroom aristocracy. They could hardly
.sleep a1; night for fear next morning they would be posted all over the
city. And how we did rip them up. How some of the oflicers in the
garrison would get it, too. 1 Uit ' The Magenta Rangers ' was the best
tiling ever came out. You know, at the time of the Trent aifair,
there was great military ardor awakened all over (.'anada. Companies
were being raised, and regiments formed; so we raised the ' Magenta
KiUigers,' on paper, and we had pretty nearly everybody in the city
dul)lH>d ca])tain or colonel. That was the best of them all. Just ask
Cainniie Macdonald what he remembers about the ' Hellfriar Club,' and
hear what !'e says."

Early Theutrrs, etc. — There can be l;)ut little learned of the early
anuisenu;nts ja'ovided for the villagers. The tragedies of 1831-7, the
stocks and the whipping-post, formed the grim amusements of very
early days. Later, the garrison theatricals claimed attention. From
the records of the city, however, the following memoranda is taken ;
they, at least, give a name and a date which are authentic : — A license
was issued to Kickwell & Stone to hold a circus at London, the tax
being fifty shillings ])er day, in June, 184:!. On June (J, 1S43, a
license to Mr. Wall, for a lecture on phrenology, cost thirty shillings.
On August 28, 184.">, a license was issued for the otlicers' performance
at tlie Theatre Itoyal, the fee being seventeen and one-half shillings.
A license to sell s])irits at the Th(!atre Royal for one evening was
issued to Sergeant Lloyd, SeptemVier 11, 1843, and ALartin Rykard's
license was transferred to William Winslow. On October "J, 1 843, a
theatrical license was issued to Messrs. Raymond, Rivers & Co., to
perform in the Mechanics' Institute, the fee being S4 for the first night
and SI for each succeeding night. T. E. Csborne paid thirty shillings
fur the jirivilege of exhibiting his learned pig on October 31, 1843 ;
wliile ]\Iichael McGarry applied for license without costs on the ])art
of the London Theatrical Company, in October, 1844. W. Tulford &
Co licld an exhibition of wax figures here in 1844, paying twenty
sliillings license. A circus company was also here that moTith, ])aying
fifty shillings per day license. The London Theatrical Club gave an

360

HISTORY OF THE

entevtainineiit in March, 1847, for the relit;f of tlic famine-strickt^n
people of Ireland. The club paid thirty shilliiij,'.s license, and this sum
was refunded to Secretary Montsen'att, of the relief committee. I)urin<r
the two .succeedin,^ decade.s, music <and the drama made some ]iro,ii;resH.
Musical Organizations* — The first realmusiad society in Londrm
was organized about 186"), Mrs. Eaymond being its chief jironiottM',
assisted by Mr St. dohn Hyttenrauch, a genthiiuiin who came to Loii-
don in 1858, and who has ever since been ]ironiincntly identified with
musical alTairs. After several years' work, that society dissolved, and
the London Music^al Union was bnmght into cxisUmce, ^Ir. St. .loliu
Hyttenrauch being the conductor. There were nearly 100 voices in
its ranks, and its operati(jns extended over a jierioil of about three
years. Tlie vocal strength of tlio organization was sui)])leniented by a
fine orchestra, ]\Ir. Geo. 1}. Sip])i ])erforming the duties of leader. The
concerts were given in the City Hall, where large audiences assembled
to enjoy the rendering of sucli choice com])ositions as " Spring" and
" Mozart's Twelfth Mass." The Musical Union having become a ])art
of the silent past, anotlier organization was brought into existence —
" The London Philharmonic Society," which enjoyed several successful
seasons, but ceased to exist some four or five years ago, chiefly owing
to the lack of public support. Dr. Verrinder was its conductor (hu'ing
the greater i)art of the time, but about the last season Mr. St. John
was chosen to fill the jiosition. Among the comjwsitions given were
" The Messiah " and " The Rose Maiden." The society lapsed into a
dormant state, and has not since revived. One reason for the lethargic
condition of the society at present, doubtless arises from the fact that
our best and most enertfctic choir leaders are devoting; their be.st efforts
along the line of improving the organizations under their charge, to the
exclusion of any general society. There is not a little rivalry among
the chief choirs of the city, and good voices are quickly picked up and
trained for public service. One general organization existed four
years, and must not be overlooked. This was composed exclusively of
male voices (about twenty-five in number), under the leadersliifi of
Mr. W. J. Birks, who has scored great success in this city as a choral
leader.

Church Choirs. — The largest in the city at present is that of the
Dundas Street Centre Methodi.st Church, with 75 voices, Mr. Birks as
leader. The organ in this church cost 83,000, including improvements.

The St. Peter's Cathedral instrument, as it stands, cost $7,000, hut
when the organ builders have fnisiied their work it will have reached
the large sum of SDi.OOO. Dr. Verrinder, a brilliant organist and a
thorough master of musical science, is the i)residing spirit at this instru-
ment, and has an excellent choir of over 40 effective voices.

St. Paul's Church is the fortunate possessor of a beautiful S(i,00()
organ and a surpliced choir of 48 voices, who render a cathedral service
under the talented directorship of Mr. George B. Sippi.

* By William Thompson.

COUNTY OF MIUULESKX.

361

III tlio Queen's Avenue Methodist Church stands a ina<,'Tiificent
oi'fjaii, costing S'J.OOO, over wliich Mr. J. \\. Featherstone presides
with acknowledged skill. He has a choir of some 70 voices.

St. Andrew's rreshyterian Church posso.s.ses a liandsorac; new
§5,0(10 jiijie organ, with a choir of .some 30 voices, under the enicient
direction of Mr. Wilson.

Miss A. McLeod plays the organ in the Adelaide Street ]Ja])tist
Church, and in Queen's Park Methodist Church Miss L. Holmes is the
organist, and Mr. 1). 1^. Hardy, Ictader.

Miss JJella Cole is the regular organist of the King Street Presby-
terian Church, but recently the position has been filled by Mis,s
Murriot.

The Memorial Church congregation are also favored with the ser-
vices of an excellent choir, in which there are over 40 voices, well-
trained and doing admiraljle vocal work under the directorship of
Mr. William Barron, whose taleiits as a musician and teacher, and
whose zealous, untiring elforts in the promotion of good music are well
known to the public. The Memorial Church organ cost S-,000, and is
a very fine instrument,

The Wellington Street Methodist Church possesses a pijje organ of
considerable compass, which is presided over by Miss Rogers, the choir
leader being Mr. Geo. Bragg.

The pi]ie organ used in Christ Church is of crediUible dimensions,
costing about $1,500, and is played by Mr. W. Halle, a skillful
musician.

Recently a fine new organ, costing S2,000, was introduced into the
London South Methodist Church, and the organist is Mr. J. E. Thorne.

A fine organ in Knox Presbyterian Church in that suburb is also a
source of attraction. It is played by Air. A. Geiger.

In St. James's (Ei)iscopal) Church there is an excellent instrument,
play(>d by Mr. Wm. Ellis.

Miss Minnie Raymond presides at the handsome instrument which
adorns the interior of Park Avenue Presbyterian Church.

The organ in St. James's Pri;.sbyterian Cliurch cost about S.SdO, and
presents a fine appearance. Miss Alice E. M. Summers is the i)layer,
and Mr. W. J. Crone is the choir leader.

An excellent jiipe organ is used in the King Street Methodist
Church, ])layed by Miss Daniels. The choir numbers about twenty
voices, and is under the leadership of Mr. Cha.s. Thorne, an enthusi-
astic and successful tonic-sol-fa man.

In the Congregational Church the musical service is leil by an
effective choir, of which Mr. T. Allen has been the leader for years,
^ir. A All.'!!! presides at the instrument. The introduction of a fine
pipe organ is contemplated by the church authorities.

An efficient choir leads the singing in the Talbot Street Baptist
Church, Mr. T. H. Thornhill presiding at the organ. Those mentioned
above are the leading cliurch musical organizations of the city, and afford

3H;

IIISTOKV 01'" Till';

an idoa of wliat London can boast in tliis r('3p('nt. All tlio other
cIiim'cIk'.s aro sujiplied witli or{,'ans of inod(;i'atu size, and enjoy the
prcst-nce of choirs that do themselves credit.

Ihinds. — Any musical sketch that made no allusion to the bands of
Lond<jn would be incom])lete. One of the first combinations of this
class was the PiuBiiix Kire Company Band of l<sr)8, Mr. Sheiller, a
German, bein.i,' the leader. Next came the Artillery band, formed
about IS.I'.i, and whieli subsequently was organized into a brinade
band for the whole volunteer force of tlie city. This band did duty
dining the first Fenian raid. Mr. St. John resi^'ued the leadership after
the raid, and the band then ceased active existence. After tlie fbrnia-
tiou of the battalion a new military band was organized, and was for
a time in charge of Mr. Metcalfe, the organist in the Homan Catliolic
Church. Mr. St. John succeeded him, and about IH73 or ]S7-i Mr. VV.
H lliscott took charge, and retained it until last spring, when Mr. Aug.
Andersen, an e.x])ert and accomjilislied musician, took control. For
three years the 2(Jth Battalion had their hcadcpiarters here, and Mr. St.
John was leader of the band until the ex])iration of that period, when it
was removed to Strathroy. At the present time there are also three other
excellent l)ands here, viz , the London South or Foresters' Band, ]\Ir.
Kettlewell, leader ; the Forest City (colored) Band, led by Mr. Ions;
the Salvation Army and several string bands. Mr. Andersen is also
the ])0])ular director of the Grand 0])era House orchestra.

Not a few amateur musical organizations have gone forth in Lou-
don to amuse the public, and this city has been always the home of
that old organization, the Tiolman Opera ( 'ompany.

The Loudon Musmd t'»io»,as perma \ently organized in October,
IHT"), claimed tlie following-named officers :- -Mayor Cronyn, president;
Lieut.-Colonel Lewis, Hermann Waterman, W. 11. Meredith and Alder-
man P]gan, vice-presidents ; St. .lohn Hyttenrauch, conductor; John
Cameron, honorary secretary, U. W. Smylie, treasurer ; W. H.
Macqualter, assistant secretary ; Dr. Sippi, S. Chadwick, E. I'lumnier,
J. H.Griffiths, .lohn Marshall, J. H. Fraser, G. I>. Sippi, Samuel I'eters,
W. Furness, Josiah i'dackburn and A. T. H. Jolmson, executive com-
mittee. Among otiier well known names were those of Harry Gorman,
J. Skeffinglon and Thomas Colfey. The orchestra comprised twenty-
three memb(!rs ; the V(jcal circle, eighty-eight members; and the non-
performing members, eighty-three.

Bodrd of Trade. — The London Board of Trade dates back to April
22, LST)?, when forty-two residents signed the constitution, in fact, by
giving their names as subscribers to the amount of £1 annually. The
names of the original members were : —

Adam Hope.
J. I. McKenzie.
H. Clii.sliolm.
Alf. II. Veiinor.
G. M. Ouuu.

Win. Gordon.
David Farrar.
Chas. tf. Hope.
Walter Siinp.son.
,Ianca Coyne.

Edward Adams.
L. Lawrason.
Hobt. Reid.
E. H. Hymaii.
A Panl.

Fred. Rowland.
M. Anderson.
William Plionias.
.lolin R. Labatt.
Edwin Heathlield.

COUNTY OF MIUULKSKX.

363

.1 C. Mi-Itito.sh.
[.iiMiel Kitlout.
Joliii F'.iiTcll.
C. I). Slmw.
T. H. IJuekloy.

Hugh Rose,
I). Mttclio.
J. M. Iknnett.
Jas. C. Macklin.
E Leonard.
Win. (llass.

Chas. MonHarrat.
Cliark'H \V. Kuut.
Win. W. Street.
S. Morrill.
F. Smith.
Henry Mathcwson.

John .Mer(!(lith.
John 15. Smyth.
John Carliiig.
Win. Mc Bride.
Wm. K. Sanford.

Tlio first meetiiif^ after orgiuiization was hiM in tlio Morcaiitilo
Lilirary room, Crystal Block, (sincti extinct, the Palmer IJlock now
occuj»ying its site) when a draft of constitution was presented and
adopted, and the following olVicers elected: — President, Adam Hope;
vic(!-liresident, Lionel Kidout ; secretary, -I. C. Macklin; council, J. I.
McKenzie, John ?>irrell, H. ('hisholm, C. I). Shaw, Walter Simpson,
Cliiis. .]. Hope, T. H. Buckley, (J. M. Gunu, James Coyne, D. Farrar,
E. Leonard, (.'has. Hunt, and Jose[)h Ander.son.

The actions of the Board from the time of its organization to the
])resent date have been cliaracterized in the main V)y a Jealous regard
for the genercil interests of the community, and a jterusal of the
minutes is all that is necessary to demonstrate the fact that their influ-
ence was exercised ujjon the broad ])rinci))l(! of equal rights to all. In
noticing briefly a few of the more imi)ortant events in which the
ISoard trok an active interest (which interest had a direct influence in
sliajiing legislation principally of a civil cha'acter), it must not be
thought that tliat the Board ignored the requirements of municipal
reform. Their action in this respect was equally prompt and active,
the interests of the city and citizens being ke])t well to the fore.

The first matter that occupied the attention of the Board was the
amending of the usury laws so as to increase the rate of interest from
6 to 7 per cent., and to enable persons to collect on pvomissory notes,
etc., any rate of interest that might be agreed U])on.

The liaiikruptcy Act was also felt toaHbrd inadequate ])rotection to
the creditor so as to fortify such against the intrigues of the fraudulent
debtor. The Board strongly advocated that the con.seiit of two-thirds
of the creditoi's should be required before arrangements could be made
witli the debtor, and that a majority (jf the former approve of the
judge's decision before a full discharge could be obtained. Petitions
embodying the f'-'vmer views were forwarded in each case to the Legis-
lature.

1m 18.")8, the ]>oard oll'ered vigorous opposition to the ajiplication
of tlie (Jreat Western l.'ailroad for power to create S8,00(),OUU of pre-
ferential stock for the construction of a road princijially through
Michigan. They objected to raising such a large anunint on a Canadian
enterprise, to be spent in opening up a foreign country.

In the same year the Board condemned the proposed increase of
tarili; as being subversiv; of the principles of free trade, and a policy
that sought the ju'otection of the few at the expense of the many. In
lN")'.t. in rciply to the Inspector-General, the Board denounced the
excise duties as class legislation, and recommended tlieir total abolition.
A petition was forwarded to John Carling in 18 GO, for presentation

.•'.64

IIIHTOUY OF THE

bcfdiv till' House, rocoininciidiiit,' tli(( jtostponenu'iit i)f Mr. flult's
scliciim lur cslulilishiiij,' ii biUik" of issue, in onler to ,t,'ive the eoiiiitry iin
oplioi'tiiiiirv to coiisiiler tlie jivojiosition. In 1801, tlie cstalilishineiit of
n i^niin e.\e]iiin,ne in connection witli llie Hoard was discussed. In tlie
same year tlie attention of I'lirlianieiit was called to the action of the
(irand Trunk Ilailway and fJrcat Western Railway in witlidrawinj;
rolling' stock and refusini^ to ja'ovide suflicient facilities for the trans-
portation of Cincals, and discriminatini,' in favor of the United States,
esyiecially as the railways \ven> considered to he j,'reatly indeht(Hl in a
})ecuniary manner to the city and surrounding' country. The year
ISOii witnessed a <;eneral outcry a<iainst the influx of United States
silver currency, as the latter Government had lowered its standard of
value. In the sto]i]iiiio of its excessive circulation in Canada, the
Board took an active ])art. In 186."), with C". 1). Shaw as iiresident,
the Board decideil to avail themselves of the advantages of incorpora-
tion, and a jietition to that etVect was forwarded to the Le^'islatiire,
which received assent on Au,i;ust 15, 18ti(3. Th(i lioard in 1804
expressed themselves stron<,'ly iii su])i)ort of the Reciprocity Treaty of
1854 between Great Britain and the United States, as it had jiroved
beneficial to the ai,'rictUtural and manufixcturiiiij; interests of the
Province, and they were ])repared to stron^dy deprecate any attempt to
abrof^ate the existint; treaty. The abolition of local market tolls was
also advocated, wliicli su<:gestion was idtimately adopted by the
municipal autlunities. The Board also stroii<;ly opposed a projiosal
to amaltjamate the Grand Trunk Railway with the Butl'alo & Lake
Huron Road, as it would remove competition ; and Parliament was
memorialized to refuse the a|)])lication.

In 18611, the scheme of the Great Western Railroad for the construc-
tiou of a line to run from Glencoe to Canfield, was opposed by the Board,
who considered that the adoption of th(! proposed jilan would divert the
through traffic, and the main line of London would be converted into
a branch. A de])Utation was ap] jointed to wait njion the Government
and secure the refusal of the charter for the proposed extension.

The Board at various times indulged in discussions of questions
atf'ecting the trade policy of the country, such as protection, recipro-
city, etc.

The construction of the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, in 1 870,
was decided ujion mainly through the exertions of the Board ot Trade,
who appointed a committee and a board of provisional directors for the
furtherance of the sclieme. On their appeal, the city granted a bonus
of Sl'I'l.OOO, and the various townships through which the line was to
pfiss were assessed for bonuses to the amount of §240,000. The cost
of the construction was estimated at $1,200,000, some 8700,000 of
wliich w.as raised by bonus and Government grant, leaving about SoOO,-
000 as the whole amount for which a rate would have to be earned
and dividend provided.

In 1871 the Board expressed themselves sis favoring equitable

COUNTY OF MIDULKSKX.

365

n>oii>r(»city with tin; United Stutcs, and appointed (hdej^ates to attend
tilt; convention held in St. Louis to discuss the question. In 1874,
iiowever, the lioard, considerinj,' the (urcunistaiices under whieii the
treaty had heon terminated, thought that projwsals lor further recii»rocal
relations shoidd emanate from the United States.

The Hoard in 1X75 took an interest in the estahlishment of the
present excellent waterworks system. In the followiii;,' yt-ar they bent
their energies to the securing of the taxation of all city jiroperty, save
.sacrcii (,'difices, aceordiiii,' to their actual value, with no exeniption.s.
In ISSO the. Jioard petitioned for the removal of the coal tolls at Port
Stanley, considering it ])rejudicial to the interests of the London &
Port Stanley llailroad.

Chamber of (kwivwrcc. — This was organized November 19, 1875,
with: — J. U. Laing, iPvesifU'ut; .Joseph .lellcry, victspre.sident ; H.
E Nellcs, secretary; A. li. Powell, E. VV. Ilyman, \V. F. I'.ullen, John
McClary, Elijah Leonard, (leorge llobinson, (Joloncl Jolin Walker,
George Handall, F. A. Fitzgerald, M. Knowlton, J. G. .Mcintosh, John
McMechan, D. Macfie, Jt)lin Marshall, 1). liegan, S. Peters, ,1. Atkin-
son, T. Peel, A. Keeniey.side, A. J. G. Henderson and Henry Taylor,
<lirectors. Its rooms were located upstairs .above the Old Arcade, near
the ju'esent hardware establishment of James Cowan & ('o., Dundas
street. The chamber w.as a popular commercial .esort, the reading
room being su])])lied with mercantile and other ])a]iers and mar-
ket ipiotations. An active interest was taken in shaping commercial
and other legislation, and, under its auspices, lectunis on political
economy and other to))ics were delivered by Mr. Sully and others.
This organization, like the old Board of Trade, fell ; but in 1881 was
revived.

MerchantH' and Manufacturers' ExeluDnje. — At a meeting held
in the Tecum.seh House on August 15, 1881, a new organization, the
]\Ierchants' and Manufacturers' Exchange, with olijects similar to thosc^
of the lioard of Trade, was ])rqjected. It was ollicereil as follows : —
President, George S. Birrell; first vice-president, John McUlary; second
vice-jjresident, M. Masuret ; treasurer and honorary secretary, J. \V.
Litti(f; council, Messrs. Fiunemore, McOormick, llobbs, Watson, Hunt,
W. J. Iicid, Marshall, Smallman, Labatt, Ilyman, Burns and j\luir.
At a subsequent meeting a room in the Masonic Temple was .selected
as a plac(! of meeting, and J. A. Nelles was ai)pointed «ecretaiT. At a
meeting held on Septend)er 19, 1881, a committee was appointed to
confer with the Chamber of Commerc 'id the Board of Trade, with a
view to the amalgamation of the van - commercial bodies in the city.
In d>i(! time the desired end was accom])lished, in December, 1881.

Present Board of Trade. — Was organized Decendier 2 1 , 1881, out
of the ]\Ierch<'ints' and Alanufacturers' Association, which included
among its members many who belonged to the defunct Chand>er of
( 'onnnerce. The name. Board of Trade, was adopted so that the liberal
uliaract(!r of the old body uf 1857 might be enjoyed. The original
members were :—

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366

HIPTOKV OK THE

T. Bcattie, Pres.
J. N. Nclles, Sec.
Thos. A.s[Hleii,
Robert Arkell,
J. Blackburn,
John Buattie,
Geo. Biricll,
Jss. Burns,
W. Y. Brunton,
Win. HowMian,
Thos. Bryan,
J. Carling,
Thos. Cliurcher,
H. J. Carling,
Chas. Chapman,
H. F. Carling,
A. Cleghorn,
Chas. S. Plyman,
Jas. WatHon,
Wm. Lind,
.las. Eaton,

F. A. Fitzgerald,
A. Finneinore,
R. A. Garlick,

G. M. Uunn,
Wm. Grcfin,
Chas. B. Hunt,
John Hunt,
W. B. Heath,
T. D. Hodgens,

Alex. Johnston,
D. Just.
W. K. Kains,
ThoH. Green,
J. H. Elliott,
ThoN. MeCorniick,
M. Masuret,
•las. Slater,
John I'lumnicr,
T. F. King.siiiill,
T. H. Marsh,
Win. Bryce,
John Green,
Geo. Burns,
D. S. Perriii,
John Marshall,
C McCallum,
W R. HobbH,
T. H. Smallmau,
J. W. Little,
A. E. Pivey,
Robt. Reii], jr.,
C. AV. Leonard,
John Campbell,
Wm. J. Elliott,
Thos. Muir,
Jas. Cowan,
J. D. Saunby,
J no. McClary,
J. F. Mahon,

Robert Lewis,
H. D. Long,
John Labatt,
J. M. Longan,
H. Long,
B. A. Mitchell,
J. R. Miiihinnick,
J. C. Merritt,
A .MeCorniick,
Wm. McUonough,
John Overell,
J. I'riddis,
J. S. Pearce,
A. Pontey,
Robt. Pritchard,
Geo. Pritchard,
John I'ritchard,
A. B. Powell,
Gen. PliillipK,
J. RoburtHon,
John A. Roe,
John D. Ivey,
L. C. Lsonarcl,
John Walker,
John Cameron,
N. Reid,
M. Lewis,
John Wolfe,
A. D. Cameron,
Geo. Merritt,

Geo. Robinson,
Thos. S. HoI.Ik,
John Callard,
Ja.s. A. Keniicdv,
John Csborue.
Josiah Dalton,
Mr. DfH|)ard,
J. K. Dawson,
M. I). Dawson,
J. .VI. Denton,
W. J. Reid,
Robert Rich,
C. Richardson,
(teo. Robinson,
Fred Rowland,
C. P. Smith,
W. S. Smith,
G D. Sutherland,
Albert Smith,
R. W. Smylie,
John Smith,
Thos. Pluniincr.
E. A. Taylor,
R. W. Viniiig,
G. F. Winlow,
H. Waterman,
Isaac Waterman,
.las. Wright,
John Wright,
Robt. Wallace.

At the first annual meeting after the amalgamation, tlie followini,'
officers were elected : — President, G. S. Birrell ; vice-president, Tims.
McCormick ; secretary-treasurer, J. A. Nelles ; council, M. Masuret,
F. A. Fitzgerald, John Labatt, James Watson, Thos. Beattic, J. H.
Laing, H. D. Long, 0. B. Hunt, 0. S. Hyman, J. W. Little, W. .1. liiid,
and John Marshall ; board of arbitration, John McClary, Geo, llobiii-
son, Thos. Green, John Beattie, James Slater, Jas, Priddis, Andrew
Cleghorn, Wm. Lind, John Campbell, Alex. Johnston, Geo. Burns, and
T. H. Marsh.

In the same year the question of municipal reform was broached,
and the Board pledged themselves to support only such aldernianic
candidates as would vote for the abolition of the ward system at that
time prevailing. A committee was appointed, who took active j)art in
the election, securing in the majority of cases the election of their
candidate, and as a result the redistribution of the wards followed.
The shaking U]» did the city good. In 1885, in view of the propo.sed
readjustment of the financial relations between the Government and
Canadian Pacific Kailroad, the Hon. John Carling was asked to aid in
securing, if possible, for his constituents the benefits of additional
railway competition. Subsequently, a petition was presented by the
citizens to the Board of Trade, which was forwarded to both the city's
representatives, with instructions to ofier and obtain all the assistimce
possible for the securing of an extension of the Canadian Pacific Railroad
from Woodstock to London. The Board worked energetically all the

COUNTY OF MIMDLKSKX.

167

wliile, and to tlieir uHorts laij^ely is due the credit of securiiif,' tlie
^Vestel•n extoiisioii. The Boanl also worked energetically for the jiro-
])osed London Junction IJailroad, and latterly, for the securing of the
Michijian Central llailroad, which was accomplished. The interest the
Board has taken in the rapid proj^ress of tlie Western Fair, and the
securing of a more ])ractical course of studies in our schools, are recent
ev(!nts, still fresh in the memory of every citizen. The securing of the
re-erection of the Grand Trunk Kailroad car shops in this city, as is
well known, is at present a matter that has largely occujned the atten-
tion of the Hoard, and is still in alwyance. The present otticei"s are : —
President, John Camijbell ; vice-inesident, T. H. Marsh ; secretary-
treasurer, J. A. Nelles ; board of arbitration, John McClary, J. S.
Pearce, W. Y. Brunton, A. D. Cameron, T. H. Marsh, A. M. Smart,
Jas. Slater, Geo. Kobinson, It, C. Struthers, T. H. Smallman. It. Keiii,
jr., A. Cleghorn; council, M. Masuret, J(jlin Labatt, W. R. Hobbs,
J. \V. Little, 1{. Lewis, John Marshall, John Bland, W. J. lieid, G. S.
Birrell, John Green, C. S. Hyman, T. E. Barker; board of examiners,
James Slater, .1. J). Saunby, J. S Pearce, C. B. Hiuit, Jas Muirhead.

Western Commercial TravcUevis Aumciation. — This associati<jn
was organized at a meetnig held in the Tecumseh House in December,
1876, H. D. Long being tlie first president ; William Lind, first vice-
president, and Joseph Atkinson, secretary-tresisurer. The deed of in-
corjioration was issued on September 11, 1S80. In it the following
officers are named : — President, James Watson ; first vice-] (resident,
Samuel Wilkins ; .second vice-president, Alfred Eobinson ; third vice-
jiresident, G. Kowat ; secretary-treasurer, Joseph Atkinson ; trustee,
George Kobinson; directors, H. I). Long, K. L. Peddie, T. P. G. Bryan,
John Dromgole, William Mayo, W. S. Case,.!. A. Miller, J. W.Lester,
John J. Quarry, II. K. Hope, .lohn Anderson. George Watt, jun., James
Smith, James l)ow and John G, Watson. The solicitors were Fraser &
Fraser. Alfred Robinson, the jiresent efficient and popular secretary,
was .ip))ointed to that office in May, 1884. In 1881, the raember.ship
was ."iGG, being an increase of 110 over the number of 1880. The
surplus increased from $2,754 to #4,188. The annual banquet was
held at the Tecumseh House in December, 1881, William Lind, pre-
siding.

The staff of officers for the year 1888 ccmsistcd of the following: —
President, Samuel Munro; first vice-})resident. W. S. Case; .second
vice-president, George H. Walker; third vice-president, R. H. Greene;
treasurer, S. N. Sterling ; secretary, Alfred Robinson ; directors, George
M. Reid, James F. Smyth, D. Mackenzie, John A. Craig, R. 'I'ait, C. E.
Sterling, James Snow, R. K. Hoi)e, John Booker, F. W, Heath. John
J. t^uarry, , lames Dow, James Maxwell, George Watt, John G. Watson,
E. O. Felt, W. T. Cockrane, W. L. Underwood ; trustee, J. W. Little ;
auditor, George F. Jewell, F. 0. A. The association looks aft«r the
interests of its members in connection with milway rates and privileges,
and has life, accident and sick benefit funds. At the present time the

368

HISTORY OF THE

reserve fund amounts to 812,000, and the membership has increased
to 720.

Manufacturing Induntines. — One of the firet manufacturing in-
dustries in the immediate neighborhood of London was Ezra & Nathan
Griffith's brickyard, on Lot ,"{2, I 'on. 1, Westminster, estabhshed in
1816. In 181!) there was not a brick house near London; but Grif-
fith's bricks wore used in building chimneys, a cow being the price of
enough bricks to build one. The first bricks manufactured in Ontario
were those at Sidney, five miles east of Trenton. They were made in
1794, and u.sed in the iirst biick-honse ever erected in Upjwr Canada
— Capt. Myer's house at Belleville — the same year. In Robert
Summer's reminiscences, he says that Nixon & Hale established their
brickyards on the Flats, ])reparatory to building the court-house, and
in June, 1828, the court-houise walls were built up breast high. They
continued making white bricks for ten years. It is not sujiposed that
Dennis O'Brien purchased from them, as the bricks u.sed in building
his store were of a reddish color Following this were the brickyards
on Bathurst street. In March, 1847, Bissell & Brown were granted
leave to build a brick-kiln.

Gi'ist and Flouring M'db. — The ])eople of the neighborhood were
fairly served in regard to mills, Doty's being situated about six
miles from the city. A man named (Jai-dner also had a mill at Spring-
bank, and Braync's mill stood near where the ladies college now is.
The manner in which the settlers used to convey their grist to mill was
a rather primitive one. They would select the crotch of a tree, which
would be cut down and trimmed, and used as a kind of sled, being
mostly drawn by oxen. Boards would be placed across the limb, and
the bags thrown upon it ; but in a few ca.ses settlers had a frame set
between two great, creaking, wooden wheels.

Tom Watei-s's grist mill was the first ever erected within the limits
of London. It stood on Carling's Creek, or the stream that coimects
Lake Horn with the Thames. Some years after its erection it passed into
the hands of James and Charles Grant O'Brien's mill, however, was
the first iniportjint industry, but as the history of the mill and its
builder is jn'eviously given, all that is nece.ssary here is to .state that it
is identical with Blackfriars mill of to day, without the modem
improvement.

Henry Fysh came to London in 1848, and purchased the old mill
of George Murray, op])osite Archdeacon Brough's dwelling. This he
oaiTied on for twenty years.

\Vm. Plewes came here in 1870, when he jnirchascd the "Meadow
Lily Mills," situated three miles east of tlie city, on tlie Hamilton
lioad, and known as one of the moit pictures(iue sjiots to be found
anywhere. The mills are said to have been erected fifty years ago,
and have had dillerent occupants during that time. Since Mr. Plewes
purchased the property he built additions, and in 188.'i introduced the
niUer process. In 1885 the property suiVered by fire, but was rebuilt

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

3G9

in 1886. The capacity of his mill ia 125 ban-els daily, giving employ-
ment to twelve hands.

Hunt Bros.' Flouring Mills were established in 18~A, by Charles
Hunt. On his death, in 1871, Charles B. Hunt became proprietor,
and, in 1878, he was joined by his brother John. In May, 1888, fire
"utted this building, destroying the roller machinery which they intro-
duced in 1885. Hunt's Block, on Richmonii street, was erected by
their father in 18(i(>, and in this building the business office is located.
The coal business was entered in 1868, their grain busine.ss in 1854,
and, in later years, the brothers organized the Forest City Electric
Liglit Co. In 18()8, they sold about 400 tons annually; now they sell
8,000 tons, with twenty competitors in the field.

Saunby's Mills may be said to have been established in 1862, when
lie and William Hilliai-d purchased the property from the Bank of
Montnial and carried on the old North Branch Mills, in London West.
Thijy were erected in 1854 by Jos. Anderson, and later by James
Smith ; a woollen mill also stood on the same lot. In 1874, Hilliaixl
retired.

Blackfriare mills were purchased by J. D. Saunby in 1877, from
George Phillii)s, and in 1882 he introduced the roller process. The
original building and machinery were the property of Dennis O'Brien,
the pioneer merchant.

Muirhead & Gartley's oatmeal mill, is in existence since 1867, when
it was started by Muirhead & Gray. Mr. Gray died about 1879. Mr.
Gartley has been coiniected with the business since 1884. The mill
stands on the site of the old Hyman tannery, on Talbot street, on the
north side of the Grand Trunk Railroad. The building is a large,
four-story one, and is well fitted up with improved machinery. It
was gutted by fire in the summer of 1888, but restored.

E. Leonard & Sons, manufacturers of engines and boilers, dates
back to 18o9, when Elijah Leonaixl, who commenced business at St.
Thomas in 18.i4, moved to London and built a foundry on Fullarton
and Kidout streets, where he carried on the business until 1805, when
five destroyed the works. In IHo.'i he also erected a large building on
York street, between Waterloo and Colborne streets, in which he car-
ried on the business of car I uilding in connection with his foundry.
When the latter property was burned down he converted the York
street j)remises into a foundry and machine shop, and has continued
in that line of business ever since. In 1875 lie admitted his two son.s,
Frank and Charles Leonard, into partnership. In 1881 their premises
was destroyed by fire, but they rebuilt immediately. They employ a
larjif number of men and do a very extensive business.

The Mc( "lary Mainifacturing Company is presided over by John
.McCIary; (Jeorge McClary, vice-president, and W. M. Gartshore,
.secretary. The capital is S500,000. This business was established in
a very small way in 1847 by Oliver McClary. About four years
afterwards he was joined by his brother -lohn, under the firm name of

■24

370

HISTOKV OF THE

J. & O. McC'lary. They continued a rapidly increasing tracie under
this stylo for about twenty years, when the business was merged into
a joint stock concern. Their buildings cover some two acres, employ
about 300 men, and do a most extensive business, having branches in
Winnipeg, Montreal and Toronto. They manufacture all kinds of
stoves and tinners' supplies, pressed, japanned and spliced wares. Tiu;
works were destroyed by fire November 30, 1888, entailing a lossjof
§100,000.

.John Elliott & Son's factory was commenced by John Elliott and
George Jackson in 1850, in a building on FiiUarton and liidout streets.
They were shortly afterwards burned out and then moved into a build-
ing on Wellington and Bathurst streets, where Dodd's planing mill
now stands. The partnership was dissolved after being together about
two or three years. Jackson retired when James IJurgess took his yhw.
This partnership continued for about three years, when Biu-gess retired
and Mr. Elliott continued alone until 1879, when he took his son
William into partnership. In 1877 the firm erected a large buildiiii,'
a few doors east of their old one. The building was destroyed by tire
May 29, 1885, but was rebuilt the following fall. In 1882 tiiey
bought the plough business together with the ])remises, of the estate of
George Jackson, situated on liidout street, which they carry on in
connection with their principal works. They employ about 200 men,
and are the first in Canada to manufacture a wire or twine binder.
Their output is about $200,000 per year.

The Western Peninsular Stove Works were established three years
ago by Joseph A. Childs and George Darvill. They demolished some
wooden houses which stood on the lot, and erected their present exten-
sive premises. The building is 4oxl09, in which fourteen hand.s
are employed. Mr. Childs was formerly engaged in the coojjerinj,'
business, and Mr. Darvill in the furniture line. Their jjlace of busnies.s
is situated on Talbot street, immediately south of King.

The London Machine Tool Company, of which William Yates and
L. Gibson are proprietors, dates back to 1873, when Yates engaged in
the manufacture of engines in a small frame building formerly used as
a cooper shop by Mr. Scale. In 1881 he was burnt out; but rebuilt
almost at once on a much larger scale, and opened out in the nuinu-
facture of all kinds of iron-working tools for machinists, boiler makers
and brass finishers ; also, presses and piuiches for tin work, and special
lines of large machinery. In 1883 he was joined by Mr. Gibson, who
superintends the office work. The premises are situated on York
street, between Talbot and liidout. They occupy two brick buildings,
and give employment to from forty to fifty men.

Stevens & Burns, iron and brass founders and finishers, manu-
facturers of engines, &c., established their works here in 1876,
in a building on King street between Talbot and Ridout, formerly
known as Darvill's foundry. They continued there until the si«iHg of
1881, when they moved into their present premises, on Bathurst and

COUNTY OF MIPDLESKX.

371

Kiclimond, which they erected lor the purpose. The huilding is 200x50,
and is thref! stories in height. They employ about 100 men.

Essex & (.'o., brass and iron workere, commenced business here
in 1879, on King street, just east of Revere Hou.se, in a building
owned by John Farncomb ; contiiming there about five years, wlum
tliey purchased the jiresent premises on Carling .street, in the year 1884,
frciin the -lohn Birrell estate. The building was erected by T. Craig Si.
J. .lolinston in IHaG, and has been occupied successively by the Gore
Bank, John llirrell & Co, and J. (J. Merritt & (,'o., and more recently
by Mr. Essex. They employ about twenty- six men, and manufacture
engineers' and brass goods, iron valves, &c.

Forest City Machine Works. This business was established by
Geo. White, fomteen years ago ; but Mr. W^hite has l)een in business
here over thirty years altogether. Since commencing in engine build-
ing he erected different buildings for the pui^iose of manufacturing
thri'.shing machine engines and boilers of all descriptions. The works
"ive employment to forty men, anil the product is shipped to all points
in the Dominion. A specialty is tlie White threshing engine.

E. Winnett & Son, boiler makers, esUvbli.shed this business where
they are at present located, on corner of Hfithurst and Adelaide streets,
in 1855. The senior partner admitted his son into partnership some
years ago. In 187(1, they erecteil a refinery in East London, which
they have operated at different jieriods, but it is at present idle, con-
fining their attention to the manufacture of boilers exclusively.

li. & E. Winnett, boiler makers, had their works est-vblished by
Henry Winnett and llichard Witmett, his son, in 1868, in the premises
occupied by the present firm, situated on the Hamilton Road, east of
Adelaide street. The partnership continued until 1884, when the
senior retired, and Richaixi admitted his brother Edward into partner-
ship. They opened a branch at Petrolia immediately after, which is
managed by Edward, while Richard manages here. They supply the
oil refineries and other institutions with boilers.

Wortman & Ward Manufacturing Co, was established in 187i* by
W. H. Wortman, who came from Illinois, U. S., and John Morrow, a
resident of this city, in the upstaire part of Yates's foundry. In 1882
they dissolved, and Morrow retired. ]\Ir. Wortman then formed a
partnership with Frank Wartl. The firm at once proceeded with the
erection of their present building on York street. In 1880 Mr. Ward
severed his connection with the business, and it is now in the hands of
W. LI, Wortman. The business has grown from a small beginning to
its ]iresent large volume, employing thirty-five hands in the manu-
facture of iron pumps, horse and hay forks, barrel churns, wagon
scones, and general iron casting.

The Ontario ("ar and Foundry Company was established in 1871,
under the style of the Ontario Car Company and London Car Wheel
Company, with James McMillan, of Detroit, president, and Thomas
Muir manager. In 1883 the company experienced a financial pressure.

872

HISTORY OF THE

and the business, for a lime, was in the hands of the bank ; but Mr.
Muir shortly after took over the concern himself, and is at ^yreseiit tlie
ostensible proprietor of the works. He employs about 180 men, and
is doing an extensive business. Most of the railroads in Canada have
been equipped to a fjreateror less extent by this conn)any. The yards
and buildings are situated on Rectory street, south of the Grand Trunk
.Railroad track, and comprise 1(;| acres of freehold and 20 acres nf
leased land. The manufactures of this company consist of cars, car
wheels and civstinuis.

John Fox, scale manufacturer, came here from Hamilton and com-
menced business in the sjaing of 1881, in a small building on King
street, near Ritlout. He at once commenced the erection of his present
building opixjsite, and moved into it in December of that year. The
manufacture iisually calls for the em})loyment of sixteen hands. The
lot on which his building stands was formerly occupied by a livery
stable, which was burnt down a number of years ago.

Alex. Smith, manufacturer of carriage hardware, commenced busi-
ness in 1871, in a frame building on IJundas street, at present occujued
by Roger Dart. In 1877, he moved into his j)resent factory on the
east side of Wellington, between King and York. The projierty was
previously occupied by Rowc & Judd, carriage makers. Mr, Smith
employs seven men.

John Dymond, the first brewer of London, made the first beer here
in his little brewery on the north side of North street ; John Balkwili
following him as manufacturer.

John Labatt's Brewery owes its inception to Mr. John Balkwill,
who commenced in a very primitive way about the year 1828, in a
log building. This building was destroyed by fire, and a small stone
one was erected in its jilice. Mr. Balkwill disposed of the business
in 1847 to Messrs. Labatt & Eccles In 1857 the partner.ship was
dissolved. Mr. Eccles withdrew, and J. K. Labatt assumed the entin^
charge of the business, which he conducted until tiie time of his death
in 1866. His son, John Labatt, then took hold of the brewery, and
has succeeded in extending the trade and making the business rank
among the first in the Dominion. In 1874 the buildings were
destroyed by fire, but were rebuilt at once on a much larger and more
modern plan. The capacity of this establishment is 30,000 barrels of
ale and porter per animm, and the capacity of tlie malt-house is about
85 000 bushels. His ales and porters are well known all over this
continent, and obtained medals from such exhibitions as the Centen-
nial, of Philadelphia, World's Fair, Sydney, Australia, and Paris
Exhibition. He contemplates pulling down the brewery building
shortly, in order to re-erect it on a larger and more complete plan. This
industry gives employment to seventy hands.

Carling Brewing & Malting Company was established by Thos.
Carling about the year 1 840, in a small wooden building on \Vaterloo
street, which in tlie course of a few years gave place to a large brick

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

?.73

biiildiiifj, now standing. He was joined by liis sons, William and John,
a few years after. The senior retired from the business in a very few
years, and his two sons continued it. Their ales and porters increased
in jiopularity very rapidly, and their business increased in a corres-
ponding? degree. Finding their ])remi.se3 altogether too small for their
trade, they commenced the erection in 1873 of their present great
buildings on the banks of the Thames, immediately south of Oxford
street. David Roberts, of Toronto, was the architect of this colossal
pile. They moved into the new building on its completion, July 1,
1875, when Messrs. T. Harry Carling and Joshua IJ. Dalton were ad-
mitted partners. Their trade now made more rapid strides than ever,
as if in .sympathy with the change of ])remises. However, on Feb.
13, 1879, a sudden check was })ut on all their operations by a dis-
astrous fire which broke out early on the morning of that date. Their
loss was very heavy, but undeterred by such a misfortune, the firm
quickly set about rebuilding, and on May 2'.} of the same year they
were enabled to recommence business. To prove how substantially
the building was erected, the walls 'ere standing almost entire after
the conflagmtion. In the summer of 18S2 Mr. Dalton died, and in
the following December the business was merged into a joint stock
concern, anil has remained in this shape ever since. The president
and maniiger is Daniel ]\Iacfie ; vice-president, J. R. ^linhinnick ;
su]ierintendent, T. Harry Carling. The capital is S200,00(), and the
men employed are 100. The output is about 32,000 Imrrels of ale,
porter and lager per annum ; capacity for malting is 80,000 bushels
per aimiim, and the quantity of hops used about 400 bales.

Joseph Hamilton's brewery was established originally by Marshall
& Dundas. John Hamilton purchased their interest about twenty-five
years .ago, and carried it on until his death in October, 1887, when his
son took hold of the business. The premises form one of the oldest
landmarks in the city, and are situated on Ann street.

J. Tune & Son's soda-water works were estixblished in 1882 by the
above firm in Piatt's building, on Clarence street, north of York street,
where they remained two years, when they moved into their present
premises in Tanton's block, on York street. The building was enlarged
and otherwise altered for their convenience by Mr. Tanton. They
have the most modern machinery, employ eight hands, and ship as far
west as \Vind.sor and ea« to IngersoU, Woodstock, etc.

L V. Ludwig's manufactory of cider and vinegar dates back to
ISBC). About two years ago, Mr. Ludwig leased a })ortion of the old
Slater malt-house, and commenced business in a moderate way.

James R. Oliver also commenced business about a year ago in part
of Slater's old malt-house.

The workmen for W. J. Reid & Co.'s new china manufiictory
arrived October 9, 1876.

Glass Bros.' Pottery is successor to the London Crockery Manufac-
turing Co., one mile east of the city limits. The firm was formed in

374

HISTORY OF THE

March, 188H, for the manufacture of salt-glaze stoneware and I»ock-
iii<{lmni and Uristol ware. The London Crockery Manufacturing (In.
failed in 1 S(S7, and the plant was purchased by tlio present firm, who
employ thirty men. Their clay is brouglit from Akron, Ohio, Amboy,
N. J., and Devonshire, England. The original cost of the plant was
about 87H,0()(». They have switch-room in yards for fourteen cars and
excellent shipping facility. A village has be(Mi built up, known as
I'littersville, and a post-office established. The wares are known
throughout the Canadas.

C IS Hyman & Co., tanners and manufacturers of boots and shoes,
was commenced by K W. Hyman in connection with David 0. Marsh
in the year l8o5, in a frame building on Talbot street, on thesitaof
the present oatmeal mill occui)ied by Muirhcad & Gartley. Tin-y
were in bu.>iness as tanners and harne.s.s-makers, and the first in tiiis
city to get the contract for making boots for the military. Thisy
dissijlved jiartnership in 1850, Mr. Marsh retiring On his witli-
<lrawal, Mr. Hyman ccmtinued (he above until the year 1857 or IS'iS,
wlien he was joined by ,Iohn McPherson in the whole.sale shoe de-
partment. In the year 1868 or ISli'.l they bought out a wholesale
ix)ot and .shoe business in Hamilton, and ran that in connection with
their business here for some five or six years, when Mr. McPher.ion
purchased Mr. Hyman's interest, and the latter once more devoted his
whole attention to his London interests. In 1867, Mr. Hyman ad-
mitted Mr. Charles Dunnett into partnership. The latter only remain-
ed in the firm three years and then withdrew. On April 18, 187'">, the
boiler in the tannery burst, killing two men. In lieu of rebuilding, he
added to his .sole-leather tannery on Kichmond street a light stock
tannery. The buildings are .situated on what is now known as Carling's
Creek, contiguous to Kichmond street. In the year 1874 he erected
the present immen.se shoe factory facing on Carling street and running
back to North street. Mr. Hyman was a very successful man of
business, and usually had interests in various outside schemes. In the
year 1877 he built the crockery works in London East, occupied at
present by the London Crockery Company. This building was u.sed
by Mr. Hyman as a ])ork jiacking house for the export trade. On the
12th of April, 1878, Mr. Hyman's busy life was closed by death. He
and John Carling were the first water commissioners elected in the
city ; their election took place on the I4th of January, 1878. On Mr.
Hyman's death, his two sons, Charles S. and J. W., took hold of tlie
business. .1. W. Hyman retired from the firm some six years ago, and
the business is now run by Charles S. Hyman, C. J. Beal, John G.
Watson and John H. Glass. The capacity is 300 hides i)er week,
using ."VOO to 4,000 cords of bark per annum ; and employ a large
number of hands, as the boot and shoe business and tannery are now
under one management.

K Arscott & Co's tannery was commenced on the corner of fleorge
and Ann streets in 1866. They pulled down a dwelling which was

stand
180!),
J. F.
the fir
withd
empio
Sti
was es
twenty
K.
success
boot an
extendc
south o:
JIcDon
lieic
boxes, a
nicnced
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187G, wl
wlio hav
present 1
employ, J
as Montri
The (
Mrs. Cha]
ager, sine
start(>d in
a building
into a snif
rear of the
premises,
employed.

e.'h. ]

Mrs. Kord

south of th

department

D. S. P

comraencec

carried on {

premises o

located. F

purchased Y

About five _

to his estai

Dominion.

their trade ii

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

375

standing on the lot, and built the tannery on its site. On July 9,
180'.), he aufl'ered by fire, but rebuilt at once, and startt^d again with
J. F. I'lurnett and Joseph Elliott as partners. Burnet' remained in
the firm about ten yeare, when he retired, and Mr. E.liott has just
withdrawn and left Mr. Arscott alone in the business The works
employ about ten men, while the capacity is 100 hides a week.

Stevens, Clark & Stevens's boot and shoe factory on Clarence street
was established about four years ago, and now gives eir.ployment to
twenty-si .X hands.

li. F. Lacey & Co., manufacturers of boot and s'loe uppers, are
.successors of A. J. Webster, who conducted it in connection with his
boot and shoe trade. He sold out in 187") to Mr. Lacey, who has greatly
extended the business. The premises are located on Clarence street,
south of Dundas, in the upstairs part of the building owned by Wm.
McDonough. They employ four or five hands.

Keid Bros. & Co., manufacturers of blank books, paper bags and
boxes, and wholesale dealers in stationery. This business was com-
menced originally by Robt Reid, sr., in 1848, and is the oldest establish-
ment of the kind in Ontario. Mr. Reid continued the business until
I87G, when he sold out his interest to his sons Robert and George,
who have successfully carried it on ever since. They erected their
present house in 188(1, and moved into it in January, 1887. They
employ, on an average, eighty hands, and ship their goods as far east
as Montreal, and as far west as the Pacific coast.

The Chapman book bindery was established by Charles Chapman.
Mrs. Chapman conducts the business, with Joseph Choquette as man-
ager, since Mr. Chapman's death, about twelve months ago. He
started in a small way many years ago ; occupied an up-stairs room in
a building about a block east of the present bindery ; afterwards moved
into a small wooden building, which in course of time, he moved to the
rear of the lot to make room for the construction of the present spacious
premises, which were erected in 18t)4. About eight hands are
employed.

E. H. Kordes' book-bindery has been carried on successfully by
Mrs. Kordes for some years in the building on Richmond street, just
south of the Free Press office. The business is well mana,ged in all
departments.

1). S. Perrin & Co., manufacturers of confectionery, biscuits, &c.,
commenced back some twenty-eight years ago, when 1). S. Perrin
carried on a small business on the Hamilton Road. He removed to
premises on Richmond street, where Andrew McCormick is now
located. Finding this building in the course of time also too small, he
purchased his present premises on Dundas street some twenty years ago.
About five years ago he purchased adjoining property, which he added
to his establishment, making it one of the most extensive in the
Dominion. They employ on an average about 130 hands, and push
their trade into the remotest corners of Canada. The building this firm

.'J7«

HISTOUY OF THE

occupies was ii» tlio early history of this place used as a residence Ity
Mayor Dickson, and also as a bible depository.

The McC'orniick Manufacturinj,' Co., manufacturers of confection-
ery, biscuits, &c., may be said to have been started in Ajn-il, IH'tH, by
Thos. Mc('ormick, in a small buildin<» on Dundas street, nortii side,
between Clarence and Wellington. In three months time he moved
into a brick buildinj^ a few doors west, kiinj^ one of the stores in wlml
is knf)wn as Smith's block ; remained there seven years, and tiien
built a factory south of Dr. Proudfoot's ( 'hurch, on Park avenue ;
remained in that building for about eight years, and then built his
present extensive premises in 1873. The biisiness has rapidly in-
creased since its incejjtion. About eight years ago the business was
merged into a joint stock concern. Thus. McCormick, president ; Geo.
McConnick, cashier ; and A. W. Porte, managing director. The build-
ing is 100 X 112 feet, of four floors. The company gives emiiloyment
to from 100 to IHO hands.

London and Petrolea IJan-el Company. — This company was organ-
ized in January, 188t). dohn Forrest^il, William Hockin and Edward
V. Taylor are the proprietors, They purchased what was known as
the Burrows projierty in East London, situated on Simcoe street,
between Adelaide and Rectory streets. There was an old sawmill on
thi.s property, which they utilize in their ])resent business, and have
also erected a large cooperage shop on the same lot. They do a very
extensive business, employ sixty to eighty men, and supply customers
all over the Dominion with barrels of all kinds. Hockin and Forrestal
were engaged in the cooperage business for a number of years before
the organization of the present company. The former started business
in the year 1868 on the corner of Wellington and York streets, sub-
sequently moving to the corner of York and Burwell streets, where he
built a shop in the year 1877. He also erected a cooperage on
Bathurat street two years later, where he conducted business up to the
time of his connection with the present company.

C. R. Somerville, manufiicturer of paper boxes, bags, &c., started in
1885. He might be .said to have succeeded ^Ir. Swazie, who formerly
conducted the same line of business in the premises. He emjiloys
fifteen to twenty hands.

John Watson, packing-box maker, has been in business about two
years, renting a part of old Mechanics' Institute, and employing three
hands.

P. Hendershott & Co., manufacturers of paper bags and boxes and
wholesale stationers, came here from SL Catherines nine years ago.
Commenced business on his arrival in a building now occu])ied by A.
Beck & Co., on Albert street, but subsequently moved to East London,
where he conducted business for a short time. He purchased his pre-
sent premises, on Dundas street west, in the year 1881. Employs
fifteen hands all the time.

The North American Manufacturing Company's business was

establii
James
j)lete c(
year If
liands
('omi)a:
recently
ing ( "oil
and agi
tion to
genera
Job
on the
the busi

COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX.

377

estftblislicd by Samuel Crawfonl. Afterwiii-ds, he took in partnership
Juines tiiul John Mahon. In 1881, tin* Messrs. Mahon obtaineil coui-
])lete control and ran it under the style of the "Gloh; Co." In the
year ISH.! the firm j^ot into difliculty, and the business i)as.sed into the
iiands of the North American Implement & CJeneral Manufacturing
Company, and it has been airried on under this style until (juite
recently, when tlie name was chanijed to Nortli American Manufactur-
ing Company, with (I. C. Jolly, manager. They manufacture wagons
and agricultural implements, but at present are confining their atten-
tion to the former. Tlu; number of employes is fifty (July, 18.S8), but
generally a larger number.

John Cami)bell, manufacturer of carriages and wagons, commenced
on the corner of Uichmond and Albert streets in 1855. and ajutinued
the business there for ten years, and tiien purchased Marcus Holmes's
carriage shop, on King street, where he now cixrries on business. He
has since made extensive ailditions to his premises. This industry
gives employment to fifty men.

J. H. Moran, manufacturer of carriages, wagons, etc., established
his business in partnershij) witii W. J. Thomjison, as Thompson and
Moran, in 1864, in a building situated on Dundas street, where the
present Mechanics' Institute now stands. The partnership was dis-
solved in 1867, and Mr. Moran went out, but he shortly after re-
commenced business partnership with Thomas D. H(xigens in a build-
ing situated on Albert and liichmond streets, where John Turner is
now located. The firm continued the business there for five years,
when Mr. Hodgens went out. In 1877, Mr. Moran moved into his
present stand on liichmond, nearly opi)o,site Dull'erin avenue. His
brother James joined him in 1879, but retired from the firm in ItWi.
The premises were built by John McKellar many years ago, and were
used by him as a carriage shoj).

W. .1. Thomj)sou, manufacturer of carriages and wagons, established
his business in 1868, in a building situated on Dundas street, where
the Mechanics' Institute now stands. Remained there until 1875,
when he moved into his piesent house, on King street, east of liich-
mond. He erected the buildings which cover nearly half an acre. The
only buildings standing on the lot when he purchased it was a dv/elling-
liouse, formerly owned and occupied by the late Marcus Holmes, also
a wagon shop. The industry employs forty-five hands.

A. J. Jarvis, manufacturer of light caiTiages and cutters, dates the
starting of this business to 1871, when Mr. Pavey built the premises
and conducted the business about one year, when it was turned into
a joint-stock company, under the style of the McClary-Thompson
Carriage Works. This company conducted the business for two years
and then sold out to Willard Sage and A. J. Jarvis. The former
retained his connection with the business until 1881, when he sold to
A. J. Jarvis, who has since been sole proprietor. During the time the
business was under the management of the JMcClary-Thompson Car-

378

HISTOUY OF THK

building

riage Works, an addition was made to the premises by the erection of
the present large shop to the re?''. There are twenty-five men employed
in the shops.

B. J. Nash & Co., mannfacturers of carnages, commenced busi-
ness in 1872, in a building situated on King street, where George
White is now located. In 1875, he moved into the frame building
which is still standing opposite the Firemen's Hall, on King street.
In 1878 he removed into a brick building on the same street, opposite
the market, and carried on there alone until October, 188"), when he
formed a partnership with A. B. Greer, and at once commenced the
erection of the ]irosent large factory on corner of York and Talbot
streets. The main building is 30x150, with wing 30x50, and three
stories in height. They em])loy about fifty men. The
located on part of the old Hyman tannery projierty.

ilohn Turner, manufacturer of carriages, cutters, etc., commenced
in his present house in 1880. Was for a short time previous to tliat
in ])artner.shiit with his brother Samuel. This industry employs six to
eight journeymen all the time. Tiie .site was first oocupied by Camp-
liell & Lowry, wagon-makers, about the year 1855. About the year
1867, Hodgens & Moran commenced the caiTiage and wagon busiue.ss
in it. li. 1877 the stand was occupied for a short time by Mv. Dodd,
builder, etc., but reverted to its original use in 1880.

The Dominion Baby CaiTiage {'om])any may be said to have been
started by Mr, Milroy, in a building on llichmond .street north, twenty-
one years ago. In 1875 he sold out to Arthur E. Ilourd, who con-
tinued the business alone until 1881, when it was merged into a joint
stock concern, and a large building was erected on the lot formerly
occupied by Moorehead's blacksmith shop, on King street. The
business was carried on two and a-hiilf years as a joint stock concern,
when it was jnirchased by Arthur E. Hourd and James E. Keeideyside,
who carry it on under the style of the Dominion Baby Carriage
Company. They employ about forty hands all the year round, and
dispose of their goods as far east as Halifax, and west to British
Columbia.

T. Herbert Marsh, manufacturer of horse blankets and wholesale
dealer in saddlery hardware and carriage trimmings, bought the old
established hardware business of Smith & Chapman ten years ago,
on Dundas street, near llichmond; subsequently purchased premises a
few doors east, and moved into it, and gradually disposed of his hard-
ware stock to make room for his saddlery hardware and carriage
trimmings. Nearly two years ago he piu'chased the building he now
occuy)ies, on Carling street, near Talbot, from the estate of John Birrell.
The building was erected in 1856 by T. Craig and J. Johnston, and
has been occupied successively by the ('ommercial Bank, John Birrell
& Co., Wm. Lind & Co., and latterly by Mr. Marsh. The lot on
which the building stands was formerly owned by a negro who lived
in a small frame house.

em|)I(
point
conf(
'J'

iicss
tlu^ ii
at once
elli

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

379

J. ^^. Dufton, woollen manufacturer, commenced business in the
city seven years ago. He came from Byron, where he was in the same
business for many years, and iiurchased his present premises on King
street west when he started here. He does an important business ;
employs twenty hands, and ships goods to Montreal and other eastern
pf)iiits. Tiie ]n-o[)erty he occupies was formerly used as a bakery and
conftictionery by Keenleyside & Co.

Tlios. CJreen & Co., l)uilders, contractors and planing mill, was cora-
inenccd by Thos. Green in 1853, in a small frame building on the lot
wluTo the gas-works now stands ; was at that time associated in busi-
ness witli Wm. Elliott ; were twice biu'ned out, and immediately after
the last tire, in 1856, Mr. Elliott retired from the business. Mr. Green
at once erected a frame shop on Bathurst street, between '^'larence and
Wellington, on the lot where his present shop now stands In 1873
he admitted John Shoi)land into partnership. They were burned out
ill 1883, but the old frame building was at once replaced by the present
substiintial brick building. They employ about forty men.

.1. C. Dodd & Son, builders and planing mill owners, date their
name in London back to 1845. In 1879, .1. C. Dodd moved into the
slio]) on the corner of Wellington and Bathurst streets, where John
Elliott & Co. formerly conducted a foundry business. In September,
1880, the old wooden building was destroyed by fire, but was replaced
at once by their present commodious brick building. John G. Dodd
was admitted into partnership in 1863, and the constitution of the
firm has remained unchanged ever since. They employ usually about
thirty hands.

Wm. Gerry, planing mill and builder, commenced this business in
1871, in partnership with his brother. In 1882 they dissolved, and
William has since conducted the business alone. His mill is situated
on Craig street, between Queen street and Wortley road, Loudon
South. He manufactures all kinds of materials for house building ;
takes contracts for building, and generally employs from eighteen to
twenty men.

Hilliard & McRoberts, sash and blind factory, commenced business
as a firm about two years ago. Mr. Hilliard was carrying on business
jnv.viously, in connection with other parties. They rent part of the old
Meclianics' Institute, and employ ten to fifteen hands.

Wm. Beck & (,"o., manufacturers of veneer, thin lumber, etc.,
claim Adam Beck as the sole manager. He commenced here in 1884,
but the business was established in Gait in 1880, and was conducted
there until his removal to this city. The manufacture of cigar boxes
is combined with that of veneer and thin lumber. Mr. Beck has
introduced the most approved machinery in his works, and employs
usually about twenty-five hands. Spanish cedar is used in the manu-
factme of the cigar bo.xes. The firm import the cedar from Mexico
and Spain.

John Ferguson, manufacturer of furniture and undertaker. — The

380

HISTORY OF THE

proprietor of this business commenced operations in the year 1856, in
a small frame building on the corner of Clarence und King. He
remained there two years, and then moved into a frame building on
the corner of llichmond and King, on the site of the yn'esent Masonic
Temple. The building was only demolished at the time of the erection
of the Temple. About 18(12 he purchased a lot with two frame cottages
on it from Patrick Tierney. He sold the cottages to Thomas Kent,
and erected on the lot the large brick building which he at present
occupies. In 1.S84 he purchased the lot west adjoining his building,
and added to his premises.

The London Furniture Company may be said to have been estaVj-
lished by llobert McLeod. l)i 18.")7 he was succeeded by Moorehcad
& Brown. They commenced in an old frame building situated on the
west side of the present factory. Mr. lijown did not long remain a
partner. In 1860 the factory was burned. Mr. Moorehead at once
erected a brick building in its place, and also put uj) a brick warerooin
facing on King street. He conducted a raindly-increasing business
until 1871, when he again suffered from a disastrous fire. He rebuilt
at once on a much more extensive scale. The buildings facing on
King street have a frontage of 200 feet. Mr. ]\loor(»head'.s business
had become very large by this time, and continued so until iJune, 1878,
when he became involved, and the business passed out of his hands.
The interest was jiurchased by Y. A. Fitzgerald and (". P. Smith, who
conducted it as a firm for six months. They then organized a joint
stock company, with a capital of $150,000. F. A. Fitzgerald was
elected president and C. P. Smith vice-president. In 1880, Mr. Smith
died, and his brother, H. A. Smith, took his place. The eonijiany
employ ] 20 men, and ship their furniture all over the Dominion.

The Bennett Furnishing (."om])any may be said to own its origin to
Charles Bennett, who commenced business in 18r)8 in a building
situated on the lot now occupied by the Masonic Temple, on Rich-
mond street. He was associated for a short tune then with John
Ferguson. In the year 1861 he moved into a building on the north
side of King street, a few doors west of Clarence stieet. He was
burned out there I 1871, but rebuilt at once. His sons, Charles,
James, George and Robert W. Bennett, took hold of the business about
this time. On account of their trade increasing rapidly, they were
conijielled to look around for larger premises. In the year 1 876 they
purchased the old Mechanics' Institute property on Talbot street and
converted it into a factory. They carried on business in that building
until 1882, when the Bennett Furnishing Company was organized,
with John I^abatt, president, and Henrv Taylor, I. Danks, T. H. Tracy
and the Bennett iSros., directors and .- tockholders. The company at
once commenced the erection of their present premises on Rectory
street, ad'oining the Grand Trunk Railway ; they also opened a branch
factory at Glasgow, Scotland. In 188:i the company disposed of its
interest to Henry Taylor and the Messrs. Bennett, In 1886 the firm

COUNT V OF MIDDLESEX.

381

opened another branch factory at London, Eng. Henry Taylor's
interest in tlie business ceased some months a<;o, and Edward Thomp-
son, of Edinburgh. Scotland, took his place. Three of the Bennetts are
managing thebmnches in Great Britain and Ilobert W. Bennett man-
ages here. They employ fifty-five men here, seventy-six at Glasgow
and sixty-three at London, Eng. They manufacture school and church
fnrniture and seating of all descriptions ; they also ship the bulk of
their goods to (Jreat Britain.

James M. ('ousins, manufacturer of pumps, commenced busine-ss
in 1.S43. He came from Nova Scotia to London about that time, and
has since been connected with the manufacturing interests, The fac-
tory is on Bathurst street, between Richmond and Kidout.

Job Cousins, pump manufticturer, commenced business in 1872, in
his ])resent factory. He was burned out in the fall of 1887, but re-
built on the former site,

A, Cole, wood turner and band and scroll sawyer, commenced
about 1870, in a frame building on York street, opposite Grand Trunk
Kailroud de])ot ; was burned out in September, 1887, but rebuilt and
recommenced the following November. He employs about six hands.
Has all modern machinery in his establishment, and [troduces some
excellent work.

Few fail to remember the lively times created by the discovery of
the existence of oil in this county. Many excellent men were attacked
by the oil fever, which finally settled down to oil on the brain, when
the antics of the patients afforded very general amusement for the
outsiders who had escajwd the contagion. The brigade, with oil on
the brain, pitched in lively, leased or bought up " rich oil lands," and,
after digging numerous holes in the ground, estiiblished the Middlesex
Oil Exchange. Ultimately, oil specidators failed to strike oil ; Chicago
and Toledo men disappeared after reajiing whatever harvest there was
to be garnered, and i\w oil craze ceased ; then the question of refining
crude oil from the paying wells westward was raised, and soon London
F.!ist was alive with men engaged in the industry. The works were
owned by H. Waterman & Brother, Carbon Oil Co , Duffleld Brothers,
Fitzgeviild & Co., J. It. Minliiuiiick & Co., Spencer &. Keenleyside,
Millcir & Co., and in 18()lt, Englehart & Co. From the advent of the
last named — a New York firm — the progress of oil refining here dates.
The (jil from the Waterman works took a leading jjlace, and won
prizes at the several national exhibitions of tiie seventies.

W. S. Wilson's oil refinery may be said to have been started by J.
V. Tiiompson & W. S. Wilson in 1871. There was a building on the
lot at the time of the purchase, but they erected other buildings for
the accommodation of their business. The partnership existed until
tile year 187."), when Mr. Thompson withdrew. Mr. Wilson has since
been a.s.sociated in business with his brother, but is now sole proprietor.
He has been engaged in the matnil'acture of soap as well as oil, but
gave up the former business not long ago. He has not been operating

382

HISTORY OF THK

much in oil lately, but the apjiearances are he will resume ayain
shortly.

J. W. Mcintosh & Co., oil refinery, was estahlished in 1878. Tlio
buildin<];.i were erected by John Koss, and purchased from him by
J. W. Mcintosh. The latter carried on the business until some five
years c;^o, when he was joined by John Fonestal, who still remains a
partner, Their works are located on yinicoe street, in Lf)ndon East.

Imperial Oil Company was organized in 1880, with R A. P'itz-
geiald, president, and J, L. Englehart, vice-president. The paid up
capital is $500,000. The company owns large oil producing and refin-
ing properties at Petrolea ; they also have a pai'affine works here.
They are manufacturers and producers of all kinds of illuminating and
lubricating oils, and parafline wa.^c and candles. They have agencies
established in St. John, N. B.. Montreal, Toronto, and Winnipeg. They
em])loy in their works and office some 500 men. As will be seen bv
their numerous agencies, they dispose of their products in all parts of
the Dominion, The original works were destroyed by fire in Julv,
188;].

Empire Oil Company was organized in the beginning of 1885, and
is composed of J. K. Minhinnick and Herman Frasch. The buildings
were erected by Edward Mcdarvey in 1876. He only airried on
business until 1877, when he disposed of it to Conover & McMechan,
who relinquished it in 1879. The ])roperty was then lying idle until
its purchase by the present firm They have atlded to the ])lant very
considerably, and have now a complete establishment. Manufacturo
burning oil, and also machine oils, giving employment to ten men.
The pro{)erty is situated on the corner of VV^alker and Kectcry streets,
and extends back to Trafalgar street.

W. Spencer & Co., oil refiners, composed of W. Spencer and his
two sons, W. M. and C. M. Sjiencer, purchased the lot and erected
their refinery in 1886. The senior member of this firm is one of the
oldest oil o])erators in this portion of the Dominion, and established a
refinery in Woodstock twenty-si.x years ago ; has been in the oil busi-
ness at Petrolea and London for the past twenty-one years ; has been
associated with ditlerent persons at various times ; his two sons have
also been brought up to the business. They have introduced the very
best plant in their works, and have complete and commodious premises.

P. M . I^awrason, manufacturer of lard oil, and dealer in soap stock,
has Iwen in busine.ss at London for over fifteen years, — at first in the
petroleum trade, but since 1870, has been engaged in the manufacture
of lard oil, near the corner of Trafalgar and Adelaide streets. He em-
ploys about seven hands. The product is shipped to the eastern
provinces, and also sells west of London. Mr. Lawrason is assisted by
his son in the management of the business.

The London Drug Company, KeiTy, Watson & Co., Montreal, pro-
prietors, was established by B. A, Mitchell in 1854, and the business
was conducted by him until 1883, when the present company estab-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

383

ll his
recteii
If the.
led a
Ibiisi-
Ibeen
Ihave
]very
lises.
|tock,
the
pture
em-
ktern
Id by

lislied this branch house. The house f^ives employment to fifteen men,
and their trade, which is entirely wholesale, extends over Western
Canada. James l)ou<^las has been manager since ISH.'j.

The Canada Chemical Manufacturing Company was organized May
21, 18G7, with Wm. Bowman president. Mr. Bowman has occupied
this position without interru])tion ever since. Mr. T. H. Smallmun
is the manager. They erected their buildings on Rectory street, soutii
of the Grand Trunk Railway, and commenced in the manufacture
exclusively of sulphuric acid, but have since engaged in the manufacture
of nitric, muriatic, sulphuric and mi.xed acids ; also liquid and suljjhate
ammonia, copperas, Glauber's salts, and other ingredients. They have
sutlered twice by fire— the first time on September 1(5, 1869, and again
on June 12, 1887. The buildings were totally consumed on both
occasions, but were speedily rebuilt. This industry employs fifteen
hands.

McKay & ( 'o., manufacturers of cigars, was commenced by Hugh
McKay tliirteen years ago in a snuill way, and was joined shortly after
by dohn McNee. The business was first started on Dundas street next
to Hiscox's livery ; remained there but a short time, and then moved
into the old Buckley block on Richmond street, opposite the city hall,
where they remained until the erection of their present substantial
premises on Clarence street, over a year ago. They employ about UlO
hands, and their product is about $1 20,000 annually. They manufacture
about 3,500,000 cigars every year, and pay the Government S20,000
revenue.

Atkins & Manness, manufacturers of cigars, commenced business
hereabout 1803, when Wm. Atkins, who served his time wiHi the old
firm of Tuckett & Kohl, first started for himself in the building now
occupied by Twohy & Screaton, on Dundas street. Mr. Kohl, of the
firm of Tuckett & Kohl, died, and ilr. Atkins carried on the business
in partnership with Mrs. Kohl. The partnership oidy existed about
two years, and was then dissolved, Mr. Atkins retiring or account of
his health. In the course of three years he again started, but had to
give it up once more on account of his health. He established his
jiresent hou.se in 188") on Richmond street, where ten men are em-
ployed.

Olmsted Brothers, manufactiu'ers of cigars, was started by George
and Lewis Olmsted, in 1883. The premises they occupied are
situated on the south side of Dundas street, between Talbot and Ridout
streets, and were built twenty years ago by .lohn Glen, who conducted
a tailoring house. The Olmstead Brothers purchased the property
from the Glen estate. Lewis died about two years ago, and the busi-
ness is now run by George, rn'^er the old firm name. They usually
employ about fifty hands.

Joseph Smith, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business in
partuersliip with his brotiier Albert, in 1873. After being together
about two years, they dissolved. Joseph then removed into Hunt's
Block.

384

HISTORY OF THE

Albert Smith, manufacturer of ci<,'ars, dates back sixteen years,
when he commenced in the old Kobinson Hall, on Duiidas street.
After a year, he admitted his brother Joseph into partnership. Tliey
dissolved in 1875, since which each of the ii has conducted a separ-
ate business. He employs about forty hands.

0. E. Jirener, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business in a
building on the west .side of Wellington, b'-'.ween liathurst and Horton
streets. It was formerly used as a commercial college, and has served
other purj)Oses. He carried on there four or five years and then moved
into the Cruickshank Jilock on the west side of Kichmond street, south
of King. In 188() he moved into his })resent stand on Itidout street, a
few doors north of King. The premises were formerly used as an hotel
by Mr. Stansfield, and were also at another period occupied by tlie
military, when London was a garrison town. Mr. lirener employs
alwut thirty hands.

William Wai-d, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business on the
corner of Burwell and King streets in May, 1875, where he remained
until the close of 187(i, when he removed over Mountjoy's fruit store,
on the east side of Richmond street. In April, 1887, he again moved
into the ujiper flat of the Agricultural Loan Comjiany's building, on
the corner of Dundas and Talbot streets. In Ajiril, 1887, he purcha.sed
his present premises on Dundas street, north side, near llidout street,
from Mr. Kelly, who, until recently, conducted a cigar factory in the
same premises.

The Rose Cigar Factory was originally established by W.T.Ruther-
ford about fifteen years ago. Mr. Rose followed him, conducting the
factory for about three years, when Alexander Irvine purchased the
estate and reopened the house in September, 1888.

John R. I'eel, manufacturer of monuments, mantels, etc., com-
menced business in 18r)2, in a building situated on south side of Dundus
street, east of Clarence. He took as partner R, M. Lucas, who was an
accountant in the Gore bank at that time. The partnership did not
last long. About the year 185(), Peel formed a partner.ship with (Jeo.
I'owell, which existed initil 186(), when a dissolution took ])lace.
Since then Mr. Peel has been in business alone. For some years he
has been located next to the corner of Richmond and Maple streets.

John W. Smyth, manufacturer of moimnients, mantels, etc., dates
back in bu.siness here to 1852, when he commenced on Dundas street,
between Richmond and Clarence. He afterwards moved to the corner
of Dundas and Wellington streets, but for the ])ast few years has been
on the corner of Clarence and King streets.

John Matheson, manufacturer of monuments, commenced business
in Woodstock in 18r)6; removed to London in 1874, where, for some
years, he kept all his stone at the station, but he now has a small
place on Talbot street. The excellent workmanship of Mr. Matheson
can be seen in the many monuments adorning the cemeteries in and
around London.

COUNTY OF MIDPLESEX.

385

George Powell & Son, majiufacturera of raonuments, mantel-
pieces, &c., established a yard here in 185B (then Powell & Peel).
Tiiey dissolved in 1866. Mr, Powell remained in the premises and
Mr. Peel opened another yf.rd. At the time of the dissolution, Mr.
I'owell took his son George into partnership. The senior lately retired,
and George, jr., now conducts the business alone under the old style,
lie generally has about five ha;'ds employed.

T. J. Heard, manufacturer of monuments, mantels, etc., commenced
business in 1877, in partnership with Charles Dunnett. They were
only together a few months, when Mr. Dunnett died. He then
foiiued a partnership with Samuel Flory, under the style of T. J,
Heard & Co. They boiight out Samuel Hooper, and conducted busi-
ness in his stand on Richmond street, next to Cronyn Hall. In 1882
Mr. Flory withdrew, and John Matheson took his place. They did
not long renuxin in partnership. Mr. Matheson went out and Mr.
Flory was again admitted for a short time, but once more withdrew.
Mr. Heard is now alone, and is located on Adelaide street, north of
DuUerin avenue.

I. M. Mayell & Co., manufacturers of coffee, spices, mustards, cream
tartar, baking powders, etc., and also dealers in toilet soaps, extracts,
and sodas, established their business about thirteen years ago, but Mr.
Mayell has been proprietor only since 1883. They employ altogether
nine hands, and have all the latest improved machinery. They buy
their stocks in Europe and New York. Mr. Mayell's partner is his son,
A. W. Mayell.

Hughson, Ferrier & Co , manufacturers of coffees, spices, etc., com-
menced business January 1, 1888, succeeding Soper & Gustin, who were
ruiniing the business over a year before it was purchased from them.
Have all the improved machinery, and generally employ eight to ten
hands. James A. Ferrier & J. L. Jackson are the present proprietors.
Mr. Hughson retired from the firm early in 1888.

Forest City Spice Mills (Wm. (Jorman, D. Uyson & R. C. Eckert,
proprietors), commenced in April, 188(1, in a leased building on Talbot
street, formerly used as a cai-penter shop. The business requires the
attention of five hands.

London Soap Company is an important industry. The building
used was erectetl by VVm. Starr, about twenty-five years ago, who con-
ducted a soap manufacturing business in it for ten years. At the end
of that i)eriod he sold out to Peel & Strutliers, wlio continued about
two years. About the year 1875, Thos. Churcher purchased their
interest and relinquished it in 1886, wheti T. Alcock purchased it.
He was shortly joined by H. I). Long, who subsequently bought out
Alcook's interest, and is now the sole ]iroprietor. Mr. Long employs
.seven men in connection with this industry, and has no difficulty in
disposing of whatever stock he niarnifactures.

Frank Haskett, manufacturer of tallow grease, etc., established this
industry in December, 1887. The building was erected in 1880 by a

386

HISTORY OF THE

Mr. Harris, who conducted buainoss in it until 183.">, when lie sold nit
to Richprd Haskett, father of the j)resent projjrietor, Mr. Harris, sv.,
continued the business until th<! date of its jiurchaso by his son. Tin;
property is situate on Trafalgar street, on the banks of the Thames.
He emi)loy3 three men.

liurns & Lewis, manufacturers of children's, boy V and youth's cloth-
ing, dates back to 1801, when George Burns opened in the dry goods
business, in partnership with Mr. Higginson, as Higginson & Burns.
Their house was on the south-west corner of llichniond and Dundas
streets, and they were in partnership four years. Later, they ihovchI
to a stand on north-west corner of the same streets, where the business
was conducted for some time. Eventually, Mr. Burns moved a few
doors west. About the year 1869, he turned his attention to the
manufacture of clothing, and gradually worked clear of the dry goods
trade. He continued to do a large retail business in this line until the
year 1880, when he formed the present partnership with Mr. Lewis.
They at once opened their wholesale houise on Dundas street, but, in
1881, mpved to their present house, where one hundred hands are
employed.

F. T. Trebilcock, manufacturer of gold rings, has been engaged in
the jewelry business here from 1880 to 188(), and conducted one of
the largest retiiil jewelry establishments in ^^''estern Ontario. During
this time much of his trade was the manufacture of rings to order, as
well as society jewels, badges, medals, &c. The success he gained leil
him to devote his enerpes in 1886 entirely to the production of rings.
At present he shows over .'iOO diH'erent designs and styles, most of
which are original and registered. He has fitted up a factory fit the
corner of King and Kichmond streets, which contains a full comple-
ment of machinery used in this delicate branch of manufacture.

A. & S. Nordheimer, manufacturers of jiianos, are managers of a
bran ch of the well-known business in Toronto which was established
here some thirty years ago. They first opened out in the house now
occupied by W. L. Carrie on Richmond street ; were for some years
located in the Oddfellows' Hall on Dundas street, and latterly have
been conducting their business on Richmond street, next door to their
first location. Mr. HempiU, the manager of the Hamilton agency,
was the first manager here. He was succeeded by Dr. Sippi, who
held the position for a number of years, until W. E. Hiscott was
appointed in 1887.

R. S. Williams, manufacturer of pianos (branch of Toronto), com-
menced business in this city eight years ago, with A. M. Regan as
manager. In addition to the large number of hands employed in
Toronto, there are eight employed here.

In August, 1887, the piano factory of Evans Bros. & Littler was
removed to Ingersoll, which city ottered the company a large bonus.

Welford Bros., manufacturers of ropes, twine, cordage and hemp-
dusters, established this industry in 1867. Jesse Welfoi-d conducted

llie
.lame
1{^
knitti
custoi
lisIuM
T
facturi
purciifi
ago.
lodge-
Bryan

Tlu
in W'l's

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

:iS7

tlie Imsiness alone until 1874, wlusn ho was joined l)y his brother
, lames. This business is the only one of the kind in the city.

liobert Summers brought from Cliicopee Falls, Mass., the first
knitting machine into this part of the country in 1869, establishing a
custom knitting shoj) at Byron. In 187'.> his four daughters estiib-
lishcd a house at London, where a large trade is done.

Tlios. liryan, brush manufacturer, began Ijusiness in 1872, manu-
factiu'ing a com])lete line of j)aint, varnish and kals(jmine brushes. He
jiurcliased his ])resent house on iJundas street west, .some five years
ago. The building is i)art of the old Robinson Hall. The oldest Masonic
lod|.;c-rooni in the city is said to have teen in the upper story. Mr.
Bryan disposes of his products all over the Dominion.

The Troy Li.'iindry is one of the largest establishments of its kind
in Western Ontario, and very pojiular at London.

Wahelee Angnee was the first ("hine.se lauiidrymau in London,
commencing business November 10, 1878.

Parisian Steam Laundry, branch of Detroit business, commenced
here about four years ago, occui>ied temporary (juarters on Richmond
street, until the completion of their present handsome house on Dun-
das street. The company commenced the erection of the building in
1887 and have only been occupying it since April 2, 1888. They
erajiloy about forty hands, and have met with great encouragement
since launching out here. John K. Spry is the manager. The lot on
which their building is erected was formerly used as a marble and
stone yard by Mr. Matheson, and prior to that by some of the first
buildings of the Forks.

Wholesale Himses. — In ISO.'i, there were only three wholesale
houses in the city — Adam Hope& Co., established in 1857 ; John Bir-
rell the same year, and John I. Mackenzie some time later. In 1866
Hope and ^lackenzie removed to Hamilton. The following year the
firm of John B. Laing & Co. opened up, and John Green «&; Co.
followed suit in 1872. Robinson & Little opened out a year or two
after, and within recent years came the ready-made clothing house
of Burns & Lewis ; A. E. Pavey & (.Jo., tweeds and gents' furnishings ;
Struthers, Anderson & Co., dry goods ; and Dickisf)n, Nicholson & (Jo.,
small wares. The first wholesale grocery, pure and simple, was that of
Edward Adams & Co., and within the pa.st fifteen years this has been
supplemented by the well-known establishments of M. Masuret & Co.
(an importJint house), T. B. Escott & Co., and A. M. Smith & Co. It is
of comparatively recent date that the wholesale drug trade has been
operated from the city, but now a large business is done by James A.
Kennedy & Co. and the London Drug Company. W. J. Reid & Co.
were the pioneers in the crockery trade, and they are still here.
There is also another flourishing establishment in the firm of Pigot &
Bryan. In the way of shoe houses, this has long been a recognized
centre, and C. S. Hyman & Co. and Sterling Bros, maintain this
reputation, there being, besides, a number of jobbers. Millinery is also

388

HISTOUY OF THE

something of recent years, now reijrescmtc.d by three flourishini,' firms,
John Ureen & Co., Lamoine & ('o. (succcssurs to the Crawfords), and
Dickison, Nicholson & (.'o. The first firm in the line of hats and inps
began in 1874, under the name of Marshall, Lind & Macfie, now repre-
sentt'd by .lolm Marshall & Co. and K. C. Macfie & Co. In haniwarn
proper are the Hobbs Hardware Ccjnipany and IJowman, Kennody &
Co., and, in saddlers' hardware, T. lierbert Marsh and VVilliaia Ellis.
It is estimated that the above firms represent a Inisiness of $7, •"•Oo, 000.
Until abont 1.S67 bnyers came to the market at least from twice to
four times a year, and the bulk of the busine.s3 was rushed into two
seasons. Now an army of travellers represent London houses, ami
goods are sold from Prince P^dward Island to British Columbia. Tiie
stained glass trade by Lewis and the ])ottery trade by Glass may be
placed with the wholesale houses, as they do a large local trade, out.side
their factory trade. There are other large dealers, such as Alex. John-
ston & Co. (establisbed in 18.")8), George Kerr and H, H. Job & Co.,
dealers in leather, who bring to the city a great circle of customers.
Kowat, McMahon & Granger's new dry goods jobbing hou.se is a most
important addition.

Early Taverns and Groceries. — Abram Carroll, who, as related,
built the first large log house at London, on Dundas ; kfjpt an hotel in
that building in 1827-«S. I'here the present William McClary wa.s a
guest in the years named. He did not .stay at McGregor's, for although
it was the first inn, Carroll's was the first house of entertainment
deserving the name. Mrs. Nelson Perkins, a daughter of this ( 'arroll,
is now residing in Dakota, whither she moved in 1888 from London.

In July, 1834, Ephraim Ayers was licensed to keep an inn. In
January, 1837, James Farley, William Park, Abram Van Norman,
Samuel Peters, John McDonald and Sarah IMcCann were authorized
to keep grocery stores on payment of twenty shillings each.

In October, 1838, one Samuel Stansfield, formerly a .sergeant in the
32nd regiment, was granted a licen.se to keep an inn on jiaynient of
£7 10s, In Ajiril, 1843, John Nixon was allowed to keep tavern in
a new house instead of the one destroyed by fire. Hugh Aladole was
allowed to keep tavern at London, and Thomas Adkins, at Port Staidt-y.
On April 2G, grocery license No. 1 was issued tu James Farley ; while
John Dimond and John Palkwill were recommended for ale and beer
license on payment of 25 shillings each.

In May, Samuel McHride complained that Patrick McCauley kept
a disorderly house. The contrary was proven to be the case, so that
McBride had to pay 13i shillings for his error. Grocery licenses were
issued to Samuel Peters, Leonard Perrin, John Wood, John Mead
Iraber and John Schofield. On May 22, grocery licenses were issued
to Samuel Glass, Patrick McLaughlin, John Scanlou, Daniel Westrop,
William Crosby, John Clegg, William Goodwin, M. Richard and -las.
Mucklin. Mirain H. Rowley applied for livery stable license, being
the second of that class, the first being issued to Hiscox and the third
to John Coote.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

:}89

Grocery licenses were also issued in May to Charles 0. New-
cfinilie, Henjainin Dixon, Michael Mcljin^hlin, Maurice ]{al<er, John
O'Flynn, Georye Jlailton, .lob Herrin and Slartin Kykanl.

Tlio institution known as tlie " Ser},'eant's Theatre " was licensed
in July, 1841), on payment of twelve shi]liii<,'s aTul sixi>ence ; while the
assessment of £2^> on Uev. Iv Evans's can-iaf^e, and the taxes due by
Widow Wilkins (sixteen shillings and thniepence), were remitted,
.lolin Claypole's grocery license was grantijd. Charles Joxley was
licensed in .Inly to ket!]) grocery. William Crosby's gi-ocery license was
transferred in August from lot 1, north of Dundas street, to lot 20.
Miss Jane Higgins was granted a license to carry on a grocery on lot
11, south of King street ; while William Glen was licensed to open a
gi'ocery on lot 2, nt)rth on Dundas street, in October, 184:>, and Jo.seph
Howell was granted license to carry ou a grocery on lot 12, north on
Uundas street.

In Noveml)er, a gi'ocery license was issued to John Bremner for lot
20, north on Dundas, and Cornelius Driscoll was gi-anted a license for
his grocery on Mark Lane, next to Barrack Sergeant O'Brien's houi-e.
Duncan Mackenzie was licensed to keep a grocery on lot 17, north
side of Dundas street, and also a beer license. Joseph Essery was
licensed tf) keep a gi'ocery on lot 20, north side of King street, in
December, 1843.

Patrick Finnegan was licensed to keep a grocery, but subscfiuently
got Crosby's ; while Joseph Stour and W. Winslow were authorized to
keep beer saloons in January, 1844. Sarah Murray was licensed to
sell beer on lot 12, north of Dundas. Livery stable licenses were
placed at £5 cunency; and J. & J. Forsyth were granted a grocer's
license for their house on Kidout .street, in December, 1844.

The grocers of London licensed in 1844 were: — James Hopkins,
Win. Goodwin, W. Ambridge, Maurice Baker, P. McLaughlin, Hugh
Stevenson, Peter Gandy, all on Bidout .street; Charles Travers, lot 21,
King street, adjoining Gaudy's ; Robert Girdy, for beer house, lot 3,
Church street; Wra. Glenn, James Farley, Peter Burke, lot 11, north
Dundas street; John Bremner, lot 20, Duncan Mackenzie, lot IG, T,
N. Baker, lot 16, on Dundas street; Samuel Glass, lot 1(1, north of
King street ; Thomas Travers, lot 15, Bathurst street ; Siirah Souter,
on King street ; John Clcgg, lot 0, south Simcoe street ; Wm. Titten.ser,
lot 4, Furnival Terrfice ; John Wood, lot 6, Simcoe street; John Scan-
Ian, lot 6, Bathurst street ; also for house formerly canteen, adjoining
log barracks. Licenses were also granted to Joseph Essery, Jane Hig-
gins, J. Claypole, John Talbot, W. Howe, Sol. Schenick, Cornelius
Driscoll, Wm. Howard, John Schofield (opposite Inquirer office), Job
Herrin, Wm. Whitley, ('has. Joxley, Adam S. Stephen, Thomas Clark,
Jcimes C. Mucklin, or Macklin, John O'Flynn, Benj. Dixon, John A.
Jackson, on Dundas street; A.B.Jones, lot 4, North street; Wm.
Scott, lot 10, south Dundas street; Henry Hunn, York street; Cyrus
Morrison, and Charles Morrell.

390

UlrtTdUY l)K THE

III 1845, Tlcnrv MiUIumhom, Uidiuid I'liilpott, Pliiiu'iis Kitzsimons,
tFidiii Ijowi'iiimii 1111(1 kStt'iiheii P. I'robitt worn lict'iisntl ; also .lolm
Wilson, Jiiiiu's A. Wilkiiiaoii, Thomas Carlinn;, Thomas Smith, Joliii
Salslicriv, Simon Koliins, Henry Carroll, and .lolin May.

Almost all the iihovo woro liiirnod out in tin; },'reat tire of 18-15.

( hristif's grocery store is mentioned in 184"). John W. Crunell
was licensed to ojieii a f;roeery on lot 11, south side of Kin^' street, in
Novemlier. In Deceiuher, Itichurd I'lrailford, on lot "JO, Ridout; (Jeo.
Allen, on lot S, SinuMe; Itoht. IJentley, on lot 14, N. Dundas; JdIih
May, lots l;> and 14, Wellin<;ton, were licensed to sell ale and beer;
also . I oliii Burke, n;i lot '.', North .street; Samuel Perkins, on lot (i,
W. Waterloo; Nehemiah Clarke, lot 2. N. North .street; Edward
Irvin, lot 1, S. Dundas; Robert Mdiirdy, lot 8, Richmond; .folin
Nison, in the liee Hive, Wellinjiton street; Duncan McKellar, Itidout
street; (leo. Syckes, lot 21, Kiufj street; Henry I'onts, lot 6, S.
Dundas; John Wilson, lot 14, S. ]5athur.st; Roliert Jex. lot 18,
Dunda.s ; Charles Lindsay, lot lo, Dundas; James Kennedy, lot 14,
York; Moses Landers, lot 2, N. Dundas. In 184() Martin McCor-
mick was licensed to sell beer on lot 21, N. King street; William
Louthan, lot l.">, S. Dundas; James Moir, lot 2, S. North; John
McKenzie, lot 21, N. Dundas; James MoH'at, lot 10,8. Duiidit.s;
and Thomas Webb, lot 1, S. IJathurst. At this time John Raynard
obtaimsd a grocer's license for lot 11, S. Dundas ; also John P. AIa.s()ii,
lot 1, N. .street; H. O'Brien, lot 13, Market Lijie ; Arch. Boyde,
lot II, Church street ; Sam. H. Cli.s.sold, lot 14, S. Dundas; James
Ho]>kin.s, lot 10, N. King street. In Fiibruary, 184"), Alexander Mc-
Kenzie was licensed to ojien a grocery on lot 3, E. Ridout street, and
Boyle Travers a saloon, on lot lii, N. Dundas street.

In 1845, John M. Parker and Philo Bennett were ajipointed special
constables to examine and report on the manner in which the inns of
London were conducted.

In May, 184(1, Robert Wyatt opened a beer saloon on Market
lane. At this time the British Exchange and North American Hotel
were jiopular houses in Western Canada. James McFadden peti-
tioned the Board in June, 184(), to have the sidewalk on the south
side of King street planked from the North American Hotel to the
river.

In April, 1847, grocery licenses were issued to Simon Thorns,

Grammer and Isaac Percival. In August, 1848, D. H. Richards,

owner of a billiard table, was asked to pay £40 license for .same, in
addition to a license already issued to him, for which he paid £1(1.
Richards demurred.

In December, 1848, the following licenses were renewed: — Robert
Carfrae, Wm. Burns, John Matthews, John Hopkins, Win. Harris,
John Walsh, Wm. Thomp.son, John Scott, Wm. Balkwill, Finlay Mc-
Lee, Charles Lindsay, Wm. Hatelie, William Barker, Edward Stanley,
Benj. Higgins, Thomas O'Mara, Alex. Allen, John Graham, John

Clegg
Smith
Peter
Carnc!
Stevei

M
1848,
years
revisit
there,
ideas
death

Th
out a
John
by a ni
that
Woods

COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX.

301

Clo<»<;, Jiunes T. Mason, Jiuiies Diif,% James McFiiddon, (Japt. .lolin
Sinitli, and 1'. Mc< 'ann. Th« new licenses granted wen; issued to : —
I'cter Sclu'ain, Charles Hew(!tt, -lames lUid^e, James Hector, Sanuud
Curnciy, Adam J. Beveridge, .lohn Brown, Richard Jeiniiii}»s, K.
Stevenson, and Edward Irwin.

Matthias O'Flaherty, of Kerry Co., Ireland, who settled here alioiit
184H, was lor a number of years engaged in railroading, but for sixteen
years prior to his death, in hotel keeping. In 1881, he ami his Ijrother
revisited Ireland, where both were arrested under the laws pnjvailing
there. The prison treatment for men suspected of liberal political
ideas was so severe that Matthias did not recover from it up to his
death in 1882.

The trial of Mrs. Ann Gamble, for selling spirituous litpiors with-
out a license, was heard before the Town Council, A}>ril !(», 1849.
.lolin Woods testified, that he sent to Mrs. Gamble for a ])int of whisky
by a man named Turner, and got a half-pint, tieorgc Turner swore
that "on Saturday or Friilay last — won't be certain which days — Mr.
Woods came to his house and said, rubbing his hands, ' its a cold
morning ; will you get me some whisky ? ' I went to the hou.se of
the defendant, At first she refused, but afterwards she brought some
beer and gave me some whisky. I paid one and one-half pence for the
beer, and took the whisky for nothing." The Court fined the lady
£■) and taxed her with 1 6s. costs.

Van Valkenburgh was licensed to keep an inn on Dundas street,
George Cook, on Colborne, and Ann Gamble, on Wellington ; also
E(jbert McGurdy, in 1849, so that by December, 1849, there were
forty-one licenses issued to inn-keepers and others.

John Loveless established the first temperance hotel at London in
July, 1851. On February 16, 18r»2, petitions by John Frazer and 474
other inhabitants ; by Mrs. Christian Boyd and 7;> members of Rising
Star Union, Daughters of Temperance; by Robert Boyd and 10(5
members of Pioneer Division, Sons of Temperance; by James Kirkwood
and 4:! cadets of temperance, and by Duncan McKenzie and 43 mem-
bers of the London Division Sons of Temperance, were presented to
the Council, asking that the number of hou.se3 for the sale of intoxi-
cating drinks be limited. The Council at once acted on the petition,
restricting the immbev of inns to twenty, and ordering a license of £20
to be collected from each.

In January, 1855, John Clegg, of a Council committee, reported in
favor of classifying hotels and taverns for licensing purposes. The
first class was to comprise : — Robinson Hall, the City Hotel, the Golden
Ball, Western, American and Prospect House, hotels, at £25 each ; the
('ommercial, Waterloo, Prince of Orange, Western Railway, Sun Inn,
Haq) I nn. Farmer's Inn, Great Western Railway Hotel and Farmer's Inn
on Dundas street, £15 each, and hotels of the third class, £8 each. The
first-class saloons at that time were Young's, Hull's, Ferguson's, Litch-
field's and Dunn's. The license proposed for each was £25, and £15

392

HISTOKY OF TUK

for all other saloons ; shop and livery licenses, £12 lOs ; auctioneer's,
£7 I Us. ; cabs, £1 Hs. ; carter's, £1 ; peddler's, £5 10s. ; temperance
houses, £.") ; billiard halls, £1 5s. ; ball alleys, £7 lOs. ; all exhibitions,
£15. The by-law lowered the rates about fifty per cent. The fore-
going memoranda from records may be said to point out the history
of the early inns, taverns a ' i groceries, and municipal dealings with
them, down to 18r)6, when tlie first directory of the city was compiled.

The lic<!nses issued for the year 1856 under the regulations of tlie
(.'ouncil, are given as follows : —

Tavern Licenses. — James Watt, Thomas Granger, Benj. Higgiiis,
John Orange., Levi Stevens, Micliael McAuUtf, John McDowell, (.'harles
Lunebeck, William Ferres, Stejjhen O'Meara, William H. Woods,
Nathaniel Sn^ith, Adam Nicholson, John Graliam, William ( lien, Joliii
Dulm; i/:\ Kobert Arkell, John Mason, James McDowell, John McCue,
John McLeod, Archibald Hoyd, James M. Bennett, Richard Carrutliers,
Daniel Rattle, Martin McNamara, John Matthews, John Williams
(McAlpine), Charles Callow, William Stan', Jeremiah McAulilf, Wni.
J. Hayson, Peter McCann, Chixrles Lindsay, George Nicholl, Nelson
Perkins, John Stubbs, Joseph Dodds, John IJeid, Etlwin Powers, John
Clegg, AVilliam Noden, Anson Strong John lies, Thomos Richardson,
Thomas Carter, I'atrick Finn, George Graham, Michael Kennedy, Win.
Sutherland.

Saloon Licenses. — John Painiell, Robert Wilson, Samuel ('arty,
Charles Dyde, P. J. Dunn, George Trumble, Robert Alorton, Daniel
Carroll, John T. Young, J. M. Davis (Nicholson), John Hughes, Louis
Ernst, Groves & Rooks, William Irvine, William Percy, James H.
Ryan, John Dodsworth, John Ferguson, David Litchfield, John Wilson.

Temperance Licenses. — Anthony Gray, Francis Westlake, James
Livingstone and Mary Ann Brown.

Ball Alley Licenses. — James ^I. Martin and John Liberty.

Sho^i Licenses. — Wm. G. Chambers, J. E. Dixon, VI. Simpson
Smith, McDonough & Kent, John J. Redmond, W. and R. Simson &
Co, John Monger, Joseph Malcomson, Cottrell & Whitwell, James
Geddes, John B. Smyth, Alexander Davidson, Forbes & Forde, T. H.
Buckley, F. Smith, John E. Murphy, Peter McCrae, William J, Fuller,
Finlay McFee, H. O'Connor, Alexander Smith, McDonald & (;)'Meara.

Licensed Auctioneers. — Groves & Shaw, Chemman Yeo, Nathaniel
Reid, Emery & Son, Talbot & Bro., Griffith & Palmer, Thomas W.
Shepherd, F. B. Beddome, George Cottrell.

Licensed Carters.— •]Q\\n Mason, George King, William Granuon,
J. O'Byrne, George Rogers, -T. Loxley, J. Herbert, R. Beer, C. Butler,
John Carty, Reuben Carny, T. Kellas, Samuel Boyd, William Mitchell,
Robert Carty, \V. Waters, Thomas Southgate, E. Nicholls, Hendrie &
Shedden, and F. Buckley.

Licensed Livery Stables — John Jennings, Odell & Jacobs, Arthur
& Co., Elijah Smith, J. C. Little, Jeremiah McAulilV, James Fahey,
and Joseph Martin.

Lynd
11

Londl
leadiJ
71
buildl
buildj

of \.r>{i

buildil

COUNTY OF MIDULESKX.

39:i

Cah Licenses. — John Gibbins, Benjamin Fieldhoiisc, and Charles
Lynch.

The Ontario Gazetteer, or the local directory, contains a history of
London from this pei'iod forward, so that a mention of a few of the
leading hotels will close this section of the chiij)ter.

Iloteh. — The Tecuniseh House is the oldest of the modern hotel
buildings of London. It was built in IS")"), and opened in 18")6. This
building has a frontage on Richmond street of 200 feet, on York street
of I.")! I, while the southern front on the railroad is also 150 feet. The
building is four stories in height, and admirably laid out for hotel ])ur-
poses. Among the names connected with the ownership of the house
are those of B. F. Moore, Messrs. Conklin, Winnett, and Bustwick.
James C. Derby managed the house years ago, while to day, one of
the most polished of hotel niaiiagers, Mr. Davis, has control.

The hotels of twenty years ago, locations, and names of owners, are
as follows : —

Revere House — E. Woodbury, proprie-
tor, Richmond, corner of King.

Strong's Hotel — Wm. Hawthorne, pro-
prietor, north .side Dundas, between Rich-
mond and Clarence.

City Hotel— J. k T. Mossip, proprie-
tors, Uundas, corner of Talbot.

Western Hotel — J. Mason, proprietor,
Richmond.

Halkwill's Hotel — .1. Snell, proprietor,
northwest corner of King.

City Arms Hotel — J.Pannel, proprietor,
King, op]iosito Market.

Ontario Hotel — John Dulmage, proprie-
tor, King, ojjposito Market.
DHayden's Hotel — Thonia.s Hayden, pro-
prietor, corner of King and Talbot.

American House — Samuel Giigg, pro-
prietor, soutlieast corner Richmond and
York.

Hrock's Hotel — J. McDowell, proprie-
tor, northwest corner of Talbot and York.

Tecumseh House— li. F. .Moore, with
J. C. Darby, jnAnager.

Westminster Hotel — John Bald;?, pro-
prietor, south side King, near Ridout.

Anglo-American Hotel— P. H. liradt,
proprietor, northwest corner York and
Weliiugton.

Royal Hotel — Francis Campbell, pro-
prietor, Richmond, between Great West-
ern Railroad and liathurst.

Montreal House — William A. Esstry,
projirietor, York.

Haystead's Hotel — David Haystead,
proprietor, southwest corner Ridout and
King.

Hiscox Hotel — Thomas Powell, projirie-
tor, Dundas, bet. Richmond and Clarence.

International Hotel — J. Woods, pro-
prietor, Dundas, corner Clarence.

Hritannia House — T. Loyd, proprietor,
corner of Wellington and York.

Northern Hotel — R. P. Simmons, pro-
prietor, North, east of Richmond.

Great Western Hotel — Ed. Thomas,
proprietor, Richmond, between Great
\Vestern Railroad and Bathurst.

In 1(S7;!, there were ninety-two tavern, eight saloon, and thirty-
eight store licenses granted. The number was reduced by thirty-eight
iu 1874.

The City Hotel stands on historic ground. The site was purchased
from the Glass family years ago, then occui)ied by Ayers antl others,
as I'elated hitherto. In 1845 the great tire destroyed the old brick
building, but another brick building was erected late in the forties for
J. W. Scott, which was kept by John Mason for many years. The
second brick house was also destroyed by fire, and for some years the
lot was vacant, until rebuilt for J. W. Scott in 18()5, when the hotel
was {jjtened by Bostwick, formerly clerk of the Tecumseh Hotise. In
1866 the house was leased for the officers of the 5;{rd regiment. John

394

niSTOUY OF THE

*
«

Mossip, of the Western, leased the City, and carried it on until the
sprinji; of 187-, when Peter McMai'tin became Uissee, and was proprie-
tor until his death in 187"). J, & J. McMartin carried on the business
in the interest of their mother until Sept. 1, 1878, when they ])ur-
chased the building. In 188(», SlO,0()0 were expended on the western
extension, and during the last ten years no less than $20,00(1 have
been expended by them, transforming the whole house into a new
building, so that now only a few rooms of the old building remain in
use.

The Grigg House was erected in 1870, being comjileted in Sep-
tember of that year. It was built by Thomas Tracy, architect. On Se]>
tember 20, 1879, Mr. S. Grigg took possession of the house, and has
since been the proprietor. The building has sixty rooms, well fitted
up, includhig five sam])le rooms.

The lievere House, erected in 18G0, was known as Arkell's Hotel
until 18()7, when Henry AVilson, then proprietor, gave it its present
name. In 1887, J. B. Jennings took possession of the house. Messrs.
T. Hayden, ]5arnard, J. McDonald, Mrs. White and Mr. Woodbury
Lave been lessees, llobert Arkell, who died in 1882, settled at London
thirty years before, and opened the North i\.merican Hotel, on Ridout
street.

In August, 1887, E. H. Gu.stin purchased the residence of Ur.
Lanca.ster, 368 iJundas 3trcot,-aH-d converled it into an hotel.

The other hotels of London are the Iloswell Mouse, Hodgins's, "Mc-
Farlane's, Clarence, Cousins's, Royal, O'Flalierty's, London, Land's,
Eraser's, American, Atlantic, Avcy, Britannia, Butchers' Arms, Carro-
thers's, Cass, Canada Pacific R. 11., Cullett, Darley's, Fallahe's, Grant,
Hawthorn, Horsni.an's, Homister's, International, Kincaid's, Lewis's,
Lilley's, McDonald's, McGill's, Maker's, Martin's, Morton's, Morkin's,
Queen's, Richardson's, Albion, Victoria, Westbrook's, Western, Wil-
son's, — in all, forty-nine hotels.

Banks and Bankers. — In June, 1706, the Upper Canadian Parlia-
ment enacted that the British guinea, the Johannes and moidore, of
Portugal, the American eagle and dollar, tlie Spanish milled dollar and
pistoreen, the French crown, and all French coins, should be legal
tender.

In 1G89, the first British- American paper money was issued in
the Upjier Province by Sir Wm. Phipps on his retreat from (ijuebec.
The bills were sup])osed to bo issued to his troops, and ranged in value
fi'om two shillings to 200 shillings. During the war of 1812, uriuy
bills were issued by Quebec, and made available for circulation in
Upper Canada by the act of 1813.

In 1819 the Bank of Kingston was chartered, but later, the name
"Pretended Baidc of Upjjcr Canada" was applied. In 182."), -lohn
Macaulay was one of the three commissioners appointed to wind up
the tangled aH'airs of this institution.

The Bank of Upper Canada was chartered in 1810-21, and con-

tinueill
late inl
In[
bank, \
HaniillT
as Weill
TIk
years,
branch

The!
tion, of 1
J5ank, \\|

The
chants
charter
of tlie fn
jiromotei
under th(
but durii
money, tl
jiiesent ti
reserve fu
tion notes
on May 'A
were .S20,'
12(;,279.(;<
lie was su(
Duini ; he
son being i
related by
everything
liim ahnosl
there were
of July cai
Robinson 1
body, and
Colonel wa
lai'ge bunci:
match to til
novel' saw
of his coat.'
The Bai
chartered ii
^221,810.
sliaroholders

♦ Other autl

COUNTY OF MlDDLEbEX.

395

timiL'd in opevatioii until its fiiilure and tlie settlement of its affairs
late in the sixties.

In 1839 W, W. Street was clerk, with Henry J. Askin, of this
bunk, at London, and Chas. ^X. McCurmick, a<^ent, at Chatham. Jas.
Hamilton, still livinp; here, was manager in 1857, and for years before,
as well as afterwanls, to its close.

The (,'ommercial ]5ank of Canada had a branch here for some
years, bcfjinning in the forties, J. G. H.arper was manager of this
branch for yeans, and E. .Jones Parke was solicitor.

The Gore Bank of Hamilton was another early financial institu-
tion, of which W. W. Street, who studied his Inisiness in the Pioneer
Bank, was manager, and H. C. K Becher, solicitor.

The Bank of Montreal was established in 1817 by leading mier-
chants of Montreal, with a capital of £87,500.* The bank had no
charter at fir.st, and the original notes bore the words " to be paid out
of the funds of the bank and no other" This was done to protect the
j)romoters from loss in case of failure. It was incorporated in 1818
under the title of " The Montreal Bank," and saw many vicis.situdes ;
but during and immediately afteii-'-hc American civil war it made
money, through having uontrofof the New York gold market. At the
jac.ieiit time the bank has a jiaid-uji ca])ital of SI -,000,000, with a
reserve fund of 80,000,000. At the end of May last it luid in circula-
tion notes to the value of §5,184,430. The total liabilities of the bank
on May 31 last to depositors, stockholders and for notes in circulation, -
were .'i52'.),7 17,087.84, the assets at the same time amounting to S41>,- "-^
iL'C), 279.09. This branch was established by D. Fraser. About 1851 \
ho was succeeded as manager by Mr. Home, who gave way to Mr.
Dumi ; he to Mr. Barwick, and he to Mr. Drummond ; \V. .1. Ander- ^
son being the ]n'esent manager Of Mr. Home the following story is
related by A. S. Abbott, the veteran city clerk : — '• Col. Home detested
everything Yankee, and the sight of the stars and stripes would send
him almost into a fit. When the Great Western was being built,
there were a lot of American contractors in town. When the Fourth
of .Inly came round tliey were having a high old time down at the
Robinson Hall. The ( 'olouel was down there, too, damning every-
body, and ready t(j fight on the slightest provocation. While the
Colonel was getting a drink at the bar, one of the Yankees ])inned a
lar^'c bunch of firecrackers to the back of his coat, and then touched a
match to them. When they began to go oil', the Colonel got wild. I
never saw .so much fun in all my life. The back was all burnt out
of his coat."

The Bank of British North America was established in IS.'iO and
chartered in 1840, with a capital of £1,000,000, and a reserve of
£221,810. This is one of the two chartered banks in Canada whose
sliai'cholders are not under any double liability, it being governed by

♦ other authorities state this amouut to have been ganO.OOO.

39()

niSTOKY OF THE

its orifjiiial charter. Shareholders are liable only for the par value of
their slock. Its capital stock is still the same, is all paid up, and the
bank now has a reserve fund of 81,174,560. Thomas Christian was
one of its efirly managers hei'e, and for some years prior and subse-
quent to 1857 made the London branch very popular. W. C. Menzies
succeeded him, and later James liobertson. He came to (Janada in
186(), and speedily \T)n his way to favor of the bank managers, and,
in fact, to all with whom he had to do. He was made Inspector in
1871, went to Hamilton as Manager in 1872, thence to Ottawa to
manage the brancli in 1874 ; there he remained until 1878, when he
was a])])ointed to the branch at Londcm, a position he filled imtil
drow .ed on that terrible Queen's Birthday of 1881, when the present
manager, David Cumberland, was appointed. The notes in circulation
of this institution at the end of May last amounted to Sl,09O,()71. The
liabilities of this ba^ik only come to the moderate .sura of $7,420,7<i3,
while the assets rui^upto S12,4'.l 1,383.

The Merchants Bank was incoiporated in 1861, but did not com-
mence businesssi'iintil 1864, and then with only ?1 00,000 paid-up
capital, bei,v# allowed by special permission of the Government to
■Bp.-s-i* ■«*','?! 1 Lhat limited capital. lis iw,-!'' growth in wealth has been
almost phenomenal. It now has a paid-up capital of .S",7'M 1,200, and
a reserve fund of i? 1,020,000. The total value of the notes of the Iwiik
in circulation on May 31 last was .^2,842,5.">2 ; while thetuutl liabilities
of the bank amounted to #1 2,4".'9,54."i.2o. On the other hand the
assets of the bank come to the large figure of .^20.323,465.44. The
present manager is W. F. Harper.

The rn!>:i«;;,fn Bank of Commerce was established at Toronto and
London in 1864. It is the second baidc in point of wealtli, having a
paid-up capital of §6,000,000. The large business done by the local
branch, under the management of H. A. NichoLson, who succeeded B.
E. Walker, is very apparent, from the fact that the large building fur-
merly occupied by tlie Fedeml was i)urchased and occujiied by this
institution in the summer of 1888, Imving been purchased for about
S25,OnO. Its notes in circulation, according to the last quarterly
Government return, amount to $2,117,681, and its total liabilities to
depositors, etc., come to $14,083,224.37. To offset this the assets of
the bank come up to the handsome sum of $20,6yv), 023.48. O" .T\me
14, 1867, the Council resolved : — "That this Council regard with sat-
isftiction that the efforts made in the county and city, in establishing a
bank with a local proprietory, have met with success ; and we trust
that the Canadian Bank of Commerce will meet with every encour-
agement."

Molsons Bank began business in 1853 under the Free Banking
Act of 1852, and got a charter in 1855, with a capital of $370,000.
Its growth has been wonderful, and from a local financial institution it
has spread all over the Dominion, now having some nineteen different
branches. The paid-up capital of this institution is $2,000,000, and its

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

1,^97

reserve fund $1,408,102. Its liabilities to depositors, note holders and
others, on Atay 31 last, were $8,452,681.42, while its assets exceed
this by a large sum, amounting in all to Sll,r)71,4G3.0!>. The business
of the local branch in London, established in 1870, was under the ex-
jierienced management of Joseph Jeffery, who retired in 1887. He
was succeeded by M, Heaton.

The Bank of Toronto, incorporated in 1855, was established at
London in November, 1887, taking over the business of the defunct
Bank of London, with VV. 11. Wadsworth, manager. The paid-up
capital of the Bank of Toronto is $2,000,000, and its reserve fund
$l,:!50,000. The notes of the bank in circulation amount to $087.<i59,
and its total liabilities to S6,(i80,.'!04.26. On the other hand, the in-
stitution's assets reach the handsome sum of S10,14."»,7ir>.lo,

The Bank of London suspended payment August 10, 18S7. It
appears that on that date the Bank of Toronto was to absorb the
susjiended concern, but the agreement was not ratified. The nominal
cajiital was $1,000,000, but only $212,97:!.08 was subscribed. Henry
Taylor, the president, had o,l;!4 shares, on which he paid $35,ir)6.8.S.
All shares numbered 10,000, principally taken by Londoners, who lost
very heavily, while depositors were more fortunate. As a first result
of the suspension, the Bennett Manufacturing Company assigned at
once. l)uring this eventful day, the bank president was not to be seen,
as prior to this he had left on his vacation tour. On August 24, H.
( ". Nelles was ap])ointed trustee of the Taylor estate.

The Fawcett Bank failure was reported September 24, 1884. In
Novenibov j.„ large meeting of depositors and other interested parties
was held at Watford, when Thomas Fawcett ])resented his report,
dealing with the condition of his bank at London and its several
branches on October 13; 1884. He pointed out that the liabilities
Wfie only $21t),'270.92, of which deposits represented $106,270.02,
while the assets amounted to i'?267,228.08, including North-west timber
limits, which he valued at $180,000. A committee was appointed to
report on the actual facts, and the meeting ended in a storm. In
January, 188"), a shortage of $47,000 was discovered in the accounts
of the Fawcett Bank estate by the committee's auditors. Books were
reported to have been removed or i)urned. At this time Assignee
Lucas gave Chairman Graham of the committee joint control of the
funds

The Federal Bank was opened at London, September 7, 1874. The
decision to wind u]) the atJiiirs of the Federal bank was arrived at
Feln'uary 2, 1882, for not until 1888 was their elegant building, on the
iiortlieast corner of I uidas and Richmond streets, sold to tlie more
successful Bank of Commerce.

The Farmers and Mechanics' Bank may be said to have been
organized in November, 1877.

Loan and Tnvcstminif Companies. — The loan and investment
companies doing business here in 1887-8 are named as follows : —

398

inSTOUY OF THE

Agricultural Savings and Loan Co., organized in May, 1872, with Williaui (llass

president in 18S7, and W. A. Lijisey manager.
Canadian Savin{,'.s and Loan Co., organized in October, 1875, with James Diirand

president in 1887, and H. W. Hlinn manager.
Dominion Savings and Investment Society, organized in April, 1872, with Robert Rcid

president in 18S7, and F. B. Leys manager.
Empire Loan Co., organized April 15, 1881, with F. R. Eccl«s president in 1887, and

George Piitchard manager.
Huron and Krie Loan and Saving.s Co , organized in 1864, with John W. Little

president in 1887, and Robert W. Smylie manager
London Loan Co., organized in 1877, with Thomas Kent president in 1887, and Malcolm

J. Kent manager.
Ontario Investment A.ssociation, organized in May, 1880, with Daniel Mactio president

in 1887, and Alfred A. Hooker manager.
Ontario Loan and Debenture Co., organized in October, 1870, with Joseph Jellery

president in 1887, and William F. BuUcn manager.
Royal Standard Loan Co., organized in August, 1877, with C. N. Sjieucer president in

1887, and D. McMillan manager.

The total liabilities were $17,074,031, while the siikscribed cajiital
was only $'.l,(;80,r)()0. The liabilities of stockholders, $57,560,15(1, and
liabilities to the jmblic, !j9.5l;i,SSl. The secured loan assets amounted
to S15,532 303, and jjroperty assets to !i?l,54l,7-8. At this time there
were fifty-live companies doing business in Ontario uuiier general acts
or charters. The assets of the companie^J consist of $79,035,804 in
secured loans and $8,051,803 in property. Of loans, the amount
secured on real estate of general borrowers is $74,954,070, and $252,-
957 on real estate of directors and otHcers of the companies ; while on
shareholders' stock the amount loaned is $852,267, and on stock <>{
officers and directors, $177,405. Loans otherwise secured amount
to $2,799,039. The property assets consist principally of five classi's,
viz., municipal, school section and loan company debentures to the
value of $1,153,105; cash on hand and in banks, $2,201,361; office
premises, $751,971 ; real estate foreclosed, $1,091,901, and otiier
property, $2,820,033. The aggregate of loan and property assets is
$87,087,607.

Only two of the fifty-five companies passed their dividends for the
year ; and of the fifty-three which declared dividends, one paid 5 per
cent., fourteen paid 6, and one paid 6|, twenty-four paid 7, one paid 7A,
six paid 8, five paid 10, and one paid 12. The average dividend for
all the companies, exclusive of the two non-earning ones, was nearly
7§ per cent, on paid-up capital, or ati aggregate of $2,021,207. The
average rate of interest on total amount secured by mortgages in all
the companies ranged from 6 to 8 per cent. ; on amount loaned on
mortgages in the year, from 6 to 8 per cent. ; on debentures, from 4 33
to 5.44 per cent. ; and on deposits, from 3.16 to 5.28 per cent. The
amount of interest paid and accrued on debentures in the year was
$1,552,621, and on deposits $685,138. The amount received as inter-
est from borrowers is not given separately for all the companies, but
the principal and interest .so received was $18,987,927. The amounts
receive<l from and repaid to depositors during the year, although ditt'er-

CDrNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

39&

ing considerably in (>iicli company, are almost equal in the aggregates
of all the companies — the deposits being $25,28;>,071, and the with-
drawals !S2ri,283,441. The amount of debentures issued during the
year was S(),'-tj3,8S4, and the amount repaid was S4,:i4(),2!l4. The
amount invested and sec\n'ed by mortgage by all the companies is
§75,433,882, of which $29,tl'.ll,r)'.)l is on mortgages payable by instal-
ments, and §45,742,2'.tl on mortgages payable at stated periods — the
estimated cash value of all investments being §84,080,(182. Itap])ears,
however, that of the $75,433,882 invested i)y the companies, the large
sum of §45,288,518 has been borrowed by them for that purpose. The
number of mortgages on which proceedings were taken during the year
was 688, and the .amount of such mortgages SI, 410,012. The value
of mortgaged pro]jerty held for sale was §2,540,788, and the amount
chargeable against such property §2,100,405. The cost of manage-
ment for all the companies during the ye.ar was §()85,1)05, being about
2 A per cent, on their ])aid-up ca])ital.

The Huron & Erie Loan tfe .Savings Co. was organized in February,
1864. The last annual report shows that of §1,500,000 of subscribed
cajntal, §1,100,000 is i)aid uji, and the Huron & P>ie at present has a
reserve fund of §437,000. Among the original promoters of the Huron
& Erie were the following gentlemen, all of whom will be readily recog-
nized for their energy and business acumen : — The late John IMrrell,
the late Samuel liarker, .1. G. Mcintosh, Verschoyle Cronyn, Philip
Mackenzie, Senator Leonard, and others. Robert W. Smylie is the
present manager. The lioard for 1888 comprised the following gentle-
men: — President, J. VV. Little; vice-president, Wm. Saunders ; direc-
tors, E. Leonard, -L G. Mcintosh, Philip Mackenzie and John Beattie -^
manager, Kobeit W. Smylie ; .solicitfjr, Verschoyle Cronyn ; auditors,
George F. Jewell, F. C. A., and T. A. Browne.

The Ontario Loan & Debenture (JoTnjiany, with its headquarters at
London, is one of the best known in Western Ontario. Its subscribed
capital is §2,000,000, of which amount the very large sum of §1,200,-
000 has been paid up. Money is loaned on real estate only ; and, as a
consequence, the standing of the Ontario I-oan & Debenture is of the
very best. The following gentlemen compose the management : —
Joseph Jell'ery, president; John McClary, vice-president; Alexander
Jolmston, Wm. Bowman and Wni. McDoiiough, directors ; and W. F,
BuUen, manager. The auditors are A. S. Emery and Geo. F. Jewell.
The gentlemen above named, who have been long connected with the-
institution, are to be congratulated upon placing it on such an enviable-
basis. It is to-day one of the wealthiest loan companies in Canada.

The Dominion Savings & Investment Co. was organized about
1875, among its i)rinci])al promoters being : — Mr. Strathy, ex-collector of
customs. Dr. Cattermole, W. R. Meredith, M. P. P., the late Colin
Munro, sherifl' of Elgin, John Elliott, Daniel Macfie, Thomas Beattie,
Hermann Waterman, William ' hiffield, and its present manager. Col
Leys. The capital stock was xed at §1,000,000, and this was all

4()(»

HISTOIJY OF TlIK

sul)scril)ed, ami t()-(liiy the lai},'e iinioiint of $",150,000 has beoti paid
up. The business of the IJoiuiiiion is strictly confined to Western
Ontario, where its funds are all invested in farm and other real prop-
erty. The Savings Bank branch of the JJoniinion is also extensively
patronized. Such men as Kobert Keid, collector of customs ; Kev. J.
Herbert Starr, of Toronto ; N. Keid, of W. J. iieid & Co.; Wni. Bet-
tridge, M. 1)., Strathroy ; T. II. Purdom, banister; Hugh Moore, Dun-
das ; Duncan Coulson, Toronto ; John Leys, jr., Toronto ; Geo. Boyd,
Toronto; .lohn Ferguson, Cha.s. 11. Elliott and ( 'ol. Leys, are on its
direct(tmte; while K. .1. I'arke, who was solicitor for the pioneer bank
of Lonilon, holds the same oftice in this comj)any.

The Canadian Savings and Loan Company was organized in 187">,
with a subscribed capital of l?750,O(((t. Among its original jn'onioters
were Messrs. James Duratid, John Christie, Colonel Lewis, James
Armstrong, M.l'., John VV. Jones, Kobert Fox, and H. W. Blinn, the
jnesent manager. The institution, under Mr. Blinn, has had a more
than usually jjrosperous career, as the last annual report shows. Of
the subscribed capital stock of §750,0(10, some $G8:^,05(i.4;> has been
jiaid up. The reserve fund amtmnts to »^1()(),0(I(>, and the contingent
fund to §15, 750.83. making the total assets of the Canadian 81,075,-
852.9t), wliile the liabilities to the public only foot up to $817,145.70.
The company places its funds in nothing but good Ontario real estate,
and, as a consequence, its inve.stments are all of the safest description.
The following well-known business men comprise the ])resent manage-
ment:— I'residei it, James Durand ; vice-presidents, John Christie and
K.Lewis; directors, Kobert Fox, James Armstrong, M. P., John W.
. I ones, and H. Becher, Q. C. ; bankers, the Molsons Bank of Canada;
.solicitors, Magee, Greenlees & Thomas ; manager, H. W. Blinn ; iii-
.s])ector, Kobert Fox.

Agricultural Savings atid Loan Company was established with a
charter in May, 1872, with J. A. Koe as manager, and K. Tooley,
president; John Wright, vice-jn-esident; D. Kegan, Andrew McCor-
mick, John Bennett, Kichard Bailey, A. T. Chapman, George Birrell
and -lames Owrey, directors. William A. Lip.sey came in as manager
of the bank on July 1, 1880, being accountant of the institution lor
ten years previous. The sixteenth annual report of the directors
made the following very satisfactory showing : — Subscribed capital,
S6oO,lH>0; paid-up capital, 55610,585; reserve fund, $88,000; con-
tingent fund. 84,509. While the total assets of the company amounted
to some $l,580,y(t8.ot), the liabilities to the public only come to $850,-
:i8(t.64. The present otticers are: — President, Wm. Glass, sherilV of
Middlesex; vice-president, Adam Murray; directors, Lieut.-Col. Jas.
Moll'at, i^ondou ; Daniel Kegan, merchant, London ; Thos. j\IcCor-
mick, manufacturer, London ; Donald Mackay, merchant, Toronto ; .1.
W. Little, merchant, London; with Kichard Bayly, Q. C, solicitor.

The London Loan Company of C!anada has now been doing busi-
uess in Loudon since 1877, and under the management of M, J. Kent

LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOL.

llilS

pnm
Hut(
iM. J
•[. K

tioii,
table

Vears.

W7..

1878..

1S79.

18.80..

1881..

I«82..

1883..

1884..

1885..

1888..

1887..,

Til
steady
arnouii
eiit ofl
tlirecto

It. \y.

with (;

Th(

1877.

paid u

inaiiaf^e

and Jo:

Joliii J(

and H.

Tlie

coni])an

F. E. E(

Tlie

wrecked

the dire

the a.s,sel

of.'?724,:

h!in,self J

Taylor, t

reliably <

Insu

I'iinies m

life plan;

^> accidei

dei.o.sits 1

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

403

has exj)erienced a large degree of ))ro3perity. Among its original
jmiinoters were : — Thos. Kent, Janies (Jvvrey, (I. 1). Sutlicrland, C'has.
Hutchinson, Dr. Nelles, Andrew Weldon, and the present manager,
M. J. Kent. In fact, the ])resident, Thos. Kent, and the manager, M.
.1. Kent, liave remainc^d at the liead of the institution since its incep-
tion, and their capable supervision is best shown by the following

table :—

BepoHitg and

Warn. Loans. Debentures. Keservo.

1S77 $ 19!»,1).';2 « M.aHl Jl.l.riit 6.'-)

187S 3!il,124 94,!mit 18,r>00 34

1879 3.11,567 111,807 20,463 6«

1880 .'■.80,438 237,424 21,185 64

1881 840,340 361,078 43,547 67

1H82 7n.-).220 278,153 45.565 09

18S3 740,605 238,724 47,535 02

1884 856,131 291543 47,535 02

1S85 1,119,248 561,765 60,000 00

1886 l,3r.5,810 684,711 53,000 00

1887 1,272,158 567,227 56,703 57

T\\h table shows that the jirogress of the institution has been
steadv iind certain. At present its reserve and contingent funds
uniount to 366,703 57, and its total as.sets to $1,276,1'.)3.91. The pres-
(iut oflicers are : — President, Thomas Kent ; vice-president, .las. Owrey ;
directors, Thomas McCormick, G. U. Sutherland, J. A. Nelles, M. 13.,
K. W. Pviddicombe and Andrew Weldon ; manager, Malcolm J. Kent ;
with (Jibbons, McNab & ]\I\ilkern, solicitor.

The Poyal Standard Loan Company was organized in August,
1877. The ca])ital stock being 81,000,000, of which some $240,000 is
jtiiid up. C. N. S])ence is the president, and Donald McMillan
manager. The other officers are named as follows : — W. H. Ferguson
and Joshua Jackson, first and second vice-presidents ; B. E. Sifton,
John Johnson, John Tampon, L. McDonald, R. Rich, James Cameron
and II. Becher, directors.

The Empire Loan Company completes the list of local financial
conqianies. It was organized A])ril 15, 1881. Of this institution, Dr.
¥. 11. Eccles is the president, and George Pritchard, the manager.

The Ontario Investment Association was found to be totally
wrecked in October, 1887, when the shareholders assembled to hear
the directors' report. The liabilities were ])laced at Sl,8l(»,50r), and
the as.sets at Sl,835,2'.'2, — the balance, S18,788, was all that remained
of $724,247. '.'G paid-up capital. Charles Murray, the manager, loaned
hunselt .'^lUi,:i73, all of which was lost exce]pt about 830,000. Henry
Taylor, the president, had S-'>8'.>,(IOO, Init the auditors could not report
reliably on the disposition of this sum.

Insurance Comjmnies. — At the present time there are 83 com-
]iaiiies under the supervision of the office, 42 doing business on the
life jilan ; 4, a,ssessment ; ;>2, fire ; 7, inland marine ; 4, ocean marine ;
S, accident; 3, guarantee; 1, steam boiler; and 4, plate glass. The
deposits for the protection of policy-holders, held by the Keceiver-

404

HISTORY OF THE

(Jemjiiil in trust for these compaiiic^s at the Idth of July, 18SH, ainouutcil
to ?1. '5,073,477. -*' ill securities; and there was also depositeil with
Canadian trustees, in conformity with thi^ Act, Sii70,(i'.t'.t, making' a tola!
of ^14,:;44,174,an increase since lust repoil of 5? 1,8(1(1,:!'.) I. Tlie li.lal
amount of ))reniiunis received for all forms of insurance wiisS*! L',1 77,14:1,
of which ?4,(l(l."»,tj('i4 was received by Canadian comiianies ; §4,('i;i:i,7(H)
I'ritish do.; and ?U,'.i:>7,77<' American do. The iiolicics in lorcc niiin-
ber : — Canadian companies, '>[),H2'.'>; British do., 13.S;{S; American do,
;i4,440. The avera<;e amount of a policy is : — Canadian, !#1,0'.)8; IJritisli,
$L',U3r) ; American, ^1,7(18. The total amount of polices is : -Cana-
dian com])anies, ^lOl.SC.O.lOO ; British, !?28,l(i:;,:!L".i ; American,
g!(;0,878,MG7 ; total, SlllO,ti07,7'.lG. The death rate amon<r insii: d
lives in (.'anada was about 7.'.'U'.) per thousand, 'i'he avera<,'t! death
rate for the last ei<^ht years is 8.442. The totid anKumt paid
to ])olicy holders during tlie year 1887 was 5i!:'i,23"),2(ir(. For every
81(10 ])remiums received, there has been paid to j)olicy lujlders !?52 '.('.I,
leaviu",' S47.01 to be carried to reserve, expense and jirofits. The
average rati; of premium received for every ^KHl of current risk is: —
Canadian companies, Sli.'.to; British, ;s*3.2(t; American, So.Sd; and
for all companies the average is !:?i!.28. The average rate of claims
paid for every §1(10 of current risk is: — Canadian coniimnies, Stic;
British, SSI. 52 ; American, 81.57; and for all companies the average
is $1.19.

The London Mutual Fire Insurance Company was organized in
April, 1860, with T. H. Buckley, president; Thomas Stile,", John W.
Van Wormer, Crowell Wilson, Richard Jiiddulph, William Niles,
Hannlton Dunlo]), directors ; and Andrew Chisholm, secretary; Cluis,
Monsarrat, treasurer. The first year was very hard, oidy ninety-cnght
policies being issued. A. McDonald was secretary in 1861, when
2,715 policies were in force, averaging $r)77, and losses by fire $22o.
The immber of policies in force since 18(J2, and the amount of annual
loss by fire, are given below : —

1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874

9,108 $ 4,463

17,090 9,465

23,059 20,548

26,582 29,,'-,29

27,822 33,209

28,480 24,76S

2,S,764 28,183

30,892 31,149

32,8S2 42,318

B4,.')28 61,604

35,871 26,765

36,210 50,165

36,897 47,272

1875 38,427 «;)0,192

1876 39,57.'. 5'.t,421

1S77 40,049 6-1. !«.'■>

1878 40,167 6.\35S

1879 40,932 67,(100

1880 40,,S93 M,0:!1

1881

1882
1883
1S84
1885
1886

39,706 75.102

39,899 78.1t2i>

39,710 60,7,W

40,009 70,211

41,011 76,14S

42,980 78,557

1887 41,219 83,.S68

The amount of property insured aggregates $43,413,717. The
officers for 1888 are : — James Grant, J. P., (treasurer of London town-
ship) president; Daniel Black, vice-president; W. It. Vining, treas-
urer; C. G. Cody, fire inspector; J. B. Vining, accountant; Messrs,

COUNTV OV MlKliI.KSKX.

4(»r»

Miiciiiilliui 1111(1 ('iiniri'oii, solicitors; F. St. (J. Tiioiiipsnii, assistant
st'i'itiliiry ; 1». C Macdoiuiltl, scciotiiry aiitl iuaMai,'t.'r ; Aii^'iis Campliell,
Daniul Black, .I(>so]iii II. Maisliall, M. 1'., .lames Anustroii^', M. P.,
Tlioiiias ('. Hewitt, Thomas K. IJolisoii, John l[o(lj,'sun, .lames Arm-
stront;, of Union ; .lames (Jiant, of .\rva, direetor.s.

The (_)ntai'io Mntiial is the .second oldest local institntion of the
kind in London, having commenced business in ISilT, with Samuel
McMridc, ja'csident, ami .Fames .lohn.son, .secretary and treasurer;
therefore, this year it celebrates its majority. Kver since tht; iniH'ption
of the (Jntario Mutual, its business has steadily increased, and ntiver
more rajiidly than during; the jiast two or three yearn. A.s an instanco
of thi.s, the last annual report issued in .Fanuiuy, ISSS, .show.s that in
1SS7 the number of )lolicit^s i.ssued was l.liTl, ayainst 1,424 for 1.SS7,
an increiLso of L'-i? policies, rejirosentinj,' i514."),('».')(>. The total number
of jiolicies in force at the .same time was 4,;)47, insurini^ property
to the lar<,'e amount of §2,SS7,.")yO. The comjiany do busim^.ss on
two systems, the jiremium note plan, and llu; cash system. They are
both j^ood and (Mpially jKipular. Althouj,'h the season of 18S7 was
very dry and hanl on all comjiauies, the los.ses of the Ontario Mutual
were only slij^htly over §14,000, and were all prom])tly met. This
comjiany owes its ])rosperity to the capable men who have hold of it.
The director.^ for 1888 are : — A, McCormick, president ; -las. Egan,
vice-president; Robert Smith, Thos. II, Tracy, V>. W. Greer, and Chas.
Taylor. 1*. V. Boyle is the energetic manager, and he has aided the
directors very materially in making the Ontario Mutual as pn-perous
as it is. Its business is not confined to London, but extends all over
the Province. The total los,ses ])aid since 1867 amount to SI lG,(J3(i.47.

The London Life Insurance Company was incor|)orated in 1874
under an act of the Legislature of Ontario. Some of the best business
men, as well as the wealthiest residents, were at its back. It was re-
incorporated in 1885 by special act of the Parliament of ( 'anada. The
authorized capital is S 1,000,000, of which S-'^.'t.OOO has been sub-
scribed for and S.')3,t)uO paid up in cash. In addition to the most
approved forms of life and endowment policies issued by this company
during the past fourteen years, industrial insurance has also been in-
troduced, whereby every healthy member of a family from one to sixty-
five years of age may be insured. The premiums are collected weekly
at the homes of the members, five cents per week and upwards being
acc(!i)ted at any of the above ages. The manager, .1. (1. llichter, is
experienced in the business. Its stockholders are among the most
successful business men of the city, the present Hoard of Directors
Iwing : — ,K)seph Jellery, president; John McClary, vice-president;
William Bowman, George C. Gibbon.s, Arthur S. Emery, Thomas H.
Smallman, William F. Bullen, George M. Harrison, Sheriff Glass and
Judge Bell.

The Huron & Middlesex Mutual Fire Insurance Company, in ex-
istence about ten years, has had a most prosperous career. The last

400

HISTORY OF THE

aunucil re{)ort shows that during 1887 some 1,2G4 policies were issued,
insuring' property to the amount of nearly 81,000,000, while the total
number of i)olicies in force is 2,782, coverinjr projierty valued at
S2,044,242. The amount paid out for losses during 1887 was only
$l;{,04r).72, and the assets increased from Sr)4,187.03 to $72,2Gi».24,
showing a very satisfactory advance of 818,082.21. The present Eoanl
is an unusually good one, consisting of Messrs. L (,'. Leonard, London ;
K. S. Murray, London ; Henry Johnston, London West; D. M. Cani-
eroa, exM. P., Strathroy ; Jas. McKenzie, Union ; Richard Shoults,
J. P., Parkhill ; Geo. Samwell, J. P, E.\eter; G. I. Walker, Aylmer;
Eichard Southam, London. The officers of the company are : — Messrs.
L. C. Leo'i.ird, president and treasurer ; D. M. Cameron, ex-^I. P.,
vice-president ; John SLephenson, secretary and manager ; W. W. Fitz-
gerald, solicitor; W. Spittal, accountant, London ; W. S. Jackson, Dut-
ton, and F. Harley, London, general agents ; bankers, Bank of P>riti.sh
North Americji. The Huron & Middlesex Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
is prepared to take risks on all kinds of manufacturing, commercial,
private and farm property.

The City Mutual Fire Insurance Company is the youngest local
company. In 1865, when the joint stock companies throughout this
country formed a coml)ine, this company was formed to combat the
combine, and it did so very successfully. The Loudon Mutual
did not take commercial risks, and many of those most largely inter-
ested in that company heartily took hold of the new scheme, and as a
result in June, 1886, the City Mutual was launched. The annual
statement is.^ue'^ in January last, when the City Mutual was just a
year and a half oW, showed that then the risks covered by the com-
pany amounted to 87'.I7,605. The assets were S38,."i.S2.9r), of which
810,000 in cash was deposited with the treasurer of Ontario, as security
for insurers. In fact, this company has met with unprecedented
success. The ofticers for this year consist of Mayor Cowan, of London,
president; James Armstrong, M. P. for South Middlesex, vice-presi-
dent; W. P. Vining, treasurer; Aid. J. B. Vining, secretary, and G.
A. Black' took, special adjuster and inspector of agencies.

The London Masonic Mutual Benefit Association was organized
December 27 1870, and incorporated March 2, 1874, with llev. Mr.
Innes, presiue ^t, and H. A. Baxter, secretary. The directoi's were
Robert Lewis, vice-jiresident; Hermann Waterman, G S. Birrell, C. A.
Sippi, Thomas Beattie, M. D. Dawson and Isaac Waterman. The
membershiji in 1872 was 1,740, decreased to 1,447 in 1882, and to
1,135 in 1887. The total amount paid up to July, 1888, is 8474,-
799.7."), while the reserve fund is 8ii5,000. Robert Lewis is ]>resi(leiit,
and Andrew Ellis, secretary, vice Baxter, who dietl in July. 188S.
Among the directors are M. D. Dawson, J. D. Sharman, Thos. Brock,
John S. Dewar and J. B. Smyth.

When the ( Jamerons first published the Advertli^er, there were only
four agencies in the city, and only two of the gentlemen of a (luavtor

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

407

of a century ago are still in business here. They are, F. B. Beddome
and A. G. Smyth. The foiiner is probably the oldest insurance man
in London, having taken the agency for the Western Insurance Com-
jiany about 1851, and retained it ever since. The late J. C. Meredith,
at that time, al.so had the Pluenix Company. The London Mutual had
some agents residing here in 1861^ and doing work in the coimty.
Among them were Messrs. Leslie Johnston, George and W. T. Kiley,
now controlling, to a great extent, the Toronto Street Ilailway, and Wm.
Moore, of the Customs Department. Tlie agents to-day in London are
as follows : —

Eobert Waddell, Scottish Union and National, of Ireland. Bed-
dome & l'>rown, Connecticut, of Hartford ; Northern Fire and Life ;
Norwich Union, of England ; Royal, of England ; Western Assurance
Company. G. M. Gunn & Sons, .^tna ; British American ; Hiirtford,
of Hartford ; Im])erial, of London ; London Assurance Comjiany ;
Plicenix, of Brooklyn. Hammond & Gillean, North British and Mer-
cantile ; Caledonian ; Phrenix, of England ; Hand in Hand. John Bur-
nett, Royal Canadian ; Ontario Mutual. J. A. Nellcs, City of London ;
Fire Insurance Association ; Glasgow and London ; Lancashire and
Manchester. David Smith, Citizens'; London and Lancashire. T. R.
Parker, Commercial Union ; Queen. R. Butler & Son, Gore District ;
Mercantile ; Northern ; Perth ; Waterloo. E. J. McRoberts, Agricul-
tural Fire Assurance Com])any, of Watertown, N. Y. ; Economical
Mutual, of Berlin ; Hand in Hand ; Perth Mutual; Quebec, of Quebec,
— all fire companies.

R. Butler & Sons, Citizens' ; Federal. David Smith, Citizens', of
Canada. J. Frith Jeifers, British Empire Mutual Life Assurance Com-
pany, of London, England. T. R. Parker, Commercial Union ; (^ueen.
Beddome & Brown, Mutual, of New York. E. J. ^IcRoberts, North-
western Masonic Aid Association. G. M. Gunn & Son, Travelers', of
Hartford. John Burnett, Ontario Mutual, of ^Vaterloo. Hammond &
Gillean, Standard. J. A. Nelles, Sun. C. E. German, Ontario Mutual,
of Waterloo, — all life insurance companies.

G. M. Gunn & Son, Accident, of North America; Travelers', Hart-
ford. E. De la Hook, Accident, of North America. R. Butler & Son,
Citizens'. Hammond & Gillean, Citizens'; London Guarantee and
Accident Company. David Smith, Citizens', of Canada. Beddome &
Brown, Mutual, J. A. Nelles, Sun Life, — all accident companies.

G. M. Gunn & Son, Guarantee Company, of North America.
Hammond & Gillean, London Guarantee and Accident Company, —
guarantee companies.

J. A. Nelles, British and Foreign. G. M. Gunn & Son, British
and Foreign, of Liverpool. T. R. Parker, Commercial Union, — marine
insurance.

J. A. Nelles, Dominion. E. J. McRoberts, Hand in Hand. G. M.
Gunn & Son, Lloyd, — plate glass insurance.

There are also in the city a number of benefit associations open to

408

HISTORY OF THE

particular classes. There is the London Masonic Mutual Benefit As-
sociation ; the Western Travelers' Mutual Benefit Society, and the
Catholic Mutual lienevolent Association. The Foresters, Order of
Chosen Friends, T\ nights of Pythias, Scottish Clans, National Union,
United Workmen, and lloyal Arcanum, — all have benefits attached.

Miscellaneous Paragraphs. — Among the items intended to be
incorporated in one or other of the subjects into which the history of
London is divided, a few did not obtain the proper jjlace, and for this
reason they are given here.

John McLaughlin was a shoemaker at London in 18o6-7.

John Smith was charged in January, 1837, with breaking into the
shop of John Thilpot Curran in London. John Talljot and William
Farier were bondsmen for Smith.

In 1845, James Farley applied for permission to use part of North
street, adjoining the churchyard, for a brickyard, but wns denied.

Michael Segar, who operated a line of stages between London and
Port Stanley, in connection with steamboats at that ]>ort, was also
owner of mail routes here.

The trade of the Port of London in 1855 was represented by
£232,552, imywrts, and £77,1>73, exports. The respective figures for
185G were f 2'.»3,;t98 and £75,437.

The telegraph line from London to Sarnia was completed, and the
first message received, in August, 1859.

In July, 18G8, W. H. Boullie and Donald Mcintosh, drug clerks,
of London, were killed near Thamesville depot, while en route home
from Detroit, Mich.

John Norsworthy was killed in J. & 0. McClary's factory, York
street, December 12, 1808.

A female mute, aged ten years, resided witli Charles Scln'ier, a
German laborer, (on Talbot street, three doors from the north-east
corner of P'ullarton,) in April, 1869. She was almost fleshless since
her birth.

The flouring mill erected by Elijah Leonard in 18()!l, adjoined his
foundry on the west side.

In March, 1869, a New York man, named Pratchey, rented the
tannery in Petersville from Dr. Anderson for the purpose of a glue
factory.

The arrests made in London in 1872 numbered 1,092. The religious
demoninations accredited to the prisoners stand as follows : — 500 pro-
fessed to belong to the E])iscopal Church ; 279 to the Eoinan Catholic
faith; 114 to the various sects of Methodism ; 95 to the Presbyterian
and Scotch Church ; 18 to the Baptist, and 80 did not profess to worship
God at all.

Charles Chapman, a dentist, who had an office over Conover's store,
in the Hiscox Block, committed suicide June 13, 1872. '\\'aut and
despair urged him to this deed ; for although equal to anyone in liis
profession, he could not obtai.. work here without holding a Canadian
license.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

409

In January, 1873, a colored man, Jasper Williams, escaped from
his house while sutteriiig from small-pox. He was found frozen to
death within the Palace groimds.

In 1874 there were 1,385 arrests in London, 201 of which were
female cul prits. One male and one female were accused of murder ;
eighty-four males and eighteen females of being drunk and disorderly,
and 293 males and seven females of being drunk. Of the persons
aiTe.sted 329 were English, 326 Irish, 189 Scotch; 299 Canadians, 198
Americans, and forty-four of other countries.

In August, 1876, a child of S. A. Eakins drank some water off a
fly-poison plat«, and died that evening.

In October, 1879, Charles L. Lancaster, of the Merchants Bank,
London, was arrested on tlie charge of embezzling 81 ,000 on March 29.

The murder of Frank L. Gundlack, of the Dominion Reporting and
Collecting Agency, was perpetrated by Wra. Drought, at the Grigg
House, at midnight on Oct. 22, 1879.

Henry Fysh was appointed jailer for the County of Middlesex in
1880, and died a few years later.

Eobert Arkell's brewery was destroyed by fire two years before his
death in 1882.

In August, 1882, Patrick Higgins, of Woodstock, was drowned in
the Thames at London.

Loudon and St. Thomas were connected by telephone, Nov. 18,
1888.

A boy, named Albert Brooks, was drowned near Westminster
Bridge, in April, 1885.

The Granite Block, on the north side of York, just east of Rich-
mond, was completed in 1887 for Charles W. Audrus. The four
wholesale firms, A. M. Smith & Co., R. C. Macfie & Co., Bowman,
Kennedy & Co., and Sterling Brothers, were the first tenants.

In November, 1887, a coal stove in Rev. John Linwood's house, on
^laitland street, exploded. Some persons attributed the explosion to
guii])owder, rather than to gas, and as a result, Liuwood left the city.
He was an exhorter in the Baptist Church of London East, and also
earnest in Methodist work during the Hunter-Cros.sley meetings.

( '. I). Shaw, who settled at London in ante-rail days, and built up
the largest hardware trade in Canada, died in January, 1888.

London East, now a part of London (,'ity, dates back to 1851,
when Murray Anderson purchased a lot in the forest, near Noble F,
English's log-house. In 1854, Squire Anderson built the large brick
residence he now lives in, as he then imagined, away out in the coun-
try, never dreaming anything in the shape of a city could ever reach
him where he was. At that time there were only about four houses in
London East, viz. : — N. F. English, M. Anderson, Samuel Park, ex-
jailer, J. Warwick and A. Lsaacs. Shortly afterward, John AUaster
and family, J. Leonard, hotel, J. Sheppard, Richard Gould, and a few
others, all of whom might be termed the pioneers of London East,

410

fflSTORY OF THE

moved in, invested in lots and put up buildings. Murray Anderson
moved into his new house — the first brick house, not only in London
East, but the first brick east of Burwell street — in 1855.

At that time, 1855, there was no business whatever transacted in
London East ; not even so much as a tavern or blacksmith shop to be
seen, and the settlers would scarcely number a tlozen. Leonard's
Hotel was opened the followiiio year. In 1856, Murray Anderson
built a large frame foundry on the city side of Adelaide street, which
gave steady employment to about one hundred men for a number of
years, until he sold the property to Mr. Crawford, who, some years
after, took down the old frame, and erected in lieu thereof a large brick
foundry, to which the company, now known as the Globe Works,
made in 1881 a considerable addition.

This foundry, although standing immediately without the borders,
has always been looked upon as a London East institution. In fact,
it was the means of starting London East, and only for it and some
industries which followed shortly after, London East would never have
been a separate corporation, or indeed a section of any importance
whatever. In 1804, the population of London East was about 500.
During that year, W. Bailey, sr., and Messrs, Duffield Bros, started
oil refineries on the Hamilton Rct.id. Their commencement was small,
but the business increased so raj)idly as to draw the attention of other
capitalists to the place, and in 18(i6, nearly fifty acres were covered
with refineries, among the more prominent of whom were, Bailey,
Duffield & Co., Spencer & Waterman, Stedwell & Co., L. C. Leonard,
Burns & Co., and many others. The population of the suburb in 1866
was estimated at 1000.

Between 1866 and 1872, London East more than doubled its popu-
lation. During these three years, such mammoth industries as tlie
Ontario Car Works, giving employment to from three to four hundred
hands ; the Great Western Car Works, giving employment to a similar
number; Fitzgerald's oil refinery, A. M. Ross's refinery, and the
Victor Oil Works, and immense cooper shops, were established.

The population about this time was estimated at 2,000 ; but still,
owing to the scattered appearance of the place and low taxes, not the
first whisper was heard in reference to incorporation, and allairs went
on prosperously and harmoniously till 1874, when it seemed to strike
the London Easters all at once that they should be incorporated, and
a public meeting was called in the Adelaide street school-house.
Among those present were Messrs. A. M. Boss, Isaac Waterman, M.
Anderson, J. Carlin, Charles Lilley, J. Effner, R. Gough, A. Isaac, J.
W. Bartlett, W. Goidd, T. W. Standfield, J. McMichael, Peter Allaster,
John Allaster, and about one hundred and fifty others. The chair was
occupied by M. Anderson, and the meeting appointed Messrs. Carlin
and Etl'ner to take the census, which stroke of business they accom-
plished in a very prompt and efficient manner, so much so, that within
a week they reported on the 500 acres no fewc ban 2,500 souls.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

411

Londiin East was incorporated, on motion of W. D. Hammond,
seconded by John W. Campbell, on J>nie 5, 1874. Abram Effner was
appointed returninfj officer; Messrs. Etl'ner and Carlin were the census
enumerators, lleuben Short and 204 others petitioned for the act.
On the 1st of January, 187"), the first election took place, which
resulted in A. M. Itoss being elected by acclamation as reeve, Peter
Allaster, first deputy, and Isaac Waterman, R. Gough and J. H.
McMechan, councilmen ; A. Isaac, clerk ; J. D. Smith, treasurer.
This year the street car track was extended into the village.

In June, 1H82, the by-law empowering the Council of London
East to expend $40,000 on the construction of water works, was carried
by a vote of 1G7 for and 11 against.

Up to ISd;") the greater portion of the business was confined to the
Hamilton Road, part of London East, but from that date the current
of trade began to set in rapidly in the direction of Dundas street.
This was more noticeable when Chas. Lilley, the reeve of 1881, built
up a number of stores near the corner of Dundas and Adelaide streets.
Shortly after, Murray Anderson erected a splendid block of buildings,
containing five handsome stores, known as Anderson Block. Messrs.
Sanborn, Legg and Hicks followed the example set, by erecting large
brick blocks. These, together with a number of other stores, indus-
tries, &c., created a large trade for Dundas street

The name of Lilley's Corners was changed to London East, Dec. 23,
1876. The agi'eement between the county and city provided for the
payment by the city of S7,800 to the county, as the debt of London
East on its annexation to the city that year.

The first school — an old log affair, 12 x2(), two windows and a stove
pipe — was erected amid much rejoicing, on the Gore Road, about the
year 1848. The second school is the present low frame Ijuilding on
Adelaide street. It was built in 1800. Speaking of the schools in
1881, one of the old settlers says : — "This school is supposed to have
turned out more scholars to the square foot than any seminary of its
size in the County of Middlesex, or the city either. Mr. -las. Park
was the first teacher in London East. (The old log school house re-
ferred to being outside the limits.) He commenced in 18G0, and such
was the fame of this school, that in 1808 there were over two hundred
names on the register, many of the scholars hailing from the city.
With the aid of monitors, he handled the host single-handed ; and such
was the size of the school, that Mr. Crowell Wilson hesitated paying
over the Government money till the Inspector came forward to vouch
for the figures. ]\Ir. James Park is a graduate of Dublin University.
After teaching in London East for nearly four years, he left for Chat-
ham, where he was appointed Principal of the King Street School.
Although nearly seventy years old, he is a hale and hearty old gentle-
man, and able for duty another ten years or more. At present he is
visiting his old friends and scholars in London East, where he is spend-
ing his holiday. The next is the Rectory, or Park Street School, a

412

HISTOUY OF THE

peculiarly arranged brick building, which, at a cost of about $4,000,
was erected about 1870. The Anderson School, situated on Timothy
street, a fine, two-story edifice, brick, four large rooms, was built in
187"), at a cost of about $7,000, The Central School marks an era in
the educational annals of London East. It was commenced last June,
and will be ready for the scholars next week. This splendid building
has already been fidly described in the Advertiser. It contains six
large rooms capable of seating 350 children. Its total cost will be
about $12,000. For school accommodation, London East is .second to
no town in Ontario. The present Principal of the London East
Schools is Mr. W. D. Eckert, who has fulfilled his duties so ably dur-
ing the last ten years, that the trustees have once again secured his
services, and now is about to enter on his eleventh year. When Mr.
Eckert commenced in 1871, ten years ago, he had but one school
house (Adelaide street), three assistant teachers and 2r)0 scholars. In
1881, or rather the beginning of 1882, finds him at the head of four
large schools, containing 1,150 scholars, and presided over by himself
and twelve competent teachers."

The first church in London East was built by the Canada Metho-
dist body in 1860, who afterwards sold it to the Church of England,
who subsequently di.sposed of it to the Baptists, who now own it. It
is a fine, large, frame structure, corner of Adelaide and King. St.
Luke's (Church of England) was the second sacred edifice built, about
1870. Since then all the denominations are well represented in
London East in the matter of churches.

London East Methodist Church of Canada was established in 1877
with thirty-nine members. John K. Keppel was first preacher, suc-
ceeded by Thos. B. Leith, who served from 1878 to 1880; George
Daniel, 1881-2, with J. H. Keppel superannuated; li. W. Williams,
188;!; Thomas Cosford, 1884.

The statistics of London City for 1888 are as follows : —

WAKDS.

a
p.

Real

propertj'.

No. 1

4,526
5,020
6,301
6,027
5,086

$ 3,029,600

No. 2

No. 3

2,957,450
1,167,427

No. 4

1,914,015
1,253,725

No. 5

Totals 126,960 $10,322,217

— 4>

S a,
S o

C u

« u

3.S
a

880,350$
522,(I50|
201,100
17,650
117.900

$1,745,050

443,475

454,780

47,070

48,890

10,656

o rt

O *- <8
H

$ 4,3.59,425
3,934,280
1,915,.597
1,980,555
1,382,275

$1,004,86.1 $13,572,132

•S'S

B «
O M

j~796i
400i
404
242!
220i

tac
o
O

122
197
244
313
207

$2,06211,083

The population of London South and London West may be placed
at 6,500, thus bringing the total number of inhabitants in the three
Loudons up to 33,460.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

413

CHAPTER XIV.

STKATHROY.

The location of the town, near the beautiful spots in the wilderness
which the pioneers of Adelaide selected in 1832 for their homes, is
excellent. When the pioneer looked into the valley of Bear Creek at
this point and determined to build a village there, the river was a large
stream, clear and swift. He looked beyond it, and fancied the hill
covered by the homes of wealthy residents, with flower gardens, shel-
tered by groves, stretching from porticoed buildings down to the river
bank. The pioneer dream has been practically fulfilled, for, omitting
the swift, clear river and the luxurious porticoes of the dreamer, the
location is all that he pictured it would be sixty-six years ago. The
town is handsomely laid out, and with manufacturing establishments,
well-kept and well- stocked business houses, comfortable homes and a
thrifty population, presents a picttire of what a mixed Canadian, Irish,
English and Scotch people may accomplish in a brief space of time.
Its place in the midst of a rich agricultural country has, in conjunc-
tion with citizen enterprise, built up the town, which now boasts of a
number of churches and schools and two excellent newspapers, quite
in keeping with the character of its people.

Early in 1832, John Stewart Buchanan had a clearing made on lot
25, ;>rd concession of Adelaide. In 1834 he erected a small saw-miU
where the Piucombe grist-mill now stands, and close by his residence,
a small shanty. In 183(5 he added a grist-mill. In 1840, there
gathered round this little mamifacturing town a band of fourteen pio-
neers, and that year Hiram Dell opened the first store here. Patrick
Hoban was man-of-all-work round the two mills ; but later, a man
named Wells shared that position. For eight years Mr. Dell mon-
opolized the trade of Strathroy and vicinity. In 1848 a second general
store, tavern, blacksmith shop, and a shoe sho]) were opened, ar I in
that year or the following one, Mr, Iveefer opened his store, so that the
beginnings of the present town are credited to Messrs. Buchanan, Dell,
Page, Frank, and Keefer. In 1879, Judge Hughes, of St. Thomas,
speaking of olden times, related the following anecdote of a traveller
who set out from London to Strathroy a quarter of a century before : —
"The day was very cold, and after driving for a long time the man
pulled up at a pump. Another man came out of a house and said : —
' Won't you come in and warm ? * ' No,' said the traveller ; ' I'm going
to Strathroy ! ' ' Why,' said the resident, ' you are at Strathroy, now ! ' "

In the winter of 1840, Mr. Dell moved into Strathroy, which then
numbered fourteen inhabitants all told. He states that he sold one

414

HISTORY OF THE

huiulreil acres in Krooke Towiishij) for SlOO, and with tliis caiiital ho
detoriniiRHl to start storekooiiiiij,'. The story, as toiil by himself, is
substantially as follows : — " I turned out some stock and some cash
and built me a house, and when I bought my first goods, I had only
$40 in money, and I ran in debt $l.'>. I could have carried all my
goods on my back, exce]it one barrel of salt. The neighlwrs were
greatly pleased to tliiuk thoy were getting a store here. After I got
opened out, I think T took $1 in cash the first day, for some sugar ; the
next day I did something better, as it was getting nearer Christmas,
and the next day still a little more. I sold cheaper than Mr. Brennan
did at Katesville. Then, pe()])le coming to the mills were almost sure
to buy something. I fixed up a room with two beds, and kept a kind
of entertainment. I also built a small barn, and liad a yard to ])Ut
oxen in. After a while I got more; goods and a barrel of whisky, and
I found out that the whisky brought me more custom, as nearly
everybody liked a drop, especially in cold weather. In the spring of
1841, Mr. Wells and myself took both mills on shares ; we got one-half
of what the grist-mill made and one-quarter of what the saw-mill maile.
I would generally go to London after goods, leaving my wife to attend
store. When winter came, I had considerably more goods than at the
beginning. I could buy $30(1 or S40() worth at a time, and thought I
was doing a noble business when I would take in $100 in a month."

In 1S4((, Cook and Keefer bought liuchanan's interests in the mills.
De (iraw btiilt a small dwelling and store, and opened a grocery,
which, not paying, he abandoned. Hiram Dell's brother erected a house
for tavern purposes, and then appeared the blacksmith, shoemaker and
carpenter. Two years later the Page store was opened. It was time
now to look for postal facilities, and accordingly a petition was mailed ;
but, it is said, that Mr. Brown, the postmaster at the competing city
of Katesville, never forwarded the document. Another petition was
mailed at Adelaide, of which nothing was heard; but a third jietition
mailed at Delaware won recognition, and Cook was appointed post-
master at Strathroy. Mr. Brown, of Katesville, was so irritated at
this recognition of the growing settlement, he resigned. A Mr. Fulton
took his place, and held the Katesville office during his life. Mc-
Clatchey succeeded him ; but on his death the ottice was abolished.
Hugh McCoU, the present postmaster of Strathroy, has held the office
many years, his administration being considered very satisfactory.

In April, 18S8, the letters of Dr. W. F. lloome, recommending the
building of a post-office and custom-house at Strathroy, was presented
to Parliament.

In December, 1851, a traveller, writing on the village of that
period, says : — " There is a grist-mill, with two run of stone, and a
saw mill, owned by Timothy Cook ; a steam carding ra<achine, owned
by D. M. Rymal, and carried on by Adam Van Valkenburg ; a tan-
nery, owned by Wm. Montague ; a distillery, now building by Thomas
Thody. There are two stores, one owned by Hiram Dell, the other

isae.

Nov. 13 -I II
Nov. 14. —1 PI

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

415

by Page & Mansoii ; two wagon shops, by H. Dell and Henry ("coper;
two blacksmiths, Abel Wilcox and A. A. Conrad ; two shoemakers,
Moses Holton and Thos. Dnncan; one cooper, Asabel Clark; two
honse builders, John IMack and James McNiece. There is an excel-
lent school-house, built by the Church oi" England, and a school, taught
by William Hildyard ; a Wesleyan Methodist Church is building ;
regular service is held by that denomination, also by the New Con-
nexion Methodists. Regular sessions of the Division Court are held
here ; there is a new ])ublic house, the Strathroy Hotel, by John Frank.
The railroad from London to Port Sarnia is expected to ])ass through
this ])lace. Corner lots in the village sell for SI 00, front lots at $40.
A post otiice has recently been established ; Timothy Cook is the post-
master. Farming lanil in the vicinity is worth about SIO an acre.
Four miles from this place is the Katesville post office, where there is
(juite a flourishing settlement. I here noticed a very fine nursery of
young fruit trees, owned by William McClatchey ; among them some
very fine dwarf apple trees. As these trees are raised in this country,
a preference should be given them by those wishing to purchase."

James Keefer, born in Thorold in 1810, settled at Strathroy in
184(). At the time of his death. August 28, 1873, he was County
clerk, secretary of the West Middlesex Agricultural Society, a school
trustee, a justice of the jieace and collector of customs at Strathroy.
The old English church was built when he came ; but there was no
hotel. His residence occupied the spot where the Catholic parsonage
stood in 1873. In 1846 he and Timothy Cook purchased the Buchanan
grist and saw-mills. About 1854, on James Keefer's return from
Napier, he built a store-house, where now stands the Catholic Church,
and a steam saw mill at the head of Front street, and established the
first express office at Strathroy. He also built a store at Wanstead,
and carried on business there and at Arkoiui. It was he who pre-
sented the Wesleyans with the land on which their old church stood
on Front street.

From page one, of Hiram Dell's ledger of 185(5, the following
memorandum of account is made : —

1856.

JOSEPH BUTTERY.

£ s.
Nov. 8. — 21 yarJs print 2

Nov. 12.-

-6

L-loth
(Iciiiin . .
print
Coburgh
deuini .

1 1
1

2 1
2

'I'riniraings 4

Nov.
Nov.

7 yards linings

13 — 1 bottle sugar drops
14. — 1 paper pins

3 yards blind

i yard Orleans , . . . .

18.56.

.lOSBI'Il IllTTTERV.

DK.

d. £ 8. d.

10 Nov. 14. — 1 bunch flowers 2

" 1 pair side combs . . .. 10

Nov. 19. — 64 yards gimp 4 4

Dec 1.5.— To hides and skins... 12 1 2

Dee 19.— By cash 13

4 Dee. 22.— 1 IJ. cotton 1

2 " i yard muslin tj

8 Dec. 24.-3 lbs. rice 8

" 1 oz. cloves 6

10 " 1 oz. nutmegs 1

6 " Pair of mitts 3

The above, with other goods purchased up to April 30, 1857, and a

416

HJSTOKY OF THE

balance from an older book of £10 lis. 2(1., ainounteil to £43 2s. 5d.
At that time, wliisky sold for three York .shillings a galloti, or thirty-
eight cents ; tobacco, thirttien cents for two plugs ; ])ickles, three shil-
lings a bottle ; tea, six shillings a pound ; sugar, one shilling a pound ;
saleratus, six cents a pound ; soa]), eight cents a pound ; cheese Is. 4d.
a pound; snull, four cents an ounce; rubbers, eight shillings a pair,
and nails one .shilling a pound.

Among Hiram Dell's customers in 185(1 were : — Joseph Buttery,
Peter Kitchen, Elijah Eastman, Philij) H. Kead, Sarah Ileynolds, John
Keyes, John Frank, Adoram Frank, Mr. Manners, Mary (Iraham, Geo.
Brown, \Vm. Moore, Abel Wilco.x, Alvin T. Munn, James Parker,
F. Bullock, Alex. Donaldson, Daniel McKenzie, Mrs. Wallis, Henry
Knight, Case Hannah, John Harrington, Bernard McGuire, \Vm.
Smith, John Wells, James Zimmerman, Donald Eraser, Cornelius De
Graw, Wm. Phillips, Kobert Nunnemaker, Thomas Cummins, John
Lewis, Sam. Patterson, Solomon Dell, John ISarry, Wm. Painiel, John
Culley, James McL'awley, Kobert Murray, Horace Montague, John
Mclntyre, Wm. Clarke, Adam and liobert Dell, Basnett Dell, Ashall
Clark, Steve Fletcher, Geo. Gurd, James Beiry, Charles Boost, Col-
quahoon Campbell, John Scoone, Mrs Delacy, Geo. Lemraon, Geo.
Kichardson. Charles Still, Francis Frank, Owen Doyle, John Bolger,
George Geer, Barnabas Knight, Miss Catherine Doyle, Geo. Walsh,
Geo. Goodhand, John Manning, James McNiece, Johnston McNiece,
Henry Ellis, Edward .lohnston, Hiram Carroll, James Carroll, Sam.
SherniaTi, Wm. liandall Thomas Hugh Jay, Wm. Hildyard, John
Hodgson, John Dopp, Thomas and David Thomas, Wm. Smith, David
Hunter, Mrs. Flora McNeil, Thomas Conn '■, Nelson Gerome, Darius
Kitchen, Wash. Hull, John Keyser, Abram Samis, Samuel Dell, Geo.
Dawn, Andrew Clark, Mr. Danford, Wm. Wilson, Geo. Foster, Andrew
Chalmers, James Ihitton, Richard Shepherd, James Parker, John John-
ston, John KadcliH'e, and Miss Brown, " a colored lady."

Strathroy had a population of 400 in 1857. The merchants were :
W.'H. Armstrong, Hugh Eraser, Hiram Dell, J. Hickson, John Collins,
Wm. Jury, James Keefer, Edward McGarvey and E. Smith. The
hotel-keepers were : — Sol. Dell and P. Garliok. George Brown pub-
lished the Advocate ; W. Bettridge and Edmund Nug-.nt were phy-
sicians ; Rev. K. L. Tucker, of the Wesleyans ; John Black, David
and William Hull, carpenters ; Hiram Carroll, Donald Eraser, black-
smiths ; J. W. Montgomery, tinsmith ; James Haldane, J. D. Lauler,
John Manning, blacksmiths and wagonmakers ; Thomas Hand, Hugh
Jay and E. Matthews, shoemakers ; John Smith, cabinetmaker ; Adam
Van, carder, cloth-dresser and chairmaker ; Wm. Hazleton, chairmaker;
James Harvey, cooper; Orchard & Stover, harnessmakers ; Jas. Mure,
saloon-keeper ; J. W. Dean, livery ; Timothy Cook, grist and saw-
mill ; James Keefer, steam saw-mill ; Johnston & Winlow, agents for
Trust & Loan Company of Upper Canada, and Timothy Cook, post-
master.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX

417

Prior to I860 the business ])art of tlio town was in the neighbor-
hood where is now tlie woollen factory. In that year busin(>ss extended
westward, when Hayden's boot and shoe store was ejected near where
D. M. Cameron's boot and shoe store now stands. Kichard Duinbrill's
general stort; was soon established close by. On the ojjposittj side
Orchard built his drug store, and Hayden built a store just west of the
Medical Hall, in wliicli W. H. Murray now is, Napper A. Johnston,
the Mansion House (where the Queen's Hotel now is), operated by
Isaac Moore, and .). Lenfestey's general ore, where is now Grest's
hardware store. All these buildings from the corner of Frank and
Front streets on the south side, were destroyed in 1807. The fire
department saved that part of the town east of Orchard's Medical
Hall, while a pail brigade saved the town west of Frank strcset.

C. H. Mcintosh, of Ottawa, speaking of a visit to Strathroy in 18(12,
as reporter for the London Free Presn. says : — " At that time the
population must have been about 950, and the lumber business was
very active." Joseph Wilson was then {)ushing a large business for
Quebec firms, and the lloches, I'attons and others from Quebec were
prominent. Couse's Hotel, afterwards kept by Isaac Moore, stood
where the Queen's Hotel now is. Then there was old Donald Itobert-
son in the Commercial, and William Long in the Exchange shortly
after, and then came George Prangley with his fine building opposite
the market. Speaking of his settlement at Strathroy in April, 1865,
he says : — " Dr. McKcjllar, Alex. Kobbs, J. D. Dewan, llichard Pin-
combe, Johnston and Vansladden, Colin Scatcherd, Charles Chapman,
John Frank, D. liobertson, James English, the station-master. Colonel
English, Colonel Johnston and others, induced me to come to Strathroy
in April, 1865. I bought the old Home Guard, and changed the name-
to the Dispatch. Our office was in the top flat of a little frame build-
ing where Pearce & Policy's brick store was erected. At that time all
the stumps were not yet removed from Frank street, and in wet
weather mud was a foot thick. In 1862 the Blackburns, of the Free
Press, purchased a lot of land from Moodie, and I came out to see it.
I wrote several articles eulogistic of Strathroy, and in 1863 got a public
dinner, in 1865 a newspaper, and in 1868 a wife. The dinner and
the wife were all right ; but the newspaper kept me pretty busy until
1873, when I went to Chicago to study the protection question, and
became managing editor of the Journal of Commerce, but in Novem-
ber, 1873, returned to Canada."

During the year 1871 a sum of S120,000 was expended on build-
ings at Strathroy. George W. Eoss and Wm. Murdock erected two
brick stores (.f 5,000) on Front street, on the Hayden property, part of
which they purchased after the destruction of Cameron & Son's house
in February ; Alexander Johnston's three-story building on south side
of Front street, just west of Frank, costing $2,800, with T. Crispin's
store adjoining, which cost $2,500 ; James Parker's two story building,
opposite the Mansion House, cost $2,500 ; Hugh McColl had the Age

418

HISTOHV OK THE

office, on Front and Ciinidoc streets, erected iit a cost ofS2,()00;
Jacson & Vary, addition to foundry ; tlie Arcade l)locl< was completed
including the Ar;,'yle Hot'd, ojHMied in .Fuly by Culten, and five store
rooms ; IVarce & I'olley extended their store ; Cameron it Son (extend-
ed their shop ; Pran^'ley bnilt a large addition to his hotel ; Dr. Mc-
Lanai build a small store near the depot, and John Campbell a two-story
frame store and dwellinj^ chjse by ; .loseph Wilson bnilt an oflice on
Market and Frank streets for Wm. liapley's <,'rain business ; Wm.
Kapley'.s residence was completed at a cost of S5,()()0, and one by das.
Mason at the same cost ; Tooth's residence, an addition to Alex, Fraser's,
!S(piarc's and Trotman's hou.se.s, James Fullarton's brick cottaj,'e, Jamt!3
Thomjison's buildiiifi;, Ktlward Leake's and Hull's cottages, were built.
The residence.s of James 1). Dewun, SS.OOO ; W. H. Murray, S4,00l),
and Thomas Fawcett, S'4,000, were all comjileted.

The Arcade lilock was comjileted in A])ril, 1871. The building
■was projected by Dr. McKellar, who died in 1870, his intention being
to make the corner of Fraid\ and Wood streets a most imjwrtant busi-
ness point. The hotel jiart of this building was leased to Mr. Cutten,
In 1872 the Chalmers, Atwood and Stevenson brick block on Front
and Thomas streets was com])letcd, D. H. Cam])l)ell being contractor.
In 1871 the sevend brick manufacturers at Strathroy — Dr, .McTaggert,
A. F. Beattie, Thomas Hogue, H. G. Frank, and W. & J. rannell—
produced 4.000,0(10 brick.

Albert Hall, occupying the upper floor of W. T. Pearce's block on
Front and Caradoc streets, was opened in December, 1878, with
" Genevieve de Brabant," by the Holman Opera Troupe. The three
stores on the ground floor were occuy)ied by H. A. Ivor & Co,, gi'ocers;
G. A. IVIann, boots and shoes ; and J. C. Diggins, jeweler.

In October, 1878, the question of paving front street with cedar
blocks was ])ro]K)sed. The two large poplar trees, which stood on
Front street, opposite Johnstone's bank, were cut down Oct. 1878,
Asphalt sidewalks were first laid down in Strathroy in 1882. In 188'>
there were about 2,500 feet of the sidewalk ])laced, together with 1,145
feet of 15-in, tile drain, 400 feet of 12-in., and 310 feet of 8-in.

Among the leading old residents of Strathroy, who were residing
there in 1880, were : — Thomas H, Bateman and Jacob C. Beer, settlers
of this connty in 1832 ; Dr. Billington, 1841 ; James Campbell, 1837 ;
T. W. Crealy, 1842; Wm, Cooper, 1830; Chris. Corneil, 1828; S. A.
Eakins, 1847; John Frank, 184.1; Alex. Hilton, 1842; John Ivor,
1838 ; Charles Napper, 1833; Geo. W. Ross, 1841; R. C. Scatcherd,
and Richard Saul, in 1832 ; J. M. Thompson, 1842 ; William Rajjley,
John Seaton, 18;>7 ; and J. B. Winlow, 1836. Strathroy has long since
emerged from its village condition. Her wide business streets, well
built up by local enterprise and capital, shaded avenues, with numer-
ous fine dwellings and gardens ; commodious church and school build-
ings, a public and a few private libraries ; numerous large hotel
buildings, and round the town excellent farm homes and citizen

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

419

residences. The factory whistles eulliii}:! fairly {)aid hands to labor, and
again to rest ; church bells rinpiufj the thought of j)rayer ; school bells
reminding youth of study ; the locomotive whistle speaking of pro-
gi'ess, the telej)hone, the telegraph, all are here. This is civilization.
Withal, your old country friends may enjoy aonie advantages which
you do not. They may live in the midst of culture and region of un-
told wealth ; yet would you change places with them ? Who would go
back to a life so jMior in experience as theirs ? None. Then tany
here amid these scenes, so full of the romance of j)romise, where
opportunity — a goddess shy in the older communities, and coy and
hard to win — extends a friendly hand to all, and fairly leads to legiti-
mate success.

Tlie by-law, known as No, 6.'i, incorporating the Village of Strath-
roy, was passed .Fune 24, 1859, and signed by Benj. Cook, Warden,
and Wilson Mills, County Clerk. Hiram Dell was named as return-
ing olHcer ; the boundaries of the village were defined, and the town
hall named as the place for holding the first election,

The charter of the town of Strathroy, bearing date Oct. 8, 1870,
was issued by Lieutenant-Governor Howland, and signed by M. C.
Cameron, secretary. This charter was sought for under the Canadian
act, entitled " The Municipal Institutions of Upper Canada," at a
time when the village contained a population of over 3,000 inhabitants.
The charter described the boundaries of the town, and also of the three
wards into which it was divided.

The first officers of the village of Strathroy in 1800 were : — James
Keefer, reeve ; Kichard Saul, Francis Frank, William Moody and Wni.
Kapley, councillors ; J. B. Winlow, clerk ; W. H. Armstrong, treasurer ;
Abel Wilcox, collector; J. H. Blain and A. Hilton, assessors. In 1861
Wm. Rapley was reeve, holding the position until the close of 18()5.
The Council of 18()1 comprised Timothy Cooke, J. H. Blain, Richard
Saul and James Keefer, with Gecge Richardson, clerk ; W, H. Arm-
strong, treasurer ; Moses Street, collector, and A. Hilton, assessor. In
1862, Saul and Cooke were re-elected, with Hiram Carroll and John
l?lack. ,1. B. Winlow was then elected clerk, and served to the close
of Strathroy's village days ; so, also, with W. H. Armstrong, who held
the office of treasurer. Abel Wilcox was elected collector in 1862,
and served until 1805, when James Harvey was cho.sen. He filled the
office to the close of the village government, A. Goodwin was elected
as,sessor in 1862 In 1803, R. Dumbrill replaced Councillor Cooke,
who was chosen assessor. In 1864, Alex. Robb took Saul's place as
councillor, while A. Hilton was assessor.

In 1865, Wm. Smith, Hiram CarroU, Alex. Robbs and John Frank
were councillors, with Alex. Hilton, assessor. In 1800, Wm. Rapley,
John Frank, J. Lenfestey and R. Nicholson formed the Council, and
Mr. Hilton was re-elected. In this year Alex. Robbs was reeve. The
Council of 1867 comprised : — R. Nicholson, reeve ; J, D. Dewan, Alex.
Robbs, John Frank and John D. Lauler, councillors ; Richard Saul,

420

HISTORY OF THE

assessor. In 1868, J. D. Dewan was elected reeve. The Council
comprised : — Win. Eapley, J. Lenfestey, jr., Joseph Wilson and John
Frank, with assessor W. C. Smith. J. D. Dewan was re-elected in
1869, with John Frank, first deputy-reeve. In this year the council-
lors proper were : — E. Pincombe, A. llobbs and John D. Lauler ;
Alex. Hilton was chosen assessor. In 1870, J. D. Dewan was re-elected
reeve, with Joseph Wilson, deputy, with the .same council and officers
as in 186U. The election of 1871, being the last for village officers,
resulted in the choice of Joseph Wilson, reeve; C. G. Scott, deputy-
reeve; Thomas Fawcett, Thomas Rapley and R. Pincombe councillors;
with the same clerk, treasurer, collector and assessor as in 1870.

In 1872, J, D. Dewan was elected first mayor of Strathroy ; Alex.
Eobbs, reeve; C. G. Scott, deputy; 1?.. Pincombe, Thomas Fawcett, J.
W. Smith, Thomas Eapley, A. Meekison, James Noble, John Frank,
W. C. Moore and S. A. Eakins, councillors ; J. B. Winlow, clerk ; W.
H. Armstrong, treasurer ; J. D. Lauler, collector ; with A. F. Beattie
and A. Hilton, assessors ; T. L. Armstrong, wood inspector. In 187o
Charles Murray was mayor ; with Alex. Robbs, reeve, and Thomas
Fawcett, deputy reeve. At this time the following named councillors
were elected : — D. Vary, James Noble, A. Goodwin, Thomas Rapley,
J. W. Smith, C. H. Mackintosh, W. Hodgkinson, A. F. Beattie, and
Duncan De Cow. The Major in 1874 was R. ('. Scatcherd, who was
re-elected in 1875 and 1876. Charles Murray was reeve in 1874,
with Alex. Eobbs, deputy. The Coxmcil com])rised J. D. Dewan (re-
signed), James Noble, C. G. Scott, Duncan De Cow, John English, F.
J. Craig, Thomas Eapley, W. W. Hull, H. Nicholson, P. J. Allison,
and A. H. Kittredge (resigned) ; J. B. Winlow, Alex, Johnson and J.
D. Lauler, clerk, treasurer and collector respectively, elected in 1873,
were re-elected ; while A. Hilton was chosen assessor, when in 187.'>
himself and John Lenfestey filled that office.

In 1875, William Rapley was reeve, and was re-elected annually
down to 1878. C. G. Scott was deputy, with same clerk, treasurer,
collector and assessor, as in 1874 ; S. A. Eakins, Geo. Lamon, H.
Nicholson, Duncan De Cow (resigned). A, H. Kittredge, J. W. Smith,
James H. English, Edward Milner, James Noble and John English,
were councillors. The elections of 1 876 resulted in the re-election of
mayor and reeve. ^^''. B. Walker replaced Lauler as collector, while
Assessor Hilton was re-elected annually down to 1881; F. J. Craig
was deputy-reeve ; H. Nicholson, James Noble, A. H. Kittredge, John
English, J. H. English, S. A. Eakins, Thomas Richardson, Wm. Milner
and C. G. Scott, were elected councillors. In 1 877 Lawrence Clever-
don was chosen mayor ; Wm. Rapley, reeve ; D. M. Cameron, deputy ;
C. G. Scott, George Steer, D. W. Vary, H. Nicholson, Robt. McLarty,
R. Durabrill, A. H. Kittredge, John English and Hugh McColl, coun-
cillors. The mayor, reeves and officers of 1877 were re-elected for
1878; Messrs. Kittredge, J. H. English, Nicholson, Dumbrill and
Vary, of the council, were re-elected; while J. W. Smith, F. J. Craig,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

421

James Noblo, M. Springer and Dr. Lindsay (resigned), were the new
members.

In 187'.), William llapley was elected mayor ; F. J. Craig, reeve ;
D. M. Cameron, deputy ; Messrs. Noble, Smith, Uurabrill, Springer,
Kittridge and English, of 1878, were re-elected, with James Bang-
hart, A. Goodwin and 11. C. Scatcherd, now councillors. At this time
James Noble was commissioned first police magistrate. The mayor,
reeves and officers of I87'.l, were re-elected in 1880, with James
Bowley, William H. Saul, S. A. Eakins, J. B. Watson and William
Daniels, new members ; and Messrs. Smith, Springer, Goodwin and
English, old members of the council. The council of 1881 comprised
Alexander Johnson, mayor ; D. M. Cameron, reeve ; J. H. English,
deputy-reeve, and the same clerk, treasurer, collector, assessor and
police magistrate as in 1879. The councillors were, P. .1. Allison,
John Barnes, James Bowley, E. Dumbrill, A. Goodwin, H. E. Ketchum,
William H. Saul, C. G. Scott, and John B. Watson. In 1882, F. J.
Craig was elected mayor; 1). V. Cameron, reeve; J. H. English, first-
deputy ; William llapley, second deputy ; George Steer vice Saul,
resigned, R. P. Smith vice Scott, James Fullarton vice James Bowley,
new councillors ; Richard Dumbrill, James Wright, James Robinson,
John Barnes, H. E. Ketchum, and J. E. Lauler, councillors.

The list of town officers for 1882 is as follows : — J. B. Winlow,
clerk ; W. H, Armstrong, treasurer ; W. B. Walker, collector ; James
Noble, police magistrate ; John Cameron, town solicitor; Gregg Hen-
derson, physician ; Alex. Hilton, assessor ; J. H. Mcintosh and D. M.
Campbell, auditors ; John Mallon, engineer of fire department and
market clerk ; Robert Miller, chief of police ; and William Richardson,
assistant chief; Wm. Phillips, Wm. Wilkinson and Reuben Wilkinson,
fence viewers ; S. Humphries and Sam. Carson, pound keepers.

In 1888, R. Dumbrill, mayor ; D. M. Cameron, reeve ; James H.
English, deputy-reeve ; councillors, H. Nicholson, R. P. Smith and
George Steer ; II. E. Ketchum, A. H Kittridge and D. W. Vary ; W.
J. Dyas, John Barnes and James Wright.

In 1884, James H. English, Mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve;
D. W. Vary and R. P. Smith, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, J.
H. Ilanley and H. Nicholson ; F. L. Harrison, H. E. Ketchum and J.
Saulsbury ; R Dumbrill, L. U. Richardson and James Wright.

In 1885, R. P. Smith, Mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve; Wm.
Rapley and James Bowley, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, W.
H. Grant and J. H. Hanley ; T. L. Hamson, J. H. Lea and J. Sauls-
bury ; John l?erden, A. Carruthers and .fames Wright.

In 188(), R. P. Smith, mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve ; Wm.
Rapley and James Bowley, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, J. H.
Haidey and H. Urquhart ; Grant, Harrison and Nicholson ; John Ber-
den, A. Carruthers and James Wright.

In 1887, William Murdock, mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve;
deputies, same as in 1888 ; councillors, J. H. Hanley, James Healy

■i'l

lilm

11 ii

422

IIISTOUY OF THE

and R. P. Smith; (Jriuit, Macbeth and Paine; Cox, Carruthers and
Wright.

In 1888, WiUiam Murdock, mayor ; D. W.Vary, reeve; Hector
Urquhart and ¥. L. Harrison, deputies; councillors, Healy, Brown and
Hauley, Bany ; Bowley and Hill ; Carruthers, Cox and Wri<Tht; John
Hearo, collector; J. H. Mcintosh, assistant assessor; D. L. Leech and
John Leufestey, auditors ; George Wilson, chief of police. Other officers
as in 1882 still hold their positions,

The by-law of December 10, 18G0, provided for the appointment of
a fire warden and the regulation of dangerous establishments. By-law
No. 10, adopted March Ki, 1801, provided for the i)urchase of over
nine acres of land from W. H. Armstrong, for cemetery purposes.
This tract was part of lot 21, con. 5, south of Egremont Koad, in Ade-
laide Township, the purchase price being $225, the payment of which
was spread over five years at ten per cent. This by-law also provided
for the sale of burial lots. For a lot 8x12 feet, the rate was So ; for
sixteen feet square, $8, and in each case a fee of fifty cents. A
830,000 loan was approved July oO, 1872, to be applied in building a
Town Hall, gravelling Front, Albert, Frank and Caradoc streets, acquir-
ing a school site and building school house, and for creating a fire de-
partment. Prior to the passage of this by-law, the debt of the town
was only $5,100. The vote on the question was ordered to be taken
July 29.

By-law No. 64, providing for borrowing $4,500, to be applied on
the building of Caradoc street school, and other purposes, was approved
June 15, 1874. At this date the total debt was !?o3,000. On June
15, 1874, the Council of Strathroy ado])ted By-law No. 67, providing
that $2,000 of the $5,000 of the surplus appropriated by the Ontario
Parliament be expended on the construction and gravelling of the
Mt. Brydges road to Mt. Cannel, and of the sideroad direct to the
Longwood road in Caradoc. On September 7, 1874, By-law No. 70
was passed. This provided for the expenditure of $2,;i50 of tiie $5,000,
Ontario surplus, allotted to Strathroy from the ^lunicipal Loan Fund,
on the erection of a brick engine-house, firemen's hall, and council
chamber on the market square, now in course of construction. In
March, 1875, a further sum of $500 was authorized.

On Sept, 6, 1875, the issue of debentures for $10,000 was author-
ized by the Strathroy Council. This sum was a boiuis granted to the
Ancaster Knitting Company on condition that they would establish the
mauufiicture of woollen goods in the town. At this time the total
indebtedness of the town was $37,650. By-law No. 14, of Jan. 20,
187U, provided for a bonus of $10,000 to Richard Pincombe, to aid him
in moving his steam flouring mill from Alvinston, in Lambton County,
to Strathroy. On June 3. 187U, the Council of Strathroy authorized
the mayor to lease to the Dominion Government a portion of the town
lauds, on condition that the (Jiovernment would erect thereon a brick
armory for the use of the active militia, grounds and buildings to revert
to the town so soon as no longer required for militia purposes.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

423

In September, 1879, provision was made for paving Front street,
from Colborne to Thomas street, with cedar blocks ; one-half by general
tax and one-half by special assessment. The tree by-law of Ai)ril 2,
1883, provided that a premium of twenty-five cents be paid for each
good tree planted within the municipal boundaries of Strathroy. The
by-laws of June and July, 18S6, provided for $2,')(){) to enlarge Col-
borne Street School, and §2,r)(l0 toward the Collegiate Institute. The
debentures outstanding in 1888, amounted to S.">5,0()().

The expenditures of the town since 1876, are given as follows : —

1870 Slft,43fi 35

1877 2(5,812 67

1878 23,084 43

1879 24,693 96

1880 $29,003 88

1881 32,970 52

1882 29,663 02

1883 46,481 77

1884 $37,924 61

1885 49,817 12

1880 65,204 15

1887 48,685 83

Schools. — Strathroy Grammar School was opened in 1861, with J.
N. Sommerville presiding. On August 4, 1862, the school trustees
of Strathroy were authorized to borrow §1,500 to purchase a site and
erect a school-house. This was rescinded on August 11 ; but a similar
sum was authorized October ii for the use of the united board of
grammar and common school trustees, to ])urchase a site and erect a
school-house. In 1866, 86,000 were authorized to establish a market
and enlarge the school-house, -ind $3,000 to erect a brick school-house.
On November 2, 1880, the new high school building at Strathroy was
opened.

The records in possession of Mr. German, present secretary of the
Collegiate Institnte, date back to January, 1874. At that time, R. P.
Toothe, Dr. Edwards, D. M. Cameron, G. W. Vail, B. B. Rogers, H.
McColl, S. (j. Chamberlain, secretary, were trustees of the High School.
W. H. Armstrong was treasurer. D. A. McMichael was head master
at this time, with Mr. McKellar, assistant. The latter was burned to
death in the Grand Trunk affair of 1874, and in March D. A. Stewart
was appointed. In June, 1874, A. H, Kittridge became a member
of the Board. In July a lot was purchased on Caradoc street from
John Lenfestey for $6r)0, and a contract for a school building to be
erected thereon sold to James H. Mihall. Mrs. E. B. Springer was
teacher of drawing. In October, John Deamess became headmaster,
vice Stewart, retired. At this time Champion was appointed janitor of
the new buikiing at $50 per annum, and when, on Oct. 30, the build-
ing was accepted, Cliampion entered on the duties of his office.

In November, John Deamess was a])i)ointed Inspector of Public
Schools for West Middlesex, and Alex. McQueen took his place, Mr.
Michael being re-engaged as headma,ster at SI, 000 per aimum, and
David A. Maxwell as assistant at S600, vice McQueen. In 1875,
Henry Nicholson and liobert Nicholson were members of the Board.
The former was apj)ointed secretary and the latter resigned, when J.
S. Small took his place. In August, the Board accepted the olfer of
Ca])t. John Irwin to teach the pupils gyrana-stics and military drill free,
after school hours. In November the teachers were re-employed for

■ IRi

424

HISTORY OF THE

1870, Assistant Maxwell being granted S750 ])er annum ; Miss Barnes
and Mr. Galloway were employed as assistant teachers. In April,
1876, Mr, English took Mr. Small's place on tlie Board, and in Decem-
ber Hiram Dell was appointed janitor. In -lanuar}', 1(S77, Mr. Craw-
ford was hired as assistant teacher at d<2'25 ])ex half year. In August
]\Ir. Maxwell resigned to accept a position in tlie public schools, and
R. A. Kobinson, a B. A., of Cambridge Univ(>rsity, was a])pointed at a
salary equal to S>800 per annum. In 1877 tlie name of Dr. Stevenson
ajipears as trustee. In December, 1877, Mr. Robinson was dismissed
for two reasons, and Mr. Barnes a]i]iointed teacher.

In December, 1877, W. Graham resigned as teacher. In February,
1878, W. A. Duncan was employed as first assistant teacher. As the
result of J. S. Carson's search through Western Ontario for one, Mr.
Rowan resigned the position of second assistant. In June, 1878, Wm.
Tawcett's bid of §1,000 for building an addition to the school-house
was accepted. In October, D. A. Alc^Iicliael, W. A. Duncan and D.
L. Leitch were re-employed as teachers ; but, on Duncan's resignation,
H. D. Johnston, of I'arkhill, was appointed. In July, 1880, Messrs.
McCoU, English, Nicholson and Dr. Stevenson were appointed a build-
ing committee, in re the erection of an addition to the high school.
This addition was built ; but, owing to delay on the contractor's part,
the board took possession of the building and comjjleted it. In
January, 1881, Principal MclMichaol resigned, when L. E. Embree was
appointed. Later, other teacliers were employed. In February, 1881,
Messrs. Nicholson and Cameron, of tlie Board of Trustees, brought
forward a motion to convert the high school into a collegiate institute,
and Messrs. IVIcCoU and Cameron were ajipointed a committee to cany
out the resolution. This committee reported a memorial to the Lieut.-
Governor, praying that the higli school be erected into a collegiate
institute. In April, 1881, H. Nicholson resigned the office of secretary,
when G. G. German was appointed, the salary being a nominal one of
S.'30. Mr Nicholson also resigned his membership on the board. In
June, E. Rowland took his place, to retire in 1884. Tlie salaries of
teachers authorized in 1881 were : — L. E. Embree, 81,000 ; H. D.
Johnston, $800; D. L. Leitch, 8050, and W. H. Graham, SGOO. At
this time the collegiate institute committee was increased, with Dr.
Stevenson, Messrs. McColl, Rowland, P^mbree and Cameron, members.

In January, 1882, S. \W. Perry replaced Graham as third assistant.
R. V. Smith's name appears as trustee ; but, in Sejitember, his place
was taken by William Dewar. In November, 1882, Embiee's and
Johnston's salaries were increased SlOO each. The name of Mr.
Lamareaux and otliers appear on the teacher's list in 188o, vice >Mr.
Leitch. During the first quarter A. L. Langford and V. McLaughlin
were teachers with Mrs. Embree and Jolniston. In March, Embree
resigned, when T. O. Page was employed, and R. S. McGowan was
teacher of calisthenics about this time

In November, 1883, J. E. Wetherell was employed as head master.

roy, won
recipient
versity.
Fire
with TIk
first lieu
secretary
Frank, I
Wright,
Mallon,
Among

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

425

P. McLaughlin, G. F. Lawson, H. D. Johnston and Chas. H. Waldron,
assistant teachers.

In January, 1884, Thomas Gordon and Dr. Lindsay were appointed
trustees. In June, William H. Smith was appointed master of modern
languages. In December, G. \V. Van Slyke replaced Mr. McLaughlin
as teacher.

The order establishing the Strathroy Collegiate Institute is dated
December 18. 1884, the title to rank from January 1, 18S5. J. E.
Wetherell, H. D. Johnston, W. H. Smith, V. McLaughlin and George
H. Cowan were the teachers in order of rank, with R. S. McGowan
teacher of calisthenics. In February, Van Slyke resigned and P. Mc-
Laughlin was appointed teacher; J. E. Tom was appointed science
master. In June, M. S. (Jlark was engaged, vice W. M. Smith re-
signed, and Mr. Hogarth as fifth master.

In January, 1886, D. M. Cameron, M. P., represented the county,
and W. H. Murray, the town, as members of the Board. In February,
A. De Guerre was appointed, vice J. E. Tom, elected Inspector of
Huron. In June, 188(), the question of building an addition to the
High School was favorably received, and a requisition for .S2,50U made,
and in July a building contract was sold to Geo. McBeth, for .^2,335.
In August, Mr. Parkinson succeeded Hogarth, as fifth master. In
November, 188G, it was agreed to increase the salary of Principal
Wetherell to $1,500 for 1887, and F. H. Sykes was engaged as master
of modern languages, at S900 per annum, vice Clark. The number of
pupils attending in January, 1887, was 216, the same as in 1886,
against 183 in Jan., 1884. The fees collected for the year 1886 amount-
ed to Sl,204, against S549 in January, 1884. The trustees in Feb, 1887,
were : — D. M. Cameron, W. H. Murray, Wm. Dewar, A. H. Kittridge,
Thomas Gordon, and li. Dickinson. In April, 1887, a legislative grant
of $733.05, and a similar amount from county were received. In
August, the joint payment amounted to §1,547.10. In November,
Messrs. Wetherell, Johnston, De Guerre, Sykes, and I'arkinson, were
re-engaged as teachers. In April, 1888, Miss Susie Carson, of Strath-
roy, won the degree of Doctor of Medicine. She is th' *irst female
recipient of first-class honors in this department of the Iv, jnto Uni-
versity.

Fire Department. — Protection Fire Co, No. 1 was organized 1865,
with Thomas Eichardson, chief ; W. W. Hull, captain ; F. J. Craig,
first lieutenant; A. Waspe, second lieutenant; Samuel E. Lauler,
secretary; -lohn Lenfestey, assistant; Wm. Milner, treasurer ; F. W.
Frank, foreman of hose ; Edward Scott, assistant foreman ; E. J.
Wright, Isaac Carr, Sol. Frank and Wm. Piper, branchmen ; John

Mallon, engineer of the

hand engine ;

Wm. Findlay, first assistant.

Among the members were J. D. Dewan, now of London ; C. H. Mc-
intosh, who was member for Carleton in the Dominion House ; Wm.
Kichardson, C. T. Portwood, and Richard Bell. Mr. Lenfestey thinks
there wei'e over forty members in the company. The old hand engine,

426

HISTOUY OF THE

made by Marks, of Toronto, in 1865, was the first in use at Strathroy,
and is almost as good to-day as when first brought here.

In January, 1872, a steam fire engine was introduced to Strathroy,
and subsequently purchased by the Council. In February, a fire in
Johnston's bank was put out; but, later, the fire ol February 15
destroyed De Graw's saloon and the house of dentist H. McLaren,
entailing a loss of about $4,0()U. The Strathroy Hook and Ladder (Jom-
pany was organized September, 187^?, with Geo. M. Francis, captain ;
Stepler, lieutenant ; James Fullarton, second lieutenant ; H. IT rquhart,
secretary; P. Johnston, treasurer. In July, 1874, a certificate of
honorary membership was presented to Thomas Ilicharson by Protec-
tion Fire Co., No. 1, in acknowledgment of his services as captain and
member for over seven consecutive years. The document was signed
by W, W. Hull, chief; John Lenfestey, secretary ; William Milner,
treasurer ; R C. Scatcherd, Mayor, and J. B. Winlow, clerk.

The fire department of 1882 was made up as follows : — Chief, John
Lenfestey, ji'.; captain, H, E. Ketchmn ; lieutenant, Robert Argue ; 2iid
lieutenant. Arch. B. McLellan ; secretary and treasurer, William
Richardson; 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th branchmen, Timothy Galavan,
Henry Gooderam, James LaFlamme, Samuel Emmons ; chief
engineer, John Mallon ; 1st assistant, T. Le Gallee ; 2nd assistant,
Zachariah Frank ; foreman of hose, Stephen Waite ; members, Thomas
Hopwood, William Murdock, Jacob Cutter, Ezekiel Gooderam, Charles
Cooper, Samuel Plank, John Sells, D. C. McPhail, John Loynes,
Alexander McKeigan, Sylvester Bradt, George Gooderam, John
Campbell, C. Andrews, W. Bishop, P. J, Stratham, Thomas Nichol,
with F. W. Frank, ex-chief ; Thomas Richardson, ex-chief, honorary ;
Benjamin Burkholder and F. Cruickshank, buglers. The changes in
1888 show :— Captain, James Woods, vice Ketchum ; Albert Brady,
vice Argue ; Henry Gooderam, vice McClellan ; John Lenfestey, jr.,
secretary, vice Richardson ; Ezekiel Gooderam, William Bradt, William
Healy, Charles McGowan, branchmen ; William Murdock, 1st assis-
tant ; Samuel Plank, foreman of hose ; William Wilson, assistant.

Conflagrations. — The first fire at Strathroy was that of 1857,
when the log-house owned by Mrs. Perry was burned.

Haydeu's shoe store and Richard Dumbrill's general store were
destroyed in 1864, being the first fire subsequent to 1860.

The fire of March 20, 1868, originated in the old frame block on
Front street, which went up in flame, John A. Scoon and A. Meekinson,
with their wives, barely escaping. The losses were as follows : — Isaac
Moore, furniture insured for $600 in the Provincial ; no insurance on
barn. The hotel owned by McKellar & Strathy. covered by $1,400 in
the Home, of New Haven. Thomas Carre, insured in the Provincial
for $1,200 ; pa' ial loss. A. John.son & Co., stock insured in Commer-
cial Union for .it,i,000 ; Western, $500 and Home, $500 ; building in-
sured for $800 in Commercial Union. A. Meekinson, fruit store,
insured for $500 in Niagara Mutual. D. Dwyer, boot and shoe store,

COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX.

427

stock insured in JFAna, of Dublin, for S400, and in Niagara Mutual
for $400. F. Hilton, boots and shoes, stock insured in JFAua for £500.
P. O'Dwyfjr, groceries, stock insured in ^tna for S900, and S800 in
Niagara, Mutual. John A. Scoon, building insured in Home for $430 ;
nothing on furniture. A. Goodwin, groceries, stock i"sured in Com-
mercial Union for $1,00(1, and SHOO in Niagara Mutual. W. H.
Stewart, confectioner, no insurance ; Nap])er owned the building. G.
Orchard, S<)00 on stock and SHOO on building in Royal, and 8600 on
stock and $600 on building in Western. James Wright, boots and
shoes, stock insured in Provincial for $1,500 ; loss partial. The total
loss approximated, $28,000.

The fire of July l!.>, 1872, originated in rear of Mole's drug store,
in the Exchange Hotel Block, on Frank street ; spread to Kenney'.?
grocery store and Couse's hotel ; thence across Centre street to ^Irs.
Cowan's residence ; destroyed the Couse hotel stables, Doyle and
Quinn's saloons, Sadlier's harness shop, Murray & Barr's saloon, the
billiard room and Long's grocery, the Cutteu hotel stables. Dr. Mc-
Taggart's office, and John Black's building on Frank street. The losses
were estimated at $20,000. Other building.s, including the Methodist
Episcopal Church, were on fire, but owing to the exertions of the
brigade and people the buildings were saved.

The fire of March, 1873, destroyed Munroe's Western Hotel stables.
The fire of July 6 originated in Gunn & Telford's dry goods store.
From this point the blaze spread to German's boot and shoe store,
owned by Rev. J. Learoyd, which was destroyed ; C. G. Scott's dry
goods store narrowly escajied ; Pincombe's flour store was partially
destroyed ; Cameron's stock was damaged ; Ross & Murdock's Block
and the Oddfellows' Hall were destroyed. The total loss amounted to
$30,000, of which the insurance companies carried $10,000. During
the fire, Mallon, in charge of the steam engine, and the fire company
in charge of the hand engine, did excellent service. Within the suc-
ceeding two weeks the old verandas were taken down, by order of
the Council, and other safeguards against fire instituted.

In the fire of July 25, O'Connor's Hotel, corner of Frank and
Centre streets, was destroyed, entailing a loss of $4,000. The Town
Hall was also destroyed. In August the work of rebuilding the hotel
was commenced. Pincombe & Pool's tannery, east end of Front street,
was destroyed by fire also in July. The mills were saved by the fire-
men. Another fire on East Centre street destroyed $27,000 worth of
wool stored in Robbs' old frame building. The insurance carried by
the Woollen Manufacturing Company was $23,000. In November,
1874, cases growing out of the fire of July 1, 1873, were begun. It
was alleged that A. F. Beattie, a director of the Strathroy Woollen
Company, borrowed $4,000 from the St. Lawrence Bank on a ware-
house receipt, issued on a supposed purchase of 15,000 pounds of wool,
and insured the same, assigning the policy to the bank. He was
arrested, but escaped ; and, in November, Alex. Robbs was arrested,
but allowed out on $3,000 bail.

428

HISTORY OF THE

The fire of October 2, 187.'i, destroyed the row of old wooden build-
ings on Front and Caradoc streets, known as Smith's block. Mrs.
Smith's loss on buildings was ;?2,000 ; Coy's, S8()0 ; T. Irvine's
gi'oeery, where the fire originated, entailed a loss of $3,300 for stock ;
Worthington, the barber, and Woodward, the butcher, escaped with
little loss.

Fitzpatrick's hotel, one of the oldest buildings, was destroyed by
fire in January, 1874. The buildings were the property of John
Seaton. On March 7, 1873, the old school-house was burned. Eakins's
steam cabinet factory was destroyed by fire February 17, 1874. In
October a new building was completed and work resumed. Isaac
Aloore's hotel stables were burned in October, 1874.

The fire of March 14, 1876, destroyed a row of frame buildings on
Front eet. The fire was discovered in rear of E. T. Early's grocery
store by A. H. Kittredge and D. W. Vary. It spread to Mrs. Auld's
millinery on the west, and on its eastward course consumed Kandall's
furniture store, Parson's meat market, BaiTon's dwelling house, and
Dumas's house and shop. All the buildings in the block, except the
old one known as " The Bee-hive," were destroyed. Thompson's music
store on the west, and Crispen's tinshop and Johnston's bank build-
ings on the o])posite side, were damaged.

The fire of June 1, 187<3, entailed losses amounting to S34,000.
The fire originated in Craig's foundry, spread to Baughart's Hotel
stables, and also to the roof of the Catholic church, thence to the par-
ochial house, which were all destroyed. John Woodcock's dwelling,
south of the foundry, was also burned. The loss to the Catholic people
of Strathroy was S7,000 for church, and $500 for pastor's residence.
The priest's office was the oldest dwelling in Strathroy at that time.
It was built about 1837, by J. S. Buchanan, and there also James
Keefer resided after he and Cook purchased the Buchanan mills. In
June and July the work of rebuilding on the burned district was
begun. Baskerville's cabinet factory was destroyed by fire in Septem-
ber, also his furniture rooms and dwelling ; McMillan's grocery, and
Charles Grist's dwelling.

The fire of February 2, 1877, destroyed the grocery stores of J. W.
Lamon and Thomas Irvine, on Front street, corner of Caradoc. The
Bee-hive, which stood next to Watson & Co.'s hardware store, known
as Worthington's barber shop, was destroyed by fire in April. The
drill shed was burned in September, also Wm. Rapley's grain store.
Samuel Eakins's furniture factory, his barn and Mrs. Geddes's barn were
burned in November, 1877. In February, 1878, the old carriage
works of Craik & Woods, on Caradoc street, were destroyed, also Hal-
dane's cottage. In February, 1879, James Ferguson's blacksmith and
wagon shop was destroyed by fire. The building was owned by R.
Coy. On June 27, 1881, the Fitzpatrick livery stables and seven
horses, in rear of the Commercial Hotel, were destroyed by fire.

During the burning of Heal & Co.'s dry goods store, on March 6,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

429

1882, the roof and front walls fell into the street, killing Hamilton
Howe and injuring several others, anionf^ whom were Win. Murdock,
Thomas LeGallee, A. H. Kittredge, llichard Wallace, Dugald Graham,
A. Woodbury (of the Queen's Hotel), J. Spurr, Geo. McEwen, D. Gib-
son, Geo. Francis, and T. Nichol, citizens. John Lenfestey, jr, was
the last to be rescued. The fire of A])ril 27, resulted in the destruc-
tion of one of the warehouses of the Great Western Railroad Co. at
Strathroy, in which the Knitting Co. had about 812,000 worth of cot-
ton and raw material, and Hearvy & Co., of Hamilton, about $6,000
worth of wool. Mansfield & Co. had SI 2,000 worth of wheat, oats
and wool, in the .idjoining warehouse. Through the efforts of the fire
department, one building was saved. On Dec. 2.'!, 1883, Geo. A.
Mann's residence on south Caradoc was destroyed; loss, $1,400. Wm.
Fawcett's factory was burned Jan. 3, 1884. The department served
all day, their clothes being frozen.

On Ajnil 2, 1884, McGarvey's wagon shop was destroyed by fire.
On June 20, Charles Parker's grocery was partially burned. A. Car-
ruthers's dwelling house, owned by Cawthrop, on Metcalfe street, was
partially destroyed September 23. The roller skating rink was burned
December 29, 1885. The building was owned by Mr. Fawcgtt, who
valued it at $2,000. The fire of April 25, 1885, originated in a shed in
rear of Kobinson's confectionery, on Front street, resulting in- the de-
struction ot much valuable property. J. C. Robinson lost his stock
and building, over .$1,000 ; G. W. Adamson, his house and stable,
rented by J. McGarvey, $400 ; J. A. H. Kittredge, his livery, $400 ;
Mrs. Fletcher, her cottage, $400 ; R. Coughlin, a cottage, $400 ; Rap-
ley, lyiansou & Fawcett, stable, rented by Woodbury, $800 ; Ray's
photogi'aph gallery and stock, $2,000 ; R. Diprose, a storehouse, $500 ;
6. Andrews lost furniture valued at $100 ; J. Longhead's losses were
about $1,500.

On April 30, 1885, David Vrooman's dwelling was destroyed on
Colborne street. The fire of September 10, destroyed P. O'Dwyer's
building in rear of his store, entailing a loss of $2,500. Murray's
stock and Ivor's stock were damaged. George Dudley's dwelling was
destroyed October 4.

Ketchum's rake and cradle factory was burned F(>bruary 18, 1886,
entailing a loss of $lt,000. John C. Smith's blacksmith shop, on
Caradoc street, was destroyed Feb. 20 ; loss about $20(\ On July 18,
1880, an accident on the Grand Trunk Railway resulted in the jnirtial
destruction of an Armour Chicago train, but the fire was subdued by the
department. The fire of August .31, resulted in the destruction of
Smith's cooperage owned by Wm. McBride. On Dec. 23, Rooney's
dwelling house was partially burned. The fire of September 29, 1887,
destroyed the brick dwelling owned by the Mclntyre estate. On Jan.
13, 1888, the greenhouse of Wm. Trelfa was burned. On April 15
the barns and stables of Jacob Cutler, south English street, were
burned. On June 23, Elijah Thody's dwelling on Beach street was
destroyed.

430

HISTOItY OF THE

Fatal Acc'uhnts. — In April, 1S71, Henry I>ar\vin, an hotel-kooper
of Woodstock, was killed by an express train, at Pxjar Creek Bridge,
near Strathroy. In May, 1871, a child of William Milner, of Strathroy,
was scalded to death by a cup of tea. On April 7, 1874, PejTfTy Posoy
and an unknown man were killed near Strathroy, on the railroad. The
body of Donald Corkindale was found in the river near Strathroy,
April 12, 1874. He was missed on .Tainiary 27, the last seen of hira
being on entering an unfortunate hoiise at Strathroy, then known as
" The White House." Doctors Edwards and Lindsay discovered
woimds over the left orbit, which were sufficient to cause death.
Britain (.'liirke, .John Quinn and William Geary were arrested on sus-
picion, but were discharged in May for want of evidence.

Mrs. Charles Gooden, of Strathroy, was accidentally killed on Kettle
Creek Bridge, March 8, 1880, while? returning with her husband from
the funeral of her mother. In .laiiuary, 1883, a gang of burglars
visited Strathroy, and succeeded in bursting the large safe in 11.
Nicholson's office, one in Ketchum'.s, one in Charles Grist's, one in
Cain's and one in McGibbon's. Chief of Police? Miller, in company
with John Johnston, C. A. Andrews and W, Uniuhart, chased the
burglars to Demaray's school-house, Adelaide, and thence by Nairn
and Ailsa Craig to Stratford, where llobert iiaird, VVilliam Mantling
and John- Lowrie were aiTested. Albert Stacy was arrested later.

Ohurehes.—St. John's Church, English Church in Caiuxda, dates back
to 1842, when a house of worship was built on the site of the present
English ( 'hurch. When building the new house, this frame was moved
acro.ss the .street, where it is now u.sed as a dwelling house. In 1846.
John S. Buchanan deeded to the Bishop of Toronto lot 23, concession

4, Adelaide, south of the Egi'emont road, or about four acres. In 1841,
Rev. D. E. Blake held services in a house erected that year for school
and church purposes. In 1850, Mr. Ulake resigned, when Rev. A.
Mortimer took charge. He only remained a few years, when Rev. A.

5. Falls came. The marriage record kept by him dates back to 180.3.
During his time the mission of Strathroy was established and Mr.
Weld held the parish of Adelaide. Prior to leaving in 186;j, he built
the brick church iuFsad of the old frame of 1842, the same which now
forms the front of tK present building.

Strathroy, or St. John's, was deUxched from Adelaide in 1865, and,
with Katesville, formed a new parish. Rev. R. S. Patterson was
appointed rector. Among the contributors named, are : — W. H. Arm-
strong, F. Mackintosh, Smalls, Harveys, Youngs, W. F. Luxton, M. K.
Pegley, W. H. Ewer, Colonel Johnson, Dr. Mclniyre, J. Wilson, G.
W. Harris, J. English, P. Carroll, A. Policy, and others. To this, St.
Catharine's, of Katesville, was attached in 1866. In 1870, Rev. J. C.
Gibson took charge ; in 1873, Rev. J. W. P. Smith ; in 1876, Rev. J.
Smythe ; in 1879, Rev. A. C. Hill, who was pastor up to November,
1885, when Rev. L. Des Brisay succeeded. In the fall of 1887 the
peculiarities of the church building were abolished, the former addition
converted into a transept, and other improvements made.

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

431

The Church of England population of tho churches of Strathrny and
Katesville is about 600, and the conuminicuints about 100. The
English Church building, or addition to the old church, was com-
menced in August, 187n, by daTues Wilson, contractor. The corner-
stone was placed August IS, and the house completed November 28,
when it was dedicated by the Hisliop oi Huron

The wardens are Major John Iivine and Richard Dumbrill. The
finance committee comprises the wardens, with W. J. Dyas, W. Duer,
Charles (Jrist, James H. English, L. H. Dampier and Koger Williams.

The Methodist Church of Strathroy was detached from Adelaide
in 1851, when the Wesleyan ministers, James Armstrong and John
Shaw, were apjwinted. In 185'!. John K. Williston was appointed,
assisted by Thomas F. llowai-d in 1855. liichard L. Tucker served in
]85(!-7 ; Nelson Brown in 1858-9 ; Jnmes Ivison in ]86(»-l, with Geo.
Sexsmith in 1801 ; L. O. Rice in 18(i2-l>, Samuel Hume assisting the
fir.st and W. H. Winans the second year; Isaac Harber in 1804-5,
with Messrs. Wiiuvns and Holmes assistfints; John Learoyd in 1800-8,
with 11. Haskins assistant in 1807; George Goodson in lH0'.>-70;
Thonuis Cosford in 1871-.'i. The Methodist Church of Canada at
Strathroy succe(>ded the Wesleyan Society in 1874. Rev. -lames C.
Slater presided until 1877, when Alfred Andrew succeeded him. In
1880, William C. Henderson was appointed, and served in 1881-2,
with Williston, Ivison and Hardie superannuated ; in 188:i-4, G. U.
Sanderson and Eben Lancely were ministers here, and at this time the
Methodist EiMscopal Society became a part of the Church of Canada.

James Cooper, who died May 1883, settled here in 1835, and in
1840 aided in erecting the old log church near the present city, and
was leader of the first class for forty-tive years. Rev. Richard Saul,
who for forty years was a resident of Strathroy, and for five years
prior to coming here a resident at what is now Napier village, died
October 2, 1877. He was a minister of the Methodist Church; but
fifteen years before his death he joined the Swedenborgians. Among
the other early members were the Butterys, John Creely, John Dow-
ner, James Na])per, the Holdens, Curries, Parkers, Murdocks, Miners,
Eastmans, the Pannells, John A. Scooue (recording steward for numy
years), Mrs. John Carson, the Regleys, VV. Hildyai'd. The preachers
were: — Messrs. Marsden, David Hardie, W. Dignam, R. Corson, B.
Gundy (1840), Thomas Williams, Thomas Howard, Thomas Crews,
George Kennedy and John Webster (about 1848), Ruv. Ozier Barber,
John Hutchinson, Rev. James Armstrong (1852), J. K. Williston
(1853), R. L. Tucker (1856), Nelson Brown, during whose jtastorato
the Swedenborgian class was formed. Mrs. Armstrong, a daughter of
Mr. Saul, relates that services were held in the old fourth line school-
house (which stood on what is now MethodLst cemetery), until
1854, except for a few years when regUxu,.. services were held in a log
school- house at Napperton.

The first church at Strathroy was built about 1851-2, on Front

432

HISTOllY OF THE

stveot, about whore Getty's store now stands, Mrs. Arrastronj? thinks
this buiklin!» was sold to the Mtitliodist Jlpiscopal Sf)ciety, wlio tnoved
it to the site of their brick church, and solil it in IS74 t(j tlio bretlu-en,
to make way for the brick churcii. The tliird Wosleyan building was
erected on Maria and North strecits, and is now used as a tenement
house. In 1879 the ])resent church was begun and dedicated January
11, 1880, eighteen months and one day after the former building was
begun.

In the building of 1851 the New Connexion Methodists worship-
ped at times. The stewards in 1874 were : — George Jones, Jose])h
Buttery, Wm. Buttery, Thomas (.'rispin, J. W. Barber, James Macklin
and J. H. Hanley, vice Alexander Eol)bs, late steward. IJev. J. C.
Slater was pastor. The Quarterly Conference of August, 1874, com-
prised the above-named class-leaders and stewards, with A. H. Foe,
Andrew Carruthers, James Bond, .James T. Vokes, J. Robinson, G G.
German, Charles Napi)er and Moses Holden. Rev. J. K. Williston's
name apjiears as superannuate.

In IHyn, the stewards were re-elected. In February, 187*), G. G.
German was elected recorder, vice Jones, moved to Watford, who was
steward for the previous six years, and the name of \V. H. Armstrong
appears among the class leaders. In May, 1877, Rev. Alfred Andrews
was called as pastor. In May, 1878, Richard Dickenson was confirmed
local preacher, vice G. G. German. The stewards of 1878 were
re-elected in 1879. Among the new members of the quarterly meet-
ing were : — F. L. Hamson, H. Bailey, J. W. Baskerville, E. Parke,
H. Owens, and J. E. Lauler.

In May, 1880, Wm. Harnett was chosen local preacher. At this
time appointments were held at Moody's comers, and north of the toll-
gate. In August, Rev. J. A. Ivison's name appears with Rev. Mr.
Williston. The local preachers, Messrs. R. Dickenson, G. G. German,
W. Harnett, and C. W. Holden, were re-licensed in 1881. In 1883,
Dr. Sanderson w.as appointed pastor. In August, 1885, Mr. Holmes
was pastor, with J. K. Williston, L. ("leverdon, Hanley, Armstrong, J.
T. "Vokes, John Robinson, A. Robinson, A. Carruthers, Simpson, M.
Holden, E. Collins, W. T. Crispin, F. L. Harrison, J. B. Shotwell, and
G. G. German. In July, 1886, Rev. Wm. McDonagh was appointed
pastor. In May, 1888, Messrs. W. J. Roseborough, and C. E. German
were appointed local preachers, and W. H, Armstrong, re-appointed
treasurer.

In June, 1868, the Methodist Episcopal Society of Strathroy re-
solved to build a house of worship, and on September 13 this resolu-
tion was carried out, when Bishop Richardson, a British veteran of
1812, dedicated the building, Jan. 17, 1875. Rev. A. E. Griffith, the
pastor, also aided in the erection of two other church buildings in his
circuit that year. The new building at Strathroy was simply the en-
largement of their first house there. In 1884 this society merged into
the Methodist Church of Canada. The present membership of the
united churches is 291.

COUNTY (IF MIDUI.KSEX.

43S

St. Anne's Catliolic Clmrcli was orij^'inally ndtiiiiiisterod by the
priests of the old jiarish of Adelaide, to whom reference is made in the
history of that township. The church was presided over in 1871 by
Kev. P. O'Siiea and Itev. .lames Scanlon, who also attended the
missions of Warwick and Williams. In 1872, Father (Jahan was here,
his mission extendinj,' to Forest, and in 1874 had charj>e of the parish.
In 187(), Henry li. i,otz came; and, in 1S77, Kev. .1. Molphy, under
whose care the jjarisli made w<5Mderful jirfij^ress. The old church was
burned June 1, 1S7<>, and on June lli that year wo find Father
Molphy presiding over a i!ieetin<,' to consider the (juestion of nibuilding.
After the adojition of a resolution by Patrick Mee and James L).
Uewan, thanking the firemen for their ellorts to .save the church jm)-
perty, S2,()00 was subscribed towards rebuilding. The new church was
comjtleted and dedicated October li'.i, 187(i, by the IJishop of Hamilton,
assisted by Revs. Ihennan, of McGillivray, Lennon, O'Shea, Galian, and
Mol])hy. Father Aloliihy, who succeeded Father Lotz as ])astor,
thanked the people and authorities of Strathroy for courtesies extended
during the building of the new church, which, with the present
parochial house, were erected by contractor Wni. Fawcett.

In May, 187S, tiie new alt.'ir of All Saints' Church was blessed by
Bishop Walsh. Father Wattors, of Corunna, celebrated high ma.ss.
On the same afternoon the new Catholic cemetery was consecrated.
The church at Alvinston, erected in 1878, was dedicated by Bishop
Walsh, January 1 2, 187'.'. Father Molphy celebrated high mass. The
buildings co.st about StJ.dOO.

St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church may be said to have been estab-
lished in 1863, but for yctars before Presbyterian services were held here.
The ministers of the established Church of Scotland in th(! west in
183U were : — Alexander lioss, of Aldlwjrough ; Donald McKeiizie, of
Zorra ; and Wm. McKilligan, of St. Thomas. The first record of the
Presbyterian Church, of Strathroy, in the possession of Secretary Cor-
don, is dated May 22, 18(;.'i. The names given under that date are : —
Jessie Black, Mrs. Dr. McKellar, Andrew Lee, Mrs. Lee, Jas. Young
and wife, Mrs. Stephen,?, Robert Jack, Sarah McNeil; Mrs. Mc-
intosh, J. S. A. Giizean, Elder John Thompson and wife, and Ellen
Young. In 18G6 the names of Mrs. Hugh Rose, Mrs. Thomas Bailey,
Robert Thompson, of Caradoc, and wife, Wm. H. Murray and wife.
Elder Thomas Bailey and Mrs. Giizean. In 1867 the mission was
established as a station, with Rev. Wm. Lundy in charge. He died
here in May, 1872. In August, 1873, Rev. Scobie was called and
served the church until 1881. He succeeded Eev. J. Gouly, who was
here in 1872-3.

When Thomas Bailey came in 1861, the Brothersons, Robert
Thompson, of Adelaide, as well as the persons named above, were
members. Services were held at Adelaide and Strathroy, each Sabbath.
In June, 1877, the last services were held in the old building of St.
Andrew's church. The contract was sold to Robinson & Son, for

434

HISTOUY OF THE

$8,000. The basement was opened for service in Novembev that
year, and the building completed and dedicated July 14, 187H, at a
total cost of $12,41!). The building committee composed : — Rev. R.
Scobie, John Thompson, J. M. Thompson, Irving Poole, James Manson,
Hector Urquhart, D.Ferguson, George Thompson, James Campbell, R.
Sutherland, K. Davidson, Chas. Mansfield, A. H. Grant, D. M. Telford,
Eobert Dixrose, W. H. ^lurray, li. P. Smith, Dr. Thompson, and J.
J. A. Gilzean. Rev. Thomas Macadam succeeded Mr. Scobie, and
has served the Church earnestly down to the present time.

The officers of the Church in 1.S81 were: — \V. H. Murra.y, chair-
man ; H. Unjuhart, secretary ; John H. Mcintosh, treasurer ; with John
Reid, Dr. Thompson, J. Pool, li. Diprose, D. L. Leitch, and \V. Geddis,
managers. In 1882, the names of R. Wallace, T. Irvine, T. Gordon,
George W. Ross, T. Douglass and D. M. Cameroi' appear among the
names of managers, 'n January, 1883, R. Baker succeeded R. Tyke
as precentor. In 1884 the names of W". T. Smith, William Hoagg,
Wm. McBride and Wm. Ireland appeared as managers, and in 1886
that of G. Clarke ; in 1887. of J. D. Grant. In January, 18S8, Miss
Bella Cameron resigned her position as leader of th3 choir. In 18S8,
^Messrs. John Murdock, D. M. Brown, J. Cameron, sr., and James
Noble were elected members of the board of managers, which in 1886
comprised W. Geddes, James Cameron, Gilbert Clarke ; in 1887, Dr.
A. Thompson, J. D. Grant, D. M. Brown; and in 1888, H. Urquhart,
James Noble, John Murdock, with the newly-elected members. R.
Diprose jireceded Mr. Mcintosh as treasurer. The ("omraittee for the
Schemes of the ( 'hurch comjn'ises : — Hon. president, Rev, Thomas
Macadam; president, J. R. Geddes; secretary, Wm. Dawson; trea-
surer, Wm. Fergusfin ; Thomas Gordon, Thomas Douglas, William
Ireland, Wm. Blair, B. J. Donaldson, Dukes Dalton, Thomas Banks,
John Murdock, D. L. Leitch, Mrs. Bolton, Miss Geddes, j\Iiss Murray,
Miss Gordon, ]\Iiss Sickles, Miss Drynan ; and the Ladies' Aid
Society : — Hon. president, Mrs. Urquhart ; president, Mrs. Macadam ;
vice-president, ^Irs. Geddes ; secretary, Mrs. Springer ; treasurer, IVIrs.
W. H. Murray. The Sabbath School is presided over by D. L. Leitch,
with Thomas Gordon, assistant superintendent, and J. D. Grant, secre-
tary. The church membership is about 230,

The Baptist Church has been represented here from the earlier
years of the village ; but the church of Lobo is the parent of Baptist
churches in western Middlesex. Among the early ministers here may
be mentioned Rev. D. Baldwin, who was jjresiding in 1872, long years
after the men named in the general history passed away from this dis-
trict. The corner-stone of the new building, which marks the progress
o. the denomination, was placed Sept. 11, 1888. A jar containing
several copies of newsi)apers and an account of the present condition
of the church was placed in the stone by Mrs. John Zavitz, when ]\Irs.
Wm. Moody stepjied foi'ward, trowel in hand, and in true work-
woman style guided the cap-stone as it was lowered into place, cleared

COUNTV or MIDDLESKX.

4:>,5

the mortar from the edges, and declared the whole to be " well and
truly laid." Those two ladies have shown from the first a deep inter-
est in the work, and it is in a large degree owing to their liberality
that the church is being erected. The building is 72 x 48 feet, in the
serai-Gothic style, consisting of the auditorium and a basement. There
are five windows on each side, above and below, with six pilasters
between the windows projecting some four inches, and four windows
in front, above and below. The ceiling in the auditorium is square
corniced and nineteen feet six inches high, while the basement is nine
feet nine inches. Tiie pews are of wood, with iron ends and draw-
seats, furnishing a seating capacity for (iOO. Kev, Mr. Dayfoot, the
])astor, has been very earnest in urging on this religious enterprise,

The New Jerusalem Church may be said to date back to 1862,
when John H. Miller, a native of England, who moved to Ohio dviring
the U(',l)ellion of 1837-8, preached the Swedenborgian doctrine in the
City Hall and won numbers away, particidarly from the Methodist
churches of the town. In 1872, Rev. R. Saul, referred to in the his-
tory of the Methodist Church, presided over this society.

Cemetenes. — In January, 18:W, the first burial in the Methodist
Cemetery, on the Fourth Line, took place. Old Mrs. Charles Hilton
was the subject. In 18o2, Wm. Rapley's father was buried there
before the place was set oil' as a churchyard. In 184:>, Rosanna Mur-
dock was buried there, and the headstone which marks her grave is
the oldcist in the cemetery.

The first person buried in the city cemetery was a young son of
City Clerk Winlow, who was drowned in a cistern. In 1879, the
present St. Anne's cemetery was opened.

Secret and Benevolent Socidies. — Beaver Lodge, No. 8.S, A. F. &
A. M , was chartered July 30, 18;")7, on ])etilion of George Masson,
Thomas S. Russell, Richard Browne, Joseph H Blain, Samuel E.
Sherman, F. E. Bate, James IMiu'ray, Robert Cleland, Hugh Eraser, jr.,
Sannicl Dell and John Wiley. The other charter members were : —
Francis Bullock, John Manning, John Black, W. F. Thompson, Wm.
Rajiliiy, Timothy Cook, Robert Haldane, Dr. Wm. Bettridge, John
Frank, Abel Wilcox, H. H. Anson, and W. H. Armstrong. The
masters of this lodge are named as follows : — George Ma.sson, 1857 ;
Jnhn A. Scoone, 18r)8-!) ; .leseph H. Blain, 185'.)-60 ; John Manning,
!St;i ; Dr. Wm. Bettridge, 1S62; Thomas Richardson, 18(i;;-4; Wm.
Rapley, I8()r) ; Thomas Richardson, 1866; Richard Bell, 18(57; John
I-enfestey, jr., 18(;8: John A. Somerville, 18G'.( ; W. G. Vanstadden,
1870-1; J. C. Small. 1872-:'.; James McKav, 1874; William W.
Hoare, 1874; A. Jamieson, 1875-6; William Milner, 1877; William
Oldham, 1878; John Mallon, 1879; William H. Grant, 1880; Wm.
H. Arm,strong, 1881 ; James H. Robhs, 1882 ; A. A. Cockburn, 1883;
.lohn Black, 1884; William Grant, 1885; Archibald Ballantyne,
188(1; John Mallon, 1887, and Wm. Wilkinson, 1 888. The other
oftic(n's of the lodge are : — Thomas O. CiU'rie, S. W. ; James Ferguson,

436

HISTOKY OF THE

J. W. ; W. H. Armstrong, chaplain ; Charles Grist, treasurer ; A. A.
Cockburn. secretary ; Thomas Jackson, S. D. ; Thomas Veiinor, J. D. ;
James Bogue, 1). C. ; Henry Smith and Wra. Richardson, stewards ;
Alex. Reid, I. G., and Hiram Dell, tyler. There are now seventy-two
members.

Euclid Lodge, A. F. & A. M., was organized Nov. 13, 1877, and
chartered Sep. 12, 1878, with James Noble, W. M.; Robert A. Steven-
son, S. W., and William B. Lindsay, S. W., with W. W. Hoare, J. B.
Watson, T. H. Bateman, James FuUarton, William J. Johnston, Dr. E.
Nugent, M. Springer, .John English, George Mansfield, William Dewar,
W. .r. Dyas, D. M. Telford, Alexander Bradley, James M. Campbell,
John Irwin, William H. Armstrong, Iknjamin Paine, Charles Carroll,
William Rapley and James AI. Banghart. The masters have been : —
James Noble, R. A. Stevenson, John Paine, Cyrus Bi.xel, Benjamin
Paine, J. P. Whitehead and George Macbeth.

lieaver Chapter, No. 74, was chartered August 9, 1876. The
members were : — James Noble, J. W. Squire, G. L. Cutten, John
Irwin, E. Lounsburv, J. T. Craig, Samuel Lauler, George Orchard, W.
H. ArnLstrong, J. ]\J. Banghart, William Dewar, J. B. Watson and
Isaac Huber. The list of first-principals is as follows : — James Noble,
1870 ; James M. Banghart, 1878 ; J. H. Watson, 1879 ; James Noble,
1880 ; Benjamin Paine, 1881 ; W. H. Grant, 1882-3. For the last
five years this Chapter has been in a dormant state, but still retains its
charter.

Howard Lodge, No. 58, Independent Order of Oddfellows, was
chartered March, 17, 1870, with the following-named members: —
Henry Nicholson, Edward Kinder, George Wood, A. G. Mclnto.'^h,
Hugh McColl, John Gibbard. The past-grands elected semi-annually
since the date of the charter, arc : — Heiu'y Nicholson, Edward Kinder,
dead ; Hugh McColI, Wm. Chalmers, away ; V. L. Harrison, John R.
Clarke, J. C. Cooper, Manitoba ; Hector Urquhart, D. M. Ti;lford, Win-
nipeg; Jas. Fullerton, California; Chas. Greenaway, (Jeo. M. Francis,
Port Arthur ; J. AV. Baskerville, P. H. Johnson, W. II. Ewer, Mani-
toba; Wm. Fraser, Detroit; Jas. IJobbs, Califoiiiia; John Robson,
Chatham ; H. Uniuhart, John I.ynam, in United States ; Rich. Wal-
lace, in Sarnia; Jas. D. Bowley, G. NL, of Manitoba; Geo. Wilson,
Woodstock ; F. W. Meek, Dan. Jones, away ; Isaac Wilkinson, L
Corkindale, in Toronto ; P. H. Johnson, T. ]\I. Camj)b('ll, W. S. Mur-
dock, W B. Wilkinson, W. H. Moore, here ; .Jolin Miu'doch, here ;
Wm. T. Gunn, here ; W. H. Pike, here ; E. J. Moore, States ; Robt.
F. Richardson, here ; Richard J. Avery, here. Major John Irvine has
been jjcrmanent .secretary for thirteen years, while C. Greenaway has
served as recording secretary for over twelve years.

Fidelity Encampment is almo.st as old as the Lodge nS. The Chief
Patriarchs since 1872 are named as follows : — Wm. Chalmers, J. R.

Clarke, James FuUartfjn, H, Urquhart, I). M. Telford, Chamberlain,

J. C. Cooper, P. H. Johnson, R. Diprose, C. Greenaway, M. Springer,

give
ancc
six mo
paid to
fits, 85
1888,
W. Ba;
son, Di
E Mil
Court.
Str;

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

437

D. McVicar, .lames llobbs, John Lyman, George Wilson, W. Eraser J.

D. ]]o\vley, Y. W. Meek, G. U. Francis, J. H. Cook, W. F. Snell (2),
G. Greenaway, F. L. Harrison (2), J. Murdock, .1. Wilkinson (5), and
W. F. Snell. The charter members, Augnst 1, 1872, were : — Wm.
Chalmers, Jas. ('. Cooper, John R. Clarke, Jas. Fullarton, D.M.Tel-
ford, F. L. Harrison, P. H. Johnson, A. G. Mcintosh, James H. Cook
and I). M. Decow.

Albert Tent, No. 2!l, Knights of the Maccabees, was organized at
Strathroy, Dec. 10, 1878, with W. Milner, Ex. Sir K. (}. C, W. Grant,
Sir K. C, R. Sullivan, Sir K, L. C, Rev. S. Beswick, J. Lenfestey, S.
K. R. K., A. H. Grant, S. K. F. K., H. Urquhart, S. K. Sergeant, A.
McLaren, S. K. M. A., F. L. Harrison, T. Oldham and 13. Davis.

Felix Tent, Knights of the Maccabees, was instituted in Sept., 1879,
by W. D. McGloghlon, of London, the founder of the order. Ex. Sir
Knight Commander W. G. Vanstaddoii, of Hammer Tent, the old Tent
of Strathroy, assisted. The first officers were James H. Lee, Joseph
Bishop, Jos. Alexander, E. W. Brewster, A. G. McVenn, J. C. Diggins,
John G. Craig, John Black, D. Gibson, A. "W. Dawson, R. A. Burton
and James (Jox.

The Foresters' organization is represented by Court Sydenham,
named after that branch of Bear (,'reek which runs through the town.
The aims and objects of the Order are to provide life insurance, .sick
benefits (in case of illness), and in case of a member becoming perma-
nently disabled, one-half of the amount of his insurance ; and this they
give to each member at about one-half the cost of ordinary life insur-
ance in stock comi)anies. From report of the local court here for the
six months ending June 30th, 1888, it is learned that $1,08(J.40 were
paid to the members, as follows : — Endowment, §1,000 ; funeral bene-
fits, $50 ; and six benefits, S36.40. The officers installed in August,
1888, for the ensuing year, are named as follows : — Wm. Hardy, J.
W. Baskerville, J. H. Ferguson, John Heard, Alex. Reed, F. L. Ham-
son, 1 )r. W. ^V. Hoai'e, Jas. Galloway, Charles Parker, Thomas Wiles,

E. Milner, W. E. Todd, the latter being representative to the High
Court.

Strathroy Temple, No. 34, Independent Order of Good Templars,
was organized in ISO'.*, and in June the following- named officers were
installed by Temple Deputy Bogue : — Bro. ( '. T. ( 'amj)bell. Sister H.
P. Verrall, Bro. R. W. Young, Sister (". Hibton, Bro. James Harvey,
Bro. R. B. Barber, Bro. G. W. Lammond, Sister C. Montague, Bro. G.
Richardson, Sister E. White, Bro. D. Watt, Bro. A. G. Street, Sister
Matilda Dell.

Victoria Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organ-
ized April 28, 1873, with Rev. D. Baldwin, S. J. Yokes, Geo. Gordon,

James i>arne,s, T. A. Lenfestey, Geo. Wheatley, 1 ). Hawkins, Lewis,

James Thompson. D. (Junn, and H. ]\IcColl, officers.

Royal Valley Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, was
organized in March, 1874, being the second lodge of the order here.

'■' M i

438

IIISTOUY OF XHE

The officers in order of rank then elected, were : — J. W. Ijaskerville,
W. B. Colter, Gideon Adams, T. A. Lenfestey, M. C. Lyndo, Ohas.
Colter, Jas. Lamont, Geo. Tanton, T. G. LeGallee, E. Wright, David
Zavitz, A. C. Brown, L, Corkindale, and J. W. Baskerville, temple
deputy.

The Men's Red Ribbon Club was organized August 7, 1877, with
the following officers : — President, P. Morrison ; 1st vice-president,
Geo. Steer; 2nd vice-jiresident, Wm. Geary, 3rd vice-president, John
Ellis ; secretary, G. H. Urquhart ; treasurer, Wm. Rowles ; financial
secretary, John Jay ; steward, D. Roblin ; marshals, W. R. Jury, and
H. W. Healey ; sergeant-at-arms, Jas. Parks ; executive committee, R.
McGowan, John Keys, C. Colter, L. Corkiudale, A. E. Hare, John
Mitchell, and Zachariah Frank.

The Women's Red Ribbon Club was organized at the same time,
with the following officers : — President, Sister Man tiers ; secretary,
Sister Parsons; treasurer, Sister Steer; financial secretary, Sister
Lenfestey.

The Mechanics' Institute was organized in November, 1872, with
George W. Ross, president ; Dr. E. G. Edwards, vice-president ; D. M.
Cameron, secretary and treasurer ; B. O'Byrne, C. G. Scott, F. J. Craig,
H. McColl, B. H. Rothwell, J. Rutherford, Dr. Thomson, M. Smitii
and T. H. Bateman, directors. The institute was opened January 17,
1873. The following is the list of the presidents of the Institute from
the date of the opening in 1872 : — J. S. Small, Dr. Edwards, G. W.
Ross, John English, D. M. Cameron, each serving one year ; R.
Dickenson, from 1877 to 1881; D. W, Vary, R. Nicholson, John
Heard, Benjamin Paine, H. D. Johnson, David Evans, each one year,
and J. E. Wetherell, in 1887 and 1888. Hiram Dell was first
librarian, succeeded by Mr. Drew. In 1S79, C. Greenaway was elected
secretary, and succeeded Mr. Drew as librarian. The total number of
volumes in library for years 1881 to 1887 inclusive, is given as
follows :— 1698, 179(j, 1944, 203.^, 2392, 2r.24, 2G67.

The Board of Trade was organized in June, 1874, with Alexander
Johnston, president ; J. B. Cummins, vice-ju'esident ; S. G. Chamber-
lain, secretary; J. S. Small, J. D. Dewan, C. Grist, I). M. Telford, W.
T. Pcarce, John English, H. Scull, D. M. Cameron, F. J. (Jraig, W. J.
Dyas, H. ]\IcColl, D. M. Decow, D. W. Vary, M. Springer' and R.
Pincombe, directors ; John English, J. B. Cummins, Irving Pool and
W. H. Murray, delegates to the Dominion Board of Trade meeting at
St. Johns, N. B.

The (jatholic Mutual Benefit AssociatioTi was organized January
24, 1880, by Deputy Director Samu';l R. Brown. The first ofticers
were : — Rev. J. P. Molphy, chaplain , J. 1). Dewan, president ; James
Healy and H. Koppleberger, vice-prc'sidents ; Patrick O'Keefe, treasur-
er ; Patrick O'Dwyer, recorder ; Caraello Turpain, financial secretary ;
John Hart, marshal ; Thomas Gray, guard ; Messrs. Mallow, O'Dwyer,
Brady, Henderson and Healy, trustees.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

439

St. George's Society may be said to have been organized December
6, 18()9, when a preliminary meeting to form a society in Strathroy
was held at Prangley's Hotel. The following enrolled their names: —
Messrs. W. llapley, R. ('. Manners, John A. Scoone, Wm. Crone, R.
Baker, T. Richardson, W. H. Ewer, James Wright, Joseph Lucking,
C. T. Portwood, G. Hilton, Robert Richardson, W. B. Walker, Wra.
Long, James Cox, T. Manbey, G. Richardson, John J. Hlwer, G. A.
Wood, C. Greenaway, G. Prangley, G. Orchard and S. Wilkins.

Musical societies under one name or another have always existed
here. The j)hilharmotiic in later years has held its organization well
together, and in October, 188S, reorganized with the following named
otiicers : — President, W. Dewar; vice-president, L. H. Dampier; secre-
tary-treasurer, .1. Pool ; connuittee, Sykes, Matthew.s, Snell and Mait-
land ; director, H. E. Maitland.

The Horticultural Society, presided over in 1878-9 by John B.
Watson, with H. McColl, secretary, presented the second annual report
that year. There were 108 members. In that year also the West
Middlesex Agricvdtural Society erected a new hall, 70 x 30 feet. The
directors elected were : — James Macklin, Wm. Gott, John Ogden, T.
S. Challoner, Wm. J. Gibson, D, W. Vary, Rev. R. Scobie, Dr. W.
Bettridge, and David Waite. The society was organized July 25,
1877, when the following-named otiicers were chosen : — President, E.
L. Cutten ; vice-president, .1 . H. Watson ; secretary and treasurer, H.
McColl ; directors, J. S. Macrault, William Gott, J. H. Cook, John
Ogden, James Macklin, A. Stewart, Wm. J. (iibson, H. E. Ketchum,
W. H. Armstrong ; auditors, W. E. LaChance, and R. Dumbrill.

The West Middlesex Agricultural Society dates its active existence
to the year 18()1, wlien ten acres, a half mile south-west from the cen-
tre of Strathroy, were purchased from the Trust and Loan Co., at .S25
per acre. In 186") a neat building was erected on the grounds, and
that year the fall fair claimed success.

Derry Lodge, O. Y. B., was organized December l.S, 1876, with
Wm. Colter, W. M. ; E. Dickens, D. M. ; C. A. Rothwell, secretary ;

F. Evans, treasiu'er; Stansfield, chaplain ; John Lenfestey, Wm.

Pike, R. McGowan and E. Filraore, first, second and third committee-
men and inner tyler.

The Excelsior Base Ball Club was in existence in 1870-1, with M.
B. Saxton, president ; Isaac Moore, vice-president ; John H. Mcintosh,
secretary ; John Irwin, treasurer ; J. Rapley, \V. H. Kalus and 6.
Richardson, jr., directors.

The Strathroy Rifle Association was organized in November, 1870,
with Lieut.-Colonel Atwood, president ; Cameron, secretary.

The Strathroy Debating and Literary Society was organized in
February, 1874.

The Strathroy Teachers' Association was organized in 1802, and
the 17th animal meeting was held February 20, 1879. This is one of
the oldest associations of teachers in Western Ontario.

440

HISTORY OF THE

Banlcs. — The Canadian Bank of t'ommevce was oponed in A])ril,
1868, with J. S. Small, manager. He continued as sucli until 1876,
when he was succeeded by A. H. Ireland, who acted only a short time,
and then Jeflery Hale was manager until 1878, when J. S. Small
again became manager and continued until 1887, since which time L.
H. Dumpier has acted in that capacity. The present accountant is
Frederick Lawson.

James Manson, a native of Scotland, came to Strathroy in 1856,
and began business with Wm. Kapley. In 1867 he opened his bank,
and in 1871 built his residence there.

Alex. Johnston, born in Adelaide, in 1842, opened a store at
Strathroy in 1860. Eight years later he established a bank there.

A branch of the St. Lawrence Bank was ojiened at Strathroy,
March 11, 187."), with J. C. P. Phillips manager, being the first branch
in this county. This house continued business here until the fall of
1875.

In January, 1876, a branch of the Federal Bank of Canada was
opened, with (Jharlos Murray of the London oflice in temporary charge.
The oHice of the old St. Lawrence Bank was used as the ofhce until
new buildings were erected in 1877 at the corner of Front and Frank
streets, opposite the Cutten House, and in front of the residence of
John Frank. W. T, Smith was manager until January, 1888, when
business ceased.

The bank of E. Rowland & Co. was established in Strathroy, Jan.
1, 1876. James Healyand John Shields constitute the company. Tiie
bank has a net surplus of $70,000. Frederick Hughes is the ac-
countant.

The Traders' Bank of Canada was located at Strathroy, antl began
business in April, 1888, with W. Thomson Smith as manager, and
John Pool, accountant ; being the second branch of the bank in Alid-
dle.sex.

Railroad Projects. — Two years after the first settlement of Ade-
laide, and about the time the Buchanan mill was erec;ted at Stnithrov.
a propo.sition to build a road from Hamilton to I^ake Huron was mad ;
but the matter was found impracticable. In 1857, a project to build a
railroad from Strathroy to Lake Huron, was set on foot by R. C. Man-
ners and Timothy Cook; but the scheme was abandoned, and London
reaped the benefit of the revival at that point. The "Western is now the
property of the Grand Trunk Railroad Company, and is used as the
direct line between Ciiicago and New York. Later, the Sarnia branch
of the Great Western Railroad was completed. In August, 1870, the
first telegraph office, other than the railroad office, was opened for the
Montreal Company in T. J. Geary's drug store. A year later the
Dominion Company opened an office here, with John Lenfestey in
charge.

The Port Franks, Strathroy and Port Stanley Railroad ('ompany
was formed in November, 1874. A number of citizens of Stratliroy,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

441

Caradoc, Ekfrid, Adelaide and Metcalfe, with residents of Larabton and
Elgin counties, formed the board of provisional directors, John B.
( hunrains being ])resident, and S. G. Chamberlain, secretary. A line
was surveyed to Port Franks in l-Sny,- of which Engineer Jas. Keating
had the survey maiJS in 187").

Manufacturing ludustries. — A reference to the list of fires which
have swej)! over the town will ])oint out a number of old industrial
buildings which have disappeared.

The Strathroy Labor-saving Soap Works were completed by E.
Tomlinson in May, 1871. The September fire destroyed the works.

In August, 1871, D. M. Lamb, of Strathroy, projected his anti-
friction wheel for ploughs, and in the trial on the Kittredge farm
showed a difference of 175 pounds in draught when the wheel was
attached.

The patent sandstone, patented in 1872 by Milner & Campbell, and
manufactured at their stove works on Caradoc street, was used for
facings in the .store buildings erected in 1873 for W. H. Murray, G.
W. Koss, Gunn & Telford, James O'Connor's American Hotel, James
English's, Dr. Thompson's, James Manson's, and Mr. Stepler's resi-
dences, Beattie's malting house, and the block erected on Frank street
for J. S. Loughead, G. A. Mann, David Ross and D. 15. (Jarapbell.

The steam brick-works, originally established by Dr. McKellar, were
operated by Messrs. McTaggart, D. B. Campbell and D. A. Campbell
in May, 1872.

Strathroy Knitting (."o. began business here in 1875, ten years after
its establishment at Ancaster. The president of the compatiy is .Tarae.s
Watson, wlio now resides at Hamilton, and the manager is William
DeMar. Prior to 1875 they were engaged in the manufacture of
woollens at Ancaster, and the mill there was the pioneer knitting mill
of Canada, but burned in 1875. The factory employs l.SO people, and
pays out ill wages S'"),00() per month. The manufactures here are
ladies', ginitlemen's and children's underwear. The mill has a capacity
of :i5,()00 to 40,000 dozen per annum, and valued at $75,000 to .^200,-
000,

In October, 187'), a meeting of the stockholders in the Strathroy
Woollen Manufiicturiiig Co. was held to consider moans for adjusting
the liabilities of the company. President J. D. Dewan stated that the
liabilities were .^110,000.

The Strathroy Manufacairing Cc. was incorporated in 188tj, with
Charles Grist, president; W. J, Dyas, vice-president; James H.
English, manager, and A. A. Cockburn, secretary. The buildings were
erected by F. J. Craig, in 1870, immediately after the fire which
destroyed his old foundry. He carried on the manufacture of agricul-
tural implements up to 1884-5, when Mr. Craig moved to Sarnia to
establish his business there. Thj building reraanied unused until
occupied by the present company in 1886. This company now own
the buildings. The value of annual product ranges from $25,000 to

442

HISTORY OF THE

$30,000. The factory employs from 15 to 20 men, and finds a market
for their rakes, snaths, cradles, handles, horse pokes and turned woods,
througliout the Dominion.

The Pincombe Flourin,!:,' Mill, of Strathroy, was erected in 1872, by
Richard Pincombe, at a cost of S18,0()(), and in ISSli, the stone mill
was replaced by the "Holler Process," at a cost of S12,0(iO, and now
lias a capacity of one hundred and seventy-five barrels ])er day. Air.
Pincombe o])erates a stave and lieading factory and coojjcr shop, thus
making his own flour ban-els. The annual product of the mill is very
large, and finds extensive sale in many ])ortions of the Lower Provinces.
Mr. Pincombe ]>ays out in wages from $12.") to S175 per week.

K. Nicholson's planing-mill, located on ( 'aradoc street, was built
about 187;>, and in 1878 the present brick building was erected.

M. Bixel & Son's lager beer brewery was established in 1^72 by
Henry Large, who was succeeded by Mr. Beatty. Tn 187;") the
brewery became the propenly of M. Bixel, who was the first to manu-
facture lager beer in Western Ontario.

There are other industries here, not of a manufacturing character,
which should claim some attention. In November, 1887, a special
train of twenty-four cars left Strathroy, each car carrying 10,500
dozens of egg.s, making a total of 2")2,000 dozens, or 3,024,000 eggs.
During the season one dealer purchased 800,000 dozens, or 9,600,000
eggs, in that neighborhood. The operator of this extensive egg-ship-
ping house died in October, 1888.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 443

CHAPTER XV.

ADKLAIDK TOWNSHIP.

Adelaide Township is bounded on the west by Lambton County,
south by Metcalfe, south-east and east by Caradoc and Lobo, and north
by West and East Williams. The streams of the township are small
feeders of Bear Creek running south-ea.st and of the Aux Saubles flow-
ing north-west. The population of Adelaide in May, 1888, was placed
by the assessor at 2,613 ; but the actual count of all persons then in
the township may be j^laced at 2,9()3. The latter figure covers the
additions made by the township clerk in his revision, such as era])loye3
in brickyards and cheese-factories, as well as the inmates of tl\e House
of Keftige.

Adelaide was settled in 18.">2 by the Blakes, Mahons, and other
Irishmen, who made their central village at the Town of Adelaide, and
in the Katesville neighborhood. In the sketch of Wm. H. Blake, who
shortly after moved from his farm to study law, and became the first
chancellor of Ui)per Canada ; references are made to this peculiar colony.
Among the members who remained, were : — Col. Radcliffe, Major Mc-
Kenzie, and Adjutant Thompson, all good subjects of his majesty ; but
the actual workers were : — John Stuiirt iiuchanan, Hiram Dell, a num-
ber of Irish peasants, and a few members of the middle class, who were
forced to surrender their homes to the greed of Lord Mt, P^dgecombe.
Among the pioneers of Adelaide, whose names appear in the list of the
leading residents of 1838, are : — Thomas Evoy, a native of the county
in 1826 ; the Morgan family ; George Buttery, Wm. Brown, Jolni S.
Hoare, Dugan Woods, the Dugans, George B. Ivor, Robert Miller,
Hiram Dell, John Gallaher, Patrick Mee, William Miller, David Rap-
ley, D. M. Thompson and his sons, Wm. Treele, the RadclilTes, all set-
tlers of 1832 ; Robert Thompson, and John Mineely, 1833 ; John
Wiley, jr., 1835 ; John McPherson, 1834; Edward Upton, 1836 ; John
Morgan, and the Eastmans, 1837 ; Patrick Walsh, 1838 ; Wm. Dowd-
ing, 1839 ; A. Preston, and Wm. Murdock, 1842 ; Wm. Chapman,
Wm. Ireland, and James Thompson, 1843; Joseph Keyser, 1844;
Jonas Jury, 1845 ; Joseph Galbraith, 1847 ; and Charles Donn, 1849.
Geo. B. Ivor and James Cuddy were the first settlers in 1832. Where
Rev. Dominick E. Blake's house stood is now a rubbish heap.

In 1832, when Hiram Dell settled in Adelaide Township, there
were only five families in the township. John Keays, wife, one
daughter and three sons (Keays was an Irishman and a pensioner) ;
John Buttery, wife and five children, resided on the second line,
second concession, near J. S. Buchanan, who resided on the third con-
cession. Avery, his wife and child, lived at Buchanan's house; and a
squatter, his wife and one or two children, resided near by.

444

HI3T0UY OK THE

Hiram Dell, the pioneer tnerchant of Strathroy, writinj^ under date
Juno 15, 1872, says : — '' It is just forty years a<^o to-day since I first
set my foot in the Township of Adelaide. ♦ * * We had nothin<^
but a blazed line, where the surveyors had gone throu<,'h, and had to
choose otjr lots by the numbers that were cut on the stakes. There
were four of us : I was just turned twenty-one years, and the oldest.
I hadnothinf]; but an axe, S."), some clothes and bedding. The first thing
to be done was to build us a house. We madi; it twenty feet long by
twelve feet wide ; split out basswood boards for a floor, — they were about
four inches thick. We put the round sides down, and straightened the
edges with our axe. If we got them close enough together so that wo
could not get our foot through, it would do. The next thing was to
roof our house. The bark of a large basswood sui)plied the material.
To build the chimney and fire-i)lace, we procured two crooked sticks
about six feet long each, which we flattened. One end we placed in
a crevice in the log wall about two feet from the ground ; the other
rested on a beam across the house. Flat sticks and mud formed the
building material for the chimney, while the floor was built far out
from the fire-])lace. To make seats, a small basswood tree was cut
down, cut in two feet lengths, each length split in the centre, and two
holes bored at each end on the rough side, and then we drove round
sticks for legs ; tliese legs were then cut in equal lengths, so that when
we stood them up they looked for all the world like a frozen hog stood
on all fours." In this house the four foresters cooked alternately.
Hiram ])resented the brothers one day with a fat doe, the meat of
which was u,sed at the four meals. At that time Woodhull's mills,
fourteen miles distant, supplied flour at the rate of one dollar for forty
jjounds. On one occasion he met there a ])ioneer neighbor, his son,
fifteen years, and daughter, sixteen years. They had purchased one
hundred pounds of flour, of which the father was to carry fifty a
dreary journey of sixteen miles, and each of the children twenty- five
pounds. Mr. Dell sympathized with the girl, and taking her share of
the flour carried it fourteen miles for her. Sometime later a ])oor
woman and her son came to the Dell cabin at night. They had been
to the mill and carried with them fifty pounds of corn meal. The
snow was two feet deej), so that the woman had to break the road for
five of the fourteen miles. Of cour.se, the Dells provided them with
deer skins and gave them a place near the fire. Next morning she
started for her home, .seven miles away; but one and one-half miles
from Dell's cabin she slipped off a log into the stream, and her cries
attracted a pioneer who lived close by. He took her to his cabin and
loaned her a paii" of pantaloons to push homewards.

Previous to 1832 the site of Strathroy was a pine forest. A tract of
181 acres was granted by the CIrown to James Buchanan, the British
Consul at New York, who, in that year, conveyed his grant to John
Stewart Buchanan. The same year Adelaide Township was taken up
by a commissary, who arrived at Katesville, three miles west of Strath-

COUNTY OK MlI>I)I,i:SlX

ur>

roy, on I'.e river Sydenham, with 150 followers. Tlio village of Ade-
laide became the centre of this colony. The streets were named after
thoroughfares in London, and the club-house and theatre also named
after similar institutions in the old English town. Of course, tlie
whole all'air, like its ])rojectore, was foreign to the Canadian woods,
where life had to be real and earnest, so that the village of Adelaide
did not long survive its establishment (German, 1879).

William Ilume Blake was born at the English Church rectory,
Kittegan, Wicklow (.lounty, Ireland, in 1809; stutlied nuHlicino and
surgery at Dublin ; married his cousin, Catherine Hume, with whom
aiul his elder brother ho came to (Janada in 1X32, when ins brother
was ajjpointed English rector for Adelaide Township and district. Wm.
Hume ])urchased a farm at the place now allied Sydenham, near
Mount Hope. During his short term there he was compelled to walk
to the blacksmith sho]) for harrow pins. Finding them too heavy to
carry, he attached them to a chain, which he ])laced round his breast,
and in this manner hauled the iron load homt;. In 18o.'> he fled from
the wilderness and, iailing in nuidicine, studied law. In 18."{7 he was
a])pointed paymaster for the troops, and the same year was admitted
to the P>ar. In 1847 he was elected to represent East Y^jrk, and be-
came solicitor-general in the Lafontaine-Baldwin Goverinnent. Every-
thing was reformed; and in 1849 he was appointed Vice -Chancellor.
His death took place November 17, 1870.

E<iward Blake, iuidoul)tedly one of the greatest political educators
over Canada pos,sessed, was born in Adelaide Township ; Samuel
Blake, his brother, who rose to be Vice-( 'hancellor, was also born there.

The death of Mr.s. Blake, widow of William Hume Blake, born in
Wicklow County, Ireland, died in February, 1880, aged 82 years.
After her marriage she came with her husband to Canada in 18:-!2,
and settled on Bear Creek, in Adelaide, near the present town of
Strathroy. Her husband, after two years on the farm, Kiturned to
Toronto, studied law, and became Chancellor of the University. His
death occurred years before that of his wife. John Hoare, who set-
tled in Adelaide in 18.">2, died Nov. 20, 1881. He was postmaster at
Adelaide village for the forty years preceding his death. One of his
daughters married Mr. McKenzie, the county clerk. Mrs. Jane Rivers,
widow of Sergeant Rivers, of the 82nd Infantry, who settled in War-
wick in 1832, died Oct. 8, 1877, aged 88 years, at the house of her
daughter, Mrs. Crone.

Thomas Holden, who died at Brockway, Mich., in August, 1877,
settled near Strathroy, in 1832. He moved to Michigan in 1865.
James, one of his sons, held the homestead where the House of Refuge
now stands, u[) to 1 879. John N. Ashbee, who immigrated and settled
in Adelaide in 18.S2, died in Caradoc in February, 1875.

Mrs. Ann Thompson, formerly Mrs. Thomas Harrison, one of the
first settlers in the Melrose neighborhood, died in Adelaide in February,
1874. Her first husband died thirty-five years, and her second hus-

44()

HISTOHY OF TIIK

biiiid fifteen years, before this })ioiieer woman. Alex. Johnston, l)orn
in Tyrone County, Ireland, in 1810, died in Adelaide on March 18,
1880. In 18;U, he came to (Janada, and, in 1836, settled on lot (i,
concession ."'>, Adelaide. Clnistopher Cornell, a native of Liniericlv,
Ireland, died at Strathroy in 1883. He settled on the Lon<^\vond road
in 1828. In 1837 he served ayainst the Patriots, and, in 1875 moved
into Strathroy.

The liol<,'ers and Donnellys settled near the township line in 1832.
They were from Kildare and Wicklow Counties resju'ctively. Mrs.
David (Bradley) Wiley, was born in Dublin County, Ireland, in 1811.
She came with her husband to (yanada in 1834, and settled in the
wilderness of Adelaide. In 1875 the family moved to Strathroy.
James Murray, a native of Ireland, who settled in Cobourf;, Canada, in
1832, and in 1834 in Adelaide, of which he was a Commissioner
in 1885, died June 23, 1875. He served against the Patriots in 1837-8.

Charles Napper, who settled at Strathroy in 1835, moved to Michi-
gan in 1872. In 1836, Patrick Mee married a daughter of a Waterloo
veteran. Miss Cruminer, wlio settled in Adelaide in 1832. In 1837
she accompanied her volunteer husband to Amherstburg, carrying her
child in her arms. Wm. Nettleton, who came from Ireland and set-
tled north of Strathroy about 1830, was living there in 1877, aged
eighty years. James Cooper, who settled west of Strathroy in 183(i,
lived there in 1877. He was born in 1792.

Anthony Preston, a resident of Adelaide for about forty years, mov-
ing thither from Metcalfe, wliere his parents lived, died in July, 1878,
aged sixty-two years. .lohn and Richard Morgan, pioneers of Ade-
laide, died in April, 1882. For a time they lived in Enniskillen, but
in 1837 moved to Adelaide. John Morgan, of Adelaide, was born
there in 1837. Mrs. Jane Healy, born in Cork County, Ireland, in
1840, settled near the western line of Middlesex County in 1841,
and died at her son's home in Strathroy, March 5, 1880.

William Murdock came from Mayo, Ireland, to Adelaide in 1842,
with his parents. Robert Cowan, who died July 31, 188G, was a
native of Ireland, but a resident of Middlesex for over forty years.
Samuel and Jane Farly, who came to Canada from Mayo Co., Ireland,
in 1846, settled in the southern part of Adelaide. Rachel Jacobs,
widow of Eben. Perry, who died in 1870, aged 83 years, resided at
Strathroy in 1876 in her 83rd year, Jane Marsh, widow of David
Demary, resided near Arkona in 1876, aged 92 years. Mary Richard-
son, who maiTied A. G. Street, in 1820, and a widow since 1844, settled
near Strathroy in 1847, and in 1877 was 86 years of age. Eliza Ann
Jones, of Ekfrid, formerly of Strathroy, died iu August, 1883. She
was the daughter of CoL Wm. Saxton, one of the pioneers of western
Ontario.

Thomas Hand was bom in Monaghan Co, Ireland, in 1815; in
1837 emigrated to Kingston, and took part in quelling the rebellion of
that year. In 1855 came to Strathroy, where for a number of years he

canied r

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of Rev. I

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Strathroy, i

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of Adelaide

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Official .

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comjirised :-

Dell and Thi

Hiram Dell,

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COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX.

447

of
fte

caiTied on the boot and shoe business, but in 1802 jciined the Federal
iirniy and served nn tlie war shij) Allan Collier, and was a pensioner
of the U. S. up to his death in Sejit., 1S88.

(leo, J. Brown, who died at Watford, September 28, 188.5, settled
in Warwick in 1847. In 1854 he opened a land agency ofiiccs at
Strathroy, was notary and aflidavit coniniissioner. In December, IBHO,
on the opening,' of the Sarnia branch, he returned to Watford and
engaged in the hotel business. Catherine, widow of Wm. Matthews,
resided near Strathroy in 1877, aged 85 years. Mary Cutler, widow
of Samuel Garity, resided at Wanfleet in 1877, aged 8;") years. .Fohn
West, a resident of Canada for over fifty years, was living in North
Adelaide in 1877, aged 84 years.

Mrs. Mary Coy, who with her husband came to Canada in 18.")5
and settled at Strathroy, died in -lanuary, 187"). She was an accouch-
eur, who, it is said, never lost a case in 4,0(10. John I). Lanier, who
died at Stratlnoy in Marcli, 1879, w.as born in Westminster township
sixty years and five months previously. He learned the blacksmith
trad(% and for twenty-two years he carried on a carriage shop at Strath-
roy, where for several years he served in the Council. Mrs. E. H. Smith,
7i('« Emily M. Brennan, died July 1(1, 1879, aged 44 years; being a
re.sident of Strathroy for twenty five years.

Thomas Lenfcstey, born at La Bordage, Guernsey Island, in 1814,
migrated to New York in 1834, and settled at Strathroy in 18(13,
where his wife died in 18(14, and himself in 1883, Mrs. Hardy, wife
of Eev. Daniel Hardy, died at Mrs. Saxton's house, Strathroy, in
February, 1880. .Tames Harvey, who for eighteen years resided at
Strathroy, died in June, 1871.

In 1857, William T. Pearce came from England, and was employed
in Green's retail store at London. In 18().j he was a partner of Alvin
I'oUey in a dry goods store at Strathroy. In 1878 he erected the Albert
block. His death took place on September 26, 1880. John Fergr.son,
of Adelaide, who died in August, 1877, was town clerk for fourteen
years and a resident for thirty years. Wm, Cameron, who died in Aug.,
1883, came from Scotland to London in 1857, and to Strathroy in 18(11,
opening a store where the Lochfine block now .stiinds. In 1866 he
and Kobert llichie bought Albert Hayden's boot an shoe business.

Official History. — The oldest record of Adelaide, now in possession
of Clerk Miller, is dated Jan. 21, 1850. The Council at that time
comprised : — Patrick Mee, reeve ; Timothy Cook, John Hoare, Adam
Dell and Thomas Cuddy. John A. Scoone, sr., was appointed clerk;
Hiram Dell, collector ; Anthony Preston and James Abernethy, audi-
tors. In February, a petition signed by Anthony Preston, William
Miller and others, asking that a tax be levied for building a school in
Adelaide village, was received and granted. The Council at this time
met at various places — John Wiley's, on lot 3, ,*outh of Egreraont
road; Mrs. Westlake's, lloyal Adelaide Inn, still standing in the
village. James Murray, who was collector of Adelaide from 1834 to
1837, was granted extra remuneration in the latter year.

448

HISTORY OF THE

"V/'illiam Miller was appointed assessor in 1838 or 1839, after his
return from Windsor, where he served against the Patriots, The first
year's collections did not more than pay the collector and assessor, but
during the ensuing twelve or fifteen years, he saw the township make
steady advances. Among the early Councillors were : — Patrick Mee,
John A. Scooue, James Keefer, Hiram Dell, Timothy Cook, John
Jiuttery and AVm. Freele.

liichard AJcCutcheon was the first clerk of the township in 1842.
John A. Scoone served up to 1852, when Mayor W. lladclitVe was
appointed. In ISn'S, John A. Scoone was re-v,iected, and served to the
close of isr)6. Anthony Preston served as clerk from 1857 to his
death in July, 1878, when William Miller, a pioneer of 18:)2, was at
once appointed. The present Town Hall was erected in 1874.

Fires and Accidents. — The fire of Sei)tembe/ 10, 187M, on the
Fourth Line of Adelaide, resulted in the destruction of .fohn Shepard's
house ond the burning to death of his youngest daughter. Edward Webb
was drowned at Katesville in May, 1874. While bathing, he was
drawn into the whirlpool. A little daughter of John Morgan, of Ade-
laide, was burned to death in July, 1878, during the destruction of
liichard Morgan's barn. August Lepage, a workman in McPherson's
mill, Adelaide, was killed during tlie destruction of that mill-building
in the .storm of July, 1879. In November, 1885, William Walker,
was killed by lightning at Mcintosh's gate, near Adelaide
village. Arthur Brock, who was with him, was stunned. In Novem-
ber, 1876, Melvin Yeager, Angus McDougall and William Near,
counterfeiters, were arrested and charged before Squire Eadclilfe. One
of their factories was at Katesville, where babbitt medal, old watch •
cases and other medals were coined in plaster of jjaris moulds. Uev.
,Iohn Stonehouse, Methodist min.ster, of Adekide, was accused in
March, 1888, of blackmail, but released on bai^ ^^v Magistrate Noble.
The methods adopted by him are said to be mo*. and oidy possible
under such a law as the Scott Act.

Adelaide Village. — The population of the village of Adelaide in
1888 is estimated at 180. The business circle com])rises the general
stores of W. J. Brock and .1. S. Hoare ; James Down's saw mill;
George Kelly's hotel : J. T. West. James Freele and Jfi,mes Aber-
nethy, shoemakers ; vieorge Hodj,son, blacksmith ; James Austin,
cai-penter, and Thomas Brock, postmaster.

Lord Montcashel owned a large acreage of wild land in Adelaide
and Warwick in 1851, and even later. Adelaide Village then con-
tained about 150 inliabitants and one English Church building.
Adelaide, in 1857, claimed 200 inhabitants, among whom were : —
Wm. Cooper, owner of steam grist mill ; Wm. Bray, J. S. Hoare, Wm.
Macklin, iiobert Atkinson, John Ivor, Kobert Murruy and John Stan-
ley, store and inn-keepers ; James Abernethy, George Freel, Anthony
Preston and 'ohn West, shoemakers ; John MoGarvey and Edv/iu
Parker, blacksmiths ; James Eitzpatrick and Charles Hall, tailors ;

COUNTY OF MIDDLK.SKX.

44y

Wm. Clelford and James l^rett, car|ientcrs ; Kov. Artliur Mortimer, of
the English Chnrcii ; Kobert I'cgley, magistrate ; Thomas Sadler,
harness maker, and J. S. Hoare, ])ostmaster. Mr. Hoare settled here
in lS;)li, and was appointed postmaster in l(S41, and served imtil his
deatli, November 20, 1881.

Oddfellotvuhip. — Kgremont Lodge, No. 207, I. 0. 0. F., was organ-
ized at Adelaide, Jvdy 2C, 1871, wiiu the followins^-named oflicers ; —
T. W. Evans, N. G.; d. Coulter, V. G.; A. liogers,>.. S.; G. Hodgson,
r. S.; E. Au.stin, Treasurer; A. Weir, Warden; .). S. Hoare, (.'onductor.

Pud Ofice. — Colonel Thomas lladelitie, who came from Ireland, in
18o2, was the first jiostmaster. He was succeeded by liichard
W^indsor, who held the office for some years, when .Fohn Hoare was
appointed master, and held the ott'ce until his death. George Hoare
continued the office until 188(i, v-hen Thomas Brock was aj)])ointed.

Early Schuols. — William Miller taught the first school in the
township, in a log hous(! on lot five, concession three, north of Egre-
mont, on Sijuire Cuddy's laiuu. From this humble beginning the
school system sjjread out until it has reached the proportions ascribed
to it in the chapter on .schools.

Churches. — Kev. Benjamin Cronyn was appointed i.io' first rector
of Adelaide in 1832, but was succeeded by Ilev. D. E. Blake in 18."M.
During his incumbency, four churches were erected in the mission, one
a' Adelaide, one at Strathroy, one oti the 10th con. of Metcalfe, near
Napier, and the 4th at Katesville, the last three Vjeing chapels of
Adelaide Pari,sh. In 1842, £(18 l'.)s. were collected for building the
churches at Katesville and in Metcalfe.

In 1845, Kev. A. ]\Iortimer presided over the churches. Rev. A. S.
Falls had charge of the church at Adelaide in 1859, R. lientley, of
Katesville, was one of the leadin" members. In I860 he attended St.
John's, St. Mary's and St. Catherines, and in 18(16, St. Mary's, Napier.
In 18G9, Rev. J. Kennedy succee'lc?d him. In 1833 a fi'ame building
was erected at Adelaide village for church ])urposes, and the year after
a rectory was built on a glebe of 200 acres. In 18((8 a brick house
took the }»lace of the frame of 1833, which, in 1837 was used as a
barracks by the Government troops. The old rectory has been
removed, the lauds sold for ^7,700, and the interest of that sum is
annually piiid to the rector. A heap of rubbish marks its site. The
first nuirriage recorded is that of Timothy Lemar to Mary Atjbott, by
license, Oct. 5, 1833 ; the first bai)tism is that of Letitia, daughter of
Georj-e Ivor, Sept. 29,1833; and the first death that of James Lee,
Nov. 28, 18;{3. Rev. Wm. Hinde is the present rector.

The Catholic Church of Adelaide is almost as ancient as the Eng-
lish establishment here. In the early years missioners, among them
Fatlier Burke, from Sandwich, and later from Toronto, came among
the settlers, finding in that lownshi)) and Warwick the Bolgers, Don-
uellys, Major iVfahons, Pugan Woods, the McKinneys, Dugans, Faheys,
of Warwick ; some of the Coopers, Atkinsons, and Mees, and later the

1 1 ill

I'll'! I i

III!

U1.II

450

HISTORY OF THE

Dewans, Keimys, Fitzpatricks, and Oallivhers. In Adelaide, in 1852,
then attended by Dean Kirwan, were Edward Upton, John Dcwan,
Patrick Walsh, James Atkinson, of Warwick ; the Faheys, Wood-
locks, Gallahers, Mullins, Matthew Stej)hens, Ma<,'nire,s, MctJallums,
Dugans, Coojiers, Finns, John liarry, and Henry Cooper, of Metcalfe.
The old chnrch buildinj,' is still standing near t\w villajie.

The Presbyterian Church of North-east Adelaide was organized in
1872, although a l)nilding was ojjeued for worship October lo, 1871.
Among the tirst meml)ers here were : — John Milleken, sen., Sam. Mille-
ken, David Sands, Mrs. D. Sands, sens., (.'has. Barton, John Powcl, Hugh
Mc(.'hcsiiey, Win. McKeen, John McLellan, and Mrs. Wilson. The
otHcers are : — Polders Hugh McChesney ; managers, Sam. Milleken,
David Sands, .lolni Milleken, jr., Wm. McKeen.'Charles Bolton ; secre-
tary, Sam. Milleken ; treasurer, David Sands.

The West Adelaide Presbyterian Cimrch was dedicated September
12, 187'). Hugh Wiley, chairman of the building committee, reported
the total cost at $4,4(10. Rev. F. Mcllae was ituhicted ^lastor of both
congregations in 1875, serving until 1881, when Rev. John Lees was
called. He was inducted ])astor .Fanuary 8, 1882.

The Metiiodist New C'onnexion Church of Adelaide was estab-
li.^hed in 18;)5, with Henry Johnson, preacher, and sixty-four memlxTs.
From 18;)() to 1858 it was included in St. Thomas circuit, and from
1854 to 1858 pfirt of it was in the Ekfrid circuit. In 1859, James
Baskerville was preaclier; in 1860-1, with Dr. Wild, now of Toronto,
assistant, John H. Simp.son ; in 18(12, Josej)!! Follick ; 18Go-4, Walton
Pre.ston ; 18(;5-8, James tiundy; 1869, James Shaw; 1870-1, John
Walker; 1872-4, Thomas Jack.son. In 1874 the meml)f rship was 149,
althougli in 1868 there were 208 members. The union of this year
absorbed the title and membersliij).

Adelaide Circuit of the Wesleyan Methodist Church was presided
over Vjy Robert Corson, 1847 ; Geo. Kennedy iind John Weljstcir, 1848 ;
Ozeas Barber and Joseph Hill, 1849; .lohn Hutchin.son, 1850. In
the latttir year there were 2;i7 members, including Strathroy. In 1851,
Adelaide! merged into Strathroy circuit, and remained a ]iart thereof
until 1868, when it was re-e.stal)lislu'd with Jolm Neelands pastor, who
continued until 1870, when l'>. T. White succeeded him. Li 1871-3
John Million was ])astor, with Geo. Dainel, assistant, in 1871, and
TIenryE. Hill in 1872. The Methodist Church of Canada resulted
from the union of the Wesleyan and New Connexion Societies in 1874,
witli Ebi'iu^zer Teskey, minister, and 158 members, scattered through
seven a})i)ointments. He was succeeded by Geo. C. Madden, 1875-6 ;
Wm Shannon, 1877-9; W.T.Turner, 1880-2; J. Neelands, 188:^.4.

Tlie Wesleyan Church on tlie main road, Adelaide, was dediciued
Dec. 25, 1870, by Revs. G. Goodson and A. A. Cameron. This enter-
j)rise was suggestcnl by Rev. Mr. Neelands, who also suggested the
name Bethel for the new l)uilding.

Among the members of the old Wesleyan Church in Adelaide,

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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

453

were : — James and Shalto Galloway, Andrew Morrow, Wm. Chap-
iiiiiti, David Morgan, T. P. James (18o2), Hugh Seed, George Elliott,
Chester and Wm. Miner, the Murdocks, Boltons, James Jones, Thos.
Evoy, the Woodwards, Thomas Williams, Mark Mann, John Downer,
liobert Colton, William Tinkler, Edward Koland and Jane Roland.
In 1841, William Miller preached his first Methodist sermon in the
log school-house, opposite the jiresent Bethesda Church. Exhorter
( 'reeley preached the first Methodist sermon in 1832. He also preached
at the Porter cabin in Warwick, about 4^ miles from Adelaide
village. Lot 4. Con. 2. The first Methodist minister who ever preached
in Adelaide, hold services at Mrs. Mary Johnston's house. This old
lady is still living in Mnore Township, of Lambton County. The
liethesda Methodist Church was built in 1887, to take the place of the
old Ebenezer Church, burned over two years ago. The location of the
old church was just opposite the house in which Robinson was mur-
dered in 1888. The brick building, three miles west of Poplar Hill,
was erected in 1870 for the Wesleyan Society.

The population of Kerwood, in 1888, is estimated at .SOO. Charles
Foster was postmaster, and he, with S. Foster and A. Rogers, wera
general merchants ; S. .Jones carried on a boot and shoe store ; T.
Lynn, the hotel, and J. J. Jury, the meat-market. Manufactures were
represented by George Downing's saw-mill, Ricliaidson's brick and tile-
factory, Armstrong's carriage and wagon-shop, and J. Perkin's cheese-
fiictory. In 1871 the cheese-factory at Kerwood was opened, with
Mr. Richardson in charge ; also one in Adelaide, by Cleverdon &
(Jaruthers.

St. Paul's English Church, of Kerwood, is contemporary with the
village of 1857. Rev. A. S. Falls and the Rev. J. Kennedy were the
first rectors. In 1874 the hall in which services were held was
destroyed by fire. From this period until July 11,1880, there were
no services of this church at Kerwood. On the latter date Rev.
Edward Softley, of Brooke and Metcalfe, held a meeting in the Canada
Methodist Church, and in October began the work of reorganizing the
church. In December a meeting was held at the fourth line school-
house, when Isaac Blain was elected clergyman's warden, and Reuben
Parker, peojjlc.'s warden, and $150 per year guaranteed the clergyman.
Church building followed, and November 27, 1881, ahou.se of worship
was opened. The corner stone was placed July 21, 1881, by L. R.
Richanlson, of the buikling committee. In F'ubruary, 1881, the con-
tract was sold to W. F. Fawcett for §1,850 ; the situ was purchased
iVom S. Early for $140.

The New ( 'onnexion Methodist Church of Kerwood was dedicated
>^ome years ago, immediately after the organization of the Church here ;
liut, on the union of the churches, it merged into the Church of
Canada.

The Methodist Church of Canada at Kerwood dates back to 1875,
when John Russell was appointed minister. He was succeeded in

I'l

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454

HISTOHY OF THE

1878 by Robert Smylie, and he by W. W. Sparling, in LSSO-1 ; C.
Barltrop, 1882-4. Rev. George J. Kerr is the present minister.

Keyser claimed a jmpnlation of sixty in 18S0. Tiie post-office
was in charge of B. \V. Stephens. John Ilendrick was a cheese
manufacturer, and Jacob Keyser carried on the brick and til(>,-factory.
In 1870, cheese-factories were established at Keyser's Corners and
other places in Western Middlesex.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

455

CHArXER XVI.

BIDDULl'II TOWNSHIP.

Bicl(lul|ili TowiishiiJ is bouiulud on tlie west by McGillivray Town-
slii]) and Huron County; on tlie north by Huron county; on the north-
east by Huron County ; and on the cast by that and Perth County ;
while the north hue of London Township forms its soutliern boundary.
The httle Sauble, known as the " Little Sauble Hiver," flows from the
north-east, entering McCillivray south of Clandeboye. South of the
main line of the (Jrand Trunk Railroad, Fish Creek, and a tributary of
the Thames, flow towards the Thames valley. Geologically, the town-
ship belongs to the Goderich salt district. In February, I880, water
from th(! well at Hooper's steam saw-mill was found to produce salt by
evaporation. At Exeter, thirteen miles from Lucan, a good quality of
salt was manufactured.

The township, like all others in Ontario, i.g subject to the severe
cold of winter. January 1, 18(J4, was the hardest freezing day known
for some years ; while December, 1877, was a month as fine as Sep-
tember generally is.

The ])opulation in 1887 was 2,G97, exclusive of Lucan, which, in
May of this year, contained 924 inhabitants. The toUil of the town-
ship, outside Lucan, is made up of 956 persons of the F^ngli.sh Church,
819 of the Catholic, 705 of the ]\Iethodist, and 217 of the Presbyterian.
The assessor does not include the Salvation Army membership, which
is sujjposed to belong to Lucan.

IJiddulph, like McGillivray, formed part of Huron county until
1865, when it was attached to Middlesex, provision being made for its
exemption from the heavy taxes which then prevailed here for roads and
bridges. Its settlement dates back to ISSf), when the Hodginses, Cour-
ceys and Atkinsons ])urchased their lands. (Jne or two years prior to
that the Norwich (Coim.) Quaker, Frederick Stover, purchased 800
acres, in conjunction with a number of free colored men or refugee
slaves, and planted here, just west of the ])resent town of Lucan, the
Wilberforce colored colony, the history of which is given in the history
of Lucan.

Among the old settlers of l>iddulph, who were residing there in
1878-80, Tuention is made of the following-named ; — John Atkinson
and Hiram Hodgins, 1838-40; Ca])tain J. W. Evans, 1825; John
Mcllhargy, 1822; William H. Ryan, 18M.^ ; William Rivington,
1837; John Hudson and John Simpson, 1839; P. J. Dewan, 1840 ;
Thomas Collins and John Eedv, 1S41 ; Albert Jk'.atson, Robert Boyd,
John Dagg, T, C. Hodgins and Thomas Mangle, 1842 ; Richard Jerrayn,
John Jermyn, James and William Grant, in 184;> ; Charles Foreman,

4.">t;

HISTOUY OF THK

.ioliii Flaimjiiiu iuid VV. I). Stunliiv, in 1X44; Gowjijo Foroman and
William L(ivitt, 1845; Thomas Mhickwcll, Isaau llod^'ins, Dr. I{.
Laii;^', in l.S4(); Samuel I/an<^foi'd, in 184'J, and Robort C. Thompson,
of Adaro hotel, in LSGO.

Mrs. r>L'l], a colored centenarian, who settled on the London and
Goderich road in 18."i2, died in November, 1878. She was the last of
the colored colony located here by the Friends. Col. James Hod<,dna
oame with his family from Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832, to Lot 39, Con.
3, l>iddulph, where he was the. first settler. He was agent for the
Canada (.'om])any a nundxu" of years. In 1837-8 he commanded
the Sixth IJattalion Huron Militia, in which his son John was a private
soldier. Hi; died January I, 18(i7, aged 84 years. Wm. N. Ilodgins,
born in Indand, settled with his father's family on Lot 3'J, Con. ."!, I5id-
duliih, in 1834. For five years prior to his death, April 3, 1884, he
was master of Orange Lodge, No. 602, Lucan. Adam Hodgins, who
in 1831 came from Irelancl to Canada, and wa.s one of the first settlors
of liiddulph, died January 2'.l, 188(). He was a Tnember of the ]'arty
engaged in the survey of the Huron Tract. \V. H. Ityan came from
Ireland with his fatlim' in 183."), anil settled on Lot 32, Con. 3, Biddulph.
He served with the Simcoe cavalry in 1837. Peter Johnson, a colored
man, said to be ag(!d 104 years, was found dead in the hamlet of
Ireland, January 1, 1S70. Ho saw General Washington in his time,
and was present at the convention of colored ])eo])Ie at London in
Aja-il, 18."')3. At that time (1853) there were 276 colored peoiilo in
London, holding real estate valued at ;S1 :!,5()4.

John Atkinson, born in Tif)perary county, Ireland, settled in Bid-
dulph in 1840. Ho served in the 11th Battalion under Col. Kadclide,
at London and Adelaide village in 1837-8. He took the census and
made the assessment in 184(1 for Biddulph — the taxes being S75, and his
pay eighteen shillings and four pence. His death took place July 28,
1884. John Dagg, soti of one of the pioneca-s of JMddulph, born in
Ireland, came with his father hither, and died in March, 1887. At the
time, he was county master of Orange lodges, president of tlie Lucan
and I^)iildidph Agricultural Societies, and of the North Middlesex
Cheese Manufacturing ( 'o. George Foreman settled in Bidtlul])h in
1845, and also Charles Foreman, who is said to have come here in
1844. Charles McRoberts, who came from Ireland in 18.30, with his
parents, and settled in London township, died in January, 1886. In
1846 he settled where Lucan village now stands. John Heenan, who
<iied in October, 1888, aged 95 years, was an old resident; while James
Porte, referred to in other pages, was among the foremost of the pio-
neers. In the following sketch of the organization of this township, as
well as in the history of McGillivray, many names of old residents
find mention.

Ojfi,Gi(d Hidm'y. — Biddulph Township was organized in January,
1842, with Thomas Conrcey, clerk ; James Hodgins, district council-
lor ; James Porte, Geo. Carter, Francis Ryan, Wm. Grant, and John

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

4r.7

Atkinson, school conunissioners ; Win. Tlodf^ins, assessor ; Thomas
Jlddj^'iiis, colk'ctor; .lolin Thompson, pouiul-kouper; Patrick Cowley,
Horatio Cobley, J. ('ourccy, F. Ilyan, U. Neil, Wni. Eawlins, John
Kawlins, Edward Cou^'hlin, W. Blackwill, John J)aviH, James Porte,
Michael Fox, Patrick JIo;,'an, Wm. liyaii, Patrick Alooncy, and Jamos
McKoberts, ovt^raeiirs of hif,'hways. In 1.S44, James Hodgins was
chosen clerk, with S. Lan^ford, Wm. Mori^^an, and .lolni Lewis, jxjund-
keepers ; while the names of Dan Hohbins, Michael Curtin, J, Har-
lontoii, Simon Yonnj,', Patrick 11 ogan, Patrick Scurlock, John llorrifi;an,
IJeo. Brcien, Sttjvi! Germyn, Lew. W. Vauj,'han, Arch. Ware, John
Little, Patrick Parry, and A. Mcllhargy, ajjjiear amon<^ the township
officials. In 1(S47, John Atkinson was clerk; Wm. H. Ilyan, collector,
and Wm. ITodgins, assessor; with James Hod<fin,s, conncillor ; and
they, with the jjcrsons formerly named, may he said to fill all the
ofhces up to 1850, when James Hodgins was chosen re(!ve ; James
Porte, clerk ; Geo. Carter, T. W. Stanley, J. Courcey, and Thomas
Hod<,'ins, councillors. The moneys expended on roiids in 184'J-."!
amounted to £.S 13s. '.id.; in 1844^ to £2:! lis. 3d. In 1851, Wm. H.
Hyan was reeve; succeeded in 1853 by John Atkinson ; James Porte
still serving; fis clerk. In 1855, John Hodgins was chosen reeve ; in
185('i, Thomas llodgins. The estimated expenses for the year were
placed at £llli (Is. 7d. In 1857, William Ilodgins was ajipointed
treasurer, and William Porte, clerk ; while the nfime of William Aini-
strong apjiears as school teacher in District No. 7. In 1858, Henry H.
Hodgins was reeve; and in 1859, he and Bernard Stanley were
chosen reeve and dejiuty-reeve. In 18G4, II. H. O'Ncil and Charles
Gowan were the reeves.

In 18G5, P. H. O'Neil was re-elected reeve, with John McFall,
deputy. In 1807, Joshua Tliomi)son took Wm. Porte's ])lace as clerk.
In 1872, John Hodgins was chosen reeve, vice O'Neil, and Hiram
Hodgins, clerk, vice Tliompson, and both were in office in 1875, when
volume HI. of record closes, Hiram Hodgins holding the jiosition of
clerk until -lainiary, 1887, when Wm. 1). Stanley wjls elected to that
])osition. W. H. Kyan succeeded John Hodgins as reeve, and W. D.
Staidey succeeded Ilyan in 188(1 ; was warden of the county in
1884, and the first resident of Biddulph who ever held this position in
Huron or Middlesex. (Jharles C. Hodgins succeeded Mr. Stanley as
reeve in 1887.

Granton in 1888, claimed a poj)ulation of 375. Jamcss Grant was
postmaster. The general merchants were : — C. M. Webb, W. T.
Burch, J. E. Murray and Matthew Murray. Mrs. Begg's fii' cy goods
store, Wm. Leavett's grocery, F. J. vVrnold's tin shop, Foster Bros.*
and D. C. Jamieson's bakeries, Joseph Grant's furniture store, Wm.
Lawton's boot and shoe store, Wm. Stewart's harness shop, F. Brook's
cjibinet shop, Wm. Middleton's and Thomas Colbert's hotels, Langford's
saw-mill, K. Johnston's cheese factory, Gilbert Carter's and Wm.
Bayne's gi-ain warehouses, and E, J. Brook's carriage shop, are all

4r.8

mSTOUY OK THE

oiminerated among the business and manufacturing interests of the
villagt;.

Granton Church, when organized some years ago, was attached to
th(! Luciin parisli, of whicli T. W. Magaliy was rector in 1H8M-7; and,
in A]irii, 1887, liev. .lolin Downie took (charge of Holy Trinity Chtirch,
Lncan, and St. -lames's, one and a-half miles wcist. Tiie new building
erected In' the English Church Society at ( Jranton, wasojjened Decem-
ber l), 188.'!, by liev. Messrs. O'Connell and Kirkton.

Clavxlchuijc \\\ 1S88 claimed 'liA) iidial)itants. Daniel Sholf was
jjostmaster. The gentnal ileah;rs were -.—W. r)lackwell, S. E. ]Ioo])er
and Jose])h Mcllbargy ; John Flannagan and (Jeorge Porte, hotel-
keepers ; !)ennis Sutton, lumV)er-deal('r ; Mi.ss Hodgins, dres.smaker ;
Charles Friers, weaver; L. liice, wagon-maker.

Patrick Flanagan, a native of Mayo County, Ireland, was a con-
tractor on the Rideau Canal in 18,S(). Ili; built thi; first hotel and
distillery in Waterdown, Wentwortli (.'ounty ; raised a com])any for
Captain FieJil during the rebellion trouble.s, and in 1844 settled where
now is Clandcboye town, tlien known as Flanagan's Corners, owing to
his hotel and store being built there.

W. Easton's grist-mill at Clandeboye was burned Sejjtendjer 25,
1881.

S. ('. Hersey's store at Clandeboye was burned May li'.i, 1881;
Easton's grist niill, September 24, 1881. The old Sable Hill Hotel,
about one mile northwest of Lucan, was burned October 28, 1882.
Mrs. Staidey (Mrs. Mead) was then owner. On May 1!), 188(), the
residence of Daniel Sholl' and the; po.st-oltice at (Jiandeboye, w(;re des-
troyed. The (Jiandeboye I\Iethodi.st class was presided over in I S84 by
li. R. Hodgins, whose family were members. Among the names on
the records of this period are. those of Caroline and Alida Bice, Jane
Stolf, Ann IJlack, Jane and Sarali Sutton, Thomas, Asa, David, Isabella,
and Margaret Collins ; the Windsors, Linlotts, Daniel Sholf, Wm.
Thompson and family, Wm. Richardson, Hiram Windsor, Blackwells,
Williams, Danceys, the Benningtons, and a few other faTuilies.

Irehind, on the London road, in the Townships of McGillivray and
Biddulph, contained, in 18ri7-8, a population of 8(M). Daniel Shoff
was ])ostmaster. The trades and professions were represented as
follows: — James Barber, J. P., farmer; S. Bradley, shoemaker ; James
Butler, saddler and harness maker; George Carter, clerk of l)ivi.sion
Court; James Corcoran, carpenter; J. Ewen, tailor and clothier;
Patrick Flanagan, J. P., innkeeper and coroner; Samuel Flanary,
wagon-maker ; Francis ( Jalbraith, general store ; Richard Galbraitli,
general .store ; Robert Glendenning, innkeeper; Thomas Hamel, framer
and contractor; G. (i. Hamilton, general store; Jeffrey Harbourne,
carpenter; Samuel Herbert, blacksmith ; WiUiani Howard, carpenter;
Francis Jones, cabinetmaker ; Rev. A. Lam))man, Church of England ;
Bartholomew Lavin, blacksmith, O. Lloyd, innkeeper ; Joseph Lynch,
general store; J. McFadden, tailor; Hugh Murj)hy, shoemaker ; Jas.

COUNTY OK M1I)I>I,K.SKX.

459

Nn<,'(5iit, Wiigon-maker ; Henry O'Neill, blacksmith; Richard O'Neill,
blacksmith ; Itobiat I'orto, boot and shoe store ; K. A. Shell, <,'eiieral
stort!.

The comjiletif)!! of the (Irand Trunk liailroad, and, later, of the
London, Huron & Uruoe liailroad, carried away the business men to
points on these roads, and left the villat^e deserted.

MuoremiUe had a jiopulation of fifty in 188.S. J. S. ( Jilfinnan was
))ostmaster ; W. . I. Clark, merchant ; II. McNamee, dealer in boots and
shoes; Patrick Malum, wa^on-builder; William Macham, .saw-mill
owner, and T. Hod^'in.s, blacksmith.

Adare, viilhd Jiiilduljih prior to ISo?, claimtsd in that year the
followinj,' business circle : — Clark & Sons, merchants ; William ( 'lark,
postmaster; Mrs A<,'nes Lavatt, milliner; .lames liobin.son, tavern-
ke(^per; John Sholtz, jjumjmiaker ; N(trinan (Jraham, blacksmith;
(.ieorye Kiidou},'h, joiner; .lolm Moody, shoemak';r; (ieor<,'e I'orte,
Thomas Hodj^ins, reeve, and Ca])tain James Maj,Miire, maj^istrate.
The total population was tifty.

Clivrclu'8.—'Y]ui Methodist Church antedates l(S(Ki. Ainont; the
names on the records of 18(19 are the Dixons, Hrij^litons, Arcoats,
Pitchers, ilrojihys, Whem])s, Tedders, Hots, Prests, ('rav(;ns, Watsons,
Keowns, Smiths, Trevethicky, Dr. Waklen, Kyans, Poes, Krise family,
Sexsnnth and Goodacres.

The Wesleyan ministers at Lucan, formerly a ]iart of Exeter cir-
cuit, were ; — George Kennedy, 18G6 ; Win. Lnnd, 1867-8 ; Geor<:;e
Sexsinith, 1869-71 ; James Allen, 1869; .Fohn Smiley, 1871; James
K. Dyer, 1872 .'!. At that time the membership was 134. The
Methodist Church of (Canada at Lucan succeeded the Wesleyan society
in 1874, with James E. Dyer, preacher. Andrew Edwards ])resided in
1870-6; Win. Lund in 1877; Alfred L. llussell in 1878-80; George
Jack,son, 1881-3; Robert Davey, 1884.

The Salvation Army arrived at Lucan, December 10, 1883, with
Captain Ha])])y Tom in charge. Captain Bill was also hen!. In
A])ril, 1884, the Salvation Army barracks were ojjened. Among the
Salvation captains participating, were :— Stacey, of Loudon East; Willis,
of Lucan, and Hall, of London. The building ha^ a capacity of 400
seats, and was i)ainted in varicgateil colors.

Trinity Church, Lucan, appears in 1871 on the records, with Rev.
W. Logan in charge, and in 1 879, T. W. Magahy, who succeeded T. E.
Sanders, who was ajjpointed in 1869. Among the early members are
Bernard Stanley, John Frank, the Armitage family, lirownkivs, Cour-
ceys, Atkin.sons, Hamiltons, the Sadlers, Ryans, O'Neils, the Hodginses,
the Daggs, Rawlinses, Hiirltons, the Foxes, the Smiths, Mayos, Scales,
Thomas I'ight, the Masketts, and Giiilfoyles. The record of baptisms
diites back to 1865. The building was com])leted in February, 1867,
by Contractor Fox, and in .June, 1885, the first church bell in the vil-
lage was ])laced in the be'l'ry.
The Catholic Church dates to June, 1849, when Rev. Thadeus Ker-

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. i4580

(716) 872-4503

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460

HISTORY OF THE

wan visited Biddulph, where he baptized children. Among members
of the church were : — John Harty, Timothy Madigan, Edward Orange,
Thomas Shea, James SuUivan, Jolni Cogan, Jeremiah McDonnell,
John Kirkland, James Sherlock, Patrick Sherlock, John Neil, James
Kelly, M. Walshe, Thomas Walshe, James Shea, Thomas Coriiyn,
Thomas Quigley, Patrick Nangle, Patrick Barry, M. Hogan, Josej)h
Merrick, Henry Cassidy and James Hogan. Among other names on
the records of this period are the Mcllhargys, Heenans, Milans, James
Eider, Patrick Rider, Thomas Ryan, M. Hogan, Thomas Henry, I'atrick
Kennedy, Thomas Hroderick, John O'Donnell, John Curran, Thomas
Browne, Charles Stuart, Thadeus Twohy, Connor Tierny, Patrick Mee,
John MuUin, Hugh Mangan, P. Mangan, Patrick Walshe, Martin
Carthy, P. Finnerty, Wm. Keane, James Cahill, John Ryan, James
Donnelly, James Keefe, Timothy Keavy, Timothy Ryan, D. Adair,
Daniel Phelan, Martin Duncan, P. Delacy, Philip Conroy, P. Brennan.
Rev. Joseph Gerard came in 1871 ; Rev. J. Lotz, in 1878; and in
1879, Rev. John Connolly, the present pastor. At Irishtown, Rev. J.
Murphy and B. Murphy, 1871. In 1872, Revs. Forristal and Darragh
were assistant priests ; in 1875, Revs. J. McGrath, T. West and L,
Lament; in 1879, Rev. M. Cummins took the place of Rev. T.
McGrath.

The English Church dates to 1853, when the parish of Blanchard
and Biddulph was established, with Rev. A. Lampraan in charge of St.
James's church, of Biddulph, and the station at St. Mary's village. The
English Church, of St. -lames, at liiddulph, was attended in 1858 by
Rev. S. Tighe. Among the subscribers to church work that year were :
—J. Lynch, W. Howard, J. Corbett, R. Mahon, Robert Porte, J. Gullet,
Deacons, Moodys, Crawleys, Donnellys, Scales, S. Bradley, F. Jones,
the Daggs, Hodginses, Carters, Cunninghams, Dr. Sutton, Hodgsons,
Bennetts, Sholdices, Hamiltons, Atkinsons, Cnlberts, McLeans, Mor-
gans, John Hooper, Young, Stewardsons, Glendennings, Courceys, Gal-
braith, Simpsons, Williams, and Clatterhara.s. In 1871, Rev. W. Logan
had charge. The old frame church was built about 1850-1. This was
sold about sixteen years ago to John Flanagan, who used it as a barn.
Two years before its removal the present brick church was erected.
The oldest burial-ground dates back about thirty-eight years. Among
the early bi?rials was that of John Williams, whose monument is dated
August 25, 1852.

COLNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

CHAITER XVII.

LUCAN TOWN.

461

Lucaii is the modern name of the old village of Marysville. In
point of settlement and prooress it ranks with the new railroad towns
of Middlesex. It is the principal town of the north-eastern section of
the county, and the centre of a large trade as well as of a rich agricul-
tural district. During its earlier years, it was looked upon as " the
wildest town in Canada ; " but descriptions were exaggerated of the evil,
and forgotton in tofo of the good, parts of the community ; until truth
came to the rescue and compelled an acknowledgment, that, after all,
only a few wild visitors made the place notorious. To the residents
and people of the surrounding country, the town was everything that a
new railroad town should be. Its grain market was no less celebrated
than its cattle trade ; so, that while the press was reporting unfavor-
ably on its social condition, society and trade were both flourishing,
almost ignorant of the existence of the noisy desperadoes who came
occasionally to it to show that a busy trade centre could not contiime
iji its course without a street broil or a tragedy.

From the reminiscences of William Porte, published in the Enter-
pi-iae some years ago, the following facts are taken. He states that
Lots 5 and 0, north and south of the London and Goderich road in
Biddulph, with (iOO acres more, were t^iken uj) in the name of the
Society of Friends, of Oberlin, O., the price being $1.50 per acre. In
1830, Lots 5, north and south, were occupied by Peter Butler, J. Wyatt,
W. Whitehead, and one Pinkham, who were the original settlers on
the land where Lucan Village is situate. Lots (J, north and south,
were held by the Canada Co. ; but in 1839, Morgan, or "The Rattler,"^
erected a scooped shanty near the location of Mr. Dight's residence.
There, in 1841, John Shoebottom, of London Township, was married
to Jane A. Morgan, Mr. Porte being one of the witnesses. In 1842^
Henry Hodgins came from Castleconnell, Ireland, and looxted on Lot 6,
south. In the erection of his log house a heavy log fell upon .Fames
Dagg, killing him instantly. Mr. Hodgins deserted the site of this
deplorable accident, and selected a location twenty rods nearer the
main road. On the adjoining farm, Wm. Morgan's son was killed by a
falling tree iti 1843, where Arnold & Ward's flour mill now stands;
and even prior to this, the colored colonist Duke, son-inlaw of White-
head, was killed while hunting a raccoon. Old Mrs. Wyatt, then
seventy-five years old, residing on Lot 5, north, committed suicide. It
appears she was religiously mad, and to appease her strange god, tied
her limbs together and lay dtwn in the creek to drown.

Of the fii"st buildings, none now exist ; and, with the exception of
the Butlers, none of the colored pioneero are to be found. The colored

462

HISTORY OF THE

school-house stood where J. C. Watts's rosidence now is, ami the
teacher sent by the Friends vanished with the house.

In 1843 the Friends ceased to sujtport the colony and school; but
the white settlers hired AVilliani Poite to carry on the school. In
18ri4, Wni. Morgan moved to IJruce T'ounty.

On the ]ilans of the railway conii)any l)ecoining known, Sheriff
McDonald and Donald McDonald, of Toronto, purchased Lots 6, north
and south, and planned the village in 1804, and in February, 1855,
sold many of the lots by auction. The first dwelling was that of
Heiay Hodgins, opposite C. W. Sanders's house, on the south side of
Main street. A hewed log-house was next erected by William
Morgan in 1844, where Dr. Hossack's residence now stands. It was a
landmark there until September 16, 1864, when fire destroyed it

At the sale of lots in 1855, Robert Hodgins, sen., purchased lots
245 and 265; Wm. Mayo, 246, 247, 172; George Carter, 266, 259,
18lt (Central Hotel) ; Wm. Walsh, 267 ; K. Young, 247, 2()() ; James
Atkinson, 2(i8, 254, 164; Samuel Long, 249, 2H6, 287, 170; John
Hodgins, 25(1, 16(i; CiiaHos Baker, 269, 271 ; Itliody Armitage, 270 ;
Henry Hoduins, sen., 274 ; John Atkin.son, 239; H. Mitchell, 238 ;

li. H. O'Neil, 255 ; Henry O'Neil, sen..

Simon Young, jun., 165 ; Daniel Neil,

Bernard Stanley, 162; Patrick Nangle, 160; Wra. Atkin.son,

George Hodgins (Hill), 258, 231 ; Thomas Rawlins, 157 (Queen's

>dgins, sen., 274 ;
Thomas Atkinson. 237, 172
256 ; Nathaniel Ryan, 258
163
159

Hotel) ; .lames (Jury) Hodgins, 149 ; Win. Stanley, 191 (post ottice) ;
Caleb Ryan, 190, 188,229; Henry Hodgins, 1S7; LTriah Monaghan,
168; .lames Coughlin, 169 ; Jose])h Berryhill, 173 ; A. Gardner, 230;
Thomas Harlton, 224 ; Wm. Porte, 161 (E. Mara's store) ; Thomas
Tierney, 203; Con. Tierney, 204, and John Cooney, 167, with two lots
puichased by P. Flanagan and John Robinson, which sales were
cancelled — ^^the first where is now the Presbyterian, and the last the
Metiiodist Clinrch buildings. Of the original purchasers, Bernaixi
Stanley and Daniel Neil held their lots ; while, of the thirty-nine,
seventeen were living and twenty-two were reported deceased in 1885.

The nucleus of the village was foi-med on the south-eastern side of
the railroad. Roger Smith, of London, erected a small steam flouring-
mill on lots 241 and 242, north of Main street, in 1855 ; Robert Young
built his dwelling and store house on lot 260 in 185(j; John Robinson
built his house on lots 261 and 262, where James Mayo resided, in
1885, and to this .settlement the name of Mary.stown was given in
honor of Mrs Mary Macdonald, wife of the sherilf, who then owned
the unsold lots on the town plot.

In 1856-7, the railway company surveyed a line via Elginfield,
another via Ireland, and a tliird between Sauble Hill and Marystown,
This caused so much uncertainty to exist, that not until 1859 did the
location give promi.se of advancement. In that year Bernard Staidey
erected the first jiretentious dwelliiig on the north-west of the track;
~ ' built a log-house on the site of the Queen's Hotel;

Tom Rawlings

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

403

John Cooney also erected one on Lot 167, Alice street, called after the
postmaster's eldest daughter, Mrs. Windsor, of Browne City, Mich.,
who was born in that house, which was the first post-office building.
Of them all, the Stanley store -house was standing in 1885 ; William
Stanley erected his building next. R. H. O'Neil erected his i)re-
scnt house soon after, and Marystown became a prominent place in
South Huron. The Central Hotel building was erected by 11. McLean,
the Queen's Hotel by J. Donohue (the Crunnican-Mcllhargy Block),
all brick buildings, were soon added, while a number of frame
hiHises added to the filling up of all Main street from the railroad to
Fan-ell's corner. Then Hugh Benu erected the Royal Hotel ; Wtn.
Frank moved in his brick house from Elginfield to the corner of Frank
and Main streets ; Leonard Hodgins's Hotel stood where is now the
Methodist building, and many homes were erected on Alice, Frank
and William streets ; so that when the village was incorporated, Jan.
1, 1872, its claims for local government were well justified. Later a
luimber of enterprising men ti'ied to secure the London, Huron &
Bruce Railroad, and were willing to give the required bonus of 87,000
while Biddulph would grant $8,000 ; but the majority defeated the
project.

On January 26, 1864, the first Petniy Readings were given in the
school-house. In 186;! the (Jueen's birtiiday was celebrated, a cali-
thuinpian procession of 190 horsemen being one of the features of the
day. No less than 2,500 persons are said to have assembled in the
village of that time.

Uffi,cuil History. — The petition of 100 inhabitants of Lucan was
before the Council June 7, 1871, asking for incorporation. John C.
Frank was appointed to take the census ; B. Stanley and J. Thomjjson
represented the petitioners. In September, a by-law to incorporate
was drafted, an election ordered to be heUl at the school-house, and on
the 20th the act pasised. The first meeting of the Lucan Council was
held at Currie's School-house January 15, 1H72. The officers were :
—Robert F. O'Neil, reeve ; D. McRoberts, Wm. Porte, H. B. Quarry,
and A. CJoodacre, councillors; S C. Hersey, clerk; J. C. Frank, treas-
urer; Thomas Atkinson, as,sessor; and Richard Thompson, inspector of
licenses. The applications for tavern licenses w(ire made by Rol)^!
McLean, H. McPhee, John Carroll, W. E Wilkins, W. Walker, Geo.
Hodgins, and -loseph Fitzhenry ; and for shop licenses by H. B. Quarry,
E. Mara, M. Cuiuiinghani, T. Hodgins, and J. CUecson In A])ril a
by-law, proposed by 1). McRoberts anil W. Porte, providing for grant-
ing a bonus of $5,000 and depot grounds to the London, Huron &
Bruce Railroad, was adopted, and in May the same councillors pro-
posed that .'S200 be exj)ended on sidewalks. At this time, H. B.
Quarry's motion to ])urcliase $25 worth of hose for fire purposes was
carried. In November, Henry Macklin was appointed clerk. At this
time a b}'-law was passed, jnoviding for a bonus of $7,000 to the
London, Huron & Bruce Railroail. On submitting this by-law to

464

MISTUUY OF THE

the ])eoi)lo, it was adopted, but owing to Biddulph not voting the neces-
sary SS.OOO, the vote of l.uain was of no use. The council for 1873
comprised Messrs. P. Mcllhargy, R. McLean, W. rort<3, and I). Mc-
Roberts. Samuel Flannery was licensed to keep the Dublin House.
In 1874, Orlando Robins and A. (loodacre were members, and Thomas
Dight, reeve. In June, the Council made an effort to organize a fire
company. The new member of the Council for 1875 was W. H.
Hutchins, Messrs. McLean, Porte and Mclioberts being re-elected. In
April, measures were taken to erect water tanks, so as to have a water
supply for fire engines, should necessity call the brigade into service.

In January, 1876, C. F. Pashley was elected clerk, vice Macklin
resigned. In March, 1876, a by-law, exempting the projector of the
flax-mill from taxation for five years, was passed, the vote on the bonus
S5()0 and exemption being thirty-five for and one contra. At this
time, also, the building of a lock-up was decided upon. Of the
Council for 1877, Thomas Hossack, W. E. Stanley, W. Porte and D.
McRobert were members, with W. H. Hutchins, reeve. In July, a
by-law, providing for the loan of $1,000, to be expended on building
a Town Hall and engine room, was ordered to be submitted to the rate-
payers. In January, 1878, W. S. Hodgins was appointed clerk.
The members of the (.'ouncil were: — J. D. McCosh, C. M. McRoberts,
S. Gibson, and W. E. Stanley ; while for 1879, R. H. O'Neil and P.
Mcllhargy were chosen to fill vacancies.

In 187y-80, Wm. Stanley was reeve, with Messrs. R. H. O'Neil,
C. McRoberts, P. Mcllhargy, W. B. Abbott, John Bawden, and S.
Gibson, councillors. In June, 1880, the question of building a branch
railroad from Lucan, to connect with the London, Huron & Bruce Rail-
road, was considered by the council, and in September a by-law was
drafted providing for a bonus of SI 0,000 to any company who would
build such branch. John H. McConnell was electeil clerk, vice W. S.
Hodgins, resigned. The council for 1881 comprised John Maguire,
James H. McRoberts, Messrs. Bawden and Mcllhargy, with William
Stanley, reeve. George Hodgins was subsequently elected, vice Baw-
den, resigned. (J. W. Orme was ai^pointed clerk pro tern, in June.)
Wm. Ell wood was elected, vice Mcllhargy, for 1882. J. H. McRoberts
was chosen reeve for 1883 ; while Thomas Hall, Wm. E. Hooper, Geo.
Hodgin.s, and J. R. Arniitage, were chosen councillors. In July, 1883,
A. 0. Graydon was appointed village engineer ; Wra. McLeod, collec-
tor ; and in December the following-named were chosen councillors for
1884 :— W^m. Hogg, Thomas E. Hall, David McRoberts, and William
Haskett.

In 1885, Albert Goodacre, Wm. Hogg, W. N. Shaver and John
Murdy were councillors, with Wm. EUwood, reeve ; while in 1880, E.
Tennent succeeded councillor Hogg. In March, 1 88(), the use of the
market square was granted to the Lucan Agricultural Society under
certain conditions. In August, Geo. A. Stanley was chosen clerk, vice
McConnell, and in December, F. A. O'Neil, J. R. Armitage, W. N.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

46C

Shaver and John Murdy were nominated for the council, and were
elected and re-elected for 1 888, William Ell wood still serving as reeve,
and Geo. A. Stanley clerk. The rate of t^ixation adopted in August,
1888, is as follows : — Local, 8 mills ; school, 8i mills, and county and
debenture, L'|. The expenditures for 1872 amounted to $2,of)0.28 ;
for 187M, $2,256.:;i ; for 1874, $6,502.59, including $4,405 for schools ;
for 1875, $3,;^37.23 ; for 1870, $3,184.9;",; for 1877, $l),124.84, includ-
ing $1,773 33 for school purposes, and 81.305.34 for payment of
debentures and interest; for 1878, $r),082.72, of which $1,.S63.20
represented school grant and county rate, and $1,300 bonus, of $100,
to flax mill, and debentures, $1,200; for 1879, $4,27798, including
$1,724.9(3 school grant and countv rate, $100 bonus to flax mill, and
$800 debenture; for 1880, $3,840.34, including $1,417.29 school grant
and county rate; for 1881, $4,460.84, including $1,276 school and
county rate; for 1882, $4,628.85; for 1883, $4,072.20; for 1884,
$4,804.03; for 1885, $4,574.08; for 1886, $4,612.13, including $1,200
school grant; for 1887, $0,289.51, including school Jippropriation
$1,250.

Schools. — Prior to the establishment of the school at Lucan in
1868, the district was known as No. 6, and, in 1804, Wm, Haskettwas
chosen trustee.

School section No. 11, was set oft' on December 30, 1868, and the
first meethig held at the Dublin House, .January 13, 1869. Joshua
Thompson presided, with W. E. Eoache, secretary. E. H. O'Neil,
Wm. Frank and Thomas Dight were elected trustees. In 1870, A.
Goodacre was chosen, vice Frank, resigned, and Wm. Foreman,
secretary. Benj. O'Neil was engaged as teacher, with Miss Pritchard
and Mr. Foreman. In 1871, V. F. Pashley was chosen trustee and S. T.
Scilly secretary. In 1872, six trustees were chosen : — Bernai-d Stan-
ley, Kobert McLean, Dr. Thomas Hossack, Charles F. Pashley, James
Gleeson and Wm. Galloway. Mr. Scilly and j\Iiss Stacey were teachers
in 1871. In Jaimary, John Dearncss, Mrs. Warburton and Miss
Edwards were employed. In 1873, Mr. Crunnican was chosen trustee,
and Mr. Gleeson elected secretary, to succeed .Mr. I'ashley, who, as
trustee, was succeeded by T. II. Jennings. David McKoberts's name
also appears at this time, and that of H. Macklin. In 1874, Dr.
liurgess and T. 11. Jeimings were chosen members of the board, and
W. S. Hodgins employed as teacher, with Charles Manley, Mrs. War-
burton and Martha J. Edwards.

In April, 1874, steps were taken to build an addition to the school-
hou.se, and in October the building was completed. D. Hammell was
employed as head master in November, with Misses Martin and
Edwards, assistants. In 1875, M. (,'runnican and Henry Collins were
cliosen trustees, and .lohn A. Burgess, secretary. Mr. McTaggert
taught here in 1875. In July, C. F. Pashley succeeded Dr. Burgess
as trustee and secretary, and in November, W. B. McKay was engaged
as principal; and in December, Miss Chisholm took Miss Martin's

'■

46(5

HISTORY OF THE

pliice. Bernard Stanley and R. H. O'Neil were chosen trustees for
1876. In December, rrincipal Hodgins, with Misses Chishohn and
Beamish, were re-engaged as teachers, the salaries being $(;0(), #315
and $2r)(i, respectively. In 187.S, Messrs. Ellwood. Abbott, Fox, Mc-
Connell, and liawden, were chosen trustees; and in 187l», A. (ioodacre,
Wm. E. Hooper, and Jolm ^[urdy. L. Cann was apjwinted secretary.
Among the teachers in 1878-9, the names of Miss Zapfe, Miss Howard,
and Miss Hodgins occur. The Board employed W. S. Hodgins, and
Misses SproaL and Howard for 1880; and Bernard Stanley," with D.
Mclioberts, were elected trustees. Wra. Ellwood was secretary. In
March, 1880, Miss Courcey was employed. The teachers for 1881
were John McLaughlin, Misses Sproat and (.,'ourcey ; but Miss Salmon
taught here for some time. Gerald Fitzgerald and Win. Ellwood were
chosen trustees. W. E. and John Murdy were re-elected for 1882,
and Wni. Hendson aj^pointed principal. D. McRoberts and B. Stanley
were re elected for 1883 ; G. l\ Fitzgemld and Thomas Hodgins for
1884; J. Murdy and W. Matheson for 1885. In 1886, B. Stanley,
Thomas Hodgins, L. Cann, John Fox, Wm. Matheson, the secretary,
and John Murdy, formed the Board ; while in 1887, the name of Wm.
McLeod appears on the roll of trustees, with Bernard Stanley, chair-
man, and li. S. Hodgins, secretary.

In Jaimary, 1880, the school trustees of Lucan agreed to set apart
one room as a separate school, and to employ a Catholic teacher to
preside there.

Fires. — The first fire at Lucan, November 15, 1862, destroyed
Conroy's Mechanics' Hall and a smaller building. Morgan's pioneer
log-house, on the site of Dr. Hossack's house, was destroyed September
19, 1804. Madill's hotel was burned February 8. Thomas Fox's
workshop, in rear of R. Fox's present residence, was burned February
15 ; Thomas Robinson's carpenter shop, March 5 ; Elijah Turner's
bam, August 22, 18()5; in 1871, J. H. McRoberts 's grain-warehouse,
April 11 ; in 1872, Dennis Quigley's took fire, but was saved from
destruction ; in 1875, Collins's tin-store, McLean's drug store, Thomp-
son's harness shop and a dwelling adjoining were destroyed March
29 ; Mrs. Deacon's house, April 29 ; Flanagan & Crawley's stables, in
rear of Queen's Hotel, October 4, 1875 ; Pieper & Hogg's flax-mill
and flax, worth So,000, March 9 ; Molony's wagon-shop, March 13 ;
('oUins & Donnelly's stable, March 17, 1877; John Judge's dwelling,
blacksmith, wagon and paint-shop, the dwellings of Atkinson and Cook
and Hazleton's two buildings were destroyed April 10 ; R. M. Mc-
Lean's stable and seven horses, W. Porte's stables and John Drought's
dwelling and cabinet-shop, were burned May 11 ; Bernard Stanley's
outbuildings, in rear of store. May 12; a fire set in Goodacre's build-
ing, May 24, was discovered and extinguished ; Fitzhenry's hotel, then
occupied by James Malony, together with hotel stables and Gleeson's
bam, was destroyed July 5; Benj. Blackwell's house, July 9; Chas.
McRoberts's Old Dominion Hotel was destroyed August 1, 1879 ;

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

467

attempt to bum Creijihton's livery stable, opposite Queen's Hotel.
April 17, 1880 ; W. H. Hiitchiiis' gmin-store, opposite the Madoc
House, and 9,000 bushels of barley, were destroyed September 3, 1881 ;
and on October an attempt to fire Stanley & Dight's flouring mill
was made, but the fire was discovered. A detective named West, and
Simon Young, were charged with the act.

On April 4, 1883, fire destroyed Johnston's livery stable, with six
horses, and the shops of Niblock & Marrin. The Stanley & Dight
cooper-shop was destroyed December 18, 1885. In March, 1886,
McLean's foundry was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of !ji»4.000.

Accidents. — On July 20, 1804. a boy named Martin O'Mally was
killed by a train near Lucan. In 1805, V. Ryder was killed in a
similar way ; and in 1872, Adam Hodgins's body was found on the
track. A brakesman named John Shea was killed at Lucan, Dec. 30,
180!). The first fatal accident on the London, Huron & Bruce
Eailroad occurred April 13, 1877, when a brakesman was killed at
Brucefield. In December, 1877, old Mr. Grant, of Granton, was
drowned in the cistern. The accident on the London, Huron &
Bruce Kailroad, of December 25, 1880, resulted in the death of James
McGrath, his wife, his brother, mother and Ellen Blake. Thomas
Taylor, of the 14th concession of London, fell from his wagon in rear
of Glass's hotel, October 7, 1881, and was killed. In March, 1883, R.
Cruise, of Blanshard, and Clark, of St. Mary's, were killed by trains
at Stanley's crossing.

Comviercial Affairs. — The first important building was erected in
April, 1859, by Bernard Stanley, and in the fall of that year the depot
was completed. James Parkyn opened his grain-warehouse next
year, and in 1861 shipped 89,000 bushels of grain ; later, he built
warehouses at Ailsa Craig, West wood, Parkhill and Forest. The grain
business of Lucan Station in 1862 amounted to 155,855 bushels of
grain shipped, while in 1803 the figures were 167,300 bushels, James
Parkyn shipping 68,250, Thomas Dight 40,950, R. H. O'Neil
26,950, J. Atkinson 21,350, and B. Stanley 9,800 bushels. In 1802
there were four grain warehouses, to which four were added in 1863-4
by H. M. Atkinson, Hodgius & Co., James Laird and Wm. Frank. In
1802 there were 2,930,000 feet of lumber, shingles and lath imported.
The forward freight in 1887 amounted to 5,386 tons, yielding $10,778,
and the freight received 1,400 tons, yielding S4,478 60. The number
of passengers forwarded, and value of tickiits issued each month in
1887, are as follows: — January, 470 passengers, and value of tickets.
$423.60; February, 401 and $342.25 ; March, 509 and $507 ; April,
458 and $521 ; May, 494 and $398 ; June, 507 and $407 ; July, 546
and $412 ; August, 1,253 and $694; September, 741 and $009 ; Octo-
ber, 478 and ^42 ; November, 500 and $505.90 ; December, 484 and
$390.

J. R. Meagher, of Columbus, Neb., was the first railroad agent at
Lucan in 1859. Timothy Carey, who for over twenty years was

468

HISTOnV Olf THE

baggajTe- master at Lucaii, was triinsferred to Port Huron in 18H4. Mr.
Sinclair is the present agent.

The principal business men of Lucan in 1878-80, and the date of
settlement, are noted as follows: — J. li. Armitage, 1841t, W. H.
Hutcliins, 1863, J. 1). McCosh, 18()1, merchants ; L. Cann, 18()1,
booi\s and stationery; John F. Cain, 18()'.», lioval Hotel; li. McLean,
1844, Central Hotel; li. :McFalls, 1854, Queen's Hotel ; Wra. Walker,
1803, hotel and stage line ; J. W. Orme, 1 85"). grocer ; J. C. Watts,
1860, tin.smith ; Wm. Matheson, 1870, watchmaker; Shoebottom Hro.,
184.">, ])atent spring manufacturers; James K. Tom, 1875, job printer;
J. E, Thomas, 1876, manager Hank of Commerce ; T. T. Atkinson, 1873,
carpenter; John Farrell, 1829, druggist; S. Gibson, 1867, planing
mills; Hogg & Piefer, 1876, flax mills; W. Haskett, 1851>, mill owner;
S. C. Hersey, 1862, grain merchant ; lieed & Chisholm, butchers and
drovers; and Wm. McHride, 1873, carpenter. Law was represented
by W. Macdiarmid, 1872; and the church by Rev. H. li. Lotz, 1876,
Catholic priest.

Post-ojjice. — The first postmaster at Lucan in 1857-8 was C. H.
Ashberry, but was succeeded May 25, 1859, by William Porte, who
has held the office down to the present day. In January, 1871, an
extra mail to London by Gratid Trunk Railroad was established. In
May, 1873, the McPhee stages ceased to run, the Donnelly stages were
inaugurated, and on May 24 the era of stage trrtubles was inaugurated.
The Hawkshaw opposition stnge was sold in October to Crawley and
Flanagan. The old Lucan and Goderich stage ceased June 2'.l, 1878,
after a run of about forty years, and the first mails via the London, Huron
& Bruce Railroad were despatched from Lucan, June 30. The Mon-
treal telegraph line was completed to Lucan in November, 1868.

Bank'*. — The banking house of \l. H. O'Neil was establi.shed on
September 27, 1876, and the business carried on in a frame buihling
on the site of the present bank office, which was erected in August,
1883. With the exception of two years (1882-3), F. A. O'Neirhas
been cashier.

The Hank of Commerce was established at Lucan, but, in Septem-
ber, 1883, the office was removed to Parkhill, and its ])lace here was
at once occupied by li. & J. Fox, who opened a private bank in the
same building in the same month.

Societies. — Irving Lodge, 154, A. F. & A. M., was chartered in
18()1. Among the members are the following Past Masters, the la.st
named being the present Master : — Wm. Diamond, Wm. Porte, John
O'Donohue, Edwin Patching, James Sutton, M. 1)., F. R. Jennings,
Wm. Ellwood, Wm. S. Hodgins, Wm. Quigley, jr , Johti Murdy, John
Fox, Thos. Kitt, Wm. McLoud. There are sixty-one members.

Lucjin Lodge, No. 209, A. 0. U. W., was founded in June, 1883,
with Dr. Hossack, master, and G. A. Ellis, secretary.

Lucan Lodge, No. 70, I. 0. O. F., was chartered March 30, 1871,
with Robert McLean, D. McCosh, W. Bowie, Edward Mara, first

No
nin
Pas
Doi
Rol
son
Sho
Coi:
fifty
Cfra

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

469

Noble Grand, and C. F. Pashley, secretary, members. During the last
nine years, W. E Stanley has served as permanent secretary. The
Past Grands are natned as follows : — Edward Mara, Chas. F. Pashley,
Donald J. McCosh, Thomas Hossack, Wm. E. Stanley, James C. Watts,
liobert McLean, Albert CJoodacre, Sylvanus Gibson, James P. Atkin
son, Wm. M. Slioebottom, Lewis Cann, Wm. Macdiarmid, Geo. M.
Slioebottom, Jacob C. Palmer, Henry Collins, Geo. H. Barron, Wm. E.
(Jollins, and William Bryant. The lodge has an average number of
fifty members. In 188o-4, William Macdiarmid, of Lucan, served as
Grand Master.

The Lucan Agricultural Society was reorganized, or revived, in
April, 1884, with John Dagg, president; Robert S. Hodgins, secretary.
The member.ship was 100, and increased to 200 in 1887-8. To John
Dagg, now deceased, Thomas H. Courcey, W. E. Stanley and liobert
S. Hodgins, the credit of renewing this useful society is accorded. The
second annual fair was held in September, 1885. There were 1,100
entries ; in 1886, there were I.jIOO. The fair of 1887 was attended
by 2,500 persons ; there were 1,500 entries, and gate receipts amounted
to $160. In 1888, the annual foir was successful. The ofhcers of the
Lucan Agricultural Society for 1888 were: — T. H. Courcey, president;
W. E. llooper, vice-president; W. E. Stanley, secretary-treasurer;
Thomas Dickens, J. Cobbledick, F. Davis, John Lewis, James Miller,
Chas. liosser, John Neil, J. Abbott, M. Glass, W. Hodgins, J, Murdy,
John Hodgins, C. C. Hodgins, N. Stewart, A. McFalls, James Carter,
John Guest, W. Walker and F. Walden, directors.

The Biddulph Agricultural Society, organized some years ago, may
be said to be one of the olilest organizations of this class in the northern
townships. William Porte was secretary of the old Biddulph Agri-
cultural Society for eleven years. The officers for 1888 were: — James
Foster, president ; S. Gunning, vice-president; W. B. Stewart, secretary;
J. E. Murray, treasurer ; L. Piad, J. Walls, J. Brooks, W. E. Lang-
ford, S. Clarke, W. Spence, D. -Johnston, M. Langford, T. Bunn, J.
Jermyn and T. Lawton, directors.

The Lucan Mechanics' Institute dates back to the early days of the
village, when Wm. Porte was appointed to obtain a library, and for
years was connected with the society. The officers of the Mechanics'
Institute for 1888 were : — W. Stanley, president ; Matheson & L. Cann,
vice-presidents; W. Ellwood, treasurer; John Fox, secretary, and
Messrs. Edwards, Fox, J. Frank and R. Armitage, directors

In 1875, the Father Matthew Temperance organizations of Bid-
dulph held a great meeting at Lucan.

The Lucan Base Ball Club was organized in .lune, ir,85, with John
Jackson, J. Hutchins, Ted Collins, George Fife, A. O'Neil, J. Jackson,
A. E. Stanley, T. Hutchins, R. Collins, W. Armitage, John Kenny,
E. Jennings, Fred Oldhau and A. Murdoch, members.

The Stanley-Dight and the Hooper mills (operated by George
Adcott) are important industries ; but the most extensive concern in

470

HISTOKY OF THE

Uie county is managed by Robert S. Hodgins, who ships annually
about 290,000 bushels of barley, wheat, oats anil other grains, together
with 17,000 barrels of apples, anil during the season a carload of cider
daily. He established the custom of feeding hogs at the cheese factory,
and also that of shipping baled hay.

On March 10, 186G, fifty-two men left Lucan for Point Edward
under Captain H. B. Hodgins, Lieut. J. C. Frank and Ensign W. H.
Atkinson, and served three months and ten days on the boundary, in
view of the threatened Fenian invasion. Wm. Torte, in his journal,
states that the battle of Kidgeway and rout of the Queen's Own,
occurred May 2, 1866.

Nineteen years later Captain Thorn, then commanding, called this
company on parade, when only five men responded. In June, 1885,
however, twelve or fifteen men assembled, seeking a place in the
annual meeting of 26th Battalion at London.

The Lucan drill shed and armory were erected on lot If)-! in 1871.
This building is a wooden one.

The Lucan flag-pole, erected May '.», 18(i3, was cut down by un-
known parties November 1, 1873. This pole was bought from Barber,
of the village of Ireland, and taken to Lucan, where it stood for ten
years and seven months.

On April 14, 1865, a flag was placed at half-mast in respect to
Abraham Lincoln. Dr. White, a southerner, then here, fired at the flag,
as the honor to the dead president was too much for this confederate.

In March, 1871, a pohtical meeting was being held at Carroll's
Hall, Lucan, when the floor gave way, injuring D. Quigley.and break-
the leg of Air. Galloway's son.

Red-letter day in the political life of Lucan was Dec. 16, 1886.
Sir John Macdonald visited Lucan, accompanied by leading members
of his party. Among other acts in the drama of this political recep-
tion was the printing of the Enterprise in red ; and the Youug Conser-
vative Club was organized.

In December, 1872, Ireland village gave thirty-two votes for, and
twelve against ; Mcllhargy's, sixty five for, and eighty-one against;
and Grant's, eighty-seven against, on the question of giving a bonus to
the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad. Lucan voted almost unani-
mously for the bonus.

COUNTY UK MIDDLESKX.

471

CHAITER XVIII.

CARADOC TOWNSHIP.

Camdoc is bouiidtnl north by Adelaide and the north-east gore of
Metcalfe ; south cast by the Thames, dividing it from Delaware, and
south by the Indian reservation — that river dividing the Indian lands
from Elgin Co. ; east by Lobo, and west by Metcalfe and Ekfrid. The
survey of Caradoc was accomplished in 1821 by Koswell Mount, on
instructions from John Hnrwell. The Thames flows along the south-
eastern and southern line in a very tortuous course. Of the many
streams rising south of the Grand Trunk Kailroad, all flow into the
Thames ; while the numerous creeks having their sources in the north
half, or north of the railroad, flow north-west into Bear Creek.

The oldest record of Caradoc in })osf5ession of Malcolm McOugan,
clerk, is dated February 10, IH't'A. At that time, Col. M. Dixon, 1. \i.
Burwell, John Bateman, Arch. Cam])bell, and David Hunter, council-
men, with Holcrotf Clench, reeve, met at Lee's Hotel, Mt. Brydges.
The clerk, Edward Handy, rc!|)ort(!d that all books, papers and other
mutters relating to the Council were destroyed by fire, and the clerk
was empowered to jn'ocure new books. In November, 1856, the town-
ship was re-districted for school purposes into twelve school .sections,
and Mt. Brydges, known as section 15, with school No. 1, of Lobo and
Caradoc, and school No. 2, of Ekfrid and Caradoc.

In 186;}, John Ferguson was appointed clerk, and served until
June, 1877. A. M. McEvoy, the present county treasurer, succeeded
him in July of that year, who served until June 27, 1887, when M.
McGugan was appointed.

The names of those who have served in the Town.ship Council
from 1853 to 1856, are as follows: — H. Clench, John Bateman, Arch.
CamplKill, David Hunter, J B. Burwell, John Carey, Thomas Collins,
John W. Emerson, John Thompson, Arthur Seabrooke, Thos Faulds,
Alex. Campbell, Thomas Northcott, Hugh McDonald, U. Getty, S. Mc-
Cracken, D. Leitch, A. M. McEvoy, G. MctJugan. L. L. Griffith, A.
Misener, George Middlemiss, George Bateman, W. Lundie, James
Ferguson, Eli Griffith, Thomas Nagle, Janres Gamble, R. Cade, M.
McGugan, Henry Sutherland, Charles Nagle, Dougall Campbell, H.
Hardy.

Caradoc Township was surveyed in 1821, when patents were issued
to Colonels Mount and Bullen for their lands on the Longwoods Road.
Immediately after the survey, and the same year, Benj. Lockwood
located here, and Richard Fenwick shortly after, the latter's clearing
being on Lot 11, Concession 1, north of the Longwoods Road. The set-
tlers who came in from 1815 to 1820, were: — Benj. Bartlett, on Con-
cession 1 ; Sutherland, on Concession 4 ; and Charles Bateman,

472

HISTOKY OF THE

in that neighborhood on the north of the road. In 1828, Robert
Parker settled on Lot 12, (Concession 4, north, and Robert and George
Bateman, on the south side of road; Miller's settlement in Ekfrid
being then the nearest to Parker's on the west. Donald McGugan
settled on Lot 2.'^, Concession 7, in 1828, where his son, Malcolm, now
resides. This pioneer died in 1S78, but his widow lives with her son.
She is the daughter of John McNeil, who came her in 184o.

Col. Mahlon Burwell, father of Isaac Brock Burwell, was one of
the provincial land surveyors at the beginning of this century. It was
he who surveyed the southern part of Middlesex County and laid out
the townships through which Talbot street runs, as well as that street.
The town of London was also surveyed by him, and the Indian reser-
vations at Port Franks. In 18.S5 he was elected the first member
from London (the town then claiming l,Uo7 inhabitants) in the Cana-
dian Parliament, and for thirty years, including hi.s term as representa-
tive in the old assembly, served this part of Canada in Parliament. L
B. Burwell, who, in 18o9, was an ensign in Col. Talbot's 1st Middlesex
Militia, owned 1,100 acres of land in Caradoc. He died August 17,
188U. He gave 200 acres and Sl,500 in cash toward the Burwell
Memorial Church in Caradoc. His grandfather was Adam Burwell,
one of the United Empire Loyalists.

Mary Campbell, who died in April, 1881, came to Canada in 1819,
and in 1820 settled in the Thames Valley with Captain Matthews, at
the time there being only the families of Captains BuUen, Matthews
and Brigham within miles of them. In 1822, when Caradoc was
surveyed, her husband purchased Lot 24, Con. 6, for $12. He died iu
1865, leaving the pioneer woman over fifteen y^ars to dream over the
scenes of pioneer days.

Hugh Anderson, a native of Ireland, who settled in Caradoc in
1825, died February 10, 1873. He was the first township clerk of
Caradoc, which oifice he held until appointed treasurer. He served
against the patriots in 1837-8, and was promoted major.

Cornelius De Graw died April 7, 1877, in his 72nd year. In 182G
he settled in Middlesex, and for fifty years ])rior to his death resided
on Lot 11, Con. 9, Caradoc. He served at Maiden during the troubles
•of 1837-8. Mrs. Sarah Harvey, widow of John Harvey, died in Cara-
doc, February 23, 1879. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1791 ;
moved to Fort Erie in 1812, and to Caradoc in 1825. In 18()9 she
took up her residence at Wardsville. Joseph Seabrook, who settled
in Caradoc in 1835, served against the Patriots in 1837-8. In 18."!,
his son Arthur built a steam saw-mill there, and in 1866 moved to
Delaware. Jonathan Hixon, an old resident of Caradoc, died April
12, 1871, aged 65 years. Mrs. Margaret Saxton, widow of Col. Wm.
Saxton, came from Nova Scotia to Upper Canada in 1811, soon after
b r marriage took place, and slie settled with her husband in Bayham.
1 1838 the family moved to Caradoc, where she died March 19, 1879.
Mrs. Dorothy Cook, widow of Wm. Cook, of Caradoc, born near

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

473

Niagara, in 1825, died in April, 1880. James English, who came
from Ireland in 1848, and was the first agent of the Great Western
Eailroad at Longwood, died in July, 1873. R. Cornwall, an old
settler, who served in the war of 1812, resided here in 1876.

Among the old settlers of Caradoc residing there in 1878-80, were :
— George Richard.?, of 1825; John D.Anderson, 18.i4 ; Charles S.
Getty, 1824; IMaicolm McGugan, 1828; M. Mclntyre, 18:!2 ; Thos.
Bateman, Geo. 1?. Ciirruthers, and Arthur Webb, 18.'13; Geo. Lamon
and Ephraim Nash, 1834; Charles G. Anderson, Alex. Sutherland,
Sidney Seabrook, 1836 ; Chas. Nagle, 1837 ; I. B. Burwell and Francis
Thompson, 1839 ; G. V. Burwell, James Bond, and James Graves,
1840; Wm. F Borley and Edmund Chute, 1841; Darius Coleman
and IJuncan McDougall, 1842 ; Peter Toles, 1843 ; Geo. Weekes, L.
W^aters, W. H. Waters, T. Northcott, Sam. Hedgers, John B. Crozier,
and John Burwell, 1844; James Cooper, 1845; Malcolm McGugan,
Wm. Young, and John Scott, 184(') ; It. Williams and James Cox,
1847; W. Grigg and Richard Price, 1848; Geo. Nagle, James F.
Sutherland, and John Williamson, 1849 ; James Camithers, and Job
Marshman, 1850. From 1850 to IHIIO the following named residents
of liS.SO settled in the township : — Stephen and John Bond, Wm.
Cobban, Thomas Faulds, John D. Kitchen, M. S. Leitch, George
Marshman, Geo. Moore, R. W. Popham, W. A. Pulling, James Patrick,
Anthony Pyott, Geo. Saxton, W, E. Sawyer, and R. Veale. A few of
the above-named are natives of the county, the date given being that
of birth.

Early in the thirtie.s, when the tide of immigration floweil I'ia
the Longwoods Road, an hospital was established for immigiants, two
miles west of Delaware. Dr. Starr, who resided near Carodoc, was the
physician, and Robert Miller, of Adelaide, steward.

Caradoc Academy was opened by Wm. Livingstone in 1(SS3, at a
point five miles from Delaware, on the Chatham road, and carried on
until its destruction by fire in 1857. Among the pupils in 1<S4<S were :
— T. C. Wood, W. and H. Givens, C. Brough, John and Wm. Eccles,
S. W. Handy, E. and John I^batt, W. Balkwill, all of London ; R.
Flood, J. C. Mills, C. Nagle, G. V. Burwell, G. C. Barrett, and R. Sea-
brook, of Caradoc; D. E. Blake, Thornhill ; W. F. P.ullen, C. F. Hullen,
G. Soniers, and J. Johnstone, of Delaware; Alex. D. Ward, of Mosa;
and .1. Miller, of Ekfrid ; with a immber of others from Toronto, Pt.
Stanley, Brantford and Southwold, TIk; teachers were Mr. and Mrs.
Livingstone, Mr Johnstone, Dr. Francis, Mr. Handy, and Miss S.
Matthews. Rev. R. Flood, of the Englisli Church, preached here once
in two weeks ; but on each Sabbath students would attend church at
Delaware. The rates for tuition, board and washing, ranged from £7
to £10 per year.

Accidents. — John Gray, of Caradoc, was killed by a falling tree in
June, 1860. In February, 1862, an old man, a ward of Caradoc town-
ship, was burned to death in his log house on the 2nd Concession.

474

HISTORY OF THE

David Thompson's son, of Caradoc, fell into a pail of hot bran and water
in January, 1877, and was scalded to death. Geo. H. Althouse, who
settled in Caradoc in 1852, was killed on the Hillsborough and Forest
road in August, 1880. It appears his horses and wagon fell into a
ravine, carrying the deceased to his end. On September 14, 1881,
Robert Heatley, of Caradoc, picked up some roots in the field, which he
ate. His death, from poisoning, occurred within an hour. Wm. Pad-
di.son, of Caradoc, discouraged and di.sapfx)inted, committed suicide by
hanging in December, 1881. He was 56 years old, and a member of
a wealthy English family. John Graham, of Caradoc, was killed by an
express train one mile east of Strathroy depot.

Mount Brydges dates back to 18r)4-5. In 1857 it claimed a
population of 180, including the following-named traders and profes-
sional men : — G. H. Althouse, general store ; Henry Bork, .saloonkeeper ;
T. H. Bateman, general storekeeper and councillor ; J. W. Emmerson,
steam saw mill ; J. W. Frazer, cabinetmaker ; Charles Gillam, black-
smith ; .loseph Hogg, saddler and harness-maker; liev. T. S. Howard,
Wesleyan ( hurch ; Samuel Humphrey, wagon-maker; (i, Y. Mutton,
insurance agent; Elijah Lee, carpenter and joiner; G. W. Lenon,
saloonkeeper; Edward Mihell,jr., postmaster; Wm. Moore, innkeeper ;
William Morrison, shoemaker ; S. Near, innkeeper ; Charles Northon,
blacksmith; William Quick, blacksmith; C. W. Kobertson, tailor;
John Smith, geiieral store ; J. H. Thomas, lumber merchant ; Richard
Webb, J. P. , station master.

In 1845 Rev. R. Flood was pastor of Caradoc. In 1850 Rev. G.
A. Anderson was his a.ssistant minister, the former residing at Christ
Church, Delaware, and the latter at Caradoc Academy. Among the
early members were the liurwells, Batemans and the Coxes. The
Memorial Church, referred to jireviously, belonged to Delaware parish
in 1882, Rev. C. D. Martin being minister. In 1882, Rev. J. Holmes
was jmstor.

The Masonic circle is well attended, and the lodge is among the
most prosperous in the county.

The Methodist Circuit of Mount Brydges was set off from Strathroy,
in 1856, when Thomas S. Howard was appointed to preside over a
Chiu'ch of thirty-three members. The ministers succeeding him arc
named as follows : — William Savage, 1857-8, with Thomas Brock ,
Thomas Atkiu.son, 1859-60, with M. A. Rice and Hall Christopherson ;
Edward Craig, 1861-2 ; George Kennedv, 18()3-5 ; John Hough,
■866-7 ; James Keiniedy, 1868-70 ; Henry Reid, 1871 ; William
Chapman, 1872-3. After the union, in 1874, R. E. Tupper was pastor.
Alfred L Russell succeeded bin; in 1 875, and George Jackson followed
him in 1878, serving until 1880. Edwin Holmes, 1881-2, and John
L. Kerr, 1883-4. After the union of 1884, the Methodist Society dis-
appeared, having been merged into the Metiiodist Church of Canada.
Mount Olivet church, one mile west of Mount Brydges, was built for
the Methodist Episcopal Society in 1868. The church known as

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

47/

Mount Zion, iu Caradoc, opposite Delaware, was built in 1869 for the
same denomination. The new Methodist Church building on Lot I,
Con. 9, Caradoc, was dedicated November 16, 1877, by Rev. S. G.
Stone, Rev. S. Card, and Rev. D. Williams.

The Baptist Church, of Caradoc, is modern when compared with
the pioneer societies of Lobo and London townships. A frame build-
ing was erected by the Baptist society of Mt. Brydges in 1867. This
building was restored in 1880, and reopened July 11, that year. Zion's
Baptist Church, four miles from Strathroy, was opened September 26,
1875. The denomination does not claim a large representation in this
township (vide general history). The Catholic Church is contempor-
ary with the settlement of her first members in the township. In 1849
the names of John Horan and Bartholomew McNuUy appear on the
records. The Church here, like that at Komoka, is attended from
Strathroy. The Canada Presbyterian Church building on the eighth
line of Caradoc was erected in 187<i. This is a solid brick structure.
The villages of Melbourne, Middlemiss, and other settlements on or near
the western line of Caradoc, are mentioned iu the history of Ekfrid.

(li

476

HISTORY OF THB

CHAPTER XIX.

DELAWARE TOWNSHIP.

Delaware Township is bounded on tlie north and west by the
Thames lliver, which is also the western and northern boundary of the
Oneida Reservation, on the south-west corner of this township. Elgin
County's north line is its southern, and Westminster its eastern
boundaries. The township, in its northern sections, is watered by
Dingraan's Creek, which enters the river at Delaware Village, and
several small streams, all running toward the main river. Through
the marshes in the east half of the south half are a few canals for
drainage purposes. The Oneida country does not claim any natural
drainage beyond wh.at the Thames River affords.

In 1817 the Township of Delaware had eighteen inhabited houses,
eighty inhabitants, one church building and school, one grist and two
saw-mills. The population in 1888, based on assessors' returns, was
1,687. Heavy pine covered the banks of the river, but the lumber-
men and loggers did not take many years to transfer the pine forest to
Detroit and other towns.

The Lougwoods road may be said to have existed in the closing
years of the last century, when the first settlers of Delaware opened a
trail to McGregor's Creek, or Chatham. In 1812 the road was im-
proved by the troops, and further im])roved in 1813-4, so as to permit
the transportation of artillery and military stores, as a continuation of
the Commissioners' Road. The road from Five Stakes, or Talbotville,
was also opened north through Westminster, and, in 1832, the Egie-
mont road through Lobo and Adelaide, while the Canada Company
opened one through London, Biddulph and McGillivray to Goderich.

In 1793, Governor Simcoe granted to Ebenezer Allen, for duty in
the Indian department during the revolution, 2,200 acres in this
vicinity. Before the beginning of the century he sold the lot for
£3,000. Ebenezer Allen, with his sons, Ethan (the only educated one),
Gregory, William and Iia, were the first settlers. He was heard of
first among the Mohawk Indians, and built the first mill at Rochester,
N. Y., at the Falls. During the Revolution he was a general plun-
derer against Americans and Loyalists taking refuge from justice among
the Tribes, from which fact the name Indian Allen was bestowed upon
him. In 1783 he came to Canada, and in 1793 was granted lands by
Governor Simcoe, on condition that he would build a grist and saw-
mill on Dingman at its junction with the Thames (Delaware Town-
ship). The mills were to be his own property ; but tlie church build-
ing and glebe lands, also to be built and granted by him, were to form
a part of the Government's property. During the erection of the
buildings — 1797 to 1807 — he ran short of money, and began counter-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

477

feiting, for wliich crime lie was anested, and sentenced to a term in
the prison at Long Point. On his return from prison he com])leted
the buildings, which v/ere standing in 1822-3 when Robert Summers
visited the local'ty for the first time. The church building rotted away,
while the mills were burned. Allen died in l(S16, and was buried en
the north side of the Thames, opposite Daniel Springer's old house,
west of the Komoka and Delaware bridge. Ebenezer had two white
wives and two squaw wives. The latter never came to Canada, as he
threatened to kill them should they present themselves here. Two of
their daughters, however, came. One was the wife of Mathias (!row,
said to be a fairly educated woman, while the other squaw daughter
married Joseph Cooper, of Caradoc, the shingle-maker. A daughter of
this Miss Allen and Crow — Magdaline Crow — now resides at Komoka.
His white wives, with whom he lived at the same time at Delaware,
resided here some years after his death. In 1S20, white wife No. 1
and her son Ethan removed to the Allen settlement, Western New
York. They stopped it llobert Summer's house, in Westminster, to
have dinner, on their route, while Nancy, her daughter, Ira, Ebenezer
and William, her other sons, remained at Delaware. Nancy was a
robust girl, but looked weather-beaten. The last known of her was
when she stole a horse, and was ])ursued to the head of Lake St. Clair,
where she was cornered. She plunged the horse into the river, swam
to the nearest island, and thence to the Michigan shore, where she was
lost track of.

Ebenezer Allen, jr., like his sister, was a horse-thief of no mean
ability. He was captured at Long Point and placed in jail. On one
occasion, in 1824, he was before Capt. Matthews and others at Trow-
bridge's tavern in Westminster, when he and Danks Kenyon were
sent up for trial. Subsequently, Ebenezer was sentenced to ue hanged
for horse-stealing. His sister, Nancy, was permitted to wait on him
until the day of liis execution by Samuel Parke. A day before the
execution, Nancy brought him a bar of iron, and induced Mrs. Parke
to take th'" prisoner a cup of tea. On the woman entering the cell,
Ebenezer struck her with this iron, cutting a deep gash in her head
and leaving her in.sensible. As soon as he emerged from the jail he
found two friends well mounted, with a thiitl horse ready for the
prisoner. On going some distance they left their horses in the bush
and hid in a hay-mow until the sesvrch Wivs given up, when he man-
aged to leave the country. White wife No. 2, Marilla Gregory, had
two children — Gregory and Lovina. Gregory was a horse-thief. In
1849 he set out on a journey to (.'alifornia. On the route he, it is
alleged, killed a squaw, and the Indians, looking for justice, demanded
the murderer, the penalty for refusal being the destruction of the
whole party. The little band of argonauts did not wish to be thus
done away with, and gave up Gregory, who was skinned alive by the
maddened savages. Nelson IJeaver renunnbers Gregory Allen going to
California, and in 1852 saw the man who buried him, eighty miles west

478

HrSTOUY OF THE

of Salt T^ke. The (yhief denies that it was Allen who was skinned alive,
but asserts that one man of the party met with such a fate. Lovina
was the youngest member of the whole Allen family. Nothing wk^
siihl iigainst her character, and so she was married to a tanner nsimed
Taylor, who operated Cyrenus Hall's taiuiery at Byron, until Hall,
jealous of his progress, evicted him. Taylor and wife moved to Michi-
gan, where they are still living — Lovina being the mother of the whole
settlement there.

In LSI 12 the resident land speculator, Gideon Tifl'any, arrived, and
then Daniel Springer, whose homestead was just north of the hamlet
of Delaware. In LS14, McAlvan atid Dudley Ladd arrived. Four
years before Allen's settlement, in 1797, a grant of 200 acres — Lot 15,
Concession D — was made to Thomas Sumner, and in 17'.l<H, 1,000 acres
were granted to Thomas Allison, a Captain of the 24th Regiment.
Titliany was a man who enjoyed eminently the respect of his neighbors.
His mind was of the iirst order, and his acquirements very creditable
to himself. He might have reasonably aspired to the highest honors
to be attained in the Province, but his sympathies were with the
weaker party, and he had no taste for politic 1 distinction, for his con-
nection with Governor Simcoe's newspaper at Newark seemed to have
killed his political instinct. No man possessed a greater fund of anec •
dotes and history respecting the "early time" of the village and
vicinity. He was a very agreeable conversationalist, warm hearted,
symjiathetic and liberal in his sentiments. He died early in the sixties.

Timothy and Aaron Kilbourn, whose names appear so often in the
general history, as well as in that of Westminster, were also among
the very early settlers. The principal old settlers of Delaware, who
were residents in 1880, are named as follows : — Robert Bodkin, Wm.
Bodkin, Alexander Bell, A. G. Deadman, Peter Portsmouth, in 1847 ;
William Bcgnall, in 1849 ; A. liodkin. G. W. Dorman, H. C. Garnett,
Joseph Howlett, H. Johnston, jr., E. Sparkman and Jacob Weylor, in
1848; R. B. Curling, John Forsyth, J. R. Kilbourn, J.J. Uptigrove,
and William S. Uptigrove, in 1844; John Gowanlock, W. D. Hugh
son, in 1841 ; R. C. Hammond, in 1842 ; Francis Jarvis, in 1840 ;
William James, 1832; John Johnston, Berley Kilbourn, in IS.'IT ; H.
Rawlings, 18.S.S ; A. Seabrook, 1885; E. Willsie, l8o6 ; and John
Sutherland in 1820.

Among the first references to the London District — for there was
not even the village of London at that time — was an order issued by
the representative of George the Third in Canada, in 1810, to the eM'ect
that Caleb Hagen was to make an assessment of Delaware and Norris,
and receive for his services the enormous sum of £2 lOs. Delaware
is first mentioned in the transactions of the Quarter Sessions Court,
June 14, 1814. Dorchester also finds mention, and the coastables of
both townships were, Benjamin Schram, John Hefith, and Gilbert Harris.
On December 26, 1814, ofiicers were appointed for Delaware Township
as follows : — George Reynolds, clerk ; Adolphus P>ostwick and Arch.

COUNTV OF MIDDLESEX.

479

McMillan, assessors ; Sylvenus Reynolds, collector ; Gideon Tiffany,
Nathan Fairchild and William Schrain, overseers of I'oads ; John
Dingman, town warden ; John Odell, constable ; and James Choat,
pound-keeper.

In June, 1815, Joseph Flanagan was appointed constable of Dela-
ware, and Timothy Kilbourn, of Dorchester and Westminster. In
1816, Riley Wells and Joseph Flanagan were constables for Delaware
and Westminster. In July of this year the widows of Samuel Wil-
son and George Fisher were sold to the lowest bidders. They were
evidently poor women, and this was the summary method of their dis-
posal. The question of asse.ssment was fully revived in October, 1816,
so that the as.sossment of Delaware for 1811 was ordered to be based
on that of 1810, and that of 1814 on the roll of 1813. (.'aleb Hagen
was allowed £2 10s. for making the a.sessment of Delaware for 1810
and 1811, and for Norwich for 1812. In .;uly, 1817, Jo.shua Myers
was appointed con,stable of Delaware, and Edward Teeple, of West-
minster. This Myers was mail carrier, and a son-in-law of Springer's.
In 1818, Thomas Marr and Riley Wells were constables of Westmin-
ster, and Ben. WoodhuU, of Delaware. On April 13, 1819, Helah
Breaster, or Brewster, of Delaware, was granted a tavern license. The
first meeting of the inhabitants of Delaware was held Jan 7, 1833,
when Asahel Beach was elected clerk ; Wm. Rawlings and Ferdinand
l)urand, assessors ; Horace Kilbourn, H. Durand, and Andrew Mar-
tin, overseers of highways; Timothy Kilbourn and Wra. V. Bullen,
wardens ; Harvej' Kilbourn and Simeon Bullen, pound-keepers In
1834, John Hart was clerk ; John John.son and J. Rawlings, assessors ;
Alvaro Ladd, collector; John Woodhull, Otis Till'any, and Andrew
Martin, pathmasters ; Joe Rawlings, pound-keeper ; Fred Tiffany and
John G. Wells, church-wardens. In 18:5."), Alvaro Ladd was clerk and
collector; S. Bullen and Jonathan Miller, church- wardens ; Samuel
Stephens, Gideon Tiffany, and John Johnston, fence-viewers.

In 183(1, John Johnston, Gideon Till'any and Francis Carey were
commissioners, the new title taking the i)lace of churcli- warden ; John
Woodhull was collector, and David Johnston, assessor. In this year a
petition to the magistrates asked for funds to aid in re])airing the Ijridge
on the main road. The meeting was held at Zadoc Martin's inn. In
18.37, the meeting was held at Henry Lull's inn. Dudley Ladd,
Henry Johnston and Josiah Woodhull were commissioners ; Otis
Tiffany, assessor, and John Stephens, collector. In 1838, John John-
ston was chosen clerk ; Richard Springer, assessor ; W. F. Bullen, F.
K. Carey and Henry Johnston, town-wardens. In 1839, David John-
ston was assessor and John Woodhull collector. Timothy Kilbourn,
Dudley Ladd and Josiah Woodhull being wardens. In 1840, Chris-
topher Davidson was assessor, and Josepli Rawlings, collector ; Richard
Webb was chairman, a position which he held for some years prior to
this date, while H. Johnston, D. Ladd and Jonathan Miller were town-
wardens. In 1841, Henry Johnston was assessor, and W. F. Bullen,

480

HISTOKY OF THE

B. B. Bingham and Wra. Grant, town-wardens. The exjienditiires of
the township amounted to £27 10s. In 1842 the meeting was held at
Acres's tavern, Richard Webb presiding. The officers of 1841 were, as
a rule, re-olocted, with Jo.siah Uustin, R. Webb, John Johnston, Gilbert
Harris, jun., and W. F. BuUeu, school commissioners. The expendi-
tures amounted to £10 18s. 7d. John Johnston served as clerk until
1873. In January of that year, Benjamin Paine was appointed. In
.January, 1874, I'obert Bodkin, tlie present clerk, was appointed.
William Harris is the present assessor, succeeding Emanuel Wonna-
cott, who succeeded Benjamin Paine. Gilbert Harris, jun., was, for a
number of years, assessor in the old board. The present collector is
Joseph Howlett.

In December, 1871, a petition was addressed to the Ontario Legis-
lature by the Middlesex Council, asking that the Township of Dela-
ware be detached from the west and attached to the east riding, the
distance of the Glencoe registry office being one of the reasons
suggested.

In 1819, Nelson Beaver's father died, and the same year his mother
was killed at the door of her wigwam, at Delaware, (next the river, on
S. Seabrooke's farm) by her eldest son. This son killed himself about
1827 during a row with the teacher. In 182i) or 1830, William Allen
was shot by one Underwood in the swamp between Caradoc and Lobo.
It appears that Allen and William Vanmur stole a horse from Peter
McNames, of Brick street, and were pursued, when Underwood fired
and killed the horse-thief, leaving Vanmur to escape. At this time a
great number of horse and cattle thieves existed in Delaware, and in
later years some desperate characters resided there. George Moore
and John Jones Huntley were coroners in 1830-7, and reported eight
inquests, one being on the body of an unknown man in Delaware.

On easter-day, 1844, the freshet carried away the bridge at Dela-
ware. On that morning, also, the minister and a number of his follow-
ers attempted to cross from Caradoc in a scow, but it capsizing, all
were cast into the rapid stream. The ice-water soon so benumbed two
of the number, they fell into the stream and were drowned ; but to-
ward evening Fred. Tiffany and others rescued the freezing survivors,
among them the Indian, Half- moon. It is related by some old settlers
that the minister cast oil' the drowning men from the boat.

The trial of Thomas Jones, of Delaware, for the murder of his
niece, Mary Jones, June 11, 1868, took place in October, 1868, before
Justice Adam Wilson. He sentenced Jones to be hanged on December
15, and his daughter, Elizabeth Jones, to ten years in the Provincial
penitentiary. On December 11, the execution was postponed to
December 29. This murderer was hanged on that day on the spot
where the Patriots of 1837 were legally executed. A son of Mr.
Spencer, the brewer, was drowned in the Thames at Delaware in
August, 1874. Two brothers named Deadman, were drowned in the
Thames below Delaware in March, 1877. One brother was drowned

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

481

in the Thames. ' ^"^o^ned m June, 1882, while bathing

l! ■ I

482

HISTOKY OF THE

CHAPTER XX.

DELAWAUK VILI.AGK.

Delaware Village and neighborhood may be jnstly called the site
of the ])arent settlements of this county, for hen^ the fir&'t immi,i,'rant3
pitched their tents, and hert; the first material improvements were
made, while for many years the centre of trade was here. When the
pioneers, for the first time, came to the old cami)ing grounds of Hurons
or Mississaugas, there was spread out before them, as far as the eye
could reach, one of nature's most beautiful jjanoramas.

About 1798, the land on which iJelaware Village stands was
patented to Ronald McDonald. He sold the tract to Dr. Oliver Tif-
fany, under whose instructions the old village (now out of existence)
was planned by Gideon Titlany, his brother. In liS:!2, the ]iresent
village was established, near the ruins of the old one, Henry Hawlings
building the first house that year — the same in which he carried on the
hotel business for several years, and even in modern times is known
as the Western Hotel, standing on the south side of the Commis-
sioner's Road. In the latter part of 1S25 a post otlice was established
at Delaware, in charge of Ji. 11 Brigham, who often had to collect from
his neighbors a postal fee of six shillings and threepence on a letter
from England or Ireland.

Delaware was a rival of London, and at that time bid fair to ont-
do that town in essential prosperity. The commissioners who were
appointed to select a site for the county buildings actually entered into
negotiations with the land-owners upon the subject. But the bare idea
of the contingency of Delaware becoming a city so elated the property-
holder.s, and excited to such a degree their organ of acquisitiveness,
that the commissioners could not agree with them upon any reasonable
terms. It would have been for the real intcnest of the parties here to
have given a portion of their land for parks, squares, and for piiblic
purposes generally. This was the best and last opportunity the village
had to aspire to greatness.

A description of the village as it appeared in 1851 is given as fol-
lows : — " The soil on which the village is built is a sandy loam, dry and
healthy ; very excellent water is obtained at the dejith of ten feet.
Village lots are worth from ten to twenty pounds currency ; wild land
in the vicinity sells at from $5 to $7 an acre ; cultivated land is worth
from $12 to $20 an acre ; while the Delaware flats are of great ferti-
lity and worth from $:iO to S40 an acre. There is a very fine bridge
over the Thames, nine hundred feet in length, which was built at an
expense of So.OOO. The population is about two hundred. There is
a Church of England, and a regular service of the Wesleyan Metho-
dists ; a public school, taught by Joseph J. Lancaster ; two physicians.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

48»

George Billiiigton and Alnuhiun Francis. On Dinginan's Cn^ek, which
empties into the Thames at tliis ])lace, are a jurist-mill for custom work,
with two run of stone, and a saw-mill, owned by S. Bullen, and car-
ried on by John Kelly. There are four ilry goods stores, by .John
Drake, Lawson & Ladd, S. M. Fowle, and Henry Cassidy ; two grocer-
ies, by Aaron (Iregory and Stephen li. Green; one wagon-maker's and
blacksmith shop, by .John Sanders ; one painter and chair-maker,
Wm. Hazelton ; two cabinet-makers, John Malloch and Henry Acres;
two tailors, A. Scott and Wm. Kussell ; four boot and shoemakers,
Charles Peacock, Wm. Grant, Benjamin I'aiiie, and Thomas liandall ;
one harness, saddle and trunk-maker, Charles S. Harris. There are
two hotels, the Delaware House, with a livery stable attached, by Wm,
A. Warren, and the Delaware Stage Hou.se, sign of the Queen's Arms,
by Alfred Montgomery."

In 1h57 the ])(i]>uIation was 2.")0. The business circle comprised : —
.Joseph Abbott, shoemaker; James Allen, stage jiroprietor; (Jeorge
Billington. M. D. ; John S. Branston, jn'ovision dealer; William F.
Bullen, jr., dealer in dry goods, hardware, groceries, produce, etc., etc. »
William F. Bullen, sr., clerk of 4th Division Court; A. W. Deadman,
watchmaker ; >Ienry Deadman, teacher in Pine Hill Academy ; Mrs.
Docherty, dres.smaker; Mi.ss S. Dowling, dressmaker; Dutton & Hey-
ward, general dealers ; Itev. llichard Flood, M. A., rector, Church of
England; E. Gregory, shoemaker; Hall & Ross, shingle and sash-
factory ; C. S. Harris, luojnietor of Western Hotel ; John Harvey,
pottery ; Friend Hilton, shoemaker ; J. & F. Jackson, carriage- makers ;
Lawson & Ladd, general dealers ; — Lyman, teacher in conmiou
school; Phillip Alackay, general dealer ; John ^[alloch, cabinet-maker ;
Thomas Miller, car|)enter; Benjamin Payne, bailiU'of Division Court;
Charles Peacock, shoemaker ; Henry Eawlings, librarian ; Jo.seph Ris-
den, butcher ; Andrew Robertson, clothier and tailor ; William F.
Rogers, airpenter ; Lewis Sanagan, cooper ; William Sowell, general
dealer; Benjamin Sjainger, .1. P., provincial land surveyor; Thomas
Stoddai-d, baker; Dean Tillany, .saw-mill; ^I. ^L Titlany, harness-
maker; Otis Titl'any, carpenter; S. ^I. Towle, postmaster and general
dealer; Lsaac Vail, brickrnaker; John Vad, grocer; T. C. Waring,
insurance agent; II. .1. Webber, proprieter of Queen's Arms Hotel;
Adam Wilson, saw-mill ; George Wilson, blacksmith.

In 1.SG',) there were fifty houses, three stores, two hotels, several
shops of the dillerent trades, a substantial brick school-house, a town
hall, post-oHice, a Presbyterian Church, and an Episcopal Church.

The Delaware fire of May 28, IHiSo, destroyed the Western Hotel,
barns, five horses, and the Masonic Hall. F, Jarvis, owner of the
hotel, lost about $5,000, while the loss on the Masonic Hall was about
$1,000.

Delaware, in 188S, claimed .'iOO inhabitants. David Lawson was
postmaster. Robert liodkin, W. H. Kipp and Albion Parfitt were
general merchants; D. Lamont and W. Whitaker, harness-makers; H.

484

HI8T0KY OF THK

Harw()f)(l, baker; F C. .larvia, lu)t«l-k(M!por ; L. Taylor, S. Lowis, Hay
& Mol'horson, blacksmitlis ; Akix. McLaren and F. H. Mitchell,
physicians. The manufacturinj,' intere.sta of the villa>;e are represented
by tlie Cheese Mannfactnrinj^ (J(imj)any, .Fohn Ackland's nourin<{-mill,
K. Elsie's cooperage, S. Erchenberger'a pottery, and .fames Monteith's
carriage shop.

KilivoHh is on the south side of the Thames, nine miles below
Ix)ndon. The Woodhull settlement dates back to YTJA — the pioneer
Woodhull moving from York Statfl at that time, and settling here ;
Charles A., who died February 27, ISSI, was born sixty-two and
a-half years before. A description of the hamlet, in 1851, is as fol-
lows : — '• There are about two hundred inhabitants in the place. There
is a Wesleyan Methodist ('hai)el and regular service is hekl by the
Episcopal Methodists in the j)lace. There are a ladies' select school and
a j)ublic school, the latter tivught by Mr. McCall ; a physician, Dr.
William H. De la Hooke. A regular session of the Division Court is
held here. There is a division of the Sons of Temperance, numbering
112 members; a section of Cadets, numbering thirty-five members;
and a union of the Daugiiters of Temperance has lately been estab-
li.shed, which now numbers twenty-six members. A post-offioe has
lately been established ; Charles Cook is the postmaster. The line of
the Great Western Itailroad passes near this place ; a depot or stop-
ping place is expected to be established near here. The Thames is
very rapid at this place, furnishing fine hydraulic pi'ivileges. Then* is
now a wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment on the Thames,
owned by Comfort & Co. ; a turning and cabinet-making establishment
now in operation, and a saw-mill building on Huif's creek, by Wra.
E. Huff. There are two dry goods stores, one by Charles Cook, the
other by Samuel Drake ; one tannery, by llyman & Kedmond ; two
saddle, trunk and harness-makers, John Ogden and Alanson Herring-
ton ; one boot, shoe and leather store, by Alexander Forsyth ; two
other boot and shoe shops, by R. I*. Simmons and Wm. Hodgeman ;
one cooper, D. A. Peck; one distillery and malt-house, by Francis
Jarvis ; one tailor, A. Mudgeley ; two cabinet-makers, Uurns & Craig,
and W. E. Hull'. On the opposite side of the river, on Springer's
Creek, are a grist-mill, with three run of stone, a saw-mill, two carding
machines and a fulling-mill, owned by Benjamin Woodhull. There is
a fall of twenty-eight feet on this creek. There are two hotels, the
British American, where the Division Court is held, kept by Wm
G. M inter, and the Kil worth Hotel, by Edmund Kussell."

In January, 18r)2, a suspension arch bridge was erected at this
point by Robert Griffith. This structure was 225 feet long between
abutments, and cost $2,501). Griffith borrowed the idea from the
Americans, and said a great deal for his structure, writing to railroad
engineers and county councils recommending his plans.

Kilworth in 18;")? was the site of John WoodhuU's grist-mill,
Strong's saw-mill and J. C. Comfort's carding machine. John Brown
was postmaster.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

48f)

Oiurchea. — A reference to the sketch of the Allen family will
point out the bef^inniiif,' of the Knj,'lish Church in Middlesex in 17'.*7.
The old church of Delaware, erect(!d about 1(SM4, was razed in Septem-
ber, l.S(S4, to give place to the new Christ Church, the corner-stone of
which was placed Sejjtember S. Of the old church, liev. It. Flood was
rector for many years, and Canon Newman for fourteen years.

Christ Church at Delaware in 1H.5.S was presided over by Ilev. R.
Flood. Amonp the members named on a list of that year, were : —
W. W. Jell, W. Livingstone, \i. Price, the Johnstoncs, Gowanlocks,
Wallises, Pattensons, Andereons, Seabrooks, Bullens, Burwells, Robin-
sons, Garnetts, Hammonds, Brantons, Jett'ers, Curlings, Carrutherse.s
and Fairchilds. The Koijioka mission was included in Delawaie
parish. In IcSO'), Uev. E. E. Newman was ap|X)inted; Rev. C. D,
Martin, LSHO, and Rev. J. ilolraes, I8S2, who also attended the church
at Mt. Brydges.

The Wealeyan Church on Muncey Road was opened July 5, 1«(J,S.
The cost of the building, outside the land, was 18524.

The church of the South Delaware Presbyterian Society was dedi-
cated November 1(1, 187.S, by Rev. R. Scobee.

The Methodist Church building of South Delaware was dedicated
September 21, 1<S79. The building, of white brick, ;i0x40 feet, was
erected by Hearn & Bates, of St. Thomas, with McRoberts, carpenter,
and Simpson, jminter.

Delaware Valley Lodge, 25(S, A. F. & A. M., was chartered by the
Grand Lodge of Canada, September 13, 1877. The past masters are
named as follows : — Alexander McLaren, 1.S7T-8 ; John Fitzallen,
1871); Edwai-d G. Hacker, 1880; J. F. H. Bullen, 1881 ; Alexander
McQueen, 1882 ; John Fitzallen, 1883 ; Henry Lockwood, 1884-5 ;
W. A. Guest, 1886 ; John D. Reily, 1887.

486

HISTORY OF THE

CHAl'TKIl XXI.

DOUCHKSTEU TOWNSHIP.

Dorchester North is bounded on the south by Elgin (Jounty, north
by Nissouri Township, east by Oxford County, and w(!st by West-
minster and liondon To\vnshii)s. The name dates from tlie division of
the original township, as stated in the chapter devoted to transactions
of the county authorities. In IcSSiS there were 51,3'.>1 acres assessed,
10,107 acres of woodland, 1,050 swamp or waste lands, and 489 acres
of orchards. The value of real estate was Sl,()6N,98u, and, of personal
]iroperty, S71,4ri0. The population was placed at 3,403. The number
of births was 270, and of deaths, 45.

The south bran^jh of the Thames enters at a point north-east of
I'utnamville, and, flowing we.stwardly, leaves the township at tlie
south-east corner of London Township. Several creeks, such as
Iteynolds's, Dingman's and Caddy's Creeks, nearly all tributaries of tlie
Thames, rise north and south of the river, while Kettle Creek may
claim to have its headwaters here, the stream assuming river shape at
IJelmont, in the south west corner. In Concessions 1, 2, 3, and G, are
several large ponds. South of Dorchester Station an artificial expansioti
of the creek for mill-dam jiurposes exists, and near the line of London
Township a few small ponds are found.

The township was organized at an early date and officers appointed
by the Quarter Sessions Court. As the story of this organization has
ah'eady been told in the general history, and some references made to
it in the sketches of Delaware and Westminster townships, we will
take the only records now known of in the clerk's office, for its organic
history from 1850 to the present time. The fir.st record is dated Jan-
uary 21, 1850. At the meeting of that date, Wm. Niles Wi;s chosen
reeve, and Jacob Cline, deputy ; (). ]\I. May bee, clerk ; John Wismer,
assessor for South Dorchester ; Wellington Grouse, for North Dorches-
ter ; John Howe, collector ; Robert Southerland, auditor ; Joshua I'ut-
nam, treasurer ; Edward Shepherd, school su])erintendent ; Wm. Mc-
Clary, road surveyor. The Council comprised the reeve and deputy,
with William H. Nilcs, John McArthur, Edward Dundas, and Robert
Craik. In March this Council approved of the north-west corner of
Lot 12, Concession 15, South Dorchester, as the site of the new school-
house. Wm. Marsh was granteil .C2 for assessing the township in
1849, and by-laws No. 1 to 7 inclusive, were signed.

In May, 1850, the township seal was adopted, the words " Industry,
Dorchester Municipality," being the motto suggested by W. H. Niles.
In 1851 the council comprised John Gregory, John McArthur, John
English and Robert Craik, with A. J. Armstrong, clerk. In December

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

487

the cov'.iicil petitiono'l the Legislature to re-attach that portion of the
township attached t^'North Oxford. The minutes of this meeting are
signed by A. J. Ari;i.':trong, clerk. In May, l(Sr)2, a petition to the
Legislature, asking for the prohibition and manufacture of spirituous
li(luors, was signed by the reeve, Robert Craik, J. Abraham, J. Eng-
lish and B. Demaray. In l<sr)3-4, Henry Niles was a member of the
council, and A\'m. ^hvr.sh and 1). McKarland in the latter year, and in
1865 Robert Dreaney, D. ]\IcFarland, H. Demaray, W. .Marsh and R,
Craik formed the council. VV. T. Cartwright resigned his oflice of
librarian this year, and Lewis M. (.'rosby was ajipointed.

William H. Niles was clerk for a part of 185;>, after Maybee went
on his western trip. John ^[. Ken- signs the records as clerk in
January, 1S54 ; Joseph L Spettigue in lH~>o, anil D. Cameron and
John Cameron in 18.J6. Sam. 11. Wilson and R. M. Vaniurn were of
the council of this year. In January, 1857, D. P. Aylesworth was
appointed clerk, and has held the position down to the present time.
The members of the council for 1888 are : — James Gilmour, James
Creighton, James H. Rouse, Duncan McCallum, P. II. Richard, the
former behig reeve, with James Creighton, deputy ; William Woods,
A. A. Urodie and Richard Venning, members of board of health ;
Reuben Lane, assessor and collector, and J. B. Lane, treasurer.

By-law, No. 157, provided for the deepening of Reynolds's Creek,
from the Dereham line to the Thames, was approved September 2,
1872. The direct tax fell on twenty-three owners, owning 888 acres,
and assessed So,'.)'.Ui, while 288 acres of town.ship land benefited were
assessed 8(104. This public work was surveyed by W. McMillan.

The townshij) was first settled by refugees from New York and
Vermont. In the general chapter on early settlement, the grant of
5,0(10 acres to William Reynolds is described, and the history of his
occu])ation in 17'.'4-r) briefly related. Among the pioneers who came
in afterwards were Wm. Reynolds, jr., Sylvaiuis Reynolds, Abram
CaiToll, who, in 1820-7, built a log house on Dundas street, London;
Patrick Heron and Henry Scramblin, the early pathraasters ; James
Choate, Peter Slaight, Abram Kilbourn, Seth, Joshua, Thomas and
William Putnam, and Jacob ("ooley.

William Reynolds, who was in Dorchester in 1801 or 1802, in his
afiiilavit, made before Samuel Peters, P. L. S., December 11, 1858,
while he was a resident of West Oxford, says that he ftime to live on
Lot 20, Con. A, North Dorchester, south of the Thames, fifty-six or
fifty-seven years prior to the date of the afiiilavit, aiiil remembered the
old surveyor's post in the cedar swamp between Cons. A & B, Lots 20
and 21 ; and also u post on the bank of the river, between Lots 19 and
20, where a grove of wild ])lum trees was standing in 1858. For fifty
years, from 1808, he was absent from Dorchester and a resident of
Oxford West, and it was not until December 0, 1858, that he revisited
his old home, and then came with Albert Burdick to point out the
places he knew. In 1801 or 1802 this William Reynolds was assisted

Iff

'NT

m'i\

ti'i

488

HISTORY OF THE

in coining to the township by his fatlier-in-law, Justus Stevens, and
not by Samuel Sage, as the, latter a^-el•ted. Old Mr. Sage mowed grass
by the acre near Dorchester Station when 104 years old. He was paid
a small sum per acre, got his board, and one (;[uart of whisky per day.

Sylvanus Reynolds's fatlier owned a mill on Lot 18 or 19, Con-
cession A, in 1810, for in that year William McC^lary fin(is liis mill-
pond marked on Hanibley's chart of IN 10. Later, William Putnam
built a saw-mill at Putnamville on Reynolds's Creek, and in 1818 he
had a saw and grist-mill on Caddy's Creek. Two years later, William
Niles came from Detroit to ])urchase lumber for Gen. Cass, at this
mill. After delivering this lumber at Detroit, he returned to Dorches-
ter, where he manied Miss Dygart, sister-in-law of Wm. Putnam.

The first and second concessions of South Dorchester were survey-
ed in 17'.)o by Surveyor Jones. Surveyor Hambley surveyed north of
the river in lT'.);v4, and south of the river in 1810. In April, 18:>1, a
road from Joshua Putnam's house in Dorchester, to Dundas street in
London, was reported.

Thomas Putnam, son of Seth Putnam, who died March 25, 1880,
at Hamilton, was born in Dorchester Township in 1804. During the
troubles of 1837-8 he sympathized with the advocates of Responsible
Government, but escaped the fate which waited on many of his
friends. William Putnam served in the troubles of 1837-8. He
went to Detroit just before the trouble, and organized a small force
with which he re-entered Canada. In the battle of Windsor, he was
killed, his son Henry escaped, while Ejiliraim, a mere boy, came after
his father and stood by him until the latter was killed by the regulars,
when he escaped by crossing the swift Detroit river on floating ice.
George, a nephew of William, was made prisoner and imprisoned at
London. He is now living in Iowa.

Robert Craik settled on Lot 6, Concession 2, North Dorchester, in
1837 ; was forced to serve against the Patriots that year. Arthur
Thompson, of Fermanagh County, Ireland, came to Canada early in the
twenties, and settled near London, when there was not a tree cut on
the site of London. The family moved to Dorchester some time in
the fifties, where William, his son, purchased a farm near the West-
minster line, and with him his father resided until his death, about
twelve years ago. This pioneer was then in his ninety-third year.

Among the leading residents of Dorchester in l(S78-80 were the
following-named old settlers : — L. iiarnard and Dan. McCallum, 18.30 ;
Wm. T. Cartwright, 1828, mill-owner in 1878; Mary Connor, 1831;
Henrv Reynolds. 1834; Jacob Smith, 1835; Alfred Smith, 1830 ;
Wm.'York and W. G. Banks, 1841; W. S. Niles, 1840; Duncaii Mc-
Lachlan and Jolin Choate, 1839 ; James Ross, James Temple, James
McCallum, James B. Lane, Alex. Johnston, and Arch. Black, 1844 ;
R. Allison, J. J. Small and John Atkin.s, 1843 ; Wm. Thompsfm, 1842.
Put)iamville and neighborhood in 1888 claimed 175 inhabitants.
Ronald McKenzie was postmaster, and he with W. Harding were

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

489

I m

general merchants ; John Dougherty, hotel proprietor ; C. McGee,
harness-maker ; H Hannan and S. Bennett, carriage-builders ; J. Dun-
das and J. Kussell, blacksmiths ; J. J. Murphy, railroad agent ; James
Craig, agricultural implements ; and John Stewart, proprietor of flour-
ing-mills. Abraham ("amfield, of Oxford East, who in 1831 was
gi'anted a tavein license, kept the first school at Putnamville. Wm.
Putnam, son of Seth Putnam, built the first saw-mill at Putnamville
on tlie creek known as Reynolds's Creek. He sold the mill to Abrara
Carroll and Gardner Myrick, and built a sawmill and grist-mill on the
north side of the River Thames. On a creek now known as Caddy's
Creek, he had two brothers, .loshua and Thomas, who were also in
business. J")orcliester in those days was noted for pine and cedar
timber : a large growth of pine lumber was then made and rafted down
the river to Chatham and Detroit before the ])ine of Michigan was
available. The otily settlement made then in the township was along
the road now' known as the London and Hamilton road. In 1877,
Rev. T. Broad was assigned to the new Bible Christian Mission of
Putnamville, and served until the union of the Methodist Churches.

Hari-ictHville in 1880 claimed a population of 150. S. Adams was
postmaster, and he with J. Orser were general merchants. The
Canada Cheese Company and Robert Facey were cheese manufac-
turers ; H. Morrison, boots and shoes ; R. Thomas and R. Johnston,
carriage-builders; George Davidson, hotel proprietor; ^Irs. Dundass
and Miss Brice, dress-makers; E. Lewis, blacksmith; J. Fallie and J,
Groat, butchers ; John Simpson, tailor ; M. Pecnnear, E. Pickard and
Francis Savene, carpenters. Harrietsville in IH.")? contained a popu-
lation of 100. The business circle compri,sed James Herford, R. S.
Mann and John McDonald, merchants ; Edward Barnes, shoemaker;
M. Morrice, cabinet-maker ; John F'owler, blacksmith ; Jonathan
Thornton, carpenter ; D. L. Demorest, postmaster and saw-mill owner.
Peter Imley, miller; George Grigg, innkeeper: Rev. W. Meldrum,
of the Free Church, and H. Jackson, of Wesleyan.

Major McMillan, born in Ireland in 1815, came to Canada in
1833; served during the rebellion, and, in 1847, settled at Harriets-
ville. In 185G he was appointed postmaster there ; in 1863, raised
the Harrietsville militia company, which he commanded during the
Fenian invasion; and in 1878 was commissioned major, which position
he held until his death, in October, 1885, at Ingersoll. So important
did this militia circle become, that the government authorized the drill-
shed and armory to be erected on Lot 12, Con. 5, 1808.

Mollat Lodge, 3119, A. F & A. M., was celebrated July 1, 1882,
with F. Kunz, master. J. J. Jelly was master in 1883-4, succeeded
by Robert Facey, who, in 188H, gave place to Richard Thomas.

The English Church of St. John, at Harrietsville, was presided
over in 1861-2 by Mr. Des Barres, of Dorchester Station. Among the
members were the Creamers, Evans, John McMil' Richard Tooley
and family, the Parslows, Dunlevera and Odells ■ 1865 this is

490

HISTORY OF THE

called Christ Church, and Rev. J. AV. P. Smith is in charge. Rev. J.
L, Hanson was appointed in IS71 ; Rev. ¥. W. Raikes in 187.i ; Rev.
P. E. Hyland, 1877; Rev. L. Fortiii, 1880. In 188;"). Rev. Charles
Miles was appointed in charge of Belmont, Dorchester Station and
Harrietsville.

Belmont in 1880 claimed a population of ')()(). W. H. Odell was
postmaster. The business interests of the village were represented by
Odell & A\'atcher, Wm. Dyer, D. McKellar & Son, and W. T. Nugent,
general dealers ; J. B. Cam])bell, druggist; Joseph Potts, hardware;
T. Bond, furniture ; John Campbell and S. Hull, harness ; Allison &
McDonald, bankers; James Kindree, baker; -Fohn Charles and T,
Mapson, hotels ; J. C. Cariothers, O. Doan and D. Smith, shoemakers ;
D. R Dibb and J. Kernott, butchers ; A. Abbott and R. Fonger,
blacksmiths; J. McGrath, merchant tailor; Misses McPhail, Marshall
and Elliott, dressmakers and milliners ; Orrel Dyer, broker ; Thomas
Arkell and John McNicol, produce dealers; Dr. C. B. Spencer was
physician ; J. M. Cani])bell, surgeon. The manufacturing interests
claimed Evans & Fitz])atrick's cheese fiictory, A. Kellar's wagon-shop.
Smith Bros.' flax-mill, and Peter Sinclair's hay-fork-factory. E. Eddy
had a printing ofiice here in this year. Adam Allison's bank was
established in 1881, when he arrived to take charge of the Canada
Southern Comjiany's office there, William H. Odell has been post-
master at Belmont for over twenty years ; has been in the county
council for some years, and for a long time has been a merchant here.
John G. Odell opened the first hotel at Belmont, which he conducted
until 1856 ; was also merchant there, and laid out the town. Robert
Creamer came to Belmont in 183") and opened a shoe store, which he
conducted until 1849. For eleven years he kept the Creamer House
there.

l>elmont formed a part of the London Wesleyan Circuit until 1853,
when it was established as a station, with Ephraim L. Koyl in charge.
In 18.54 there were 163 members, with two ministers, Richard Pheljis
and AVm. Savage, the latter serving until the close of 185(), when the
membership was 271. In 1857, John Hutchinson was appointed min-
ister, with W. W, {."larke, assistant. In 1859, George Cochran came,
assisted that year by Peter Addison, and the next by Samuel Hume.
In 1861, William Dignani was minister, with W. S. Mct'ullough and
William Tucker, assistants ; while Samuel Tucker served the church
from 1862 to 1864-5, with Wm. Tucker, John Russell and A. G.
Harris, assistants. Rev. plames Kennedy was appointed in 1865, and
served until the close of 18()7, when Rev. Thomas Crews succeeded
him. In 1871, Rev. Hugh McLean was api)ointed, and, in 1873,
Andrew Edwards, who served the church until the union of 1874.
Among the assistant ministers from 1865 to 1874, were W. W. Shep-
herd, Jo.seph W. Sparlii'.g, Peter W. Jones, .lames S. Ross, James
Charlton, Robert H. Hall, Austin Potter and James Watson. The
Methodist Church of Canada is the successor of the Wesleyan Church.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

491

James Watson were ministers ; in
Messrs. Godwin, Penhall and Moil,

In 1874 Andrew Edwards and

1875-7, James E. Dyer, with

assistants ; in 1878-80, David Hunt, ('. Harper, E. H. Koyl and R.

W. Scanlon, assistants ; in 1881, T. D. Pearson and T. A. Moore ;

John Kobbins. 1882-3; T. E. Holmes, 1882; Wm. Cridland, 1883;

John Robbins and John Henderson, 1884.

In 18()2, Belmont is named as a mission of St. Peter's Church, of
Dorchester Station, of which ^Ir. Des Barres was pastor. Among the
contributors to church work there were Leonard Woane, the liraddons,
Hartnesses, Beatties, Weldons, Bi'atts, Bartons, Leggs, Evanses,
Nngents, Balls, Moores, and .label House In 1871, Mr. Hanson
succeeded Mr. Smith ; in 187;!, F. W. Raikes, and, in 1877, Rev. P.
E. Hylaud. Since 1880, the ministers named in connection with the
Harrietsville Church have attended this church.

In 1844 John H, L. Askin donated thirty-five acres in Dorchester
for the uses of the English Church. During Mr. Des Barres' adminis-
tration the present building was opened.

Dorchester Station in 1888 claimed 450 inhabitants. Frank Chit-
tick, jr., was postmaster; Captick & Rossitcr, J. H. Hunt and IC.
Vincent were general merchants ; Hemy Webster, harness-maker ; W.
H. Chittick, hotelkeeper; G. W. (.'hittick and J.& D. Mclnlyre, butch-
ers ; G. Johnstone, builder. The manufacturing industries comprised :
— D. Bari'y's flouring-mill ; Neeley & Durand, agricultural implement-
factory ; Neeley & Wilson's iron pump- works ; J. McNiven's pumj)-
factory ; E. A. McCaini's and W. E. Wilson's planing-raills ; M, Tal-
lack's wagon shop ; and Shaw & Son's mattress factory.

In 1844, .lose])!! N. Hardy settled at Dorchester Station in charge
of Matthews's lumber business and store, and kept the post-office there
for about thirty years. He was the last survivor of the men who left
Ireland in the ship Brunswick for the colony of New London. His
death took place in 1884. His father settled in Nissouri in 1818.

James B. Lane, who settled at Dorchester Station in 1844, carried
thirty pounds of nails on his back from Lontlon, to use in erecting his
blacksmith shop there — the first building in the village. W. H. Niles
states that Geiner built his log hotel within forty rods of this black-
smith-shop about 1824. Pickett purchased the place and erecteil the
present frame house. This was later known as the McFarland House,
and later as the Hulfman.

When D. P. Aylsworth settled in this township (1848), there was
only one small frame house at Dorchester Station, occupied by James
Minkler, north of the river; while on the south side was Hutfn' n'.s
tavern and Cartwright's saw-mill, where the grist-mill now stanc' .

The Dorchester post-office was kept first by Joseph N. Hardy, who
held the office for many years. I. N. Burdick was tem])orary master
until Wm. Scott was appointed, who held the ])osition until 1888, when
he moved to the Unit^^d States. Frank Chittick, jr.. was appointed
postmaster early in 1888. During Scott's administration, James H.

492

H18T0UY OF THE

Hunt transacted the business of the office for a short time. The Eiif»-
lish Church congre<i!ation at Edwardsburgh, now Dorchester station,
was presided over in 1858 by Rev. A. Mortimer, succeeded in 1859
by liev. W. Brookman, who in 18(10 had charge of the churches at
Thorndale, Thamesford, McMartin's Corners, and Trueman's (Corners.
In 18(51-2, St. Peter's, Dorchester, was separated from the Nis.souri
churches, and llev. T. C. Des Ban-es appointed to the charges of Dor-
chester station and Harrietsville. Among the members were : — the
Fitzpatricks, Chitticks, Hardys, Hunts, Wades, Vanstons, Hutchesons,
Hunters and Matthews. In 1865, J. W. P. Smith took charge. In
1871, T. L. Hanson; F. W. Haikes, 1873; P. E. Hyland, 1877; and
A. L. Fortin, J 880. In 188-i, A. J. Golmer was appointed, and in
1885, Rev. Charles Miles.

Dorchester Station Wesleyan Circuit was established in 18()7, with
Wm. Galbraith, pastor. Thos. Hadwin presided in 1868-70 ; James
Kennedy in 1871-3. The Methodist Church of Canada is the suc-
cessor of the Wesleyan Church. In 1874-6, Thomas Crews was
pastor, with G. J. Kerr assistant in 1876 ; in 1877, Benj. Sherlock,
succeeded by Wm. Lund, who presided until 187i). In 1880, Jolin L.
Kerr was pastor, James G. Foot was assistant in 1877-8 ; W. G.
\\'ils(m in 187'.*, and Joseph Bring in 1880. J. L Kerr and John
Henderson, 1881 ; in 1882, R. W. Scanlon took Mr. Henderson's
place; in ] 88o, Thomas and H. W. Crews; in 1884, Thomas Crews
and Emanuel Medd.

Merrill Lodge, No. 344, A. F. & A. M , was chartered July 1.3,
1876. The li,st of past masters is as follows: — Freeman B. Talbot,
1876-7; Wm. H. Chittick, 1878 ; E. T. Shaw, 1870; I. N. Burdick,
1880 ; John Durand, 1881 ; Wm. McKay, 1882 ; A. Slaght, 1883 ;
E. T. Shaw, 1884 ; Lyman Shaw, 1885-0 ; W. H. Collins, 1887 ;
Wm. H. Chittick, 1888.

Nilestoivn in 1888 claimed 310 inhabitants in the village aud
neighborhood. J. C. Barrows was postmaster and merchant ; Nelson
Sage and J. A. James, cheese manufacturers ; Alex. Leitch, proprietor
of grist-mill ; C. Williams, of saw-mill ; George Byers, of hotel ; Messrs.
Rolph and Wm. Craig, of wagon-shops ; and .loseph Wilson, of black-
smith-shop. In 1857 there were about 100 inhabitants. Joshua
Putnam was justice of peace and postmaster ; Wm. Niles, a member of
the Provincial Parliament and of Quarter Sessions Court, and W. H.
Niles. Harry Reynolds settled at Nilestown in 1836.

The Baptist Chapel, a brick house, just east of Nilestown was
built in 1850.

The first members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Dorches-
ter, at Nilestown, were: — Joshua Putnam, Wm. Sage (of Westminster) ,
Albert Burdick. Meetings were held in the old frame school-house,
•where now is Nilestown. Among the first teachers were Andrew
Ross and Arch. Campbell.

Nilestown Lodge, No. 345, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July 13,

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

493

1870. The list of past masters is as follows: — Jas. Campbell, 187(1-7;
William Craig, 1878; Joseph Wilson, 1879; James Armstrong, 18S0;
A. R Kowat, 1881; William Turnbull, 1882-3; W. H. Niles, 1884;
James A. James, 1885 ; Thomas McDougal, 1886 ; Joseph Wilson,
1887-8.

Avon in 1880 claimed a jwpulation of 170. James How was
postmaster and general merchant with W. Reid and H. VVillsie, black-
smiths ; T. Miller and H. Herron, carpenters ; A. Pe.arson, harness-
maker ; John McLaughlin, shoemaker ; and J. H. Andrews, wagon-
bnildor. Avon of 1857 had a population of fifty persons. It was the
site of Daniel Mills' mill. Here, at that time, S. Whaley was post-
master; J. H. Andrew, wagon-maker; Henry Smith, hotel; J. I).
McLachlan & Co., merchants ; and Sylvester Byrnes, shoemaker.
Lyman Whalley, a native of Quebec province, settled in Malaliide,
where Springfield now stands in 1834, and in 1848 moved to Lot 3,
Concession (J, or Avon. In 1852 he built the first steam ,«aw-mill in
Dorchester, and was postmaster there for sixteen years. In 1853 he
was ap]iointcd captain of the sedentary militia

C)'umlin claimed a population of fifty in 1888. R. H. Read was
postmaster; A. B. Campbell, general merchant; Charles Short and
Peter Young, hotel-keejjers; James Spence and Seth Young, black-
smiths. Tiie Orange Hall was built about 18G1. Robert Dreaney,
who ciirae from Ireland in 1841, and opened an hotel and blacksmith-
shop in North Dorchester in 1846, at Dreaney's corners or Crumlin
post-office, was ajipointed magistrate in 1857. Old Mr. Priddis, father
of the London merchants, opened the first store at Dreaney's corners
in Dorchester. He was the first store-keeper. Part of the building
(log) was moved, while the frame part is occupied by Harry Warden,
and owned by Widow Woods.

The post-oHice was established a number of years ago at the north-
west corner of Dorchester Townshij), at the house of Robert 1 )reaney,
or Dreaney's Corners Hotel. In 1882, Mr. Cami)bell succeeded Henry
Dreaney, and opened a store on the opposite corner in London Tovrn-
ship. Henry Reid was appointed postma.ster in Jaimary, 1887.
Dreaney's brick hotel was built about 35 years ago. Peter Young's
hotel, on the south-west corner of Nissouri Township, was ei'ected in
1850, by David Young, now of Brantford.

Gladstone in 1888 was credited with a population of 125. Levi
McMurray was postmaster, and he, with McCalluin and Watcher,
merchants ; John McCallum, blacksmith, and Charles Doe, cheese-
manufacturer.

Moadey in 1888 had over 100 population. James Moakes was
postmaster, ajid he and John Moakes, blacksmiths. John Amos car-
ried on the saw-mill, and .Fames Moir a shoemaker's shop.

494

HISTORY OF THE

CHAriER XXII.

EKFKID TOWNSHIP

Ekfrid is bounded on the north by Metcalfe, on the south by the
Thames (which here forms the south line of the county), on the west
by Mosa Township, and on the east by Cui'ailoc.

All the creeks of Ekfrid may be said to be on the south side of the
height of land of that township, or south of the Grand Trunk Rail-
road, all flowing into the Thames. The north half of the township
does not possess a creek, but water of a good quality is readily obtained
near the surface. Ekfrid claimed 1,091 persons in 1850, and to have
produced 14,900 bushels of wheat. The only industries were a grist
and saw-mill. Wild land was held at seven shillings and sixpence, and
improved land at S9 jier acre.

Ekfrid was surveyed in 1820 by Col. Burwell. Among the pioneers
were Arch. Miller, Donald ^IcTaggart, John Campbell. Angus Camp-
bell, John McLaughlin, John Elliott and John Campbell, whose homes
were ranged along the Longwoods road. In 18;i5 the northern section
was settled by Hugh Rankin, Alexander McMaster, John McLean,
Duncan Campbell, Donald McFarlane and Dougald Patterson.

Donald McGugan, a pioneer, died April 4, 1871. He was a native
of Scotland. Robert Campbell died in April, 1874, aged 75 years.
John Bcckton, who resided on the Longwoods road, first in Mosa and
later in Ekfrid, for thirty-four years, died June 4, 1874, aged 87 years.
Mrs. Jeannette Pool, relict of John Pool, who settled here in L841,
died in May, 1875.

The number of taxpayers in Ekfrid in 1888 was 860, and the
population 2,518.

• Duncan I\IcColl, who, in 18.'U, came from Scotland, died in
November, 1872. In 1832 he became a member of J)lder Dugald
Campbell's Covenanted or Primitive Baptist Church. Robert Brown,
born in Canada in 1822, settled here with his jiarents in 1834, on Lot
8, Concession 8, now a part of Metcalfe. Gilbert Hyndman, who
came about 1848, lost his wife May 1, 1888. Mrs. Miller, of Mayfair,
who died October 13, 1887, came with her parents when Ekfrid was a
forest. Her parents were Benjamin and Kessia Lockwood, who
settled in Delaware in 1820, where she married Arch. Miller in 1831.
Rev. Neil McKinnon, one of the oldest members of the London Pres-
bytery, died in February, 1888. John Roy McRae, born in Scotland
in 1790, settled here in 1837, and died in November, 1887. In 1842
he was ap])ointed superintendent of schools for the district. George
Cornell settled on the Gore of Ekfrid in 1834, where he resided until
187(3, when he moved to Gleucoe, and died in August, 1882. Malcolm

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

495

McAlpiiio, wlio in 1830 settled on Lot 15, K. 1, south of the Long-
woods road, died October 5, 1888. In 1837 he miinied ii dauj^hter of
H. McAlpino. In 1830 the nearest cabin was nine miles distant
The whole county was a dense bush ; Indian paths and deer tracks
were the only roads, and the River Thames afl'orded tlie best method
of communication by canoe. iMalcolm and his father for years had to
carry wheat on their backs in a baj^ to Kilworth to grind, bringing
back the flour in the same way. iJonald (Campbell, of Middlemiss,
died in April, 1888, aged 84 years. He was one of the pioneers.

In 18H3, Donald Graham re])orted the following old settlers of
Ekfrid and neighborhood to be residents of Missouri Valley .1 unction,
Iowa: — tJeorge and William Kichardson; It. C, George, W., D., J. A.
and T. Coulthard, W., A., ('. and Ceory House, all owning 4,812 acre.°i,
of which 2,897 were in cultivation.

Among the pioneers and early settlers of Ekfrid, whr resided there
in 1878-80, were : — J. R. Bartlett, J. D. Cornoil and Gideon Corneil,
settlers of 1823; Angus Campbell, 1828 ; B. Lockwood, 1829; James
Gowanlock, A. McDougall, and A. Stevc^ison, 1833 ; Lachlin and
Angus McTaggart, 1831; Robt. Orr and N. McLcllan, 18:!2; Duncan
McGregor, 1830; Geo. Middlemiss and David Dobie, 1834; James
Allen, Hugh McLachlin, Hector McFarlane, and C. McRoberts, 183") ;
Angus Chisholm, 1836 ; John P. Corneil, Timothy Howe, James Lock-
wood, and Alex. McBean, 18:)7 ; George Young, Charles Rightman,
and Philip London, 1838; John E. Cani])bell, 1839; John A. Dobie,
S. DeWitt, Alex. McKellar antl Arch. Mclntyre, 1840; John M. Cor-
neil and George Faircloth, 1841 ; James G. Begg, Alex. Eddie, Geo.
C. Elliott, Robert McKay, Alex. McNeil, and Dan. McRae, 1842; G.
J. Coultliard and James JE Northcott, 1 844 ; David Cowan and Adam
Clarke, 1845; James Clarke, 1847; Duncan McRae and J. C. Fletcher,
1849 ; R. DeWitt, 1850. Mr. .McFarlane states that Alexander Eddie
and his brother William settled here in 1835-6.

The oldest record in possession of Hector McFarlane is dated 1833.
The month is not given, nor is the meeting of which it gives a!i
account referred to as the atniual meeting. The ofticers then elected
were: — Duncan McLean, clerk; Christopher tijiarliiig and James
Mclntyre, asses,sors ; D. McLean, collector; John Mcintosh, John
Cani]ibell, Wm. Sparling, Hugli McAlpine, John (Jalbraith, Robert
Parker, James McLellan, Andrew Wilson, Malcolm Galbraith, Aaron
Gough, John McCallum, Alex. Mclntyre and Peter McDonald, road
masters ; Thomas Curtis, Donald Mclntaggert (McTaggart), Joseph
Provo, wardens ; John McLachlin and Robt. Hudson, pound-keepers.
These officers served generally until 1836, when James Wilson was
chosen clerk; Bray Willey, John Campbell and Donald McFarlane,
sr., commissioners ; John Mclntyre, assessor ; and Arch. Miller, col-
lector. The expenditures for 1836 amounted to £8 193. 6d., of which
£7 10s. was paid to Hugh McAlpine for three scraj^ers.

In 1837, James Nash, M. McAlpine and Donald McFarlane were

406

H18T0UV OK TIIK

coiiiinissioiuTs ; Potor McDoimld, assessor, and Win. RoI)iiison, collector.
In Aui^ust the cnmmissioners advertised tlie fact that "a number of
jobs Would be <,'iven out for rejiairinf; the main road tlirou<^h the town-
ship, on September "i, at tlie house of .Jonathan Miller." The expendi-
tures for the year are placed at £2:\ lOs. 4Ad. In 183H, Gilbert
McEachern was chosen clerk ; John Mc( 'alluin, John MoMaster and
Lachlan McLachlan, commissioners; Donald McFarlane, jr., assessor,
and James Mclntyre, collector. In this year a bridge was erected
over Mill Creek, on the Longwoods road, by Patten Attwood. The
expenditures for 1839 were £:'4 10s. This money, as stated by
William Robinson, was expended principally on a road between the
Lonj^woods road and north Talbot street. In 1840, John Mclntyre,
Malcolm ('anipl)cll and John McKellar were elected wardens, with
Malcolm McFarlane, collector.

In 1841, Gilbert McEachern still held the clerk's office ; Donald
McEarlane, jr., was assessor ; Geo. T. Smith, collector; Farquhar .Mc-
Donald, Wni. Dobie, and Christopher Conrad, wardens. In 1842 the
same clerk and collector were re-elected, and Malcolm McFarlane
chosen assessor. In this year school commissioners were first elected.
In 1843, F. McDonald was chosen assessor, with the same clerk and
collector, and John Mclntyre, Alex. McBean, and Robert R. White,
wardens. In 1844 the officials were re-elected with John Mclntyre,
Donald McFarlane, sr., John R. McRae, sr., Humphrey Campbell, and
.John Campbell, library and school commissioners. The wardens'
names for this year have been eaten up by mice.

In 1845, John Pool, John McRae, and John Lcramon, were
wardens, with the same school commissioners, clerk, assessor, and col-
lector, as in 1844. In 184G, Arch. Miller was collector, with Donald
Graham, James Allan, and Alex. Clark, wardens ; Archibald Miller
was cho.sen councillor. In 1847, Aaron Goff took Graham's i)lace as
warden. In 1848, Duncan McCallum, Andrew (Joulthard, and A.
Clark, were chosen wardens, with the same clerk, assessor, and col-
lector as in 1846.

In 1850, Hector McFarlane succeeded Gilbert McEachern as clerk,
and served to 1862, and from 18('.4 to 1867, and also from 1877 to
1880. In 1863, J. Champion filled the position ; in 18()8, William
Sutherland, sr.; in 1869, John McKenzie; in 1809-70, Donald Mc-
Farlane; in 1871, John A. Scott; in 1872, Wm. Sutherland, sr. ; in
1873-6, Donald McFarlane.

The treasurers since 1850 are : — Arch. Miller, 1850-8 ; Julius D.
Cornell, 1859-62 ; Georj^e C. Dobie. 1863-6 ; Angus Black, 1867-72 ;
Wm. Sutherland, sen , 1873-88. The assessors since 1850 are : —
Farquhar McDonald, James Mclntyre and Samuel McCoU, 1850 ; F.
McDonald also served in 1851-2; Crawford Douglass, 1853 ; F.
McDonald, 1854-62 ; Angus Campbell, 1863-4 ; F. McDonald, 1865-7
and 1869-73 ; James McKenzie, 1868 ; Wm. Sutherland, sen,, 1873;
John P. Comeil, 1874-6 ; Henry Hardy, 1877-8 ; John P. Cornell,

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

41)7

1879-84; John G. Lcthbridfje, I88r)-7,and J. E. Lauf,'htoii, the present
assessor. The collectors were: — Jonathan Miller, 1851; Angus
Campbell, 18.")2 ; James Mclntyre, 1855; Henry Miller, 1856; Thos.
Strachan, 1857; An«,'ns C'im])bell, l.S5,S; I). McRao, LSdS; Alex.
McKenzie, 1X68, 1.S72 and 1.S74-5; James McKenzie, 1.S70; Arch.
Graham, 1H71 ; John A. Campbell, 187M ; Wm. Tait, 1876, 1.S.S2-5 ;
Arch. Mclntyre, 1878; Bray Willey, 1881 ; Arch. Mclntyre, 1886-8.

The Ekfrid election of 1888 resulted in the choice of A. P. McDou-
j,'ald for reeve over John A. Dobie, the vote btsing 340 to L'6() ; Hray
Willey was elected deputy, and George Scales, John E. Hull, and
Solomon Mclntyre, councillors.

The oldest bridge in the county is that across a stream which
empties into the Thames at the James Tait farm in Ekfrid. For fifty-
two years prior to October, 1886, it was in use. It consisted entirely
of one black walnut tree. The iron bridge over the Thames at the
corners of Caradoc, Ekfrid, Dunwich and Southwold was completed in
1878.

The Ekfrid Agricultural Society is an old organization. In Janu-
ary, 1874, the Transcript published a letter relating to the union of
the Ekfrid and Mosa Agricultuial Societies. Tiie Ekfrid Agricultural
Society elected the following ofticers for 1888 : — George Huston, presi-
dent ; John McCallum, vice-president ; A. Douglas, A. Burdon, C. J.
(Campbell, H. H. McAlpine, Kobert Coulthard, Thomas Beckton, M. E.
Brown, Kobert Webster, Thomas Bole and James Stevenson, directors ;
J. G. Begg and J. A. McLean, auditors ; and A. Douglas, secretary and
treasurer.

Alliance Grange, No. 156, Ekfrid, was organized in 1875, and the
eighth installation took place December 111, 1883. Among the officers
of 188;5 were :— George Lethbridge, Wm. Tait, R. Coad, J. G. Leth-
bridge, D. McEachren, Edward Berdan, Alfred Berdan, David Berdan,
Mrs. G. Lethbridge, Mrs. John Allan, ^Irs. D. Berdan, Mrs. A. R. Mc-
Kenzie and A. R. McKenzie. The first ofiicers were : — Master, Hector
McFarlane ; overseer, John McCrackeu ; lecturer, William Gane ;
steward, Richard Whittaker; assistant steward, Archibald Leitch ;
cha])lain, Alexander Eddie ; treasurer, James Pole ; secretary, Benjamin
Donaldson; gate-keeper, John Down; Ceres, Margaret Eddie ; Pomona,
Rebecca VVliittaker ; Flora, Flora Sutherland ; lady assistant steward,
Esther Aim Eddie.

Accidents. — Wm. M. IMorden, at one time a resident of Ekfrid,
was murdered in Texas in 1873.

David ]\IcKee, of Ekfrid, while retunung from Scotland, was killed
by the ti'ain at Bowmanville, July 6, 1880.

Two youths, children of George Allan, of Ekfrid, were drowned iti
the Thames, in August, 188;!.

In July, 1887, James R. McLe<an was dragged at the heels of a
runaway horse and killed. The accident happened near ]\Iayfair.

Ekfncl Village, a name long since lost, was the business centre of

I ^

498

HIsniUY 01' TIIK

till' towiislii]! ill 18")!. Tlic IdCiitioii Wiis ti'ii iiiilos west of 1 K-luwan?.
At that liiiit! tlic Kkfrid Kxcliim;.'(' lldt^l wiis k('|it liy Win. .loiics ; a
dry goods stori; l)y .loiiiithim Miller; wliilc ii \vut;oniiiid<t'V iuid hliick-
smitli, with (wo Hliociuiikttr.s, comjilcti'd tlin luisiiiess cirolf. A union
houso of Worship was built tliciv )iiior to ISol. Coulthiiid's mills
were seven mid one half miles distant, and the proposeil line of rail-
road only a short distance away.

Aj>idu ill 1S.S8 had a iioimlatioii of JdO. A. IV Mcdre^'or was
]i().stniaster, succeeding' S. Dewitt, who resi^'ia^il in 188(1, ami he, with
T. itosser and Charles Mctlre^'or, were ;,'eneral merchants; .lohn Mul-
lins and F. McNau<,'hton, hotel-keepers; Hiij^li McLean, hardware
dealer; John McEachern, bank.r; .1. A. Hui^lies, hlacksinitii ; tLSiuiji-
8011, shoemaker; .lohn Sinclair, butcher; Mrs. I'owell, millinery: A.
McTag^art and A. Hyniaii, pain-buyers; \Vm. I lolme.s, cabinet-maker ;
and Hector McFarlane, clerk of Eklrid and ajipraiser of the ('. 1*. !,.
& S. Co. The manufacturing industries are represented by the Appin
Cheese Manufacturing Co., Duncan Hamilton's stave factory. Nelson
Craig's turning mill, NVhittaker & Mclvenzie's and Kicliardson »t l?ui-
nett's saw-mills, and Walter Melburne and John English, carriage iind
wagon builders. The disastrous fire of October, 1888, destroyed the
pluning-mill.

The New Connexion Methodist Church of Appin was comjileted
and opened Oct. 10, 1870. The total co-st was ::<7<»0. This .society
merged into the Canadian Methodist Church in 1874, and became a
part of the Melbourne Circuit.

Among the members of the church at Ai>pin in 1884 were : —
John Horn, the Mathers, Havenei'.s, Hardy.s, Jane ami Mary Miller,
iJessie McAlpiiie, Ann McCalluiu, Zena Kershaw, and Caroline Horn.

Appin Circuit of the Methodist Church of Canada formerly formed
a part of Na])ier and Melbourne Circuit. In 1875 it was set off as a
separate circuit, with William Welliniott 2'astor, who eoiitimied to
serve there nntil the close of 1877. Hcsiiry E. Hill was i^reacher-in-
charge from 1878 to 1880, George LouirIs assisting in 18S0.

In September, 1885, the iiuestioii aiuse of building a Presbyterian
Church at Appin. The committee on subscriptions comprised J. Mc-
lutyre, J. ^IcFie, A. B. jVIcCJregor, A. Campbell, T. MeUoberts, and K.
Webster. In January, l.S8(), the contract for building was sold to A.
Clanahan. who completed the work in November, 188(1, and the
church was opened on November 7, by liev. J. Eobbins. Charles
McFie, who settled near Aj)i)in about 1845, organized a Sabbath
school there, of which he continued superintendent until 1888, when
he died.

Court Fidelity, I, O. F., No. 180, was instituted at Appin, Dec. 21,
1885, with the following-named officers: — I J. Long, W. Towe, George
Mullins, John Simpson, John (."oiigdon, Josei)h Mitchell, Dr. ^litchell,
W. Scott, C. Neeves, T. Holmes and D. Sinclair.

The house of Mrs. McGill, near Appin, was destroyed by fire April

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

■iW

IH, 18H.S. Mrs. Sctli Cniiiii iind diii' cliild wcii! Imriicd snvertdy. The
hniisu was oiu! ot'llic (iklcst in tlu; vicinity, luiviiij,' slood thure since
1H47.

MelliDuriic, knf)wn to pioneers lis Old Fort, Inter was I.onj,'\V()od
rost-oilice, until the station was established, when the name was
chan«;ed to \Vendi,i,'o, and in .Inly, \HH7, to Mell)ouriie. The firo of
IVlareh '2','t, 187S, wiped ont the old villaj^'e eonipletcdy, lint within the
last decadt^ it reeovered from tiie disaster, ami in l.SS.S claimed a popu-
lation of over 'MH). J. (i. 15e<,'j,' was jioslmaster ; Cooper, Jliciiards &
Co., and (J. F. Vail, <,'eneral merchants; Mrs. F. Harvey, Mrs. Fletcher,
Mi.ss McNeil, milliners and dressmakers; (i. \V. Trayte, baker; Hobt.
F'letcher. tinsmith; H. Harvey, harness; A. M. John.son, cabinet-
maker; ilcNulty 6c llavey, hotel jirojirietors; ,]. Lon<,', butcher; G.
\V. Spoiienbnrg and J. Slrothers, carriage-builders; and the Tolson
flouring-mill.

'I'he New Cuiniexion Chinch of Melbourne dates back to 185'.),
when .lames Seymour was i)reaelier. Heiij. Haight served in iSdO-l ;
William Webb, 18tJ2-4; -Tosei-h Follick, l.S(ir.-7 ; Itobert Walker,
lS()8-70 ; William McCann ; 1S71-3; aud .lames H. Orme, in LS74.
In ISCiO the memliership waS(S2; in 1.S74 it decreased to 74. The
Wesleyan circuit is noticed in the history of Napier and other Metho-
dist centres. The corner stone of the ^lethodist Church building was
l.laceil May 24, ISSd, by KiiV.s. W. G. H. McAllister, .1. Robinson, and
the builder, Thomas Hull. The Presbyterians sold their interest in the
Union Church building there in April, 1883, to the Kegular Baptist
Society.

The I'resliyterian Church of VVendigo, or Melbourne, was dedicated
September 21, 1SS4.

Diifferin Lodge, No. :>(;4, A. ¥. & A. M., was chartered September
12, 187K. The list of ma.sters is as follows :— D. A. Sinclair, 187S-80 ;
D. McKae, 1.S8I-2; 1). A. Sinclair, 1.S8:! ; Edward Fenwick, 1884-5;
D. A. Sinclair, 188G-8. The Ma.sonic Hall was opened March 5,
187il.

MiddlemisH dates back to 1875, when two houses, erected in the
dense forest, formed a nucleus for a village. In June, 187G, a railroad
depot was comjihited, and a dozen of stores and dwellings sprung into
existence. George Middlemiss, the founder, had his .saw-mill here,
and in that year erected his grist-mill. Benjamin Lockwood was the
first general merchant and postmaster. The mill, store, and two black-
smitli and wagon shops fonued the business circle.

The Walper mills at Middlemiss were destroyed by fire in Febru-
ary, 1885. The Middlemiss barbecue of July, 1882, was principally
an Indian show.

The murder of Grant Silcox was perpetrated December 28, 188)5,
by burglars, within his own store at Middlemiss, in Ekfrid Township.
A year prior to this he purchased the post-office store of R. B. ("amp-
bell for whom he was formerly clerk. Albert C, Wrightman, an

iijfl ' '•

iiiL

500

HISTORY OF THE

evangelist, was arrested, charged with the crime. David Randall and
John Simmons were also arrested.

The village in 1S88 had a population of 2G0. Daniel Decow was
postmaster; Campbell & McLaohlan, merchants; H. Ingham, boot
and shoe dealer ; M. C. Campbell, H. B. McArthiir and F. H. Wade,
brick manufacturers ; Abel Wal{)er, owner of the flouring-mills ; G.
Watson and G. Simmons, blacksmiths ; R. H, Reynolds, railroad
agent ; J. Mark, grocer ; and II. Graham, carpenter.

The corner-stone of the Methodist Church was placed by Amasa
Wood and Rev. Mr. McAllister June 20, 1887. The building was
opened September 11, that year, the cost being $1,000, John VVebb,
Adam Clarke, James Clarke, Robert Fletcher and Eflmund Richards
are the trustees, and they with twenty-five others form this society.
The church is in the Melbourne circuit, of which Rev. H. W. Locke is
minister.

Strathburn in 1888 claimed a population of 75. Hugh Mcllae
was ]3ostmaster and merchant; Robert Ferguson, blacksmith ; Jacob
Steinhod', shoemaker; and Samuel Waldock, proprietor of the flour-
ing-mills.

Mayfair in 1888 claimed a population of 50, John E. Campbell
was postmaster ; J. E. Lee, saw-mill proprietor ; and the Mayfair
Manufacturing Co. were the proprietors of the cheese-factory ; C. J.
Campbell and G. C. Elliott were insurance agents.

Muiicey in 18cS8 had a poprlation of 75. Alexander McGregor
was postmaster; the McGregor Brothers, general merchants; H. Han-
non, blacksmith ; James Furey, saw-mill owner ; and E. Empey, hotel
proprietor.

Christina had a population of thirty-five in 1888. John McKenzie
was postmaster and general merchant ; A. Sluth, wagon-maker ; and
Robert Smith, blacksmith.

Knox Church was organized in 1884, under the oversight of the
Free Cl\urch Presbytery of Hamilton. The following parties were
ordained as elders at its first session ; — J. McKellar, J. Allan, A.
McBeau, R. Brodie, and H. Leitch. As these men departed this life,
tiie session was sustained by ordaining other elders as their successors.
These were : — S. Mclntyre, J. Becton, G, Tait, N. McBean, A. Fletcher,
A. McBean, A, Eadie, D. McArthur, A. McKellar, J, Mclntyre, C.
Caruthers, J. McCracken, J. Smith, D. McNicol, J. McTavish, D.
Campbell, A. Walker, N. Munroe, D, Ferguson, P, McNeil, W.
Leitch and C. Munroe. The Deacon's Coini, having charge of the
temporalities of Knox Church, was constituted in 1848, consisting of
the following members : — H. McAlpine, W. Symes, J. McRae, D.
Fletcher, C. McFie, A. Coulthard, J. Smith, R. Coulthard, D. Mitchell,
A. McTavish, .1. Monroe, P. Mitchell and M. Downie. The number of
communicants at the date of organization was forty-eight. The present
number of members over the field, then under the oversight of Knox's
Session, is about <S00. Tlie Rev. L. McPherson, later of East Williams,
served as a missionary in this church for two summers, in 184l)-47.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

501

The Rev. W. R. Sutherland was the first pastor settled over this
church. He was inducted February, 1848. The pastoral charge
included : — Knox's, built in 1850; Hurns's, Kilniartin, Chalmer's, Bull's,
Argyle's, and Wardsville churches. The first of these churches organ-
ized as adistinct pastoral charge was Burns's, in Kilniartin ; the others
were subsctiuently organized as circumstances justified their separation
from Knox's congregation. Mr. Sutherland, during his pastorate of
Knox's Church, which continued over thirty-five years, had the privi-
lege of conducting over seven thousand diets of religious public wor-
ship ; baptized one thousand and three hundred persons, of whom
thirty were adults,. and the others were children. He solemnized four
hundred and ninety-five marriages ; received four hundred and fifty
members into church fellowship ; ordained thirty-three elders and
thirteen deacons ; conducted one hundred and sixty funeral services ;
administered seventy communions in his own church, and assisted at
one hundred and twenty communions in other churches. He was in
the habit of devoting five or six weeks annually to the service of the
Home Mission of the Presbytery during the f.rst two decades of his
pastorate in the northern counties of the Province, which time
amounted in the aggregate to two years. He was local superintend-
ent of schools in his own and some neighboring townships for twenty
years, and secretary of the British Bible Society instituted in Ekfrid
for thirty-five years. In 1884, the congregation of Knox's Church
was, by order of the Presbytery of London, united with that of St.
Andrew's Church in Glencoe, and Mr. Sutherland, in consequence of
this union, resigned his pastorate. The first minister settled over this
United Church was the Rev. J. Robbins, now pastor of the Third
Presbyterian Church, Truro, N. S. The Rev. Dougald Currie is his
successor as jiastor of this United Church.

The amount contributed by the congi'ogation of Knox Church to
Christian missions and the Bible Society, apart from their local ex-
penditures, during thirty-five years, was about §7,500. In 1887, the
congregation resolved to build a new house one and one-half miles
south of the old church of 1850. Elder James Allan, who died in
1879, was ordained in 1844. He was accustomed to contribute one-
tenth of his income to church uses. Burns's Church, erected at Glen-
coe in 1871, was burned in 188(5, the members having joined St.
Andrew's in 1884.

1 ii

i-llill

502

HISTOUY OF TlIK

CHAPTER XXIII.

LOKO TOWNSHIP.

Lobo is bounded ou the iiortli by East Williams ; on the west by
Adelaide and Caradoc; on the south by the Thames dividing froin
Delaware ; and ou the east by London Township. The ])o])ulation of
Lobo in 1888, according to the assessor's returns^ was 2,6(S0. Iteal
and personal property and incomes in 1887 amounted to .'iid.TTT.olS.

The Thames, forming its southern boundary, receives the Ox Bow
Eiver near the stnith-eastern corner of the township. The Sydenham,
or Bear Creek, flows across the centre of the townshi]i from east to
west, while a number of rivulets flow west and south to join the
Sydenham or the Thames. In the northern sections of Lobo the head-
waters of the Aux Saubles may be said to rise.

Offi,cial History. — Archibald McArthur, who died in 18.14, came
to Lobo in 1820, and he, with Thomas Canahill, were the first two
oouncilmen on the old board. The first record of the council is dated
January o, 1842. The first entry is the receipt of £8 from the district
treasurer, John Harris. Of this sum, £(i 12s. 4id. were paid ISTicol
Mclntyre Neil Graham and Duncan Mclntyre for chopping a side-road
between Lots 12 and 13. In January, J.zo, £7 IfSs. lOAd. were received
as wild land tax, and £3 Quakers' mihtia tax, of which seven and
a half shillings were paid for the old record book, and fifty jience
l)aid to Duncan ]\IcDougall for collecting. At this time Hugh
Carmichael was clerk ; Duncan McLean was chairman. The
pathmasters were:— John Edwards, Neil Mclntyre, Arch. Paull,
GuUin, McLean, Edmund Kussell, Donald McAllister, Hugh John-
son, John Campbell, Hugh Dewar, Duncan McBain, James Att-
wood, Robert Charlton, Jacob Stonehouse and John Siddall. Among
other ofiicials named are John Marsh, John Brown, Isaiah Gus-
tin, J. H. Wood, John Zavitz, John Lamont, John Edwards, Joel
Shotwell, Arch. McKellar, Malcolm Gray, -Tames Mcintosh, John
Lambert, David Lynch, Hugh Johnson and Donald Johnson.

In 1844 Alex. Sinclair was chairman ; John Brown, clerk ; John
Gray, assessor, and Arch. McVickar, collector. The school commission
are named in the chapter on schools. John B. Campbell was assessor
in 1845, and in 184() Hugh Carmichael was re-elected clerk, with
Sylvester Campbell, Hyland Ward, and George Challoner, wardens.
In 1847, H. Ward, Eobert Adamson and Benjamin Cutler were war-
dens. In 1848, Neil Morrison was a])pointed collector, and Hugh
Carmichael was chosen warden, as well as clerk. In 1849, John
Harris was chairman ; Ben j. Cutler, councillor ; John Siddall, Peter
JMcKellar and Hugh Carmichael, wardens. The latter was also re-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

503

fippointed clerk. In ISol), A. G. Wood was clerk, with George
CluiUoner, Arch. IMcArthur, Daviil Lynch, llobert Adamsoii, and Thos.
Caverhill, councillors.

In February, 1 8."i(l, by-laws regulating the building of fences and
the range for stock were adopted, all of which are signed by R.
Adamson, reeve, and A. G. Wood, clerk. During this year the troubles
arising out of the London and I.obo bridge, built near Siddall's mill in
1848, were discussed. By-law No. 4 provided for raising £267 os. !)d.,
to be exi)ended on roads and bridges, and in the administration of
justice ; and of that sum £S4 7s. 6d. were granted to the support of
common schools. ^ The site established for a town hall that year was
ordered to be set aside and the building committee empowered to select
one.

Ill June, IS.'iO, school sections «S and 9 were united. A by-law
providing for the issue of £50 debenture was adopted. This sum was
the estimated share of the township in rebuilding Blackfriars bridge.
The council of that year passed fifteen important by-laws, and m^y be
credited with tlie establishment of the greater number of roads, and
many of the schools which exist to-day. The total disbursements for
the year amounted to £371, A. Sinclair and John Brown being the
townshi]) auditors. Hugh Carmicliael was reappointed clerk in 1851.
The total expenditures for the year amounted to £940 Os. (id., includ-
ing the balance on collector's roll of £4.".6, and £106 granted to common
schools, together with £141 14s. balance in hands of treasurer. In
1852, Charles Woodward was appointed treasurer at a salary of £3
currency per annum. The elections of 1853 were held at Charlton's
mills. John Irvine was appointed clerk and treasurer, his salary being
placed at £10, while no less than forty-six jiathmasters were appointed.

In 1854, Charles Woodward was elected treasurer by the council,
while John Irvine was re-elected clerk, his salary for the office being
£10, while that of Woodward was only £2 per annum. Prior to
Feb. 19, 1853, there were thirty-two by-laws passed. In 1S56, Henry
Edwards was aiipointed clerk, succeeded in 1857 by John Brown. In
this year £488 Is. 9d. were granted the eight school sections and
Union School No. 1. In 1860, Joshua Irvine was elected clerk, vice
John Brown, who was returned to office in 1801. In 18G2, W. M.
Bringlo was chosen to fill tliat position. The number of by-laws
passed up to Feb. 21, 1863, was 91. There is recorded in the minute
book of 1862 a list of subscribers to tlie fund in aid of the starving
operators in the cotton manufacturing di.stricts of England, the total
sum contributed being §22.50.

In 1 877, E. 11. Barclay signed the records as town.ship-clevk, and has
filled that office down to the ])resent time. J. E. Barclay has been col-
lector for twenty yeais ; Jacob ^larsh, treasurer ; Hugh P. Carmicliael,
assessor; John McPherson and Alexander Gray, auditors ; B.B.Harris,
Duiicjin Cameron and William Kobinson, councillors. On June 9, 1862,
the Canadian I'arliament validated the illegal investment of moneys

504

HISTORY OF THE

granted to Lobo from the Upper Canada Municipalities Fund. The
early roads and bridges are referred to in the general chapter. A road
through Lot 13, Concession 2, Lobo, was approved July 15, 1831, and
William Libby granted £9 damages.

Pioneers. — The Township was surveyed in 1819-21 by Colonel
M. Burwell and others. The Colonel obtained some choice tracts here
in 1820. Immediately after the survey, the Scotch poured in, and
soon the township was in possession of the McArthurs and McKellars,
the Zavitzs and Shipleys, the Patersons, Woodwards and Walters.
Thomas McCall, who died at Dunwich, October 17, 1870, came to
Canada from Scotland in KS19. After the death of Elder Campbell,
he had charge of the Old School Baptist Churches in Lobo, Ekfrid,
Dunwich, Aldborough and Oxford, for twenty years. Dugald Sinclair,
of Lobo, died October 18, 1870. For sixty-five years he was a preacher
in that branch of the Baptist Church known as the Disci])les. He
was ninety-two years of age, forty of which were passed in Canada.

John Brown, an old resident, writing in August. 1888, states that
" the first settlers who located in Lobo, and drew their land from the
Crown, came in 1820, the township being surveyed the previous year.
They emigrated that year from Argyleshire, Scotland. Their names
were : — Malcolm McCall, wife, two sons and two daughters ; Dugald
McArthur, wife and family ; Donald Lament, wife and family ; the
Johnson family, McKellar family, Sinclair family, Duncan and Neil
McKeith, Charles and Hugh Carmichael, John Mclntyre and family,
Duncan and Duncan W. Mclntyre (cousins), John McLachlin, John
McCall, John McDougall (late J. P.), Archibald and Malcolm Campbell ;
and John Gray and family came in 1819. The foregoing are all, as
far as I remember, that located in Lobo that year. There might be one
or two more, but I do not know. The last of them (Duncan McCall)
passed away last April, aged 9(5 years and 6 days. There are only
three or four alive now of the whole group of those who came that
year who were over ten years old when they came. The last named,
Duncan McCall, along with Archibald McArthur had to go all the way
to Dundas to get a barrel of salt, with a yoke of oxen and sled, and
many a time they had to carry home flour from Westminster on their
backs ; and yet they never regretted having come, for in a year or two
they raised plenty to eat, and whisky was plentiful at twenty-five
eents per gallon. But no one then dreamed that the country would
have flourished like it has since."

One of the most noted men of the district in early years was Captain
Matthews. ^V'^hen coming to Canada in 1821 he took a medicine chest
with him, and when the people of Lobo and neighboring townships
would suffer from ague, he administered medicine free. In political
affairs he was a guardian for the people, and often saved a family from
financial or social ruin at the hands of the oiitpost of the P'amily Com-
pact. Louisa, his daughter, widow of George Jarvis Goodhue, died
Aug' 1 1, 1880. She was born in England in 1804, and came with her

COUNTY OF MroOLESEX.

505

father, who was on the staff of the Duke of Kichmond while Governor
of Canada. After the Duke's death Captain Matthews settled on a
grant of 1,000 acres in Lobo Township, where the daughter met and
married one of the pioneer traders of Middlesex.

Jesse Zavitz, who in 1822 settled in Lobo, died in September,
1875. Jacob Zavitz, jr., near Bear Creek, was 86 past, and she
(Elizabeth, dauglittn- of David Pound), 85 years in 1876. They were
both from Sugar Loaf, Welland County, and members of the Society
of Friends. The next oldest couple were Christal Stoner and wife, in
the Zavitz settlement. He was 86 past, and she, Maria Augustine, 84
in 1876. They are Menese, or Menonites. Isaiah Guston, born at
Long Point in 1802, .settled in Lobo in 1823, on Lot 12, Con. 3, build-
ing a distillery on Lot 31, Con. 6, London, in 1827.

Sarah ]\Iarsli, widow of Benj. Cutler, who died in 1874, resided in
Lobo in 1877, aged 85 years. Christina Livingstone, living on the 7th
Concession of Lobo in 1876, was then 89 years old.

Walter Robins, who settled in Southwold in 1841, resided at the
union school house. Con. 6, Lobo, in 1877, aged 97 years. Daniel
Saulsbury resided at Strathroy in 1876, aged 104 years, being a settler
of Adelaide and Lobo for over forty years. Wm. Picknor, who came
from England to Lobo in 1832, and lost his wife in 1838, was born in
1787, and resided near Bear Creek in 1876. John Campbell, of Lobo,
was also 80 years of age in 1877. Archibald McGugan, of Lobo, died
in September, 1872. He settled in Lobo in 1828, when there was
only one house between his cabin and Lake Huron. Benj. Cutler,
who in 1789 moved with his parents to Welland County, Can., from
Pennsylvania, and in 1839 settled in Lobo Township, died in 1874.

Edward Shipley, a ]iioneer of London Township, moved to Lobo in
1836. His son Lionel E. was the first president of the Northern Fair
Association in 1867, and in 1877 was elected president of the Provin-
cial Associations. Mrs. John Barnes, born in Canada in 1833, was
brought to Lobo by her parents, Robert and Hannah Charlton, in
1835. In 1853 she manied Barnes, and died March, 25, 1880.
Archibald Bell, who came with his parents to Lobo in 1845, was a lad
of five or six summers when the pioneers of that township assembled
in 1846 to erect their first log school-house. In that building he was
educated by Donald McCrae, the first teacher ; later, studied law under
John Wilson, until the latter was appointed judge in 1863, when he
resumed school teaching. Later, he studied at Guelph, and under Jas.
Shanly at London, and in 1868 began the practice of law at Strathroy.
In 1870 he moved to Chatham, and in 1878 was appointed county
judge. Among the old settlers of Lobo who were prominent in
1878-80 were the following: — Dean Tiffany, a settler of 1811 ; Wm.
Harris; 1823, A. Sinclair, 1824; Arthur Batie (or Baty), 1826; Mal-
colm Gray, 1827; Donald Graham, 1829; Neil McKellar, 1830;
Wm. Jury, A. D. McLellan and M. A. Mclntyre, 1833 ; John Waugh,
1832 ; Duncan A. P. Graham, Alex. McKellar, M. Mc Arthur, George

50()

HISTOKY OF THE

and Janios Kobson, 18.S4 ; A. C. Attwood, S. J. Bulleii, John Mc-
Dongall, John L. and Duncan McKelhir, LS35; Robort Boston, Goo.
Urrand, William McKellar, John McLellan, 18.'>6 ; John McVicker,
Douuald McArthuv and T. S. Edwards, 18.S7 ; Archibald Sinclair, isaS ;
John Cutter, ISo'.l; R Hobson and Peter Caini)bell, 1S40; A. N.
Cohoo, Alex. (Jray and John McCallum, 1!S42 ; John AlcPherson, A.
A. McArthur and John B. Nicholl, 1844; Hugh D. Johnston, 1). K
Mclntyre and Elijah Zavitz, 1845 ; Alex. Stewart, 1S4().

Komoica in 1888 had a population of 27<i. William jMcKellar
was postmaster ; A. ]\f cMurphy and Airs. Oliver, general merchants ;
Geo. Cummings and J. Shipley, hotel jn'oprietors ; D. Crombie, rail-
road agent; C. W. Drinkwater, proprietor of woollen- mills ; Daniel
Ferguson, of saw-mills; Mrs. A. McDougall, of flouring-niills ; and
James Sleath, of the carriage-shop. Arch. Smith, J. Sinclair and S.
Spence were blacksmiths. Miss Ferles, Miss Woolcock, and Mrs.
Ponde, dressmakers. In 18r)7 this was a ])rogressive town, the fol-
lowing being the bu.siness circle: — John Allen, general store ; J. M.
Barber, innkeeper; William I'etts, innkeeper; A.J. L. Black, carpen-
ter; J. J.Boyd, cabinet-maker; Kichard Carr, tailor; George Catto,
carpenter; James Chalmers, carpenter; AV. j;)owland, ])lasterer; S.
Drake, dealer in dry goods, hardware, groceries; H. Edwards, cabinet-
maker ; Henry Edwards, M. D. ; Thomas Falls, shoemaker ; P. H,
Geddis, township councillor; Hall & Co., shingle and lath-factory;
Hitchcock & Elson, general store; William Hodgman, shoemaker;
Alark Hord, tailor; W. Humes, butcher; Irvin & Co., steam grist,
flouring-mill and iron-foundry ; John Irvin, clerk of Division Court ;
Francis Jarvis, distiller ; Thonuis Jones, mason ; O. D. Alabee, post-
master and general storekeeper ; Joseph McComiell, carjienter ; Alex-
ander McKay, plasterer; Alexander AIcKeller, innkei per ; William
McKeller, blacksmith ; J. Alontague & Co., blacksmitiis and wagon-
makers; liobert Morris, butcher ; P. D. Patten, blacksmith ; Archil)ald
Paul, inukciejier ; William Picdmond, carpenter ; James I'itchie, shoe-
maker; William Kobinson, iinikee]ier ; J. H. & 11. Scott, ]ilaning-mill ;
Phillip Smith, innkeeper; William Smith, bailitf; J. T. Sovereen,
saddler and harness-maker ; William Stevenson, blacksmith ; Thomas
Sutherland, grocer and cabinet and chair-maker ; W. H. Wilson, general
store. At tliis time a daily mail was delivered here ; the jKijjnlation
was TOD, and the fare to London was ."iTA cents.

The locality is notorious for railroad and other accidents, as a refer-
ence to the general history will point out. Kichard Blong was killed
by lightning here in May, 18(J(). In Ajiril, 1862, James ( 'liapnian
was drowned near Comfort & Greer's dam, on the Tiiames. James
Graham of Lobo, while hunting shot himself accidentally and died.
The Komoka fire of October, 1871, destroyed Barker's Hotel (fornuu'ly
knowti as Molaskey's), stable, two stores adjoining, and two dwellings.
The burning of a passenger car near Komoka, February 28, 1874,
resulted in the incineration of nine persons, and in fatal injuries to
three others. Joseph Wilson's saw-mill was burned in July, 1876.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

507

Dr. R. R. Smith, whose parents came from Ireland in ISMO and
settled in New York, settled with them at Komoka in 1840, where he
established his office after graduating in medicine. He was one of the
seriously injured in the railway holocaust at Sifton's ( 'ut, refeiTed to in
other ])ages.

Clmrchcs. — The first organiz<ation of the Presbyterian congregations
of Lobo was in l!S40 — fir.st, then, as there was no Presbyterian preacher
here for many years after the first settlers came, though they all
belonged to the Church of Scotland when they came out. Many of
them joined in with Baptists and ^lethodists. It was .about the year
1840 that the Rev. Mr. McMillan was settled in the Township of
Williams, and from there used to preach in Lobo every eighth Sabbath,
and gathered together a few who still remained Presbyterians. After
the la])se of seven or eight years, he was succeeded by the late Rev. L.
McPherson, who came to Lobo every third Sabbath, and got the con-
gregation so organized that they built a small frame chm-ch, 40 x SO,
about thirty-eight years since, costing about .S700. That served the
purpose for ten years or more, and was then taken apart and moved to
Ivan, where the congregation previously bought thirty acres of land for
the glebe, and it was rebuilt there as being more convenient for the
congregation. Three years ago it was again replaced by a brick church,
50 X 40, with ba.sement and tower, costing over S6,0()0. Some years
since there was a Presbyterian church built in Komoka, where a small
congregation has been formed in uTiion with Hyde Park. Another
Presbyterian church has been lately built on the Lobo side of the
township line between Lobo and London, called the English Settlement
Church, which congregation is formed partly in Lobo and London.
The names of those members who took a ])rominent and active; part in
organizing the Presbyterian congregation of Ivan (Lobo) were the
following : — William Colvin, William Whyte, Duncan McBean (Elder
of the congregation), John McQueen, Alexander Eraser, Duncan and
-lames Brown, and Donald De war, all of whom have passed away,
excejjting John McQueen and James Brown. The names of the
present Elders of the congregation are : — Duncan A. Campbell, Alex,
McLean and .lames ]\IcVicker.

The ( "atholic congregation of Komoka dates bade over thirty years,
when priests from London visited the ])eople. The church of the
present day has b jn attended from Strathroy since 1S71.

Loho Villaije in 1888 claimed a population of 32"). J. W. Edwards
was postmaster ; R. Sharp, general merchant ; T. R. Powell and R. L.
McCallum, wagon-makers; W. Mcliean, weaver; Geo. Munger, hotel
proprietor ; Geo. Murch, blacksmith ; Miss B. Mclaughlin, milliner ;
J. ]\IcVicker, J. Irvine and J. Mitchell, carpenters ; P. L. Graham,
physician ; and D. C. Mc Arthur, brick and tile manufacturer. Lobo
in 1851 was made up of eighty inhabitants. The old Baptist Church
was a mile from the hamlet, while near the south-east corner of Lobo
Township was Lord Montcashel's house. The Proof Line Road was

608

HISTORY OF THE

then an ojcom])lished fact. H. Gustin was general merchant here then
and for years before.

In ISZl the business circle comprised : — John Brown, township
clerk and treasurer; Hugh Carmichael, .1. P., fanner; E. G. Edwards,
M, D. ; \Vm. Fares, postmaster and dealer ; liev. James Ferguson,
Free Church ; W. C. Eraser, boot and shoemaker ; ^lichael Gager,
boot and shoemaker ; John Irvin, clerk of Division Court, convey-
ancer, »&;c. ; Dugald Graham, carpenter; John McDougall, inn keeper;
Mclntyre & Campbell, wagon and carnage factors ; Thomas Powell,
mason; Rev. D. Sinclair, Baptist; Wni. Smith, bailiff; Kev. William
Wilkinson, M. A., Baptist ; Hiram Wilson, inn-keeper.

Popliir Hill and vicinity claimed in 1888 a population of 125.
E. K. Barclay was postmaster, and he, with James Zavitz, were general
merchants. Mrs. G. Webster was hotel proprietor ; W. E. Mackliu,
physician ; J. C. Burgess, undertaker ; James McNeil and Geo. Tuckey,
blacksmiths ; B. P. Zavitz, jeweler ; D. P. Shotwell, wagon-maker ; F.
McKay and J. ^IcLean, shoemakers. B. P. Zavitz opened the first
store here. For three or four years prior to 1873 a Mr. Owen con-
ducted this store, and in the year named E. B. Barclay purchased the
property.

The Regular Baptist Church is one of the oldest Baptist congrega-
tions in this chstrict. Mr. Wilkinson was one of the early ministers
who preached in the old frame church, two and one-half miles north-
west of the present building. This was erected about four years ago,
during the admiiiistration of Rev. G. B. Davis.

The Disciples' Church, just south of Poplar, was attended years
ago by Rev. Dugald Sinclair, who preached there until his death. Rev.
Edmund Shepherd succeeded, who filled the pulpit until 1875, since
which time the pulpit has been variously filled.

Coldstream, in 1888, had a population of 118. Jacob Marsh was
postmaster and also miller. F. Deanire was owncir of the flouring-
mill ; J. T. Wood, conveyancer ; James McLean, boot and shoe dealer ;
N. Zavitz, wagon-maker ; S. Clair and T. McNeil, blacksmiths, and H.
M. Evans, painter. The village had a population of fifty in 1857.
John Wood was general merchant ; Elias Cutler, ]3ostmaster ; Benj.
Cutler, miller ; Robert Adamson, reeve, and George Thomas, cabinet-
maker.

Fernhill post office was presided over in 1888 by D. R. Owen,
who was also merchant. John Chapman's saw-mill, W. A. Anderson's
wagon-shop and 1). McCall's blacksmith-shop made up the settlement.

Duncinef claimed a population of eighty in 1888. A. F. Barclay
was postmaster and general merchant; Thomas Oliver, blacksmith ; J.
C. Shipley, miller, and E. R. Charlton and L. E. Shipley, live-stock
dealers.

Ivan claimed a population of fifty in 1888. N. A. Graham was
postmeater and blacksmith ; William Mclvor, general merchant, and
P. A. Campbell, carpenter.

COUNTY OF MIUDLESEX. 599

Amiens in 1888 claimed a population of twenty-five Joshna
b'a"!ZitrP""^^^"^"^^^"'-"-'-'«^^^

improvement:; bnJtntuS'ln 1='^^. A^'^Z wS

5 ar fi?v of 'r^-, ''^" ^'"^'^f.' "'^ ^'^^"-- -"« then h^'h f J^eTS
year, titty of which were passed n this townshin Hp 1,vJ T^"^"^"

years after his pioneer industry was swept away^' '"""^

s'ifl

510

HISTORY OF THE

CHAriER XXIV.

LONDON TOWNSHIP.

London Township is bounded on the north by McGillivray and
Bid(iul])h, east by Nissouri and Dorchester, west by Lobo, and south
by Westminster, the river Thames being the divi(Hng Hne.

The Thames, formerly La Tranchc'e, subseiinently La Tranche, and
since 17!lo the Thames, flows in a general westward course from the
west line of the city. At a point ojiposite Dundas street it receives its
north and south branches, the one being dividing line between the city
and township, and the other dividing the city and township from West-
minster. With the exception of a few tributaries of the Aux Saubles
and Bear Creek in the north-west, all the numerous creeks flow south
or south-west to join the Thames. A few ])onds and creek expansions
marlv the very few marshy spots in this great division of the couTity.

The first record of London Townshij) is dated the first IVtonday of
January, ISl'.i, when the inhabitants assembled at Joshua Apple-
garth's house, by order of Thomas Talbot and Daniel Springer, for the
purpose of electing township officers, Joshua Applegarth was chosen
clerk ; Kichard Talbot and Christopher Oxtoby, assessors ; John
Young, John Gety and Ezekiel Gilman, roadmasters; Thos. Rutledge,
sr., and Daniel Hine, pound-keepers; Wm. Asket and Thos. Askins,
wardens. At this time it was voted " that the clerk te authorized to
fir iiish a blank book for records, and that the collector is to collect a
York sixpence from each assembled inhabitant to defray the expenses
thereof" This pioneer record is signed by Duncan Mackenzie, who
appears to have taken Applegarth's pofition at once. The book then
purchased is a very ordinary one, but cost £1.

The annual meeting of 1820 was held at John Gety's house, with
Luke Owen, moderator. Duncan Mackenzie was chosen clerk ; Wm.
Morden and John Lee, assessors ; James Goulden, collector ; Thomas
Koutledge and Thos. J. Howard, wardens ; George Lovell and Michael
Eedmond, pound-keepers; Cooper Pixley and Dodley Min-ell, road-
masters between branches; Arch. McFarlane, Thos. Harrison, Joseph
O'Brien, Capt. Schofield and Aaron Hartson on the east side ; Luke
Owen, Reuben Simons, Thomas Smith and Nathan Jacobs on the west
side.

The cattle marks used in 1820-2 were as follows: — Duncan Mc-
Kenzie's cattle and hogs, left ear cropt and two cuts in right ear ;
Roland Engham's, a half-peimy cut out under the left ear ; William
Fuller's, a hole through right ear ; Donald Chambers's, a hole through
left ear ; Arch. McFarlane's, a half-penny cut under right ear and a
slit in the left ear ; John Wilson's, sr., a piece off the right ear and

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

611

two slits in same ; James McFarlane's, a half-j)oiiny cut umler each
ear ; Tliomas McFarlane's, slit in right ear and lower part cut out ;
Wni. Keniple's, a crop off the left and a slit in the right ear ; Wm.
Warner's, a swallow-fork in the right and a hole in the same , Rohert
Keay's, a swallow-fork in both ears ; Orange Clark's, a hole in the left
ear; John Morehouse's, a crop oil" the right ear; Truman Hull's, a
crop oH' the right ear ; James McMitchell's, a cut under the left ear ;
John Cornwall's, two half-peiuiy cuts in left ear ; Ebenezer Pharrer's,
half crop under both ears ; John Vandeburgh's, half crop above both
ears ; Benjamin Samburn's,- two holes in left ear ; Solomon Shennick's,
th(! left ear crept and a half-penny in right ear ; John Hanson's, a crop
oil' the left ear and two holes in right ; W. A. Park's, a crop oil' both
ears ; John Donaldson's, ditto with a slit in right ; John Jacob's, slit in
end of left and a half-penny over same ear ; John H. Segher's, a square
crop in right and a half-penny above same ; CJustavus Jucobs's, a half-
peTuiy cut under left ear and a cut in the upjier side ; William Don-
aldson's, a half-peiniy above right ear; Donald Barkly's, a square crop
oil' the left ear and a swallow-fork in the right ; Ralph Morden's, a slit
in the left ear and a hole in the right ; William Morden's, a crop ott'
right, a slit in left and upper part cut olf ; Moses Morden's, a croj) off
left, slit in right and upper \)nvt cut oH'; James and .Fohn Morden used
distinctive marks, also Jolni Corscut and Solomon Munroe prior to
January 1, 1823.

The early births and marriages recorded in London Township are
given as follows : — Aime, daughter of Duncan and Margaret Mackenzie,
June 11, 1817 ; Mary, December lit, 1818 ; John G., April 2it, 1822;
died December 24, 1<S2;> ; Alexander, May oO, 1(S24 ; died in June,
1825, and Margaret, Aprd 22, 1826. The latter was bajitized by Rev.
A. Mcintosh in May, 1826. The early marriages, not noticed in the
chapter on pioneer matrimonial allairs, were : — On March 7, 1823,
Arch. McFarlane and Janett Bryce were married by Ira Schofield, uad
on December ;>, that year, a child, whom they named Margaret, was
born. They had their second lawful daughter May o, 1825, and their
first lawfid son April 4, 1827. John Donaldson and Mary Anne
Phillips were married May 10, 1827, by Ira Schofield.

The clerks of London township from 181'.) to 1888 are named in
the following list: — DuTican Mackenzie, 181U-25 ; Wm. Geary, 1826;
Duncan Mackenzie, 1827-30 ; Joseph N. Hardy, 1831-3 ; Wm. Geary,
1S34; J. W. Hardy, 1835; James Farley, 183C> ; John Brown, 1S37;
Wm. Geary, 1838 ; Joseph N. Hardy, 1839 ; James Williams, 1840 ;
Wm. Gain, 1841-4; John Sifton, jr., 1845-8; and James Ferguson,
1849. Mr. Grant, the present clerk, has filled the position very accep-
tably for many years.

Pioneers.— Joshua Applegarth, an Englishman, settled on a small
ridge near Blackfriars bridge during the War of 1S12. His object was
to raise hemp on the flats. Owing to the manner in which he sull'ered
from ague, he moved to a point near Henry Schennicks, and later

;(

512

HISTOHY OF TIIK

lived in tliu house wlioro Goodliue liittT kcjit sUm* on Conoeasion 1
(this h(tiiso is siiiil to havt;- becui built by one Hubbard, who started
a stillhuuse across the road). " After AjipleHarth left his cabin nlxive
the Hats, about 1817," says Robert Summers, "the minors from Lam-
beth sijuatted in tlie one and a-half story log Iiouse — a chimney at one
end and a window in th(i upper i)art of the other end. His daujjiiters
weie, Marian and Pauline. After the first settleiiutnta were made at
London, J)ennis O'JJrien would call often on Marian, cUmbinj,' the
gable and enttu-ing the chamber through that window in Romeo fashion.
On one of such occasions a conspiracy to trap him for the purpose of
blackmail was put into eil'ect, but the Romeo, jumping from the win-
dow, escapeil." The Oxtoby and 1 )ecker families and all those men
named in tlu! foregoing municipal record were there shortly after 1 )ccker.

.lohn Talbot, born in Tipjjcrary County, Ireland, Se))tember L'l,
1797, died at Robinson, HI., in 1874, where he was editor of the
Conatitutlon since September, 1863. He was the second son of
Richard Talbot (who, in 1818, with sixty other Irishmen, came out on
the ship Brunswick and settled in London Township), and brother of
Edward Allen Talbot, who, in 1831, founded the London Sun, the
first jiaper in Canada west of Hamilton, and, in 183!t, established the
London Freeman's Journal. In 1831, John Talbot taught St. George's
School, on Lot 14, Concession (J, London, and in 1832 opened a school
on Ridout street. In 1836 he was employed as editor of the St.
Thomas Liberal, one of the ablest of the Patriot newspapers ; but fled
to Ohio as soon as he learned of the defeat of the I'atriots at Galla's
Hill. In l.S.")!» he established a hardware store at Somerset, O., where
he carried on business until 18(i3, when he moved to Ten'e Haute,
Ind., and the same year to Crawford County, III, where he died.
During the civil war he symj)athized with the (.'onfederacy, while his
brother, Freeman, who in 1837-8 was a Government man, .sym-
pathized with the Federals. Each of them gave a son to defend the
Union.

Freeman Talbot, who in 1818 came from Ireland, settled in
London Township, and, with Benjamin Springer, carried the chain
eiglit years later in surveying the town site. He as,sisted in opening
the first streets, worked on the jail and court-house, helped to make
the first brick ever manufactured in London, assisted in building the
first schools and churches, and in 1837 received the first comraissioiii
issued by the London District authorities, as commissary and billet
master. In 1849, he originated the first joint stock road company in
Ontario, and induced the })eople of London to invest 832,000 in build-
ing the Proof Line road, thirteen and a-half miles from London to the
south line of Biddulph. He was the first reeve of London Township
— in 1843. He established the Prototype, and was its owner and
editor for years ; and his marriage with Anne Eliza Clark was the first
solemnized by the late Bishop Cronyn in Canada.

Edwai-d Allen Talbot, born in Tipperary County, Ireland, in 1801,

COUNTY OF MII>1)LKSKX.

613

settled in London Townsliip in 1818. At tliat tim(! Giinlner's mill
stood \vli(!io an? now tlie water- works, and a hlazed trail ran from thi3
nnd adjoining townships to S])rinj,'ltank. In the fall of 1S'M'>, or sju'ing
(if \h:'u, Nixon's Flats, or London West, was inundated, a fact which
he remembered. He served with the (iovernment in the troubles of
18.S7-8.

John Fitz),'erald came from Ireland in l.S2(), and settled in London
Townshiji with his wife Rebecca. F. A. Fitzgerald, a son of this
jiioneer, was one of the builders of the water-works of London in
187N, and the builder and owner of the Fitzgerald Block on Dundas
street. John Ferguson, born in Cavan Co., Ireland, in 1800, migrated
to the Talbot settlement in ISIO; moved suUseciuently to London,
where he died in October, 1885. In 18G5, his wife, Hessie Waldcr,
died. John Mcllhargy came from Antrim Co., Ireland, to Lot 19,
Con. IG, London, in ISl'i', with his father. In lS;;7-8 he served
against the Patriots. His father died in 1857. Warren Ulinn settled
in London Townshij) where the A.sylum now stands. His son William
l)uilt the first street crossing, from I)ougIa.ss & Moore's store to the old
Man.sion House, and delivered the first new.spapers in London.

liobert .lackson, sr., of Armagh, Ireland, came to Westminster ia
1810, but in 1820 moved to Lot 19, Con. 6, London. During the
troubles of 1837-8, he was quartermaster near Amherstburgh. He
died in 18()4. Wm. Jackson, his son, died in 1873.

John Kobson and son George came from England in 1820, and
settled on Lot 29, Con. <S, London, where the father ilied in 1842. He
was an ensign in 1837-8. John Ilobson was killed in the fall of 1839
by his horse. It appears he got out of the saddle to jiick up his whip,
but at the moment he had one foot in the stirrup to remount, the
horse bounded forward, and the rider, cast back, struck his head on a
stone, resulting in his death in about six hours.

Wm. Wilson, who settled on Con. 9, London Township, in 1818,
forgot to take with him an iron wedge for s])litting rails, and had to
walk to Dundas, the nearest blacksmith's point, to obtain one. At
that time men had to ford the river at Byron, and carry their wives on
their bucks. Thomas Carling, who settled on Lot 14, Con. 8, London
Township, in July, 1818, died Feb. 17, 1880. In October, 1820, he
married Margaret, daughter of Thomas lioutledge, of this township.

George Belton, born in Ireland in 1798, settled in New York in
1810, and in Canada in 1820, on Lot 1, Con. 2, London.

Mrs. Margaret McKenzie, widow of the pioneer Duncan McKenzie,
died in March, 1871t, on the 4th Concession, London Township. They
were the first settlers in London Town.ship, haviug located there seven
years before the first tree was cut on the site of the present city. On
October 21, 1818 they moved to the old homestead from Long Point.
Among the old people residing there when this pioneer woman died,
were : — Donald McDonald, aged 86 years ; Mrs. Eoss, 87 ; Miss
Forbes, 87, and Mrs. McKenzie, the sister of deceased, 80. Mrs. Jane

514

HISTOKY OF TllK

Dalton followed her pioneer husband, Henry Ualton, to th{> grave in
1884. She was married in 1825, migrated to Canada in 1828, and for
forty-four years was a resident of London. Of her eleven children,
seven were living at the time of tlie mother's decease. .Fohn Little-
wood, born at Annandale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, 1775, came to
Horton, N. S., about 1802, and lived there over twenty years. He
came to Canada West in 18l,'(), and settled in the Townshii> of London,
on the farm of the late Itobert Robson, 13th Concession West. Tlios.
Howey, who si.'ttled on the east line of London Township, went hunt-
ing with a man named (Dr.) Newton in 1821. They started a bear
and chased the animal until night, when they built a wakiup. Next
morning, agreeing upon the direction home, they started out, each one
making observations, but with all their care the next night found the
hunters at tlie wakiup of the night before. Evidently tiiey made too
many observations. After a number of days' travel they saw a hay-
stack, where they slept that night — living on bark and herbs. Next
morning their dog was unable to jjroceed, but they lieard a dog bark
anil soon were at Townsend's house, on the Anx Saubles, in the neigh-
borhood of rarkhill. He treated them as lost and starved men should
be treated, then he got their dog and treated him similarly until all
were reaily to return, when he pointed out the trail to Byron. Josej)!!
North Hardy died in 1884. He was born in Ireland in ISOO, came to
Nissouri with his parents in 1818, where his father died in 1M!I.
That year he moved to Concession G, London Township, where he
resided until 18.'!9.

Col. -John 15 Askin, born at Detroit, Mich., in 1787, of Iri.sh par-
ents, died Nov. 15, ]8G'.I. Samuel Langford came v;ith his father from
Queen's Co., Ireland, in 1827, and settled on Lot 8, Con. 15, London.
His Lincoln sheep took first prize at the Centejinial Exposition in
187G. Robert Carfrae settled at London in 1830 as a carpenter, where
he resided until November, 1880, when he moved south. On his way
home he died in Ohio, and his death was recorded April 13, 1881. His
cottage in \\'estminster, at the south end of Talbot street, was known
among the pioneer homes of the city, lie it was who sold a large lot
on Dundas, between Kichniond and Clarence streets, for fifty dollars.
Patrick Smith, one of the ])ioneers of the north part of London Town-
ship, made llie collection of farm produce, from the proceeds of the
sale of which j)roduce the first Catholic Church building was erected,
^lark Dyer, an old settler of London Gore, died a few years ago, aged
about ninety nine years, which number was also the average weight of
the old man. On one occasion .1 ohn Hart and Wm. Sunnier arranged
an encounter between Dyer and Sam. Sage, of Dorchester, who was a
counteri)art of Dyer in physical ])roportions and love of whisky. The
two pioneers were filled with whisky, and in this condition began the
assault on one another. It was a hideous joke ; but the onUxtkers en-
joyed it, particularly as the beasts could not inflict any inj(uy. Tliey
rolled and rolled, but beyond this no one was injured. Crowell Wil-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

515

son, jr., born at St. Thomas in IS IT), settled in London Townsliip in
18oS, and in lcS;')9 establislied a carding-niill there, working only 9,000
pounds of wool the first year, although it was the only mill between
Goderich, Sarnia and London. In 184.j he worked 4"),000 pounds of
wool, notwithstanding the fact that there were then two mills at Lon-
don, one at CJoderich, and one in the northern jiart of London Township.

Only three horsi's could be found within tlie limits of the township
in 1824, and sonietliing ])eculiar attached to them. Two of the animals
belonged to one man, and there were only two eyes between the thn^e.
One of the horses had oidy one '^ye, the other was totally blind, and
the owner himself possessed only a single optic. Statements have
frequently been made about tlie great danger incurred from prowling
bears and wolves, but Mr. Yerex saw very few of these animals.

In is 17, it is said, there were only two I'amilies in London Town-
ship. In 1850 the population was Gfi'.'A. In 1849, Gl!,300 bushels
of wheat, 82,000 bushels of oats, 22,000 bushels of peas, S.l.OOO bushels
of turnips, with 32,000 pounds of wool, 28,000 ])ounds of butter, were
produced. Land was held at 817 per acre, and wild land at S7. in
184'J, there were five grist and four saw-mills in the township.

Among the prominent early settlers of London who resided in or
near the city in 1880 were: — M. J. P. Anderson, 1833; the Bechers
and Wm. Balkwill in 1832 ; J. Blackburn, 1847 ; J. M. Cousins,
1842; John Cooper, 1834; Henry Colerick, 1837; R. W. Cowley,
1832; Wm. English, 183"); James Ferguson, 1835; David Gla.ss,
1830; Wm. Glass, 1827; W. C. L. Gill, 1842; Geo. T. Hisco.x and
CD. Holmes, 1837; Charles Hutchinson, 1840; J. Jellery, 1845;
George Jackson and E, Leonard, 1838; H. ]\Iathewson, 1842; W. J.
jVIcIntosh, 1847; W. K. .Meredith, 1840; ("harles Murray, 1S37 ;
Plummer and Son, 1841; Thomas Peel, 1842; D. Regan, 1839; Col.
James Shanly, 1830; F. St. G, Thompson, 1845; Thos. W^astie, 18;!9,
and A. S. Abbott.

The sale of the old toll-gates, within London Township, took place
in February, 1882, J. T. Dinsmore being auctioneer. Gate No. I,
Hamilton Road, was sold to Thomas Roberts for .'?92, while other
relics were sold to Patrick Flynn, who said: — "I intend to ])lant them
right in the orchard, so that my descendants, a hundred yeavfi from
now, may get a glimpse of the old relics of barbarism, and have a
faint idea of what we u.sed to suffer antljiut uj) with in the nineteenth
century." Dayton's gate was sold to Robert Webster for !i?50 ; Rising
Sun gate, or that at W. H. Rook's corners, was .sold to Henry Sifton
for .^42 ; Stinchcombe purchased the Petersville ga'o for 875 ; while
No. 1 gate, on the Sarnia Road, brought .840.

Churches. — London Tf)wnship Circuit of the Methodist New Con-
nexion Church was formed in 1835, with James .Iack.son and J.
Whaley, ministers, the membership being 164. In IS.'!)), Wm. C.
Ward, Alex. Nickerson, J. Whaley and T. Waldron were preachers,
the number being enlarged owing to tiie fact that St. Thomas was

516

HISTORY OF THE

united to this circuit. In ISMT, Robert Earl, James Bell, J. Haney,
B. P. Brown and W. Benson preached here ; in 18.S8, John Shilton ;
in 1839, Darius Bettis; in 184(1, James Laidley ; in 1841, E. Van
Norman; in 1842, Edward Bailey; in 184o, Owen Campbell; in
1844, John C. Warren ; in 1845, A. Armstrong ; in 1847, Wm. Both-
well; in 1848, Charles Childs ; in ]84i>, Henry Coates and J. B.
Kersliaw. In 1850 the circuit was divided into London City Circuit
and London North Circuit.

London North Circuit of the Methodist New Connexion Chnvch was
detached from liOndon Township Circuit in 18,")0, with Henry Coates
and James Baskerville in char<:;e of fifty members. James B. Kershaw
was here in 1851-2 ; Walter Preston, 1853-5 ; James Scott, 1856-8,
with R. J. Tyler, assistant; Wm. Tindall and John McGuire, in 185',l;
James Seymour, in 1860-1, with R. Dunlop and A. Hartley, assist-
ants; James Scott, in 18()2. with T. L. Wilkinson; Wm. Gundy, in
186."i-5, with Burns, Keani and Robinson, assistants ; James White, in
1866-7, with A. B. Walker and N. A. Macdiarmid ; Joseph Follick, in
181)8; William Webb, in 18(i9-70 ; Robert Walker, in 1871-2, Thos.
Grandy being assistant in 1872; Robert Smylie, in 1873-4, with W.
L. Hackett assisting.

The Wesleyan Church building on the 16th Concession line of
London and the middle side-road east of the Proof Line, was completed
February 2, 1862.

The London Wesleyan Circuit, formerly a part of London City Cir-
cuit, was estabhshed in 1845, with C. Flumerfelt and Geo. Kennedy,
preachers. In 1846, William Dignam replaced Kennedy. In 1847-8,
William Pollard came, Francis Chapman assisting in 1847, and Charles
Silvester in 1848. Richard Phelps was preacher from 184!) to 1851,
with Edward White and John G. Laird, assistants. In 1852-3, Alex-
ander T. Green, with James Taylor and Thonuis Crews, preached here ;
in 1854-5, Thomas Cleghorn, with T. Crews and J. W. Savage, were
the ministers ; in 1856-8, John A. Williams, with J. S. Clarke and A.
E. Russ, were on this circuit; in 1859, Charles Turver; in 1860-1,
John G. Laird and Samuel Tucker ; in 1862-3, William English and
Isaac Barber. In 1864, London Circuit ceased to exist, and London
North and London South were established.

London North comprised the northern part of the township. The
first minister was William Chajmian, in 1864 ; James Ivison, 1865-6 ;
William J. Hewitt, 1867-9 ; James Harris, 1870-2 ; Charles String-
fellow, 1873.

London South, or the south part of London Township, was set off
in 1864, The pastors of the Wesleyan conference were : — Noble F.
English, 1864-5; James E. Dyer, 1866-8; Richard J. Forman, 1869-
71; Noble F. English, 1872-3.

London North Methodist Church of Canada comprised Wesleyans
and New Connexion Methodists, when founded in 1874, ("harles
Stringfellow, the first minister, reported 179 members. He with H.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

517

E. Hill were ministers in IST'j ; James Kennedy and William H.
Gane, in 1876 ; he with G. W, Henderson, in 1877, and with William
Penhall in 1878. In 1879, William Walsh and James W. Sifton
were ministers, and he with William H. Spence in 1880; William
Walsh, of Birr, and W. H. Spence, in 1881; Thomas Jackson, 1882-^;
with George Kejinedy, jr., assisting, who was replaced in 1884, by F.
li. Stacey.

The Methodist buildings at Melrose were completed in January,
1888, during tlio administration of Ilev. Mr. Muxworthy.

In July, 18:!;5, William Proudfoot, of the United Church of Scot-
land, then settled in London Township, presented a petition to be
autliorized to celebrate marriage. This was granted. In July, 183"),
his son was appointed pathmaster, vice himself, who removed. For
over half a century the name has been connected with the (Jhurch in
London Townshi}) and city. Ilev. James Skinner, who died on the
12th Con. of London, October 17, 186.3, v/as j>astor of two Presby-
terian congi'egations in that vicinity for twenty-five years.

AnH(, or St. Johns, in 1880 comprised 260 inhabitants. Alfred
Cummings was postmaster; Mrs. Elliott and B. E. Sifton, general
dealers ; Kobert Clark, John McNabb and W. Bernard, blacksmiths ;
Edwin Brooks and John Parker, hotel-keepers; W. Guest, harness-
maker ; W. Cummings, butcher, and W. B. Thompson, shoemaker.
George Shoidts was physician. The manufacturing industries were
I'epresented by James and Wm. Wyatt and G. Allen, wagon-makers,
and Jacob Hawkins's flouring-mill. Arva claimed 200 inhabitants in
18r)7. .John Atkinson, of St. Johns hotel, and John Monaghan were
innkeepers ; Wm. Saunby, grist-mill ; B. E. S. Sifton, Stiles & Gordon,
merchants ; Thomas Elliott, saloon-keeper and baker ; John Elliott,
Itobert Orr, AVm. Bell and John McNabb, wagon-makers and black-
smiths; John Hebblethwaite, cabinet-maker; John Irwin and Job
Wilson, shoemakers; Miss Wheatley, milliner; Crowell Wilson,
farmer ; Green Brothers, woolen-factory and saw-mill ; Joseph Sifton,
postmaster, .and Dr. Brunson.

Thomas Elliott, who settled in London Township in 1849, and was
hotel-kee])er at Arva (St. Johns) for twenty years, died in September,
1S84. He was Captain of the St. .lohns Infantry Company, utitil
succeeded by Geo. Wood, who gave place to Capt. Thomas 0. Kobson.
The old Montgomery House near Arva was leased in April, 1883, by
Geo. Porte, of Lucan.

St. John's English Church was presided over in 1845 by Rev. C.
C. Brough. In l!Sr)8-9, the name of G. llylands appears as an incor-
porate member, and among others, the Talbots, Fitzgeralds, Curries
and Lewises. In 1<S60-1, no less than eighteen members of the Shoe-
bottom family contributed to church work, with the families, — Need-
liams, McGuffins, Monaghans, McManes, Waldens, Harrises, Elworths,
Wilsons, Orrs, Powells, Collinses and others.

In 1867, St. John's, including Trinity, St. George's and the Carlisle
33

rii8

HISTOKY OF THE

Mission, was presided over by Mr. Broiigh, with Rev. W. Davis in
charge of the last-named three missions. In l.S(j8, Harding's school-
house was added to this parish, and in JS6!>, Rev. Wilson succeeded
3Ir. Davis. Mr. Wilson now resides at Wingham. In 1873, Rev.
J. Walker Marsh, the present rector took charge. The Emmanuel
Church, or Shoebottom congregation, ajipears to have been formed in
1S82, when Rev. R. Fletclior was appointed; in 1884, Rev. W. ^L
Seaborne succeeded, and then the present pastor named in the general
chapter.

Hyde Park Corner in 1888 claimed a poptdation of 400. A. E.
Morris was postmaster; R. G. Fisher, barrister ; Wm. Fuller, saw-mill
owner ; J. M. Jackson, physician ; G. S. Kennedy, hotel proprietor ;
]\Ialcolm McArthur, depot agent ; John Fenner, G. Morris and John
!Morris, butchers, and G. Treemer, carriage builder.

The village is near the Junction of the (rrand Trunk Railroad and
the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, in the midst of a rich agricul-
tural district. Owing to its proximity to London it has never attained
a higher position than a hamlet.

The English Churcli of Hosannah dates back to May .">0, 1881,
the fu'st regular minister being Rev. A. Fletcher, but before that Ven.
Archdeacon Brougli used to occasionally hold services. Rev. ]\lr. Sago
was appointed in 1882, and while services have since been held in the
school-liouse, his ei forts have resulted in the jiresent church being
commenced. The first trustees were Henry Routledge and Finchamp.
The corner-stone of the new church building was placed July 10,
1888. Churchwardens, Messrs. Thomas Routledge and David Cum-
mings; Building Committee, Messrs. R. Shaw Wood, John Wallis, jr.,
John Woods, John Routledge, George Nixon, Francis Edwards and
Robert Routledge. The site was presented by Capt. R Shaw Wood.

The modern school-house at Hyde I'ark was completed in Decem-
ber, 18(>7, at a cost of 81,500. The trustees were -Fames Fisher, Jas.
McDonald and Jonathan Wade.

Rev. Andrew Kennedy, who, in 1841, sailed from Scotland for
Canada, and in 1847 settled at Hyde Park, died in ]\Iay, 1882. It
was said in 1881 that he was the oldest Presbyterian minister living.
He was buried in the Proudfoot cemetery,

London Wed, or Petersville, was incorporated Jinie 5, lcS74, on
a motion made by Thomas Routledge, seconded by John M. O'Neil.
AValter Lawrence was appointed returning oflicer, Gibson Wright and
John Evans having previously taken the census.

In 18(82 Messrs. Hammond, Lackie and Wattam were elected
councillors of London West, with J. Piatt, reeve, and W. Spence, deputy.

In 18<S4, Messrs. Collins, Smith and Houghton were choisen coun-
cillors for London West, with Reeve Piatt anil Deputy-reeve Campbell.
The election of 1887 resulted as follows : — For reeve — Campbell,
209; Lacey, 139. For councillors — Bartlett, 42 ; Chapman, 79 ; Hart-
man, 77; Hammond, 99; A. S. Jeffries, 154; li. S. Rockett, 141 ; W.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

519

Smith, 171. School trustees — Hadden, G2 ; James Jeflries, 202 ;
Kennedy, 18o; Moore, 123; Murdock, 138.

In 1888 the Council comprised: — Reeve Lucey, Deputy-reeve
Macdonald, Councillors Tuttle, Campbell, Eockett ; Treasurer NichoU
and Secretary Minton.

The receipts for the half-year ending June, 1888, amounted to
$10,.j5;}.GG, of which $9,112.63 were expended as follows: —

Board of Works S 60,''. 45

lireakwatcr 2.')9 50

Schools 1,624 C5

Notes and interest 4,398 90

Legislative expenses l.'')7 70

General exi)ense8 55 05

Relief 61 19

Kent of hall 36 00

Printing and stationery Ij 48 62

Street lighting 225 00

Hoard of Health 10 00

Salaries 337 00

Solicitor 55 30

Rebate of taxes 5 62

Separate School tax 71 48

County rates and interest.... 1,161 17

The ^lethodist cause in London West (at that time I'etersville)
began with prayer-meetings, probably held in private houses, and small
services in the public school-house, about the time Rev. James Elliott
was stationed at North street, in this city. At one time the outlook
was not encouraging, for the school-house services did not draw the
people together. It soon became evident that if progress was to be
mfide a church must be built. Wesleyan clergymen and laymen of
the city assisted, local collections were made by John Elson and others,
and Mrs. I'eters, mother of Colonel Peters, presented a building site —
that on which the church now stands. S. Screaton presented the brick
foundation, and Colonel R. Lewis the stained glass windows. The
opening service took place July 31, 1870. The dedication sermons
were preached by the Rev. J. Learoyd, now in the eastern part of the
Province, Rev. Dr. Dewart and Rev. James E. Dyer. The chiu'ch was
detached from Queen's Avenue Circuit in 1876. John E. Lanceley
Avas pastor from 1876 to 1878 ; Benj.amin B. Keefer, from 1879 to
1880. Thomas Cosford was ])astor of London West in 1881 ; Robert
Fowler, 1882-3; E. 15. Lanceley, 1884; and Rev. C. Smith is the
present ])asfor. In July, 1880, a reopening service was held. Rev. S.
J. Hunter p ching the sermon. The church has been improved at
various times, a commodious school-room added, a handsome parsonage
built, and the church property is valued at about $10,000. The terrible
flood of 1883 was a serious blow to this congregation, the homes of
many of the members being destroyed or damaged.

In 1862, Rev. J. P. Du Moulin presided over St. George's parish,
together with the churches at Carlisle and Man-'s school-house, Rev.
E. Sullivan being changed. In 186;!, Rev. H. Caulfield was appointed
to the charge of these congregations and St. Mary's at McGillivray. In
later years Rev. R. Wilson was appointed to this, with Trinity and
Carlisle ; in 1884, Rev. E. E. Newman.

In 18G3, Mr. Du Moulin was transferred to Trinity Church, under

Rev. Mr, Brough, rector of St. John's.

Among

the incorporate mem-

520

HISTORY OF THE

bers of St. George's Church, London Township, were the Robsons,
Thextons, Robertses, Lambeits, Stanleys, Waughs, Thirlwalls, Shipleys,
Knowleses, Gibsons, Lowthers, Truborns, Hodgsons, Hartwicks, Walkers,
Bonds, Mnrphys; while at Carlisle were the Schrams, Longstafls,
Routledges, 'liviugtons, Rossers, Toppings, O'Leary, Dr. Hopkins, and
others. Rev. E. Sullivan was rector here in 185iS-'.1, and also attended
the church at Carlisle. In l.SGt!, Rev. W. E. Walker took charge.

The English Church of St. George, Petersville, is first named in the
records of 1874-5, when Rev. E. Davis, of St. James's, Westminster,
was i)astor. Rev. J. Gemley, assistant to Rev. limes, of St. Paul's,
London, presided here in 1876 ; Rev. H. F. Darnell, 1879 ; and Rev.
E. E. Newman, 1882. In the general history, reference to this churcli
is made, and there also the early history of Applegarth's settlement is
given.

While London West is a jiretty jilace throughout, there are not
many residences of a palatial description within its borders. Among
the finest are those belonging to D. C. Macdonald, A. .1. B. Macdonald,
Reeve Lacey, W. H. Bartram, Col. Peters, W. W. Fitzgerald, S. F.
Peters, E. F. Johnston, Thos. Macgoey, J. D. Saunby, T. F. Kingsmill,
John Piatt and Mrs. Gower.

Birr in 1888 claimed 150 people. Peter Bowey was postmaster
and general merchant ; Thomas ( JreightoTi, hotel-keeper ; L. Lambourn
and John Storey, blacksmiths ; J. S. Hodgins, agent for agricultural
implements. The cheese -factory was the only manufocturing industry
of the settlement. The place is the centre of the live-stock trade, and
several dealers make their homes there. The cheese-factory was
erected in 1888, at a cost of $2,~->()i); and on May 2 the manufacture of
cheese was begun, the product averaging Onu lbs. per day during the
season. The officers are: — J. W. Ferguson, president ; E. K. Sale,
vice-president ; Peter Bowey, C. Goulding, and R. M. Hobbs, directors ;
J. W. Taylor, secretary ; and James Bell, tieasurer.

The ceremony of opening the new English church at I'irr took
place January 18, 1880. The new house stands on the same lot with
the old one, where Archdeacon Brough preached for twenty-five years,
and where he died, March 14, 1873. To Rev. Robert Wilson, who
took charge of the parish in 1872, the completion of this church build-
ing was, in a large raeastu'e, due.

Elginfield in 1H'.\8 claimed :!01 inhabitants. Matthew Glass was
postmaster and hotel proprietor ; Stephen McCormick, merchant ;
Patrick Mangle, cheese-manufacturer ; Elias Blake, brick-manufactur-
er ; James Hawkins, blacksmith ; William McCombs, veterinary sur-
geon ; and James Burtch, cabinet-maker. In 1857 the population
was 50, while the business and church circles were made up as follows :
— Rev. P. (Jrinian, Roman Catholic ; Dagg & Holloway, blacksmiths ;
George Eighenbrot, shoemaker ; Farrell & Smibert, store-keepers ;
William Frank, postmaster and store-keeper ; Andrew Gardener, tailor ;
Claudius Hamilton, store-keeper ; James Hawkins, blacksmith ; Wm.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

521

H. Eyan, tavernkeeper ; and Rev. James Scott, New Connexion
Methodist.

Denfidd (formerly Brecon) in 18.S8 claimed 100 inhabitants. John
Edwards was postma.ster; B. McKay, general merchant; John Orr,
hotel-keeper ; Isaac Hodsoii, wayon-maker ; and D. \). Brazell, saw-
mill owner.

The history of the early Baptist Chnrch is related in the pages de-
voted to Lobo Township.

In October of 18.'>4, an intlependent organization was effected,
which was long known as the Welsh Baptist Church, and later as the
Denfield Church. The ministers present at its organization were
Elders Paul and Vining. The constituent members numbered between
forty and fifty. Some years later they determined to build a house of
worshiji. The resolution was adopted in the evening, and the next
morning five young men went to tho woods and began to cut the
timber. It was hauled out that winter, and the house put up in the
spring. It was in it the present church was formed when the members
withdrew from Lobo.

A frame building succeeded the log, and in it they worsliiped
until about l<sr)4, when a storm swe])t it away. The present house
was erected in IS,").") at a cost of §2,000. There was no regular pastor
until liS46, when William Thomas, a Welshman, arrived. Later, D.
W. liowland, of St Thomas, preached at intervals ; in 1S58, Rev. Thos.
Owen came and served the church for seven years ; he was followed
by Rev. D. AV. Rowland, who remained eight years. Afterwards the
pulpit was supjilied by students from Woodstock, until E. W. Dodson,
one of them, was called as pastor, and served about seven years, wiieu
Rev. J. Dempsey, the present zealous pastor, took charge. The deacons
are : — I'hilip Rosser, Gritlith Griffiths, and John Rosser, with Thomas
Morgan, jr., clerk.

Ilderton in 1888 claimed a population of 200, .1. H. McRae was
postmaster, and he with Paisley & Son, were general mercliants ; J. L.
Kendall, railroad agent ; T. McCandless, physician ; H. F. Aylsworth,
ban le.ss- maker ; Robert Paisley and S. Reynolds, hotel proprietors;
Robson & Son, builders ; Henry Storey, hardware ; T. J. ( 'latworthy,
sash and door factory : H Ironside, wagon-maker ; W. Patrick, lum-
ber-dealer; and Joliu Williams, grain-dealer.

Henderson Lodge, oS8, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July I, 1S81.
The masters have been : — Robt. Patterson, 18S1-2 ; J. T. Dinsniore,
1883-4; Thomas Oliver, 1885; Andrew Brown, 1880; J. D. O'Neil,
1887.

Vanneck and vicinity claimed a population of 125 in 1888. J. W.
Robson was postmaster ; Wm. Wood, merchant ; W. T. Robson, physi-
cian ; Bartley Robson, brick and tile manufacturer ; and W. A. Caver-
hill, builder.

Bifyanston in 1888 claimed 225 inhabitants. T. B. Goulding
was postmaster ; and he with Edward Dann were general merchants ;

622

HISTORY OF THK

J. Cheney and G. Easton, blacksmiths ; Joseph Gouldiiig, hotel-keeper;
and J. Beavis, painter. The manufacturing industries comprised the
cheese -factory ; J. & S. Grant's saw-niill ; W. Lampbourn's and C.
Fanar's carriage and wagon-shops. Dr. (,'lark was resident physician.

Middlesex Lodge, 37'.), A, F. & A. M., was chartered July 1, l87Vt.
The past masters are named as follows: — Isaac Nicholson, l(S79-80;
E. Roberts, 1881 ; I. 0. G. Sale, 1882 ; Thomas Gowan, 1883-85 ; W.
Johnston, 1886 ; D. McPherson, 18.S7.

Kensington in 1888 had a population of seventy-five. 11. A.
Jones was postmaster and general merchant ; John Horsman and JeiTy
McDonald had hotels here ; John Beaton, a grocery store, and the
hamsters, W. W. Fitzgerald and W. H. Bartram resided here. A. &
E. Mountjoy's fruit business, and Murdock's conservatory were at this
point.

New Brighton Circuit was established in 1874, with Charles
Freshman, pastor ; James Charlton presided in 1875 ; Jabez Edmunds,
in 1870-7 ; F. H. Sanderson and A. M. McCullocli in 1878 ; Thomas
CoUing, 187l)-80; George Brown, 1882-4, with Thomas Cosford
superannuated.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

523

CHAPTER XXV.

MGILLIVRAY TOWNSHIP.

i\IcGillivray Township is bounded on the west by Lainbtoii county,
on the north by Huron county, on the east by Biddulpli, and on the
south by London, East Wilhams anu West WilHanis Townships. The
river Aux Saubles and its tributaries may be said to give a .stream to
every section, while on the west line this river loses the character of a
creek, and assumes that of ii navigable stream. The greater part
of the extreme western end of the township formed what was known
until recently as " the Canada Company's drowned lands, being liable
to inundation by the Aux Saubles and Spread (,'reek. The Little
Saubles and other tributaries of the main stream water all the eastern
sections.

In 1885, John Poore, of Lot 25, Con. 5, McGillivray, entered on
the work of boring for water. On January 1, 1886, when the drill
had reached a depth of about 180 feet, a gas vein was struck. On
being ignited the gas burned for three hours, when the rising water
extinguished it. On the pump being introduced, both water and
petroleum were discovered.

Official History. — In 184.'> a meeting, the first recorded, was held
at Robert Hodgius's house, when \Vm. Carter was chosen clerk ; Law-
rence Barry, assessor ; John Hodgins, collector ; Thomas Laughliu,
pound-kee))er ; W. Henry, R. Long and Isaac Moody, wardens ; W.
Lewis, 11. Merrick, R. Seals, Thomas Laughlin and Geo. Barber, school
commissioners.

The names of Lawrence Barry as assessor, and James Varley as
collector, appear in 1844. Isaac Moody, William Lewis and Thomas
Richardson were wardens. Robert Hodgius. the collector, reported the
receipt of £26 (is. for roads from Treasurer Harris, of London district.
The pound-keepers in 1845 were John Forbis, .Tohn Corbett and Wm.
Boydon ; wardens, James Cotter, Thomas Richardson and Patrick
Flanagan ; assessor, Wm. Barber ; collector, John Hodgins ; councillor,
James Barber ; clerk, Wm. Carter. The pathmasters were : — J ames
Neil, W, Henry, James Varley, Wm. Lewis, John Cain, John Ryan,
Henry O'Neil, Eichard Sail, Jeremiah Collins, Thomas Elwood, John
Bradley, James Cotter, James Monaghan, Christopher Lewis, John
Doran, James Craig and Wm. Fisher.

In 1846, James Simpson was assessor. In 1847, James Barber
was elected councillor. In 1848, George Carter was chosen clerk ;
and William Carter, councillor, with Patrick Flanagan, Andrew Neil
and James Carter, wardens. In 1850, John Flanagan was appointed
clerk ; William Fisher, reeve ; Thomas Richardson, collector ; James

524

HISTORY OF THE

Simpson, assessor ; Thomas Hodj^ins, treasurer ; Kobert Long and John
Graham, auditors ; James Hand}', superintentlent of education. Be-
yond the enactment of sundry laws governing the runnin<j of stock at
lari^e, and the improvement or opening of a few roads, tlie old town-
ship Board did nothing. The new Board of 185(1, jn'csided over by
Wm. Fisher, passed a series of municipal laws. In January, 1851,
Patrick Flanagan was elected reeve. At that time the salary of the
clerk was jjlaced at £10 i)er annum. In 1852, liichard Shoults was
clerk ; John Corbett was reeve, succeeded in 1855 by E. Wood. In
1854, John Wesnidge was appointed clerk (for some time he fdled the
office of treasurer), succeeding John Flanag<an. Daniel Sholf served
from 1855 to the clo,se of 1800; Edwin Patching from 18(11 to the
clo.se of 1864; and William Fraser from 18G5 to 18S1). In 185(;,
Eichard Shoults was appointed reeve, and served until succeeded in
18G0 by John Corbett. He with Andrew Pobiiison, dejjuty, were
serving in 18(Jl-2, whei, this township and Biddulph were aiuiexod to
Middlesex.

A meeting was held at Patrick Flanagan's Inn, McGillivray, July
22, 1852, to consider the question of annexing that townshij) and Bid-
dulph to Middlesex, .lohn Corbett presided, with -lames Porte, secre-
tary. Among the leading sup))orters were : — Wm. H. Eyan, Wm.
Carter, Patrick Flanagan, Edward IMahon, John Atkinson, Daniel
ShoH', Samuel Bradley, and Pat. ^Icllhargy. A jietition was drafted
and copies sent to Malcolm Cameron, member for Huron; Thomas
C. Dixon, member for London; and Crowell Wilson, member for
Middlesex. The act of June '.), 1862, provided, that on January 1,
1863, the Townshijis of McGillivray and Biddulph be detached from
Huron County and attached to Middlesex. On June 10, 1857, an act
to authorize the Township of ^IcGillivray to dispose of unoi)ened and
unused road .allowances was .assented to. In 1850, when the town-
ship was oi'g<anized under the new municipal act, five freeholders were
to be elected to form the Council, but there were only six of such resi-
dents in the townshij) : — Wm. Carter, John Corbett, James ^larr, Wm.
Amos, Andrew Eobinson and Andrew Erskine, took uji their lands
here. The two last-named having ex])lored the township for forty
miles without a guide, save the land m.ap, they found the lots tliey
located .at the Goderich office, and made their homes thereon in 1849.
Patrick Flanagan, Eichard Shoults, James Barber, Wm. Carter, and
J.ames C. Priestly, the List-named, a .settler of the fall of 1849 ; Thos.
Hodgins, William Fisher, John Flanagan, with Andrew Eobinson, and
Andrew Erskine, were here in 1850.

Daniel S. (Aameron, born in Lobo in 1842, went with his p.arents
to McGillivray in 1849. His father Samuel came from Scotland in
1833, and he (himself) w.as a prisoner of the Patriots at Fort G.arry for
two months in 1870. Mrs. Catherine Doyle, who was one of the
pioneers of McGillivray, died Feb. 18, 1888, aged 84 years. Dr.
Cornelius East, who died at Forest in September, 1883, settled with

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

626

his parents in McGillivray in 1849. In 1873 he began the practice
of niediciiic at Napier. James Watson settled in McOlillivray in
1847, and in 184S he and liis brother Eichard built the first house on
Con. IS. His death took place Feb. 21, 18.S7. John Simpson, who
for forty-five years resided in McCiillivray, died May 1(1, 188(). Mrs.
Donald Mackenzie, of McGillivray, was killed by a falling tree, April
7, 1874. Wm. Walsh was killed at Yankee Crossing, Oct. 11, 1887.
Of many of the old settlers of McGillivray, there were residing there
in 1878-80 the following named: — Phillip liosser, a settler of 1835;
James Ih'ophey, 1843; John Krighton. 1851; Thomas A. Boynton.
1850; John J. Cassidy, 1852; James Corbett, 1843; W. L. Corbett,
James Darhiig, IN.'ia; Joseph Dancey, 1857; A. Erskine,
Wm. Fraser, 1858; Wm. A. Tike, 185G; Rotert Gardner, sr.,
Wm. Hutchinson, 185.S; ,Iohn Hodgins, 1849; Alex. Hotson,
Thomas Hall, IS.^.li; George Harlow, 1842; John Kelly, 1851;
Little, 1852; T. ]McInne,s, 1853; James Man', 1852; Aaron

Wm. O'Neil,
Smith, 18."i(; ;
Smith, 1853 ;

1844;
184il;
1849 ;
1851 ;
John

Marrett, 1855; C. T. McPher.son, 1853; R. Neil, 1852
184C); E. Patching, 1850; Hugh Quigley, 1853; J. S.
F. E. Slack, 1850 ; iJuncan Stevenson, 1(S51 ; John
Daniel Sholf, 1840 ; and Wm. Eraser, 1858.

West McGillivray in 1888 claimed a populatioi of 75. William
Eraser was postmaster and merchant ; D. J. Craig, notel-keoiier ; \Xm.
Smith, brick-manufacturer ; John Patterson, wagon-maker ; H. Melian,
shoemaker, and Wm. Weir, blacksmith. I'atrick Maguire was the
first postmaster. He was succeeded by George Stonehouse, and he by
William Eraser, who has held the position for .ibout a (piarter of a
century. The first trial in Middlesex County under the Scott Act was
that of David J. Craig, of West McGillivray, May 3, iSSCi. He was
charged with selling liquor to the council of the township, but Magis-
trate Wells did not consider the evidence of Shoff, Lintott and Lucas
sufficient to convict, and so dismissed the charge.

Lienry in 1888 claimed a population of 75. Alex. Smith was
postmaster and general merchant ; J. J. Hymers, carriage-builder ;
Wm. Smith, brick and tile manufacturer; J. H. Hodgins, blacksmith ;
W. McCartney, tailor; J. Buchanan, carpenter, and James Boss, .shoe-
maker,

Corhctt contained a population of 40 in 18S<S. John Corbett was
postmaster and owner of the flouring-niill ; Brown and Young were
general merchants; J. ]\IcPherson, wagon-maker; W. J. Pollock,
blacksmith ; J. H Ryan, hotel-keeper, and .fames Hawker, lumber-
dealer.

Moray in 1888 had a population of 125. David Poulter was
postmaster and general merchant ; George Birnes, hotel proprietor, and
Thomas Jennings, lumber mills proprietor.

linnsley claimed 100 population in 1888. George Brown, the
postmaster, also kept a general store ; John Hodgins was blacksmith ;
E. Sholdice, wagon-maker, and Robert Scile, saw-mill owner.

526

HISTORY OF THE

large

fjeiieral stores.

Circuit of the Wesleyan Church was
C J(!o. Sexsinith, minister. In ] .S()3, Wni.
in 18(14 by (Jeorgo Sexsniith, who was

McGillivrtiy ia mm., uj) of W.J.Wilson's
He also is ixjstmaster.

Clmrchen. — McCiillivray
estal)lished in 1 SG2, with Ilev,
Tucker ])r(!.si(kHl, succeeded

pastor in ISO", wlu'ii the name was changed to Ailsa Craig. The
church just west of McGillivray's store was erected in 1865 in the old
burial ground.

The members of West's class of Wesleyans in 18i>6 were : —
Samuel West and family, the Hannas, Eobinsons, Kees, Joneses, Wil-
liamses, Kennedys, Cassadys, Tweddles, Camerons, Nickols, Tedders,
and Coles. Nursery class of the Methodist ( 'hurch of Lucan appears
on the records of 18JS4. Among the members at that time the names
of the following are given : — Joseph Dixon, Geo. Shoults, David ( 'ob-
bledicks, John Grundy and wife, Wm. Lewis, John Atkinson, Jonas
Powe, the Neils, James Thompson, Frank Abbott, Richard Culbert,
W. W. Itivington, Thomas ClolV, (ieo. Williams, and their families,
with a few otliers. This class forms one of the appointments of Lucan
Circuit.

Another church was organized there in 1801, by Rev. Jas. Walker,
who came from New Brunswick to spend a season with his followers
here. In May, 1862, organization was completed with Peter, Ann,
Sarah, Alexander and Cliarlotte Cathro ; Francis and Eliza Lowe ;
David and Jane Daly ; John McVicker ; William and Eliza Alway ;
Levi, Ezra and Eleanor Turner ; Catherine Kennedy ; T. Woodburn ; E.
Holland ; Edward and Eliza Lonsborough, and Phoebe Saunders. Ezra
Turner was ordained pastor Se])tember 3, 1862, by a council of the
churches known as the London Welsh, first and second of Lobo,
Pinehill, Sylvan and Arkona. In the fall of 1866, a frame building
was erected on land donated by John Holmes, next to the burial
ground hitherto donated by Mr. Castro. The last pastor of this society
was Rev. R. Fountain, who migrated to Ohio in April, 1888.

The brick Presbyterian Church of Lieury was dedicated in October,
]88(). The congregation of this church is referred to in other pages.

St. Mary's English Church, McGillivray, may be said to date back
to 1863, when Rev. H. Caulfield, of St. George'.s, London Township,
was appointed to this mission. In 1864 a mission was established in
West McGillivray under his care. In 1866, W. E. Walker was ap-
pointed. In 1869-71, Rev. W. Davis was pastor; Rev. F. Ryan,
1873 ; Rev. C. J. Green, 1874-5. In 1877, Mr. Holmes attended to
St. Mary's and Christ Church, and also Carlisle mission, as well as
Trinity, of Ailsa Craig. In 1878, Rev. W. Johnson.

In 1847, Rev. H. C. Cooper presided over the English Church,
McGillivray, or Devonshire settlement, which then had five stations
(but no church building) and eighty members.

St. Mark's Church, of McGillivray, was presided over in 1859 by
Rev. S. Tighe, who was also rector of Biddulph.

COUNTY OF MIDPLESEX.

527

Bostoti mission was established in 1 87<S, (lurin<:; the first year of
Mr. Johnston's administration. Rev. W. Davis jnvsidod over McGilli-
vray mission in 186'.»-7], inehiding Ailsa Craig, St. Mary's, Christ
Church and Parkliill congregations.

Tiie early members of the Catholic Church in McGillivray, where
Father Kirwan held a station in 1«49, were: — riiilip Ilegan, P. Gla-
vin, Edmund Glavin, M. Glavin, Patrick Neary, Launcelot O'Dwyer,
Daniel Hobbins, M. Tinor, M. lluddy, Thomas Darby, Patrick Fogarty,
John Keane, lUrtholomew O'Neil, P. Maguire, Lawrence Barry, John
Mcllhargy, P. Ityan, P, Cowley, John McDonnell, D. Franklin, Charles
Clarke, Patrick Flanagan, Hugh ( 'arson, J(jhn and Stephen Pocock,
John Finn, John Kourke, Thomas Cosgnjve, Michael Keimedy, Philip
Eielly, Hugh Uoland, Timothy and Patrick Kennedy, Andrew Heahan,
Martin Casey, Hugh McCailrey, .Fohn and William Flanagan, Peter
Logan, James McFarlane, James McPeake, J. Fogarty, Donald Magin-
nis, Wm. Thompson, John Burns, Deiuiis O'Brien, Thoniiis Flood, John
Deignan, John Malone, .lohn Christie and James O'Connor. Since
1871 McGillivray has been attended from Mt. Carmel, of which jiarish
Rev. P. Brennan was rector at that time. In 187"), Rev. M.Byrne
came, and in 1880, Reverends M. Kelly and R. O'Ke'ifti.

The recent appointments of ministers to all churches are noticed in
the general chapter.

Agricultural Society. — The McGillivray Agricultural Society was
organized about 1860, with J. S. Smith, president, and Richard Shoult'',
secretary, served until 1876, when he moved to Parkhill. William
Wright succeeded him and is now secretary, with Mr. Marr, president.

528

HISTORY OF THE

CHAPTER XXVI.

METCALFE TOWNSHIP,

Metcalfe Township is bounded north by Adelaide, east by Caradoc,
south by Ekfrid, and west by Mosa townshi])s and Lambton county.
The Sydenham River or Bear Creek receives many streams here, and
assumes the jn'oportions of a river. With its feeders it gives to almost
every lot in the township a flowing stream. In Metcalfe there were
grist and saw-mills in 1850, wild laud brought $G, and improved land
$18 per acre. In 1849, 7,000 bushels of wheat and 2,000 of mangold
■were \ roduced. The population being 953.

Metcalfe Township dates its settlement back to 18.'^2, when the
" commuted pensioners," Captains Eeear, Johnston, Hughes and others,
located on lands in the nortliern sections, Beear alone obtaining over
700 acros on the Sydenham Creek. In l>So3-4 the actual pioneers
arrived, and they kept far away to the south from the pensioners.
David Brown, who died in 183(i, his son, Robert, John Lemon aud
(ieorge Mortimer are credited with being the working pioneers. The
Walkers, Mitchells and McCallums, Scotch or Scotch-Irish, settled in
the western sections, McCullum dying there in 187r), having almost
reached the age of five score years. In the early years of Metcalfe
those old settlers had to march twenty miles south to Kilworth for a
gi'ist-mill ; to London, thirty miles away, or to Port Stanley, fifty miles
away, for markets. A iiioneci' of LSo."!, giving a pen-picture of the
townsbij) in early days, says: — " ?t that time there was no Township
of Metcalfe, for Metcalfe was, in liUll, formed of a part of the Town-
ship of Adelaide and a ])art of Ekfrii). The now Township of ^Metcalfe
was, in lS:i;>, almost an unbroken forest, and inhabited by wild
animals, and, occasionally, the red man on the chase. But that forest
has since succumbed to the hardy woodman's axe, and, in the room
thereof, we have now the large fields of golden grain, as well as the
nuti'itious pastures and meadows so much desired for the support of
man and beast. In the early days the carriages were not quite so
light or stylish as they are at the present time. The first carriage that
I saw, and knew to be owned in the township, was one with the wheels
cut oil' a large oak and Jio irons about it, and very noisy at that, for
every time the wheels rolled they went all the way round, and it could
be heard about two miles. I have, on several occasions, met an old lady,
who then lived three or foin- miles west of Katesville, with fifty pounds
oi flour on her back, which she used to carry from Woodhull's mills at
Kilworth Village to where she lived near Warwick, and I believe no
lady of the present day can do the same. But I am often now re-
minded of the old lady carrying the flour when I see young ladies of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

529

the present day wearing the ' Grecian Bend.' I have often seen a
farmer's wife in the olden time take one baby on her back and another
in her arms, and go into the woods and hunt the cows, while her good-
man would be away in an older settlement earning flour for his family
at home, or, perhaps, the money to ])ay his taxes. And I believe very
few ladies of the present day, at least, this side of Parry Sound, will
do the like now. I have known good fall wheat to be sold for twenty-
five cents per bushel ; and I have seen flour sold at 814 per barrel of
11)() pounds. In the spring of 1S37 oats were sold m (Jaradoc for seed
at Sl.oO ])er bushel of tliirty-four pounds, and in the fall of the same
year oats were sold for ten cents. Often have 1 seen a yoke of oxen
driven from here to Port Stanley with loads of grain for sale, and then
get very little for it."

Christopher Beear, or Beer, a commander in the royal navy, was
granted 800 acres of land in Adelaide, on the 10th and 11th Conces-
sions, and in W60 took pos.session. In 18;!2 he brouglitout his family.
During the troubles of 18M7-8, he commanded a boat at the " cutting
out " of the Caroline, which went over Niagara. He died in Metcalfe,
July 22, 1871, ag'.d .S2 years. liobert Boyd, born at Grenville Co.,
Out., in 182.">, accompanied his parents a few years later to their
pioneer home in Metcalfe. Ultimately, he carved out for himself a
home on Lot 12, Con. 14, in that town.shij), where he resided until his
death, Aug. 24, 1879. For ten years prior to his death he was class-
leader of the Methodist Clnu'ch. Edward Goldrick, a pioneer of Met-
calfe, died Sept. 7, 1881. In 1x2'.), Wm. Kuudle and wife settled on
Amherst Islajid, and in 1838 moved to Metcalfe. Mrs. Kundle, a
daughter of Thomas Moyle, died in August, 1881, at Strathroy. -lohn
Bateman, born in Ireland in 1<S24, settled in Metcalfe about 18:^9 ;
was magistrate in l<sri8, and reeve of Caradoc for many years. Died
in January, 1879. Wm. Henry, born in Ireland in 1800, died in
Metcalfe in 18iSl. In 18;!7-<S he resided in Southwold Town.ship ;
served as a volunteer, and i»i 1840 settled in Ekfrid. -Joseph Langhton,
born in London Township in 1844, but in 1855 moved with his par-
ents to Metcalfe.

liobert Bentley, born in Ireland in 18 It!, came with his fiither's
family to Canada in 1827. About 18.">2 tlie family movqd to Ohio,
but during the Kebellion of 18;)7-8 they fled to Canada, owing to the
fact that the people of Ohio all .sympathized with tlie Patriots. The
Bentleys took up arms for the British authorities. In IS.'iS, Robert
aiul an elder brother began freighting on the London and Hamilton
r(jad, and continued so until 185;!, when he purchased 200 acres in
Metcalfe, near Katesville, and opened a general store in the villnge.
Many of the pioneers of the townships round Strathroy remember tlie
Bentley wagons, and the weary, tedious journey from Hamilton to
London. Kobert died January 4, 187'.'. The Winter family .settled
here in 1850. Mrs. John Morgan, who with her father, brothers and
sisters, came in 1856-7, died in April, 1879.

HISTORY OF THE

Among the early settlers who are named in a list or prominent
residents of 187iS-<Sl*, the names of the following j)ersons are given
with the date of settlement in the county: — Thomas and Richard
Moyle, 182;t ; AV^m. Taylor and Thomas llarley, 1832 ; John T. Charl-
ton, lM2r) : David Francis, Charles Brown and liobert Jirown, lH;-i4 ;
John Mitchel, l.s:>5 ; 1). McKellar, Sylvester Moore, and Wm. l>oyd,
1838 ; John Cough and E. J. Thomas, 1837 ; Anthony Toohill, 1836 ;
Wm. Brock and Wm. Henry, 1840; John and Alex. Arthurs, John
Hutton find John Johnston, 1843 ; Josejth Field and Neil Mnnroe,
1845 ; John and llichard Kielly 1(S44; and Kichard Henry, 184(').

Napier. — In 18r)2, when the firm of Keefer & Cook was dissolved
at Strathroy, Mr. Keefer, in partnership witli Col. Arthnr, estal)lished
a saw-mill on Bear Creek, at a place they called Xapier. The (juantity
of fine walinit timber in Metcalfe suggested this enter] irise. They
also established a store there, and had a post-oflice established, of
which Iveefer was first master.

The village claimed a population of 150 in 1857. The business
interests were represented as follows: — Col. -Fohn Arthur, Edward
Gouldrick, Munro & Bingham, merchants ; George Emerick, iimkeeper ;
Jas. Ball, saloonkeeper; Abram Frelick, ( 'lias. Knapton and Donald
McKellar, blacksmiths; Thomas Boyd, shoemaker; David Bowers,
carpenter ; John Munro postmaster ; Arthnr Clarke, agents for
Provincial Insiu'ance Company ; J. Sutherland & Co., grist, saw and
■woollen-mill owners ; Henry Sifton, owner of steam grist and saw-milLs.
Napier in 1888 claimed over 200 inhabitants, .lohn Hutton was })0st-
master, and he with J. S. Calvert and Eobert Brock were general
merchants. Kichard Dnnlo]i'.s saw-mill, F. Marcom's pump-factory,
and Stevenson's and W. H. Sutherland's woolen-mills were the manu-
facturing industries. A. Nixon was pliy^^ician ; Chas. Knapton, hotel-
proprietor, and Alex. Bowll)y, cabinet-maker.

Churches. — The early members of the ( 'atholic ( 'hurch in Metcalfe,
whose names ajipear on the records of 1840, written by Father Kii'wau
during his visit of that year, are : — Martin Callinan, Patrick Finnerty,
John 13olger, M. McMurray, .losejih iinidy, James Brady, Ulick Joyce,
Owen McAIurray, John Kilbride, Thomas Caitley, Wm. May, John
Lawe, Patrick Mclntire, Thomas Coleman, John ( 'ribbins, Henry St.
Leger, Wm. Lawe, John Brady, Arthur Harpe, John O'Brien, Charles
Turner, Wm. Monahan, M. McAuliH'e, Martin ( 'allinaii anil M. JVIalony.
The mission was attended from Adelaide U]) to 1871, when it became
a part of Strathroy jiarish. In 1852-4, I{ev. M. McNulty attended
the Metcalfe and Ekfrid mission.

St. Marys mission of the English Church is mentioned in 180.'!.
Mr. Falls was pastor. He also presided over Adelaide, including St.
Catharines at Katesville, St. Amies or Adelaide and Strathroy. Bev.
S. L. Smith was appointed r(;ctor of St. Marys in 1870, and since that
time the pulpit has been variou.sly filled, as related in otlier pages.

The new I'resbyterian Church building at Napier was opened
January 8, 1888, Rev. J. R. Johnston, of Alviustou, being pastor.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

531

Najrier, formerly a j)art of Mount Brydges Wesleyaii (Jircuit, was
establishetl in ISllO, and Ifev. James Thornton ap])ointed pastor ;
William W. Miller served from 1(SB1 to l.SGo ; John K. Williston, in
lS(i4; Elias W. Frazee, in 18G5 ; John L. Kerr, ISnii; James Laird,
1S67-8 ; Ebenezer Teskey, lH(;9-70; James H. Stonehonse, 1871-2,
and John IL Isaiic, in 187;!. At this time the nienil)er!3hip was
seventy, being eleven over the number in 1S6(). In 1874, Napier
"VVesleyan Society was presided over by William Shannon; but in
1875 the mission was divided into Ap])in and Kerwood. Appin and
Na])ier ("ircnit was established in ISSU, with Heiny E. Hill and G.
Lounds, ministers ; W. Penhall and if. W. Scanton, in l(S81-Li ; Wm.
Penhall and C. W. Holden, in 188.">; James E. Ford and Wilhara
Cridland, in 1884. The brick church on Con. 14, Metcalfe, was dedi-
cated by Ilev. E. B. llyckman, of the London Conference, and H. E.
Hill, of" the Appin Circuit, October tl, 1878. The binlding cost 81,800.
D. 1). ]\Icl'liail, of Strathrf)y, and Howard Davis were the contractors.

Societies. — Ionic Lodge, 328, A. F. & A. !M., was organized nndor
disjiensation June Hi, and under charter July l."i, 187">. The first
ollicers were: — N. J. Lindsay, W. M. ; Cr. W. Harris, S. W. ; Thomas
Hayes, J. W. ; H. G. Lindsay, secretary ; Alex. Arthurs, treasurer ; R.
B. Hungerford, chaplain ; Jas. Graham, S. I). ; 11. Cor.slu!ron, J. D. ;
H. Fryer, steward; F. Harris, I. (,}. ; J. Stewart, tyler. The list ot
past-masters is as follows: — N.J.Lindsay, 1875 to 1877; liichard
Dunlop, 1878; li. Corcoran, 187*.); ^Michael Bennett, 1880; James
W. Cameron, 1881-2 ; A. Arthurs, 188.S; W. S. Galvert, 1884 ; Alex.
Cameron, 1885; W. J. French, 18M6; James Buchanan, 1877.

Among the fatal accidents hi this neighborhood, i.ot mentioned in
the general chapter, are those of John Sutherland, who vas killed by
one of his horses, Nov. 20, 1S72 ; and of Michael Mc.Murray, who was
frozen to death near his home, a mile from Kerwood, in Deaanher, 1872.

Kdtesville is one of the oldest villages in Western Middlesex, and
for this reason its early history, like that of Adelaide, is given in the
general ohai)ter on the settlement of the county, while mention is
made of it in the sketches of Adelaide and of Strathroy. For years a
general store was conducted here by John Brennau, who, in 1850 was
a leading merchant. The village in 1857 contained a ])opulation of
150. Among the business men were : — Wm. ^IcClatchoy, B. W.
Brennan, Itoliert Bentley, and Kent and Long, merchants; James
Shi'ijlierd, Francis Kells, .and James Killbride, innkeeper; James
Miller, builder ; (Jeorge Murphy, painter ; James Kells, cooper ; Thos.
Duncan and Wm. Fulton, shoemakers ; Wm. Clarke, carriage-maker;
I'atrick Finaughty, tailor ; Sam. ALaddock, laborer ; Alfred Session,
smith and wagonmaker; Thomas Session, farmer; Wm. Patterson,
no occupation ; Bev. Wm. King, of the Scotch ( 'hurcli, atid Be v. A.
Mortimer, of the Adelaide church ; Wm. McClatchey was postmaster.
Katesville post-oilice was discontinued in 18(19.

A Grange of the I'atrons of Husbanilry was organized March 24,

532

HISTOUY OF THE

1875 with the following officers : — S. W. Dell, master ; Samuel Laugh-
ton, overseer; Joseph Laughton, lecturer; James Laughton, steward ;
Matthias Maim, assistant steward ; George Laughton, chaplain ; S.
Moore, treasurer , John E. Laughton, secretary ; David Laughton,
gate-keeper ; Mrs. R. Kettlewell, Ceres ; Mrs. D. Mann, Pomona ;
Mrs. 6. Jonger, Flora; Mrs. S. Laughton, lady assistant steward. In

1876 a counterfeiter's den was discovered here and broken up.
Wisbeach.—St. Paul's, Wisbeach, was established in 1877 as a

part of Adelaide parish, although as early as 1872 there was a frame
church there which cost S'JDO, and a church population of 20(1. In
1870-tJ, Rev. R. Fletcher, of Warwick, attended this mission ; in
1855, Rev. J. P. Curran; in l>Si)6, Rev. J. C. Gibson; and in 1858,
Rev. A. Williams, of Warwick.

Kilmartin had a population of 110 in 1888. D. B. Mclntyre
was postmaster and hotel ])roprietor. The Presbyterian Church at this
point is noticed in the history of Ekfrid Township.

COUNTY OF MIDOLKSKX.

533

CHAPTER XXVII.

MOSA TOWNSHIP.

Mosa Township, forming the extreme south-western division of the
cmmt}', is bounded south by the Thames, which divides it from Elgin.
Kent county forms its southern, and Lambton County its northern, Hue
on the west ; while Metcalfe and Ekfrid bounds it on the east. From
a line about one mile south of the railroad to a line two miles north,
may be called a plateau. South of this, a dozen or more of small
streams meander toward the Thames, while northward, numerous
feeders of Bear Creek flow toward the north-west.

Mosa, in 1.S50, contained 1,775 persons. There were two grist
and two saw-mills, one fulling-mill and one carding machine in oper-
ation. In 1<S49, the township prodticed 13,700 bushels of wheat. The
only large settlement was Wardsville, then boasting of 200 inhabitants.

Mosa was first settled by Talbot St. John Ward, Big John Ward,
Alex. Ward. John D. Anderson, John Coyne, Andrew and George
Fleming, James Allgeo, Arch. McCallum, McClarkty and Campbell,
all of whom preceded the Walker brothers and Win. Johnston in the
order of settlement. Alex. Ward kept tavern west of Strathburn late
in the thirties. This family is often referred to in the general history,
George Barnes, born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 179G, came to Canada
in 1817, worked for ('olonel Bostwick, and cut the first tree on the site
of Port Stanley, taking as payment for his work a lot of land in West-
minster. In 1820 he was married to Mary Montross by Colonel Bur-
well at the only house then in St. Thomas. In that year he settled in
Mosa, and twenty-one years later located in Lobo. His death took place
at Strathroy, October 18, 1880, seventeen years after the death of his
wife. Nelson Mills, now of Marys ville, St. Clair County, Mich., settled
in Mosa in 182() with his father. Daniel Hurley, who came from Cork
County, Ireland, in 1824 and settled near St. Thomas, located in Mosa
Township in 1828. His wife, who accompanied him to Canada, died
March 20, 1888, while her husband died in 1860.

Richard Williams, born iu Southwold in 1827. In 1837 his parents
died in Mosa, whither they had moved in 1830. Jane McLachlan,
who maiTied Donald Ferguson in 1818, and moved to Aldborough in
1819, was living iu Mosa in 1876, aged 88 years. Her husband died
in 1851. Mrs. Catherine McLachlan, the relict of Hugh McLachlan,
of Mosa, died February 27, 1874, aged 88 years. She settled on the
farm where she died in 1830. -Fohn Walker, a native of Ireland,
migrated to the United States in 1832, but settled in Mosa in 1834.
He resided there until his death in October, 1881.

Mrs. Symes, wife of Captain William Symes, of Glencoe, died in

534

HISTORY OF THE

liSS"). In 1831, she was inan'ii'il ut Toronto, and in 18:!4 soltlcd at
Glencoe. jMi's. Jane (Cochrane) Gross, who, years aj^o resided near
Glencoo, died at Watcrdown, April 13, l.SNO. Donald McLean, who
settled in Aldborou<^h in ISiil, and in Mosa in 1 SSI, died in LSS;!.
For 50 years he was connected witli the Old School Ba])tists o! this
neigliborhood. Mrs. Nathaniel Cnrrie died March 13, 1(S«8. She was
the daughter of the ]iioneer, William Weekes, who settled near Glen-
coe. In 1845 lier marriage with Mr. Currio was solemnized.

Archibald Campbell, who settled in Alborough in 1818, moved to
Wardsville in 187<). Among the old settlers of Mosa who were lead-
ing residents there in 1878-80, are named: — Wm. Jones, 1822 ; G. B.
Fleming and Jos. M. Ward, 1<S27 ; John Hilman, hSlll ; .fohn and
Benj. Watterworth and ('. De Graw, IS.")2; Elij'ah Lumley, 1833;
Alex. Armstrong, James Coyne John Simpson aiul Thomas Simp.son,
1837; W. J. Simpson and \Vm. Weekes, 1836; James Stewart, 1835 ;
M. McLarty and Andrew McAlpine, 1840; Wm. Gilbert, 1841; \V.
E. Dobie and Fred. Parr, 1842 ; W. L. I'almer, 1844 ; A. J. Campbell,
George Mclntyre and Joseph Walker, 1847. James Banning's lather
was a settler prior to 1832. Twenty-six years ago Mr. Uuftou settled
in the village.

Offi-dal History. — Adam Hattie, the first clerk of ^losa was suc-
ceeded by Dr. Charles Ilolls, sr. In 1852, Andrew Wilson was
appointed clerk, and he was succeeded in 1888 by Benj. Watterworth.
The council of Mosa, elected in 1851, comprised A. D. Ward, James
Gardiner, Weekes, Munro and King. In February, 1888, Duncan
Campbell, Andrew Wilson, Benj. Watterworth, John S. Walker and
W. li. Blott were appointed members of the Board of Health for Mosa,
with Dr. Walker, of Glencoe, physician. The reeves and deputies
representing this township in the county council, are named in the
chapter on the transactions of that b(3dy. The town records, with the
exception of the modern books could not be found, although a search
was made by the present and past clerks for them.

The oldest record book in possession of Benjamin Watterworth, is
dated Jan. 19, 1857, w'^.n Neil Munro, George Currie, James Gardi-
ner, Charles Armstroi .; and John Dobie, councillors, were present.
James Gardiner was chosen reeve ; Thomas Kent and D. B. Strathy,
auditors; John Walker, assessor; George J. Smith, collector. At this
time By law No. 68 was adopted, providing for the loan of £650 to
build a school-house on Section 4. (This house was burned about
1877.) In 1858, Thomas I{obin,son and D. S. McKellar's names
appear; Dr. Charles Rolls was reeve, and, in 1860, John Munro suc-
ceeded Dr. Ilolls. In this year John Watterworth was councillor.

The Agricultural Society was organized about thirty years ago.
Among the directors were Andrew Thompson, Benjamin Watterworth,
Nathaniel Currie, C. A. O'Malley, sr., J. Coyne and B. Sampson. Up to
187'J fairs were held at Wardsville. The presidents since 1872 are
named as follows : — David Gibb, 1872-3 ; James Banning, 1874-6 ;

COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSEX.

535

I5enj. Wiitt(n'\vnrtli, 1877-80 ; John S. Walkor, 1881-6; Mark Wiilkor,
1.S87. Vico]ive,sidents: — Thomas Simpson, 1872; Jionj, Watterworth,
1873; B. SamjisoM, 1874; .1. ^yicGregor, 187o-G; B. Sampson, 1877;
J. S. Walkor, 1N7.S; Mitchell Walker, 1879 ; J. S. Walker, 1880; A.
B. McKellar, 1881 ; Isaac Rathlmrn, 1S82; N. Currio, 1883-G; and A.
1>. McKellar, lcS87-8. The secretaries have heen : — Andrew Thompson,
1872-82 ; r.enj. Watterworth, 1883-8. The otHcers for 1888 are :—
Mark Walker, ])resident ; A. B. McKellar, vice-president; Benjamin
Watterworth, secretary; Duncan Campbell, John Watterworth, Isaac
Kathhurn, A. :\I. Leitch, John S. Walker, N. Cume, sr., C. S. W.
Simj)soii, B. Watterworth and John Guy, directors. There are 122
members. In January, 1879, a motion by Nathaniel Cunie, .seconded
by B. Sam])son, expressing the wish of the Mosa Society to unite with
that of Eki'rid for a union of fair.s, was adojited.

Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal ( 'hurch, known as the Simp-
son api)ointment, dates back to the fifties, when services were held in the
school-house where the church now stands. Among the early mem-
bers were ; — John Sim])son, Elijah Sutton, Elijah Lumley, Benjamin
Watterworth, and the widow Amie Watterworth; while in the squire's
class were six members of that family and John Webber. Later we
find Benjamin Watterworth's class comprising eight members of that
family, seven Gilberts, two Heunans, two De Graws, four Williamses,
two Johns, John Sim])son, Mrs. Lumley, Lydia Thomas, and Mrs.
Sampson. In 188-i those classes were merged into the Methodist
Church of Canada.

The Baptist Church of the Watterworth settlement on the Long-
woods road, three miles east of Wardsville, was dedicated December
.■>1, 1882. Kev. Mr. Best assisted the pastor, Rev. Mr. Carey.

Itev. Alex. Eraser, for several years ])astor of the Presbyterian Church
at Longwoods, died near Fort Ellice, N. W. T., in 1883.

In 1 845, Abram Francis donated eleven acres to the English Church
of Mosa.

Fires. — In September, 1883, John Currie's farm-buildings were
destroyed by tire. Part of the buildings formed, at one time, what was
known as Heywood's hotel, on the Longwoods road. A painting
representing this fire is the work of H. N. McEvoy. The fire in Mosa,
September 14, 1873, destroyed John Ferguson's house. His aunt, a
woman of eighty years, was burned to a crisp.

Battle with, a Bull. — In May, 1888, a young man named Fred.
James was attacked by a two-year-old bull, and a terrible struggle
for supremacy ensued. The youth received the first fall, but succeeding
in catching the animal by the horns, lodged several well-aimed blows
on his eyes, and ultimately won the unequal contest by kicking the
furious beast on the jaw.

Longivood in 188iS hfvd a potjulation of 75. Daniel Nicholls was
postmaster and also hotel pro; • : 11. Nicholls, general merchant ;

Miss Pratt, dressmaker ; James .6T, dealer in agricultural iraple-

636

HISTORY OF THE

ments ; and John Pwtt, dealer in boots and shoes. Oliver White, who
for fourteen years was aj^ent at Loii<,'wood Station, i)ostniaster and
wood and tie contractor for the Air Line and Canada Southern roads,
died at Gloncoe, November 25, IHcSO.

Knapdale in 1888 claimed a ])oj)ulation of 55. James McDonald
was postmaster ; D. & N. Mitchell, lumber dealers ; and Colin Mcln-
tyre, dealer in live stock.

Cashmere, also called Canton, was a village of 100 inhabitants in
1857. There were the Hennett sash ftictory, George Fleming's saw-mill,
James Gardiner's carding and grist-mill, also Gardiner's saw- mill and
blacksmith shop, Singleton Gibb's saw-mill and blacksmith shoj), John
Moloch's blacksmith-shop, Charles Hawkins's cabinet-shop, Christopher
Hendershott and Henry Fleming, tavern-keepers; E. M. Heal, jwst-
master ; Daniel Campbell, carpenter ; and Wm. Gardiner, land-owner.
The hamlet of 188 ' had a population of sixty. George IMansfield, the
postmaster, was also general merchant ; Michael Dixon carried on the
flouring- mill, and Hector McNeil was wagon-maker.

The deluge of Cashmere occun-ed in February, 1876. The ice-jam
at Moravian Town bridge, five miles west, caused the river to rise
twenty-seven feet above low water, thus flooding the village to a depth
of from three to five feet. It is said that there was not dry laud
enough on the Cashmere town plot to keep the village pigs on. In
March, 1862, the Cashmere well was bored by Leick. At a depth of
sixty-two feet the auger entered the gas region. When taken out, gas
issued from the boring with a great roar. A match was capplied when
the flame rose five feet over the Allen pipe. Leick found nothing but
soapy clay for fifty-eight feet under the four feet of surfiice clay.

(

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

537

CHAPTER XXVIII.

NEWBUUY VILLAGE.

Prior to the establishment of the office, Newbnry was known as
Wardsville Station. The first house was built by Robert Thompson in
1851 south of the railroad, the same which is now owned by Robert
Anderson. The owner donated seven acres to the Railroad Company
for depot purposes. The Newbury post-office dates back to 1853,
when Robert Thompson kept the office where William Jeffrey now
lives. About 185(j, G. C. Secord was appointed, and kept the office
where the Commercial Hotel now stands, then Secord's private house.
In 1858, Thomas Robinson was ap])ointed master, and held the office
until 1882, when Joseph li. Kelly, the present incumbent, was
appointed. Mr. Robinson had the office in his store just south of
Guppy's new store, the same which was destroyed in the fire of 1887.
Thomas Robinson, born in Roscommon County, Ireland, in 1824, came
to Newbury in 1850, and was in the employ of the Great Western
Railroad. In 1854 he opened a general store in the village, in 1865
erected a saw-mill, and in 1867 a new store building. In 1859 he
was appointed postmaster, and in 1873 elected first reeve of the town.

Newbury claimed a population of 500 in 1857. Among the people
were the following-named business men : — Alex. Campbell, Albion
Hotel ; D. Graves, American ; Hugh Mcintosh, Rob Roy ; G. J.
Smith, Western Railway Hotel; David Sullivan's Hotel, and Drake's
Inn. The merchants were : — Wm. Clements, Edward Little, Thomas
Robinson and J. B. Smith, with D. S. Stinson, dry goods ; Cornelius
Mitchell, druggist ; Arch. Kerr, Kitchen & l?ro., and Thompson & Son,
saw-mill owners, the latter owning a grist-mill. Morgan kept a flour-
store ; Hailey was provision dealer ; Joseph Cook, tinsmith ; Henry
Farland and John Watson, bakers ; Fletcher & Bros., iron- works
(John Gay's blacksmith .shop being a part) ; James Newcombe, shingle-
manufacturer ; Wm. I'almer, chair-maker ; Edda Newcombe, steam
planing and sash and door factory ; Wm. 01 lis, baker and confectioner;
John Baker, butcher ; Adair & Storey, D. W. Bartlett, Robert Burgess,
Tom Randall, shoemakers; Edward Armstrong, Ben. Barber, Tom
Boyd, Thomas Brawley, John Bracken, M. D. Call, L. Clitl'ord, John
Higgins, Joe. Kelly, C. Lymies, Steve Moore, Parks & Bro., Jim
Smith, and W^m. Stevenson, cai-penters ; Sam. Beamish, livery ; Dave
Sullivan, stage-owner ; John Boyden and Geo. Kitchen, blacksmiths ;
A. W. Gamble and James Wallon, physicians; Robert Thompson, sr..
Justice of the Peace ; Henry Butler, Steve Moore, Ed. Snell, saloon-
keepers ; J. C. Tolls, cooper ; Irvin Holmes, Charles Olds, and Geo.
Weston, cabinet-makers ; James Holmes, painter ; W. J. Irving, tailor ;

638

IIISTOIIY OF THE

■ ■,

Ho.v. \\. Liiwi'oiicc, M. K. (Jliui'ch; W. S. Moore, railroiid !it»(Mit; R.
MuiTiiy, coiivoyaiiaii' ; Neil Downey, teudier ; (J. C. S' i^oni, ])ost-
niaster.

Newbury Villiij,'(i was incorjiorated June 7, 187-, l\y act of the
county council, known as by-law '212. The stated ])o))ulation on which
the ])etition was based was over 750. In lS7;i .lolin D. Anderson was
aii]K)inted first clerk, and Thomas Robinson, reeve. In Nov(Uuber,
LS7.'>, Josejih Mills sigiis the records as clerk, and A. D. Purdy, asses-
sor, in 1874, Josejih 15. Kelly was chosen assessor (his salary being
jilaced at SllJ), and Wni. ("leinen.s, reeve. In 1874 the drainage of
the llagarty Creek was considered by the council, in 1S75, Samuel
Harvey was assessor, and Robert Anderson, clerk. In 187(1, John 1).
Anderson and VVm. Schwarder were ai)]>ointed assessors ; Joseph U.
Kelly, clerk ; and Thomas Robinson, reeve. Wm. Archer was as,sessor
in 1877, with Jo.sei)h Mills, treasurer. During this year a bonus of
31,000 was granted to aid the Coombs grist-niill, and debentures
issmid, the last being jiaid in 1886. In 187cS, Philij) Laird was asses-
sor, and Dr. Alex, (iraham, reeve; succeeded in 1879 by Samuel
Harvey and Thomas Robinson, respectively. In 1880, Charles Tucker
was appointed assessor; Dr. Graham, reeve; and John J. Archer,
clerk. In 1881, John D. Anderson was reeve ; .Joseph B. Kelly,
treasurer; and P. H. Laird, assessor. The council in 1882 comim.sed
Messrs. Coond)s, Burr, (iupjiy and Armstrong, with John J. Archer,
clerk, who served until ]May, 1888, when he was succeeded by J. J.
Rheintgen. In 188M, Dr. IJoome took Councillor Gupj)y's ])lace, with
A. G. Ward, asse,s.sor, and Sam. JIarvey, collector. In 18.S4, W. K.
Regis replaced John P)urr on the lioard. In 188."), Councillors Burr,
Laird, Regis and Armstrong formed the Board, Mr. Anderson still
serving as reeve. School debentures to the amount of StiOO were
issued this year, the last payable iu 1804. In 18.^6, W. J. Guppy
was assessor ; A. Graham, reeve ; James McLean, Dr. Roome, Gay
and Milton, councillors. In 1887, A. G. Ward served as as.ses.sor and
collector; Hugh Armstrong, Benj. Thompson, Hugh S. Laird and
James McLean formed the council. The council for IJSN.S was com-
posed of Thomas Robinson, reeve; Hugh and John Armstrong, W. J.
Guppy and -loscph ]\Iilton, councillors; Charles Rush, assessor and
collector; James Douglass, treasurer; with J. J. Rheintgen.

Schools. — The School Board was organized in 187.'!, and Dr. W. F.
Roome, who is still a member, was then elected. Thomas Robinson
retired in 188G, after over thirteen years' service. Dr. Alex. Graham
served some years, and also VV. E. Regis, 11. Cusick, John J. Archer,
J. D. Anderson, Joseph B. Kelly and Mr. Storey, who died a few
years ago. The ])resent school building was erected ])rior to the
organization of the village, and while Thomas Robinson and Mr. Storey
were trustees of the old district — about 1 857. Among the early
teachers was Neil Downey, a lame man, who preceded Allan Craw-
ford, who remained for seven or eight years. J. M. Leitch succeeded.

COUNTY OF MIDULKSKX.

53!)

Rov. Dr. Webster filled tlio oflico of tnistcio for si few years. J. J.
Rhoint^on, the, ]iresent jn'incipul, has now bt.'eii four years in charj^e of
the schools. The present trustees are : — Dr. W. ¥. IJoonie, John D.
Anih'rson, Alex, Arinstront,', Hnj^h Arnistroni,', Aaron Ward and Joseph
Deaeoii. Josejih H. Kelly vas secretary of the IJoard until 18H5, when
W. K. HeyiH was ajipointed.

Fiirs. — About 18(1(1, Thomas Robinson's saw-mill, which he had
jmrchased in 1857 or \'A~iH, was destroyed by fire. About 1876, Early's
tin-sho]) and the Storey Hotel were destroyed by lire. In 1877, Thos.
L'obinson's saw-mill was l)lown up, when Alex. King, the sawyer, was
killed. The engineer was badly wounded, while the owner lost about
$10,000. Two years ago Dr. (Jrahani's residence was burned to the
ground. The destruction of Robert Armstrong's house at Newbury,
and the death of his father from burning, were recorded April liO, 1879.
The deceased is said to have been 108 years old. In 1830, he came
from Ireland to Byetown, moved thence to St. Thomas, and, in 183r», to
a point a mile north-west of Newbury.

The Newbury fire of Sejitember, 1887, destroyed a number of
buildings, including the jn-incipal business houses. It originated in
the house of W. i>rown, September ]2, and within two hours the
whole village west of Main .street, and south of Bayne & Douglass's
store, was in ashes. The net losses were as follows : — Wm. Brown,
$200; Town Hall and lockup, §000; J. B. Kelly's post-office, store
and dwelling, $2,000 ; A. D. iMitchell's store, dwelling and storehou.se,
$2,000; A. Smith, dwelling and .stable, $200; Dr. T. F. Campbell's
loss, $riO; W. J. (!upj)y, $1,500; Thos. Robinson, dwelling and .store,
$4,000; Sam. Harvey, dwelling, $G00 ; Mrs. Porter's stable, $500; R.
McPherson's, $50 ; Grand Trunk Railroad section house, $200. R.
Anderson's stock was covered by insurance, and in the above list of
los.ses the figures represent the amount above insurance. In October,
1888, W. J. Gup])y and Thomas Haggard erected two brick commer-
cial buildings in the burned di.strict, while the Town Hall was com-
pleted that month. George Middlemiss was run over by a train, near
Newbury, and killed, in March, 18S0.

Scxriefii's. — Albion Lodge, No. 42, A. F. & A. M., was chartered
July 28, 1857, with Daniel Graves, muster; George Clark, S. W., and
Amos A. Wright, J. AV. In 1858 the by-laws were printed by a
committee com])osing Dr. Dugald, S. McKellar and Andrew Wilson.
The oldest record in ])Ossession of the lodge, other than the charter, is
dated 18G6, and gives the number eighty. The masters of the lodge
since that date are named as follows : — -James Thompson, W. 1). Mc-
Laughlin, J. C. Bracken, 1868-'.I; Geo. Mansfield, W. D. Hammond,
1871-."^; George Mansfield, 1874-(;; Thomas Robinson, 1876-7; Dr.
W. F. Roome, 1877 ; John D. Anderson, Wm. Beattie, W. F. Roome,
1882-6; J. '1. Rheiutgen, 1887-8, There are now seventeen mem-
bers who own their own building and lot, valued at $700, erected soon
after organization. Daniel Graves was a past master, and it is sup-

640

HI8T0UY OF THE

posed that George Clark and Amos A. Wright rdle<l the master'n chair.
Andrew Wilson was secretary, l(S6t) ; Joseph Mills, 187.'i ; and Joseph
B. Kelly, l«7!» ; J. li. Anderson, 1.SS5-8.

Mount Zion Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., was organized December
18, 18()5, with W. W. lirowu, W. Irving, J. C. Waril, John Deacon
and Farmer Green, members. The present oflicers are J. Y. Mc-
Keown, N. G. ; Daniel Campbell, V. G. ; Daniel King, K. Sec. ; W. F.
Eoorae, Treasurer. The lodge buildings were fitted up in 1884 at a
cost of 81,000.

Churcliea, — The Methodist Ej)iscopal ('hurch, of Newbury, dates
back to the early days of the Great Western Railroad, when the min-
isters of the Florence or old Thames Circuit attended the church here.
A church building was erected in 1878; but for a number of years
prior to that year services were held in the old town hall. Rev. Dr.
Webster took charge of the district in 18()7. After a ministerial ser-
vice of twenty nine years — about eighteen years ago — he retired from
active ministerial work, so that from 1870 to the the Union of 1884
regular appointments were made. Of all the early members of the
church here, Benjamin Lawrence's family and Dr. Webster and his
family alone remain. The old members were : — Jane Lawrence, Mary
Webster, Mrs. Tucker, the Harris family, James Scott, Mrs. Booth,
Eliza Mulholland, F. J. H. David, Mrs. M. Palmer, Mary Morey and
Walter J. Small In 1884 the old Methodist Episcopal building was
sold to the school trustees as a second school-house ; but it is now
occupied by the Salvation Anny.

Newbury Wesleyau Circuit, formerly a part of Wardsville Mission,
was established in 18(iG, with Ezra A. Stafford minister, who served
here until I86!>, when Maidy Beu.son took charge. Edmund S. Shorey
came in 1871 and served until l87o. The society increased from 125
to 137 members. The Methodist Church of Canada is the union title
given the AV'esleyan Society in 1874. William J. Ford ministered to
i;{7 members in that year. In 1875 the mission was united with
Wardsville; in 1876 it was again a circuit, with Mr. Ford preacher;
but in 1877 was reunited to Wardsville.

The Newbury Mission (Christ Church in 1867) of the English
Church was presided over in 1861-2 by Rev. J. T. Wright. Among
the members at this period were : — George J. Smith, the Deacons,
Rutleys, Armstrongs, Robinsons, Stewards, Campbells, Stoeys, Balls,
Wandless and Davis. Rev. G. W. Wye took charge in 1870. Mr.
Gunn, of Florence, preached here prior to Mr. Wright's coming.

The Presbyterian people of Newbury attended the chuicli at
Wardsville prior to 1875, when a society was organized and a church
building completed, Oct. 17, that year. Among the leading members
were James Lamb and wife, Alex. King, James Douglass, the Adair
family, Wm. Bain and wife, and David Webster and wife. The lot
(two acres) was donated by John Penny, of Albany, N. Y., who
became a member here. Rev. James Donaldson was then minister.

COUNTY OF M1DDLK8EX.

bH«k ch,,,.eh an!& ainSa.t''*,'''^ '""^ «" "'»

Ihe population of the villa"e in Mav 18s« k„c a .x.
returns, was 478 • but fhp fim,! Y ^ ,' ^^^''^ *'" ^^^ assessor's
payers and their familt " ' °"^^ ^'^"^ exclusively with tax-

542

HlSTOllV 01'' THE

CHAPTER XXIX

WAUDSVILLE.

vVardsville, known in the days of 1812-14 as Ward's Station, and
lator as Mosa, is now a modern town. Hen; in years lonj» past a few
<j. the eurhest settlors of the county gathered, and withstood the
rigors of climate and pioneership, as well as the daily excitements and
alarms of war days. There is in the history of this old liOngwoods
settlement a poetic romance and a rustic simplicity tluat fascinates ;
but tlie days of Ward's Station are gone for ever — good old days ! — -and,
in tlieir place, has come the Inirry of modern times. Tlie cahins have
disappeared with the solemn woods — all the past is wi])ed out, save in
memory ; and on its ruins ap]iears the modern town, witli its churches,
schools, societies and municipal government. Look back three-(|uarters
of a century, and fancy what a j)lace the Wardsville of to-tlay would
hold tlieu! Proctor and the remnant of his DOO regulars would .shout
with joy at beholding such a town after their terrible ride for liberty ;
but it was denied them rn the dreary Longwoods road of that day, and
reserved for the more peaceful travellers and pec )le of the present to
enjoy.

This place was first settled in IHlO by (Jeorgc Ward, who pur-
chased the land from the Indians, and from whom it takes its name.
In 18.>4, when John D. Anderson opened a general store in a log
building (since moved), the only otlier dwelling there was a mere
shanty. A little later Big John Ward established his tavern at this
po""'^ L^iing the only one between Delaware and (,'hatham. In 1.S40
tht "ere twelve buildings in the hamlet. Dr. S. S. JMcKellar, who
settled in Strathroy in 18(12, came to Canada in l.S;?7. He began the
practice of medicine at Wardsville some tinu; in the forties, and subse-
quently practiced at Glencoe and Appin, until 18G1, when he moved
to London. His death took place January 22, 1870.

Wardsville in l.S.ll contained a population of about 400. At that
time the English Clnu'ch building was in existence, while the (,'atholic,
Presbyterian, and INIethodist congregations were engaged in Iho. work
of church building. A public school was taught by Archibald Mc-
Laughlin ; Dr. Charles Rolls was jihysician ; W'li'ini K. Coi'uish,
lawyer. On Paint Creek, which empties into the Thames at this place,
were a grist-mill and a carding and fulling-mill, owned by Thomas
Kirkpatrick. There were four dry goods stores, owned by Benjamin
Grant, Henry 11. Archer, Stratliy & Lent, John Mcintosh ; one drug-
store, by Dr. Rolls ; one tin and hardware-store, by yamuel Dale ; two
waggon-makers, Adam Cornell and .lohn Camjibell; two blacksmiths,
Henry Henderson and Ira Case; two tanneries, by Kobert Thonip.son

COUNTY OF MIliDLKSKX.

543

and Robert Tanks ; one distillery, l)y Archiluild ]\rcViclcer ; four tailors,
Duncan (jlraut, David Wilson, I'liilij) Hart, and John A. McRao ; two
shoemakers, .Tames Jordan and William Patterson ; two saddle, har-
ness and trunk-makers, John Wilson and Samuel White ; tlu'ee house-
builders, Sheldon Ward, Jose])h Date, and Francis ]'>. ]iiley ; tw(j Ijrick
and stone-masons, Peter Blair, Charles Hall; one cabinet-maker,
Andrew Wilson ; one chair-maker, Wm. Wilson ; one jiainter and
gilder, Jose])li Date ; a division of the Sons of Temperance, numl)ering
fifty-three Tiiembers, an established Lodge of Orangemen, numbering
twenty-eight, and two other lodges in the vicinity, were then existing.
Tliere were three hotels, the Anglo-American, by A. D. Ward, the
liob lioy, by Duncan Mcintosh, and the Commercial Inn, by John
Dobie ; while a double track bridge was building over the Thames.
The population in 1857 was 1,000. Cultivated farms near the village
were worth from SIO to SlJO, wild laiids from S^! to S4 an acre. There
was any (quantity of excellent timber : black walnut, white- wood, cherry,
etc., etc. Village lots in central ])ositions, were worth from S70 to ij5l 00 ;
back lots, at from S20 to S40. The business circle then comprised : —
Henry li. Archer, Thomas Kent, .John Mcintosh, Monroe & Bro.,
Henry '* Paris, general merchants; James C. Ward, furniture dealer ;
John Dobie, Duncan Mcintosh, Capt. Wm. Neil, and A. D. Ward,
hotel-keepers ; P. Blain and Sam. Crew, builders ; Wm. Fleming,
distiller; ('. J. Campbell, butcher; Hobert Calderwood and Wm. Shep-
herd, harness-makers ; Jo.seph Bowes, baker; Ira Case, John Campbell,
Adam Cornell, Henry Henderson, blacksmiths, wagon-makers, and the
latter, machinist and founder; James Jordan, leather dealer; Charles
Eolls, druggist ; Francis I'attersoi;, and Strathy & Weston, grist-millers ;
Strathy & Weston, saw-millers ; D. ]>. Strathy's woollen -factory; John
Thornton, cloth-dresser ; Andrew Wilson, cabinetmaker; C.S.Jones,
D. S. McKeller, Charles Polls, and James Wallon, ])hysicians ; Revs.
M. Prendergast and M. ( 'rinnan, of the Catholic Church ; Rev. John
Gunn, of the English Church ; Rev. Edwin Peake and Wm. Ames, ot
the Wesleyan ; Rev. J. Tait, Presbyterian ; B. Grant, insurance agent ;
Bernard Muriay and Alex. McRae, tailors ; Francis |}. Itielly, archi-
tect ; and H. 11. Archer, ])(),stmaster.

The village in l.SN.S claimed a ])oi)iilation of (iOO. E. T. Dufton
was postmaster, and he with Adair & ( 'o., tlie .Misses McCowan and T.
A. ^iulligan, geniiral mercliants ; Jacob Wilson and John Cady, hotel-
proprietors ; Henry Wilson, dentist ; Henry Hcnder.son, brick-maker;
Hendenou Ih'os.' foundry ; R. Iv. Howes's furniture store ; A. A.
Munro's butcher shop ; .lackson's tinshop ; Wm. She])herd's harness
•sho]); Lilly's carriage sho]i; English's wagon-shoji, and a number of
blacksmith — including Samuel Brown — carpei:'er, builders', and shoe-
makers' shops, make uj) the business section of the town.

()(flcini History. — -The county council on June l.'5, 18i»7, instructed
till! clerk to draft a by-law to incorpoiati! Wardsville, and tlie same
day the act of incorporation was ])assed. The iirst meeting of the

544

HISTORY OF THI,

V I.

council was held January 17, 18G8. William Neil, reeve; Alex. T).
Ward, John Pool, Wm. Stevely and James A. Young formed the
council. George Wilson was first clerk and treasurer. The first act
of the council was to correct the petition for incorporation in the matter
of boundary and repetition, the council to substitute boundaries accord-
ing to intention of petitioners. In January, 18(19, Rev. Joel T. Wiight
and the reeve were appointed Grammar School trustees. At this time
the names of Adam C'orneil and Malcolm Monroe appear as councillors.
In 1870, E. Aitcheson, E. T. Dufton, W. D. Hammond, A. Corneil and
Henry Henderson formed the council. James O'Neil was appointed
assessor and collector.

In May, 1S70, Dr. W. F. Eoome was appointed Grammar School
trustee, vice Wright, resigned. By-law No. 2, adopted Feb. 10, 1868,
provided, among other things, that each householder .should provide
two ])ails fit for carrying water in case of fire, and for the appointment
of a fire inspector. By-law No. 8 provided for the establishment of a
fair and the setting off of ftiir grounds. This was passed March I'J,
1868. In 1877, Wm. Murphy was chosen clerk, vice Geo. Wilson ;
Wm. Harper, in 1880; James F. H.arrington, in 1884; and D. Dun-
can, in 1(S8(). The councillors of 1888 and village officers are named
as follows : — Samuel Brown, reeve ; T. Hall, H. Mimna, F. B. Rielly,
R. Morrison, councillors ; Alex. Mclntyre, High School trustee ; A, A.
Munro, collector ; Elias Thomas, assessor ; D. Johnson, clerk and
treasurer; M. O'Farrell, fire inspector; with Dufton, McPhail and Dr.
Cause, board of health.

Post-o^ce — The post-office of Wardsville was established just out-
side the present village, with old Mr. Gibb in charge. A Mr. Hattie,
brother of Adam Hattie, was the next incumbent, who was succeeded
by Robert Thompson, who in 1851 moved to Newbury. H. R, Archer
was the next master, giving place to W. D. Hammond, wlio held the
office for five years prior to his death. In 1877, E. T. Dufton, the
present postmaster, was appointed. The annual business for the last
seven year.s fipjiroximates !?800.

A drill shed — a wooden house — was erected on Lot i>, south side of
Main street, in 1867. The threats of Fenian invasion cau,sed the
authorize this buildins' for the convenience of the

Government
militia.

Oi'Lttt-mill. — The woollen mills were established by Thomas Kirk-
patrick tliirty-six years ago. In 1863, E. T. Dufton leased the mills
and carried on the busines.s until 186it, when William Marper became
pro|)rietor ; but in 1871 the industry ceased. The ))r'"^ent grist-mill
is the old woollen and grist-mill moved from the river to its present
site in the village by '^Villiam Harper, who carried on the industry
until 1.S74, when he sold to the present owner, John Heath.

/''/(■e.s,— The fire of fifteen or .sixteen years ago destroyed the Anglo-
American Hotel and Commercial Inn. The Rob-Roy was ]mlled down,
and Thomas Hall's garden occui)ies the place. The destruction of the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

545

Western Hotel took place Dec. 26, 1883. This building was not
re- erected.

Societies. — The ofticers of the Teachers' Association of IViiddlesex
in 1851 were : — Nicholas Wilson, president; Jolin CaTnpbell, of Ekfrid,
vice-])resident ; William Crinklaw, Westminster, treasurer; Peter Mur-
tagh, London, recorder; Archibald Campbidl, of Lobo, correspondent ;
S. J. Lancaster, of Delaware, librarian. Mr. Laclilan, of Wardsville,
presided over the directors' Board.

The Wardsville Meclianics' Institute was established in 1876. In
May, 1877, it claimed ninety-five members and a very complete library.
The ofticers elected in 1877 were E. T. Dufton, president; J as. McLean,
vice-president; Vim. Alurphy, secretary; H. llenderson, treasurer; M.
F. Barclay, librarian ; .1. Mcllory, W. Sparling, P. C. Campbell and
Z. Gilles, directors. From that time to 1885 Mr. Dufton presided.
In 1885, F. B. Eeidy was cho,sen president, and Mr. Dufton secretary.

In 1846, Lodge 423, of Orangemen, was organized here. Among
the members were: — William Sparling, John and William Patterson,
George Huston, Thomas Shaw, Sheldon and George PI Ward, Old
Stinson, W. J. Simpson and F. B. Beilly.

The Wardsville Tract Society was organized September 30, 1867,
with W. A. Gordon, secretary.

Hannnond Lodge, No. 327, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July 15,
1875. The past masters are named as follows : — W. D. Hammond,
1875; Ebenezer Aitcheson, 1876 to 1880 ; P. C. Cam])bell, 1880 ; D.
R. McGugan, 1881-2 ; F. Aitcheson, 188;! ; D. Johnston, 188-1 ; liobert
Ward, 1885 ; Ebenezer Aitcheson, 1886 ; William G. McLachlan,
1887; G. B.Fleming, 1888. Duncan Johnson has been secretary of
the lodge since June, 1881, succeeding P. C Campbell. The member-
sihp is twenty-two.

Court Wardsville, No. 159, of Foresters, was instituted May 1,
1885, with Thomas Heywood, Frank Davis, W. Mimna, D. John.stou,
J. Freckleton, A. Parcell, J. H. Cady, E. Yorke, and Dr. W. F. lloome,
first ofticers. At the close of 1887 this lodge suspended, but Mr. Lowe,
minister of the English (Jhurch, reorganized a new lodge.

The Mo-sa Iiulejjendent Cornet Band was organized near Wards-
ville in May, 188 L, with li. C. Dobbin, leader; H. Lumley, band-
master; W. H. Watterworth, treasurer; W. Lumley, E. Lumley,

Percival Watterworth, Lorenzo Watterworth, Ellison, W. Gould

and J. Weiitworth, musicians.

Chiirchen. — Wardsville Wesleyan Circuit was established in 1847,
with Solomon Waldron, pastor. The ministers who have served since
that date are named as follows: — Thomas Peacock, 1848; Edward
Sallows, 18411; Chas. Sylvester, 1850-2; Wm. Ames, 1853-6 ; Edwin
IVake, 1857-8; Wm. Hawke, 185i)-()l; Oliver E. P.urcli, 1862-3;
Conrad Vandusen, 1864. In 1864, Eu|)hemia was attached to Wards-
ville, and Thomas Atkinson appointed assi.stant in 1865 ; Thomas
Cleworth, 1866-7, with F. York assisUint in 1866 ; John Webster,

646

niSTOIlY OF THE

18(1S-!I; Josepli Shipley, 1870; Kicliavd W. Woodswovth, 1S71-3.
The .M(;tliodistCliui'oli ul Caiiiulii at Wavdsvillo suceeedt'd tho Wesloyaii
Society in 1N74. Alfred L. lUissell was pastor. In 1875, W. J. Ford
■•)s apjioiiited; in 1871', John L. Kerr; in 1877-8, James (Joodwin,
and, in l.s7'J~8(), Wni. llayhnrst. In 1876 the eircnit was nnitecl
with Jiotliwell. James Whiting was minister of Wardsville and New-
bury in 1881-."), and George Jackson in lS8-i. The first church huilii-
ing was erected in l.S")l.

The first mission in .Mosa and Ekfrid of the Catholic Church dates
back to February, J 849, when Eev. T. Kirwan visited these; townships.
Among the names of (.'atholics here then may be found the following : —
Alexander ^IcEae, John ]\[eRae, Faninhar McRac;, Alex. IVIcIlae (2),
Donald Mcliae, James Jordan, John Broderiek, Hugh ^lulholland,
M. Cooney, dohn Neil, Cornelius Coghlan, Denis Kegan, James ]\Ic-
Carthy, Robert Temjileton, Daniel aMurpliy, John Murphy, James
Herbert, William Darljy, William Greener, Jlichard Hoolihau, Edward
Dunn, Matthew Mahony, Daviil Humphries, James Reid, M. McGet-
trick, Patrick llyan, Christo])her Maguire, James Maguire, Michael
Eyan, Thomas Twohy, George Hillen, Peter Finn, Patrick Darby,
Andrew Eielly, M. Eedmond, P, I'urke, Peter Burke, Patrick Afagill,
Henry Magill, Thomas Renehan, John Burke, David Conway, George
McLean, \Villiara Murphy, Thomas Cavanaugh, Bart. McNtdty, Peter
McNulty, the Fitzpatricks, Donald Cameron, Currans, Dillons, and
Freemans. In 1873, Wardsville was established as a mission, under
Eev. P. Fitzjiatrick, of liothwell. In 1876, Kev. M. O'Kelly was
pastor, and in 1878, Pev. M. McGrath. The first church building was
comjjleted in 1851 ; but the ])resent large brick chiu'ch was erected by
contractors Sheph(>n Thomas and Clanahan and Thompson, of Glencoe,
in i878-',l. The building was consecrated Dec. 29, by Bishop Walsh.
liev. M. McGrath, the pastor, is credited with adding this S7,0UU
building to the country.

The English Church is one of the oldest organizations here. A
building was erected early in the forties, and .services held reguiiirly.

St. James's Chnrcl' was presided over in 18(11-2 by Rev. j. T.
Wright, who had also charge of the missions at Glencoe, Newbury,
Johnston's Settlement and Cox's Settlement. Among the mend)ers at
Wardsville were the Hendersons, McConnells, Munroes, Humphreys,
Eastnums, Wards, Paris, the Neils, Dr. Jones and Gilberts. In 1870,
Eev. G. W. Wye was ayipointed; Kev. W. Hinde, 1879; and he was
succeeded by the jn'esent niinister. Dr. Peiniy, of Long Island, N. Y.,
donated 100 acres in Mosa Township for the supjjort of the English
Church there. The new church-house was dedicated May 28, 1,S84,
as it was then ])aid for. The building was begun during the adminis-
tration of Mr. Wye.

The Presbyterian Church, to which reference is made in the history
of Ekfrid, dates back to 1851, when a house of worship was erected.

ScJwuU. — Wardsville Grammar School was established in 1860,

COUNTV OF MlDDr.KfiKX.

647

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iiisTOKY 01' nil';

CHAPTER XXX.

GLKNCOE.

Glencoe is the centre of new associations. It bon-ows no projiolling
power from venerated anti(iuarianisin, since the spot wliere it stands
was but yesterday wrapt in the soHtnde of the wilderness. The name,
however, ])erpetrates here a terrible libel u]ion civilization, as in Scot-
land it shows a stain u])on Norman Anglo-Saxon civihzation. Its
first settlers were iron-souled men, who determined to hew out a town
from the Longwoods, and build uj) a prosperous community. They
had a mission which they performed, and so effectually done was the
rough work, tliat it a]>i)ears to last for all time, and, with years, grow
in solidity. The village is midway l)etween London and Chatham, and
appears to the eye of the visitor to be very pleasantly located. It is
at the junction' of the Air Line with the main line of the Great
Western Railroad, and on the town line between the townships of
Ekfrid and .Mosa. A. V. McDonald and Ross made the first plan of
Glencoe in 18tJ0, and what is now one of the largest and most import-
ant villages in the western part of Ontario was at that time a swamp.
The Air Line, which connects the village with the (Jity of Buffalo, N.
Y., was constructed in LN70.

Orffanization. — The by-law incorporating the village was passed
December 5, 187:>, when Andrew Clanahan was appointed returning
officer for the charter election, which was held in January, 1874 ; but
the council did not organize until -January 22, 1875. At the first
meeting of this council there were present J. W, Cam])bell. reeve;
George" Dobie, F. Steinhoff, John Boam and Samuel Frederick. J as.
Dykes was elected clerk, his stated salary being .S25 per annum.
Andrew Clanahan was appointed assessor, his salary being SIO. Geo.
M. Harrison and John Doyle were appointed auditors ; Isaac Rath-
burn, treasurer, who, on refusing to serve, gave place to John McN(ul.
Wellington Stephens was appointed collector ; John Oldrieve, tavern
inspector ; James Orango, pound-keeper ; J. Walker, Thomas Harris
and Thomas Hind, fence-viewers. G. Dryer was appointed auditor,
via; Harrison, resigned.

In May, 1875, George M. Harrison was a])pointed clerk, vice
Dykes, retired. In October, 1 875, a lock-up or calaboose was erected
by S. S. Walker. The Council of 1876 comprised A. Clanahan, J.
Rathburn, Samuel J. Walker, with Reeves Campbell and J. Boam, of
the old Council. One of the first acts was a resolution to serve the
new town without i)ay, or at the rate of SI per annum. At this time
about 50,()0U feet of plank were ordered for the construction of side-
walks and other improvements. Arch. Riddell was then assessor and

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COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX

551

collector. Tn 1S77, N. Cume was reeve, with Messrs. Ciaiialmn,
T'iithbuni, Walk(M' ami Jaiiuis Harris, counciiinon. In ISTH, ]).
Foi'^'usoii was ajipoiutcd aiulitor, and, in 1<S7I', J)r. Liinilcy and J. ('.
Lawrence; A. McKcUar was electi'd conncillor. In l."S(S(), J. C.
Lawrence was I'lccti'd coui'<:illor, vicr ("lanahan, and A. Iliddell, aiidi-
tor. The ('onncil f)f LS81 comprised: — J. Jtathburn, reeve; 1). B.
McRae, CJcor^c! J. Fryer, A. ( 'lanahan and M. Leitch. In 1882 James
Harris took ]\Ir. Fryer's jilace

Eli (Jriflith, first chief of the Fire Dcjiartmcnt, resij^ned in January,
ISS:;, and he with (Jcor<Te Harris, J. W. (Jatnpbell and 1). I!. McKae
formed tlie conncil, Mr. Kathhurn beini; still reeve. In 18.S4, John
v. Foster took Mr. Harris's place in the council, otherwise it was un-
chan^'cd; but in 1885, Malcolm Leitch, D. Cameron, J. W. Campbell
and (ieor^e Dobie were returned, and N. Currie was chosen n^eve. In
188(5, Messrs. Currie, (Jeorj,'e Dobie, ^^'ilmot Swaisland, John A.
Leitch and .1. W. Campbell formed the council — succeeded in LSST by
George iJobie, John Y. Foster, John McMillan and George Huston,
councillors. In 1S88, J. Kalhburn was elected reeve. Dr. John
Walker, John P. McMillan. K. C. Vause and George Dobie, councillors.

Commercial. — The leading business men in 1878-80, with date of
settlement in the county, are given as follows : — Nicholas Currie,
reeve, ISL'i; ; J. W. Campbell, 1859,Glencoe bank ; G. C. Clark, 1874,
and W. I). :McDonald, 187:!, hotels ; E. Clanahan, 1870 ; George
Dobie, lcS4G; Alexander Dobie, 18(;7 ; L. Frederick, 1868; John F.
McKae, 1<S70 ; Hugh ^IcKinnon, 1864, merchants and dealers; Geo.
Freele, 18(17, boot-manufacturer; Harrison & I'athburn, l.SdS, bankera
and grain-dealers ; Thomas Harris, 18(i5, blacksmith and livery ; Dr.
W. (}. Limiley, 1870, iwstmaster, telegraph agent and druggist;
Malcolm Leitch, 18(17, tailor and magistrate; Dr. Duncan IMcIntyre,
1807; John ]\IcNeil, 185o, tailor; John McRae, 1854, lumber; liobt.
Wright, 1875, watchmaker ; S.J. Walker, 1S3S, cheese manufacturer ;
W. H. Simpson, 1838, carjienter ; D. 15. Mcllae, ]8(i'.), carriage-maker ;
M. W. I'rosser, 1875, agricultural works. J. Oldrieve, LSii'.t, wagon-
maker; Matthew Toon, 1870, butcher and drover; liev. G. MacEachran,
M. G., 1875; W. Swaisland, dejjuty-regi.strar ; George Wilson, D. C.
of D. Court; W, Sutherland, 1848, editor oi Trav script; George
Corneil, a .settler of 183:>, resided in the town hi 1878.

Builclhigs.— The West Middlesex registry building was erected in
1871, but it was constructed on such poor principles that the floor
rotted away, f:o that ten years later it had to be subjected to a thorough
course of re])air. The site co.st §150, and the building !?1,:')35.

In August, ''875, Andrew Clanahan purchased the lot adjoining
the old post-office, on the north-east corner of Main and McKellar
streets, removed the Leitch tailor shop and residence, and began the
erection of the large brick block which now stands there — the brick
used being from Southin's yard at Strathbnrn. During the ensuing
four years a few buildings were added to the village; but in 1879-80

HISTOUV OF THE

the era of great improvemoiits introduced itself. Swai.sliind it Co.'s
iKtw liloek on Main street, costing' 8l<M)ilO was eom|tl('ted in 18S1 ;
Kli (.iriiUtli's woollun factory, south of the raih'oad, was linishod in
1880; also CanuToti liros.' flonriiii; mill, and smaller manufacturinL;
and commercial concerns. Tiic dwelling houses erected in IS7'J-MI
are named as follows: — -A two-story frame store for Jolm Smith ; two-
story frame store, with brick front, for (ieo. Doliic; frame dwelling for
same; frame dwellings for Jan. Smitii and Miss (Jalhraith; frame
dwelling, one and on(>-lialf story, for K. Marshall; brick dwelling, one
and one-half story, for JI. Dixon; lirick dwelling, one; and oue-lialf
story, for 11. Clanahan ; three frame dwellings, one and one-half story,
for VValker & Sons; frame dwelling, one anil one-half story, for Wes-
ley Uartlett; frame dwelling, (jue and one-half story, for Albert
Walker; frame dwelling, one and one-half story, for Angus McKenzie.

In April, 1881, an addition to the McKellar ILjuse, a brick store
on Main street for C. B. Slater, a frame dwelling for Oeorge Huston,
one for Joseph Foy, one for T. W. Evans, one for S. Thomas, one f<ii-
N. Young, one for A. lioam, and buildings for Thomas Mind, \V. Quick,
A. Campbell, S. Clark, and Cam])bell & Lindsay, were erected.

In June, 1882, the question of establishing a large manufacturing
industry atCJlencoe was discussed. N. Currie jjHisided, with A. Stewart,
secretary. Among the other advocates of tliis enteiprise were : — 0.
Cornell, Cieorge Dobie, II. Clanahan, John Oldrieve, James A. Young,
J. E. lioome, -F. Leitch, George L'ichardson, W. Swaisland, J. E, Wes-
ton, F. Steinhoif, S. J. Walker, (iiddon,G. M. Harrison and Isaac

liathburn. The result was the building of the large works for the
Clencoe Manufacturing Conipiiny. In January, 1885, the Cllencoe
Manufacturing Company received an order from France for 145 reap-
ers, and from liussia for 100.

In 1885, a harvester binder was perfected by Robert and Frederick
Aldred, of Glencoe. It is simply the ordinar^' rake-harvester with a
binder attachment, capable of operating si.x or seven sheaves per
minute, or 350 per hour, or all that the kuife may cut or the five rakes
deliver.

Exports and Imports. — The exports from Glencoe from January
to December, 1887, amounted to 5,2'.l2 tons, the railroad charges on
which were $13,628, The imports amounted to 3,404 tons, yielding
$8,(306 for freight. In August, 18.S8, there were 412 tons forwarded,
yielding 8416, ai'J received 445 tons, yielding S735. From J^.nuary
to September, 1888, there were seventy-five cars of cattle shipjied from
Glencoe, including the exports to Glasgow.

During the year 1887 there W(!re 14,006 passengers from this
depot, the fares amounting to S10,318. The passenger business in
1888 up to the close of September shows very little difference from
the same mouths in 1887.

Po8t-offi,ce. — George J. Fryer, postmaster, express and Bell tele-
phone agent, absconded November 7, 1885. The sum stated to be lost

COUNTY OF MIDHLKSKX.

ti;i.>

or ajiprdpnuted l)y him is pkced iit fnun S'i.OUO lo §7,00(1. lie did
not tiikc Iiis wild with liim, Imt wrote to a frii'iid at Cliatliuiu to tako
caro ol' luT. IJobcrt Claiialian was a]i])oiiited jiostniasler in ISiS.'i, to
Hiiccet'd Kryur. .Mmo on this subject will bo found elsewliere in this
volume.

Hanks. — In November, l.S7(!, A. McTa^f,'art, and Cliarles Mmiay,
inana<,'fr of the Federal liauk, lea.stid a liuildin;.,' from Jolin II. Mcl!at!
and had it fitteil up as a baMl<iii,L,'-ollife. J. W. (,'am|il)ell was appointed
manager. The title of the institution was " The (jlencoe Bank." In
1880, \V. Swaisland Sc Co. were bankers here, while (leorge ( 'orneil
and Oliver White W(!re also unpaged in money lending.

Harrison & liatiibnrn's bank was established -Inly 2('), IS77. Tho
Traders' ilank building was oomi)leted in ISS'i by A. t'lanahan, CdU-
tractor for Georg(! Dobie, the manager.

Plii/fiicitiiis. — Among the early ]>hysician,s of tlui village; were I )i'.
Kolls, formerly of Wan'sville ; Dr. McKellar, who died at .Strathroy ;
Dr. Ferguson, now rejiresenting Wolland in F.u'liament; Dr Mclntyre,
the oldest resident jihysician ; Dr. W. G. Lnndey, whtj came in 1870;
and Dr. Walker. G. Adams Swan, the first resilient tlentLst, came in
March, 1887.

ScIu)i)Ik—T\w oldest school record in ])os.session of Secretary Har-
rison is dated Jan. 12, 1870. At this time, it apjjears. No. 6 of Mosa, I)

of Kkfrid, and Glencoe village schools, were united. N. Currie,

Mitchell, John S. and Johnston Walker, W. J. Simjison, Dr. Lnmley,
Ira Gilbert, Isaac Kathburn and E. Adams, were members of the Board ;
with Dr. Lundey, secretary-treasurer. The teachers were J. 1*. Fryer,
paid 8487. oO per annum, and Helen Thoniihson, ])aid 8225. J. II. Mc-
Eae and Mark Walker were chosen tru.stees, vice Mitchell Walker
and E. Adams, in 1877. In November a new school site was selected,
the jn'oposition being made by Isaac llathburn, but set aside by a vote
of fifty-seven to four in February, 1878. In 1878, Mark Walker was
secretary, and Geo. Dobie replaced Dr. Lumley on the Board. ]\Iis3
Jackson was em]>loyed as assistant teacher, and the contract for new
school building was sold to Clanahan & Thompson.

In November, 1878, Joseph Foy and Alma Jack, were employed
as teachers, at S500 and #250 per annum. In 1870, N. Currie, pre-
sided, with J. C. Lawrence, secretary ; Dr. Lundey, A. McLellan, (Jolin
Campbell, I. Kathburn, W. J. Simpson, Messns. McRae and Gilbert E.
Adams, John Thompson, Mitchc'' and J. S. Walker, trustees, and Geo.
M. Harrison, auditor. In De iber, 1879, Johnson and Mitchell
Walker were chosen trustees, and W. J. Simpson, treasurer. In July,
1880, Miss Wise was assistant teacher, Isaac Kathburn and Ira Gil-
bert were elected trustees for 1881, vice retiring members, and Michael
Dean for 1882. Miss A. Walker succeeded Miss Wise in December,
1881 ; James Gardner, M. Dean and Mitchell Walker, were trustees
for 1883, with W. Swaisland, auditor, the other members holding over,
and W. J. Simpson, secretary. Mrs. Skill was appointed janitor in

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554 HISTORY OF THE

Januaiy, 188:1 In December, ISSo, Samuel Ranton, Miss McTavish
and Miss L. Kerr, were emjiloyetl as teachers, and Alex. Stuart chosen
secretary. The trustees for ] 884 were : — Geo. M. H.irrison, Aligns
McKenzie, Andrew Clanahan, .Tohn McCracken, with Messrs. M.
Walker and M. Dean. Geo. M. Harrison was appointed secretary-
treasurer. In 1 HH5, John L. Charles's name appears as triistee, while
Geo. M. Harrison was chosen chairman as well as incumbent of the
dual office to which he was elected in 18(S4. In December, 1885, Geo.
Harris was elected trustee ; Mr. Stuart was employed as teacher, with
Miss ]\IcTavisli and Miss Kerr, but in October, 18.S(j, Miss Sutherland
was employed to preside over the third division. In December, 1886,
John Oldrieve, James Harris and Geo. M. Harrison were elected trus-
tees, vice memliors whose terms expired, with .1. S. Walker, J. L.
Charles and J. ]\Ic('racken holding over. In June, 1887, J. K. Stuart
resigned his charge of the schools. In September, Messrs. Charles and
Oldrieve proposed tliat a meeting should be called to consider the
(question of establishing a high school, but the motion was lost. Archi-
bald McVicker, Miss 15. McTavish and Miss Springer, were employed
as teachers. The present trustees are : — Geo. M. Harrison, John L.
Charles, J. A. Young, W. Swai,sland, James Harris, and John Oldrieve.

In October, 1887, the first meeting to consider the question of
estiiblishing a high school at Glencoe was held. For some twelve
months prior to this, suggestion after suggestion was oflered in the
'Transcript. N. Currie presided, with A. Sutherland, secretary. Among
the leading friends of the question were : — George M. Harrison and
I.saac Ratlibuni, Messrs. Swaisland, Charles, lleckton, McVicker, J. A.
Younge, Alexander Stuart, James Harris, J. A. Leitch, J. Foy, D.
Otton and Doctors liUmley and Walker. The committee appointed to
carry out plans for the e.stablisliment of the school here comprised : —
Alexander Stuart, G. M. Han'ison, James A. Younge and Itev. I).
Currie. The order-in-Council advising the establishment of the Glen-
coe High School became a law Marcli 1, 18S,S. The first trustees of
the high school were: — Dr. W. G. Lumley, Alexander Stuart and Rev.
D. (.'urric, ap])ointed by the County Council ; S. J. Walker, Elisha
Adams and George M. Harrison, by the village of Glencoe, with A.
Stuart, chairman, and Geo. M. Harrison, secretary treasurer.

The High School Board in June, 1888, purchased two acres from
Thomas Simp.son, in the south part of the town, as the site for their
building, the price being $(320. On July 16, 1888, the contract for
building was sold to A. (Jlanahan for $6,47">, and that for heating and
ventilating to Smead, Dowd & Co , of Toronto, for 8850. The building
was opened in January, 1889. IJy-law No. 76, providing !S9,(J0() for
high school purposes, was passed August 21, 1888.

Churches. — Among the old members of the Methodist Episcopal
class at Glencoe were Mitchell and Harriet Walker, in 1856 ; Mrs. N.
CuiTio, 1858; the McCutcheons, the Parish fixmily, the Hinds, J.
Squire, R. Ganhner, E. Adams, the Golfs, Youngs, Linns, and others.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

665

Among the members of the Methodist Church of Canada at Gleucoe
and Lethbridge at the time of the union (1884) were : — li. and Jennie
Twiss, John, Eliza, John A., Wesley, Charlotte and Ettie Craig, Wm.
Weekes and family, Wm. and Maggie Coyne, Mrs. Harris, Seneca
Edwards, the Quicks, Eyckmans, Penlbunds, Halls, Alice Charles, Mrs.
Cochrane, James Stevenson, Mrs. Skill, Alice Nichols, Samuel and
Emily Eanton and Ann Twiss. At I^thbridge's Station were George,
J. G. and Lydia Lethbridge, and Wm. Webber. In 188G, Joseph
Squire was leader, and this position has been held by him and George
Lethbridge up to the present time. In 1887, John Home was appointed
leader of the Union Church class, while Mitchell Walker has served
for years as recording steward of the old circuit and since the union of
the new one.

The Methodist Church of Canada (Eastside) was established at
Glencoe in 1879, with (,'olman Bristol, preacher. In 1880 a society of
fifty-three members was presided over by Stephen Ka])pelc, who was
also here in 81-82 ; Robert W. Wright in 1883. Tlie building begun
in April was completed and opened in October, 1881, by lie v. Dr.
Sanderson and the pastor, S. Kajii)ele. The building and grounds cost
Sl,600. The other building was erected in 1871.

The Glencoe Circuit since the Union of the Episcopal Methodist
Churches has been presided over by Kev. M. Grithn, 1884, but in
1885, owing to diliiculties growing out of the Union, two churches
came again into existence as before Union, with Mv. Grifhn presiding
over the late M. E Society, or (Jlencoe West, and llev. S. T. Hartlett
over the late (J. ^I. Church, or East Glencoe (,'hurch. In 1886, lie v.
Wm. Henderson presided over both churches, jireaching for two year,s
to each congregation on alternate Sabbaths. In 1888, Kev. W. H.
Butt was appointed to the circuit, with instructions to ofticiate in the
West Church, but the trustees hold the East Church pending a decision
of the Conference.

A reference to the history of the Presbyterian ("hurch in Ekfrid
will point out the begiimers of this church at Glencoe. In the latter
part of 18()0, the Presbytery of London sent a catechist to Ekfrid
Townshii) to labor among the people connected with tlie Church of
Scotland. His success was so marked that in February, 1802, a
church house was ei'ected one-quaiter of a mile from Glencoe, on a
lot presented by 1). Graham. David Dobie was chairman, and Ale.x.
li. Kay, secretary of the building committee.

In 1879, Kev. Hugh Cameron took charge of St. Andrew's, and
resigned in October, 1884. During his term one hundred new mem-
bers were receiveil and seventy-two baptisms recorded, with twenty-
eight marriages and six deaths.

Kev. John Kobbins was inducted July 2i), 1885, and about this
time the question of organizing a second church was agitated. A
minority a])pealed to the Synoii against the establishment of such
church in 188G. In April, 1887, Kev. Mr. Smith, who fdled the

556 HISTOKY OF THE

Presbyterian pulpit pending the acceptance of a call to Rev. Dougald
Cmrie, announced tiiat the latter had accepted.

The destruction of the Burns Presbyterian Church and Clanahan's
sash and door factory at Glencoe was recorded July 28, 1886. The
losses exceeded 8*15,000, of which about 810,000 was sustained by
Clanahan. The ruin of the old church still stands on south Main
street. It is the intention of the united congregations to build a new
house of worship in 1880.

The English Church was presided over by Mr. Wright, of Wards-
ville, in 1861-2. Among the members were the Crofts, McDonalds,
Curries, Walkers, McNeils, McKeas, Weekes, Camerons and Gardiners.
In 1870, Kev. G. W. Wye, of Wardsville, was appointed.

In Jilay, 1888, Rov. \V. J. Taylor, who for nine years presided over
8t. James's Church, preached his farewell sermon. Rev. William
Lowe succeeded him in charge of Glencoe, Newbury and Wardsville.
The chinch building is located on the west side of Main street, south
or the raili'oad.

The Salvation Army held a banquet and hurricane meeting in their
new barracks at Glencoe, in June, 1885. Prior to this time, and sub-
sequently the Army suHered much persecution, part of it being well
earned. The barracks was destroyed by fire December 29, 1885. The
building was the jn-operty of Joseph Walker, in whose name an in-
surance policy for S.'iOO was entered.

In June, 1887, there were only three members of this church;
but on tiie reopening of their barracks, Nov. (i, 1887, the membership
increased. In February, 188G, a number of residents of Glencoe were
convicted of interfering with the army and fined, while Lieutenant
Emma Rees was fined for assault. In May, 1887, the case of Emma
Rees, (who, in 188(;, commanded a detachment of the Salvation Array)
against Justices Simpson and Currie, was carried to the assize court, —
the charges being unlawful arrest, and improper or malicious imprison-
ment. The action was dismissed without costs. Later the case was
can'ied before the Queen's Bench at Toronto, where an order for a new
trial was entered. This lady lieutenant won her suit, the original
judgment costing the local justices about $700.

Fire Department. — Giant Company, No. 1, received a large num-
ber of members on October 4, 1881, and on the same date elected
Henry Simpson, captain ; John Orange and Henry Golding, lieuten-
ants; A. McNabb, secretary; James Harris, treasurer; Harry Hogan,
J. P. McMillan, Wm. Hammond, branchmen ; A. McVicker and A.
Finlayson, hosemen. Some changes were made prior to November 4,
1881, when the records of United Company, No. 1, begin. Eli Griffith,
whose resignation is noted in the Council proceeding,s, was chief. The
fire company was reorganized September 30, 1885, when John Orange
was elected chief; Wm. Hammond, captain ; George Dobie, secretary ;
Duncan Cameron, treasurer ; W. R. Cook, first, and F. Shanks, second,
lieutennnts ; John Y. Foster, first, and Alfred Crow, second, branch-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 557

men ; Charles Cnnie and Colin Leitch, leading hosemen ; Fred.
Aldred and A. McLcllan, snction hosemen. On that evening the new
fire engine was placed on trial.

In 1880, Wm. Hammond was chosen captain ; W. 11. Cook and
Colin ].eitch, lieutenants ; and K. Sutherland, secretarj' and treasurer ;
John Orange being chief. The officers for 1887 were : — James T.
McAlpine, captain ; Hector McNeil and VV. E. Cook, lieutenants : P.
J. Morrison, treasurer ; and R. Sutherland, secretary ; and in 1888,
John Y. Foster, captain ; Wm. Hammond, first-lieutenant ; Jacob
Huston, second-lieutenant ; Geoi'go Dobie and Isaac McCrackeu,
branchmen ; Colin Leitch and 1'. McC^'allurn, foremen of hose ; R.
Sutherland, secretary ; W. S. Rogers, treasurer ; and John Finlayson,
warden. Isaac Rathburn, George Dobie and W. S. Rogers were
appointed a committee to build up the membership.

The fire record of the department for 1886 comprises : — The alarm of
May 25 from George PaiTott's house ; the great fire of July 23, which
destroyed Burns's Presbyterian Chinch, Clanahan's factory and resi-
dence, and damaged the homes of Dr. Walker and E. A. Surbey ; the
alarm of October 14 ; the fire of October 1 6, which partially destroyed
Robert Donnelly's house ; of December 4, in the McAlpine House ;
and of December 11, in James Simpson's dwelling. The alarms of
1887 comjirised that of Juno 17, when fire destroyed Alexander Cro-
thers's barn ; of Aug. 27, when J. P. McMillan's grain-store was
destroyed; of September 5, when R. Donnelly's and Thomas Buckston's
stables were burned ; and of Se))tembcr 23, when Hamson and Rath-
burn's gi'ain warehouse, rented by P. I). McDonald, was destroyed.
The fire alarms of 1888 were those of January 21, from David.son's
house ; of February 28, from the meat-market; of April 14, from John
Oldrieve's house; and of May 21, from the registry office.

Band. — The Firemen's Band, as organized May 17, 1886, com-
prised : — Charles Peachey, F. D, Shanks, John Orange, R. Suther-
land, Geo. Orange, R. G. Evans, W. Robinson, Wm. Vernon, A. D.
McRae, and John Burridge. John Orange, sr., was president ; C.
Peachey, leader; F. D. Shanks, sergeant, and R. Sutherland, secretary
and treasurer. Among the signers of the constitution were : — P. ,1 .
Morrison, C. A. Risk, Ben. Hammond, Joe Vernon, Fmnk Edwards,
W. G. Rogers, F. Fletcher, John Thomas, Chas. Dean, Malcolm Leitch,
F. McKenzie, Colin McKellar, Wm. Tlionias, E. Mitton, T. McGaw,
W. A. Gray, and A. S. Rendelli. P. J. Morrison was aijjjointed treas-
urer in March, 1887, and in November, P. Hancox succeeded R.
Sutherland, as secretary. In March, Glencoe was made liead- quarters
of the 26th Battalion Band, which at the close of the year had thirty-
one members. In May, 1888, Alex. McRae was elected president of
the band ; W. Vernon, vice-president ; and P. J. Morrison, secretary
and treasurer.

Rijiemen. — The Glencoe Rifle Association was organized March
12, 1875, with D. Ferguson, president ; John McRae and A. Clanahan,

558 HISTORY OF THE

vice-presidents ; Geo. M. Harrison, treasurer ; S. S. Keuuon, secretary ;
W. K. Mivrifield, assistant-secretary.

Militia. — Tlie committee on enrolment of the militia company,
appointed in May, 1874, comprised Dr. Lumley, S. S. Kennon, VVm.
Hayden, Robert Clanahaii, G. M. Harrison and 1). Dobie. Ten years
later, in Jinie, 1884, the question of organizing a militia company was
revived, and the first eflbrt made at organization. Dr. Lumley was
selected captain, with Lieutenant Billington of No. 2 Company, Strath-
roy, organizer. In January, 1887, Dr. Lumley resigned.

Accidents. — On Nov. 20, 1870, Leroy Aldrich was drowned at
Gleucoe. Four rods away stood a number of the boy's friends, among
them his brother-in-law. They would not enter the cold water to
rescue him, although he held on firmly to the ice until lu)pe of rescue
ceased.

The Graham road bridge accident, near Glencoe, of May 10, 1888,
resulted in the death of two men and serious injury to many of the
other workmen.

Cemetery. — In April, 1884, the question of acquiring a public
burial ground for Glencoe m'us brought forward, and on the 17th a
meeting held, when Angus McKenzie proposed that N. Currie, S. J.
Walker and I. Eathburn be a committee to secure grounds for a new
cemetery.

Salt-well. — The town well was bored to a depth of 006 feet in
October, 1887, by contractor Savage, but no water was found. The
council at once contracted for boring to a depth of 300 feet more, at
$1.25, $1.40 and $1.00 per foot, for the order of 100-feet sections. In
December a 900-feet level was reached. In ^larch, 1888, it was
down 1,225 feet, and in April, 1,500 feet, when it yielded 300 gallons
per hour. Owing to a sulphurous deposit, the water was found to be
of an inky-black color, and unfit for nse. It appears that in the wild
effort to procure water, the salt-rock was bored through, thus destroy.
ing the chances of developing the rich salt deposits at that particular
place, without the further expense of closing oil the supply of sulphur
water. In April, 1888, street lamps were authorized.

Societies. — Lome Lodge, No. 282, A. F. & A. M., was chartered
August 15, 1872. The list of past masters is as follows: — William
Hayden, 1872-4: W. G. Lumley, 1875-7; H. Seymour, 1878 ; George
J. Fryer, 1870-80 ; G. M. Harrison, 1881-2 ; W. G. Lundey, 188:5 ; J.
C. Butter, 1884-5; W. G. Lumley, 1886; John L. Charles, 1887,
and Dr. W. G. Lumley, the present master.

Glencoe Lodge, No. 133, I. 0.0. F., was instituted March 11, 1874,
with Donald Cochrane, J. A. McCracken, J. H. Campbell, 11. Clanahan,
G. H. Munro and D. A. Ferguson as charter members. The first
officers are named as follows : — Robert Clanahan, D. A. Ferguson,
George Munro, T. Harris, W. C. Stephens, John McCracken, A.
McNabb, John Oldrieve, C. A. Middlemiss, -lames Harris, W. Ham-
mond, C. Ryckman, J. G. Foster, C. W. Berrington, John Munro, E,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

559

G. Crooks, Isaac Walker, J. E. lloonie, A. A. Kennedy, Isaac
McCrackeii, Jose])!! Foy, K. G. Evans, W. G. Jlogers, 11. F. Howai-d,
John Walker, and C. J. Peachey ; R. Sutherland, secretary. The total
number of members received is 124; number now belonging, sixty.
In 1880 the hall was moved from the Campbell building to the Swais-
land block, and, in 1888, to the Howard building.

Court jVIaple r.eaf No. 60, I. 0, F., was instituted February 1,
1881, with the following-named charter members : — Dr. W. G. Luniley,
P. J. McAlpine, P. I. liodnum, E. Blackwell, John Sarah, E. Griffith,
C. Barrington, J. Y. Foster, Ilev. E. Iloipel and A. Campbell. The
number of members now on roll is twenty-two, and the names of Past
Chief Hangers are : — E. Griffith, C. Barrington, W. F. Rodgers, N. F.
Currie, J. Y. Foster, J. P. McMillan, A. McNeil, H. Bartlett ; J. Y.
Foster is D. C. R.

The British Templars claimed several organizations in south-west
Middlesex in 1874-5. In 1875, the officers of the county lodge
were : — County chief, T. Gordon ; county assistant chief, T. Ogilvie ;
Councillor, Rev. Mr, Sutherland ; V. Templar, Maggie Sutherland ;
Financier, Malcolm (jarapbell ; marshal, .1. M. Corneil ; Treasurer, J.
B. Coulthard ; assistant marshal, T. Sutherlaiid ; iinier guard, C. Camp-
bell ; outer guard, J. Young ; assistant secretary, iliss A. Twiss ;
secretary, M. C. Mclntyre.

In June, 1880, the first Lacrosse Club was organized. The Oaks
comprised the following players in 1888 : — W. B. Wilson. W. Buggan,
J. Huston, H. Simpson, George Goldie, J. Simpson, D. McKellar, F.
McKenzie, G. Swaisland, F. Carter, J. Orange and C. Carter.

Mechanics' Institute. — The establishment of a Mechanics' Institute
was suggested in November, 1881, by the reeve, Isaac Rathburu, and
considered in public meeting. This resulted in its organization, when
I. Rathburn, J. M. Tait and Angus McKenzie were chosen trustees ;
W. G. Lumley, president ; Alex. Stuart, secretary ; G. M. Harrison,
treasurer ; M. F. Barclay, librarian ; Revs. H. Cameron and W, J.
Taylor, lecturers. On Feb. 11, 1888, a meeting to reorganize the
Institute assembled, under call of Isaac Rathburu. He presided, with
A. McVicker, .secretarj'. On motion of Alex. Stuart, seconded by Rev.
Mr. Henderson, the Institute was reorganized, with Isaac Rathburn,
president ; Rev. D. Cume, vice-])resident ; A. McVicker, secretary ;
Geo. M. Harrison, treasurer ; and Mr. Rooine, librarian. The directors
were Angus Graham, Alex. Stuart, A. Taylor, Dr. Walker and Samuel
Ranton. At this time the books purchased by the old association were
examined, ailditions made to the list, and a little later a reading-room
was established in the Howard Block, the 110 members contributing
liberally to maintain both library and reading-room. The credit of
reviving the Institute is freely given to Mr. Rathburn, while the idea
of the reading-room originated with Rev. D. Currie.

Y. M. L. C. — The Young Men's Liberal Club of Glencoe was or-
ganized Jan. 26, 188;?, with J. P. McMillan, president; R. Fleming

560 IIlSTOllY OF THE

and E. D. Swift, vice-presidents ; W. Wilson, secretary ; and C. Leitcli,
trGflsurcr.

W. C. T. U.—ln 1.SS6, the officers of the Women's Christian Tem-
perance Union at Glencoe were :— iMrs. liobbins, Mrs. A. Dobie, Miss
Stevenson, Miss Riggs, Miss Flora Campbell, Miss E. Stalicer and Mrs.
McCntclieon.

llie A. 0. U. W. — Lodge No. 290 was instituted under charter,
January 25, 18S8, with the following members :— James Wilson, A.
Clanahan, H. C. Dixon, W. J. Small, J. 1'. Warren, E. Marshall, F. B.
Davidson, E. E Adams, A. B. McClellan, W. H. Simpson, Geo. Parrott,
Samuel Thompson, J. L. Charles, A. McKollar, Alfred Crow, D A.
McCallum, J. Fletcher, Dr. W. G. Lumley, 11. C. Vause, I. McCracken
and N. J. Beckett. J. L. Charles was first master workman; A.
McKellar, recorder, and E. E. Adams, financial secretary. The pre-
sent membership is thirty-one, with hall over A. McKellar's store.

Grange. — West Middlesex Division Grange elected the following
officers for l8cS8 :— D. A. McRae, master ; John Mitchell, O. ; Arch.
Mclntyre, S.; James W. INIcFie. T. ; li. McDonald, L.; John Mawhin-
ney, C. ; Wm. Webster, Steward;. J. W. Eddie, assistant; and George
Hu.ston, G. K. The lady officers are Madames Weekes, Lethbridge,
Foster and Kamey.

COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX. aCl

CHAPTEll XXXI,

NISSOUKI WEST.

Nissouri West, being the western half of the old township of the
District of London, if? bounded east by Oxford ("ounty, north by Perth
County and the Gore of Biddulph, south by North Dorchester, and
west by London Townships. The north fork of the Thames is a bold
stream, running in a comparatively straight bed from the north-west
quarter of the township to Lot 12, Concession I, whore it enters Lon-
don Township ; but returning int»j Lot 9, receives the Wye river on
the George Scatclierd farm. Tiie Wye is a native stream. The main
stream and feeders seem to run lu every place from Lots 11 to 24 and
from Concession 1 to 6. The entire south-eastern section claims still
another native creek, which bears the same relation to it as the Wye
does to the central parts. In the north-east rise numerous feeders of
the North Fork,

The township was surveyed in 1818, and that year or the following
one a clearing was made on Lot 14, Concession 2, on the river Thames,
where the surveyors of 1818 camped. In 1819, John and Thomas
Scatclierd purchased Lots 9, 10, 11 and 12, Concession 1, on the Wye,
now Wyton ; Clauson Burgess, of Niagara, settled near the hamlet of
St. Ives in 1820 ; George Logan on Lot 17, Concession 3, near Thorn-
dale, in 1825; John Dunsmore on Concession 2, near Governor's
Road, in LS.SO ; while Turner Farley had had a lot on Concession 1.
The McGuffins preceded the Scatcherds here, coming in 1818, while
the Vining family came about this time. James Shanly, an Irishman,
established his home here in IS.37, naming his property " Thorndale,"
according to the Irish and English fashion. The village of Thorndale
was laid out in 1858 by the Logans, and four years later an English
Church building was erected there, and saw and grist-mills esUiblished.

In 1818, the Hardy family came to Canada from Ireland in the
ship Brunswick, and that year settled in Nissouri Township. Joseph
N. Hardy, one of the sons born in Ireland in 1800, died in 1884,
being the last survivor of the New London colony. The father died
in London Township in 1819, where the family settled on Concession
(). Squire John Scatcherd the founder of that family, came from Eng-
land and settled in Nissouri Township in 1821. In 1822, Thomas
Scatcherd arrived. On August 1, 1822, the former married Annie,
daughter of John Farley of London Township, who died in 1865.
Wm. Fram was one of the earliest settlers of West Nissouri. His son
James B. Fram, was born there in 1834. Among the old settlers of
Nissouri who were clas.sed as representative men in 1878-80, were : —
E. M, Viuiug, a settler of 1820; Alonzo Vining, 1824; Thomas

562

HISTORY OF THK

Scatchcrd, 1822; Jolin Mordon, 1822, postmaster at Rclton ; Hugh
Davis, 1820, of Tlioriulale ; and William Li)<,'an, 182;"; Tlumias Mc-
Wain, 1S22, of tlie Tlionidalo Ilotol; Kobcrt iMcGullin, 182() ; Homy
Powoll, 1828; Edward Fitz<,'i'rald, 18;!2 ; llarvoy Scott, 183;{; James
Mdiuftin, 18;!2; .lames Tomlinsoii, Sol. Viniiij,', jr., and Joiin Legf;,
IS.'.G ; J). I'miley and James IJ. Fram, 18:54 ; IJicii. Ilobbs and A. W.
Brown, 18;!7 ; I'eter and liernard Carlinj,', 1842; Wm. Coleman, Jr.,
John Burns, i)ostmaster, at Evelyn, and John Taylor, 1843 ; Jolm
Woods and Alex. McMartin, in 1844 ; Henry McLean, Humphrey
Pardy, in 1842 ; Samuel Purdy, in 1840; Thomas Bad<;oood, 1839;
Robert Wood and Wni. Huesttin, 184r> ; Robert A. Brown, John
Johnston, and H. H. Scott, 184G ; John McGurlv, Wm. Murrell, and
Wra. Malion, 1847; Allan Barr, Lui\e Dyer, sr., Richard B. Gleeson,
and Richard Mills, 1848; Daniel Aiken, sr., Thomas DufHn, Thomas
Evans and James Elgie, 1849.

Phoibe Camj)bell, who murdered her husband in Nissouri West,
was hanged June 20, 1872. As related in other pages, this female
fiend conceived an allection for her farm-hand, named Coyle, and, in
the dead of niglit left her husband's bed, and, seizing an axe, hacked
him to deatli. How she essayed to plant the guilt on others has been
related ; but she was unable to blindfold justice. Her death was like
her crime, cool and swift. A reference to tlie courts and bar will
point out the Pickard allair and other criminal matters connected with
this division of tlie county.

The first record of Nissouri West is dated January 19, 1852, when
Councillors Scatclierd, Vining, Crone, Logan and McMartin qualified,
and opened official work at Robert Logan's house. Francis Bowers
was a])pointed first clerk, vice Forster Scsitcherd, who was chosen and
resigned; James Scott and R. Logan, jr., auditors ; Solomon Vining,
auditor. Among the ordinary business transactions in i'ebruary was
the establishment of free school No. 3, on petition of Elisha Brown
and others. In 1853, Councillor Moore's name aj)pear3, with those of
the same oflicers as in 1852. In 1855 Messrs. Vining, McMartin,
Moore, Uren and Scott formed the Council. Richard Logan, who died
in 188G, succeeded Solomon Vining as treasurer in 18511, and served
until his death, when Charles Harrison, the j)resent treasurer, was
appointed. William Lee, the present township clerk, has held that
ofhce since 1858. In 1850 Messrs. McMartin, Scott, Moore and
Chambers were chosen councilmeu ; in 1857-8, Moore, Scott, Evans,
Vining and R. W. Gitl'en, and, in 1858, Robert McGufHn, vice Moore.
During the years 1857-8, the Council instructed the reeve to inform
the engineer in charge of this division of the railway to take such
measures in the matter of railway crossings as to render them safe for
travellers.

The dealings of the District Quartfjr Sessions Court with Nissouri
West prior to 1842, and of the County Council since that time are
detailed in the general history, and the names of reeves and deputy-

COUNTY OV MIDDLESEX. 663

Thoi"n(late in 1888 claimod HHO inhabitants. W. H. Salmon wag
postmaster, and he with K. iJunn, James Harding and H. liaillic were
general merchants. W. H. Dunlop's saw-mill, (J. Matheson's flonring-
mill and Aaron Oriflith's cheese box-factory were tlie principal indus-
tries. John Falivner's bakery, E. llycknian's tinshop and Nortlicott &
Paynter's meat market may be said to make uj) the business houses of
the village. Henry McLean's hotel may be said to iiave been estab-
lished within the last two decades. The new Salmon Hotel stands on
the site of the old Central, built years ago by William Ix)gan. The
Central was variously conducted, but in IScSH W. H. Salmon j)ur-
chased the building and grounds, and erected the neat hotel building
of the ])resent time.

Loyal Orange Lodge, No. 248, built their hall here in 1874. It is
a small brick structure.

The Methodist Church of Canada at Thorndale, formerly of Nis-
souri Circuit, of which Hugh McLean was Wesleyan, and Charles
Darltrop, New Connexion ministers in 1874, was presided over in
1875 by Christopher Hamilton. In 187<S he was succeeded by Daniel
W. Thompson. Among the assistants were D. A. Moir, Geo. A. Kerr,
Samuel G. Staples, W. K. Spence and John Henderson. In 187'.)-80,
D. W. Thompson; in 1881-2, James E. Ford and J. W. Saunby; in
18.S3, James E. Holmes took Mr. Saunby's place; in 18<S4, James
Kennedy and Reuben J. Garbutt; 1887, Kev. E. Scott; 1888, C. C.
Cousins. Among the members in 1874 were Kobert, John, Ann,
William and Mrs. William McCutcheon, William and Mary Car-
ruthers, Robert and Ann Walker, John and Eliza Pearson, Thomas,
Eliza and Libl)y Eitzsimmons, S. S. and Jane Murray. These, with
twenty-five others enrolled later, are the names registered. The present
house of worshij) was dedicated October ;!1, 1880. The building co.st
$1,900. Mr. Cridland succeeded Mr. Garbutt. Kev. E. Medd is with
Mr. Cousins, succeeding J. H. Murray.

The Thorndale Circuit now embraces Thorndale (97), Evans (n7),
Eethesda (66), Bailey's (3:5), Wyton (32) and Laird's (18) appoint-
iiients. Richard MiuTell is steward at Lairds; Jas. Wheaton, at
Wyton; Wm. Temple, at Bailey's; Wm. Molland, at Bethesda ; and
Joseph Badggood, at Evans. At Thorndale Robert Walker is steward ;
with Wm. Carruthers and Ed. Nicholson, leaders ; and Benj. Tripp,
superintendent. The number of members of each class is given above
in brackets.

The Frame Church class was presided over by Hamilton McLeod.
Among the members were his wife, Jacob and Eliza McLeod, three
McKones, John Nixon, Clari.ssa Dickie, Eliza Orchard, Nelson and
Sarah Day, Sarah McNee, Eliza Simons, Eliza Tennant, Thomas Harris
and wife and Wm. Downham. The greater number of above ceased
to be members of this class in 1877, while others removed.

Laird's class compri,sed John Johnson, steward; Mrs. Johnson and
Mrs. Covely, with Mr. Carr. Evans's class was presided over by Jas.

564 IIISTUUY OK TUK

Evans, who tliotl in IS.SK; claims sixty-tlnoi! nieniliors, the j,'rcator
number of whom were received Fel). 20, ISSli. Hobbs's chiss, with
Richard Hobbs, steward, has forty-six members on the register. Buck
Church class was presided over by Philip Teskey.

St. Cleorge's Kni;lish Church was establi.shcd about 1802, with Ilev.
W. Urooknmn i)astor. Amonj,' the early members were: — John and
Thomas Fitzsimons. Hugh Davis, William Lo<,'aM, Kdward Fitz^'erald,
Henry McLean, William Malion, Kiohard Mills, Jtichard Guest, -lames
Shanly, Colonel .lames Shanly, Charles Harrisoti, the Lovelocks,
Hobbs, Bryans, Lo<;aiis, Dawsons, Cinininghams, (,'oswells, Bakers,
Keys, llussell Leonard, Martins, Laingheeds and Lumbeys. In 1863,
S. Belcher succeeded Mr. Brookman in charge of St. John's, at
Thamesford ; Grace Church and St. George's, at Thorndale. In 1871,
W. Daunt and C. W. Ball, 188:!, who remaineil until 1886, when J.
Holmes was ai)pointed. In July, 1887, F. F. Davis was apjwinted,
and in July, 1888, Rev. W. Seabourne. The communicants iniraber
fifty-two. I 'harles Harrison is the ja'csent .senior warden, having served
for the last sixteen years. He with J. J. Armstrong, station agent,
are present wardens.

Mount Olivet Lodge, No. iiOO, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July
10, 1873. The list of past masters is as follows : — Richard Mills, 187.'> ;
Motliitt Forster, 1874; J. D. Salmon, 1875 ; W. H. Dunlop, 1876 ; Geo.
F. Bryan, 1877 ; Edward Nicholson, 1878; E. Fitzgerald, 1879-81;
Noble Dickie, 1882 ; S. S. Murray, 188.S-84 ; Neil McKechnie, M.D.,
1885 ; W. F. Kennedy, 1886 ; Richard Guest, 1887.

Wyton Village is one of the oldest settlements in the township.
Near this point the Scatcherd family settled in 181'.i, almost seventy
years before the locomotive appeared there. In 1857 the hamlet con-
tained seventy-five inhabittmts. The business circle comprised: —
John Bidner, innkeeper ; Christopher Goodman, innkeeper ; Robert
Guruey, tailor ; Thomas Scatcherd, grist-mill and tannery ; Charles
Scott, shoemaker ; Sims & Sons, woollen-factory ; .John Talbot, jr.,
blacksmith ; John Talbot, sr., general-store ; Richard Talbot, carpenter ;
William Talbot, waggon-maker ; Peter VanEvery, postmaster.

Wyton Station and vicinity claims a ]iopulation of fifty. George
Scatcheixi is postmaster since 1874; M. Sherlock, giocer, and John
Talbot, blacksmith. Wyton Methodist class was presided over by
Joseph Wheaton, with Thomas Scatcherd, sr., and Thomas Scatcherd, jr.,
Mary Scatcherd, Jane Belton, Annie Angus and daughter, Eliza and
Margaret Talbot, Jane Farley, Mary Wilson, Mary Dundass, and Geo.
Scatcherd. On March 29, 1880, fifteen additional members were
added. Mount Zion class, as organized, claimed six members of the
Huntley family, Simon Johnson and David Dickie, stewards, and
twenty- seven others.

St. Ives and vicinity claimed a population in 1888 of 125 inhabi-
tants, Thomas Howard was postmaster; Henry Powell, merchant;
John Healy, proprietor of saw-mill ; J. M. Barnard, of flouring-jnill ;
and Daniel McKinnon, of blacksmith shop.

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX.

505

Ih'lton in 18,SS cliiitue.l twenty inhabitants. John Gibson was

.0 tniustor and Koneml n.orchant ; Join. German, bhicksmi h 3

I'eter .Smith, waj,'f,'on-niaki!r. ' ""

th. Ih!;/''"'!'''^!'""/' ^*';?^^J:'«^"'^» <-'J»"ch was opened Jan. 1".». 1,S82
he total cost of the bnildn.g beingSS.OOl). To the Ilev. ( olin Fletcher'
t^he pastor. tu3sncce.ss or tlKMuidertakingw^^^ Tiu comt'-'

-atu.n here dat^^s back to 1852, when Mr. Logic held services 1^10.'
school-hou.se; bnt ,n 18.:i.S a stone house wasl,uilt, which gave place
to the present building. In 1852, Usborne Town hip was al.noJt an

liebeem post-office was established eight years ago (1880) with
John Henderson ma.ster, and who still holds the position, witi.Ltert

S T^^V ^'^""' ^"'}''^ ^'^'^ ^"'It about twenty years aao by
bamuel iiueston who conducted the hou,se for a number of years
Ihe Henderson .store was esUiblislied by Widow Hueston, who buS
un ad.ht.on to the old toll-hou.se, which she bought. The Ashman
saw-unll (new) wa_s established in 1887 by Mark Ashman Prior to
this Ins old saw-mill stood a mile west of Rebecca ^nor U>

566

HiSTOKY OF t:::

CHArTER xxxir.

WKSTMINSTKK TOWNSIIir.

Westminster is bounded on the north by the Thames River, which
divides it from Lotidon Township; on the south by El^iu County, east
by North Dorchester Township, and west by Delaware. Dingman's
Creek may be said to drain all the central sections from east to west.
The northern and southern concessions claim numerous living; streams
— so manj', indeed, that it may be said that every farm has its creek.
East of the railroad a number of ponds exist.

The London & Port Stanley IJailrftad runs south on what may be
termed the west line of the east half of the township, with depots at
Grove and Glanworth hamlets.

Westminster in 1817 contained 107 houses and 428 people. Two
school buildings, one grist-mill and one saw-mill, were the public build-
ings of the pioneer community. Nathan Griilitii's brick sold for thirty
shillings a thousand, owing to the slow method of treading clay with
oxen. In IHll land was worth five shillings per acre, and increased
four-fold by 1817. In KS.jO, 4,525 inhabitants, three grist-mills, two
carding machines, a fulling-mill and a number of schools pointed to
])rogress. In 1X49, 57,600 bushels of wheat, 54,000 bushels of oats,
12, OIK) bushels of peas, 28,000 pounds of wool, and ;i6,000 pounds of
butter were produced, and cleared land was worth about sixty shillings
per acre.

Barnabas Skuse's limekiln on Concession 1 is one of the large
industries of the county. From his quarry the limestone for the
asylum, some bridge abutments, the foundations of the Catholic Cathe-
dral and other buildings was procured. The (j^uarry was first worked
about 1840 by old Benj. Kilbourn. Teeple, Summers and the present
owner succeeded Mr. Kilbourn.

It is one of the largest townships in Middlesex, and in it and around
it are gathered abundant evidences of material prosperity. The glory
of fertile fields ; the bounty of dairies ; the fruit of trees and vine ;
the sweets of bee-farm.s, and the blossoms of flowers, pay tribute to
this rich district, making the altars of the fruitful Pan and the bounti-
ful Ceres I'edolent with incense most i)leasing to the husbandman.
And this is the land which at the beginning of the century was merely
ii camping-place for the itinerant red-man. He came here at intervals
to take what the river, ])onds and streams offered of the finny tribe ; or
the forest of game ; or the soil of wild fruits or herbs. Here, among
the red-willow marshes, he manufactured the br '< into Kinnikinick,
and dried the wild tea in imitation of the Chi ; se ; but the children
of nature never slept to dream of drawing forth the resources of the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

567

soil and forests. The task was held for another race — the white
workers — who came to plow and sow, and build, and to transform the
wilderness into the garden which we now find it. Throughout the
Province tliere cannot be found a more beautiful township, nor one
where wealth atid ha])piness are more equally distributed.

On Monday (Feb. 4, 1793), His Excellency Lieut-Governor Sira-
coe, accompanied by Capt. Fitzgerald and Lieut. Smith, of the 5th
Kegiment, Lieuts. Talbot, Grey and Givens, and Major Littlehales, left
Navy Hall (Newark) in sleighs, and proceeded through the concessions
parallel with Lake Ontario to the twelve-mile creek, the roads being
very indifferent and wet, owing to the unusual mildne:3 of the season.
From this point the party proceeded along the mountain and the ir-
regular ridge which stretches westward near Brantford and Woodstock,
and which is probably a continuation of the " mountain." They passed
through the Mohawk Village, where they saw the old Mohawk Church,
and thence near Woodi,tock, and down the west branch of the Thames,
entering the County of Middlesex in North Dorchester, and passing
into Westminster, camped for the night near the Westminster ponds.

The* survey of the line bounding the rear of the first Concession
north of the street, beginning at a dead beech tree standing in the
north-westerly corner of the Township of Dorchester, thence S. 81° 30'
W., was made in 1809-10 by Deputy Provincial Surveyor Simon T.
Z. Watson. Then there was no settler on R. 23, where Captain Jos.
Odell subsequently settled, nor on R. 24, where Albert S. Odell located
his lands, and the only residents on the whole Township of Westmin-
ster were Arch. McMillan, on R. 45 and 46, twenty chains from the
line, and Nathaniel Fairchild, on R. 47 and 48. The survey extended
to Chestnut post, standing in the north-easterly angle of Delaware
Township. The north street or branch of Talbot road was surveyed by
Col. Burwell, and the remaining part of the township (see field notes
at Meredith) by Col. Bostwick in 1820. Lands here were not granted
to absentees or sold to speculators prior to 1817, and so became the
home of many who came here to carve out farms. Unlike Dorchester,
Delaware and Adelaide, where large tracts were parcelled out among
favorites, actual settlers flocked into Westminster. In 1817, John and
Oliver McClary arrived from Pennsylvania with the family, and
entered on life in the forest.

Michael McLaughlin brought the first spring wagon — wooden
springs — into Westminster about 1823-4. Alvard Ladd had the first
stage between Delaware and Ancaster, and held it until Eli Trowbridge
took the route. Trowbridge lived where the present Nathan Griffiths's
house stands, on Concession 1 of Westminster.

A road through David Reynolds's lands in Westminster was ap-
proved in July, 1830, and damages of £2 lOs. awarded. In the case
of a road in Yarmouth, £3 15s. per acre for improved land, and £1 53.

*Vide letter and documentx from Crown Land Department, Toronto, to William Mo-
Clary, of May 7, 1851, and additions. Out. 16, 18til.

568 HISTOr.Y OF THE

for uiiiin proved, was the rate of daiiiaj^e allowed to Aaron AVliitesell
aud Wm. Doau. In Ajuil, 18;)2, the surveyor's rejnjrt ou the Wharn-
clitle road was ajiproved by a jury of twelve men. In April, 1831,
Wm. King Cornish, surveyor, rejjorted a road through Lot 44, ^V'est-
ininster, to McMillan's bridge, and a jury of twelve men confirmed
this report. A road from Thomas Pool's to Michael McLaughlin's
house in Westminster was also a])proved. In October, 1836, the court
received a petition of the inhabitants of Westminster, asking thtvt a
bridge be built over the eastern branch of the Thames, near Alvard's
or Kenny's mills. £25 were granted.

Organisation. — The first record of the Westminster Council is
dated March 4, 1817. The first meeting was held at Archibald Mc-
Millan's tavern, for the united townships of Westminster, Delaware
and Dorchester. Henry Schenick was chosen clerk ; Jacobus Schenick
and Jos. L. Odell, assessors ; Major S. Tousley, collector ; and Timothy
Kilbourn, Capt. B. li. Brigham, John Wells, Davis Doty, Barnabas
Flanagan and Jeremiah Schram, overseers of highways; Albert 8.
Odell and Kobert Frank, town-wardens ; Nathan Oriftith and Gideon
Tiffany, pound-keepers. This Council ordered that all fences should
be four and a-half feet high, with rails not more than four inches
apart. Hogs were allowed at Large. In 1818, Archibald McMillan
was chosen clerk and A. S. Odell, collector, who gave ]ilace to Joseph
I>. Flanagan in 181!), and he to Asa Townsend in 1820, Archibald
McMillan still holding the clerkship. 1819, fences were ordered to be
five feet high, while hogs were free-commoners. A note made February
10, 1820, gives the snow fall at two feet of " hard winter snow,"

In 1821 the town meeting was held at Asa Townsend's Tavern.
Henry Schenick was elected collector. In 1822, Nathan Griffith took
McMillan's place as town clerk, and Geo. J. Goodhue was chosen col-
lector, with James Choate, JMichael Crydemau, John Sutton and Benj.
Woodhull, waixlens: Chailjs Pettis and Abram Sloat (who was Bap-
tist preacher at Brick street school) were roadmasters for North street
to Mill Creek, and Gardner Merrick for West Westminster. In 1823
the meeting was held at E. Trowbridge's house, Arch. McMillan was
chosen clerk, and Samuel Hungerford, collector ; B. B. Brigham and
Ben. Woodhull, pathraasters for Delaware ; Joseph Kilbourn and
James Sheldon for West Westminster ; Seth Putnam and Abram Car-
roll, for Dorchester; Timothy Kilbourn, Jesse Corn well and John
O'Neil (who afterwards kept stage tavern here Abram Carroll built
in 1826-7), church or town-wardens. In 1824, Nathan Griffith was
clerk ; Samuel Hunt, collector ; Kobert Summers and Adolphus Bost-
wick, wardens; Gideon Bostwick was collector in 1825, and John
Sutton and Timothy Kilbourn, wardens. In 1826, at a meeting
held at Sylvanus Reynolds's house, Westminster, Sweet Gai"dner was
chosen collector; Griffith being still clerk, with Robert Frank and
John Sutton, wardens.

In 1827 a meeting at Eli Trowbridge's house selected the same

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

569

clerk and collector, with Andrew Fortnor and Jose] ili L. Odell, wardens.
In 18l!S, A. S. Odell was collector and Daniel McPherson and John
Stevens, wardens. In 1829, Gideon liostwick took Odell's place, with
Bartley Seward and Andrew lieattie, wardens. The meeting of 1830
was held at David Doly's house. Griffith, clerk, and I'ostwick,
collector, were re-elected, also in 1831-2; in 1833 A. S. Odell was
chosen collector, replaced in 18o4 by G. G. Bostwick, who was also
cho.sen in 183"), but gave place to Ross liobertson in 1830, while G.
G. Bostwick was chosen clerk. In 1837 a meeting held at Shubal
Nichol's house, Lot 31, Concession 2, Westminster, elected Nathan
Griflith clerk ; Calvin Burch, assessor, and Wm. Odell, collector.
During the years 1835-7 roads claimed much attention. In 1838, Henry
Schenick was collector, Griffith still holding the clerkship. In 1839,
Calvin Burch was chosen assessor and collector. In 1840, Henry
Scheuick was chosen clerk, and Charles i\Iontague was chosen pathmaster
lor Dorchester and Westminster town-line. Schenick and Burch held
their positions till 1843; in 184(1 James Haldane was selected clerk
and John Beattie assessor and collector. In 1848, Samuel Iliddell was
assessor and collector. In 1849, these, with Isaac (Campbell, councillor,
were re-elected. In 1850, Isaac Campbell received 350 votes ; James
Kae, 253; liichard Frank, 228; David Kymal, 224, and J. L. Odell,
207 votes, and were chosen councillors under the municipal act. Isaac
Campbell was chosen reeve ; Richard Frank, deputy ; James Haldane,
clerk ; Samuel Riddell, assessor ; Andrew Beattie, collector ; and Wm.
Crinklaw, treasurer. Thomas B. French was chosen school superin-
tendent.

In 1851, R. Frank, James Rae, Garner Elwood, Charles Montague
and John Glendenning formed the Council. In 1852, Peter McClary
was a councillor ; John Ferris, license inspector in 1853, and Eli
Griffith was councilman. Adam Murray served as clerk from 1853 to
1860, when James Armstrong was appointed. In 1871 he was suc-
ceeded by Henry Anderson, the present incumbent.

Pioneer Days. — It was no uncommon sight to see a band of
Indians with their squaws, pappooses, ponies and dogs, travelling
through the country, or their wigwams at their favorite camping
grounds. Trails — some deep-worn paths led from all sides toward
the forks of the Thames, and thence to the sjirings. When the first
settlers came, several small garden spots were observed ; but such spots,
like the old Indian trails, were soon ])lowed up by the new comers, and
even the red man's grave disappeared before their plow or spade.

Prior to the war of 1812, a ship-load of farming implements was
sent out from England to York for distribution among actual settlers
on 200-acre tracts. For each was a spade, hoe, plow mold, iron wedges
.set of nine harrow teeth, ox-ring and staple, ox-chain, and some other
articles. The cargo was kept at York, and it is said that instead of
distributing the implements as intended, the governing class charged
the settlers one sterling shilling per pound. Among the number who.

570

mSTOUY OF THE

went to York was Ned Teeples, Bill Hale and othei'3. When the
Americans cap*:ured Toronto, they called the settlers to the point to
car-y awaj' what was jnstly theirs. This sta<^ement is made on the
auMority of "VV^ni. Hale, later of I^ondon, who was present, and related
the lacts to Robert Snmniers.

Ahrara Tatrick served in the war of 1812, leaving his wife and
children alone. During his aUsence his wife caught an Indian driving
away her cow oil' the Dingman farm, but her intrepidity conquered
the dusky thief, who looked puzzled indeed when the brave woman
advanced, and turning the cow homewards, left the savage standing in
mute surprise. That night the Indians killed two cows, the property
of Nathaniel Fairchild. Abram Patrick and his sons were some of the
famous hunters of early years. Their prowess in the chase was nn-
equaled in the wilds of the Thames, and thousands of the wild animals
of the forest fell victims to their aim. While at dinner one day, his
daughter discovered a huge black bear and three cubs within the yard.
The hunters at once gave chase, the elder Patrick bringing the bear
mother to bay, when John Patrick shot and killed her. Two cubs
were then killed, and in later days the other.

Two brothers of Isaac Cronse were lost one Sunday in April, 1829.
All the settlers turned out, old Dr. Lee oii'ering $50 for finding them,
except Abram Patrick, who, with his dog and rifle, said he would hunt
them alone. On Wednesday he found one. Nelson, sitting on a log,
five miles away ; the other boy. Tommy, was never found.

Alpha, Archie, Cyrus and Thomas McMillan, were sons, and Mercy,
who married Reynolds, Lovina, who married Anson Simons, and Oyrena,
were the daughters of the pioneer of Byron, and indeed, of the county
outside the limits of Delaware and Dorchester, as it was in 1809. David
Patrick maintains that they were his nearest neighbors, as none were
south of them until the settlement of St. Thomas was reached. Dur-
ing the early years they ground their corn in mortars, until the mill at
Delaware was running. At St. Thomas they found a store where they
paid '$10 per bushel for salt, and i?l per yard for common calico.

Captain Jos. Odell, John Odell and James Lester settled on Con.
1, Westminster, in 1811, and were the first three permanent settlers on
the concession, which was surveyed in 1809-10 by Mr. W^atson. The
two Odells served against the Americans in 1812-14 William Odell
settled in Westminster in 1836. His son, W. L. Odell, is proprietor
of the Warrior Hotel, on Concession 1, and also postmaster at that
point. The latter a.ssisted in building the old Wellington bridge across
the Thames and did the iron work for other early bridges. He also

assisted in cutting through

the

Wellington road from Concession

1 to

Loudon.

Albert S. Odell settled in Westminster in 1810, and was soon
after joined by his brother and sister. Joshua S. settled on Concession
1 hi 1811. He moved to London in 1831, and opened a tavern on
Duudas street, where the Mansion House now stands. In 1834 he
moved to Belmont, and died in 1803.

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX,

571

The grandfather of the present Francis D. Norton is said to have
settled on Concession 1, Lot 7, of Westminster, in I.SIO (David Mor-
ton states 1811), immediately after the snrvey (bej^un in 1809) was
com])leted. L. A. Norton, a member of this family, was confined six
months in London jail iii LSliS ; bnt on account of his youth, escaped
the gallows, and was banished from Canada. He is now a lawyer at
Healdsburg, Cal. David Norton and brother served against the
Americans at Lundy's Lane.

Nathan Griflith, grandfather of the present Nathan, served with
the Americans in the IJt^volution, while his sons, who settled here in
1812, served against them in the war of 1812. The old gentleman
drew a pension diu'ing his life from the American Covernment. In
181(1 he was one of the founders of the M. E. Church on Brick street,
and is said to have continued a member until his death in lcSG2.

Pioneer Duncan, his wife, five sons and three daughters, cani • from
Scotland to New York in 1815, and were induced by Col. Talbot's
agents to come hither, which they did that fall, settling on Con. 2.
Margaret married James McGuftin, who died about 18-18, and she died
in August, 1881.

Cyrus W. Sumner is .said to have settled on Con. 1 about 1816, on
a lot which was a grant to Delia, daughter of John Fowler, a United
Empire Loyalist. He died in 1880. He had a six-pound iron cannon
ball which was fired from Lewiston into Queenstown during the war
of 1812.

Nathan IJurch, grandfather of D. 1». Burch, of Westminster, came
from New York in 17'.)8, and settled in Blenheim, whore he was
granted lands. In 1816 he moved to Lot 75, north Talbot Road, and
died in 182',*, aged 77 years. Calvin, his son, was brought from New
York in 1802, when four years old. He was one of the first school
teachers, and used to say that he sold himself to Canada for a johnny-
cake, given to him by his mother. In 1818 he came to this township,
and taught school until 1820. Among his pupils vvas David Patrick,
still livnig. He married a daughter of Jeremiah Schram.

John McClary, a pioneer of Westminster, settled on Lot 2, Con. 1,
about 1817. He came hither from Pennsylvania. Peter McClary,
one of his sons, was Itevenue Collector at London for twenty-three
years ; and William one of the early surveyors. Samuel Hunt settled
in Westminster in 1817, on the west side of Talbot Road, where he
assisted in forming a class of Methodists. He died in 18(')r). ^Irs.
Elizabeth Frank, the daughter of a United Emjiire Loyalist who .set-
tled in Westminster in 1817, and relict of Robert Frank, died at
Strathroy in June, 1874.

John Caldwell settled on Concession 2, Westminster, in 1818,
when there were only two settlers there. Win. Bryant and J(jhii Elliott.
He was local Methodist preacher of this district. John Sutton, a
soldier of 1812, was gi-anted 200 acres on the west side of the Talbot
Road in Westminster, where he settled in 1818. At this time the

572 HISTOUY OF THE

settlers had to go to Gardner & lleynolds's mill, where the London
waterworks now stand.

James Schenick, sr., and his sou Henry, caino to Westminster in
18 lis, and purchased lands on Lot 20, Con. 1, that j ;ar. Henry ulti-
mately located on Lot 28, and married Hulda, sister of Dr. Duncombe,
and daugliter of Thomas Duncombe, in 181'.l. The doctor was a leader
of the Patriots in l.S:!7; went to England to represent the radiail ideas;
returning took a full ])art in the rebellion, and, fleeing for shelter to
the United States, died some years ago in California. Henry Schen-
ick built the frame house in Middlesex, the same which is still in
use near the house of A. C. Johnston, who married his granddaughter.
William Bryant, a llhtish .soldier, ctime in 18 IS, or very early in 1819,
and settled on Lot 'Mi, Con. 2, We,slmin.ster. llobert Summers, now
living, settled there with his father that year, llichard Tunks and
Spettigue came with him. Jacob Dale .settled on Con. 1, M.'irch 17,
1818, according to Caldwell's statenunit, althoui'h his son Jacob Dale
states that the pioneer settled there in 18l:>. When building his house
in Westminster, three or four miles from London, near the Lambeth
road, about the time Goodhue opened his Westminster store, he gave
the merchant IDd bushels of good wheat for 100 pounds weight of
nails. Samuel Glass, father of Sherilf Glass, left Armagh County,
Ireland, in 1810, for Westminster Town.ship, where his sister, who
married Lieut.-Col. Orr, had .settled in 1817. On his way hither he
induced Air. Owrey, of Donaghadet!, Ireland, to also settle in West-
minster. The latter purchased lands here, while, in 1826, Mr. Glass
married Eliza Owrey, and ])urchased the tract since known as I^Iount
Pleasant. In 1830 he .sold the farm and located in London Township,
and in 18.'!1 settled in London Village, where he died in 1877. Jas.
Nixon, who settled in AVestmin,ster in 1810, died in 187-'!; but his
widow (Margaret Sumnier.s) is still residing there at the ago of 94.
For thirty-five years his son John Nixon has been justice of the peace,
and councillor for twenty-nine years.

Jesse Cornell settled' in 181'.) on Lot 78, North Talbot road. Robt.
Summers came from Cumberland County, England, in 1819, bringing
with him his family. It is stated that the family came the time that
James Nixon's family came ; but this is wrong, as the Nixons settled
in New York in 18 Ki, and came to Westminster in February, 1819.
Elliot Grieves settled on Concession 1, of Westminster, in 18 1 '.i. South
of his location were two families. John Elliott settled at Ponds Mills
in 18o(). John McGill and Sylvanus Reynolds, both of Westminster,
were granted tavern licenses June 17, 1820, on payment of £'■> 10s.
each. In July, Asa Town.send of Westminster, was authorized to keep
a hou.se of entertainment on payment of £11 Eli Trowbridge, who
settled on Lot 35, Concession 1, in 1821-3, kept the stage station
there, and there married Mary, Robert Summer's daughter, after the
death of his first wife ; in 1825 came from New York. For some
years he can-ied the mail from Aucaster to Delaware, and died in 1828.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

57?.

On April 20, 1' 20, one Josliua Applegarth of Westminster, was con-
victed of using two stills for the distilling of spirituous liquors for sale
(in November, IcSl'J), and sentenced to pay £10 in currency — one-half
to tlie King, and the other to Magistrate Mitchell, who was also inspec-
tor and prosecutor, together with £3 Ids. fid. to the same James
Mitchell for costs, and to forfeit his stills to His Majesty. This was a
little log house opposite Ajiplogarth's house, where Goodhue lived
later.

Cyrus Sumner settled in Westminster in 1822 on Concession 1,
and later built one of the first brick houses in the village of Loudon.
He has served as tax collector for the last twenty-three years, with the
exception of one year. During the troubles of 1837-iS he served
against the Patrifits, and had his horse shot. His father, .John A.,
settled in 1823. John Koutledge settled on east side of Talbot road
in 1824. He came to the United States in liSl'.t.

J)r. Elijah Duncombe (son of Thomas Duncombe, who came from
New York in 1822 and settled in Westmin.ster, but died at St. Thomas
that year) died at St. Thomas, February 20, 1870. He came to St.
Thomas in 1823, and resided there until his death. He had his name
entered for the land, at $2.50 per acre, on which the eastern part of
I.K3ndon now stands, but surrendered it on account of its inaccessibility,
there being no bridge over the Thames here in 1823-4. Elizabeth
Parrott, who married John Bogue in England in 1826, and settled
with him in Westminster Township in 1837, died June 25, 188().

John Cooke Meredith, a native of Dublin, Ireland, came to West-
minster Township at an early date, and, with his wife, Saiuh Peglcr,
resided there for a number of ye{irs. George Pegler was Samuel
Peters's opponent in the butchers' trade at London, having their stores
on King street. John O'Brien was also a butcher here when the
market was held on the court-house square. John Stephens settled in
Westminster in 1827. His son, Richard, came at that time. Later he
served as clerk in Dennis O'Brien's store at London until the death of
his father in 1837. James Armstrong, born in New Brunswick in
1830, came with his parents to Westminster in 183fi. George Laidlaw
settled on Lot 11, Concession .">, in 1832. Dr. George McDermott, the
celebrated oculist of Cincinnati, O., is the son of James and Jane
McDermott, who came from Ireland in 1833, and worked for Dennis
O'Brien, of London, in 1841. The family settled in Westminster
Township where James (the father) died in 1872.

Thomas Anderson settled in Westminster in 1833, at a time when
there was not a settler south of the 2nd Concession, in the eastern half
of the township. His son Henry killed fifty deer within a few years
after settlement. In 1837, Henry Anderson was sergeant in the 4tb
Middlesex militia, and was called out against the Patriots. At a gen-
eral muster at Henry Schenick's, 500 militia were ju'esent. Capt.
Joseph Odell called for volunteers to serve as minute-men, when four-
teen men responded, among them Henry and Thomas F. Anderson,

r)74 HISTOUY OF THE

Wm. Dubeny and three brothers of the Shore family. Of tlie whole
number (500), only the fourteen were willin<» to go to the front.

Francis Nichol, who in 18.'>;{ settled on the 4th Concession of
Westminster, where Adam now resides, died in 1868. He built the
first brick house there, and one of the first frame burns, which is still
standing. John Nichol accompanied his father. Isaac Willsie settled
on Con. 5, Lot 5, Westminster, in 1 8o4. W. T. Willsie settled on t!on.
7 in 1845. John Wilson settled on Con. 4, Lot 11, in 1H44. Thomas
and John Shore settled in Westminster Township in lH^.'>'^, where Duty
were soon joined by Frederick Shore. Thomas served as a Colonel in
the Reserve militia, and against the Patriots. In 1834 John Shore, sr.,
settled here. Timothy Coughlin, sr., settled on the (Sth Concession of
Westminster in 1834. His son, John T. Coughlin, has served the
township on the local and county Board since 1«68. Isaac Manning
settled in Westminster in 183:!, on Lot 1, Con. 4, of which he was one
of the few pioneers. Squire Jacob L Manning came in 1834 and set-
tled on Con. (J, where he was appointed a magistrate soon after, and
still holds that position. For fourteen years he kept a general store
where Belmont now stands, and was postmastei" there. A reference to
the military chapter points out his services as captain and colonel of
militi.a. Byron Barnard settled on Con. 2 in 18.33. His son as.sisted
in cutting the road between Westminster and Dorchester. About 1853
the younger Barnard killed a 400-pound bear on the ftirm.

Donald and Jane (ALartin) Fraser, the latter a sister of the late
John Martin, the Irish patriot, settled in Westminster in 1834. Their
son, Dr. John Martin Fraser, of London, is one of the leading physicians
of Canada. He was born in Westminster, August 12, 1836. Mrs.
Margaret Bentley, widow of Roltert Bentley, died October 6, 1880.
Daniel Morden, " The Prophet," died in Westminster, June 21, 1860.
He was an eccentric, well-known character. Alex. Kerr settled on Lot
15, Concession 5, in 1835, with his family. John McKellar came to
Elgin County that year. Arch. Cameron came in 1843. Morris
Simp.son settled on Lot 2, Conce.ssiou 5, in 1835. He served against
the Patriots, and had previously served against the Americans with the
English. His death took place in 18G0. Lewis Simpson accompanied
his father hither. David McEwen settled in Delaware Township in
1834, and, in 1836, located on the east town-line, Concession 1, West-
minster. John Elliot settled in 1836 on Lot 17, Concession 2, West-
minster.

Thomas Errington settled on Concession 8 of Westminster in
1836. He married a daughter of Andrew Neville, an old settler of
the township, who was a soldier at Lundy's Lane in the war of 1812.
Mr. Errington was lost in the wreck of the Glasgow in 1853. F. W.
Errington settled here in 1839. Thomas Turnbull, who came from
Scotland and settled in Westminster in 1837, died in Septeml^er, 1887.
John Bogue, a settler of 1837, resides on Lot 33, Concession 1, where
George J. Goodhue's store and distillery stood up to 1829. Duncan

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. r.75

McPlmrson setl.led on (,'oncession 8 of Westminster in 1S47, biiiig-
in<5 witli him 8G,()(I(), and, in 18iS, purchased tlie Labatt farm.
Dr. W. B. Lindsay, a settler of 184.'!, was the eldest of four sons of G.
H. Lindsay, of Mt. Brydges. He graduated in 1869, and Ix'^an
})ractice at Napier. In 18(19 he raised a volunteer company, and was
commissioned ca))tain.

Among the early settlers of Westminster Township who were
prominent in 187fS— S(l may be named: — David Patrick, a settler of
1818. ("yrus Sumner, 182li ; John Stephens, 1826 ; .JohnTeeple, 1824 ;
G. E. Jarvis, 1828; Eli S. Jarvia. Thomas Shore and F. Nicoll, 1838 ;
George Itoutledge, Samuel Bratt and David Beattie, 18;M ; Robert
Baty, 1831; James Armstrong, 1835; Michael Carrothers and J. S.
Revnolds, IS."}? ; Minchin Jackson, D. McEwen and James O'Brien,
183G ; W. Laidlaw, 1830; Alex. Ken- and Andrew lloutledge, 1840 ;
A. C Davis and John Kerr, 1841 ; Wni. Walker and Hugh Thompson,
1842; Samuel Adams and John Parke, 184.'!; Thomas Frank, 1845;
John McGregor, Sam. Thomas, jr, .Fohn A. Mill, and James McDonald,
1847; Andrew Mair and Alex. Hyman. 1848; Wm. .McCurley 1842;
John Kay, 1836.

The Subscription School, a very primitive institution, existed here
as far back as 1816. Twenty years later the school system began to
take shape, for in 1836, as the following letter shows, the district clerk,
as well as trustees and teacher, had all something to do with tlie schools :

Westminster, Oth December, 1836.
Received of Mr. Askins, by the hands of our teacher, H. W. Milne, six spelling
books, six Testaments, six oasy-readcrs, and three English readers, for the use of a
common school, situated on Lot No. 54, north-cast branch, Talbot street.

L. A. Wkisholm, 1
B. Davis, [-Trustees.

Westminater Insurance Company was formally organized in
October, 1857, at Henry Anderson's house, and on November 11,
1857, fully organized at the Wharncliri'e Inn. William McKerlie pre-
sided, with J. P>. French, secretary. Tiie directors chosen were : —
Thomas Shore, William Walker, John Wilson, John Nixon, Leonard
Odell. Alexander Kerr and Henry Anderson. John Wilson was
chosen president ; Henry Anderson, secretary; Alexander Kerr, trea-
surer ; James Haldane and Robert Fleming, auditors. The salary of
treasurer and secretary in 1857-8 was SIO per aTmum each. On
December 3, 1857, seventy-six iipplications were accepted and policies
issued. Donald Fra-ser's log-barn was burned in November, 1858,
entailing a loss of 832.33. In October, 1859, Robert Carrothers's
house was destroyed, the loss ])aid being ,^200. In 1862, Thomas
Shore was elected president. In 1869, William McKerlie's barn was
destroyed, entailing a loss of S350. In 1870, N. K. Davi.s's Louse was
destroyed, the loss being #200. In 1872, Pager's barn, $150, and
Cyrus Sumner's house, $800, were burned. In 1873, Peter McClary's

57t) HISTORY OF THE

two barns, $1,000, and No. IS school house, ^300, were burned. In
1874 the loss on James Catvill's house was SGOO. In 1875, Andrew
Wehldii was elected ynesideiit. T. McDougal's barn was burned, en-
tailiiii,' a loss of SiSOO ; Fisher's house, .15(160. In 1876, James
Craij,' was elected jiresident. The minister's house, on (Joncession 'A,
was burned, the loss being SO.IO ; liernard Skuse's driving house, S31.5 ;
J. Ulair's barn, S200. Thonuis McDougall was elected president in
1n77. George Munn's barn was destroyed in 1877. In 1878, J. H.
Little was elected president. Wra. Wright's barn, $380 ; Chas. Main's
green-house, $100, and a number of smaller buildings were destroyed
this year. In 1879, .<ohn Nixon was cho.'=!en president. There were
five snuiU finss. In 1880, Andrew Weldon was president, succeeded
by George Routledge in 1881. There were no less than sixteen
claims made this year — one for a cow and four for a sheep killed. The
heavy losses were: — Milne's barns, $1,850; J. Dale's barn, $1,000;
and James O'Brien'.'^ barn, $732. The total lo.sses were $7,r)02.07.
In 1882, Ilugli Mcl'herson was elected president. The claims this
year amounted to $2,835, among which were Henry Wall's house,
$900, and Thomas Smith's house, $800. R. G. Rose was president in
1883. The claims this year amounted to $3,460, while in 1884 the
amount was only $1,251. In 1885, A. Weldon was president. The
total loss was $1,162. Wm. AValker resigned in 1886, when Thomas
McDougall was elected treasurer. The los.ses amounted to $168.
John H. Little was cliosen president. In 1887, John Nixon was
elected president, succeeded in 1888 by Geo. Routledge. The total
losses in 1887 amounted to $75().6G. ileiu'y Aiiderson has served as
secretary and manager since 1857. There are now about 83G members,
holding policies amounting to $1,204,1100.

Churches. — Westminster Circuit of the Wesleyan Church was es-
tablished in 1816, and John Hamilton appointed minister; David
Younians and Caleb Swazey in 1817; Daniel Shepherdson, 1818;
Alvin Tovy, 18l!l ; Lsaac 15. Smitli and S. Belton, 1820; James Jack-
son, George Ferguson and Wm. Ryerson, 1821 ; James Jackson and
George Ferguson, 1822; George Ferguson, 1823-4; James Jackson,
1825; Robert Cor.son, 1826; Matt. Whiting, 1827 ; Geo. Sovereign
and Richard Phelps, 1828; Asabel Hurlburt, 1829; Sam. Belton and
Siniou Huntingdon, LS.'iO; Horace Dean and ,Iohn Baxter, 1831;
Hamilton Biggar, 1832; Samuel Rose and Peter Kerr, 1833-4; C.
Vandusen and .1. K. Williston, 1835, when the township was attached
to St. Thomas for circuit purposes. The ministers of St. Thomas Cir-
cuit in 1836 were Vandusen and Williston ; in 1837, Thos. Fawcett
and C. B. Gooderich; in 1838, James Norris and David Hardie; in
1839, James Norris and C. W. M. Gilbert; in 1840, Hugh Mont-
gomery; in 1841-2, Solomon Waldron ; in 1843-4, Kennedy Creigh-
ton ; in 1845, Sol. Snider; in 1840-8, Sam. C. Philp, with A. T. Green
and R. Whiting, assistants ; in 1850, Wm. Pollard and E. White ; in
1851, John Bredin, Jos. Hughill and E. H. Dewart ; in 1852-3,

COUNTY OF MIUDI-KSEX. 577

Ricliiird Whiting ; and in 18r)4, \Vm. Price and Sam. E. Maudsley.
In 1855, the circuit was re-established, with John Hutchinson, pastor.
Thomas Crews served from 1857 to 18:)9 ; L O. Rice, 1860-1 ; James
A. Iveson, 18G2-4 ; Wm. Ames, 1865-0 ; llichard J. Forman, 1867-8;
James E. Dyer, 18(;!)-71; and David C. Clappison, 1872-;i. The
Methodist Church of Canada in Westminster succeeded the Wesleyan
Society in 1874, when David i'. Clappison was pastor. Wm. Lund
and Gt!o. W, Henderson were preachers in 1875-() ; Joseph S, Colling,
in 1877-'.>, with (J. Harper in 1877 and E. A. Fear in 1878, assistants ;
Thomas Crews and W. J. lirandou presided in 1880 ; Thomas and H.
W. Crews, in 1881-2 ; Edwin Holmes and John Henderson, 1883 ;
E. Holmes and James E. Holmes, 1884.

Byron. — The first settler of Westminster was Archibald McMillan,
who settled at liyron prior to 1810. The North Talbot road was a
blazed trail at this time. When Abram Patrick arrived (in 1810 or
1811) at Hyron, he found Arch. McMillan's tavern and David liey-
nolds'.s, John Wells's and Nathaniel Fairchild's cabins, and settled on
Lot 71, Talbot survey, range 4, in 1810. He cut the road from Byron
to Lambeth. Jeremiah Schram and John Dingman were then settled
at Lambeth, of which Mr. Patrick was the third settler. Thomas I'oole
came shortly after. His wife died at the age of 102 years in 1875.
In 1820, William Sutherland took up 200 acres of land where Byron
Village now stands ; but subsequently moved to Lambeth, where he
resided until his death in 1858. In 187o his widow died in Delaware
Township, wliere John Sutherland, their son, now resides. From 1822,
when the Lawrasons oj)ened their farm near liyron, and established a
store and distillery there, to 1833, when the son, Lawrence Lawrason,
joined G. J. Goodhue in business at London, the liyron neighborhood
was a bu.sy place, indeed. In 1825 the first post office was opened
there, with young Lawrason in charge, being then the only post-office,
except Delaware, north of St. Thomas. When the magistrates used to
meet at Sylvanus Ileynolds's new inn at Springbank in 1S36, Ira
Schofield and James Parkinson were the active magistrates; while
Captain Matthews, Duncan Mackenzie and others would preside at
times. It is said that .'it this time some merchants could get judgment
on any bill ])resented to the court. Such a case was before the court
in 182(), when the grist of some London Township settler was seized
at the Byron mill, and carried into the court-room by the constable.
Captain Matthews, seeing the grist, said : " Hello! Have you turned the
court into a grist-mill?" The unfortunate owner of the grist told his
story, and affirmed that he never owed the plaintilf a penny. Matthews
said to him : " Take your gi-ist out of this — take it home. Tliis busi-
ness must be stopped." The grateful settler returned with his grist,
blessing the good captain. He was tried for this contempt of court,
defended himself, and was acquitted by the jury.

Dr. Henry Hall, born here in 1836, studied medicine, and began
practice there in 1850, when Dr. Woodrutf, of London, began practice.

678 msToitv of the

He enroll Mrs. Hull, who for two years was blind. She was com-
pletely cured, and subsequently married CJodfrey, who jrave Hall Si 00
for curinji the woman. He also cured Jane Griflith (Nathan (Jriflith's
wife), of London South, who could not tell whether her children were
dressed in black or white. The ])resent Nathan ( irifhth paid him S'250
for curing his mother. Dr. Hull moved to Peru, where he died in
18G3. His brother Cyrenus went to a prie.st there to ask permission
to bury him, and, to his great surjjrise, the ja-iest granted jiermission
and rendered him assistance. Dr. Hall performed an extraordinary
cure in the case of James, son of (lilbert llobson, of London Township,
and during the typhoid epidemic in Delaware, only losing two cases
out of all he attended.

The Byron Mission is first mentioned in t.S78, when Mr. De Lew,
of Lambeth, presided, and in 1882 liev. G. 15. Sage was pastor. The
church, how(!ver, is almost contemporary with settlement.

The new Methodist Church at Byron, erected in 1884-5, was
built by contractor Woodhull for the society, Robert Summers being
a member of the building committee. The house is constructed of
brick, and a very fair house for the old village : was opened in Novem-
ber, 188"). This was the first Methodist building at this point, the
society hitherto attending the old English Church, which was open to
all bodies until its dedication in 1882 or 18fs3. This action of the
English Church led to their co-religionists at Hyde I'ark ceasing to
hold services in the Methodist Church there, and ultimately to the
building of a new house.

F. H, Kenney's mill, one of the early industries of Byron, was
said to have sustained damages by the erection of the dam liy the
water commissioners. The matter was placed ia the hands of arbi-
trators in March, 1880, when one of the witnesses, Allan liogue, stated
that he patronized this mill for forty years, the same which Burleigh
Hunt built in 1833 or 1834. The population of Byron in 1888 was
175. Kobert Sadlier wa.s postmaster. Mrs. Harrington kept a general
store; J. K. Montague a grocery; li. Heron and W. Merriam were
blacksmiths ; James Fortner, hotel-keeper ; Henry Martin, shoemaker ;
J. B. Wells, carpenter ; William Griffith's woollen mill and S. & R.
Sisson's saw-mill were the only manufacturing industries.

Lambeth, formerly called " The Junction " and Westminster, was
settled in 1809 or 1810. It is claimed by David Patrick that his
father, Abram, built the first log-house 8,t Lambeth, and was the first
settler there. John Patrick, a brother, agrees with him, while Abrara,
another brother, states that Schram and Dingman were there. Poole
settled at Lambeth about 1810, and in 1822 came JoK i Routledge and
his son, William, who settled on Lot 72, North Talbot road, where he
died in 182(). His death being caused by falling olf a fence.

In 1850, Rev. St. George Caulfield, of St. Thomas, was appointed
to the mission of Westminster. About 1859 a temperance meeting
was held within the church (a stone building) for the use of which the

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 579

teiniuMuiioo men paiil oiio dollar a month rent. Some one complained
that they were destroyinj,' the huildinj^; but Mr. Cuulfield, who wa.s
sent to rejiort, could not nj^iee with tlu; rumor.

Trinity or I^amheth Church was ])re.sidi!d over in 1858-9 by liev,
T. llu«,'lu!s; in i.Si.O, by M. S. Haldwiu ; in LSI) 1-2, by A. Potts, who
had char;,'e of this and Hall's Mills; in IHO"), E. E. Newman was
ap])ointe(i ; in 1S78, W. H. Halpin attended here as well a,s at Glan-
worth; 1H79, liev. L. De Lew was pa.stor; in 1880, llev. K. Fletcher;
and G. B. Sage in 188J. Abram Patrick, sr., donated the Methodist
(Jhurch lands at Lambiith many years a;«o.

The bible ('Inistian Church at Lambeth was established in lS72-.'i,
with Itev. T. Greene, pastor, and he with llev. T. Broad were here iu
1874, and in 1875 Kev. Whitlock, of London, assisted Mr. Greene, the
former being alone in 187<>-8. In 1879, Uev. T. Mason was appointed,
and was succeedeil in 1881 l)y liev. J. (}. Yealland, who continuod to
preside until the Methodist Union.

John Heard & Son's caiTiage and waggon shops at Lambeth were
burned in November, 1877, entailing a loss of SIO.OOO, on which there
was no insurance.

The village in 18r)7 contained :550 inhabitants. John Chalmers
was postmaster; George Kelly, William McCracken and Charles Laird,
merchants ; W. Croker and W. Sanagan, tailors ; Wm. P^agleton and
James Keynolds, inn-keepers; J. liouglass, blacksmith; W. & J.
Hall, carpenters; J. McConnell, cooper; J. Lackie, shoemaker; A.
Fergu.son, cabinet-maker ; and W. II. Lancaster, bailifl'. Lambeth in
1888 had a jiopulation of 270. George Kelloy was postmaster, and
he with A. J. G. Henderson and L. M. Vandermade were geneml
merchants; William Collins, hotel proprietor; A. King and J. G.
Mauston, carpenters ; Thomas Hall anil P. Ransom, saw-mill owners ;
Wm. Burch, cheese manufacturer; J. McLellan and George Ilout-
ledge, physicians ; A. Banantyue and D. Mann, blacksmiths ; George
Heard, waggon-maker.

Hall Mills, or Westminster, claimed a store, a distillery, grist-mill,
tannery, cloth- factory and carding macliine, in 1850. The distillery
was operated prior to this by liobert Summers. It was built by Cy.
Hall about the time of the Itebellion ; he also built the tannery
operated later by James McDowell and Taylor, the husband of one of
the Allen girls. Puller S. Simonds erected the carding machine.
Jonathan Sissons last and peg-factory was also established here. The
English Church was presided over in 1861-2 by Mr. Potts. Among
the members were : — The Lees, Youngs, Martins, Lackeys, Appletons,
Harpers, Booths, Summers, Stephens, and others ; in 1880, liev. R.
Fletcher is named as pastor.

Pond Mills. — Thomas Baty settled on the 9th Concession of Lon-
don Township in 1820. Robert Telfer also came here the same year.
Baty purchased the Pond Mills in 18.'30, and operated it for many
years. It is said that during years of shortage or depression, ho kept

580 HISTORY OF THE

flour for the suffering people to whom b: sold on credit, while sending
the moneyed men to some other mill. ack Hart is a witness of this
liberality of the miller. Adam Murray taught school at Pond Mills
years ago. Among his pupils was James Armstrong, with two others
who liavo served in I'arliament

In Jime, ISlio, a large lodge of Good Temjilars was organized here
by S. T. Hammond, V. D , I. 0. G. T., and S. Allen, D.G. W. ('. T.
Pioneer Temple was the name €adoi)ted, and tlie ofiicers chosen were : —
Jas. Armstrong, 1). Jackson, J. L. Lyman, Robert Beatlie, Thomas
Fleming, William Shannon, Sister Martha liarclay, John Grieve, Elliot
Grieve, Elizabeth Nicklin, Andrew Beattie, jr., Andrew Beattie, sr.,
Thomas Grieve. In 1882 a post-office was established here, with W.
Auger, master.

Glanworth in 1888 had a population of IfiO. John Turnbull was
postmaster, and he with Joshua Kendree were general merchants.
John Dromgole kept hotel ; G. W. Doan was harness-maker ; J, A.
Glenn, lumber dealer; A. Scott, carriage- builder ; A. Taylor, black-
smith ; D. W. Turner, deal n" in agricultural implements ; and Henry
Wall and Glanworth Chei'se Co., manufacturers of cheese. John
Coughlin, an extensive stock-grower and dealer, is classed with the
business men of the village, llichard loose's clearing, the first on the
Sth Concession, was made in 18o4, between Belmont and north Talbot
road ; while his son Richard and Arch. Carr surveyed and blazed tlie
road from Glanworth to London, and from Glanworth to St. Thomas.
He and Leonard Lewis killed a black bear there weighing 300 pounds.
The pioneer died in 1851. His son served against the Patriots, and
took two prisoners near St. Thomas. Minchin Jackson settled in
Westminster in the thirties, where he was one of the founders of the
Church of England. He was instrumental in securing the railroad
depot for Glanworth.

Mary Watson, an eccentric, educated English sjiinster, who was an
early settler of Westminster, (in 18:-»9) donated twelve acres for Church
of England purposes in the township, and was one of the founders of
Christ Church there in 1844. She returned to England, and went
thence to New Zealand, where she died. Her niece, Miss Watson,
married Captain Kenny, of the old London garrison. Christ Church,
Glanworth, appears in the records of 1869, with Rev. I. Brock, rector,
who also was connected with St. John's Church and Huron College, of
London City. In 1871, Rev. W. H. Halpin attended this church;
in 1873, W. B. Rally; in 1876, Rev, W. H. Halpin; in 1880, Rev. R.
Fletcher ; in 1883, Rev. S. L. Smith.

Glanworth Presbyterian Church of St. Andrew, one and three-
quarter miles east of the village, was erected in the fall of 1888 by W.
F. Fawcett, just east of the old building. The architect was Mr.
Durand, of London. The contract price was $7,000. " Jehovah Jireh "
appears in raised letters on the east side of the tower.

Westminster Grange was organized at Glanworth, March 4, 1874.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

581

with the followino-named officers : — Win. M. Beatty, master ; A.
Niclioll, overseer; llciiry Aiitlerson, lecturer; N. Ciirnitliers, steward;
J. McCall, assistant-steward ; F. Anderson, cluiplain ; J. Kerr, treas-
urer; J. ElHot, secretary; P. MaeMillan, gate-keeper; ]\r. ('. Thomp-
son, Ceres ; Miss M. Anderson, Flora; Miss I. Anderson, Pomona;
Miss J. Kerr, assistant-steward. There were then but one other
Grange in Ontario. In (^)nel)ec there were nine Granges, and it is
estimated that throughout the States the number reached 12,000.

The North Westminster Presbyterian congregation was organized
in 1854, and a log building erected, which gave place to a frame, antl
in 1880 to a brick structure. Among the members were : — ten Nichols,
eight Elliotts, four Grieves, six Beatties, two Batys, four Raes, two
Thompsons, nine Flemings, two Armstrongs, two Scotts, with Farris,
Dodd, Stewart, Kose, Wilson, Ireland, Gowanlock, Bell, and others,
aggregfiting sixty-nine raeml:)ers.

The new Presbyterian church of AVilton Grove, Westminster
Township, was opened November l-l, 1880, The building committee
comprised : — E. Grieve, R. Beattie, D. Scott, W. Fleming, .1. Arm-
strong, W. Hay, Alex. Begg, W^ Beatty, J. Law.son, with A. Nichol, of
the finance committee. Kev. W^ni. Inglis, who in 18(50 was calleil as
first pastor of the old church, was pre.sent. The total cost of building
was $4,400. Tracy & Durand were architects, and Allan King, builder.

Derwcnt claimed in 1888 a population of forty. George .left'rey
was postmaster; J. JenVey, merchant ; H. McCallum and E. Water-
land, blacksmiths, and G. II. Maiming, butcher.

Maple Grove in 1888 had a population of seventy-five. Thomas
Langford was postmaster, Mrs. Ashworth carried on a general store
and Thomas Bunn a blacksmith's shop.

GUndale post office was established in April, 1(S(S2.

Muffuire post-oHice was established in April, 1882.

Accidents. — John Lee, an old settler of St. Thomas, who moved to
Westninster, was killed on the railroad in 1857. His widow died in
1868.

Minnie Leonard was burned to death in Westminster in December,
18()7.

Alex. Kerr, a resident of Westminster for thirty years, died in July,
1868. This old settler had just started to visit his son's house, when
the horses ran away. He was cast out of the M'agon, the wheels of
which were drawn across his heart.

In August, 1809, a Mr. Sedgraan and son, of Westminster, and
Albert Pannell, wife and child, of Strathroy, were drowned in the St
Clair, oil' Port Huron ; also a Mr. Sedgraan, of Fort Gratiot, and a Mrs.
Wilson.

W^alter Bodington, an English emigrant, shot liimself at Lambeth,
December 25, 1885.

Thomas Pargater, an old resident of Westminster, was killed by a
falling tree in December, 1887.

582 HISTORY OF THE

CHAPTER XXXIII.

LONDON SOUTH.

London South, although a distinct municipality, has been referred
to often in the general history of the county, as well as in that of the
city and of Westminster. Its organization, with the names of repre-
sentatives in the county council, is given in the i)ages devoted to the
transactions of that council.

The town is simply a suburb of the city, where many of the best
citizens reside, among the number: — Col. Leys, John Beattie, Henry
Taylor, John Marshall, Dr. Piper, Rev. Evans Davis, John McClary,
Rev. James Ballantyne, Mrs. John Birrell, Chas. A. Case, E. Jones
Parke, Hon. David Mills, Thomas Churcher, Wm. J. Clarke, E. N.
Curry, T. G. Davey, Judge Davis, Charles Hutchinson, Charles
Elliott, Henry M. Elliott, John Fairgrieve, Alexander Ferguson, Major
Gartshore, Wm. Gerry, (,!has. F. Goodhue, Wallace Halle, Col. Hesketh,
Wm. R. Hobbs, Wm. Horton, C. B. Hunt, C. S. Hyman, L. Ingram,
M. J. Kent, Rev. A. Langford, Chas. H. Fewings, Thomas McCormick,
Daniel Mactie, John R. Minhinnick, A. S. Muiray, John Pope, Mrs.
Teale, -Mrs. Simpson Smith, Wm. Tliomas, Geo. T. Trebilcock, George
White, Charles Richardson, Levi Lewis and A. Gauld. The homes
may be said to be all comfortable, while many of the persons named
aljove have elegant residences here. The work of building has been
carried on through the past year, the houses of Donald Ferguson, W.
Gerry, John Fox, Peter McGill, W. Covet, C. H. Fewing.s, James
Williams and James Hatfield being two-story brick buildings. Wm.
Chapman and D. MacAlpine had their brick cottages erected last year,
while a number of frame cottages have been constructed.

St. James's, Westminister, appears on the records of 1874-5, with
Rev. E. Davis, pastor. In 1(S82 this was known as St. James's, of Lon-
don South. In 1873 a modest brick building was erected for the pur-
poses of worship, wherein Reverends Smythe or Innes would preside.
A large brick edifice has taken the place of the pioneer church build-
ing, but the latter is still used for Sunday school purposes.

The immber of Bajitist families resident in the beautiful suburb of
London South having been steadily increasing, preliminary steps were
taken, which resulted in the formal organization of the congregation at
a meeting held April 6, 1888 ; Rev. A. H. Munroe of St. Thomas,
ofliciating as moderator. On the evening of that day the inaugural
service was held. Among those taking part were : — Rev. Mr. Mun-
roe, Rev. W. H. Porter, Rev. T. T. Trotter (of Woodstock), Rev. Alex.
Grant, Rev. T. .Tohnston, and Rev. Jas. Ballantyne, pastor of Knox
Presbyterian Church. Since that time services have been held in

COUNTY OK MIDULESKX.

583

the building occupied V)y the Bible Christi.an congregation prior to
the union ot' the Methodist churciies in 1S84. Latterly it has been
used by the Knox Presbyterian Church jieople for a Sunday school-
room. Rev. W. J. McKay, B. A., of McMaster Hall, Toronto, has
been selected as pastor of the new Baptist church. At the present
writing the congregiition numbers about 175. In the general history
of the Baptist Church many of the early names connected tlierewith
will be found, particulaly during the pastorate of Mr. Sloot.

The Methodist Churcli, situated on the corner of Askiu and
Theresa streets, was a branch of the old parent tree on North street of
this city, beginning in charge of Kev. Dr. Freshman, a converted Jew.
Services were first held in the public school building, and in January,
187;"), a frame structure, the nucleus of the Sunday-school building,
was erected. The deed of tlie lot is dated October 24, 1874. In con-
sequence of a deplorable accident, Rev. Dr. Freshman did not live to
see the incejition of the pastorate in the structure then being raised.
He was thrown backward from a carriage in which he was seated by
the sudden starting of the horse and sustained injuries from which he
shortly afterwards died at his home on Talbot street in the city. The
foundation of the membership in the new church was the result of a
gracious revival conducted by the Rev. Wm. Chapman, of this citj'.
For a time the church was supplied from Queen's avenue, but by the
zealous exertions of Wesleyan and New Connexion Methodists in
in the suburb, liberally aided by members of Queen's Avenue (Jhurcli,
a regular pastor, Rev. .labez Edmunds, now connected with the Churcli
of England, was secured in 187*). He was succeeded by Kev. F. H.
Sanderson, under whose ministry the edifice became too small, and
was enlarged at a cost of about IJoOO. Next came Rev. Mr. McCullough,
who had pastoral charge for about nine months, when he was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. Thomas Colling, now of Simcoe. He remained
for three years.

By this time the congi'egation began to outgrow altogether the
frame structure, and the present brick edifice was resolved upon, and
on August 10, 1880, the corner-stone was laid, Mr. John Mason
wielding the trowel. Rev, Dr. Sanderson, then chairman of the
district, was present, and took the leading part in the ceremonial.
Among other clergymen present were the Rev. Messrs. J. Rhilp, J. S.
Ross, B. B. Keefer, D. Savage, J. Rollins, T. Colling (pastor), and R. E.
Tui)per. The edifice was opened for public worship on Friday, Febru-
ary 11, 1881, Rev, Dr. Sanderson opening the service. Rev. Dr. Potts
preaching, and Rev. Mauley Benson delivering an address ; Rev. Mr.
Colling assisted in the service. The succeeding pastor was Rev. Geo.
Brown, who remained two years, before the close of which period a
large addition to the school-room (the old church) became necessary, in
order to provide accommodation consequent upon the coming in of the
Bible Christian congregation and Sunday school, as a result of the
Methodist Union, At the expiration of two years, Rev. R, J, Tro

584

HISTOUY OK THE

leaven, previously in the Queen's Avenue Cliurcli, was stiiUoncd in
London South, and continued for three years, when he was stationed
at Chatham. During his ])astorate galleries were jilaced in the church,
a new pipe organ placed in position, and other improvements made.
In June, 18.S7, the present worthy pastor, the Kov. Alex. Langford, of
Winnipeg, and a fomier president of the Loudon Conference, was
appointed, a? .1 under his ministration the cause is enjoying large
prosperity. Last winter the Sunday school was .igain enlarged and
improved, it being now, in many resj)ects, a model. Including the
parsonage, the Loudon South Methodist Church property is valued at
!|24,000. The office of recording steward is filled by A. Westman.

In 1879, London South Circuit of the JJible Christian Church was
established, with IJev. W. Eollins in charge. In 1S81, He v. A. C.
Courtice was appointed, and, in 188:!, T. W. Blatchford, who served
until the Union of Methodist Churches.

Knox Church was organized and services begun in connection with
it in September, LS84. The names of the original members are : —
Mr. and Mrs. A. Gauld, Mr. and Mrs. K. N. Curry, Mr. and Mrs.
Johnston Brown, Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Sutherland, Miss E. J. Suther-
land, William Morris, Charles Morton, Mrs. Charles Alorton, Miss H
W. Morton, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Elliott, Miss ]\Iinnie Moore. Mr. and
Mrs. A. Riddell, ^Irs, .Ino. Tytler, Miss Jessie Tytler, J. II. Hamilton,
Mrs. J. Malcolm, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Scott, Alex. McQueen, Mrs. li.
J. Blackwell, Mr. and ]Mrs. Jno. Fairgrieve, Mr. and Mrs. Ilobt. Cowan,
Geo. Shaw. Mrs. M. (5. Westlaud, Miss E. M. Westland, Mi.ss Lillian
Westlaud, Miss H. V. Westland, Mrs. E. H. Sammons, !Mrs. F. B.
Leys, Mis. D. JMacfie, Mrs. K. Hamilton, Miss Mary Milne. The
officera of the church are liev. James Ballantyne, B. A., jjastor.
Elders — A. Gauld, C. H. Elliott and Charles Morton. Board of man-
agers comprises D, Macfie, chairman; James Stewart, sec.treas. ;
Jno. Macpherson, .Jno. Ferguson. Jno. Marshall, W. H. Weston, 1'. J.
McGill and And. Dick. Superintendentof Sabbath School — Alexaiulcr
McQueen; secretary, J. Stewart; librarian, W. Morris, jr. The
Wo'nen's Missionary Society is presided over by Mrs. Ballantyne ;
Vice-presidents, Mrs. Schoolin and Mrs. Gauld ; secretary, Miss
McKenzie ; treasurer, Miss Kossiter. The main church building was
erected in 1884, and the Sabbath School in 1888, at a total cost of
$17,000. From its inception the congregation has been self-sustaining.
The contributions for all purposes have amounted each year to ui)-
wards of $40 per family.

Sciioola. — London South is provided with excellent schools, which
are, in fact, combined public and high schools, doing successfully all
the work from the primary class Uj the preparation of candidates for
teachers' certificates. London South has ♦^^he honor of being one of
the very few places in Canada which practically recognizes the sur-
passing importance of excellent teaching in the primary classes. All
the assistants in this suburb are Normal-trained second-class teachers.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

585

rec'ivuig equal salary It would not be considered a promotion by a
teacher to be clianj^ed frou, a First Book to a Tliird Book class. A
successful Knidergarte]! school is carried 0,1 in connection with the
London .South system which is a part of East Middlesex, under the
inspectorate of Mr. John Dearness, whose j.redecessor was Mr E
<.roat In former times, schools in that district were under the super-
>nteijdei|ce for awhile of Eev. .Tames Simpson, and at another period
ot Mr. James Armstron;,', now M. V.

Tnn?" J"".'""; .r'U^^ /■''["'"" Township forms a circuit, known as
London bouth of the Methodist Cin.rch of Ca.uula. It was formerly
a Wesleyan Society. In 1S74, Benjamin Sherlock was ai,pointed
pastor, and served until 1876. In 1877-U, Thomas and A. C C^ws
were nunisters; but in 1879, Geo. Lounds succeeded A. C. Crews
M?^Sf'•f'1'h^V"u"''"^^'^^^'"'"'^■'^^••^I««'•« ^ere appointed to
^ T ^J^" I'^I^^'t'' ''''' -^ '"''''"^'^''•■^' increased in 1880 to
fl fi! 1 r. ' ^?^',"'»' "*" '^'■''''' ^"'^ 'J- ^- Hockev were minis-

ters, the latter succeeded in 1,S82 by F. A Cassidy in 1883 bv
Wra. Morton, Arva, W. (Jassidy still assisting. In 1884 Heber' W
Crews took Mr. Cassidy's j.lacJ. '

586 HISTOUY OF THE

CHAPTEK XXX IV.

EAST WILLIAMS.

East Williams is bounded south by Adelaide, south-east by Lobo,
north by McGillivvay, east by London, and west by West Williams.
The township is watered by the Aux Saubles, which runs in a zig-zag
course from Ailsa Craig, in the north ea,st, to the hamlet of Spring-
bank, in the south-west. Numerous feeders of this river are found
everywhere in the eastern and south-eastern sections. The soil of the
township is excellent, and several farm houses portray die taste and
thrift of the inhabitants.

The days of large game passed away long before the pioneers, but
still at long intervals a bear or wolf or Indian comes to make a survey
of the old hunting grounds. In fact, there are a few Indian residents
here, who reside on or near .lohn Doyle's lands in the Wylie neigh-
borhood.

In I81S0, an eagle was killed by James Campbell, of East Wil-
liams. It measured seven feet from tip to tip of its outspread wings.

The township formed part of the domain of the Canada company,
for whom it was surveyed by Macdonald, of Goderich. In 1833 the
Highland Scotch floclced hither and soon the air of the wilderness was
filled with the pastoral shouts and songs of the Donalds — Mcintosh,
Henderson, and Eraser ; of the Jamies — Koss, ^IcPhersou, Bremner ;
and of the Hughs — McKenzie and Crawford. George Shipley was
also here, and all with their families opened the drama of settlement
here in 1833. Donald Mcintosh, as agent of the Canada company,
established the village of Nairn and built the mills at that point. lloads
were opened by the company, and other steps taken to insure the sale
of lands in this portion of their territory. Donald Mcintosh settled in
Williams Township in 1831 as agent of the Canada company. He
built the first grist and saw-mills in that section at Nairn, the same
which was running in modern times. His death occurred in 1863.
Alex. S, Stuart, who came about 1832 or 1833, died at Carlisle, in
September, 1886. John Stewart, who with his parents settled here in
1832, died in 1884. Mrs. Dougald Moore, who died at Strathroy
October 30, 1878, was a daughter' of Donald Henderson of East Wil-
liams, who came to Canada from Scotland in 1832. The Ross family
referred to in the general history, is one of the oldest in the township;
while one of the family is a member of the Dominion Cabinet.

David Cluness, who came from Scotland in 1833 and settled in
East Williams, died in July, 1875. John Levie came with his parents
from Scotland in 1834, and settled in East Williams at a time
when not more than fifty acres were cleared in the whole township.

COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX. 587

His neighbors were Donald McTiitosh, Captain Hugh Mcintosh,
"the great loyalist," the Andersons, Canijibells, Petty Streets, A, D.
Stewart, the McQuillicans, McNeils, .iiid Squire Cluness. In 1876 he
contested the seat in Parliament with Colin Scatcherd ; but, being a
Liberal-Conservative, was defeated. Wni. Fraser, who died in 1856,
and his wife, Janet McLean, who died in March, ]<SiS7, settled in East
Williams in l<S;-i8. IJubert Summers, who settled on Lot L'O, East
Williams, in 1837, on the Lobo line, jtut up the first frame barn ever
erected there. The second barn he erected foi George Shipley. The
oak and rock elm were hewed for the frame, while the beech boards
were sawn by Jeremiah llobinson, where Duncriefs mill now is. Of
course, there were saw-mills west of East Williams before Mcintosh
built his saw or grist-mill, and some years before Siddall or Shipley
built theirs. On Lot 20, Itobert Summers was almost killed by a
falling tree on ^laich 15, ISltS. David 11. Craig was born at Ailsa
Craig in 1844. Ale.x. B. McDonald came from Scotland to East
Williams in 184S, and settled on Concession 12. He died April 14,
1888. Neil Mclviimon, who came from Scotland in 1848 and settled
with his ])eople on the 14th Concession, died in April, 1888. William
Halbert, of Ailsa Craig, died .July <S, 18S(). He ruigrated to the United
States in 1825, and fifteen years hiUiv moved hither.

Betty Singular, who lived with her son in East Williams in 1876,
then aged 98 years, settled there in 1851). Eliza1)eth, widow of Archi-
bald McLeish, was a resident here in 187*), then aged 8;>, while Ilobert
Thompson, another resident, was in his 8;!rd year.

The leading old residents of East Williams who were in the town-
ship in 1880 are named as follows :— TratVord Campbell, 1847; James
Campbell, 184G ; John Dingman, 18o3; Donald McNaughton, 1834;
A. K. Eraser, 1836; Dugald Eraser, 1844; Duncan Graham, 1846;
Joseph Ha.skett, LSlU; John Levie, 1834; John Leitch, 1843; Neil
McTaggaii, 1831 ; William McInto.sh, 1832; Hugh McDonald, 1840;
David McKenzie, 183G; John L. ^IcKenzie, 1831; Malcolm Mc-
Intyre, 1835; Wm. Menzies, 1844; John Moore, 1846; John Milli-
ken, 1848; James B, McDonald, 1838; A. J. Koss, 1833; Donald
Ross, 1832; Thomas Shipley, 1848; Duncan Stewart, 1844; Donald
C. Stewart, 1833; John Stewart, 1845; J. S. Scale, 1844; I). J.
Thomas, 1840.

In 1842 the original township of Williams was organized, as relat-
ed in the history of West Williams.

East Williams was organized in 1860, with Wm. Wells, Neil Mc-
Taggart, James McArthur, Donald W\aters and Alexander Henderson,
councillors. David Wylie was appointed auditor and Colin McKenzie,
clerk, in 1862, Messrs. Tapping, Campbell, Levie, Stewart, Waters
and McLeod formed tl. Council, and on February 20, David Wylie,
the present clerk, was ai linted to that oflice ; David M. lio.ss, collec-
tor, and Paul Austin, . ,suer of licenses. The Council of 1888 com-
prised: — Trattbrd Campbell, reeve; James McFarlane, deputy- reeve ;

588 HISTORY OF THK

Thomas Wyatt, John Leslie mid Ridiurd \V. Twoddle, comicillors ;
Wni. McCalhim assessor; Jolui Duncan and Andrew J. Ross, audi-
tors; and Diigald Campbell, treasurer.

Churches. — The Methodist Church of this township dates back in
the forties, but not until liS65 did Methodism take organized shape
here. Delancey's Wesleyan class of 1 865 comprised : — The Joneses,
Taylors, Hagermans, Iteises, Delanceys, IJlisses, Fikes, I'ayntons,
Smiths, Hunsickers, and Armstrongs

The members of the Wesleyan Church of the IDth Concession in
1860, were : — The Turners, I'eswithericks, Keeders, Youngs, Towles,
Baynhams, Mawsons, Johnstons, I'axtons, and A|)jiletons.

Among the members at Ailsa Craig in 1867 were : — W. K. Atkin-
son and wife, the Merritt and Scafe familitis, Joseph Eevington and
wife, Sarah Harcuss, Mary LongstatV, Duncan McAlpine and wife,
James and Samh Kerr, ]\Irs. Miliill. Catherine SholV, Jane Stonehouse
Sol. Casler and wife, John Topping and wife, Itobin't and Margaret
Armstrong, John Atkinson, Hector S. Munroe and wife, Mrs. Prangley,
William and Elizabeth Smith, Margaret Murray, Eliza Levie, Mrs,
Evans, Ellen Jones, John Itanton, (}(!0. AVallace, William Diamond,
Eobert and Elijah Sherburne, Nathan Biittrick and P. McDermid.
In 1868 a number were i^'ceivcd into the Church here.

The Wesleyans of Mars Hill in 1866 were the Lees, Dickhouts,
Garbuts, Mc]\Iurtrys, Brightons, ( "orbetts, Hodgins, Loyds, Arcoats,
George and Thomas Brown, Dixons, Watsons, Pierces, Kichardsons,
Rumolers, Cravens, Smiths, Lightfools, Portes, I\Iahons, Glens and
Martins. The Methodist Church of Canada at Ailsa Craig is a con-
tinuation of the Wesleyan Society of 1873. R. W. Williams was
pastor in 1874 ; Geo. Jackson, in 1870-7 ; John Ridley, 1878-80 ;
John Turner, 1881-;!; ])avid Rogers, 1884, who remained until suc-
ceeded by Rev. John Hough in 1887. The church was built by John
Scafe, contractor, who with J. M. Remington, Aaron Marritt, Andrew
Robinson, Daviil KiMuiedy, James Watson and W. K. Atkinson, form
the Bijard of Trustees.

St. Andrew's Presbyterian congregation of East Williams under-
took the work of building a frame house of worship on land donated
by Angus Stewart, adjoining the glebe lands, in May, 187-. In 1871
a similar building was erected in another ])art of Rev. R. Chambers's
iield, which was dedicated Oct. 29, 1871 ; and in 1872 a new
building took the place of the old one on the Andrew Ross farm. The
Presbyterian Church at Nairn was detached from Ailsa Craig in 1877.
Rev. Lachlan McPherson, who for thirty-.seven years was i)astor of the
McPhersou Presbyterian Church of East Williams, died in March,
1886.

After the destruction of the Presbyterian Church at Nairn by
lightning, June 11, 1880, Rev. John Wells, the pastor, called a meet-
ing to consider the question of rebuilding. At this time, June 21,
1880, Jas. Mc Arthur, John S. McEwen, Colin Stewart, Peter Stewart,

COUNTY OP MIDDLESKX.

580

David Fraser, David Sutlieiland, Hugh Henderson and Tmflord Camp-
bell were apjKjinted a building committee. On March 0, 1881, the
house was finished and opened.

The oldest record in j)osses3ion of the clerk of the Presbyterian
Church of Ailsa Craig dates back to Jjinuary 18, 1871. Rev. John
Itennie presided, with liobert Calderwood, secretary. Mr. Eennie also
prcached at Nairn ; and among the ollicial members of the two churches
at this time were : — Alex. Hotson, Henry Spence. Arch. Bell, II. David-
son, J. Livingstone, John Morton, li. Lorimer, Wm. Mcintosh, VVm.
Shipley, David Craig, A. Henderson and A. 1). Stewart. At this time
Shipley and Craig oflered lots for a building site, and the latter's otter
of Lot No. 40 was accepted. rre))arations were at once made for
building, and the name Presbyterian Church of Ailsa Craig adopted.
Pending the erection of this house, services were held in the Methodist
Church.

In 1876, John McKay was secretary, but H. Gilchrist filled that
position, and the question of building a manse was considered. In
1875, Dr. Gunn, and, in 1878, Dr. Anderson, came to the village, both
being members, and the latter has served as secretary since 1881.
Ilev. John llennie continued to preside over the churches of Carlisle
and Ailsa Craig up to May, 1888, when he moved to Sault Ste. Marie.

The enrolled membership of Ailsa Craig is 166, while at Carlisle the
number approximates 100.

The English Church Mission at Nairn in 1861 claimed, among
others, the following members: — John Dimond, Alex. McDonald,
Donald McLeod, D. Fraser and W. Glass.

Trinity Church, Ailsa Craig, dates back as a separate mission to
1871, when Rev. W. Davi.",, who came in 1869, presided over the con-
gregation here ; also at St. Mary's and Christ Church, McGillivray,
and at Ryan's school-house. During his administration the three
churches were built. Rev. F. Ryan was pastor in 187o ; Rev. C. J.
Green, in 1874-5; Rev. J. Holmes, in 1877; Rev. W. Johnson, 1878.
Rev. \V. M. Shore is the present rector.

The East Williams Mutvuil Fire Insurance Company was organized
July 26, 1875. On that day the following-named officers were
appointed: — J. Levie, Jas. McArthur, W. J. Anderson, .1. Hord, J.
Premner, R. Cowie, T. G. Shipley, W. Ross, A. R. Fraser, and D. Jones.
Of these the first three were resj)ectively president, vice-president, <and
secretary ; John Duncan, Treasurer.

At the first annual meeting of the East Williams Insurance Com-
pany, February, 1876, John Levie was elected jiresident ; James Mc-
Arthur, vice-president; T. Shii)ley, R. Cowie, Hugh McLachlan, A.
Campbell, A. C. Stewart, W. Fraser, A. Fraser, and A. Bass, directors ;
W. J. Anderson was appointed secretary, and John Duncan, treasurer.

Springbaiik mid neighborhood claimed, in 1881), a population of
fifty. Daniel Moore w.is postnia.ster and general merchant ; S. Singu-
lar, blacksmith ; and James McLean, proprietor of the saw-mill.

S90 HISTORY OF THE

Falkirk claimed, in 1888, a ii()i)ul;ition of 222. A. E. (Jardon was
postmaster and Rcnoral merchant; Jo,so])h Ha.skett, liotol-kceper; John
Kelly, harness-maker ; and Cleorj^e Uiuuble, \va;,'f^(in-l)uilder.

i\airn in 1.S.S8 claimed 125 inhabitants. Malconi Mclntyre was
jiostmaster and merchant ; Mrs. t'armicliaid, hotel i)ro])rietor ; Donald
and Robert Mcintosh, brick and tile-manufciclurers ; David McKon/ie,
proprietor of saw-mill ; and John Parsons, of the Nairn flonrin<,'-mill.
In the fall of this year D. F. Stewart oi)ened the new cemetery.
Archibald Bell, one of Lobo's pioneers, and for many years ])ostmastcr
at Nairn, died at Strathroy in December, 1887. In 1857 the popnla-
tion was over 200, while the business circle claimed the following
representatives :— James Bradley, cooper; Robert lirown, bricklayer;
\Vm. Brown, circulating library ; James Camiibell, iiin-keei)er ; Allen
Carmichael, inn-keei)cr and stage proprietor; Hugh Clark, house car-
penter; David Cluness, J. r. ; Roderick Davidson, blacksmith ; John
Dimond, tanner and proprietor of the Nairn mills ; Peter Dnidoj),
general store ; Valoros Foster, millwright; Mrs. James Forbes, dress-
maker ; David Fraser, brick-yard; Donald Fraser, builder; Hugh
Fraser, blacksmith; Simon Fraser, farmer; W. C.S. Fraser, carpenter;
John Gilchrist, saw-mill ; Matthew Glass, waggon-maker ; James Har-
rison, saddler and harness-maker; Donald Henderson, M. 1). ; Robert
Hopkins, tinsmith ; John Livingston, waggon-maker ; Daniel Macleod,
dealer in dry goods, hardware, groceries, ))roduce, &c. ; Donald McBain,
shoemaker ; Donald McClure, tailor and clothier ; Alex. McDonald,
general dealer ; Colin McKenzie, postmaster and waggon-maker ; D.
Mclntyre, M. I). ; Donald Mcintosh; James Mcintosh, tailor ; Allen
McQuillan, .shoemaker ; Angus Munroe, carpenter ; Donald Munroe,
carpenter ; A. Ross, general store ; Donald Ross, brick-yard ; John
Scafe, contractor; Wm. Scriminger, carjjenter; Miss J. Scriminger,
dressmaker; Rev. Robert Stevenson, Church of Scotland; Mrs. J.
Stewart, grocery store; James Stewart, shoemaker; John Stirton, mil-
ler; Samuel Thomas, cabinet-maker; Robert Waugh, woollen factory.

COUNTY OF Mn»DI,E.SKX. 501

CHAPTER XXXV.

AILSA CKAIG VILLAGK.

David ( 'i'ai<^, who jiow rosidos at Toronto, sottkul in ArcOillivray,
where tho villnyo of Ailsa Craiff now stands, in iS.'if). His wife resided
there nine niontlis without meeting,' a white woman. In 185.S, ho
jdanned ( "rai^''s station ; hut anotlier office of that name existing,', the
namt! had to l)e chan<i;ed, and lie with T. Atkinson, sr., <^ave the
present name, deriving it from tho rock at the moutli of tho Clyde. In
his early settlement Ik; liad to go to Siddalsville, five miles away, to
mill. In 18;!() tho Indians camped on his land. Some state that
Mr. Lynde was the first settler of Ailsa Craig; others that Angus
Munroe was the first white man, while others maintain that David
Craig, who canie from New York, purchased lands here, returned for
his family, and, on an'iving at his now home, carried the doors for his
house from London. AVilliam S'dpley's field is now occupied hy the
south side of Main street. In ISHS, David Craig and \V. G. Shipley
offered lots there for sale. Shortly after W. K. Atkinson established
a general store. Thomas Barnes followed in the mercantile business.
Geo. I'rangley built and o]iened an hotel, now going to ruin, and Thos.
Atkinson and John II. Priestly established their grain warehouse. W.
K. Atkinson, of Queen's County, Ireland, came to Canada in 18.")0;
taught school in McGillivray in ISHS, and in 1800 went into business
at Ailsa Craig.

A traveller of ISGS, writing of the village,, says : — " This is a village
of vast importance to tho noighliorhood around for many miles, a
large amount of business being transacted daily. The railroad alone
keeps many teams in active employ, procuring wood, of which there
arc immense piles around the station. A large business is also being
done in getting out .square timber for shipment. We have thirteen
well stocked stores, two of them being medical halls ; two tailor-shops,
a tin-shop, two shoe-stores, five taverns and a cooper-shop ; to keep
all of which in active operation, there is a bakery, recently established,
which turns out bread, buns, etc., of the best quality ; and that the
masticating organs may not fail to jjorform their duty on said articles,
we have Mr. H. Kinsman, dentist, who will quickly rectify or replace
the dental organs to the entire .satisfaction of aching or toothless
humanity. For tho prevention and cure of all ills to which flesh is
heir, we have two medical gentlemen of acknowledged ability. For
the suppression of intem[)orance and the reclamation of the inebriate,
wo have a temple of the I. O. of G. T., which is rapidly increasing in
numbers and influence. For those whoso tastes are educational, we
have a literary society and reading-room. For church-going people,

.)!>-' HISTOUV OK TIIK

we liiivt' llireo soots ('.sfulili.slifKl, Baptist, Pivshytiirian and Methodist;
iiiid l'<iv di'iilcrs ill ciiltlc!, wv. liiivo our jiiuiiliily fairs. \V(! Imvu also a
pajici', tilt! Review, wliicli is well iiatnniizt'd ; also a ijood booiv-ston!."

Tile business circii! of Ailsa Craij,' in 187S-S(I claiiiiod llio following
ri'|iics('iitativu biisiiicss nicMi, \.\w datos iiidi('alin<? sottleinent in tins
county:— VV. K. Atkinson, ISGO; T. G. S. Neville, lS('i7; Joaoph
Itosser, 184.S, j^oneral nicrcliants. J. S. ("anieron, liS3!) ; lley & Jones,
liSCil; Miliell & Alexander, LSGo, yrain or jirodiicu dealers. James
Alexander, l>sr)5, foundry ; C. W. Elliott, 187"), watch-maker; Kil-
bonrne & Gray, 1X57-71, j^rocers and telej,'raph agents; Thomas Hey,
I8t.i(), drugj^ist and Dominion Telej,'raj)h aj,'ent; Thomas Jones, 1848,
"groceries and li(|Uors ; Samuel Gillies, 1873, ])lanin<? mill; John
Livin<;stone, ISo"), carriage builder; llobert Mills, 1H7(>, flax mills;
John S. McDonald, l87(i, IJailroad Exchange Hotel; A. M. Munro,
IS.".."!, Ailsa Craig Ilotel; H. C. Munro, 1850, Farmers' Hotel; Peter
Mclveith, 1855, and l{ol)ert Harrison, 1801, shoe-dealers; Thomas
Ihuwn, 1854, and Peter Overholt, 18(15, shoemakers ; McCallura,
187i;, and John McKay, 1871, tailors; VVm. O'Leary, 1850, ])ainter ;
Ji)hn Pemberton, 1850, Imilder ; E. 15. Smith, 1870, conveyancer; W.
yherwin, 1 801, furniture; Joscjih W. Stewart, 1847, teacher; 11. W.
Twiddle, 1S57, lumber dealer; Jo.sei)h Tate, 1809, builder; David J.
Craig, 184J, and Thomas Keown, 185G, drovers; James II. Andei-son,
18 , and John Gunn, 1S75, ])hy,sicians.

The po])ulation in 1888 was 725. Shackleton Hey was ]iost-
master. The business interests of the village are represented by
Guim & Grant, G. F. Arnold and J. H. McKay, general merchants ;
Thomas Hey and D. A. Stewart, druggists ; James Allen and Joseph
liosser, hardware d(!alers ; T. Brown and 1). Stevenson, l)oots and shoes ;
A. Brownley, jeweler; L. M. Gather, stationery and books; Mrs.
Coulter, J. Morgan & Co., and W. M. Shoebottom, grocers; J. W.
lieid, W. McKay and W. McAlpine, tailors; A. M. Munro, H. C.
Munro and Wm. Drought, liotel-keepers; John Bowman, butcher;
C. Melville, harness ; D. S. Macdonald, shoemaker ; T. Stevenson,
furniture ; Misses McNaughton and Overholt. dressmakers ; Peter
Overholt and A. H. Paull, bakers; M Mclntyre, 11. Kobinson, George
Shii)ley and D. F. Stewart, live stock dealers ; Owen & Co., Shipley Si,
Co., and Hey & Co., bankers. The manufacturing interests are repre-
sented by \\. (.'. Nichol's jiump-factory. Gunn & Ward's flax-mill,
Gilles & Son's saw-mill, J. Alexander's and the McDonald's carriage
factories.

In 1871 a committee was appointed to further the interests of the
village. On February 23, this committee held the first meeting, with
Dr. Harrison, presiding, and S. Hey, secretary. Dr. Henderson, T. G.
S. Neville, anci W. K. Atkinson, members, were jircsent. Their first
action related to the Tueasiu'es then being taken by the people of Park-
hill to secure a registry office, when a resolution to have such office
established here was adopted, and a communication on the subject

COUNTY OK MI 1)1)1. KSKX. 893

maili'il to Mr. Scatdionl, at Ottawa. In ^^aI•cll, 1 87 1 , a mnp of the
villuf^e WHS tlniflud by \V. Moliitosli and juosenttKl to tlii.s (,'ouncil.
At this time, G. (J. Hamilton, \V. G. Shiphiy, and J. H. Priestly, were
added to the committee. Ellorts wen! made to secure a foundry, and
plans for the fjeneral improvement of the villajie adopted. The last
record of tliis committee is dated April 1^7, 1H71 ; but in May, 1H74, a
similar body was or<,'anized.

The committee on incorporation met May G, 1874, when W. K.
Atkinson, presided, with Dr. W. T. Harri.son, .secretary. Amonjj; the
members were: — S. Hey, G. D. Arnold, H. (rilchrist, W. McInto.sh,
and Joseph Kosser. The last meetinj,' was held dune lio, when pro-
gress was rejiorted and llu! committee discharj^ed. The first village
meeting was held January 19, 187r>, when S. Hey, presided, and John
Hughs, T. G. S. Neville, H. (iilchrist, ajid \V. 11. Atkinson, councillors,
were ])re.sent. William Mcintosh was appointed clerk; \Vm. Slioff,
license inspector; C}. D. Arnold, and J. \V. Priestly, auditors. In
Marcii, the fire engines, then owned by the volunteer brigade, were
ordered to be rei)aired at i)ublic exj)ense. In May, the following
named were gi'anted S>11.37 each, being the amount contributed by
each toward the exi)enses of incorporation : — William Mcintosh, W.
T. Harrison, T. G. « Neville, S. Hey, CJeo. I). ArnoKl, (}. A. Mihell,
Jos. lJos.scr, H. Gilchrist, and W. K. Atkinson.

The Council of 1 870 comprised, W. K. Atkinson, H. Gilchrist, J.
Livingston and W. Sholf; of 1877, George D. Arnold, H.Gilchrist,
Joseph Kosser and 11. W. Tweddle; of 1878, George I). Arnold, H. (iil-
christ, W. K. Atkinson, Joseph ltos.ser and K. W. TwediUe ; of 1879,
George I). Arnold. S. Hey, J. W. Priestly and Joseph Ilo.sser ; of
1880, John S. Cameron, David H. ('raig, Wnj. Drought and Duncan
A.Stewart; of 1881, John S. Cameron, Wm. Drought, David Jones
and Duncan F. Stewart ; of 1882, -F. S. Cameron, H. Gilchri.st, D. Jones
and 1). F. Stewart; of 1883, W. Barbour, S. Hev, D. F. Stewart and
C. Walker; of 1884, G. D. Arnold, F. Atkinson, T. Keown and 0.
Walker; of 188'), J. Alexander, F. Atkinson, S. Hey and T. Keown;
of 1886, J. Alexander, F. Atkinson, G. S. McDonald and D. A.
Stewart; of 1887, James Alexander, (J. S. McDonald, S. Pride and D.
A. Stewart ; and of 1888, James Alexander, 1). Gray and William
Tweddle. E H. Smith served as clerk from 1876 to 1886, when Wm.
McKay was elected.

In 1875, Christopher Cuisick's Western Hotel, A. D. Campbell's
Kaih'oad Exchange, Hector C. Munro's Farmers' Hotel, Angus Mun-
ro's Ailsa Craig Hotel, Mrs. and Mary Coulter's Royal Hotel, were the
hotels of the village. Liquor licenses were also issued in 1875 to
Duncan Gray and Wm. H. Neville.

On December 1, 1879, the fire department by-law was sidopted.
In this document the name of Eliliu li. Smith occurs as engineer. He
was succeeded by John Alexander ; and on July 26, 1888, when the
old fire comj)any was reorganized, was succeeded by E. B. Smith,

594

HISTOllY OF THE

'^1 ; William Matheson,
D. J. Watson, 1875;

engineer ; John Alexander, assistant ; Frank Atkinson, captain of
engine company ; Wm. McKay, of hose company ; and D. H. Gilles,
of hook and ladder company ; John McKay, first-lieutenant, and Dun-
can Bell, second-lieutenant, of hose company. The membership com-
prises forty men of engine company, twelve of hose company, and
fourteen of iiook and ladder company.

Lodges. — Craig Lodge, No. 214, A. F. & A. M., G. 11. C, was
chartered July 15, 13G9. The list of past masters is as follows:— T.
llichardson, ISO!); E. A. Mumford, 1S70
1872; J. Wilson, 187:^ ; Kichard Sands, 1S74;

William K. Atkinson, 1876 ; William Barbour, 1877 ; William Mathe-
son, 1878; James R. Anderson, 187!»; L. E. Shipley, 1880; J. R.
Anderson, 1881 ; John Wells. 1882-8:t ; John H. McKay, 1884; E. B.
Smith, 1885 ; John McKay, l88(.i-87.

Saxon Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F., was instituted September 17,
1873, the charter members being W. T. Harrison, N. G. ; Frank Atkin-
son, V. G. ; S. Pride, treasurer ; C. Munro, P. S. ; Jos. llosser, K. S. ;
and J. E, Neville, L. S. N. G. The officers at present are : — Junior
past-grand, Wm. McKay; noble-grand, D. H. Gillies; vice-grand.
John Shipley ; recording secretary, Wm. McKay ; permanent secre-
tary, Jno. Alexander ; treasurer, Jos. liosser.

The A. O. U. W. Lodge was instituted June 29, 1883, by W. Long,
D. D. G. M. W., under ine jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Ontario.
There were eighteen charter members ; following are the names :—
John Gunn, M. D. ; Hector Gunn, G. S. ^McDonald, (,'. Walker, J. S.
McDonald, Jos. Eosser, G. A. Mihell, Malcolm McCallum, Rev. W.
Johnson, H. G. Anderson, J. R. Anderson, M. D., Thos. Hey, S. Hey,
J. J. Cassidy, R. Lambert, Duncan Stevenson, W. Robson and Alex.
Leitch. The present officers are: — G. A. Mihell, G. S. McDonald,
Thonms Hey, il Parker, J. S. McDonald, Jas. Rosser, D. A. Stewart,
G. W. Munroe. W. Hughes, R. H. Sands; and J. R. Anderson, Dr.
Gunn, J. S. 3IcDonald and W. Easton are trustees. The lodge owns
the building.

The W. V. T. U. ( .' Ailsa Craig was organized in February, 188G,
with thirty-eight members. The first president was Mrs. Dempsey,
with Mrs. Rogers and Mrs. Murray, vice presidents ; Miss M. McKay,
R. S. ; Mrs. G. W. Perry, C, S. ; and Mrs. Forbes, treasurer.

Mihell & Owens's tm-niiig factory at Ailsa Craig was destroyed by
fire in March, 1886. The total loss was over $4,000 ; insurance, $2]-
500.

The Ailsa Craig fire of July, 1888, destroyed Wm. Easton's flour-
ing mill and the Scafe dwelling. Prior to this George McDonald's
dwelling was destroyed.

Accidents. — The explosion of a steam sawing machine boiler at
Ailsa Craig, June 22, 18G8, resulted in the death of two whites and
two negroes, and the serious wounding of four other per.sons.

In January, 1873, an old man named Frank McKenzie was

COUNTY OF MIDDLESti;X.

595

instantly killed on the track of the Grand Trunk, about half a mile
east of Ailsa Craig, by No. 2 Express. It appears the old man was
going to see his son, who, a short time before, lost his arm while coupl-
ing cars at Ailsa Craig, and had reached the point mentioned on his
way there, when he was found horribly mutilated, the top and back
part of his head being completely crushed. His position on the track
was not discovered until too late to stop the train. It will be remem-
bered that the wife of deceased, while endeavoring to send some cloth-
ing to the injured son, was run over by the cars at Point a few days
before and instantly killed ; while another son was killed in a similar
manner about two years before. In July, 1886, James Carr, an old
resident of Ailsa Craig, and owner of the brick and tile-works there,
was drawn into the machinery and crushed to death.

Physicians. — The first resident physician at Ailsa Craig was Dr.
McKinnon, followed by Doctors AlcAlpine, Harrison, Henderson, Gunn,
Anderson and Stewart, the last-named three being the present physi-
cians of the district.

'tf^'i^'

596

HISTORY OF TlIE

CHAPTER XXXVI.

WEST WILLIAMS.

West Williams is bounded on the west by the Kivev Anx Sauble?,
dividing it from Lambton County ; soutli by Adelaide Townshij) ; east
by East Williams ; and north by McGillivray.

The Aux Saubles flows in a tortuous course across its southern
sections, taking its northward course just north of its south-western
corner. Several tributaries of the main river course through the town-
ship, affording a water supply to almost every lot. Under date July
2, 188C, the following report on a stream of this township was made to
the County Council : —

" The water course is called Seba Iliver in McGillivray, and Spring
Creek in West Williams. It leaves West Williams at Lot 20, in the
20th Concession and crosses the Town Line on the allowance for road
between it and McGillivray. At thiit jraint there is a willow marsh
from (300 feet to 800 feet wide; the bridge is 180 feet in length ; the
floor of the bridge at the lowest place is two feet and a half above the
water, as observed by the County Engineer on the 8th of .Tune, 1886.
Mr. Talbot thinks the water is never as high as the lowest elevation of
the bridge. The clear water is about 150 feet wide, and the depth from
three to seven feet. On either side there is a willow marsh. It is very
hard on the Town Line, at the site of the present bridge, to tell the direc-
tion that the water flows ; it seems to flow with tlirj wind whichever
way it may be for the time. The Grand Trunk Railroad crosses the
creek at an elevation of about twenty feet with a span of thirty feet on
Lot No. 1 in the 20th Concession of West Williams. After crossing
into McGillivray, the creek takes a north-westerly course until it
spreads and is lost in the drowned lands in the latter township, between
three and four miles from the Town Line of McCJillivray, on the side
road between Lots 20 and 21. There is a township bridge 150 feet
long ; but Mud Creek empties into the stream between the Town Line
and the lower bridge. The sources of the stream are apparently all in
the Township of West Williams."

The Aaron Arnold gas well at Sylvan was discovered September 4,
1888, by Welch and Smith. On striking the gas vein, the explosion
threw clay and rock far above the derrick, and on the gas being ignited
the flame leaped fifty feet, but was ultimately confined to a one-inch
jet, which was utilized to run the engine. Later, when pumping
commenced, a large quantity of petrolemn was found with the water.

The first meeting to organize the Township of Williams was held
January 3, 1842, when the followaig otticers were appointed, Andrew
Thompson presiding: — Donald Mcintosh, councillor; A. Tliompson,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

■■97

clerk ; W. Stewart, Gen. Shipley, Ilev. Duncfin Mc^Iillan, Dmicaii
Catnpbell and Colin McKenzie, school commissioners ; Duncan Cami)-
bell, assessor ; Peter Melville, collector ; Donald Campbell, John Fishier,
Dr.vid Cluness, wardens ; John Stewait, Wm. Moore, Donald Watson
and Donald Campbell, pound-keepers; D>i<^ald Moore, I'eter (.'nrrie,
Hugh Crawford, Duncan Stewart, John Stewart, Thomas Eyenon, 1>.
Walters, John Fisher, Ale.x. Stewart, IT. ^IcKenzie, John McKillican,
John Mcintosh, Wm. Wells, Wm. Halbert, J. McNaughton, James
Koss, John Bremner, Malcolm Cameron and Austin lioot, road over-
seers. The first action of this council was to enact that all fences
should be five feet high, and that hogs, horses and bulls should not run at
large. In 1843, all the ofticers of the former year held their positions.

In June, 184:i, £6 6s. 'M. were expended on public works. In
1844, Wm. Wells was appointed town clerk ; John McEwen, Hugh
Fraser and Fred. Harrison, wardens ; Alex. Stewart, Duncan McEwen,
John Forbes, Peter Currie and John Clark, pound-keepers. Among
the new names given in the list of road-over.seers were those of John
Levie, Roderick McKay, .Fohn Pedin, D. Bisset, Martin Dugan, Asa
Lynde, Tom Daniel, It. Webb and Duncan McFarlane. In 1845,
John Toppitig appears as warden, while John Skilf, Alexander Muiu'o,
Angus McDonald are ufimed among the new road-overseers. During
this year the wardens sold the elfects " of the late -James Dixon,"
realizing £61 139. 3d. at auction, and £1 lis. 6d. at private sale. The
list of buyers appears to cover the roll of all the settlers in the old
Township of Williams and neighborhood.

In 1846 new names appear on the list of ofliccrs, such as Donald
Gillies, Donald McNeil, John Scafo, Andrew Ross, John Cruikshank,
John Cummins, Robert Dewer, A. McLaughlin, C. Ward, Dugald Fer-
guson, D. Grame and John Cluness. In 1847 the oflicers were, in the
main, the same as in the fonner year ; but in 1848 Peter Melville was
chosen clerk ; Wni. Stewart, assessor ; and Jolin McNaughton, col-
lector. Colin McKenzie was clerk in 1849, and Robert Leslie, asses-
sor; Donald Mcintosh being still councillor. In 1851, Geo. Shipley
for Carlisle, Hugh Fraser for Inverness, David Cluness for Victoria,
John McLachlan for Bruce, and Donald Fraser for Albert Ward, wen;
elected councillors, and Peter Melville, auditor. In 1852, James Gray
replaced John iVlcLachlan. This year there were no less than fifty-two
pathmasters appointed, and five fence- viewers. In 1853, John Clark
and James Morgan were appointed license inspector. In 1854, Hugh
F'raser, D. Ross, John Levie, Lewis Mott and Donald FVaser were
elected councillors. In 1855, Donald Watters of Victoria, John
Bremner of Bruce, and Andrew Elliot of Albert, were elected coun-
cillors, and David Wylie, inspector of licenses. In 1856, Donald
Watters was chosen reeve, and Councillor Fraser, deputy ; with John
Love and Peter Melville, assessors. In 1857 mention is made of the
town hall at Nairn, and at this time also mention is made of a new
school section being granted on petition of Robert Thompson and

598

lIISTOUy OF THK

others ; ami a saloon license was granted to Walter Ross for his house
at Nairn.

The first nieetinf,' to divide the township was called on Feh. 5, 1857,
to meet at N irn, Feb 21); but on that date ('. Fraser and C. Bremner
moved that such a division was inexj)edient.

In 1857 the Council established the Nairn Fair, to be held on the
third Thursday in April each year. Councillors Toppin;^ and iiurns
were the jjroposers. At this time also an emphatic disajijjroval of the
division of the county, as requested by the people of Wardsville, was
given. In 1858 very few changes were made in the list of officials.
In 185',), James McArthur, Alex. Campbell, Alex. Levie, Konald
McTntyre and Andrew Elliott were councillors, with Colin McKenzie
clerk. In 1860 the original township was divided into Williams East
and Williams West, as related in the sketch of the former township.

The reeves and deputy-reeves of West Williams, from the date of
its organization to 1887, are named in the general chapter on the
tran.sactions of the County Council. The Council in 1878 comprised

Messrs. George II. Fair, Stewavl, John Barrett, Samuel Peck,

and Andrew Elliott. In 1879, Mr. Fair was re-elected, with Angus
McLachlan, Augustine and John McDonald, new members. The
three last named were re-elected for 1881 ; while for 1882, John
McDonald, Henry Mosure and John Patterson were chosen ; for 1883,
John James, John li. Smith and Wni. Pedlar were elected. The
councillors for 1884 were John G. James, Wm. Pedlar and Wm. Hill,
while the first and last named, with Donald Morrison, were elected for
1885. Andrew Cutler, Hugh Watson and Donald Morrison were
councilmen in 188(1 ; James Chmess, A. Cutler and Wra. Pedlar for
1887, and were re-elected in 1888.

VVest Williams dates its settlement to 1850, when Henry Saul
began farming on Con. 21 ; L. (,". and Ronald Mclntyre located their
farms on the banks of the Aux Saubles ; and Lewis Mott, and Henry
James entered their lands. In 1851, the Niblock Brothers — John,
Thomas, and Robert, arrived, and the Elliott Brothers purchased the
heavy timbered tract near what is now Parkhill. In 1852, Robert
Burns and Sanford Eastman built a mill among the pines on the sandy
tract, where Sylvan now stands. The early roads were opened by the
Canada Land Company. Thomas Elliott, one of the first settlers of
West Williams, served against the Patriots in 1837-8. Among the
old .settlers of the county, who were residents of West Williams in
1880, were:— David Brock, 1838; John Elliott, 1820; Duncan
Fletcher, 1843 ; Henry James, 1832 ; Andrew McAdam, 1843 ; A.
R. Mcintosh, 1833 ; Duncan McGregor, 1841 ; Wm. McKenzie and
Wm. O'Neil, 1837 ; James Pedden, 1846 ; John Riggs and James
Saul, 184;') ; Joseph E. Wann, 1844; and Jo.seph Zavitz, 1847.

Sylvan and neighborhood claimed sixty inhabit .nts in 1888. Mrs.
E. Dawson had charge of the post-office, and was » • ner of the general
store ; Eli Randall carried on the saw-mill, and John McLachlan the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

599

blacksmith shop. The village of 1857 was made up as follows: —
Nathan Belliiigton, shoemaker; Wilson lilanchard, farmer; George
Brown, farmer; Lewis Brush, laborer; liobert Burns, postmaster,
lumber merchant, mill-owner and councillor ; Wm. Channer, land-
owner ; John Dawson, engineer; Philip Knight, sawyer ; Robert Mc-
Alpine, storekeeper, and sash and door maker ; Reuben Proctor, lumber
merchant ; William and Samuel Randall, brickmakers ; John A. Scoon,
storekeeper ; Abraham Wismer, land-owner.

Wm. Randall, who carried the mail from Adelaide to Delaware in
1836, and from London to Sarnia fifty years ago, and for thirty-one
years carried the mail between Sylvan and other oflices in the neigh-
borhood, is still a resident of Sylvan.

The first Presbyterian Church of West Williams was organized in
1872, with the following-named members : — John Love, sr., John Gal-
braith, Hugh Watson, John McLeish, Arch. McLeish, John McCubbin,
Donald Munro, John Love, jr., John Johnstone. The elders were
John Love, sr., and Hugh Watson. The trustees were Hugh Watson,
John Love, jr., and John McCubbin. The church was built in 1855.
The subscribers were : — Donald Waters, John Galbraith, John McLeish,
Hugh Watson, John McCubbin, Donald Munro, John Love, sr., John
Love, jr. The church building cost about $900. The second church
here has always been called the " Twenty-first," because it is on the
21st Concession. The congregation was organized in 1874, with the
following members : — Donald Fraser, Arch. McLachlan, Donald Mc-
Donald, Arch, McLeish, John Galbraith, Mr. Nunday, Angus Galbraith,
Hugh Brown, and Peter White. The ciders were Donald Fraser and
Arch. McLeish. The trustees were Donald Fraser, Arch. McLeish and
Hugh Brown. The church was built in 1872, and cost $900. The
subscribers were : — Donald Fraser, Arch. McLeish, Donald McDonald,
Mr. Nunday, and Hugh Brown. Rev. John Lees is pastor of both
congi'cgations.

The Wesleyan class at Centenary, or Sylvan, comprised: — Mrs.
Aiinstrong, the Thompsons, Magladerys, Henry and Mary Runish, the
Joneses, Woodburns, Maimings and Thomas lirayton, Taylors, Hager-
mans, Metcalfes, Reises, Delaneys, Blisses, Fike, Fairless and Arm-
strongs.

The Primitive Methodist Church, two miles west of Parkhill, was
built in 1878
dist Church of Canada,

Bornish post-office was established, with John Doyle, postmaster,
in Jatniary, 1874. It appears that he had the petition for an office at
this point signed, and to him credit is given for its establishment. In
1878, Archibald McLeod, the present postmaster, was appointed. Mr.
McLeod also keeps the hotel at this point, both office and hotel being
on the East Williams side of the town line.

The Sei)arate School of Bornish was established about 1870, but
reorganized as a common school. The present school was established

The congregation has since been merged in the Metho-

600 HI.STOUY OF THE

about 1S7.">. Among the first trustees were : — Donald McDoniild, J.
G. Mc^[illall and Archibald Curry ; the f(jriner and John Doyle have
each served tlie IJoard nine years. Among others may be named L.
t'. Mclntyre and T. Kearns.

Father Kirwan visited the settlements of West and East Williams
during the decade ending in ISoB. Among the names on his records
are those of the McGregors, McPhees, Currys, McLellanils, McCor-
micks, McLeods, Neil Mclntyre, the McKinnons, the McMillans, Hugh
Morrison, John Maginnis, Angus Koss, Alex. IJ. McDonald, the Monks,
Donald McDonald, Hugh Smyth, Donald Steele and brother, Michael

and John O'Hanly, the Mclntyres, McKissac, Alex. Morrison,

Angus Morrison. Martin (Jilles, the ]\[cInto.sh families, Donald McCor-
mick, Donald O'Hanly, the Connoleys, V. Kilgallon, Laughlin Ma-
guinness, Murdock McCloud, John Doyle, Bernard Dignan, Thomas
Kearns, and later John Doyle, son of one of the pioneers of London
district. The church building of St. Columbia, Bornish, was begun in
1801, and the main building completed. During the administration of
Father Lamont the spire was constructed and the vestry erected. In
188S the building was reconstructed and painted. In January, 1887,
llev. D. A. McRae was apj)ointed the first resident priest. The con-
gregation numbers 3.S0 members.

West Williams Agricultural Society is an old society, but like
other organizations has lost (it is alleged by Mr. Shoults) its old
records, if it ever had any. William Elliott was president for a num-
ber of years, and the late John Dawson, secretary. He was succeeded
liy B. Pile, and he by it. Shoults. In 1886 the society sold the old
Fair Grounds for §-400, which sum is estimated in the receipts for that
year.

The revenue of this society in 1882 was S503.97, and in 1886,
including price of grounds and grant, $1,219.25; in 1887, $900; and
in 1888, over $l,Oi)0. J. A. Mayberry was chosen president for 1887 ;
W. H. Taylor, V. P. ; John Grieves, John Barrett, P. Stewart, Wm.
Elliott, S. Tudor, D. G. Smith, David Waters, Dr. Caw and Benjamin
Pile, directors; N. Grieves and E. F. Stephenson, auditors. W. H.
Taylor is the present president ; 1*. Stewart, V. P. ; and T. L. Kogers,
treasurer.

The Fair of October 10 and 11, 1888, was attended by over 2,000
persons. The exhibits of heavy draft horses, roots and vegetables were
.surpassingly good, while in every other department the display was
excellent. Fruit may be said to be the only thing in which there was
a defect, but the show of apples was good in quality, though not large.
The special prize for best collection, consisting of thirty-seven kinds,
was carried off by Mrs. R. Couch, West Williams. The events in the
speeding ring were all keenly contested by a number of competitors in
each class.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

601

CHAPTEK XXXVII. '

I'ARKHILL.

Parkhill is inade up of all kinds of people, boiled down to an
enterprising community by the same spirit of progress and enterprise
^vhicb first suggested the building of a tillage at this point iSa e
no church towers here with bells which tolled greatgrandfathers to
their graves; no long lines of tombs, in which lie Ihe vhtues of
ancestors knovyn only by tradition; no gray-haired friars rising up like
statues before the memory; „o grim sexton looking into some new-
made grave waiting for his inanimate company-nothing of the dead
past. Merchants and tradesmen, physicians and priests, are all modern
pushing ever onwards, building and rebuilding, always active. Above
It, Natures mighty cathedral still stands with its lofty dome of sun
moon and stars, but the pillars are not overgrown with centuried moss'
It is a modern village with great promise. Non-existent when all
around was a wilderness, it has nothing of the age, but claims all the
reality and grit of youth. ° ^"®

^ht.^'^'H'T^'i^^'^ ^'Tl'"'' ^oodsof McGillivray extended north,
while south ot and around the settlement were the maple, beech and

?nL '"• 'n 1 ' ''^\u''^ '^"^^ ^'^'^' 'P'^' ">^« '^^^^^- «nd shipped to
Indmvia QAiebec. The stave gangs (about sixty-one men, or seven
gangs) were then gathered round the village. The population in May"
1.S88. was placed by the assessor at IfiVS. "^

..Jy^'l^? dates its beginnings back to 1860. when a post-office was
established one-half mi e south-west of the railroad depot, with James
llues or Plewsm charge. In 1860. Donald McClure, later of
1 etrolea. opened the first store at Parkhill. Donald McKinnon estab-
lished his hotel near the present Powell House, and in 1863, Simon
li'J^Sfia f r^^^i McKmnon's house and made an addition thereto.
In 1864, John Noble, who was postmaster then, established a larae
store there his being the fifth house in the village. Jc m Gibbs fol
lowed in the mercantile business, and in 1865-6 the Harrison & Har-
nson brick flounng-mills were built on a bonus of $1,078 by the

of cStruction' ' '''^' "' '"' '''" "^'"''^ '"'''^'"^^ ^^'« '^ '^^^^
In 1860 the first frame residence was built for W. Hastings, just
f^^'l "^^^.^ P^«f^°t Ha^tings-where the hotel and stables were built
Zl rt « ^1 hotel was opened by Samuel Tudor, October 15, that
year The first brick business building was erected prior to 1867 on

SS" ^L^^f ^'■"g-«^«''« ^*« the first brick north of the ^il-
road about 1869 by the present owner. James Taylor's building now
occupied by Mathewson and Stephenson, followed the block erected by

■

(;oi

HISTOKT OF THE

Boyce and Ecclos, ]iart of which is now tho Royal Hotel. The Dixon
brick block, which stood on the site of John Noble's buildings, was
erected after the Fletcher frame was destroyed, and his present brick
store erected. John McNeil and John Han-ison also erected brick
buildings south of the track.

The Ontario Hall, built by Jack Whitmore late in the sixties, was
used for public meetings, etc., etc. ; then moved from Ann street to
King street, where it was destroyed by fire. Daniel Eccles, born in
Lambton County in 1841, moved to I'arkhill in 1.S71 ; built two store-
houses, which were destroyed in 1872, and in 1873 erected the Eccles
block. Nathaniel Jackson, son of William Jackson, a U. E. Loy.alist,
moved from a point north of Kingston, his original location in Canada,
to Lot 21, Centre rofid. West Williams, in LS,')!. At this time Wil-
liam and his son had to chop a road for two miles through heavy
timber to reach their new home. Large game, such as deer was ])lenti-
ful, and offered substantial food to the pioneer fixmilies. In 1872 the
fother died, and a few years later Nathaniel moved to Parkhill, where,
in 1878, he completed one of the first large brick buildings ever
erected there, known as the Victoria block, where R. C. Thompson's
building now stands. The Dickson block was completed in Jaimary,
1886, on the site of the building erected in 1883, which was destroyed
in the fire of September, 1885.

When William Clark came to Parkhill in July, 1865, Dr. (^aw's
small frame dwelling held the place where his present residence now
stands ; John Harrison's fiame, now in rear of his present residence, on
Mill street ; J. M, Gibbs had his dwelling and store where the tank
stands; W. Hastings's house, in rear of the present hotel; a laigo
frame store building, erected by Robert Phippin, on the site of Nicho-
las Phipjiin's present store, still stands in rear of store ; John Harri-
son's mill building, just west of the market house, and Wm. Elliott's
house on brickyard were the only buildings north of the railroad.
South of the track, on the east side of Main street, where now is Mc-
Leod's store, was Nelson Smith's shoemaker's shop and dwelling, a
log-building ; Alexander Raymond's blacksmith-shop and dwelling,
a frame building, was opposite. The spinster, Jane Niblock, owned a
log-house where the Tudor Hotel now stands. On King street, John
Noble's two and one half story frame building, near where is now the
post-office. They were burned about fourteen yeiirs ago. Butcher,
the liarness-nuiker, had a one-story frame building, while Henry
Streeter's tannery and dwelling stood close by. Dr. M. Taggart's new
building was erected on the site about six years ago, now Mason's car-
penter's shop. West of the tannery was Simon McLeod's store, then
kept by Archibald & Backus. The old Catholic Church was completed
some time before, south of the Powell House, on Charles McKinnon's,
land. On one corner of Westwood and King streets was Colavin's
general store, and on the other John Scoon's one-story building, used
as a drug-store and dwelling, stood, while west of that was James

COUNTV OF MIDULKSFA'.

60:{

Ross's shoemaker's-shop and dwellin<», now rented by Wm. Atniore,
while east of Ross's was Douglass's blacksmith-sbop and Scott's wag-
gon-shop. Simon McLeod's hotel stood where the Powell House is,
and C. ^IcKinnon's store was close by, while westward was Charles
Megg's hotel, both frame buildings, and both destroyed by fire about
1873.

James Parkyn's grain warehouse, a frame building, stood opposite
the Powell House. It Wixs built in 1859, but not used until the rail-
road was opened. The depot at that time stood about ten rods west of
the present depot building. Both buildings were burned in 1881 or
1882. The pioneer saw-mill of Parkhill was established on the south
side of Mill street l)y Robert Phippen, James Taylor and Robert Porte
in liS()8, giving emi)loyment to fifteen men. Tiiis building was de-
stroyed by fire in May, 18(i!l, but rebuilt at once by II. Piiijipen and
J. Taylor, and opened in August, 1860. Mr. Taylor sold his interests
to N. Phippen that year, and he with his brother carried on this mill,
with the sash and door factory, until 1874, when N. Phippen came
from Brooklin, Out., and the manufacture of furniture became a
specialty, in connection with lumber yards, mill, etc., giving employ-
ment to from thirty to fifty men up to 1880, when the collapse of the
Exchange Bank carried down this industry.

The Harrison grist mill was erected in 18Ij4, near the present
town hall. In 18G9 he rented the concern to Stei)hen Lake, wlio was
operating it when the fire of November, 1877, destroyed the buildings
and machinery. Wm. Clarke was engineer of this pioneer industry
up to within a few months of the fire. The Harrison stave-factory
was established about twenty years ago. This industry gives employ-
ment to si.\ hands the year round. In 1880, Mr. Harrison re-estab-
hshed his present flouring-mills.

James Mclnnes's grist-mill, a four-story brick building, erected in
187(i-7, was destroyed by fire in May, 1870, the pro}metor losing all,
as the insurance (about S9,000) ptissed iuto the hands of the persons
who supplied the machinery and the five-run of stones. Wm. Clarke
was engineer of this mill for the three years it was in operation.

Hugh C. Baird's foundry was established in 1879. This present
great industry, in which Oliver Baird is a partner, has made steady
])rogress, ])articularly since the purchase of the Michigan patent for the
tile and brick machine.

William liaird, who settled here in May, 18(i5, and built a shop
for the manufacture of pumps that year next north of Dr. Cain's house,
adjoining the present R. Porte's store, has carried on tiie business down
to the present time. In 18(37 he sold the building to Abram Mathers,
who used it as a blacksmith-shop. It was ultimately made part of a
new building, which was burned down about 1874. He built his
second pump factory twenty-two years ago on Lot 13, Main street,
which he u.sed up to 1880, when his present factory was erected on the
same lot, the old building being moved to a lot adjoining.

604 HISTORY OF THE

John R. Hockey's waggon-shop was erected twenty-two years ago,
in wliich lie has conducted his extensive waggon and blacksmith-shop
down to the ]iresont time.

The Parkhill woollen-mills were built by John Harrison in 1 870,
for carding-mill purposes. Thos. Dickersoa j)urchased the building
and machinery from Harrison, and operated it until liS77-iS, when
William Jackson beciime lessee, and, in 1879, John Griffith leased the
mill for one year, and then purchased and remodelled the building, and
introduced woollen machinery. The industry gives employment to
seven hands.

In August, 1886, John Harrison began the work of constiucting
the stone flouring-mills into roller-mills, and in November of that
year had his ))lans of improvement so far advanced as to give his mills
a capacity of 1(1,000 Inishels. The council agreed to grant Mr. Harri-
son ten years' exemption from taxes, the improvements named being
the only condition. The old mill, which stood where the City Hall
now stands, was destroyed by fire. The new mills are in a number of
tenement houses which he built on Mill street, but converted into the
present mills.

The Parkhill flax-mill was established by Shantz Bros, in 1876.

In 1885-(; the old \V. Elliot brick-yard, established in 1862, on
David lieeser's farm, was revived after some years of idleness. Wil-
liam Elliot, the owner, introduced at this time the Kell's brick and
tile machine. In 1885, Erastus Miller began the manufacture of brick
on his farm, while the yard on the Hasting'- |)roperty was worked at
the rate of 12,000 brick per day, by the Mi\--.srs. Jkst. It was estab-
lished seventeen years ago by William Hastings. T. A. Mayberry
rented the Ha.stings brick-yard from 1874 to 187'.). He was followed
by James Fullertoii, Akin & Mitchell, and Tedder & Mitchell, who
preceded the present lessees. Thomas East, jr., is now operating the
yards.

William Shoults's grain warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1887.
This building was moved to Mill street and a large addition made.
William Carter's grain warehouse, piu'chased by John Jarvis about
1877, was moved from south of the railroad to Mill street.

Banks. — Henry Mann's private bank was the first financial house
with oilice, where is now Massey's implement shop. The Kittrldge
private bank was carried on until he sold his business to Heiny Allan,
who, it is alleged, did not succeed in doing any business. The
Exchange Bank was established here, and in 187.") the large building
was erected at a co!3t of SI 3,000. In the fall of 1882 the bank went
into li(iuidation, when its interests here were sold to the Parkhill Bank-
ing Company, represented by T. L. & R. A. Rogers.

The business circle of Parkhill in 1878 : — Henry Allan, a settler of
1863, lumberman ; Wm. Atmore, 18."i4, livery and fixrm ; Thomas
Burns, 1851, convevancer; A. Bruce, 1855, waggon-maker; Charles
R. Bell, 1836, blacksmith; Dr. W. Caw, 1864; D. B. Campbell, 1843,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

605

marble- works ; A. D. Ciiniiibell, 1870, prfiprictor Hastings Hotel ;
Win. Dickson, 18()9, A. D. Enticknap, I HOI, John Gibbs, 18(i2.
and Anj,'us Macaulay, 1(S72, <,'cneml inerchatits ; John Darragli, 185(),
teacher; W.W.Rutherford, principal of lU'^h School, 1874; J. H.
Dalinage, 1844, Royal Hotel; Thomas Dignan, l(S3;i, Van Wick
House; D. Eccles, 1871, druggist, and Dominion telegrai)h agent;
John Engli.sh, 18()(), tinsmith; Sandford Tudor's hotel. 1861; Wm.
Fletcher, 1868, baker; James Fullorton, 1874, brick maker ; John
Grandy, 1875, insurance ; Wallace Iraham 1870, editor of Gazette ;
Kenneth Goodman, 1872, bamater ; B. F. Holmes, 1874, veterinary
surgeon; J. McNeil, barber; H. H. Kittredge. 1873, banker; E. J.
Phippen, 1806, photographer; A. A. McDonald, 1863, merchant and
lumberman ; Dr. R. S. McAlpine, 1867 ; R. & J. McDonald, 187:'.,
carriage-makers; Wm. Munro, 186t), Wm. McDonald, 1868, and N.J.
Mclntyre, 1871, general grocers; Adam Pa.xman, 1848, auctioneer ;
J. W. Marsden, 1844, pork-packer; E. Manes, 18(i8, agricultural im-
plement manufacturer ; Thomas Magliidery, 1869, agent for agricul-
tural im])loments ; Wm. Newconibe, 1872, hardware ; John Slioults,
1851, and John Parsons, 1874, provisions; Robert Phippen, 1864, and
Nicliolas Phippen, 1873, manufacturers ; Wm. Ro.ss, 1874, and W.
Shoults, 1851, millers; James H. Robinson, 1856, watchmaker; Alex.
Smith, 1867, architect ; J. E. Soady, 1865, boot and shoe maker; Wm.
Wallace, 1866, builder; John Robertson, 1870, carpenter; Henry
Mann, 1844, livery; John Monison, 1875, harness; and John Noble,
1861, postmaster.

Organization. — The petition from the inhabitants of Parkhill.
asking for incorporation, was presented June 7, 1871, Mr, Noble repre-
senting the petitioners. He and S. Lake were appointed to take the
census. In 1872, Parkhill changed its relations to West Williams by
becoming an incorporated village. Simon McLeod was elected first
reeve, with Messrs. T. A. Mayberry, Wm. Dickson, Stephen Lake and
W. Shoults, councilmen. In 1873, T. A. Mayberry, D. L. Cruikshanks,
Joseph Siddall and Stephen Lake, councillors, with Reeve Shoults.

The records of the town from 1871 to March 31, 1882, were des-
troyed in the fire of April 1, 1882, .so that the written history of the old
village begins April 10, 1882. The councilmen present on that date
were, the reeve (K. Goodman), Messrs. Harrison, McKenzie, Thomp-
son and Fletcher. T. A. Maylserry was reapjiointed clerk ; William
Dickson, assessor and collector ; John Noble, treasurer ; Thos Boubier.
pound-keeper; B. Vanalstine, bell-ringer; Drs. Caw and McAlpine,
with John Harrison, members of the lioard of Health. All were
reappointments. Later, John Hodgins was appointed iiound-keeper.
In July, Councillor Thompson was present. The Council of 1883
comprised Reeve Goodman, with Wm. Fletcher, James Gray, Dr. R. S.
McAlpine and Adam Paxman. Robert Burns was appointed assessor ;
Wm. Boyer, treasurer, and Wm. Wells, police magistrate. In Septem-
ber, 1883, street lamps were ordered to be erected. In 1884, W. M.

606

HIBTOltY OF TIIK

Thompson, J, Harrison, J. ('Innc^ss iiiitl 1). N. McLcod werti oluctod
members. In LSSo Kichiinl Shoiilts inesided, with John Harrison,
,Iohn Chmess, Robert Wliite and 1). N. MoLeod, coiineillors. A. A.
Mncilonakl and J. L. I{oj,'ers were appointed auditors for tbo y(!ar, and
Dr. McAlpine trustee of high school. In l)eceinl)er, 18(Sri, the same
council was elected by acclamation for hSiSG. In. January the (puistion
of raising the village to the rank of town was considered on motion of
Messrs. VVhite and McLeod, and a i)etition drafted for presentation to
the Legislature. Messrs. K. Goodman, J. Noble and II. White were
appointed delegates to urge the jiassage of the bill.

The first election for mayor, reeve and councillors of I'arkhill, under
the legislative act, elevating the village to the rank of a town, was
held Jan. ;i, 1880. "\V. H. Hutchins received 252, and 1). L. Stone-
house 52 votes for mayor; R. White received 162, and D. McKenzie
134 votes for reeve. In Ward 1, John Cluness received 02 votes, and
W. Fletcher 47 ; S. McLeod 4G, and N. McPhee 45. In Ward 2,
W. Dickson received 72 votes, A. Miller 54, and F. Fussel 51 ; but
Messrs. Baird and Urifhth were declared elected on the day of nomina-
tion. The council of 1887 comprised W. H. Hutchins, mayor ; Robt.
White, reeve ; John Cluness and Wm. Fletcher, Wm. liaird and .John
Griffith, Wm. Dickson and A. M. Miller. In 1888, John M. Gibbs
was mayor ; Robert White, reeve ; Wm. Fletcher, John Griftith and
Wm. Dickson, councillors. In 1879 or 1880, Mr. Mayberry was
appointed clerk, and has served up to the i)resent time.

The salt well was put down by a joint stock company in the fall of
1884, at an expense of $2,500. The salt-works by-law was submit-
ted to the people November 23, 1887, and was carried, the vote being
107 for and 32 against. This by-law provided for a bonus of $3,000
to any person or persons who would successfully develop the salt
deposit.

In July, 1887, a meeting of the residents of I'arkhill, presided over
by John Hanison, petitioned the Council to submit to the people the
question of authorizing the expenditure of $15,000 on water- works.
On July 27, Councillors Fletcher and Clune-ss proposed that a by-law
be drafted. The water-works by-law was submitted to the peo])le of
Parkhill, May 17, 1888, when it was negatived by a vote of 77 to 50.
A determined etiort was made to procure a good supply of good water
by men who had the interest of the town at heart.

Schools. — The records of the School Board, at present in possession
of Mr. Dickson, date back to September 11, 1885. At that time
Messrs. Mayberry, Hastings, McLeod, McAlpine, Caw, Shoults, Bis-
hop, Gibbs, Dickson, Rogers and Griffith were the trustees. The
secretary, Mr. Dickson, reported the loss of records in the fire of Sep-
tember 3, 1885. In October, John Darrach was em;)loyed as assistant
in high school and A. B. Gibbert as principal of common schools, and
Miss Cluness, assistant, but in 1880 she was promoted to Miss Catley's
class and her place was taken by Miss B. Shoults. In November,

COUNTY OF MlIlDLK.SKX.

()07

1885, Mr. I'lirkinson was ap|ioiiiti!(l to succeed Mr. Damvoli. Ainoiif^
other teachers luuned at tliis time wmv.: — Misses Miilveiiy, Mu},'ladery
and Taylor. In December, 1) N. Mcf^cod was aj)|)()inted trustee, vice
])ickson. Messrs. Hishop and (Iritlith were elected trustei's to fdl
vacancies, while the names of Edward Manes, Thompson, Phelan and
J. IJradt appear as trustees.

In July, l.SfsO, Mr. Mays succeeded Parkinson as assistiiit in hij^h
school, and in August, Mr. liogers was enii>loyed as third teacher. In
December, lS8(i, Miss Summers was engaged as teaduir, vice Miss
McLeod ; and Miss Graham was also employed. At this time nomi-
nations for the new School Hoard were made, when Robert Porte and
A. W. Humphries, Simon McLeod and T. A. Maybcrry, J. Simpson
and John Shoults, were elected by acclamation for the public schools ;
while William Hastings and T. L. Kogors were apjKtiuted high school
trustees. T. A. Mayl)eiTy, Dr. McAlpine, W. M. Thompson, Phelan,
Rogers, Simpson, and Dr. Caw, holding over. Wm. Dickson was
ap})ointed .secretary of the new Board.

In April, 18(S7, S. McLeod, R. Porte and R. S. McAlpine were
appointeil a committee to report on the subject of a high school build-
ing and site. In November, 18S7, Head-master Bigg, with Messrs.
May and liogers, were re-engaged as teachers ; w!\il(j Mr. Clilbert and
the other teachers of the public schools were re-employed. In Decem-
ber, 1887, Thomas Watson replaced A. W. Humjjhries on the School
Board, and about this time the names of R. Shoults, W. H. Ilutchins,
and Mr. O'Brien, appear.

In January, 1SH7, John Lockead, a twelve-year-old pupil of the
Parkhill ])ublic school, won the gold medal oll'ered in Inspector Carson's
district, leading 261 other candidates. In the treasurer's record of
1875, it appears that $2,500 were borrowed October ■'!, 1870, payable
in ten years, and in 187o, an equal amount from D. Mcintosh, also
payable in ten years. In 1870 the first brick school-house was erected,
and in 1872 the high school was opened, while additions to the first
building were made in 187o. In January, 1875, the names of John
Darrach, W, Newcomb, W. W. Rutherford, Misses Armstrong, Grant,
and Baker, appear as teachers. In 1875-7, T. B. Woodhull, John
Tanner, Miss Baker, L. Wal.sh, Miss Porte, T. O. Allen, Miss Murray,
Miss Zapfe, and Thomas Murray. In 1878, E. M. Bigg's name
ap})ears with those of T. 0. Allen, D. E. Eccles, Miss Edwards, Miss
Stewart, Miss Porte, Miss Murray, W. W. Rutherford, Miss Niblock,
H. D. Johnson, Miss Burns, .and John Darrach. In 1870, McKay's
name appea's, also that of Wm. Tait, Miss Sutton. In 1880-1, Mi.ss
Jones, Miss Blair and Miss Taylor, were among the teachers. In
1881-2, Miss Johnson, W. S. McBrayne, Miss Baxter and Miss Mc-
Arthur.

In 1871 the south wing of the present school buildings was com-
pleted. In 1872 the high school was established here, and opened
October 4 by D. A. McMichael, who presided over twenty-two pupils.

«os

HISTOKY OF THE

1^'gg.

In 1873 the noitliern jiart of the buildings was erected. I^ter, the
lUiptist school-room was rented, anil th(ire, north of the railroad, served
as a ward school-honse. In 1(S84 the old buildinj,' known as St.
Andrew's Church was piu'chased for school purposes, a; id contemporary
with this progress w.'vs the estiiblishment of the Catholic Separate
School system, and the erection of new school buildings. In 1(S74 W.
W. Uutherford succeeded Mr. McMichael, and, in 1878, E. M
M. A., was appointed head master, and still holds the position.

Among the leading teachers the following names may be given: —
John Darrach, Misses Ivlwards, Taylor, McLeod, Spencer, Baxter, and
Mr. McHrayne ; in 1883-4, Misses Spencer, Aitken, Hamilton and
Magladery.

The Separate School records date back to 1878, and Jos. McEachran,
Neil ^Iclntyre (who was then secretary) and J). McNeil appear as
trustees. Mis.s Glenn presided over the school. In 1879 the names
of John McDonald, Thos. llyan and James Coloviu appear as trustees.
In .January, ]Mr. Marshall was elected, vice D. McNeil, retired, and
John McNeil, vice Thomas Kyan ; and the new trustees, with Charles
Mallon and other members of 1878, formed the new board. In 1880
the names of C. Gleeson, II. Leonard, M. J. Mclntyre, J. McEachin,
C Colovin and .1. McDonald formed the board. Thomas T. McGuigan
was employed as teacher for 188(1, and J.J. Madden for 1881. A.
McLeod was elected a trustee for the latter year, with Thomas Stanley.
Miss Amelia McGeorgy was employed as teacher for 1882.

In 1885, the name of John McAulilVe appears as trustee; also
that of C. P. McKenna, Hugh Leonard and Thomas Ryan; Rev.
Donald McCrae being president of the board. In 1886, Mrs. Gough
"Was teacher, but was succeeded the same year by Miss Lottie Eckhart,
who, in 1887, was succeeded by Miss Lavin, and she. in January,
1888, by Miss Tillie Dean. The new separate school-house was
opened January 1, 1886. On this occasion a house and lot were
drawn for, which were won by Angus Wilson.

Fires. — In May, 1870, a fire department was orgaiilied, James
Winn being the active canvasser for vijlunteers. The fire of October
28, 1878, destroyed Simeon McLcod's building in North Main street.
During the destruction of George Manning's furniture store January
16, 1880, William Grieves, a farmer, of McGillivray, who was present
aiding in saving property, was burned to death. The fire of February
2, 1885, originated in the collar of Rishop's hardware store, in the
Victoria Block, and resulted in the destruction of the building, the
loss, exclusive of insurance, being estimated at SI 0,000.

The fire of -January 9, 1886, originated in the room occupied by
James I'orteus, in the Levitt building. This block was completed in
1885, and would have been then destroyed hail it not been for the
timely alarm of Mrs. Bannerman and the successful ellbrts of Mes.srs.
Levitt, Eyiiouf, John llodgins, Archibald Kay and others who rushed
to the scene and extinguished the fire.

in
tie

I'S.

CJUNTV OF MIDDLESEX.

609

Tlie fire of November 22-3, 1887, originated in Wm. Shoebottom's
store, spread to Munro JJros.' store on the north, Pahner's jewelry store
on the south and thence to Garden's large block on the east. In this
fire J. Scoon, druggist, lost $1,500, and Munro Bros., $5,000, each fully
covered by insurance; the destruction of the Levitt building and
household goods entailed a loss of $.i,5()0, but were insured for
$2,250 ; W. S. Shoebottom's grocery stock, valued for $2,000, was
insured for $1.000 ; T. 11. Palmer lost $500 ; W. H. Hutchius's build-
ing, value $3,100, was insured for $2,200; Alexander Garden's
stock and building were valued at $13,000, but insured for $7,000.
The Gazette office, owned by James VV. Green, was entirely destroyed,
the^net loss being $1,000, but the loss of the files of the paper, from
1871 to that date, is incalculable. Button's block, Mclnnes's feed-
store, Andrews & Appleton's barber shop, the billiard hall, the Misses
Skinner's millineiy and Phippen's photograph gallery were damaged,
while ^lagladery's building was torn down.

Accidents. — Duncan Galbraith, of the 9th Concession of Williams,
was killed by a frilling tree in December, 1859. Ronald McDonald
was burned to death near Parkhill, Oct. 26, 1869. The house from
which he was about to be evicted was also burned. In August, 1878,
a son of Martin Fogarty, of Parkhill, was burned to death by coal oil.
The widow IMeggs and Miss Long were killed on the track at Parkhill
in 1879. Hector McLeish, brother of Angus McLeish, of West Wil-
liams, was killed at Wolseley, N. W. T., May 31, 1887.

Churches. — The first church building was erected during the Amer-
ican war by Charles McKinnon, for the use of the parish. It now
stands behind the Powell House. It was subsequently u.sed as a
separate school, until won at a bazaar by Angus Wilson, The
Methodists erected a frame building on the site of their present house;
the Presbyterians followed very soon after ; then the Baptists, and
next the Episcopal Methodists. The latter building was sold after the
union to John Hockey, who used it as a carriage repository.

The Catholic Parish of Parkhill previous to 1872 comprised the
Catholics of the Village of Parkhill, East and West Williams, and part
of McGillivray, and was attended from Strathroy. On January 21,
1872, Rev. James Lamont was appointed the first resident pastor of
Parkhill and Williams. In December, 1874, Father Lamont, on
account of advanced years and declining health, was obliged to resign,
and Rev. P. Corcoran, who was acting pastor of St. Mary's Catholic
( "hurch, London, Ont., was appointed to succeed the venerable Father
Lamont in the Parish of Parkhill and Williams. When Rev. P. Cor-
coran arrived, he found the large frame church, on the 12th Concession
of Williams, heavily encumbered with debt, which has since been paid
off'. The Catholics of Parkhill had no church worthy of the name.
They attended Mass in a small frame structure near the Grand Trunk
station. Father Corcoran seeing the absolute necessity of providing
better church accommodation for his people, and more commensurate

610

HISTORY OF THE

with their means, in the spring of 1875 commenced the erection of a
handsome brick cluirch on the lot donated by the late Charles McKin-
non, on Aim street, in the Villajre (now town) of Parkhill. On Nov.
7, Jb75, the new Catholic Church was solemnly dedicated by Right
Rev. .)ohn Walsh, D. D., to the service of Almighty God and the
salvation of soids. Since then a handsome brick parsonage and a
brick separate school have been built upon the same site. The total
cost of buildings was $10,000 — all paid. Rev. V. Corcoran has been
pastor since 1874.

The members of the Wesleyau Church of Parkhill in 1865 were
Robert, Emma and Henry rhip]ien, Henry BaiTon, the Woodburns,
Lambs, Englands, Crutherses, Snowdens, Charles Smith, R. F. Kenney,
Eobt. Porte, Huttons, Hords, and, in 1867, the Wilsons and Shoultses.
In February, 186G, the society completed its first building. Ailsa
Craig and I'arkhill Circuit dates back to 18()7, when Hall Christopher-
son and James S. Ross presided over a society of 210 members. In
186'J, Parkhill was established as a circuit, and Ailsa Craig attached to
Lucan; but in 1871 it was re-established, with John Smiley, pastor.
In 1872-3, Richard W. Williams presided.

Parkhill Circuit, formerly a part of Ailsa Craig, was set off in
1868, wlien William Galbraith was appointed minister. John Piui-
wash presided in 18(19 ; John Scanlon, in 1870-1 ; ,James Whiting
and Joseph Guest, in 1872 ; Wm. Ames and W. J. Maxwell, in 1873.
The membership increased from 122 in 1869 to 200 in 1873.

The ]\Iethodist Church of Canada at Parkhill succeeded the Wes-
leyau Society in 1874, during the pastorate of Wm. Ames. Wm. J.
Maxwell assisted him that year, and John McLean the following year.
In 1876-8, James H. McCartney was minister, with T. R. Earle,
assistant. In 1879-81, AV. C. Watson had charge of the circuit ; in
1882-3, R. C. Millyard; in 1884, Wm. Bryers. In August, 1886, the
Methodists resolved to build a lai'ge brick house of worshij). In
February, 1887, the contract for mason work on the building was sold
to Dan. McDonald, and for carpenter and paint work to Gibson, of
Luc^n. The corner-stone was placed May 24, 1SS7. The religious
services were conducted by Dr. Ryckmau, assisted by the pastor, Mr.
Harris. The building was dedicated Jan. 1, 1888, the total cost being
$10,000, including the moving of the parsonage, all of which was paid,
excei)t .■?4,00(), on day of dedication.

The Baptist Church may be said to date back to the wintei' of
1867-8, when Rev. Mr. Turner, of the McGillivray church, visited the
village. In 1868-9, Mr. Mclvee held services in Keyser's Hall. In
1870 the pulpit was filled by Mr, M, P. Campbell, a student from
Woodstock ; but, in December of that year. Rev, Mr. Martell came,
and on March 2, 1871, organized a society here, with the following
members: — J. B. Miller, Charles A. and Robert Wade, 1). Pugli, T.
Matthews, Wm. Dickson, Mary and Alice M. Wade, Eliza M. Burns
and daughter, Mr. Belingtou, Mrs. T. Mott, Madaines Raymond, ]\Ic-

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

611

Intosh, B. Miller, Ellen Martell, and Miss M.ary Sonthworth and Anne
Martell. On the same date, John Matthews, Madatnes (.'ruikshank,
Pui^h, Mann, Barclay, and Mr. Dunaphy asked admission to the
society. Wm. Dickson was appointed clerk, a position he still holds,
and J. B. Miller, treasurer. Mr. Martell was called as first pastor.
The building committee then appointed comprised Dr. K. S. McAlpine,
John Scott, Charles A. Wade, J. 1?. Miller and Wm. Dickson. On
March 7 a council of recognition was held, when Dr. Cooper, of the
London church, Rev. A. A. Cameron, of Strathroy, and Mr. Turner, of
McGillivray, were present. In 187-, Eev. S. Jackson filled the pulpit
for a short time. In October, J. G, Calder was called, and served this
(iliurch until October, 1874. In February, 1875, T. S. JoIulsou was
inducted pastor, but from the November following to August, 1870,
Rev. John E. Trotter was supply, succeeded by H. F. Orittin, who
remained till October, 1876. At that time Mr. Lyman came, and in
A])ril, 1877, he was succeeded by Rev. C. Y. Snell, who presided until
April, 187'.'. In May following, Rev. W. G. Rogers came, and remained
until November, 1881, when Rev. S. G. Anderson took charge. In
February, 1884, Mr. Hatdcinson succeeded in charge of this and
McGillivray church. In July, 1885, W. J. Waddell preached here.
About a year later Mr. Waddell left " for parts unknown," and in June,
1886, Rev. R. Fountain became pastor, and remained until February,
1888. The present number of members is about fifty. The church
building was erected at once on Lot 2, south side of Broadway, which
was dedicated in -January, 1872. The cost of this building and lot
was .S2,()00.

Parkhill is mentioned in the records of 1877, and J. Johnson
named as Catechist of St. James's. It was attended by Rev. J. Holmes,
of Ailsa Craig, In 186!) it formed ])a.vt of McCxillivray mission, of
which Rev. W. Davis was piistor; in 1878, Rev. W. Johnson; in
1883, Rev. H. A. Thomas ; and in 1885, Rev. J. H. Fairlie. Rev. H.
A. Thomas, of Parkhill, attended Grace Church and 16th Concession
Church, McGillivray, and for part of the time to Hyde Park in 1883.
The members of the Carlisle and Siddalsville congregation in 1860-1
were : — The Waughs; Griffiths, Sykes, Rudds, Woslcotts, Dr. Mc-
Candless, Siddalls, Hopkinses, Browns, Harpers, Moores, O'Neils, Glash-
ans, Jamiesons and Haskets. In 1861-2, Rev. E. Sullivan was
rector of this and St. George's, succeeded by Mr. Caulfield, and in 1866
by Mr. Walker. In 1867, Rev. W. Davis had charge.

St. Paul's Presbyterian congregation of Parkhill was originally
called Knox's Church. In 1870, Rev. James Pritchard was pastor,
with Neil Stewart and (Jharles Munro, elders. Among the early mem-
bers were : — Donald McKenzie, Dr. Wm. Caw, Donald McLeod, John
Houston, George Christie, Wm. Begg, Andrew and Wm. Elliott, John
Patton, James Plues, John Thoinj>son, Donald Peterkin, Alex. RonaId.s,
James Ross, John Noble, T. A. Mayberry, J. M. Gibbs, James Wilson,
John Cluness, James Forest, Silas Hoover, John, James and Jane

612

HISTORY OF THE

Niblock. In May, 1872, Mr. Pritchard was tnmsferred to Wingliam,
when Kev. 1). V. Sage took his place in August, ] 873. I'rior to the
coming of Mr. Sage, St. Andrew's congregation was formed, and Mr.
Aitken called as pastor, and lie presided until the union of liS7o, when
St. Andrew's united with Knox, and the building was sold to the
School Board. In April, 1878, Mr. Sage returned to Scotland, when
Rev. D. I). MacP^achran was called as pastor, and remained until trans-
ferred to Dundee in April, 1882. The pulpit was supplied by jiro-
bationers until May, liS82, when Kev. J. S. Lochead was called from
Londesborough, in the Huron Presbytery. In November, 1873, Andrew
Thompson, John M. Gibbs, and Donald McKenzie, were chosen elders.
In 1888, T. A. Mayburry and Itobert White, were elected elders — one,
vice A. Thompson, deceased, and the other to increase the number.
During the existence of St. Andrew's, Andrew Elliott was chosen elder,
and holds that rank in the United Church. The present membei'ship
is 14G. The Presbyterian Church of Lieury is in charge of the })astor
of Parkhill. The membership is fifty. The present brick church
building was erected during the administration of Mr. MacEachran.

The corner-stone of the Presbyterian Church, Parkhill, was placed
May 24, 1888, the cost of the building being estimated at !$7,000, and
the total cost about S9,00(), of which the ladies of the congregation
have $1,000 for furnishing. The building committee of St. Paul's com-
prises, Dr. Caw, J. M, Gibbs, T. A. Mayburry, R. White and John
Cluness, with Rev. Mr. Lochead ex-oihcio member. The contractors
are Mr. Gibson, of Luciin, for carpentry, and Mr. Ireland, of Parkhill,
for stone and brickwork. The architect is the same as planned the
Methodist building.

Societies — Doric Lodge, No. 233, A. F. & A. M., was chartered
July 15, 1870. The past masters are named as follows :— John Daw-
son, 1870; G. B. Reeve, 1871 ; W. C. Patterson, 1872 ; G. B. Reeve,
1873; William Caw, 1874 ; E. E. Chipman, 1875; Peter McGregor,
1876 ; William Caw, 1877 ; W. W. Rutherford, 1878 ; Alex. Burns,
1879; W. M. Thompson, 1880; E. N. Bigg, 1881; William Caw,
1882 ; Thomas Magladery, 1883 ; T. L. Rodgers, 1884 ; E. D. Stephen-
son, 1885; Dr. William Caw, 1886; D. N. McLeod, 1887.

Minerva Chapter, No. 78, formerly called Parkhill Chapter, re-
ceived its warrant from the Grand Chapter of Canada, August 8, 1877.
The list of first principals is as follows: — William McCaw, 1877 ; G.
W^Holwell, 1878; E. E. Chipman, 1879; A. Burns, 1880; W.
Thompson, 1881; W. D. Grigg,
William McCaw, 1885. Since 1885
although they still retain their charter.

Ivy Lodge, No. 20, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered Aug. 10, 1872, with
John Dauncey, Wm. Reid, Alex. Bruce, W. 0. Massin and Angus
McFie, members. The lodge, however, was organized April 24, 1872,
•when the names of D. L. Cruikshanks, D. C. McGregor, R. J. Potter,
Qeo. Gamble, Joseph Bell, E. E. Chapman, A. Exticknoss, E. Manes

1882-83; E. M. Bigg, 1884; Dr.
meetings have been

held.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 613

and Wm. Baird were admitted to degrees by Grand Master Gibson, of
Stratford. In 1872, Jobn Dauncey was N. G., and E. E. Cliapnian,
P. S.; 1873, Wm. Heid, N. G., IX ('. McGregor, secretary, and E. E.
Chapman, N. G. ; 1874, II. W. Harrison, with I). Eccles, secretary,
E, Totter, N. G. ; 1875, S.N. Boughner and John Danncey ; 1871),
A. Burns and John McKoberts ; 1877, D. Eccles and W.J. ^McKoborts,
and M. Newcombe, secretary ; 1878, Wna. IJeid and S. McLeod ; 187it,
S. McLeod and Alex. Ko.ss, with H. S. McAlpine and J. V. Owen,
secretaries; 1880, N. A. McKinnon, with W. Fletcher, secretary;
1881-2, N. A. McKinnon and J. P. Owens, N. G., for latter part 'of
year. In July, 1883, Mr. McKimjon's place as N. G. was taken by
J. P. Owens, with the past-gi'and secretary. In the latter part of 1 88 o,
W. Fletcher and Joseph Thomi)son were presiding at various meetings.

In December, 1883, Wni. Fletcher was elected N. G., and N. A.
McKinnon, R. S., and in July, 1884, John Hamilton was elected .secre-
tary. In January, 1885, J. A. Scoon was installed presiding officer,
and in July, E. J. Kennisten .signs the records as secretary ; Ijut later,
the signature of John Hamilton a])pears, with F. Fussell, N. G. .Fohn
Hamilton, jr., was chosen Grand, for 1886, with Wm. Fletcher, 11. .S. ;
and in July they were succeeded in the respective offices by W. J.
Mclioberts and John Hamilton, jr. In January, 1887, N. A. Mc-
Kinnon was re-elected N. G. ; and in July, Hector Matheson succeeded
him, who in January, 1888 was succeeded by Wm. Kirpatrick, with
W. J. McKoberts, secretary. In July, 1888, J. T. Appleton was
installed N. G., and the secretary re- elected. The number of mem-
bers in November, 1888 is placed at sixty-nine.

The officers of Ivy Lodge, No. 90, I. 0. O. F., installed in July,
1888, are : — J. T. Appleton, D. H. Cameron, W. J. McUoberts, Archi-
bald Campbell, Dr. McDonald, W. Kirkpatrick, E. Greenwood, F.
Fussell, W. Fletcher, H. :Matheson, T. Haines, E. Jack.son, \V. H.
Marks, John Marks, J. Hamilton, li. McLean, D. McKenzie and W.
J, Mclioberts.

Hebron Encarupment was organized March 2^' 1873, with Kichard
J. Potter, H. W. Harrison, II. H. Dyas, D. C. jV. .regor, William C.
Noble, Alexander Burns, Wm. lleid, G. B. Peeve, L. G. Cruikshank
and John English. The first-named was elected Chief Patriarch and
W. C. Noble, scribe. Among the names of presiding officers those
occur of: — D. Eccles, A. Burns, W. Stautt'er, E, E. Chapman, W. Keid,
N. A. McKinnon, A. Koss, W. J. McKoberts, VV. Fletcher, F. Fussell
and John Hamilton.

Court Parkhill, No. 156, I. 0. F., was instituted in April, 1885,
with W. M. Thompson first Chief Eanger Toward the close of that
year the court suspended, but in April, 1887, reorganized, with John
Darrach, C. R. ; A. W. Miller, V. C. K. ; J. H. Laughton, F. S.; Mer-
ritt Green, R. S. ; H. Bishop, T. ; Thomas Magladery, C. ; Dr. Caw,
physician ; T. Mollard, S. W. ; Wm. Ireland, J. W. ; Frank Schram,
S. R. ; L. D. Vaualstiue, J. B. ; John Griffith, C. D. In April, 1888,

614

mSTOUY OF THE

Mr. DaiTOch was re-elected ; A. M Miller, C. D. ; W. Ireland, V. C. 11 ;
B. Tylo, treasurer ; KiiV. J. S. Locliead, C. ; (Jeo. Turner, J. W. ; and
D. Cameron, S. W. Otherwise the oflicial list of IHH7 is unchanged.

The W. ('. T. U. was organizuil January lT), 18SG, \Mth Mrs. Ross,
president ; Madames N. Piiippen, Loudon, Fairlie, and Forbes, vice-
presidents ; Mrs. A. W. Humphries, II. S. ; Miss Kate Hamilton, C. S. ;
and Mrs. Scoon, treasin-er. There were twenty-five members enrolled.

The officers of the A. O. U. W., of Ailsa Craig, for ISSti were:—
J. S. McDonald, D. Stevenson, G. A. Mihell, G. S. McDonald, T. Hey,
Joseph llosser, 11. Tarker, H. Gunn, J. J. Cassidy, and Dr. J. Gunn.

The North Middlesex Agricultural Society was organized in 1868
by W. K. Atkinson and Lionel E. Sliipley ; but later the name was
changed to the Northern Fair Association.

Tlie North ^Middlesex Bee Keejiers' Association was presided over in
1885-G by Fraidc Atkinson, with D. P. Campbell, vice-president, and
A. W. Humphries, secretary. The Revieio is noticed in the general
chapter. The ParkUll Gazette referred to in the history of the Strath-
roy papers, was established in 1871 by C. H. Mcintosh. Wallace
Graham carried on this journal until the spring of 1887, when the
office was purchased by J. W. Green. The fire of November 2o, 1S87,
destroyed the Hutchin, Leavitt and Garden buildings, and in the ruin
all the files of the Gazette disai)])eared, and also William Lyon Mac-
kenzie's old press. In 1885, the Gazette office was burned, when he
purchased the Hoivick Enterprise from Mr. Green, employed him as
editor, and also established his ])a])er at Windsor.

Mrs. John H. Fairlie, of rarkhill, won the first prize, $30, oiVered
by the Mont'eal Star for the best poem. It was entitled, "Little
Sweethearts,"

The I'arkhill wooden shed and armory was built in 1870, on Lots 3
and 4, Mill street north.

In April, 1880, the Salvation Army established headquarters in
the Victoria Block, with Captain Veele in charge.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

616

CHAl'Tp:ii XXXVIII.

GENEUAL ITEMS.

Herbs ami Weeds.— The ginsenj,^ plant, of tlie genus Panax, wa.s
discovered m 1716 by one of tlie Je.suit fathers, who recognized the
Canadian weed as one of the most valuable plants known to the
Chinese. It was valued at two francs per pound at Quebec, while at
Canton it brought twenty-five francs. It soon became one of the
principal articles of Canadian commerce, and returned to Quebec in
one year no less than 500,000 francs. This fact, however, remains
that the settlers pulled the crop in May, rather than wait for its ripen-
ing in September, and so won for the plant such a bad reputation that
the Chmese refused to buy it. Even in 1799, when lilbenezer Wash-
!"',p/"*;'^ *" ^'^'^^^^ ^^^'^ '•'•'^'''^ '» Upper Canada through Colonel Bell
of rhurlow, the dealers in drugs at London refused to recoanize his
enterprise, as 500 pounds of ginseng root was left on the Colonel's
hands.

In the earlier years of London Village an herb grew alonc^the street
now known as Dundas street and the land adjoining on the north It
was known as wild tea, and, when properly dried, made a beveraae
similar m many respects to that produced by cheap Japan tea.

In 1870, waterproof rubber, the product of milkweed otowu in
Delaware Township, was presented to the people of London by J
O Connor, for whom the Lambs, of Montreal, manufactured the
inaterial The rubber was composed of .66(3 of milkweed and 33;!
mdia-rubber.

Among the imported weeds found here, are the followin<^ well-
known and generally troublesome ones from Great Britain, Ireland and
France : —

The common thistle.

The Canada thistle.

Burdock.

Yellow dock.

Wild carrot.

Ox eye daisy.

Chamomile.

The mullein.

Elecampane.

Nightshade.

Buttercup.

Dandelion.

Wild Mustard.

Shepherd's purse.

St. John's wort.

Chick-weed.

Purslane.

Mallow.

Plantain.

Motherwort.

Stramonium.

Catnip.

Gill.

lilue-weed.

Stick-seed.

Hound's tongue.

Henbane.

Pig-weed.

Quitch Grass,

Darnel.

Poison hemlock.

Hop clover.

Yarrow.

Wild radish.

Wild parsnip.

Chicory.

Live forever.

Toad-flax.

Sheep-soiTel.

616 HISTORY OF THE

The Irisli kept the shamrock, daisy, hirksptir, fu'l(l-pop])y, niaizc-
weed, and imported the Er'ujeron Canadcns'iH to ornament their road-
sides. They left us the milk-weed, rag-weed or Amhromi, and
golden rod, common here, hut uncongenial to the freshening soil and
climate of the Emerald Isle.

Zoology. — Prior to the last (juarter of the la.st century, tlu; huffahi
ceased to iuhahit or visit tliis part of Canada. The Indian hunters
had killed or driven off the moose, so that hy the time the ])ioneers of
the Thames valley arrived, the bear, wolf, and deer, were the only
large animals of the chase to be found ; while, occasionally, a lynx
would visit the settlement in search of prey or to escape the capture
whi .1 awaited him in the peninsula of Michigan.

Benjamin Matthews, better known as Sfjuire Matthews, in his
reminiscences published in LSSl, stated that wIkmi he came here in
1822, the country was a "howling wilderness." At that time (1881)
he possessed a large iron trap, weighing about twenty-five pounds, in
wliich he caught twenty-nine wolves. lie was able even then to set
this huge machine by mounting it carefully and forcing down the
springs so as to open the jaws. Once set, he touched the springs and
instantly there was a clash of jaws, teeth, steel and iron, that rang
through the neighborhood. A wolf caught in such a traj) would
venture to eat his leg oil' ratlier than remain a prisoner. Sometimes a
lynx or wild cat would become its victim, and so thoroughly .savage
would the aninuil become, says Mr. Matthews, that could he get a
sweep of his paws at a human being he would " rip him right open."

The act of March (J, 18;>0, placed the bounty on wolf scalps at
twenty shillings. The first payment by London district under this act
was made to Charles Wellswaters — £1, July 17; and the second to
Justus Wilcox — £.'3, in October.

In October, 1865, a bear was hunted in the woods of Westminster.
He was discovered by Henry, the toll-gate keeper, and cajitured. In
June, 1871, a bear strolled into the yard of David Harris, of Adelaide.
Chase was given, ending in his death on Martyn's farm. The animal
weighed ninety pounds.

George Buttery, of Adelaide, had a gun in 1876 by which he killed
400 deer, while Solomon Dell killed SOU deer up to that time.

In 1878 the township of Ekfrid offered a reward for the scixlp of a
wUd cat then infesting the county. In February, Darius and Charles
Kettlewell and Edward and David Laughton won the prize on Lot G,
Concession 5. The animal weighed eighteen pounds, was twenty-four
inches high and forty-eight long. In October, 1887, a wild cat located
near Middlemiss, but disappeared after committing a few depredations.

A loon was killed at Pincombe's mill pond, Strathroy, by E. Good-
erham in June, 1873.

A fish eagle was killed by Francis Frank at the Strathroy mill-
pond in May, 1873.

In July, 1884, two rattlesnakes were captured on the Isaac Bart-

COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX.

*;i7

lett fiinn, in IVfosa. by Messrs. Lnhorty, Coyne iuid StoiiilioU: One
Imd four and the other eight rattles.

In June, 1877, myriads of caterpillars swarmed on the tracks of
the Tort Stanley and Sarnia Ilailroads, so as to jirevent the stickinfj
of the wheels to the rails. On the Port Stanley line cars had to b*;
left at Glanworth to enable the locomotive to haul lialf the train to
London.

^The fishery district, of which Peter McCann was insjtector in
1877, embraced the Thames from London to St. Clair Lake. His
report for that year .shows that 33 boats, manned by 1 22 men, were
engaged in the fishery trade. The season's catch was 411i barrels of
pickerel, 343 of coarse fish, .'}3 of bass, and 9 of jiike— or a total of 797
barrels— a decn.'ase from the catch of 1875 and 1870.

Sto')-ms.—'nni dark day of November, 1819, is an unexplained
phenomenon. The pioneers and Indians were alarmed, and thousands
throughout the country believed the end of the world was at hand.

Tlie heavy storm of July, 18(J0, destroyed Wooilhull's brick house
near Kil worth, and damaged barns, fences and orchards throughout the
county.

The storm of December, 1867, destroyed several buildings in the
neighborhood of the old barracks.

The tornado of June 27, 1809, swept over the townships of Lon-
don and Nissouri, carrying away almost everything in its tracks.

The storm of June, 1880, destroyed property in East Williams,
damaged Taylor's house in W. Nissouri and that of llobert Ayer, of
Adelaide. At Nairn, the Presbyterian building, erected a few years
before, was struck by lightning and burned; also Griihth Philip's barns,
two miles distant.

The thunderstorm of August ;'.l, 1881, destroyed $50,000 worth
of farm jiroperty in Westminster, London and Lobo Townships. The
lightning seemed to search out everything in the path of the storm,
burning up what the winds failed to demolish, A. J. Thirlwell. of
11th Concession, Lobo, lost bain, sheds, waggons and grain. David
Charlton's barn was destroyed, with grain,' &c,, also John Grey's
property. James Morden, of London, had his whole crop, barn, sheds,
and a span of horses destroyed, while Charles Hartson was killed. In
Westminster, James Milne lost $G,000 ; Wm. P>eattie, near Pond Mills,
lost barns, crops, farm machinery and three horses ; Peter Ferguson
sustixined similar losses; Kobert Fraser, near Lambeth, lost house,
barns and crops; James Mills, of 7th Concession, lost all his out^
buildings. Near Byron, John Raymond, the lime burner, lost property
during the destruction of Kobert Summer's barn. Throughout the
townsliips named, and in London East, the storm did much damage,
while, in Delaware, Leaker's barn and grain were destroyed. The
line of the storm track was a pathway of fire.

The strange darkness at midday, caused by a yellow haze filling
tiie sky, which awakened surprise and alarm on the borders of Lake

HIS

HISTORY OF THE

Huron, and in Boston, IVovidonce, roilland iind other Eastern cities
in tlic year of IMSI, is not witliout ]ianillnl in nu!teorolo),'ical history.
Everybody has heard of the I )ari< Day of 1780, whieli is sometimes
spoken of as IJlaciv Friday. The year 1780 resend)]ed 1881 in ita
wonderful jthysical ])henomena. It was a year to thive weather
prophets mad, and it imj)ressed its memory indelibly u])on tlie minds
of the peojile. Its freaks culminated on May lU, wlien th(^ lij^dit of
the sun seemed suddenly to fail, and all of New England, and jHirtions
of New York, Pennsylvania and Canada were plunged in mysterious
gloom. iJirds and fowls retired to their roosts ; dinner was eatiai by
caudle-light. The air seemed of a brassy color, and there way a sul])hur-
ous or sooty smell pervading it.

On November 17, 1882, the great magnetic storm ragfid hero, but
beyond the death recorded in the history of the township, and a little
damage to ])roperty in a few localities, it was unattended with serious
results. The flood of July 11, 1S.S2, destroyed much property in
London West, carrying away one bridge, damaging others, sweeping
away a number of hou.ses, and residting in the drowning of a few.
The fluoil was not confined to London West, for all along the river the
high water created havoc.

Bdhi and Snotv. — The record of raiu and snow fall for 1886-7 is
as follows ; —

Locality.

AlUa CraiK

London

Wilton drove.

Obserrer.

I Ualn, 1887. I Kain, 1880.
iTnche».I)ays.|Im'hes.l)ays.

J. Keiinle I BL.V! f3

E. B. Heod Zi.Ut (18

H. Anderson.... I S0.23 61

20 77 41)
a«.r>4 71
a? 57 74

Snow, 1887. I Snow, 1888.
Inches. nays. Iiicliea.DayH.

«1.0
80.7

»7
45

B3.0 3U
1»U.5 M
S9.0 41

The preci))itation of rain for the six summer months was not quite
two-thirds of the usual rainfall, being only 10.10 inches, while in l«cS6
it was 15.83 inches; the average for the five years, 1882-0, was 10.81,
and for the six years, 1882-7, 15.71 inches. The driest month of the
six was September, and there were four months of the period when the
rainfall was )')ss than that of the driest month of the previous year.
During each i ith the fall of rain was less than the average for the
same month lu the six-months period, atid also smaller than in the
corresponding month in 1886. The drouth ap])eared to prevail to the
greatest extent in the eastern half of the Province, the centre district
being the least favored with min. In the other half of the Province
the local showers peculiar to the peninsula formed by the great lakes
raised the record to an average of 2. 1 1 inches higlu;r than that of the
two districts forming the eastern half. During the mouths of July and
August, the period of harvest, there was but little rain, and, as a con-
sequence, the crops were saved with .scarcely any damage.

Taking the Province as a whole, there was an increase in the pre-
cipitation of both rain and snow in the winter months of 1880-7, com-
pared with the average of the same period of l8(S2-7, and in each of
the districts, except the north-west and north, a like record was made.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

619

Diii'iiif; the last three months the total full of rain and siiow, reckoning
an inch of rain as the ('([nivalant of ten inches of snow, was below that
of the cornisponding three months of 188(1, but greater than that of the
three months of the five-years period, 1882-G. The lowest record of
rainfall was in December, Ix'ing ,50 inch, and, strange to say, the
second lowest was in March, tlie last month of the season, when oidy
.52 inch of rain fell, February was the wettest month, the rainfall
being 2.25 inches. The greatest precipitation of snow occurred in
January, when 2G.5 inches were marked. This was 2.3 inches more
than the averiige of that month in the six years, 1882-7, but less by .H
inch than in 188(i. The greatest rainfall by districts was experienced
in the west and south- west district, and the least in the north-west and
north. The snowfall, however, was greatest in the latter district. In
the matter of total precipitation, the south-west district shows the
highest figures.

Duration of Sunshine. — There were 2,0)14.9 hours of possible
sunshine (calculated for the latitude of Toronto) in the six months
given above, but the actual sunshine recorded as the mean of the
Province was only 1,404.8 hours, or about fiS.T per cent, of the possi-
ble. The hours of sun above horizon in April was 406.4 ; in May,
461.1; in June, 465.7; in July, 470.9; in August, 434.5; and in
September, 376..'!. In 18S8 the average of sunshine was lower and
that of rainfall highitr. At the close of September, snow fell to the
depth of from one to nine inches — the snow wave being very irregular
in its intensity. This, however, was higher than that of the Province
for the previous year by 79.4 hours, and above that of the five years
188;i-7 by 71.8 hours. 'The April record of 1887 was slightly below
its average for the five years, but May showed an increase of 53.5
hours over that of the same month in the years 1883-7. June fell
below its average for the five years by 8.4 hours, but July and
August, which are i)re-eminently the ripening months of the grain
crops, were each considerably higher than their average for the same
term of years. September's record was 17.7 hours below the average
of the same month in the years 1883-7. July led the record for sun-
shine with 295.."! hours ; May came next with 272.0 hours, and
August was third with 251.2 hours. Sunshine appears to have ]>re-
vailed to the greatest extent at Pembroke, where 1,544.1 hours, or
I'.Wl'.) more than the average of the Province, were registered for the
six months. Toronto came next with 1,468 6 hours, while the lowest
record of sunshine was made at Earrie, where only 1,203.7 hours were
observed, or 201,1 hours less than the mean of the Province for the
six months.

Indian Summer. — Robert P -nmers states that Indian summer is
named from the fact that in the 1 the Indians would burn the west-
ern prairies to make their harvest of game, the smoke and sometimes
leaves coming over to Canada, and the settlers called the season Indian
summer.

t;2()

HISTOUY OF TIIK

'I'he },M(>at frosts of JuiU!, isrd), destroyod thu crops. On tho night
of till! loth tliii ilieruKiniotcr foil to zuro. A farmer rcsidin",' at
Koinoka, on seeing his wheattiokl next niorniii<^, committed suicide.

Arclia'olotjy, Etc. — In Septenilier, liS87, Messrs. Jones and Ihirt
unearthed thu remains of a {^i«,'antic mastodon in Chatham Township.
One tusk measured ninety-two inches long and twenty-three inches
round. The large lione (jf the forehtfad was thirty-seven inches long,
and nineteen inclies at smallest circumference. Tlusy calculated that
the animal was fourteen feet high, could reach his trunk out tliirty-five
feet, and weigheil twenty tons. The measurement round the knee was
six feet. At various ])laces along the rivers and cre(!ks old settlers
found mounds of various sizes and shapes; hut whether natural or
artificial, their curiosity never led them to fiuil out. To-day it may be
truly said, that not a vestige of the unknown or early Indian occupiers
of tho county exists.

In 1.S24, after lioliert Summers moved from Nixon's to his new
farm on Concession 1, three miles from London, and while engaged in
clearing a field, he discovered an ash heajt on a small mound, and out
of the ashes grew uj) a red oak, which in 18L*4 was eighteen inches in
diameter. Tlu; ashes were four feet deep. In another place, near a
si)ring, was a shallow ash heaj), out of which grew a white ash tree.
A short sword with an ivory handle was found there in 1850.

MiHcellancouK. — On March lH, IS;!3, D. McKenzie, a justice of
the peace, united in the bonds of matrimony James and Margaret
Campbell, both of Williams, Donald Mcintosh and Duncan Campbell
being the witnesses. Mr. McKenzie at that time was one of the
ju.stices of the District of London.

In 183;), Peter Teeple, a justice of the peace, united in matrimony
Hiram I'ickard and Eliza German, and Scott German and Margaret
Pickard, all of Ni.ssouri.

Squire James Ingersoll solemnized the uuxrriages of Arch. McColl
and Nancy McDonald, and of John Cameron and Marian Patterson, of
Nissouri, in 1834.

Ruth Springer, a widow, of the Towu.ship of Delaware, certified in
May, 1837, that she was ])resent at the marriage of Thomas Orchard
and Mary Flock, and heard the late Daniel Springer, then a magistrate
of the London District, pronounce the couple man and wife, some time
in 1820, according to the rites of the Church of England.

Commodore Vanderbilt was married to Miss E. Crawford at the
Tecumseh House, by llov. W. Briggs, a We.sleyan, August 20, 1869.

The following is taken from an early reeoid of the county treasurer,
and explains itself; —

Early Statistics. —
1826. £ s. d.

April 20. To paid sheriff for services to April 1, 182") 75 3

182(i (i',» 9 6

13. Gaoler, one year's services, 1825 40

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

621

April

Oct. 19.
Aiail 25.
July I'J.

£ 3. d.

To Gaoler, provi.sioii.sftnd necossarieg, 182") 4 IS 1

" service iiiid juovisious, 1825 19 8 10

" i year's salary and baliuicca l.Qn,. .,„ ., „.

" i " " uiid allowances J ^^-^''-"^ " *>*

" I'uel and provisions to April, 1821)... 1

" provisions, &c., to April, 1826 10 !)

James Graham, for medical attendance 10

Coroner, for holdinii; iiuiuest 15

James Mitchell and .los. llyerson 2 10

" " " G. C, Salmon 2 10

" " " " 2 10

Clerk of the Teaee, service in 1824 78 16 10

Clerk, for obtaining release to tlie gi'ound on
which the late court house stood, and ex-
ecuted 8 15

Stationery and fuel one year 17

Services on land matters 5

Drawing up collection rolls 40

Crier of court to January, 1 821) 7 5

John Bostwick, surveyor of roads 10

Daniel Hagen, " " 3

A. A. Hapelje, for carrying round collection

roll 6 15

John Gillies, overrated assessment 19 7

D. lioss, drafts and interest 74 10 3J

P. Steinholf, a witness at assize 10

J. Mitchell, balance of draft 15 17 o

Interest on account to November, 182G 8 7 9J

Edward CoUard, for picking up old iron in

ruins of court house 2 12 6

Thomas Finch, for use of his house to hold

the courts 10

E. Malcolm, a witness at sessions 2 10

W. V. Cornish, " " 7 10

Constable Charles Hawley 1 12 8

Silas E. Curtis 115

" James Eakin 118

" Alpheus Burch 117 6

" John M. Park 6 3 6

" Thomas Smith 7 6

" James Taft 6 10

" Samuel Smith 5 13 2

" John Elliott 10

" Arch Olds 2 8 8

" Geo. Sovereen 11 4

" John Haght 2 4 9

!;■!

622

HISTORY OF THE

July

1827.
April

£ s.

19. To Constable Theber Boughner 1

Will. Wood

" Duncan Malcolm 1 4

JacobWood 15

" David Procunier l.n

Clark & Street, on acct. of loan 172 10

Collectors, on account of absentees : —

Oakland 2 2

London 3 12

Malahide 2 15

Lobo 3 10

Bayhaiu ;! 18

Woodhouse 1 14

Mosa..„ 1.")

Townsend 1 2

Middleton 11

Windham 1 13

Oxford We.st 1 1

Charlotteville 2 11

Fees to town clerks 30 5

" assessors 71 '.9

Assessor of Harford for 1823 1 6

Town clerk of Nis.souri, 1824 1

" " Lobo, 1823-4 1 14

Collector's fees of Woodhouse for 1825 4 4

" Charlotteville " 5 3

" Walsingham " 1 18

" " Oakland " 1 5

" " Norwich " 4 3

" " Bayham " 3 10

" " Southwold " 4 3

" Malahide " 3 13

" Zorra " 1 4

Stationery for year " 2

Members of Parliament : —

JohiiKolph, " 46 10

John Matthews, " 49 10

Duncan McColl, " 4G 10

Francis L. Walsh, " 43

Thomas Horner. " 46

Charles Ingersoll, " 40

1 2. To amount of disbursements on account of
the public of the London District
from April 1, 1826, to March 31,
1827 1,222 2

5f
0|

7
2

3
3

Of
4
7
11

o
2

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 623

To this sum was added 4 j)er cent, on disbursements (£48 17s. lOd.),
making the aggregate expenditure £1,271 Os. 5|d. The total re-
revenue was £1,193 16s. 5fd., thus leaving a balance due the treasurer
of £77 3s. ll|d. This revenue was derived from direct tax on culti-
vated and wild lands, almost exclusively, as appears from the well-
kept records of John Harris, then treasurer of the London District.

£ s. d.

In 182f,-7 l,25(; If, 11

I'^^-S 3019 1 10

1S29* 2,408 11

18;iO 1^9(54 13 I

1831 4,271 4 10

18'^- 3,240 15 7

1833f 3,834 4 9

18'^4 2,148 3 7

1835 2,913 6

183() 3,237 3 4

18-"7 3962 15 8

1838 3,802 7 2

18'^'' 3,700

1840 3,821 14 7

l'"^-!! 4,142 4 1

1842 2,371 7 2

1843 2,184 3 8

1«44 2,149 18 7

Indebtedness.— In 1853 the amount of debentures issued was
$76,000, the discount ranging from 11^ to 13i per cent. In 1864,
$57,650, with discount from 12^^ to 14 per cent., exclusive of a deben-
ture sold to James Porter, of Surnia, at 6^ per cent. In 1865 the
total amount issued was $28,000, at a discount of from 12^ to 14 per
cent. In June, 1865, a committee of the Council recommended
$64,200 to be raised to pay iiiterest on debentures, and $13,000 under
the act to consolidate the debt of Middlesex. In addition to these
items, $22,122, for current expenses and new offices, and .S6,400, for
schools, were recommended to be raised. The total assured valuation
was then $7,087,000.

In a report made to the Council in December, 1865, by a com-
mittee, of which Thomas Moyle was chairman, an estimate of the
amounts required each year, from 1866 to 1872, to jiay debentures,
interest, and to create a sinking fund, were ]>resented. This report
recommended $80,479.48 to be raised in 1866 ; $68,538 75 in 1867 •
$79,042, in 1868 ; $63,472, in 1869 : $63,50,-., in 1870 ; $82,080, in
187 1, and $65,;{56, in 1 872. From the totals given, the sum of $5,000

Wes't?™ DlTric? ^tl'S.^.! \Z\Z U x'im " ''"" """^ '''''''''' -""^ '"" ^"^ ■^■"•»«" ' °^ ">«
+Of tills sum £1,030 108. 9J4d. were advanced by the treasurer.

fill I'

624 HISTORY OF THE

annually should be deducted to represent the revenue from toll roads.
The estimate for 1.S71 assumed that of the SG0,119 in debentures
fallin<T due, S20,119 would ai)ply from the taxes of that year. The
committee further recommended the levy of S6,500 annually to meet
the debentures due in 1873-4, bringing the total average annual levy
up to $91,281.06, thus providing for the payment of $133,759 within
the seven years.

The total liabilities of the county outside the Townships of McGil-
livray and Biddulph for the year ending July 1, 18(36, was $107,301.
The liabilities of the county, not relating to debentures, interest or toll-
roads for the same jjeriod, was $22,202. For the year ending July 1,
18G7, the figures were $99,578 and $24,615 respectively, and, includ-
ing the two townships, $26,322.

The assets of the county December 31, 1868, were set forth as
follows : —

Cash $ 17,902 90

Due on Tax for 18<;8 48,716 37

" Sales in "NN estminster 531 16

Kent of Toll-Gate 555 32

City of London for Railroad Stock 40,000 00

City of London for Interest on Debentures 30,79167

" City of London, Jail Expenses 1,488 00

" City of London, Jury Expenses 685 54

" Provincial (lovernment for Administration of

Justice 3,100 00

Stock owned in Great Western Railroad Company 80,000 00

London & Port Stanley Railroad Company 80,000 00

Toll Roads 475,419 05

Real Estate 50,000 00

$829,190 01
The liabilities were as follows : —

Debentures matured December 31 $ 10,033 33

Interest " " 15,340 67

Wild Land Tax due Townships 2,834 81

" " Redemption Money 145 61

Percentage to Towns) lips on Rate 251 29

Due on Grant of 1868 to Town Lines 1,300 00

" Provincial Government for Roads 18,000 00

•' « " Interest on Purchase Money

of Roads 10,447 39

Debentures Payable- in 1869 $ 6,000

1870 8,400

1871 50,119

Canned forward $64,519 58,353 10

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 625

Brought forward S 64,519 $ 58,353 10

Debentures Payable in 1872 7000

1873 188',050

1874 :i07,683J

1876 25,000"

1877 7,000

1878 4,000

1880 25,000

1881 12,000

1883 76,000

1884 87.250

1885 13,000

1887 , 20,000

836,502 33^

S8'J4,855 43*

The total interest paid on debentures from 1860 to 186'.> inclusive
amounted to $546,496.47. ' ' '

The total liabilities of the county for the year eudin" Julv 1 1868
amounted to $97,332. n y ^, -^ouo.

The estimated expenditures for the year ending Julv 1, 1870 out-
side of Biddulph and McGillivray, were .«!97,755 ; wliile the expendi-
ture apart from debentures, interest and toll-roads, amounted to $26 -
607. The total disbursement was $168,867.61 to December 31 1870

The liabilities for the year ending July, 1869, exclusive of Bid-'
dulph and McGilhvray, were $75,383. The expenditures of th(i whole
county for that year, outside debentures and interest and toll-roads
wereb21,501. The total disbursement from December 31 18()7 to

?Q7n"i^o^o:*^ -f ^' '^^"^"ted to $136,861.14; and to January 1,
1869, $189,260.00. ''

The expenditures of the county for tlie year endim' December 31
1871, amounted to $191,233.18. At that time the assets of the county
were estimated at $748,601.67, and the liabilities at $750,300.23. The
estimated total liabilities for year ending July 1, 1873, were $109 307
and the assets $17,275, exclusive of the two new townships. 'tIic
estimate outside debentures, interest and toll-roads shows $30 719
less assets $4,440. The total disbursement for year ending December
31, 1872, was $147,506.46 ; for 1873, $186,208.70. The amount of
county rate paid by the municipalities from 1852 to 1S7'> inclusive
was $1,563,660.41.

The expenditures of the county for the year endiii" December 31
1874, amounted to $337,935.53; while for the eleven"nionths endiu"
JNovember .30, 18^5, the amount expended was $209 664 32 and to
December 31, $238,187.94. In 1876 the total expenditure was $145 -
018.66; in 1877, $171,711.41, including $5,249.22 for maintenance of
poor persons.

C26

IIISTOEY OF THE

The following statement shows the debenture debt on December 5,
ISH:!, date of issue, and, lastly, date of maturity. The interest down
to 1879 was () per cent., and since that year, with the exception of one
issue, 5 per cent.

$18,000 Issued June 30, 1868 Due in

July 1, 18(i4

Dec. 31, 1864

2,1865

Jan.

Mar.
Aug.
Nov,
Jan.
Feb.

33,000

24,350

0,000

6,000

2,900

4,000

2,000

7,000

20,000

34,300

10,000

12,500

3,200

27,000

13,000

4,0U0

45,000

40,000

5,000

31,000

20,000

20,000 ..

24,000

34,500

All the debentures due after the last payable in 1887 to the last
payable in 1901 fall due on December 31 eacli year, and on March 31
in r.H)2 and 1903, the total issued up to 1883 being S520.750.

The report of the Finance Committee for the fiscal yesir ending
June 30, 1888, contained the following clause : —

1st. — Your committee beg to report that they have examined the
estitnates of our assets and liabilities for the year, from the 30th of
June, 1887, to the 30th of June, 1888, and recommend that a rate of
one and six-tenths of a mill on the aoUar be levied on the whole of
Middlesex for current exjienses, producing S54,746.55, also a rate of
nine-tenths of a mill on the dollar on Middlesex proper, producing

* Tho amount of debentures paid In 1804 was |flO; in 18(K, Sl.l.mK; in 1880. $24,540 ; while
the amount to be paid out of tbe taxes of 1807 wnn $:M,UOO. agitreKutintc $04,02'.'. In 1802 tliere
were $4,700 paid on debeutures; in 1803, $10,100; and in 1867, and to November 20, 1808,
$25,200, niuliine the true total $80,072.

1, 1865..

1,1865,.

1, 1867*.
June 3(1, 1874,.
Aug. 1, 1874..
Sept. 1, 1874..
Oct. 1, 1874..
Aug. 31, 1877...
Oct. 1, 1877..
June 30, 1878..
June 30, 1879..
Dec. 18, 1879...
Dec. 31, 1879..,
Dec. 31, 1879..
Dec. 31,1879..
June 1, 1880...
June 23,1881.,
Oct. 1,1881..
Julv 1, 1882..
Sept. 20, 1882..
Mar. ;;l, 1883..

1883
1884
1884
1884
1885
1885
1885
1885
1885
1887
1888
1888
1888
1888
1890
1890
1891
1893
1895
1895
1896
1897
1897
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 627

$26,554.06. The above rates liave been struck on the equalization of
18S6. The following are the amounts to be levied in each nuinici-
l)ality as certified by 1). A. Gillies, chairman of finance committee,
and the equalized value as certified by J. T. Coughlin, chairman of
the equalization committee : —

MUNICIPALITY. TAX LEVY. EQ. VALUE. ACRE.

Adelaide $ 4,502 19 $1,788,760 i$40

('iiradoc 4,446 81 1,780,736 28

Delaware 2,.S75 55 044,925 40

Dorchester 5,3;!0 (14 2,113,780 40

EkfiW 4,62!) 13 1,833,628 34

I'obo r),;)88 38 2,392,010 50

London 13,673 4(i 5,468,288 54

Metcalfe 3,223 68 1,281),125 35

Mosa ;>,,244 17 1,301,822 27

Nissouri West 6,:;26 63 2,528,125 50

We.^^tniinster 0,304 96 3,759,386 57

WiUiams East 4,027 12 1,615,64:! 41

Williams West 2,951 17 1,182,428 33

^^trathroy 1,697 00 67.8,798 —

I'arkhill 578 25 225,000 —

London West 5(12 50 231,299

Glencoe ;^41 06 130,425 —

Newbury 178 66 71,465 —

Wardsville 15121 60,483 —

Ailsa Craig 230 39 92,155 —

Lnoivn 236 46 147,790 —

jVlcUillivray 4,484 20 2,707,528 41

I^»iJuIph 2,712 64 1,695,403 42

The value of farm lands in the county in 1887 was S37,33<,»,r.l9,
or ^^9.29 per acre, being $1.29 less than the average value in 1886,'
and $1.36 less than the average value for the six yirecediug years.

The value of farm buildings in 1887 was $9,694,804, or an average
per acre of $12.80, being forty-seven cents less than the average of
1886, but forty-three cents above the average of the six preceding
years.

Farm implements were valued at $2,435,064, or $3.21 per acre,
being two cents per acre over the average for the six preceding years,'
including the high average of 1886.

Live stock were valued at $5,94:!,] 74, being below the values of
1886. The average value to the acre in 1887 was $7.85, while in
till' former year the figures were $8.32, However, the general average
for the six years, including 1887, was $7.72.

The total value of farm lands, buildings, implements and live
stm;k was $55,412,841, or $73.15 ]m' acre, being fifty-eight cents less
than the average value per acre for the six years, including 1887.

628

HISTORY OF THE

The valno of all field crops produced in 1887 was i?;\955,;i40, or
an averaf^c of Sl;'>.41) per acre, against .'!>14:.9() per acre in 1H8(J, and an
average of SIO.OS \>cv acre for the six years, inclnding 18iS7.

Tlie cost of growing cro])s in 1S87 in this district maybe estimated
as follows: — Fall wheat, !?18.1(); value of product, S17..")7; spring
wheat, i^lootj; value f)f product, S15.61 ; barley, i^lG.oS; value of
product, 817.78; oats, SI 5.71 ; value of jn'oduct, 815.84; peas, 816.13;
value of product, 812.09; corn, 821.89; value of product, 825.62;
j)otatoe.s, 828.88; value of ])roduct, 845.41 ; turnip.s, S;!3.4l ; value of
product, 841.27. The estimate for each crop includes expenditures
for the following items: — Plowing, cultivating, etc., barnyard manure,
manure applied jireviously, seed, sowing or drilling, after fitting or
cultivation, cutting and ])utting in barn, threshing, marketing, wear
of implements, rent, taxes and insiu'ance. In estimating the fer-
tilizers, only the pro-rata value of manure to one year's crop is consid-
ered — its value to futm-e crops is uut calculated. The cost al.so includes
takiiig it to the usual market p'ace, and the Value of the product is
based on the price there received.

The number of working horses in the county in 1887 was l.'},200 ;
of breeding marcs, 5,417 ; and of unbroken horses, 8,1G9 — or 26,780
horses, being over the average of four previous years.

The number of cattle was 107,408 — 47 working oxen, 34,4:55
milch cows, ;i0,:)03 store cattle over two years, and 42,(i23 voung
cattle. The total in 1883 was 104,803 ; increased in 1886 to 117,397.

Tlie number of slice]) in 1887 was 46,005 — a great decrease from
18S3, when there were 81,563. In 1884 there were 72,194; in 1885,
61,468, and in 1886, 52,192. The annual decrease, as may be seen,
is very marked.

The number of hogs in 1887 was 38,557, while in 1883, the num-
ber rejjorted was 42,941. In 1885 there were only 35,147, being
4,250 less than 1.S84, and 4,730 less than in 1886.

Poultry numbered 319,395 fowls in 1887, against 269,904 in 1883.
Of the first number 25,692 were turkeys, 17,600 geese, and 27' 197
other fowls.

The yield of coarse wool was 132,234 lbs, from 21,079 fleeces, or
6.27 lbs. per fleece. The average for six years (1882-7) was only
5.94 lbs. per fleece.

The fine wool yield was 26,544 lbs. from 4,655 fleeces, or 5.70 lbs.
per fleece, tiie average for the six years being 5.58 lbs. In 1882 the
total clip weighed 301,953 lbs. Tlie total value of wool was 835,090,
or 81.36 per fleece.

Middle.?ex yielded in 1887, 1,151,99;! bu.shels of fall wheat, or six-
teen bushels per acre, while in 1886 the yield was 22.2 bushels, or a
greater yield in 1886 from 64,948 acres than from 71,820 acres in
1887. The average yield of fall wheat (1882-7) was 20.04 bushels,
while the average yield of spring wheat for the six years was 15.01
bushels ; although in 1887, 7,439 acres yielded only 57,355 bushels,
or 7.7 bu.shels per acre.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

629

The averapc yield of oats for 18S2-7 was 3,809 bushels, includin"
the yield of ;;2.5 per each of the 72,30!) acres planted in 1887. "

The average yield of barley for the six years was twenty-six bush-
els, including the yield of 22.5 per acre in 1887. when 13,884 acres
were under seed.

The average yield of rye from 1882 to 1887 was 17.01 bushels.
Ill 1887, 535 acres gave 7.758 bushels, or an average of 14.05.

Peas yielded 19.04 bushels for the years 1882-7, but in the latter
year only 17.01 bushels, or 466,454 to 27,294 acres.

The corn yield for the six years, including 1887, was (w.Od bush-
els; but i),130 acres, yielding 457,048 in 1887, averaged only 50.01
bushels.

Buckwheat yielded 17.07 bushels per acre for the six years ; but
in 1887 only 11 04, or 8,812 to 773 acres.

Beans yielded an average of 18.50 per acre from 1882 to 1887, in-
clusive; but 165 acres in 1887 gave only 2,035 bushels, or 12.03
bushels per acre.

The average yield of hay and clover for the six vears was 1.52
tons per acre ; but in 1887, 82,900 acres yielded only 108,599, or 1.31
tons per acre.

The average yield of potatoes for six years, including 1887, was
103.09 bushels. In 1887, 4,890 acres yielded only 305,576, or an
average of 62 5.

iViaiigelwiirzels yielded 415.02 bushels per acre for the years
1882-7 ; but in the latter year the average dropped to 288.2, or 400,-
365 bushels to 1,389 acres.

The average yield of carrots was 310.04 for each of the six years ;
but dropped to 220.8 in 1887, or 94,515 from 428 acres.

Turnips averaged 361.01 bushels for the six years ; but in 1887,
1,644 acres yielded only 459,219, or 279.03 bu.shels per acre.

The acreage under crop in 1882 was 307,688; in 1883, 309,9'^5 •
in 1884, 285,139; in 1885, 305.922; in 1886, 298,447; and in 1887,
294,600, the latter being an average of 57.03 of all cleared land ;
while for the six years the average was 60.8.

The average salary paid male farm help in 1887 was SI 59, with
board, and S245 without board. The pay per month was $16.81 and
S29.92, respectively. Tlie average for the six years ending Januarv
1888, was $167 with, and $25 1 without, board.

Female help received $6.22 per month, with board, in 1887. The
average for the five previous years was $1.57 per week, with board.

There is a marked falling oil in the rate of wages paid to laborers
in 1887 from the average for the last six years, and there is, on the
whole, a slight reduction from tlie figures for 1886, The average
wages paid in the case of yearly engagements, with board, is $159 per
annum for the present year, and in monthly engagements, which api
principally to the summer months, the rate of $16.91 per month, wii
board, is paid. During the harvest, wages generally ran at from $1 to

630

IIlSTOllY OF THE

$1.25 per day, or $'20 by tln^ inontli, for sliort terms. For eiij»a£^ment3
covering six moiitlis of tliu suiniiu'r about !?16 per inoiilii was the
usual rate for a laborer of average ability anil exjierienco. The highest
rates are ])ai(l in the northern di.stricts, jn'obably owing to the fact that
these localities are nearer than othei'.s to the lumber region, and to rail-
ways in process of construction, where the demand for laVwr is greater.

Although the introduction of im])roved machineiy, and the (hdlncss
in lumbering operations, and in the constr'.iction of jmblic works, have
le.sulted in reihieing the co.st of labor in farm managiJinent, there is as
yet no solution of the domestic servant problem on the farm. Cor-
res])ondents com]ilain that servants girls are scarce, and cannot be
induced to remain, owing to the greater attractions that are otfered
them in cities and towns. Many (jf the remarks are far fu m conij)li-
mentary to the girls ; but these latter might be able to give evidence
which would tend to throw more light on this question of the general
scarcity of female help in the (Janadian farm-house. A chapter on
Canadian farm lif(!, writtiiu by the farmer's wife, daughter or hired
girl, might possibly show why many of the last-named prefer the town
or city to the toiling and moiling of the rural kitchen, the dairy and
the barnyard. Immigrant girls that are l)rought out to the farms soon
tind their way to the towns as a rule, and refuse service in the
country. The average monthly rate of wages for the jirovince to
servant girls for 18fs7 is SG.Oo, and the average weekly rate for the
five years, 1882-(3, is )i>1.52.

The cheese factories of the county in 1887 are as follows : —

rows.siiii'.
Adelaide . .

liiddulph . .
Caradou . . .

LOCATION.

I'O.ST OFFK^E.

Delaware . . .
Dorchester N

Ekirid .
London

Metcalfe .

. Adelaide IliisKell Smith Kcyser.

Kcrwood ■himes Heckton Kerwooil.

Mud Creek 11. J. Coulton S|iritiKbauk.

Victoria John L. Fuller VVatford.

.Cedar Vale Michael IJlaku Sec , .Klj;iiitield.

North Middlesex (JeorKe \V. Fox Sec. . . Lucaii.

.Curadoc W. E. Sawyer Sec. ..Mt. Hrydges.

Mt. Carniel D. Leitch Stratlitoy.

Wuncey Koad Samuel Price Sec. . . . Muucey.

. Delaware William Field Sec. . . . Delaware.

.,|{urnside S. Harr Sec. . .Mossley.

Dorchester Station Tobias Eckhardt Dorchester Sta.

Gladstone .1. 15. Lane Treas. . do.

(jore James Smith Cramj)ton.

Harrietsville Francis Kunz Sec. . Harrietsville.

Thames I. A. .James . . .Chcesemaker. .Nilestown.

. .Appin lames McFie Treas. .Api)in.

Mayfair .lames (J. Begp Melbourne.

.Devizes Union R. Elliott Cheesemakor. . Plover Mills.

Geary John Geary Prop. . Loudon.

MeIro.se David Sells Fergu.son.

North Branch A.J. Kernohan Sec. ..The Grove.

Proof Line John H. Muir Sec. . .Arva.

Union Hill R. H. Harding Sec. . .Thorndalo.

.Napier John Hutton Sec, ..Napier.

Sifton's William Sifton Strathroy.

Wilson's Francis Wilson do.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

631

JOWNHHIP. LOCATION. „WNKU. roKT OFFICE.

*■'""* f: ""r":;; "'''^""' W^I-'arlane Sec. . .Olencoc.

„. .,„ \J,or(l8villu W. Atkinson Sec. Ward-sville

Ni8hounW.,..Nins.mrian(ll?lanchar(l..I'crgiiH MoMastor.... Soc St Warvs "

Cherry Hill. Hope Wel,,stor ■...■; ■Tha>ne8fo;d.

w» • . Nissoim West William L.e Sec. . .Thormlalo.

V e«tmin8tcr.. c n.ont. ^ . . . George McKellar Sec. . . IJelniont

I?plmont Rranch Henry Shotr. jo

i^'*»rQ;"'' V ?.V?,';?y ^- ^""tl' ■ • ." . Olanworth.

{""• ^'i";'' J" "' McDo.igall Sec. . , I'on.l Mills.

-ivif w ., , » '°''" H. Hurnard Sec. , . Wl.ite Oak.

^^ •"'»'"■•' W.,.Rol, Roy ■William Dickson Sec, ..Parkhill.

In 18S7 thevo were 51,610,887 pounds of milk uswl in those
diocso factories, and 4,803,998 jMiunds of cheese i.roduced. the value
beino .s.,01 824.1 ;5. The weight of Mi.ldlesex milk required to make
one pound of cheese was 10.74 Ihs., and the market value of cheese
per lUO 11^ was .§10.45. The factories are kept open generally from
May 1 to November 8. ' t s j

The creamery butter made in the factories of the county was 12-
180 lbs., valued at §2,801.40.

In 1S87, 34 colonies of bees were reported. 1,525 were put into
wniter qimrters in 1886. and 1,777 in the fall of 1887. The product
was 3,S27 li)s. comb honey, 30,635 lbs. extracted honev, and 385 lbs
wax ; all valued at $3,878.48.

The average prices j)aid in the London market for the closing half
year of the six years ending Jan. 1, 1888, are as follows :— Fall wheat
76 cents; spring wheat, 75; barley, 40.6; oats, 32.9; rye, 51.9; peas'
ft2.4 ; corn in ear, 29 ; buckwheat, 45.5 ; potatoes, 70.05 ; carrots 22 5 '
turnip, 25.7 ; hay per ton $10.69 ; wool ])er lb, 22.5c. ' ' '

In 1851 there were in the town of London 1,017 occupied houses
and m the county 5,159 houses. The religious denominations were
represented as follows :— Adventists, 5 ; Baptists, 3,268 in county, and
onn? ^"'"^0"; Christian.s, 87, and 50 in London; Church of EiK-land
8,094, and 2,201 in London; Catholics. 2,277, and 1,17!) in London-
Congi-egationalists, 199, and 144 in London; Lutherans, 31, and 7
in London; British MethodLsts in county, 682; Weslevans 5 809-
Episcopal MethodLsts, 2,265 ; New Connexion, 694 ; Mornioiis 6 •
lresbyterian,s, 3,960; Church of Scotland, 1,645; Free Church 4 447 '
Protestants, 668 ; Quakers, 112; Unitarian.s, 36; Universalist's 275'
other denominations, 450 ; non-denominational, 936.

The i)oi)ulation of the county outside of London was made up as
follows :-3,171 English and Welsh; 3,976 Irish; 4,762 Scotch- 3
natives of French origin ; 18,800 not of French origin ; 387 of Mari-
?i'^o 1°'"'"?'''= ^ Channel Islanders; 22 of other British possessions;
1,652 Americans ; 43 Dutch ; and 4 of other countries.

London town contained 1,334 English and Welsh in 1851 • 1 877
Irish; 712 Scotch; 2 620 native Canadians ; 3 Channel l.slanders- 43
natives of other British possessions ; 394 Americans ; and 24 of o'ther
countries.

682

HISTOUY OK TUB

Of the toliil ])opnliitit)n of U]ii)or Ciiniula in 1851 — l)r)2,004 — them
were KiT.G'Ju Catholics, tlu; reiiiivinder lioloiiijiiig to tlu; rrotustant
creeds, excejit about 4'J,U0O, who did not jirofess any faith. In I,ower
Canada, of a total jio])uIation of 8',)(),li()l, no less than 74ti,S(;(; bo.
lon<;cd to the (.'atliolic Cliurch, and the remainder to the several Pro-
testant creeds, except 4,!) 11, who did not profess any faith, and twelve
Mormons.

Pojndation, hSlSl. — The population of the county by race in ISIJl
shows o(),702 Kiif^lish speakinjj, and 77 French-spoakin;,', natives of
Canada; 5,54o Scotch ; 5.175 English and Wtdsh ; 4,721 Irish; 1,X4I
Americans; 224 Nova Scotians and natives of Prince Kdward Island;
115 New Prunswickers ; 21 natives of Newfoundland ; l(i of the West
Indies; 4 of the East Indies; 16S Germans; 12 French; 2 Italians;
5 Spaniards; 2 Swedes ; 1 Pole; 17 Swiss; 15 Chaiuiel Islanders; and
21 of other countries. Included in above were :!12 nep'oes and 1,182
Indians. Of the latter, ()4:^ resided in Caradoc; 531 i;i Delaware; 2
in London ; and in Westminster.

The religious bodies claimed the followiiig rej)rosentation in IHGl :
— Protestant Episcopal ChiU'ch, 11909; Catholic, 4,045; Church of
Scotland, :i,8H7 ; Free Church of Scotland, (i,074; United Presbyter-
ians, 3,l;U ; Wesleyan Methodists, 7,819 ; Episcojial Methodists. o,522 ;
New Connexion Methodists, 1,201 ; other Metluxlists, 554 ; Baptists,
3,851; Lutherans, 70; Congregationalists, 90 ; ti)uakers, 1 65 ; Pible
Christians, 1 35 ; Christians, 43 ; Second Adventists, 37 ; Protestants,
107; Disciples, 191 ; Mennonites and Tunkers, 24 ; IJniversa'ists, 95 ;
Unitarians, 5; no creed, l,2(i0 ; other creeds, 571. The figures for
London in the above order are 3,452 ; 2,071 ; 73(1 ; ()(S4; 232 ; 1,453;

209; 395; 211; 515; 19; 145; 5;40; 12 ; 149 ; 1,057; ; 3;

1 ; 38 ; 5 ; ; 80 ; 44.

There were, in 18G1, 5,930 occujuers of lands in Middlesex, of
•whom 314 were owners of 10 acres and less, 178 of between 10 and
20 acres, 1,469 of between 20 and 50 acres, 2.993 of between 50 and
100 acres, 815 of between 100 and 200, and 161 of over 200 acres.

Of the 521,353 acres held, 233,672 were under cultivation, and
287,681 wood and wild lands. The ctish value of farms was $13,261,-
174; of farming im])lements, S440.371; of produce of gardens and
orchards, §67,167. Five thousand seven hundred and twenty acres
of fall wheat produced 76,282 bushels, while 53,211 acres of spring
wheat produced 1,046,096 bushels ; 3,663 acres of barley produced
96,731 bushels; 274 acres of rye, 3,625 bushels; 23,613 acres of peas,
529,984 bushels ; 29,800 acres of oats, 941,192 bushels; 1,731 acres
of buckwheat, 30,42 1 bushels; 2,683 acres of corn, 65,410 bushels;
6,811 acres of potatoes, 640,201 bushels ; 4,966 acres of turni])s,
1,369,309 bushels ; caiTots, 56,044 bushels ; 39 acres of mangel wur-
zel, 14,187 bushels; beans, 1 ,474 bushels ; clover, timothy and other
seeds, 1,872 bushels; hay, 39,188 tons; hops, 31,216 pounds; maple
sugar, 498,627 pounds; cider, 57,960 gallons; wool, 211,973 pounds ;

£L

COUMY nV MIIUiLKSKX.

63.1

fliiniifl, 74,1(10 yanls; flax iiiid hcmi), 7,'^-\^ poiiiuls; linen, 2(10 yards ;
ImttiT, 1,(181,80.") jKMinds; chfi-.s', 70,100 pounds; beef in L'OO lb.
barrels, L',r)r)7 biiiTcIs ; pork, ll.',")r)7 bnnvls; drii'd fisli, .")") ([uintiils;
fish in biUTcls, (iO barrels; sold fresh, 07 ll)s.; bulls, oxen and steers,
■'i,505; milch cows, lO.OliO; calves and heifers, 134,.jOI ; horses over
three years old, 1 l,0.-)0, valued at S7.">"»,o'Jli ; colts and fdlies, 4,075 ;
shee]), o2,110li ; jiigs, 4L',(i4S. The total value of live stock was placed
at j? 1, 770,094.

At tiiis time (1861) there wtsre G'.)5 brick, nine stone, and 1,386
frame buil(lin<,'s in the city, with two I'rotestant Episcopal church
buildin<is, one Catholic, one Clnirch of Scotland, one Free Church of
Scotland, one Wesleyan IMethodist, one Episcojial Methodist, one IJaj)-
tist and one Conf,'reji^atioiialist. The population com|)rised L',185
Enj^lish and Welsh, 2,140 Irish, 009 Scotch, 0,110 En«^lish-speaking
natives, seventy-seven Krench-siieakinj^ natives, 719 Americans, seventy
natives of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, twenty-threo of
New Brunswick, twenty-ei^'ht of Newfoundland, nineteen West
Indians, five East Indians, seventy-eight Germans and Dutch, twenty-
six Fnnich, one Italian, four S[)aniards, seven Swedes, one Pole, two
Swiss, rO'teen ( 'hannel Islanders, and two from other countries. In-
cluded in the above were thirty- five colored persons and eight Indians.
There were five residents at sea, and twenty-four unknown.

In the county, in 1S31, were 100 church buildings and London
twenty, or a total of 210, the Bai)tists claiming twenty-ibur, with 4,600
members, 508 being of London City ; the Catholics, twelve, with 9,024
members, 2,700 being of London ; Church of England, forty, with about
22,000 members ; the Methodists, 1-'>H, with 775 members, about
14,000 Wesleyan Methodists, 5,200 Episcojml Methodists, l.oOti Primi-
tive Methodists, 2,208 New Connexion Methodists, 113 British Epis-
copal Methodists; 820 Bible Christians; two Mormons; fifty-nine
pagans; 4,552 Presbyterians, 11,710 (,'aiuidian Presbyterians, 2,169 con-
nected with the Church of Scotland, 062 lleforraed Presbyterians ; 129
Protestants ; 233 Quakers ; forty-two Swedenborgians ; seventy nine
Unitarians ; fifty-seven Universalists ; thirty-six of other denominations ;
474, religion not given, and 124 without creed.

The population by race origin in 1871 was as follows : — English,
28,464; French, 519; negroes, 051; Dutch, 1,077; German, 2,>S«S ;
Indians, 1,278; Scandinavians, forty-nine; Scotch, 20,354; Irish,
26,569 ; Poles, twenty-one ; Italians, one ; Spaniards, twelve ; Swiss,
twenty-eight; Welsh, 510; other countries, seven ; unknown, 163.

The census returns of 1880 by subdivisions, are as follows : —

TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGKS. TOTAL POP. MALKS. HOUSES.

Westminster 7,892 3,978 1,540

Dorchester 4,056 2,093 815

London 9,599 4,920 1,718

London East (village) 3,890 1,949 796

534 III8T0UY OK THE

lOWNSIIlI'S AND VILLAOES. TOTAL I'Ol'.

IVtLM-avillo (villugo) \>f]\

Nissouvi West •y>t>2

Mosa '^-'i'f,

Wardsvillo (villa^.-) J>\^1

Ekfml -^/l-^

Metcalfe 7 y^'i'i

Carmloc ■'•■-fl!

StraUivov (town) -^^i,'

Delaware 2,6/4

Newbury (villa^'o) '>*^

Glencoe (village) »»l

Adelaide j;]f

Williams West -''f-^^

Williams East 2,1;!.)

McGillivray 4,\/8

Lobo 3,0.)2

Ailsa Craif,' (village; »^-

Lucan (village) l'^

Parkhill I'f^

Biddulph ^••>-*^'

MALES. I

tOUSKS.

776

328

1,879
1,372

676
464

260

108

1,612

1,158

583
396

2,684

1,068

1,837
1,352

278

780
548
120

410

156

1.634
1,189
1,075
2.147
1,556
433

564
437
426
761
602
175

488

190

744

307

1,557

532

<i i

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

0:^5

CHAPTER XXXIX.

CiKNEUAI, MISCKLLANY.

Jliddlcscx of to-day. icjoicinf; in the i)ride of lier strnngtli, teemiiiL'
witli wcaltli, aiul ;:^litte)iii{,' in prosijerity's sunlight, wiis, even sixty
years ago, a wildtirncss as unbroken as when the generous Chaniphiin
traversed it early in tlie sevt'ntei^ith century. What prompted the
pioneers to come into tliis land ? Was it that spirit of adventure which
impelled the cavaliers of the olden time to pursue with eaoerness the
phantom of a hope in the East? No! Was it a sense of dutv to
themselves and children ? Partly. The original object of some "was
to find a spot of land where they could rest from the trials and terrors
of the revolution wliich founded the Great ]lei)ublic ; of others to
settle here with the view of propagating north of the St. Lawrence 'the
political principles forever abolished south of that river ; of others the
prime idea was to maintain the privileges of the English Churcli, and,
of all, to build up a northern power which would hold in check the
self-governed citizens of the new liepublic. Amid all of them there
settled men and women who came to better their condition— to buv
cheap lands for a speculation or for a home, Almost all are doad
The men who came to the front and laid the foundations for this imjs-
perous land belonged to a regime which has given place to an enter-
prise which, though greater, is less earnest, because modern Nature
and modern Providence (if we may speak of the world and her ruler
so) aid men's ambitions more thoroughly than in the days of the
grizzled grenadiers of the pioneer army who first made a conquest of
the forest.

Public Schools.— ¥ouT years ago the present Minister of Education
began the work of making all the i)ublic schools in Ontario En-dish
schools. He found that in some sections of the I'rovince wheriTthe
population was largely French, there were schools where 'instruction
was given in the French language. Be eving that this was a state of
ttiings which ought not to exist, he introduced an amendment of the
i)e])artmental regulations which required that—

'■ In French or German schools the authorized readers shall be used
in addition to any text books, in either of the languages aforesaid " '

Urn was the first regulation of the kind ujion the subject, although
the old reports of the Education Office abound with evidence of the
existence of French and German schools in the country, without an
effort being made to Anglicify them, or without a word of fault-findincr
being uttered at their existence. In the old reports are found inspec-
tors again and again referring to French schools in the counties of
1 rescott and liussell, and stating that in some sections of those counties

1 1

63'' HISTORY OF THE

one hears Gaelic and French as frequently as English, as the vernacular
of the jH ople ; atid in the County of Essex re])orts of a like character
were often made to the deiiartinent without elicitiiij,' a word of disap-
proval from those in authority, or from the |joliticiiins who were then
in opposition. Here, for instance, is wliat Theoduh^ (liradcjt, of Essex
County, reported on the schools of the Townsh'j) of Sandwich West in
1S67 :—

"We have ei£,'ht schools in this townsh'p; in two of them only is
English tan<iht. The six others beinji amontr the, French ])opulation,
French is tan<,'ht with the English. All the English hooks used are
authorized. The French hooks are used by the (.'hristian Brothers."

Again in the report of 181)8, Dennis Dowling wrote of the schools
in the Township of Sandwich East, in the same county, as follows : —

"The National .school books are n.sed in all the .schools except in
sections 'J, Ii, 4 and ">, where they use French Canadian hooks, together
with the English National books."

Dr. llyerson docs not appear to have made the first attempt to
check the use of French in the schools, and no man was ])artisan
enough to try to make the matter a ]iolitical ])arty question. The ilis-
crodit of seeking to make it a political question has been reserved for
the "dwindled .sons of little men" in later days.

London South Schools. — The attendance at the London Soutn
schools for March, 1889, was as follows: —

No. on Roll. Aver. Att.

7th DivLsiou 73 63

Oth Division 05 50

oth Division 01 47

4th Divi.sion 69 45

3rd Division 63 48

2nd Division o") 37

1st Division 65 33

Kindergarten 40 25

Total 491 348

The London South Board accepted the tender of A. A. Lind, of
Bruce street, for repairs and alterations to the frame school-lujusn.

Ailsa Cnihj Meclianics' Insti: te. — Tlie oflicers appointed for the
Ailsa Cniig Mechanics' Institute for the vear 18S9-90 were as follows :
President, \h: Stewnrt; vice-president, John McKay ; secretary, Well-
ington Walton; treasurer. Mayor Jlosser; directors, J. T. Owens, John
H. McKay, John H. McDonald, \Vm. Jones, Dr. Gunn, Kev. Mr.
Shore, D.J. White, David Gillies, John Morgan. J. Grant and D.
McKay were ap])oint"d auditors.

Art '•Jiool Annual Meeting. — The twelfth aimual moetin,,' of the
Western School of Art was held at the school, Mechanics' In.stitute, i'l
the spring of 18S9. The following were present: — Colonel John

m !

COUNTY OF Mn)DLESi;X.

(537

Walker (presidont), Messrs. Jtimes GrifTitlis, Frank Leonard, George
Macbetli, J. 11. Peel and J. H. Griffiths (secretary). (Jolonel Walker
S])()kii of the snccess attending the school dnrino; the past year. Al-
though the Govei'innent gi'ant had been rednced, there was no decrease
in the financial standing of the school. It was ho])ed that the qualit}'
of work shown Ijy the school would induce the Goveriunent to increase
the grant from S400 to the former sum, $1,00U. The secretary, J. H.
Griffiths, read the annual report, which showed that twenty-five pupils
had attended during the fall term of 18S8, and thirty-one from January
to March, 1889. An exhibition of the various art schools throughout
the ])rovince being about to lake place in Toronto, the teachers were
directed to make selections of work done by ])upils to exhibit thereat.
The financial statement sho^ved an expenditure of i? 1, 042 36, with a
small balance. Tiie a])poIfitment of directors re.snlted as follows: —
Messrs. F. E. Leonard, Frank Peters, Colonel Walker, .lames Griffiths,
Colonel Lewis, James Cowan, W. U. Meredith, George Durand, Thos.
Tracy, W. C. L. Gill, W. Bowman, John Marshall, Talbot Miicbeth, E.
T. Essery, .1. K. Peel, ,). TL Griffiths. Messrs. Griffiths and J. R. Peel
were re-elected teachers ; J. S. Dewai', auditor ; (Colonel Walker,
president ; James Griffiths, first vice-])resident ; TalDot Macbeth, second
vice-president ; J. H. Grithths, secretary-treasiu'er.

Agncidtural and Arts Association. — The Pioard of Directors of
the Provincial Agricultural and Arts Association met at the office of
the Western Fair Association early in 1 889. The following niembei-s
were present: — J. C, Rykert, M. P., president; A. llawlings, vice-
president ; Henry \\'ade, ToroTito, secretary ; 1). A. Macpherson, Lan-
caster ; Ira Morgan, Metcalfe; Joshua Legg, Gananoque ; Robert
Vance, Ida ; J. C. Snell, Fxlmonton ; \j. ¥j. Shipley, Greystead ; Nicho-
las Awrcy, M. P. P., liinbrook; William Dawson, Vittoria; James
Rowand, M. P., Dunblane ; Chas. Drury, M. P. P., Minister of Agri-
culture, Crown Hill ; P. li. Palmer, Pelleville. Allan Hogue, presi-
dent of the jioultry cotnmittee of the Western Fair, a))pearcd before the
Board and made various recommendations regarding prizes for poultry,
€tc.

The offer of the London l^>aseball Association to advertise the exhi-
bition for i?rj on their streamers was accepte<l.

'J'he entire Board, accomjjanied by Mayor Taylor and President
Porte, of the Western I'air Board, inspecteil the exhibition grounds,
examining the maiii edifices and outbuildings, and expressed them-
selves well ]ileased with everything connected therewith.

In the evening the revision of tlie prize list was again proceeded
with, the changes made luring patterned after the Western lists. An
oiler from William Weld to supply a S05 silver service, as a prize for
the best butter ja'odt ;tion from three cows of one breed, was accepted.
John S. Pearce & (Jo.'s oiler of a S2n water pitcher, as a prize for a
swee})stake in me sheep department, was accepted. A discussion on
the merits and demerits of the Indian exhibit resulted in a decision i^

638

HISTOUY OF TllK

i f

retain it, with the exception of tlio fine arts depavtraont. The follow-
ing superintondents of departments were appointed : —

Ladie.s' J)ci)!irtiuent — Miss Street.

Heavy ]\Iachinery and Indiiin — .Foseph Hook.

The director.s of the Western Fair Association were placed njwn
the dillerent Provincial committees as follows: —

Horses — (-'ol. Leys and Aid. Droaney,

Cattle — Messrs. 11. Venning and R. Whetter.

Sheep and Pigs — Messrs. George Douglas and A. R. llowat.

Poultry — Messrs. A. W. Porte and A. J. B. Macdonald.

Implements — Messrs. W. ]\I. Gartshort; and W. K. Hobbs.

Fine Arts — Col. Lewis, Mijssrs. J. W. Little and T. H. Maish.

Horticultural Products — Messrs. W. Y. Brunton and A. i\L Smart.

Agricultural Products — Mr. I). Mackenzie and Aid. O'Meara.

JJairy Products — Messrs. J. S Pearce and A. J. B. Macdonald.

Indian — Mr. Allen Bogue, Aldermen Garratt and Wyatt.

A request for a grant to the Shorthorn herd-book was laid on the
table. A projiosal to send the secretary to the lioyal Agricultural
Exhibition, at the association's expense, was voted down.

AyncuUural Sprimj Shoiv.—'l'he spring show of 1889 of the
West Middlesex Agricultural Society was held at Strathroy, and was
the most successful ever held under their aus])ices. The number of
entries in all classes was very large, while the attendance of farmers
and others was equally large, sliowing that the farmers of the county
are taking if deep interest in stock raising. The trot in the roadster
class was close, the race being won by Prangley's Little Wonder,
Kalph & Koache's Verus second, and McLurg's Chester third. The
judges, however, gave first ])rize to Chester, second to Verus, and third
to Little Wonder, on account of superority in points as roadster sires.

Scott Ad Repeal. — Following are the majorities in the Scott Act
repeal in Leeds and Grenville : —

Against Vox

rrpi'ul. rRjioal.

Brockville 38(i

Prescott -l-li)

Ganano(]ue 83

I tear of Yonge and Kscott Ill

Kitley Towtisliip 1()3

North Crosby 94

Bastard and Burgrss 39

Newboro' 8

Cardinal 23

Kemptville 2o

Merrickville . 10

South Crosby 77

Elizabethtown 12ri

Wolford Townshi]) 4")

Edwardsburg Townshif) i>

North Augusta 100

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

63!>

An Old Resident Gone. — Hiram Purely died at his late residence,
St. Marys, oii April 22, ajred 60 years. Mr. I'urdy was a resident of
East Nissouri over forty years, where he not only built himself a fine
home, but also a good character. As a boy he was honest and trust-
worthy, and as a man active and useful, and an exem])lary church
member and father in principle. ITe was a staunch Keformer. Ten
years ago he removed to the town of St. Marys, whence ho has been
called, leaving a beautiful home, an affectionate wife, one daughter and
three sons to mourn his death.

Sale of Fair Ground Lots. — '!"he sale of lots on the old fair
ground by the London Trust, in the spring of 1889, drew a large
attendance. Ten lots altogether were sold, the others being withdrawn,
as the otlers did not not come up to the i)rice placed on them by the
Trust. The following are the names of the purchasers and the price.s
obtained per foot :— -

On Wellington stu^et —

No. ,")',), II. S. Holmes *?14

No. (iO, G. F. Ryder 14

On Central avenue-
No. 65, John McMUlan 31

No. GO, Mr.s. Maria KUiotl 24

No. 67, Mrs. Maria Elliott 2:'.

No. 68, Edwin Paul 20

No. 69, A. A. P.ooker 20

No. 70, Frank P>. Friend 19

On Waterloo street — •

No. 80, Thomas A. Browne 14

No. 84, E. C. Dodd 13

The total amount realized was ji59,36.5.82. So far for lots on the
exhibition grounds the Trust have received §60,634.13. There yet
remain to be sold eight lots on Central avenue and one on Richmond
street. The jirices realizcnl from lots sold privately have been higher
than for tho.se sold by auction.

This Year's Assessment Roll. — The following is a recapitulation of
the assessment roll for 1889 as compiled by Assessment Commissioner
Grant : —

WariU. u-.. " Wanl.'i. Ward 1. Ward ii. Total.

Population 1,483 .""..IS-i G,147 r>,820 5,15t 26,786

27i> 427 in .filti HOI 2,'027

7;)
00

GO
00
25
75
50
00

/'5

.lurors.

Ileal property

Personal § 90(1,100

Taxable income.^ 4;i0,()8.'j

Statute labor. ..$ 481!

Hog.s 12()

Cattle 1

Hogs

Horiies .... ISO

Chililren(5to21) 1,0,'i,'')

Steam boilers. .. 2(1

NoM resiJenta . . 5(i

S;i,0l7,2,''.0 .?2,9(iO,6:!,5 $1,«!)0.227 .«!2,000,;!ir. |!!1,2.';S,(;S,'-) .SlO.ilOli. 1 12

$ .-)0',),40O ^

li)!),().'-.0 S

22,7.-.0

111,000 i

1,743,200

S 4;!5,.'').')0 s

43,. '•.!)() S

17,900

■^,S00 $

969 W2^,

i? r.ss J

322 «;

270

ir.o ,■?

1,822

23;)

1!M)

321

•)0i)

1,101

l.l

.-i9
21

142
24

173

204

1 20

20S

897

l,2(>i)

I.itfil

1,074

1,037

7,596

1!(

;)

114

384

G4i)

IIISTOUY OF THE

Liquor Licenses — The City license Commissioners, Messrs. John
McCkry, 1). Eo<i;an and ( Jeorj^o j\I. Keid, met in tlie secretary's office,
in the Albert lilock, in thvi sjirint,' of 1S8 \ for the purpose of consider-
ing ap])lications for licenses to sell spirituous liquors for the coming
year. The petitions of all the temperance jieojile, askin<,| for a reduc-
tion in the number of licenses usually <,'ranted, were practically ignored,
for, instead of making a reduction, the Commissioners granted an addi-
tional shoj) license that to Wax. Tytler. The api)lication of Freeman
Hodgins was refused, and the license ludd by him last year was granted
to William Jiernard. IJelow is a complete list of the licenses granted : —

HOTELS.

J. W. Humpidge, north-west corner Dundas and Talbot.

John Kincaid, 723 liichmond.

James A. Itoss, 1007 Dundas, cornei' Egerton.

Thomas TKiswell, 121 King.

Henry ^Valsh, 147-149 King.

James Kallahe, 621-()2:> Dundas.

Charles Cruickshank, south-east corner liichmond and York.

Edwin Tanton, north-west corner Wellington and York.

Jerry McI )onald, «7-S9 Dundas.

James AVestbrook, Co3-0.")5 Dundas.

John Eraser, south-east corner Talbot and King.

H. M. Eyan, north-west corner Clarence and King.

William Avey, north-east corner Dundas and English.

John ilurton, (;82-(;8G Adelaide,

John Tomlinson, 400-402 (Jlarence.

E. M. Hawthorn, 20,3 Dundas.

William C. Drake, 421-42.") Park avenue.

J. r. Evans, 29i) Jtichmond,

J. r>. Land, 522 Kichmond.

Thomas Morkin, 587 liichmond.

J. & J. ]\IcMartin, Dundas and Talbot.

Charles Kennedv, north-wi'st corner Talbot and King.

J. W. Martin, 8y-'.)l King

John Lewis, north-west corner Kichmond and Maple.

M. O'Meara, Clarence and York.

James James, north-west corner liichmond and Fullarton.

Edwai'd Morkin, south east corner Wellington and Dutlerin avenue.

T. S. HodgiiLs, 131 King.

Mrs. M. Elliott, .south-west corner Wellington and Bathurst.

.]. 1). -Icnnings, north-ea.st corner Richmond and King.

Edward Tanton, 077-079 Adc^laido.

11. A. Carrothers, south-west corner Waterloo and Horton.

Louis llisk, southwest corner liichmond and Litchfield.

S. & T. K. Oi'igg, north-east corner liichmond and York.

James Homister, 415 Hamilton road.

iil

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. G41

John Howe, north-wo?t corner Clarence and York.

Mc(iaw & Winnett, Tccuinseh House.

J. C. Grant, 80-.S4 Dundas.

John Horsman, north- west corner Dundas and Wellington.

Alonzo Hall, .south-wesl corner Eidout and King.

Robert Keating, 236 Rectory.

Henry Towell, 1S8 Hamilton Road.

Henry Brinsmcad, corner Wellington and York.

Mr. iM. Taylor, 374 Ridout.

John ]\Ic(iill, north-west corner Talbot and York.

Charles Collett, corner Hamilton lioad and Burwell.

James McDonald, 122 Carling.

Wm. Bernard, north-west corner of Carling and Talbot'.

BEEU AND WINK.
Jonathan Ardiel, 7^5 Simcoe.
J. A. Depolie, 101)7 Frances and Egerton.
Arthur Jeilries, ()0-(,i2 Dundas.
Charles Maker, King and Rectorv.
C. N. Nellis, 577 Hamilton Road"

EXEMPT TAVEKNS.

-lames Smith, 399 Richmond.

David Sare, 378 Kichmond.

I'eter McCann, corner Market Lane and Square.

W. J. Fowler, G. T. R. restaurant.

GUOCEUIES — RETAIL.

John Scandrett, 175i Dundas.
James I )obbin, east side Lyle.

E. B. Smith, 9 Market Sciuare, 125 Dundas.
J. & A. Wilson, 398 Richmond.

John Garvey, loG Dundas.
P. J. Watt, 12 Market Square.

F. McNeil, west side Maitland.
Wm. Connor, King, near Richmond.
J. S. Deacon, 371 Tall)ot.
Somerville & Frederick, 1 12 Talbot.
C. L. Driefer, 747 Wat^'rloo.
Henry Depjier, west side Alma. '
John Orange, 470 Clarence.

Alo.x. McBuaii, 237 Dundas.
Alex. Tytler, 3.S4 Richmond.

GUOCEUIES— WHOLESALE.

F. Adams & Co., 75-97 Dnndas.

The successful ajiplicants were required to pay their fee b (bre
May 3, in order to secure their certificates.

642

HISTOUY OF THK

;

i ' : ■

Western Congrerjational Associdtion, — The semi-annual session
of the Western ('ongrc>^'ationa.l Association coninienced in the school-
room of the Congregational Church, in the sjiring ui 188!). After tlie
o])ening prayer-meeting, led by llev. I). McGregor, GiKilph, the min-
utes of the last semi-annual meeting in Woodstock were read by Kev.
J. K. Unsworth, secretary, and adojited. Tiie ayjjxiinting of commits
tees was left to the chairman, Kev. J. Fuller, IJrantford, who ajipointed
them as follows : —

Business ( "ommittee — Eev. R. K. ?)lack, Messrs. J. Kitchie and J.
Brock bank.

Membership Committee — llev. W. Hay, Messrs. Georing and
Randall.

An ai)plication was read for membership from llov. G. T. Carr, of
St. Catharines, which was referred to tlie Membership (,'ommittee.
The secretary called the roll, and tlie following delegates and ministers
were found to have reported :— Mr. 1). I). May, Stratford ; Rev. J. I*.
Gerrie and Mrs. Gen-ie, Stratford; Rev. R. K. Jilack, Sarnia; I!ev, W.
K. Short, Winghan) ; ^Ir. R. Ritchie, Wingham ; Rev. Jas. Webb and
Mrs. Webb, New Duriiam ; Rev. W. H. Claris, Mrs. Burgess, Miss
Silcox, Frome ; Mr Silcox, Sliedden ; Rev. Wm. Hav, Scotland ; Rev.
W. K. Unsworth, ^h. J. Carrie, Mr. J. B. Brockbank, Paris; Rev. G.
Y. Carr and Mrs. Carr, St. Catharines ; Rev. 1). McGregor, Mr. G. H.
Skinner, Guelj)h ; Rev. G. Franklin, Listowel, Ma.ss. ; Wm. Yeigh,
Toronto; Mr. Watson, sr., Mr. and Mrs. Reid, Mr. Masterman, Miss
Cuthbertson, Woodstock ; Rev. G. Fuller, Mr Randall, Brantford ;
Rev. R. Hay, Watford ; Rev. C. H. Whisker, St. Thomas ; Tliomas
Cannom, George Rendell, J. B. Hicks, Mrs. Tajipen and Rev. H. 1).
Hunter, London.

Raihuay Subsidies. — Tiic following railway subsidies were allowed
by the Government in the spring of 1889 : — For a line from Sicamous,
on the C. I'. R., in British Columbia, to Lake Okavagan, .'?1G.">,L'00; the
Cornwall Valley Railway Comjiany, .s:!,'JOO ; the; Lake Temiscamingue
Colonization Piailway Company, 5548,000 ; the Mackinonge & Nipissing
Railway, S4S,000 ; the Kingston, Sniitli's Falls & Ottawa Railway,
SG4,000 ; the South Ontario Pacific Railway Company, 8158,400 ; a
line from St. Ceasare to St. Paul d'Abbottsford, Que.^ SIO.OOO; the
Great Eastern Railway Company, Quebec, .804,000 ; the DruTnmond
(.'ounty Railway Comj'any, 814,400 ; the St. Catharines & Niagara Cen-
tral liailway Company, 804,000 ; the Quebec & Lake St. John Railway,
$64,000; the Grand Trunk, Georgian Bay & Lake Erie Companj',
848,000 ; the Hereford Railway Comjjany, 848,000 ; the Massawippi
Junction Railway Company, 848,000; the Brockville, Westjjort &
Sault St. Marie Railway Company, 864,000 ; Thon.sand Islands Rail-
way Comjtauy, 834,400 ; for a line from Cape Tormente to .Murray
Bay, 864,000 ; the Amlierstburg & Lake Shore Railway Comi)any,
864,000. There was no vigorous discussion on these subsidies, until it
came to the extraordinary proposal regarding the Biiie des Chaleuis

COUNTY OK MI1)DM:SKX.

(]4;!

T^ailway. This road is oiio of those wliicli was known as one of the
princijjal of the (jreat list of jiolitical railways which came to the front
in 18SG and 1887. Sir Kicliard Cartwrioht, Messrs. Laurier, iJavies,
Mills, Casey, McMulloii and others or)])osed the proposition as being
extras r.gant, but the projxisal was allowed to go through.

The Aftylum Imjrrovcments. — The various works which had bc^en
in progit'ss for some time at the Insane Asylum were comi)leted in
May, 1889. A thorough system of fire protection was established, a
large double cylinder steam ])nni]i furnishing the power. Five thou-
sand feet of four and six-inch su])i)ly pipes were laid to all the build-
ings, sixteen hydrants similar to those u.sed in the city being ])laced at
convenient points. New hose and reels with all the necessary appli-
ances were ])urclia.sed fur the otlicials to drill the staff regularly in their
use. 'J"he old kitchen and laundry, which were destroyed by fire, were
rebuilt much larger and better suited for the jiurpose. A fine amuse-
ment hidl was erected over the kitchen. The walls are twenty-two
feet high, which sui)port the roof The ceiling is of wood, moulded. A
large ])latform, eigliteen feet wide, extending the fidl width of the
room, stands at the north end of the hall, over which is a handsome
arch with Corinthian columns, surmounted with carved ca])itals.
There are five wide staircases leading to the hall, which are very im-
portant in case of emergency. The north cottage, which was partly
destroyed by fire on the night of the 2()th of January, was restored, and
now shows no signs of the scorching it received. The works were car-
ried on by the Public Works Department, under the superintendence
of J'. O'Byrne, clerk of the works. The fire protection was constructed
by Crycr & Co., the remainder of the work being done by John
Purdom.

Masonic. — At a meeting of the London Sovereign Chapter of Iio.se
Croix, A. and A. S. \l., held on the 25tli of April, the following officers
were elected:— P. Pr. J. Callard, 18 ° , M. W. S. ; P. Pr. H. C. Simp-
son, 18 ° , first general ; 1*. Pr. J as. Douglas, 18 ^ , second general; P.
Pr. J. S. Niven, 18 ° , prelate ; P. Pr, J.'^S, Dewar, 18 ° , raphael ; 111.
Bro. A. W. Porte, :!2 => , treasurer ; 111. Bro. Jas. Priddis, .S2 "= , regis-
trar; P. Pr. Alexander Irvine, 18°, grand ho.spitaler; 111. P.ro. (J. N.
Spencer, 32°, grand marshal; P. Pr. A. 0. Jeffrey, 18°, grand
almoner ; P. Pr. J. D. Sharman, 18 ° , grand M. of C. ; 1*. Pr. T. H.
Carling, 18 ° , grand captain of guard; P. Pr. H. P. Kennedy, 18°,
grand organist ; III. Bros. John McBetli, 23 ° , C. B. Hunt, 32 ° P
Pr. F. W. Lilley, 18 ° , grand stewards ; P. Pr. F. J. Hood, 18 ° , guard.

Amalgamation of' London South. — At a meeting of the joint
City and London South Anuilgamation Comnuttee in the spriu'^ of
1889, there were present Aid. Chas. Taylor (chairman), Aid. W. Joiies,
Aid. Joshua Garrett, Mayor 'I'aylor, City Auditor Jewell, Secretary
Kingston, Deputy-Keeve Pritchett, John Marshall, Col. Leys, p]. K.
Cameron, Thomas Alexander, Philip McKenzie and J. A. Thomas.
Mayor Taylor opened the proceedings by pointing out the mutual

(i44

HISTORY OF XllK

adviintiiges to be <i;;iine(l by ainal<j;iiinatiii<,' Loiiilon Soutli iiiid tlic city.
Mr. AlexaiuU'r said thc! coimuittca! liad Ixieii a]iii(iiiiti;(l out of courti.'sy
to the city. Tlicy woulil ruceivo the city's oiler and report it to the
lieophMif London South. Unless it was favorable lie did not thiidv it
would be entertained. The l^ondon South representatives expre.ssed
themselves as willing to pay a share of the expenses of the police, fire
and waterworks departments, also the City Hospital. They were
o])posi'd to assuming,' any ])oition of the city's lailroad debt, or for
schools, parks, public halls, etc. The Mayor .said it took eleven mills
on the dollar to jiay the interest on the city debt, lie propo.sed that
the as.sessnient of the city and London South should be conducted on
the same basis ; that the city proper .should pay wliolly six mills out
of the eleven, and that London South .should i)ay her siiare <>( the
reniaininj,' live. The city tt) assume all of the suburb's proportion of
the township and county debts.

Tilt; gentlemen from London South did not think the people over
there wouhl agree to have the assessment raised. If a certain sum
were named for the benefits to be tlerived by London South, and let
the suburb raise it the way the ratepayers thought best, it would be
more .satisfactory.

Mr. Jewell stated upon inquiry that the city debt was Sl,9(i-4,-
523.47. Of this amount SIOOOOO bore interest at seven ])er cent.
The debentures matured as follows: — l,S88 (overdue), SG.oOU ; 1.S89,
$l(i,rjOl); 1890, 334,500; LSOl, $134,500; 18U2, S70,000 ; 1893,
!$G72,(534.',)1) : 1894, S134,8i36.(i6 ; 1895, .-JB.OOO ; 1890, !$219,48G.()0;
1897, S2,000; 1898 §325,035.16; 1901, 82,000; 1902, $43,500;
1903,87,000; 1913,8175,000; 1917,8115,000; total, 81,964,523.47.

Th(! two following i)ropo.sals were then drafted by Messrs. Kingston
and Cameron, to be submitted respectively to the City Council and
the ratepayers of London South : —

" Amalgamation to be etl'ected upon the following terms : —

1. London South to become a ward of the city, assuming all assets
and liabilities of the .same, and to obtain its due share of appropria-
tions for public imiirovements hereafter.

2. Loudon South to be assessed at its assessment of 1889 for the
ten years next succeeding the date of amalgamation ; but all property
hereinafter improved shall be assessed at a ])roportionate increase
thereon, but not to exceed two-thirds of its actual value.

3. Water mains for domestic and fire purposes to be extended
through London South as soon as possible after the special act here-
after mentioned, on such streets as shall be agreed upon, and as shall
adequately protect and provide for the said ward, and extensions to be
made therefrom whenever the Water Commissioners can be shown
that a ten per cent, profit will be received upon the expenditure.

4. The city, as enlarged, to a.ssurae and pay the liabilities to the
county and township of the new ward.

5. Legislation to be obtained to carry out the provisions of this
agieement."

COUNTV OF MIUIJLKSKX.

(>45

Or, amiilg.iinatioii to bo oH'octcd upon tlic following tcnns: —

" 1. Loudon Sontli to hoooiiio ii wunl of tlie city uihiu tlio siunc
basis of iissessniont as obtains in tlio city, but to have a fixod redur^-
tion of six mills oil' the annual rate for tlio ten years next succeeding
amal<iaination.

C:lauses .'!, 4 and f) of the first ]iro[iosul to U\ the saiue."

Law Cand'uhiks.—'nw, following' candidates in I8S1» jjassed the
Law Society's examinations at Toronto for certificate of fitness as
solicitors:—!, S. H. Bradford; 2, A. (1. Ihownin-^; ;!, \V. (Ireene; 4,
K.J. W. McLauj,'hlin ; a, .L II, ALicdonald ; 6, II. Cronyn; l,\i\\
McNeil; 8,E. AL Lake ; 'J, A. Henderson, F. J. Koche, and (J. Swabey
(equal); 12, J, B. Incas ; 13, H. Harvov ; 14, li. A. AlcCulloch ; If.,
J. R Edgar; l(i, W. C. Fitzgerald ; 17, W. IL Irving, and J. J. Poole
(equal); 11), 11. 11. Hall, and W. Ii. Welton (eiiual) ; 21, A. M. Mac-
donnell; 22, J. A. AIcLeau ; 2;;, G. J. Siuith ; 24, T. A. Wardell ; 2.".,
S. li. Wright (without oral), and W. L. Ueal (witli oral).

Canal Compar'wons. — The Duluth (,'haniber of Commerce lias
collected figures which show the relative business dor.e over the Suez
and Sault Ste. Marie canals. It is devclojied that in 1870, the first
year of the opening of the Suez Canal, 48(j vessels jiassed through it,
with a net tonnage of 4:-)"), 911 tons, and the receijits from tolls "were
6,387,204 francs, or 81,277,440. Ten years later, in 1880, 2,020
vessels passed, with a tonnage of 3,057,421 ton.s, and receipts of ^13,-
265,875.

The St. Mary's Falls Canal was o])ened June 18, 1855, having been
built by the State of Michigan at a cost of about §1,000,000. It i.s'lree to
all vessels luivigating the great lakes. There is no record of tlie number
of vessel passages, or of the freight toimage, earlier than 18()4. During
that year there were 1,411 vessel })assage.s, with a regisUired tonnage
of 571,438 tons ; but in the year 1870 (the year of the opening of the
Suez Canal), the niuuber of vessel passages was 1,828, with a registered
tonnage of 690,820 ton.s, as against 48G vessel ])assages and 435,illl
tons through the Suez. In 1880 the vessel pab.Mig(!s <jf the St. Mary's
Falls Canal were 3,503, with a registered tonnage of 1,734,890 tons, as
against 2,026 vessels and 3,059,421 tons by the Suez. Not until the
year 1880 did the Government of the United States take possession of
the Canal and keep systematic records of its commerce.

During the year 1881 the number of vessel jjassages was 4,004,
with a toiniage of 2,092,757 tons. In the year 1888 Uie number of
vessel jassages bad increased to 7,314, while the actual freight ton-
nage passing through the canal was 6,411,423 tons, .ai amoimt only
224,411 tons less tiian that of the Suez Canal. But the showing for
the daily tonnage of the two canals is most remarkable. The Suez
Canal is open 365 days in the year ; the St. Mary's Falls Canal in
1888 was open for business only 212 days. The daily tonnage of tlie
Suez Canal averaged 18,194 tons, while that of the St. Maiy's Falls
Canal was 30,242 tons. At the rate of increase in the business of the

646

IIISTOIIY OK TIIK

St Miiry's TiilLs ("aiuil, lu'xl, yvnv will witness by fiir the greater ajjij^ro-
gate loiiiia^c in the latter than in the Suez.

The daily tannage ol' the St Mary's Falls ("anal in 188(), was 18,-
S'.V.) tons, while in 1.SS8, two years later, it had been increased, as
above statcul, to ;iO,"242 tons. Tiie value uf the freight ]iassing through
the St. Mary's Falls Canal in INSS was .Sr..vr:;,472.i;i fin 1881),
.SOD.OoO.OTlV.lf) ; in 1887, .S7i),0o 1,757.78, and in 18MS it was in round
numbers al)out S82,00(l,000. Had the United Slates iniiio.scd tlie
same tonnage tax last year on the business of the St. Mary's Falls
(Janal, as the Suez Coini)any iniiKised uiiun its trallic, the amount
would liav(f reached over !?l.">,il()U,OH(), a sum at least three times as
great as the total co.st of the work up to the present time.

Jmjxirts. — The statement of imports into ('anada, exclusive of
]iriti.sh Columbia, during March .shows a total of S'.',74G,2:i2 and duty
of !*2,2ijf,,()0r), against 5?7,;!Sr),42l and l$l,7."i7,0iS'.J in the ju-evious
month, showing an increase of :J2,: ) 6(1,8(1 1 in value and of §548,971! in
duty. The free goods entei'ed in March were valued at Sl,7o2,2r)8
against §2,47'.t,tJU'.l in February, a decrea.se of 8727,351. Manufac-
tures of silk show an increased im])ortatioii in March over the ju'evious
month of SS7,U17, and sugars show an increase of S221),()UV). The
total amount of coin and bullion im])orted during March was S(J7,442
against 82(1, 589 for February, an increase of 840,853. The total
amount of gooils entered for consumption for the nine months ending
March ol.sl, 1889, was 878,24(),110, and the duties to 817,151,022, as
compared with 873,054,443 and 815,957,753 in the same period last
year.

!!■

COUNTY OF MIItDLKSEX.

047

CHAITKK XL

MISCELLANY.

Boavil of Tradc.—nMi lumuiil meeting of the Board of Trade was
lield in the spnn- of I.SS9. Present— Messrs. John Canii)bell fDresi-
dei.t in the chair), .). W. Little, T. JI. Mar.sh, John Murshall, Thomas
/ f^;. ■ • '"-'''^'"- ^'- ''^'^'''"- •'■ S- I'f'ira!, r. Pocock, George M
Keid, iAIajor tJartsh.m-, T. S. Jlobbs, .1. JJhuid, Ed. Cleghorn, Geor.'e
l.urn.s, Moses Musuret, J. Tanton, T. JI. Parker, C. W. Leonard, S. ¥
Glass, -J. Houston, James Cowan and J. A. Nelles, secretary.

A communication was read from Mr. Houston, of the Canadian
Pacitic Jlailroad, giving notice of a reduction in rates from Montreal on
iron harilware and grocers' sui)j>lie.s.

Mr. ]lobbs said that the railway committee of the Board had met
the representatives of the Canadian Pacific Railway and secured a
reduction. Mr. Hyman had gone to Arontreal and .secured a promise
ot lurther reductions. The Michigan Central liad of their own accord
reduced the rates to Amherstburg west, and further reductions on the
whole line were being considered.

John Marshall reported that the committee on new premises had
met with great success, and had a guarantee of over iJSOO beyond the
regular subscriptions towards securing the new premises in the (Jaiia-
dian Savings & Loan Society, in the building which they were now
initting up. He considered they had a sufficient guarantee, and if
the meeting was willing they would clo.se for the rooms, and would
turnish them with suitable furniture and literature. The matter was
left in the hands of the committee.

Alex. Stevens and J. H. Glass were duly balloted for and elected
members of the Board.

The secretary submitted the financial statement for the year as
follows : —

Receipts —

On hand April 30, 188S ^ 41g 5^

Sundries 2'~2 '"•'

Members' fees, '.'.... 4;-i5

-^. , '^^^^^ S1,0L>1 23

Disbursements —

J^"*- •••" , S 224 00

Secretary s salary jOq qq

Sundries ^rj »,-

Balance 622 48

'lotal 81,024 23

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HISTORY OF THE

Assets —

Balance on hand SG22 48

Kent from commercial travellers 33 34

Members' fees unpaid 167 50

Total «823 32

Liabilities —
Kent due Masonic Temple Company $58 08

Balance due 8705 24

The following gentlemen were nominated for membership: — By
Mr. Marshall ,— S. Munro, li. C. Macfie, N. Reid, N. S. Williams ; by
Mr. Pearce, — George A. Somerville, D. VV. Blackwell ; by Mr. Cleg-
horn, — Albert Leighorn ; by Mr. Marsh, — George White, John
Ferguson, Aid. John Callard, W. F. Bullen, W. A. Hipsey, A. E.
Hourd, J. E. Keenleyside, T. H. Carling and John Wolfe.

Vice-president T. H. Marsh was elected president for the ensuing
year. He thanked the members for the honor conferred, and promised
to do all in his power to forward the interests of the Board. Mr.
Masuret was elected vice-president, and suitably replied, warning the
memljers against permitting French aggression. J. A. Nelles was
re-elected secretary-treasurer. Messrs. Campbell, Hobbs, Bland and
Little were nominated a committee to strike standing committees.
They recommended as follows : —

Council — John Labatt, W. R. Hobbs, J. W. Little, R. Lewis, John
Marshall, John Bland, G. S. Binell, C. Leonard, W. J. Reid, C. S.
Hyman and T. R. Parker.

Board of Arbitration — John McClary, J. S. Pearce, D. Regan, L.
H. Ingram, John Campbell, A. M. Smart, James Slater, W. A. Gunn,
R. C. Struthers, T. H. Smallman, R. Reid, jr., and E. A. Cleghorn.

Western Fair Delegates — T. H. Marsh, J. Campbell, Col. Lewis,
W. J. Reid. J. W. Little, W. R. Hobbs and John Bland.

Board of Examiners — James Slater, J. D. Saunby, J. S. Pearce, C.
B. Hunt and J. Tanton. Adopted.

T. A. Brown was appointed auditor.

It was oi-dered that the Railway Committee communicate with the
Canadian Pacific Railway in reference to the location of the divisional
shops in London.

Women's Chtnstian Aaaociation. — The annual meeting of the
Women's Christian Association was held in the spring of 1889, in the
Aged Women's Home ; the members present being : — Mesdames
Carfrae, Roger, Kent, Hopkins, Murray, Dobie, Gibson, Reid, Cox,
Rogers, Fysh, Fraser, G. M. Reid, Burns, Ward, Glass, Perrin, PatuUo,
Chisholm, VanBrockdorf, B. A. Mitchell, Ware, H. V. Taylor, Misses
Kennedy, Moore, Ware, and Mr. C. F. Complin. The secretary's
report, in reviewing the past year said : — " A feeling of deep gratitude

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

649

to God fills oTir hearts for the success which has attended our efforts,
for the well-kung of our homes, for relief afforded to the needj', and
for any good that has been accomplished." At the last annual meeting
six adults were in the Women's liefuge, twenty-five have been admit-
ted since, and seven now remain. The association can testify to no
little benefit to society from the reformation of more than one iimiate.
Nine infants were in the refuge at the last annual meeting ; since
admitted, fifty-three ; now in the home, ten. The report goes on to
show the operations of the association during the year, which inc;lude
a very wide range of charities. Its members visit all kinds of suffer-
ings brought to tluiir notice, and very few in the city escape them.
They give relief when needed, investigate each case carefully, and use
a wise discretion as almoners of the funds intrusted to them by the
charitably disposed. In addition to this they conduct the Aged
Women's Home, the Home for Old Men, and the Refuge, visit the
]irisoners at the jail and try to reclaim them by kind influences and
religious exercises. They also do good work at the Hospital, and the
patients there have reason to bo grateful for much that has been done
to alleviate the tedium of illness, through the influence of the Women's
Christian Association. In fact the usefulness of the society is only
limited by the modest means at its command, and cases are known
where ladies in its ranks have given more than they could justly
afford, to aid some cases of destitution for which no other funds were
available. There is, doubtless, a great deal of ill-bestowed charity, and
if those who are in the habit of bestowing gifts ujton the needy with-
out careful inquiry would make the Women's Christian Association
their almoner, they would do twice as much good with half as much
outlay.

Mrs. Pemn, the treasurer, reported receipts of S4, 19 1.50 for the
year; disbursements, 8:5,9 IH.71 ; balance on hand, 8272.74. The
building fund now amounts to S664.6."», The officers were then
elected as follows : — President, Mrs. Carfrae ; vice-presidents, Mrs.
Rogers and Mra. I'eto ; secretary, Mrs. Patullo ; assistant secretary,
Miss Keneally ; treasurer, Mrs. Perrin.

Donations were acknowledged for the month of April as follows : —

Aged Women's Home — Stockings, from Mi-s. Carfrae ; preserves,
Mrs. Gibson ; tea, per Mrs. Ho]jkins ; apples and milk, Mrs. Glass ;
buns, Mrs. McGuire ; onions, Mrs. Carfrae ; magazines, Mrs. Hewitt ;
bread, Inspector Bell ; clothing, Mr.s. Burns; milk, Mrs. Winen; rice,
Mrs. Mitcliell.

Old Men's Home — A friend, four ams salmon, one box stove j)olish,
can baking jwwder, two barrels of jwtatoes, one bushel of apples ; Mr.
Cjimberlidge, twenty-five pounds of flour ; a friend, pajiers ; Knox
Church Ladies' Aid, cakes, etc.; Mrs. Stabler, one bottle catsup ; Mr.
Macklin, papers ; Mr. Mitcheltree, two baskets meat ; Mr. Murdock,
vegetables every Friday ; friend, Ixwks ; Mr. Perrin, boxes biscuits ;
Mrs. Sherlock, bottle catsup.

050

HISTORY OF THK

Knvjhts of the Maccabees, Etc, — A Tent oi" tlie Knights of the
Maccabees was instituted in I'arkhill in the spring of 1889, by Mr.

D. Hebner, who had been working there for a C()Ui)le of weeks. Thi-
Maccabees is a sort of mutual insurance association, which is worked
so economically that the members' risks are carried at a very low rate.
The headquarUirs of the organization is in Port Huron, and the mem-
tership is increasing at an astonishing rate. 'Jhe new lodge is named
Jianuer Tent, and starts witli sixteen members. Tlie following officers
were installed by W. L. Wilson, D. S. C. :— Sir Kt. P. C, Thos.
Grundy; Sir Kt. C, Erastus Miller; Sir Kt. Lt. C, I. Cobleigh; Sir
Kt. K. K., F. D. McLeod ; Sir Kt. F. K., A. Camj)bell ; Sir Kt. Pre.,

E. J. Phippen ; Sir Kt. Phy., Dr. Piper ; Sir Kt. Serg., Jas. Anderson ;
Sir Kt. M. at A., D. W. llumohr ; Sir Kt. 1st M. of the G., G. Simp-
son; Sir Kt. 2nd M. of the G. A. Aitkins; Sir Kt. Sen., Mr. McKen-
zie ; Sir Kt. Sic, 0. Jennings.

The average age of deceased members of the Ancient Order United
Workmen for the last year was forty-four years. Applications for
^0,910,000 were received during 1888 ; of this amount 8366,000 wa.s
refused. The medical examination, since it has been remodeled, i.s
much more strict than formerly,

Piccadilly Lodge. — A new lodge of the Sons of England Benevo-
lent Society was instituted early in 1889, for the northern part of
London, called Piccadilly Lodge, No. 88, to which about thirty names
were handed in. The lodge was dedicated by the Supreme Grand
Secretary, John W. Carter, of 'I'oronto ; assisted by H. J. Carter, Dis-
trict Deputy, London ; T. H. Jones, D. D., St. Thomas, and members
of the city lodges. The first officers of the new lodge were : — Presi-
dent, H. Wheeler ; vice-president, W. E. Hiscott ; past-president,

Thorne.

Court Defiance. — At a regular meeting of Court Defiance, No. 7,
Canadian Order of Foresters, held in 1889, the following officers were
installed by E. A. Keed, D. D. H. G. R. ; assisted by K. McElheran, H.
M. ; Jas. McCormick, H. V.; J. W, Thompson, H. 8.; Jas. Logic, H.
T. :— C. K., C. Taylor ; V. C, T. C. Howell ; K. S., J. W. Fletcher;

F. S , Thos. Burridge ; T., Jas. H. Ferguson ; S. B., Terrance Heeney ;
J. B, A. Isaac; S. W., R. S. Walker; Chap., Geo. Harper; Physician,
Dr. Samuel Payne. The installing officer complimented the court
upon the very prominent position they occupy, being the leading court
of the west; a good balance on hand, and a membership of 138 ; send-
ing five representatives to the High Court, to be held in London in
June, 1889. E. A. Reed, Geo, Harper, A. Cave, T. A. Atkin.son, C.
Walker, P, C. R.'s, being the ones elected,

London Lodge of Perfection. — The inauguration of London Lodge
of Perfection 14 ° , under the warnint of the Supreme Council of the
A. & A. S, Rite, took place at the Masonic Temple in the spring of
liSSO, a fair representation of members being on hand. Under the
former arrangement, the Tiodge of Perfection was a subsidiary body of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

651

the Eose Croix Chapter. In the fall of 1888, at the request of the
Supreme Council, the powers held by tlie Chapter in respect of the
Lodge of Perfection were surrendered, and a warrant was issued in
February, 1889, all the members of the Rose Croix Chapter beinc' named
as charter members. P. P. J. D. Sharman, 18 ° , presided. After the
prehmmaries had been finally settled and agreed upon, the following

18 •=> , ex-G. Almoner ; 111. Bro. A. W. Porte, .'{2 => , ex-G. Treasurer •
P. Pr. A. 0. Jetlery, 18 ^ , ex-G. SecreUary ; Frank W. Lilley, 18 °
ex-G. M. of C. ; F. J. Hood, 18 ° , G. Tyler ; Alex. Irvine, 18 ° , G.
Expert ; Bros. A. E. Cooper, Asst-G. Expert ; J. Siddons, 14 ° G C
of H. ; T. Brock, 14 ° , and J. C. Heeler, 14 ° , Stewards.

Verses.— The following clever verses possess no little poetic merit.
They were written by a young gentleman of Loudon :—

CANADIAN plowman's SONG.*

Soho ! ray good steeds, soho !

The reign of the frost-king is over.
And Nature's last token of snow,

Has vanished from wheat-field and clover ;
And she calleth foi me and for you.

Out from our idle hours —
Out, where the meadow-lands through.

Are waiting the April showers.

Then let us be up and away.

Through the lanes and over the bridges,
To the fields, at the dawn of day.

And plow out our furrows and ridges.
The gloom of the coming night

May be touching our lives already ;
Let us work while our hearts are light —

Let us work while our hands are steady.

Away ! over stubble and sod.

Over the fallow-ground, turning
The soil to the sunshine of God,

To bask in its life-giving burning ;
Over the grasses, impearled

With brilliants of i)eerless creating :
Shall we stop when a hungry world

For the golden harvest is waiting ?

*Wril1oii fi)r llie Adrritlmr.

652 msTOKY OK the

O speed ye, my bonnie brave steeds !

\\hiit care we for sun or for weather ?
If ours be inglorious deeds,

We will share them unhonored together.
Let others their brothers' blood shed,

That their names may be written in story ;
If we give to earth's perishing bread,

O what do we eaie for her glory !

We laugh at her jnaise and her blame.

While our birthright is honest endeavor ;
The palm of our merited name.

We will yield to no pride wliatsoever.
Our realm is as wide as the zones.

We scorn all distinctions and stations ;
We labor for kings on their thrones,

And the humblest-born of the nations.

Then onward, haste onwai'd, good steeds!

Let us turn o'er the sod and the stubble ;
While we walk where the furrow-path leads,

Let us think not of sorrow and trouble.
O the smell of the upturning soil

Is the fragrance that lightens our labor;—
But what do we care for the toil.

When we call all humanity " Neighbor."

Sam. Gkeenwood.
London South, April 8, 1889.

The lAberal-Cunso'vatives. — The amnial meeting of the City Con-
servative Association was held in London in the spring of lcS89, in the
Masonic Temple rooms. Ex- Mayor Hodgens presided, and among
those present were Messrs. If. Uayly, Q. C, A. W. Poite, John Christie,
James Priddis, W. J. Reid, C. L. Briefer, B. W. Greer, S. Ruse, C.
Colerick, Aid. Taylor, W. do Ray Williams, D. J. Batznei-, L. O. Law-
i-ason, E. W. M. Flock, R. M. Graham, J. Sainsbury, R. Pritchard, R.
A. Bayly, F. P. Blackwell, John I'ritchard, R. Sainsbury, Wilson
Owens, W. Coles, J. P. Moore, G. E. Sayers, T. H. Shoebottom, Samuel
Turner, Peter Toll, L. Haylock, W. J. Thompson, R. A. Graham, Geo.
Freeman, F. J. Hood, Harry Slater, .]. W. McLintoek, Bert Moore,
George Hodder, George Carrutliers, G. Mortimore, R. Carruthers, J.
Fleming and others.

The business of the evening was the election of ollicers and the
organization of ward committees to i)r(!pare the voters' lists under the
Manhood SuH'rage Act i)assed by tlie Ontario Government. The
meeting was botli harmonious and enthusiastic, and the business was
transacted in an earnest and energetic manner, that augured well for
the standing of the party in London.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 653

The following officers were elected : — President, T. D. Hodgens ;
vice-presidents, J. A. Cousins, K \V. Greer and A. B. Powell ; secre-
tary-treasm-er, John Arnold. Ward committees were also elected to
look after the new lists. R. Bayly, Q. C, Aid. Taylor, John Christie
and others spoke in regard to the necessity of looking after the voters'
lists and maintaining a perfect organization for the next Provincial
election.

London West Schools.— The April (1889) report of the schools of
London West was as follows : —

On Roll. D'lyAv.

IstDiv., W. H. Liddicoat 48 ;)9

2nd " Miss E. Douglass , 45 42

3rd " Miss C. A. Jeffery 58 51

4th " MissAdaPlatt <t6 70

5th " Miss J. P. Gordon 70 37

Total 317 239

Non-residents, 17 on roll ; 16, daily avemge.

Typographical Union. — London Typogmphical Union, with a full
attendance of members, early in 1889, elected the following officers
for the year :— President, A. E. White ; vice-president, Chas. Ruse ;
financial secretary, Frank Plant (third term) ; treasurer, Ed. Fleming ;
sergeant-at-arras, F. Gee ; recording secretary, J. Element ; board of
directors, W. Lyttle, H. McPherson, F. Gee, H. Housen, E. Fleming ;
delegates to Trades and Labor Council, W. Lyttle, A. Marshall, H. Mc-
Lean, J. B. Anderson, Wm. Joanes.

Glencoe Mechanics' Institute. — The officers of the Glencoe Me-
chanics' Institute elected for 1889, were as follows: — President, L
Rathburn ; vice-president. Dr. Lumley ; secretary, S. Ranton ; treas-
urer, G. M. HaiTison; librarian, J, E. Roome ; lecturer. Rev. D.
Currie, B. D. ; associate lecturer, G. D. Wilson, B. A. ; directors, J. M.
Tait, G. D. Wilson, E. 0. Swaisland, W. J. French, W. S. Rogers, A.
Stuart, R. Coad, S. Ranton, H. C. Dixon ; auditor, D. Stuart.

Stmthroy Board of Trade. — The Strathroy Board of Trade was
organized in 1889 under the following officers : — President, C. Griste ;
vice-president, L. Dam pier; secretary, Frank Evans; treasurer, W. T.
Smith, and Messrs. Dewar, J. Gillies, J. Barry, F. W. Meek, J. W.
Mitchell, D. M. Cameron, and W. H. Murray, councillors. Geo.
Richardson was appointed auditor.

Bank Statement — The Bank of Montreal statement for the year
ending April 30, 1889, was as follows :— Balance of profit and loss
account, April 30— For 1889, $690,L'41.52 ; for 1888, .^(]()5,743.34.
Profits for the year ending April 30, 1889, after deducting charges of
management and making provisions for all bad and doubtful debts,
!ilil,377, 176.01 ; for 1888, $1,284,501.17— total for 1889, 32,067,417.53 ;
for 1888, $1,890,241.52. Dividend of 5 per cent, paid December, 1888,
>|!600,00(); dividend of 5 per cent, payable June, 1889, $600,000.

6r»-4

HISTOHY OF THE

Amount reserved for bauk buildings in course of construction, $50,000
— total, 81,250,000, Balance of profit and loss carried forward, S817,-
417.53.

Repeal of the Scott Act. — Returning Officer Wm. St,anley and
Clerk W. Porte completed the official count of the ballots polled in the
vote in the County of Middlesex on the Canada Temperance Act, at
the City Hall, and gave the raai.rity for repeal as 2,538. Following
are the official figures by muni( palities : —

TOWNSHIPS.

M--p*»ty- ZZl. the Act. A^tt. Si:

Adelaide 235 143 92

Biddulph 407 57 350

Caradoc 397 140 257

Dorchester North 303 188 115

Delaware 135 85 40

Ekfrid 269 129 140

London 683 454 229

Lobo 159 238 ... 79

McGillivray 348 205 143

Metcalfe 179 64 115

Mosa 170 09 101

NissouriWest 158 232 ... 74

Westminster 542 451 91

WilUamsEast 127 112 15

Williams West 115 58 57

Totals 4,227 2,625 1,745 153

TOWNS AND VILLAGES.

Ailsa Craig 74 25 59

Glencoe 98 35 73

London East 295 78 217

London West 159 57 102

Lucan 127 8 119

Newbury 54 9 44

Strathroy 343 90 253

Parkhill 114 39 75

Wardsville 40 16 24

1,304 357 966

Total vote polled 8,513

Total vote against the Act 5,531

Total vote for the Act 2,982

Total majority against the Act 2,711

Oood Templars. — At the meeting of Rescue Lodge, No. 11, of the
I. 0. G. T., in the spring of 1889, the following officers were installed

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

r,55

for the ensuing term by George Harj^er, L. D., as Grand Cliief Templar,
assisted by Mr. Hardy, of Lifeboat Lodge, No. 8, Toronto, as Grand
Marshal:— F. H. Wright, C.T.; Nellie Telfer, R.H.S.; Alice Watson,
L. H. S. ; Emma (Jroves, V. T. ; Al. Hodgins, recording secretary ;
Carrie Wright, assistant secretary ; Minnie Galpin, financial secretary ;
Harry Hearaan, treasurer; Mary Men-itt, chaplain; Fred. Groves,
marshal; Lizzie Merritt, deputy marshal; Lizzie Drew, guard; T.
Copeland, sentinel ; J. Bryan, P. C. T. This lodge added fourteen new
members to its list during the spring quarter of 1889. A very pleasing
incident of this meeting was the presentation of prizes to the three
members bringing in the most members during the quarter.

656

HISTORY OF THE

CHAPTER XLI.

SUNDRY HISTOKICAL NOTKS.

Early Hems. — It may not be generally known that elk once made
this part of what is now known as Soutliern Ontario their home ; but
the exact date when they did so can hardly be arrived at. The earliest
settlers who came in, about 1820 or before, give no account of having
ever seen any. But there is positive proof that these fine deer once
roamed along the flats of our own Bear ( "reek. In the fall of 1887,
Jno. R. Thompson, whilst doing some work on his laud on the flats of
the creek above the mill jtond, uncovered a well preserved specimen of
an elk's horn. It is now in the possession of L. H. Smith, and may
be seen by any person taking an interest iu natural history affecting
this part of the country. It is impossible to say its age, but consider-
ing that it was covered with several inches of vegetable earth, perhajis
it is safe to say it was nioie than a hundred years since it adorned the
head of the noble buck. Another horn was dug up on that part of
Victoria street, south of the Maitland street school-house, at the time
that part of the street was ditched.

While some men were engaged in removing a large oak tree on
the route of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, on the farm of Mr. Henry
Edwards, I-ot 10, Con. '1, Lobo, early in 1880, they came across some
three or four skeletons buried directly under where the tree had stood.
The tree is supposed to be 150 years old, being but little larger now
than when Mr. Edwards took possession, nearly fifty years ago. A
number of flint arrowheads and other articles were also found at the
same plfice.

A immber of human bones, consisting of a skull and other parts,
were taken from a cut on the Canadian Pacific Railroad lately, near
Newbury. The remains are said to be those of an Indian who was
buried there about thirty years ago.

Small Tmvns. — Glen Oak had a population of thirty in 1888. L.
J. Hixon was postmaster and general dealer, while Joe Whitker had a
boot and shoe store.

Ettrick claimed in 1888 a population of sixty. A. J. Thompson
was postmaster and saw-mill proprietor, while Wm. Fuller also owned
a .<iaw-niill at that point.

The post-office at Crampton was opened in June, 1882, with A.
Fleming, master.

Glendale's population in 1888 was thirty-five. A. Baughart was
postmaster and hotel-keeper ; John Eagan's hotel, L. Howard's meat
market and C. Perkins's blacksmith shop made up the settlement.

The new post-office of Crampton was established in 1888. The
population is placed at thirty-five. James Smith's cheese -factory and

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

657

Alex. Fleming's blacksmith shop form the villa<?e. The latter is {wst-
inaster.

Fergusou was credited in 1888 with a population of 100. Leslie
Romey kept the post-office, Andrew Ferguson and John McRoberts
the general stoies, David Sells the cheese-factory, Mrs. Woolway the
hotel, and E. Colver the livery.

Postmasters of ISSS (no Towns). — J. H. Shoebottom, IJallyraote ;
Arch. McLeod, Bornish ; T. A. Westcott, Cairngorm ; Thomas Hall,
Calder ; Wm. Masson, Cherry Grove ; John Sands, Crathie ; John
Rielly, Glenwillow ; A. J. Thirlwall, Greystead.

Westnmistev Toivnship Presbytenan Church. — What is known
as the North Westminster Presbyterian congregation was organized in
1854. The church then was a log building. A frame was put up
which served its day ; now it is a brick with a school-room added to
it. It was built in 1880, at a cost of about !?6,000, including school-
room. The original members who signed the i)etition which asked for
organization are as follows : — Francis Nichol, sr., Jenet Nichol, Francis
Nicliol, jr., Mary Nichol, James Rae, Janet Rae, John Nichol, Bar-
bara Nichol, John K. Elliott, David Jackson, John Elliott, John Elliott,
Jennet Elliott, Thomas Fleming, Elizabeth Fleming, John Elliott, Mrs.
John Elliott, James Thomson, Elizabeth Thomson, Robert Nichol, Mrs.
Robert Nichol, John Fan-is, Mrs. John Farris, Thomas Grieve, Robert
Fleming, James Ireland, Arthur Baty, Mrs. Arthur Baty, Elliott Grieve,
Elizabeth Grieve, John Riddel, Robert Baty, William Fleming, Thos.
Nichol, Mrs. Grieve, William Duguid, Jean Dugnid, William Beattie,
Janet Beattie, Edward Beattie, Agnes Stewart, Helen Kirkpatrick, Mrs.
Fleming, sr., Mrs. Fleming, jr., Thos. Armstrong, Agnes Armstrong,
Helen Scott, Elizabeth Rose, Mrs. Drummond, Isabella Oliver, Mar-
garet Beattie, Elizabeth Nichol, Azor Jackson, Andrew Dodds, Mar-
garet Dodds, Margaret Bell, Jane Fleming, Christian Fleming, Anne
Beattie, Jane Govenlock, Christina Fleming, Andrew Rae, Catherine
Rae, Humphrey Elliott, Margaret Elliott, Mrs. J. Ireland, Sarah
Wilson, Andrew Beattie, John Scott. Elliott Grieve, Thos. Baty, and
Robert Fleming, elders. Their fhst pastor was the Rev. Wm. Inglis.
Their present one is the Rev. E. H. Sawers ; session clerk, John H.
Elliott ; chairman of congi'egation, Thos. Baty ; secretary, James Elliott ;
chairman of committee of management, .lohn Lawson ; secretary, Adam
Nichol ; superintendent of Sabbath school, Elliott Grieve.

Strathroy Spnng Fair of .1,S',S9. — Although the weather was
threatening, horsemen from all sections of the county poured into
town, bringing along the finest specimens of horseflesh. The stable
accommodation was taxed to its utmost limit, and early in the morn-
ing the owner of a valuable horse had reason to be thankful for even
an open stall in which to tie his animal. At nine o'clock the .secretary,
Mr. Greenaway, began receiving entries at Griffith's Hotel, and froni that
hour until twelve o'clock he was kept busy. When the hour arrived
for closing, the entries numbered seventy-eight, as follows : — Blood,

t;r)8

HISTOUY OF THE

aged, three ; cairiago, nged, eight ; can-iage, three years old, two ; road,
aged, six ; road, three years ohl, four; draught, imported, four ; dmuglit,
imported, three years old, one ; agricultural, aged, two ; agricultural,
three years old, four ; general purpose, aged, seven ; general purpose,
three years old, four ; diplomas, thirty-three.

Ahout noon the weather cleared off, and large crowds wended their
way to the show ground, and by one o'clock the work of exhibiting
and judging the animals was entered into.

Considerable interest was manifested in the trotting race for road
horses. The race was close, Prangley's Little Wonder winning both
heats, with Ralph & Roach's Verus a close second, and McLurg's Ches-
ter third. Speed, however, was not the only ])oint to be considered,
and when all were counted up, the judges just reversed the order of
things, and awaixled the first prize to Chester, second to Verus and
third to Little Wonder. Other matters of interest will be found in the
prize list, as follows : —

Blood — 1st prize and diploma, J. B. Martyn, Raulagh II. : 2n(i
prize, Frank Cook, Speculum Junior.

Carriage — 1st prize and diploma, Cameron & Dewar, Yorkshire
Lad ; 2nd prize, Alfred Cuddy, Harkaway ; 3rd prize, J. B. Gough,
Joe Gales Junior.

Carriage, three years old — 1st prize and diploma, David James,
John E. Ryskyk ; 2nd prize, J. L Hill, Royal George.

Road — 1st prize and diploma, Henry McLurg, Chester; 2nd prize,
Ralph & Roach, Verus ; 3rd prize, J. W. Prangley, Little Wonder.

Road, three years old — Lst prize, Wm. Bishop, Seaforth ; 2nd prize,
A. H. Kittredge, Tony T.

Judges— Alex. Cameron and Geo. Smith,

Draught, imported — 1st prize and diploma, Paul and Charlton,
Baron II., Drumbanrig ; 2nd prize, Robert Alexander, Highland Laddie ;
3rd prize, Kingston & Sharpe, Clark Maxwell.

Draught, imported, three years old — 1st prize, E, W. & G. Charl-
ton, St. Regulus.

Agricultural — 1st prize, Thos. fJrapp, King John ; 2ud prize, Ronald
Cowan, ex-Boy in Blue.

Agricultural, three years old. — First prize and diploma, James A.
McArthur, Glengary Junior; second prize, Wm. Stevenson, Young
Silver Pure ; third prize, Robert Atterson, Pride of Life.

General Purpose. — First prize and diploma^ Richard Briggs, Young
Douglas ; second prize, John W. Shipley, French Sovereign ; third
prize. Denning & McLean, Lord Nelson.

General Purpose, three years old. — First prize, D. Campbell,
Glenelg ; second prize, John McVicar, Sir Thomas.

Judges — R. Craig, Robert Walker, Joseph Moore.

Machinery Notes. — The display of agricultural machinery on the
market square was unus)ially fine, and the agents were kept busy all
day showing the merits of their machinery. Mr. A. S. Deavitt, of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. (If)'.)

Strathroy, had a very larj,'o oxliibit, rupresontiiig A. Harris, Son & (Jo.,
of Brantford, with binders and mowers, and Wisner, Son and Co, with
drills, cultivators and hay rakes. Besides the.so, Mr. Deavitt had an
assortment of Copp Bros.' (Hamilton) plows and harrows, and harrows
from the Eaj^le Sulky-Harrow Company, of Brantford.

The Sarnia Manufacturing; Company was rein-osented by Mr. J.
Goodison in person. His steam threshin<j; machine in full runnin<,'
order attracted much attention, and deservedly so. He also had
several mowing machines, altogether making a very creditable display.

The local agent of the Massey Manufacturing Company, of To-
ronto, had an excellent display of binders and mo\»'ers ; also the Coltart
and Scott seed drills.

Mr. I'eter Ferguson, of Strathroy, had a good exhibit of the Max-
well binders and mowers ; also the Forest plows.

Mr. Thomas Bailey was on hand with a fine display of Fleury
plows, both riding and walking, also a gang plow and other machinery
manufactured by the Fleury Company, the whole attracting consider-
able attention.

Noxon Bros., of Ingersoll, were represented by their Coldstream
agent, who had a very good exhibit.

The Thom's Implement Company, of Watford, exhibited binders,
etc.

Statistics. — Mr. J. Huston, the Glencoe assessor, made his return
in the spring of 1889, from which are gleaned the following facts:—
No. of acres assessed, 425* ; total value of real property, ijiil90,650 ;
value of personal property other than income, $11,000 ; taxable income!
82,000; population, 905; male persons from 21 to 50 years, 249;
births in 1S88, 24 ; deaths, 8 ; No. of dogs, 50 ; increase in value of
real property over last year, $4,650.

The following is a statement of the revenue and expense of the
principal post-offices in the Dominion, 1888 :—

KECEIPTS. EXPENSES.

Toronto 8287,000 $101,000

Montreal 246,000 112,000

Winnipeg 57,000 34,000

Halifax 50,000 ;n,00()

London 47,000 30,000

Ottawa 46,000 45,000

St. John, N. B 37,000 39,000

Quebec 36,000 33,000

King.=ton 21,000 15,000

Glencoe Preslnjterlan Church.— The Glencoe Presbyterian Church
Building Committee met in the spring of 1889, at the store of Mc-
Millan & McLean, and accepted the tender of Andrew Clanahan for
the erection of a new church. The tender was $9,300, plans to be
followed in detail, with the exception of the spu-e, which the commit-

600

HISTOKY OF THE

tee did not feel warranted in j^oinf; on with at present with the anionnt
of subscriptions guaranteed. Ho\V(3ver, tlie Ijidies ooncluded to iinder-
talve to raise the extra amount (lii'GOO) required for the spire, so as to
have the buildiiii? complete. The contractor was to furnisli all the
material, witli tlio exception of saiid and brick on the rrround, and the
brick of the two old churches. The work was besuu at once, but tlie
contractor did not bind himself to have the church completed before
IS'.il). The Sunday school room was desi<^ned to seat .'{(lO people, tlie
seating to be taken from the old St. Andrew's Church after the con-
tractor had completed his work.

Garadoc Sprimj Shoiv. — The aimual spring fair of the Caradoc
Agricultural Society in 1889 was held at Mt. IJryilges. The various
classes were well filled, the number of entries being twenty-six, and
exceeding that of any previous show held by the society. The horses
were all well-bred animals, an<l much admired. The attendance was
up to the average, and, no doubt, would have been much larger hail it
uot been for the inclement weather. Messrs. (Jeo. Ballantyne, Ii(jbert
Porter and James Chambers discharged the duties of judges. Follow-
ing is the prize list : —

Stallions. — Heavy Draught, four years old and upwards — N. Nor-
ton's Silver Pure, T. Crap])'s King John.

General Purpose, four years old and ujnvards — C. McKeigan's
Huron Chief, J. W. Shipley's French Sovereign, James McArthur's
Glengary Junior.

General Purpose, three years old — Hughes & Sifton's Hero.

Carriage, four years old and upwards. — Cameron & Dewar's York-
shire Lad, A. Cuddy's Harkaway.

Carriage, three years old — G. V. Burwell's Young Canaiia Southern,

D. James's John E. Kysdyk.

Roadster, four years old and upwards — Charles Kosser's Chepacket,
J. W. Drake's Nimble Ned, A. H. Kittridge's Erie.

Roadster, three years old — A. H. Kittridge's Tony T., J. L. Hill's
Royal George.

Cattle. — Durham bull, one year old — T. Fauld's Acorn.

Items. — At the annual vestry meeting of St. James's (Jhurch,
Parkhill, held on Easter Monday, 1889, the following officers were
appointed : — T, L. Rogera, J. L. Barnum, wardens, re-elected ; R. A.
Rogers, E Sinqison, sidesmen ; R. S. Macalpine, T. Watson, auditors ;

E. M. Bigg, lay delegate ; H. Smart, usher.

A meeting of No. 2 Committee of the Board of Education was held
in the city clerk's office, in London, to consider the plans submitted by
the city engineer for the proposed additions to the Talbot and North
V/aterloo street public schools, and after examining them carefully they
were adopted. The cost of the Talbot street school extension was esti-
mated at $10,000, including furniture and furnaces, and of the Waterloo
street school about $000 less.

Protestant Hovie Boiird, — At a regular meeting of the Protestant

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, 661

Home Board, in Victoria Hall, in 1«<S!), Mrs. Morpliy jiresidiug, Miss
Fowler reported that there were forty-nine children in the Home—
fourteen girls and thirty-Hve boys. The treasurer's statement showed
the recei])ts to be *200.4(i, and the disbursements Siyi.'.94, leaving a
balance of $77.40. A special vote of thanks was passed to the City
Council for their grant of iJoOO, and other donations were acknow-
ledged as follows :— Mr.s. Fowell, cake ; :\Irs. Chapman, buns ; Mrs.
H, A, Smith, eggs, twenty dozen; Mr. Perkins, meat; Mrs. D. A.
Collins, turnips ; Mr. Dell, bread, twenty-one loaves; Mrs. H. Moore,
jar of fruit; Mrs. Shuttleworth, clothing; Mrs. T. R. Parker, throe
dozen boys' collars ; Mr. Beattie, gloves for children ; :\Ir. P. Nichol-
.son, five dozen hats for children.

St. George's Church.— At the vestry meeting of St. George's
Church, London West, in 188!), there were present Kev. G. P. Sa<'e
(rector). Church Wardens J. H. Lings and J. E. Snow, Messrs Jolly
Kingsmill, Gibson, Edmonds, F. Peters, W. W. Fitzgerald, Gahan[
Houghton, Garratt, Ward, D. C. Macdonald and Hardy. During the
year, fifty baptisms, fourteen marriages and nine deaths had taken
place, and twenty-six candidates were confirmed. Receipts duriu"
year, S2,031 04 ; balance, $141.97. The assets were placed at $(;,()27-
.47, and the liabilities at $228, leaving assets over liabilities, $5,7i)',).47.

Mecltanics' Institute. — At the amiual meeting of the trustees of
the Mechanics' Institute in 1889, there were present: — President
Thomas Green, Messrs. Ale.v. Harvey, W. Scarrow, J. .Johnston, A O
Jeffery, T. Macgoey, E. T. Essery, N. T. Wilson, J. Brooks, and H.
Macklin, secretary. The treasurer's annual report was read as follows :

UECEIPTS.

Balance from 1888 $ 21 55

Kent 1,488 50

Members' fees 334 OO

Government grant 242 24

Sundries 73 qO

Total $ 2,169 29

DISBURSEMENTS.

Ontario Investment $ 1,170 00

Salary '376 95

Books. 175 59

Magazines and papers 75 70

Gas 80 20

Taxes 1.37 52

Insumnce 72 00

Coal and wood 33 05

Sundries 53 52

Total s 2,174 53

Leaving a deficit of 15 24

R'iH'

lfll

<)62

HISTOKY OF TllK

ASSETS.

Books and furniture i« S.oOO 00

Building and land 25,000 00

Total S28,r)00 00

LlABlhiriKS.

Mortgage SlS.OOO 00

Making assets over liabilities 10,500 00

The librarian's report showed 3,589 volumes in the library, and
that 4,()o9 had been issued during the year. The present member-
ship was 2(12, a decrease of 3G compared with last year.

Officers were elected as follows : — President, Thos. Green ; first
vice-president, W. ScaiTow ; second vice-president, J. Johnston ; treas-
urer, Alex. Harvey ; corresponding secretary, E. T. Essery ; minute
secretary, J. D. Keenleyside ; directors, (Jolonel Lewis, Colonel Walker,
Chief Roe, Messrs. 11. Hannah, H. Alacklin, J. Brooks, B. W. Greer,
Thos. Macgoey, A. O. Jeffery, and J. D. Keenleyside ; auditors, Robert
Miller and Dr. Ziegler.

The Hospital Trust. — A meeting of the Hospital Trust was held
in the City Hall in 1889, when there were present: — Chairman Ijcwis,
Trustees Gilraour, Purdom, Mayor Taylor and Medical Superintendent
Balfour.

Dr. Balfour reported that seventeen patients h.ad been admitted
since last meeting — ten males, five females and two children. The
number discharged was fifteen — males, eleven, and females, four.
There were then in the Hospital fifty-five patients — twenty-one males,
twenty-eight females and six children.

Dr. Balfour also submitted the following report of the immber of
days* stay of paying patients, and the amount charged, as follows : —

1,129 days at 83.50 per week * 504 50

855 days at $5.00 per week ()84 00

605 days at $6.30 per week 544 50

S1,V93 00

Of this amount 868.40 was not considered collectible.

Masonic. — The following officers were elected in Merrill Lodge,
No. 344, A. F. & A. M., G. R. C, Dorchester Station, May 9, 1889 :—
Dr. Graham, VV. M. ; John Beverly, S. W. ; W. H. Collins, J. W. ; S.
Wilson, chaplain ; Geo. Wade, treasurer ; E. T. Shaw, secretary ; Ly-
man Shaw, tyler,

Strathroy Finance Report. — April 1, 1889. Members present,
Urquhart, Murdock, Smith and Dyas

They recommended payment of the following salaries and accounts :

J. B. Winlow, clerk 830 00

John Mallon, engineer 44 60

M A.J J N iU 'i' K M Pii tl.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

6G5

Geo. Wilson, chief .".7 50

Thos. Whalls, street lighting 10 00

W. H. Annstrong, treasurer o? r)0

Dr. Henderson, physician 30 00

A. Carruthers, disinfectants 4 01

D. Waite, relief 80

Chas. Chapman, binding assessment roll 50

Kichardson Bros., printing 29 25

A. Urquhart, repairing engine house doors 1 00

Y. McCfibbon, coal 3 15

.1. James, relief 3 46

J. 1 ). Meekison, stationery 4 42

A. G. Wright, firemen's boots 17 40

Toronto Rubber Co., nozzles 44 75

14 25

(,"emetery receipts, ^3 ; market, $24.

It was recommended that the sum of .§1,200 be placed to the
credit of the Public School IJnard, as per requisition.

Mechanics' Institute $100 00

Pay sheet, per W. Kichardson 10 47

Criminal Statistics. — The following table from the criminal statis-
tics gives the ratio of criminals per thousand of pojiulation in the cities
and' chief towns of Ontario.

CITIKS AND
TOWNS.

I'OrlT.ATlOS.

OKFF,S(B.S,
TOTAL.

Toronto 126,169 4,943

Hamilton 4.S,9S2 2,377

Ottawa 37,020 1,033

London 20,315 900

Kingston 15,827 474

IJrantford 12.570 487

St. Thcmiis 10,271 279

Guelph 10,195 179

Belleville 10,139 299

Peterborough 8,100 307

Chatham 8,342 176

Windsor 7,608 289

Woodstock 7,533 836

Cmirt Robin Hood. — At the regular meeting of Court Robin Hood,
No. 59, Canadian Order of Foresters, held in April, 1889, the following
officers were elected for the ensuing term : — W. .J. Element, P. C. R. ;
James Ellwood, C. R. ; Sid. Loveless, V. C. R. ; A. Kirkpatrick, record-
ing secretary ; John Mortimore, financial secretary ; John Fleming,
treasurer ; YA. Walton, chaplain ; G. F. Ryder, S. W. ; W. Lillicrap,
J. W. ; M. Connors, S. B. ; Wm. McMurdie. J.B.

RATIO TO
1,000 OF THE
I'Ol'UI.ATION.

39.17
55.17
27.90
34.42
29.94
38.74
27.16
17.55
29.49
35.43
20.97
37.98
44.80

666

HISTOUY OF THE

Railway Land Suhsidici. — Notice was given of the following liuul
subsidies in April, ISS'.I, in aid of railway construction : — To the
North-western Coal & Navigation Co., in addition to former grant,
2,000 acres per mile from Dunmore station, on the Canadian Pacific
Kailroad to hethbridge, a distancj of lO'Ji miles; also to the North-
western Coal & Navigatii(n Co., 6,400 acres for each mile from Leth-
bridge to the International boundary, about fifty miles. To the lied
Dee; Valley Kailroad Co., 6,400 acres per mile from Cheadle station,
Canadian Pacific Kailroad, to its terminus, a distance of about fiu'y live
miles. To the Albei 'a & Great North-western Kailroad Co., 10,000
acies per mile from Calgary to Edmonton, about 210 miles. To t)ie
Alberta & Great North-western Kailrood Co., 10,000 acres per mile
from Calgary to Lethbridge, about 120 miles. To the Qu'Appelle.
Long Lake & Saskatchewan Kailroad, from Long Lake to Prince
Albert, about 240 miles, ('),40>) acres per mile. To the Lake Manitol)a
Kailroad & (Janal Co., 6,000 acres per mile from Portage La Prairie to
the southern bound iry of Lake Manitoba, about seventeen miles.

Church Appointments. — The a])pcintments to Apj)in and Tait's
Corners Presbyterian Churches for two months in the spring of ISfS'.*
were as follows: — April 21, Kev. A. Hudson; Ajiril 28, Kev. E. Mc-
Auley ; May 5, Kev. W. H. Geddes; May 12, Kev. W. A. Stewait;
May 19, Kev. George Yeomans ; May 26, Kev. W. McKay ; June 2,
Mr. Thomas Nattrass (gi-aduate) ; .Tune 0, Kev. A. McKenzie.

Gleneoe Lacrosse Club — At a largely attended meeting held in
LS89, the Gleneoe Oaks Lacrosse (.'lul) was reorganised, and was
officered by the following gentlemen for the season : — J. M, Tait,
president ; I). D. Black, vice-president ; A. ^IcLean, treasurer ; I).
Stuart, secretary ; F. Carter, captain. The committee secured the
grounds ojijiosite the station for the season.

Entomology. — One of the most inviting intellectual retreats in
London is the headquarters of the Entomological Society in the Young
Glen's Christian Association building on Clarence street. The room
])resents to the visitor a strikingly bright and cheerful a})pearance.
The library, from very small beginnings, has grown into a handsome
and valuable collection, containing some hundreds of well bound
volumes treating of subjects in natural history, and especially of the
gi'eat and multiplex family of bugs in their relation to agricultural in-
dustries. The collection of insects also is most interesting to tho.se
who have pursued the study of entomology. It comprises thousands
of specimens gathered not only in home fields, forests and gardens,
but brought from far-oH" countries — all classified and named according
to their order and functions in the course of nature. Ainong the appli-
ances of the society h a fine microscope, costing $500, and a great
variety of objects for examination. All this is the result of the intelli-
gent labor of a few citizens enthusiastic in the study of nature, as ex-
emplified at their " bug meetings," participated in by E. B. Keed, Wra.
Saunders, J. M. Denton and others, aided, of course, by an annual

COUNTY OF iMIUDLESEX.

(i(;7

grant of money from the Ontario Government, and the active co-
operation of other enthnsiastic professors and students in other jjaits
of tlie jirovince. The records of the society, as edited for pubhcation
by E. ]>. lieed, form a large accumulation of vahiable facts and deduc-
tions of practical use to farmer.? and fruit growers ; and the members of
the society are agreeably astonished at the interest which the farmers
of this district are taking in their work, and express special apjmiciatiou
of the favorable interest which the Hon. Mr. Drury, Minister of Agri-
cuHnre. has shown in it.

Old Folks' Concert. — The choir, under tlie direction of Mr. T.
Allen, gave an old folks' concert in the Cnngregational Church in the
spring of 1.S89. The aflair was a success in all respects, and the pro-
gramnie, a highly ajtpropriate one, was rendered with admirable sjiirit.
The costumes were very attractive, and the opening tableau, in which
all appeared, showed up well. The cjist was as follows : — Tyme beater,
Squire Verity, T. Allen ; harpsichordist, Hiram Huckleberry, A. Allen ;
Mehitabel Abigail Speedwell, Miss Allen; Mistress Amaryllis Kose-
mary, Miss C. Freeland; Phyllis Buttercup, Miss Tralford; Charity
Hayseed, Miss E. Emory ; Dorothea Dumpkius, Miss Hargreaves ;
Ruth liosebud, ^liss Stevens ; Barbara Jingles, Miss Pink ; .Alistress
Pluebe Contralti, Miss Rendell ; Damsd Singsong, Miss Wrigliton;
Dame L. AVilloughby, Mrs. Pink ; Miriam Tieccop, Miss K. Greenway ;
Patience Parminter, Miss E. Hourd ; Hoi)e Blossom, Miss M. Sweeney ;
Bart. Bumblebee, H. Freeland ; Ix)rd Dunraven, W. llowlands ; Sir
John Barleycorn, H. Roberts ; Reuben Mainbrace, j\Ir. Pink ; Obadiah
Swiftfoot, W. Moule ; Felix Goodhope, C. Freeland ; Anthony Heavy-
tone, A. Hourd ; Dry Bones, the Weeper, W. Allen.

London Cncket Club. — The meeting of the London Cricket Club
was held in 1889, and a large number were present and the utmost
enthusiasm prevailed. In the unavoidable absence of the president the
chair was taken by G. B. Han-is. The secretary rep(jrted meinbei-ship
as follows: — Patrons, thirty; players, seventy-four ; juniors, six; non-
residents, one; total, 111 members. The treasurer reported subscrip-
tions as follows : — Patrons (4), $40 ; members (o5), .^275 ; juniors (2),
S4; total cash on hand, Sol!!. The agreement with the Tecumseh
Base Ball Association was read and discussed at length, and finally
passed with a few trifling .alterations. Another oH'er of a cricket
ground was made and discussed, and referred to the gi'ound committee
for report as to ways and means. The question of club colors was
debated and postponed for the aiTival of further samples. The pro-
position to join the Ontario Cricket Association was carried unanimously
and the subscription was ordered to be remitted. Responses from
Middlesex cricketers willing to join the county eleven were read, and
further responses were awaited. The county match and the man-ied
vs. single match were approved. The challenge of the New York
(Staten Island) club was accepted for August 15 and 10 on the Tecum-
seh Park. The challenge of the Hamilton Junior Eleven for July 3

608

HISTOUY OF THE

was also iicceiited, also on tl)3 Tecimsch ground. The secretary was
authorized to conclude the purchase of the materials ot the London
South club for 820.

Insurance Ah<lract. — An abstract of statements of insurance
companies doing business in Canada in 1 888-9, gives many interesting
particulars respecting the ])eople's precautionary investments. The
amount of fire insurance in 1.S88 was : — In Canadian companies, S120,-
ir)(S,r)92; British companies, 8;>7U,4()8,.'>22 ; American companies,
!j448,81l>,4o2. The jiremiums charged u]ion this 1145 million dollars
of insurance amounted to §6,402,6(18. Of this the companies received
net §5,440,009, and the net cash paid for losses was §3,076,282. The
pro](irtion of losses to premiums was considerably less than in 1 887.
In !./. insurance, eleven Canadian, sixteen British, and thirteen Ameri-
Ciin companies operated in Canada in 1888. The policies in force and
the amounts were : —

POLICIES. AMOUNT.*?.

Canadian companies 72,203 3114,034,279

Briti.sh com])anies 14,724 30,l)6r),46o

American companies 46,731 67.724,094

Totals for 1888 133,668 212,423,838

Totals for 1887 118,113 191,694,270

Increase in yeiir 15,555 20,729,568

The total premiums paid during the year amount to $6,560,218,
being an increase of $558,813 on the premiums paid the previous year.

Tlui Lawyers' Banquet. — The banquet tendered to Mr. Justice
Street, at the London Club, by the bar of the County of IMiddlesex, in
the spring of 1889, was a brilliant success. The various speeches were
of an interesting character, those of Col. Shanly and Justice Street
lieing especially so, referring as they did to the old-time associations
of both. Among those present were the following gentlemen : — Col.
Shanly (chairman), Justice Street, W. K. jMeredith, Q. C, 11. Bayly,
Q. C, Colin McDougall, Q. C, Hon. David Mills, J. H. Flock, G. C.
Gibbons, W. H. Bartram, T. G. Meredith, I, F. Hellmuth, V. Cronyn,
Jas. Magee, J. B. McKillop, F. W. Thomas, E. Meredith. Q. C, R. A.
Meredith, E. T. Essery, F. Love, T. H. Purdora, Talbot Macbeth, Col.
Macbeth, E. II. Cameron, Eraser (Wallaceburg), Duncan McMil-
lan, Fred. Harper, John McDonald, A. Stuart (Glencoe), Emerv

(Petrolea), A. B. Cox, H. S. Blackburn, B. H. Tennent, W. A. Proud-
foot, N. P. Graydon, Sheriff Glass, P. Mulkern, J. H. A. Beattie, M.
D. Fraser, C. Jarvis, and many others. Several of these gentlemen
contributed songs, which were heartily received. All present enjoyed
the banquet greatly.

Scott Act at Strathroy. — The following is the result of the town
vote in the several polling sub-divisions at the close of the polls on
Thursdav : —

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

(;6()

No. 1 ^l7 ^«*]5^'-

:: n ••••• 21 27

•^ 9 (14

90 343
Mnjority against the Act 253

The following was the town vote in June, 1«85, when the Act
was passexi : —

Div. No. 1 '?^- ^^tr

" 2 ;..:..:;:: 47 ^

3 3(] 34

" 4 43 u

5 35 24

6 36 15

„ . . o 2;!2 109

Majority for the Act I2;j

Ditt'erence in the two votes 37G

Glencoe Spring Fair.~The Glencoe semi-annual live stock fair
held there m the spring of 1889 was, as usual, well attended by
larmers from the surrounding country. Not a dozen cattle, however
were ofiered for sale, but there was a large display of entire horses and
tarrn machmery. In horses some fine Percheron, Clydesdale General
purpose and blood animals were shown, the exhibition bein<' equal in
this respect to that of any previous fair. It was the acents' oppor-
tunity to reach the farmer, and many sales were made of farm
machinery A new sulky plow, manufactured bv Thom's Implement
\v orJcs,_ Watford, attracted a good share of attention, bein" one of the
latest improvements in farm machinery. It was simple, and any
ordinary walking plow could be attached very easily. A Chatham
taiiniiig-inill was exhibited with bagging attachment. This also was
something new. Good exhibitions were made of machinery by local
agents, among whom were Bayne Bros., W. Coyne, D. I). Thompson
A. Hyndman, J. McAlpine, N. McKellar, D. Cobie and Mr. Black '

independent Order of Foresters.— thGheadqmTters of the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters was established on the corner of Bay and
King streets, Toronto, in 1889, where the supreme chief ranger
UT. Uronhyatekha, was m command, with four lady assistants, in
charge of the various departments into which tlie business is divided
ihe Order is only in its eighth year, yet the progress made i.<<
remarkable, under Dr. Oronhyatekha's management. It started with

670

HISTOUY OF THE

ii iiiembevsliip of loss than 4()0 and a debt of 84,000. The ineniher-
slii]) in the sjninf^of IS.SU was l.'t.OOO, and the surplus in the treasury
8106,774.74, invested us follows: —

Post Oflice Savint,'s Bank, Ottawa S 11 ,779 5()

Dominion Savinj^s Bank, London 10,871 02

Ontario Loan and Debenture Co., London 2l,")80 08

Canada rernianent, Toronto 5,000 Oi)

Bank of Toronto, Toronto I(),;ifi7 10

Bank of Briti.sh North America, London 10,0(tO (10

Huron and Erie Loan Co., London 10,000 00

School and Municipal Debentures 17,179 98

Freeholds. & L. Co 10,000 00

Besides this magnificent showing;, §250,000 was paid to widows
and orjihans, not to sjieak of the benefits and medical attendance re-
ceived by the sick from time to time. The security given by the Order
i.s ample and systematic. No cheque, unless signed by the seven
Tucmbers of the executive council, can be civshed, and with resj)ect to
tlie ordinary fund, the checjue must be signed by the supreme chief
ranger, secretary and auditor. The number of lodges under the juris-
diction of the High Court was 40(j, and the Order was growing rapidly.
Tlie sujjreme chief ranger deserves great credit, for the Order has
risen so rapidly and has made such strides into pojiular favor as to
leave no room for doubt that its past progress is as nothing to what
will take place within the next decade.

Death Statistics. — The number of deaths per 1,000 of po])ulatiou
for the leading cities of the Dominion is shown in the following official
figures for 1887, except Hamilton, which is for 1888 : —

CITIE.S.

POPULATION.

Hamilton 44,229

Montreal 198,700

Toronto 120,109

Quebec 64,092

Halifax 40,000

Ottawa 37,000

St. John, N.B 28,110

London 20,315

Winnipeg 21,257

The Methodists. — The Transfer Committee of the General Confer-
erence of the Methodist Church met April 4, 1889, in the Metropolitan
(Jhurch at Toronto. The following were transferred to Toronto Con-
ference : — Revs. W. L. Scott, from Bay of Quinte ; P. Si)arling, from
Guelph; J. H. Holmes, from Guelph ; E. Crummey, from Montreal;
J. F. Ockley, from Bay of (,)uinte ; J. V. Smith, from Loudon ; S. T.
Bartlett. from London.

TOT.M,

DEATHS

DEATHS.

PER 1,000

749

10.

0,(151

30.74

2,441

1934

1,818

28.30

727

18.19

813

21.90

589

20.95

425

10.15

522

24.55

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

071

Into London — Ri'vs. John Leavoyd, from Vtiiy of Quinte ; A. S.
Gallon, from Toronto ; A. C. Comticc, from Toronto; S. Bond, from
Montreal; J. V. Kice, from Toronto; .1. W. Andrews, from Bay of
Quinte.

Into Niii<»ara — lieva. Jas. Awde, from Montreal; John Wood, from
London ; J. Jacksoti, from Manitoba.

Into Guelph — Dr. Henderson, from Montreal.

Into Bay of Quinte— Bevs. T. H. Griflith, Ph. IX, from Toronto ;
J. M. Hodson, from London ; R. Johnston, from Guelph.

Into Montreal — Revs. S. 1*. Rose, from Niaj^ara ; J. Davies, from
Bay of Quinte ; William Harris, from Niaf;;ara ; Geo. S. Reynolds, from
Bay of Quinte ; Dr. Ryckman, from London ; J. M. Tredrey, from New
Brtmswick and Prince Edward Island.

Into Manitoba — Revs. Albert C!. Crews, from Niagara ; John Stew-
art, from Montreal ; J. J. Leach, from Piay of Quinte ; J. A. Mussel,
from Montreal ; J. W. Sparhng, from Montreal; F. J. Oaten, from
Toronto ; W. R. Jamieson, from Toronto ; C. A. Procunier, from
Niaj^ara ; J. W. Runions, from Montreal ; S. R. Brown, from Mon-
treal ; John Tozeland, from Bay of (Juinte.

Into British Columbia — Rev. W. D. Wisner, from Niagara.

Into Nova Scotia — Rev. J, P. Heald, from Newfoundland.

Ddirying Interests. — The following table of the comparative
quantity of cheese and butter exported from Canada in the years 18Gt>,
lH8i), 1S8G and 1888 will show better than any amount of words to
what an extent the butter industry has fallen otf and the cheese interest
has increased : —

CHEESE EXPOUTS.
Years. Weight in \h<<.

1869 (i,lll,482

1883 58,04l,;}87

1886 78,000.000

1888... more than 78,500,000

BUTTER EXPORTS.
Years. Weight in lbs.

1809 10,853,268

1883 8,106,447

1880 4,500,000

1888 about 1,500,000

Odd felloivs' Annual Statement. — The following is a statement of
the work of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Ontario, for the
term ending December 31, 1888, and is taken from the Grand Secre-
tary's yearly report ; — Installed during the year, 1,790 ; admitted by
card, 1")1 ; re-installed, 161 ; grand total, 2,102. The number of
members who were suspended, withdrew, expelled or died during the
year was 1,402 ; leaving a net increase of 700 members. Member-
ship on December 31, 1888, 10,053. Number of Pa.st Grands, 2,900 ;
number of degrees conferred, 4,913. The total number of brothers
who received sick benefits was 1,951 ; number of widows who re-
ceived benefits, 29;> ; number of orphans who received benefits, 95 ;
number of wives of brothers died, 78. The amount paid in sick
benefits was S30,009.37 ; amount paid for surgeons' fees and nursing,

• '.72 IIISTOUY OF niE

85,302.32; amount paid for widows' IwuislitH, !!<l l,37t)..'^ti ; atnount
paid for ntpliiuiH' bcnufita, 8i)19.2M ; amount ])aid for l)uryiiif» deceased
brothers, }<3,4S7.r)() ; amount ])ai(l lor huryin;^ dcccastMl wives of
brothers, Sl,3ri().80; total for l.SS.S, !<r)3,497".()l, bein.i,' an avera-,'e for
t;ach day in the year IHSS of lJ145.r)(J, an increase of $\:.'2o per day
over tlie year 1.SS7.

The Public Ihvenuc. — The returns of rcivenue and expenditure for
March, IHHi), are found to produce a net ;^ain in iacomci of about
lS10(),0()(( as compared with the correspond inj,' montli last year, the
fiyures beiii^: —

1888. I88!l.

Customs .^1,859,802 $2,37G,45l

Excise 48r),192 r.24,14'.»

rost-oflice 142,2r.{) 2l'.»,:57.S

Public works 277,()f.:! 172,18'J

Miscellaneous (i5,r)r)9 31,680

Total S2,829,9ltj S;5,;i2;;,M47

The increase in revenue of March reached half a million dollars,
customs increasing li<51G,()00, inland revenue §39,000, and ])03t-office
S77,000, while the income from public works, including Govennuent
railways, declined !?105,000, and miscellaneous fell off *34,000. The
total expenditure of the month was !:i<l,756,464, as compared with
!?1,349,357 in March of 1888, an increase of §407,000, or about §87,-
000 less than the gain in revenue. Tiie total revenue for the nine
months ending with March aggregates §27,'.>40,616, and the total ex-
penditure §23,729,291, leaving a surplus of §4,211,325 at the present
time. Besides the above statement on consolidated fund account, there
was expended on capital account, in March, §2iS2,288, and in the
nine months, §3,8iS7,693, made up thus : — Public works, railways and
canals, §2,993,322 ; Dominion lands, §76,702 ; railway subsidies, §799,-
200 ; rebellion account, §18,40!».

The total gross debt of the Dominion on the 31st of March was
§287,889,980. Deducting from this the investments in sinking
funds and otherwise, the Provincial, the miscellaneous and banking
accounts a total of §53,016,343 of assets, the net debt remains at
§234,873,637.

Strathroy Mechanics' Imditute. — The annual meeting of the
members of the Strathroy Mechanics' Institute was held in the rooms
in the spring of 1889, at which there was a fair attendance of tliose
interested in its welfare. The report, read by Secretary Greeuaway,
showed that the organization was in a healthy and flourishing con-
dition, and that much interest was tiiken in the work by the citizens
generally. From the report, which was for the year ending May 1,
1889, are culled the following particulars : —

COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX. 673

UKCKins.

Uiilaiico on hand ^ ;iO 52

Mt'inbc'i's' I'eiiM JOL' 75

Legislative grant fur mcmbershii) nO Oit

" " lilmiry ir.O 00

" " imlin^'-room 50 00

Municipal <,Maiit , loo 00

Locturtis and cntcrtainnionts 128 00

Other sourcos G7 00

Total >i(77S 27

UIsnUUSKMKNTS.

Kent, light and heating ja; 77 r.4

Salaries II7 45

Hooks, not fiction 29.S 94

" fiction ;J9 17

Magazines, ])apera, etc lOO 77

Lectures and entertainments 115 (;i>

Miscellaneous If, 4;^

Balance on hand i;-j 35

Total ,^778 27

STOCK AND ASSKT.S.

Furniture and appliances ijit lOO 00

Books in library 3^800 00

Cash in hand 13 35

The nieniborship on May 1, ISHO, was 33S.

No. of volumes jjurcliased in 18S8-9 :— Biography, 18 ; fiction, 45 ;
history, 15 ; miscellaneous, 40; general literature, 09 ; poetry and'
drama, ; religious literature, G ; science and art, 5 ; voya<'es and
travels, 7 ; works of reference, 2 ; total, L'4G. '"

No. of volumes in the library :—r,iograpiiy, 211; fiction, 1,026;
history, .".64 ; miscellaneous, 407 ; general literature, 302 ; poetry and
drama, 107 ; religious literature, 142 ; science and art, 27.S ; voyages
and travels, li)0; works of reference, 85 ; total, 3,112.

No, of volumes issued during the year :— I '.iography, 162 ; fiction,
5,030; history, :!35; miscellaneous, 409; general literature, 655;
poetry and drama, 102 ; religious literature, 144; science and art, 260 ;
voyages and travels, 2711; works of reference, 15; total, 7,39 L.

The reading-room is ojjcu every day, Sundays excepted, from ;'..30
to 9 p. m., and on the tables are to be found the following :

Daily Papers.— Toronto Globe, Empire, Mail, and World, London
Free Press, and Advertiser, Montreal Witness, Detroit Free Press, and
New York Tribune.

Weekly Pajjers.—London Times, Strathroy Dispatch and Ane,
Scientific American, Tlie Week, Gnp, and Punch.

674

HISTOUY OF THE

'Magfiziiios. — Harper's Monthly, and Yo^nu/ People, The Centimj,
and ScribDcr'n. En<,'lisli. — llhidrated Maf/azitic, Chambers's Jour-
nal, London Society, St. Nicholas, and The Ededic.

Otlier ruiiers. — Illustrated Loiulon Neics, Graphic, and Harper's
Weekly.

The officers were elected as follows: — President, I). L. Leitch ;
vice president, lie v. L. DesBrisay ; treasurer, J. H. Mcintosh; secre-
tary and lihrarian, C. Greonaway ; directors, J. E. Wetherell, D. W.
Vary, D. Evans. Rev. T. JMacadam. It. F. liichardson, J. Heard, E.
Rowland, Miss Balnier, and Miss It. Itohertson.

Aticiod Order United Workmen. — The membership account of
the entire order, accordiiifj to the jurisdictions, is summarized as fol-
lows :— New York, 2!l,077 ; Missouri, 20,70r) ; Ilhnois, 20,G68 ; Cali-
fornia, 17,964; Ontario (Canada), l(>,Or)0 ; Pennsylvania, l',l,."!14;
Ma.ssachusetts, 14,121); Michigan, 13,732; Kansas, 12,'.)3o ; Wiscon-
sin, 6,73(1; Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, 5,885; ^linncsota,
5,525; Nebra.ska, 5,115; Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, 4,350;
Oregon and Washington Territory, 4,200 ; Iowa, 3,68(1 ; Ohio, 3,658 ;
Nevada, 3,465 ; Indiana, 2,544 ; Texas, 2,480 ; Tennes.see, 2,31(i ;
Georgia, Alabama, Mississii))>i, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Florida, 1,'.J50; Kentucky, 1,475, making a grand total of 213,'.)62 in
good standing at date of Dec. 31, 1888. The jurisdiction of Ontario
made the largest gain, (113, and California suffered the greatest loss, (i'.t.

Base Ball Association. — The second annual meeting of the Lon-
don Athletic and Base Ball Association (limited) was held in the
jNIasonic Temjjle, in the spring of 18S9. Thomas S. Hobbs, the
president, was in the chair, and a fair representation of stockholders in
attendance. The financial statement was presented, showing liabilities
of 813,388 ; assets, :?5,9()0, and profit and loss, S7,5()0, the latter
amount being less than the figures obtainable for the ditl'ereiit players
if put on the market. The statement was adopted without discussion.
The president explained at considerable length the steps which had
been taken during the spring to strengthen the team, and felt that,
although hard luck had been their jiortion for a few days past, the
club would demonstrate to the citizens of London before many weeks
elapsed that they were able to ccjie with the best of the many good
teams in the Association. The election of directors resulted in the
choice of the following : — Geo. S. Birrell, C. S. Hyman, Adam Beck,
W. J. Reid, W. M. Gartshore, 11. C. Macfie, Thos. S. Hobb:^ and R. B.
D. Nicholson. The Board subse(|uently met and re-elected Mr. Hobbs,
president ; Mr. Birrell, vice-pre.'iident ; Mr. Gartshore, treasurer ; and
Mr. A. ]\I. Smart, secretary.

Ayainst Papal Aggression. — Taking advantage of their me<'.ting
as the Transfer Committee of the Methodist Church in Canada, the
principal officials of tliat denomination adojjted the following resolution
in 1889 regardiu" the Jesuit Estates Bill : —

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

" We, the general supeiititeudents of tlie Methodist Church of this
DoTiiiuioii, and tlie ju'esidents of the annual conferences assembled,
without assuming to speak for any other men's consciences or intelli-
gence than our own, and with only the dosiie to obtain righteous ends
by righteous means, deem it our bounden duty to {)rotest against the
aggressions of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, as we
believe, to the serious prejudice of our civil and religious liberty, more
especially in the recent act for the incorporation and endowment of the
Jesuits, a society which has been sup])ressed in Great Britain and
again and .again discpialified by imperial statutes to hold property
within the l>ritish realm, and has also been expelled from all Christian
and civilized lands b(!cau3e of its influence in the subversion of gov-
ernment and the corrujjtion of morals, and notably from the Republic
of France as lately as 187D-8(), and which society, for similar and
other causes, was abolished in all the world by the Pope himself.

" We further protest against the recognition of the authority of the
Pope in any civil all'airs of a British Province, as we believe to be the
case in this act representing the settlement of the Jesuit estates, and
further, against the appropriation of public funds to ecclesiastical and
secular uses, as a discrimination betwixt religious bodies, and subversive
of the principle of se])aration of Church and State, as recognized in the
British North America Act ; and further, we desire to declare that our
aid and influence shall be given to all efforts to test the constitution-
ality of these acts befoi'e the proper tribunals, and we cannot but
exjiress our deep regret that the House of Commons, in its recent vote
upon the subject, should have manifested so little regard to petitions
asl<ing for disallowance, and to the strong expi'essions of feeling from
influential bodies in various parts of the Dominion.

" In jiutting forth thus moderately our convictions on these import-
ant matters, we disclaim any and every intention to interfere with the
full rights of our Roman Catholic fellow-citizens in civil and religious
matters. We appeal to the history of Methodism as to her advocacy
and guardianship of eqiuil privileges to all. We desire earnestly the
peace and prosperity of our commonwealth, and must cast upon aggres-
sors the responsibility for disasters which we gravely apprehend. Ever
confident that Protestantism in the fear of God will stand for the liberty
of the subject, tlie honor of the Crown, and the full freedom of worship
according to the dictates of conscience, under the sense of personal
responsibility and the exercise of individual right.

" A. Carman, general superintendent ; John A. Williams, general
superintendent; E. A. Stafford, president Toronto Conference; J. Gra-
ham, president London Conference ; W. J. Maxwell, president Niagara
Conference; George Bichardsou, president Guelph Conference; M. L.
Parsons, ju'csident Bay of Quinte Conference ; J. W. Sparling, presi-
dent Montreal Conference! ; Thos. Argue, president Manitoba Confer-
ence ; J. S.Coflin, president Nova Scotia Conference; Chas. H. Paisley,
president New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conference."

G76

HISTORY OF THE

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078

IIISTOHY OF THE

Canadian Pacific Raihvay. — Tlie (,"iui<idiaii Piicific ll.aihvay I'oport
lor 1S8.S iiiadu an excellent showing,' for tlie conipiuiy. It was statiHl
that tlic j^ros.s earnings reached thi; large total of Sl;>,rj3,5;)5, and that in
only the second year of the operation of the line was tli(!re an increase
of nearly S1,0(K),0()0 over the income of i(SiS7; while the operating ex-
penses were !j9,;!24,7G(), giving net earnings of S !,S70,774, and a sur-
plus of S.">2tl,-t2.') after ]iaying fixed cliarges. Tlie financial position of
tiie company as represented in tlie report was an exceptionally strong
one. The fixed charges about readied the maxiinum for a few years ;
at any rate, the Act obtaineil by the coiniiany from Parliament provid-
ed, for the conversion of existing obligations into per|)etual debenture
four per cent, stock, by which an economy in interest would be effect-
ed sufiicient to meet the charges that might arise out of any future
requirements in the way of improvements, eiiuipments and facilities.
The company, moreover, exhibited a very valuable asset in its land
grant. Of the original grant of twenty-five million acres, there were
surrendered to the Government in l>SiSG in ])art payment of the com-
pany's debt, G,79o,()l4 acres, leaving a balance of 18,206, 1)86 acres, of
which the large quantity of 14,8()7,5o6 acres was yet unsold. In
addition, tlie company held 1,:'>0'.I,4'J4 acres in Southern Manitoba, ac-
quired through tile purchase of the Manitoba South-western road, a
property wliich on the average of the sales last year, S4.")4 jier acre,
was worth §5,944,800, and against which the only lien was .S884,S7-">
to the Government ot Manitoba. These land grants, on the basis of
last year's sales, were worth no less than 855,000,000, a sum ample to
extinguish the land grant mortgages and the whole of the first mort-
gage bonds of the company, and the value of the property steadily
enhances as settlement extends and the public lauds are taken up.
The report affords an indication of the gratifying improvement in
North-west prospects, tlie totiil number af acres sold by the com[)any in
the first four months of the year 1888 having been 72,441 for .3259,-
922, as against 24,970 acres for !?80,869 in the corresponding period
of 1887. ...

District Methodic Meeting. — The general business meeting of the
London district of the London Conference convened in Pall Mall street
Methodist Church, May 23, 1889, with Kev. Dr. Kyckmau in the
chair, and llev. S. J. Alliu acting as secretary. There were also in
attendance the following delegates : — Ministerial — Rev. J. G. Scott, J.
V. Smith, K. I'. Laiiceley, -Tohn Holmes, S. G. Livingston, H. A. ; Alex.
Langfonl, Charles Smith, C. C. Couzens, W. W. Edwards, J. E. Ford,
Reuben Millyard, C. W. Brown, B. A. ; John Beale. Lay — Messrs.
R. J. C. Dawson, C. J. Beale, W. H. McCutcheon, W. D. Buckle, J.
Friend, A. B. Campbell, \V. F. Connor, W. J. Gibbling, R. W. Jack-
son, E. F. Hunt, VV. M. liaker, Ifobert Bodkin, T. S. Minton.

The schedule reports from tlie different circuits in the district were
then received : — Queen's Avenue — Membership 517, increa.se 14, total
amount raised, !?l:3,249.56. Dundas Centre — Membership 550, incease

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

C7i)

120, total amount raised, §0,200. Hamilton Road — Meniberslii]) 112,
increase 9, total amount raised S1,G27.20. St. Johns — Membership
1(11, increase 1, total amount raised S1,103.."J2. Elizabeth Street —
Membership 160, increase 45, total amount raised Sl,2.'j().7.">. London
South — Membership 3(1(1, increase 32, total amount raised 84,29 1.3(S.
Siloam — Membership 201, decrease 4, total amount raised S2,13G.2.S.
Pall Mall — Membership 178, increase 10, total amount raised S3,118.-
51. IJorchestei'— Membership 371, decrease 1, total amount collected
S3,208.!l4. Lambetli — Membership 274, decrease 0, total amount
raised .?1, 245.70. Westminster — Membership 385, decrease 8, total
amount raised 81,864.53. Thorndale — Membershij) 277, decrease 25,
total amount raised Sl,iS'.('.'.43. Delaware — Membership 224, increase
4, total amount raised, 8954.2(S. Wellington Street — Membership 273,
decrease 40, total amount raised 82,730.93. King Street — Member-
ship 205, increase 40, total amount raised .83,373.(32. London West
— Membership 252, increase 75, total amount raised 81,847.59.

These returns ])laced the total membership of the district at 4,511,
an increase of 2(19 as com])ared with 1888. The largest increase is in
Diindas Centre Church (120) ; where Evangelist Crossley held service!*
during the winter. The total amount collected for all purposes in the
district was 854,994.20, a satisfactory increase over the previous year.

Delegates to the difl'erent Conference Committees were appointed
as follows : —

Stationary — llev. Reuben Millyard.

Sabbath School — Rev. J. E. Ford and Layman E. S. Hunt,

Lay Delegates to Conference — R. J. C. Dawson, C. J. Beale, John
Friend, Thos. Minton, J. Wheaton, Thos. Bedgood, W. Henderson, W.
Heaman. li. Davis, W. Yates, R. Bodkin, W. H. McCutchcon, W. D.
Buckle, Wm. Orme, A. V. Campbell, W. J. Gilling, A. Westman,
Thos. Minton, R. W. Jackson, F. Lewis, J. B. Lane, John Mill, E.
Hunt, C. Sifton, W. M. Baker, T. Webster, Dr. Eccles, W. H. Winnett,
H. Hender.son, Chas. Thorne, Wm. Blinn, W. Gib.son, J. F. Jetfers.

Lay Delegate to Missionary Committee — R. J. C. Dawson.

Revs. Messrs. Lmgford, J. G. Scott and Mr. R. J. C. Dawson were
appointed a committee to confer with Delaware and Westminster, and
report at next district meeting.

Rev. Dr. Sanderson moved the following resolution, seconded by
Rev. J. G. Scott, which carried amidst applause.

" 1. That tliis London District meeting solemnly and earnestly pro-
test against the permitted aggressions of the hierarchy of the Roman
Catholic Church, to the serious prejudice of our civil and religious liberty.
More especially do we protest against the recent acts jmssed by the
Legislature of Quebec, and not disallowed, as they should have been,
by our Dominion Government, for the incorporation and for the endow-
ment of the Jesuits — a society which has been suppressed in Great
Britain, and again and again dis(iualified by Imperial statutes to hold
jiroperty within the British realm, and which society further has b ii

680

HtSTOKY OF THE

expelled from nciavly all Christian and civilized countries, Roman
Catholic as well as Protestant, because of its influence in the subversion
of governments and the corruption of morals, and notably from the
rie])ublic of France, within the last ten years ; and whicli society, for
similar and other causes, was abolished in all the world by the Pope
himself — an authority now claiming to be inf\xllible.

" 2. We further protest against the recognition of the authority of
the Po))e in any civil affairs of a British province, as a dishonor done
to our Queen, as in the Jesuits' Estates Act ; and, further, against the
apiiro])riation of public funds to ecclesiastical and secular uses, as a
discrimination betwixt religious bodies and subversive of the j)rinciple
of sei)aration of Church and State recognized in the British North
America Act ; and we further declare that our best aid and our
unceasing influence shall be given to all legitimate efforts to test the
constitutionality of these acts before the ])roper tribunals.

'• 3. Whilst thus moderately setting forth our conviction and deter-
mination, we disclaim all intention and desire to interfere with the
rights of our Roman Catholic fellow-citizens in civil and religious
nuitters, conceding to them, to their fullest extent, what we claim for
ourselves, but not a jot beyond. We desire earnestly the peace and
prosperity of our coinitry, and righteously cast upon aggressors the
responsibility for disasters, which we gravely apprehend will ensue.
We stand for the honor of the Crown, the equality of rights, the liberty
of the subject, and the full freedom of worship according to the dictates
of conscience ; and, whatever the cost may be, by the grace of God we
will stand for these to the end."

Loyal Oranrje Association. — The members of the Royal Scarlet
Chajiter of London held their regular meeting in the Orange Hall,
Alechanics' Institute, on Saturday evening, the 18th of May, 1889.
Three candidates were exalted to the degree of Sir Knight Companion
of the Royal Scarlet. The beautiful and impressive ceremony and
excniplificatiou of the degree was accomplished in a very able manner.
After the usual routine of business was disposed of the election of
oflicors was then proceeded with, resulting as follows : — Sir Knight
R. A. Smith, worr-hiijful companion in command ; Sir Knight Wm.
Brodison, excellent com^ianion in command ; Sir Knight R. D. H.
Hillier, companion chaplain ; Sir Kniglit Samuel Cardwell, companion
scribe; Sir Knight Hugh Newell, companion treasurer; Sir Knight F.
H. Wright, herald-at-arms ; Sir Knight Samuel Young, inward herald ;
Sir Knight -lohn Turriff, outward herald.

Sundry Notes, — The deaths in Beaver Lodge, Strathroy, are re-
corded as follows: — Hugh Fraser, 1804; Timothy Cook, 1805; John
Frank, 1886 ; Abel Wilcox, 1864 ; E. H. Smith, 1867 ; Donald Rob-
inson, 1882 ; Joseph G. Small, 1871* ; Wm. Henderson, 1800 ; Geo.
Lagenby, 1872 ; W. J. Bradley, 1868 ; R. C. Scatcherd, 187'.» ; Jame
Harv('^', 1871; Ur. James Mothersill, 1877; Robert C. McGregor,
1871; Wm. Long, 1875; John D. Lauler, 1879; Thomas L. Arm-

COUNTY OK MIDKLESEX.

681

.nn-

stvoiig, 1887; Ilev. James Siiiytho, 1,S79; Robert Bentley, 1S78 ;
liobert Afoore, 1876; Hamilton llowe, 1SS2; James McNeece, 1<S83 ;
James Thom])soii, 1888; Charles A. Eothwell, 18cS4.

The second amiiversary of the openinj,' of the Canada Methodist
Church on Front street, Strathroy, was held January 1"), iHMii. The
receipts for the year 18(Sl amounteil to .S4,874.;>2, all of which was
ex])ended except S515.32. The assets amounted to 821,209.81, of
which 8l7,28U.t')8 represented the ground, church and parsonage
buildings.

In Octolier, 187S, John Hawkey, of Parkhill, secured the contract
for the stage route between Strathroy and Parkhill.

In 1800, George Orchard established the Medical Hall at Strath-
roy. Ten years latter W. T. Dya? & Co. were the proprietors.

The name Canada is derived from the Iroquois — Kannata, or
love of cabins. This definition is accepted by Charlevoix in his " His-
torie de la Nouville France," and, with him as an authority, the defini-
tion may be acceiited as the origin of the name, although Aca Nada —
" here is nothing " — was applied by the Spaniards, and also El Cape di
Nada — "Cajjc Nothing" — was also used by them.

John Buttery, fruit-tree mu'sery near Strathroy ; Timothy Cook
was merchant and miller ; Hiram Dell was merchant ; Ptige & Man-
son, merchants, in 1850.

The ministers of the Strathroy churches in 1872 were: — Eev.
O'Shea, of the Catholic ; Rev. T. Cosford, of tlie Wesleyan Methodist ;
Rev. H. Dockham, of the Methodist Episcopal ; Rev. D. Baldwin, of
the Regular Baptist ; Rev. J. W. P. Smith, of the English Church ;
and Rev. R. Saul, of the New Jerusalem (,'hurch.

The corner-stone of the Methodist Church of Strathroy, corner of
Front and ]\Iaria streets, was placed on Dominion Day, 1879, and
dedicated Jan. 11, 1880 — eighteen years and one day after the old
frame church building on North street was begun. The cost was $16,-
500.

Mrs. Carroll, wife of Charles Carroll, hanged herself near Strath-
roy, Oct. 1, 1887.

Patrick McDonough, who came from Ireland in 1830, and in 18.'i7
settled in London Townshiii, served the following winter against the
Patriots. In 1838 he entered business at London, but the campaign
.so injured his health he retired shortly after, and died in 1844. Com-
modore McUonough, of the first United States navy, was his uncle.
His son, Thomas, occupies the old homestead in London Township.

fnexpeded Death in AmjviAtt, 1888. — Henry A. Smith, late of Her
Majesty's Inland Revenue Department, died unexpectedly in August,
1888. Probably no man was better or more favorably known in
London than this gentlemati, who had been engaged in the hardware
business for a number of years previous to his appointment in the
Inland Revenue department in this city, some twenty-three years ago.
He founded the hardware business cai'rietl on under the name of Smith

682

HISTOKY OF TliE

& Chapman, and wliich is now owned and conducted by his two sons,
W. H. & C. R. Smith. At the time of his death Mr. Smith occupied
the position of vice-presiilont of the Ijondou Furniture Company.

Thomas Walden (or Walder), a native of Cavan County, Ireland,
and an old settler of liondon Township, died April 28, 18.S6.

James Cavey, who left Ireland in 1839, and travelled from Quebec
to the 7th Concession of London that year, died in May, 1882.

Thomas. R. Haskett, a pioneer of the Kith Concession of London,
died in September, 1887, in his 74th year.

The CatJiolic Record says : — " On the 8th inst., Mr. Patrick Mur-
tagh, an old and highly esteemed resident of London, died at his resi-
dence in this city, in October, 1888, in the 63rd year of his age. He
was a native of Ledwithstown, County Longford, Ireland. He has
been in Canada forty years, thirty-three of which he had been in the
service of Bishop Hellmuth."

Mrs. Eliza Griffith, who settled with her husband in 1854 on the
spot where stands the William Street Memorial Church, died Decem-
ber 8, 1887. She was a workhouse matron in England, and subse-
quently owned the Litchfield Lunatic Asylum.

Alex. Purdom, who came here from Scotland in 1849, and entered
the employ of James Elliott, died in 1882. In later years he erected
Labatt's brewery, St. James's Church, in London South, and the re-
fractory buildings at the asylum.

Isaac Waterman, a Bavarian, settled at London in 1858, and, with
his brother, Herman, was interested in the early oil refineries.

On the 2ord of July, 1888, another of London's oldest and most
esteemed residents, Mrs. Julia McCauslatid, relict of the late Andrew
McCauslaud, was called to her reward. She was a native of the County
of Longford, Ireland, and came to Montreal in the year 181^2. In
1835 she removed to London, where she was married to Mr. McCaus-
land, whose death occurred nine years ago.

Charles Davidson, an early settler of London, died February 7,
1874. John Gurd of Fermoy, Ireland, who settled at London in 1842,
died in 1882. Rebecca Gurd, who settled in London in 1842, came
from the South of Ireland that year; she died in May, 1887. Geo.
Holman, an old resident of London, died at Toronto in -Tune, 1869.
His son George was then connected with the Holman Opera troupe.
James Glen, whose death took place in November, 1887, came to
London with a British regiment in- the forties.

In September, 1874, a boy of eight summers, Alexander Gibson,
shot and killed his sister Kate. The affair occurred at Hugh Rankin's
house during a " paring bee."

Mrs. F. Becraft, of London West, was fatally burned on September
16, 1882.

To obtain land in early times, it was necessary to visit Colonel
Talbot, and the settlers had to make the journey to his place at Port
Talbot along the North street and connecting roads. The Colonel held

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

683

3rabei'

a patent of the lands, and upon the settlers going to li'in ho would
secure a lot for them.

Angus Guini, who in 1881 resided with his daughter in Middlesex
County, near London, was the last known survivor of those who set out
to settle at Fort Garry, in 1812, with Lord Selkirlc. (Jharles Macbeth,
who died in 1881 at South Simcoe, was another of the men who ex-
perienced the horrors of that dreadful journey.

In the Presbyterian cemetery at Granton is a monument bearing
the following inscription : —

IN MEMORY

or
WILLIAM RILEY.

Died Nov. 10, 1874. age 62.

This world is made of crooked streets ;
Death is the place all men must meet ;
If money souls would buy.
The rich would live and the poor would die.

Here lies the body of an honest man ;
Deny it who can.

This Riley was known to the old settlers as Old Sebastopol, owing
to the fact that he aided the French troops in building the railroad
thence to Balaklava.

Physicians. — The following is a list of successful candidates at the
medical examinations held in the Ontario College of Physicians and
Surgeons at Toronto in the middle of April, 188;). There were 125
candidates who successfully passed the final examinations, as follows: —

W. J. Armstrong, Bayfield ; R, K. Anderson, Horny ; H. W. Arm-
strong, Bailie boro'; A. E. Almas, Hagersville.

F. J. Bradd, Campbellford ; J. Brown, Campbellford ; W. E. Bate-
son, Cresswell ; W. W. Birdsall, Delhi ; A. E. Bolton, Portland ; J. J.
Broad, Souva ; J. E. Bowman, Dundas ; H. Becker, Grief ; T. A. Bea-
man, Bancroft ; E. Bull, Weston ; G. M. Bowman, Hamilton ; P.
Brown, Oshawa

G. B. Carbet, Orangeville ; G. K. Crosthwaite, Bartouville ; J.
Campbell, Mapleton; J. H. Collins, Whitby; J.T.Campbell, Whitby;
J. Carruthers, Cayuga; G. Chambers, Woodstock; C. P. Clark, St.
Marys ; H. Chappie, Newcastle ; J. Crawford, Glencoe ; W. H. Clapp,
Toronto ; Miss Jennie Carson, Strathroy ; J. A. Creasor, Owen Sound ;
R. C. Chamonhouse, Eganville ; R. M. Cooper, London ; C. A. Clinc,
Belmont ; H. N. Coutlee, Sharbot Lake ; M. C. Dewar, Toronto ; W.
C. David, Kingston ; W. A. Dixon, Toronto ; G. A. Dickinson, Lyon ;
John Duff, Inverary.

684

IlISTOUY (IF THE

W. .1. KiiiKiv, (Iwiii Sound ; (r. V. Eiiievy, Ciuiuuiociuo ; A. R.
Elliott, Hcilloville ; W. K^bi'it, Duiiiivillo ; A. T. Kinmei'soti, rctorboro' ;
li. ('. S. Elliott, Tovoiito'.

J. J). Eiii.ser, 8|)i>iicorvill(); T. A. Eitzoomld, Millhrook ; S. M,
Fmsor, Loiuloii; A. E. L'ar.s(tii. Ottiiwii ; .1. 15. CJamble, Toronto; ¥. E.
(iocH'rey, r>ul},'i'iivo ; W. I'. Gilcliri.st. IJiirrie; J. A. (.Jruenluw, Palnicrs-
ton; M. E. CJilbrio, IJuswortli ; H, Onindy, Toronto.

1). Henderson, lirudford; A. H. lliiUiday, I'ort IVrry ; J. S. Hart,
Wilfrid; A. E. Ilillla-r, Port El.yin ; W. E. I'larding, IJrockvilUv. L. U.
Hiscon, La Sallo, N.Y.; 11. II. lloriicr. London ; J. Holdcroft, Twoetl ;
¥. 1). Harknes.s, Kingston ; C. H. Hamilton, Shelburno ; J. A. Ivny,
.larvi.s; W. T. Irwin, IV-nibroke ; \V. Kerr, (iuel]ili ; O. L. Kilbara,
Toledo; H. O. Lani'ear, Nc\vbnr<;; A. C. Little, I'arrie.

H. ,). :\Ieiklejohn, Sterlinj^ ; W. J. Milne, I51yth ; A. J. McAuley,
Erankford; W. J. jMa.xwell, lirockville; E. Meek, Alton; T.J. Alolier,
South 1 )ouro ; J. T. McKilloi., 15eaclibur<^ ; T. V. McCullouj^li. Dundalk ;
T. J. McNally, Walkerton ; D. McKay, Bradford; J. 1{. McCabe,
Adelaide; .L V. McLaohlan, London ; .L i\[. McEarlane, Toronto ; ('.
AIcLaelilan, Toronto; 1). H. Mclnto.sli, (,'arleton Place ; G. McDonald,
lienfrew; T. C. Mclvitchie, Mor[)etli ; 1*. \V. H. ]McKeown, Toronto;
H. ^IcKerclicr, Stittsvillo ; Miss Lsa McConville, Kingston.

W. W. Nasyniith, Toronto ; H. S. Ncnthniore, Catara([ui ; W. S.
Phillip, liranipton ; .J. A. Patterson, Port Elgin ; 11. H. Palmer, l)au-
forth ; T. C. Patter.son, Grafton; G. S. Itennie, Hamilton; A. .1. Key-
iiolds, Palnierston ; S. T. Kutherford, ^lillbank ; D. A. Hose, Toronto ;
J. A. lioss, Marrie; \V. H. liankiii, (.'ollinsby ; A. A. Smith, llidge-
town ; A. Stewart, Douglas; W. A. Sangster, Stoutl'ville ; E. Silver-
thorne, Summerhill ; A. Y. Scott, Toronto ; E. T. Siiider, Odessa ; 11.
A. Stewart, Toronto.

11. W. Topp, Bracebridge ; H. A. Turner, Millbrook ; J. L. Turn-
bull, Newton ; II. A. Westly, Williamstowu ; H. Wallwin, Barrie ; H.
P. Wilkias, Toronto ; J. A. Wylie, Wisbeach ; A. 1. Wilson, Berlin;
E. J. Wade, Brighton; W. R. Wade, Brighton; A. E. Wills, Belleville ;
H. W. Wilson, Huntley; W. M. Wright, Flesherton; J. Webster,
Toronto ; H. T. H. William.s, Clandeboye; S, N. Young, Ridgetown ;
H. A Yeomans, Belleville.

TIte Strathroy Methudiits. — The Strathroy Methodist district meet-
ing assembled in the town of Petrolea, May 2.S, 18S'.), Rev. Wm. Mc-
Donagh presiding. Rev. J. G. Fallis was elected secretary, and ('•. .1.
Kerr and W. ¥. Little were assistants. The laymen met the follow-
ing day. Rev. A. F. Russell, B. D., was elected to the Stationing
■Committee; Rev. Geo. Brown and James Shephard were elected to
the Sunday School Gommittee, and G. G. German to the Missionary
Committee.

Tihii following resolution was passed : —
Resolved — That we, the members of this Strathroy district, in an-
inml meeting assembled, hereby express our most decided di,sapproval

COUNTY OF MI DOLES KX.

085

of tlio incoi-jior.ition of tlie Jcstiits in tho I'roviiiei! nf Qiicber, mid tlio
{'ndownit'iit of said society from tliii ])ulilic funds. Wu lu'Iiove that
iho Dominion (loveninii'iit and onr ropri'sontativos in tlio Dominion
I'arliiiiruMit acted contrary to tlin interests of tliis country in not dis-
allowing said endowment, and vvc honor the noble thirteen who voted
for the resolution introduced by Col. 0'15rion, and wv, hereby declare
that we shall withhold our su]>]port from any ])olitical ]iarty that will
sell our rights for Jesuit votes and influence, and that wt: shall earn-
estly contend for equal rights for all and s]iecial ]irivileges to none.
We shall also hold ourselves in readiness to assist any association tliat
may take the necessary stejis for testing the constitutionality of saifl
incoqioration and endowment. We would also heartily commend the
Toronto Mail for the course it has taken in so fearlessly and ably ad-
vocating and defending the interest of the people on this great ques-
tion.

Went Middlesex llcfmini AssocUition. — The atnnial meeting of the
West Middlesex Reform Association, as constituted for Trovincial
elections, was held at Mt, IJrydges, May 28, 188'.>. The ])resident, M.
McCUigan, of Caiadoc, occui>ied the chair. The first business was tho
election of ofliccr.^, which resulted as follows : — President, Jas. F.
Sutherland, Mount Brydges; first vice-president, A. V. McDougall,
Reeve of Ekfrid; second vice-president, H. Lock wood, Delaware;
secretary, F. F. Evans, Strathroy; treasurer, B. Watterworth, Mo.sa.
Hon. (J. W. Ross, Minister of Education, was iiresent, and delivered
an address on the (luestions of the day, and more ])articularly in con-
nection with the educational department. Short addresses were also
delivered by D. M. Cameron, of Strathroy ; Geo. C. Jllliott, of Ekfrid,
and A. Stuart, of Glencoe.

Among otliers present were tho following gentlemen : —

Caradoc — Messrs. M. McCiugan, James F. Sutherland, H. Hardy,
W. Itobertson, Heiny Sutherland, William Francis, Robert IJond, Geo.
Bond, Cephas Sisson, Joseph Sisson, H. Lockwood, Wallace Malcolm,
Squire Northcott, Chas. Stuart, Wm. ^Miller, B. F. ]?artlett, Frank
Thompson. J. E. Brydoti and J. C. McCollum.

lyiosa — B. Watterworth, ])imcan Campbell and Wm. Webster.

Ekfrid — A. V. ^IcDougall, Jas. Pole, Alex. Douglass, Geo. C.
Elliott and Squire Campbell.

Glencoe — Alex. Stuart and J. McAlpine.

Delaware — Samuel Sutherland, F. Jarvis and Eli Perkins.

Strathroy — H. Urquhart (reeve), Wm. Geddes, D. M. Cameron, E.
Rowland, Jiis. Healey, J. Banghart, Eli Griffith, John Bond, J. D.
Meekison aiid F. F. Evans (Age).

The following gentlemen were then elected chainnen for the vari-
ous municipalities : — Caradoc, Henry Hardv ; Delaware, Sam'l Suther-
land; Ekfrid, A. P. ISIcDougall; Glencoe, J. Af. Tait ; Metcalfe, W. S.
Calvert ; Strathroy, J. P. Whitehead ; Mosa, Duncan Campbell ; New-
bury, Jas. Douglas ; Wards ville, W. W. Sheppard.

686

HISTORY f»K TIIK

Viefovt(t Cireh'. — In tho .sjniiij,' of lH8i), Do])iity Supremo Cniii-
luuiion F. IJall, of Ldiidon, iissistcd by Deputy Supreme Compiuiioi'
11. Dunn, of Loudon Soulli, iind ( 'oinpiinion Wiilliice, initiated Victoria
Circle, No. 70, Comjpiiuions of the Forest, iu Foresters' Hull, lioudon
West, with u meml)er.shi]) of about thirty. The following; ollicers were
elected: — VV. iJulV, chief commander ; Miss (i. (Jibson, sub-chief C(mi-
mander; Mrs. J)ull, treasurer; T. (Jlover, recordinj; secretary; H.
Mcl'herson, iinancial s;ecretary ; Miss Kaljih, rij,'ht <,'uide; Mrs. S.
Moore, left guide ; Mrs. T. Davidson, iiuier j^uard ; Dr. (r. N. Wilson,
physician. A lari,'e number of visitors were present from tho city
orders, and a number of speeches were made.

AuxtvalUvii l'i)j>ulatU>n. — The estimivted ]>o])ulation of Victoria on
December 31, LSHS, was 1,01)0,8(1'.» ; of New Scuith Waltis, l,0Sr.,:}5(i ;
and of South Australia, ;Ul,'.itJl. The estimated mean jjopulatiim for
the year of each of the metrojiolitan citii's of the colonies was as fol-
lows : — Melbourne, Victoria, 4 1 '■»,49(» ; Sydney, New South Wales, '.\~u,-
6!M); Bri.sbane, (Queensland, ,^5,800; Adelaide, South Au.stralia, 115,-
380; Hobart, Tasmania, :!4.4l'.); Wellington, New Zealand, 3(),5!I0 ;
Perth, Western Australia. '.•,300.

CoUegkife JnHtitute Examinations. — The following is the result
of the examinations held in tho Collegiate Institute in the spring of
1889:—

Sixth Form — Tho following have secured first-class honors : — Miss
M. Pocock, Miss Edith Vining, Miss C^lara Kobson, .Miss Maggie CJray,
and Miss C. Howie, while Harold Anderson and P. E. Mackenzie, rank
in second-cla.ss honors. Joseph Fowler obtained second-class hoiuirs
in algebi'a.

Fifth Form — Class II. — Mary Hamilton 6.) i)er cent., Edith Ryck-
man 62, Arthur Hotson 60, May Field 60, James Young 57, Eftie
Johnston 57, I3e,ssie Evans 54, Frank Hryant ."».'), Jessie Spittal 53,
Josie Jefl'rey 52, Peter Gardiner 52, J. M. Johnston 52, and Ed. E.
Reid 50, and Class I. in mathematics.

Cla.ss III. — Winnie Hotson 48, Minnie Trebilcock 46, Pertha Steele

44, Delia Bryant 43, Sarah Brett -11.

Fourth Form—Class I.— Marilla Judd 81, A. Casey 73, E. Sea-
borne 70, H. Brock 67.

Cla,ss II.— ('.Abbott 6."), T. 0' Brian 63, Ada JeHVey 62, Annie
Pearse 62, Charlotte Baxter (iO, Bertha Graham 60, Minnie Laidlaw
60, Annie McCurdy 60, Mary Oliphant 58, Maggie Bell 55, H. For-
sytho 55, Nellie CJreon 54, J. Cooper 53, Maggie Seaborne 52, H. Mc-
Ilwain 52, C. Morrison 52, A. Santo 51, K. W. Dickie 50, G. Pose 50,
Kate Colquhoun 50, Carrie Hobbs 50, Kate McArthur 50, Lizzie
Stewart o6.

Class III.— A Nugent 48, John A. Gordon 47, W. Hobbs 47,
Nellie McAulilfe 47, J. Greeufell 46, J. W. Plewes 46, Corinna Mayell

45, W. Stewart 44, W. Laidlaw 43, W. O. Johnson 36.
Third Form— Class I.— C. Sifton 67.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

G87

Cliiss II. — Miiiiii(! Hills (i'l, IJlanclu! Mills G4, Annio Adcock 64,
I?. Imiiiu'ss (;:i, \V. .1. Kennedy <i2. ('. ('arson (il, Miilu;! liiqity 6(»,
.Icnniu Wfttson HS, Clussie Kllinlt '>7, H. fliven3r)(>, K. Sifton 50, Wm.
IJucke TiO, May Vininj,' aa, Wni. l'()j)o at, O. Cuniiin;;hani r>-l, Fannie
Uoss n;;, May Miliar ;"»:!, A. Litth; a.S, KolHUt (Jray 52, A. Stiinjier 52,
Carrie Fleniinj^ 51, Jainos Carlisle 5(1, W. Hall 50, Wni. Ilendrio 50.

Cla,ss Ill.— Kate Leary 4'.t, .lolm 0'Hi<.'}^ins 4'.», E. V.. Strnthers 48,
C. Hose 48, Thomas (Carlisle 4S, .). rre.seott 47, Jaiiie Jacobs 47, Kobt.
Irwin 4(1, Geo. Aylsworth 4l), Geo. Seaborne 4(), J. McConncU 45,
Edward Wyatt 44, Frank (Juilleniont 43, A. G. Eraser 43, Coral Mc-
Nauf^hton 41, H. Moore 4(1, Edward 11. Mills 40, Wni. Macgoey 40,
Tlio.s. Kennedy .')4, B. Arninn ."i."!.

Class IV.— L. Keilly 30.

Second li— Class 1.— John :^I. Green RO, S. Chadwick 79, F. Baxter
70, H. 0'Hi<,'{,'ins 7(', Annie Daw.son 74, E. Williams 73, Wm. Hryan-
ton 71, Wm. Sla^,'lit71, Ed. Weir 71, H. Elliott 08, James Muir 70,
Emma I nee 70, James Davis 70.

Class II. — Lizzie Williams 05, A. E. Farncombe ()4, F. Fitzgerald
(14, 13. Gahan 64. Ed. McKihbin 62, A. C. Jack 01, II. Waide 5'.), L.
Iveenleyside 5'.», W. Scott 57, F. Omond 50, W. Goldner 55, James
Taylor 54, Delia Stajjleton 53.

Class III.— Wilton Lan*,' 48, II. Arnott 40, John D. McLeay 44,
George McGnfliu 44, ( 'harles Lilley 42, Edward Hunter 41.

Class IV.— J. Wolfe 32, Josej)!! Booth 31, H. llichardson 28, H.
Harper 27.

Second A — Class I. — Mabel Smith 71, I. McPherson 70, Beatrice
Gibson 69, W. Carson 08.

Class II.— Annie Beattio 64, Sarah, McEvoy 03, Wm. Clarke 62,
F. Westland 62, John Allin 61, Jas. Hazlett 5'.>, H. Sharman 5.S,
Florence O'Brien 58, Hattie McGeoch 50, Kathleen MuUins 50, Win.
Templeton 54, B. Morrison 54, H. Foote 54, Lanra Kains 54, Nellie
Denahy 51, Mary Howie 50, Carrie Porter 50, Fred. Eraser 50.

Class III. — Edgar (Jann 40, H. (,'ooke 48, Minnie Graham 48,
Laura Bilton 4<S, Wm. Simson 4G, Lily McEwen 45, Mamie Mc-
Donald 45, George Ford 42, B. C. Chapman 40, B. McFaddeu 40,
Aggie Mulligan 37, Ethel Bigolt :;7, F. Coles 32.

First B— Class 1. — J. Heaman 81, Jessie Tilley 73, Clara Ilorton
70, Minnie Martin 08, W. Tower 07, Rachel Wolf 07, Lulu Doidge
67, Dottie Cowan 66, Nellie Edge 6(1.

Class II.— CTavne 04, C. Anderson 62, F. Tweed (Jl, W. Eeid
61, S. Irvine 01, II. Harris 61, H. Rock 00, C. McBeth 60, Grace Mc-
Leay 57, L. Richardson 57, Flora Black 55, Lizzie Harvey 55, W.
Ho(iges 55, Viola Brown 54, W. Stewart 53, Ada Henderson 52, S.
Duhnageol, J. Mc Arthur 51, E. McCarthy 50, J. Muir 50, Mary
Evart 50, ¥j. Carnegie 50.

Class III.— Einna Kordes 49, E. J. Barker 40, C. Creighton 49,
Lilian Rourke 48, Nellie Dewing 48, C. Smith 47, S. Campbell 46,

G88

HISTORY OF THE

Maude Matthews 4(5, Bertha (Jlarke 4.'5, Jean Fraser 45, John Ken-
nedy 44, John Bland 43, Annie Koss 42.

Class IV.— L, McBride :\2.

First A — Class I. — Edith Hartson 73, N. McLeod i'Al

Class II. — F. Bapty (15, Mabel AVare tl4, W. Ince '>'J, Jennie
Steele ")9. Ethel Wyatt 58, F. Abey r>8, Flossie Burns 56, Lizzie
Thornton 56, :McR. Elson 56, W. Millard nC, F. Brown 55, K. B. Cody
54, W. Tillman 53, Clara O'Dell 53, Kosie Dawes 53, Louisa Dikno-
ethcr 52, Katie McKerricher 52, ^liniiie Stewart 50, A. C. Gunn 5(1,
F. Moorhead 50, A. McKerricher 50, James O'Higgins 50, J. A. Wil-
son 50, John Hobbs 50.

''lass III— Stella Harris 48, H. Bonser 48, E. Crawford 48, ("has.
Wilford 48, F. Waide 48, C. Turner 47, Wm. Shobbrock 47, C. J. Mc-
Arthur 47, C. Kearns 47, Minnie Sharp 47, Susie Powell 46, 11. Mc-
Gregor 46, H. Struthers 45, \V. Mc(.'onnell 43, Annie Wilson 42,
Edward Burness 41, ]\Iary ]\Iullins 37.

Class IV. — Arthur Essery :\0, Maude Sonthara 30, Maude Parker
28, Dora Larmour 27.

Scrajis of Early Histury* — The jiioneers who saw London gi'ow
uut of the wilderness have nearly all |)assed away, and much of the
history of those early days, with their rough methods of life and hard-
ships, must be looked for in documents and books. The best collection
of historical manuscripts relating to Upper Canada is undoubtedly that
found in the archives at Ottawa, under the charge of Mr. Douglas
Brynnier. This branch of the Government service is administered by
Hon. John Carling, and, quite recently, the Minister of Agriculture
found there were many pajjers in the collection which referred to the
history of London. In looking them over, he came ujjon the official
coiTespondence of CJovernor Sinicoe, which very clearly bears out the
statement, often made, that London was selected at one time as the
capital of Upper Canada. In a letter dated Montreal, December 7,
1791, marked "secret and confidential," Governor Simcoe writes to
Hon. Henry Dinidas as follows : —

" 1 am happy to have found in the surveyor's office an actual
survey of the Piiver La Tranche. It answers my most sanguine expec-
tations, and I have but little doubt that its communications witli
the Ontario and Erie will be ibund to be very practicable, the wliole
forming a route which, in all respects, may aimihilate the political
consequences of Niagara and Lake Erie. * * * ♦

My ideas at jn-csent are to assemble the new corps, artificers, &c., at
Cataraqui (Kingston), and to take its present garrison and visit Toronto
and the heads of La Tranche, to pass down that river to Detroit, and
early in the spring to occu])y such a central position as shall be pre-
viously chosen for the cajiital."

His Excellency was undoubtedly mistaken as to the navigability

♦ Ottawa correspondence to the Free Prciii>, May, l*-bO.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

(;8!>

of what is now known as tlio Soutli Branch of the Thames, witli T.ake
Ontario. Tiie Kiver La Tianclu' was later on called the Thames.
Four months later Governor Simcoe wrote further on the subject : —

" Toronto aii])ears to be the natural .arsenal of Lake Ontario and to
afford an easy access overland to Lake Huron. The River La Tranclu',
near the navigable head of which I ])ro])ose to establish the Cajiital, by
what 1 can gathiir from the few peojjle who have visited it, will allbrd
a safe, more certain, and I am inclined to think, by taking due advan-
tage of the season, a less expensive route to Detroit than that of
Niagara."

By lU'oclamation, dated at Kingston, July 16, 17!'2, La Tranche
was called " Thames." On the 20th of September, 1 793, (xovernor
Simcoe sent a survey of the Thames to Hon. Mr. Dundas, and said : —

"The tract of cou.itry which lies between the river (or rather
navigable canal, as its Indian name and French translation import)
and Lake Erie, is one of the finest for all agricultural ])urposes in
North America, and far exceeds the soil or climate of tlie Atlantic
States. There are few or no interjacent swamps, and a variety of use-
ful streams empty themselves into the lake, or the river." Again,
after stating his ideas about communication by road, &c., he says : —
"They lead to the propriety of establi.shing a Capital of Upper Canada,
which may be somewhat distant from the centre of the present colony.
* * * The (Japital I projiose to be established at New London."
Had this intention been cirried out London would have received a
great impetus a (jiuarter of a century before settlement actually began.

Up till LS19 the courts were held at Turkey Point, in the south-
west of the Township of t.'harlotteville. It was then called Port Norfolk.
There was a building there used as a Court-house. From 1816 to
lcS27 the courts were held at Vittoria, the Court-house costing £lt,(*OU.
In 1827, London was made the district town, and the offices removed
from Vittoria. There are few jiersons now living who actually remem-
ber this event. The late High Constable Groves was regarded as tlie
best authority in recent years on the early da3's about the Court-house,
and many an interesting reminiscence he used to tell of the times
when the stocks were used as a means of jjunishment, and other
])rimitive methods of the law prevailed.

Hon. Mr. Carling also found an inter .^sting letter from Major-
General Proctor to Major-General de Kf'tLenburg, dated at Ancaster,
October 23, 1813, in which tlie writer says :—

" 1 soon jierceived it would not be in my power to occupy the
narrows of the River Sinclair, as I had intended, and ]>revent the
enemy's vessels passing into Lake Huron. I had assured the Indians
tliat I would not desert them, and it was my full determination to have
made a stand at the Forks (Chatham), by which our vessels and .stores
would be ])rotected ; but after my arrival at Dover, three miles lower
down the jiver, I was induced to take post there."

Later on than 17S)1, Governor Simcoe altered his mind about the

ii;

690

HISTORY OF THE

advantages which London prcstMited as a site for the capital, and
Toronto was chosen instead.

Among the many qnaint and interesting old ]iapei's which the
archive vaults contain is a sub3cri])tion list for the building of a bridge
over the two lower forks of the Thames. The date is obscure, but the
document is supposed to have been drawn up between the years 1804
and 1(S0'.». The site of the bridge is believeil to have been near Chat-
ham, although it might also be held with some ])lausibility that Lon-
don was referred to. The subscriptions were in cash, bushels of
wheat, gallons of whisky, or labor. Whisky was not then subject
to the tax which now makes it such a luxury, and those who gave eight
shillings in money were ja'obably contributing as much r.s those who
gave ten gallous of old rye. The list will be interesting to those who
may recognize the names of ancestors in it, particularly in the coun-
ties of Es,sex and Kent, and it is given : —

^Latthew Dolson, 12 bushels of wheat; Thos. McCrea, 12; John
Kitson, 4 ; John Smith, 2 ; Geo. Secket.sell, 4 ; David Tait, 2 ; Kobt.
Bedford, 2 ; Wni. Boyle, 6 ; John lilackburn, 2 ; Kobt. Miller, 3 ;
Lewis Arnold, 4 ; John Arnold, 4 ; Job Manchester, 2 ; Wm. Everit,
4 ; John Wheator, ; Israel BiUTett, :{ ; David Harley, 4 ; David Mc-
Kergan, 4; Wm. Shaw, 6; Lsiuic William.s, 4; Wra. Howard, 4;
Chas. Kelly, o ; Joseph Abbott, ; Peter Downie, o ; John Martin,
5; Geo. VVindecker, 4; Ephr. Barker, 2; Edward Richardson, 6;
Joseph Haslet, 4 ; Joshua Cornwall, ; Limal Shearman. 5 ; John
Eeynolds, 8 ; George Reynolds, 6 ; Richard Jackman, 4 ; Daniel
Asdell, 4 ; Stephen Casler^ 4 ; John Julian, 5 ; Joseph Johnson, 4 ;
Francis Cornwall, 8 ; Prindle Hubbell, 4 ; Samuel Choate, 6 ; Elihu
Cornwall, 5 ; Donald McDonell, 2 ; Timothy Desmond, 2 ; John Gor-
don, 2; John Ducast, 2; Wm. Harper & Son, 6; Isaac French, 4;
John Lipscomb, 3 ; John Mullin, 2 ; Daniel Rooker, 3 ; Hugh Holmes,
2 ; Daniel Fields, 6 : Aug. Dufette. *■ ; I'eter Traxler, (J ; Ab. Iredell,
6 ; John Cheapley, 6 ; Wm. Lightford, 4 ; Geo. Hicks, 2 ; Jos. Country-
man and men, 4 ; Geo. Ward, 6 ; John Goose, 2 ; Hezekia Wilcox, 2 ;
Sylvan Reynolds, 2 ; Ananias Ogden, 2 ; Jas. Forsyth, 6 ; Daniel Dol-
son, 8 ; Isaac Dolson, sr., 10 ; Edward Watson, 8 ; Thos. Crowe, 8 ;
Thos. Williams, 4 ; Geo. Jacobs, 2o ; Wm. Coll, 4 ; And. Hamilton,
4 ; Peter Young, 2 ; Thos. Smith, 4 ; James Dolson, jr., 3 ; Gideon
Tiffany, G ; sundries, 80 ; Peter Reed, 8 shillings ; Thos. Willets, 4
days' labor ; James Spears, 4 days' labor ; James McGarvin, 4 gallons
whisky ; John Sisenal, 2 gallons whisky ; Wm. Park, 10 bushels
wheat; Wm. Caldwell, 10 bushels wheat; Gregor McGregor, 4 bushels
wheat; Antoine Batishon, 3 days' labor; Thos. McKee, 10 shillings,
10 bushels wheat, 3 gallons whisky ; P. Selb}"^, 10 shillings ; George
Ermatinger, 1 shilling ; A. Masonville, jr., 3 bushels wheat ; J. B.
Barthe, jr., 3 bu.shels wheat ; B. Chappel, 10 shillings; Dulf & Leith,
10 gallons whisky ; Wm. Leaberry, 10 shillings ; Jos. Reauu^e, 8 shil-
lings; Justus Allen, 8 shillings; H. S. Mackay, 16 shillings ; W. Dull",

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

091

16 shillings ; Wm. Mackle, 8 shillings; Win. Searl, 16 shillings, P.
Williams, <S shillings ; Kobt. Grant, 5 bushels wheat ; Wheeler Corn-
wall, 12 shillings; John Asking, sr., 10 bushels wheat; Andrew Mac-
intosh, 10 bushels wheat; Peter Baby, 10 bushels wheat; F. Baby, 5
bushels wheat; Wm. Smith, 5 gallons whisky; James Wood, £ I 10s.;
James Allen, IG shillings; Robert Innes, 5 bushels wheat; Wm. CJil-
kinson, 16 .shillings; John and James McGregor, 20 gallons whisky;
J. and B. Baby, 20 bushels wheat ; Wra. Forsyth, £1 12s. ; Moses
David, 5 bushels whest ; II. M. Marchand, 5 bushels wheat ; Rev. R.
Pollard, £1 -Is. ; and Wm. Harris, 16 shillings. These made up a
total subscription of £26 2s. in cash, 563 bushels of wheat, 44 gallons
of whisky and 11 days' labor.

Early Fair Premiums. — On October 7, 1851, at the old fair
grounds, east of the city, the following premiums were awarded, the
ladies' exhibit being shown in the market-house in London : —

Class I. — Best span of mares, William Grieve, £1 5s. ; second best
span of mares, William Routledge, £1 ; third best span of mares,
Donald Fraser, 15s. Best brood mare, James Nixon, £1 ; second best
brood mare, Christopher Walker, los. ; third best brood mare, John
Wilson, 10s, Best two-year-old filly, John Bogue, £1 ; second best
two-year-old filly, Francis Nichol, 15s ; third best two-year-old filly,
James Ray, 10s. Best two-year-old gelding, £1 ; second best two-
year-old gelding, Alexander Kerr, 15s. ; third best two-year-old geld-
ing, Leslie Pearce, 10s. Best yearling colt, Christopher Walker, 15s. ;
second best yearling colt, Donald Durand, 10s. ; third best yea:ling
colt, George Douglass, 53. Best foal, Peter Graham, 15s. ; second best
foal, Christopher Walker, 10s. ; third best foal, Richard Stephens, 5s.

Class II. — Best milch cow, George Robson, £1 5s.; second best
luilch cow, Christopher Walker, £1 ; third best milch cow, Charles
Coombs, 15s. Best three-year-old heifer, £1 ; second best three -year-
old heifer, Francis Nichol, I5s. ; third best three-yearold heifer, Mr.
Locke, 10s. Best two-year-old ox, Stephen Summers, £1 ; second best
two-year-old ox, Leslie Pierce, 15s. ; third best two-year-old ox, Daniel
^lann, 10s. Best yearling ox, John Stiles, 15s. ; second best yearling
ox, Leslie Pierce, 10s.; third best yearling ox, Mr. Martin, 5s. Best
yoke of working oxen, Joseph Hughes, £1 5s. ; second be.?t yoke of
working oxen, James Nixon, £1 ; third best yoke of working oxen,
Francis Nichol, 15s. Best yoke of three-year-old steers, John Little,
£1 ; second best yoke of three-year-old steers, George Robson, 15s. ;
third best yoke of three-year-old steers, George Belton, lOs. ; fourth
best yoke of three-year-old steers, George Rob.son, 5s. Best bull calf,
Francis Nichol, 15s.; second best bull calf, Christopher Walker, lOs. ;
third best bull calf, Mr. Locke, 5s. Best heifer calf, William Martin,
15s.; second best heifer calf, John Wilson, M. P. P., lOs. ; third best

heifer calf, William Steele, 5s. Best
second best fat ox, James Baird, £1 ;

fat ox, George Pegler, £1 5s. ;
third best fat ox, James Baird,

15s. Best fat cow, Anthony Pegler, £1 5s. ; second best fat cow, Wm.
Steele, £1; third best fat cow, John Elson, 15s.

092

HISTOUY OF TlIK

Class IIT. — Best ram, Walter Nixon, £1 ; second best ram, Francis
Nichol, I'ls. ; third best ram, Christopher Waugh, 10s. 1 Jest yearling
ram, AN'illiam Beattie, £1 ; second best yearling mm, William lieattie,
15s.; third l)e.st yearling ram, William P)eattie, lOs. Best tup lamb,
William Steele, Ins.; second best tup lamb, William Beattie, lOs ;
third best tup lamb, William Steele, 53. Best pen of breeding ewes,
Joseph Coulsou, £1 ; second l.iest pen of breeding ewes, William Beat-
tie, 15s. ; third best pen of breeding ewes, William Steele, 10s. Best
pen of yearling ewes, William Steele, .£1 ; second best pen of yearling
ewes, William Jieattio, l.")s. ; third best pen of yearling ewes, Jo.seph
CouLson, 10s. Best jjcu ewe lambs, William Beattie, l-is. ; second best
pen ewe lambs, W'illiam Steele, 10s. ; third best pen ewe lambs, Jo.seph
('oulson, 5s. Best pen of fat sheej), Christo])her Walker, £1 ; second
best pen of fat sheep, Francis Nichol, 1 .")s. ; third best pen of fat sheep,
Christopher Walker, 10s. Best ]>en of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris-
topher Walker, £1 ; second best pen of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris-
topher AValker, 15s.; third best pen of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris-
topher Walker, 10s.

Class IV. — Best boar, William Moore, £1 ; second best boar, Mr.
Bennot, 15s.; third best boar, William Moore, lOs. Best boar pig,
Joseph Coulson, £1 ; second best boar pig, Joseph CouLson, 15s. ; third
best boar pig, Jo.seph Kowel, 10s. Best breeding sow, Joseph Land,
£1 ; second best breeding sow, Christopher Walker, 15s. ; third best
breeding sow, William ^loore, 10s. Best sow pig, Joseph Coulson,
20s.; second, -loseph Anderson, 15s. ; third, Jo.seph Land, 18s. Be.st
fat hog, Alexander Kerr, 20s. ; second, Wm. Steele ; third, George
Pegler, 10s. Best fat pig, George Pegler, 20s.

Dairy Produce — Best firkin of butter, Alexander Kerr, 20s. ;
second best firkin of butter, William Warner, 15s. ; third best firkin of
butter, William Peeve, lOs. Best cheese, Thomas Lewi.s, £1 ; .second
best cheese, Walter Nixon, 15s ; third best cheese, Richard Misner,
Ids.

Grain — Best barley, Hugh Kennedy, £1 ; second best barley, C.
Walker, 15s.; third best barley, John Long, lOs. Best spring wheat,
C. Walker, £1 ; second best spring wheat, C. Walker, 15s. ; third best
spring wheat, William Warner, Ids. Best China wheat, Hugh Kenedy,
£1; secopd best China wheat, Wm. Patrick, 15s.; third be.st China
wheat, C. Walker, Ids. Best Indian corn, Richard Misner, £1 ; second
best Indian corn, Walter Nixon, 15s. ; third best Indian corn, Joseph
Hughes, lOs.

Fruit. — Best apples, Richard Misner, lO.s. ; second best apples,
Wm. Warner, 5s. ; best pt^aches, Richard Misner, Ids. ; second best
peaches, Richard Misner, 5s.

Hops. — Best hops, George Pelton, £1 ; second best hops, Richard
Stephens, 15s. ; best broom corn, George Harper, £1.

Domestic Cloth. — Wm. Patrick, third rate prize, 10s.

Ladies' Work. — Best Worsted Socks, Mrs. Dr. Wanless, 10s. ; best

COUNTY OF MIDDLKbEX.

G'J3

shirt, ]\[i's. Dr. Wiinless, IHs. ; Imst straw hat, Miss Kennedy, 10s. ; best
crotchet work, Miss Corogan, £1 ; best einbroiiiory, Miss Mitchell, £1 ;
best fancy netting, i\Irs. Duttery, £1 ; best ornamental netting. Miss
Askin, £1.

Agricultural lni])leinents. — Best turnii» cutter, Leslie Pierce; best
turni]) drill, Leslie Tierue ; scraper or levelling box, William "Walker ;
best cultivator, ^[. Anderson ; best cooking stove, M. Anderson ; best
hiiU stove, M. Anderson ; best set of liarness, Alexander McDonald ;
best -wood ])low, Jackson & Elliott ; fanning-mill, Lewis M. Crosby ;
churn, Lewis AL ( 'rosby ; fancy Ijroom, G. W. Har])er ; plucton, ]\L'U'cus
Holmes; covered Boston buggy, Marcus Holmes; covered Canada
Iniggy, ^farcus Holmes; common waggon, ^L'lrcus Holmes.

Cabinet Ware. — Best bedstead, Klizabethan style, .lames Lavrock ;
fancy work table, James Lavrock ; best telescope dining taljle, Joseph
Jell'ry ; sideboard, Jose])h Jefi'ry ; half-ilozen chairs, of dill'erent patterns,
Jf)sei)h Jell'ry ; fancy che.st of drawers, J o.seph Jetfry ; rocking-chair,
Joseph Jell'ry ; reclining easy chair, .loseph Jell'ry ; best sofa, Joseph
Jelfry ; centre table, J. B. Merrill; picture frame, J. B.Merrill; dining
room chair, J. B. ]\Ierrill.

Miscellaneous. — Best ([uilt knitting. Miss Wigmore ; oil paintings,
John Ashton ; engraving, John C. Capron; Masonic medal, Mr.
Dewey; Woollen cloth, Jo.seph Ander.son ; book-binding, llobert Reid ;
silk hat, T. M. J^ixon; Raccoon robe, T. M, Dixon ; gilt picture frame,
E. Miller; ])rinting, H. A. Newcombe ; rifle, W. H. Soper; side sole
leather, S. Morrill ; boot upper, S. Morrill ; calfskin, 8. Morrill ; mud
boots, W. ILEssery; ladies' boots, J. Arnold; slippers, J. Arnold;
th'es.sed sheepskin, Mr. Lamand ; saddle, J. F. Darch.

CaiKulidu Order of Foresters. — Court Strathvoy, Xo. 147, C. O. F.,
nu;t at their lodge rooms at Strathroy on May 17, 1889, when the
following ollicers for the ensuing term were duly installed : — .Fohn
Elli.s, C. R. ; George Orchard, V. C.R.; Neil Dewar, financial secretary ;
Thomas Irvine, recording secretavv ; Thos. Carr, cha]>lain ; W, Moore,
«. W. ; S. Cook, J. W. ; 'w. Green, S. B. ; Thomas Morrow, J. B. ; Dr.
A. S. Thompson, court iihy.sician.

When we pause to think that this beautiful country — ^low com-
pletely coiKpiered by Celt, Norman and Anglo-Saxon — ^yielding
abundantly tlie various productions needed to supply the demand of
their growth, was within a life-time the haunt of wild beasts and their
hunters, we can scarcely comprehend the change. Xor yet can the
young men and women of to-day conceive intelligently what they owe
to those j)ioneers who first invaded the land in civilization's cau.se, who
reduced the primeval forest to subjection, and turned up the virgin soil
to the sun's- mellowing ray.s. Ah! only tho.se who Iiave been here
from the first, and witnessed the gradual progress which the i)ass-
iug years have wrought, can realize the change, or apjireciate the
struggles and sufferings of the ])ioneers of jirogress. Tlien men had
to fight day after day to secure the simjjlest food for themselves and

C94

HISTORY OF THE

families. Trials, now unendurable, had to be encountered. Ah 1 while
working out their own ends those people of long ago were the uncon-
scious disciples of civilization, cleaving a path to the new world of
})rogress, and paving the road for a future of successful eflbrts in
the° work of utilizing Nature's resources, to supply civilized man's
necessities.

1" '1

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

(i'J5

CHArTER XLII.

THK EXPLOKATION OF CANADA*

There is an irreconcilable dill'erence of opinion between the authori-
ties as to the man who is rif»htfully entitled to claim the honor of first
setting foot on Canadian soil. If the Norse Sagas can be accepted as
reliable sources of history, Leif Erikson, who, in the year 1000, set
forth on a daring quest southward, and after touching at " HuUuland "
and " Markland " (by which it is asserted were meant Newfoundland
and Nova Scotia), finally brought up at Vinland (Massachusetts), was
the first European to tread the American shore. But in spite of
Professor liafn and the old mill at Newport, K. I., the Norseman's
title has been much discredited, and the honor his patriotic country-
men would confer upon him is by other investigators transferred to
one among that brave band of Portuguese navigators whose fearless
enterprise revealed not one, but two. New Worlds to the Old World
of the fifteenth century. According to the authorities, while Diaz and
Vasco di Gama were seeking a new route to India via the Cape of
Good Hope, or rather the Cape of Storms, as it was then called, John
and Sebastian Cabot, father and son, a dauntless pair of sea-dogs, with
a commission from Henry VII. of England, were speeding across the
unknown Atlantic, in full faith of finding a north-west passage, which
would lead them by a director route to the same golden goal, and it
would seem as if the same year, 1497, beheld the discovery of Eng-
land's present domain in South Africa and in North America.

The Cabots at that time ventured no farther than Newfoundland
and Labrador, of which they took possession in the name of England ;
but the following year, Sebastian, the younger, having the same pur-
pose in view, sailed as far north as Hudson's Straits, and then, barred
by icebergs, turned southward and skirted the coast down to Chesapeake
Bay, landing at several places and partially exploring the fertile country
he had thus discovered. It was upon these discoveries that Great
Britain founded the claim she afterwards so successfully asserted, to
the greater part of North A lerica.

In 1499 Jaspard Cortereal, a rival of Cabot, essayed to follow in
his footsteps, and, with two ships furnished him by the Portuguese
Government, reached the Labrador coast, and is generally credited with
having given that region a title, " Terra Laborador " (land which may
be cultivated), that has been abbreviated into its present appellation.
He also entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and explored it to some
extent, but of the result of his investigations no record remains.

'Adapted from the Canadian Handbook of 1886.

6'J6

HISTOliV OF THE

Two othor oxiiloici'3 of this <,'rt;ut <^uli' wi'vo Dmiy.s iiiid Atihci't, two
French ii;ivij,';Uoi'.s, who nuide Uiuir way there in the yeai's loUti mul
150S respectively.

Meuntinie, the ricli lislieries of the NewfouncUaiid banks, whose
treasures are i)raetically inexhaustible, were beini,' drawn upon for the
first time l)y tiie hardy JJreton, Uasiiue and Norman fishermen, of
wliose visits the name Cajie Hreton, found upon the earliest maps,
furnishes an interesting nu'morial.

Xonc! of (he voya{,'es thus Laken, however, had any reference to
the settlenu'nt of the country. It was reserved for France to make
tile first attem])t in this direction, when, in the year 1518, the liaron
de Lery fitted out an ex])edition willi that end in view. Unfortunately
the Fates were not la'opitious to this venture, and beyond the landing
of some horses on Sable Island, wluM'e they multi])lied remarkably,
anil exist in droves to the present day, nothing was accomplished.

France had as yet done little in exploring or occupying any i)or-
tion of this boundless continent, whose wealth was filling the coller.s
of her rivals, and Francis I. resolved to claim a share of the prize.
' .Shall the Kings of Spain and Portugal," ho exclaimed, " divide an
America between them ? I would like to see the clause in Fatlier
Adam's will be(iueathing that vast inheritance." Under his direction,
therefore, in 1'>'24, Verrazzani, a Florentine, was sent forth, lie
langed the coast from Florida to .")0^ north latitude, and with superb
assurance annexed, on behalf of Franco, the entire region previ-
ously explored by the Cabots, designating it "New France." The
rival claims arising from (hose exj>lorations were the chief grounds of
tlie long and l)loody conflict, which, later on, was waged between Great
Ihitain and France, for the jjossession of this magnificent region
lM!youd the seas, and the nuiritimo suprenuicy that went with it.

Thus fitfully and feebly were the first attempts to found settle-
ments on the North American coast carried on up to the close of the
first (quarter of the sixteenth century, and, without anything practical
or permanent being achieved.

Settlement by the French. — In the year lij;_!4 when France had
somewhat rallied from the disaster inflicted u])on her during recent
wars, fresh enterprises were undertaken in the New World, and on the
2Uth April of that year the real discoverer of Canada proper — -lacques
Cartier, a native of St. Malo, was sent out with two small vessels of
about sixty tons each. Sailing through the Straits of Belle Isle he
scanned the laarreu coast of Labrador, and almost circumnavigated
Newfoundland. Turning thence south-westward, he passed the Mag-
dalen Islands, and on a glorious duly day entered the large bay, for
which the intense heat suggested the name of " des Chaleurs " it bears
to this day. On the rocky headland of Gaspe he lauded and, erecting
a huge cross bearing the Jleuf-de- lis of France, took possession of the
country in the name of his sovereign, Francis I.

Learning from the natives of the existence of a gre.at river leading

COUNTy OF MIDULKSEX.

01)7

so far u]) into the interior tliat " no man Inul over traced it to its
source," he sailed up the (lulf of St. Lawrence until he could see land
on either side. But the season heinj^ well advanced, he deemed it
jmident to go no farther until he should niturn next summer.

Delighted with the re))ort his faithful lieutenants brought back, the
French king, in the following year, fitted Cartier out with three fine
vessels, of which the largest was 120 tons burthen, and despatched
him with the s])ecial blessing of the bishoj) of St. Malo and with a
commission from himself to '■ form settlements in the country and
open traflic with the native tribes." The little squadron reached the
mouth of the St. Lawrence about the middle of duly, and the 10th of
August being the festival of Saint Lawrence, Cartier gave the name of
that saint to the small bay in which he then was, since when it has
l)een extended to cover the entire gulf aiul river.

Contiiming up the noble stream, he came, on Se])tember 7th, to a
fertile, vine-clad island, which he named the Isle of Bacchus, it is
now the Island of Orleans. Here Donnacona, the kins; of the Algon-
quin nation, made him a state visit, accomi)anied by no less than five
hundred followers in twelve huge canoes; and seven days later, having
made up his mind to winter in the coinitry, ( "artier anchored his fleet
at the mouth of the St. t'harles river, where stood the Indian town of
.Stadacona, beneath the high beetling promontory now crowned with
the hi.storic ramparts of Quebec.

Impatient to explore the river stretching out so grandly before him,
Cartier advanced with fifty men in his smallest vessel. But the sand-
bar of Lake St. Peter compelled him to take to his boats. In these he
])ressed onward, until on October I'lid he reached the populous Indian
town of Hochelaga, nestling beneath the wood-crested height, which
with characteristic loyalty he called " Alont lioyal," since anglicized
into Montreal. The friendly natives thronged the shore by Imndredis,
and received the pale-faced strangers with manifestations of the utmost
delight, loading their boats with lavish presents of corn and fish. From
his kindly hosts, Cartier learned of the existence, far to the west and
south, of inland seas, broad lands and mighty rivers, then an almost
unbroken solitude, now the home of a prosperous people.

After three days of pleasant intercourse, Cartier returned to Stada-
cona and wintered there, his little force sutlering severely from insuffi-
cient food and inadequate clothing, being also plagued with scurvy of
a malignant type, whoise violence neither processions, vows, nor litanies
availed to stay. The following spring he returned to France, taking
with him, much against their will. King Donnacona and nine of hia
chiefs as living trophies of his expedition.

Five years elapsed before Cartier returned to Canada, and this
time he had with him the Sieur de Itoberval whom the French Mon-
arch had created Lieutenant-General and Viceroy of his newly ac-
<iuired possessions. The natives were at first friendly as before, but
became hostile on learning that Donnacona and his companions had

(i98

IIISTOIIV OK TlIK

'tl

not returned; and Cavlier's (rcaelKny l)e[;an to recoil nj)on liis own
head. Aiiotlier i,'l()oniy winter wu.s spent, and a<^ain tlie wouM-Im!
colonists went back home disheartened, althouj^h liolHM'vai, who met
them at Newfoundland, tried hard to retain them. Koberval eon-
tinued on his course and wintered at Cajjc lioui^e, whither, in IW,'},
("artier was sent to carry the order for his recall, and the lattta- after
endiu'inj,' a third wintiir, left the country in the aprinj^ of 1544 never
to return.

With the disastrous failure of all these early oxixditions, the ell'orts
of France to cohmize Canada \vv\v susjiended for a IV.!! half century,
with the sin<;le excejition of the Manjuis de la lioche's quixotio
attempt to .settle Sable Island with a baud (»f convicts selected from
the royal jtrisons — an attenijit, it need hardly be said, that had no
other result than to furnish historians with a hij^hly ronuiutic epi.sode,
and a siH)t on that "dark i.sle of mournini,'" with the name of the
" French Gardens."

With the opening of the seventeenth century there a|)pea"s upon
the scene one of the most remarkable of the many remarkable men
who have taken an active part in mouldinij the destinies of Canada.
This was Samuel de Cham])lain, wlio.se hi<,'h (iualiti(!S both as sailor
and soldier, marked him out as one ])eculiarly fitted for the task of
ojiening up New France to civilization. Accordin<;ly, in ItiOli, he was
couMuissioned, in conjunction with Font^rave, for this arduous enter-
prise, and his first voyaj^e, which produced nothing but a cargo of furs,
was made in that year. Two years later, however, ho returned in
connection with a much larger expedition lieaded by the Sieur de
Monts, who had obtained a i)atent of the viceroyalty of La Cadie, or
Acadie, now called Nova Scotia, and the first actual settlement by
Europeans within the boundaries of the present Dominion of Canada
was then (1605) made by de Monts at Port Koyal (now Annapolis
Iioyal), and there the first field of wheat ever sown by the hand of
white man in all Canada was sown — winter wheat it was, for Pourtrin-
court says " it grew under the snow." The little colony here estab-
lished, after a fitful existence of several years, was finally destroyed
by the English under Argall, the bitter strife between the French and
English nations, which disturbed the continent for one hundred and
fifty years, there finding its beginning, and making, during its con-
tinuance, Port Royal famous as the most assaidted spot on this con-
tinent. It has been taken by force five times by the English — l<y
Argall in 1013, by Kirk in 1621, by Sedgwick in 1654, by Phipps in
1690, and by Nicholson in 1710. It was by them abandoned or
restored to the French four times — by Argall in 1613, by treaty of
St. Germain in 1632, by treaty of Breda in 1667, and by treaty of
Eyswick in 1697. It was unsuccessfully attacked by the English
three times — by Church in 1694, by March in 1707, and by Wain-
wright also in 1707. It was unsuccessfully attacked by the French
and Indians twice — in July, 1744, by Abbe de Loutre, and in Septeni-

COUNTY OF MIIiDI.KHKX.

f.99

1)01", 1744, by DuvivuT. It was taken, siickeii and abaniloncnl twico —
onco by jiiratos in ICiDO, and once by IJniUid Ktat".s rovolntionary forces
in 17N1.

Clianiplain, in IGOH, oiicu more ascended tlie broad St. Lawrence',
and on tlie ;5rd of .Inly, l)eneath the cra<,'j,'y heij^ditu of (j)u(d)C(;, laid the
foundations of one of the most faniou.4 cities of the new wfirid. The
colonists soon were comfortably housed and the land chs'ircd for tillaj^o.
'J'lieneeforward, durin;^ nuiny years, the history of Quebec was tho
history of (.."anada, and its ainials contain little l)eyond the i)athetic
strujj<,'l('S of the colonists with IIk! dillicidties of their situation, and tho
dant^eis wliirli constantly nienaciul them from their Indian foes. For
the intense; hostility of the Indians, the French were themselves
wliolly to blame. It is told above with what iiij,'ratitud(! Cartier
treated Donnacona, and now t'hami)lain foolishly incurred the implac-
able hatred of the jiowerful Inxiuois nation, by joining forces with the
Alj^oniiuius in an attack upon one of their stronj^holds. The tempor-
ary advantaj^e thereby gained was dearly })aid for by a century and a
lialf of ra])ine, jjlunder and nameless barbarities.

The I'rince of Conde, Adnural Montmorency, and the Duke of
Ventadour became successively viceroys of Canada; but the valor,
fidelity and zeal of Champlain commanded tho confidence of them all.
JJauntle.ss and tireless, he exjjlored the St. Lawrence and Ottawa
Jlivers, warred against the Indians, visited the mother country again
and again in the interests of his beloved colony, strengthened the de-
fences of Quebec; in fact was the heart and soul as well as tho head
of the entire enterprise. Whih; he was Governor of Quebec, the little
town was invested by Sir David Kirk, acting under instructions from
the English court, and starved into an honorable surrender in the yea'
1G29. Hut it turning out that peace had been concluded between the
nations before the surrender, by tho Treaty of St. Germain signed in
1G;32, the whole of Canada, Cape Breton and Acadie was restored to
the French. Three years later, Chamjdain's busy life drew to a close,
and on Christinas day the noble soul, whose character was more like
that of knight-enant of mediieval romance than that of a practical
soldier of the seventeenth century, passed jieacefully away at the
Castle of St. Louis, which he himself had built upon the summit of
the cliffs of Quebec.

Champlain had many successors in the arduous office of governor
of New France, but none of like spirit, until Fronteuac came in lt)73,
and the colony grew very slowly, scarce one hundred Europeans being
added to it during the five years succeeding Champlain's death ; while in
1GG2, when the charter of the Hundred Associates, a company which
promised much and performed little, was annulled, the total foreign
population did not exceed two thousand souls. The chief reason of
this slow growth, as compared with the rapid advance made by the
English colonies in Virginia and Now England, was that, under Jesuit
direction, far more interest was taken in the conversion of the savages

roo

IirsTOUY OV THE

tlian ill the colonization of tho oonntvv. Frotn ir).".2 to 1082, j)rit'.sts of
tlu' Jesuit, Kccollt't and other orth'rs, truverseil tlie hiiid, undimMted
by tnickless forests, terrible in'iviitionH, inereiless foes iiml ii|)]iiilliiig
loneliness, ])ushin<,' the work of the church wherever human heiiif^s were
to be founii and souls saved. The Jesuits were the |)ioneers of civiliza-
tion in the Far West. Their aiuiual reports, which have been collected
and published by the Canadian (.lovernnient in three laryo volumes,
entitled " Kelations des Jesuits," constitute a jierfect mine of jiriceless
information on early Canadian history. Conspicuous anioni,' them
were I'eres Hennepin, Manjuette, La Salle, Alloe.y, Dablon and Joliet;
and many ii jjriest heroically laid down his life rather than swerve aside
or turn back from the forward course he believed God had called hiui
to j)urRue.

In the s])ring of 1642 the foundations of Montreal, the future com-
mercial metropolis of Canada, were laid by Montmaj,'ny with all the
pious pomp and churchly ceremonial possible amidst such ])riniitivo
sun'oundin<,'s ; and thus onward into the heart of the country civiliza-
tioiL slowly made its way, fighting with the relentless Indians for every
foot of the ])assage.

In l()7li the Count de Frontenac was appointed governor ; and, next
to Chamj)lain, he is in every way tho most con.s])icuous figure among
the early holders of that oilice. The chief glory of his administration
was the sjnrit of daring exploration and discovery by which it was
characterized, the grandest achievement of all being the exploration of
the Mississijipi liiver and the Great West under Joliet, Maniuette, i-a
Salle and Hennepin. The suHerings of the colonies from the Indians,
more especially the Iroquois, were terrible during this period, and at
times it seemed as if they would really succeed in driving the detested
" pale faces " from the country. Then in 16SH came the breaking out
of war between France and England, leading to hostilities between tho
French and New England colonies. These were carried on with vary-
ing success until the two nations came to terms again, and by the
Treaty of Kyswick (1697) restored to each other whatever conquests
they had succeeded in making. The following year Frontenac died
and was succeeded by De Callieres.

After four years of })eace, the war of the Spanish succession again
involved England and France in bloody strife, which, of course, had to
be shared by the colonies, and thenceforward until 1713 tragic scenes
were enacted from the ocean-laved shores of Acadia to the pathless
forests of the West, in which French, English and Indian warriors out-
vied one another in the lust for blood.

By the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) the whole of Acadia, Newfound-
land and Hudson's Bay were given to England, in whose j)ossessiou
they have ever since remained.

During the long period of ])eace that noM- ensued, the population
of Canada, which by a census taken in 1721, was found to be only
25,(300, slowly increased, and its internal development made consider-

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

701

al)l(! pro^'i'css. Tim cultivation of tliu soil was, however, p'enily
iiej,'I('ct,eil for tlio sediietive fur tnulo, wiiidi possL'ssed for tlio iulvoutur-
iWiH VDydiiimr awd cdKirin' <li; IioIn h fiiseiimtiou that even its etior-
inous prolits did uot Vr-lioUy explain. Assuniiiij,' tint garli, these often
assumed the social habits of the red men, living in their wigwams,
marrying their daughters, and rearing a dusky hrood of children from
whom have descended the Metis, or halfhreeds, which were a few
years ago brought into jirominence through their rebellion in the
North-west.

In 1744, the war of the Austrian succession once more involved
the colonies in a series of hostilities, which were chiefly remarkalde fo"
the capture of the supptKul impregnable fortress of Loui.sburg in Cape
lireton by the English under rej^perell (174")), and the tir.st ap]iear-
iince of (ieorge Washington, "the. father of his country," who was then
a valued oflicer in the army of tlm English coloiut;s. The war term-
inated between the principals with the Treaty of Ai.\-la-Chappelle
(I74.S), but this truce was regarded by both nations as only a breath-
ing si)ell to prejiare for the coming struggle that would decide the
j)os.session of the continent.

The year I74'.i saw the foundations of Halifax, the capital of Nova
Scotia, laid by Governor (Jornwallis, and the first muttering of the
spirit of rebellion on the jiart of the Acadian coloni.sts of the jnovince
that si.\ years later rendered altogether unavoidable their comjilete
exjjatriation — an event, the true featiu-es of which Longfellow has in
his iioem " Evangeline " obsciu'ed beneath a glamour of romance and
I)athos.

In 17."i4 the expected conflict ojKMied with a brush between a small
body of troojjs under Washington and a party of French soldiers under
Jumonville at Fort de Quesue. Washington took the initiative, and,
as J^ancroft says, his command to " fire " " kindled the world into a
flame." It ])recii)itated the tremendous struggle which, fought out to
the bitter end on the jilains of India, on the waters of the Mediterran-
ean and the Spani.sh Main, on the gold coast of Africa, on the ramjjarts
of Louisburg, on the heights of Quebec, and in the valley of the Ohio,
resulted in the utter ditfeat of the French and the destruction of their
sovereignty on the American continent, and pre])ared the way for two
im])ortant events ; the independence of the United States, and the
foundation of the unique Empire which, unlike Russia and the United
States, " equally vast but not continuous, with the ocean flowing
through it in every direction, lies, like a World-Venice, with the sea
for streets, — Greater Britain."

The fluctiiating fortunes of that fearful conflict, as the tide of war
ebbed and flowed over the plains, down the rivers and through the
forests of New France, New England, and the West and South, cannot
be followed. It is known in history as the seven years' war, la-sting
as it did from 17r>5 to 1703, and being concluded by the Treaty of
Paris in the latter year. During its continuance, many battles and

702

IIISTOliY OF THE

sieges of great interest and importance took place, and many leaders
won undying fame for themselves by their splendid achievements ; but
transcending all other events in magnitude and far-reaching conse-
quence, and towering high above all other men in the imperishable
glory of their deeds, the siege of Quebec, and the rival commanders
Wolfe and Montcalm, seem by their vastness to fill the whole jncture
as one looks back upon it from these present days. On September
13, 1759, Wolfe won Quebec on the fiehls of Abraham, and just one
year later, the capitulation of de Vaudreuil at ^Montreal, before the
combineil armies of Amherst, Haviland and Murray, completed the
Englisli conquest of Canada, and the entire continent, with the sole
exception of the little rock-bound and fog- capped islands of St. Pion-e
and Miquelon, on the Newfoundland coast, passed forever out of the
possession of the French throne.

Conquest by the Emjlish. — It now remains to glance at the histoiy
of Canada since it has been a liritish possession. Dr. Withrew, in his
admirable History of Canada, thus eloquently summarizes tlie improve-
ment wrought in ( 'anada by its change of masters : — " The conquest of
Canada by the British was the most fortmiate event in its history. It
supplanted the institutions of the Middle Ages by tiiose of modern
civilization. It gave local self-government for abject submission to a
foreign power and a corrupt court. It gave the in-otection of the
Habeas Corpus and trial by jury, instead of the oj^jnessive tribunals
of feudalism. ]''or ignorance and rejn'ession, it gave cheap schools and
a free jiress. It removed the arbitrary shackles from trade and
abolished its unjust monopolies. It enfranchised the serfs of the soil
and restricted the excessive ])ower of the seigneurs. It gave an
immcasiu'ably ampler liberty to the people and a loftier imjnilse to
progress than was before known. It banished the greedy cormorants
wiio grew rich by the oflicial i)lunder of the poor. The waste and
ruin of a jirolonged and cruel war were succeeded by the reign of
jieace and prosperity ; and the ])inchiug of famine, by tlie rejoicings of
abundance. The habitans could now cultivate their Ions-neglected
acres free from the molestation of Indian massacres or the fear of
Briti.sh invasion. Even the con(iuered colonists tliemselves soon recog-
nized their improved condition under their generous conquerors."

The printing jiress was introduced into Canada a year after tlie
Treaty of Paris was signed, that is in 1764, and the first printed mat-
ter |»ublished in Canada was the jn'ospectns of the Quebec Gazette, a
newspaper which continued in exi.stence till ten years ago.

While there was, as a matter of coinse, a good deal of friction
between " the new subjects," as the French were called, and the liritish
settlers or " old subjects," under the temperati; and judicious guidance
of General Murray and Sir Guy Carleton, matters proceeded hopefully
and the country entered upon a career of prosperity, rapidly increasing
in population and wealth.

In (lie year 177-1, what was known as the Quebec Act was pas.sed

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

ro3

ssed

by the British Parliament. It extended the bounds of the Province
from Labrador to the Mississippi, from the Ohio to the watershed of
Hudson Bay. It cstabhshed the right of the Frencli to the observance
of the Roman CathoHc religion without civil di.sability, and confirmed
the tithes to the clergy, exempting, however, all Protestants from their
payment. It restored the French civil code, and established the Eng-
lish administration of law in criminal cases. Supreme authority was
vested in the Governor and a Council of from seventeen to twenty-
three members, the latter being nominated by the Crown, and con-
sisting for the most part of persons of British birth.

This act gave profound dissatisfaction, not only to the English-
speaking minority in Canada, who considered that their rights had been
ruthlessly sacrificed, but also to the American colonists, who complained
bitterly at the transfer to Canada of the country north and west of the
Ohio Iliver, for which they had so long and variously struggled.
Despite all protests and appeals, the act, whicli naturally gave great
delight to the French population, continued to be the rule of govern-
ment of the ]irovince for seventeen years.

The colonists were now called uj)on to pass through another war-
period — bloody, but brief — and this time with their own countrymen
across the border. In the year following the pa.ssing of the Quebec
Act, the long smouldering fires of secession in the American colonies
burst into flame. On April 19, 1775, the " minute men " of Concord
and Lexington " fired the shot heard round the world," and the War of
Independence began, which ended in the loss to England of her
" American " colonies. One of the first steps taken by the Sece,ssion-
ists was to capture Ticonderaga and Crown Point in Lake Champlain,
and thus possess the gateway to Canada. Forts St. John and Chambly
soon followed, and on the 12th November, Montreal succumbed ; but
the tide turned, when flushed with their first success, the Americans
essayed the capture of Quebec, two daring attempts resulting only
in disastrous failure. On the 4th July, 1776, the "American" col-
onies declared their independence, and the war closed on the 19th
October, 17iSl, with the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown,
Virginia.

By the terms of the treaty of ])eace signed at Versailles, September
o, ] 7<S3, Canada was despoiled of the magnificent region lying between
the Mississipi)i and the Ohio, and was divided from the new nation
designated " the United States of America " by the greiit lakes, the St.
Lawrence, the 49th parallel of north latitude, and the highlands divid-
ing the waters falling into the Atlantic, from those em])tying themselves
into the St. Lawrence and the St. Croix Kivers.

Throughout all the secessionary movement, a considerable number
of the American colonists had remained faithful to the ^Mother Country.
At the close of the war it became painfully evident that there would
be no peace for them within the boundaries of the United States. They
found their property confiscated, their families ostracized, and even

i ]\

704

HISTOUY OF THE

their lives menaced. In tliis emergency, the British Parliament came
to their aid. A sum exceeding three million pounds sterling was
voted for the assistance of tliese United Em])ire Loyalists, as they were
proud to call themselves ; transport ships were provided for tlieir con-
veyance to Canada, and every possible arrangements made for their
domiciliation in the sea-hoard provinces, and in what is now the Pro-
vince of Ontario. It is estimated that no less than 25,000 ])er.<!ons
were thus induced to find refuge in the British colonies, where they
proved of the utmost value in o]iening up and settling the country.

At that time (17iS4) the present Province; of Ontario was almost a
wilderness. The entire European jiopulation is said to have been
under 12,000, and the.se dwelt chiefly in the vicinity of the fortified
posts on the St. Lawrence, the Niagara and St. Clair rivers. On the
other hand, the population of Lower Canada was about 12(l,000. In
order, therefore, that the western region might be developed, the Home
Government otl'ered generous grants of land to those who would settle
there, besides assistance in the way of .seed, stock and farming im-
plements. Undei' these inducements, the wilderness soon began to
make way for smiling farms, thriving settlements and waving fields of
grain.

In 1786, Lord Dorchester became Governor-General of British
North America. The Canadian colonists now demanded the same
constitutional privileges as were enjoyed in the Maritime Provinces,
these latter having in 17>S4-85 been organized under special constitu-
tional charters. The demand was met by the granting of the Hahms
Corpus and oi trial by jury in civil cases. But this did not content
the Canadian,s, who asked also for an elective Legislative Assembly,
and a larger measiu'e of constitutional liljerty. Accordingly, in 17'.'l,
the Constitutional Bill was ])a.ssed by tlie British government. It
divided Canada into two provinces, known as Upper and Lower Can-
ada, or Canada West and Canada East. Each province received a
separate Legislature, consisting of a Legislative Council, appointed by
the Crown, a Legislative Assembly elected by the ])eoi)le, and a gover-
nor appointed by the Crown and resjionsible oidy to it. The Assembly
was elected for four years, and in it was vested the power of raising a
revemie for roads, bridges, schools and similar public services. A body
which soon became obnoxious to the people was the Executive Coun-
cil. It consisted of salaried oflicials of the Crown, and judges, who
were the confidential advisers of the Governor, although not account-
able for their acts either to him or to the Legislative Assembly. Tliey
generally held seats in the Legislative Council, and virtually controlled
the legislation by their predominant, yet irresponsil)le, influence.

The new constitution, as Eox had predicted, worked badly almost
from the outset. The Legislative, and especially the Executive,
Councils became objects of jiopular jealou.sy, and (jucstions of both
church and state soon began to divide the people into parties and
engender bitter political animosities.

COUNTY OF MinULT'SEX.

(06

The first Legislature of Lower Canada sat at Quebec in 17!M, when
tliat city contained about 7,000 inhabitants ; and the first Legislature
of Up])er Canada at Newark, the ]iresent town of Niagara, in 17'.'2,
where it contiinu'd to sit until 17'.i7, when it removed to York, now
Toronto, which city had becTi founded by Governor Simcoe two years
previ(jusly.

The progress of the country in trade and po])ulation, and the
develojmient of its resources, were rapid. The tide of emigration
steadily increased, the Irish troubles of 17".*8, especially, leading many
hardy settlers to seek new homes in the virgin wilds of Canada.

As the province increased in wealth and population the evils of a
practically irresponsible government began to be felt. The Executive
Council, comy)osed of the Governor and five of his nominees, removable
at his ])leasure, giudually absorbed the whole administrative influence
of the colony.

In the year 1812-14 the young auxiliary nation was called upon
to undergo a severe ordeal through the United States declaring war
against (Jreat J'>ritain, ])artly because of sympathy with France and
partly through misunderstandings between the two Governments. The
United States naturally selected Canada as the first object of their
attack. The position of the two countries was very unequal. Canada
was totally unprepared for the conflict. She had less than 6,000
troops to defend 1,500 miles of frontier. Her entire po])ulation was
under 300,000, while that of the United States was 8,000,000. Despite
this startling disparity, the Canadians, ralh'ing as one man to the
loyal support of their Government, bore themselves so nobly through-
out the two years' struggles which ensued, that, when it ended, the
advantage lay clearly ujion their side, and the victories of Queenston
Heights and Chateauguay are to-day ])ointed to with the same patriotic
ja'ide as the Englishman takes in Waterloo or the Frenchman in
Austerhtz.

At the clo.se of the war, the domestic dissensions, suspended while
all attention was concentrated ui)on the defence of the country, l)roke
out afresh. In both Upper and Lower Canada the people began to
assert themselves against the rule of the Executive Councils, and the
breach between the two branches of the Legislature grew wider every
day. Conflicting claims as t(j revenue and other matters also sprang
up between the two provinces, to obviate which their union was sug-
gested so far back as 1822, but then withdrawn in conse(iuence of the
intense ojjposition manifested by the French population of Lower
Canada. In I.ower Canada, Louis J. Papineau, and in Upper Canada,
William Lyon Mackenzie, came forward as the champions of popular
rights, and were after a time drawn into actual rebellion. The struggle
for rcsjionsible government, once entered upon, was never permitted to
relax, until at length, in 1840, acting upon the suggestions contained
in the famous report of Loi'd Durham, on the state of the Canadas, the
Home Government determined upon the union of the two provinces

706

HISTOIiY OF THE

and the acknowledgment in the new constitution of the principle of
Eesponsible Government, liesolutions were passed by the Provincial
Legislatures in favor of the scheme, and a bill based upon them passed
the Imperial I'arliainent in 1(S4U, and went into elliect on the 6th
rebruary, 1841. On that day the Provinces of Upper and Lower
Canada were peacefully unitinl under one administration, and IJespon-
sible Govermnent was finnly established.

The Act of Union provided that there should be one Legislative
Council and one Legislative Assembly in which each province should be
equally represented. The Council was composed of twenty life mem-
bers, appointed by the Crown ; the Assembly, of eighty-four members
elected by the people. The Executive Council or Cabinet comprised
eight memliers and was responsible to the Legislatiu'e. It was presided
over by the Governor-tJeneral, who held his ai)pointment from the
Crown. The control of all public revenues was vested in the repre-
sentatives of the people. In June, 1841, the first united Parliament
met at Kingston. Three years later the seat of govermnent was
changed to ^Montreal, and on the destruction of the Parliament build-
ings by a mob in 184'.t it went to Toronto, It was in the first session
of the Legislature in Montreal that the jiresent Premier, Sir John
A. Macdonald, took his seat as a legislator, and began that remark-
able career which has associated his name with all the jrolitical and
other developments Canada has experienced during more than forty
years.

At that ])eriod, Upper and Lower Canada were on an eqUtal footing
as regards population, the lower ])rovince having 76S,334, and the
ui)per, 765,797. Nine years subsequently, after many experiments,
all of which proved unsatisfactory, the burning question of the choice
of a 2)ernuiiient ca])ital was left to the Queen herself, and under her
approval it was established at Ottawa, where it has since remained.

The history of Canada during the remaining years which ]>receded
Confederation is altogether a history of jwlitical parties, and may be
passed over without going into details. Above all other questions of
vital im])ortance rose the question of Representation by Population.
By the terms of the Act of Union each of the two provinces was
allowed an equal number of rejiresentatives in Parliament, and so
long as their jiopulation remained nearly equal, the arrangement
worked satisfactorily enough. But of late years, Upper Canada had
far outstripped her sister jirovinco in poimlation, and now naturally
enough began to demand that the representation should be readjusted
so as to bear a due ])roportion to the respective populations.

This demand the French province vigorously resisted, and a crisis
was iirecipitated whicli threatened the integrity of the union. No
stable administration could lie formed, and political all'airs were at a
dead-lock. Hajipily, in this serious junctui'e, the scheme for a con-
federation of ail the provinces in British North America presented
itself as a solution of tlie e-xistin" dilliculties.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

707

During all the years since the Quebec Act of 1774 was passed, the
French-speaking Canadians have displayed that loyalty to the British
Crown which found its noblest illustration in the expression of Sir
George Cartier, that he was " an Englishman speaking the French lan-
guage."

Upper Canada Rebellion. — The oppressive acts of the Executive
Council early in this century, against Robert Gourlay, Surveyor-
General Wyatt, Joseph Willcocks, Judge Ilobert Thorpe, and many
others, particularly Mr. GourLay, may be said to have been the com-
mencement of that opposition to the then existing (lovarnment, since
known as the Ujiper Canada Rebellion. It would require a large
volume to give fully the origin of this unfortunate outbreak, which,
like the French Revolution, grew out of the wrongs inflicted upon the
common people and their representatives. Under the Act of 1791, the
appointment of the Executive Council, to begin with, gave grave olfense
to the great mass of the inhabitants of Canada. It placed the Govern-
ment of the country in the keeping and control of men who could not
be held accountable for their misdeeds by those upon whom the wrongs
were likely to be imjmsed. The members of the Council, as such, were
independent of and superior to public opinion, and could ovenide an
act of the Assembly without incurring serious res])onsibility. The
opposition which arose to the acts and existence of the Council was
due to no disloyalty to the Imperial power, but grew spontaneously
and luxuriantly from the soil of gross abuse practiced with impunity
by that obnoxious body. The Council found no difficulty in securing
a jiliant toul in the Lieutenant-Governor, and in reducing to a practical
nullity the Assembly elected by the people. The injuries inflicted
upon Jlr. Gourlay had been so frequent and unjust as to lead to the
bitterest complaint in all portions of (he Province. Back in the last
century greed and favoritism in the disposal of Crown lands was a
condition of affairs often observed, discus.sed and denounced ; and as
time grew, the abuses multiplied and expanded. The Executive Coun-
cil gave conspicuous evidence of unblushing corruption, one of its mem-
bers. President Russell, going so far as to grant lands to himself. The
abuses of the system of land grants alone became thus so obnoxious as
to lead to bitter complaint, and, in the end, to determined opposition.
Another measure leading to great injustice and severe denunciation
was the jn'ovision made for the clergy, known as the " Clergy Reserves,"
which were an allotment " equal in value to the seventh part of lands
granted " for the sujiport of a Protestant clergy. Events proved that
this jn'ovisio nd the results growing therefrom caused more heart-
burnings tlian all other causes combined. The Family Compact,
whereby certain persons and their friends secured and held control of
nearly all the positions of emohmient, was another source of constant
irritation. It became so odious, by its removal from oflice and its
oppression generally of pure-minded men of different views, that a

708

HISTOKY.OF THE

great cry of diiuuiiciation spread over the Dominion against the Family
Compact domination, the land-granting system, and the Clergy
Keserves. Other and more flagrant acts were ])erpetrated.

The Act of Exclnsion, which disqualified Barnahas liidwell from
holding any. public oflice in the Dominion, was an arbitrary stroke of
the compact to rid itself of an able and troublesome oppouent, which
arbitrary act led to the selection of his son, Marshall S. Bidwell, to the
House, and his selection, in 1829, as Speaker. He was one of the first,
and one of the; ablest, of the Reformers sent to the Housfj. He was
elected in 1 .S24 for the third time before he was permitted to take his
seat, owii, lu the tactics of his political enemies. John llolph, the
most illustrious Canadian orator of history, took his seat at the same
time with so\ eral others. A little later came Peter Perry, Caj^tain John
Matthews, Dr. William W. Baldwin, his son Robert Baldwin, and
William Lyon McKenzie, and allied themselves conspicuously with the
growth of Reform. ]\Iany flagrant acts of the government followed as
the years rolled along to 18.j7: — The destruction of the Advocate
Office at Yoik in 182(1, which paper was edited by Mr. Alackenzie; the
attempt to remove Captain Matthews across the Atlantic on a ridicul-
ous charge of disloyalty ; the Niagara Falls outrage, wherein soldiers
were employed to do the work of the sheriff in a time of profound
peace ; the removal of Justice John W. Willis for his course of Reform ;
the unwarranted and malicious imprisonment of Francis Collins ; the
cases of Jonah l^rown, Robert Randal, Hugh C. Thompson, and many
others ; the repeated expulsions of Wm. Mackenzie from the House, to
which he was as often elected ; the contiimed deliberately oppressive
acts of Lieutenant-Governor Head, all lead steadily up to the point
where the people seemed no longer able to bear it, and organized and pre-
cipitated an armed rebellion. That Mr. Mackenzie was the originator
of this rebellion, admits no doubt. But it ended in immediate failure,
though it bore fruit abundantly in later times. Mr. Papineau similarly
stirred up a rebellion in Lower Canada. In all cases, the rebels who
armed themselves and were guilty of an overt act, were speedily over-
come, although, several skirmishes occurred and death resulted, and
war with the United States was seriously threatened, A number of
the lefiders were executed, others fled to the United States ; but the
rebellion engendered an opjiositiou which yet lives, having grown to
large proportions and importance.

i^tml §iogrEp^imI §£partment.

BIOGRAPHY.

Alexander S. Abbott.

Thirty-two years i)asseil in sincere find Oiiruest endeavor to tlinr-
oughly discharge every duty of tlie position which he has occupied, has
been a marked characteristic of Mr. Abbott's career in life. He wa.s
born in County Galway, Ireland, June 30, 1812. His father, Samuel
Abbott, was a native of the same county, and his mother, whose
maiden name was Mary Guinning. was the daughter of Rev. Alex.
Guinning, who was pastor of Castle Blakeny Church for over sixty
years, and who lived to be over fourscore years and ten. There were
seven children born to Mr. and :Mrs. Samuel Abbott, Alexander S.
being the second son and child. ITntil thirteen years of age his time
was spent in obtaining an education. He then became an°api)rentice
to the dry goods business in his native town, and served in this ca]iacity
for seven years. In 184.S he was induced by an uncle. Rev. William
Hodson Guinning, who was pastor of a church in Lambspond, to emi-
grate to Canada. This he did, and settled in London in 18-43, where
for forty-five years he has made his home. Previous to this, April
IG, 1834, he married Miss Dorinda Euxton, a daughter of William R.
liuxton, of the Royal Engineer 1 )epartraent. To them were born eight
children, seven of whom are now living, viz. :— Keziah, who marned
James G. Binly, a prominent jeweller of Hamilton, Canada ; Samuel
W. and Hodson G., of the city of London ; Alexander R., in Illinois ;
Wilham, a jeweller, at Decatur, 111. ; Dorinda, now the widow of
Andrew J. Tulley, and Henry Randolph, a prominent dentist of Lon-
don. One daughter, Lottie, died in 1876. After coming to London,
Canada, Mr. Abbott engaged in business, which he continued until the
fire of 1845, He then received the appointment of tax collector, and
what time he was not thus engaged he acted as salesman behind the
counter. In September, 1856, he received the appointment of City
Clerk, and notwithstanding the many changes in municipal allair.s,
Mr. Abbott still occupies this position. It is but the truth when we
make the statement that a more painstaking, competent official is not
to be found in the Dominion, and long may he be found in his present
position. Although somewhat advanced in years, his eye is not dim,
neither is his natural force abated, and his records are models of neat-
ness and legibility. In his religious preferences, Mr. Abbott is a mem-

712

HISTOUY OF THE

ber of the ^It'lliodist Church. Ho is also a Tloyal Arch Mason,
and was one of th(! first charier ini'mlicrs of the tlraiul Lodjije of
Canada. Ho lias served as Kecorder of the Chapter and Secretary of
the lUue Lodi,'e for many year.s. In lenijieranco matters, Mr. Abbott
lias been ;i leader, and since 1851 has been a teetotaler, lie has
ii'iidered valuable assistance by his example, to the cause of teni])er-
uiu'c. He has in his possession a ring belonging at one time to the
•sister of the celebrated Dr. (Joldsmith, and the engraving "Dec. 'M,
1742," is still visible. This relic descended from generation to genera-
tion, until it came into Mr, Abbott's ])ossession, and is looked np(jii
by him as a priceless jewel and a veritable Mascot.

Murray Anderson.

A long life of upright and useful citizenship has placed the gentle-
man whose name heads this sketch in the foremost ranks of the pro-
minent men of Middlesex County, and it may be truly said of him
that he has done as much to further the interests of the county and to
establish worthy enterprises as any of its ])resent residents. He was
born at Lundy's Lane, on the Hth of January, 1.S14, and is a grandson
of Col. Peter Anderson, who was born in England, and who married
IMiss Abigail Fortner, a niece of Sir Charles Douglass, of Scotland, her
mother having been a Miss Douglass. Col. Peter Anderson was an
English olhcer, and during the llevolutionary War in the United States
hail occasion to measure swords with both Washington and Lafayette
at the Ijattle of Princeton. After the restoration of peace he settled in
New liruiiswick, being retired on half pay, and there resided until
1700, when he settled on the present site of Niagara Falls South. He
reared a family of foiu' sons and twi^ daughters, his son, Charles
Anderson, being his second sou and child and the father of Murray
Anderson, the subject of this sketf'.h. In early life Charles learned the
cai-])enter and joiner's trade, and was afterwards married to Miss Sallie
lirooks, a daughter of liobert Brooks, and a native of New Jersey. He
owned the ground on which the battle of Lundy's Lane was fought,
and during that war (1S12) was a captain in the English service, and
a partici])ant in the following battles : — tjueenstown. Stony Creek,
Crysler Farm, Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, having Gen. Scott for an
opponent in the latter engagement. It is worthy of note that the two
soldiers became fast friends, and for many years the latter made
periodical vists to the old battle ground of Lundy's Lane, and always
had for a companion Capt. Anderson, receiving as a souvenir from the
latter a cane carved from a tree which grew on the battle ground of
Buena Vista, Mexico. It may be proper to state here that Mr. Ander-
son's grandparents left New Jersey on account of fealty to the mother-
land, and an aunt of his married James Lundy, a son of William
Luudy. The family of Capt. Charles Anderson consisted of eight

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

diililveii, seven sons and one diuif,']itci'. >rurray Anderson, the third
.son iiud cliild, was reared in tlw I'rovinee of liis birth, and at the ai,'e of
sixteen be^'an serving an apimMiticesliip at the tinner's trade in ITaniil-
ton, in which capacity he worked for six years. In 183.") he came to
London, Canada, retnrnint; home at tlie end of eij^hteen niontlis, but
took up a permanent residence in London in 18-1-0, and f(jr years has
been prominently identified with the business interests of the place.
He has been enj^aged in manufiicturing tinwares and buyiufr furs for
many years, and in the latter business was one of tiie larf,'ost individ-
ual dealers in the marked, and luaile semi-annual trips to New York
City to dispose of his yood.s, and while on one of tlie.se tri])S had a
jiersonal invitation to dine with John Jacob Astor and also with
Itamsey Crook. He carried on his business successfully for years, but
of late has given up this occupation. I le was the first Reeve and Mayor
of the City of Lontlon, and as a nu^mber of the City Council for many
years, rendered valuable aid in improving the city, and was a faithful
guardian of its best interests. In November, 18.S.S, he was married to
Miss Jane C. Kerr, a native of Albany, N. Y., and to their union three
children were born, two of whom are now living, Edward, and Sarah,
wife of James Flock. To attempt a detailed account of the numerous
enter])rises with which he has been actively connected, or to review
even })assingly his olUcial and public life, his characteristics, and his
many admirable and moral traits, would be impossible in the space
allotted to this sketch ; but in every walk of life his career has been
above criticism, and he has ever been the soul of honor, a faithful
and tru.sty friend and a true Christian. He is one of the pioneer mem-
bers of the Methodist Church, and is one of its staunch ■ upporters.

James I. Anderson.

James L Anderson, bookseller, stationer and dealer in fiinoy goods,
is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born March o, 185:2. His father,
John Anderson, and his mother, who.se maiden name was Mary Ann
Ingles, were both natives of Scotland. The son received a liberal
education, and early commenced his business experience in a book
liouse in Edinburgh, in which he received a thorough training. In
1872 he left the land of his birth, sailed for America, and for over two
years and a-half was a resident of lUiil'alo, N. Y. In 1875 he came to
London and engaged in his present business, which at first was com-
menced on a small scale, but has been of steady growth, the stock
having been increased in quality and variety from time to time as
necessities have demanded, until it has grown to be recognized as the
leading house in this line in the city. Their stock includes a complete
line of stationery and miscellaneous books, church liymnals, bibles,
]irayer books and Sunday school libraries. Their stock of fancy goods
comprises an elegant array of articles of practical utility and adorn-

insTOltY OK TIIK

mciit. I>y closn iittoiitiDU to liiisinuss iiiul his IioiioimIjIo (l(!:iliii<,'fl, Mr.
Andtd'sou liiis, witliin ii ci)iu|iiiriitively short time, built up ii tiiulit
which oUhir t'stiibhshiui'iits may \v<;ll (^nvy. I'vmn iiis lirst .scttliMnt-nt
here lu; lias takcni iiu interest in everythiuj,' toii(hii<^ to iticreaso the
reputation and j^'ooil name -if tiie city, ami liis inlhienet! is always on
the side of morality and ri^'ht. Mr. Anderson was married in I.S7.S to
Miss Harriet Kllioti, a native of this city, and a dauj^'hter of .James and
Helen Klliolt, who were early settlers in Middlesex County. The
former died in 1864, but the latter is still livini,'.

Henry Anderson.

Henry Anderson, of Middlesex County, Ontario, is a son of Thomas
Anderson, who was born in England, and was a ])rominent farmer of
Wiltshire. He was married to Miss Aim Dark, by whom he became
the father of three children: — Henry, Thomas K., and Amelia. He
immigrated with his family to Middlesex ('ounty in LS;!;? — the country
at that time being an unbroken wilderness — and settled on a tract of
400 acres south of the lind Concession; the farm being now occujiied
by his son Thomas F. He and wife are members of the (Jhurch of
England, the latter being a descendant of the I5ailys, a ])rominent
family of England. Francis Baily, the astronomer, after leaving school,
held a mercantile situation until twenty-two years of age, when, from
mere love of adventure, he embarked for the New World and travelijd
over a great part of the Far West, and jjassed eleven months among the
aborigines without once seeing a civilized habitation. In 1800 lie
became connected with the Stock Exchange, and ])ublished many
articles of note relating thereto in the various journals of the times,
and in 1806 ably defended the rights of the Brokers. In 1814 he
drew up the report of the committee relating to the great fraud of that
year, and arranged the evidence against the jjerjietrators. He was a
successful member of the Stock Exchange, and at the time of his
retirement from active business life in 1825, was the owner of a hand-
some fortune which he had acquired by sagacious management. His
brother was Mayor of Paris during the stormy scenes of the French
Revolution, and was beheaded by the guillotine. Henry Ander.son,
whose name heads this sketch, was born in Wiltshire, England, in
ISIG, and was a lad of sixteen years when brought to Canada. He
was greatly pleased with the wild, free life of the pioneer, and soon
became expert with the ax and the rifle. He soon became noted for
his skill in the use of the former, and his presence was always gladly
welcome when a log i: n-.^e was to be raised, he being always selected
as a " corner man," as li. lequired an expert to cut the notches and fit
the logs. He was very fond of hunting, and many a deer fell before the
unerring aim of his rifle ; fifty of these animals falling a victim to his
skill the first few years of his residence here, as they often came into

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

71')

tlie clciii'iiiL; iiroiuid their ciihiri (lui'iiij» tho night to hrowsn. His ciirly
('(hiciitidiiiil iiilviiiiliif,'cs were of tiu^ most iii(!!i,^i'i' dc^scriptioii, but being
luitiimlly (luiek-wilted iuul intelligent, ho uciiuiretl a I'liir edueiilion
previous to hi.s thirteenth year. He took iin active jiiirt in the Rebel-
lion of IH.'iT, iind wluMi the Rebels were in force near Toronto, (Ja] it.
•losejih t)dell ealled for volunteers to serve as " Minuter Men," and ont
of 5(JU men oidy fourteen responded to the call, Henry and Thomas ¥.
Anderson being among the number. In ISoll, Mr. Anderson was
married to Miss Annie MctJregor, a daughter of John and I.saliel
(Teddie) Mcdregor, who were natives of the Scotch Highlands, Mr.
and Mrs. Anderson became* [\m parents of ten cliildren, who lived to be
grown: — Florence A., Isal)el A., Heiwy A., Margaret E,, J)llen A.,
Annie v., flohn 1)., Frederick H., Henrietta, and Norman. After his
marriage Mr. Anderson settled on the farm of I'UO acres, wlunc he
now lives, and went to work to clear his land and get it under cultiva-
tion, in which work lu; has been very successful. In iS.lll he wa.s
a])j)ointed County Auditor, which otlice he held until 1 SOT, and wa.s
then elected Deputy Reeve, the duties of which Ik; filled until 1871.
He i.s now filling the otlice of Township Clerk, and has been President
of the Township Agricultural Society, and from l.S(i7 to 1880 was Secre-
tary of the Agricultural Society of the; Cimnty of Middles(!X. He was
the first ( Joneral Sujierinteiident of the Western Fair held in Lontlon
from 18G8 until 1871, iind at the latter date was ajipointed General
Superintendent of the Provincial Agriculture and Arts' Association of
Ontario, serving in this capacity until 1881, when he resigned, and on
his retirement was presented with a silver medal, whicli constituted
him a life member of the Association, his stall' of employes ])resent.
iug him with a hand.some gold watch as a token of their esteem. He
is one of the founders of the Westminster Fire Insurance Company,
the first meeting being held at his residence in 1857, and has been
Treasurer of the Reforni Association of liljist Middlesex, and is the
jiresent President of the Dominion Farmer's (Jouncil. In religiou.g
vi(;ws, he and fixmily belong to the Church of Fliigland, and he is
jiolitically a Reformer. Although .seventy-two years of age, he is hale
and hearty, and in his views on all subjects is considered one of the
most sagacious and intelligent men of the county. By his straightfor-
ward and honest cour.se through life, he has won the confidence, love,
and respect of all who know him, and he and family occupy an envi-
able position in the estimation of the citizens of Middlesex County.

William H. Ardiel

AMlliam H. Ardiel, farmer, and native of Canada, and a resident of
London Township, in this County; was born on December 2, 1844,
and is a son of James Ardiel and Jane (Haskett) Ardiel. His
father was born in Canada, at a place then known as J"rontenac, and his

'16

HISTORY OF THE

mother was boni in Ireland, in a place called Ikiricane. His <,'vand-
parents were natives of Ireland, and came to this country at a very
early date (in 1819) to Frontenac, and shortly after removed from there
to London Township, in the County of Middlesex, where his grand-
father entered 100 acres of land for himself and 100 acres for his eldest
son, Isaac, who was at that time a young man ; but several years
after he was taken very ill, and died, and his body was interred in the
then Established Church of England cemetery, in the village of St.
Johns, London Townshij). His grandfather afterwards reserved tiie
100 acres for his father, James Ardiel. At that time the country was
a wild(!rness, and infested by many wild animals. The wolves often
made the nights hideous with their cries. The cabins of the settlers,
which were built of round logs, were few and far between, and in
order to have their corn or wheat ground they were obliged to make a
journey of two days, carrying their grist to I'ond .Alills, south-east of
the present city of London, following a blazed line through tlie woods
to the Forks, where now stands London, and from there to Pond Mills.
Mr. Ardiel's grandfather s])ent the greater ])ortion of his time choi)i)ing,
clearing up the land, and tilling the farm on which he first loc<ited
and I'ied there at the age of Hi years, and was buried in the old St. Johns
cer^i' tery, as is also his four oldest sons, and ]\Irs. Ardiel's grandfiither,
]\Ir. Haskett, and his eldest daughter. Grandfather Ardiel .served in
the rebellion of 1837, often acting in the capacity of an officer when
called on to do so. James Ardiel, the father of William H. Ardiel,
whone name heads this sketch, was born at Frontenac, in Canada, and
is the fifth son of John and Mary (Dag) Ardiel. During the rebellii.n
of 1837 he served as a corporal, also as sergeant, and made a faithful
oHicer. After the close of the war he received his discharge from the
commanding offi 'er, and then returned home, and .spent the remainder
of his days in f\irming and occasionally dealing in .stock. He died at
the untimely age of thirty- one years, the public losing in him a useful
citizen and his family a faithful husband and father. Four of his five
children are still living. The eldest son, John H. Ardiel, and his
mother, still live at the old homestead in London Townshij), where tin;
father died. William H. Ardiel is living in the same townshii) ; and
Elizabeth Ardiel, wife of Jam^s H. Hodgins, and Mary Jane Ardiel,
wife of AVilliam Knaptou, resio'i in London Township. The mother
is one worthy of the name, for kmdness and shrewd, honest manage-
ment.

William H. Ardiel has followed the occu]iatioiis of a farmer and
carpenter through life, and his residence and surroundings will com-
pare favorably with any in the county for neatness anil taste. On
(he 4th day of July, LS77, he was nuirried to Mi.ss Margaret, eldest
daughter of Mr. John Anderson, by whom he is the father of three
children, Clnisty Jane, .lames and John. Mr. Ardiel and his wife are
Methodists; and he is a Conservative in his jiolitical views. John
Haskett, his grandfather, immigrated from Buricane, Ireland, on June

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

717

6, 1822, to tliis country, and settled at a place called Monire Scenaries,
in what was known at that time as Canada Jlast, or Lower Canada.
Jane (Maskett) Aidicl was tlien nine months old. They lived in that
locality for ten years. At the clo.se of that time the grandfather
buried his beloved wife, Elizaljeth (Bliicall) Haskett, and on the 6th of
-Inne, 18;!3, the <,'randfat]ier and six of his family moved from Monire
Scenaries to the Township of Loiidon, where he settled on 100 acres of
land. Tliese were times of hardship and toil, the country being a dense
forest. He followed carpi'utry and farming, and built the old St.
Johns Church, which is still standing, and in those days was considered
a fine piece of workmanship. He lived on the land on which he
settled, and died on the .same farm in the year 18.53. His body was
interred in the old St. Johns burying ground, and his eldest daughter
also is buried in the same cemetery. His son John is still on the farm
and in good circumstajices. He now owns 300 acres of land in this
townshij), and is an ujiright, honest, hard-working man, and is highly
esteemed by his fellow-men.

Richard Ardiel.

mer and

vill coni-

ste. On

et, eldest

of three

wife are

John

on .Iimo

Richard Ardiel, Deputy-Reeve of London Town.ship, and a native
of Aliddlese.x County, was born in 185:!, and is a son of Launcelot and
Catharine (Gleason) Ardiel, natives res])ectively of Ireland and Canada.
Launcelot Ardiel came from his native land to Canada in company
with three brothers ^nd one sister, and took up his abode in Middlesex
County about 1841. The father ])urchased 100 acres of land, quite
heavily covered with timber, and immediately set to work to improve
his farm, making that place his home until his death, which occurred
in August, IS.S."!. His wife died in ISTO, having borne nine children
— Margaret, Thomas, William, Richard, Launcelot, Frances E., Jona-
than, Robert and .losejih. Richard Ardiel was reared on the farm he
now occupies, receiving his education in the common schools of London
Township. In 1(S(S7 he was elected to the office of Dei^'-.ty-Reeve of
the township, which position he is still filling, to the entire .satisfaction
of all concerned. He is an intelligent and enterprising gentleman, and
owns a valuable farm of 100 acres, besides some property in the city
of London. He is a member of the Church of England, and belongs to
the Masonic fraternitv.

William Henry Armstrong.

William Henry Armstrong, one of the highly re-spected citizens of
the county, was born in Ireland, July 21, 1825, and is the son of John
and Margaret (Wallace) Ai'mstrong, both natives of the " Emerald
Isle," where both passed their entire lives. Tlieir son, William Henry

718

HISTORY OF THE

Armstrontj. grew to manhood and was educated in Ireland. In 1850
lie emigrated to Canada, settled in London, and in IB.")-! removed to
Strathroy, where he has since resided. On first coming to Strathroy
he engaged in general merchandising, which he carried on for several
years, or until about 1S59. One year later he was appointed treasurer
of Strathroy, and this ofhce he has held continuously ever since. All
money, municipal or school, passes through i.Is hands. In 1864, Mr.
Armstrong was appointed Collector of Inland Ke venue, which position
he held until his resignation in 18M2, and is now a superannuated
officer. For some time Mr. Armstrong was insjiector of weights and
measures. He now owns 250 acres of land just outside the corpora-
tion of Strathroy and thirty acres within the corporation. For many
years he has been engaged in stock-raising, having been quite success-
ful in this occujjation. His marriage relation was solemnized in
January, 1855, to Miss Elizabeth Saul, a native of IMiddlesex County,
Canada; born in Metcalfe Town.ship, October 3, 18.S5; daughter of
Eev. Iiichard Saul, who was born in England in ISOO, and who came
to Canada in 18:52, where he died Oct. 3, 1877. The mother of Mrs.
Arm.stroii" was born in England in ]<SO(i, and is now a resident of
Strathroy. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong were born four
children — Richard Wallfice, born ]85(); William Alfred, born 1857;
Maggie, born 1864; and Walter Henry, born 188;!. i\Ir. vVrmstrong
in his political views is a strong Reformer, and he and his wife are
members of the Canada Methodist Church. The family is well re-
spected in the county.

James Armstrong.

James Armstrong is a member of an old Scotch family, who, for
many years resided in, and farmed in, the Lowlands of Scotland ;
Thomas Armstrong, the father of our subject, being a native of that
country. When a young man lie immigrated to New Brunswick and
was nuirried to ^liss Agnes Murray, a daughter of Charles and Eliza-
beth (Armstrong) Murray, by whom he had five children, Adam,
James, Charles, Catherine and Elizabeth. Mr. Armstrong resided nefir
Fredericktown for a number of years, and in 1837 moved with his
family to Middlesex County, where he i)urchased a farm on which he
resided until his death in 1873 at the age of 77 years. He was a
member of the Presbyterian Church, and during the Canadian Rebel-
lion of 1837 served in the County Militia. His son, James, was
reared on a farm in York County, New Brunswick, and was brought
to Middlesex County when a lad of seven years, where he received an
excellent education under the able instructions of Adam Murray, and
at the age of 28 years was elected Townshi]) (Councillor, and in 1858
was married to Miss Jane Eraser, a daughter of Maj'or Daniel and
Jane (Martin) Eraser, the father being a native of Scotland, an early

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

719

settler of the county, and Major of the County Militia for many years.
Mrs. Armstrong died in 1871, and Mr. Armstrong afterwards married
Annie McCoU, a daughter of Duncan and Isabella (Cowan) McColl,
who were natives of Scotland. Our subject and wife are the parents
of two children, Bella and ^lurray. Mr. Armstrong formerly owned
one of the finest farms in Westminster Township, and was engaged in
tilling the soil until called to Tarliament in 1882. 'a 1861 he was
appointed Superintendent of Schools. After filling tliis position for
seven years he was appointed Township Clerk, being elected Township
Reeve in 1872, which position he successfully filled until 1882, being
also County Warden a portion of the time. He was elected a member
of the Canadian Parliament in 1882, and is now filling the duties of
this position to the general satisfaction of all. He and wife are mem-
bers of the Presbyterian Church, and he has been president, and is
still a director, of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He
is now Vice-President of the City Mutual Fire Insurance Company,
and is a director in the Canadian Savings and Loan Company. Mr.
Armstrong is one of those men who combine ability with energy,
honesty and acciu'acy, and as a result has been a trusted servant of
the public in various capacities for many years.

Henry Arnott, M. D.

Nothing is more essential to happiness than good health, and
nothing more desirable. Some seek for health in travel, others in
physical recreation, and both are, no doubt, beneficial ; but they do
not always accomplish the object in view. Medical science must be
resorted to, and the best physicians are always in demand. Among
those physicians and surgeons whose career has ever been one of
success stands the name of Dr. Arnott. Not only has he distinguished
himself as a medical practitioner, but his kindness of maimer and his
happy, genial disposition has made him many friends outside his pro-
fession. He was born in the County of Peel, July 21, 1844, and is the
son of Henry and Maria (McClure) Arnott, both natives of the Emerald
Isle. The father immigrated to Canada in about 1821, ai'd he assisted
in building one of tlie first houses erected in Guelph. Dr. Henry
Arnott spent his early life in agricultural pursuits, and received a
liberal education. He prepared himself for teaching school, and
followed this calling for six years. A desire to obtain a thorough
knowledge of some of the sciences led him to take up tlie study of
medicine, and with rare perseverance and energy he closely applied
himself until he was ready for matriculation in the Toronto Medical
School, from wln'cli institution he received his degree in 1870. The
same year he came to the County of Middlesex, settled in the Town-
ship of London, at Arva, and liere he coumienced the active duties of
his ])rofession. He remained there until 1880, when he came to Lon-

720

HISTOUY OF THE

don, which has since given him a worthy place among her jn'ofessional
citizens. His success has, indeed, been remarkable, and the large and
extensive patronage which he has enjoyed, and the pleasing results that
liave followed warmly testify to his ability as a i)hysician and surgeon.
He took an active part in establishing a school of medicine in the city,
and filled the position of Dean of the Faculty and Professor of Clinical
Medicine until he resigned the place in the fall of 188S. He was
married to ^liss Mary Graham, of the County of Peel, and to thciu
have been born two children. The doctor takes a deep interest in
sanitary science, and his labors in this direction ])rove him to be not
only an enthusiastic but a humanitarian physician.

WILLI AM ASHBURY.

AVilliam Ashbury, capitalist, is the oldest man in point of residence
iu London, Ont, and is a native of the County of Ti])perary, Ireland.
At an early day he was deprived of a father's care by death, and he
came witlHiis mother and brothers and sisters to Canada, and settled
in London in 1833. He learned the trade of blacksmith in his youth
and followed this culling for many years, and by prudent investment
of the money he earned began gradually to accumulate property. He
always attended closely to business, avoiding any interference with
others, had a horror of going in debt, and was careful of his promises,
but when made, adhered to them to the letter. His life has been quiet
and uneventful, and he is now enjoying the fruits of his well-spent
labor. Of late years his time has been given to his financial interests,
and as he has been strictly honest throughout life, he has never had
occasion to regard any man's smile or fear his frown.

DANIEL P. AYLSWORTH.

Daniel P. Aylsworth, Town Clerk and an enterprising farmer,
whose post-ofhce is Dorchester Station, was born on a farm in the Town-
ship of Earnestown, Uiijier Canada, Ontario, in 1811, and is the son (if
Bowen Aylsworth, who was a pioneer of Ontario, and who came with
his father, Arthur Aylsworth, iu 1778, and settled in Earnestown,
Both father and son lived on the same farm all their lives. Bowen
Aylsworth married Hannah Perry, daughter of llobert Perry, who
came to Canada directly after the war of the American Itevolution.
To Mr. and Mrs. Aylsworth were born fifteen children, thirteen of
whom lived to be ov(;r sixty years of age— Benjamin, Job, David,
John, Robert, Henry K., Elizabeth, Daniel P., Isaac B., Mary J., Sarah
A. Peter and Mercy. Mr. Aylsworth was a prosperous farmer, and
was the owner of 500 acres of land, wliich he divided among his
children. He was a member of the Methodist Church, and was a man

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

721

who took a great deal of interest in church matters, being steward,
class leader and trustee for many years. He lived to be eiglity-six
years of age, as did also his wife. He was one of the best known
men in the locality, and was universally respected. He was a soldier
in the war of 1812. His son, Daniel P. Aylsworth, remained and
assisted his father on the farm, until he attained his growth and
received his education in the common schools. He married Miss
Lncinda Fralick, daugliter of Martin and Hannah (Hf)llinan) Fralick.
To Mr. and Mrs. Aylsworth were born thirteen children, eleven of
whom lived to be grown — Ebenezer, Almeda H., Julia A., Mercy J.,
Amarilla M., William N., Richard P., Henry W., Mary E. and Lola A.
After man'iage Mr. Aylsworth kept a general store at Xewburg, Ont.,
for ten years, and in 1848 he came to Middlesex County, and settled
on the 1st Concession, Dorchester Township, south of the river, where
he lived until LSSO. He then moved to Dorchester Station, and there
he is now residing. In 1857, Mr. Aylsworth was appointed Township
Clerk, an office which he has held continuously ever since, a ])eriod of
thirty-three years, and to the general satisfaction of all. He is politically
as well known as any man in the township. He has been commis-
sioned to take affidavits since 1880, and has filled the office of magis-
trate since 188;!. He has always taken a great interest in all laudable
enterprises, and has given his support to the same in a very substantial
maimer. He was Secretary of the Township for three years, and also
filled the office of School Trustee. He, his wife and family .are mem-
bers of the Methodist Church, in which he has been Trustee and class
leader, and to which he has contributed liberally. He has been a
local preacher for over forty years. In his political views Mr. Ayls-
worth is a Iteformer, and is liberal in his views on all subjects of
importance. He is a man who has been cl(i.sely identified with the
interests of the townshi)) for many years, and has tlie universal respect
of all acquainted with iiim.

Egerton Robert Baines (Deceased).

Egerton 1!. Daines (deceased), was store-keeper for the Western
Division of the CJrand Trunk llailroad at London, Out., and was born
in Toronto, York (,"ounty, Ont., in LSoO, and in his youth received
excellent educational advantages, being a pupil in the Up{ier Canada
College until eighteen years of age. He subse([Uently went to Liver-
pool, England, where lie commenced his mercantile ex])erience, and
remained seven years. In 18.5lt he accepted a i)Osition with the Great
Western liaih'oad of Canada as store-keeper, and after the consolidation
of the Great Western with the Graiid Trunk Kailroad, acted in the
same capacity for the Western Division of this system. In Se])tember,
1881, he was called to London, where he continued to make his home
Up to the time of his death. The length of time ho was in the employ

722

HISTORY OF THE

of the System and the faithful manner in which he dischar{3;ed the
dnties of the position speak louder than words can do, the high place
he held in the estimation of the company. He was killed in the St.
George railroad disaster on the 27th of February, 1S89, at the age of
5(S years, his death being deeply lamented by his family and numerous
friends.

Maurice Baldwin.

Maurice Baldwin, dealer in coal and wood at London, is a native
of Queen's County, Ireland, born January 21, 1844, and is the son of
John and Jane ((."ronyn) Baldwin, both natives of Ireland, and the
father a farmer by occupation. Of the seven children born to their
union, Maurice is the fifth. Early in life the latter went to England,
served his time in ship-building, and came to the United States in
18(30. He worked for some time in the Brooklyn Navy Yards, and in
1862 came to Canada, where he worked at boiler making, and was
then employed at Huron College for a time. Since that time he has
been engaged in the wood and coal business at London. He was a
member of the London East Council, elected by acclamation, and he
has been identified with the following orders : — Orangemen — Master
the Tioyal Black Knights of Ireland; A. F. & A. M.— Royal Arch
Mason ; Eoyal Arcanum ; Independent Order of Foresters. Mr. Bald-
win was married November l(j, 1865 to Miss Mary Jane Robin-
son, daughter of William Robinson of Dorchester Township. Mrs.
Baldwin was born in Quebec, anrl by her marriage became the mother
of these children :— Jane, Susan, 15essie, Robert, Willie, Maud, Wynona,
Prudie, and one son, John, who is now deceased. Mr. Baldwin has
made all his property by his own efforts, is in comfortable circum-
stances and has contracts for sixteen years in coal and wood. He also
held contracts for watering streets, grading blocks and paving streets
with the Coi^jjoration of the City of London.

J. D. Balfour, M. D.

J. D. Balfour, M. D., Superintendent of London Hospital and one
of the successful practitioners of the city, was born in Perth County,
Ont, in 1857, and is the son of James and Catherine (Worthington)
Balfour, the father a native of Scotland. Dr. ]5alfour was reared in his
native county, and his larly life was spent in agricultural pursuits, and
in attending the comn <\\ schools, where he received a good practical
education. He then taught school for some time, read medicine in
the meantime, and afterwards attended lectures in Western University,
London, Canada, and at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1887. He received
the following degrees, viz. :— L. R. C. P., L. R. C. S., Edinburgh, F. P.
and S., Glasgow. In October, 1887, he took charge of the London

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

723

Hospital, and is qualified in over way for the position he so success-
fully fills. He is one of the rising young physicians, and the outlook
before him is full of jn'omise. In 18.S.S he chose for his companion in
life Miss Bella Mc(iill, a native of Ontario, and the fruits of this union
are two children, Edward liurke and Richard. Dr. Balfour is a mem-
ber of the A. F. & A. M.

Luther Barnard.

This gentleman is of English descent, and the son of Byron
Barnard, who was born in Vermont, and was a farmer by occupation.
He was married in his native State to Miss Eleanor Barrows, who
bore hiij these children : — Luther, Norman, Albert, Clarlos, Alonzo,
Eliza, Mary and Abigail. Mr. Barnard owned a farm near the town
of Bristol, County of Addison, but sold this, and in ISlio moved to
Canada, and settled on the 2nd Concession of Westminster Township
when there were but three stores in London, and with the assistance
of his son bought and cleared 100 acres of land. The country was a
wilderness at that time, and wild animals were yilentiful. ]\Ir. Barnard
built a log house, shingled it with bark, and, of course, endured all the
privations incident to pioneer life. He was an honest, hard-working
man, and lived on the farm all his days, which was for over sixty
years. Rufus Barnard, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was
a soldier in the war of the lievolution on the American side, and
Frank Barnard, an uncle, was an ofticer — a Lieutenant — in the war of
1812.

Luther Barnard, subject of this sketch, was born in Vermont, in 1822.
Although but twelve years of age when he came with his parents
to Canada, yet very distinctly does he bear in mind the journey
hither, which was performed by way of horses and covered waggons,
the iron horse not then available, which took some si.\ weeks to
complete. He assisted his father in clearing the farm, was inured
to hard work, and owing to the unsettled conditions of the country
received limited educational advantages. Quaintly humorsome, Mr.
Barnard relates a cattle-driving exi)loit to Michigan when about twenty
years of age: — The rofids in those days from London to Sarnia were
not composed of steel rails, nor yet gravel, but along the mud roads
at intervals stretches of corduroy crossings, some three miles in length,
were the inevitable. In the trip one certain cow mired three times in
one day. On miring the third time, .she was left to shift for herself.
Going on with the rest of the cattle, at the first settler's dwelling he
came to, he gave the cow away, and wiiile telling tiie man where he
could find her, along came " bossy," having extricated herself When
driving her along five miles further he sold her for SI 5. At the close
of a day's journey in making the home trip, a night's lodging was
sought. Upon being ushered into the dwelling by the kind host, he

724

HISTOHY OF THE

found liiinself in a quarter, wliich, to meet the convenience of the
times, consisted of lionse and barn comljined. He was favored to a
jiallet of hay for a bed, and tiic fowls at roost, hard by, lent more than
their usual charm to make the night's rest one of peace and quiet. In
18-14, or thereabout, being twenty-two years of age, jMi'. }>arnard paid a
visit to his boyhood's home, at the foot of the Gi'een Mountains, Ver-
mont. He went by way of double waggon to Hamilton; from there
to Toronto by boat, and stopped tiiere three days on account of a
storm, claimed by the cajttain to be the most severe he had known in
five years. He sailed from Toronto to Schenectady, York State, and
from there to White Hall, Vermont, and went from there to the old
homestead, a distance of thirty-eight miles. Mr. Harnard remained
inider the old jiarental roof until thirty years of age, .and then ])ur-
chased the farm where he now resides, which was then a dense forest.
He cleared the land and helped to build the house in which he now
lives. In \H5'2 he married Miss Cfiroline Jackson, daughter of
William and Mandana ((Jurtice) Jackson.

Mr. Jackson was ati early settler from Vermont, and moved to
London Town.ship in ] .S34. Fiom there he moved to Westminster
Township. They were the parents of five children, Andrew, I'ornelius,
Caroline, Martha ; ud Louise. Mr. Jackson lived to be 72 years of
age, was a soldier in the war of 1812, was in the battle or l*lattsbm'g,
and a bullet discharged from the enemy's gun ])loughed its way through
the crown of his hat. Mr. Curtice, the maternal grandfather of ^Irs.
Barnard, was a Eevolutioiiary soldier on the American side, and
Andrew Jackson, her brother, took ])art in the United States civil war,
and was a sujiporter of the Union. Mrs. Barnard, in her maiden
days, held the jiosition of school teacher, and cites an instance when it
became her auty to severely reprimand quite a sized youth, his f)lfence
being that oi having thrown a small garter snake al)out the neck of one of
the school girls. This same lad afterwards became her brother in-law.
To Mr. and Mrs. Barnard were born ten children, five of whom have
lived to the present time, John, Albert, Emma, Eliza and Julia.
Owing to the abundance of wild game of those earlier days and a
natural inclination for rifle-shooting, Mr. Barnard became a practiced
and skilled marksman. In ISoS he encountered a large bear upon his
own farm. Nine times, with xmemng aim, sjied from his rifle the
dccath-dealing leaden messenger l)efore master Bruin gave o'er the con-
test. The bear must have weighed 400 pounds. At another time
four wolves stubbornly challenged his right to the possession of .some
deer he had marked for his own. Mr. Barnard takes considerable
interest in educational matters and the success of schools. The Niles-
town school is one of the best in the county. He is a Reformer in
politics, and is, together with his wife, a member of the Baptist Church.
They are blessed with the knowledge of knowing and seeing their
children, all of whom are now grown to manhood and womanhood,
following in their footsteps and holding the more importtint and
responsible positions both in church and society.

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX. 71'..)

B. F. Baetlett.

This s«"tlp»i'i"i who is a resident of Mt. I'ry(l<,'es, and who was
one ()(' the fiv.st settlers of Caradoc Townshij), is a native of MacHson
County, N. Y., was born December 21, 1S21, and is the youn,t,'est of
eitjht children born to the union of Ijenjaniin and JSetsey (I'ratt) Hart-
lett, both natives of Massachussetts. The jiarents left their native
State in 1.S27 and located in Caradoc Townshi]), Middlesex County,
Out., where the father jiurchased KJU acres of land, to which lie sidjse-
<|iiently added another hundred acres. He continued farming,' until
his death, which occurred in liSlil ; Mrs. IJartlett had died jirevious to
this, in ISo)! Owiny to the scarcity of schools and of the unsettled
condition of the country, B. F. Bartlett did not receive the l)est educa-
tional advantages, but improved what opportunities he did receive.
With three of liis neif;hbor.s' children he attended school kept at the
liome of one of these neighlxirs during the winter months, and in the
summer he assisted on the farm. In November, 1817, he married
Misis Rachel Adamson, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the daughter of
John and Kebecca Adamson. After this iniion they moved, first to
Toronto, anil later to Middlesex County, where they have since resided.
Here were born to them the following children : — Albert and Victoria,
twins (Albert died when an infant, and Victoria married Dugald
McLean), James, Henry, George (who died at the age of eight
years), Do Loss (who died at the age of seven year.s), xVnnie (who
dii'd at the age of three yeans), Frank, Amy (who died at the age of
two years), Elda and Edgar. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett are both members
of the Chiu'ch of England, in the services of which he has always
taken an active part. In 1850-1 lie was collector of taxes for Cara-
doc Township, and was census taker in IcS.")!!. I'olitically he has
.always been a staunch lleformer. He is a well-read man, and a
" pioneer of the pioneers," having been an eye-witness of the marvellous
growth and vast improvements that have been made in the county
during the jiast sixty years. He has been a liberal contributor to all
enterprises which had for their object the welfare of the county, and
during the sunset of his life he has the satisfaction of knowing that he
is well resjiected and esteemed. He was for many years a farmer, but
subsequently he engaged in the hotel business at Mount Brydges, after
which he was a contractor in the railroad business, and in this he
sustained heavy losses. He then assxmied charge of the Victoria Hotel
at Mt. Brydges, which was destroyed by fire in 18G2.

William Heney Baeteam.

William Henry Bartram, barrister of London, was born in ( 'helton-
ham, Gloucestershire, England, August 21, 1848, and is a .son r)f Wil-
liam and Emily (Soule) Bartram, both of English jiarentage, and, on the
parental side, of Scotch desccmt. The father was an architect, but not

726

U18T0UY OF THE

fm(lin<i ii good ojieiiiiig for his jirofossioii in Engliind lio concluded to
iiniuigrato to Caiiiidii, which liu accordingly did in I (S5U, locating first
in Toronto, where he remained a year or two, and had to turn his
abilities as an amateur artist to account by lujcoming a j}ortrait and
landscape painter. He gained considerable notoriety as an artist l)y
painting the first and only panorama of Upi)er and Lower Canada for
the late Thomas Davidst)U, of liamilton. This jianorama was (sxlii-
bited in Canada and England, and was accidentally biu'uod in Scot-
land. About a year after coming to Canada he sent fur his family
and located at Hamilton, when; he died in 1854 of cholera. He was
the father of five children, of whom W. H. liartram is the eldest. Tiie
latter was four years old when he came to Canada with his mother, and
after his father's death the family moved to Toronto, where he attended
school until 1840, when they moved to Chicago and resided one year
there, during which time his mother died. The subject of this sketch,
with his brothers and sister and their maternal grandmother, then
returned to (Janada, locating at Sandwich, where W. H. completed his
education at the grammar school there. At the age of seventeen he
began the study of law with P. T. Worthmgton, of Wind,sor, during
which time he served as a volunteer in the Fenian raid of LSGG. In
18(37 he came to London where, under the preceptorship of Crown
Attorney Hutchinson, the late (J. C. Abbott and Judge Elliot, ho
completed his legal studies. He was admitted as an attorney in
Hilary Term and called to the Bar in the Easter Term (1S71), .soon
alter forming a law partnership with Mr. Hutchinson, the firm title
being Hutchin.son & Bartram, which was dissolved In 1874, when
Mr. l')artram became associated with Frank Love, the firm being
Bartram li Love. This partnership was dis.solved in 1877, and Mr.
Bartram has since carried on his extensive practice alone. He is
a commissioner in Ontario for taking affidavits to be used in ]Mani-
toba, and is also a notary jniblic. He is registrar of the law depart-
ment of the Western University ; has been reeve for London ^\'e.st for
three years, and is now the solicitor for that corporation. He has
been president of the St. George's Society of London, and in August of
1887 was elected vice-president of the North American St. George's
Union, to hold office until the next meeting of the convention in
Philadelphia. In 1875 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary J.
Barker, a native of London, by whom he is the father of four childrisn,
Paith M., William G. Renwick, Amy R., and Isabel M. Mr. and Mrs.
Bartram are members of the Church of England, and he is a member
of the Masonic fraternity, St. George's Society, Royal Arcanum, Inde-
pendent Foresters, Sons of England and Ancient Foresters.

Robert Baty ( Deceased).

Robert Baty was one of the old pioneer farmers of Middlesex County,
and was of Scotch and English descent. Arthur Baty, his grandfather,

COUNTY OF MIDDLHSKX.

7li7

was born in Noitliunilievliind Comity, Eiijiliiiid, and about 18l!0 joined
bis son, Thomas Haty, wiio had imniij,'niti;d to Nuw York Stat(i in IS 17,
and tu Middlesex County, Ontario, in 1820. The latter settled on
the ninth Concession of London Township, and in IS.'iO moved to
Westminster Townshiji, bavinjji bou^dit tlie {jsrist-mill at Pond Mills.
He was married to Marj,'aret Telfer, a dan;,'bter of liobert Telfcr,
who came from Northinnberland County, Knyland, in 181i0, and by
her became the fatli(!rof two children, who lived to- matnrity — Itobcrt
and Arthur — and throughout life was engaged in milling and in agri-
cultural |iursuits. The ])arents bcfcame well-to-do citizens of the connty.
They were earnest members of the Presbyterian ( 'hurcb, in which Mr.
llaty was an Elder for many years ; and he also served as a member
of the Townshii) Council, and died at the age of sixty-eight years,
having lived a useful and busy life. Robert Baty, whose name heads
this sketch, was born in New York State in ISIS, and was about two
years of age when he was brouglit to Canada, where his boyhood days
were spent on a farm in the wilderness, and his early educational
advantages were fairly good. After attaining manhood he married a
daughter of Adam Telfer, by whom ho became the father of three
children — Thomas, Adam and Arthur. After his marriage he assisted
his father in the mill for many years, and then located on a farm of
100 acres at Pond Mills. SuUsequently he acipiired 200 acres more, all
of which he left to his sons. Since this sketch was first written he has
died, that event occurring March 2, 188*J. He was a member of every
building committee of his congregation, and for many years served f>n
the committee of management, of which body he was generally chair-
man. He find his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church,
and he was a man who always lived a life of honorable and useful
citizenship, winning the respect and esteem of all by his many admir-
able traits of character.

/. H. A. BEATTIE.

J. H. A. Be.ittie, a rising young barrister of London, Ont., is a
native of the town in which he now resides, and was born on April
7, 18(J3. His ])arents, John and Virginie (Puttemans) Beattie, were
born in the north of Ireland and in Belgium respectively, the former
coming to Canada with his parents when fourteen years of age. He
was a prominent and successful merchant of London for many years,
and is now living retired from active business life, enjoying the fruits
of his many years of toil. J. H. A. Beattie, his son, was reared in the
town of London, and was chiefly educated by Dr. Tassie, of the town
of Gait, and pursued his legal studies under the directions of Hon. W.
R. Meredith. He was called to the bar in Hilary term, 1888, and
was also appointed Notary Public and Solicitor. He belongs to the
Independent Order of Foresters; is a member of the firm of Meredith,

728

IIISTOUY OF TIIK

FisliiM" Si Bi'uttio, Olio of llu; Iciuliiii,' (ii'iiis of biiiTistors in VVcsttTn
Ontario, iimi, iis such, is iissociutftl in his pmt'tice with Winiiiiu It.
Mcit'dith, Ksc}., Q. C, M. V. P., the leader of the Opposition in the
Lojiishiture of Ontiirio.

Edward Beattie.

Kdwiucl Jk'iittie is ii jpi'oininent fiunn'r of Noitli l)i)rchester Town-
.shijp, iind is a son of WilHain lieatlic, wiui was a iiativt; of Lidilesdali'.
Uoxhuriisliiiv, Scotland, and was niairied to .Janet Ho),';^, who bore him
lifteen children: — John, VVilliaiu, Catherine, Mar^'aret, June, James,
Isaliella, Andrew, Kdward, Janet, Xancy, l)avid, Mary, I'eter aiul
(Jeorjic. Mr. Heattie was a shejiherd in his iiativi; land, but, after
cominj^ to Canada in ISliO, enyaj,'ed in tilliiin the soil on a farm of loU
acres, which he had entered, lie fir,st resided in a little loj^-hou.se, but
it has loii<^ since j;iven place to a ctiininodious and comfortable residence,
and liis farm, which was then a wilderness, now yields abundant crops.
After comiiif^ to the New World, he first located in the United States,
in New York State, but soon after came to Canada, where he spent
tilt! remainder of his days, dyiiii,' in 18G4 at the a<,'e of seventy-two
years, having been a member of the Presbyterian (Jhurch for many
years. Kdward IJi-attie, his son, and the immediate subject of this
sketch, was born on the old homestead, at I'oiid Mills, was reared on a
faini, and received his education in a school conducted by Adam
Murray. After reachiiif,' manhood, he married Jane Stewart, a daughter
of Charles and Agnes (I'atton) Stewart, aiiil eight children were the
result of their union: — William K., (.Charles S., John P., James G.,
Agnes, Andrew A., danet A. and David \i. Previous to his marriage,
Mr. Heattie had taken ii]( some land on the lake shore, where he lived
for three years, and in IS.I.'i bought his ])resent farm of 2(10 acres, to
which ])lace he brought his wife, whom he married in ISoG. They
are members of the Presbyterian ('hurch, and he is a Peformer, hold-
ing liberal views on all subjects of importance. He has taken an active
interest in all matters pertaining to the advancement of schools, and
has held the otHce of School Trustee for a number of years. He
is essentially a self-made man, and deserves inucli commendation for
the way in which he has surmounted many obstacles ; for he started
in life with no capital but an abundant supply of energy and deter-
mination, and in time became one of the wealthy citizens of the
county. He is now the owner of 2;")0 acres of fine farming land, and
has assisted his .sons in obtaining odO acres more. His farm is well
stocked, and he has a substantial brick residence and excellent barns.

Nelson Beaver.

Nelson Heaver, a farmer of Muncey Reserve, Caradoc Township, is
& celebrated hunter and trader, and is Chief of the Chippewa Indians ;

Bea
ant'
deer
Iiidi
Call

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

720

his ancestors for iiuuiy {generations hack liaviiii,' been noted ( "liieftains.
His father, Meskohenas, or Ited JJinl, uftcu" liis "^randfatlier'.s deatli, was
succeeded by liis brother Toniaoo; after Tomaco's deatli, was succeeded
by John Uihiy, an uncle of Nelson Heavcu', and other chiefs. His
maternal j,'randfalher was Nowwowsisswahnaby, who was one of the
•greatest chiefs of his trib(i and foUL;lit under Tecuniseh, and was a ]mv-
ticijiant in the battle of I.undy's Lane. The wife (»f Meskobenas was
Oniiss(iuahbun, and to tlieni were born twelve children, six of whom
lived to l)e {,'rown. Nelson I'leaver was born in March, 1S19, and fol-
lowed the wanderings of his tribe alouj,' the Thames liiver, enj,M;,'ed in
huntinf,' and tishinj,'. They resided in cabins made of red elm bark
with a fire in the centre. Their floors also consisted of the bark, and
their beds of the skins of wild animals, and as wood was to be had all
around them, they kept {,'ood fires and livi'd very comfortably during
the Ion;,', cold winter months. Air. Heaver well remembers Chief Jim
Muskahuij^e, who fouj^ht in the War of 1812, Chief Yahbance, (Jhief
Aliskokomon, Old Kanotanj,', who was a great warrior anil was head
Chief of the liear Creeks, Jim Cary or Bakakadus, who was one
of the greatest warriors of his day, and Simon, wliu was also famed as a
warrior. The Indians believe in the (Jreat Spirit, and that after death
they will go to the llai)]>y Hunting Grounds; but all are compelled
to cross a rapid river, aiiross which a log is stretched, which the good
Indians readily cross, but the bad Indians find to be very slippery
;ind treacherous, and will finally fall into the water beneath, thus
losing all chance of reaching the much desired Happy Hunting Grounds.
Nelson 13eavor's father died just prior to his birth, and his mother
was killed by a drunken son, who, eight years after, killed himself.
Marriages were solemnized in the following fashion : — The would-be-
groom's parents would take ju'csents of deer skins and ])onies to the
bride, and if these j^resents were accepted, the bargain was nuide ; and
after such a marriage the i)arties seldom left each otliei', but con.sidered
their marriage binding forever, and unchastity was a thing almost
unknown among them. Mr. Beaver thinks the Indians of the jireseut
day are much more immoral than when he was a boy. Mr. Beaver
himself was married Indian fashion, and lived this way until he was
forty years of age. In 1852 he went to California, taking the overland
route via Salt Lake, with Dr. Billington, James Patrick, B. Jiurley,
Luke Allison, John Dodd, M. Thompson, John White, D. Hogarth,
Mr. Hebert and several others, purchasing their outfit in Kansas City
(which then consisted of but one store), then pressed on westward and
s])ent two weeks at Salt Lake City, where they well treated by the
Mormons. They were over five months on the journey, and Mr.
Beaver went as hunter and guide ; but they often sullered with hunger,
anc' at one time were without food. Mi. Beaver killed a great many
deer, three builidos and eight antelopes. He saw a great many wild
Indians, and came near being killed by them ; and after living in
California for about eight months, returned home via the Isthmus of

730

HISTORY OF THE

Panama. He has been a great luinter all his life, and estimates tliat
he has killed 2,")0() deer during his lifetime, eiirhty being black-tailed
deer, which he killed in Calil'ornia. In Novcnnber and December .lo
killed 150 deer in Dorchester Townshij), after his retnrn from the
West. He has also killed many wolves and elk, and has an excellent
voice for calling the latter. In ISGO he married Mary lioberts, wlio
died after bearing two sons, William and lUirwell, and ibnr daughters.
He next married Helen M. Ganzeboot, who was three-fourths white
and one-fourth Tnscarora Indian. They have one son, George W.
Nelson Beaver is a member of tlie Methodist Churcli, and ha.s acted
as interpreter to clergymen on the Manitouliu Island for many years.
He owns a ^.^ood farm of 100 acres, on which is an excellent brick
residence, and also owns 250 acres on the Indian Reserve. He is
now sixty-nine years of age, has an excellent memory, and is noted
for his shrewdness and intelligence. He is as well-informed as many
white people, has always been a law-abiding citizen, and as he has
surmounted untold difliculties, his race may well emulate him and
point to his career with pride.

Frederick Marlett Bell-Smith.

In the progressive age in which we live the painters' art has steadily
kept pace with commercial advance, wliile the enlightened education
of the day makes us the more a])preciative works of science and art.
Hence, it is fit and proper that ])ainting, fostered as it has been since
the early ages, should in the history of the county be duly represented;
and he whose name heads this sketcli needs no further introduction to
the citizens of London. He was born in London, England, September
26, 1846. His father, John Bell-Smitli, was - ])ortrait jiainter of wide
reputation, and came to (."anada in 1866. llis mother, (Jeorgiana
Maria, was the daughter of Mavlett Eoddy, who was an olHcer in the
service of the Admiralty. Of the twelve children born to his ]iarents,
Frederick M. Bell-Smith was the eldest. He was educated in England,
and early developed a talent in what has since been his chosen occu-
mtion, and he received special instruction in the best art schools of
■gland. On his arrival in Canada in 1867, one year later than liis
lather, he settled in Montreal, and lived there until 1871, when he
removed to Hamilton, where he remained until 187"). He then
changed his residence to Toronto, but later returned to Hamiltdii,
where he remained until his removal to London in 18<S2. He is one
of the original members of the lioyal Canadian Academy and of the
Ontario Society of Artists, and has established a wide rei)Utation as one
of the largest exhibitors at the annual exhibition of tlus Royal Canadian
Society and of the Ontario Society of Artists, in which he carried oil'
the highest honors As a director in the fine arts department, too much
cannot be said, for his energetic cllbrts have born*, good fruit on the train-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

7;u

iiig of pupils who now hold <?(Jod positions as teachers, and to him is largely
due the reform in art studies that has taken jjlace in our schools and
colleges. He has also been an < -l-ibitor at the lloyal Aciuleniy of
London, England. His summer vr nations are siient in sketching from
nature, and in this oipacity he has vi.sited (,'ape Hroton and other ])arts
of Nova Scotia, New ISrunswick, tlie coast of Maine, the VVhite
Mountains of New Hamjishire, the lliver St. Lawrence, and the
eastern townslii])s of (Quebec ; and tlie ])ast two years he has spent in
the liocky ^Mountains and British Columbia, not only as an artist, but
as an elocutionist and cartoonist. He has gained an enviable reputa-
tion, and is endorsed in this talent, as well as in art, by tlie best re])Ve-
sentatives of the pulpit, bar, and the educational platform. Mr. Bell-
Smith was married in LS7l to Mi.ss Annie Myra, daughter of S. W.
Dyde, E.sq., and niece of Lieut.-( 'olonel I )yde, A. I). V. They have
two children, both sons — Frederick antl Claude. Mr. Bell-Smith is
identified with the Alasonic (Jrder, being a Knight Templar, and is also
a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

N. H. beemee, m. d.

N. H. Beemer, M. I)., assistant-superintendent of the Asylum for
the Insane, is one of the successful and jn'omising members of the
medical profession in tliis part of Ontario, and his labors in the j)ractico
of this science have given him well-deserved prominence among his
professional brethren. He was born in County Norfolk, Ontario,
August 19, 'Soo; his parents, Henry and Esther (Shearer) Beemer,
being natives of the same county. The father was a farmer and nutr-
chant, and carried on business successfully for many years ; but of late
years has lived retired from the active duties of life. His family con-
sisted of four sons and one daughter, of whom Dr. N. PL Beemer is the
youngest sou. He resided in his native county until about sixteen
years of age, his time being chiefly given to attending school, and was
tlien i)laced in the Brantford Gramni!'" School imder the instruction of
David Ormiston, M. A., now a leailing barrister at Whitby, and a
brother of Rev. Ur. Ormiston, who is so well-known throughout Canada
and the United States. Desiring to enter upon a professional life, Mr.
Jkemer commenced the study of mediciiie, anil apjilied himself ener-
getically and perse veringly to this work, and received his degree in
medicine at the Toronto University, in 3 874. He then began practic-
ing his profession in Wyoming, County of Lambton, where he remained
until 187H, when, owing to a laborious country jiractice, the hanlships
and exposiu'es of which threatened to underMUne his health, he accepted
a position in the above-named institution as one of the assistant i)hysi-
ciaiis, and has since ])assed all the grades of i)romotion to his present
position. Soon after his ap)K)intment, he began reading the barrister's
course of the Law Society of Ontario, partly for the sake of the mental

732

HISTOUY OF THE

discipline which the study would inipiut, .and partly with the purpose
of better fitting' himself for the duties of a inedico-lcgal Jurist. Though
he pursued this course durinj,' his odd lioui's for nearly four years, he
was forced by the multiplicity of his ofllcial duties to discontinue the
study befoi'e attemptinjf his final examination. Since his a]ipointment,
he lias lived continuously at the London Asylum, e.xceijt for a ])eriod
of three months in 1887, when the (Government a]ii)ointed him acting
medical superintendent of the Hamilton Asylum, during the illness of
the superintendent of that institution. To his natural qualitications as
a physician he brings a mind stored with medical learning, and an
experience in the management of Tiervous and mental diseases which
has been, and will continue to be, of great value to tho.se coming under
his care. He was a prime mover in advocating the abolishment of
mechanical restraint in the treatment of excitable and violent cases in
the asylum, and also in the humanitarian movenumt of extensive
employment for the patients, and Dr. Bucke, with whom he has been
so long and intimately associated, has repeatedly acknowledged, in his
annual reports, his indebtedness to Dr. IJeemer for his co-o])eration and
support in carrying out these great advances in asylum management.
He is past-nuister of Wyoming lodge, A. F. & A. M., and is a lloyal
Arch Mason. He is a member of tlie Baj)tist Church, and was mar-
ried in 1879 to Miss Mary, a daughter of Alexander Laing, a grain
merchant of Wyoming. She was born at Niagara Falls, New York
State, and she and the doctor are the parents of two children.

Edmund Beltz.

In any calling in life permanent success is largely due to deter-
mined and persistent ellort, and without these important factors no one
can hope to become eminent in any calling. That Mr. Beltz possesses
the.se requisites, is acknowledged by all, for Wu\ trade he has built up
and the reputation he has acquired as a lousiness man are alnindant
proofs of the same. He is a descendant of one of the early settlers of
London, his father, Henry Beltz, who was born v\ *'io State of New
York, having come to Fort Yak about 1827, and to Middlesex County
about 1835, wliere he followed the occupation of builder. Edmund
Beltz was born in the ( 'ounty of Elgin in LSo.'!, and came; with his
parents to ]\Hddlesex County, where, after attaining a suitable age, he
began working at the hatter's traile and also familiarized himself willi
the fuirier's business. He served a i'>gular a])])renticesliip, and in
1858 engaged in the business on his own account, and at tlie jn'esent
time is one of the oldest merchants in the city. If is stock of goods is
vciy full and comjilete, and represeius th(! most re])utabl(i manufac-
turers, as well as hats and caps of his own nuike, his establislnnent
being the favorite resort of the mo.st fastidious. He first embarked in
business on a small scale, but increased his stock from time to time

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

7:^c

as far as his means would permit, and in so doing attended strictly to
business, even to its most trivial details, and was always attentive
and scruj)nlously honest with his customers, and thereby has built up
a trade which, in point of magnitude, is unequalled by any house in
the same business in the city. In the early history of London he
became prominent as a member of the Fire Dei)artment, and served in
this capacity for about fifteen years. He is a member of Forest City
Lodge, No. 3(S, L 0. 0. F., and a member of Adelphian Encampment,
("anton No. 1, of London. He is Grand Treasurer of the Grand
Encampment of the L O. O. F., and is also a member of St. Georoe's
Lodge of the A. F, and A. ]\[. In 186() he was married to Miss Lydia
Hanson, a daughter of ( ". F. 1 Fanson, manager of the Lake Erie, Essex
& Detroit Eailroad, running from Windsor to Kingsville.

W. J. BIRKS.

W. J. Birks, organist at the Dundas Street Methodist Church,
London, Canada, and musical instructor, was born in Goderich, County
of Huron, Out. His father. Rev. W. Birks, was born in Staifordshire,
England, and was there reared to manhood, and there ju'ejiared him-
self for his chosen calling. In 185-i he was sent as a missionary from
England to Canada, and is still living, actively engaged in his minis-
terial labors. He was married in his native land to Miss Julia Plant,
and by her became the fiither of three sons, W. J. Birks being the
eld(?st. The latter was reared in Canada, aTid resided in the various
places his father's work called him, and early developed a talent for
music. He studied with F. H. Torrington, of Toronto, and subse-
quently went to England, where he remained five years. While there
he was engaged as organist in one of the leading Methodist churches
of London, and during three years of his .stay there studied with the
late Frederick Scotson Clark, a celebrated English organist and com-
poser. Before his return to ( 'anada, ho made an eTigagement wit^ the
Dundas Street Centre Methodist Church, and ho has just completed an
engagement of five years, and has b(!en engaged for another five years.
He has a natural aptitude as a conductor of music, and is devoted to the
work. His choir, which comprises s(!venty-five voices, is one of the
best drilled in Canada, and tlieir rendering of sacred music adds much
to the devotional services of the church. Mr. Birks is always striving
to raise the standard of music in London, and in this he has the sup-
])ort of the peojile at large. His rooms in the Oddfellow's Hall are
liberally patronized by musical students.

Feter Birtwistle.

Among the business men of London, Out., who have won dis-
tinction as successful merchants, and who have, by personal industry

734

HISTORY OF THE

■i

and genuine business ability, succeeded in establishing a desirable trade,
may be mentioned Mr. Birtwistle, whose name heads this brief
biography. His career has placed him ])rominently before the public
as an able financier, and his reputation has been obtained by tireless
energy, unyielding perseverance, a keen foresight of events, a skillful
adaptation to the tastes find necessities of the public, nnd a judicious
use of means. He was born in Kngland, and is the eldest son of Joseph
and Mary (Blackburn) Birtwistle, and received a liberal education in
his youth at Satley College, Birmingham. In ISfia he immigrated to
Canada, and for a period of two years was engaged in teaching school,
after which he returned to England, and the subsequent two years was
engaged in the manufacture of dross goods. in 1869 he again came
to Ontario, and opened a jewelry store in London, and, as stated sibove,
no one in the city has established a more enviable reputation for honor
and fair dealing than he. His stock is purchased for cash of the manu-
facturers, and is sold at jirices btit little, if any, in advance of what
other dealers pay, a benefit that his many patrons are not slow to avail
themselves of. By strict attention to business he has built up a trade
which, in magnitude and valuable returns, is not exceeded in his line
in the city. A few such men as he make a city, and are indisjiensable
to its ])rosperity and develo]>men*^. When shrewdness, ability, enter-
prise, and industry are combined, wealth is certain to be accumulated,
and is not only enjoyed by the one thus gifted, b.it by the many to
whom a means of livelihood is afl'orded and to the city and country as
well. Although a careful business man, he is noted for the liberal
assistance extended to more than one young man, whose business
prospects are now ])roniising, and who are indebted to his bounty and
timely aid. He is a member of the ]\Iasonic order, and is a Past
Master of Kilwinning lodye, No. 64.

Jo SI AH Blackburn.

Josiah Blackburn, managing editor of the London Free Prei<s, was
born in London, England, in l.S2o, and received his education in the
City of London School. He came to Canada in LS.'jO, and, having
acquired a taste for literary and political work, he, very naturally,
.soon drifted into the news]ia])er business, and the year following his
arrival in the Dominion we find him associated with the Paris »V^'«/',
with which ])aper he was connected until \H'^2, when he i)urchased the
interest of the Loi;,lon Free Press, of which he assumed charge at the
close of th(> year. He aided .soon afterwards in the estidjlishnient of
the IngersoU Chronicle, and for some time conducted both jiapers. He
began issuing the DaUij Free Press in 1S55, and at that time was in
accord witli liie lieform jiarty of the day, and at the general election of
1858 was one of the candidates of thiit ])arty, but was tlefeated bj' the late
Marcus Tulbot. Li LS5'J a ditlerence aro.se with his political friends,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

735

growinn; out of the attitude of the Globe with resjiect to an attack made
in its columns on the motives of the judges in the decisions tliey gave
in the episode known as the " Double Shnftle." The course taken by
Mr. Blackburn was hotly denounced, and an attempt was made to
dragoon him, after the manner of those times. Shortly after he adduced
reasons why the Reformers should look to the late Hon. .fohn Sandfield
Macdonald as their leader, and in l(S(.i2 that highly-honored gentleman
was called to office at Quebec, and Mr. Blackburn was asked by his
Government to conduct the Mercui'y in the interests of the Mini.stry,
to which he agreed, availing himself of the valuable services of Mr.
George Sheppard. After the fall of the Sandfield Macdonald Adminis-
tration in l(S(j4, a coalition of the parties took place on the basis of the
Confederation of the whole of the l^ritish North American Provinces,
finding the Hon. George Brown in the same Cabinet with his ancient
op])ononts. Sir .lohn S. Macdonald and Sir George Cartier supported that
movement, and Mr. Blackburn remained firmly attached to those men
and the cause which they represented, and thus declined, with others, to
follow Mr. Brown when he retired from the ranks of the Coalition
Government. In 1872, Mr. ]>lackburn was requested to aid in the
establishment of the Toronto Mail, and remained connect'jd with that
pa])er for about fifteen months. In 1881 he was appointed one of the
chief census oflicers, and in 1884 was chosen as one of a committee to
proceed to Washington to investigate the methods of public printing
adopted there, reporting on the same. He has been recognized in many
ways as a useful member of the Canadian press, and has been an
extremely active journalist. Upon political que.'itions Mr. Blackburn's
judgment is admitted to be very sound, and he never, by haste or
immature consideration, prejudices the interest of his party.

Stephen Blackburn.

Stephen Blackburn, Registrar of West Middlesex, is a native of
England, born near London, August G, 1826, son of Kev. John Black-
burn, a pastor of the Congregational denomination in London for thirty-
five years, who was a man of high attainments, and for many years
held the position of secretary of the Congregational Union of England
and ^^^1les. His mother was Sarah Smith, a .Uughter of Robert
Smith, a landea proprietor in Essex, England. Stephen Blackburn is
the fourth soi; in a family of eleven children ; was educated at Mill
Hill Grammar School, near Hendon, ^liddlesex, England. In 184:9
he entered into business as ])rinter and publisher in London, England,
as a ]iartner of Mr. R. K. Burt, the firm subsisting for seven years
under the style of lUackburn & Burt. After the death of both parents
he emigrated to Canada. Here he engaged in business with his
brother Josiah, as publisher of the Free Press, of London, Canada,
which, having been a small weekly paper, was merged into a daily

736

mSTOUY OK THE

edition j\fay 5, 1855. Mr. S. Bliickbuni took an ixctivo jxirt in the
businoss flopartment of tlie firm, and in Jnly, 1871, severed his con-
nection with the same, havin*,' accejited tlie ajijiointinnnt of Rej^istrar of
West Middlesex (onice at (llencoe) from the (Jovcrinncnit of the Hon.
John Sandfield Macdonald, first Premie^'of Ontario, which ho still retains,
having filled the position with honor and credit to himself, and satisfaction
to the pnblic. Sejitember 2(i, 18.")7, ho married at London, P^nf^land,
Miss Susanna Whitaker, second daughter of Henry Whitakor, solicitor
of Chancery Lane, London, who founded the celebrated legal publica-
tion known as Wliitaker's Almanac. To Mr. and Mrs. S. lilacklmrn
were born four children, a son and three dauglitors. The eldest, HoTiry
S., is a partner in the firm of I'lackburn & Cox, solicitors, London,
Canada. Mr. lilackburn is a member of Lome Lodge, No. 282, A. F.
and A. M., at Glencoe ; and has been a Freemason since l.S5o.

William Blinn.

William Blinn, who is closely associated with the farming interest
of Westminster Townshij), Middlesex County, Ont, is the son of War-
ren and HaiTiet Blinn, and the grandson of James Blinn, who was born
in Vermont, in 1770, and emigi'ated to Lower Canada about 1800. He
settled at CIranby, and his descendants live on the old farm, which
consists of 800 acres. Warren Blinn, father of subject, was also a
native of Vermont, and was but one year old when he was brought by
his parents to Lower Canada. He was of French descent on his
father's side, and of English on his mother's side. Ho immigrated to
^Middlesex County when about twenty-nine years of age, and brought
with him his wife and daughter, Eliza, and one son, William, who is
the subject of this sketch, and who was then five years of age. Mr.
Blinn had married, in Lower Canada, Miss Harriet Dyer, daughter of
Edward and Elizabeth Dyer, whose si.ster, Lotta, married Capt. Butler,
of Massachusetts, and became the mother of the eminent Gen. Benj.
F. Butler, of the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Blinn became the
parents of tlu'oo children — William, Eliza and Hiram. Mr. Blinn first
settled when; the Insane A,sylum now stands, and was a contractor by
occupation, and also owned a mill. He was a member of the Baptist
Church, and died in 1876, at the age of seventy-.seven years. His
wife died in 1882, at the age of !S4. Their son, William, was born in
Lower Canada in 182;>, and received a fair education on Market
Square, where the Market now stands, and finished in Brick street
school. He learned in early life the trade of a miller, and, in 1847,
was united in marriage to Miss Flint, daughter of Robert and Hannah
Flint. To Mr. and Mrs. Blinn have been born three children — Eliza
M., Robert W. and William. G. Robert Flint was an Englishman,
who came with liis fiimily to this county in L830, and two years later
moved to Byron, where he worked at the mason trade for some time.

COUNTY or MIDDLKSKX.

r.\7

Later lie bouj,'lit a farm. Ho was tlie futlierof seven children — Ilohert
G., Geor^'o, Mary fdeccased), ^lary, I'iriiey, Patience and H. B, Mr.
Flint died at the au'e of seventy-five years. Ho was a memher of the
Church" of Enfjland, and was a prosiierous farmer. M;-. Jilinn was
engaged in milling at difl'erent places in the county for seventeen
years, and for six of these years followed this occu])ation in Byron.
In 1858 he bought his ]iresent farm, consisting of 2'25 acres of fine
land on the 1st Concession, where he has since lived. ]Mr. Blinn is
an upright, honorable, gentleman, and has the respect of his fellowmen.
He takes an active interest in all laudable enterju-ises, and has been
School Trustee for twenty years. He is a lieformer in politics, and
he and his wife are mend)ers of the ]\Iethodist Church, of which he iis
Steward. He is a self-made man in every respect, and has made all
his ])roperty by his own labor.

Robert Bodkin.

Eobert Bodkin, a popular and enterprising merchant at Delaware,
and son of William and Sarah (Bell) Bodkin, was born in County
Tyrone, Ireland, August 17, 1843. The parents were both natives of
Ireland, and came to Canada in 1847, locating in Delaware Township,
where the father followed farming, and where he still resides. In their
family were ten children, Eobert being the fifth. He remained with
liis jiarents until of age, and at the age of eighteen began teaching,
which occupation he followed for three years. Pie then entered tlio
Victoria College of Medicine at Toronto, where ho remained two and a-
half years, but was then obliged to abandon his studies on account of
ill health. After spending some time in tilling the soil to regain his
health, he again engaged in teaching, and followed this occupation for
seven years, when failing health again compelled him to return to
agr-icultural pursuits. In 1875 he established a mercantile business at
Delaware, where he has since continued. In 1872 he married Miss Mary
A. McFarlane, a native of Canada, and a daughter of Donald McFarlane,
Esq. Three children— two sous and a daughter — were the result of this
union. Mr. ]]odkin is a member of the Alethodist Church, is a Liberal
in politics, has served as township clerk since 1873, is a class leader in
the church, and is president of the Bible Society for the township. In
187G he received tlie ajipointment of jjostmaster, in which capacity he
acted until 1883, when he resigned the position. He has the position
of issuer of marriage licenses in Delaware, and is president of the
Sabbath School Association for the united Townships of Westminster
and Delaware.

John Bogue.

John Bogue, one of the old and much esteemed citizens of the
county, and a prominent farmer of Westminster Township, was born

7:^8

HISTOUY OF THE

in Scotland, November 27, 1800, and is a descendant of one of the old
and Ht«rlin<» Scotch families who have done so mnch to clear up the
country atul make presentable the plcuisant homes of to-day. He was
a fjardener by irade, and in 1820 went to England, where six years
later he wa^i united in marriage to Miss Klizabeth Parrot. This union
resulted in the birth of eight children, who grew to maturity :— John,
Allen, James, Thomas, David, liichard, Ann, and Emma. In 1837,
Mr. Bogue immigrated to Canada and settled on a farm of 1 20 acres on
the 1st Concession, Lot — . Mr. Bogue cleared his farm with his own
hands, and was a hard-working man. He is held in high esteem by
all who know him ; is in very comfortable circumstances, and is now
enjoying the fruits of his labor. He is a member of the Bajaist
Church, of which his wife, who died in 1886, was also a member. Mr,
Bogue is now in his <S'.)th year, and his memory is still good. His son,
Allen Bogue, was born in i^ngland in 18;32, and was about five years
of age when he was brought to this country by his ])arents. He
received a good ])ractical education in the common schools, and in
early life learned the occupation of farming. He is well respected by
the peojile of the township, and has been in the Township Council.
He is president of the Poultry Association, and a member of the
Western Fair Board. He has always taken an active interest in school
and educational affairs and holds the office of trustee.

William Bowman.

Among the men of Middlesex Co. who have been instrumental in
furthering many entei"pri.ses tending to benefit the county, may be
named Mr. Bowman, who, for over thirty years, has been identified
with the busine.ss interests of London and vicinity, and, his life is a
good illustration of the truth that permanent success in any calling in
life is always regulated by well-known laws dependent upon natural
causes. He is a native of Liveqjool, England, and was born March
18, 1820, and is a son of William and Sarah (Piel) Bowman, who were
natives of Cumberland. The father was an iron-founder by occupa-
tion, and his union with Miss Piel was blessed in the birth of nine
children — William being the second son. In his youth he studied
mechanical engineering, at which he worked successfully for many
years, and, in 18o.S, he came to Canada as Mechanical Su])erintendent
of the Great Western Railway, and brought the first locomotive into
London, in October of that year. He remained coimected with the
Great Western Railway for three years, and then resigned his position
to accept the superintendency of the Port Staidey Railway, holding
this position until the road was leased to the Great Western Railway
Coni]iaJiy, He is secretary and treasurer of the Port Staidey Railway
at the present time. He is one of the organizers of the Canada Chemical
Manufacturing Comjniny, being President of the same ; and, in connec-
tion with his son Charles, he is one of the most extensive coal, wood.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

731)

iiiul coke (loiilers in London, and deals in all kinds of anthracite and
bituminous coal, the business iiavin^ become one of the iiu)sl impor-
tant of the city. He was married in Eni,'land, in 1H43, to Miss Emma
M. Smith, by whom he has five; children: — John, a prominent whole-
sale hardware dealer of London ; -James Vj., a Chemist, w) o has charge
of the Chemical Works, and is also I'rofessor of Theoretical Chemistry
in Western University ; Charles, who is associated with his father in
business; Emma S., and Elizabcith E. Mr. IJowman has served in the
City Council as Chairnuxnuf finance, and his influence has always
been on the side of morality antl rij,'ht. In his religious preferences
be is a member of the Methodist Churcli, and has always taken a deep
interest in the Sabbath School, the Y. M. C. A., and temperance work.
He has been a local preacher for about forty years, and has done etfec-
tive and useful work, and is recognized as a faithful and staunch sup-
porter of the cause of Christianit}'.

John Bowman.

John Bowman, of the firm of IJowman, Kennedy & Co., wholesale
dealers in hardware, London, Out., is a native of London, England, and
was born February IS, 1851. His parents were WilHam and Sarah
(Piel) Bowman, both of English birth. The father was a mechanical
engineer, and in 1853 immigrated to Canada, first locating in Hamilton
where he accepted the position of Mechanicfil Superintendent of the
Great Western Railway ; he took the first locomotive into London in
1853, and three years later settled in London, where his home has since
l)een. John IViwman was princiiially reared and educated in London,
where he commenced bis first mercantile experience in the hardware
business ; he subsequently engaged in the coal and wood business,
and in 1887 the firm of Bowman, Kennedy & Co. was established.
Though comparatively one of the recent acquisitions to the wholesale
interests of London, no previous house in so short a time has received
more liberal patronage. In connection with their hardware business
they do the largest coal business in Western Ontario, shipping thous-
ands of tons to Toronto annually, antl their trade in this line extends
through the Province, and is rapidly iK'ing extended westward. For
the length of time they have been established, tiie patronage received
is highly comjilimentary to their manner of doing business, and as
public-sj)irited business men, the niembi'rs of this firm rank high.
Mr. Bowman was married in 1881 to Miss Elizabeth A. Taylor, a
native of London. They have three clnkhen. Mr. Bowman is a
consisteni member of the Dundas Centre Methodist (.'hurch, of which
he is a liberal supporter.

Harry J. Boyd.

Harry J. Boyd, dealer in stoves, and manufacturer of tinware,
galvanized iron cornices, roofing, etc., who is now in the prime of life,

740

HISTOKY OF TIIK

occujiios a favorable posilinn .'hihui^' the business men niul coiitrartors
of Lomlon. He was lioni in livodUlyn, N. Y., May L';", IS U), and in
the son of John and Mary (Walsli) l'>iiyd, Imth natives of Ireland.
About ISaO the father died, and llu* mother with her family then
removed to Tort Dover, Canada. Here Harry J. lioyd was reared, and
after attaiinni^ a suitable aj,'e, served an aiJprenticeship at the; tinsmith
business, beeoniinj^ thoroughly conversant with this industry in all
its details. In ISOd he came to London, and was first in the einjiloy
of Munay Anderson, with whom he remained thre(( months, and was
then engaged by Samuel Melhide, one of tlie oldest houses in this lino
in the city. In 1878 he engaged in business on his own account in
partnershij) with Alexander MeHride, a brother of his former em])loyer ;
imt, owing to sickness in Mr. MclSride's family, the partnership was
dissolved, and subse([nently Mr. l>oyd had a Mr. I'hillips as partner
for a short time. Mr. lioyd is now conducting business on his own
account, and has a well-selected stock of stoves and tinware of his own
manufacture. He does a general contract business in furnaces, gal-
vanized iron cornices, tin rooling, etc. He was the first man in London
to manufacture galvanized iron cornices, anil his correct methods of
doing business, and the thorough mamier in which he tloes his work,
have secured for him a large patronage. Mr. Boyd was married in I8C8
to Miss Annie Kendrick, daughter of John Kendrick. She was born
at the Cape of Good Hope while her father was stationed there as one
of the sa]ipers and miners. They have a family of five ch.ildren —
Herbert John, Frederick, Harry, Ernest IL, and Bessie May. ^Ir.
Boyd has been a member of the L 0. 0. ¥. for si.xteen years.

JOHN BOYD.

In the development, growth and improvement of the City of Lon-
don and Middlesex County, the Boyd family have taken a prominent
part, and are worthy a prominent place in this volume. John Boyd,
whose name heads this sketch, was born in County Kings, Ireland,
November 20, 1848. His parents, Kobert and Mary (Fell) Boyd,
being natives of County Kings, Ireland, and Liverpool, England,
respectively. They emigrated to Canada in 1861 ; two of .Mr. I)oyd's
brothers, Henry and Archil -aid, having come in 1832, and Mr. Boyd
began working as a merchant tailor, which occupation he continued to
follow until his death in April, 1888. He was a man who had long
been identified with the interests of London, and was a successful
merchant ; quiet and retiring in his disposition, but of great strength
of character. He was a member of the order of Orangemen, ami in
his dealings with his fellow-men his word was as good as his bond.
John was the eldest of five children, and worked with his father at the
tailor's trade. In 1871 he became a partner in the business, in time
assuming the responsibilities, and succeeded his father in the business

&kL

COUNTY OK MIIiDLKSKX.

741

after the lattev's death. In 1876 ho wuh dinscMi a inembor of the City
Cduucil, and with the exci'j)ti()n of an interval of two years, lius liidd
tliL' ])osition until tlu; present time, a record which .speaks for itself as
to his j)0]mlarity and business ability as a ;,'nu''dian of tlie city's inter-
ests. Mi.ss Sarah Morris, of St. Marys, Canada, and a native of Scot-
land, l)ecanio his wife in 1871, and their union has been blessed by a
family of four children : — Frederick \V., Eda F., liobert ^L, and Ajj^'ie,
Mr. lioyd is a Master Mason, a mendxjr of the I. 0, O. F,uud is noted
for his ]iractical and metliodical business habits.

P. F. Boyle.

V. V. Boyle, Secretary of the Ontario Mutual Fire Insurance Coni-
])any of London, and one of the successful business men of the city, was
born in Kin'.;s County, Ireland, Deceml)er 25, 1846, and is the son of
AV. F. ami l^llen (J>oyli;) Boyle; were both natives of the "Emerald
Isle," and i)arents of two chiltlren. The suliject of this sketch was
dejirived by death of the jiarental care of ii father, and I'emained in his
native country until a little over seven years of age, when he came
with his mother to Ontario, and settled near Exx'ter. Here his early
life was sjjent on a farm, and he here followed agricultural jiursuits
until about 1871, when he moved to London. In 1872 he became
comiected with the Ontario ^Mutual Fire Insurance Comjtany, and has
passed the various grades of j)romotiou until 1883, when he was
elected st!cretary and manager (full mention of which is given in
another j)art of the volume), and has fdled these positions to the satis-
faction of the company and to the .satisfaction of those with whom he
has had bu,siness relations. Mr. Boyle was married in 187-5 to Miss
Mary Howe, a native of Ireland, who was brought by her jiarents to
this country while an infant. They have an interesting family of four
children — May, Willie, Ella antl Maggie.

Amos Bradforb.

la every community and among all classes there are always some
men who become leaders in whatever they do, whether of a professional,
agricultural <ir commercial nature, and these same men are the ones
who, perhaps unconsciously, take an active and prominent interest in
promoting any investment which may be thought capable of tending
to the welfare of the city or vicim'ty where they reside. Such a man
is Mr. Bradford, who was born in Cambridgeshire, England, Aynl 1,
1840. He is the son of Thomas and Hannah (VVakeiieldj Bradford,
both natives of the same ]ilace. Amos Bradford was rearetl in his
native country until fourtec I'ars of age, and then immigrated to
Canada, settling in London. ." . Bradford engaged in dillerenl occupa-

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

u; ^ 12.2

l!i III 2.0

U 11.6

Photographic

Sdences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

L<P

742

HISTORY OF THE

tions for eight years, and then turned his attention to the confectionery
business, in which he has since been engaged. His present business in
London dates from 1875, since which date he has built up a fine trade,
and, for extent and excellence of his product, Mr, Bradford is the peer
of any man in Ontario. For wedding cakes, cream candies, stick
candies, hoarhouud drops and chocolate creams, Mr. Bradford has
his reputation firmly established over the Province. In 18(i6, Mr.
Bradford maiTied Miss Elizabeth Woodman, of Devonshire, England.
They have a family of nine children — Annie (wife of Alfred Jury, of
Ingersoll), Walter, Carrie, Alice, Minnie, Bertha, Harry, Willie and
Ethel. They lost one son, Alfred. One of Mr. Bradford's prominent
characteristics is his staunch attention to business, even in its minutest
details, and for his probity and honor. Me is a member of the Metho-
dist Church, in which he takes an active part, and of which he is a
liberal supporter.

William Brient.

William Brient, is a descendant of one of the sturdy English fami-
lies who have been so in.strumental in settling up and improving the
County of Middlesex, Ont., and is the son of William Brient, who was
born in Buckinghamshire, England, and who, when a young man of
seventeen years, entered the British army, and was in the war with
Bonaparte. He was in a great many battles, and was wounded. He
was sent to this country during the war of 1812, and was with the
British forces at the battle of Luudy's Lane. Afterwards he received
his discharge, and after remaining at Niagara Falls for about a year,
settled on the 2nd Concession, Lot 36, in 1819, and there received his
final summons. While at Niagara Falls he had married Miss Susan
Wright, who bore him four children — James, William, Emma and
Mary. Mr. Brient cleared his land, which consisted of 200 acres and
was covered with timber, and gave all his children a start in life. He
was a member of the Methodist Church, and was steward and class
leader in the same. He took a great interest in religious matters, was
an honorable, upright citizen, and was a man whose judgment was
highly respected. William Brient, son of the above and subject of
this sketch, was born on the old homestead in 1821, and in early life
learned the art of tilling the soil. He was united in marriage to Miss
Grace A. Lemon, daughter of John and Rachel Lemon. To Mr. and
Mrs. Brient were born six children — John W. (deceased), Jane (de-
ceased), Rachel A., Susan, IMary (deceased), Emma. After marriage
Mr. Brient settled on a part of the old homestead, and now owns 350
acres of that land. He is an industrious, hard- working man, and one
of the county's first-class citizens. He and wife are members of the
Baptist Church, as are all his children. Mr. Brient has assisted
greatly in developing the resources of the county, and has done a great
deal in church and educational matters. He is a man who is well
respected by all acquainted with him.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

74E

Alexander A. Brodie.

Alexander A. Brodie, farmer and Justice of the Peace, is one of
representative citizens of North Dorchester, and is a son of George
Brodie, who was a native of the parish of St. Fergus, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland. His wife, Jane Milne, was a daughter of John Milne of the
Town of Elgin, Murrayshire, Scotland, and their union was blessed by
the birth of six children : — George, James, Alexander A., Jane, Wil-
liam, and Charles J., allalive at this date. In 1835, Mr. Brodie and
family emigrated to Upper Canada, and located North of Toronto in the
Townshij) of Wliitechurch in the County of York, Lot 2, 5th Conces-
sion. Mr. Brodie Had a letter of recommendation from Mr. Lowe, a
prominent gentleman of Aberdeen, to W. I^. Mackenzie, who recom-
mended the Niagara District as a good part of the country to settle in.
Mr. Mackenzie read the letter and returned it, which is now in the
possession of the subject of this sketch, a curious memento of half a
century ago. Mr. Brodie had little knowledge of the politics of Canada
at that time ; his idea on the subject of rebellion did not harmonize
with Mr. Mackenzie's ; at all events, consequently, association with
Mr. Mackenzie soon ceased. Mr. Brodie and his sons cleared up their
farm and added unto it until they were in comfortable circumstances.

AN'hen quite a young man, Mr. Brodie served in the Aberdeenshire
Militia, and often entertained an evening's company describing cele-
brated British officers and ladies who came to review the regiment.
He was urged by (Captain Fenwick and other loyal gentlemen of the
county to oiler his services to the Government during the Ilebellion of
1837-8. Being of a retiring disposition, and interested in the clearing
of his farm, he declined — perhaps to the pecuniary loss of the family.
He, however, subsequently filled the office of Township Councillor for
a number of years ; received the appointment of Justice of the Beace,
but did not qualify ; identified himself with the Free Church at the
time of the disruption, and was an elder from the formation of the Free
Church in Markham until his death. He died in 1880 on the old
homestead, at the age of 90, having spent his long life in useful and
almost unremitting toil.

His son, Alexander A., was born in the town of Peterhead, Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, in 1827, and at the age of seven came to Canada
with the family ; can remember distinctly what Toronto was like in
the summer of 1835, and can give many reminiscences of the troub-
lous times of 1837-8. In the spring of 1838 saw the ruins of Mont-
gomery's Tavern, and on the opposite side of Yonge street the spot
where Colonel Moodie was shot ; also the ruins of Gibson's house and
Dr. Horn's. Many bullet holes were still visible through the doors
and windows of houses along Yonge street. Facilities for a liberal
education were meagre during Alexander's juvenile dayu, having only
had the privilege of three months' schooling after coming to Canada.
This defect he remedied later in life by much reading and contact

744

IIISTOUY OF THE

with business life; in short, being a diligent student all his life.
After his marriage, which occurred January 22, 1857, to Miss Mary
McKae, he resided on a farm near the old homestead, in "i'ork County,
for six years, and on October 10, 1865, moved to his present place, one
of the choicest farms in the county. There he has since made his
home and has identified himself with the interests of the county.
Since 1876 he has filled the office of magistrate, and in addition is
holding many minor offices ; has been a member of the Township
Council, and Elder in the Presbyterian Church. He has always given
assistance to educational enterprises, and also gives liberally to churches
and charitable institutions. He is a Reformer in politics, his views on
all subjects being advanced and very liberal, and is considered by all
to be one of the most intelligent and well-informed men of the county.
He and wife are the parents of the following children : — John, Mary
Jane, Charlotte, Alexanderina, Florence, William A., Margaret A.,
Getjrge B. and James T. Mrs. Brodie's parents, William Mcltae and
Jane Ilennie, were natives of Aberdeenshire. Her father was a car-
penter and cabinet-maker. Two sisters are still residing in Scotland,
being married to prominent farmers. Mrs. Brodie came to Canada in
November, 1854, being then twenty-four years of age. Mr. and Mrs.
Brodie, true to their ancestral ])roclivity, have always been earnest
workers in the Presbyterian Church.

Samuel R. Brown.

Samuel R. Brown was born at Newcastle, England, on the 4th of
December, 1844, his parents being natives of Kilkenny, Ireland. The
fatlior held very responsible positions in the British Army, but, in
1847, retired with an annual life-allowance, and with his family left
with regret his native soil to seek a permanent home in America.
This was done in order to free himself and family from the tyrannical
laws which were oppressing the Irish people. Tiie father had previously
s])eiit some time in Canada during 1837-8, when Papineaii and
McKenzie were contending for " Responsible Government." During
this time he had many opportunities of seeing different parts of Canada,
and being favorably impressed with the district surrounding London,
ten years later selected it as the future home of himself and family.
The education of his son, Samuel R. Brown, was in no way neglected,
as he is a thorough English and Latin scholar, and during his school-
<lays showed a particular aptitude for mathematics and literature. At
the age of fifteen years he had mastered six books of Euclid and the
deductions of Potts' Geometry, and when sixteen years old began the
study of medicine, but shortly after took a dislike to this and decided
to enter the teaching profession. He taught eight years in public
.schools, and in August, 1870, with a first-class A certificate of quali-
fication, was appointed Principal of the Catholic Separate Schools, of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

745

the City of London, in the diocese of his Lordship Right Rev. liishop
Walsh, and held this position until the end of 1888, when he resigned
to give his attention to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. As
an instructor he gave entire satisfaction, and the London Catholic
Schools to-day are a credit to the city.

Mr. Brown is an enthusiastic advocate of Catholic education, but
takes very little part in politics, except when a question of church or
school is at issue. For seveml years he edited the mathematical de-
})artment of Our Home Companion and Canadian Teacher with
remarkable ability, many of the most difficult problems of trigonometry,
algebra and philosophy being solved with a clearness that attracted the
attention of all subscribing teachers. In 1860, Mr. Brown married a
protestant lady, a daughter of Norman B. Fish, Esq., of an old Vermont
family. Mrs. Brown having read a number of fine Catholic works,
with which the family library was well supplied, became a convert to
that faith, and was received into the Catholic Church by Rev. Father
Cooney, of Notre Dame, Indiana, and Rev. Father Tiernan, of the
Cathedral parish of London. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two sous and
two daughters. In August, 1879, Mr. Brown became a charter mem-
ber of Branch No. 4 of the C. M. B. A. He was elected president two
terms, and is now Senior Chancellor of said Branch. This Branch is
at present the second highest in membership in Canada. In February,
1880, the Grand Council of Canada was organized, and Mr. Brown was
chosen Grand Recorder, an office he has held with credit up to the
present time. There were but six Branches when the Grand Council
was organized, but now there are 110. It can be seen from the
reports the very satisfactory manner in which the Grand Recorder
of Canada conducts the C. M. B. A. business. He has proved him-
self an energetic and highly competent officer, has the support
and confidence of his brother officers, and well deserves the appella-
tion of " one of the chief props of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Asso-
ciation." Mr. Brown is the owner of considerable property, and has a
beautiful residence on Queen's avenue.

W. Y. Brunton.

W. Y. Brunton has been connected with the interests of London for
over thirty-seven years, and few, if any, have a more extended acquaint-
ance throughout the country than he. He was born in England in
1824, and there his parents, William and Sarah (Barty) Brunton, were
also born. The father was a gentleman by birth as well as by nature,
and therefore gave his children the best of educational advantages ; W.
Y. attended school until he attained his majority. About 1845 or '40,
he immigi-ated to the United States, and there made his home for a few
years, first locating in Baltimore. Up to this time he had received no
business experience whatever, but he accepted a position on the stage,

746

HISTORY OF THE

and in this connection visited different parts of the country, und in time
came to London, where he, in company with a few others, fitted up a
theatre, wliich he conducted for a number a years, and then turned his
attention to his present business (auction and commission), and con
ducts the oldest house in this line in the city. His long residence in
London and the reputation he has acquired for honesty and fair dealiujf
has secured for hira the confidence and unbounded esteem of a wide
circle of acquaintances and warm personal friends. He has ever been
identified with the interests of the County of Middlesex and the City
of London, and no worthy movements have been stiirted in which he
has not taken a deep interest and assisted by money and influence, this
being particularly the case with regard to the Westein Fair Association
in London, which he has seen conducted and established so success-
fully, that it is without a rival. For three years he served as a mem-
ber of the City Council. He was married to Miss Helen Mathews, a
native of England, and by her has a family of five children : — May,
wife of Charles B. Hunt ; Thomas H., a prominent business man of
Newmarket; William, in business with his brother Thomas ; George,
and Harry, who is associated with his father in business.

Thomas Bryan.

Thomas Bryan, proprietor of the London Brush Factory, was born
in England in 1S40, and there made his home until fifteen years of
age, when he immigrated with his parents — Thomas and Jane (Brown)
Bryan, who were also natives of England — to Canada, and settled in
Port Hope, and from there came to VVestminster Township, Middlesex
County. Here the father, in 1860, established a turning factory, and
until 1872 was engaged in manufacturing agricultural tools. At the
latter date he established his present business, in which he has been
very successful, and his trade has been built up by his own individual
eflbrts. He has had wide experience on the road in introducing his
goods, and his ellorts in this line have met with flattering success. Ho
manufactures all kinds of brushes suitable for the hardware trade, such
as painters* brushes, foundry, tanners', printers', brewers', etc. ; also
supplies the grocery trade with brushes suitable for household pur-
poses, and manufactures mill and machine brushes. He is an extensive
importer of carpet sweepers, feather dusters, artists' brushes, etc. He
enjoys an enviable reputation throughout the Dominion, and fully
deserves the respect and esteem which he commands from the public
at large. His business is represented on the road by several travellers,
and his machinery and facilities for manufacturing his products are un-
surpassed in Canada, as he employs only the most skillful workmen.
In 1876 he was married to Miss Elizabeth L. DutT, who was born in
Oakville, near Toronto. Tliey have a family of four children — Matel
E., Thomas A., Ernest L., and James H. Mr. Bryan is a member of
the Presbyterian Church, and is one of St. Andrew's staunch supporters.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

William F. Bullen.

747

William F. Bnllen, Maimji;er of tho Ontario Loan and Debenture
Company, was born in the Village of Delaware, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, on August 11, 1835. His parents were born in the Old
Country; his father in England, and his mother in Ireland. They
came to this country in the year I.S30, settling in Delaware. His
lather was firet engaged in looking after the large landed interests of his
micle, the late Col. Simeon Bullen, who came to this country several
years previous to this with considerable means, marrying the widow
of the late Col. Mount (the first land surveyor in the townshi])), a sister
of Air. Allxtrt Tillany, the Tiilanys being the first settlers of the town-
ship. Mr. Bullen's father was a leading farmer in the Township of
Delaware for many years, and w.as also Division Court Clerk and
Justice of the Peace. Selling out his real estate in Delaware, he
removed to London, where he died, in 1881, leaving a widow surviv-
ing him and seven children, viz. : — William ¥., the Manager of the
Ontario Loan and Debenture (Company; Mrs. George Harris and
Miss Bullen, both of whom reside in London ; Albert F., who is a
member of the firm of A. F. Bullen & Co., maltsters, Chicago; Mrs.
Graham, widow of the late Col. Graham, who resides in Chicago;
George Bullen, of the Chicago Malting Firm of George liuUen & (Jo. ;
and Fred. Bullen, of the firm of Fred. Bullen & Co., maltsters, Chicago.

The eldest son, William F., was educated at Caradoc Academy, one
of the first boarding schools in Western Ontario, and, after attaining a
suitable age, engaged in mercantile pursuits at Delaware, spending
some time in Stratliroy. He also went to the Village of Napier, where
he held the offices of Postmaster and Township Clerk. He was for
some years Adjutant of the 2(Jth Middlesex Battalion of Volunteers,
with the rank of Major. In 1870 he came to London, and assisted
in organizing the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company, of which he
was appointed Inspector, and, after five months' service, was appointed
its Manager, which position he still retains. In 1856 he was married
to Miss Milne, of Hamilton, their union resulting in the birth of six
children, five of whom are living — the eldest, William F., Manager of
the Albion Iron Works Company, Victoria, B. C. ; Elizabeth N.^
Frank F., G. Charles and Harry F. The mother of these children died
in 1870. Mr. Bullen was afterwards manied to Miss Jennie Gross,
of Brighton. Mr. and Mrs. Bullen are members of the Church of
England.

RICHARD Maurice Bucke, M. D., C. M., F. R. S. C.

Permanent success in any calling is largely due to determined and
persistent etlbrt, a truth illustrated in the career of Dr. Bucke, who,
since his boyhood, has been a hard-working student. That he has been

748

HISTOIIY OF TUB

eminently successful, his twenty-fivo years of constant practice in the
(Jounties of Lainbton and Middlesex, and his position as Medical Super-
intendant of the London Insane Asylum, and his success iis an author,
abundantly testify. He was born at Methwold, County of Norfolk,
England, March 18, 1837, and is a great-great-great-grand-son of Sir
liobert Walpole, first Earl of Oxford, and grand nephew of Charles
Bucke, the author of works entitled, " Beauties of Nature," and " Ruins
of Ancient Cities," books which .ire still being published. He is a
son of the Rev. Horatio Walpole Bucke, a minister of the Church of
England, who moved with his family to Upper Canada in 18;i8, and
settled three miles east of London. He died in 1855. His mother,
before marriage, was a Miss Clarissa Andrews, of Milden Hall, SuHblk,
England. Dr. R. AL Bucke's early Canadian home was not five rods
from the Asylum, wb.ich he now superintends. His education, as a
boy, consisted of some Latin taught him by his father, and a great
deal of miscellaneous reading in his father's library. In 185."> he set
out upon a tour of travel, proceeding to California overland on foot,
and returning by the Isthmus of Panama, in 185<S. He then attended
McGill College, Montreal, for four years, studying medicine and sur-
gery, and was graduated early in 1802 as first-prize student; spent the
years 1862-3 in additional professional study in France and England,
and at the end of that time returned to Canada and made a second trip
of a year's duration to California, this time in the interest of the Gould
& Curry Silver Mining Company. He returned to Canada the follow-
ing year and settled at Sarnia, where he practiced his profession for ten
year.s, and in 1876 was appointed Medical Superintendent of the Insane
Asylum at Hamilton, Ontario. On the demise of Dr. Landor, in
January, 1877, he was promoted to his present position, which he has
since efficiently filled, and for which he seems to possess a peculiar and
unusual fitness. Dr. liucke is the author of a work on " Man's Moral
Nature," published in 1879. In 18S3 he published a second work
— " Walt Whitman " — which has been widely read in America, and
republished in England. He has besides contributed many articles
to medical and scientific journals. He is one of the Original Fellows
of the Royal Society of Canada, and Professor of Mental and Nervous
Diseases in the Western University. In 18(15 he was married to Miss
Jessie Maria Gurd, of Moore, County Lainbton, Onttirio, by whom he
has had eight children, seven of whom are living.

D. Burleigh Burch.

D. Burleigh Burch, magistrate and farmer, is a member of one of
the oldest jjioneer families of the county. His grandfather, Nathan
Burch, was born in the State of New York, in 1752, and manied
Lucy, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (De Cost) Hinckley, of
Plymouth, Mass., his father being a descendant of one of the oldest

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

749

and most distinguished of the Puritan families. To Nathan and Lucy
Burch were born ten children, as follows ; — Archie (who lived to be
103 years of age), Rhoda, Nathan, Anna, Abbie, Lucy, Lottie, Peggy,
Ethan and Calvin. When the American Revolution was declared in
1770, Nathan Burch remained faithful to Great Britain, being what was
known as a Tory, or Loyalist. Afttir the war he remained in the Sttttes
until 17'JH, when, with other United Empire loyalists, he came to
Canada, and was granted a tract of land in the Township of Blenheim
by the Government, in recognition of his maintenance of British politi-
cal principles during the war. All his family cjime with him except
Rhoda, who had married a Mr. Spalding in New York, and Calvin, who
was then an infant. In about 1816 he came to Westminster Town-
ship and located on Lot 7'), on the North Talbot Road. Here he
farmed the remainder of his days. He amassed considerable property,
and owned .at one time over 600 acres of land. He died October l.'i,
1829, ag„d 77 years.

Calvin Burch, the fourtii son and youngest child of Nathan, was
born in Delaware County, New York, in 1798, and the same year his
parents went on horseback to Canada, leaving him with his sister, Mrs.
Spalding, in New York ; but when they returned for him in 1802, the
attivchmonts he had formed there were so strong that it was only with
difficulty that he was induced to come to Canada. He always after-
ward said that his coming to Canada was bought for a Johnnie cake.
In 1818, when he was twenty years of age, he began teaching school
in Westminster Townshiji, continuing two years, and later bought
land of the Government on Lot 75, west of the North Talbot Road.

He married Elizabeth, daughter of Jeremiah and (Fralick)

Schram, and by her had a family of thirteen children, of whom all
except ten died young. The ten were Lucy, Martha, Mary, Ann, D.
Burleigh, Charles, Margaret (who died young), Joshua (who died aged
fourteen years), Calvin, Lydia (who died aged seventeen years), Helen
(who died aged sixteen years), Sarah L. (who died young) and two
that died in infancy unnamed. He was a soldier in the War of
1812, and was a participant in the battle of Lundy's Lane, as were,
also, his brothers Archie, Nathan and Ethan. He was one of the
pioneers of his township, and cleared his farm of its heavy timber. He
was an early magistrate, tried many cases, and was a well-known and
prominent man. He took an active part in the Patriot Rebellion, and
w.as obliged to leave the county for a time. He was one of the first
assessors and collectors of his towushij), and held this office for many
years. He was a man of excellent judgment, and wrote many of the
old deeds. He commanded the resjiect of all who knew him, and it
may be said that his word was as good as his bond. He was a mem-
ber of the old District Council, and afterwards was a member of the
County Council. He died in the year 1803, at the age of 05 years.

D. Burleigh Burch, son of Calvin and grandson of Nathan, was
born in 1828 on the old homestead, on Lot 75 on the North Talbot

750

HISTORY OF THK

road. This is the same lot drawn by his mother as a U. E. Loyalist,
and upon this lot he has lived almost continuously for over sixty years.
He received a common school education, and passed his early life on
the farm. In 1851 he emigrated to California, and was engaged there
in driving the old-fashioned stage coaches for seven years from Sacra-
mento on all the roads leading to the mines ; but in 185<S he was sent
to British Columbia by the California Stage Company to establish stage
and mail routes through the mining districts there. He returned to
California the same year after having established several of the most
important mail routes in British Columbia. In December, 1859, he
returned to Middlesex County and resumed farming. He bought the
old homestead uixjn which he has since resided. He was a member
of the County Council, and was deputy-reeve for two years. He
has served as a magistrate for many years. He is a Mason of high
standing, and has held the offices of district deputy grand master of
London District for six years, and was Provincial grand commander
of Ontario West. He has taken thirty-two degrees in Masonry, and
has a local reputation of which he may well be proud. He is a mem-
ber of the English Church, and in politics is a lleformer. He owns a
fine farm of 200 acres, besides valuable real estate in London. As
stated above, his grandmother was a Hinckley, one of the oldest of
the New England families, an outline history of which is contained in
the following letter : —

Boston, January 3, 1881.
Mr. D. B. Burch, Lambeth, U.C.:—

Dear Sir, — I am in receipt of your favor of the 27th ult., and am
greatly obliged to you for your kind attention. We sometimes view
with suspicion a profession of thanks when long delayed. I will attest
the sincerity of mine by a prompt acknowledgment and answer. First,
I will answer your inquiry in an inverted oixier. I know " Ben Dean,"
as he is familiarly called, not intimately, but sufficiently so to speak to
him when we casually meet. He has his residence in ray part of the
city — South Boston ; is a lawyer by profession ; was elected Represen-
tative in Congress from this district four years ago ; was a candidate
two years ago "or re-election, but failed in receiving the requisite
plurality. I think his prospects politically were injured by certain
indiscretions of himself or friends during that canvass. He is on the
wrong side of the fence, politically — that is to say, in my judgment —
being a Democrat. Second, as to myself: I was born in Barnstable,
on Cape Cod, April 2G, 1824, and am, consequently, hard on fifty-seven
years of age. I am a widower, having had six children, four living.
My parents are now living in Barnstable. My father, Mr. Josiah
Hinckley, is in his eighty-seventh year; my mother, Mrs. Mary
Hinckley, born at Easterbrooks, is eighty-four years old this present
month. My ancestors, since the immigration, have all lived and died
within thiee-quarters of a mile of the spot where the immigrant,
Samuel Hinckley, built his first house in 1639. So, you will perceive.

COUNTY OF MIUDLESFA'.

751

we have not been a niigratoiy race. Some five years ago I resigned
my position as teller in a bank of this city, after a service of nearly
twenty years. Since that time I have not been engaged in any busi-
ness particularly. More than anything else, I have devoted my time
and study to the investigation of Hinckley family matters — a very
satisfactory pursuit, but not promising as a pecuniary transaction ;
indeed, I shall feel myself abundantly rewarded for whatever effort I
shall put forth, or money disbursements I may incur, should I meet
with good success in my investigations. I should have said that,
previous to entering a bank, I worked some years at the merchant's
trade. An unfortunate accident (tlie loss of sight of one of my eyes)
compelled me to turn my attention to some other business. In the
hope that it may possess some interest to you, I will now outline your
Hinckley ancestry.

Samuel Hinckley, the immigrant, with his wife Sarah and four
children, came to New England in the spring of 16;55 from Tenterden,
(Jounty of Kent, England. He settled ilrst at Situate, near Boston,
but in 1639 removed to Barnstable with all his family and elfiects,
being one of the first settlers of that town. He died in Barnstable,
October .'U, 16()2, age not known. He had eleven children. His sou
Thomas, was born in England in 1618, and died in Barnstable, April
25, 1706, aged 88 years. He was for more than half a century in
public life, and for eleven years Governor of the old Plymouth Colony.
His tombstone is in the cemetery a short distance from my father's
house in Barnstable. By his two wives, Mary Eichards and Mary
(Smith) Glover, he had seventeen children. His son Thomas, born in
]3arnstable February 14, 1652-3, married November 13, 1676, Sarah,
daughter of John Pope, of Sandwich, (a town adjoining Barnstable).
He died in Barnstable, March 19, 1697. He had eleven children.
His son Thomas was born in Barnstable, March 19, 1680-1, and mar-
ried in Harwich, Cape Cod, Mercy . He died early. Administra-
tion on his estate was grant J to his widow, October 11, 1710. He
had two children — Joshua and 'i'liomas. His son Joshua was born in
Harwich, March 29, 1707, and married March 31, 1726, Lydia Snow.
He was dismissed from the church in Harwich to the church in Oblong
in 1753. Oblong was a tract of land about three miles wide and
extended nearly the entire width of the Colony of Connecticut, from
north to south, ceded to New York for an equivalent on Long Island
Sound ; this tract is embraced within the prest nt Counties of Dutchess
and Putnam in New York. His family consisted of: — Thomas, born
March 7, 1727 ; Joshua, August 15, 1728 ; Josiah, May 5, 1730 ;
Elkanah, July 1, 1732; Nathan, January 1, 1734:; Lydia, April 1,
1736 ; Ruth, February 2, 1738 ; Isaac, February 5, 1740 ; Benjamin,

June 8, 1744 ; and Reuben . It is this family I wish to obtain

a history of. Mrs. Dorcas Ruggles, of HoUey, New York, a descendant,
writes me that Thomas, first-born of the above family, married Eliza-
beth De Cost, of Plymouth, and was a seaman out of Plymouth. After

(52

HISTOUY OK TlIK

the death of his father-in-law, he removed to Dutchess (Jouiity, Town
of Patterson, and settled on a farm, and had seven children : — Thoma8>
Benjamin, Joshua, Josiah (born June li9, 176()\ Lucy (your grand-
mother), Elizabeth, and Lydia. Of Josiah's family I have the ])romise
of a full record. The terms of your letter encourage me to ex])ect a
like account of the family and descendants of Lucy (Hinckley) liurch,
and more than this, I am encouraged to hope for information as to the
families of other brothers and sisters of your grandmother. In what
town in Ohio did Joshua Hinckley settle ? Was the Benjamin Hinck-
ley, whom you visited some three years ago, Joshua's son ? What is
his address ? If you know of any way of obtaining trace of the other
children of Joshua Hinckley, besides Thomas, who married DeCost,
you will oblige me by communicating upon that auVyect. I think that
Ruth Hinckley, daughter of Joshua, born February 2, \TM, married
Joseph Barrish, March 23, 1758, and Lydia Hinckley, born April 1,

1736, mairied the same date Barzillia Kin (balance of name lost).

Hoping to have the pleasure of hearing from you in the early future,
I remain, very truly yours, JosiAii Hincklky, .ik.,

Ill) F street, South Boston, Mass.

Caftain James Burgess.

Captain James Bm-gess, retired farmer, was born in the city of
Carlisle, County of Cumberland, England, August 14, 1821, and is a
son of Thomas and Margaret (Foster) Burgess, who were born in Eng-
land, and are of celebrated ancestry, Thomas Burgess was a tailor by
trade, a member of the English dragoons, and in 1832 came with his
family to Canada, taking passage at Worthington, and landed at Que-
bec after a five weeks' ocean voyage. He soon after went to Toronto,
where he worked at his trade for a number of years ; then purchased
a farm near the town, on which he settled and resided until his death
in 1859. His wife died one year earlier, both being over eighty years
of age. James Burgess was about seven years of age when his parents
came to Canada, and, although very young, received the principal pait
of his education in England, supplemented by a short attendance in
the schools of Toronto. When the Rebellion of 18o7 broke out he was
residing on the farm with his i^arents, but immediately enlisted and
marched to the front, serving throughout the entire war — two years.
In 1851 he came to London and engaged in the foundry business in
partnership with John Elliott, but in 1853 went to Australia, and, dur-
ing a four years' residence in that country, was engaged in mining and
teaming. In 1857 he returned home, but in 1859 sold his interest in
the foundry business and purchased a farm in London Township,
where he made his home for twenty-three years. In 1887 he moved to
London, where he is enjoying the fruits of a long and well-spent career
during his declining years. In 1860 he was elected Captain of the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

753

1st London Troop Ciivalry Volunteers, serving in that capacity for
several years, and was commander of the escort of the Prince of Wales.
In all his dealin<^s with men, ]Mr. Bur<;;ess has been prompt, fair and
just, and owing to his upright and holiorable conduct, has made many
warm personal friends. As a Christian and member of the Methodist
Church, he has ever been ready to aid the poor and oppressed, and is
very tolerant of those who ditl'er from him. He is a member in good
standing of the Masonic Order, and in 1849 was married in Toronto
to Miss Mary A. Townley, by whom he has two children — James T.

and Margaret A.

Patrick J. Burke.

Patrick J. Burke, Secretary of the London Water-works, was born
in Montreal, March 27, lHt)4, and is a son of John O. Hurke, who was
born in Ireland, and came to Canada in 1 8 "(2, and worked as railroad
conductor on the Grand Trunk Railway. His wife was a Miss Bridget
Lareagan, also a native of Ireland, and by her he became the father of
four children. Patrick J. Burke was the eldest of the family, and
until he was twelve years of age he resided in Montreal. At that
period he came to London and worked at different occupations until
187iS, when he became an en)ploye in the office of the Water-works,
being office boy. Owing to his faithful and efficient service, he was
gradually promoted until, in 1885, he was appointed secretary, and, not-
withstanding his youth, he has discharged the duties of the position in
a manner that reflects credit on his ability. ^

George Buttery.

George Buttery, another pioneer of Adelaide Township, and the son
of John and Ann (Wilkinson) Buttery, was born in Nottinghamshire,
England, June 24, 1820. The parents were also natives of England, and
were born 1794 and about 1798, and died in Adelaide Township in
1858 and 1880, respectively. Of their eight children (six now living),
George Buttery is the eldest. In 1822 he emigrated with his parents
to Canada and settled in Lower Canada, sixty miles east of Montreal.
Here the family remained for some time, and then moved forty miles
above that city ; but in the fall of 1881 came to Ancaster, where they
remained until April, 1832. They then came to Adelaide Township,
where George Buttery has since resided. This Township was then
known as the New Survey. They were the first family to settle in
what is now known as Adelaide Townshij), and the mother of the
subject of this sketch was the first white woman to settle in that
Township. The first cabin was built on Lot 25, second Concession
south of the Egremont road. In 18;3() the Buttery family moved to
where George Buttery now resides, and his father, John Buttery, was

754

HISTOKY OF THE

president of the first agricultural society in this part of the county, and
was one of the first commissioners elected from Adelaide Township.
George Buttery is a farmer by occu])ation, and one of the successful
yeomen of Middlesex County. He is the owner of 214 acres of good
land, and has been a resident of this Township for fifty-six years. He
has been quite a hunter in his day, having killed as many as 400 deer
with one gun. He was married in 1840 to Miss Charlotte Ra[)ley, who
was born in County Sussex, England, in 1820. They have five
children — John W., William George, Joseph T., Ezella Ann and
Charlotte M. Mr. Buttery is a prominent Liberal in his political
opinions, and for many years was one of the leading spirits of the
Agricultural Association of West Middlesex. In 1853 he assessed the
Township, two years later was elected to the Township Council, and in
1856 he was elected Keeve, serving altogether nine years in the Town-
ship Council. He is one of the representative men and farmers of
this portion of the county, and has the respect of all who know him.

Matthew Caldwell.

Matthew Caldwell is of Scotch-English descent, and a son of John
Caldwell, who was born in Nova Scotia and came to Ontario, settling
on the Second Concession, in Middlesex County, in March, 1818,
bringing his family, which consisted of a wife and seven children, with
him. Tiie names of the latter are as follows : — John, Meron, Eliza-
beth, Ezekiel Bobert, Hannah, Sarah A., and Inst was born Matthew.
The country was in a very wild state at the time of their settlement,
not a tree having been cut where the city of London now stands. Mr.
Caldwell entered 200 acres of land, which he managed to clear by dint
of hard labor, and became noted throughout his neighborhood as a
hard working man, and one whose word was as good as his bond. He
was a member of the Methodist Church, being also a local preacher in
the same, and lived to be 77 years of ago. Matthew Caldwell, his
son, was born at Long Point, Canada, in 1814, but was reared on his
father's farm in Middlesex County, where he became skilled in the
art of woodcraft, but received very meagre educational advantages,
what education he obtained being secured in the primitive log school-
house of pioneer times. After reaching manhood he was married to
Margaret J., a daughter of Gabriel and Polly (Green) Manning, by
whom he became the father of two children, .John Henry and Sarah
J. Mrs. Caldwell died six years after her marriage, and the widower
then wedded Miss Maria, a daughter of Joseph and Hannah Manning,
to which union was born the following family : — Margaret A., William,
George, Hanr 'i, Joseph and Charles. Mr. Caldwell has resided on
the i'arm on 'hich his father settled all his life. He and family
attend the Methodist Church, and he has idways been an upright and
honorable citizen and a true friend and neighbor.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

76S

John Callard.

A truth that must be everywhere regarded is, that keen perception,
sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persevering and
continuous efforts, will surely result in success in whatever occupation
one may be engaged, and then possession is sure to accomjilish the
aims hoped for. The career of John Callard bears out the truth of thia
statement. Mr. Callard is a native of Devonshire, England, where he
was born in 1841. His father, Thomas Callard, and his mother, whose
maiden name was Jane I'etherbridge, were both natives of the same
place as their son, and the father was a contractor and builder by
occupation. John Callard was the eldest of seven children born to his
parents, and was educated in the sea-side village of Dawlish At the
age of fourteen he became connected with the mercantile and shipping
firm of Newman, Hunt & Co., of Old London, and assigned to duty at
Gaultvis and Burgeo, Newfoundland, remaining at these ports for eight
years, when he was favored with a vacation for six months, and
returned home to visit his parents. At the end of his leave of absence
he returned to Newfoundland in the interests of the same firm, and for
five years was at Harbor Britton, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland, as their
chief accountant. In 1 867 he came to Ontario, and in 1869 he engaged
in the drug business in Spjirta, County of Elgin, where he remained
until 1881, when he came to London. Previous to this, in 1867 he
married Miss White, daughter of the Rev. W. K. White, Rural Dean,
of Fortune Bay, Newfoundland, Mr. and Mrs. Callard are the parents
of eight children — Augusta J., Frederick, Annie, Fannie, John, Charles,
Reginald and Harold, After coming to London, Mr. Callard, in con-
nection with Mr. Kennedy, established the wholesale drug business of
Kennedy & Callard, continuing at this one year. He then sold his
interest and purchased his present place of business, and it is known
as one of the oldest established drug stands of the city. As a citizen,
no less than a business man, Mr. Callard has gained distinction, and
enjoys the confidence of all his acquaintances. He is strictly attentive
to business, even to its most trivial details ; urbane and pleasant in all
his relations with the public, and scrupulously exact in the fulfillment
of all representations and promises to customers. He has built a s.\tis-
factoiy and profitable trade. In Jaimary, 1888, he was selected as a
suitable person to represent his ward in the City Council, and in this
capacity he has made a fixithful public servant, and also re-elected in
January, 1889. Mr. Callard is a Past IMaster in the Masonic Order,
Past G. 0. of the INIasonic G. L. of Canada; is a member of the
Scottish Rite, I. 0. Foresters, Sons of England, and the A. O. U. W.

LuD. K. Cameron.

Lud. K. Cameron, manager of the Advertiser Printing and Pub-
lishing Company, of London, Ontario, is a son of the late Mr. William

756

HISTORY OF THE

Cameron, and a brother of John Catneron, general manager of the
Toronto Globe. He was City Editor of the Advertiser at the time hia
late brother William was manager, but left for Winnipeg in the spring
of 1882, where he established Tlie Nor'-WeM Farmer, an agriciilttiral
journal, wliich is still flourishing. On the death of liis brother William,
he sold out his business in Matutoba and returned to Ontario to assume
charge of the Advertiser. Shortly after his return he was elected
president as well as manager. On the 22nd of May, 1879, he was
united in marriage to Miss Lillie Groves Harwood, by whom he is the
father of five interesting children. He has a pleasant and commodious
residence at 443 Colborne street, London, and his connection with the
Advertiser Printing and Publishing Company has been very instru-
mental in advancing the interests of the company.

A. D. Cameron (Deceased).

A. D. Cameron (deceased) was a native of Tslay, Scotland, where
his early days were spent in the shipping and forwarding business.
After leaving his native land, he immigrated to Canada and settled in
Toronto, wliere he remained five or six years, and then changed his
place of residence to Dundas, where he made his home for about thir-
teen years, and was the first man to engage in the coal business in
that place. After residing for about a year in Toronto, he came to
London, and in 1878 engaged in the coal and wood business, dealing
also in lime, cements, fire-brick, .sewer-pipe and plasters, which busi-
ness materially increased the reputation London has acquired as a
business centre. His facility for handling coal was unsurpassed, and
he was in direct comnmnication with some of the leading American
mines, and always kept his yard well stocked with the finest qualities
of coal and wood, commanding a large trade in the suiTounding
country, as well as in the city of London. About four years ago he
met with a serious accident, being knocked down by a Grand Trunk
Railroad shunting engine at one of the city crossings, causing the losa
of an arm and sustaining severe internal injuries. This accident con-
fined him to the house for a number of months, and so impaired his
health, that the management of the business has devolved on his son,
George D.. ni he never regained his former health, and in 1888
cancer of the stomach supervened, and after severe sulfering, his
defith occurred on February 11, 1889. He was a consistent member
of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, having been on the Board of
Managment for about three yeare, and his death was deeply lamented
by his numerous friends. A wife, one son and two daughters survive
him. His son, George D., had been associated with him in business
for ten years, the firm name being A. D. Cameron & Son, and the
work ia still conducted under that name. George D. was born in Dun-
das, Ontario, in 1864, and was reared to a thorough knowledge of his

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

757

present business. He spent some time in Buffalo — the coal distribut-
ing point for the West — making himself still more familiar with the
details of this work, and the successful manner in which he has con-
ducted affairs is highly complimentary to his business ability.

Dr. Cl T. Campbell

Dr. Cl. T. Campbell is a native of the county in which he now re-
sides, and was born December 27, 1843, His father, Thomas Campbell,
was of Scotch ancestry, but came from Ireland to Canada about 1835,
and was maiTied to Sarah Huggins, a member of a West India family
that came to Elgin County after the emancipation, and to London
during the Kebellion. The father was a carpenter and builder, and he
and wife became the parents of eight children, of whom the doctor is
the eldest. In early life he learned the trade of journalism, but after-
wards gave this up to study medicine ; his first eHbrts in this direction
being under the jjreceptorship of Dr. Lancaster. He continued to pur-
sue his studies in the Cleveland Western Medical College, the Homoe-
pathic College at Philadelphia, Penu., and the Blockley Hospital at
Philadelphia, and then returned to London, Ont., and has been actively
engaged in the ])ractice of his profession up to the present time, with
the exception of about four years when he was at Stratford. He is a
member of the Consulting Staff of the City General Hospital, and of the
Board of Health of the city, and is the medical attendant of several
local charitable institutions, and has also served as a member of the
Board of Education, and as chairman of the same. He is Provincial
Medical Examiner for the Iloyal Arcanum, and is a member of the
Medical Council of Ontario. He has filled all the chairs in the
I. 0. O. F., and has for many years represented Ontario in the Supreme
Legislature of that society.

A. A. Campbell.

A. A. Campbell, real estate dealer, was born in the Township of
Caradoc, County of Middhisex, April 27, 1862, being the only son of
Archibald Campbell, who was also born in Middlesex County, and was
a prominent agriculturist of Caradoc Township. He served as County
Warden for three consecutive years, and died on the 22nd of July,
1863. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Love, was born in
the County of Elgin, and died on the 26th of November, 1876, having
borne a family of four children, Margaret Helena (wife of Peter Car-
niichael, of Lobo), Mary Ann (dece.ised), Euphemia (deceased), and
Archibald Alexander, whose name heads this sketch. The latter was
reared in Middlesex County, and received his education at the Strathroy
( 'ollegiate Institute. He then entered the banking business, and for

758

HISTORY OF THE

several years was accountant in Campbell's Banking Office, Watford,
Ont. Leavint; Watford he took uj) the study of short-hand under tlie
tutorship of Prof. W. G. Cliall'ee, proprietor of Cliafl'co's Phonographic
Institute, of Oswego, N. Y., and graduated as a phonographic reporter
from that institute in J;uiuary, 1884, and at which time he accepted
the position as stenograi)lier to Messrs. Williams, Dimond & Co.,
General Agents of the Pacific Mail Steainshij) Company, at San
Francisco, Cal. llosigning this position, he then acted at ])rivate
secretary to the Hon. W. A. Clark, the millionaire banker and mine
owner of Butte City, Montana, where he remained until engaging in
the real estate business in the City of London. He does an extensive
business in both city and country real estate, and publishes The
Dominion Land Advertiser, a journal devoted to the interests of
sellers and buyers of farming lands, in connection with his real estate
business. His thorough knowledge of lands in Western Ontario,
coupled with the large amount of experience obtained by travelling in
Canada and the United States, entitles him to be justly regarded as an
expert on the values of farming lands. He also represents sevenil
wealthy monetary institutions, and does a large business in making
loans upon all classes of real property and looking after the invest-
ments of non-residents.

George Campbell

George Campbell was born in Ottawa, Canada, April 18, 184tj,
being one of seven surviving members of a family of eight children
born to James and Margaret (Irvin) Campbell, who were born in
Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland, respectively. They came to Canada
in 1844, locating in Ottawa, where the father was engaged in contract-
ing and building for fourteen years, his services being employed on
some of the finest buildings in that city. He next moved to County
Oxford, where he continued working at liis trade. His children are as
follows : — George (who is the eldest of the family), Elizabeth, Alex-
ander, Ira, James, Margaret, Albert E., and John. All the sons learned
their father's trade. George Campbell resided in Ottawa until nearly
twelve years of age, and then moved with his father to County Oxford,
near Woodstock, and, after attaining a suitable age, served a thorough
apprenticeship of seven years at the carpenter's trade. He went to
Clinton, Iowa, but two years later moved from there to Chicago, remain-
ing in the latter city from 1871 to 1875, then returned to County Oxford,
Canada, and after a short residence there came to London, where he has
lived for thirteen years. He is a thorough master of his calling, and has
made contracting and stair building a specialty, being considered the
best stair builder in London. He does a large work in this line for
other contractors, and keeps thoroughly posted with his calling. He
is well informed on all subjects connected with his business, and is an

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

759

extensive reader of good newspapers. He was mumed in Clinton,
Iowa, in 1869, to Miss Hannah Parent, of the Lower Province of
Canada, and their union has res\ilted in the birth of five children —
Laura L., aged seventeen years ; Itobert L, aged fourteen years ; James
A., aged eleven years ; Lulu F., aged eight years, and George, aged
five years. Mr. Campbell is a member of the A. 0. U. W.

Angus Campbell

Angus Campbell, a pioneer of Ekfrid Township, was born on Lot
7, Longwood Koad, November 2o, 1828 : son of John and Jane
(Elliott; Campbell, and grandson of Angus Campbell, who was a
native Scotchman, born 17oo, and who died in Ekfrid Township in
1843. The father was also a native of Scotland, born 1797, and died
in Ekfrid Township in 1S(J5, where the mother also died in 181)4.
She was a native of Ireland, born 1800. The Campbell family immi-
grated to Canada in 1819, and were thirteen weeks and a few days
making the voyage. They settled in Lower Canada, where the family
remained for a year, and in June, 1820, they came to County Middle-
sex, and were the second family to make a settlement in Ekfrid Town-
ship. The subject of this biographical sketch was the second eldest
of eight children born to his parents, all of whom are now living. One
of the first schools he attended was in a log school-house built on his
fathei''s fanu in 1834, and a man by the name of Squire Livingston
was the first teacher. Mr. (Jampbell removed from Longwoods Iload to
where he now resides, in 1882. He is the owner of 300 acres of land,
and is an enterprising farmer. He was married February 22, 1855, to
Miss Ehzabeth Ferguson, daughter of the late John Ferguson of Town-
ship of London. Mrs. Campbell was born July 9, 1832, and by her
marriage became the mother of seven children : — Arabella Jane, John
F., Thomas F,, M. D., a graduate of Trinity CoHege, Toronto ; George
B., Angus P., Samuel E., and Joseph H. In politics Mr. Campbell is
an ardent Conservative, and held the office of deputy-reeve for two
years, township collector for ten years, and assessor for two years. In
1859 he was appointed Justice of the Peace, and has held the position
continuously ever since. For the last eighteen years he has been
director of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company. His fatiier
owned the first horse and waggon in the township. Mr. Campbell is
one of the leading men of the township, and has been a resident of
the county for sixty years. He and wife are members of the Presby-
terian Church.

Philip F. Canniff.

p. F. Cannifi", farm manager of the London Asylum farm, was born
in Hastings County, Canada, on the 7th of April, 1821, and is a son of

7(50

IllSTOnV OF TIIR

Jonas and Lettie (Flagler) ( 'anniff, who were of Dutcli descent, they
bein>( resiileiits of, and their ancestors for many generations back
being reside. it.-, of, Dutcliess (,'onnty. New York. Tlie Flagler family
came from Honand to America at a very early period, and were among
the early settlers of New York. Doth the grandfathers came to
< 'anada about 1788, and selected a location in Adolphus Township
(now Lennox CouTity), and four years later brought their fan)ilies.
(Irandfather (.'annilT was a fanner, iind grandfather Flagler a black-
smith, donas Cannilf was oidy six years old when brought to Canada,
and the most of his days were si)ent in tilling the soil, lie died at the
home of his son, J)r. Cannilf, of Toronto, in 1881, his wife dying in
September, 18(11. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving about
one year, and in his political views was a Liberal-Conservative, but
was not ])articularly interested in either pai'ty. Four of his nine
children are living, James (in Manitoba), I'hilij) F., Amanda (wife of
the late H. 1. Thorpe, SheritV of Prince Edward County, but now a
resident of Toronto), and Dr. William, of Toronto. I'hilip F. Canniff
was reared in the County of Hastings, receiving a good English educa-
tion in Belleville. He began doing for himself at the age of twenty-
three years, and for several years was engaged in the lumber, mill and
grain business at Belleville. In 1870 he was ay)pointed farm manager
<if the Deaf and Dumb Institute farm, which position he retained until
187ii, when he was transferred to London, where he has since been
managing the large farm of 300 acres at the Asylum. He is well
adapted to fill this trying position, for he is cool, courageous and iirm,
and his labors have met with universal satisfaction. In 1851 he was
married to Lydia ^I. Solmes, a native of Prince Edward (."ounty,
Canada, by whom he is the father of three sons — Byron M., a druggist
at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba ; David S., a resident of Belleville, and
Gemley H., who is travelling for a wholesale hardware house of Chi-
cago. Mr. and Mrs. Cannilf are metnbers of the Methodist Church,
and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. During the rebellion
of 1837 and 1838 he was in Captain Dougall's company, and was on
duty at Belleville. In 1864 and 18G5 he was also on duty for four
months at Andierstburg, The three families, Canniff, Flagler and
JSulmes, were United Empire Loyalists.

Hon. John Carling, M. P.

Hon. John Carling, M. P., and Minister of Agriculture of the
Dominion of Canada, is the youngest son of the late Thomas Ciirling,
a native of York-shire, England, who came to Canada in l.SLS, and
settled in the County of Middlesex the following year. John was
born in the Township of London, January 23, 1828, and was educated
in the public schools. While quite young he became a member of the
brewing firm of Carling & Co., of London, of which he was an active

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COUNTY OF Mli'DLESEX.

763

member for a number of years ; but, on the 13th February, 1879,
their mammotli brewery was desti-oyed by fire, the loss sustained being
about .^100,000. The walls still remained intact, and with that
jjromptness and energy which are among l-'s chief characteristics, Mr.
L'iirling immediately commenced rebuilding, and just two and one-third
months from the time of the fire, the largest brewery in Canada was
again in full operation. He has taken an active part in nearly all
]iublic matters, and was for several years a director of the Great
Western Railway Company, and of the London, Huron & Bruce, and
the London & Port Stanley Railways. In 187iS he was elected Water
Commissioner for the City of London, and was subsequently appointed
Chairman of the Board. In l.SoT ho was selected for parliamentary
honors by the Conservatives of London, and was returned by a majority
of nearly 600 over the Liberal candidate, the Hon. Elijah Leonard, and
continued to hold the position down to the time of Confederation. Mr.
Carling is not a demonstrative member, but the same clear-headedness
and calm judgment that had served him so well in his important and
successful business career, hfvs stood him in good stead as a parliamen-
tary representative.

In 1802 he made his first appearance as a Cabinet Minister, having
been appointed l^eceiver-General, and at the general election, after the
consummation of Confederation, he was again elected to the House of
Commons. He was likewise returned as a member of the Legislative
Assembly of Ontario, and in this Assembly was appointed Minister of
Agriculture and Public Works under the Sandfield-Macdonald Admin-
istration, retaining this portfolio until 1871, when fortune went against
the Administration, and it was forced to resign. In 1878 the Conservative
party, or party of progress, as it is now generally termed, returned to
power in the Federal Government at Ottawa, and Mr. Carling was
again returned to Parliament and took his seat in the House of Com-
mons, but did not take a portfolio in the new Cabinet. In 1882 he
was made Postmaster-General, in which position he proved himself a
careful, capable and popular Minister, but in Sept., 1885, he resigned
this portfolio and accepted that of Agriculture, which office he now
holds.

He had always taken a deep interest in the progress and develop-
ment of agriculture in Canada, and in 1869, while Commissioner of
Agriculture and Public Works for Ontario, drew the attention of the
Ontario Assembly to the growing importance and necessity of agricul-
tural institutions. Owing to Mr. Carling's unremitting zeal on this
subject, the following year a bill was introduced and passed through
Parliament, providing for the instruction on science, in its relation to
agriculture, in the Provincial Normal School. And since his election
to his present office he has been the means of establishing Experi-
mental Farms in five different places : — A Central Farm near the
Capital, one in the Maritime Provinces, one in Manitoba, one in the
North-west Temtories and one in British Columbia.

Although Mr

7«i4

HISTORY OF THE

Carling seldom makes a speech, when he docs, it is always judicious
and to the point, and his position, which is thorou<;hly in accordance
with his tastes, is receivin-,' his devoted attention. He is man-ied to
Miss Hannah, eldest danyhter of tlie late Hem-y JJalton, oi" London,
Ontario.

Robert A. Carrothers.

This gentlemen is a descendant of one of the jiioneer families of
County Middlesex, Ont. His ])arents, Robert and Margaret (Hritt)
Carrothers, were natives of Ireland. The father immigi'ated to the
United States at an early date, remained there for five years, then
moved to Middlesex County, Ont, about the time of the Canadian
Kebellion, and there followed agricultural pursuits. The mother came
with her parents to New York State, where tliey lived for some time.
One of her brothers, a prominent man and a State Senator, still resides
there. Mr. Carrothers died September 18, 1878, and the mother died
September 18, 1885. They were the parents of eleven children, six
sons and four daughters — John, George. Mary J. (who married James
Cox, and died in California), I^atitia (wife of John Stewart), Margaret
(wife of Elijah Carrothers), Kebecca (wife of Peter McVean), Robert A.,
Noble, James H., and Arthur A.

Robert A. Carrothers was born January 11, 1849, on Lot No. 8,
5th Concession of Westminster, and his early life was spent on tlie
farm. He served an apprenticeship to the tanner's and currier's trade
for over four years, and then followed this cidling until February 11,
1876, when he engaged in the hotel business, at which he has been
very successful. Mr. Carrothers was married June 27, 1872, to Miss
Elizabeth Quick, a native of Exeter, England, and the result of this
union was the birth of five children — William, Annie, James, Walter
and Alice Maud. Mr. Carrothers is a member of the Ma.sonic Fra-
ternity, the K. P., and is also a member of the I, O. O. F.

William Caw, M. d.

William Caw, M. D., at Parkhill, was born in Perth Center, N. Y.,
April 21, 1843, and is a son of the Rev. David Caw, native of Perth-
shire, Scotland, who emigrated to America in 1834. The father was a
minister in the Dumfries Street Presbyterian Church, Paris, and was
killed in 1864 by being thrown from a carriage. Our subject graduated
from the Paris High School, and at the age of 17 entered the Victoria
College of Medicine at Toronto, at which institution he graduated in
April, 1864. The same year- he located at Parkhill, where he has
become a prominent citizen, and enjoys a lucrative practice.

Soa

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

John H. Chapman.

766

Anunij^ those who dcijorvedly rank aiiioii*,' the jnoj^rcssive and
nsin<; business men of London is the above-mentioned gcnitlenmn, who
is at tlie head of one of tlie ])i'oininent (h-y goods houses of the city.
Mr. Cliivjtniuu is a native Canadian, the son of Hev. W. Chapman, a
Methodist minister well known throughout ^^'estern Ontario. John
H. Cliajnniiu was the third child of his father's family. lie was
lirincipally reared in London, and his early life was passed in obtaining
an education. In 1S71 he entered the mercantile establishment of
James Eaton it Co., where he remained until 1879, at which date ho
purchased the stock, and has since conducted the business on his own
account. The house conducts a general dry goods trade, which com-
bines, in addition, millinery and mantles, dressmaking and tailoring
departments. The stock carried is large and well-assorted, and includes
the best of fabrics from the most reputable manufactories, in the tailor-
ing department as in all other parts of the house. The firm has been
extensively patronized, not only from this section, but from patrons at
a distance.

John Kingsley Clabe.

John Kingsley Clare, City Collector, was born in County Norfolk,
England, June 6, 1832. llis father, Isaac Clare, was born in Eng-
land, and was a farrier by occupation. His mother, ]Mahala K. (Par-
rott) Clare, was the daughter of Dr. Parrott, of Swatlhara, Norfolk,
England. J. K. Clare was the elder of two children born to his
parents. He came to Quebec in 1830, but six years later returned to
England, where he remained for about two years. He then returned
to Canada and settled in Toronto. He was reared, principally, with a
mercantile experience, and engaged in this business with a partner
in Hamilton, Ont., under the finn title of J. K. Clare & Co., K.
Walker, of Toronto, being the Co. Mr. Clare came to London in 1858
and engaged in mercantile pursuits in that city for two years. He
then engaged with J. and S. Blackburn in the Free Press oflice, where
he remained until 1871 ; then became a partner, and still owns one-
quarter interest in the stock of this Company. In 1883 he was ap-
pointed Collector for the northern division of the city. He was mamed
in 1852 to Miss Mary J. Crofts, a native of Canada. They lost a
little daughter three years of age the 12th of March, 1857, at the Dejar-
dines Canal liailroad accident. Mr. Clare is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, Past Master of St. John's Lodge, No. 20, G. R. C, and was
Secretary and Treasurer of the Free Press Printing Co. from the
organization until six years ago ; he is also a Director in the London
Soap Co. ]Mr. Clare is a good business man, and is well respected.

vc.o

III8T0UY OF THE

DUNCAN Clark.

Duncan Clark, who 1ms char<^o ctf Woodland Cemetery, was born
in the County of York, near Toronto, .luno 16, IS4'.». His father, who
also l)ore the name of Duncan, was born in Ar<,'yleshire, Scotland, and
came to Canada in 1844, having married in hiw native land Miss Ann
McLean. Our subject was reared in County Gray on a farm, and
after reaching nninliood, continued to follow commercial pursuits until
18N2, when lie be<,'an taking,' charj^e of Mt. Pleasant ( 'emetery, remain-
in<^ thus emiiloyed until a{)i)ointed to his ])resent position, lie was
married in 1875 to Miss Christina Unjuhart, a daughter of Major D.
Urfpihart of County Bruce, and by her is the father of three children —
Donald F., John Alexander, and Duncan G.

RICHARD Co AD.

Richard Coad, a citizen of Ekfrid Township, one of the vanguard of
agriculture, settled on his present farm in Middlesex County, in 1856.
He was born in the Parish of St. Germans, Cornwall, England, June
3, 1817 ; son of liicliard and Ann (Clemans) Coad, both natives of
England. The father was born in 1777, and died in the country of
Ins birth in 1856. He was an enterprising and well-to-do man. The
mother was born in 1776, and died in England in 1848. Their son,
Eichard, was the only child born to this union. He was rearcid on a
farm and educated in England, where he remained until 1850, when
he crossed the ocean to Canada ; induced to take this course from
fear of the effects of Sir Robert Peel's Free Trade measure, which
became law just previous to this time, and which course (he thinks
now after thirty years' experience) has been fully justified. He re-
mained but one year when he returned to England, and went from
there to Australia, where he spent more than two years. In 1855 he
again returned to Canada, and here he has since resided, or since 185(),
on a well-improved farm of 350 acres (150 of this is in Middlesex, and
200 in Elgin ; the homestead is in Middlesex), one of the very best
farms in the county. He was married in 1855 to Miss Eliza Pyne,
who was born in England in 1830 (November 17th), and to them have
been born four children — Richard, born 1856 ; William, born 1858 ;
George, bom 1861 ; and John, born 1865. Mr. Cofid is a pronounced
Conservative in his political views, has been a member of the Ekfrid
Township Council, and is a prominent man of this part of the county.
He is a member of the Church of England.

Thomas Coffey. ■

Thomas Coffey, Proprietor and Publisher of the Catholic Record,
London, Ont, was born in Castleconnell, County Limerick, Ireland, in

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

767

184;^, When (luito, yomi}^, in company wiUi liig father, motliov, and
the other nicnihcis of the fiiniily, he inuni{,'ratecl to the; Dominion of
Canada, and after a residence of one year in >roiitreal, Canada, tho
family moved to London, where the subject of this sketch has since
resided. Here he k'arned the printer's trade, and held a responsible
position in the Advertiwr oftice. On the 4th of Oetober, IHJH, the
Catholic lieamf, a weekly religious pa]ier, first made its a[)pearance ;
but after an existence of six months the promoters of the enterprise
were forced to abandon it. Mr. Cort'ey j)urchased the property, and in
a few years succeeded in firmly establishing the ])aper. It is now net-
ting Mr. Coffey a luindsome income, and
( 'atholic newspaper of tlie Dominion.

13 recognized as the leading

Henry Coleeick, Sr.

H. Colerick, Sr., of the firm of H. & C. Colerick, ])ainters and dealers
in paper hangings, window shades, paints, oils and glass, was born in
Quebec on the 15th of June, 1S34, his father, Samuel Colerick, having
been born in liirmingham, England. He was a soldier in Her Majesty's
32nd Infantry, this being tlie first regiment ever .stationed ii; London. The
maiden name of his wife was Margaret Murphy, of Cork, Ireland. Iii
1838 he came with his regiment to London, Canada, and from here went
to Toronto, where he received his discharge ; then returned to London,
where he made his home until his death, his residence being on the
north-west corner of llichmond and Dundas streets. Mr. Colerick,
whose name heads this sketch, was one of two living children, and was
reared in Loudon, where he received a good education, and learned the
painter's trade, serving a regular apprenticeship at the latter. In 18()4
he embarked in his present business, and owing to his many sterling
qualities, has been quite successful in his enterprise. His marriage
with Miss Jane Stephens was consummated in 185(1. She was bora
in Quebec, and her union with Mr. Colerick resulted in the birth of ten
children : — Omer, liichard, Charles, John, Henry, James, Minnie,
Samuel, May, and Edward.

Charles Frederick Colwell.

The pluck and energy so necessary to success in any pursuit seems
to be a distinguishing characteristic of the young men of the present
day who have climbed to prominence in ofhcial and business life.
Prominent among those who have won in life's battles, and who are
considered among the progressive and leading citizens, may be men-
tioned Mr. C. F. Colwell, He was born in the Township of Darlington,
Ontario, on September 26, 1846, and is the son of G. T. and Olivia
(Pitt) Colwell, both of whom were born in England. The father was a

768

HISTORY OF THE

nie jhant tailor by occupation, and for over forty years was also a local
preacher. He was the father of twelve children, and Charles F. was
the youngest child. He lived in his native township until four years
of age, and was then taken to Cobourg by his parents, where he grew
to manhood and learned the printer's profession.

He removed to Toronto in liS65, and for several months served as
private and sergeant in ("aptain Patterson's Artillery, during the
Fenian troubles of 1866. Mr. Colwell printed the first proceedings of
the first Ontario Parliament after Confederation, removing immediately
afterwards to London, where, for a time, he worked in both the Adver-
tiser and Free Press oitices. In 1868 he was compelled to abandon
the printing business, owing to impaired health ; and after this travelled
nearly three years for T. McCormick's confectionery factory. Mr. Colwell
then undertook the management of the extensive piano and organ business
of Andru,^ Bros. After remaining with them about three years, he
bought them out, and has succeeded well in establishing an independent
and lucrative trade, being known far and wide as the proprietor of
" Colwell's Popular Music House." Owing to his strict attention to
business, combined with honesty and fair dealing, he has steadily
increased his trade from year to year, until its magnitude and valuable
returns cannot be excelled in Western Canada. Full mention of his
business will be found elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Colwell has
been a member of the Board of Education for five years, in which he
took a very active interest, only retiring this year, owing to iucreasad
business cares. He is also a Director of the City Mutual Insurance
Company; and, by government appointment, is issuer of mamage licenses.
In 1870, Mr. Colwell was married to Miss Maggie Carson, of Cobourjr,
who was born in Scotland. They have had seven children, two ot
whom are living — Charles Victor (aged nearly twelve years) and lluby
Olivia (agod nine years). Mr. Colwell is a member of several leading
societies — among them the Oddfellows, Freemasons, Koyal Arcanum,
and the Workmen.

William C. Coo.

William C Coo, high court stenographer and principal of the West-
ern Ontario Shorthand Academy, of London, Out., was born in Toronto,
March 31, 1801, and is a son of Wra. H. and Eliza (Townsend) Coo,
both of whom were born in England, and immigrated to Ontario in
1851?. The father learned a trade in his youth, and afterwards turned
his attention to mercantile pursuits. \V. C. is his second son and cliikl
in a family of six, and up to the age of twelve years attended school in
Toronto. He then entered the office of Walter McKenzie, clerk of the
County Court of the County of York, as office boy, and remained in his
employ eleven years. He gradually rose from office boy to the posi-
tion of deputy-clerk of the couit and special examiner, taking down

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

769

the evidence in shorthand and transcribing it on the typewriter. Hav-
ing had over thirteen years' ex])erience in this work, he is now con-
sidered one of the best stenographers in Ontario. For some time
previous to coming to London, he acted as managing clerk for Murphy
& Murdock, barristers, of Toronto. In May, 1884, he came to London,
and holds the position of high court stenographer for the County of
Middlesex. In addition to this work, he conducts a shorthand and
typewriting academy, which has been very successful, the early attend-
ance having increased from 40 to 200 in three years. His gi'eat
success in this business being largely due to the fact that he makes a
point of placing every competent graduate in a position. Being per-
sonally acquainted with almost every legal gentleman in Ontario,
enables him to do so. He also teaches shorthand and typewriting at
Hellmuth Ladies' College and the Forest City Business College. There
was but one typewriter and no shorthand special examiner in the City
of London when he came. He is doing well financially, and is a
young man of push and enterprise. He was a bugler in the law stud-
ents' company of the Queen's Own Rifles for three years, and trumpeter
in the Governor General's Body Guard for seven years, and was
Trumpet Major when he resigned. He was man'ied to Eva 11. Harper
of Cobourg, a daughter of Thomas W. Harper in 1882, and has a
family of three children — Amelia R., Ruby, and Eva Maud. Mr. Coo
is a member of the Royal Arcanum.

John Coote.

John Coote was born in County Tyrone, of the " Emerald Isle," in
1833, being one of three surviving members of a family of nine child-
ren born to the marriage of James Coote and Margery Bartley, who
were born, reared and married in Ireland. About 1838 they came to
Canada, locating in Middlesex County, on tlie North Branch River,
where he purchased 400 acres of timber land, whicli he succeeded in
clearing, and where he lived for a number of years. He afterwards
located near the County Asylum grounds, where he spent the remain-
der of his days, dying in 1863. He was always very liberal with his
family, and purchased 500 acres of land o])posite the Water-works,
which he divided among his children. He was? cajitain of a company
of cavalry in the militia. His son, John, was about five years of age
when he was brought to (,'anada, and up to fifteen years of age was
engaged in following the plow and attending the common schools. He
then began fighting the battle of life for himself, and after the lapse
of a number of years engaged in the livery business and staging,
eventually becoming the owner of four large stables, located at the
following places: — Tort Stanley, Woodstock, Brantford and London.
He has an exceedingly fertile and well-improved farm on which is a
Ijeautiful residence, and throughout life has been one of the honorable

770

HISTORY OF THE

business men and enterprising citizens ol the county, ever ready to
, Vance the interests of the public. For the past twenty-five years he
has been practically retired from active business life.

John M. Corneil

The history of this family dates back sixty years to the early settle-
ment of the County of Middlesex. The family is of Irish extraction
and descendants of the Huguenots. The first to leave Ireland .and at-
tempt making a home in the new wilderness was Christopher Corneil,
who was born in the County of Limerick in 1803. At the age of 20
he immigrated to Canada, settled in Lower Canada, and there remained
for five years. In 1828 he pushed further westward into the wilder-
ness of Middlesex County, where he took up 100 acres of government
laud in Ekfrid Township, which was afterwards increased to 400 acres^
which is now the property of .Tohn M. Corneil. After remaining on
this farm for some time and clearing off the dense timber and under-
growth with which it was covered, he went to Toronto, and was here
married to Miss Jane Meadows in 1829. She was a native of the
County of Cavan, Ireland, born in the year 1807, and came to Canada
when quite young. She was a niece of the old pioneer pastor of this
region. Rev. John Hueston. After their marriage they returned to
their frontier home to brave the danger and suffering incident to pioneer
life, and to build a home. They were eminently successful, and in
1875 they retired from active business; located in Strathroy to enjoy in
comfort and peace the fruits of their early labors.

Ten years after the settlement of (Christopher Corneil in C-anada, his
brother, George Corneil, came from Ireland and settled in Ekfrid
Township, July 27, l8o3. He also engaged in farming, and, like his
brother, his etlbrts were successful. In 1877, after 42 years of active
life in Ekfrid Township, he retired from business and settled in the
village of Glencoe. March 17, 1835, he married Miss Martha IJate-
man. He died August 29, 1882, and his wife died Dec. 1, 1887.
Christopher Corneil died at Strathroy, Oct. 24, 1883. He was a mau
of high attainments, of a quiet, unassuming disposition, yet he took an
active interest in the general advancement of the county, especially so
in educational matters. He sought no public position, and was
universally respected and esteemed. He was a very active member of
the Methodist Chiu'ch, his memory being very fittingly commemorated
by the placing of a memorial window in the new church in the village
of Melbourne.

At the outbreak of the llebellion of 1837, Mr. Corneil was com-
missioned Lieutenant of the Mihtia, and served through this struggle
in defense of his country. An amusing reminiscence of the trouble
and inconvenience of pioneer life may here be mentioned : — Some of
the young cattle of Mr. and Mrs. Corneil had wandered away, and one

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

771

day after the dishes of the mid-day meal liad been cleared away, Mrs.
Corneil entered the woods in search of the missing stock. After wan-
dering through the forest and searching in vain for the missing cattle,
she thought it time to return to her home, and in endeavoring to do
so, lost her bearing, and, after wandering through swamps and thickets,
night came on. The forest at this time was full of wolves, bears and
other wild animals, and, as a matter of self-preservation, she spent the
night in the branches of a tree, where her uneasy slumbers wens often
interrupted by the howling of wolves, and by the continual falling of
t!;e storm which had gathered. In the morning the sun dispelled the
clouds, and she found her way home in safety, and with the exGe])tion
of torn garments, none the worse for her adventure. Of a family of
thirteen, John M. Corneil was the only son who reached manhood.
He was born in Ekfrid Township, November 1, 1S41, and received
the advantages of a good education. June I, 1870, he married Miss
Alecia Bell, daughter of llev. James Bell, of London, Ont. Their
union has been blessed by the birth of five children, of whom four are
still living — Christopher George, Elizabeth Jane, James Bell and
Frederick Evan. Mr. and Mrs. (Jorneil are both respected members of
the Methodist Church. In 1874 Mr. Corneil wap appointed Justice
of the Peace, of Middlesex, has served as a Councillor of Ekfrid Town-
ship and Glencoe village, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity
at Melbourne, Dufferin Lodge, No. 364. In February, IHHH, he and
family removed from the City of London to Glencoe, where they now
reside.

ALBERT T. Corp.

Whether considered as an industrial art or as a branch of commer-
cial pursuit, the business represented by Mr. Corp, of painter, glazier
and house decorator, is of sufficient impoitance to call for a favorable
notice in connection with the brief outline of his career. Albert T.
Corp, who for thirty-five years has been a resident of London, and who
has attained an honorable position in his adopted calling, was born near
Taunton, Somersetshire, England, December 31, 1844. His parents,
John and Ruth (House) Corp, were both of English birth, the former of
Fifeshire, and the latter of Thurloxton, near Bridgewater. There were
eight children in the family, seven sons and one daughter. Albert T.,
the only son, was reared in England until he was eleven years of age,
and then came with the family to Canada, settling in London in June,
1855. He received a fair business education, and served a four years'
apprenticeship at the painting trade, and in 1870 commenced busi-
ness for himself, tiiking contracts for painting, glazing and interior
house decorations, and his patronage has been secured by a system of
operations conducted upon the strictest principles of integrity, ""at
ciire being taken to secure the best brand of goods in the .ik ,
always regarding quality rather than cost. Mr. Corp is in all i iti >

772

HISTORY OF THE

a self-made man. Relyiiij:? on his strong ami and indomitable will, he
set out in the world, and has by frugality and untiring industry,
attained a position which is meriting the crown of well-earned
success. He was married in December, ] 884, to Miss Margaret Nichol,
a native of London Township. To tliem have been born three children
— Ruth, Agnes P., and .lohn Franklin. Mr. C. is a member of the
A. O. of Foresters, and a Knight of Pythias.

John T. Coughlin.

John T. Coughlin is a descendant of a family which originally
ciime from Ireland, his ])arents, Tiinotliy and Julia (McCarthy) Cough-
lin, having been born, reared and married iti the " Emerald Lsle." In
18.)4, i\Ir. Coughlin immigrated to Ontario, and settled on a farm in
Westminster Town.ship, Middlesex County, but afterwards went to
Putl'alo, where he died in 1838, leaving his wife and two small children —
Johanna and John — to fight their own way in the world. The latter
was born in 18."! 5, and, after his father's death, was taken to raise by his
uncle, John Coughlin, and has always resided on the farm where he now
lives. He received a good common school education, and was married
to Miss Sarah A. Cunningham, a daughter of James and Bridget
(McAulifle) Cunningham, by whom he has three childreji — Julia, Clara
and Maggie Maud. Mr. Coughlin is a man who, by his many sterling
qualities, has won the respect and confidence of all who know him, and
in 1868 was elected to the Township Council for three years, being
elected to the oflice of Reeve in 1882, for four years. For the past
twelve years he has been extensively engaged in the exportation of live
stock to the English markets, and has an excellent farm of 170 acres,
well improved and cultivated. On coming to Canada, Timothy Coughlin
was accomjianied by three brothers — John, Daniel and Cornelius. John
settled in North Yarmouth, where he reared a karge family of children,
and died in 1881 ; Daniel first settled in North Yarmouth, but about
1854 moved to the County of Huron, and Cornelius settled in West-
minster Township, wliere he also reared a large family of children, and
died about 1869. The family are members of the Catholic Church.

William Cousin.

William Cousin is of Scotch descent, and is one of the reliable
citizens and farmers of tlie township. He was born in Fifeshire, Scot-
laud, in 1820, his father, John Cousin, being an overseer in that country.
The latter was married to Ann Stephenson, who bore him four
children — Lillie, William, James, and one deceased, and he died in his
native land. William Cousin received a good common education, and
from early boyhood has been engaged in tilling the soil, becoming one

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

773

of the most expert plowmen of his day. In 1851 he immigrated to
Canada, and located on a farm in Middlesex County, which received
much of his attention for many years, and now consists of 200 acres,
all the result of his unremitting efforts and good management. He
reached this country with about $100, of which he used very sparingly ;
in looking for a suitable location, walked from one end of the county
to the other rather than spend his money for a conveyance. He has
always been strictly temperate, and as a result has never been ill and
has never taken a droj) of medicine in his life, being remarkably well
preserved. Owing to his upright, honorable and successful career, he
has always been a valuable member of society, and for many years
has been a devout member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, having
been a member of the Church Committee for the past twenty years,
also serving as a teacher in the Sunday school. He is a Liberal in
politics, and takes an active interest in the political affairs of the
(^ounty. In LSTO he was married to Miss Mary Russell, by whom he
became the father of four children — James A., Emily J., Maggie C,
and Lillie B. The maiden name of his first wife was Mary Nichol, a
daughter of Francis Nichol. (See sketch of Adam Nichol.) Five
children are the result of this union — Jeanette, John S., Ann, Eliza-
beth L., and Mary N.

/. M. Cousins.

J. M. Cousins is a manufacturer of wind-mills, pumps and hydraulic
works of all descriptions, London. To fail to include within this work
a sketch of the above mentioned gentleman who, for forty-five years,
has been closely identified with its interests, would be to omit a
history of one of London's best citizens. J. M. Cousins was born in
Truro, Nova Scotia, April 20, 1820, and his father, James Cousins, was
a native of Wales, and came to Nova Scotia when a child. The
maiden name of the mother was Isabella Mitchell, of Scotch birth.
Their family consisted of six children, the eldest son and second child
being J. M., who was reared on a farm, and who came to London,
Canada, in 1843. Here he commenced wood-working, and in 1845
established a business in pump making, having added to this indus-
try the manufacture of fan-mills and implements of different kinds.
He is doing a successful business; but in 1878 suffered heavily from
loss by fire. In 1846 he married Miss Agnes Little, a native of
Ireland, and to them have been born four children — James, Sarah,
Charles and Thomas, the latter being associated with his father in
business. Mr. Cousins has held the position of Justice of the Peace
for thirty years, served as a member of the City Council for thirteen
years, and was elected Mayor in 1871. He served also as Chairman
of the Water Commissioners. Mr. Cousins is a man of sterling integ-
rity, and in every path of life his career has been above criticism or

774

HISTOKY OF THE

reproach. He has merited and receives the respect and honor of all
who know him. A detailed statement of Mr. Cousins's business will
be found in another part of this work.

JAMES Cowan.

James Cowan, one of the most successful business men of I-ondon,
Ont., is a native of County Kirkcudbright, Scotland; born -Fan. 14,
1832, and the son of John and Margaret ((.'arson) Cowan. The father
was a merchant in his native country, and died at the age of forty-
eight years. The mother died at the age of forty-three. Of their
eleven children, nine sons and two daughters, James Cowan was the
seventh son in order of birth, and was but seven years of age when his
parents died. Before he was fifteen years of age he commenced to
learn the business of ironmongery, and served five years as an appren-
tice and two years as foreman with A. Dobie, ironmonger and jeweler,
of Castle Douglas, Scotland. In May, 1853, he went to Durham,
England, remained there three months, and in August of the same
year he proceeded to Dewsbury, Yorksliire, and remained there fifteen
months. In May, 1854, he started for Liverpool to manfige a hardware
business for Mrs. Lightfoot, whose husband had died, leaving the busi-
ness embarrassed. Mr. Cowan returned home in August, 1854, married
^liss Elspeth Wells, September 1st, and the 22nd of the same month
sailed from Liverpool, landing <at New York, October 22 of the same
year. The ship, "West Point," had cholera on board, and twenty
passengers and four seamen died of this disease. Mr. Cowan obtained
employment with Messrs. Windle & Co., on Madison Lane, for about
two months, and afterwards for a short time was in a Brooklyn carpet
store. In May, 1855, he departed for Canada, and for three months
was with John Bain, hardware merchant, of Hamilton, Canada West.
On the 8th of August 1855, Mr. Cowan obtained a situation with
Adam Hope & Co., of London, and remained thus employed until
October, 1864, leaving then of his own accord. He then formed a
partnership in October, 1864, with James Wriglit, mider the firm title
of Cowan & Wright, and the business was conducted under this name
until September 29, 1875, when the partnership was dissolved. From
that date the firm name has been James Cowan & Co.

By his marriage Mr. Cowan became the father of one child, a son,
named David James Cowan. Mrs. Cowan died in June, 1858, and
Mr. Cowan was married a second time, in 1859, to Miss Amiie,
daughter of Mr. Waddell, veterinary surgeon in the Royal Artillery,
stationed at Niagara. Ten children were the result of this union, eight
of whom survive. John, the fourth son, took up arms in defence of
his country in 1885. Associated with Mr. Cowan in his business is
his eldest son and his nephew, A. K. Melbourne. Mr. Cowan owes
his success in life to his own efforts and a thorough knowledge of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

775

business, and not to the assistance of others. He has always taken
a deep interest in everything calculated to advance the interests
of the city, and in 1887 and 1888 was elected Mayor, and during his
two years in that position has proven himself to be second to none of
his predecessors. He is a member of tlio St. Andrew's and Caledonian
Societies, and is ex-president of the former. He is also a member of
the Keform Association of London, and a member of the Masonic
Order. In his religious preferences he adheres to the Presbyterian
denomination. Mr. Cowan is a man of much personal and mental
activity, and no worthy movement of moral or financial advancement
has failed to receive his support. Although pressed to fill the position
of Mayor for the third term, he resolved to retire from all municipal
offices and devote his whole time to the firm's large and increasing
business.

David Craig.

Prominent among the enterprising men of Delaware Township,
and among those deserving special notice for their public spirit and
energy, is the gentleman of whom this notice is given. He was born
in the Township of Bertie, Welland County, Canada, August 19, 1829,
and is the son of David and Ann (Morehead) Craig, both natives of
County Down, Ireland, where they lived for many years, but finally
immigrated to Canada, and settled in Welland County at a very early
date. David is the sixth child of a family of nine children born to
his parents. He remained and assisted his parents until 28 years of
age, when he began business for him,self He moved or emigrated
with them from Bertie Township, Welland County, to Delaware Town-
ship, in 1847, and located on his present farm of 120 acres, on 1st and
2nd Concessions. November 29, 18t50, he was united in marriage to
Miss Charlotta Kennedy, a native of the County of Carlton, Canada.
This union resulted in the birth of four children — three sons and a
daughter. Mr. Craig is a member of the Presbyterian Church, is Con-
servative in politics, and his post-office is Raper.

Robert Creamer.

Robert Creamer, a well-to-do farmer of Dorchester Township, is of
Irish descent and a son of Patrick Creamer, who was born in Ireland,
and was married to Rebecca McCorroll, by whom he became tlie father
of five children — Robert, Jane, Tliomas, James, and Catherine. Tlie
parent immigrated to America in 1.^31 and .settled in P(3tersburg,
< 'anada, where Mr. Creamer was engaged in boot and shoe making, but
also owned a farm about eight miles west of the town, which he was
engaged in tilling for many years, but is now residing in Petersburg,
being 83 years of age. His son, Robert, was born in Petersburg in

776

HISTOKY OK THE

1832, and learned the boot and shoemaker's trade of his father ; but
after attaining a suitable age came to Belmont and followed his trade
for about fourteen years, acquiring an enviable re])utatioii and con-
ducting an extensive and profitable business, which required the ser-
vices of about seven men. About 18(37 he began keeping hotel in
Belmont, conducting for about eleven years the Creamer House, which
was one of the ])oi)ular hotels of tlie town. During this period he
purchased the fixrm of 100 acres wliere he now resides, and is now
considered one of the successful farmers of the county, as he has ever
been considered one of its upright and honorable citizens. In ISy."!
he was married to Miss Ann Prowse, a daughter of ilohn and Mary
(Chalk) Prowse, who were born in Devonshire, England, and their
union was blessed in the birth of two sons — .lames M., and .John P.
^Ir. and Mrs. Creamer tire niembers of the Church of England, anil
he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is Conservative in his
political views. His son, James M., is a veterinary surgeon in l{egina,
the capital of the North-west Territory ; and John is a farmer near
that town. Both are married and have families.

Right Reverend Benjamin Cronyn (Deceased).

The Itight Reverend Benjamin Cronyn, first Bishop of the Diocese
of Huron, was the son of Thomas Cronyn, E.sq., of Kilkenny, Ireland,
and was born in the year 1802 ; graduated at Trinity College, Dublin ;
B. A. in 1822 ; and in 1824 was divinity prizeman. He was ordained
Deacon by the Lord of Paphoe in August, 1825, and Priest by his
Grace the Archbishop of Tuam, of Trinity Sunday, 1827. In the
Autumn of 1832 the Rev. Mr. Cronyn reached the then very small
village of " The Forks," now London, Ont., and was appointed Rector
in the same year. There are few left who can remember what a mere
hamlet it was at that time, and the dithculties and trials that had to be
borne by the early settlers. Many were the amusing and pleasing
anecdotes which the good Bishop delighted in relating of this early
experience. The following is a good illustration : — During his first
■winter in Canada, in company with Col. Curran, one of the first
settlers in Adelaide Town-^hip, in the middle of winter he walked
from London to that township, they carrying between them a i[uarter
of beef for the relief of some settlers then bordering on starvation. In
those days the roads were merely blazed lines, consequently they
became lost and had to remain out all night, closely followed by howl-
ing wolves attracted by the smell of the beef. Amid such scenes and
experiences this pioneer of the gospel spent his early years in Ontario.
Through his energy and perseverence and with his influence he secured
to the church the endowments of St. Paul's Rectory, London, St.
John's, London Township, and Adelaide. After years of hard work
and toil in the cause of Christ, he lived to see the forest give way to

COUNTY OF MIUULKSKX.

r77

the ax of the early settlers, lar<,'e and productive farms where but a
short time before had lieeu the trackless forest, and the little village of
Loudon expand and develo]) into a large and fluurishing city.

In I. Soij the degree of D. D. was conferred upon Bishop Cronyn,
at Trinity College, Dublin, and one year later the Diocese of Huron
was set apart from the Diocese of Toronto, and liev. IJenjamin (Jronyn,
I). D., was elected the first Bishop. This was the first Epi.sco))al elec-
tion in Canada, and on it all subsequent elections to a great extent
have been modelled. The choice lay between Dr. Croiiyn and the
Venerable Archileacon JJethune, afterwards Bishop of Toronto. The
election took ]ilace in St. I'aul's Church, London, the church and laity
voting sejiarately. The result was the choice of Dr. Cronyn, as first
Bishop of Huron. Ho was consecrated at Lambeth, by His Grace tiie
Archbisho]) of Canterbury, assisted by other Bishoj)s. Of his admin-
istrative ability and strong advocacy of the cause of his diocese at the
settlement and adjustment of the various endowments to be participated
in with the older diocese of Toronto, we now realize the benefit. 1 )ur-
ing the fourteen years of his ejiiscopacy, the growth and extension of
the church was remarkable, and the seed sown by him in faith will
continue to yield fruit for many generations. In 18C3, aided by Dean
Hellmuth, who acted as the Bishop's commissary in England, for the
collection of fmids, he was enabled to establish and endow Huron
College, which has already furnished more than sixty heralds of tlie
gospel, who are laboring in every j)aTt of the Dominion of Canada.
London is but a type of the church progress which is to be marked
everywhere in the Diocese of Huron. The mother church of St. I'aul
is now surrounded by anumerousfamily of six children, all flourishing,
and in their turn aiding to no small extent in carrying on the mission
work of the diocese. In forming this short sketch, it is impossible not
to refer to the warmth of the allection in which the memory of Bishop
Cronyn is held by all who knew him, particularly his clergy. To them,
especially the younger, he was in the highest and noblest sense a Right
Heverend Father in God. Kind and sympathising, all felt him to bo
a friend ; possessed of long exjierience, all would look to him for sound
counsel ; hospitable and generous even to a fault, his rectory was a home
where all were welcome. On September 2, 1871, the reverend and
beloved Bishop was called to his final rest. The Memorial Church was
erected by the family to his memory — a tender father, a loving friend
and a good man. [The foregoing was taken from the Missionary
News, and was prepared by the present Dean of Huron.]

Verschoyle Cronyn.

Verschoyle Cronyn, Chancellor of the Diocese of Huron, and a son
of the above, is the oldest person now living in London who was born
within the original limits of the city. His birth occurred February 6,

778

HISTOItY OF THE

18;>3, and he was reared here ; he was educated in the Grammar
School of London under the hite Rev, Iknjamin Hayly. He studied
law in the office of Colonel James Shanly, of London, and with Crooks
& Cameron, of Toronto ; is a Graduate-in-Law of Toronto University ;
was called to the bar in ISGO, since when ho has ])racticed his pro-
fession in London. lie was one of the incorporators, and is solicitor,
of the Huron and Erie Loan and Savinj^s Company. He was one of
the or<^anizers of the London Street llailway Company, and is its
President.

William Cross.

William Cross, a prominent grocer and business man of Strathroy,
is a native of Devonshire, England, born December 12, 1847, son of
William and Eliza (Jackson) Cross, both natives of Devonshire, Eng-
land. After marriage the parents immigrated to the United States,
settled in Chicago, and here the father died at the age of thirty-eight
years. Tiie mother was born about 1823, and now resides in Strath-
roy. After the death of the father the family came to the County of
Middlesex, (Janada, and here the boyhood of William Cross was spent
on a farm in Adelaide Townshij). He is the eldest living of the
children born to his parents, and at the age of fifteen he began
learning the carpenter's trade, which occupation he continued for some
time. When twenty-five years of age he came to Strathroy, and
engaged in the grocery business in partnership with H. A. Ivor & Co.,
remaining with this firm for eight years. He then sold his interest,
and for one year was engaged in the jewelry business in partnership
with J. C. Diggins ; but after one year sold out his interest, and two
years later again engaged in the grocery business in partnership with
Henry F. Edwards. After a business union of three years, he bought
■out his partner, and has since continued alone. He is doing a good
and safe trade, and at all times has been able to pay 100 cents on the
dollar. He was married in 1883 to Miss Agnes Howell, a native of
Devonshire. He is a Conservative in politics.

J. B. Crozier.

J. B. Crozier was born in the North of Ireland, and came to
America at the age of thirteen years, locating first at Toronto, where
he learned the business of hot air ventilation, which he followed at
Toronto and various other cities. He was very successful at this, and
in 1854 came to Mt. Biydges, where he afterwards engaged in the
timber and stave business in Ontario, Canada and Michigan. He
purchased the American Hotel at Mt. Brydges, where he supplied the
public with the necessaries of life for eight years. During his connec-

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

779

tion with tlio liotel he owned and mana;»ed a farm of fifty acres near
the villa<je. Ife has since sold out liis interest in botli farm and hotel, and
has jinictically retired from business. About four years a<,'o he ('n<,'a<j[ed
in the business of buying and shi|)|)in:,' a])i<les, thus occujjyinj,' his spare
time, and has succeeded well, shipping lust year over o.OOO barrels.
In tl'ie year ISGG he married Miss Helen Christian, of Delaware Tow n-
shij), and the daughter of Anthony and Margaret Christian, both of
whom are natives of the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Crozier are the
parents of two chililren, both l)oys, George and Charles. Mr. Crozier
in his political vit^ws alhliates with the lit^form ]iarty. lie has never
belli any of the Township ofllces. choiwing to give his entire time to
business. He has lived in Mt. Drydges ever since that village existed,
and his recollection is, that the first church was built in lcSr)4 and the
schools were also established about the same time. The Township had
just been organized when he moved here, and he may with due proi)riety
be called one of the first settlers of the Township. He is recognized
as a man of good judgment, a citizen worthy the respect and esteem
of all who know him, and he is a member of the A. ¥. & A. M. He
is a son of James and Mary (McKinley) Crozier, the former dying on
a war vessel when J. B, was but an infant.

John Frederick Cryer.

John Frederick Cryer, bamster-at-law and solicitor of the Supreme
Court, was born in the City of London, in the County of Middlesex,
on the 29th day of February, 1860. His parents, John W. Cryer and
Frances A. Cryer {'hee Law), are natives of Leeds, Yorkshire, England,
and removed to Canada in ISo'A ; first locating in Hamilton, and finally
.settling in London. His father followed his trade of a coppersmith and
l)lumber and steam-fitter for many years, being a man of first class
mechanical abilities. His son, .lohn Frederick Cryer, is one of four
sons, and began the study of the laws under the Hon. David Glass,
(.). C, a brother of the sheritlof the County of Middlesex, and in 18iS7
was called to the Bar of Ontario, and the degree of barrister-at-law
conferred upon him ; at the same time he was admitted and sworn in
solicitor of the Supreme Court, and appointed a commissioner for
taking affidavits in the same year. His Honor, the Lieutenant-
Governor of the Province was jileiised to appoint Mr. Cryer, tinder
the great seal, a notary public for Ontario. Mr. Cryer was reared to
manhood in the (Jity of London, where he received part of his educa-
tion ; the other portion was received in Europe and at Toronto ; Mr.
Cryer being a member of the University of Toronto. Mr. Cryer spent
tv.'o years in England under the care and direction of an English solici-
tor. He was married to Frances, the youngest daughter of Richard
H. Sarvis, Esq., inspector of the Dominion Loan Company, in June,
1888. Mr. Cryer is a staunch advocate of the cause of temperance,

780

histohy of the

and a Motliodist. He is a stvoii«; Tory, and takes f,'reat interest in
political lif(!. He liivs received iioininutions for alderman and school
trnstee of the City of London, but has never accepted either honor.
He is a member of the law firm of Fitzgerald & Cryer, practicing law
at Loudon.

John W. Cryer.

John W. Cryer, contractor, was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England,
October 7, 18-0 ; son of Francis and Catherine (VVatcrson) Cryer; the
father a native of Leeds, Yorkshire, England, and the mother of the
Isle of Man. Francis Cryer was a sergeant in the 11th Hussars, and
was in the battle of Waterloo. He was also at the battle of Alexandria,
Egypt, and was one of the thirteen of that company who returned. He
had seven horses shot under him, but escaped with only a shot in the
hand. He lived to bu seventy years of age, and died from an accident.
His son, John W. Cryer, was the youngest son of a family of seven
children, and his eldest brother, Francis, was a minister in the Church
of England. John W. was reared a plumber and coppersmith, and
served seven years' apprenticeship. In 1841) he immigrated to New
York, landed May Lst of that year, and Mr. Cryer traveled and
worked in dill'erent places until in ISoo, when he came to London, anil
there he has since made his home. At present his subcontract witli
his partner, Mr. Turner, is to put in water service at the Insane
Asylum. Mr. Cryer served as a member of the City Council in 1804
and 1805. In 1851, Mr. Cryer married Mi.ss Frances A. Law, a
native of Leeds, England, and to them have been born five children —
Albert A., John Frederick, Thomas B., Frances (wife of W. W. Mc-
Kay), and . Mr. Cryer is a member of the Masonic fraternity

and is connected with St. George's Lodge, No. 42.

Thomas Cuddy.

Prominent among the leading men of Adelaide Township and
among the old settlers of Middlesex County, stands the name of Thomas
Cuddy, who was born in Tyrone, Ireland, March 17, 1816, and is the
son of John and Elizabeth (Watters) Cuddy, both natives of County
Tyrone, Ireland. The father was born in 1744, and died in his native
country, where his wife also passed her last days. Thomas Cuddy was
educated in the schools of his native country, and came to Canada in
1837, settling on his present farm in the Township of Adelaide, Lot 6,
Third Concession, north of the Egreraont Road, where he has since re-
sided — a period of more than half a century. He is the owner of 350
acres of good land, well improved and well cultivated. In 1840 he
married Miss Esther Truman, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, born
November 12, 182G, and the daughter of John and Sarah (Smith)

COUNTY OF M1DI)LE8KX.

rHi

Tniiimn. The fruits of this union were seven chihhvn — Surah, -Fohn,
Eliziiheth, Tliomas Alf'recl, Loftus WiUiuni Janu's, Mary Victoria, and
Esth(!r Laura Adella. Mr. Cuddy is ( 'onsorvativo in his jiohtical
opinions, and was a nu'nd)cr of the To\vnshi]» Council for sixteen years.
He has also held the ofticti of lleeve for two years, and has always
taken an active jiart in the jiublic all'airs of the County. He and Mrs.
Cuddy are worthy members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Cuddy
is an honorable, uprij^lit citi/i!n, whose word is as good as his bond.

Edward S. Cummer.

E<lward S. ('uninier, supreme secretary of the Indej)endent Order
of Foresters at London, Ont., was Ixjrn in the (Jounty of York, Canada,
September o, 1S40, and is the ninth in a family of ten children born to
Daniel and Sarah (Enilicott) Cummer. The father was a native of
I'ennsylvania, and at an early age was taken to OnUirio, when; he was
reared on a farm and ibllowed this calling for many years, after which
he turned his attention to the milling business. The mother was of
English birth. Their son, E. S. Cummer, remained in his native
county until nine years of age, and then removed with his parents to
the Niagara Peninsula, and there remained on a farm \mtil sixteen
years of age. He then attend>'il school steadily and diligently until he
was prepared to teach, after which he followed this calling for .seven
years and then engaged in mercantile pursuits, following the business
in different jjlaces until IHiSO, when he was elected high secretary of
the Independent Order of Foresters. In 1881 he was elected also
supreme secretary and filled both ofKces until 1883, when the duties
of the office increased to such a degree as to require separation and a
high secretary w<is appointed. Since that time Mr. Cummer has filled
the ofKce of supreme secretary in a highly complimentcary manner.
Mr. Cummer is also a leader in temperance matters, and has been a
member of the Good Templar organization for thirty-four years, and he
lias never tasted a drop of alcoholic spirits, and is ignorant of the taste
of it. He has been a member of the Grand Lodge for twenty years,
has never missed a regular session, and since his election as represen-
tative to the Eight Worthy Lodge eight years ago, he has been a
regular attendant. In 18G2, Mr. Cummer was married to Miss Ann,
a native of Ontario, and the daughter of Itev. Thomas Rump, a Metho-
dist clergyman.

Lawrence Henry Damfier.

Lawrence Henry Dampier, one of the representative men of Strath-
roy and manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, is a native of
the City of London, Ontario, born January 6, 1854, and the only child

782

HISTOUY OF THE

living born to the marriage of John L. and Sarah (Edmonds) Dampier,
natives of England and Canada respectively. The former was born at
Bruton, Somerset County, in 1820, and immigrated to Canada in 1838,
settling in Montreal, where he resided until 1850, when he removed to
London, and has been a resident of that city ever since. He was
connected with the Bank of Uj)per Canada for twenty-three years.
His father. Captain William AVesley Danijjier, was also a native of
England. Lawrence Henry Dampier was educated at the Hellmuth
Boys' College at London. In 1870 he began business for himself, and
on Alay 1, 1877, began the banking busines in the Canadian Bank of
Commerce at London. In 1881, Mr. Dampier went to Toronto, and
one year later went from there to Stratford, where he remained five
years as bank accountant. In 1887 he came to Strathroy, wiiere he
has since been manager of the above-mentioned bank. In 1881 he
married Louisa, eldest daughter of the late Hannabel Burwell, of
London, Ontario. They have one daughter — Helen Louise Bowyer.
^Ir. and ;\Irs. Dampier are members of the Church of England.

John Darrach.

John Darrach, editor of the Parkhill Revieiv, was born at Fingal,
County of Elgin, Ont., in 1846, and is a son of Neil and Mary
(Mitchell) Darrach, early settlers of that county. Early in life he
received a ])ublic school education, partly in the Township of South-
wold, the Village of Union, the Township of Caradoc, and the Village
of Mount Brydges, after which he worked witli his father at the
waggon- maker's trade at Mount Brydges, Middlesex County. When
twenty-one years of age he began to teach in the Public Schools of that
place, where he remained four years. In 1872 he accepted the posi-
tion of Principal of the Public Schools of Parkliill, which he resigned
five years later in order to become the assistant teacher of the High
School. In 1878 he went to Ottawa as assistant teacher in Central
School East, of that city, but the following year returned to Parkhill,
and, until the fall of 1885, taught in the High School. He then estab-
lished the Review, to which he has since devoted his entire attention.
In 187-4 he married Miss Sarali .1. Hawkey, daughter of John It.
Hawkey, of Parkhill. Mr. Darrach is a member of the Presby-
terian Church, and Mrs. Darrach is a member of the Methodist Church.
They have a family of one son and three daughters. In politics Mr.
Darracli is a Reformer.

Thomas G. Davey.

Among the numerous young men of Western Canada who have
successfully fought the battle of life and are now ranked ainoivg the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

783

leswling citizens mfiy be mentioned Mr. Davey, who was born in
Devonshire, Ent^'laiul, in February, IS.IO, his parents, George and Sarah
(Glass) Davoy, having been born in tlie same place. The fatiier was a
merchant tailor during the early portion of his life. Thomas G. is the
eldest of three children, and resided in England until ] 2 years of age ;
then the family immigi'ated to Canada, and settled in Stratford, where
they remained two years, afterwards removing to London. At an early
day Thomas became familiar with the news and periodical business,
and was engaged in sujiplying trains in the States, and afterwards
followed the same calling in Western Canada, working on the ( Jrand
Trunk system. In 1870 he became associated with C. H. Shaver in the
Railroad News and Advertising Co., which busitiess is of colossal mag-
nitude, the lines embraced being the Detroit & Milwaukee, the Chicago
& Grand Trunk, the Detroit & Grand Haven, and the Port Huron &
North Western. They also publish the Grand Trunk Daily Bulletin.
In addition to his other duties, Mr. Davey holds the position of High
Treasurer of the High Court of the Indepenflent Order of Foresters of
Canada, and is Supreme Treasurer of the same Order. Mr. Davey has
been the architect of his own fortunes, and by pluck and tireless
energy, which was his only stock-in-trade, he has become one of the
highly honored and successful business men of Middlesex County, and
justly commands the respect and esteem of his fellow- men. He has
laeen twice married, iirst to ^liss Catherine Lyons, of Detroit, who died
in 1885, leaving one daughter, ^lary Ann. He selected for his second
wife Miss Eva Chapman, a native of Devonshire, England, by whom
he has one daughter, Florence Lillian.

Almon C. Davis.

Alrnon C. Davis, a successful agricultiu'ist of Westminster Town-
ship, is a descendant of an old Vermont family of pioneers, and of
Welsh descent. He is the son of Andrew Davis, and grandson of
Benjamin Davis, who lived on a farm about twenty-eight miles north
of Montpelier, Vermont. He was in the war of the lievolution, and
lived to be an old man. He died in Vermont. He was the father of
six children ; his son, Andrew Davis, was born on his father's farm in
Vermont, and was a farmer by occupation. He married Miss Martha
Phillips, daughter of Joseph and Martha Phillips. Mr. Phillips was a
soldier in the war of the lievolution, and lived to be ninety-six years
old; his wife lived to the age of ninety years. Mr. and Mrs. Davis
became the parents of eight children — Almon C, Luther, Eussel,
Avery, Aljiha, Laura, Mary J., and Doras (who died in California).
Mr. Davis settled on a farm twenty miles south of Burlington, and
there passed his last days. He was a successful farmer, and lived to
be seventy years of age ; he was an honest, upright citizen, and taught
his children the old adage that " honesty is the best policy." He and
his wife were both members of the ■* ' .liodist Church.

784

HISTORY OF THE

Almon C. Davis was born ou his father's farm in the State of
Vermont in 1818 (May 1). He received a good English education,
and began teaching school in Vermont, in his own neighborhood, at
the age of twenty years. He followed this occupation for two years in
his native State, and then moved to Canada, settling in Westminster,
September 18, 1841. He taught school during the winter of 1841 and
1842 on the North Talbot road, two and a-half miles south of Lambeth,
and among his pupils were Samuel Hunt, James Sutton, Miciah Sutton,
Henry Fortner, Garret Fortner, and others now living, and are now
old men. Among the girls who attended his school were : — Hannah
Lewis, who became the wife of John A. Durham ; Betsey Fortner, who
married Walter Scott, and others of the now old settlers. Mr. Davis
taught school there for some time, and then taught at Belmont for
three sessions. Mr. Davis then settled on Lot 16. He had married,
in 1843 (February 28tli), Miss Aima Lewis, daughter of L. E. Lewis
and Sarah (McGarvey) Lewis. To Mr. and Mrs. Davis were born six
children — Levi, George W., Sarah J., ^Martha, George and Elizabeth.
Mrs. Davis died in 1857, and Mr. Davis was married June 20, 1859,
to Miss Sarah Adams, daughter of James and Fannie (Baxter) Adams.
By this union Mr. Davis became the father of one son — James A.
Davis. James Adams, father of Mrs. Davis, came from the north of
Ireland in 1822, and settled in Prince Edward Comity. In 1839 he
moved to Westminster Township, where he died ^r. 1885, at the age of
eighty-five years. From 1855 to 1857, Mr. Davis lived in London,
and was book-keeper for Derham Nordan, proprietor of a saw-mill and
large planing works, one of the first planing-mills of London. Since
1857, Mr. Davis has lived on his farm, and has been an auctioneer for
twenty years. He has taken a great interest in the cause of education,
and was school trustee for many yeai's. Botli himself and wife are
members of the Methodist Church, of which he is steward ; is a strong
temperance man, and is one of the county's representative citizens.
He has succeeded well in his agricultural pursuits, is the owner of 150
acres of land, and is now jirepared to enjoy the fruits of his labor.
Mr. Davis is a man usually selected as chairman for public meetings,
and has been chairman at the Methodist meetings for fifty-four terms
in one church. He liberally contributed to the building of the
Methodist Church, has been magistrate for twenty-five years, is a
Reformer in politics, and is one of the well-known and prominent
citizens of the county.

Eli L. Davis.

Eli L. Davis, who is closely associated with the farming interests
of Westminster Town.ship, is also a descendant of one of the oldest
pioneer families of the county. He is the son of Benjamin Davis,
who was born in the State of Vermont, in 1802, and was the sou of

COUNTY OF JIIDDLESEX.

785

Elijah Davis, who moved to Lower Canada, where Benjamin grew to
manhood and married Miss Hamiah McThomas. He afterwards
settled on the North Talbot Road, where Mrs. Davis died. To their
union were born four children — Margaret, Daniel, Amos and Huldah.
After his wife's death, Mr, Davis married Miss Eliza Wilson, from St.
Catharines, Canada, and the fruits of this union were these children : —
Henry, Adaline, James F., Eli L., Jane, Emma M., Eliza S., Mary L. and
Benjamin \V. Mr. Davis afterwards moved to Lot 54, where his son, Eli
L., now resides. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
South, and was one of the founders of the church in his neighborhood.
He and a man by the name of Jeremiah Wilson nearly built the
church which is now standing. He was a class leader and steward in
the church, was school trustee for some time, and was a prominent
man. He was the first man in Middlesex County who was ever
married by a minister out of the Church of England. He was married
to his first wife by Elder Ryan, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, who
was lodged in jail and was promptly bailed out by Mr. Davis. He
was then tried, and the result was that the privilege to marry was
granted other denominations. It created considerable excitement and
some bad feeling. Mr. Davis was a hard-working man, and was the
owner of 300 acres of land, which he divided among his children. He
was a man of great force of character, and was well known all through
this section of the county. He travelled the Longwoods road when
there was not a house between Woodsville and Delaware village,
twenty-four miles. Mr, Davis did his full share in the opening up and
in the improvement of the county. He died in 1882 at the age of 80
years, and was greatly respected by one and all.

His son, Eli L. Davis, was born on the old homestead in 1837,
and received during his youthful days a common school education.
The first school teaching performed in the neighborhood was by
Daniel Carson, who wielded the birch in an old log house belonging to
Mr. Davis. Eli L. Davis married Miss Celestia Alarlatt, daughter of
Daniel Marlatt, and the fruit of this imion was one child — Orlando.
Mrs. Davis died in 18()2, and Mr, Davis afterwards married Miss
Melissa Sutton, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Patterson) Sutton,
who bore him one son — Roy S. William Sutton was born in New
Jersey in 1797, and was but three years of age when his father, John
Sutton, brought him to Canada, He was twenty-one years of age
when he came to Westminster Township, John Sutton settled on
North Talbot road, where Jacob Sutton now lives. In 1880, William
Sutton married Elizabeth Patterson, daughter of Jacob and Charity
(Hers) Patterson, Mrs. Sutton was of Dutch extraction, and lived to

be '.(2 years of age. Jacob Patterson settled on the in 1818.

To Mr. and Mrs. Sutton were born nine children — Charity, Mathias,
Jacob, John, Harriet, Luretta, Samuel, Melissa, William (deceased).
Mr. Sutton settled on Lot 56, West Talbot road, and remained there
all his life. He died in 1877, and was 80 years of age. He and wife

786

IIISTOUY OF THK

were members of the M. E. Church. He was a prosperous farmer and
a well-to-do man. Mrs. Sutton is still alive and is 85 years of age; is
the grandmother and the great-grandmother of thirty children. Mr. and
Mrs. Eli L. Davis are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in
politics the former is a lleformer. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, is a good neighbor and a first-class citizen.

Daniel Davis.

Daniel Davis is one of the old and prominent pioneers of Middle-
sex County, Canada, having come here when there was but one log
house in London, and purchased 100 acres of land where the town
now stands. He followed farming for a number of years, and about
1851 opened the second brick-yard in London, this enterprise having
continued under the same name ever since. He is still living, and has
attained the age of seventy-one years. For the past four years his
son, Hiram, has had charge of the brick-yard. The latter was born in
London Township, and here has always made his home, being reared
to the brick business under the instruction of his father. He spent some
time ill Kansas City, Mo. ; Wisconsin, and Denver, Col., and during
this time worked at his trade. He owns the land upon which his
yard is situated, and is doing a good business, financially, having
turnished the brick for the building of the Asylum, for Carling's
Brewery and the Western Station. He is a member of the Orange-
men.

Richard J. C. Dawson.

R. J. C. Dawson, Postmaster of London, Canada, was born in
Bathurst, New Brunswick, October 3, 1835, and is a son of Benjamin
and Jane (Wright) Dawson, both of whom were born in County Cork,
Ireland. Benjamin was reared in Ids native land, and in early life learned
the business of a linen and wollen draper, at which he continued until
twenty-one years of age, serving his apprenticeship with his brother.
He was born on the 10th Se])tember, 17U8, and is now serving in the
stamp department of the post-office in London. In 1824 he immi-
grated to New Ih'unswick, and located in Bathurst, where he was
married and raised a family of three children — Richard J. C, Melville
de Blois, who is Lieutenant-Colonel of Militia and District Paymaster,
and Wilbeiforce. The father was appointed Magistrate soon after
locating in Bathurst, and also held an office for solemnizing marriages,
and one as tide surveyor. He came to London in 1851, and for several
years was engaged in the grocery business ; then engaged in the com-
mission buf! less, which he conducted until 1870, when he was
appointed sj; np vendor, and is still holding that position. Although

i»

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

787

living considerably over his allotted three-score years and ten, he is
still active, both bodily and mentally, and is filling his position very
satisfactorily. He has been an active member of the Methodist Church
for seventy-five years. His wife died on the 31st March, 186t), being
also a devoted and consistent member of the Methodist Church. Their
son, R, J. C. Dawson, was reared and educated in Bathurst, and came
with his parents to London in 1851, and July l.S, 1852, when in his
seventeenth year, entered the post-oflice as junior clerk, when there
were but four employes in the office. In 1860 he was appointed
assistant post-master, which position he held until ^larch 21, 1881,
when he was appointed acting Post-master, and June 1 of that year
became post-master. He is a prominent citizen of London, and during
his thirty-seven years as post-oflice official, has won the confidence
and respect of the public. He is a member of the following secret
organizations : — Encampment of I. 0. 0. F., Masons and A. O. U. W.
October 3, 1800, his marriage to Miss Jane E. Deacon, a daughter
of Willicim Deacon, was celebrated. The following are their children
who are living : — James H. 13., Mary A. and Annie J. C. Those
deceased are : — Jane W., Albert W., and Reginald J. C. The family
are members of the Methodist Church.

Lieut.- Colonel M. D. Dawson.

Lieut.-Col. M. D. Dawson, Paymaster of ^lilitia and Superintendent
of Military Stores for this district, was born in New Brunswick, and
received his education at a grammar school. In 1851 the family
moved to London, Ont, at that time a very small place, and shortly
afterwards young Dawson entered upon the profession of printer. In
1855 he went to St. Louis, Mo., engaged in journalistic work and re-
mained there for si.x or seven years, but the civil war interrupted trade,
and Mr. Dawson, finding that he labored under many disadvantages
from being an alien, returned to London, Ont, in 1861, where he has
since resided. He then started book and job printing, and was suc-
cessful, A few years later he became proprietor of the Prototype, the
oldest daily paper in the County of Middlesex, the paper becoming
through his etlorts a powerful ))olitical organ. It was the first journal
iu Canada that advocated the National Policy, which finally swept the
country, and neither money nor influence could swerve it from its
course. In 1878, Mr. Dawson lost his entire plant by fire, and carry-
ing but little insurance, his loss was a heavy one. The substantial aid
and assistance rendered him by the entire business community, irrespec-
tive of creed or politics, however, soon placed him upon his feet again.
He was married March 17, 1859, to Miss Eliza Jane Hannah, a native
of St. Johns, New Brunswick, who died in 1807, leaving two children,.
Charles M. and Leila S.

Mr, Dawson was married the second time, in 1869, to Miss Rebecca.

788

HISTORY OF THK

Jane Hearn, of Montreal, and fonr children are tlie fruits of this union
— Louis H., Franklin DeB., Mabel G. and Melville DeB. Mr. Daw-
son has served as a member of the City Council, and in benevolent
and fraternal societies has always taken a lively interest. He is a
Past Master of St. John's Lodge, No. 20, A. F. & A. AL, and for over
twenty years has been its Secretary. He is also Past 1st Principal of
St. George's Chapter, It, A. M., and is a member of Richard Canir
de Lion Commaudery. He has also held office in the Grand Lodge
of Canada. He was one of the originators of the Masonic Mutual
Bevevolent Society, and a Director from its first inception. For ten
years he has been its Vice-President, and he is at this time the oldest
policy-holder. He became a member of an Oddfellows' Lodge in
1861, and has held the position of Grand Scribe of the Grand Encamp-
ment of Ontario since 1869. He is widely known, and has assisted at
the organization of nearly every Encampment in this Province. Mis
connection with the Ancient Order of United Workmen dates from
1878. At the meeting of the Supreme Lodge held in Nashville,
in 1879, he received the degree of Past Gmnd Master Workman, lie
has also a military history, dating from the Trent affair and Fetu'an
raid, being stationed on the frontier during that campaign. In 18(j4
he was gazetted 1st Lieutenant of No. 2 Kifle Company, and October
5, 1860, Captain; October 5, 1871, Captain and Adjutant; August
22, 187.'i, Major; and October 5, 1876, Lieutenant Colonel, He is
Paymaster and Superintendent of the militia stores in this district.

Joseph S. Deacon.

J. S. Deacon, dealer in groceries, and a representative business man
of the City of London, Canada, was born in the Township of London,
on the 15th Concession, Lot 23, October 2.S, 1839. His parents,
Joseph and Margaret (Shoebottom) Deacon, were both natives of
Ireland. When a young man the father immigrated to Canada (about
1820), and met his future wife in the vessel in which they crossed.
He was one of the first settlers of London Township, locating on the
loth Concession, and was obliged to blaze trees for the road. He got
a free land grant for 100 acres and purchased 100 acres from his
brother. He commenced life on the pioneer plan in a little log-cabin,
and in this he died in 1873. The mother died in about 1876, They
were the parents of twelve children, only five now living, Joseph S.,
Ellen, Mary, Betsie and Isabella. The father liad followed farming all
his life and had been quite successful. He was in the militia during
the Rebellion of 1837.

His son, J. S., was reared on the farm, and remained with his
parents until thirty-one years of age. February 4, 1864, he selected
his companion for life in the person of Miss Jane, daughter of Thomas
Hodgins, and to them were born an interesting family of six children

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

789

— Maggie, Lizzie, Nellie, Thomas, Rebecca and Iscabella. In 1870,
Mr. Deacon came to London and engaged in keeping hotel on Carling
street, known as Queen's Hotel, where he remained for two years.
After this he ran the Fraser House for two years, and was in the hotel
business four years to a day. In 1874 he engaged in the mercantile
business, which he has carried on ever since, with the exception of two
years when he was in the shoe business. He has led a quiet, retired
life, and has never sought for office. Mr. Deacon is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, is also a member of the Orangemen National In-
surance and Royal Arcanum. He and Mrs. Deacon are members of
the Church of England, to which the whole family have belonged from
all the generations back.

Professor John F. Dean.

Prof John F. Dean, Magnetic Practitioner, London, was born in
Sandusky County, Ohio, in 1844, and is the son of John F. Dean and
the grandson of Thomas Dean, who was of English birth. The latter
was the inventor of the English patent-lever watch. When John F.
Dean was four years of age, his parents removed to Canada and settled
first at Simcoe, Norfolk County, and subsequently at Vienna, Elgin
County, where he was educated at the Grammar school at that place,
and for a short period was engaged in mercantile pursuits. During
the late war in the United States he accepted a position as clerk in the
quartermaster's department in the Federal Army at Washington, D. C.
In youth and while living in Vienna, he had formed a taste for the
healing art, through the acquaintance of Dr. Hanvey, late of St. Thomas,
with whom he studied for a time, and he afterwards became a pupil of
Dr. Crawford of Tiffin, Ohio, and also if Dr. Haney of Toledo, Ohio,
and for a time was engaged in the active practice of medicine. Prev-
ious to his going to the United States, he had discovered the wonderful
magnetic influence he was capable of imparting, and his attention was
■directed to the science of magnetic healing, and he commenced reading
all the best evidences in regard to it, and availed himself of all the
light he could obtain by investigation, travel and experiment, and
after practicing it to some extent he became so deeply impressed
regarding the merits and benefits of this treatment from personal obser-
vation of those who were suffering from causes that failed to respond
to ordinary medical treatment, particularly in individuals where the
pulse beats feebly, where energy was gone, appetite weak, and sleep
uncertain, the body being in a condition of actual low life, and where
nature seemed to have given way, strength and vitality were restored
by the system of magnetic healing, and to those who have given it
personal and unprejudiced investigation, the reasonableness of this
treatment in assisting nature is apparent. So confident was Prof.
Dean of its wonderful benefits, that he discarded all other treatments,
and confines himself to this system alone. And while unable to

790

HISTORY OF THE

account for the influence he has over disease, and for the remarkable
cures he has ])erfornied on individuals that physicians have pronounced
past aid, there are here in London living witnesses whose veracity
is unimpeachable, who will testify to the good results of his treatment
and the cures ellected wholly without medicine, relying solely upon
magnetism. The feeling his successful treatment has engendered in
the minds of many general medical practitioners has led to a series of
persecutions and prosecutions, the latter being before Police Magis-
trate Parke, and after hearing evidence and reserving his decision
until all the law pertaining to the question was fully examined, he
rendered a decision in favor of the Professor, deciding that there had
been no violation of the law in his method of treatment. He came
to London in ISSH, and has secured a satisfactory and rapidly increas-
ing practice.

Prof. Dean has in his possession a wonderful stone. It is circular,
and is about an inch and a-half across and a quarter of an inch in
thickness. Its color is brown, with white circular markings, and it
is susceptible of a high polish. On this stone, with almost perfect
figure, with mouth open and tail lashing, is a representation of au
African lion, so exact that even the long cat-hairs on the nose are
plainly perceptible. On the opposite side the figure is not so jierfect,
though, by holding the stone up to the light, the figure of the lion can
be seen extending entirely through the stone. The stone has been in
the iJean family for many years. Thomas Dean, grandfather of Prof.
Dean, was a diamond and jewelry merchant, of London, England,
and became possessed of the stone in 1807 in a romantic way. He
had been dealing extensively with the diamond merchants of Ikazil,
and while thus engaged made several trips to that country. AVhile
there he inteiposed and saved the life of a Peruvian slave, who had been
condemned to death for secreting diamonds, and in doing this became
the owner of the slave, who afterwards served him faithfully, aud
guided him in his wanderings through that country. The slave became
so attached to Mr. Dean that when he returned to England for the last
time, the grateful fellow took from his neck this stone, which he had
constantly worn as an amulet, and gave it to Mr. Dean as a parting gift.
The Peruvian gave a brief history of the stone, and ascribed to it
wonderful properties. It had been taken from a Peruvian temple by
stealth, and had been searched for far and wide by the natives, by
whom it was regarded as sacred. Should they discover the stone in
Mr. Dean's possession, they would not hesitate to take his life in order
to regain it. At that time the stone was a little larger than at present,
and at one end of the oval was a hole by means of which it was hung
to the neck ; Mr. Dean afterwards reduced it to its present size. It
was for a time on exhibition in the British Museum. Prof. Dean has
refused $500 cash for it.*

* The editor of thig volume has examined the stone with (treat care, and pronounces it a
wonderful curio. There can be no doubt of Its authenticity. Its irreat age, and its history
amoDK the Peruvians alone, render it very valuable and surround it with a glamour of
romantic Interest.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

791

John Dearness.

John Dearness. Inspector of Schools of East Middlesex County, was
born ill Hamilton, Ontario, in May, 1852. His parents were John and
Juno (Linklater) Dearness, both of whom were of Scotch birth. In
1.S49 the father immigrated to Canada, and here John, the eldest of his
four children, was born and reared. Until about 10 years of age the
latter resided on a farm near St. Marys, and then came to Middlesex
County, where his remaining boyhood days were passed. He availed
himself of the educational opportunities then open to him, and prose-
cuted his studies with satisfactory success until he was prepared for
teaching, which occupation he began following in 1870, first in a rural
school in r>idduli)h, and afterwards as Headmaster of the school in
I.ucaii until he received the Principalship of the Strathroy Public
Sc1io(j1. Jieing further promoted to a position in the Strathroy High
School, he taught there a short time, until the fall of 1874, when he
was appointed to his jiiesent position, the duties of which he is filling
with judgment and ability. Not only has he established himself
firmly in the estimation of all as a thorough instructor, but he has
always entered mind and body into his work, and as a result has suc-
ceeded far beyond his expectations. He was one of the editors of the
Royal Canadian Ifeaders, and was for three years a member of the Cen-
tral Committee of the Province for the examination of teachers ; he is
an honorary member of the Montreal Historical Society, and lecturer
on botany and zoology in the Medical Department of the Western
University. He was married in 1881 to Miss Emma Wilkinson, a
daughter of the late Leonard Wilkinson, formerly of Strathroy. Mr.
and Mrs. Dearness have a family of three children.

Charles Decker.

Charles Decker, an enterprising and well-to-do farmer, of West-
minster Township, was born A D. 1803, in Schoharie County, N. Y.
He \\as married, in 1827, to Ann O. Strander, who was bom near
Albany, of the same Stiite. They came to Canada in 18.">2, and, after
having resided in London Township four years, settled on his ])resent
|iroi)erty, viz.. Lot 0, Westminster. They were foremost workers in
the church, the temperance cause, and education. Mr. Decker was
very energetic in municiiial imin'ovements. He was the first who
agitated the abolition of tolls on the county roads, and, with the assist-
ance of others, finally succeeded in getting them abohshed. Tiie boon
was enjoyed only one day after the Act came in force, when, to the
surprise of all, the then new Council repealed it. Their abolition was,
however, afterwards elVected. Mr. and Mrs. Decker were the jtarents
of five children — Catharine, Tuiii.?, Elizabeth, Gideon and Egbert.
Tunis and Egbert died in childhood ; Catharine married F. D. Norton,
of Westminster Township; Elizabeth married E. S. Jarvis, Westrain-

792

UISTOKY OF THE

ster Township, and Gideon nmiTied Abi<;!ul Robinson, of London
Township. Mrs. Decker died in 1870, and, in 187M, Mr. Decker mar-
ried Mrs. Catliarine Wakefield Hutts, of New York State. After lier
deatli he married Mrs. liachel Stuart Northop, daughter of William
and r. Grant Stuart. Though not one of the first settlers in the
county, he was among the first in his neighborhood, and suffered the
privations common to the opening uj) of a new country.

Benjamin V. Demaray.

Benjamin V. Demaray, one of the highly respected citizens of
Adelaide Township, was born in the Trovince of Quebec, April 7,
1810. His father, Kichard Demaray, was born February 15, 1778,
and was accidently shot. May 11, IH.'JO. His mother, liebecca (Var-
uum) Demaray, was born in 178;!, and died in Ontario, in ISI'.I. His
paternal grandfather was born in Vermont, in 1754, and died in
Ontario, in LSoG. Benjamin V. was the seventh of twelve children,
five of whom are now living. In 181G the family removed from
I^ower Canada to Onttirio and settled thirty miles east of Toronto.
Mr. Demaray was reared on the farm and attended the schools in the
Township of Whitby. His teacher, William F. Morse, was a soldier
in the war of 1812, but left the United States, emigrated to Canada
and here taught school for twenty-six years in the same neighborhood.
Mr. Deni. ay began farming for himself in 1834, in the Township of
Whitby, and in 1850 he came to County Middlesex, where he settled
in Dorchester Township. Here he engaged in clearing land and farming
until 180 1, when he moved to Adelaide Township and settled where he
now lives. He is the owner of 100 acres of good land on the First
Concession, south of the Egremont Road. November 23, 183o, he
married Miss Rebecca Varnum, who was born April 15, 1816, and
died March 2, 1855. By this union were born eight children — Still-
man, Wellington, Lorena, Wesley, Abrara, Zemari, Jannett and Per-
cival, only threcj of whom are now living. Mr. Demaray was married
again in the fall of 1855 to Miss Martha Dicy, born in Westminster
Town.ship, Middlesex County, January 18, 1832, daughter of Richard
and Mary (Shaver) Dicy. Five children were the result of this union,
viz. : — Richard, Mary, Jane, Huldah Ann, Benjamin and Wilbur. Mr.
Demaray is a Reformer in politics, and M'hile a resident of Dorchester
Township was for eight years a member of the Township Council. He
was also Reeve from 1857 to 1859, is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church and is a highly respected citizen.

John M. Denton.

In every community and among all classes there are always some
men who become leaders in whatever occupation they undertake,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

793

whether ot a professional, agricultural or commercial nature, and these
men are the ones who, iicihaps unconsciously, take a prominent and
active interest in {)i'oniutin<,' any movement which may bo thought
capable of tending to the welfare of the county or vicinity in which
they reside. Such a one is Mr. Denton. He is a native of Northampton,
England, and he was born September 19, 1829. His father, .To.seph
Denton, and his mother, who.se maiden name was Miss Ann ("olenian,
were both of English birth. The father was a farmer by occujiation,
and .lohn I.. Denton .spent his boyhood days on a farm, and at the age
of fourteen was apprenticed to a woollen draper and tailor, with whom
he remained for seven years, and had but one employer ])revious to
embarking in business on his own account. In 1855, Mr. Denton
was married to Miss Ann Walker, of Somersetshire, England, and the
same year of his marriage he sold out his business and immigrated to
Canada, settled in London, and, with nothing but his willing hands
and hopeful heart, laid the foundation for his present successful busi-
ness. As circumstances favored he added to his resources for con-
ducting a business, increasing his facilities, until now it is recognized as
one of the most complete stocks in this line in Western Ontario, and
the reputation he enjoys is .second to no similar establishment in this
section. None but e.xperienced hands are kept, and no garments are
allowed to leave the store which are not carefully inspected and en-
tirely satisfactory to the customer. As a consequence, this house has
received a high jjopularity, not only in this immediate section, but from
patrons at a tiistance. Mr. Denton was deprived of educational ad-
vantages in early life, but by close application and extensive reading,
aided by intercourse with the business world, he has attained a well-
merited position among the intelligent class. Especially has he taken
a great interest in entomology, being a member of the society. He
is also a Director of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, in
which industry he is interested. He was one of the most active
workers in organizing the Young Men's Christian Association, and it
has received his support since. In all religious movements he is an
active worker, and his influence is always on the side of right. Mr.
Denton is a man of unblemished honor, broad but practical charity,
generous in his feelings, dignified in his manhood, and a man, who,
in every walk of life, has been above criticism or reproach.

George Dobie.

Prominent among the leading men of Glencoe, and among those
deserving especial notice for their public spirit and energy, is the
gentleman of whom this notice is given. He is a native of Middlesex
(Jounty, born in Ekfrid Township, July 25, 184G, and his parents,
David and Flora (McKea) Dobie, are well known among the prominent
people of Ekfrid Township, his father having served as reeve and

794

HISTORY OF THE

councillor of that townshij). (ioorfj;e roiiiiiiiicd with his ])ivronts until
ho hud attained his seventeenth year, wiieii he ciinn^ to (Hencoe and
bej^ai» clerkini,' in the business house of I). MoUae, v here he reniiiined
for five years. In 1.S68 he en<,'ii<,'ed in business for himself at (llencoe,
establishinj,' a mercantile and ^'eiieral commission business, which ho
conilucted for fifteen years. The same year lie was united in inarria<,'e
to Miss (}eor<^ina Gordon, an estimable lady, l)orn near the l.'ity of
Montreal, and they have lioru to their union a son and dau;Lihter.
In IHS."), Mr. Dobie bej»an the erection of the Traders' Hank IJlock, one
of the finest brick business blocks in the city. He was in.strumental
in securiiif^ for Glencoe the branch of tlu; Traders' IJank, and at its
pstablislnnent, in !8S5, he was ap]K)inted manager, which jiosition he
still creditably holds. Tti jiolitics Mr. Dobie is a conservative, and is
at present a member of the Municipal Council of Glencoe. He and
family worship at tho Presbyterian Church of the last-named village.

John C. Bodd & Son.

One of tho prominent indu.stries of any imjiortant city is its build-
ing interest, and tho manufacture of builders' sui)plies. Among those
prominently identified in the calling is the name that heads this sketch,
and a history of the City of London would be incom])lete without at
least a brief notice of John C. Dodd, who for half a century has been
identitied witli its interests, and who at tho ])rosent time is the oldest
conti'actor in \>m\\i of residence in the city. John ('. Dodd was born in
Northumberland, P^ngland, Sept. Id, 1812. His father, Gilbert, and
his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Charlton, were natives of
the 8anie ])arish as subject. John t.'. Dodd was reared in his native
jilaco until over fourteen years of age, when the family removed to the
extreme north of the Highlands of Scotland, where he spent his time
as a shojiherd and hunter. While emjiloyed as a .shepherd, he availed
himself of the opportunities of working at the carpenter's trade at inter-
vals, and thus familiarized himself in' the calling in which he has since
devoted his life. In 1S:!9 ho immigrated to Canada, purchased a lot in
Westminster and there remained until 1843, when he came to London.
Since that time he has been connected with building enterprises.

In 1878 ho built his pr(;sent planing mills, one of the most com-
plete and well-aiii)ointod mills in Ontario, and with facilities and the
most improved machinery for turning out all kinds of building sup-
plies in their lino. May 10, l8o9, Mr. Dodd married Miss Jane
Durand, a native of Scotland, and if their lives are spared until May
of the ]n'esent year (I88U), they will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary
of their marriage, and this, without a death ever having occurred in
the immediate fixmily, a record that cannot be duplicated in the
Dominion. They have a family of nine children (seven sons and two
daughters) — John, Mary Ellen, George, William, Donald, Edward,

COUNTY OF ^tII)DLKSKX.

•'.•5

^VftltcM•, Ilichanl and .Tune. Jnliii, tlio eldest son and nianaf,'('r of tho
busiiu'ss, was born in County of Middlesex, February 1!), IMO, and
was reartid and educated liere. lie (.'oninienced workinjj at his jire-
sent business undcir tlio supervision of his father, and in 18(14 became
n partner. He was married in October, 1H7-, to Miss

a native of Londrni, Ontario, and four children have been
l)orn to this union — .lane, William, Malxd and Ethel. John Dodd is
r member of the Inde])endont Order of Foresters. A marked charac-
teristic of th(! firm of J. 0. Dodd & Son has been their straij^htforward
nuvnner in conducing their business, and the interest they have taken
in the city and in worthy movements, which have never failed to
receive their support.

John Doyle.

John Doyle, one of the prominent residents of East Williams, was
born in the Township of Southwold on Jarniary 18, 1838. His father,
Lawrence Doyle, came to Middlesex County at an early day, and
settled in what was the London Di.strict. He was married in Middlesex
Comity to Elizabeth I'hilKU, daughter of Captain Wm. W. Philan, of
the Engli.sh army, who became the mother of four sons find four
daughters, our subject being the fourth child of the family. At the
age of twenty he embarked upon the sea of life for himself by going
to (.'alifornia. After three years' absence he returned to Canada. In
1870 he was married to Miss M. A. Doimelly, daughter of William
Donnelly, of Plympton Township. In 1H73, Mr. Doyle settled on his
])resent farm, which is situated on the Centre road, East Williams
Town.ship. Mr. and Mrs. Doyle have a family of three daughters and
one son living, all of whom, with their parents, are members of the
Roman Catholic Church. In 1881, Mr. Doyle was elected a member
of the Council for East Williams Township, which position he held for
four years, resigning at the end of that period.

William H. Davis.

There is no name in London more familiar to the older residents of
this city than the name that heads this sketch. His father, Henry
Davis, at the time of his death in ISSo, was perhaps the oldest active
business man in ])oint of residence in the city. He was a native of
Saratoga Co., N. Y., and was born in 1804. He learned the trade of
jeweler in his youth, and for years made his home at Niagara. In
1827 he came to London, and in 1831 commenced business on his own
account, and for fifty-two years conducted a successful business. He
married Miss Ann Jane McSpadden, a Canadian by birth, and to them
were born seven children, five of whom are still living — W. H., Joseph

796

HISTORY OF THE

W. (in Toronto), George C, Clara (now Mrs. Robert D. ^liller), and
Mary J. Those deceased are, Henry and Elijah. William H., the
eldest son and child, was born in London, September 2-A, 1837, and
was reared and educated in London. 1 le early learned the jeweler's trade
under the instruction of his father, and became familiar with all the
details of this occupation, lie subsequently became associated with
his father as partner, and at his death succeeded to the business, which
he has since conducted under the original firm's name, it being the
oldest established business in London. As heretofore stated, the busi-
ness was established in LS31, and the house is recognized as one of the
most reliable in the Province. The stock carried embraces a full line
of the finest jewelry, which is sold out at as low a margin as can be
afforded, and all goods are warranted as represented. Their store is
one of the best a))pointed in this line in the city, and no merchant in
London has a higher standing for probity and honor than Mr. Davis.
To his business he gives his personal supervision, and has succeeded in
not only holding the trade of the old firm, but has gradually increaseil
the magnitude of the business. Mr. Davis v/as married in ISfi.S to
Miss Eliza Green, a native of London, Canada. He is a member of the
Masonic order.

Robert Dreaney.

Eobert Dreaney, Deputy-Eeeve of London Township, Middlesex
County, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in April, 1821, being
the eldest of eight children born to Henry and Margaret (McConnell)
Dreaney, who were born, married, and reared their family in Coimty
Armagh, Ireland. The father was a farmer and game-keeper in his
native laud, and came tc Canada several years after his son, Kobert,
dying in Huron County. liobert Dreaney was reared on a farm in
the "Emerald Isle," and received a liberal education. When in his
twentieth year he was seized with the spirit of immigration, and accord-
ingly took passage in the sailing vessel " Sarah Stewart," at Belfast,
and, after a voyage of eight weeks, reached Quebec. He soon after
went to Cobourg, where he spent one year in learning the blacksmith's
trade, and then took up his abode in Toronto, where he resided four
years. In 184(3 he came to Londoti, and the following year moved to
what is now known as Dreaney's Corners, where he was engaged in
blacksmithing for about seventeen years, and also kept the post-ofHce
at that ])oint. In 1882 he purchased the farm of 110 acres, where he
now resides, and throughout his long and useful business and ottlcial
career he has won many warm frionds. He was elected Councih.iau
of Dorchester Township in 1857, holding the oihce eighteen years, and
in 1883 was elected Keeve of London Township, and has also held the
office of Assessor and Warden, and has been Magistrate tor over
twenty years. In 1844: he was united in mariiage to Mary J. John-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

707

son, a native of Toronto, by wliom he has eight children — Henry,
Eobert, John, Alfred, Anna E., ^lary, Margaret and Elizabeth. ]\lr.
and Mrs. Dreaney are members of the Church of England.

Capt. Henry Dreaney.

The gentleman whose name heads this sketch needs no introduc-
tion to the people of Middlesex County, for withni her borders no man
is better known than he. His father, liobert Dreaney, has been a resi-
dent of Ontario for over 47 years, and was born in County Armagh,
Ireland, in ISl'l. lie learned the blacksmith's trade in early life, and
in liS4() immigrated to Canada and settled first at Cobourg and then
at Toronto, where he resided about five years, and then took up his
abode in North Dorchester, where he conducted an hotel and black-
smith shop, and a small village gi'ew up around his hotel, which still
Dears the name of Dreaney 's Corners. In 1857, he was elected
to the Township Council, and afterwards served as Township Ileeve>
being elected Warden of Middlesex County in l.S(J7. Since 1857 he
has served as Justice of the Peace of Middlesex County, and has been
Postmaster of Dreaney's Corners (Crumlin) for many years. He has
also been County Master of the Order of Orangemen for the past seven
or eight years. In 1881 he purchased a farm in London Township,
and was elected to the office of Deputy Reeve. He was married in
1844 to Miss Mary Jane, a daughter of Benjamin Johnson, by whom
he became the father of nine children.

Henry Dreaney is the eldest of their children, and was born in
the City of London, Nov. 10, 1844, and here was reared to manhood.
He learned the blacksmith's trade in early life, which calling he fol-
fowed for 18 years, and then opened a store and filled the position of
Postmaster of Dreaney's Corners. From that jioint he came to London,
and has since been actively engaged in the livery business, which nets
him a handsome aimual income. In 1867 he was married to Miss
Catherine (Jraham, a native of London, and by her is the father of two
children — Laura and Thomas H. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, and is Past Master of St. John's Lodge, No. 20. In 1887
(Jubilee year) he was elected a member of the City Council, represent-
ing the Fifth Ward, and was re-elected in 1NS8, the duties of which
he has discharged faithfully and to the entire satisfaction of all. He is
Captain of Company No. 4, 2(lth Battalion of Volunteers.

W. I). ECKERT.

W. D. Eckert, Principal of the Rectory Street School, was born in
Prince Edward County, Ontario, August 10, 1833. His father was

798

HISTORY OF THE

of Danish descent, was a farmer and a United Empire Loyalist, wlio
came to Canada in pioneer times. He was a great friend of the
eminent Dr. llyerson, the celebrated Methodist divine, and was one of
the early Methodists, in which denomination he took great interest.
The mother, whose maiden name was Miss Lois Hare, was also a
native of Prince Edward County. Tliey were the parents of ten child-
ren, W. D. Eckert being the seventh in order of birth, and the fourth
son. He was reared in his native county, and in LSoS came to Dor-
chester. Ho received a liberal education at his birth-]ilace, and later
attended the Normal School at Toronto. When fifteen years of age, he
conmienced teaching in his native county, and subsequently he attended
the Normal School one term, and, with this exception, has taught con-
tinuously since. From 187G until the time of the amalgamation witli
London proper he was Principal of the schools of London East, and since
that time he has served as head master of Rectory Street School. He
has been twice married, first to Miss Mary J. Moore, in 1855. She was
born in Whitby, Ontario County, and died January 1st, 1882, leaving
four children — Mahlon W., in St. Louis ; Richard C, wlio is travelling
for the wholesale house of A. M. Smith ; William B., a student ; and
Eva G. Mr. Eckert selected for his second wife Miss Mattie Howden,
to whom he was married December 25, 1884. She was born in Wal-
pole, Haldimand County. Mr. Eckert is an able instructor, and one
who keeps thoroughly apace with the times. He is a good disciplinar-
ian and has been very successful in his calling. He is a member of
the Masonic fraternity.

Henry Edwards.

Henry Edwards, cancer curer, and resident of Lot 10, Concession 2,
was born in Lobo Township, January 1, 1827, and is the oldest man
living who is a native of that Township. He is the son of John and
Prudence (Finch) Edwards ; his father was a native of England and
his mother a Canadian. John Edwards was born in 1803 (June 20tli),
in Hannington, Somersetshire. He was a miller and a veterinary
surgeon. His father, Richard Edwards, was the first of the family to
come to New York, and subsequently to Canada, where he lived in
Norfolk County. John Edwards located in Lobo, on Lot 12, Conces,sion
o, and was a farmer and veterinary surgeon ; he was instructor (as
veterinary surgeon) to the late Charles Rudd, of London. He was the
first Reeve of Lobo, and held the position nineteen years, and was the
first collector of the Township ; he is still living. His wife was born
in Victoria, County Norfolk, December 14, 1802, and her jiarents were
pioneers of Nova Scotia. Her father, Fitus Finch, was born of English
parentage, lie was a .soldier in the war of the Revolution, fought
under the British flag, was in New York, and his brother and a friend
were under the Stars and Stripes. His property in New York State

COUNTY OF MffiDLESEX.

799

was confiscated, and he was taken prisoner. He was the father of
seven children.

Henry Edwards was one of the six childi'en born to his ])arents.
He served ten years as lieutenant and nine years as captain in the
militia. He was married December 29, 1847, to Eachel Harrison, of
London Township, daughter of Thomas and Ann Harrison. Mrs.
Edwards's mother was the first white woman who stepped on the town
line between Lobo and London. Mrs. Edwards was born February 3,
1(S27, and by her marriage became the mother of four children — Albert
(who married Elizabeth Shedden), Annie (wife of John D. Hodgins),
Fred, and James. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are members of the Metho-
dist ("hurch, and he has been one of the Official Board and trustee of
chiu'ch and jiarsonage property for the last twenty years. He has
been assessor of Lobo for nine years, was engaged in the insurance
business for twenty years, and was auditor for twenty-seven years.
Socially, ^Ir. Edwards is a Mason, is an Orangeman, is a member of the
Knights of ]\Iaccabees, and in his politics is independent. He has
over 200 acres of good land, has a fine brick residence, and is one of
the true jiioneers of the Township. In 1873 he began the study of can-
cers, and has cured hundreds, and is doing much good for humanity. He
holds the only piitent on earth for cancer cure. Henry Edwards also
taught school four years early in life ; he has been a justice of the
peace for the last sixteen years, and has been a commissioner in the
High Court of Justice for twenty-two years, Mr. Edwards has been
a very active man, seeing stirring times during his life, especially the
rebellion of 1837 and 1838, and the Fenian raid. His son, Albert,
was at the front all through this event.

The following are a few sketches and reminiscences of the early
life of Henry Edwards and his surroundings. In the year A. D. 1831,
he first visited the now City of London, and it was a small hamlet
built amongst the cedar and pine stumjis at the forks of the north and
east branches of the Thames, said hamlet at that time was called the
Forks. Many will remember its old pioneers, such as Moore, Good-
hue, O'Brien, Lawrasou, Askins, HaiTis, etc., etc. As for roads at that
time, there was none. The trees being blazed to guide the settlers in
traveling, with here and there a rude structure of logs spanning some
of the streams, others had to be forded. And as for the vehicles used,
they were as primitive as Adam's, simply a tree with crotch was cut
and thinned a little above the crotch, and the pole cut long enough to
i'orni a tongue, and a cross ])iece in rear of crotch finished this sleigh,
waggon antl all. The drags was made in the shape of an A with
wooden teeth, no iron was used in the construction of any implement,
as there was no blacksmiths. All the other implements of husbandry
and household fiu'niture was equally as crude in their general get-up.
No horses nor waggons in this part of the county until several year.«v
later. The first neighbors Mr. Edwards remembers, were the wild
animals — bears, wolves, deer, etc., etc. The howl of the wolf after

800

HISTOIiY OF THE

sunset was most hideous and bloodcui'dlinjr of his early life. The wild
Indian, more ferocious and savaj^e than his carnivorous quadruped, next
made his appearance in his wild costume of head gear of feathers, shirt
and breechclout, was all the dry goods they carried or possessed, except
the Indian blanket and moccsisins in winter. The early pioneers at
first ground their corn and wheat in the hollow of a stuni]) scooped out
for that purpose, with a flat stone used by hand, and made into bread
and mush in this state, except sifting with a crude sieve made from
s])lints or bark of trees. A little later on, the early settlers carried the
wheat on their backs to Hall & Woodhull's mills (and crude mills they
were), to get it ground into flour. Some of them went as far as St.
Thomas on foot to get a peck of salt, jiaying SI for it, and S4 a pound
for tea. In liS28, his father, in one day, traveled from Lobo to Vit-
toria, County of Norfolk, to work through harvest, accepting as pay
sugar kettles, shipped via Port Stanley, and these were the first brought
to the township, used in the old method of making sugar — a merry
time for the lads and lasses. The forest and streams teemed with
game and fish, but the early settlers had no guns, they usually killed
deer on the crusted snow in winter. Many a hard battle they fought
the deer and bear, single-handed, with their dog. Those early days
have passed, and the crude implements are replaced by all the modern
improvements of the present age of railways, telegraphs, etc.

Samuel Eichenberger.

Among the old residents and prominent citizens of Delaware Town-
ship stands the name of Samuel Eichenberger, who was born in the
Canton Argau, Switzerland, August 3, 18o4, and whose parents,
Samuel and Elizabeth (Metz) Eichenberger, were both worthy people
of Switzerland. The father followed the occupation of teamster and
farmer, and died in his native country at the age of fifty-two years.
His duties then devolved upon his son, Samuel, jr., who remained in
his native country until 1835 and then immigrated to Canada, first
settling at Hamilton. Soon after he moved to Komoka, Middlesex
Co., where he remained until 1861, when he came to Delaware Town-
ship, and here has been engaged in agricultural ))ursuits. In 1870 lie
purchased and moved on his present place, which is situated one mile
east of the village of Delaware, and consists of forty-two acres of well-
improved land, with a fine residence, outbuidings, etc. In connection
with his fanning interest, he also carries on an extensive pottery busi-
ness on his place. In the year 18r)5, August ;Ust, he was united in
marriage to Miss Mary A. Somerhalder, als(i a native of Switzerland.
Eleven children have been born to this union, three sons and throe
daughters now living, Mr. Eichenberger and wife are members of the
Presbyterian Church ; he is Conservative in pohtics, and is a member
of the A. 0. U. W.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Charles H. Elliott.

801

Charles H. Elliott, wholesale and retail dealer in groceries and
provisions, is the son of James Elliott, who was born in Scotland, and
in early life immigrated to New Brunswick, where he served an appren-
ticeship to the carpenter trade at Frederickton. In ISliS he came to
Ontario ; but, previous to making his home in the County of Middle-
sex, he lived for two years in Brantford. After coming to this county
he settled in the Township of Westminster, where he remained until
1844, when he moved to London, and was there connected with the
building interests of the city for many years. He man'ied Miss Helen
Breckenridge, a native of Scotland. He died in 1864, leaving, besides
his wife, who is still living, six children. These are named as fol-
lows : — John r>., (deceased) ; Ann, wife of George C. Dobie ; Charles
H.; Emily, wife of A. Greenless ; Harriet, wife of J. I. Anderson ; and
Henry M.

Charles H. Elliott was born in Westminster Township, March 28,
1844, and has been reared and educated in the city of London. He
commenced his business career in the store he now occupies, in 1860,
and has been thoroughly educated to his business. In January, 18G6, he
engaged in business in connection with his brother, John, and remained
thus connected until 1881. Since then he has continued alone, and
the patronage he enjoys is a good illustration of what can be accom-
plished by fair and honorable dealing. His trade has increased from
time to time until it has assumed its present proportions. Mr. Elliott
was married in 1868 to Miss Bhebe Farrar, a native of London, and
three children are the fruits of this union. They are named as fol-
lows : — James, j\Iillicent and Fred.

John Elliott.

A truth that must t rywhere be regarded is, that keen perception,
sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persevering and
continuous effort, will eventually result in success in whatever under-
taking one may be engaged. The career of ]\Ir. Elliott, so fiir as his
connection with the manufacturing interests of London are concerned,
bears out the truth of this stat(?ment, for he is at ]iresent at the head
of one of the most worthy manufacturing interests in the city. Mr.
Elliott was born at Shaw Head, parish of Bewcastle, Cumberland,
England, in 1820, and came to Canada with his parents seven years
later. They settled near Toronto, and he attended the common schools
until fifteen years of age, when he was sent to York, now Toronto, as
an apprentice in the mercantile house of George Stegman, where he
learned the dry goods and grocery business. During the Rebellion of
l8;37-'38 he joined the cavalry, and was in active service dining that
time. From 1840 to 1850 he was engaged in the dry goods and

802

mSTOUY OF THE

clothing business, spending part of tlio time with his father and four
years in Gait. In 1 ^50 he came to London and engaged in the
foundry business with George Jackson. In IS.'il the partnership was
dissolved on account of their property bciing destroyed by fire, and one
year later Mr. F^lliott i)urchased an interest in the Phtenix Foundry,
where he continued in business for nineteen years. He was in partner-
ship with Capt. Burgess for eight years, five of which the latter was in
Australia. They cast lots to see which should go to Australia, and the
lot fell upon Capt. Burgess. They agreed to continue the business in
both countries, which coinjiact was faithfully carried out, Mr. l^lliott
having charge of the foundry and Capt. Burgess of the gold fields.
Three years later the Captain returned, and the partnership was
mutually dissolved. From that time until 1879, Mr. Elliott carried on
the business by himself, and the same year took his elder sou into
partnership. In 1881 he built an extensive foundry and agricultural
works, which was burned down May 29, 1885, the loss being upwards
of 8150,000. Mr. Elliott is a man of wide views and much ohservation,
He has become quite familiar with Canada, having travelled througli
the older Provinces and Manitoba. In Ins religious preferences he is
Presbyterian. In 1853 he was married to Miss Priscilla, third daughter
of John Corson, of Westminster, near Lambetli. Members of the Cor-
son family were some of the earliest settlers of Canada, and they held a
prominent place in the social and industrial life of the community. To
Mr. and Mrs. Elliott were born nine children, six of whom are living.

Joseph H. Elliott.

Joseph H. Elliott is a dealer in hides and wool and general pro-
duce. For over twenty-six years he has been a resident of London,
Ontario, and is a man wlio shoiild be held in the highest esteem by
those with whom he has business relations, for he has ever been the
friend of the ])roducer, and the prices he has paid have been often
detrimental to his own pecuniary interest. Mr. Elliott is a native and
freeman of the City of Coventry, England, and was born Sent. 27, 18;i0.
His father, John Elliott, and his mother, whose maiden name was Miss
Sarah Harris, were both natives of the same place. Joseph H. Elliott
was the elder of two children, and was but five years of age when his
father died. His gi-andfather, on the mother's side, lived to be eighty-
five years of age, and his paternal great-grandmother lived to be 120
years of age. Mr. Elliott was engaged in the watch-case manufacturing,
and remained thus employed until he came to Canada. He married
Miss Sarah Howitt in 1857 ; she was born in Leicestershire, England.
They owTied the estate known as Shawberry Hall, which Mr. Elliott
sold previous to his immigrating to Canada in 1802. After settling in
London and making choice of a profession, Mr. Elliott selected the hide
and wool business, in which he has since been engaged, and until the

his da
the T
the
prospe
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he wa,'
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John,
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Miss I

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Mr. El

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He is aB

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

803

past year he was for a long time interested in the tannery business
with Mr. Arscott. The business career of Mr. ElHott lias been marked
as one of fair dealing, and his policy towards those with whom he has
long dealt has freqiuMitly been detrimental to his own interest, and
while he has met with heavy losses in consequence of the decline in
prices, his energy, vigor and confidence in the future are in marked
contrast to those who would have succumbed and given up in desj)air
from far less serious reverses. In 1X7 1, death entered his home, and
she who for so many years had Ixion the partner of his joys and
sorrows was taken away. She left three children, all daughters —
Annie (now Mrs. Dymond, banker, of Paris, Ontario), Alice Kate
(widow of Arthur lieid) and Sarah Jane. ^Ir. Elliott took for his
second wife, Ann Eliza Coyne, a native of London, niece of Dr. Proud-
foot, of London, and niece of Judge Proudfoot, of Toronto. By this
union were born three son.s — Harris Proudfoot, Charles Coyne and
George Roy. ]\Ir. Elliott is a member of the jMasonic fraternity, and a
representative citizen of the county.

John F. Elliot.

John F. Elliot, farmer, is a descendant of one of the sturdy Scotch
fimiilies who have done so much to settle up Westminster Township
and to build up the school and churches of the same ; is the sou
of John Elliot, and the grandson of John Elliot, sr., who was a Scotch-
man, and who by his marriage became the father of three cliildreu —
John, Elizabeth and Ellen. In 181.S, Mr. Elliot immigrated to New
Brunswick and settled on a farm, where he remained for eighteen
years. In June, liS.'JG, he moved with his family and settled on the
Second Concession, Lot No. 17, and here he passed the remainder of
his day.s. Mr. Elliot was a strong Presbyterian, and gave the land on
the Third Concession for the First Presbyterian Church. He died at
the age of eighty-four years, and was a hard-working man and a
prosperous farmer. John Elliot, jr., father of subject, was born in
Koxboroshire, Liddesdale, Scotland, and was but three weeks old when
he was brought to this country by his parents in 18lS. He received
a common school education, was reared to farm life, and was united in
marriage to Miss Agnes Beattie. who bore him five children — ]\Largaret,
John, James, Ann and William,

In 1852, Mrs. Elliot died, and Mr. Elliot took for his .second wife
Miss Elizabeth Nichol, and to them were born these children : — Mary>
A^nes (deceased), Thomas, Mattie, George, Andrew, Charles and
Robert. Mr. Elliot settled on the old homestead and here he has
since remained. He is a member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church.
Mr. Elliot has taken an active interest in building up the schools and
in the cau.se of education, and has held the oftice of school trustee.
He is a Reformer in politics, and is a substantial farmer, who has the

804

HISTORY OF THE

respect and esteem of all who know him. His son, John F. Elliot, was
born on the old homestead in Middlesex County, Out., in 1844, and
was roared to farm life. He received a <j;ood English education, and
was united in marriage to Miss Elizabetli Fleming, daughter of Thomas
and Elizabeth (Elliot) Fleming. Mr. Fleming was from Scotland, and
came to Canada, settling in Westminster Township in 1(S36. By his
mai'riage to Miss Elliot were bni'n two children, who gi'ew to matmity
— Elizabeth and Robert. Mr. Fleming settled on the farm, now owned
by our subject, in 1H45, and lived to be seventy-three years of age.
His widow is yet living. He was an elder in the Scotch Presbyterian
Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Elliot were born three children — Roberta
W., Florence F. and Alice B. Both Mr. and Mrs. Elliot are members
of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a Reformer in his political views
as on all important subjects. He is a good fiirraer, is yet in the prime
of life, and is one of the county's best citizens. Mr. Elliot is now
residing on the Third Concession, on the land formerly occupied by Mr.
Fleming, father of Mrs. Elliot.

George C. Elliott.

George C. Elliott, farmer, of Ekfrid Townsliip, was born where he
now resides, November 27, 1842, and is the son of Francis and Mary
(Campbell) Elliott. The father was born in County Monaghan, Ire-
land, in 1811, and died in Ekfrid Township, in 1878. His father
was George P^lliott, and mother Jane (McKay) Elliott. He w.as one
of six brothers who came to Canada in 1824 and settled in Caradoc
Town.ship, where he remained foi a short time, after which he moved
to Ekfrid Township. He here settled on Lot 11 (south half). Range 1,
north of the Longwoods Road, where the father passed his last days.
He assisted in su]ipressing the Rebellion of 1837-38, and was present
at the battle of Point Pele. His wife was born in Dumbartonshire,
Scotland, in 1806, and died in Ekfrid Township, in 1875. Her father
was Robert Campbell, of Rosneath, Dumbartonshire, and mother, Jean
(McFarlane) Campbell. George C. Elliott is the only child now living
of his father's family. He was reared to man's estate on the farm ;
received a good common school education, holding a certificate for
teaching, and has followed agricultural jnirsuits all his life in connec-
tion with stock dealing. He is the owner of 250 acres of land, all well
improved and well cultivated. He is a Reformer in politics; was
elected Councillor in 1868; Deputy-Reeve in 1869; and Township
Reeve in 1875-76, since which he has not been a candidate for any
municipal office. In 1878 he was a candidate for Parliament, but was
defeated, though he made an excellent run under the circumstances,
especially in the rural parts, against the Govertnnent candidate, with
only two weeks' canva.ss. He is very popular in his county, and is a
representative man. He was married in 1866 to Miss Jane Guun, of

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

805

Elgin County, and dangliter of Benjamin Gunn, Sutherlandshire,
Scotland, aiid Eliza (Currie) Gunn, of Argyleshire, Scotland who was
bom in LS-H, and six children were the fruits of this union — Francis
Benjamin, George (iunn, John ('aniphell, Malcolm, Angus and Chis-
tina. Mrs. Elliott is a worthy member ol the IJaptist Cliurch, and Mr.
Elliott an adherent thereto, and fire leading people of Ekfrid. Mrs.
Elliott's father immigrated from Sutherland, Scotland, to Fort ( larry the
first decfide of this century, and thirteen years later settled in Duiiwich
Township, Elgin County, and lived there until his death, which
occurred about 1846. Airs. Elliott's mother immigrated from Argyle-
shire, Scotland, in ISl'.t, where she was born A. I). 1806, and is still
alive, and resides in VVallacetown.

William Ellv/ood.

William Ellwood, merchant tailor, and an old and well-known
re.sident of Lucan, was born at Cumberland, England, October 14, 1836,
and is a son of William and Sarah (Lawrence) Ellwood, both natives of
tlie same place. The father was a tailor by occupation and trade, and
it was of him that our subject learned the business. In 1851 the
family came to Canada and settled near Lucan, where the father died
in ISSB, aged 72. Of a family of six children, William is the oldest.
In 18(J6 he established himself as a tailor in Lucan, being the first in
the village. The same year he was married at Grahamsville to Miss
Annie McGuire, who was born near Toronto. In 1883, Mr. Ellwood
was elected Reeve of the village, which position he .still holds. He is
an energetic and useful citizen, and for eight years has been a member
of the Town Council and School Board. He first joined the Masonic
fraternity by becoming a member of Corinthian Lodge, No. 51, at
Grahamsville, but after locating at Lucan joined Irving Lodge, No.
154. He is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Himself, wife and two
children, are worthy and active members of the Church of England.

George Elms.

George Elms is a contractor and builder. For over twenty years
he has been closely identified with the building interests of London
and vicinity, and no man engaged in this calling has won for himself
a more enviable reputation than he. He was born in County Kent,
England, in 1820, and was reared to the carpenter's trade under the
supervision of his father, who followed this calling, and became a
thorough master of the business. Impressed with the belief that better
opportunities were ofl'ered in the New World, he immigrated to Canada
and settled in the City of London, Middlesex County, where he has
been successfully working at his trade for over twenty years. Many

80G

HISTORY OF THE

of the li.iiulsomost and most substantial buil(linf.'s of the city wore
erected uiulor liis supervision, and all his work has been strictly first-
class. He was married in England in 1845, to Miss Eliza Peters, by
whom he has a family of six children — Henry George, Charles, Thomas,
Harry, John and Eliza. Mr. Elms is a member of the St. George's
Society, and his career has been devoid of any startling experience.
He has " jmrsued the even tenor of his way," endeavored to follow the
Golden Rule, and as a result can count his friends by the score. His
parents, Henry and Maria (Polton) Elms, were born in County Kent
and County Essex, England, respectively, and became the parents of
nine children, five of whom grew to maturity.

Richard Elson.

Richard Elson, butcher, and a man well respected and esteemed
by all who know him, is a native of Canada, and his ftxther, John
Elson, who was one of the early settlers of Ontario, a native of Devon-
shire, England, and also a butcher by occupation, was reared and
educated in his native country. He married Miss Mary Bird, of the
same ])lace, and in l.s;!3 they immigrated to Canada, settling at Port
Hope, where they lived until 1844. They then came to London, and,
after the completion of the market house, he rented stall No. 6, the same
now rented by the subject of this sketch, and here conducted his busi-
ness until his death, which occurred June G, 1880, leaving, beside his
widow, who still survives, six children — John, Mary A. (now the
widow of William Saunby), Elizabeth (wife of J. D. Sauuby), Richard,
William H. and James S. Richard Elson, the second son and fourth
child, was born at Port Hope, August, 1841, and came with his parents
to this city in 1844. He was reared to the butchering business, and
has since followed the same ; the stall now rented by him, and pre-
viously rented by his father, has been in their possession since the
market house was first built. He is one of the leading meat dealers
in this section, and is famous for the quality of meat which he always
has on hand. He is a thorough judge of cattle, and buys the best tci
be obtained, and has the reputation of furnishing prize meat fur the
holiday trade that has no rival. He is deserving of commendation
and patronage for his enterprise in catering to the wants of those who
desire and can allord such luxuries. Mr. Elson was married Uctobi'r
13, 1864, to Miss Mary Keeideyside, a native of Cumberland, England.
They have two children — Mary Ann and Edith. Mr. Elson is a
member of the Masonic Order, and affiliated with St. Job's, No. 20.

Coun
beth

PETER Elson.

Peter Elson, Reeve of London Township, was born on the farm
where he now resides, January 18, 1839, and is a son of Joseph and

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

807

Siunantha (Msii't) Elson, iiativi's respectively (if Canada and Vermont.
The |iateriial j^randfather was lioni in Germany, and came to Canada
at an early day, settling? near Toronto, where he became one of the
])ioneer settlers, and there spent the remainder of his days. .Joseph
Elson was a fanner by occnpation, and in tiie L'O's, ])revious to ids
marria<:;e, came to the Connty of Middlesex, locatinj.; on the farm
where liis son I'citer now resides. He pnrchased 2()U acres of land,
heavily timbered with beech and majile trees, and he immediately
Iniilt himself a little lot; cabin, and began clearing olf his land. After
a few years he made better imj)rovements, and eventually his farm be-
came one of the best in the connty. His death occurred in 1.S77, his
wife's death having occurred four years previously. Only thnui of their
seven children are living — Eliza J., wife of Joseph Jacobs, Peter and
Saniantha, wife of James Grant. Teter, the only son living, was bora
and reared on the farm where he now resides, and is the owner of 280
acres of a fertile and well-improved land, ftu'iiished with a good and
commodious dwelling and sjiacious outbuildings. In 1<S72 he was
united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss liebecca Wood, by whom
he is the father of four children — Florence L., Albert J., Paul ^\ and
Dora I. Mr. Elson was elected I)ei)Uty-lieeve of London Township in
1882, and two years later was elected to the odice of Peeve, the duties
of which oflico he is filling at the present time. lie has also held
other township offices, having serve(l as school trustee for a number of
years. He has always taken a deep interest in educational matters,
and is considered a good financier and careful business man. He is an
example of the self-made man, and in his intercour,se with his fellow-
men has secured the universal confidence and respect of all. He and
his wife are members of the Methodist Church, and he is Conservative
in his political views.

WALTER M. English.

Walter M. English, M. D., of London, Ont., is the grandson of
Noble English, who was born in Armagh County, Ireland ; was of
English parentage, and was a farmer Ly occupation. He came to
County Middlesex, Ontario, about LSI 8, and here married Miss Eliza-
beth Forsythe, wlio bore him thirteen children. He died in 1872
leaving six children — llev. Noble Franklin, Pev. John, Caleb E., bar-
rister; Hannah, wife of Charles Cook ; Lyman, barrister ; and Wesley.
Rev. Noble Franklin was born iu 1820, was reared in Middlesex
County, and after teaching school for some time, entered Victoria Col-
lege, ' ' ve he took a regular course. He was ordained to preach by
the jV. lodist Church, and remained engaged in his ministerial duties
up to the time of his death, which occurred in May, 1874. He
preached for some time at Toronto, Ottawa, Brockville, Goderich, and
St. Johns, London Township. He married Miss Lyon, a native of

808

lllSTOKY OK THE

Allianv, Now York State, luul to tlu'jn wmv l)orn two chiMrciii — Knima
and Edward N. Al'tor her death, Mr. Eiij,'lish married Mrs. F. (Jhap-
man, wliost; iiiuideii name was Wroiii,', wlio died leaving' four children
—Anna EHzalieth, dessica A., Walter M., and Frances Henrietta.
Mr. Knj^lish took I'or his third wife, Miss Charlotte Shaver, of York
County, Canada, and one child, Ida Louisa, was born to this union.
Mr. Ennlish's fourth marriaj^ts was to Mrs. Alartha Gentle, whose
maiden name was Dennis. She died in ISS"). Walter M., subject of
this sketch, is the only snrvivini,' son born to the .second marriage of
Kev. Noble F. Kngli.sh. His birth occurred in Goderich, Huron County,
November 1;!, 18(11, and since l(S72 he has resided in London, Out.,
where he received a thorouj,'h education. He then read medicine
under a preceptor, and attended the medical department of the West-
ern University for two years. He afterwards attended the Toronto
School of Meilicine, and {.graduated at the Victoria University in LS!SG.
He then went to Lonil(jn, England, and availed hini.self of the practice
ottered in the ho.siiital3 of that city. He remained one year and then
returned to London, Ont., where he has since been engaged in a very
successful practice. He is a member of the A. 0. F., the K. of V.,
and the 8. O. E. orders.

Colonel John English.

Colonel John English is a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland,
born duly !!•, 183(S, and is a son of James and Eliza (Armstrong) Eng-
lish, botli natives of the " Emerald Isle." The former was born
January 4, 1808, and died July 21, 1873, at Strathroy. The latter
v/as born July :!0, 1809, and is now residing in Strathroy. Their son,
Col. John English, is the eldest of four living children. He was
educated in his native country at a private school in Clones, and in
1848 his parents immigrated to Canada, settled in London, but subse-
quently removed to Strathroy. (,'ol. English came to Canada in Se])tem-
ber, 1859, but only remained a short time, when he returned to Ireland,
and after remaining there until 18tio, again came to Canada, and
located at Strathroy, where he has since continued to reside. For
twenty years he was engaged in the grain business, and contracted for
whut was then the (Jreat Western Railway. In politics he is an
ardent Con.servative, and for fifteen years chairman of the Conservative
Association of West Middlesex. In 1871 he was appointed clerk of
the Sixth Division Court, which position he still holds. Previous to
this, in 1866, he commanded Company No. 7, from Strathroy, of the
20th Battalion, which served under Colonel (now General) Lord
Wolseley, and for the last seven years commanded the 26th Battalion.
In 1878 he was united in marriage to Misrj Isabella U. Donnell, of
New Orleans ; born in IS'iti, and died July 20, 1887, leaving one son
and two daughters, viz. : — Arthur William, born 1879 ; Edith Isabel,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

HOD

liorn ill 1X84; uiul Victoriii U., boni in 1887. Mrs. Eii<,'liish wiis a
tliiHf,'litor of Williiim S. Doiiiudl, wlio is a iiutivo of County Tyioiic,
Iiulaml, born January, LslK, ami wlio in early life iininif,'rate(l to South
America, and latur to New Orleans, La, where ho was lor al)out thirty
years one of the leading,' cotton merchants. When the Kn^lish family
tirst came to Caiiatla, there were hut tliree male members of the family.
These were, Jam(^s and his sons I )avitl (who died in 1 iSiji'), ami James H.
After a lapse of forty years the male juemljcrs are a,t,'ain only three —
Col. John, liis brother James IL, and his son Arthur William. Col.
En<,'lish is one of the leading men of this county, and one of Strath-
roy's best citizens.

Frederic W. Errington.

Frederic W. Errington is descended from an old Norman lino of
ancestry, who came to England with William the Contiuevor, being
among tlie Chiefs of Beaufront for many generations. Heaufront was
the seat of Davi 1 Carnaby, Esq, in 1508, but it soon ])assed to the
ancient family of Errington. Their ancestor, William d'Errington,
was High Sheriir of the County of Northumberland in the reign of
Edward III. Another of the family. Sir Thomas d'Errington, was one
of the (,'onservators of the Borders in the roign of Hemy VI. Sir
Gilbert d'Errington was one of the i>arty with Edward IV., against the
house of Lancaster. Nicholas d'Errington died in the secontl year of
Queen Elizabeth's reign. John Errington, the last Chief of lieaufront,
who died in ISL'8, was the grandfather of Frederic W., and lived at
Ilighwarden, near Hexham, County of Northumberland, England, his
.son. Rev. Ealj)h Errington, being the youngest of his family. The
latter entered the English army as aide-de-camp of General Abererombie,
serving in Egypt against the French ; and after his return took orders
in the Church of England and held the perpetual curacy of Widering-
ton, being also curate of Ulgham, in Northumberland County, and, in
his latest years, vicar of ^litford. Margaret D. Watson became his
wife and the mother of fourteen children, whose names are as follows :
— Diana, Lucy (who died in childhood), Cuthbert, Mary, Donjthy.
Margaret, Kalph, Frances, Louisa, Ellen, John, Thomas, P^lizabeth and
Frederic W. The llev. R. Errington died in 1851, at the age of
seventy-six years, followed by his wife a few months later.

Frederic W. Errington, the youngest of their children, was born in
1824, in Northumberland County, England, receiving a good education
in the schools of Widerington and Ulgham, and at the early age of
fifteen years left home to join his brother Thomas, who had come
to Canada three years previously and had purchased a farm of
11)0 acres in Middlesex County, Ontario, on which he was living with
his wife, whose maiden name was Miss Lucetta Neville, a daughter
of Andrew Neville, who was an old settler of the county, and was a
participator in the war of 1812, being in the battle of Luudy's Laue.

810

HISTOKY OF THE

Thos. Errington became the father of seven cliildven, and in 1853 was
lost on board the steamship City of Glasgow, on his retui'ii from Eng-
land. Frederic W, Errington made his home with his brother Thomas
for three years, and then ])urchased a farm of KKS acres on the Sixth
Concession, on which he lived and kept " bachelor's hall " for some
time, being assisted occasionally by his sister, ]\Irs. Minchin Jackson.
In 1854 he wedded Miss Matilda D. Wright, a daughter of John D.
and Aim (Locke) Wright, and became the father of twelve children,
ten of whom lived to maturity — Frederic C, Matilda A., Elizabeth,
^Margaret 11., Frances E, William A., Dora L, Percy A., Ellen D., and
lialph W. At the time of his marriage Mr Errington sold the farm
on which he ha(1 been living and purchased his present place, which
now consists of . 50 acres. He and his wife are members of the Church
of England, and he has been warden in the same for many years, and
is holding at the present time the position of Ensign in the County
Militia. He has been a hard worker, suffering many of the privations
of tlie pioneer life, and is now a well-preserved and hale man of 64
years. On first coming to Canada he landed at Alontreal, sailed in the
merchantman " Frederick Young," and was the only passenger from
South Shields, England. From Montreal he went to Kingston via
Ottawa and the Rideau Canal, thence to Niagara Falls by horse tram-
way, on the railroad from that point to BuHialo. After a long delay at
tliis city, he went to Port liurwell by .schooner going from that city, to
St. Thomas by waggon, and then to IMcGregor's Tavern, which was
practically the end of his journey.

JAMES Essex.

James Essex, proprietor of the brass and iron worlcs of London,
Canada, was born in Cambridge, England, February 9, 1851, and was
reared with a mercantile experience. In 1872 he immigrated to
Canada and settled in London, where he eng.aged in brass work and
plumbing, and since 1882 has been engaged in his present business.
His career has not been without the usual anxieties attendant upou
the establishment of such an enterprize, but his energy, determination,
and many admirable traits of character have insured him success, and
his early efforts and experiences have proved of material benefit. Year
by year his trade has increased until it has assumed its present admir-
able proportions. He has always been scrupulously exact in the ful-
filment of all his obligations, and, as a reward, has built up within a
comparatively short time a thriving and already lucrative business.
He was married in 1878 to Miss Mary J. Mills, a native of London,
Ontario, and by her has a family of three children — May M., P^thel
W. and Huron J, Mr. Essex is a member and Treasurer of tiie Itoyal
Arcanum, and is one of the honored men of Middlesex County. His
father and mother, Philip and Rebecca (Morris) Essex, were both born
in England.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

Dr. William Evely.

811

Dr. William Evely, veterinary surgeon at Strathroy, and son of Dr.
William and Grace (IJraily) Evely, was born in County Devon, Eng-
land, Feb. 26, 1843. The parents were both natives of England. The
father was horn about 1810 ; was a leading and successful veterinary
.surgeon, and was extensively known. The family came to Canada in.
1857 and settled near St. Thomas, where the mother of the subject of
this sketch now resides on the old homestead, and is over 70 j'ears of
age. The father died in 1877. Of a family of six children, four now
living, Dr. AVilliam Evely, jr , is the eldest child. He received the
rudiments of an education in England, and after coming to Canada
continued at school for some time. He early took up the study of
veterinary surgeon, and March oO, 1869, he graduated at the Toronto
Veterinary School. The same year he came to Strathroy, and here he
has continued the practice of his j^rofession with much success, being
one of the most successful of his line in the County of Middlesex.
iJr, Evely was united in marriage in December, 1870, to IMiss Sarah
McPherson, of Lobo. They have two children — Ida M. and Howard
N. Mr. Evely is Conservative in his political views, is a member of
the Masonic fraternity, 15eaver Lodge, No. 83, is an honorable, upright
citizen, and he and wife are members of the Canadian Methodist
Episcopal Church.

A. G. FENWICK, M. D.

A. G. Fenwick, M. D., of London, has for the past thirteen years
been jn'ominently associated with the professional interests of the
County of Middlesex, and is deserving of more tliau a passing mention
in any history of the same. He was born in London, England, in 1818,
his ]«rents, Joseph and Margaret (Groigj Fenwick, being natives of
Northumberland County, England, and Scotland, respectively. The
fatlier was engaged in mercantile pursuit.s, and for a long time was an
extensive vessel owner; but, owing to impaired health, afterwards
abandoned this business, and about 1824 immigrated to Canada and
.settled in Quebec. Here Dr. A. G. Fenwick was reared to nuxnhood,
and after choosing the medical profession as his calling through life,
entered the McGill College, of Montreal, and was graduated from the
class of 1840. The same year he was appointed House Surgeon to tlie
Marine and Emigrant Hospital, (i)uebec, which he held five years. He
then went to England, and after an attendance at the Royal College of
Surgeons, was graduated from that institution in 184(). On his return
to Canada he was appointed one of the Medical Assistants at the
Quarantine Station, Grosse Isle, in 1847. He was for many years one
of tlie Governors of the (College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower
Canada, and in 1875 was induced by lUshop Hellmuth to come to

812

HISTOllY OF THK

London and take the medical charge of both the Ladies' and lioys' Ccil-
leges. In 1882 he was one of those who took an active interest in tlie
estiiblishmcnt of the Medical Department of Western University, and
occupies the chairs of Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxic-
ology, and also fills the position of llepresentative to Medical Council,
Toronto. He was married in 1!S48 to Miss Caroline Holmes, of Liver-
pool, England, by whom he has five children — Arnold, William 1.,
Caroline, Louisa and Frances. The Doctor is a member of the I. 0. of
Foresters and the A. F. & A. M. He has always acquitted himself
creditably throughout his professional career, and possesses those ([uali-
ties of head and heart which make him universally esteemed and
respected.

John Ferguson.

John Ferguson, of the firm of Ferguson Bros., lumber dealers, of
London, Canada, was born in OttaAva, Canada, of Scotch parents, Aug.
4, 1848. His father, Alexander Ferguson, was born in Inverness, and
was there married to Elizabetli McLachlin, moving afterwards to
Canada. When their son John was quite young, they moved to the
County of Grey, and here he was reared with a mercantile experience
until he was eighteen years of age, when he came to London and
accepted a position in the lumber business, and remained thus em-
ployed until 1878. In the meantime he had passed diH'erent grades of
jromotion until he became manager of the business, and at that date
le and his brother Alexander, who had also been emj)loyed in the
'. umber business, embarked in their present enterprise, commencing on
a small scale, and from the first have done well financially, and coni-
cianded a good trade. From time to time they increased their busi-
ness as far as their means would permit, until now, in addition to their
yard on York street, they have a branch estiiblishment on Hamilton
Koad, for greater convenience to patrons in that section. Their stock
is the largest and most complete of any similar stock in London, and
the quality and variety of their produce, together with their honorable
business methods, have combined to secure for them a trade highly
complimentary to their business ability, as well as to tiieir social
standing. They attend to the most trivial details of their busines-s,
and are gentlemanly and obliging in their relations with the pulilic.
Socially, they are members of the Masonic fraternity. They deal in
all kinds of lumber (dressed and undressed), lath, shingles, cedar po.sts,
etc., and give employment to thirteen hixnds. In 1878, John Fergu-
son was married to Elizabeth May Hobbs, a native of Devonshire, Eug.

JOHN W. FETHERSTON.

John W. Fetherston, organist Queen's Avenue Methodist Churcli,
and music teacher, of Loudon, was born in Longford, Ireland, in 18"iS,

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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

813

and is the son of John Williani and Margaret (Ellis) Fetherston.
natives of Ireland and Wales respectively. The father left the land
of his birth, immigrated to Canada, and settled in ^lontreal in IS()4.
He was engaged in the coffee and spice trade. Of the nine children
born to his maniige, John W. was the eldest. He was reared in
Montreal from six years of age, and early in life manifested an interest
in music, to which he has since devoted his attention. He has been
an organist in church since fifteen years of age, and secured his
musical education in Montreal. He came to London in 1885, and has
since been organist in (Queen's Avenue Methodist Church, and devotes
a great deal of attention to church and choir matters. He was married
June 23, 1887, to Miss Hattie Forsythe, of Dundas, county of Went-
worth, born December ijl, 1866, and the daughter of John For.sythe.
Mr. Fetherston gives instruction in harmony and counterpoint, voice
culture and tone production, and is one of the most successful music-
teachers in the City of London.

Alexander Findlay.

Alexander Findlay, engineer of the City Water-works, was born in
Inverness-shire, Scotland, December 14, 18r)0, being a son of Alexander
Findlay, who was also born in Scotland, and was a shoemaker by trade.
Ellen (Anderson) Findlay, the mother, was also born in the same place,
and she and Mr. Findlay became the parents of six children. In 1855
the family immigrated to Canada, and located first in Hamilton. After
our subject attained a suitable age, he began serving an apprenticeship
at the machinist's trade and engine building, and made this his calling
for the past twenty years. He worked for a long time with Kelley &
Co., and was foreman in the .shops in which the machinery of the
present Water-works was made, and he not only helped to build them,
but put them in place. At the time he was called to his present posi-
tion, he was with I'atterson Bros., of Woodstock, where he was filling
im important position of superintendent, and no man in this .sectioii
holds more complimentary letters and credentials for efficiency and
thoroughness than Mr. Findlay. Since November, 1888, he has held
the position of engineer of the London Water-works, the duties of
which he is filling in a very satisfiictory manner. His fraternal spirit
is shown by being a member of the I. O. O. F., the A. 0. U. W., tho
A. F. and A, M., and is Past Chief of Clan Sutherland, Woodstock,
0. S. C. He has attained considerable reputation as an athlete, and is
considered by all who know him to be an agreeable gentleman and an
honorable citizen. In 1872 he was married to Miss Mary E. Eandall,
of Hastings, by whom he has the following children : — Alexander^
Bertha, Hugh, Bessie and David.

814

IirSTOUY OF THE

William Weir Fitzgerald.

This gentleman is a barrister at London, Ontario. The history of
Middlesex County, especially that part whicli refers to London Town-
sliip, would be inconi))let,e without the name of Fitzgerald, for tlieir
connection with the early settlement dates back to a period which oidy
a few can remember, when the country was a comparative wilderness
and its inhabitants few and far between. In 1818, Edward Fitzgerald
came from Tipperary, Ireland, accompanied by his family, which con-
sisted of his wife and seven children, and settled in London Township.
The maiden name of his wife was INIargtiret Talbot, daughter of Thonius
Talbot, of Clonen ( "astle, and the names of the children were : — George,
William, John, Frederick, Esther (who married Edward Sale), Ann
(who became the wife of Samuel Howard), and Mary (wife of W. K,
Talbot, J. P.), still living in London Township. Three of the sons were
grown to maturity on their arrival here. They all settled in London
Township, and commenced making a home. The father had been a
manufactiu'er in his native country, but after coming to C'anada he
devoted his entire attention to agricultural pursuits. The locality
where they settled was given the name of Fitzgerald Settlement, by
which it is known at the present time. Frederick Fitzgerald (the
father of the subject of this sketch), the youngest son, was born in
Ireland in 1S03, and was about sixteen years of age when his parents
inmiigrated to Canada. He was reared to agricultural ]iursuits, and made
this his calling in life. He was twice married, first to Miss Aim
Culbert, who died, leaving five children — John, Margaret, Sarah, ;\Iary
and llebecca. Mr. Fitzgerald took for his second wife Margaret AVeir,
who bore him ten children — five sons, William Weir, Frederick,
Edward, George and James still residing in the Fitzgerald Settlement,
and five daughters, all married and residing near the old homestead.
The father of this large family held the office of Justice of the Peace
until his death, which occurred in May, 1882 ; his widow is still
living. William Weir Fitzgerald was born in London Townsliip,
November 23, 1845, and liis career fully illustrates the truth that one
of the most remarkable and distinguished characteristics of our western
civilization is the number and prominence of comparatively young men
in professional, official and business life. Among those who liave
made a success of life's battles, and who is deservedly ranked among
the progressive and leading citizens of their community, is the subject
of this sketch. His early life was si)ent on his father's farm, and,
although the occupation was distasteful to him, he labored faillifidly
in the uncongenial and exacting duties required of him, and spent his
evenings in poring over his books. He desired from his youth to enter
some learned profession, and finally settled on the law, and commenced
preparing himself for this calling. He first commenc<Hl reading with
J. H. Hock as jireceptor, and afterwards with S])encer, Pull & Mac-
donald, of Toronto. He was admitted to the Pai- in 1871, and since

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

815

that period he has advanced steadily in his profession, and is now
doing a large and lucrative practice. In the conduct of his practice he
has been faithful and laborious almost to a fault, no pains having been
spared in the preparation of his cases, and a thorough investigation
made of the points in dispute, the law bearing iipon the decisions of
the court and tlie testimony adduced, relying solely on his industry and
clever understanding of law, rather than on flashy, meaningless argu-
ments. Mr. Fitzgerald was married in 187."> to Miss Sarah Comfort, a
native of the City of London, Ontario. Ho has held many public
ollices find positions of trust and responsibility, and has come to the
front in every sphere he has entered as a contestant for public favors,
and is now spoken of for .still higher honors, in connection with the
representation of the county in Parliament.

Frederick Ardell Fitzgerald.

Frederick Ardell Fitzgerald, President and Manager of the Imperial
Oil Company, the largest enterprise of the kind in Canada, was born
in London Townsliip, Middlesex County, Canada, October 16, 1840,
and is a son of John and Eebecca Fitzgerald, who immigrated from Ire-
land to Canada in 1820, and settled in London Townsliip. Of a large
family born to their union, one son and five daughters survive them.
Frederick A. Fitzgerald was reared in Middlesex County, and received
a good English education, lie began life in the grocery business in the
City of London, and by unremitting industry, watchfulness and ability,
he soon built up a large trade, which is now conducted upon his own
proi)erty on Dundas street, known as the Fitzgerald Block. For the
l)ast seventeen years Mr. Fitzgerald's attention has been largely
directed to petroleum oil operations. He is largely interested in oil re-
fining, and is President and Managing- Director of the Imperial Oil
Company, a large corporation composed of leading oil men, and is also
a member of the firm of F. A. Fitzgerald & Co. He is largely inter-
ested in the production of crude oil, and owns extensive and valuable
producing property in Lambton Co. He was one of the builders of the
London Water-works in 1878. He is also President of the London
Furniture ^lanufacturing Company, which is one of the substantial in-
dustries of the city, giving employment to a large number of men. He
is also as.sociated with the manufacturing and commercial institutions,
and in every walk of life his career has been above criticism or re-
proach. He is a man of unbending honor and uncorruptible honesty,
and well merits the position he holds as a business man and citizen.
He was married to Miss IMary Edith, eldest daughter of ^lajor Charles
Jones, of this County, who came here from London, England. This
family circle consists of four children. Mr. Fitzgerald is a member ol
the Masonic Order, and is an attendiint at the ^lethodist Church.

The Imperial Oil Company, organized in 1880, of which Mr. Fitz-

816

HISTORY OF THE

gerald is President, is the lar<Test enterprise of tlio kind in Canada.
They have a paid uj) capital of.*'50(),000, and the Company's works at
Petrolea cover an area of over forty-six acres, while the one at London
extends over ten acnis. They have the most improved ])lant, and
stand unique, from the fact that they have their own wells, their own
steam cooi)era<,'e that make their own barrels, and are the owners of
the only ]ilant and machinery in the Dominion that manufacture their
own patent tin cans. They manufacture lubricating oils, paraftiiie wax
and candles in London, and their manufactures have a reputation
extending from Halifax to Hritish Columbia. There is perhaps no
man iu Western Ontario who, both directly and indirectly, is of greater
benefit to the substantial growth of the city than Mr. Fitzgerald ; for
the number of men who are employed in the various capacities of his
numerous enterprises alone contribute very materially to the substan-
tial business interests of the city. 'J'he Coiupany employ a large nuia-
ber of hands, who find constant and steady work. Their pjiy roll
exceeds the sum of fifteen hundred dollars (^1,500) per week, and
many of their men have been with them from the date of the organiza-
tion of the Company.

FiRNEY Flint.

Pirney Flint, farmer, was born in England in LS25, and is tlie son of
Eobert Flint, who was also a native of that country, liobert Flint was
a fisherman by occupation, and owned a fishing smack. He followed
this business for )nany years, and married Miss Harriet Pirney, daugh-
ter of ]\itrick Pirney, a Scotchmai\ He was a soldier, and had served
in America, and had charge of a fort in England in tiie French wars.
To Mr. and Mrs. Flint were born four children — Pirney, Mary, l!ol)ert
(deceased), and George (deceast'd). In IS34, Mr. Flint immigrated to
America and landed in New Vork. He left his family in that city
while he went to Pottsville to earn some money, having been robbed
before leaving England. Not retin'iiing as soon as exjiected, Mrs.
Flint became anxious, made in(piiries, and heard that he had died of
cholera. She then returned to England. In the meantime, three
days after Mrs. Flint had started back to England, Mr. Flint returned
to New York and found his family gone He then went to Canada,
settled in Hyron, and later .sent to England for his family, they com-
ing on in I806. Mr. Flint, not being successful iu business, left Byron
and purchased sixty-three acres of land where his son Piruey now
lives, 1st C'oncession, Lot 42. Mr. Flint was a member of the Church
of England, and was an honest, hard-working citizen. He died iu
1870 at the age of 7.") years. His son, Pirney Flint, was twelve years
of age when he came with his jiarents to this country. He received a
common school education, and learued the mason's trade, which he fol-
lowed until 1855. He went to Indiana in 1845, and from there to

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

817

California in 1850, coming home in 1855. He was married, about
two years after he came home, to Ann Elson, the daughter of John
and Mary Elson (of German descent), of London Township. To Mr.
and Mrs. Flint were born these children : — Charlotte Hannah, Annie,
Fannie, Mary, Eliza, Edna, Peter and liobort. After marriage, Mr.
Flint settled down on the old homestead, and there he has since resided,
with the exception of a short time when he was in Valparaiso, Ind.,
and was there engaged in mining until 1855. He then returned to
his present farm. Mr. Flint takes an active interest in all laudable
enterprises, and has been school trustee for a number of years. He is
a Reformer in politics, and a man of liberal views on all subjects of
importance. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and an honor-
able, upright citizen.

James H. Flock.

James H. Flock, barrister, has been prominently connected with the
professional interests of London for over thirty-three years. He was
born in Toronto on the (Jth of April, 1834, and is a son of William Flock,
who was born in Kingston, and settled in Little York (now Toronto)
during its early history, whose wife's maiden name was Mary Mc-
Avitt, a native of Ireland. James H. Flock received a liberal educa-
tion in his youth, and at an early day determined to make the practice
of law his calling through life, and I'ogan his preparation for this work
by a]iplying himself closely to his legal studies. He settled in London
in 1.S54, and was called to the Bar in 1856, and is recognized as one
of the prominent members of his profession, and is the fourth eldest
practitioner, in point of residence, in the city. He is a man who fully
realizes the truth, so often urged by the sages of the law, that of all
men the reading and thought of a lawyer should be the most extended.
In his practice he has been faithful and laborious almost to a fault,
and has spared no pains in preparing his cases, and has relied solely
on his clear understanding of law, rather than on meaningless argu-
ment. He has always taken an active part in enterprises tending to
benefit the city, and although of decided opinions, he has won the con-
fidence and esteem of all. In 1859 he was married to Sarah J., only
daughter of Murray Anderson, one of the early settlers of London.
Mr. Flock has associated with him iu business his son, E. W. M. Flock.

Samuel Flory.

Among the many skillful and successf ' -^ntractors and builders of
London may be mentioned Air. Samuel F. ' o was born in Wick-

liaiiiskeith, Suffolk, England, March 15th, ^ -oo, his father being
Dennis Flory, a bricklayer of that place, who married Lydia Ripper,

818

HISTORY OF THE

by whom he became the father of nine children. S. Flory is their
youngest cliikl, and in early life learned the bricklayer's trade under
direction of his father. He worked in dilTerent towns in En<;land until
1.S54, when ho innni<,Tatcd to America, and first went to (,'hicaj,'o, but
July 13 of that year came to London, Ont., and began working on tlie
Tecumseh House for Messrs. Green and Taylor. After working
as journeynum for three or four years, he commenced contracting, one
of his first contracts being the Huron Hotel. Then, in connection with
Mr. James Johnston, built the brickwork of St. James's Church, after
which he had the contract for the brickwork of the Bank of Montreal,
St. Andrew's Church, a large portion of the Car Works, Grand Trunk
Passenger Station, Oddfellow.s' Hall, Mechanics' Institute, St. Jame.s's
Church, London South, li"ge additions to the Asylum, Police Station,
Talbot St. Baptist Church, large addition to the Convent of the Sacrcid
Heart, and the Church of St. John the Evangelist, besides many other
buildings. He was the first contractor in London, and perhaps all
Canada or the United States, who paid full ])ay for short Saturday to
bricklayers. In ISHG he was married to Miss Eliza Elliott, who was
born in Besthorpe, Nottinghamshire, England, and by her became the
father of the following children: — Lydia Jane, of Tasmania ; Marian and
Hannah, who conduct a Kindergarten School, and are very successful ;
George, also in Tasmania ; Euth and Harriett ; four sons are deceased.
Mr. Flory has been a member of the I. O. 0. F. for over twenty-five
years, and is an an energetic and enterprising man, and a successful
builder.

John Forrestal

John Forrestal is a native of Newfoundland, being born at St.
John's, August 22, 184)), his ])arents being Gregory and Martha
(Wheelan) Forrestal, who were both boi'n in the same place. John
learned the cooper's trade in his youth, and after remaining with his
parents until 1868, immigrated to Canada and settled in London, where
he entered the employ of Mr. Hockin, with whom he is now associ-
ated in business. In 1870 h(! engaged in the business on his own
account, and carried on a successful trade until the establishment of
the present enteiprise, and like his associate, Mr. Hockin, is a through
master of his trade, being thoroughly conversant with all its most
minute details. He is known to be thoroughly honest in his busiuess
transactions, and the firm liave built up a trade highly complimentary
to their standing as shrewd and successful financiers. The establish-
ment is one of the most valuable and important in the city, and materi-
ally assists in upholding the reputation London has acquired as a
great business centre, besides being one of the most important industries
of the kind in the Dominion, both in point of magnitude and in the
quality of their products. Their factories, offices and warehouses are

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

819

located on Simcne street, and cover three acres of ground, giviui*
einploynieiit to at least sixty hands, a number wliich is often increased
in esj)ecially busy times. The factory is fitted uj) with all the labor-
saving machinery necessary for the production of their wares, and
turns out about 12,00(1 tight barrels and 3,000 ordin.ary barrels jier
week. Messrs. Forrestal and Hockin are practical coopers, and the
confidence which tlK^y enjoy from the public at large is a natural
result of their honorable business career. In 1870, Mr. Forrestal mar-
ried Miss liridget Pumjihrey, also a n.ative of Newfoundland, and by
her has the following children : — Gregory, Frank, William, Martha,
John P., Richard, Walter, Mary and Agnes.

Charles James Fox.

C'hfirles James Fox, Clerk of the Fourth Division Court for Mid-
dlesex County, was born in the County of Dorsetshire, England, Nov.
1, ISoI), and is the son of John Fox, a surgeon at Weymouth. He
grew to manhood in his native land, assisting his father in his practice
at Weymouth, and in lS5(i came to Canada, located in Delaware
Townshi}), where he engaged in farming. In 1870 he was appointed
Clerk of the Court, succeeding Mr. William Bullen, and in February,
JS76, he was ajjpointed Treasurer of the Township of Delaware, and
still holds that ])osition. He now resides just east of the Village of
Delaware, where he has a i)leasant home. In 1858 he married Miss
M. 0. Girdlestone, who was born near Toronto, and to them have been
born eleven children, nine now living. Mr. Fox and family worship
at the English Eiiiscopal Church, in which for many years he acted aa
Warden, and always took an active interest in the same, and in 18cS4
he took an active part in looking after the building of the new church,
which is a handsome brick building. He was also School Trustee
for several years. ^Irs. Fox died in the summer of 1888. She was
a good woman, and was universally respected by all who knew her.

William Francis

William Francis, Treasurer of Caradoc Township, came to Middle-
sex County with his jiarents in 1839. He was born near Toronto in
18.3;!, and is the son of Henry and Maria (Black) Francis, both natives,
of the " Emerald Isle." The father made several trips to this country
when a young man, and after returning to his native heath was united
in marriage to Miss Black, who returned with him to this country,
locating in York, where for some tinje Mr. Francis was engaged in
farming. He then moved to Albion Township, j)urchased land and
remained there several years, and in 18o9 moved to Caradoc Town-
ship, where he purchased 100 acres of land. On February 14, 1842,

820

niSTOKY OK THE

he met liis death by a falling tree. He was the father of seven child-
ren, Williiim Francis being the sixth. All these children are living
and are residents of this township. William Francis received
meagre educational advantages, but, by iiis own exertions and by ol)aer-
vation, he is considered a well-informed man. On the first of January,
1861, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Hateman, of Cara-
doc Townshij), and the daughter of Charles and Mary Hateman, both
natives of Ireland. Her ])arents wen; early settlers of this townshij),
and both died several years ago. To Mr. and Mrs. Francis have Ixien
born six children — Kobert H. (who died in infancy), Charles 15., Mary
M.. Annie, Hester 15, and Willie (who died in infancy). Mr. Francis
and wife are mend)ers of the Church of England, and are niuoli
esteemed citizens. They have a tine residence at Mt. Brydges, and
are in a condition to enjoy the fruits of their labor. Mr. Francis is a
Reformer in politics, has held several township oflices, and has held
the oflice of treasurer of Caradoc Township for eight years.

HON. James H. Fraser.

Hon. James H. Fraser, of the firm of Fraser & Fraser, barristers, of
London, Canada, was born in the Townshiji of Westminster, County of
Middlesex, in the month of February, 1842. His ])arents, Donald and
Jane (Martin) Fraser, were born in Inverness, Scotland, and County
Down, Ireland, respectively. They were married in the " Emerald
Isle," and in LS33 immigi'ated to Canada, settling in Middlesex County,
where he purchased a farm of 200 acres, in a very wild state, but soon
had it under good cultivation. The father was a Colonel in the Militia,
and took an important ])art in the Rebellion of 18.')7, and also held a
commission as Captain of the Scotch Volunteers. He was a Conserva-
tive in his political views, and a member of the Presbyterian Church.
He died in 1861. His widow still survives him, and is 76 years of
age. She is a sister of the celebrated John Martin, who took jiart in
the Irish trouble of 18. "18, and was a member of the English Parlia-
ment at the time of his death. To Mr. and Mrs. Fraser eleven children
were born, nine of whom are living. James H. Fraser was reared in
AVestminster Townshi]), and lat the age of fifteen years began tlie study
of law in the office of Judge Elliot, and at the end of five years was
called to the Bar. He immediately formed a partnership with
Judge Elliot, which was continued until the latter was elevated to
the J3ench in June, INGO, and, after practicing alone for some time,
formed a partnership with his brother, M. D. Fraser, who was admitted
to the Bar in 1872, and the firm has since been known as Fraser &
Fraser. In 187"), Mr. Fraser was elected to the House of Conimon.s,
•which ])Osition he held until 1878, when he declined renomination.
He was appointed Queen's Counsel, Oct. 26, 1885, and is filling the
duties of that office very acceptably. He was married in June, 1871,

COUNTY OF MinOLESKX.

821

to Sophiix, oldest daughter of Jti(l<je Elliot, by whom he ia the father
of three childrL'ii — Florence, William K., and Kathleen. Mr. Krasor
is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and he and his brother are
solicitors for the Bank of British North America, the Masonic Temple
(.'ompany and several mercantile finns.

John Fulcher.

John Fulcher, of Loudon, Ontario, is the pro])rietor of the Tally-ho
Stables, and is teacher of ridiu},' at Hellmuth ("oUege. Few men have
ever engaged in a new enterprise in London and met with a more
favorable reception than Mr. Fulcher, who was born in Loudon, Eng-
land, in 1850. His father, Isaac Fidclier, was also born in London,
England, and was a breeder and trainer of fine horses, in which busi-
ness he ac(piired a wide reputation. His son inherited from his father
a fondness for horses, and at an early day took an interest in their
management, and from the early age of ten years has devoted his time
and attention to handling and training both racing and hunting horses.
Li 1884 he was induced to come to London, Canada, as an instructor
in horsemanship of Hellmuth College, a position he is still fdling. He
also has a riding school in the city, which fully occupies all the time
he can spare from his other duties, and not only has he awakened an
interest in graceful riding, but he also inaugurated the London Hunt
Club, which has proven a decided success under his management, and
is fast gaining popularity. As an instructor in riding he is without a
rival in the Hominiou, and his stable is one of the best a])pointed to
be found in Ontario, and is largely patronized. His stock has been
carefully selected for the purpose intended, and he is noted for his
courteous and obliging disposition, and his desire to anticipate the wants
of the public.

Robert Galbraith.

Kobert Galbraith, another well-to-do farmer of Adelaide Township,
is a native of the " Emerald Lsle," born November 17, 18-1:3, son of
Kobert and Alice (Denison) Galbraith. His father was born in Ire-
land in 1814, and died in Adelaide Townshi|) in 1874. He first came
to Canada in 18.Sr), where he remained for three years, after which he
returned to Ireland. In 1847 he again returned to Canada, settled in
Adelaide Township on Lot 6, Concession 4, south of the Egremont road,
where he passed the remainder of his life. The mother was also a
native of Ireland, and died in Adelaide Township in 1804, at the age
of 48 years. Kobert Galbraith, jr., is the third of five children born to
his father's first marriage. He was reared on a fiirm, educated in the
country schools, and tilling the soil has been his life-long employment.

822

HISTORY OF TIIK

In 1808 ho settled where he now livtis, and where he has a well-irn-
}ir()V('d farm nt' L'Od acres. In 1872 ho was united in niarriai,'e to Miss
Elizabeth liaire, who was also l)orn in Ireland. They have ci^lit
children — David, Alici; Sarah, Man^'aret, liohert Thomas. .James,
Kachcl, Kdwartl and William .Toseph. He has lived on the .same farm
ever since comint,' to Canada; can ri'memher when the .sickle was n.seil
in reaitinj,' the ^'Uiin, and has seen the country j^row and develo|i to its
present prosiierous condition. He is a nionibcr of the Alcthoilist
Church of Canada, and i.s Liberal in politics.

JOSHUA G ARE ATT.

Joshua Carratt, a skillful builder, of London, Ontario, was bom
December 1, LS4!I, in Leicester, En<^land, his father, Itobert, beinj,' a
native of the same place, and also a builder by traile. The latter
was married to Lucy Hurst, who died in 1854, and by her became the
father of the following family of children : — John, Joshua, Thomas and
Lucy. Joshua was reannl in his native land, and there resided until
August, 1.S7<>, when 'a immigrated to Canada, thinking to better his
condition. After working as a journeyman until 187o, he started in
business for himself in company with Flory, Wattam & Goldsmith,
in building the Oddfellow.s' Hall, the Grand Trunk Station on Bathurst
street, and the greater portion of the Car- works ; Goldsmith & Garratt
built the Masonic Temple and High School, McCormick's residence,
Benj. Croi;yn's residence, C. V. Goodhue's residence, Masuret's, the
Bishop of Huron's, the Simcoe Street School building, and many others.
In 1886 he was elected to the City Council from tlie Fourth Ward,
previou.sly known as the old Sixth Ward. On the 1 st of June, 1872,
he was married to Miss Lucy Read, who was born in County SutVolk,
England, and by her has six children — Gertrude, Grace, Frederick,
Ernest, Lucy and Charles. IVIr. Garratt belongs to the Ancient Order
of Foresters, and is a Koyal Arch Mason, St. John's Chapter, No. 3,
Richard Creur de Lion Commaiulery. In 1888 he was elected to the
position of Alderman of the Fourth Ward, filling the duties of the
office very efticiently, and in every calling of life has been a con-
scientious worker and an honorable man.

William M. Gartshore.

William M. Gartshore was born in Dundas, Ont., April 3, 18r)3,
Ids parents, John and Margaret (Moir) Gartshore, being natives of
Scotland. The father was an iron manufacturer, and was one of the
first to engage in that industry west of Kingston. William M. Gart-
shore was reared in Dundas, and his primary education was supple-

COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

82;{

TiKMitcd at Gait Cnlloj^c. Ho Icaiiiod iron inamifacturi!ii» in his
fatliov'fl t'stahli.shniLMit, and in iMT.'i caiU'! to London, and for threo
years was manai^iM' of the London Car Wheel Coin))any, and then be-
cajne ooiuieotwl with the McClary Manufadnrinj,' Coin])any, heinj^
made Secretary of the same in 1H78, and Viee-Presidi'iit and Manager
in \HH\), and is now fdlin^ this position. He has held a commission in
the 7th Fnsiliers since LS74 (and is at present ^Lljor of that rej,'inient),
and for three years jn'ovious to this was connected with tht; " Qneen's
Own," of Toronto, iMr. (iartshore was married in lN7t'i to MissCassie
McClary, a danj;hter of dohn McClary, and by her is the father of one
child, Edna. He is one of the risiiij^ yonng business men of Loiulon,
and commands the respect and esteem of all who know him.

JosErn Gatecliff.

Illustrating the possibilities of this country for young men without
means or influence but character aiul determination, ability iind indus-
try to succeed, a most striking example is atlbrded in the life and
career of the; subject of this sketch. Joseph GatecliH' was born in
Yorkshire, England, ^larch ."U, lSo'2, and is the son of George and
Mary (Smith) GateclilV, both natives of Yorkshire. England. Of their
seven children, Joseph GateclilV is the youngest .son but one. When
eleven years of age he coinmencetl working at the butchering business,
and this calling he has since followed. ] le became imja'cssed with the
belief that America afforded better inducements for a young man to
succeed in life, and as a consiiiuence he came to Canada in l.S7'l lu
1S72, before leaving his native country, Mr. Gatecliff was married to
Miss Ellen Uickerdike, a native of Yorkshire, England. They have
live children — George, Joseph H., Charles 11, Lovina and Alfred.
After coming to Canada, Mr. GateclitV at once found employment at a
small salary, and worked with a will to make his family comfortable.
He continued working for others until 1881', when he engaged in the
business for himself, and since that time the career of no business man
ill London has been more marked. His trade has been of a steady
and increas'Mg growth, and he has added from time to time as his
surroundings demanded. He has now all the improveii conveniences
for conducting the business, and it may be here stated that a more
complete and better equipped market cannot be found. Mr. Gatecliff
is an excellent judge of meat, and buys to the best advantage, always
having on hand the most desirable stock for the customers. He re-
ceives and merits the respect and confidence of all who know him.
What he has accumulated has been by industry, economy and good
management, and he now has a comfortable competency to conduct
liis successful and prosperous business. He is a member of the L O.
0. v., Independent Order of Foresters, Canadian Order of Foresters
and Royal Arcanum.

824

HISTOKY OF THE

H. E. Gates.

Among the many enterprises to which London is indebted for its
good name as a business centre, may be mentioned the Canada Life
Assurance Company, whicli ranks among the representative enter-
prises of liie Dominion. The o}ierations of this institution extend
through all ])arts of Canada, and its business transactions more than
double '".lat of any three Companies put together. The Canada Life
Assurance Comjiany was established in l.S-i7, with head(|uarters at
Hamilton, and from its inception until the jiresent time, the career of
the Company, under careful conservfitive management, has proven a
successful one, as may be inferred from the fact that tlie capital and
funds of the Company at this date is over 610,000,000, and their
annual income is over §1,700,000. This Company issue on all
approved systems, having a thoroughly sound financial basis, and on
Assurance by ten annual payments for a policy payable at death, at
rates which no rival can beat. This is essentially a national institu-
tion of which the people may well be proud, and all who have the
interest of home institutions at heart should, without hesitation, accej)t
the liberal terms in insurance oflered by the Company. Tiie execu-
tive officers are : — A. G. liamsey, President ; F. W. Gates, Vice-Presi-
dent; R. Hills, Secretary ; and Alex. Ramsey, Superi) tendeiit ; while
the list of Directors embrace some of the most prominent business
men and ca])italists of the Dominion, sufficient in itself to form a
guarantee of success to any enterjjrise. The London Branch of this
establishment is under the supervision of H. E. Gates, under whose
able administration the business of the Company is well looked after.

John Geary.

John Geary, oil manufacturer, farmer, and stock raiser of London
Township, Middlesex County, was born on the farm on which he now
resides on the 2nd of March, 1838, and is a son of John and Elixa
(Haskett) Geary, both of whom were born in County Tipperary, Ire-
land. The father came to Canada with his ])arents when lie was about
wWelve years of age (in 1812), and settled with them on a farm in
Middlesex (Jounty, Ontario, where he spent the remaindc; of his days ;
his death occurring on the 24th of May, 187:1 He was a contractor
by occupation, and he and his uncle, William G. Geary, who came to
Canada at the same time he did, built the most of the public woiks
for the Government throughout Canada. Both served in the Rebellion
of 18.17, John Geary attaiiing the rank of Major. He became the
father of eight children, seven of whom are living — George, a resident
of Mis.souri; William, at Sacramento, Cal. ; John; Mary J., wife of
Justus Ingersoll ; Theoi)hilus J. (deceased); Bessie, wife of Rev, K. T.

,rr^

COUNTY OF MIDULESKX,

825

Dixon of Tilsonbui't:; ; llobert, a resident of London Townshiy); and
llicliard, a druggist at Savnia. Tlie paternal grandfather first became
a resident of Middlesex County when the country was almost a wilder-
ness, inhabited by all kinds of wild game. He took a free land grant
of 100 acres, built him a little log cabin and began clearing his land.
Here he lived for many years, but made some valuable improvements
before his death, which occurred December 2, 1851'. John Geary,
whose name heads this sketch, was reared on the old homestead,
receiving his primary education in the Grammar Schools of London
and (ioderich, supplemented by a law course under D. M. Thompson
of London, which course he finished in Toronto. In 1862 he began
the practice of his ))rofession, which he continued until 18G8, then
gave it up entirely to engage in the manufacture of oil at London.
A partnership was formed with J. K. Minhinnick and George Mon-
crieff", the firm taking the name of Minhiiniick, Geary & (Jo., manufac-
turers of petroleum oil, which continued until 187o, when they sold
out, Mr. Geary and Mr. Minhinnick re-engaged in the business shortly
after, and have done a prosperous business uj) to the present time.
^Ir. Geary has also 'ven his attention to farming and stock raising,
and has one of the finest herds of cattle in Canada, they being of the
I'olled-Aberdeen Angus breetl. His horses are imported English 8hire,
and his sheej), Lincoln and Shropshire — all registered. He was engaged
in buying aTid selling stock until a short time ago, when he turned his
attention to the dairy business, and now has 160 fine cows, which he^
milks twice a day, a portion of which goes to the city, and the rest to
his cheese-factory, which was erected in 18.^"], and turns out about
eighty tons of cheese annually. Mr. Geary is the owner of 286 acres
of land in one tract, where he lives, and 100 acres in another, making
him one of the extensive and wealthy landholders of the county.
His residence, which was erected in 1883, is one of the handsomest in
the township, is beautifully situated and surrounded by trees. He has
never taken part in politics, with the exception o*" assisting his friends
to office; but is a staunch Con.servative. In 1864, his marriage with
Miss Mary M. Smart was celebrated. She was born in Scotland, is a
member of the Episcopal Church, and the mother of two daughters —
Isabel P. E., and Alice.

Robert Geary.

Robert Geary, stock dealer and importer of fine horses, was born
in the Town.ship of London, Middlesex County, October 3, 1847, and
i.s the son of John and Eliza (Haskett) Geary (a short history of whom
is given in the sketch of John (reary). Robert Geary ac(iuired a good
education in the common schools and schools of London, which enabled
liim to understand the principles of covuuercial life, and insured his
success in after years. He remained on the h^^me farm with his parents

V Vm

826

HISTORY OF THE

until his marriage, tlien located and still lives on the farm which his
father cleared, it bein<^ originally heavily tiinl)ered. When he was
about fourteen yetirs of age, his In'others all loft home, and he was left
to manage the liome farm as best he could. After seven years'
liard labor, lie was married and came to his present homo ; but soon
after, his house, which was a frame, caught lire and was burned to the
ground, one of his hired men being burned to death in that conflagra-
tion, and anoth(!r barely escaping with his life, even witli Mr. Geary's
assistance. About one year later, Mr. Geary erected his present
residence, a handsome two-story briclc, which is very pleasantly
located in a grove of forest trees. For several years jiast he has
given his attention alino.st entirely to rai.sing fine stock, and has .some
exceptionally fine Clydesdale and English Shire h(irs(!S, and Lincoln-
shire sheep. He goes west about twice a year (into Utah, Montana,
and other territories of the United States), to sell his stock, whicli
necessitates his absence from home the most of the time, and his busi-
ne.ss transactions in those regions have been very satisfactory. His
farm is very valuable for its grazing facilities, its location, and for its
si)acious and substantial residence and outbuildings. Mr. Geary is a
gentleman well adapted for the business in which he is engaged, owing
to his intelligence, energy and love for animals. On account of his
many sterling business and social qualities, he has won many friends,
who have shown their appreciation of his many excellencies by electing
him to a number of offices of trust. He was elected to the office of
assessor in 187'.*, which jiosition he held two years, and during 1877
and 1S78 was a meml)er of the Township Council. He is Past Grand
in (he Masonic fraternity, and is, also, a member of the Indejiendent
Order of Oddfellows. On October 7, 1880, he was married to Mi.ss
Eleanor Collins, by whom he has three little daughter.? — Eleanor L.,
Anna I., and ]\Iary B.

William Geddes.

AVilliam Geddes, nf the firm of Geddes Bros., dealers in dry goods,
clothing, ca. pets, millinery, etc., Strathroy, was born in London, Ont.,
in 1851. His father, James Geddes, died in 1H~)9, and those who
knew London before that ilale, well remember him as an active, pro-
gressive, business man. William received his early education in
London, and finished at the .Strathroy (Jrammar School. His first
ex])erience in business \vas i" the l)ook trade, but only for one year.
Since that time, dry goods has l)een his occu])ation, princi]ially in
Strathroy and lirantford. In 1881, in partnershij) with his brother,
J. Ross ('eddes, the jire.sent firm of Geddes l^ros. was organized, and
the business as it now stands is the result of their enterprise, energy
and push. Not many towns can boast of as handsome a place of
business as that of the Messrs. Geddes liros., a large double store,

A MIDWINTER L^CKNK.

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COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

829

4r)xl00 feet, with two flats above the grouiKi floor. The trade is dotie
on cash basis, the house being known as " Tiie I'eople's I'opular Cash
.Store." Senn-aniuial trips are made to Great IJritaiu by one or otlier
of the firm, all the imported goods being personally selected in the
home market. The Messrs. Geddes deservedly enjoy the confidence
of the people.

William Gerry.

William (!erry, contractor and builder and proprietor of a jilaning
mill in London South, first became a resident of Middlesex County,
Canada, in 186S. He was born in Devonshire, England, November
27, 1841, and is a son of Oliver and Fannie (Baskerville) Gerry, wlio
were natives of the same shire. William Gerry is the third of their
five children, and was reared in his native county on a farm until
thirteen yeai's of age, when he began learning the carpenter's trade,
which occupation he has since followed. In lS6iS he immigrated to
Canada and settled in London, where he continued working at his
trade and aftewards opened a shop of his own. In 1S75 he put in
power machinery for doing all kinds of planing and for manufacturing
doors, blinds and sashes, and, in addition to his mill work, takes con-
tracts for building, and his business, which at first was of a modest
description, has grown gradually to its present pro))ortions. He com-
iiu'iiced his career without means, and what property he has acquired
is the result of his own imlustry. He was married in July, 1871, to
Miss Fannie Baker, a native of Devonshire, England, and Iv ' her is the
lather of seven children — Thomas, ]\Iary F., Edward E. A., Jessie
Maud, Millie M., Virginia Pearl and Willie \'>. i\Ir. Gerry is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity and tlie Independent Order of Foresters.

John M. Gibes.

John IM. Gibbs, the present mayor of Parkhill, and one of the
loading merchants of the town, was burn at Dundee, Scotland, in 1837.
He came to Canada in 1857, locating at St. Marys; established the St.
Marys Advertiser, a weekly newspaper, which he edited for some
tiiue. He then sold the pajier and became a member of the mercan-
tile firm of A. Beattie & Co. In 18112 they opened a branch store at
Parkhill, i\Ir. Gibbs assuming charge of the business. In LSd-l the
partnershiji was dissolved, and since that -time Mr. Gibbs has been in
business o,t Parkliill. He is interested in the educational advance-
ment of the county, and, since the organization of the village, has been
a meniber of tlu; School Board. In 1888 he was elected mayor of the
town, the duties of which ollice he is now discharging. In 1862 he
married Miss Margaret Macintosh, of St. Marvs. Mrs. Gibbs was a
worthy member of the Presbyterian (,'hurcli, and died in 187;>, leaving
three children. He is a ILeformer in politics.

■i^;

iliO

HISTORY OF THE

Richard Gibson.

Ilidiard Gibson, a proiniiicnt fanner and stock misor, of Dolawaio
Tuwushi)), was born in Belvoir, Leicestershire, P^nylaTid, Feb. 10, 1840,
and is the son of llicliard and Mary Gibson. Of a family of fourteen
children, he is the eldest son, and at the age of twenty-one he came to
Canada, and in ISiili went to Lonjf Island, where he accepted a ])osition
as manager of a farm of 1,500 acres, belonging to Mr. Delanietor, of
New York. In 1865, Mr. Gibson went to New York Mills, and
assumed the management of the New York Mills Stock Farm, whore
he remained six years. In LS7l he came to Canada and located in
London Township, near the City of London. In 1883 he removed to
Delaware Township, and located on his ])resent fine farm of 300 acre><,
one of the best in the county, where he is devoting his time and
attention to the bnjeding and raising of short-horned cattle, and has
achieved a wide reputation as a leading man in this business, he
having received the largest average in Chicago of the short-horned
breeders of America. He has imported many. In 1862 he married
Miss Elizabeth liobson, a native of London, and a daughter of George
Ivobson. Five children — four daughters and a son — are the result of
this union. ]\Ir. Gibson was appointed to a jiosition on the board of
the Ontario Agricidtural Commissioners, April 12, 1880. He is a
member of the Church of Jlngland, and is Conservative in jiolitics. He
devotes much attention to the raising of thoroughbred collie and fo.x
ten'ier dogs.

Thomas Gillean.

Thomas Gillean, jeweler, of London, Ont, is one of the rising youiij,'
business men of the place, and was born in the city in which he is
now residing, Jannary l.'!, 185."), being the son of James Gillean, who
was born in the North of Scotland, July 3, 1823. The latter was
reared and educated at the home of his l)irth, and after leaving seliool,
served a seven years' ajiprenticeshiiJ at the book-binding and stationery
business. In 1<S42 he immigrated to London, Canada, and entered the
employ of Thomas Craig, the pioneer Ijook-binder and stationer of
London, remaining thus employed for five years, then embarked in
business for himself His establishment was the second of the kind in
London, and he conducted the business for about eighteen years, and
furnished in the meantime all the military su]iplies. After disposing
of his stock he became connected witli the staff of the Advertiser, and
served in this connection for fourteen years, after which he engaged
in the insurance business. He served three years in the City CoiuKnl,
being unanimously elected the third term. In 184.8 he was nuurieil
to Miss Ann Darch, a native of Devonshire, England, by whom he luul
five children — William D. (manager of the Canada Paper Coniiiauy,

■11

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

8;!l

Toronto), James R,, John, Thomas and Alexander. Thomas, tlic fnuith
son and child, was reared ami educated in fjondon, and at an early day
bejian learnini,' the jeweler's trade, at which he worked for thirteen
years, perfecting himself in all its details. In 1S84 ho embarked in
business for himself in a small way, but has added to his stock from
time to time, until he is now considered one of the jn'osperous youn^;
jewelers of the city. He <,'ives strict attention to his business in fill its
details, and ]irounses to become one of the jjrosperous business men of
the city. He was married October 5, 1880, to Miss Emily Ward, of
London.

John Gillson.

-John (jillson, liveryman and hor.se dealer, of London, was born
Nov. 18, 18."i3, in the County of Durham, and althoUL,'h not an olil
settler of the County, is deserving of special mention. His parents,
Thomas and Mary (Clark) Gillson, were born in Norfolk, England, and
immigrated t(j Canada about 1844. Tlwy followed the occupation of
farming through life, and were the parents of nine children, eight of
whom are living. John Gillson is their fifth child, and his eiarly life
was spent on a farm in Victoria County. He was educated in the Oak-
wood High School and at the Oshawa Collegiate Institute. Ai'U'.v
leaving school, he entered the ministry, and for over six years was a
faithful expounder of the Methodist doctrine on the ('ampbellford
Circuit, and was afterward.s pastor in the following towns: — Perrytown,
Port Perry, Darlington and Osborne;. Owing to impaired health, he
was compelled to abandon his chosen calling, and soon after engaged in
farming, coming to London in 1883. He has since been identified with
tile interests of the town and county, and in addition to his farming
interests, has given much attention to shipping horses to the States, his
operations in this line having been on a large scale, and attended with
satisfactory results. It is worthy of mention that he has done nmch
to inijirove the breed of horses in the county, and his entries at the
State fairs of Hlinois have been uniformly successful. In lN87, in an
exhibit of twelve horses at Toledo, Ohio, he took eleven premiums, and
ill 1888 took all the premiums that he contended for. His shijiments
of stock are among the best bred in Canada, and embrace both niiile
and female for stock pur|ioses. In addition to this business and his
favming operations, he succeeded to the livery business of George T.
Hiscox, which business was establi.shed in 1837, and is the oldest of
the kind in the Dominion. His horses ami buggies are in excellent
condition, and his agreeability and accommodating spirit have won for
liim a liberal patronage. His fiirni, consisting of (13 acres, is in London
Township, and is well fitted for raising stock. He was married in 1878
to Miss Elizabeth J. Harris, of Durham County, by whom he has one
son, Thomas John Harold Harris.

:.\-lt

832

HI8T0UY OF THK

William Glass.

William Glass, SherilV of the County of Middlesex, was born (in
the liOth of May, 1827. He is a descendant on the ])aternal side of un
old and prominent family, of ("ounty Armagh, Ireland. The old home-
stead is still in possession of the family, being owned by a cousin,
Samuel Glass. In ISl'.t, the father of William, .Samuel Glass, who
was then but nineteen years of agt;, left home to seek his fortune in
Canada, his point of destination lieing the Townshi]) of Westminster,
in Middlesex County, where his sister, wife of the late Lieut.-Col. Orr,
had settled two years ]ireviously. While crossing the Atlantic, he
made the ac(|uaintance of Mr. Owrey, a well-to-do retired mercliant,
of Donaghadee, Ireland, and induced him to .settle in Westiuin.ster
Town.ship. In Ls2(j, Mr. Glass was married to Eliza, a daughter of
Mr. Owrey, and purchased the beautiful farm on tliv3 North street, in
the Township of Westminster, known as ]\It. Pleasant, and settled
thereon. On this farm, his sons William and David were born. In
liS30 he sold his farm and moved to London Townshi]), and the follow-
ing year came to the then Village of London, then known as the Fork.s,
wliere he was for many years engaged in carrying on the flour and
grain business. Here he died in 1877, having a short time jav.viously
cidebrated his golden wedding, his five son.s — William, David, Sanuiei,
James and Archibald — being present with their families. Mrs. Glass,
the mother of the Sherilf, died in January, YHHH. At the age of eigli-
teen years, William, in com]iany witli his brother David, engaged in
the flour and grain business, but dissolved ])artnership two years later,
David going to California, and William continuing the business alone,
only on a much more extended scale, having buyers in Chicago,
Detroit, and various points in Canada. He also ojiened a wholesale
and retail grocery, and was an extensive dealer in real estate, tliese
enterprises proving eminently satisfactory from a financial stamlpniiit.
In l8o4 he was elected a memlier of the City Council, which position
he occupied for two years, and then refused to be re-elected. About
the same time he received a commission in the militia of Canada. In
1858 he was ajipointed Sheriff of the (bounty of Middlesex; althou'Ji
he was then considered almost too yomig to fill such an important
office, he has proven himself to be ca] table in every resjiect, and for
the ]iast thirty years has given the best of satisfaction in the discharge
of his onerous duties. During this time his bro'her Samuel has ably
assisted him as Dejnity. Mr. Glass now owns and occujjies as a sum-
mer residence the farm in London Township on which his father lived
nearly sixty years ago. The scenery is said to be unsurpassed in
Western (.'anada. Tne grounds have been laid out and ornauu'nlod
with great taste, making a charming spot, where his many friends are
hospitably t,;id pleasantly entertained. Mr. Glass has a well estab-
lished reputation for generosity and kindness, and has always been
ready to further any and all undertakings calculated to advance the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

833

interests of liis native county. He is one of the founders and Trustees
(if the rrotestiint Orjihan's Home; Trustee and Treasurer of the Younj^
Men's Christian Association; one of the Trustees of the Metliodist
Church of Canada, of whicli lie is a member; a Director of the Lon-
don Life Insurance Comiiany ; and one of the founders and I'resident
(if the Aijricultural Savint^s and Loan CVjmjiany. lie is an extensive
liindhohler, an honest and ujiriulit gentleman in all his business
transactions, temperate, of a robust constitution and of great activity,
biddiuf; fair to sjiend numy more years of usefulness in the county
wlua'e he is so well known and highly respected. He was married in
LS55 to I'hebe, a daughter of John Ciuernsey, Ks([., of Queenstown.
Out., by whom he has three sons living — Charles T., B. A., a barrister
and a graduate of the Toronto University; Samuel F. .and John H. are
members of tlie firm of Class Bros. & Co., proprietors of the extensive
pottery works near the city of London.

Charles f. Goodhue.

The name of George Jarvis Goodhue has for many years been
cl(jsely connected with the history of Middlesex County, Ontario, and
the history would be incom])lete without a suitable sketch of his life.
He was born in Bellows Falls, Vt., and at an early day developed
.strong commercial instincts, and was led to adopt that occupation as a
calling through life. About the year LS22 he made Canada his home
by .settling in St. Thomas, and becoming the clerk of his elder brother,
Dr. Josiah Goodhue, w'ho carried on a general mercantile business in
connection with Bela Shaw. As he was eager to estfiblish himself on
an indejiendent footing, he remained here but a short time, and then
e.stablished a small store in Westminster Township, on the })resent site
of Brookville, and shortly after, in 1829, removed to London, which
was then but a sma^l collection of houses, and consisted of thirty-three
families or \.'X\ souls, and established himself in business in that place.
He built the first frame house in that place, the others being of logs
and mud, and his store was situated near the corner of llidout and
Carling streets. He afterwards removed his store to the corner of
Kidout and JJundas streets, where he held forth until 18,'i2, then closed
up his alliiirs and entered into ])artner.ship with Lawrencp Lawra,son as
a general merchant, and also held the ])osition of post-master of the
town. He also formed 1 asiness relations with Bela Shaw, of St.
Thomas, and with E. Ladd, of Delaware, but these partnerships were
soon dissolved, as he found it necessary to concentrate all his energies
and capital in his business at London. The firm of Goodhue & Lawra-
son ]irospered exceedingly, the former devoting much of his time to the
various markets, and was noted as a trader of keen judgment and
active habits. He was constantly speculating, and on all occasions
purchased and sold to the advantage of the firm, which continued to

834

HISTOHY OF THK

exist for ei^jjlit years, dissolving in 1840 by mutual consent. Mr.
(looilhuo then en,uiij,'(!(l in land speculation on an extensive scale, and
in this business laid tlu^ foinidation for the handsome fortune lie after-
wards possessed. He was twice married, the first time to Miss .Maria
Fullerton, of Massachusidts, who died al)()ut a year after their marria;,'o,
and the second time in 18.'3(), to Miss Loui.sa, dauj^hter of ('apt. Mat-
thew.'s, of the lloyal Artillery, a prominent politician and a rejirest^ita-
tive in Parliament. To them were born the foUowinj^-named children :
— ( ieor^'e Jarvis, Charles F., Frances Cecilia, liari'iet Amelia, now Mrs.
I'. W.Thomas; Louisa, wife of Walter Wat.son ; Maria Eliza, wife of
Lieut.-( 'ol. lovey, U. E. ; and Mary Cr., now Airs. J*. Cronyu. Mr.
Goodhue died on the 11th January, 1870.

Kenneth Goodman.

Kenneth Goodman, barrister and solicitor at I'arkhill, and a rejin;-
sentative and prominent citizen, was born at (Jrimsby, Lincoln County,
Ontario, Canada, March MO, 18;i9. His father, Henry K. Goodnuui,
was a native of Suss(!X, En<,'land, where for many years he was ii
practicing physician and sui'geon. He mari'ied Miss Arabella Hollo-
way, and in 1832 immigi'ated to Canada. At the age of sixteen our
subject began to study law, and when of age was a solicitor at New
Hamburg, Waterloo County. In 18(50 he organized the New Hamburg
Infantry Comi»any, which he commanded until ISOT, when he was
nuule Colonel of the Waterloo Battalion. He retired from service in
1S70, retaining that rank. In 1 873 he removed to I'arkhill, and two
years later was called to the liar. Mr. Goodman has always taken an
active interest in public allairs, and has been elected Keeve of the
town three times by acclamation. He has also served as President of
the Liberal-Conservative Association of Parkhill and of the Nortli
Hiding of ]\Iiddlesex County. On May o, ] .S(S7, he was appointed
revising barrister for the North Hiding of Middlesex County, upon the
retirement of Judge William Elliot. Mr. Goodman married Amiie,
daughter of the late Jacob Hairier, Jlscp, an old and influential citizen
of the old Niagara District. Four children have been born to Mr.
and Mrs. (Joodman, of whom two daughters and one son are living.
The son, Ambrose K , is a partner in the law firm of Colter & Good-
man, at Cayuga.

Thomas Gordon.

Thomas Gordon, E.sq , Indian Agent for the Oneidas, Chippewas
and Munceys of the Thames, and a representative citizen of Middlesex
County, was born at Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, April 28,
182(), and is the second of three living children born to the union of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

83S

Donald iiiitl Elizabotli (lUinics) Ciordoii, natives of Scotland and Irnland
n'S])octivuly. The father was l)oni in ITS-, and died in his native
land in l.S.'i2. Ho was a Scrju'eant-Majov in Iho 'JMrd L'l'^'inient (jf
Suthi'i'land llij,'liland(!i's, and was a soldier twenty years. He also took
jiart in the American war. His wife was born in IT'.KS, and died in
London, Ont., in 18H1.

Tlionias Clordon was edncated in the Parochial schools of Scotland,
and in 184:> ho ininii},'rated to (,'anada, .settled in Nova Scotia and there
lived for nine years, ('ni,'a!T;ed in rnnnini,' a water saw-mill, bnt the last
three years tau<^ht school in connection with the saw-mill l)nsiiies3.
He came to London in 1852, and, for four yeans, enaj^aj^jed as clerk in
a general store, after which for two years he tilled the same i)Ositi(jn in
a wliolesale store. October L!2, 1855, he married Miss Elizabeth Grant,
of L(jndon, Ont., who was born September 5, 1830. Her parents camo
to ( 'anada from Scotland in 1832. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon became the
]iarents of nine children, viz. : — Charles G., Klizabijth, Mary, Dollie,
Ethel, Thomas, Charles, Jessie and Ernest. The first-born died when
three years old. In 1858, Mr. Gordon enf:;aged in business for himself
at Longwoods, Ont.,wliere he continued merchandising for nineteen years.
In 18(10 he served as P. M. in the County of Middlesex. In 1862 he
was a]i])ointed Ju.stice of the Peace at Longwoods, which office he held
until 1875, wIkmi he was appointed a ('ommis.sioner B. It, In 187t> he
was a][iointed Indian Agent, which position he has since held, and a
year later he was ai>])ointed one of the License Commissioners of West
Middlesex. In 1878 he came to Strathroy, and here he now resides.
In I88.'5 he was appointed County Trustee for the Strathroy Collegiate
Institute, and for two years has been a member of the Board of
Health. Eor many years ho has been taking an active interest in the
])ublic alfairs of the county. Mr. Gordon is a tlK)rough temperance
advocate, and is one of the favorably known men of Middlesex. He
and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has
been a church officer for thirty years.

Charles S. Goulding.

Charles S. Goulding, farmer, fine stor ' raiser, and director of the
Birr cheese factory. Concession 11, Lot i, was b(jrn where he now
resides, March 5, 182U, and is a son of Charles and Ann (Shoebottoin)
Goidding, natives of Queen's County, Ireland. They were married in
their native land, and, previous to their immigration to Canada, had one
child, that died on tlie voyage and was buried at sea. They reached
Canada in 1818, and, after locating in Middlesex t'ounty, the father
Worked for some time at the blacksmith's trade, which he had learned
in his native land. After locating on Concession (i, he entered 100
acres of land, on which he resided for some time, and then, after a
short residence on the Kiver Thames, finally bought 300 acres of land,

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836

HISTOllY OF THE

where his son Charles S. now lives, of two United Empire Lojalists.
He made nearly all the improvements on his farm himself, and became
one of the wealthy citizens of the comity, lie served in the war of
the rebellion, was a Conservative politically, and was a member of tlie
Chnrch of England. Nine of his eleven children are now living-
Mary (wife of B. Sifton, was the first child born in London Townsliip,
her birth occurring the same year as that of the Queen), Esther (widow
of John Sale), -lames, John, Charles S.. Ann (widow of Charles
Minchin), Jane, Thomas and Joseph. Charles S. Goulding owns 100
acres of valuable land, and all his life has resided on the farm where
he now lives. He gives considerable attention to stock raising, and
makes a specialty of breeding fine horses. He is a stockholder in, and
one of the directors of, the liirr cheese factory, and is one of the lead-
ing and enterprising business men of the county. In 1859 he was
married to Mary Talbot, a daughter of Edward Talbot, one of the early
settlers of the Township, and by her became the father of eight
children, four of whom are living — Mary, Charles, Edward and Willie.
Mrs. Goulding died in 187'S, lamented by all who knew her. Mr.
Goulding is a member of the Church of England.

R. M. GRAHAM.

R, M, Graham, Principal of the Simcoe St. School, of Loudon,
Canada, was born in Toronto, Feb. 22nd, 1857, his parents being
Thomas and Eliza (Davidson) Graham, both of whom were born in the
" Emerald Isle," the latter being from the County Armagh. 11. M.
Graham is the second of their five children, and when he was about
two years of age his j)arents moved to Dunkeld, near Walkerton, in
County of Bruce, where they resided until he was about six years of
age. The family then moved to Bervie village, in the County of
Bruce, and from the latter place, after six years, to Kincardine, County
of Bruce, where he attended the High School under the Mastership of
J. E. Burgess, and in 1875 passed an examination for a third certifi-
cate, and in the following year commenced teaching, which occuiiatioii
he followed tliree years in S S. No. 0, Huron Township, County of
Bruce. During this jieriod he was a close student, and prepared liiiii-
self for a higher standard as an instructor, and in 187i) attended tlie
Brantford Collegiate Institute until his admittance into the Normal
School, Toronto, where he jiassed the July examination of 1879, seem-
ing a second-class certificate. He then came to London, and attemlod
the Loudon Collegiate for the first part of 1880, when he was appointed
Assistant Mathematical and Commercial Master in Harriston Higli
School, and at the same time took private lessons in mathematics from
Prof. O'Connor, who is now Professor of Mathematics in Trinity Col-
lege, Toronto. In the fall of 1880 he took charge of a school in Lon-
don Township, near St. Johns village, and in May, 1882, was

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

837

appointed Principal of London West Public Schools. He remained
there till 188.'^, when he took cliarj,'e of Horton St. School, City of
London, in September. While Principal of Horton St. School, he pri-
vately prepared himself, and obtained a first-class professional pro-
vincial certificate. After the completion of Simcoe St. School, he was
ay)pointed Principal of the same, which, at the ]iresent time, is one of
the most iiujiortant charges in the city, there being a total of twelve
teachers employed in the building.

In July, LS88, he was married to Miss May Lackie, a native of
Montreal (whom he met as a \m\)\\ while in London West). Mr.
Graham is a Past Master of King Solomon Lodge of A. F. & A. M.,
and is a member of the Koyal Arcanum.

STEPHEN Grant.

Stephen Grant, assessment commissioner of London, Ont, was
born in Kings (,'ounty, Ireland, January 27, 1847, and is a son of
William and Mary (Piper) Grant, who were also natives of the Emer-
ald Isle, and the parents of seven children. Stephen Grant is the fifth
child and fourth son, and grew to manhood in his native land. At the
age of twenty-two years he left Ireland and immigrated to Canada,
locating at London, Out., where for one year he was a member of the
city police force. Subsecjuently, for twelve years he held the position
of steward of the City Hos])ital, and the following five years served as
assessor. He has held his jire.sent position as assessment commissioner
for the last two years, and liis fitness is fully appreciated by his fellow-
citizens. In every official position he has occupied, he has proven his
energy, honesty and sterling qualities. He was engaged for a short
time in the insurance business, in i)artnership with J. A. Nelles. In
18G9 he was united in marriage with Miss Julia Christian, of Kil-
larney, Ireland, and to this union have been born eleven children, of
whom ten are still living — Florence M., Julia C, Stephen F., Edmund
D., Ethel J., Kathleen G., Bessie ^I., Lucy A., Hastings J., and John
K. A. Mr. Grant is one of the prosperous, successful and highly
respected citizens of the City of London.

Ja:.[es Grant.

James Grant, J.P., President of the London Mutual Fire Insurance
Company, Clerk and Treasurer of the Township of Lomlon, and Assist-
ant Manager of the Keya' Standard Loan Company, was born in the
City (then village) of London, Canada, February 21, 1841. His father,
•lames Grant, who was born in Strathspey, Inverness, Scotland, and
came to Canada about the year l8ott, was a carpenter by trade, and,
at the time of the rebellion, with his brother Charles and others, ran a

838

HISTORY OF THE

grist mill nearly where Carling's brewery now stands. He died in
the year 1H5G. His mother, whose niiiideii name was Mary Forlnis,
was also born in Scotland, and by her marriage to Mr. Grant became
the mother of eleven children, five of whom are still living. She is
still alive, and hale and hearty at the age of eighty-two. The subject
of this sketch remained in the city until he was thirteen or fourteen
years old, when he, with his parents, removed to the Townshij) of
London and engaged in agricultnral pursuits and teaching school,
which latter occupation he followed for nearly thirteen years in one
house, In 187.> he was appointed Township Clerk, and in 18(S7
Treasurer of the Township of London, both of which offices he now
holds. For nine of the years since 1873 he was one of the County
Auditors of the County of Middlesex, and is now one of the auditors
of the Kast Middlesex Agricultural Association and of the City Mutual
Fire Insurance Company. In 1S81 he was Census Commissioner for
the East Hiding of the County, and in 1 885 was Keturning Officer in
the election held in the whole County under the Canada Temperance
Act of 1878. In 1882, at the solicitation of his numerous friends, he
stood the Conservative convention for the selection of a candidate
to contest the representation of the East Riding of the Cotmty in the
Local Legislature, but was defeated by Thomas Koutlcdge, Esq. He
was married in 1872 to ^liss Samantha Prison, who hiis borne liim
eight children — Margaret M., James E., Mary S., Caroline F., Annie I.,
Isabella C, Lilian H. and John D. Mr. Grant is a member of the
Masonic Order, and is a man whose pleasant and agreeable manners
make him a favorite with all who know him.

William Grant.

William Grant, who is one of the old settlers and influential citi-
zens of Delaware County, was born in the County of Sus,sex, England,
November 1, 1809, and is the son of William and Ann(Follettj Grant,
of England. At the age of twelve years William Grant was bound
out as an apprentice to a boot and shoemaker, with whom he remained
six years, after which he worked as a journeyman. March 30, 1(S32,
he sailed for New York, and on reaching that city he established him-
self in the shoe business, which he continued until 1S,':)5, when he
removed to Canada and established himself in business, which he con-
tinued for twenty years. Mr. Grant is probably the oldest living
settler of Delaware, having resided here continuou.sly for fifty-three
years. He is fund of reading, and probably no citizen is better posted
on the leading topics of the day than he. He went out as a volunteer
in the Kebellion of 1837-8. He is a member of the Church of Eng-
land, and is Consei'vative in his jiolitics. He comes of a long-lived,
sturdy race of ancestry, and in all probability has a long Iea,se of life
before him yet. At the time of his settlement here, London was a

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

839

small village with but one brick building, the Bank of Upper Canada.
London was at that time known as ' The Forks," and Tonnito as " Little
York." Mr. Grant relates many anecdotes of pioneer life, and once, in
1843, he had a very narrow escape from wolves.

Thomas D. Gray.

T. D. Gray, agent of the Shedden Co. (limited), cartage agents for
the Grand Trunk IJailroad. Few, except those directly interested, are
aware of the importance of the above comjiany, or its close identifica-
tion with the business interests of the city, or the number of men to
whom it gives employment. Its history antedates the completion of
the railroad to London, and it came into prominent public recognition
in connection with the establishment of tlie depots. Thomas D. Gray,
who has long been connected with the company, was born in Scotland
on the iSth of August, 183.S, and spent his early life on a farm, after-
wards learning the miller's trade. In 1860 he came to Canada, and
two years later accepted a position with the Shedden Co. in Toronto,
but in 1876 was transferred to London, and has discharged the duties
of his position ably and well. Much of the popularity of the company,
as well as their success, has been owing to his good busiue.ss qualifica-
tions and his courteous and accommodating treatment of those with
whom he has business intercourse. He was married to ^liss Sarah
Flaherty, a native of Toronto, April 27, 1865, by whom he has a family
of three sons — Thomas, William and Henry. He is a member of the
L 0. 0. F., the Masonic fraternity, the A. O. U. W., and is also Chief
of the Scottish Clans, ^^'hile in Toronto, he held the position of treas-
urer of the L 0. O. F., and was the recipient of a handsome silver ser-
vice in recognition of his fiiithfulness and interest in the order, and
when leaving was presented with a valuable clock and vases, and a
very complimentary address. While in Toronto, Mr. Gray was inter-
ested in military matters, and was a memlnjr of Company No. 10,
Queen's Own Battalion, and during the Fenian Kaid was transferred
to the Grand Trunk liegiment.

Newenham p. Geaydon.

X. p. Graydon, hamster, was born in the City of London, Canada,
in the montii of January, 1860. His father, Simpson H. Graydon, is
a native of County Dublin, Ireland, and was there reared and educated,
being a graduate of the Dublin University, Trinity College. In 1840
lie came with a party of sporting men to Canada on a hunting e.xpedi-
tion, and went from here to Australia during the gold excitement,
wliere they remained three years. .Mr. Graydon then canu) back and
located in London, where he became a disciple of Blackstone, being

840

HISTORY OF THE

admitted to tlio Bur at quite an early day, and practiced his profession
until his death in IHKi. He was for many years one of the Aldermen
of TiOndon, and fur two years was Mayor of the city. He was also
School Trustee for a number of years, and was one of the prominent men
of Middlesex County. He was a member of the Church of England, and
to his mariiage, ten children were born, nine of whom are living. His
son. N. P. Graydou, was educated in the schools of Loudon, and, when
quite young, began the study of law under the directions of the late
Warren liock, a leading criminal lawyer, and in 1881 was called to
the Bar. He immediately formed a partnership with his father, which
continued until the lalter's death. Since that time he has practiced
alone, and has built up a large and lucrative jiractice. He was elected
Alderman of the 5th Ward in 188.S, and is a member of the Knights
of Pythias and the Masonic fraternity. The members of his father's
family now living are as follows: — AcquillaO. (a civil engineer), Mary
(wife of H. T. Ford), Mina, Stlina (who resides in California), Newen-
ham P., Pierce, Graydon W. and Simpson.

The Green Family.

One of the oldest and most respectable families of the City of Lon-
don is that of Edward Wilkins Green, late of "Pine Grove" Farm,
London Township. Mr. Green, on the paternal side of the house,
was of Quaker descent, his father, John Green, being one of an old and
respectable family of Greens, who filled honorable positions among
the Society of Friends in Hillsboro', County Down, Ireland. On the
maternal side, the Wilkinses were an equally estimable family, but his
mother, dying when young, he was reared by a Quaker uncle and aunt,
who were childless, and whom he ever remembered with the greattst
pride and atlectiou. Inspired by a wish to see something more of the
world, he came to this country when a young man, and about the year
1818 found himself in the County of Middlesex. For a short time he
accompanied the surveyors who were making the first survey of the
Township of London, and was thus able to secure land in a most desir-
able and central location Here he lived a bachelor's life until a house
had been built and suiHcient land cleared to give an appearance of
home, to which he then brought his bride. Being possessed of great
natural taste, cultured by early training, his aim was always to improve
and beautify the home ; and before many years, the first log structure,
which only is possible in an entirely new country, gave place to a
si>acious frame dwelling, in which all the later members of the family
were born, and which still stands in good preservation, a monument to
early industrial and laudable ambition. Fine orchards and gardens
were planted in due time, and a grove of ornamental trees, in which
the pine predominated, was nuide to encircle a spacious lawn, which
dotted with beds of flowers, made the place so unusually attractive in

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

841

that section of country at that period, as to cause many a passerby to
pause to admire the beauty of the grounds. By a judicious system of
grafting, the finest varieties of fruit were obtained, which commanded
the highest market price, and secured many a prize at the ("ounty
Fairs. The quality of the farm, too, was well sustained, no effort
being spai'ed to make the crops the finest, and always with an eye to
beauty as well as utility, its boundaries were defined by a row of orna-
mental trees. In short, by good taste, by care and industry, and by
courageously triumphing over many an adverse circumstance and the
difliculties that attend agriculture in an entirely new country, Mr.
Green proved himself to be one of the best farmers of his time.

Although always taking an interest in the development of his
township and county, and passing through some troublous times in
the eiirly history of the country, Mr. Green never took a prominent
part in politics, his early training, which imbued him with the prin-
ciples of the Society of Friends, making him a lover of peace and the
quietude of home. Conversation with a gentleman who, as a school
teacher, spent some time under his roof, elicited this testimony: that
he always cherished the greatest admiration and respect for Mr. Green's
character, his sturdy adherence to the duties of family prayer, never
allowing even the severe pressure of harvest labor to interfere with the
morning and evening custom, which had no little influence on the after
liearing of his own life. Mr. Green's father some time afterwards
followed him to tliis country, and took up land not far from his son;
but was not long spared to enjoy his new home, and has long since
passed to his reward.

Mr. Green married into a family that has since become well known
in this western peninsula, lie married Miss Mary Coyne, eldest
daughter of Henry Coyne, Esq., of Dunwich, Ont, originally from
Belfast, Ireland, and a man who, by the gentleness and sweetness of
his disposition, won the respect and esteem of all who knew him.
Mrs. Green proved a worthy daughter of a noble sire. On removal to
her new home she connected herself with the Methodist people. Mr.
Green soon followed her example, and their house had ever an open
door for the itinerant preacher. Days would .sometimes lengthen into
weeks and the weeks into months, or even the full allotted period of
itinerancy would pass beneiitli their welcome roof, but Mr. and Mrs.
Green always found they left a blessing in their path. Tiiis was the
age, too, when the country scliool teacher " boarded round." What
wonder if to this comfortable home they, too, came the soonest and
stayed the longest. In that early period of the country, educational
advantages were few. Mr. and Mrs. Green, therefore, endeavored to
supplement the district school by home intercourse witli any who
could bring to them the good gifts they coveted for their cliildren, and
by thus throwing open their doors to the belter educated class, there
were secured to the earlier members of the family many advantages
which would have been otherwise impossible. Mr. Green also fur-

842

HISTOliY OF THE

iiished liis fiiraily well witli liteniture, liavitig almost a mania for buy-
ing books, which were often passed on to some one else as soon as read.
Mr. Green continued to reside at Pine Grove until his death, wliich
took ]ilace on the murning of the 2nd of January, 1868, and his liody
was laid to rest in the okl burying- ground of the neighborhood near
the farm,

Mrs. Green was a womaji of the most deeply-marked ]»iety, wlin.se
beautiful Christian character developed and grew as the years rolled by.
Her fine mind was well stored and blessed with rather unusual con-
ver.sational ]iowers, and she was one whom it was always a pleasure
and profit to meet. Until the day of her death she was a faithful
student of the press, always reading the daily pa]ier, turning first to
the foreign news, and was a staunch admirer of Mr. Gladstone, and
watched eagerly the trend of discussion on Home Rule for her ever-
loved country. A few years before her death she was lured from the
old homestead, and took up her residence in London South. On the
evening of the ■'>th of February, 18Sl>, she took tea in the dining room
in her usual health ; but on the morning of the 9th, before the sun had
gilded the horizon, she had learned to breathe an immortal air. With
eight of her grandsons acting as pall-bearers, she was laid to rest in
Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Mr. Green's body was afterwards raised
and interred there also, and there they lie side by side awaiting the
KesuiTection Morn. " Truly, they rest from their labors and their works
do follow them." Air. and Mrs. Green had a large fiunily of children,
and nearly all have survived their parents. The daughters, mo.st of
whonj have large families, are following in the footsteps of their
mother, by filling honorable and useful positions iu the Church, and
endeavoring to bring up their children in obedience to the principles
that governed their father's household.

Tlioraas Green, eldest son of the above, builder and contractor,
has loiig been one of the well-known citizens of London. Some of the
leading edifices of the city were built by him. Notably St. Peter's
Cathetlral, Masonic Temple, and others. By business ability, coupled
with a strict integrity and uprightness, Mr. Green has won for himself
an honorable name. He has never aspired to municipal honors, but
in countless ways has borne his part in furthering the interests of the
city, and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him. The
firm of Thomas P. Green & Co., builders and contractors, was estab-
lished over thirty years ago, and was first located on Kidout street.
They now occupy premises 440 feet front by 150 feet deep. Additions
have been made to the original buildings from time to time until 1H81,
when fire destroyed everything, and Mr. Green sustained heavy loss.
He began building again ; and now, when running in full capacity,
employs forty to fifty men. In connection with the above, he is en-
gageil in building and contracting largely in London and vicinity. His
wife wjis formerly Miss Emma Sarah Cooper, a native of the Isle of
Wight, who has borne him four sons and three daughters.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX,

843

Henry Coyne Green, second son of Eilward Wilkins GrccTi, was
long a resident of this city engaged in the lumber trade, a man of
upright and honorable character, who took considerable interest in
civic life, and, with his brothers, was a warm sujiporter of the Metho-
dist Church. As one of the Trustees of thn Young Men's Christian
Association, he used every effort to furtlierthe interests of that institu-
tion. He i-ecently removed with his family to the Western States.

John Green, wholesale dry goods merchant, third son of Edward
^^'ilkins GrecMi, has spent most of his life in this city, entering when a
young man the store of his uncle, James Coyne, Esq., first as clerk,
then ])artner, and finally succeeding to the business, in 1871 he went
into the wholesale trade, on the corner of Carling and liidout streets.
In this business Mr. Green has achieved a well-merited reputation as
an honorable merchant, and has secured, what is the result of a life-
time of upright and useful citizeiuship — a good name. As a business
man and a citizen, he Ims contributed a full share towards sustaining
the reputation whicii London now enjoys as a business centre, and is
always to be found on the side of morality and right. He has a large
family of children, most of whom are still under age.

James W. Green.

James W, Green, editor of the Gazette at Parkhill, was born in
Waterloo County, Canada, in 184".*, and is a son of Wheeler and Lucy
(Shupe) Green, early settlers of that county. Wheeler Green was
born in Milton, Canada, and was a loyal soldier in the Kebellion of
LS37. His mother was born in Waterloo County, and is a descendant
of one of its pioneer families. In 1864 our subject began life by
learning the printer's trade in the office of the Gait Reporter. From
1869 to 1880 he worked at his trade in and about Chiciigo, III., but
previous to that time owned and edited the Lake County Tidings, at
Waukegan, 111. In 1880 he returned to Canada, and assumed the
editorship of the Enterprise, at Gorrie, in Huron County. In 1885
he sold the paj)er, and, coming to Parkhill, was for some time the
manager of the Gazette, of which jjaper he became the sole proprietor
in 18S7. In November of that year he lost his office, together with
his type and presses, by a destructive fire ; but he immediately re-
established the jiaper, losing the publication of but three issues. The
same fire swept away all his household eUects, himself and wife barely
escajung with their lives Mr. Green is now a prosperous citizen, and
his ])aper has a wide circulation and an excellent reputation in North
^liddlesex.

John H. Griffiths.

John H. Griffiths, artist, of London, Ont, is the son of William and
Charlotta (Howard) Griffiths. He is from an old English family of

844

HISTOKY OF THE

Newcastle, Staffordshire, Eii<,'land, the records showing that this has
been a prominent family for 600 years. William Griffiths was born in
Newcastle, England, and was a potter by trade. He was connected
with the celebrated Mintons, was manager for them for thirty-three
years, and was intimately associated with their snccess. He had
charge of the bank acconnt and enjoyed their confidence fully. A
remarkable circumstance happened to him in this connection. Tiie
bank account of the Mintons was kept in two banks, and Mr. Griffiths,
by custom, visited one, and his clerk the other. On one Saturday
when he went to the bank, usually visited by the clerk, who was sick,
to draw a large sum of money to pay the hands, the Mintons employ-
ing about 0,000 hands, he narrowly escaped being murdered and
robbed, for a few days afterward two notorious thieves were arrested
for robbing a church and were sentenced to be transported for life.
They confessed their crime, and also that they had lain in wait to rob
and murder Mr. Griffiths, but were turned from their purpose by the
circumstance of his havirg to go to the other bank usually visited by
his clerk, Mr. Griffiths M'as a member of the Methodist Church and
was a trustee in the same. He died at the age of seventy-three, and
was a man who led an active and honorable life. He took an active
interest in politics and was always a lieformer. By his marriage to
Miss Howard were born these children — James, William, Thomas
and John (twins), Hamlet, Arthur, Elizabeth, Lydia, Martha Ann,
Sarah, Charlotta and Emma. These children were all reared in New-
ca.stle, and all lived to be men and women. Thomas and Hamlet are
still residents of Newcastle, and are men of property, Hamlet being a
manufacturer of china.

John H. Grilliths, subject of sketch, was born in Newcastle, Eng-
land, in 1826, and received a good English education. He learned in
early life the profession of an artist, and was a pupil of Itippingille, of
the lioyal Academy of England. He also served an a])prenticeship at
painting upon china. In 1845, Mr. Griffiths joined his brother, James
Griffiths, in tli management of a jirivate lunatic asylum, called San-
field House, Litchfield, England, This establishmjnt was one of the
mo~t successful in England, and the business was conducted by the
brothers for nine years. In 1854, Mr. Griffiths came to Canada, settled
in London, and there engaged in speculating and loaning money. Mr.
Griffiths was a heavy loser in 1856-7. Later he engaged in business
with McClarys, extensive hardware merchants, and painted and jap-
anned their ware for six years. He then conducted a wholesale plioto-
graphic establishment, and dealt in artist supplies for twenty years in
London. He then retired to his farm in liS75, which consists of 100
acres of fine land, pleasantly situated on the 1st Concession of W^est-
minster. Mr. (iriffiths has always taken an active interest in all mat-
ters pertaining to the real advancement of the country, and was one of
the nine men who founded the Western Fair, being one of the directors,
and also filling the offices of president and treasurer. He also suggested

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

845

the establishment of the School of Art in London, and was one of the
founders and directors, and is also secretary-treasurer and ])rofessor of
])ainting of the same. Mr. Grilliths was the first to introduce into
Canada photographing upon porcelain, for which he received a silver
medal.

Mr. Griffiths is an artist of high rank, and has taken many prizes.
He was awarded two medals for china painting sent to the Colonial
Exhibition in England in ISH(\. He also painted an afternoon set,
wliich was graciously received by the Queen of England, as a jubilee
gift. He received two gold medals in this country for specimens, and
for the best collection of paintings. Mr. GriHiths has travelled in
Ireland and Scotland, and has visited many of the art galleries in
Europe. He is a man of general talents, and has a knowledge of
almost all kinds of art work. He has been an exhibitor of paintings
ever since coming to Canada, and is not only well known in Canacla,
but in the States as well. He has a fine collection of paintings and
decorated china, the product of his own skillful hand, and are of the
highest artistic merit, and of rare value. His collection is one of the
most valuable in Canada. His residence is filled with articles of in-
trinsic worth from an artistic point of view. In 1867, Mr. Griffiths
married Miss Ann Wonacott, daughter of John Wonacott. To this
union were born seven children — -John, Eliza, Martha, llosa, Sarah,
Ada and Louise. All the children are at home with the exception of
Eliza, who is with an uncle. In politics, Mr. Griffiths is a Keformer.

Samuel Grigg.

Samuel Grigg, proprietor of the Grigg House, of London, Ontario,
was born in liawdon, County of Montcalm, thirty-five miles from
Montreal, February 16, 1847. His father, Isaac Grigg, was a native
of Somersetshire, England, and immigrated to Canada in 1842, where he
was married to Miss Jane Kite. When Samuel Grigg was about five
years old, the family moved to Clinton, County of Huron, where the
father engaged in b'acksmi thing, purchasing the plant and business of
the late Wm. liattenbury, in which calling he was an exjiert. Here
Sanmel received the greatest ])art of his rearing, and in 1859 com-
menced his hotel experience in the employ of the late Thomas Lloyd,
coming with him to London in iSfiO. Three years later he went to
Seaforth, but soon after returned to London, and in 1867 engaged in
business on his own responsibility, and at the present time is the oldest
hotel man in the city. For about fifteen years he conducted a large
livery stable. In 1879 his present hotel was completed, and was
opened on the 2()th of September of that year, on the occasion of the
reception of the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise. Previous
to opening his hotel, Mr. Grigg visited England, Scotland, Ireland and
France. In the management of his hotel he is the peer of any man in

846

HISTORY OF THE

the Dominion, and in this he is ably assisted hy his Itrothiir, T. K.
(fri<^<5. He is the owner of vahiablc farming,' lands, as well as timber
lands, in the North-west, which is increasing,' in value daily, and as it
was selected with great care afti-r jiersonal inspection, is considered a
very fortunate sjieculation. Mr, (irigg's life thus far illustrates tlio
possibilities of the country for men of ability, energy and enterprise,
and, although scjircely in the jirime of life, he occupies an enviable
])Osition among the business men of London, and is in every respect a
thoroughly self-made man. He is a lioyal Arch Ma.son, and is also a
njeniber of the Knights of Pythias and the Ancient Order of United
Workmen. He has been married twice; first, to Miss Mary McQuarrie,
of Brussels, who died May 7, I88(i, leaving four children — Charles E.,
Samuel h\, Clara M. and Grace B. His second wife was a Miss
liussell, of Brantford. To this union was born one child — Lulu C.

George M. Gunn (Deceased).

George M. Gunn (deceased) was born in the Parish of Dornoch,
Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in the year ISl'O, and pa.ssed his boyhood
days on the east coast of that country. The fitther was a builder of
that place, and carried on an extensive business until 18;)2, when he
and family left their native land and immigrated to Upper Canada,
settling in the neighborhood of Embro, in the County of Oxford.
Three years later, George M. Gunn entered mercantile life in the ein-
])loy of William Mathieson, of Woodstock, remaining with him for
some time, and in 1842 came to London and entered into partnership
with his brother William, who was a general merchant at the west
end of Dundas street. The brothers conducted a successful business
for a number of years, and became widely known and highly respected
for their upright conduct and fair dealing. A short time afterward
William died, and the business was subsequently conducted by
Messrs. Gunn & Gordon, the latter gentleman having been admitted
to a partnership shortly after the death of William Gimn. Aft--"'
remaining thus connected for many years the partnership was di.>-
solved, and Mr. Gunn engaged in the insurance business, subset luently
admitting his son as a partner, and did a successful business. He was
kindly in his manner, of a charitable disposition, and his many admir-
able traits of character endeared him to all with whom he had either
social or business relations, while his many acts of charity to the i)oor
and oppressed became proverbial. He took time to consider and study
an applicant's wishes, and if he found him worthy, he could be counted
a true friend. He was one of the few men who assisted in the forma-
tion of the St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church congregation. He was
a shareholder and Director in several Loan Societies. His personal
contributions to deserving charities were large but unostentatious. He
was in every sense of the word one of nature's noblemen. His death,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

847

which occurred on the 20th of March, l.SH.S, was deeply lamented by
all who knew him. He left, besides his widow, three children — Wil-
liain A., Harriet M. (Mrs. Smart), and George C. William A. Gunn
was born in London, July 2('>, 1841), and was reared and educated
here. He was associated with his father in business, and after the
lalter's death succeeded him, but recently sold his property and be-
came coimected with the McClary Manufacturin<,' Company. He was
married in Octolxir, ISS'2, to Miss Theresa McUlary, a daughter of
John McClary.

George M. G us tin.

George M. Gustin, proprietor of the " Star " livery stable at Stratli-
roy, is a native of London Township, Middlesex County, Canada, born
December 25, ISa.'i, and is the son of Charles and Margaret (Morden)
Gustin, l)oth natives of Canada. The mother was born in l(S2(S, and
died in 1<S88. Of the eight children born to her marriage, George M.,
was the third son. At the age of four years he removed with his
l)arents to Township ; was reared to farm life, and obtained a

conuiion school education. At twenty-one years of age ho began the
cheese-making business, which he continued for two seasons, and then
followed farming, which occupation he carried on until 1886, when he
removed to Forest. Here he remained for a short time, and then came
to Strathroy in November of the same year, where he engaged in the
livery business, purchasing the stock of Jasper Still, and now has one
of tlie best livery barns in Strathroy, located on James street, opposite
Market Square. January, 1879, Mr. Gustin celebrated his nuptials
with Miss Eliza A. Woodhull, who was born in Adelaide Township,
Middlesex County, Canada, in 1860. Two children, Minnie E. M.,
bom December 28, 1880, and Berthold 13., born August 22, 1883,
were the result of this union. Mr. Gustin is a member of the Order
of Foresters.

Surgeon Matthew J, Hanavan, l.s.C.

One of the most recent aajuisitions to the medical profession of the
city is the subject of this short sketch. He is a native Canadian, and
was born June 5, 1842. His father, James Hanavan, was a native of
Ireland, County Monaghan, and came to Canada about the year 182").
The maiden name of his mother was Ann Tulley, who was bom in
Cootehill, County Cavan, Ireland. The father was a fanner by occu-
pation. Matthew J., the youngest of eleven children, spent his early
life on his father's farm and in attending school. Later, desiring to
enter upon a professional life, he commenced a course of study, apply-
ing himself energetically and with perseverence until finally prepared

848

HISTORY OF THE

to attend the Toronto University, at which institution lie graduated
with lienors in the spring of 18G6. lie commenced active practice,
first as a contract surgeon in the American army, during the latter
])art of the civil war, after which he attended the New York hospitals
for a season. He then settled in Stratford, and twenty-one years'
I)ractice has contributed largely to establish him substantially as a
l)roniinent member of the medical ])rofession, and it is a conceded fact
that he has proven himself one of the skillful medical jiractitioners of
Western Ontario. (Jifted by nature with a love for the study of this
science, he has not rested contented with the learning received in ])re-
paratory study, but has continually availed himself of the best oppor-
tunities olVered for reaching a higher plane of learning in this direc-
tion. As a skillful and careful surgeon his reputation has continually
increased from the first, not only from the force of his natural genius,
but also from his kindness of manner and devoted attention to his
patients, as well as owing to his humanity of heart ; and in the dis-
charge of his professional duties he has ever been a friend as well as a
jihysician. While in Stratford, he served for seventeen years us
surgeon of the 28th IJattalion. In September, 18S8, he received the
appointment of surgeon to the Infantry School Coiiis at London, and
in November of the same year removed to London with his family to
fdl the position. On leaving Stratford he was tendered a banquet hy
the ofticers of the 28th Battalion and their friends, presented with a
valuable watch and address by the citizens, and with an address ami
beautiful ]ilush easy chair by the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association,
being Medical Supervisor for the above Association in Canada. Tiie
doctor, when in Stratford, took a prominent part in everything for tlio
welfare of the city, being School Trustee and Alderman, and filling
many other positions of trust. He was married in 1875 to ^liss Mary
Agues Kidd, of Dublin. They have six children, four sons and two
daughters. The doctor is a true, warm-hearted friend, and never loses
one through any fault of his.

John Henry Han ley.

John Henry Hanley, a prominent furniture dealer of Stralluoy,
was born in Killaloe, Ireland, on the river Shannon, October 1(3, 1H33,
son of Koger and Susannah (Sparling) Hanley, both natives of Ireland.
The father was born in 1801, and the mother in 180.S. The latter is
now living, and is a resident of St. Marys, but the former died at St.
Marys in 1884. The family came to Canada in 1842, and settloii
near St. Marys, where John H. Hanley, the eldest of seven children,
eceived a good connuon school education. He was reared to faiiu
ife, and followed this occupation until 1866, when he removed to the
Town of St. Marys, and there followed the produce business, continu-
ing there until 1871. He then removed to Strathroy, and here carried

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

849

on the produce business until 1883, when he sold out, and in ^farch,
18S5, enga<;ed in the furniture business. He owns over 4,000 acres of
land in i^Ianitoba, and has been successful in all his business ventures.
February 2;i, 1S60, he manned Miss Eliza J. Gilpin, a native of Ire-
land, born May 7, 18.S7, and to this union has been born an interest-
in*,' family of five children — Ellen S., born December 23, 18G0, and
died Ajiril 4, 1887 ; Adaline M., born August 30, 18(12 ; Minnie J.,
born December 14, 1864 ; John H., born Ajml 23, 1808 ; and William
^I., born February 22, 1870. Mr. Hanley is a lieformer in his politi-
cal views, for five years was a member of the Stralhroy Town Council,
and for five years was a member of the School Hoard. He is one
of the leading men of Strathroy, and he and Mrs. Hanley are worthy
members of the Methodist Church of Canada.

Steward Harris.

Steward Harris, produce dealer and shipper, whose name heads this
sketch, needs no introduction to the citizens of London and the County
of Middlesex, for his connection with its affairs dates back to 1844,
and his name is never thrust before the people for the purpose of
notoriety, but is borne by one whose true substantial worth of char-
acter is the equal of any resident of the place. Steward Harris was
born in County Cavan, North of Ireland, in 1835 ; son of John and
Eliza Harris, both natives of the " Emerald Isle." To them were
born nine children, St(;ward Harris being the third eldest now living.
After immigrating to Canada the family first settled at Toronto, where
they lived for two years and then moved to London. They selected
and bought a farm of 200 acres in ^IcGillivray Township. Steward
Harris spent about eight years in Toronto at different times, and after
returning to London he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and was also
in the employ of the Great Western Railroad, He was on the force
wlien the survey was made through the fair grounds. He has always
been an active and industrious man, and one of varied experience.
For almost one year he was on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and
tlien returned to the farm in McGillivray Township, and after a short
residence he went to work on the Port Stanley Railroad, and subse-
quently engaged in farming in the County of Elgin, near Port Stanley,
and lived there until he purchased a farm in London Township, where
he moved and where he remained for twelve years. In 1883 he retired
from the farm and moved to London, where he has since been engaged
to a greater or less extent in shipping fruit, vegetables or anything on
which he could realize a profit. Mr. Harris was married in 1857 to
Miss Ehzabeth, daughter of Robert Fulton, of Port Stfinley. By this
marriage there are four children now living — Mary M. (wife of Thomas
Howard), Robert E., F^lizabeth L. (now Mrs, Scandrett), and Alma.
One son, John ¥., and a daughter, Emily L., are deceased. Mrs. Harris

850

HISTORY OF THE

died February 8, 1875. Mr. Harris selected for liis second wife Mm
Mary J. Amos, of McGillivray Township. Mr. Harris is what nmy
be termed a self-made man. He commenced in life without means,
and what he has accumulated has been the result of his own industry
and economy. He scorns a mean action, and endeavors to live an
honest and upright life. He is a man of decided opinions, and l)old
and fearless in expressing them ; and when his mind is once made up it
is diflicult to change it. He has pronounced political preferences, and
Her ]\Iajesty has no more loyal subject in the Mother Country or
Colonies. In his religious preferences he is a Presbyterian,

George M. Harrison.

George M. Harrison, member of the banking iinn of Harrison &
Rathburn, Glencoe, was born in London Town.ship, Middlesex County,
January 18, 1844, son of William and Elizabeth (Smibort) Harrison.
The father was a native of Hull, England, and came with his parents
to Canada when about six years of age, or in the year 1818. Here his
parents passed the remainder of their days. William grew to man-
hood in that county, and in 182!l was united in marriage to Miss
Elizabeth Smibert, a native of Scotland, born near the City of Edin-
burgh, 1811. In 1818 she came to Canada with her parents, and set-
tled in London Township. To Mr. and Mrs. Harrison were born
eleven children, four sons and seven daughters, George M. being tlie
youngest son of the family. He remained with his parents until his
nineteenth year, and then entered the public schools, passed a satisfac-
tory examination before the County Board of Examiners in 1863, and
the following year began teaching in the public school of the village of
Thorndale, which position he held for four years. In 1867 he came to
Glencoe and established a mercantile and grain business, but soon
afterwards entered into a partnership with Mr. I. Rathburn. Together
thej' conducted the business until 1877, when they closed out their
mercantile business and immediately established the banking house,
which they now conduct. lu 1877, Mr. Harrison married ]\Iiss Itachel
Currie, a native of Glencoe, and a daughter of Nathaniel and Eliziiboth
(Weeks) Currie, who were natives of Canada. Her fatlier served as a
member of the Aluiucipal Council of Glencoe, also County ( 'ouncil,
and was a Member of Parliament. To Mr. and Mrs. Harrison were
born four children, two sons and two daughters. In 1875, Mr. Har-
rison was elected clerk of the village of Glencoe, and has held tlie
position since. In 1884 he was elected to the position of secretary
and treasurer of the Board of Public Education, which position ho is
now holding, and is past-master of Lome Lodge, No. 1282, A. F. & A. M.
In political matters he has always been a supporter of the Liberal jiarly
and princij)les. He and Mrs. Harrison are worthy members of the
Church of England.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

Henry Haskett.

851

Henry Haskett, house and sign painter, decorator, and dealer in
wall paper, paints and oils, in London, has been connected with the
history of Middlesex County since 184(!, He was born in County
Galway, Ireland, October 10, 1833, and is a son of Thomas Haskett,
who was a native of Tipperary, Ireland, and who immigrated to County
Galway when young, and there grew to manhood, afterwards marrying
in that county Miss Eliza Heir. He learned the painter's trade in his
youth, and made that his calling through life. In 1846 he immigrated
with his family to Canada, locating in London, where he worked at
his trade, until his death. His widow is still living at the advanced
age of 84 years, and notwithstanding her great age, possesses a clear
and active mind, and bids fair to see many more years of useful-
ness. She became the mother of eight children, only the following of
whom are living: — Maria, Henry and Kate. He (Henry Haskett)
was reared to his present business, as was his father and grandfather
before him. He learned his trade under his father's instruction, and
became thoroughly conversant with all its details. After his father's
deatli, in company with his brother Jiimes, who is now decea.sed,
established a business that has a standing second to no similar estab-
lishment in this section of the country, and the business has grown
from a small beginning to its ])resent proportions. Through nearly
thirty years' experience in business life he has been very successful,
and his patrons testify to his ability and jiopularity. He is a man of
inde]iendent thought, and makes up his mind after mature deliberation,
and throughout his long residence in London has won the confidence
and esteem of all who know him, not only as a business man, but in
society circles also.

Jacob Hav/kins.

Among the most important industries of Middlesex County, Canada,
may be mentioned the St. Johns P'louring Mill, of which Mr. Hawkins
is proprietor. He was born in 1 )evonshire, England, in January, 1844,
and is the son of George and Charlotte Hawkins, who were also born in
England. The father learned the trades of miller, farmer, baker and
maltster, but gave the most of his attention to milling. In 1855 he
immigrated to Canada, taking passage at Liverpool and landing at New
York City ; thence to Kingston, where they resitled two years, and then
came to the County of Elgin, where the father was engaged in farming
and flour and saw milling. At the end of ten years he came to Lon-
don, where he kept a floiu- and feed store for about three years, and
then went back to England, taking his wife and two daughters with
hin), Jacob Hawkins was eleven years of age when he came to
Canada, but the greater part of his earlier education was obtained in

852

HISTOIiY OF THE

Englaiid. He learned the miller's trade from his fothor, and in 18(i7
he came to St. Johns and rented the mill for two years, which ho now
owns. At the end of that time he purchased tlie mill, also a farm of
ninety-five acres, both of which he has successfully man.aged up to the
jtresent time. The mill is equipped with both steam and water jiowcr,
and its capacity is ."iOO bushels per twenty-four hours. The mill
manufactures flour on the stone ])rocess, and also the i'ull roller process,
with the best improved machinery. The engine is forty horse-jrawer,
the head of water is twelve feet deep, and the mill dam is an expensive
one, costing nearly S3,000. In 18G7 he was married to Miss (Irace
Penhale, a native of Elgin County, by whom he has four children —
Minnie W., Edwin E., Freddie A. and Ida G. Mr. Hawkins and wife
are members of the Metliodist Church, he being Secretary and Trea-jurer
of the same, and also Steward of the Quarterly Board of St. Johns'
Circuit. He has held a number of offices of tru.st, and he is a man
who holds a high position in the estimation of the people. Mrs.
Hawkins died in January, 1880.

William Hayman.

William Hayman is a successful contractor and builder, of London,
Ont., and was born in Devonshire, England, on the 13th of Septoiiiber,
1841, his parents being, William and Susan (Banks) Hayman, of the
same shire. He leiirned the mason's trade in Devonshire, England,
and then enlisted in the o.Srd llegiment of the English Army, and
came to Canada in 1866, during the Fenian Raid, where he purchased
his discharge and went to work at his trade, which has since received
the most of his attention. Among the buildings contracted for by him
are : — Stevens & Burns Factory, Beiniett Furniture Factory, Wortiuau
& Ward's, McChiry Manufacturing Company, Darvill's Foundry, auil
Union Black ; and with his partner, built additions to Thompson's
waggon factory, and Andrew McCormick's store and other buildings.
He was the first man to use the steam hoist in London, and has made
what he has by industry and economy. He belongs to the St. George's
Lodge of A. F. & A. M., and also a member of St. George's Chapter,
No. 5, and is also a member of the I. 0. O. F. He was a member of
the London East Council for three years. In 1858 ho was married to
Miss Jane Baker, who was born in Devonshire, England, and by lier
is the father of five children— Mary J. (wife of William M. Allisterj,
Annie (wife of James Armstrong), Henry, Minnie, and Bessie .

Andrew S. Heake.

Andrew S. Heake, Justice of the Peace and a representative
citizen of the Township, is a native of Newfoundland, born August

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

853

14tli, 1843, and is of Trish-Enj^lisli oxtiuctif)!). His jiaronts, Andnnv
iiiul Anu'liii (Saimiios) Ileake, wiii'u burn in Iroluiid and Enj^land
respectively. The futlier is now a resident of Ireland, but the niotiier
died in Adelaide Township in 1(S84. Of the six children born to this
iniion, Andrew S. was the second. He came to Canada in 1851, and
lived in London until 185."i, when he came to Adelaide Township and
settled on Lot L'3, Third Cojicession north of the E^reniont road, where
he now has an excellent farm of IdO acres. He is Indei)endent in his
political views, and was ai)])ointed J. V. in 1<SSI, which position he
still holds. 'luly, 1S6."), he wedded Miss Elizabeth Jane Seed, who
was born in Adelaide Township, Jan. l.">, 1848, on the 2nd Concession,
north of tlie Egremont Road, and her parents were pioneer settlers of
Adelaide Township. To Mr. and Mrs. Heake were born four children
— William Andrew, born Ajn'il 'M), IStlG ; Emily Amelia, born March
5, 18(18 ; Eliza Jane, born Nov. .S, 1870, and Mary Clara Malinda, born
Nov. 14, 1874. Mr. Heake is ;. member of the Euclid Lodge, No.
3(J6, A. F, & A. M., at Strathroy, and in religious views the entire family
arc Methodists.

James Healey.

James Healey, farmer and banker, is a native of Middlesex
Comity ; born in Adelaide Town.ship, on the Second Concession north
of the Egremont Road, February 14, 1838; son of James and Rosanna
(Callahan) Healey, natives of Ii'eland. The father was born in 1702,
and the mother in 1812. They immigrated to Canada in LS32, located
in Adelaide Township, where they were among the first settlers. The
father died in this township in 18(11, and the mother in 1888. Of
the six children born to their marriage, -Fames Healey is the second. He
attained his growth on the farm, and at that occupation he has con-
tinued — in connection with stock raising — all his life. He was choseu
as one of five, by the Dominion Government, to represent the sheep
industry of Canada at the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876, and was
successful in securing three medals and three diplomas. In 1877 he
removed to his present jilace of residence, near Strathroy, and, in 1878,
lie, in partnership with P^dward Rowland and John Shields, engaged
in the banking business in Strathroy, under the firm name of E. Row-
land & Co,, and this title still continues. In 1864 he wedded Miss
Johanna Walsh, a native of Ontario, born 1842, and to them were born
seven children — .lolm E,, Ella, Teresa, Albert F., Alice C, Joseph P.
and Lizzie May. Mr. Healey is a Reformer in jiolitics, and a member
of the Strathroy City Council for the past two years, and represents
the U)v/n in the County Council at the present time. He has been a
resident of Middlesex for more than half a century, and has always
been considered one of the active, enterprising men of this part of the
county. He and family are members of the Roman Catholic Church.

854

HISTORY OF THK

John Heaman.

Jol,n Heaman is a dealer in fresh and salted meats in London,
Canada, and the sticcess which has attended his etl'orts is a good illus-
tration of the possibilities of the conntry for a young man, whose only
capital is his pluck and energy. John Heaman is now in the prune
of life, and occupies a prominent position among the business men of
London. He was born in Dalton, Devonshire. England, February I'D,
1848, and is a son of John and Maria (Pickard) Heaman, both of
whom were born in Devonshire, England, the former a carriage builder
by occxipation. The subject of this biograjjhy is the eldest of their five
children, and was reared in his native county, and at the age of eighteen
yccars began working at the butcher's trjide, and in 1871 came to
London, where he has since made his home and has been engaged in
his present business. At the last municipal election he was chosen to
represent the First Ward in the City Council, and thus far has proven
himself a faithful public .servant, and has ever had the welfare of his
adopted city at heart. He is now enjoying the reward of an honest
and u.sefid citizen — the confidence and respect of hi.s fellow-men. In
1(S71 he married Miss ]\Iary J. Cole, of Devonshire, England, by
whom he has become the father of three children — John, Amy M. and
Charlie. Mr. Heaman is a member of the Sons of England and of the
Ancient Order of Foresters, and in religion is a member of the Metho-
dist Church.

George Heaman.

George Heaman, carriage and waggon-builder, of London. The
life of this gentleman is a good illustration of the height that can be
attained on the ladder of success by a young man of detennination and
energy, and he now occupies a prominent po.sition among the business
men of London. He was born in Dalton, Devonshire, P2ngland, May
5, 1849, and is a son of John Heaman, who was a native also of
Devonshire, and a waggon-maker by trade. He was married to Maria
Pickard, and by her became the father of five children, George being
the second of their family. The latter was reared in the town of his
birth, and served a thorough apprenticeship at the waggon and carriage
trade, becoming very jjroficient in all its details. He immigrated to
Canada in 1871 and settled in London, but soon after went to Mem-
phis, Tennessee, where he remained three years. He then returned to
London and established his present business, and since 1873 has been
closely identified with the interests of his adopted city. In municipal
affairs he has been a prompt and active worker, and for four years
served as councillor of London East, and was deputy-reeve for one
year of Middlesex County. After that suburb became a part of the
City of London, Mr. Heaman was chosen alderman of the 5th Ward,

aj.so

Johns

saws

he k

Londo

of h

the cit

Jnan-ie

by he

iiieinbt

Societ\

are deji
saiu'tar^
phimbe
ill St.

COUNTV OF MIDDLESKX.

855

and has since held that position, there being no more faithful guardian
of its interests. From his first settlement here he has taken a deep
interest in everything tending to the interests of London, and while
firm in his convictions and of decided opinions, his course has been so
liberal and sf) conservative that popularity has been almost unani-
mously awarded him. He was married in 1874 to Miss Isabella Simp-
son, a native of Scotland, by whom he has the following family: — George,
Agnes M., Bella, and -lohn A. The latter is the eldest of the above
family. He was educated in the liectory street school under the charge
of Mr. Eckert, and passed an e.\amination for admission to the Collegiate
Institute that e.xcolled the recoitl of any student in the Province of
Ontario, obtaining 34".» per cent, out of 735.

T. J. Heard.

T. J. Heard, stonemason and marble worker was born in Devon-
shire, England, December 10, 1853, and is the eldest of three sons and
seven daughters born to the marriage of George Heard and Grace Johns.
He leiirned the stonemason's trade under the supervision of his father,
and in 1873 came to Canada and commenced working at his trade,
which has received his attention up to the present time. In 1876, in
connection with a partner, he launched in business for himself, and has
done a large portion of the flagstone work of the city. In connection
with his partner, John Matthewson, he took the contract for the
Masonic Temple, and also does a large work for the county in bridge
building. He handles the Euclin and Berne stone of Cleveland, and
als(j works in marble and granite. He put up the monument of Alex.
Johnson in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, and has lately put in a gang of
saws in his establishment for sawing stone. In connection with this
he keeps a wood yard, and sells all kinds of hard wood. He came to
London without means, and the prosperity he now enjoys is the result
of his own industry. He has built many of the finest buildings in
the city, and his work is strictly first-class. In October, 1881, he was
man-ied to May Isabel Matthewson, who was born in Woodstock, and
by her has two children — Bertie M. and George F. Mr. Heard is a
iiieinber of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. 0. O. F., also the St. George's
Societv.

William H. Heard.

William H. Heard represents an establishment on which our homes
are dependent for many comforts and conveniences, as well as for their
sanitary arrangement, and is among the competent and reliable
plumbers, steam and gas-fitters of the City of London. He was born
in St. Thomas, Elgin County, Nov, 30, 1859, and until seventeen

856

IIISTOHY OF THE

years of iijie resided on a Airm, then canio to London and embarked on
Ilia bnsiness career in the employ of Essex, Murray & Jolitfe. After
some time he entered into business on his own account, in com])any
with .lames Greenway, and remained thus associated for about a year
and a-half; then inirchased his partner's interest, and has since con-
ducted the business alone under the present firm name of \V. H. Heard
& Co. His business at first M'as very modest, but has grad\ially
•{rown in size until it has assumed its present admirable proportions.
They manufacture as well as deal in the various approved systems of
heating ajjparatus, and also manufacture galvanized range boilers and
stands, lead piping, electric house bells, pum))s of all kinds, beer
engines, artistic gas fixtures, in fact many articles too numerous to
mention which are needed for the comfort find adornment of homes.
They have fitted up some of the leadiiig buildings and handsomest
private residences of London, and their work has given the best of satis-
faction. Mr. Heard has a natural aptitude for the business, and it only
requires an inspection of his establishment to become convinced of the
methodical and systematic manner in which the business is conducted,
his stock of marble and hardwood mantels, with their necessary ac-
companiments, being especially worthy of notice. The patronage the
house enjoys is a fitting tribute to the standing of Mr. Heard as a
business man and a citizen. In Nov. 1884, he was mamed to ^liss
May P. Bristol, of Rochester, N. Y. He is Past blaster in Khig
Solomon's Lodge, No. ;)7<S, of the A. F. & A, M., and is a member of
St. John's Chapter, No. 3. His parents, John and Susanna G.
(Taylor) Heard, were botli of English birth, and the father was a
builder and contractor by occupation, as well as a farmer.

M. He AT ON.

M. Heatou, Manager of the Molsons Bank of London, Canada, was
born in Gloucester, England, in December, 1844, being a .son of Eev.
George Heaton, who was also born in England. The latter is a minis-
ter of the Church of England, and is residing in the County of Kent,
England. He was married to Miss Elizabeth J. Wood, who is now
deceased, and by her became the father of eleven children, ten of
whom are living. Mr. Heatou, whose name heads this sketch, is their
seventh-born, and until four years of age resided in his native town.
He was then taken by his parents to London, England, where he grew
to manhood and received his education, graduating at what is now
known as St. John's College. In 1861 he came to Canada in com-
pany with his father, the latter locating at a place called Three Rivers,
where he filled a vacant pulpit for a number of years.

M. Heaton went to Chicago, 111., soon after his arrival in Canada,
and also spent some time in the West, being absent several months.
Ht then returned to Canada, locating at Montreal, where he entered

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

857

tlie Bank of Montreal as junior clerk at £50 per year. In 1870
lie was promoted to accountant, and in 1H76 became Insjiector of
tlu! Molsons Bank at London, but continued to live at Montreal until
1887, when he moved to London, and has since become niana<,'er of
the same. Durinj,' Mr. Heaton's lankiiif,' career lie has never remained
more than a year in one bank, being transfened to branch banks in
different jiarts of the Dominion. He is a gentleman well worthy the
confidence reposed in him, and is fitted to fill any jtosition in eomiec-
tion with the banking business. In 1870 he was married to Emeline
Hunter, by whom he has two children — Edith and Maud. They are
members of the Church of England, and he is a member of the Masonic
fraternity.

R. HENDERSON.

R. Henderson, License Inspector, of London, Out, has been a resi-
dent of London for over thirty years, and has attained a well-merited
position as a man and citizen. His birth occurred in Montreal,
Canada, January 28, LS32, he being a son of Robert Henderson, who
was a native of Scotland. He came to Canada about l<Sl!S, and was
married to Miss Ann Ross, who died when the subject of this sketch
was a small child. The latter, after attaining a suitable age, com-
menced working at the cooper's trade, and in 18511 came to London,
and for many years was in the employ of the late Charles Hunt, as
foreman in his cooper shop. In I87<i he was appointed by the Gov-
ernment of Ontario to his present position, and has made an efficient
and faithful officer, and has won the confidence and good-will of his
fellow-meu. In 1857 he married Miss Margaret Lees, a native of
Scotland, and by her has a family of si.\ children— Margaret (wife of
Alex. Knox, who is in the employ of the Grand Trunk Railroad, and
is agent at Ceutralia), William, Fred, Jane, Robert and Christina.

James M. Henderson.

James M. Henderson, J. P., one of the leading farmers of Adelaide
Township, is a native of County Oxford, Canada, born October L'2,
1837, and is the third son of James and Dorothy (Kinney) Hender-
son. The father was born in Ireland, and left his native country to
come to Canada in ISoi, settling in County Oxford, where he died at
the unusual age of 103 years. The mother was born in 1808, and
oiinie to Canada in 1815, and now resides in Adelaide Townsliij) with
her son James. Mr. Henderson was reared on the fiirm, and is at
present engaged in agricultural pursuits, though for a number of years
lie carried on the carpenter business. In 1872 he purchased his present
farm, Lot IG, Third Concession, North Egremout road, which consi.st3

858

HISTORY OF TlIK

of 100 acn^s of well-improved Iftiul. He ia one of the directors of the
West Middlesex Agricultural Association. In 1H62, Mr. Henderson
chose for his coniitanion in life Miss Hridcret Burns, second daughter of
James and Marv (Diiien) Hums, who was born in Ireland in 1835,
and who bore him four children — Teresa, Saraii, James and Francis.
Mr. Henderson is Conservative in jwlitics, or is, rather, hulependent, as
he sujiports the one wliom lie considers tlui best man. In 18SG ho
was ajjpointed Auditor of Adelaide Township, and still holds that
position. He is a representative farmer aud a member of tlie Catholic
Church, aud is a strong Home lluler.

Thomas C. Hewitt.

Thomas C. Hewitt, president of the Globe Lightning Rod Co., was
born iu Oxford County, Ontario, January 4, 1847, son of Thomas anil
Mary (Cumbaugh) Hewitt, and the youngest of eight children born to
them. He was reared principally at Grimsby, and commencerl in early
life selling goods on the road. In 1878 he came to London and engaged
iu the manufacture of lightning rods, all-copper cable rods. He has,
this season, from thirty-five to fifty agents on the road ; does a large
business ; has superior quality of rod, and his trade extends in all
directions from London. He has served as a member of the City
Council, and has served as chairman of the Board of Water Commis-
sioners. He is a wide-awake, stirring business man, and has always
made a success of whatever he has undertaken. He was married in
1870 to Miss Martha Sanford Miller, who was born in Battle Creek,
Mich. This union resulted in the birth of four children, all now living
— Jennie M., William Edgar, Thorpe T., and Mary Allen. Mr. Hewitt
is a member of the Egyptian Rite, member of the Masonic fraternity,
and also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters.

Alexander Hilton.

Prominent among the leading contractors and builders of Middlesex
County, and among those deserving recognition for their long residence
in this County stands the name of Alexander Hilton, who was born
in County Sussex, England, Feb. 2, 1816 ; son of Charles and Mary
Ann (Webb) Hilton, also natives of County Sussex, England. The
father was born in 1795, and the mother in 1794. They came to
Canada in 1832, settled first in the village of Delaware, but after a
short residence there moved to Westminster in 1836. The family
then moved to Adelaide Township, and were among the first settlers
of that region. The father died in 1351, and the mother in
1837. Of the nine children born to their union, Alexander Hilton was
the eldest. He began life for himself by farming, and followed this

GEORGE T. HISCOX.

occnpati

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tlio imtni

mill at (

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of tiino.

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Among
citizens of
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early tendei'ii
service he so(
Win. Meek.
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addition to his
successful deal
over a large te
chase i-eal esta
landed propert

COUNTY OK MIUDI-KSKX.

65'J

oconpatioii for two years, when ho b('<,'aii olorkiiifj in a f,'oiieral sturo at
Delawari!. In IMIi'i lu; l)L'<,'iin tlio carpiiiiUjr's tnidn unilor a nuiii by
till! nanu) of John NorLhwood, who was acciilontally killinl in a saw
mill at (hathani in l(S4(l. In tho sprinj; of l(S;!7, Mr. Hilton went to
Id'troit, whcne ho roniainoil for about two yt;ars, and then wont to Ann
Arbor, Miohigan, whoro ho nanainod for about tho saino lonj;th
of tiino. Ho thiMi roturnod to Delaware, Out., where he lived for
several years, and then removed to a farm in Adelaide Townslii|>. In
l.S'iT he came to Strathroy, where he has since resided, and has carried
on tho carpenter's and builder's business for the mrtst of the time
since. Ho is the olilest buililor in the place, and helped to erect the
first church in the villai,»o of Adelaide, tho first church in the village of
Delaware, the first I'rosbyterian church at St. Thomas, and tho first
church in Stmthroy. Ho is a lleformer in politics, and in 1860 was
ait]iointed assessor of Strathroy, and, with the exception of about four
years, has held tho position ever since. He was married in 1.S41 to
Miss Martha Humphries of Ami Arbor, Mich. Mrs. Hilton dietl in
18.S.5, leaving six children — Charlotte, Maria, Jane, Kachel, Hattio
and James. Mr. Hilton is a member of the Swedenborgiau Church,
nnd has been a resident of Canada for fifty-six years. He is higldy
I'L'.spectod.

GEORGE T. HISCOX.

Among those who deservedly rank with the progi'essive and leailing
citizens of London, Out, stands the name of the above-mentioned
gentleman. His father, Thomas Hiscox, was born at Shopton Mallet,
in Somersetshire, England, in 1811, on the farm known as Worthy
Place, and remained there, engaged in agricultural j)ursuits, until
twenty-two years of age. He then came to the United States, landing
at New York, in company with a brother, now the Rev. llichard His-
CO.X, of Southport, Columbia County, N. Y. From there he removed
to St. Thomas, and soon after took an active part in tho Rebellion,
early tendering two valuable horses to the Govermnent, into whose
service he soon entered as dispatch-lxsarer, in company with the late
Win, Meek. Upon the restoration of peace, he came to London and
took a contract for carrying the mail, Later starting a livery stable. He
subsequently established an hotel and stable at Paris, in connection
witli his business in London ; and about this time he carried on an
extensive passenger transportation and freighting business to Suspen-
sion Bridge, over one hundred horses being used in the trade. In
addition to his other interests, Mr. Hiscox became an extensive and
successful dealer in horaes, his operations in this direction reaching
over a large territory, and while thus occupied, he found time to pur-
chase real estate here and there until he was the owner of considerable
landed property, being the largest real estate owner in the city at the

860

HISTORY OF THE

time of his deatli ; and a marked characteiistic was, he never sold any
city property. He was a man of sound judL;iiient, in the exercise of
whicii he rarely erred, of acknowledged ability as a business man, and
devoted to his busniess, whicli he established upon a substantial liasis;
and it is worthy of remark, that his livery interests, afterwards con-
diicted by his son, were the oldest in the IJominion. Upon the; com-
pletion of the railroad, lu; discontinued his Paris stable, and devoted
himself to i'arming and his real estate business, in connection with his
London stable, until IH(W. Januarj' 5, liS42, Mr. Hiscox was married
to Miss Anna Knott, a native of Nottingham, England. Thomas Ili.s-
cox died October 3, LSSo, leaving, besides his widow, who still survives,
two children — George T. and Elizabeth Ann, now Mrs. T. U. llodgens.
fJeorge T. Hiscox, who has fully sustained his father's well-known
excellent business capacity, was born in London, .May 0, 1S49, and was
here reared and educated, growing up to a thorough knowledge of the
livery business, to which he succeeded in 1808. In his conduct of
this industry, the same characteristics which had so marked his father's
.successful career were developed and manifested to an unusual degree
in the son, and, until 1887, he was numbered among the most pronii-
nent and prosperous men of that calling in the city, at the same time
caring for the large real estate interest inherited from his father. He
has always taken an active interest in public ailairs, and, in 1S75 was
elected Alderman, serving for seven years. During this time he
served a» chairman of the principal committees, among which was
the Hos])ital, Park and Special Committee, ;tnd, in 1878, ran the Hos-
pital for 85,000 less than ever expended in any previous year. In
1884 he was made Chairman of the Attraction Committee of the
Western Eair Association, and, in 1885, re-elected to the same ]iosi-
tiou. He ju'oposed and carried to successful termination the first
trotting exhibition by electric liglit, to the delight of thousands of
.spectators, and large pecuniary profit to the Association. In 1S87 lie
was elected one of the Connnissioners of Water- works by the largest
vote ever recorded. He was returned to the same positioi in LSSiS,
and wa, made Chairman of the IJoard, discharging the duties jjcrtain-
ing to this position in an acc(;pcable manner, the past year being the
most successful year, financially, in the history of the works.

^Ir. Hiscox is a man of recognized ])ublic spirit, earnest in all
matters tending to the advancement of the community, and one ever
ready to lend his influence towards the development of the resources of
his city ; of broad and liberal views, he his positive in his • convictions,
outsi)oken and fearless in expressing his o])inions, but careful and
considerate of the feedings of others. In l!S84 he was appointed a
Justice (jf the Peace, and he has steadfastly refused to accept alee for
duties pertaining to this jtosition, believing it an honorary one, and
should l)e i)erformed without money or without price. Mr. Hiscox is
the father of " Livery lleform." A number of years ago, livery keepers
were licensed under munici})al councils, which aHbrded them no pro-

tection '

civil del

iVr. His

wln'cJi, M

Jirotectio

late M. c

•jiinst an

"itli the

corporatio

license.

eron's oph

ing the j.r:

Jveejjei's be

tection is

liorses JioiK

w-ith the CO

to tliose w]

^^iiss .Sarah

settler and

Their thi'ee

^ii: Hiscox

i''igland, Fo

Hiscox has n

"itei'ost, and

attractive ho

^Vilham 1
paionts beino
^'■all. The I
business. Af
Campbellford,
then immigi'at
the cooper's bi
Joine in Loudc
folJowed his ch
fhe London &
J^'itli remarkab
J^oiiiinion, and
^ the ability
«ockin. He i,^
'^hurch. of wliic
and he was mai
7*;i'<g children:
'^ T. It. Par],,,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

8(Jl

tectinii whatever a<»ainst the iinscrujmloiis hirer, a livery hire being a
civil debt. Recognizing the disadvantages of so imperfect a system,
Mr. Hiscox at once took steps towards the inauguration of a law
which, while just and equiUible in principle, would aHbrd substantial
protection to the livery-kee])er. In the meantime he consulted the
late M. C. CameroTi, Q, C, of Toronto, and received from that eminent
jurist an opinion, the puiport of which was in substantial agreement
with the opinion entertained by Mr. Hiscox, namely, that iuunicii)al
corporations had no power to exact any fee other than the cost of the
liuense. A test ca.se was made of it in the law courts, and Mr. Cam-
eron's opinion was upheld ; and a law has since been passed embody-
ing the jirinciple and suhstance of the opinion of counsel; and livery-
keepers being now licensed under the Police Commissioners, full pro-
tection is given, while every facility is ailorded to collect what the
liorses honestly earn. He is an excellent financier, and his connection
with the commercial affairs of London has proven of inestimable value
to those with whom he has had to do. In 1877 he was married to
Jliss Sarah Rattenbury, whose fatlier, AV. Rattenbury, was the first
settler and founder of Clinton, and known as the father of Clinton.
Their three children are Ella M., Frederick ,T. and Sarah Josej)hine.
Mr. Hiscox is a member of the Masonic Order, I. O. 0. K., Sons of
England, Foresters, St. George's Society and Knights of Pythias. Mr.
Hiscox has now retired from active life, devoting his time to his jirivate
interest, and living quietly in the enjoyment of his family at his
attractive home, known as " Worthy Place."

William Hockin.

William Hockin was born in Cornwall, England, Jan. (3, 1S19, his
]ttrents being Thomas and Jane (Pett) Hockin, natives also of Corn-
wall. The father was a cooper by trade, and reared his son to that
business. After the latter had finished his apprenticeship he went to
( ampbellford, where he was engaged in business for himself until 185:j;
then immigrated to Canada, and settled at Guelph, where he conducted
the cooper's business until 1867, since whicli time he has made his
home in Loudon. Soon after his arrival here he opened a .shop, and
followed his chosen calling until 1886, when he became identified with
the London & Petrolea Barrel Works, in which enterprise he has met
with remarkable success. The patronage they receive throughout the
iJominion, and the satisfactory results of their efibrts, warmly testify
to tlie ability with which the establishment is conducted by ^Ir.
Hockin. He is a liberal contributor and member of the Methodist
Church, of which he is also an official. While residing in his native
land he was married to Miss Rebecca Saltern, who has borne him the fol-
lowing children: — Neheraiah, a merchant of Port Hope ; Margaret, wife
of T. R. Parker; William, John and Jennie, wife of William Weir.

862

HISTOItY OF THE

Willi.im, the son, is associated w ith his father in the Works, being fove-
inaii, and was born in t'ainpbellford, England, Feb. :>, 1848, and lias
wori^ed all his hfe fit the cooper's trade, and is an excellent judgi; nt'
timber suitable for their ])roduct. He was married to Miss Addle Ward,
ci' London, by whom he has one child, (Gordon William.

Charles C. Hodgins.

The Hodgins family have been so closely connected with the growth
and prosperity of Biddulph Townshi]), that it would be almost im-
possible to write a history of tliis part of Middlesex County witlnmt
mentioning their names. The first of the family to settle in Bi(Idul]ili
Township was James, who with his wife Mary, immigrated from tliuir
native land, Ireland, and in September, 18:>2, located at this jilacn.
Their son John was at that time about 18 years of age, having been
born in County Tipperary, Ireland. December 6, 1814. He was of great
assistance to his father in the building of a home, and with him sullered
all the hardships and privations incidentixl to pioneer life. After a
short time John Hodgins entered laud on his own account, which has
now been in his possession over fifty years. Upon the outbreak of tlie
Eebellion in 1837, he enlisted as a volunteer in Her Majesty's service,
advancing in office until he became a captain. On March 17, iStJO,
his loy<alty was rewarded, and he was appointed ]\Iajor in the 6tli
Battalion of Huron Militia by Her Majesty's servant, the Govenmr-
(4eneral. He has always been a staunch Con.servative in politics ;
and, taking an active part in the advancement of Middlesex County,
served the people of liiddulph Township ten years as Beeve ami
Deputy-Reeve. He also held the office of Justice of the Peace sumo
time. On July 16, 1841, he married Miss Amelia Eoberts, who was
born in Ireland, November 12, 1822, and in 1829 accompanied her
j)arents to Canada. She died August 17, 1881, having borne a family
of five sons and foiu' daughters. Of this family, Chiirles C. is tlie
younge.st son and eighth child. He was born in this Township, Septem-
ber 16, 1857, and dming his youth was given the benefit of a good
education. After teaching in the public schools for eight years,
commencing that occujjation at the age of twenty, he located upon the
farm where he now resides. He, like his ancestors, takes an active
interest in county and township jirosperity, and in 1885 was elected
Deputy-Reeve of this Township. In 1887 he was elected Reeve,
which office he now fills. In politics he is Con,servative. In Octo-
ber, 1884, he married Miss Matilda Hodgins, who is now the mother
of two children. The family worship at the Church of England.

s, I8;;i),

Jo.SOJ)]) J

and Bris

our sub]

tliirty-tw

joiner's '

City, and

to work

thence to

the fall ,

•Jeliioy fo

has since

served as

tile Ijoard

tendent of

home in ]

"lid lie lia.'

has been a

iMartha Cri

Jiving child

•fames Wa

Teller in t

is in busiii

twenty-foui

Joseph Hook.

Among the skillful contractors and builders of London, Canada,
may be mentioned Mr. Hook, who was born in Bristol, England, June

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

8G3

8, 18; ''9, boiiig the youngest of four children bom to tho marriage of
J(iso}ih llooic and Mary Burge, natives respectively of Somersetshire
and Bristol, England, the father being a shipwright by trade. Joseph,
our subject, was reared in his native city and there resided uutil^
thirty-two years of age, learning in the meantime the carpenter's and'
joiner's work. On the 7th of June, 1871, he landed in New York
City, and from that city went to Bhiladelphia. He immediately went
to work at his trade, and from I'liiladelphia went to Wayne, Penn.,
thence to Chicago, shortly after the great tire, and there remained until
the fall of 1S73, when he came to Lonilon and worked for William
Jellrey for four years. In 187y he again began doing for himself, and
lias since been working on his own responsibility. In lS8a-()-7 he
served as City Alderman from the Third Ward, and was Chairman of
the Board of Works in 188G, and also served two years as Superin-
tendent of the Fairgrounds. In 18iS4 he made a visit to his old
home in England. He is a Knight Templar in the ]\Iasonic Order,
aiul he has j)assed all the chairs of the Blue Lodge cand Chapter, and
has been a delegate to the Grand Lodge. Iti 1(S56 he married Miss
Martha Cripjjs, who was born in Bristol. They are the parents of two
living children — Ellen and Thomas. The former is now the wife of
.(aines Waistel, and the latter for fourteen years held a position of
Teller in the Dominion Savings and Investment Company, but now
is in business in Toronto. Jo.seph, another sou, died at the age of
twenty-four years,

Thomas Howard.

Thomas Howard, waggon manufactin-er, of London, Canada, and
one of the prominent business men and citizens of the place, was born
in Sapford, Devonshire, England, February 20, 1832, and is the son of
Philip and Mary (Kudall) Howard, both of whom were natives of the
same place as their sou. The father was a blacksmith by occupation,
and died May 10, 1888, at the age of 88 years. The n^other died in
1873. To their marriage were born seven children ; the subject of this
sketch being the only son now living. He learned the blacksmith
business under his father's instruction, and in 185G he came to the
conclusion that he would leave the land of his birth and immigrate to
Canada, which he did, and worked at St. Thomas and Norwich. Here
lie worked as a journeyman until LSfil), when he moved to No. 781
Adelaide street, London, and here established a busines.s, which he has
since continued. He does general blacksmithing and carriage and
waggon work. He was married in 18(11, to Miss Elizabeth Crocker,
who was born in Devonshire, England, and four children were the
result of this union — Francis Phillip, Charles, Thomas Barto, and
William. Mr. Howard has served as a member of the School Board
for eleven years, and is one of the much esteemed citizens of I •^'lon.
He is a member of the I. 0. O. F.. and St. George's Society. .e ■ a
worthy member of the Church of England.

8G4

HISTonV OF THE

Joseph Howlett.

Joseph Howlett, ]iostraaster at Kaper post-office, was born in Dela-
ware Township, Middlesex County, Canada, Jan. 6, 1848, son of John
and Pho'be (Schrinishaw) Howlett, and grandson of Robert and Mary
(Bauwin) Howlett, both worthy people of England. John was born
in Buckinghamshire, England, September G, 1817, and was the second
of a family of ten children born to hLs parents. He worked hard from
early childhood, and later, received a |)osition with a physician by the
name of Dr. Hay ward. In 1S45 he immigrated to Canada and landed
at Quebec, June 28, of the same year. Some time later he proceeded
to Fredericksburg, and, after remaining there a shoit time, ])roceeded
to Middlesex Co., where, becoming im})ressed with the fine a])pearance
of the country, he settled on his ])resent farm, in Delaware Township,
in 1846, purchasing land at S3 per acre. At this time the country
■was sjtarsely settled, and Mr. Howlett experienced the hardshijis and
privations incident to pioneer life. In 184G he married Miss Schrim-
shaw, M'ho bore him ten children, nine now living. She was a native
of Lincoln.shire, Eng., and came with her parents to Canada in Se])-
tember, l<S4r). Mr. Howlett is Liberal in his politics, and he and wife
worship at the Methodist Church of Canada. They reside on tluiir
pleasant place ten miles south-west of London, and are surroimded by
the comforts of life. Their property is the fruits of their own [lersonal
industry and economy. Their son Joseph remained with his parents
until twenty-one years of age, when he began farming for himself.
In 1871 he purchased a farm of fifty acres, on the 3rd Coiieesssion,
Lot 13, Delaware Township, where he still resides. He has since in-
creased his farm to 17o acres, and makes a specialty of stock and
grain. In 1874 he married Miss ]\Iary J. Vanstone, a native of
Fullerton Township, County of Perth, Canada, and by this union
became the fixther of six children, four now living. ^Ir. Howlett is a
member of the Methodist Church of Canada, and is steward and
trustee of same. He has served as ( -oUector of taxes for the Township
of Delaware for 1887 and 1888. In 1878 he was a])])()inted Post-
master ut Kajier, and still holds that position. He is Liberal in his
political views.

ROBERT HUESTON.

Robert Hueston is the proprietor of the Bon Ton Livery 'lam, at
London, Out. One of the rennirkable and distinguished characteristics
of our Western civilization is the number and prominence of com-
pariitively young men in professional, official and business life. iMen
who in older sections find under other conditions would be but enter-
ing upon the threshold of active life, are here found in the full meridian
of success and usefulness. The pluck so necessary for success in any
pursuit seems peculiarly a distinctive mark of the young men of tliis

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

865

county, and hence we find them well to the front in every avocation
of life. Among those who have thus van in life's battles is the subject
of tliis sketch, Eobert Hueston. He was born in the Township of
Nissouri and the County of Middlesex, Canada, in LS");;. His father,
\Villiam Hueston, was a native of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and came
to Canada in about 1845. The maiden name of the mother was Miss
Mary Ann Logan, a native of County of Middlesex, Canada, and
daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Logan, who were early settlers of
this section of the county. Ller mother is still living, and is ninety-
tlin;e years of age. Eleven children were born to Mr. and ]\Irs.
Hueston, Itobert being the third child. He was reared on bis father's
farm until eighteen years of age, and then learned the trade of black-
sniitli, becoming a thoroughly skilled workman. In 1877 he was
united in marriage to ]Miss Louisa Maria Kyan, who was born in Lon-
don, Out, and who is a daughter of James and Louisa M. Kyan. ]\Ir.
and Mrs. Hueston are the parents of three sons — Frederick C, Melville
G., and Iiobert W. Mr. Hueston is a member of the ^fasonic
fraternity, also of the L 0. 0. F., K. of V. and I. O. of Foresters.

Rev. Wintworth D. Hughson.

I!ev. Wintworth D. Hughson, a prominent and well-known citizen,
residing on 3d Concession, Delaware Townsldp, was born in the parish
of Springfield, Kings County, New Brunswick, November .'!0, IS 18.
His ])arents, Joseydi and Elizabeth (Davis) Hughson, were also natives
of New Brunswick. The fannly comes of Irish extraction, and the
progenitors immigrated to New York, and from there to Xew Bruns-
wick at the close of the Revolutionary War. Joseph Hughson was a
farmer Ijy occupation, and it is from him that the subject of this sketch
inherited his sturdy determination of character, which has since mani-
fested it.self. He came to the CJore District, Hamilton, whither his
parents had immigrated, in 18."iO. In 18;37 he enlisted in the Oxford
Battalion of volunteers. In 18.")'.) he began his studies for the ministry,
and in 1843 was ordained a minister in the M. E. Church, by the late
Bishoi) John Keynolds. October 12, ]84.">, he married Miss Eliza
Dobliyn, a native of Canada, born in what is now the County of Elgin,
and of Irish paretitage. Of the six children Ixjrn to this union, five are
now living — William A., a successful practicing physician, residing at
Sacramento, Cal. ; Francis (deceaseil;, who was an attorney ; J. Benson,
at hume ; Cscar H., in California; Wintworth A.; and James A., who
is now in Vermillion, Dakota. In liS(i2, Mr. Hugh.son locateil on a
farm which he had ])reviously ])urchased in Delaware Township while
traveling as an itinerant pastor in charge of the Circuit, making the
jonrney from parish to parish on horseback. He has served as pas-
toi' of tiie church in Delaware Township known as Harris's Church for
some time, and is active in his ministerial duties. The family is widely
known, and is highly respected. Mr. Hughson is Conservative in
politics.

866

HISTOKY OF niK

William Washington Hull.

William Washington Hull, foreman for R. Nicholson, and son of
William H. and Marinda (Sii)les) Hull, was born in tho Township of
Norwich, County of Oxford, Ontario, January 4, 18o7. The father
was born in New Jersey in 1S12, and died May 24, 1884. The niotlior
was born in Canada, and died in Westminster when her son William
W. was about six years of age. He is the fourth of five children born
to his parents, three of whom are now living. He received a common
school education, and worked with his father at the carpenter trade
until twenty years of age, when he commenced business for himself
as a cabinet-maker. This he continued on his own account for eight
years, and then for the succeeding eight years he was foreman iii a
cabinet shop. Since 1876 he has been in the employ of Kobert
Nicholson. He came to Strathroy in 184(), has been a resident of that
village for forty-two years, and is a highly resjiected citizen. His
marriage to Miss Emeline Wells was solemnized in 1858, and they
have one daughter, Mrs. Ida Lawson. Mr. Hull has ten acres of valu-
able land in Strathroy and is in comfortable circumstances. He is
Liberal in his political opinions, has held the office of City ('ouncillor,
and he and ]\Irs. Hull are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church,

CHARLES Hunt (Deceased).

In giving a history of the men of Middlesex County who have
been prominently identified with her interests, it is essential that
Jionorable mention should be made of Charles Hunt, who was for
many years a well-known business man of London. He was bom in
Dorsetshire, England, in 1820, and in his youth immigrated to Canada
and settled in the County of Elgin, at St. Thomas, but after a short
period moved to Windsor, where he became familiar with the details
of mercantile life. During the construction of the Great Western
Kailroad he became comiected with the same, having the contract for
building the bridges and doing a portion of the grading. Impressed
with the importance of London as a manufacturing and distribiitin<;
centre, he, in 1854, erected the City Mills, and afterwards changed his
residence to London, and became prominently identified with its
interests. In connection with his mills he was also engaged in selling
coal and wood, the latter business being the oldest established industry
of the kind in the city. He was a man who at all times took a
deep interest in every enterprise that was calculated to advance
the prosperity of the city, and was one of the best known luen
in Western Ontario ; and by his energy and enterprise did nmcli to
stimulate a development of its resources. He served for some years
as President of the Ontario Loan and Debenture Society, and was also
Local Director of the Bank of British North America. He was one of

the Presid
tor in the
attempt to
nected, or i
would be ii
walk in lift
able. , He

acquaintanc
was born in

Charles

184!^ and a

received got

emj)Joyed.

partners, and

exception of

J^orth-west.

established b'

fnanagement'

"ig, and is no

I" 1888 their

and supplied

capacity of 2i

unsurpassed, a

The Thompson

'" I88(J, was r

opeinte it.

Charles Hi
^eace for the
parents heimr I

^"ewcastle-upon
"otice, was boi
fiar School
^•^ft. and altho
ttany associatio
house, Jong ago t
'^'Hiiiig, like ,n
experience was (
f""; and he ther
faster well kn,
«tone for five vea
'^'b' taken into ^
a««wiation contin
consent. Mr H
«''ganized in his

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

867

I snii of
iwhip of
e father
3 mother
William
ive.n born
common
tev trade
I' himself
, for eight
man in a
of Piobert
ent of that
izcn. His
and they
■es of valu-
!es. ll« is
Councillor,
t Episcopal

pY who have
[seutial that
,\io was for
was born in
|d to Canada
after a short
the details
■at Western
contract for
Impressed
distributing
, changed his
ied with its
,ed in selling
fhed industry
times took a
to advance
known men
did much to
,!• some years
and was also
:o was one ot

the Presidents of the Gas Company for several years, being also a Direc-
tor in the Detroit & Milwaukee and Great Western Railways. To
attempt to enumerate the enterprises with which he was actively con-
nected, or to speak at length of his many admirable traits of character,
would be impossible in the space allotted to this sketch. In every
walk in life his career was above criticism and his honor unimpeach-
able. , He died in 1871, lamented by a large circle of friends and
acquaintances. His wife, whose maiden name was Emma Brewer,
was born in England.

Charles B., the eldest son, was born in Windsor, November 26,
184!t, and after his father's death succeeded to the business, having
received good training under his father, with whom he had been
employed. After his brother John arrived at maturity they became
partners, and the firm has since been known as Hunt Bros., with the
exception of three years (1881-3), when the latter was absent in the
North-west. It is worthy of note that the business so successfully
established by the father has not deteriorated in the least under the
management of his sons ; but, on the contrary, has been steadily gi'ow-
ing, and is now considered one of the prosperous enterprises of the city.
In 1S88 their mill was consumed by fire, but it was speedily rebuilt
and supplied with the latest improved machinery, having now a
capacity of 200 barrels per day, tlie quality of their product being
unsurpassed, and commands a ready sale both at home and abroad.
The Thompson & Houston electric light plant, which was established
ia I88(j, was purchased the following year by the Hunt Bros., who now
operate it.

Charles Hutchinson.

Charles Hutchinson, County Crown Attorney and Clerk of the
Peace for the County of Middlesex, was born June 22, 1826, his
parents being Dr. Francis Hutchinson and Frances Losh his wife, of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, where their son, the subject of this
notice, was born. Charles Hutchinson attended the Hoyal Gram-
mar School in Newcastle, entering abo<it the time Judge Elliot
left, and although they were not school-fellows, yet they have
many associations in common in connection with the old school
house, long ago torn down. He came to London, Canada, in 1846, in-
tending, like most young Englishmen, to farm ; but six months'
experience was enough to convince him that farming would not suit
him, and he therefore attached himself to the late H. C. R. Becher, a
barrister well known in Middlesex County, and after studying Black-
stone for five years, was admitted to the Bar (1852), and was immedi-
•itely taken into partnership by Mr. Becher, his legal preceptor. This
association continued for three years, when it was dissolved by mutual
consent. Mr. Hutchinson was a Lieutenant in the first cavalry troop
organized in his neighborhood, Mr. Rivers, then of the Bank of Upper

8G8

HlSTOUY OF THE

Canada, being Captain. Mr. Hutchinson served only a short time, as
the work took too much of his time and attention, and it was a period
of profound peace. In LSoS he was appointed County Crown
Attorney on the creation of the office, and succeeded Col. Askiii us
Clerk of the Peace in the fall of I86'.t. He has been a member of the
^lasonic fraternity nearly thirty-five years, and is now a member of
the Kilwinning Lodge, of London. He is a member of the E])isco]ial
Church, as were his progenitors, and has been twice married, first in
Detroit in 1858 to Frances M. Street, a sister of the Hon. AV. P. li.
Street, Judge of the High Court of Justice. She died in 1801, and he
took for his second wife ^liss Annie Johnson, daughter of Henry A.
Johnson, of the Post Office Department of London, by whom he has
six living children ; two children are dead. Mr. Hutchinson is ofiiuiot,
nnassuming manners, and his true ability and worth have placed him
among the representative men of Middlesex County.

ST. JOHN HYTTENRAUCH.

The short sketch which here appears is that of one of the success-
ful and prominent musical directors of Ontario. He was born in the
City of Copenhagen, Deimiark, Aug. 14, 1833, and is a son of .racob
Hyttenrauch and Dorothea (HoernJ Hyttenrauch, who were both bom
in the same place. They were the parents of four children, St. John
being the eldest son and second child. He was reared in his birth-
place, and at an early day manifested a talent for music, and spent his
early years in preparatory study under the careful guidance (jf his
father, who was a talented musical director, and at a later jieriod
received instruction on the clarionet and piano, of the celebrated
Schieman, in the Eoyal Chapel, and was also a pupil of Nicholi lier-
rendt. Cantor Lund was his instructor in harmony. He spent seven
years in the army, two years of this time as a volunteer, having en-
tered two years previous to the time required, and after receiving his
discharge, immigrated to Canada, in 1858, and settled in London, where
a sister had jireceded him, and liere he has since made his home. By
untiring effort he has succeeded admirably in raising the standard of
music in London, and has given his whole time to musical instruction.
He organized the first military bands, the 7th Fusiliers being one, and
raised it to such a degree of perfection that its reputation excelled that
of any baud in the Dominion, and it also acquired an enviable reputa-
tion in the United States. He resigned his position as Band Master
in 1874, and returned to Denmark to visit the home of his youth, and,
after his return to Canada, he resumed his musical instruction, anil for
six years was the Music Master of the Hellmuth Boys' College, and held
the same position in the Public Schools of London for ten years. xVt
the present time he is connected with the Collegiate Institute as music
masLer, and has been connected with the different musical societies of

COUXTY OF MIDDLESEX.

860

London in the capacity of (,'onductor, particularly the London Musical
Union and the Pliilliavnionic. In ISSl he was a])pointcd Director of
Music in Alma College, St. Thomas. It is a noticeable fact that into
his ell'orts he has thrown his whole mind and soul, and, as a result, he
•has succeeded wonderfully in elevating the standard of music in Lon-
don and the surrounding country, and has been an indefatigable and
tireless worker. In 188.S he was elected President of the Canadian
Society of Musicians. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and also
helongs to the Canadian and Independent Order of Foresters. In lH(i2
lie was mari'ied to Miss Wilhelmine Albertus, of Denmark, and a
daughter of Christian and Christine (Moerck) Albertus, both of whom
were natives of Denmark, the former being a prominent merchant.
Mrs. Hyttenrauch was born in 1832, and in 1862 came to Canada.
She is the mother of a sou and daughter — Laurards and Huldah.

William Ireland.

William Ireland, Esq., and deputy-reeve of Adelaide Township,
was born in Scotland, near Springbank, August 2, 1838, and is the son
of William and Jane (Bishop) Ireland, grandson of IJayne Ireland, and
great-grandson of William Ireland, who was born in Scotland in 1741,
and lived and died in his native country. Bayue Ireland was born in
Scotland in 1777, and died there about 90 years of age, William Ire-
land, father of subject of this sketch, was also a native of Scotland,
born in 18(1.3, and died in Adelaide Township, Middlesex County,
Canada, in 1863. His wife was born in 1812, and died at the old
homestead in this county in 1885.

Their son, William Ireland, is one of a family of ten children,
seven now living. The Ireland family immigrated to Canada in 1843,
and settled in Middlesex County, Adelaide Town.ship, on the 1st Con-
cession south of Egremont Road. In making the voyage across the
Atlantic, it took six weeks on the vessel California. They were among
the first settlers of Adelaide Township, and erected their little home in
tlie woods when the wolves were numerous and troublesome. Wil-
liam and his father in 1850 killed a bear about 100 rods from where
the jiresent residence stands, killing him with clubs and a dog. Mr.
Ireland was a student at the old log school house of pioneer times, and
was obliged to go two miles in order to get an education. He has fol-
lowed agricultural pui'suits all his life, and he now lives on the old
Ireland homestead, which he owns, and which consists of 100 acres of
well-improved land. Here he has resided for forty-five years. He
was married October 26, 1863, to Miss Deborah Ann Donaldson, who
was born in Ontario, County of Peterborough, May 5, 1840, and who
is the daughter of George and Mary Ann (Carroll) Donaldson, natives
of Troy, N. Y., and Ontario respectively. The former was born in
1812, and was a soldier in the Rebellion of 1837. The latter was

870

insTonv OF the

l)oni ill 1S18. To Mr. and Mrs. Ireliiml wore born these children:—
W'ilhani Allen, born Angust 9, lStl4; (k'orj^e Mars, born Novemljur
1'."), LS66; Mary Ann, born March 12, ISii'.l; and Margaret Jane, horn
A]iril 19, 1S71; John J)onalilson Ireland, born May ."», 187ti, and died
damiary iL', 18S2. In polities Mr. Ireland is a Itefonner, and for
twelve years has held the ])osition of school trustee. He was a9se.ssor
of the township in 187."i. In 1882 he was elected to the Townsliij)
Conncil, and was defeated in 188.'! by a majority of seven votes, Imt
was elected to the same jiosition one year later, heading the jwlls over
twenty votes. He was elected to the same jwsition in l!S8r) and 18S6,
niid in 1887 was defeated by a majority of seven votes for the position
of de)nity-reeve. In 1888 he was elected to that jiosition, whicli he
now holds. He has been a life-long member of the Presbyterian
Church, and takes an active interest in the alliiirs of the same. He
wag elected an elder of the Presbyterian ('hurch in 1866, anda])iK)iiiteJ
Justice of the Peace in liS74. His father was a member of the Pres-
byterian Church, and the first church of that denomination in Adelaide
Townshij) wa.s built on the Ireland homestead in 1847, and Kev. AVil-
liam Houdeii was the first pastor. M rs. Ireland is a member of the
same church.

Richard Irvine.

Iiichard Irvine, who for forty-four years has been a resident of
London, was born in Belfast, Ireland, in September, 182."), and was tlie
youngest in a family of eleven children. In 1841 he enlisted in the
Royal Artillery of the British service, and in 1842 came with his coui-
niand to Quebec, where he remained for over two years. He then
came to London. He served in the artillery service seven years then,
in l(S4iS purchased his discharge, and afterwards became connected
with the Volunteer Artillery. In 1854 he accepted a position in the
Custom Department, and is the eldest man in point of service in Lon-
don, and perhaps in the Province of Ontario. He married Miss Helen
McLean, and they have a family of four children living, three sons and
a daughter — Alexander, llichard J., William H. and Blanche. Mr.
Irvine is a Koyal Arch Mason and a Past First Principal. Alexander
Irvine, son of the above, was bnrn in London, September 9. 1854, and
was reared and educated in that city. He married Miss Annie Lee
in 1888, a native of London, England. They have one daughter. He
is a member of the Masonic Order, being not only a member of the
Blue Lodge, but the Chapter, Coiumandery, Scottish Ilites and Mystic
Shrine.

Mm CHIN Jackson.

Minchiu Jackson, a farmer of Middlesex County, Canada, is of
Irish descent and a sou of Minchiu Jackson, who was a gentleman by

fiirth and i
Ijciiig callt
remote per
tioiis, wher
country far;
be Iilazoned
invected, be
imws, eraset
Iiiilierial oi
occurrence c
liritain and
i'l ( ieiiiiany
"Haec Ca'Sf
Jove." Mill
and became
bers of the C
William, Cal
homestead, ii
eiiucation, bu
tlio age of tw
^e\v World, J
chashed 200 f
introduction f]
as ho had broi
^yas enabled t(
Frances Errin<
Emiigton, and
irances U, L(
Frances D.
ried there to I
William E., I^
I^ouisa J. also
Hemy Lloyd, i
mother ofsevc
K., George H.
C'ounty Tippei'f
summoned by
House of Lore
ifttitia was edi
Thomas H. Sh
children— Frau(
and Arthur l\
Shore, also of W

children— Thorn
'^'rs. Jackson
e-iniest and con's
nas been wardei

COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX.

871

i3nt of
the
the
corn-
then
lieu,
'd
the
Lou-
Helen
and
Mr.
ler
and
Lee
He
the
■stic

birth and a landed proimetor of Tipiwrary Coimty, Ireland, his estate
Ijeinij called Mount Pleasant. The family resided in England at a
remote period, Ijut had resided at Mount Pleasant for many genera-
tions, where they were among the highly honored and prominent old
country families of the county. The arms of the Jackson family may
be lilazoned as follows: — Shield, on a field argent, a chevron gules,
iuvcoted, hetween three eagles' heads sable, erased. Crest two lions'
]m\vs, erased and erected, supporting tiie heads, and erased neck of an
Ini])erial or double eagle — the esigle of the German Emi)irc. The
occurrence of this device, which is quite unusual in the heraldry of Great
livitain and Ireland, ajipears to suggest military service performed
in Germany by a member of the Jackson family. The motto is : —
" Haec ( 'lesaris ilia Jovis " — " To Ca-sar this belongs, and that to
Jove." Minchin Jackson, sr., lived to be seventy-two years of age,
and became the father of four children, who, like himself, were mem-
bers of the Church of England. Their names are as follows : — George,
William, Catherine and Minchin. The latter was born on the old
homestead, in Ireland, in 1812, and received an excellent English
education, but being of an enterprising and energetic disposition he, at
the age of twenty-two years, determined to seek his fortune in the
>iew World, and about a year and a-half after landing in Canada ])ur-
chashed 200 acres of land of Col. Talbot, to whom he had a letter of
introduction from his brother. Major Jackson, of the First Royals, and
as he had brought considerable money with him from his old home, he
was enabled to hire his land cleared. In 1840 he wus married to Miss
Frances Errington, a daughter of Rev. Ralph and Margaret D. (Watson)
Erriiigton, and their union was blessed in the birth of four daughters —
Frances D., Louisa J., Letitia and Mary E.

Frances D. attended school in Newcastle, England, and was mar-
ried there to Dr. George H. Hume, by whom she has five children —
William E., Norman H., Frances E., Margaret D. and Phyllis M.
Louisa J. also attended school at Newcastle, was marriijd to Charles
Hemy Lloyd, and is residing in Ireland at Lisheeu (Jastle. She is the
mother of seven children — Frances L., Henry M., Jane E., Cuthbert
R., George H., Hamet E. and Robert T. Charles H. Lloyd, Esq., J. P.,
County Tipperary, Ireland, was one of the landed projirietors of Ireland
summoned by the Royal Land Commissioners to attend before the
House of Lords on the land question of Ireland. He did attend.
Letitia was educated at home by her mother, and was mamed to
Thomas H. Shore, of Westminster Township, by whom she has six
children — Frances E. L., William H., ]Mary E., Charles J., Francis M.
and Arthur F. The last daughter, Mary E. Jackson, married Francis
Shore, also of Westminster Township, and their family consists of four
children — Thomas F., Henry M., John A. M. and Alfred E. Mr. and
Mrs. Jackson are the grandparents of twenty-two children, and are
earnest and consistent members of the Church of England, in which he
has been warden for many years, he being one of the founders of that

872

1II8T0KY OF TlIK

Cliuvch iji tilt! tdwnshijt. Ih'. ]mn Wau n Dclcj^atfi to tlic Troviiinixl
Synod, and also to tin; !)ioc'c'st' and the yearly Synod, and lias tilled the
oflicu of ( 'aptaiii of the Militia for many years. He lias filled tlic! olVico
of Ma<,'istrate .since alumt 1.S40, and has ever taken a deep inteivst in
educational matters, and, in fact, has <iivt!ii sulistantial aid to all encr-
jirises tendiiij,' to lieiietit the County. He was larj,'i;ly instrnnifutal in
eatablishiiif,' the Itailroad Station at <ilan\vorth, s|ieiidiii;j; fivelv hi*
money and time, his efforts in this matter iu'lnj,' <;reatly aiiiireciated hy
his fellow-townsmen. He i« now seventy-six years of a<,'e, hut retains
his mental and ])liy8ical faculties to a wonderful de;;ree, and »,'ive3
jiromise of sjiendinj; many more years of nsefulness aiuoii<.' his friends.
Air. .Fackson's eldest brother, (ieor<,'e Jackson, J. P., was first married
to Miss Anne Nesbit Anderson, a lady of j,'reat wealth and acooniiilish-
meiits, of London, Eiif^land, by whom he had .seven cliildieii, all (pf
whom have ])assed away. His second wife was Miss Letitia Herl)ert,
of Mucross, County Kerry, Ireland, a sister of Admiral Sir Thomas
Herbert, (Jol. Herbert and llev. Arthur Herbert, Rector of Trelee. His
brother, William Jackson, Esq., J. P., was married to Miss Willin<;ton,
dauj^liter of James Willinytoii, of Castle Willingtoii, County Tippeiary,
Ireland.

Robert W. Jackson.

Robert W. Jackson, farmer, of Concession '.>, Lot 21, of Lfnidon
Townslii]), was born on the farm where he now lives, October J3,
1840, and is a son of William and Margaret (Web.s.ter) Jackson, both
of whom were born in the " Emerald Isle." The paternal grandfather,
Robert Jackson, immigrated with his family to Canada in 1818, and
after a short residence in Westminster moved to London Township, and
l<jcated on Concession 7, Lot l!l, where he received a free grant to 100
acres of Government land, which was very heavily covered with
timber. He was one of the first settlers of the Townshi}), aiul he and
his sons cleared their fixrra and soon had it under good cultivation.
Here the grandparents died. William Jaek.son was only eight years
of age when brought to Canada, and, as the country was in a very
primitive state at that time, his early days were attended with many
hardships and jmvations. By his own energy and judicious niaiiage-
ment he became the owner of a good farm, on which he died in ISTii,
])receded by his wife's death several years. Seven of their nine
children are living. Their son Robert W. has resided on a farm all
his life, the greater portion of his education being secured in the schools
of London. He has held a number of oftices of trust, being Deputy-
Reeve of London Township four years and school trustee twelve years.
In 1887 he was a candidate for M. P., his opponent being J. H.
Marshall, who was elected by a small majority. He is Steward,
Secretary and Treasurer in the Methodist Church, and is a member of
the Masonic Lodge, No. 20, St. Johns, of London. He resides on and
owns the old home farm, and has a beautiful, comfortable and com-
modious residence.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

Joseph Jeffery.

873

.T(is('])h JolVory, president of thu Lonii and Dchonturo Cdinpaiiy,
was born in Ijiswicli, Siillolk, Hn},'l)iti(l, ninl is ii sou (if Joseph anil
Mary A. ((Sodbold) .leirery, wlio iniinij,'mled to Canada in IH-i;", and
after some tinu! located at I'ort Stanley, which was then a ]>ronii.sinj,'
youny villa},'e. The father was not as successful in his business venture
there as he had expected to be, and he soon after moved to Loniloii,
where ho engaged in the furniture mantifacturinj» business. A few
years later he went to Victoria, liritiah Columbia, thence to California,
wlit^re he died. .Joseph Jetlery, whose name heatls this sketch, was
very carefully educat(!d in the ])rivate schools of his native town, and
in his sixteenth year came to Canada, where he followed the fortunes
of his father for a number of years, In 1H05 he opened an e.xchan<,'e
otlice, dealin;,^ jtrincipally in American money, bonds, etc., but retired
after a successful business of a few years. During the late Civil War
in the United States he was yiven tho, position of U. S. Consular
Agent, which position he held durinj,' .\braham Lincoln's administra-
tion. In 1S7U he was olfered the jiosition of nianaj,'er of the Molsons
Bank, which j)osition he accei)ted and filled for seventeen years, when
his manifold iluties compelled him to retire. He is still, however,
local director of the; bank. In October, IS70, he with some other
leailin^' citizens, established the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company,
of which he was nuvde ],iesident in 1878. He has held the office ever
since, and has ably discharged his onerous duties. He was one of the
organizers of the London Life Insurance Co. in 1N74, and also holds
the position of i)residcnt in this organization. He has been very suc-
cessful in his business ventures, and owing to his sound judgment on
all public matters, has won the confidence and respect of all who know
liim. Mr. Jetlery is a member of the Uaptist Church.

Albert 0. Jeffery, LL.B., D.C.L

Albert 0. Jefl'ery, LL.B., D.C.L., barrister, of London, (,'anada, and
native of London Townshiji, was born on the oth of July, \H')1, being
a son of Joseph and Augusta (Haley) Jefl'ery, natives respectively of
Ipswich, Englcind, and St. Andrews, New Brunswick. A sketch of
Joseph .lefiery, his father, ajipears above. Albert 0. Jeffery has
lived in London since the year 1858, receiving his education in the
Public Schools, supplemented by an attendance for some years at
Hellmuth College. When in his seventeenth year he began the study
of law ; was .idmitted as an Attorney-at-Law and Solicitor in August,
1S7S, and called to the Bar in November, 1878, and has since prac-
ticed his profession with marked success in the city of London. He
was a|)pointed Notary Public the same year he was admitted to the
I'ar; in 1881 formed a partnership with Judge Macraahon, and, in

874

HISTORY OF THE

1885, formed a partnership with Harris, Ma<»ee & Co., which comiec-
tiou lasted only a short time. He won the degree of LL.B. in the
Toronto University in 1888, and obtained the degree of 13. C. L. from
the University of Trinity College in 18S7, and D. C. L. in 1S.S.S. He
was elected by .icclamation to the office of School Trustee in 1880, and
was re-elected by a large majority in 1888, and was unanimou.sly
elected Chairman of the Board of Education for 1889. He has
taken several degrees in the Masonic fraternity, and occupied the
chair in several of their bodies ; he also is a member of I. O. 0. F.
He was married in 1883 to Mi.ss Edna, daughter of the late H. A.
Baxter. He is a Director of the London Mechanics' Institute ; was
Secretary of the Middlesex Law Association from its organization in
187y to 1885, and is now one of its Trustee Board, and its Treasurer ;
and is Solicitor for the Empire Loan Company, and also for the Ontario
Loan and Debenture Company.

Jeffery Brothers.

William and James JefFery, of the firm of Jeffery Bros., builders
and contractors, of London, Out., are the sons of Joseph and Elizabeth
(Clampitt) Jefi'ery, both of whom were born in Devonshire, England.
Their family consisted of nine children, four of whom are living at the
present time. The family came to Londrn, Canada, in 1850, and here
the father died in 1807, still survived by his widow. William Jefi'ery
was born in London, June 7, 1859, and James's birth occurred on the
23rd of June, 1862, They served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's
trade, and in 1886 commenced taking contracts on their own account,
and are now doing a fairly profitable business. They are energetic and
enterprising, and will without fail push their way to the front. They
are members of the Foresters. William was married in 1885 to Miss
Amelia H. Adams, a native of London ; but James is still single.

his pre
great

Samuel Jenkins.

Samuel Jenkins, Superintendent of the Ball Electric Light Com-
pany of London, is a native of England, born 1854: ; son of James and
and Grace (Slemen) Jenkins, who were also natives of England. They
immigrated to Canada in 1856 and settled at Port Hope, where the
family lived for nine years. They then removed to Lindsay. Samuel
Jenkins was but two years of age when his parents immigrated to
Canada. He was reared to manhood on the farm, and when he had
attained a sufficient age he began serving an apprenticeship to the
engineer's trade, and this business he has since followed. In 1883 he
came to London, <ind in August, 1887, he took charge of the electric
light plant, and a more competent and painstaking machinist cannot be

particu
subject
1848, a
Califorr

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

875

found. Since his connection witli the same, the result has been all
that the most exacting could require. He is a man of judgment and a
man who thoroughly comprehends his duties and their requirements.
He was married in 1880 to Miss Annie Dawson, who was a native of
Toronto. This union resulted in the birth of four children — Beitie,
Henry, Nellie and Beatrice.

John Johnstone.

John Johnstone, Reeve of the Township of Delaware, and a well-
known and prominent citizen of this Township, comes of one of the
oldest pioneer families of the county. His father, Henry Johnstone,
was a native of Scotland, who came to Canada at an early period and
located in Delaware Township, where he resided until he received his
final summons in 1878, at the age of seventy-six years. He served
many years as the Reeve of the Township of Delaware and Justice of
the Peace, and was in every respev;C a prominent citizen. He was
maiTied in his native land to Miss Mary Patterson, who came with
him to Canada, where she died about 1843. Later he married Miss
Elizabeth Gowanlock, a native of Scotland, who died in Delaware,
January, 1888. To his first marriage were born seven children, of
whom John Johnstone was the youngest. Seven children were also
born to his second marriage, three of whom are now living. John
Johnstone was born in Delaware Township, May 15, 1837, and
grew to manhood on the old homestead. In 1877 he located on
his present fine farm of 100 acres in the First Concession. He is a
great grain and stock farmer, and is a breeder of fine carriage horses.
In 1887 he was appointed Reeve of Delaware Township, and served
ten years as Councillor of the Township. In 1876 he married Miss
Mary Ehzabeth Young, a native of Caradoc Township and a grand-
daughter of the late Judge Young, the first Judge in London. To Mr.
and Mrs. Johnstone were born two sons and a daughter. The family
are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Johnstone is Con-
servative iu politics.

Henry M. Johnstone.

Prominent among the leading farmers of Delaware Township is the
the gentleman of whom this brief notice is given. He is a son of
Henry M. and Elizabeth (Gowanlock) Johnstone, both natives of
Scotland, and prominent people of Delaware Township. (For further
particulars see sketch of John Johnstone.) Henry M. Johnstone, the
subject of this sketch, was born in Delaware Township, February 23,
1848, and remained with his parents until 1875, when he went to
California and located at San Francisco, where he remained two years.

870

HISTOUV OF THE

In 1877 he assumed control of the home farm, where he has resided
since. The farm consists of 105 acres of well-improved land on the
First Concession, Lot 16, Delaware Township, and is an excellent stock
and grain farm. On April 2o, 187'.), he married Miss Elizabeth Jane
Patterson, a native of London Township, and this imion resulted in
the birth of three children, one son and two daughters. Mr. Jolmstone
is Conservative in his political views, and a member of the Presbytoriiui
Church. He is a good citizen, and is respected by all who know liini.

Alexander C. Johnston.

Alexander C. Johnston, a prominent farmer of Westminster Town-
ship, is the son of George Johnston, who was a shoemaker by trade.
To the marriage of the latter were born two children — Hugh and
Alexander C Hugh died at the age of eight years. Mrs. Johnston
died in Scotland ; and, in 1853, Mr. Johnston immigrated to Canada,
and after living several years elsewhere, in 1857 or 1858 lie
moved to St. Marys. He here followed his trade until his deatii in
1878, at the age of sixty years. He was a member of the Scotch
Presbyterian Churcli, and an honorable, upright citizen. Alexander C.
Johnston was born November 5, 18-43, and was but two and a-half
years old when his mother died. He came with his father to tliis
country when about ten years of age, and in early years learned the
shoemakei-'s trade. He received a fair education, and was united in mar-
riage to Mi.ss Catharine H. S. Sexton, daughter of E. and Rhoda N. J.
(Shennick) Sexton, granddaughter of Henry Shennick and great-grand-
daughter of James Shennick, who was a native of Holland, and who,
when a young man of thirty, settled in Delaware County, N. Y., and
there followed farming. He married iliss Bank, and six children were
the result — Frederick, Hemy, John, Solomon, Cornelia and Mary.
In 1818, Mr. Shennick moved to Canada with his family, and settled
on the 1st Concession, north side, Lot 20, and received his deed from
the Government. He was a competent farmer, and was a member of
the Presbyterian Church. He died in 1821. His son, Henry Shen-
nick, grandfather of Mrs. Johnston, was born in Delaware County, N.
Y., and came to Westminster Township, ^Middlesex County, Ontario,
in 1!S18, in company with his father. He was born in 1788, and
was thirty years of age when he came to Canada. He settled ou
200 acres of land, on Lot 28 — deed from the Crown. He married Miss
Huldah Duncombe in 181'.), daughter of Thomas Duncombe, and
sister of Dr. D. C. Duncombe, one of the old physicians of the county,
and a well-known man. To Mr. and Mrs. Henry Shennick were born
two children — Charles D. (who was born in 1820), and Rhoda N. J.
(who was born in 1825, and is tlie mother of Mrs. Johnston).

Henry Shemiick was a magistrate for many years, and died in
1858. He was a Loyalist in his political views, was a man of pro-

The sho
s'ld de.serve
experience J
ias chosen,
sex County,
tants. His
^and, and tl
^vith the Ba
ship-buildii
Canterbury,"
embarked in
land for Canj
year and ope
^iiss Ann At

Wed by his 1
''om in Loud,
Was reared (
through life,
a/m liJe, and
Miss Mary Q
js a daugliter
'atter being Ti
'he earliest se
*eie born the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

877

perty, and was one of the old settlers. He built the first frame house
in the county, and lived to be 70 years of age. He was scrupulously
honest, and his word was as good as his bond. His daughter, llhoda N.
J., married E. Sexton, from New York State, and an artist by occupa-
tion. Clmrles D. Shenuick was a physician of note, and is now
deceased. Mr. Thomas Duncombe, father of Mrs. Henry Shennick,
was one of the leaders of the Rebellion of 1837. He was obliged to
flee to New York State. He visited England as a reporter of the
liadicals. Dr. Duncombe died in California. Shortly after his mar-
riage, in 1869, Alexander C. Johnston settled on the old homestead,
and here he has since resided. To his marriage were born two child-
ren — Ada and Effle. Ada is a teacher in the Public Schools of Lon-
don, and Effie is attending school in that city. Mr. Johnston has been
quite successful in his farming interests, and is one of the repre-
sentative citizens of the county. He is an Oddfellow, is a member of
the Royal Arcanum, is a Reformer in politics, and is liberal in all his
views. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are members of the Presbyterian
Church, of which he is a class leader. He take an active interest in
educational work, and has been trustee of the schools.

GEORGE Pennington Jones, M. D.

The short sketch that here appears, is that of one of the reliable
and deservedly successful physicians of tliis portion of Ontario, whose
experience has proven him to be well qualified for the profession he
has chosen. He was born in 1845, and has always resided in Middle-
sex County, and has naturally a wide acquaintance among its inhabi-
tants. His grandfather, Thomas J. Jones, was born in London, Eng-
land, and there resided until over forty years of age, being connected
with the Bank of England. He resigned this position to engage in
ship-building, in company with John IJrent, who was then mayor of
Canterbury, and after being engaged in this business for some time, he
embarked in the mercantile business. In June, 1822, he left Eng-
land for Canada, and aiTived in the Coimty of Middlesex the following
year and opened a farm in London Township. He was married to
Miss Ann Attfield, also a native of London, and died in 18.38, fol-
lowed by his wife in 1849. Q'heir only surviving child, Charles J., was
born in London in 1814, and came with his parents to Canada. He
was reared on a farm, and has made agriculture his chief calling
through life, but a few years since retired from the active duties of
farm life, and is now resting from his long labors. He was married to
Miss Mary Carter, in 1843. She was born in London Township, and
is a daughter of George and Deziah Carter, the maiden name of the
latter being Pennington, and both were natives of England, and among
the earliest settlers of London Township. To Mr", and Mrs. Jones,

-Mary E , wife of F. A. Fitzgerald,

were born the following children :-

878

HISTORY OF THE

president of the Imperial Oil Co. ; George P. ; Emily A., wife of Horace
McDougal, manager of the Uuii, Wiman & Co., Mercantile Agency,
at Winnipeg ; Charles A., Dominion land surveyor ; Lucinda, wife of
S. Frank Peters, architect ; Hannah ]M., who died at the age of nine-
teen, and Charlotte Louisa. One child died in infancy. ,

G. P. Jones is their second child and eldest son. At an early day
he chose the profession of medicine as his calling through life, and
commenced his preparatory studies with Dr. S. F. Smith, of St. Marys,
Ontario. He then attended medical lectures at Harvard University,
Boston, and also attended the Medical Department of Trinity College,
Toronto, and entered upon the active practice of his profession in 1870.
In 1883 he was appointed to the chair of Sanitary Science in the
Medical Department of the Western University, and in 1887 to tlio
chair of Obstetrics and Diseases of children. In over eighteen years of
fiiithful practice he has acquii'ed an enviable reputation in his profes-
sion ; and, gifted with a natural love for science, he has not rested
contented with the learning acquired in preparatory study, but has
continually availed himself of the best opportunities offered for attain-
ing a higher plane of learning, and although a comparatively young
man, his career has met with flattering success. In 1886 he was
married to Edith Constance, daughter of Mr. Edward Whately, by
whom he has one child — Alice Hildagarde.

John and Thomas Jones.

John and Thomas Jones are carpenters and builders of the firm of
Jones Brothers, London, Ont. John Jones was born in Devonshire,
England, in April, 1852, and is the third of ten children born to
Thomas and Mary (Hill) Jones. He was reared in his native place,
and worked with his father, who was a waggon-maker. In 187- he
immigrated to London, Ontario, and commenced working at the carpen-
ter's trade, filling the position of a journeyman until 1882, when he
formed a partnership with his brother, under the name of Jones
Brothers, and this fiim has continued ever since. Mr. Jones was mar-
ried Dec. 25, 1878, to jMiss Margaret Fletcher, who was born in Dub-
lin. An interesting family of four children was the result of this union.
They are named as follows: — Laura, Minnie, Frederick and John W.
Jones. Thomas Jones was born in Devonshire, England, Oct., 1859,
and after growing up came to Canada, and in 1872 worked with his
brother as journeyman until they formed a partnership in 1882. In
1887 he chose for his companion in life Miss Frances Tranem, a
native of London. Jones Brothers are live, energetic business men,
and are doing well.

John W. Jones.

John W. Jones, Auctioneer and Commissioner, of London, Ont,
was born in Scotland, on October 27, 1840, his parents, James and

vMk:

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

879

Margaret (Ncsbit) Jones, being also of Scotch birth. Jolin W. was
reared in his native land until he had passed his fifteenth year, and in
ISali he immigrated to Canada, settling in London in 1862. He had
learned the baker's trade in his youth, and after coming to this city
engaged in business on his own account, and after continuing very
successfully for twenty-one years, sold out, and in ] 885 engaged in his
present business, his services being employed in many different ])oints
in the United States. He is a thorough Cosmopolitan. He is a man of
unexceptionable habits, and as a citizen no less than a business man, he
has been closely identified with the city's interests for the past seven
years. He served as a member of the City Council, and as such made
<an eflicient and competent oflicial, the city's interests being carefully
guariled, and by no word or action did he bring aught but credit to-
those whose support placed him in this position. He also served as a
member of the School Board for three years, and since the inception
of the Canadian Loan Company he has been one of its Directors. He
was married in LSGS to Miss Jane D. Dipure, a native of Dundee,
Scotland. Mr. Jones is a Koyal Arch Mason.

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John Kay.

John Kay was born in Scotland in 1833, and is a prosperous agri-
culturist of Aliddlesex County, Ontario. He is the son of John Kay,
sr,, and Mrs. Jane (McGregor) Kay. The father was a native of Scot-
land ; was a farmer by occupation, and to his union with Miss Mc-
Gregor were born four children — Emily, Rebecca, John, and Jane. In
1836, Mr. Kay immigrated to this township, and settled on the farm
now owned by his .son John. At that time there was but a very
small clearance, and he j)aid between S700 and §800 for sixty acres.
Mr. Kay went to work and cleared away the heavy timber with which
it was covered, and by hard work and industry built up his ])resent
home. John Kay, jr., was but a child of three years of age when he
came with his parents to this county. He gi'ew to manhood in the
wilderness, and received a common school education. He followed agri-
cultural pursuits, and in 1867 was united in marriage to Miss Pilizabeth
Cobbiiis, daughter of John Cobbins and Christine James, both natives
of Scotland. Mrs. Kay was but sixteen years of age when she came
with her mother and brother to this country, her father having died in
Scotland. She was one of thirteen children, eleven of whom lived to
be grown — John, Elspeth, Jane, William, Margaret, Alexander, Eliza-
beth, James, Archie, Daniel, and Christine. After marriage, Mr. and
Mrs. Kay settled down on the old homestead, where Mr. Kay followed
farming. He is Liberal in his political views, and he and wife are
members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Kay has always been a
careful farmer, and has added fifty-seven acres to his property, so that
be now has 111 acres of land, which is pleasantly situated near Lou-

880

HISTORY OF THE

don. To Mr. and Mrs. Kay were liorn nine children — John, Emily,
William, Elizabeth, Frank, Mary, Ada, Gordon, antl Jane ('"ho died in
infancy). ]\Ir. Kay is a strong temperance man, and vcjted the Scott
law. He is an honest citizen and a prominent man.

Patrick Kelly.

Patrick Kelly, of London, Canada, was born in the City of Dublin,
Ireland, March 5, 1829, and is a son of Andrew and Catherine
(Bearney) Kelly, who were born, reared, and married in the ( "ounty
of Wexford, Ireland. They were the parents of five children, the
youngest being born in the city of Dublin, and made that city their
home until their respective deaths. Their son Patrick was reared in
his native land, but received a limited early education. While in his
youth he started to learn several trades, but never served the full time
at any one of them. In 1848 he married Margaret Kinsellar, a native
of the City of Dubhn, and, in 1855, with his wife and three children,
immigrated to Canada, taking passage on board a vessel at Liverpool, and
landing at New York City after a five weeks' voyage. After visiting
with some friends in New York City for a few days, he came directly
to London, Canada, where he had a sister living, and for some time
was employed in a distillery. He then worked at the carpenter's
trade for about a year, but received such meagre remuneration for his
labors that he determined to seek Dame Fortune in another locality,
and, accordingly, took a trip to Mississippi. The great civil war broke
out about this time, and he returned to Canada, and, in September,
1861, was given a position as Turnkey at the London Jail, which
position he held until July, 188;^, since which time he has held the
position of Jailer. Nine children were born to his union with Miss
Kinsellar, four of whom are now living — Joseph H., Catherine (wife
of Hugh McLean), James H. and Francis. The mother of these
children died in 1881, and, three years later, Mr. Kelly married Maria
McLaughlin, a native of Ireland, but an early immigrant to Canada.
Mr. and Mrs. Kelly are members of the Catholic Church.

James Kennedy.

James Kennedy, a well-known and prominent citizen of Delaware
Township, Middlesex County, Canada, was born in that township and
county, June 5, 1864, and is the son of Henry and Jemima (Orr)
Kennedy. The father was a native of the County of Cavan, Ireland;
born in the year 1819, and remained on his native soil until IX",
when he crossed the ocean and made a landing in Canada. He made
a settlement first near St. Thomas, but later moved to Delaware Town-
ship, and died in the Village of Delaware in the year 1881. He was

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

881

a well-known and prominent citizen of the county, and had served as
Coinicillor and other important offices. By his marriage to Miss Orr
he became the father of seven children, James being the fifth in order
of birth. He grew to manhood in his native county, and assisted his
father on the farm until the latter's death, when he began farming for
himself on the old homestead, which he now owns, and which consists
of 300 acres of fine land on the first and second Concessions. He and
family worship at the Church of England.

John Kent.

-lohn Kent, retired fanner, was born in Staffordshire, England,
April 17, 1810, and is a son of John and Mary Kent, who were also
natives of Stafl'orilshire. The father was a farmer, and owned 400
acres of land in England, but had a desire to seek his fortune elsewhere,
and in March, ]82o, with his family, took passage for Canada on a
sailing vessel at llristol, and after an eight weeks' ocean voyage, landed
at Montreal. After staying in this city for about one month, on
account of sickness in the family, they came to Simcoe, where a cousin
who had come to Canada with them purchased 200 acres of laud and
located. Mr. Kent came on to the County of Middlesex in the fall of
1823, and purchased a farm of 200 acres near London. In 1825 he
purchased 200 acres of land where London West is now situated, but at
that day the country was alniost a complete wilderness. He was very
fond of hunting, and as the settler's ax was almost an unheard-of
thing in that region, game was abundant, and many were the deer and
wild game of all kinds that fell a victim of Mr. Kent's skill. He was
one of the first Justices of the Peace in the County, and died in 18.");!,
an earnest and consistent member of the Church of England. John
Kent, whose name heads this sketch, was thirteen years of age when
he came to Canada, and well remembers the name of tlie ship,
" Harding," difierent ])arts of the vessel, and the names of the captain
and mates. He assisted his father in improving the farm, and re-
mained with him initil thirty years of age. He never attended school
but one day after coming to the Dominion, as the facilities for school-
ing were of the most meagre description at that day. He remembers
tile first log cabin that was built in London, it being erected where the
McFarlane House now stands, and was built in 1826. During the
Rebellion of 1837 he participated in quelling that uprising, being
stationed on the lake shore when the Battle of Windsor was fought.
A number of the enemy were taken prisoners, and Mr. Kent was
chosen to conduct them to jail at London, and stood guard over them
at the Court-house for several days. During that conflict, guns were
not to be had, and pitch-forks and other weapons of like character were
used.

After his marriage, Mr. Kent located three miles east of London,

882

HISTOliY UK TIIK

where he purcha.sod a farm of I'lO acres, tlie fjreater portion of which
he iini)roved by his own exertions. Here he resided until ISoS, when
he moved to where he now Hves, in London South, the last lew years
having been spent in complete retirement from the active duties of
life. He was married in 1840 to Sarah Shoff, a native of London
Township, whose parents were early settlers of the county, and l)y her
is the father of two children — Elizabeth A. (wife of Dr. I). McAlpine)
and Mi'dcohn J. He is Conservative politically, and has been Jus-
tice of the Peace for several years, but has never been an asi)irant
for ottice. Ke is a member of the Church of England, and is the oldest
resident in the ("ity of London or its suburbs, and lived in the first
house that was built in the township. His son, ]\Ialcolni, is IMaiiager
of the Loudon Loan Company, and was born in Canada in 18r)4. He
was educated in the Grammar and High Schools of London, wiiuiing
the Kobb Gold IMedal before leaving the latter. At the age of nineteen
he began working for the Huron and Erie Loan Company, remaining
four years, and in 1877, when the London Loan Company was organiz-
ed, he became its manager. He handles S1,">00,(I(I0 annually, and is
youngest bank manager in the City of London, being capable, honor-
able and courteous. He was married in 1882 to Anna L. Gibbons, a
daughter of William Gibbons, of Toronto, and a sister of (ieorge C.
Gibbons, barrister of London. Mr. and Mrs. Kent have two cliildren
— John V. and Edna L. Mr. Kent gives his strict attention to busi-
ness, and has never sought publicity, although ho has many times
been urged to offer his name for dillerent offices of a pubhc nature.

Thomas F. Kings mill.

Thomas F. Kingsmill, dealer in dry goods, carpets and ordered
clothing, needs no introduction to the citizens of London, for he is
recognized as a prominent business man of the city, and by his inclustry
and fine business ability has succeeded in establishing a large trade,
and ranks among the foremost merchants of the Dominion. His
business career has been a series of triumphs over difficulties tliat
would have discouraged a man of weaker nature, and his tireless energy,
unyielding perseverance, together with a fine knowledge of the neces-
sities of the public, have been the means of placing him in his present
enviable position. He was born in Coimty Tipperary, Ireland, April
0, 1840, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Eraser) Kingsmill, who
were both born in the " Emerald Isle." He served a thorough
apprenticeship at the dry goods business in his youth, and in his many
years' experience obtained that knowledge of commercial life for whicli
he has become famous. In 1858 he immigrated to the United States,
and after spending a short time in Savannah, Ga., came to Canada and
settled in Toronto, where he entered the emjjloy of iMurray & Co. In
1865 he was sent by this firm to manage their business in Loudon,

'"1

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

883

and subsequently engaged in business on bis own responsibility,
beginning at first on a very small scale. He increased his stock from
time to time, and now carries the most complete line of goods in the
city, his caqiet and silk departments being the largest in Western
Ontario, and would reflect credit on any large city. At times in the
busy seasons the services of over 100 emjiloyes are required. Mr.
Kingsmill visits the foreign markets twice a year, and is recognized as
a shrewd and skillful buyer. His life has been one of ceaseless
activity, and he has always aided in advancing the city's interests.
His country seat, known as Belleview, comprises 200 acres of choice
land, and is one of the most attractive places in this section.

R. F. Lacey.

11. F. Lacey, manufacturer of boot and shoe uppers, of London,
Canada. In the brief sketch which here appears, will be found some
interesting facts connected with the history of Mr. Lacey, who through-
out life has pursued the even tenor of his way, and has now au
honored name among his many acquaintances. He was born in Eng-
land on the 8th of January, 183G, and is a son of Septimus and Eliza-
beth Lacey, who were also natives of England, the former a gardener
by occupation. Their family consisted of six children, li. F. Lacey
being their fourth child and second son. He was reared in his native
county, and at an early age began serving an apprenticeship at the
shoemaker's trade in Somersetshire, and became thoroughly skilled in
all the details of the trade. In 1870 he came to Canada, and settled
in London, and five years later established his present business of boot
and shoe uppers, to which he has recently added leather and shoe
findings, which has been steadily increasing, until he is now considered
one of the prosperous citizens of the City of London. He served on
the School Board of London West for three years, being chairman of
the Board one year, and also served as councillor and deputy-reeve. lu
January, 1888, he was elected to the office of reeve, and again in Jan-
uary, 1889. He has shown his fraternal spirit by becoming a member
of the following secret organizations: — Masons, Foresters, Ancient
Order of United Workmen, Sons of England, and Boyal Arcanum.
He has always labored faithfully in the discharge of his duties and for
the welfare of his adopted city, and is now enjoying in a marked degree
the confidence and respect of his fellow-men. In 18G0 he was mar-
ried to Miss Elizabeth Mary Grapes, a native of the Isle of Wight, by
whom he became the father of six children — Susie May, Frances
Louisa, and Annie Alice, who are still living, ]\Ir. and Mrs. Lacey
lost three children by the flood of 1883. (Full particulars of this melan-
choly disaster are given elsewhere in this volume.) Those who were
drowned are: — Frederick C, aged twenty- one years; Florence M.,
aged twelve years ; and Horatio J., aged nine years.

884

HISTORY OF THE

Robert Larmour.

Robert Larmour is Assistant Superintendent Grand Trunk Railroad,
London. I'crmancnt success in any undertaiving is always roj^ulatcil
by well-known causes, and no one can hope to secure a lasting rejuita-
tion with a solid foundation of success without merit. That Mr. Lar-
mour has made himself eminently successful in his chosen occujiation
over thirty-two years' experience abinidantly testifies, and this is
amply corroborated by those with whom he has long been associated.
Mr. Larmour is a native of the County of Dundas, Canada, and was horn
in the year 1841. He was the fifth child born to his pauMits ;
was reared to farm life, and enjoyed the advantages of a good educa-
tion. He began his business experience in the railway telegrapli
service in liS57, and, after passing various grades of jiromotiou, lie
was, in March, 18(10, appointed Assistant Superintendent, and for
many years was stationed at Stratford. In 188(5 he was chaugiid to
London, where he lui.s since remained. He is a man who is strictly
attentive to business, even to the most trivial details ; has the respect
of all with whom he has business, and has made a success of all liis
enterprises. Mr. Larmour was man-ied in 18G7 to Miss Lizzie Gard-
ham, of Brantford, Ont. They have a family of five children. During
the Fenian raid, Mr. Larmour was connected with the Grand Trunk
Brigade, and retired with the rank of Major.

Frederick Thomas Lawson.

""'rederick Thomas Lawson, accountant of the Canadian Bank of
Commerce at Strathroy, and whose birth occurred in Montrose, Scot-
land, Aug. 24, 1856, is the son of James and Isabella (Rolph) Lawson,
both natives of Scotland. The father was born in 1812, and the mother
in 1828. The latter died in 1881. The family immigrated to Caimda,
settled at Saraia, where they remained for some time, and then re-
moved to Minnesota. Here they resided for a few years, and then re-
turned to Sarnia, Canada, where Frederick T. Lawson received his edu-
cation and where he began a business career at an early age, entering
the employ of Michael Fleming, a banker and broker, with whom he
remained until 1875. He then went to Toronto, and entered the em-
ploy of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, but in August of the same
year, came to Strathroy, where he has since been in the employ of
the same bank. Since 1878 he has held the position of account-
ant, and is well qualified in every respect for that position, is court-
eous and obliging, and has the entire confidence of the people. His
marriage to Miss Ida L. Hull occurred Aug. 29, 1877. She was born
in Strathroy in 18G1, and is the daughter of W. W, Hull, one of the
old settlers of the city. To Mr. and Mrs. Lawson were born two
children — Gwendoline R, and Roxieline E. H. Mr. Lawson is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, is a member of the Presbyterian Church,
and is a Reformer in his political views.

COUNTY OF JUDDLKSKX.

Hon. Elijah Leonard.

885

Among all classes of people there are some men who become
lenders in whatever bii>iiiess they are enfjaged, and these men are
almost invariably interested in enterprises tending to benefit the com-
munity in which they reside. Such a man is Mr. Leonard, who was
burn in Syracuse, N. Y., September 10, IS 14. His father, who also
bore the name of Elijah, was a native of Massachusetts, and was of
Welsh descent, his ancestors having come from Wales to America on
account of r Mgious persecution. Tiiey settled in Taunton, Mass., in
16S7. The mother's maiden name was Polly Stone, and her union
with Mr. Leonard resulted in the birth of seven children, four sons and
three daughters. Elijah, the second son, resided in his native State
until fifteen years of age and assisted his father in the foundry, the
latter being an ironmonger by occupation, which business the family
have been engaged in for 250 years. In 1830 the father was otlered
inducements to go to U]ii)er Canada and take charge of Long Point
Furnace, and removed there with his family. In early life, Elijah, our
subject, learned the ironmonger's trade of his father, and at the age of
nineteen years was given his liberty, and, in company with W. (J.
Vanbrocklin, went into business, and they established the fiftii foundry
in Upj)er Canada, at St. Thomas, in 1834,

In 1H38 he came to London, and the business which he established
was at first on a very small scale, but gradually grew until it has
assumed its present proportions. In 1857 he was a candidate for
Parliament for Loudon, but was successfully opposed by Hon. John
Carliiig. He served as a member of the City Council, and in 1857
was elected Mayor of the city. In 1862 he became the candidate of
the Reform party for the representation of the ]\Ialahide Division in
the legislative Council, and was elected. He continued to represent
this Division until 1867, when he was apjjointed a Senator under the
British North American Act. He takes little i)art in party politics,
hut his sympathies are with the lieforra ])arty, of which he is an
influential member in the Senate. His business is left largely to the
management of his sons. Their trade extends east and west, with
agencies in Montreal, St. John. N. B., and (Chatham, Out. (Mention
is made of these works in another part of this volume.) In 1847 he
was married to Miss Emeline Woodman, of Buxton, in the State of
Maine, by whom he has two sons and two daughters — Frank E., Charles
W., Ella A. and May A., the wife of J. C. McCorkill, of Cowansville,
Province of Quebec.

George Lethbridge.

George Lethbridge, retired, and an old settler of the region, was
horn in Somersetshire, England, Aug. 29, 1829 ; son of William and

886

UISTOKY OF THE

Mary (Criddlc) Lothbridge, who caino witli their fiimily to Ciuiaila in
1843. They settled in South wold, Kl^in (Jounty, eiii^iiged in ii;^vi(;ul-
tural pursuits here, and here resided the remainder of their days.
Georfje Lethbridj^e rtiniained at home until of a^'e, and, Sejitembcr .",
liS54, he married Miss Sarah Slie))ard, a native of Canada, horn in the
County of Oxford, near Inj^ersoll, and the dau<,'hter of Joseph and
Salome (Corey) Shepard, who emigrated from Vermont to Oxfonl
County ])rior to the Revolutionary War. In l.S.')G, Mr. and Mis.
Lethbridge removed to Middlesex County, where he purchased 100
acres of land, which he afterwards increa.sed to 220 acres. Tiiey resided
upon the farm until the spring of 1887, when they removed to the
village of Gleneoe, and have re.sided there ever since. They are the
parents of one child, John G., who is now farming on the homestead.
Mr. Lethbridge is Liberal in his political views ; has served as a mem-
ber of the School Board of Ekfrid ; and he and wife are res))ected nn-ni-
bers of the Methodist Church, of which he is steward and trustee.
In the early days of the Township, when the facilities for the accom-
modation of the pioneer ministers were limited, they always found a
ready welcome and safe harbor under the roof of Mr. and Mrs. Leth-
bridge, and it soon became known among the ministers where to go.
]Mr. and Mrs. Lethbridge have always remained prominent in Methodist
circles.

ROBERT Lewis.

Bobert Lewis, manufactiu'er of stained glass, and dealer in wall
paper and hou.se decorations, was born in Quebec, April 4, 1827. His
father, Alexander Lewis, was a native of Scotland, and was a meniher
of the celeln'ated 71st Highland liegiment, a regiment that has become
historic, and whose reputation is fragrant with many associations. The
mother's maiden name was Catharine Eainbow, of Dublin. Thirteen
children were born to them, and Jlobert is the second son and child.
He was reared in Toronto, and after leaving school served an
apprenticeship at the painting trade, and followed the same until 1H."j2,
when he changed his residence to Simcoe, and in 185:i came to Lon-
don, where he laid the foundation for his ])resent prosperous business,
commencing at first on a small scale and increasing from time to time
until it has assumed its present projiortious. (A complete history of
his .stained glass manufacturing will be found in another i)art of this
work.) In 1874, Mr. Lewis was elected a member of the Board of
Aldermen, and served from that date until 1876. In 1878 he was
elected Mayor, and re-elected in 1S79. He was oik; of the Water-
works Commissioners wiien the works were built, and saw them
completed. Mr. Lewis was married in March, 18,14, to IMiss Jane
Noble, a nativ.j of Ireland. Mr. Lewis is a Scottish Kite Mason, and
has held all the chairs in the Chapter, as well as all in the Blue Lodge;

he is also
is a good il
cliaract(ir a
or to re vie'
his moral ji
til this ski
criticism oi
honesty, he
the MetluH

Fi-ank "\

Ch.arles Lilh

with the bus

following hi

was born in

James and (

place, and bt

living at the

and .settled ii

in 1858. CI

early life w(

opeiator in h

mercantile pi

with the busi

where he resi

matters, and 1

Board, and the

mayor of Lon

of the City (

1N'"')7, he was

W(!st AVrattii

father of thr

Barnard; and

is a man of dt

sideration. F

since eleven

dej)artment.

August, 1886,

lie lias manage

business mana

A. :\r., St. Geo

tory, 18th degi

Since 1884 he

maiTied Miss

daughter of Da

COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX.

887

lie is also a inoinber of the Imlopeiidt'iit Order of Oddfellows. His life
is a j^ood illustnitioii of wliiit cmi l)e accomplished by youiij:! men of
clmriieter and determination, hut a detailed account of his enterprise,
or to review even ])assin;:;ly his oflicial and puldic life, or to speak of
liis moral and social traits, would be imj)ossiblt! in the space allotted
to this sketch. In every walk of life his career has been above
criticism or reproach. A man of unbending honor and incorruptible
honesty, he has the respect of all who know him. He is a member of
the Methodist Church, of which he is treasurer and steward.

Frank Walder Lilley.

Frank AValder Lilley, postmaster, of London East, is a son of
Charles Lilley, who for many ytMirs has been prominently identified
with the business interests of the eastern portion of the city, and in the
following brief article will be found a sketch of his life : — (Jharles
was born in London, England, December 26, LS3.S, his i)arents being
James and Caroline (Walder) Lilley, who were also born in the same
place, and became the jjarents of eight children, .seven of whom are
living at the piesent time. In ISoii the family immigi'ated to Canada
and settled in Caledonia, where the father engaged in farming, and died
in 1858. Charles, his youngest son, was reared in Ontario, and in
early life worked as a messenger boy, and afterwards as a telegraph
operator in Hamilton. In LSoi he came to Loudon and engaged in
mercantile pursuits, and up to the ja'esent time has been itlentified
with the business interests of the city, es])ecially the eastern portion,
where he resides. He has always been deeply interested in municipal
matters, and has served as reeve, councillor, a member of the School
Board, and the last year of the separate organization, held the position of
mayor of London East, and after the amalgamation, became a uiernber
of the City Council as alderman from the 5th Ward. January 1,
1857, lie was married to Miss Martha A. Rawlings, who was born in
West Wratting, Cambridgeshire, England, and by her became the
father of three children — Charles .1. I). ; Eliiiore F., wife of Frank
Barnard ; and Frank W. In all matters of ])ublic interest Mr. Lilley
is a man of decided opinions, but he gives every subject earnest con-
sideration. Frank W., his son, was born in London, June 4, 1863, and
since eleven years of age, has been connected with the post-otHce
department. In 1877 he was apjiointed assistant postma.ster, and in
August, 1886, was appointed })ostmaster, and the success with which
he has managed the office is highly complimentary to his ability as a
business manager. He is past-master of Corinthian Lodge, A. F. &
A. M., St, George's R. A. Chapter, and Richard Cojur de Lion Precep-
tory, 18th degree Scottish Rite, and a member of the Mystic Shrine.
Since 1884 he has been connected with the I. 0. 0. F. In 1888 he
married Miss Rose 0' Gorman, who was born in London, and is a
daughter of Daniel O'Gorman.

888

HISTOKY OF THE

John W. Lockyee.

John W. Lockyer, butcher and meat dealer at London, Ont., is a
fair example of the possibilities of this country for younji; men without
means or influence, but with character and determination, industry
and ability to succeed. Mr. Lockyer, now in the prime of life, occu-
pies a favorable position among the business men of his occupation in
London. He was born in Exeter, Devonshire, England, June 26, 184G,
and his ftither, John Lockyer, was a native of the same place, and a
cabinet-maker by trade. The mother was Elizabeth (llaldry) Lockyer ;
was born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. John W. Lockyer was
the second of five children born to his parents, and he remained in his
mother's birthplace until twenty years of age, after which he served an
{ip])renticeship at *^he butcher's business, which he has made his occu-
pation in life since. In 1S6G he immigrated to America, landed in
New York, and went from there westward, working in difl'ereut places
in Montana, Arkansas, California and Oregon. After an experience of
several years, which added to his already extensive experience in his
chosen calling, he came to Canada in 187"). On July 12 of the same
year, Mr. Lockyer was married to jMiss 1 fannah Swan, of Tirook Town-
ship. They have a family of seven children — Lizzie, Annie, Evaline,
Harriet, John, William and liertha. After coming to Canada, ^Ir.
Lockyer farmed for two or three years, and then in 1873 he engaged
in his present business, which he has since followed with a good de-
gree of success. He came to this county without means, and what he
has accumulated is the result of his own indu.stry, economy, honesty
and fair dealing, and this is evinced by the patronage he has secured
and the quantity of meat with which his market is sup])lied. ^Ir.
Lockyer is a member of the L O. of Foresters and Royal Arcanum.

HENE7 DAWSON LONG.

Henry Dawson Long is manager of the London Soap Company.
In a city like London, the different lines of manufacture are many and
varied, and this is due not only to the enterprise and energy of the
business men, but to its natural advantages. Among the enterprises
that are at tlie present time contributing largely to the reputation of
the city as a manufacturing centre, may be mentioned the London Soap
Company, of which Mr. H. I). Long is the manager. He has been a
resident of London since 1849, and was born in County Tipperary,
Ireland, June 20, 1828, his father being William Long, and his mother
Mary (Eagan) Long, both of whom were natives of the same place.
He was reared in the county of his birth, and received fair educational
advantages in his boyhood days, but being of an enterprising disj.osi-
tion, he was not content to settle down in his native land, but deter-
mined to seek his fortune in Americji; and accordingly, in 1849, came

to Canada,

career as clt

of Edward ^

for ten year

connected \\

mercial tra

uected were

conducted

liiid the mai

joint stock c

business was

some of the

among whon

Keid, Preside

manufactory

the product

house enjoys

salesman.

way, Ireland,

Jeremiah

was born in

when very yc

his father am

was reared at

Lane, and rec(

entered the (.

served a regi

finishing, cont

amalgamated

the two roads

London, the (

seventeen yet

duties of this ]

employ of the

Fire Brigade, \

He has also tal

belonged to a

the Trent exci

tlio officers a:

ployed on the

ber of No. o C

Prescott at the

Old Fort Willi

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

889

}

to Canada, settling in London, where he embarked on his mercantile
career as clerk in a dry goods store, and afterwards entered the employ
of Edward Adams & Co. He remained in the employ of this company
for ten years, and then became a partner in the business, and remained
connected with the house until 1(S<S4, being, no doubt, the oldest com-
mercial tra "eller in Ontario. The works with which he is now con-
nected were formerly owned and operated by Thomas Churcher, who
conducted the same until 18(S6, since which time Mr. H. D. Long has
had the management of atfairs, and was sole owner until 1888, when a
joint .stock company was organized, with a capital of 8-5,000. The
business was put under the management of Mr. H. D. Long, who has
some of the leading business men of the county associated with him,
among whom may be mentioned Hiram Walker, of Walkerville ; \V. J.
Keid, President of the Company ; J. K. Clare, and C. H. Elliott. Their
manufactory has a capacity of 500 boxes per week, and the quality of
the product is unsurpassed in the Dominion, and the patronage the
house enjoys is largely due to Mr. H. D. Long's success as a travelling
salesman. He was married in 1850 to Miss Hannah Eagan, of Gal-
way, Ireland, and their family circle consists of four children.

JEREMIAH LGUGHLIN.

Jeremiah Longhlin, Foreman of the Car Works at London, Ont.,
was born in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, in August, 1845, and
when very young was depi'ived of parental care by the death of both
his father and mother. When (juite young, he came to (^"anada and
was reared at Druraraondville, on the historic battle gi'ound of Lundy's
Lane, and received his education at that place. August 11, 1862, he
catered the employ of the Great Western Railway at Hamilton, and
sewed a regular apprenticeship in the Car Department, and after
fini.shing, continued Iti the employ of the company until the road was
amalgamated with the Grand Trunk, and has been in the employ of
tiio two roads foi the past twenty-seven years. In 1874 he came to
London, the Car Shops being completed at that date, and for over
seventeen years has served in the capacity of foreman, fdling the
duties of this position faithfully and efficiently. After he entered the
employ of the Great Western Railway, he became identified with the
Fire Brigade, which became noted throughout Canada for its efficiency,
lie has also taken an interest in military affairs. As a schoolboy he
belonged to a company organized by Captain Leonard at the tin;e of
the Trent excitement. Upon, the organization of the 13tli Battalion,
till! officers and ])rivates of Nos. 5 and 7 Comjtanies v'cre em-
ployed on the Great Western Railway. Mr. Longhlin was a mem-
ber of No. 5 Company of this Battalion, and was in active service at
Proscott at the time of the St. Alban's raid, and spent three months at
Old Fort William. He was out with the same Battalion and engaged

890

HISTORY OF THE

in the battle of Ridgeway, being encamped in tlie fall of the same year
at Thovold under General Wolseley. He left the Ikttalion in 18C8
having held the position of sergeant for several years. He has been
twice married, first to j\Iiss Mary Ann Moore, of New Brunswick, who
died in 1880, leaving three children — Mamie, John and Charlotte ; and
second, to Mrs. ^IcKenna, of Hamilton, by whom he has two children
— Josephine and Irene.

William Gibson Lumley, m. D.

William Gibson Lumley, M. D., a practicing physician of Glencoe,
is a native of Canada, born in Southwold Township, Elgin County,
April 4, 1844. His father, John Lumley, was a native of Yorkshire,
England, and came with his parents to Elgin County when a child, the
Lundey family tliereby being one of the earliest pioneer families of the
County. John Lumley took as his wife Miss Maria Gibson, a native
of the State of New York, born near Rochester, and who came with
her parents to Canada. Of a family of tsvelve children, William Gib-
son Lumley was the youngest member. At an early age he entered
the public schools of Soutliwold Township, and subsequently attended
the St. Thomas Grammar Schools, where he shortly afterwaids began
the study of medicine under the instruction of Dr. George IJillingtou,
then at Delaware, Ont. In I8(i() he entered the Medical Department
of Victoria University of Toronto, and in the spring of 1870 graduated
with honors from that institution. Immediately following his gradu-
ation he came to Glencoe, established himself in his profession, and
has built np a large and lucrative practice. He is a member of the
Provincial and Dominion Medical Associations, and for the past ten
years has served as surgeon for the Grand Trunk Railroad, and has
been Coroner of Middlesex for a number of years. On Nov. 4, 1883,
he married Miss Elizabeth T., a daughter of the late Nathaniel Currie,
Escj., ex-M. P. P. (see sketch), and to them have been born one son
and three daughters. In 1884, at the establishment of Company No.
3 of the 26th Middlesex Battalion at Glencoe, the Doctor was ap-
pointed First Captain, which position he resigned in 1886. He has
been a member of the Public School Board, and is at present a trustee
of the High School Board. He is a prominent member of the Masonic
Order, having served as D. D. G. M. for the London District for 18S5,
and is Past Master and charter member of Lome Lodge, No. 282,
Glencoe.

James S. Luney.

James S. Luney is a prosperous contractor and builder, of London,
Ont, and was born in Cornwall, England, in 1848, being the tiiird of

ten childre

resided in

brick-maso

fotlier and

the New

London, an

ill business

loo block,

of George (

effective wo

building. J

Mall street

managemeni

sidered a sk;

wiio know h

sons, a nati

December, 1

Cliurch for tl

T. H. Lusc
solicitors, of I
^^^>3, and is t
wlio are nativ
Kiigland. Th
I'lymouth, aiK
Schools. Afte
America, land:
thence to New
He located in
David Glass, a
formed a parti
time, and then
became Luscoi
called to tlie 11
Luscombe was
child living u;
fraternity and
the solicitors fo
enviable reputa

i'!'^^

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

891

ten children born to the union of James Luney and Sophia Daw, Ho
resided in CornwaU until twenty-two years of age, and learned the
brick-mason's trade, which occupation was the chief calling of his
father and grandfather, and in 1871, determined to seek his fortune in
the New World, and accordingly immigi'ated to Canada, locating in
London, and began working at his trade. Two years later he eml)arked
in business on his own account, and took the contract for the Water-
loo block, on Richmond, and also erected Knox church, the residence
of deorge C. Gibbons, l!eid liros. building on Clarence, and did some
ett'ective work on the Asylum for the Insane, and the Medical School
building. He has had the contract awarded him for building the Pall
Mall street Methodist church, and through his industry and good
management, has aaiuired a comfortable competency. He is con-
sidered a skillful workman, and has the confidence and esteem of all
who know him. In 1868 he was married to Miss Mary Grace Par-
sons, a native of Devonshire, England. She died on the :29th of
December, 1S87. ^Ir. Luney has been a member of the Methodist
Church for thirteen years.

T. H. LUSCOMBE.

T. H. Luscombe, of the firm of Luscombe & Glass, barristers and

solicitors, of London, was born in Plymouth, Devonshire, England, in

Lsns, and is a son of Henry A. and Elizabeth (Congdon) Luscombe,

who are natives of Devonshire, and who are now residing in London,

England. The father is an artist. T. H. Luscombe was reared in

Plymouth, and received a good practical education in the Grammar

Schools. After quite an extensive trip through England, he sailed for

America, landing at Philadelphia, where he remained for a short time,

thence to New York and several other cities, and then came to Canada.

He located in London in 1875, and begaii the study of law with Hon.

David Glass, and was admitted to the Bar in 1882. He soon after

formed a partnership with Glass & Son, which continued for some

time, and then practiced alone until November, 188G, when the firm

became Luscombe & Glass, the junior member of the firm, who was

called to the liar in 1886, being a sou of Sheritf William Glass. Mr.

Luscombe was married to ^liss Henrietta Ellis, by whom ne has one

child living named Mabel F. He is a member of the Masonic

t'rat»rnity and the National Union. Messrs. Luscombe & Glass are

the solicitors for several important institutions, and are acquiring au

enviable reputation among the legal fraternity of the county,

Eev. Thomas Macadam.

The Rev. Thomas Macadam, pastor of St. Andrew's Church, Strath-
roy, has only been a few years in Canada, but is already well known

892

HISTORY OF THE

throughout the Presbyterian Church, of wliich he is a distinguished
minister. He was born in the County of Aberdeen, Scotland, on Jnlv
9, LS43, and is the son of James and Margaret (Johnstonl Macadam,
both deceased. Having early evinced a taste for study, he wa.s allbrded
the best facilities for obtaining a thorough education. After a pre-
liminary course at the famous Grammar School of Aberdeen, he
entered Aberdeen University in 1860, winning by competitive ex-
amination in cla.ssics a bur.sary of !?60 per annum, tenable for four
years, and standing next in order of merit to Professor VV. Kobertson
Smith, of Cambridge University, editor of the Encyclopiedia Uritaimica.
He pursued the full course of four years in classics, mathematics,
natural sciences, logic, English literature and mental philo,sophy, liav-
iug as jrt'ofessor in the last of these departments Dr. Alexander Bain,
.author of "The Senses and Intellect," "Emotions and Will," and
other standard works used in many leading institutions of learning
throughout the world. He secured a place on tlie honor list in
Greek and Christian Evidences. In 1864, Mr. Macadam entered
the Free Church Theological College in Aberdeen, where he studied
Hebrew and cognate languages, along with theology, for another
four years, gaining during this period the prize of 835 for an
essay on " The Headship of Christ," and being chosen by his
fellow-students to the highest offices in their gift, viz., the Presi-
dency of the "Free Church Students' Association," and of the Mis-
sionary Society. Ileceiving license to preach the Gospel, in 18(18,
from the Free Church Presbytery of Aberdeen, he was immediately
called to West Calder, but declined to accept the pastorate of that
congregation, and pursued his studies for two years longer, while acting
as assistant to Eev. W. ]\Iitchell, of Halbum, Aberdeen, and llcv. J.
Munro, Eutherglen, Glasgow. In 1870 he accepted a call to Chrys-
ton, near Glasgow, where he remained for ten years, during which,
in 1874, a remarkable revival of religion took place in the congrega-
tion. On Oct. ly, 1870, he married Miss Elizabeth Whyte, daughter
of John Whyte, Esq., of New York City, and sister of Kev, Dr.
Alexander Whyte, of Free St. George's, Edinburgh. Mrs. Macadam
died on Aug. lil, 1888. Their family con,sisted of — Jllizabeth (born
9th October, 1871), Margaret (born 2nd June, 1873), and Alexander
Whyte (born 22ud November, 1874, and died 18th February, 1S84).
Mr. Macadam came to Canada in 1881, and having been elected
Minister of St. Andrew's Church, Strathroy, he commenced his labors
there on Miirch 1st, 1882, and was formally inducted to pastoral
charge of the congregation by the Presbytery of London, on July 11th
of that year. Mr. Macadam is recognized as a vigorous and independ-
ent thinker, a ripe scholar, and an elegant writer, well-read in Englisji,
French and German literature. Hitherto he has published little under
his own name ; but has been an extensive contributor to the daily
press by editorials on politics and educational subjects, and by reviews
of English and German books. A small work of his on The Lord's

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

893

Supper, entitled " Master's Memorial," has received the highest praise
frdin literary and theological aiithorites, and in two years has readied
the large circulation of 1,300 copies, besides being republished in
Edinburgh. We understand he is at present engaged on a work on
" The Atonement." Mr. Macadam has had the advantage of extensive
foreign travel, and a large experience of public business. On the pass-
ing of the Scotch Education Act, in 1872, he was elected a member
of the School IJoard of the populous parish of Cadder, bordering on
the City of Glasgow, and served two terms of three years each, taking a
prominent share in the work of reorganizing the educational institu-
tions of the pari.sh, at a cost of nearly S100,000. He was also an
active member of the I'arochial and Sanitary Boards of that parish.
In his political views Mr. Macadam is a Liberal.

Colonel John Macbeth.

Col. John Macbeth, Deputy Clerk of the Crown at London, Ont.,
and was born in 18.S6 in the settlement of Kildonan, on the lied
River, in Manitoba. His parents, George and Catherine (Sutherland)
Macbeth, were both born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, at Kildonan.
They were among the early Selkirk settlers of Manitoba, the grand-
parents being first of the early settlers there. The grandfather was
a British soldier, as were also some of the mother's people, three
of her uncles being at the battle of New Orleans. George Macbeth,
the father, was for some time in the Hudson Bay Company, and
in 1838 came with his family to Canada, via the lakes in birch
bark canoes, and located in the County of Lambton, where he died in
1852. He was quite an extensive real estate holder, owning 400 acres
of land, and was serving his township in the capacity of Reeve at the
thue of his death. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, his
wife being a member of <^be Presbyterian Church. His death oc-
curred in 1882. They wert le parents of eight children, five of whom
are living at the present time — Alexander (residing at Port Talbot),
Col. John, Kobert (residing in Pennsylvania), Isabella (widow of a Mr.
White), and Kate (residing in the County of Elgin).

Col. John Macbeth was a very small boy when he came with his
parents to Lambton County. Up to the age of fourteen years he
assisted his parents on the farm and attended school, and then entered
the law iiftice of Henry C. K. Becher, Q. (J., of London, studying
with him until 1859, when he was admitted to the Bar. He im-
mediately engaged in practicing his profession, and, in 1860, was ap-
pointed to his present office, which he has filled up to the present time.
Ill 18-54 he joined the volunteers, and the year that the Prince of
Wales made his visit to the Dominion of Canada, Mr. Macbeth acted
as Captain of the Guard of Honor, and furnished the guard at the

894

HISTOHY OF THE

Tecuinseh House during liis stay. In 18G5 lie entered a nilitary
school, obtaining a first-class certificate, and attended the ca.nps at
La Prairie and Thorold, under Colonel Wolseley, now Lord Wolsu-
ley, and var:"U3 camps up to the year 1878, when he resi^iiud
his position as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Battalion, retain-
ing his rank. He was in the volunteer service nearly twenty-five
years, and no man has served his country l)etter than Mr. ]\Iac.
beth. The battalion was in a flourishing condition under his man-
agement, and had a celebrated brass band, which was considered
the best in Canada. In 18i)3 he was married to Miss Con.stance
Webster, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the following are the children
born to their union: — Herbert (I., a barrister, of London ; Frank I., in
Molsons Bank at Montreal ; Hugh, in the wholesale house of Birrell &
Co. ; George and Charles, in college ; and Frances, Helen and Isabella,
residing at home, Mr. Macbeth is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
Past Master of Tuscan Lodge, o2nd degree in the Scottish Ilite. His
eldest brother, George, now deceased, was Lieut.-Colonel of the 2.1th
Battalion of Elgin, and represented that county in the old Parliament
of Canada before Confederation, and was Alderman of the City of
London at the time of his death, in 1870.

Hugh McCallum, M.D.

Hugh McCallum, M. D., was born in the County of Elgin in 18(1(1.
His father, Alexander McCallum, was a native of Scotland, born April
22, 1810, and the mother, whose maiden name was Annie McAliiiii,
was also of Scotch birth. They were married January 22, 1841, and
to their union were born ten children, six of whom are now living —
three sons and three daughters. The father immigrated to Canada in
1831, settled in the County of Elgin, where he remained for several
years, and then went to Illinois., where he remained for about two
years. In 1841 he returned to Canada, and was here engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits for forty years. He resided on this farm previous to
coming to London.

Dr. Hugh McCallum passed his youth on a farm in Middle.sex
County, and received his primary education in Westminster Township.
He is a graduate of both the Western University of London and the Uni-
versity of Toronto. In 1887 he was elected to the chair of physiology
in the Western University. The year previous to this he began
practicing in London. He married Miss Annie Nattrass, who was
born in Bradford, and who is the daughter of Rev. Timothy Nattrass.
The doctor is a member of the Ontario College of Physicians and
Surgeons. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Inde-
pendent, Ancient and Canadian Order of Foresters, and surgeon of all
three orders. He is one of the prominent and rising young physicians
of the county.

There i

interests of

P''''iy faniil'

important \x

Until rio, and

tlic city's ])r(

•■» sinalJ scale

{"•ogress in tl

limn her of j]

individuals s

t"wn of no

manifested U
leaders thorec
stoves and ti
Dominion, am
Manufactory [
wacliinery, no
IS now superini
familiar witli it
*'eve]o]7ment.
w'lich failed to
•VcCJary wa.s oJ
county as early
John McCJa
John McCJary ^
"•as partiallv ref
f^-Aim, and wr
Jat State, Marc
revolutionary fa
'nan, who came (
son took part in i

«f Peter and lintl
Ji'esident of the \
"'^n/y Adams, ca
Jf ed States, a
^;a/ns WHS a farn
goofi collegiate ed.
;« :5;\ after whi
^■"l >n .studvincr la

*»';«» ^-pubil:

'"e 8tamp Act.
jafes, and was r„a
J .of a clergyrna,
^ jncy Adams was
«'«h President of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

895

Lilly
s at

jiieil

tain-

:-fwe

Mac-

inau-

stance
lildven
: I., in
n-iiW &
uibella,
tevnity,
. }lis
le 'ir.th
Aiaiuent
City of

in ISti"-

)vn Av"! !

841, and
living—
lanada in
)r several
kbout two
Id in agri-
I'evious to

Middlesex
Cownslnp.

the Tni-
Lysiology
Ibe began
iwbo was

i^attvass.

licians and

I the Inde-

Lon of all

(physicians

Mc Clary Family.

There is no name more ftivorablj' known or one with wliich the
interests of London are more closely connected than that of the Mc-
Clary family, for the manufactory that bears their name is the most
imjiortant industry among the many of the city, as well as Western
Oiitai'io, and tiie career of this family is identified with every step of
the city's progress. Their manufactory, which at first was starteil on
a .small scale, lias grown so steadily that those wlio have witnessed the
progress in their business, have failed to realize its importance. The
number of men to whom it gives employment and the number of
individuals sustained by this establishment would, of itself, make a
town of no small proportions ; and the good judgment and energy
manifested in the develo])ment of this industry has stanijjed the
leaders thereof as men above the average. In the manufacture of
stoves and tinware their name is a familiar word throughout the
Dominion, and the quality of their product is unsurpassed. Their
niamifactory is well supplied with all the latest and most apjiroved
machinery, no expense being spared in this particular. The busine.ss
is now superintended by John McClary, who, from boyhood, has been
familiar with its details, and who has given his whole attention to its
development. No history of Middlesex county would bo complete
which failed to include a sketch of the McClary family, for the senior
Mc( 'lary was one of the very earliest pioneers, having come to the
county as early as 1817.

John McClary, who was the father of Peter, William, Oliver and
John McClaiy, was born in New Hampshire, March IS, 1784, and
was yiartially reared in his native State. In 1804 he moved to Penn-
sylvania, and was there married to Miss Sally Stark, who was born iu
that State, March 17, 1786. and was a descendant of Gen. Stark, of
Kevolutionary fame. John McClary's father was the son of a Scotch-
man, who came to America long before the Revolutionary war, and the
son took part in this war, his wife being Dolly Fletcher, a daughter
of Peter and Ruth (Adams) Fletcher, the latter a niece of John Adams,
President of the United States. About 1740 the latter's grandfather,
Henry Adams, came with a family of eight sons from England to the
United States, and settled in Massachusetts. The father of John
Adams was a farmer of limited means, who managed to give John a
good collegiate education, and he was graduated from Harvard College
in 1755, after which he spent some time in teaching a Grammar School
and in studying law, being admitted to the Bar. He soon turned his
attention to public matters, and became noted for his opposition to
the Stamp Act. He became the second President of the United
States, and was married to Abigail Smith in 17G4. She was a daugh-
ter of a clergyman of the neighboring town of Weymouth. John
Quincy Adams was the eldest son of John Adams, and became the
sixth President of the United States. He was born July 11, 1767,

896

HISTORY OF THE

and died in Wasliinr;ton, February 23, 1848. He was graduated from
Harvai'd College in 17HH, and in 17'.>1 was admitted to the liar.
He married a Xliss Johnson on the 27tli of duly, 17'.I7, and by \m-
became the father of one son — Charles Francis Adams. The latter
died in ] 88() leaving two sons — Charles Francis and .losiah Quinoy.
The former is prominently identified with the railroad interests iit the
])resent time, and is President of the Union Pacific Railroad. Jf)hii Me-
Clary, who married Miss Sally Stark above mentioned, was a lumber
manufacturer in Peinisylvania, and, in 1813, during the war })etweeii
Great Britain and the United States, a large cargo of his lunilier was
seized and burned, which loss so crippled him, financially, that about
1817 ho determined to come to Canada to see if he could better his
fortunes. He settled in Westminister Town.ship, near Nilestown, and,
in connection with farming, re-engaged in the lumber business, and
here resided until his death, in 1848. He and wife became the
parents of twelve children — Dorcas (born Oct. 16, ISOIJ, and died in
February, 188!)), Daniel (born October 22, 1808, and died in infoncy),
Dolly (born March 5, 1810), William (born January 16, 1812), Peter
(born April 5, 1.S14), Oliver (born October ;!1, 1816), David (born
March 24, 1820, and died at Mormon City on his way to I'alifornia),
Sally (born March 7, 1822, and is now deceased), Maria (born January
4, 1824, also deceased), Lsaac (born June 26, 1826, living in Cali-
fornia), John (born January 22, 1829), and Henry (born February 20,
18:51, and died August 8, 1832).

William McClary, the eldest son, came with his parents to Canada
and spent his early life on a farm. He prepared himself for the occujja-
tion of teaching, and followed this calling for some time. In 184,"> he
received a license as a Provincial Land Surveyor, and has followed this
calling for many years. Peter, the second son, was born in Pennsylvania,
April 5, 1814, and, after coming to Canada, was engaged in farming until
1878, when he retired from active life. In 1855 he was appointed Col-
lector of Inland lievenue, and continued to fill this oHice until 1876,
when he was superannuated and retired on a pension. He was married
to Miss Clarissa Myrick, a daughter of Gardner and Elizabeth (Hall)
Myrick, and eight children was the result of their union — William
Henry (decea.sed), Charles, Sarah E. (wife of Jas. Gilmour), Nancy M.
(wife of Geo. Donaldson, of Buffalo, New York), John, Clara L. (wife of
Arthur W. Pritchard), and Katherine (wife of George Morehead). Mr.
McClary has held the office of Justice of the Peace for over thirty
years, and served for several years as either Councillor or Peeve of
Westminster Township. Oliver McClary, the third son, was reared on
the family homestead, and at an early age he commenced teacliini,'
school, holding a Government certificate ; but, owing to impaired health,
relinquished this calling, and commenced selling goods on the road,
which occupation he followed five or six years. He then began manu-
facturing tinware, and the result of his enterprise is fully stated above.
In ] 8."4 he married Miss Martha Coombs, who was born in England.

She died in 1
Loiii.sa (wife (
iuid George,
wife, Mrs. Fai
one son, Cliarl
son living, wa;
working at the
excitement in
one year returi
work at his cIk
brother dispose!
present bnsinei
Mr. McClary h..
daughter of P]
(who married
Bes,sie (wife of
wife iAIi.ss Mary
George O. M
pany, is tJie cUi
in London, and
life M'ith the abo
witli this establi;

'Tohn G. McC
'Dip. is the son of
moved from I>enr
f ^\'estminster T
fved on the Sec
London. He is
'fact of laud.
and has given Jii.s
active temperance
contact. He is a I
'''Jtow-nien, and h
f^fs. ile was c
took an active in
irustee for a nuni

1°^ and receive.
''^'«s :\Iatilda Nov
ton, and became
r^'t", Lou and Wa
'l^- -t- Church, of w
^''"stee. and in his

COUNTY OF MIUDLKSEX.

897

She (lied in 1871, leaviiiL; four children — Eliza (wife of John (Jnuld),
Louisa (wife of John M. Moore), Arthur (wlio married Miss Whetter),
and George. On February 'A, 1881, Mr. McClary nmrried his second
wife, Mrs. Fanny Murphy, whose maiden name was Hyde. She has
one son, Charles, by lier former husband. ■lohn McClary, the next
son living, was born in Middlesex County, and 3})ent his early days
working at the tinsmith's trade. During the early Instory of the gold
excitement in California, he went to the Pacific slope ; but at the end of
one year returned, and in connection with his brother Oliver began to
work at his chosen calliTig, and attended to the manufacturing while his
brother disposed of the wares; and this was the commencement of their
{iR'sent business, which is the most important industry in London.
Mr. McClary has been married twice, first to Miss Mary Ann Drake, a
danghter of I'hineas Drake ; .she died, leaviiig two children — Theresa
(who married W. A. Gunn, son of the late George M. Gunn) and
Bessie (wife of William M. Gartshore). He selected for his second
wife Miss Mary Pavey, a native of Devonshire, England.

George 0. AlcClary, Treasurer of the McClary Mamifacturing Com-
pany, is the eldest son of Oliver McClary. He was born and reared
in London, and when sixteen years of age he commenced his busines.s
life with the labove company, and for eleven years has been connected
with this establishment, and in 1880 elected Treasurer of the same.

Canada
ccupa-
!S4o he
d this
vauia,
> \nitil
ulCol-

1870,
married

(Hall)
iVilliam
ucy M.
(wife nf
). Mv.
r thirty
eeve ol

ared on
Iteiichiii;-!

I health,

le road,
In nianu-

d above.

sland. :;.. ^

John G. McClary.

John G. McClary, another prominent farmer of Westminster Town-
ship, is the son of Peter McClary and grandson of John McClary, who
moved from Pennsylvania to Canada and settled on the 1st Con., Lot 2,
of Westminster Township, among the earliest settlers. Peter McClary
lived on the Second Concession for some time, and then moved to
London. He is a prosperous farmer, and is the owner of a large
tract of land. He is still living, is seventy-three years of age,
and has given his sons each a good farm. He has always been an
active temperance man, and is respected by all with whom he comes in
contact. He is a man whose judgment is held in high esteem by his
fellow-men, and held the jiosition of Reeve and Councilman for many
years. He was collector of internal revenue for twenty-three years,
took an active interest in the cause of education, and was School
Trustee for a number of years. He is a member of the I'resbyterian
Clnuch. His son John G. McClary was born on his father's farm in
1S4'J, and received a High School education in London. He married
Miss Matilda Norton, danghter of Fi'ank and Catherine (Decker) Nor-
ton, and became the father of these children — Kate, Charles, Fred,
Peter, Lou and Walter. Mr. and Mrs. McClary are members of the
Jl. E. Church, of which Mr. McClary is steward. He is also School
Trustee, and in his political opinions is a lleformer. He is a man of

898

HISTOKY OF THE

libcml viows on all iin]iortant subjects. He has a good ivcoid, is an
enterprising' farmer and a yood business man.

ARTHUR E. MCCLARY.

Arthur E. McCIary, sou of Oliver ]\Ic(;lary, was born in Lcmdoii,
June (1, 1.S63, and was reared and educated in his native city. On tlio
27th of November, 18.S4, he was married to Miss Ella Wlictter, a
daughter of Francis Whetter, Esii-, and by her is the Aitlier of one
child — Ella. Francis Whetter was born in Cornwall, England, in
1819; liis ]iareuts, Eichard and Jane (Thomas) Whetter, Iwing natives
of Cornwall and Devonshire, England, respectively. Francis was
reared in Cornwall on a farm and followed the occupation of a drover,
becoming an excellent judge of stock. 1 n 1 855 he decided to inunigi ate
to Canaila, and after reaching this country, located in London and
began looking around for a business opening. Soon an opportunity
ofl'ered for o])uning a meat market, and he availed himself of this o])en-
ing, and for fourteen years was one of the prominent meat merchants
of the city, his former experience in purchasing stock assisting him
materially in this enterjffise. In 18.jti he ])urchased his ])resent farm
of thirty-three acres, and since retiring from business has been engaged
in raising thoroughbred and good graded cattle, and in this business
has been very successful. In 1855 he was married to Miss Ellen
Peter, a native of C'ornwall, She has ever been his confidante, adviser
and counsellor, and has proven a helj)mate in every sense of the word.
They have three children — Kate (Mrs. Dodd, of Toronto), Ella (wife
of Arthur E. McClary), and Clara (at home).

PETER McCANN.

Peter McCann was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 182-, and two
years later was brought to Canada by his parents, who located in
London. He was educated in the old school building, which still
stands on York street, near Westminster bridge. After attaining his
majority, he took charge of the Western Hotel on llichniond street,
with which he was connected until 18G2. In 1851-2 he shared in
the speculation mania of the period, and invested largely in city lots,
but this investment was unfortunate, for when the financial crisis of
1857 reached Canada, I\Ir. McCann and many others were taken
into the maelstrom. A reference to the early history of Lon-
don will show many of the various public duties performed by
this old resident ; and it is said that wherever a friend was wanted,
or an earnest effort required by the village to carry out some
design of improvement, Mr. McCanu's name was mentioned and his
services called into play. This willingness on his part to do a public

or charittibh

of him thai

simunon tht

who was dyi

the Western

results of tl

ey(;rything h

citizens and I

has lived to j

thou.sand inh

dence.s, and

settlers, becoi

views with pr

and the part 1

Mr. iMcCa

by the Domin

ried in 1844 t(

Dignan, who

Their union n

Whateley), Ar

of Edmund M

R. Meredith, ^

died 21st Auai

Hugh McC

sliip, County of

now living, bori

^'oll. The tath

Townshij), in IJ-

fir.st .settlers of

from his native

land, born 1812

Canada in 1,S21

McColl, attainet

of his education

tlie Normal Schc

followed this avc

«hip, and four

I'*<65, to Miss ..

1*^39, daughter o

iobu, The form

wtter in ''^'^7

[;'oll cam, Stra

J'sher Luxton, i

JlcC'oIl oontinuec

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

899

or charitable act was displayed by him at an early a<,'e, and it is told
of liim that in 1830 he rode from St. Thomas to Nia>,'am Falls to
summon the jn-iest of that parish to the bedside of a missionary father
who was dying at St. Thomas, and .succeeded in his errand. In 186'J
the Western Hotel property passed out of his hands, as one of the
results of the panic of 18.")7. Indeed, it may be said iliat he lost
evcirything he possessed, except the regard and respect of liis fellow-
citizens and the perfect health which was an hereditary legacy. He
has lived to see London grow from a small village to a city of several
thou.sand inhabitants, with good business lilocks and handsome resi-
dences, and the almost unbroken wilderness, with a few scattered
settlers, become a country rich in fertile farms and fine homes ; and
views with pride and satisfaction the prosperity of the city and county,
and the part he has taken in the change.

Mr. AlcC'ann, in the year 1875, was appointed Fishery Inspector
by the Dominion Government, a position he still holds. He was mar-
ried in 1844 to Miss Annie Dignan, a daughter of the late Bernard
Dignan, who was one of the very early settlers of London Township.
Their union resulted in the birth of Jane (who married Charles. C.
Whateley), Amanda (now Mrs. John B. Givens), Thresa Clare (• , Ife
of Edmund Meredith, Q. C), Bernard C. (who studied law under W.
R. Meredith, Q. C), Henrietta, Beatrice, and Harry M. Mrs. McCann
died 21st August, 1886.

Hugh McColl.

Hugh McColl, postmaster at Strathroy, was born in Ekfrid Town-
ship, County of Middlesex, Out., and is the oldest of nine children, six
uow living, born to the union of Duncan and Sarah (McTaggart) Mc-
Coll. The father was born in Scotland, in 1800, and died in Ekfrid
Townshij), in 1872. He was a farmer by occupation, and one of the
first settlers of Ekfrid Township, 'in this county, having immigi-ated
from his native land in 1831. The mother was also a native of Scot-
land, born 1812, and died in Ekfrid Town.ship in 18G8. She came to
Canada in 1829, and settled in Lobo Township. Their son, Hugh
McColl, attained his growth on the farm, and received the rudiments
of his education in the public schools of his, township, but finished at
the Normal School at Toronto. In 1855 he began teaching school, and
followed this avocation for thirteen years — nine years in Ekfrid Town-
ship, and four years in Lobo. His marriage occurred October 17,
LS63, to Miss Annie M. Harris, who was born at Lobo, October 5,
1839, daughter of John and Margaret (Cutler) Harris, old settlers of
Lobo. The former died in 1872 at the age of fifty-six years, and the
latter in ''^87, at the age of seventy-five years. In 18G8, Mr. Mc-
Coll canii Strathroy and purchased the Strathroy Aije of William
Fisher Luxton, now one of the prominent men of Winnipeg. Mr.
McColl continued to publish the Age until the first of April, 1876,

900

l.'STOKY OF TliE

but previous to this, on Novenil)er I, iHTo, he was appointoil post-
muster iit Strathroy, which position he has lield coutiiiuuusly since.
Mrs. McColl died .May 27, IHHl, leavinj,' one dauj^hter, Ma<;^ie s',
who was born October 24, 1.S74. Mr. McColl is u member of Masniiic
fraternity, Heaver Lod<>e, No, H^^, and is a cliart<!r mendHa- ol' Jlowaid
Lodfje, No. 5S, 1. O.O. F. He is a nuMuber of tlu; Haptist Chuicli, and
has been a resident of Middlesex County for more than hall a ciJiitury.

Andrew Mccormick.

In sketchiuff the life of this j,'entleman, it is but just to say that his
pood name is above rejiroach, and that he has won the confidence iind
esteem of all who know him. He was born in London, Ontario, on the
1st day of January, 18:i5, and he is one of the oldest male residents of
London, born within the or<,'anized limits of the city. His jiarents,
Andrew and Alice H. (I'>ej;p) McCormick, were both natives of
Donaghadee, (Jounty of Down, Ireland, and in 182'.t immi^'niteil to the
Dominion of Canada, and selected fur their home Lot I'J, North York
St., London. The father was a jjlastercr by trade, and after following
this calling for some years turned his attention to mercantile j)ursuit.s.
He was tlie first I'athmaster of the town. He w.-is prominent in
Ma.sonic circles, being a lioyal Arch Maison and a Charter mendjer of
St. John's, No. .■>, and filled the chair of First Principal. He died on
the 20Lh day of July, LSiiO, leaving besides his widow, who still sur-
vives, three sons and one daughter — William, a resident of London;
Thomas, in New South Wales ; Andrew, and Atm, the widow of Gilbert
Porte. Andrew, the third son and youngest child, was reared to man-
hood in his native city, and his early career was spent in his father's
store. He subsequently learned the shoemaker's trade and engaged in
the shoe business in his own name, iind continued this calling until
1865, when, owing to impaired health, he abandoned this occupation,
and embarked in tlie grocery and provision trade, and also engaged in
buying and selling horses, and was thus engaged for several years,
doing a large business in this line. His services for years were in
frequent demand as a judge of horses at the leading fairs of the
Dominion, but he steadfastly refused t;; act iii this capacity at liouii'.
In all of his decisions he was accredited with impartiality, and gained
many friends and no enemies.

In municipal matters he has been prominent, having served as a
coimcilman, alderman, and mayor. In 18(J4 he was induced to accept
the nomination for councilman from the 4th Ward, and in 1866 lie was
elected by acclamation alderman of the l.st Ward. In 187'"> lu' was
elected m^yor, and during his administration the fire department of the
city changed from a volunteer to a paid department, and steam engines
took the place of hand engines. During his term of ofllco, the Huron
& Bruce Railway received its subsidy from the city, and Mr. McCor-

I'olni ( 'le^r^r V

's stiJl Jivmg ;
^'"■•^iiie.ss in Jj
-^''■- iind Mrs
wiioni are Jiv
Cohort, Andrd
'r''^'«torG.,an(
•■^'fied died in

^- C. Macd
f,«"3', of land
County of Ko\

f Alexander J
'lero of Ava, jl
f f' was mai'rij
J;':' William,

0" a farm i„ t
^'•«fton, near (■]
°l«>nted a distill
mmited by Siil
^'^''jt Infantry I
P<^n'ie'>t CompanI
Jwvmce, which f
"""..ind engaged

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

901

iiiick WHS one of tlio activu workers in the interests of the rriacl. In
IS?;') the l*rovincial Fair was iieltl in London, and Mr. McCormiok
received a vote of thanks for liis niiina^'enitnit and co-operation and its
successful termination, the oflicers of the I'oard Iteiny Hon, David
Cliristie, and Hon. (leori,'e Ih'own. The whole deht of the city was
udjusted that year. In 1875 he was made ])resident of tin* Western
Fair Association, and for fourteen years he has heen ])resident of the
Ontario Mutiial Fire Insurance Co. It was while he was mayor that
the land for the ]iresent jiark was secured. He was elected a memher
of the Ho.spital Trust, and served as chairman of the Board, H(! is a
Koyal Arch Mason, and has fdled the chair of First Vrinci)>al, and for
the ]>ast thirty years has been a memher of the I. O. O. F., and has
filled all the chaiis of this order.

In the sjiace allotted in this volume, it would be imjjossible to irive
a detailed account of his ]iublic and ])rivate career, or sjjcak at lenj^th
of his many sterling, .social and business (|ualities. Suilici^ is to say,
that in every walk in life his career has been above criticism or
reiiroach. February 17, l.sr)7, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann
E. elegy, who was born in ( hatham, Ontario, a daughter of the late
John ( 'legg, who was one of the early ])ioneers of the city. His widow
is still living and is one of the landmarks of the city, having been in
business in London longer than any other of its jjre.sent residents. To
Mr. and IMrs. McCormick have been Ijorn thirteen children, ten of
whom are living — Letitia (wife of .lohn T. Stephenson), Charles J.,
Kohert, Andrew George, Henry K., Thomas H., Albert E , Alice A.,
Chester 0.,and Mary H. William J. F. died in March, 1882 ; Ernest
Alfred died in June, 1884 ; and Andrew died in 1865.

D. C. Macdonald.

D. C. Macdonald, manager of the London Mutual Insurance Com-
pany, of London, Ontario, was born in the Township of Seymour,
I'ouiity of Northumberland, Canada, February 13, 1835, and is a sou
of Alexander Macdonald (a nephew of Sir Archibald Campljell, the
lierii of Ava, India), who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1809,
ami was married in his native land to Miss Mary A. D. Cameron, of
Fort William, Inverness, Scotland. He was a lieutenant in Her
Majesty's 59th Regiment, and after coming to Canada in 1834, .settled
on a farm in the County of Northumberland, and then removed to
Grafton, near Cobourg, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, and also
operated a distillery. When the Rebellion of 1837 broke out, he was
ajipointed by Sir George Arthur to act as adjutant of the First Frontier
Light Infantry, and afterwards had command of the Whitby Inde-
pendent Company. Later, he commanded the colored troops of the
Province, which were disbanded in May, 1850. He then came to Lon-
don, and engaged in the real estivte and insurance business, and in 1859

902

HISTORY or THE

oraanized the London IMutual Insurance, and acted as manager aiid
cc^manager until his d.ath. in 1879 He left two sons-A. . . B.
Macdonald and D. C, our subject. The ktter received liberal educa-
tional advantages, attending school at Niagara and Port Robinson
After «tudvin" law for some time he passed as a solicitor in 1S()1, but
aave his attention to insurance, and succeeded his father as manager
Sf the London Mutual, and no individual in London is more famihar
with the calling, or manifests a more natural aptitude for underwriting
than he He has figured prominently in municipal atlairs, and for six
years served as a member of the City Council. In l«7a he was
appointed by the Council to the position of Mayor, and was elected by
vote to the same position in 1876. He was married in 1862 o Miss
Alicia Thomson, who was born in the Township of Adelaide, ( ^ounty
of Middlesex, and by her has one surviving son. Mr Macdonald is a
Mason, ani is Past Master of King Solomon Lodge, No. 678.

RemoYed Ws Office to Union Block, 185 Dundas St,

D-U-ER &URITS GUN STORE,

VITALIZED AIR USED FOR THE PALUESS EXTRACTION OF TEETH,

JERRY McDonald.

Jerry McDonald, proprietor of the West End Hotel au'JRestam^^^
S7 8') Dundas st London, is a native of the County, born leb. ,., lSo( ,
Sl^^dof those Wisite. such as V^^.^^^^;/^
are so necessary to success in any business. He is the tliiid ot^u c
Sdren and was reared and educated in London, and since IS < <
been en-aaed in the hotel and restaurant business, having first bu
nml koi t an hotel in London West known as the " River bide, w uch he
s IW ins In 1884 he opened liis present establishmeivt on Dumas

twidX under his able nfanagement, has become oiie « the P
resorts of the city. Ho is thoroughly conversant with all tht d t.ms

oftheburess.Ind his spacious dining-room is capable of seatuy a

large numb
j^roportiona
billiard tab)
wines, liquc
oyster housi
aud his Iuik
is well kiio
matters is e

Thomas

in the City (

Patrick H.

mari'ied in

England in 1

died in 183(

came to Cans

near Quebec,

to Ontario, Ic

Rebellion of

enlisted and

peace was d(

only a small

ships and exj

lie was comp(

London. He

ten children t

America, but

distinguished

rose to proinii

McDonough.

business educi

Bayly and Th

1848, when

occupation he

successful in

him from taki

positions requ

was engaged i

afterwards he i

member of th

staunch Coiise

political cainpa

attends the Ch

lie is very popi

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

903

lai'fje number of guests, while the other rooms of tlie establishment are
proportionately commodious and well kept. He has several pool and
billiard tables, and his well-appointed bar is well stocked with choice
wines, liquors and ales. His establishment is a popular resort as an
oyster house and restaurant for the ladies and gentlemen of the city,
and his luncheon department is patronized by many. ISlr. McDonald
is well known and popular throughout the city, and on all sporting
matters is an excellent authority and judge.

THu'as Mcdonough.

Thomas McDonough, retired wholesale and retail grocer, was born
in the City of Limerick, Ireland, December 12, liS2-l:, and is a son of
Patrick H. and Margaret McDonough, who were born, roared and
married in Ireland, the latter event taking pilace in the (.'hurch of
England in 1818. Patrick was the only son of John McDonough (who
died in 1836, at the age of ninety-throe years and six montlis), and
came to Canada with his family in IH'M, settling on a largo tiact of land
near Quebec, where he remainet. for some years and afterwards moved
to Ontario, locating on a farm in London Townshij). Soon after the
Kebellion of 1837 broke out, and at the first call for volunteers, he
enlisted and led a company to the front, where he remained until
peace was declared. He then returned to London, which was then
only a small village, and engaged in business, but owing to the hard-
ships and exposure which he endured while in the army at the front,
lie was compelled to give up his business and retire to his farm, near
Loudon. Here he died on the 12tli of May, 1844, leaving a wife and
ten chiklren to mourn his loss. He had uncles who preceded him to
America, but they settled in the United States, whore they became
distinguished citizens. One of them entered the navy and afterwards
rose to prominence in the history of the United States as Commodore
McDonough. Thomas, whose name heads this sketch, received a good
business education in the Grammar School of London, under "Wright,
Bayly and Thomjison, and then remained on the old home farm until
184S, when he engaged in mercantile pursuits in London, which
occupation he followed until a short time ago. He was exceptionally
successful in his business ventures, and his many duties prevented
him from taking part in public life, although eminently fitted to fill
positions requiring marked business ability. From IHod to ISiiS he
was engaged in the mercantile business with his brother-in-law, but
afterwards he earned on the business unaided. In liS5:> he became a
member of the ^lasonic fraternity, and throughout life has boon a
staunch Conservative in his political views, taking an active part in
political campaigns and making a sturdy fight for his candidate. He
attends the Church of England, and in social as well as business life
be is very popular and successful. He is unmarried.

904

HISTOUY OF THK

Andrew M. McEvoy.

A. ]\r. McEvoy, Treasurer of the County of Middlesex, was born
about 1841, in County Down, Ireland, where both his parents. Dr.
William and ^largaret (Miller) McEvoy, were born. The father was
a graduate of the Edinburgh Medical School, one of the leading medi-
cal institutions of Scotland, and practiced his profession in his native
county until his death, which occurred about 1842, followed by his
wife about a year later. Of their four children only two are living —
Andrew M. and Mary (wife of Hiram Miricle, residing in Wisconsin).
Those deceased are John, who, when the great civil war broke out in
the United States, joined the 4th Michigan Volunteers, and was sent
south with his regiment. He was taken prisoner at the battle of
Gettysburg, Pa , where he also received a gunshot wound in the left
arm, and was taken to the tobacco-house (Libby) prison at Iiichmond,
Va., where all trace of him was lost; it is supposed he either died
or was killed. jMargaret died in Wisconsin. Andrew M. McEvoy
came to Canada with his uncle in 1848, and located with him on a
farm in Lobo Township, where he grew to manhood, and received a
good English education, and, in 180'.), he was elected to the Council of
Caradoc, serving until 187(i, when he was appointed Clerk of that
township, and served until June, 1887, being nearly twenty years a
servant of the people. At the latter date he was apjiointed to his
present oflice of County Treasurer. In 1(S.")9 he was united in mar-
riage to Miss Anna Northcott, a native of Caradoc.

Robert McEwen.

Eobert McEwen, another enterprising and successful farmer of
Westminster Township, was born in liS.jo on the farm he ncnv owns,
which was reclaimed Irom a perfectly wild forest by his father, David
McEwen, to a high state of cultivation. Robert McEwen, the grand-
father of the subject of this notice, following the footsteps of his
ancestors, took to farming, and was a tenant on Clochranhill, a small
hokling belonging to the Hamiltons, of lloselle, and across the road
from the widely-known Burns' cottage, in Ayrshire, Scotland. In

IT'.'H he married Jane Mcllwraith (also of an Ayrshire family, who
could boast of a residence in this county, as well as an ancestry tracing
back over 700 years), and they had seven children — Margaret, James
(writer to the Sirfnet, Edinburgh), John ("established church minister of
the Parish of Kirkmichael), David, Ilobert (member, and for some
years chairman of the Stock Exchange, ^lanchester, England), Hugh
(agent of the Oriental P>ank, Calcutta), and Janet, who all received a
thorough education in the Ayr Academy, For a number of years, and
at the time of his death, he was factor to the estate of which he was a
tenant. Upon his death the management of the farm fell to his sou

David, wh

come to Ce

-00 acres

d'lty, claim

ments had I

to give it u

make liims

'^"ught, tins

of VVestmin

working aga

settlers in ni

liis holding (

'''■om his nat:

tlie daughter

four children

He died in 1,

J'resbyterian,

London. H*

V all wlio ki

Robert, lii<

education, anc

settled down

especially to s

ciales has done

For some yeai

countj^ and nr

;;"'kofCaptai
01 ihonias H.

The followii
don's represent
'^■"own, and wh(
entirely througl
operations, then
nation and goo
island of Unte

7 on)a„i^., ^^;^

J '0 former was
JJainel, the eight
"■IS I'eared in 'his
« cotton factory.
S'»v and entered m
.[<-''i''s, hut iearnir
'^ ^'o , of that cit-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

905

David, who carried it on until the expiration of the lease, when he
come to Canada as early as 1S;>4 and purchased from Colonel Tall)ot
200 acres in the Township of Delaware. Through some settlement
duty, claim was made against this pro]:)erty after considerable improve-
ments had been done. Eighteen months subsequently he was obliged
to give it up ; but not discouraged, and with a firm determination to
make himself a home with what little available means left, he again
bought, this time 100 acres in the First Concession of the Township
of Westminster. By patience, industry and careful attention, thougli
working against many misfortunes and striving with difficulties whicli
settlers in new countries of the present day know nothing, he increased
his holding to 230 acres, to which he gave the name of Alloway Lodge,
from his native ]<nrish in Scotland. In 1852 he was married to Martha,
the daughter of AVilliara Mcllwraith, of I'envallie, to whom were born
four children — Ellen, Kobert, Jane, and a boy who died in infancy.
He died in 1879, at the age of seventy-four years. In religion he was
Presbyterian, and for over thirty years attended St. Andrew's Clnirch,
Loudon. He was a man of sterling qualities, and highly respected
by all who knew him.

Kobert, his son, was given every advantage of obtaining an excellent
education, and, on his return from a four years' course in Scotland,
settled down to farming. He soon directed his attention more
especially to stock raising, and by his superior irajwrtatious of Clydes-
dales has done much to improve the farm horses in his neighborliood.
For some years he has been connected with the active militia of this
county, and now holds the responsible position of Adjutant, with tiie
rank of Captain. In 1888 he was married to Annie Isabel, dauglitev
of Thomas H. and Isabella (liobson) Brettell.

,-us,

Lvid

Ind-
his

|iuU

load
In

Ivlio
niig
ines
V of
|nue
lu;4h
id a
land
as a
sou

Daniel Mac fie.

The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of one of Lon-
don's representative citizens — a man of recognized worth wherever
known, and whose present substantial position in life has been reached
entirely through his own perseverance. The facts connected with his
operations, therefore, and their results, show what a person of determi-
nation and good judgment can accomjilish. He was born on the
Island of P>iite, Frith of Clyde, West of Scotland, October 10, 1.S19;
son of Daniel and Isabel Macfie, nee Campbell, also of Scotch nativity.
The former was a cooper by trade, and devoted himself to tliat calling.
Daniel, the eighth child and sixtii son in the fiimily of ten children,
was reared in his native place, and in early life commenced working in
a cotton factory. U])on attaiinng his eighteenth year he went to Glas-
gow and entered a haberdasher warehouse, where he remained for three
years, but learning of an advance advertisement of Peter Buchanan
& Co., of that city, for a competent person to go to Canada in the cai)a-

900

HISTOKY OF THE

city of salesman, he made application for the position, and subseqiKintly
entered into an arrangement for throe years, whereby his expenses to
Canada and salary were given him. In 1841 he arrived in Toronto,
where he had the clioice of three positions — one in Toronto, one in
Kingston, and one in St. Thomas. Isaac lUichanan was then elected
a member of the first Parliament of the united Provinces of Quebec
and Ontario, and Peter Buchanan was his brother. Upon reacliincr
Toronto, he presented himself to Isaac Buchanan, and was advised by
him to enter the business of John ]\IcKay, at St. Thomas. In goiin'
thence he passed through London for the first time— this was in 1841.
When his three years' engagement expired, he returned to London,
where lie has remained ever since, and lias proven of no little benefit
to the interests of the community.

In 1849 he embarked in business for himself on the corner of
Duiidas and Talbot streets, and for nineteen years conducted a sub-
stantial trade at that place. In 18GU he was elected to represent his
ward in the City Council ; and, as one of the city's oilicials, accomiianied
His Itoyal Highness the Prince of Wales to Saniia, when he was on
a visit to this Province. In ISiJl, Mr. Macfie was elected by the
Council as Chairman of the Finance Committee, and for five years
acceptably dischargeil the duties of that position. In the vcar LsGG
he removed to London South. In 18t)7 he became a candidate for a
seat in Parliament as a Liberal, in opposition to the then member, Mr.
Crowell Willson, and made a higlily complimentary contest, being
defeated by but a small vote in a very Conservative constituency. In
1871 he assisted in establishing the Dominion Savings and Investment
Society, of London, and he was made its first President, continuing as
such about nine or ten years ; and upon retiring from this position lie
left it in a most prosperous condition, the stock being at 25 per cent, pre-
mium. In 1 885 his well-known qualifications for the position led to his
election as President of the Carling Brewing and Malting Company,
and in this capacity he proved himself to be the right man in the rii»lit
})lace, furthei' adding to his reputation as a careful and successful
financier and business man. In 1845, Mr. Macfie was married to Miss
Jean McKay, sister of the late John McKay, Registrar of the County
of Elgin. She was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. To them were
born three children, one son and two daughters. The latter are
deceased. The .son, l{t)bert Macfie, is a prominent wholesale dealer in
hats, caps and furs, and is recognized as one of l,ondou's enterprising
business men.

James Walker Macfie.

James Walker Macfie, one of the highly respected citizens of
Ekfrid Township, was born near where he now lives, Feb. 12, 184.);
son of Charles and Ann (Walker) Macfie, both natives of Scotland.

TJie father

native con

TJie family

Concession

'" 1H4(J, an

I'lesbyteriai

two years.

ever knowr

preceded liii

James Wall

agi'iciiltural j

tliis, healso

■md is now o

is tlie owner

1^72, and wh

was united in

Jianie was Ms

'^laitland. M

1-^. 1«48, and

f'f four cliildre

and Archie W

^^ is an enter

I'lesbyterian L

and an amiable

1'liomas M

London, Ont., v

peorge and Ja

immigrated to (

su'lject attended

menced workint

ocoiiiotive, and

I'e was jiromotec

wliieli lie retaint

I'^S'J- lieginni,

passed tlirougli

Merits the high (

Hattie was niarri

I 'ey have five c

J^''- McHattie is

^rotheriiood of I

. John D. McI
J'Ondon, Ontario.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

907

equently
pensi's to
, 'rovouto,
to, one in
3U elocted
){ Quebec
L reiicliing
idvised V)y
In '^oiiig
xs iu 1841.
to TiOUtlon,
Lttle benefit

3 corner of
•ted a siib-
•epresent his
icconipanied
11 be was on
cted by t\ie
or five years
he year 1^66
indidate for a
member, Mr.
:ontest, being
itituency. ^"
id Investment
continning as
lis position be
> per cent, pre-
dion led to bis
in<' Company,
xTi^in tlie rigiit
ind successful
larried to Mis3
of tbe County
To tbem were
|:be latter are
[esale dealer m
li's eutcrprisnig

Led citizens of

|eb. 12, ^f'\>
leg of Scotland.

The father was born December 14, 1810, and was married in his
native country to Miss Walker, who was born Jauu.ary 11, 1812.
The family came to Canada iu 1844, and settled on Lot 13, Second
Concession of Ekfrid Township, where the father commenced teacliing
in 1(S4(J, and continued this occupation until 1852. He was a leading
Presbyterian, and was a Sabbath School sujierintendent for forty-
two years. He was a most estimable man, and Avas respected wher-
ever known. He died May 9, 1888, and his faithful companion
preceded him to the grave April 16 of the same year. Their son,
James Walker Macfie, received a fair education, and has followed
agricultural jiursuits the principal part of his life. In connection with
tliis, he also for a number of years was engaged in the dairy business,
and is now one of the stockholders of the Appin Cheese Factory. He
is tlie owner of a valuable farm of 220 acres, which he purchased in
1872, and which is situated near the village of Apjiin. The same year he
was united in marriage to Airs. Jane Ann McGregor, whose maiden
name was Maitland, daughter of John Richard and Mary (Walker)
.Maitland. Miss Maitland was born in Leeds County, Out., August
14, 1848, and by her marriage to Mr. Macfie she became the motlier
of four children — Charles Maitland, John Walker, Mary Ann Maude,
and Archie William. Politically, Mr. Macfie is a pronounced Reformer.
He is an enterprising man, a popular citizen, and is a member of the
Presbyterian Church. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church,
and an amiable, intelligent woman.

Thomas McHattie.

Thomas McHattie, locomotive foreman, Grand Trunk Railway,
London, Ont., was born in Scotland, August 8, 1854. He is a son of
George and Jane (Grant) McHattie, also natives of Scotland, who
immigrated to Canada in October, 1854, and settled in Hamilton. Our
subject attended school until about sixteen years of age, and then com-
menced working in the round-house. He next engaged in firing on a
locomotive, and afterwards was given charge of an engine. In 188&
he was promoted to the position of locomotive foreman at Palmertson,
wliich he retained until appointed to his present position at London in
LS89. Beginning at the lowest round in the ladder, he has successfully
passed through various promotions witli much credit, and he well
merits the high compliment paid him in his last promotion. Mr. Mc-
Hattie was married in 1878 to Miss Margaret McFarlane, of Hamilton.
They have five children — Charles, George, Walter, Margaret, and John.
Mr. McHattie is a member of the Masonic Order, I. O. 0. F., and
Brotherliood of Locomotive Engineers.

John D. McIlwain.

John D. McIlwain, superintendent of Grand Trunk Car Shops,
London, Ontario, is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio ; was born

908

HISTORY OF THK

December 11, 1842. His parents, John and Sarah (Dixon) Mcllwain,
were buth natives of I'ennsylvania. He was reared and received his
education in Cleveland, Oliio. Evincing an aptitude for railroad work,
when lie had attained a suitable afi;e, he commenced the ])ractical ])art
of his education to fit him for the ealling to wliich he has since given
his attention. In the late American Civil War lie took an active part,
and served three years in the Federal Army. After leaving the army
he returned to his previous avocation at Cleveland, Ohio, where he
S])ent a number of years ; was also for some tinu) at Jetfersonville,
Ind.. and was one year in Texas. All these years were spent in con-
nection with his chosen occupation. In 18S1 he was called to a posi-
tion in Columbus, Ohio, as superintendent of a car manufacturing
works. In 1882 he became connected with the Orand Trunk Kail-
road. Mr. Mcllwain is a man of large exjierience, especially as a
railroad mechanical engineer, for one of his years, which is evinced by
the important position he is now filling. He is a man of energy and
push, and this, together with his ])leasant, agreeable maimer, makes
him ])opular with all with whom he comes in contact.

Feter Paul McKellar.

Peter Paul McKellar, a skillful and successful blacksmith of
Middlesex County, Out., was born in Lobo Townshij), on the ITtii of
August, 1840, his parents, Peter and Mary (Paul) ]\lcKellar, being
natives of Argyleshire, Scotland. Peter Paul ^IcKellar is one of tiieir
nine children, and was reared on a farm in Lobo Township, where he
also learned the occu]iation of blacksmithing, becoming well versed in
all the details of the business, and has followed this occupation with
fair success up to the present time. He has been seven years a
volunteer, and previous to 1866 and part of 1875 he served six
months in baiTacks and frontier duty. In the year 1866 he was
united in the bonds of niiiM'imony to Miss Mary Graham, by whom he
has become the father of ave children, whose names are as follows: —
Argus Peter, ^lalcomb A., Mary Catherine, Archibald D. and William
J. Mr. McKellar is highly e.steemed by all who know him, and is
ever ready to assist all worthy enterprises with both nuiney and influ-
ence. He has shown bis brotherly spirit by becoming a member of
the Oranye order.

kl^^

A. McKellar.

Among the representative and energetic business men of Glencoo
is the one of whom this notice is given, and who is one of the leading
merchants of the place. Mr. McKellar is a native of j\Iiddlesex
County, having been born in Mosa Township, July 14, 1850, His

^fe

;ll\vain,
ivcd his
1(1 woi'k,
ical part
CO given
ive l>avt,
he army
wlu've he
rsoiiville,
it in con-
to a ])osi-
\factnvin<,'
nnk llail-
jially as a
vinced hy
lU'i'f^y and
lev, makes

cksinith of
fho 17th of
Uav, iH'ing
n\ii of their
Nvliere he
versed in
ation with
en years a
served six
166 he was
whom he
follows :—
md William
lim, and is
and influ-
inember of

of Glencoc

the leading

If Mitldlesex

1850. His

BY THE HIYER.

jiaronts, Mai

(if Argylcsli:

Township, h

A. McKellar

tliL' farm unt

lift' experionc

montioned ap

I>onaId Mel';

estiililished lii

in tlie villagi

room for his ]

fine double br

halls of the J

of which he is

Isabella McFa

two daughters.

ant of one of t

McFarlatie, sei

llrs. McKellar

high esteem by

T>. G. Mad

native of Londo

is a son of Duiu

Inverness, Hcotl;

ami served until

family to Cauadi

journey thither.

got a free grant c

"mher. He was

of the inhabitan

give up 600 acre;

to reside on his '

yeai'. His wife ci

'^velve children

Isabella (wife of

Hoar, of Strathrov

"le County of Lai

'flwi schools, and i

!^'^, was engagec

Hyde Park, Londo

yas united in mar;

John Hoar, of Ade

George and Agues

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

ini

parents, Malcolm and Catharine (Leitch) McKellar, were worthy people
of Argyleshirc, Scotland, and are known as pioneer settlers of Mosa
Township, having immigrated there prior to their marriage. Their son,
A. McKellar, remained with his parents and assisted in the dnties on
the farm nntil he had attained his eighteenth year. He had early in
life experienced a fondness for mercantile pursnits, and at the afore-
mentioned age he came to Glencoe and began clerking in the store of
Donald Mcltae, with whom he remained fonr years. In 1<S73 he
established himself in business, and now has the largest grocery trade
in the village. The same year, being in immediate need of more
room for his large and constantly increasing business, he erected the
fine double brick store occupied by himself below, with the assembly
halls of the A. (). U. W., the I. O. F. and the L. 0. Lodges above, of all
of which he is a member. In I87o he was united in marriage to Miss
Isabella McFarlane, aiid their union has been blessed by six sons and
two daughters. Mrs. McKellar is a native of Glencoe and a descend-
ant of one of the pioneer families of this region. Her father, Donald
McFarlane, served as the first assessor of Ekfrid Township. Mr. and
Mrs. McKellar worship at the Presbyterian Church, and are held in
high esteem by all who know them.

B. G. Mackenzie,

J). G. Mackenzie, Clerk of the County of Middlesex, Out., is a
native of London Township, born on the 28th of December, 18:!."., and
is a son of Duncan and JMargaret (Bartley) ]\Iackenzie, both natives of
Inverness, Scotland. The father joined the array when quite young,
and served until the battle of Waterloo, and in 1817 came with his
family to Canada, their first child (Ann by name) being born on their
journey thither. They located in London Township, where the father
got a free grant of 800 acres of land, which was heavily covered with
timber. He was the first permanent settler of the township, the rest
of the inhabitants being Indians. He was afterwards compelled to
give up 600 acres of his land to the incoming settlers, but continued
to re,side on his 200-acre farm until his death in 1870, in his 88th
year. His wife died two years later, in her 84th year. Five of their
twelve children are living — Mary (wife of Alexander Macdonald),
Isabella (wife of the late Alexander Patterson), Sarah (wife of Dr.
Hoar, of Strathroy), D. G., and John A., (who is now County -fudge of
tlie County of Lambton). D. G. Mackenzie was educated in the com-
mon schools, and up to the time of his election to his present office, in
1873, was engaged in tillinc the soil. He still resides on the farm at
ayde Park, London Township, where he owns the old homestead. He
Was united in marriage, in 1868, to Miss Mary J. Hoar, a daughter of
John Hoar, of Adelaide, Ont., by whom he has three children — Annie,
George and Agues. Air. and Mrs. Mackenzie are members of the

1)12

HISTOKY OF THE

Presbyterian Churcli, and he holds a captain's C(iininissiou in the
Sedentary Militia.

DONALD Mckenzie.

Donald McKenzie, boot and shoe dealer, and one of tlie oldest
residents of rarkhill, was born in Nortli Uist, Inverness-shire, Scotland,
in 183(3, and is a son of Alexander and Janet (McKarry) McKeiizie,
who immigrated to Canada in 1849, and imme<liately located in Mc-
Gillivray Township, Middlesex County, where they passed the re-
mainder of their lives. The father died at the advanced age of U."),
and the mother was 75 years old at the time of her death. Mr. Mc-
Kenzie was a member of a sturdy Scotch family, and was of great
assistance in the upbuilding of the country in which he lived. Of a
family of eight children, Donald McKenzie is the seventh, and at the
age of sixteen he betran to serve an apprenticeshij) at the shoemaker's
trade, working at tiie bench in London, Ont. After comi)leting his
trade he established himself in business at Nairn, where he remained
fourteen years, at the expiration of which time he removed his busi-
ness to Parkhill, where he has the largest stock of boots and shoes
outside of London, in the county. .June ID, lSiV2, he married ]\Iiss
Sarah McDonald, a native of Scotland, who came to Canada al)out
18") I. Mrs. McKenzie has borne tive .sons and one daughter, uf wlioni
all are living save one son. January 29, 1888, Mr. McKenzie was
half a century old. Himself and family belong to the rresV)ytt;rian
Church, in which he is an elder. He is a niend)er of the I. O. 0. F.,
being a member of Ivy Lodge, No. 90, and is also a member of the
Blue Lodge in Masonry.

Dr. a. MacLaren.

Dr. A. MacLaren began the practice of medicine in Delaware in
April, 187:!. He is a graduate of Trinity Medical School, Toronto, and
a Canadian by birth. He has established a large and lucrative prac-
tice, and is deservedly a very popular man.

James and John IJcMartin.

James and John ]\IcMartin, proprietors of the City Hotel, London,
are the sous of Peter McMartin, a native of the town of (Jornwali,
County of Glengary, Canada, whose ancestors resided in the Highlands
of Scotland. Their mother was formerly ]\Iiss Lucy liandall, of Cale-
donia, whose uncle, during the Rebellion of 1837, was obliged to leave
the country for a time, owing to the character of his utterances in his

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

•»13

newspniwr, wliich ho thoTJ edited at Hiimilton. Peter McMartiii came
to London in 183'.t, and at first secured a |iosition as dry j^'ocids clerk ;
but later engaged in that Imsiiuiss for himself, though lie suhseiiuently
met with sevcu'e reverses from having endorsed the paper of friends
who failed in business. Succeeding this, he moved into London Town-
ship, near the city, where he conducted an hotel for several years, at the
exjjii ition of which time he returned to London and soon took charge
of the City Hotel, which he conducted successfully until his death,
wliich occurred in l.STi). His widow still survives him, and resides on
her farm near the city. He left the following children: — Lizzie (wife
of George McNab), James, John, Etta, Kobert, Duncan, Aggie (wife of
Daniel Ihirn), George, ('lara and Kdward. After the death of the
father, the hotel was conducted in the interests of the mother by James
and John until the exjuration of the lease, when they purchased the
jiroperty, an<l have since conducted it in a highly creditable manner.
There is no better hotel in the Dominion at the price, and the success
witli which the brothers have managed it amply testihes to their fit-
ness for the business. The house has a large, paying and permanent
pitronage.

John Mcpherson.

John ^IcPherson, one of the leading agriculturists of Lobo Town-
shij), is nicely located in a fine brick residence one mile north of Pop-
lar Hill Village. He was born in this Township, Oct. 31, 1844, and is
the son of Alexander and Mary (Zavitz) McPherson. The mother was
the first white child born north of l>ear Creek. Alexander McPherson
was but fifteen years old when he came to Canada from Scotland with
his father, Hugh McPherson, who was one of the first settlers of Lobo
Township. Alexander McPherson was a successful farmer, and by his
industry and good management liecarae the owner of 300 acres of the
very best land in the county. He reared an interesting family of five
children, and died in LSGT, his life's companion having departed this life
fourteen years prior to his death. Their son, John McPherson, attained
his growth in his native county, and in 1870 was united in marriage
to Miss Ellen ^loore, of East Williams, and the daughter of Dugal and
■leanette ^loore, both of whom were natives of Scotland and pioneers
of Middlesex County. The first land bought by the subject of this
sketch was 100 acres on Concession 10, Lot 1, which was owned
originally by Ids grandfather. He received from his father's estate the
farm on which he is so nicely located, and to this he has added 100
acres in Lot 5, Coiice.ssion 10. Mr. ^McPherson is one of the leading
farmers of Lobo Townshij), and, indeed, of Middlesex County. His
well-kejit fiirm and the quality of his iiroducts attest his ability as a
true tiller of the soil, He has been a delegate from West Middlesex
to the Western Fair and Provincial Exhibition ; is at present Justice

914

mSTOUY OK TlIK

of the IVaci', ami has ht'cii Townshi]! Auililor fur thirtwii y^'Hi's in
suoctissidii. IIc) is Diicctor (if thu West MuUlk'.'st'x AHriculliinil
Society, uiul suvvwl as its I'l't'sideiit for oiiu year. IJoth lie ami his
estimabU) laily are ineiiihers of tlie Baptist Ciiiirch,aii<l are the parents
(if three children — Minnie, who is an accoiuplished nuisiciun and artist;
Kmniaaml William A. I'olitically, Mr. Md'herson is a Iti^fornier, and
ail active advocate of the jirinciples of his [airty. Ho is a nieniljcr (if
the Canadian Order of Foresters, and is hiylily respecteil and estuuiiied
by all who know him.

DUGALD UcPHERSON.

Dugakl McPherson, one of the largest land-holders of Middlesu.x
County, is of Scotch descent, his ancestors being members of the Chm
McPherson of the Scottish Highlands. The great-grandfather moved
from County Inverness, the original home of the Mcl'liers(jns, and
settled in Argyleshire, Scotland, where he married a Miss Mary Camp-
bell. Their son, Hugh ^fcPherson, was there born and s]ient his life,
his occupation being that of a shepherd in the sca'vico of J(jhn Canip-
bell, of Lochead, He was married to Jeanette McXabb, Diinam Mc-
Pherson being one of their children. The latter was born n(nu' Loch
Giljiherd, in 17'.I2, and was also a shepherd by occupation, and after
reaching manhood was married to Mary Ulack, a daughter of Archibidd
and Sarah (Lamond) lilack, by whom he became the father of eight
children — Archibald, Catherine, Hugh, John, Donald, Malcolm, Dugakl
and Ann.

In 1847, Mr. McPherson immigrated with his family to Caiuulii,
settling in Westminster Township, Middlesex County, on a farm of
20*^1 acres, a portion of which was cleared, and from time to time con-
tinued to add to his land, until he became the owner of till) acres of
valuable land, purchasing the Labatt property, which adjoined his
farm, in liS4.S. He also dealt largely in cattle, and being very indus-
trious and a shrewd business manager, he became a wealthy citizen.
Ho and wife were members of the Scotch Presbyt(!rian Church, lio
being an elder in the same for fifty years, and was one of the founders
of that church in Westminster Township. He was a thorough Scotdi-
man, a man of fine character, beloved and respected by all who knew
him, and was exceptionally intelligent and well-informed. His son
Dugald, the subject of this biography, was born in Argyleshire, Scot-
laud, in 1828, and was a young man, twenty years of age, when lie
came to Canada. He assisted his father in building up their lionie, autl
was married about liS.lS to Miss IJarbara Buchanan, a daughter of
William and Mary (Sinclair) Buchanan, who were also early settlers
of the township, from Argyleshire, Scotland. Ten children were bom
to the union of Mr. and Mrs. McPherson, their names being : — Wiilium,
Mary (who died at the age of twenty), Kate, Duncan, Malcolm, Mimi,

COUNTY OK MIDDI.KSKX. 915

Louie Boll, Ada F., Nuniian A. and 1 hjiij^'lass. After their marria^'e,
Mr. and Mrs. Mcriicrson st'ttled on tliu old honiostoad, where they
liiive since lived, an<l now own 400 acres of lino fanning' laml, Mr. Mc-
riicrso!! beinf:f one of the rejiresentative farmers of the county. Ho is
iiii extensive rai.ser rnd dealer in cattle, and is well known thronj^hout
till' county. He and wife are members of the Scotch I'reshyterian
Church, and ho has held tlio office of Townshiji Auditor for many
years, and is Ensi;,Mi in the County Militia. Ho h is always taken a
dee]* interest in the cause of education, having been Scho(d Trustee for
mail}- years, and throujjhout his walk through life he has been a
worthy roiirosentative of the sturdy racj of jieople from which he
.sprung.

George J. Mahler.

George J. Mahler, a jjrosporous, onterpri.sing farmer of Delaware
Township, and a first-class carjjenter and builder by trade, was born in
Alsace, when a part of France, October 7, 1.S.S4, and is the .son of Jacob
and Margaret (Martin) Mahler. In \S^>'2, George J. left the home
roof and immigrated to Anu'rica, where he spent some time in travelling
over the country. In 1866 he came to Canada, found his way to
Middlesex County, and lociited in Dtdaware Township. He had
learned the carpenter and builder's trade in his native country, and
followed the same for some time after coming to Canada. He then
purchased a fine farm one and a-half miles from the Village of Dela-
ware, where he located, and where he is now living. In 1857 he
chose for his comi)auion in life Miss Margaret Buntner, a native of
Gennany, who came to Canada with her parents when but a child.
Thi.s union was blessed by the birth of nine children, seven sons and
two daughters. ]\Ir. ^lahler is a Conservative in his political opinions,
is a member of the Lutheran Church, and is a member of the Ancient
Order of United Workmen.

GEORGE T. Mann.

George 1. Mann is a member of John Mann & Sons, dealers in
coal, coke, wood, cement, fire brick, fire clay, calcined plaster, etc.,
London, Ontario. One of the remarkable and distinguished character-
istics of our western civilization is the number and prominence of
comparatively young men in professional, otlicial and business life —
men who in older sections and under other conditions would be but
entering upon the threshold of active life, are here found in the full
meridian of success and usefulness. The pluck so necessary to success
in any calling seems to be pecidiarly a distinction of the young men of
this western country, and hence we find them well to the front in

916

IIISTOllY OF THE

every avocation of life ; and among those who have thus won in hfe's
battles and attained to a well-merited position among the business men
of London, is the subject of this sketch. John Mann, the father of
George T., was born in Yorkshire, England, and reared there. He
married Miss Harriet Elliott, a native of the same place. In 18(i6 lie
immigrated with his family to Canada, and, after a short stay in London,
settled Ml Ih'antford, where he has since made his home. For several
years he was connected with the gas interests of the city, as lessee,
and Ml 1870 he engaged in the coal and wood trade, in addition to
which he has transacted a large lumber business. In ISSo his two
sons, "William E. and George T. became interested with him in the
business, and this relation existed until the death of the former in July,
188G.

In April, 1886, the business in London was established, and it has
since been under tiie management of George T., who is assisted by his
brother Walter. From the first inception of the business it has l)een
a success and of rapid growth, and is equiil to, if not <i;reater than, any
.similar enterprise in the city, which fact is largely due to the method-
ical business habits and honorable dealings of the firm. Their (jriginal
facilities for doing business on IJathurst street have been augmented by
the purchase of the premises formerly occupied by the North American
Manufacturing Company, corner of York and Jjiirwell streets, and ex-
tending back to the Grand Vruiik llailroad, with a double siding on
the Grand Trunk front. On this pro])erty is being constructed a coal
trestle, or elevator, with a capacity of 1,500 tons of coal, all of which
is handled l:)y machinery, and this is the only yard in Western Ontario
thus cqnii)ped. The firm numbers among it important ])atrous, besides
many others, the Loudon Insane xVsylum, City Gas Works, Carling
]5rewing Company, City Hall, City Hospital, Water-works and the
Mil'' —V School. George T. Mann, the manager of the business in the
city, j born in Yorkshire, England, September oO, 1.SG2, and came
with his parents to Canada. He was reared principally in Ih-aiitford,
receiving a good business education, and commenced liis business
training under the guidance of his father ; and the success that has
attended bis career is highly creditable to his standing as a business
man and a citizen. He was married in 1887 to Miss Minnie, daughter-
of John McGeary, grocer, of ISrantford. The business in r.iantfdrd is
conducted by the father, who has associated with him his sons John K.
and Fred.

Mark Mann.

Mark Mann, another of the old settlers of Adelaide Township, and
an excellent citizen, was born in County Sussex, England, about lurty
miles from London, June 11, LSI'.' ; being the son of Samuel and An.i
(Downer) Mann, natives of County Sussex, England, the former boru

in 1782, am

settled in C(

laide Towns

way to Ontn

son, Mark :A

pal occu])ati(

east half of

from this, he

jioration limi

citizen. In

of Charles 1

Xovember 2:

to Canada in

A'as a drumn

were boi'ii tli

Charles, bon:

Cynthia Ann,

born l<S5(i ; \

born 1804; ai

is a Ee former

Churcli.

Jacob J. ]\
of a ]irominen
Ireland, and a
county lie locn
Wanning, the
was a farmer 1
11 Loyalist, ei
where he and
iissistance the
Here the fathe
Manning) rem
^"1 21 It) acres o
f'l'iiily still res
by whom he b
■John, Harry, A
Sal)rina. Mr.
of the first sett
seventy-seven
Jacob J. M
^vas born near
fiitlier's farm i
i'aleii, which u

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

917

in 17S2, and the latter in 1783. They immigrated to Canada in ISSG,
settled in County Middlesex, and in the fall of ISoG moved to Aile-
laide Township. The father died in Montreal in I8.1G, while on his
way to Ontario from England, and tlie mother died in 18411. Their
sun, Mark ^lann, was reared to farm life, anil this has heen his jirinci-
])al occupation. In 1844 he settled on his present farm, Concession 5,
cast half of Lot 14, anil has 100 acres of well-improved land. Aside
from this, he owns a valuable farm of 100 acres just outside the cor-
poration limits of Petrolea. He is a successful farmer and an excellent
citizen. In 1841 he cho.se for his wife, Miss Sophia lia]iley, daughter
of Charles Kapley, and a, native of Sussex ("ounty, Kngland, bom
November 22, 1.S21. Charles Ea])ley died in 1862. Her father came
to Canada in 1832, and was one of the pioneers of the township. He
vas a drummer in the liebelliou of 18.")7. To .Mr. and ^Irs. Mann
were horn the.se children: — John II., born 1842; Henry, born 1.S44;
Charles, born l.S4('i, and died in LS.SC) ; ]\Ialinda Jane, born 184!) ;
('ynthia Ann, born 1851 ; Frances Elizabeth, born 1854 ; Sarah So]iliia,
born 185G ; Wesley, born 1859 ; Jessie !>., born 1S()2 ; David Wallace,
born 18()4; and Alice Maud, born liS67, and died in 1S72. Mr. .Mann
is a Reformer in politics, and is a member of the Canada Methodist
Church.

Jacob J. Manning.

«i, aii'l

iuvty

II An.i

lldVIi

Jacob J. Manning is of Irish-German lineage, and is a descendant
of a ]irominent old family, the founder in Ame'-'oa being a native of
Ireland, and a pioneer settler in I )utchess County, New York, in which
county he located many years before the llevolutionary war. Jacob
-Manning, the grandfather of our subject, was born in York State, and
was a former by occu])ation, and during the American Eevolutiou was
a Loyalist, emigrating a few years after tliat struggle to Canada,
where he and his three sons each were given 200 i.cres of land for the
assistance they rendered the liritish Government during that war.
Here the father died, and, in 1833, his son Isaac (farher of Jacob J.
Manning) removed with his family to Westminster Township, settled
oil 200 acres of land on the Fourth Concession, where members of the
family still reside. He was married in 1794 to Miss Sarah Willsey,
by wiiom he became the fatlier of the following family: — Kacob J.,
•lohu, Harry, Al])ha, Willsey, Isaac, Polly, Matilda, Evis, Eleanor, and
Sabrina. Mr. Manning was a member of the Methodist Church, one
of the first .settlers of Westminster Townshiji, and died at the age of
seventy-seven years.

Jacob J. Manning, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch,
was liorn near House's Point, N. Y., in 1 795, but was reared on his
father's farm in Canada, marrying, after a suitable age, P^lizabeth
I'alen, which union resulteil in tlie birth 0'' eight children — Henrietta,

918

IIISTOUY OF THE

Lawrence, Lucetta, William, Kachel, Sally A., John G., aud Alniina.
Mr. Manning was a]Ji)ointed Lieutenant in the ]MiIitia, and rose to the
rank of Captain, and afterwards be<,'an filling the duties of Maciistvate.
He owned a farm, and, about IS.'S-i, emijirated to ^Middlesex Cuuntv,
and settled on the Sixth Concession of Westminster Township, where
he cleared a farm of 200 acres. He was ap] jointed ^Lxgistrate soon
after coming to this county, wliich ollice he is still filling, aud became
Captain of the ]\Iilitia, being afterwards a])))ointed to the rank of
Colonel, an oftice lie filled until old age compelled him to resign. He
has been a church member for more than sixty years, aud throughout
bis long and useful walk through life has commanded the respect and
esteem of all who knew him. iJuring his early career he kejjt a store
for fourteen years, where Belmont now stands, which enterprise was
attended with gooil succt.^^s, and although at the present time he has
reached tiie advanced age of ninety-three years, he is still active, and
retains his mental faculties to a remarkable degree. His son, Lawrence
i\Janning, was born in Heury.sburg, Canada, ISIM, and was in his six-
teenth year when he came to Westminster Town.ship, where he assisted
his father to clear their farm and get it in good tillable condition. He
was married to Miss Hannah Duucaw, a daughter of Joseph Duucaw,
sen., by whom he Ijecame the father of one son, who grew to manhood
— Jacob J. The family attend the ^lethoilist Church, and are classed
among the prosperous, highly houoi'ed, and progressive citizens of the
county.

Jacob J. Majniing, his son, is a man of forty-three years, and was
born on the old homesteail in .Middlesex County. He received a com-
mon school education, and was wedded to Miss Rebecca A. ]\IcKniglit,
a daughter of Thonuis ami ]\Iargaret (liorland) Mclvnight, which union
was blessed with the birth of a daughter — E. Addie. Mr. Manning
has always been an industrious farmer. Neither he, his father, nor liis
grandfather was ever sued for any cause, being peaeealjle, law-abiding
citizens. There are four generations now living on the old honu^stead,
the fifth generation being Harry L. Collard, son of Mr. M. Collard, of
North Dorchester. Tliis instance forcibly illustrates the remarkable
longevity nf the stamich old pioneer family.

Henry Mathews on.

Among those at London who have made for themselves an honor-
able name l)y a long term of years of steady and successi'ul busi-
ness pursuits and uinight citizenship stands Henry Malhewsoii.
He is a native of Scotland, and was reared mainly at Dundee. lu
early life he learned the trade of baker and confectioner, at which
calling he .served a regular apprenticeship. In LS41 he came to
Canada, and upon his arrival was shipwrecked off the coast of New-
founilland, but reached the shore without injury. He first went to

^ _ Montreal, a

t' 1 here lie \m

out re])i'oac

and in 184j

continued t

engaged in

this busine.'

Coinj)any hi

position witl

and in 1 S82

TJ'c liaper i

National Po]

its jii'osperit^

Matliewson 1

a native of I

\vlioni only c

wife ]\Irs. An

lias presented

living— Maie

T. Herbert

tl'iniliiiiirr..? ff,)

Can;ida, and o
gressive bnsin
and his father,
to Canada whi
of Lnglaiid.

T. Herbert
18C4 he acce
he engaged ii
"ally adding t
''liignitnde. ° ^
Marsh pnrcha
coincidence is,
«s a clei'k of t'
u-.! when a bo\
departments, ;
'0 Halifax.
■j'lsiiiess have
age, and he w,
"ess man. A.
a'l'i takes an a<
member of the
making it a sue

III
1

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

910

Montreal, •where lie remained until 1842, when he came to London, and
here he has since resided, havinu; l)uilt up a name and an honor with-
out reproach. He engaged in his trade as a Ijaker and confectioner,
and in 1845 sulVoi'ed seriously from the great fire of that year. He
continued the business until ]85(), and subsequently with a partner
engaged in the manufacture of steam engines. After relinquishing
this business, he became connected with the Advertiser, with which
L'oni])any he remained for four or five years. In LSd? he acce]»ted a
position with the Free Pr<;st^ Printing (Jo.; in 1871 became a partner,
and in 1 882 was elected to his present position as Secretary-Treasurer.
The ])aper is an exjioncTit of the great Conservative principles of
National Policy, is a recognized leader of opinion and ow -.^ much of
its prosperity to the business qualifications of Mr. IMathewsou. ]\Ir.
Mathewsou has been twice married — first in 1844 to Miss Ann Smith,
a native of England, by whom he had three sons and one daughter, of
whom only one son, George, is now living. He selected for his second
wife Mrs. Annie Newcombe, whose maiden name was Lancaster, who
lias presented her husband with two children, oue daughter only now
hvini,'— Maie.

Herbert Harsh.

nor his

abiding

"Stead,

ard, of

irkable

honor-
ul busi-
ihi'wsoii.

ee. In
it which
came to
of New-

weut to

T. Herbert Marsh, wholesale dealer in saddlery hardware, coach
tvininiings, and manufacturer of leather goods, at London, is a native of
Canada, and one of London's prominent citizens as well as mo.st pro-
gressive business men. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario, in 184U,
and his father, Thomas W. Mar.sh, was a native of England, and came
to Canada while young. He married Miss Catherine Wyatt, a native
of England.

T. Herbert Marsh received a liberal education in his youth, and in
1864 he accepted a position in the Gore Bank, in London. Li 187'.'
he engaged in his present business, at first on a small scale, but grad-
ually adding to his capacity, until his business has assumed its present
magnitude. In 188.">, owing to the requirements of his trade, Mr.
Mar.'^h purchased his present commodious building, and a singular
coincidence is, that it is the same l)uilding in wliicli he was employed
as a clerk of the Gore Jjank, and he is to-day carrying the same keys he
ui.l wlien a boy in tlu; bank. His stock is full and complete in all the
departments, and his trade extends throughout the Province, and east
to Halifax. His straightforward and honorable methods of transacting
business have secured for him a large and continually increasing patron-
age, and he well merits the position he has attained as a reliable busi-
iie.'s man. As a citizen, ^[r. Marsh has proven himself progressive,
and takes an active interest in the advancement of the city. He is a
member of the Western Fair lioard, and has rendered valuable aid in
making it a success. In 188'J he was elected president of the London

920

HISTORY OF THE

Board of Trade, and ho is a director of the Agricultural Loan and

Savings J3auk.

James S. Marshall,

In jirufessional, agricultural or conunercial life, there are alwavs
some men -who attain prominence, and these men are, in nearly all
cases, intelligent and energetic. Such a man is James S. Marshall,
who was born in County llolton, Ajiril f), 1850, Ix'ing the fifth child
born to the marriage of James Marshall and Mary Lamb, wlm were
born in Paisley, Scotland, and Holton County, Ontario, resjiectively.
The father was a farmer by occupation, and when young immigrated to
Canada, where he was married to Miss Lnmb, a daughter of Hugli
Lamb, who was an early immigrant from Ireland. James S. Marshall
was reared on a farm in his native county, and followed the occujiation
of husbandry until, in company with his brother, he engaged in the
livery business in Milton. In 1875 he changed his place of residence
to London, where he purchiised his jiresent business, which he has
conducted with satisfactory success. His stable is v/ell kejit and is
consetiuuntly jiatronized by those who desin; good horses and stylish
and comfortable carriages. November IS, 1S84, he was united in
marriage to Miss Bessie Paindle, a native of the county, by whom he
has one daughter, Nina. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, being
a member of St. John's Lodge, No. l'09.

Captain Benjamin Matthews.

Cajitain Benjamin ^Matthews was born in (Glamorganshire, South
Wales, on the I'nd of February, 181l', and is a son of Philip and Mary
(Abraham) Matthews, also natives of South Wales. The father was a
veterinary surgeon, and was a son of William Matthews, who was a
gardenei' by occupation, and lived in his native country until his death,
which occurred in his ninetieth year. His son Be. jamin was a soldier
in the British army. In 1821 the Matthews family came to Canada,
taking passage at Bristol in the sailing vussel Fidelity, and laniknl at
(Quebec after a voyage of six weeks and tive days. On '.hen M'ay farther
into the interior, they stojiped at Little York (no-' Torontc i and went
to the Ciovernor-Oeneral's residence, where they made known their
wishes to him. He sent an order to Colonel Talbot, of London, to
grant ]\Ir. Philip Matthews 1.<S00 acres of land in any portion of
London Township he .saw lit. i'hilip .Alatthews located on Concession
IG, Lot 28, when; he began clearing a farm of 1(10 acres. He built a
log house in the fall, and in this they livetl for a number of years,
until he could make better improvements. xVil their trading was done
at Kettle Creek (now St. Thomas), and was oidy accomplished after an

absence of

wood with

number of

time, and

heing so d,

fear of bei

J'anfielda

of whom a

^jenjamin, a

^vhen he lai

liardshijis ai

(lays Were ii

siMpiently, hi

lion. His :

description, ]

'i"d game w

ti'aj) that has

t\vo young 1

wliich has nv.

'i'»v in his ol

"f' 18:!7, and

bravery wer*^

" His E\(

General of Jh

in-Chief in a

Brunswick an

S'lwe, etc., etc

"Tolienj.'

confidence in

constitute am

Second Batta

the said Batta

-Aliiitia of the .

thereupon can

by exercising ;

Jiattalion ; an.

Lit-'utenant, an

'hi'ections as

other of your :

" Given un

^^%, in the ve;
reign."

I'attalion, whic
f''-^- He an.
'he 12th of J
^vedtling. The

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

921

.Iwavs
rly all
ivsluiU,
1 child
3 wove
;tively.
•atcd to
r Hugh
[avshall
upation
, in the
isideuce
he has
; and is
\ stylish
mitod in
ivhoni he
ty, being

e, Sduth
nd ^lavy
lur was a
lo was a
lis death,
a soldiev
J Canada,
anded at
ly farther
and went
jwn their
.ondon, to
lortion of
Concession
le bnilt a
iif years,
was done
d after au

absence of several days, with ox teams. Tlioir waggons were made of
wood with sawed timber wheels, find continued to remain in use for a
number of years. Tliere were only two horses in the township at this
time, and wild animals roamed the woods at pleasin-e, the timber
being so dense that the family were afraid to go far from home for
fear of being lost. On this farm the parents died, and are buried at
l)anrield Cemetery. They were tlie ])arents of ten children, oidy five
of whom are living — Benjamin, Plnlip, lluth, ]\Iary and Catlierine.
F>L'njamin, whose name heails this sketch, was about ten years of age
wlien lie landed with his ])arents in Canada, and becanre inured to the
Iiardshijis and dangers of ]>ioneer life. The schools of his boyhood
(lays wore in a very primitive state, and were very few in number, con-
s('([ueutly, his educational advantages were of the most meagre descrij)-
tion. His remembrances of his boyhood days are of a very pleasant
description, however, as he was very fond of hunting and trapping,
and game was very abundant. He has now in his possession a wolf
trap that has caught twenty-nine of those animals, eight lynxes and
two young bear cubs. He has lead an active and adventurous life,
which has materially benefited his naturally strong constitution, so that
now in his old age In; is hale and hearty. He served in the Rebellion
(if 1S;!7, and the following extract will .show how his courage and
bnivery wer*^ rewarded : —

" His Hxcell. ncy, Sir Edmund Walker Head, Baronet, Governor-
General of British North America, and Captain- General and Governor-
iu-(Jhief in and all over the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and the Island of Prince Edward, and Vice Admiral of the
same, etc., etc., etc.

"To lienjamin Matthews, Gentleman, Greeting, — Reposing especial
confidence in your loyalty, courage and good conduct, I do hereby
constitute and ajipoint you during pleasure, to be Lieutenant in the
Second Battalion of AIid(Jlesex Militia, taking rank and precedence in
the said Battaliiin, from the I'Sth day of Februiuy, 18o(j, and in the
Militia of the Province from the 28th day of February, 1S.")6 ; you are
thereupon carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of Lieutenant
by exercising and well disciplining the inferior oflicers and men of said
Hattalion ; and I do herebv command them to obev von as their
Lieutenant, and you are to observe and follow all such orders and
directions as you shall from time to time receive from mo, or any
other of your superior officers, according to law.

" Given under my hand and office seal, at Toronto, this 27th day of
May, in the year of our Lord I80G, and the 19th year of Her IMajesty's
reign."

(hi ]\Iay 2nd, 1S56, he was promoted to Captain of the same
I'attalion, which shows that his services as Lieutenant were appreci-
ated. He and his venerable wife have hosts of warm friends, who on
the 12th of July, 188S, assisted them in celebrating their goldert
Wedding. Their marriage occurred in the Church of England at Stan-

922

IIISTOUY OF THE

ford, near Niagara Falls. They became the jiareiits of ton cliildron,
nine of whom are living — Eleanor (wife of John Scott), Joliii, Thomas,
Philip, Benjamin, David, IMary (widow of D. Douglass), William
and -lames L. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews are members of the KeL,'ular
Baptist Church, and during their long careen' as settlers of Loiiddu
Township have experienced many hardshijis, as well as seen mauv
prosperous and sunshiny days. Their declining days are blessed with
prosjjerity, and they are now enjoying the fruits of their long and well-
spent lives.

Robert Mav/hinney (Deceased).

Robert IMawhinney (deceased) was one of the prominent and
enterprising citizens of the county. He was born in County Armagh,
Ireland, October 25, 1829, and is the son of James Mawhinney, wlio
was a native of the same place and a farmer by occupation. The
mother's name was Martha llichard.son, she also of the same jilace as
subject. Their family consisted of six children, Eobert Mawhinney
being the second in order of birth. He was reared on a farm in
Ireland and came to Canada in 1848, settled in London and followeil
dill'erent occupations until June, lH')o, when he was appointed to the
police force, fdling that position for eighteen years. In 187."' he was
appointed caretaker of city buildings. Mr. !^Iawhinney was married
first to Mrs. Eliza (Carson) Loftus, who was a native of Ireland, and
who died in 181)8, leaving four children — Martha, James, Eliza Jane
and Sarah Ann. Mr. Mawhinney took for his second wife Miss
Henrietta Stejihens, a native of Middlesex County, ( 'anada, and the
fruit of this union was one child, ^largaret Henrietta. Mr. ^law-
hiuney was a member of the Canadian Order of Foi-jsters, and was an
honest and much respected citizen. He died on Septembers, 1 888,
bearing with him to the grave the universal respect of all his brother
men.

Orlow M. Maybee.

Orlow M. Maybee is one of the prominent residents of North
Dorchester. His ancestors were English. He was born in the State
of New York about the year 1(827 ; later his parents went to Michigan.
When about fifteen years of age he came to Delaware, Canada ; after
residing there about three years, he sjinut one year in study at Oberlin
Institute, Ohio; leaving that institution, he taught a school in Medina
County, that state. Eeturning to Delaware, he went into trade, keep-
ing a store for a time in that village. In 1848 he married Miss
Amelia Eliza Mount, daughter of the late II. Mount, Esq., who was for
years postmaster at Delaware, and Crown land agent. At his death.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

923

ill 1HM7, he rciu'eseiitcd thn County of Middlesex in the Canadian
I'uilianieiit. Hdoii after liis maniage, Mr. Maybeo went to Dorchester,
wliure he and his wife taught in S. S. No. 4. While in Dorcliester he
was townshij) elerk and license ins])ector for the township. In iNoO
he went to Lc^xiiigton, Mich. ; went into general trade. For a nuni-
her of years he was ]iostnia.ster, a magistrate, and the proprietor and
editor of the Sanilac Sigiuil, a wcsekly Democratic ])aper. Ujion T.in-
coln's election to the jnesidency, he went South, teaching in the Slate
of Arkansas. When the State seceded, he joined the Confederate
Army as a private. A few months later, for special services at tlie
liattle of Oak Hills, he was promoted to the rank of 1st Lieutenant,
At the Siege of Yicksburg he had reached the rank of Major, in com-
mand of a regiment. At the surrender of that place he made his
escape and rejoined the Confederate force at Canton, Miss. Here he
was promoted to the rank fif Colonel in the Adjutant-Generars depart-
ment, and ordered to Charleston, where he served as Assistant Adju-
tant-General on the staff of General Hardie. At the close of the war,
lie was at llichniond, Va. He participated in the battles of Oak Hills,
Pea llidge, Shiloli, The Siege of Vicksburg, and Charleston, and a
great number oi minor engagements. For a time after peace he was
engaged in a fruit store in Charleston. In LS6'.> he returned to Dor-
chester Station, and has since resided on his farm. He and his wife
are members of the (Jliurch of England. For a number of years he
bus served as cliurchwaiden. Has been a trustee and secretary-
treasurer for twelve consecutive years, and takes a general interest in
tlie cause of edvication. He is an occasional contributor to the city
press, and his paragraphs are generally read with interest.

F. W. MEEK.

F. W. Meek, druggist and pharmacist, and a representative of one
of the pioneer families, is a native of Port Stanley, Middlesex County,
Ontario ; born in 18.")o ; only child born to W. H. and Nancv (McCal-
luui) Meek, and of Scotch-Irish descent. The father was born in
Annagh, Ireland, in 1.S17, and the mother in Scotland, in 1828. The
i'iuiiily came to Canada as early as 1<S1S, and settled in Montreal for a
short time, after which they came to Middlesex County, settled about
tiiree miles from Port Stanley, in 1819, and were among the pioneers
of that region. James Meek, the paternal grandfather of F. W. Meek.
Wiis born in the year 1778, and died in this county, near Port Stanley,
in 1S,3.'!. W. H. Meek was Sergeant in the 1837 Rebellion, and was
in service during the entire time of that war. He was a contractor
and builder by occupation, which he continued until about ten years
ago. The family removed to Detroit in 1857, and there remained until
186:!, when they removed to Port Stanley, and, in LSUo, came to
^trathroy. F. W. Meek first attended the Public Schools of Detroit,

924

HISTORY OF THE

then a private school taught by a Mrs. Goodwin in Stratliroy, and
later was a student at the Stratlu'oy (Jrammar School. In 1S72 he
entered Toronto University, where for some time he passed special
studies, and from which institution he graduated in ]iharmacy, in
1S73. Three years later he began the drug business in Strathroy,
where, in liScSl, he ])urehased the bookstore of W. H. Kwer, and since
then has carried on a Joint drug and Ijook business. He has u woll-
stocked store, and is succeeding well. He is a member of tlie Inde-
]iendent Order of Oddfellows. No. 08, Howard Lodge, is a member of
the Masonic Lodge, Euclid, No. ;i(i(j, and is Liberal in his political
convictious.

ANDREW MEEKISON.

Andrew ^leekison, who was born in Scotland, February 14, 1836,
and who is now one of the successful and ]>opular men of Strathroy, is
the son of James and Jane (llodger) Mcekison, also natives of Scot-
land, born in 1769 and 1806, and died in 1844 and 18S6 respectively.
Their son, Andrew Meekison, was the eldest of two children and
received limited educational advantages, being compelled at the early
age of ten to make his own way in life. His fh-st effort was in a toljacco
manufacturing establLshmeut, where he labored for about two years,
and then for seveu years worked on a farm for wages. Li 1(S67 In;
immigrated to the United States, and for a short time lived at Najioleon,
Ohio, after which he came to Canada, settled at Windsor, where, for
twelve years, he was conductor on the Great Western Ifailway. In
181)7 he came to Strathroy, engaged in the grocery business, wholesale
and retail, which he has continued since, and in whicli he has been
<iuite successful. In I860 he married Miss Margaret McFie, who
was born in Scotland, in 1835, and to this marriage have been boiii
five children — Andrew, Mary, John, Jane and William. Mr. Meeki-
son is a reformer in his ])olitical views, and for one year was a member
of the Strathroy City Council. He has been a member of the Masonic
fraternity, l^rowl Lodge, No. 83, for five years, and is a wide-awake,
thorough-going citizen. He is a fair sample of what may be done by
perseverance and induistry ; having started with nothing, his success
must be attributed solely to his own energy and enterpri.se.

Hon. David Mills. LL.B.

Hon. David Mills, LL.B., M. P. for Bothwell and ex-Minister of
the Interior for Canada, is a son of Nathaniel and Mary (Guggorty)
Mills, and was born in the Township of Oxford, in the County of Kent,
Ontario, Mnrcli 18, 1831. Nathaniel IVIills removed to Nova Scotia at
an early duy, where he continued to reside until 1817, when he

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

925

Ister of

Kent,
cotia at
Let! lie

eiuiqrated to the western ])iirt of Upper Canada, and becanie a resident
of Talbot St., in the Towiisliip ot Oxford in l.Sl'.l, continuiiiij; to
make this ]ilace iiis lioine until his deatli in ISCO. His son David
attended tlie ])uhlic schools for some time, then becaiut; a student
under the ]irivate tutorship of tlie liev. Dr. Frey, sul«i'(iuently enter-
ing' the Micliijjtaii University, receivini,' from that institution tlie duj^ree
(if LL.1>. In ISoGlie was a])pointed Sui)erintendent of Schools for
the County of Kent, which oflice ho held nine year.s, and in LS()7 re-
ceived tlie unanimous nonuiuition of the Reform electors as candidate
for election to the House of Commons, and was returned to rarlianient
in Se])teml)er of that yeai'. He has represented Dothwell continuously
since that time. In 1872 he was requested l)y tlie {.Jovernnicnt of
Ontario toeiupure into and rejuirt upon the boundaries of Ontario. He
(lid so, and the report nuide by him contains a large rjuantity of valu-
able information relating to (.'olonial history and Imjierial jiolicy in
reference to the Government of the British Dominions in North
America. As there was otluu' valuable information to be ol)tained, he
was again re(iuested to look into the matter and prepare a second re-
port, which lie did in 187') and the early part of 187(). U])on the ap-
pointment of the Hon. D. Laird to the Governorship of the North-west
Territories, Mr. Mills was offered a jiortfolio in the Cabinet, and ac-
cejited that of the Interior, which ])osition he filled until October, 1878,
when h(; resigned with the Ministry. In 1 87"), Mr. Mills was elected
by tlie Public S(^hool Inspectors of the Province as their representative
on the Board of Public Instruction.

After the fall of the Mackenzie administration, 'Mr. ^lills concluded
to engage in the practice of law, for the duties of which he was
eminently fitted, iind for the past four years has been engaged in the
practice of that profession. He was also editorial writer on the London
Advertiser for a few years. In politics he is an advanced Liberal,
and favored the union of the provinces, but was wholly o[)[)osed to the
means by which it was brought about. He did not favor the ad-
mission of Britisli Columbia into the Canadian Confederacy at the
time it was admitted, for he thought it not to the interest of either
that such a union sliould exist while there was such a large amount of
unoccupied territory between. He thouglit the resources of the
country could be better employed by develo])ing the North-west than
by building a road which would always be witlniut transcontinental
traftic, and for a great jiart of the distance without local tratlic for
many years to com(;. He has always ijeen opposed to a nominated
Senate, which, he contends, o'iglit to have no place in their system of
government, and favors an amendment of tlie C'onstitution so as to
provide for the election of senators. He holds the economic doctrines
of Gladstone and Bright, and is in favor of a real, not a sham, national
policy, and favors a national policy Imsed ujxm principles of commer-
cial extension, not of commercial exclusion. He thinks Canada ought
to regulate and control her commercial relations with foreign states.

926

HISTOIiY OK TIIR

and is oiijiosed to hainliii^' over tlio Wdik of li'L'iblatioii to tlif ministry
as, lie uilirnis, is now (lone ut Ottawa. Hu is opiioscil to the imictico
of alulicatin;,' tliu duty of uffectivo .supervision over tlu; national ex-
penditures, and do(!s not re^'ard a lar^'c; puhlie debt as a national
lilessinj,'. ('an; and economy in the ex]ienditnre of pulili(; money, a
desire to do what is honest and fair on the part of the repre,sontativus
per.sonal independence and a sense of justice are, in his opinion, of
immeasurably "greater conse((Uence in iiromolini.^ the pnNpcrity of
Canada than by heavily ta.xiuL; the ]ieopIe, tlie enormous puiiiir; ddit,
and the erection of costly ])ublic works, built in uiiinhal»ited regions.

During his service as ^linLster of the Interior, he ]iroved himself
careful, capable and jiopidar, and there is no man in public life in
Canada to-day who has a wider and more accurate knowledge of jiulilic
allairs than he. He is one of the ablest I'arliamentary debaters in the
country, and ranks among the lirst, if he is not the first, in mastering
and representing a large (question. He is considered a tormidalilt:
opponent, and when he ri.ses to talk on any ([uestion in I'arliament, he
receives the ju'ompt attention of the entire house. He is the author
of a paniplilet treating of the "I'resent and Future I'rospecLs of
Canada," and, "The Blunders of the Hominion (lovernnient in (.'on-
iiection with the North-west Territory." He was married in Decem-
ber, ISOO, to Mi.ss M. .r. ]*>rown, of Chatham, by whom he is the father
of three sons and four daughters — one daughter being deceased.

John R. Minhinnick.

John R. Minhinnick, dealer in and refiner of oil, was lioru in
Devonshire, England, March 18, liS3.S,hi.s father being Henry Minhin-
nick, and his mother Hannah (IJowe) Minhinnick, botl' of whom were
born in the same j»lace. Jolin K. was reared in the home of his birth,
and at the age of nineteen years immigrated to Canada. He leiuiied the
trade of plumber and gas-fitter in his youth, and it was while follow-
ing his chosen occupation, in fitting np oil refineries, that he was led
to ent'af'e in the oil trade, and ho is one of the few who has contiiiut'd
this occupation up to the present time and has met with satisfactory
success. He has always taken great pains to perfect the ([uality of his
product, and has discovered a process by which they are enaljled to
place upon the market an oil that camiot be surjjassed, it being freed
from all unpleasant odor and will not smoke. [Full mention of his
business is given elsewhere in this work.] Mr. Minhinnick is a large
stockholder in the Imperial Oil Co., and is Vice-President of the Car-
ling Brewing & Malting Co. His career since coming to London is a
good illustration of the possibilities of the country for a young man of
jtluck and perseverance, and as a citi/en no less than a business man,
he ranks among the first of the county. He lias represented his Ward
several terms in the City Council, and was also selected as the suc-

ccssfir of

f'Mipletio

) <>'Dyno.s,

♦ •'<. and Kd

siirewd an

In in.se
^lio came i
l''"'''s persi
"p the You
the old vote
tlic subject
'a"<i. on the
Kev. John
'Mitchell. il
appienticed
Minster, Don
five years, tli
tnose days, U,
""■'id, and coi
tliast; day.s th,
without huvii
^Virhoiit ,
f"PIi(-'d as a
i"r .Sieira Lvi
f^h'. A sh
''-■ver, then pi',
at Freetown, t
'■™"very, he' ,
pa.s,seiiger. A
'["'" the yollo
Je place of i
"'"ess, by the (
^ m through
remaining at lii
("'•t'lfi Domini
'^'mcoe, Korfol
after arriving
^■■"Hilton, /n
^"'ee in the di'
' 7''<nipt stoc
'""',^>; execution
w./,'"s was f
^"cheli as a d:

COUNTY OK MIKIH.KSKX.

927

cossor of E. W. Tlynuvn (decoasod) as WatiT Connnissioiior tiiilil tin;
(•omplction of tlu) Works. He was iiiiiiTit'il in 1,S60 to .Miss Miiry
O'lJynos, iiiid by Iut is tlio fiitlicr of time ohildron — Gertruiln, TIeiiry
S. iind Kdwin Kowc, Mr. Miiiliiniiiok is ii Mii.soii, and is one of the
shrewd and successful financiers of the county.

B. A. MITCHELL

lidvu in

iliiiluii-
ii\i wt've

i-^ ^livth,
[vneil llie

t'oUdW-

w.is led
mtiiiued
it'actovy
.y of his
libk'd to
.1)14 freed
[u'^of his
a hiv'^e
the Cav-
[idou is ti^
man of
[ess man,
ais Ward
the suc-

*;■

V:-

it'

In in.sortiiif,' in this history the sketolies of (>niinent husines.s men
wlio came to the City of London years j,'one by, and wlio, l)y their
jihiek, perseverance, ener<»y and hone.st dealing, contributed to l)uildini,'
ii]i the Forest (.'ity, or London-the-Less, we cannot omit the name of
the old vet(!ran and ]iioneer druj,'gist, R A. Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell,
tlic subject of this sketch, was burn in Kin;L,'Sclere, Ifampshire, En;,'-
laiid, on the 13th of September, 1S24, being one of the i.ssue of the
Rev. John Mitchell, of tha Church of P^ngland, and Aim Ashford
Mitch(dl. After receiving a liberal edui'ation in England, he was
apfiieiiticed to one John Hnntly, a leading druggist of Wimbomo
Minster, Dorsetshire, England. After completing his term of service,
five years, the young druggist tonk a notion, as was the fashion iu
those days, to .see the world, he b(iing naturally of an ambitious turn of
mind, and ctmld not content himself to settle down in England, as in
tliose days there was little chance (jf making mon; than a bare living
without having cajiital.

Witiiout any means save his education, energy and jduck, he

.shi])ped as a sailor before the mast on a common timber shij) bound

f(ir Sierra Leone, on the coast of Africa, in 1842, and arrived there

safely. A short time after he landc.'d, he was prostrated with yellow

fuver, then prevalent in that locality, and was confined in the ho,spital

at Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, for six weeks or more. After

recovery, he embarked in a timber shij) for his native hoiiK^ as a

pas.seiiger. A short time aftcsr leaving the port, three of the crew died

from the yellow scourge, and Mr. Mitchell was compelled to again take

the place of a common sailor ; and, although weak fiom his reciuit

illness, by the exercise of his indomitable will and courage, was enabled

to oet through all right, and again land on his native shore. After

remaining at his home a few months to recr ate his health, ho .sailed

for the Dominion of Canada, via New Yoik, and went to the town of

Simcoe, Norfolk County, wdiere his brother resided. Mr. Mitchell,

after arriving in Canada, held res])onsiljle j)ositions in ])undas and

Hamilton. in 184li he came to London, where he has resided ever

since iu the drug business. He was commissioned to take charge of

a bankrupt stock belonging to T. Winer & Co., which he had taken

under execution from one Nowal.

j This was the connuencement of the successful career of Mr.

I Mitchell as a druggist, which he has continued and still continues. Mr.

I i)8

■>'iu

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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14S80

(716) 872-4503

Q^^

^9)

^ ,.. w

928

HISTORY OF THE

Mitchell when he commenced business in London on his own aocount
had no capital, except his business character for probity ami integrity,
a character he has retained to the present date. During the long time he
has been in business, both in the wholesale trade and retail, he has
never been served with any writ or creditor's papers whatever relatiii"
to suits for debt. For many years he did a large retail business.
About the year 1869 he opened up one of the largest wholesale dru"
establishments west of Toronto, an institution which still exists at the
present day, under the title of the London Drug Company (who pur-
chased the business from Mr. Mitchell in 1883), and enjoys a patron-
age second to none in Ontario, the trade and reputation of the house
being the fruits of the honest, square and straightforward dealings of
B. A. Mitchell, who laid the foundation and the prosperity and busi-
ness reputation of that establishment.

Mr. Mitchell still continues the retail drug business at the Old
Gothic Hall, which he erected shortly after he came to London, and is
the same genial, honorable and accommodating person that he always
was. He looks hale and hearty as ever, and enjoys a chat with his old
friends about his early struggles and ups and downs in life. Mr.
Mitchell is an heroic example of what determination, energy, honesty
and laudable ambition will effect. He is a consistent Christian, of a
benevolent disposition, and an honorable and valuable member of
society. He enjoys what he deserves — a large patronage in his busi-
ness — and has a host of friends.

Mr. Mitchell has been twice married, ilrst in 184G, to Miss Ann
Little, a native of Ireland. She died in 1882, leaving three sons, John
A., Fred H. and A. B. Mitchell. He chose for his second wife Miss
Catherine Lougheed, daughter of the late Dr. Lougheed, of Prince
Edward County, of Irish birth. They have one daughter — Florence.

young ph'
"ig practic
^ g'eat int
and althouj
is a memb(
Pythias, I.

George '.
^'■'1 in Dc
SaraJi (Dum
was a farmer
are Jiving at
aud Geoi-ge.
and followed i

"1 me. He

^'ity, from wh:
out as a day h
"lis work and
after serving ai
years. I,, ig;
"ves, and has »
nage with Afiss
County of Mk
IS the mother
•Mi^. Mitchell ai

William J. Mitchell, M.D.

William J. Mitchell, M. D., another successful practicing physician
of London, Ont., was born in the Township of Adelaide, County of
Middlesex, Ontario, and is the son of John and Mary Mitchell. John
Mitchell was born in the North of Ireland, County Armagh, aud left
his native country to immigrate to Canada about 1850. He was a
farmer by occupation. The mother was also from County Arniaoh.
They were the parents of five children, William J. Mitchell being the
youngest son aud child. He was reared in his native county, and
received a good practical education in the same. He then read medi-
cine under Dr. Wishart for some time, and later attended lectures at
Toronto and at London, where he graduated in 1885. He commenced
practicing in the last-named place, and is a demonstrator of anatomy
in the Western University. He is also on the visi'ing staff at the
hospital Dr. Mitchell is a closo student, and is one of the rising

LiEl

'Sanies Moffa

^tnct, of Ontu

almost forty-five

.'"terests. He w

"Dd Rachel (Han
.""'on in his yoi
immigrated to "S.
Jockport, and, i„

«ewasaniembe
;•"!;.'" 1«60, he y

J''ns in Canada
«'ghness with the

J^s/een much int
*as a member of I

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

929

youiif; ])hysicians of London. He has a large and constantly increas-
ing practice, and stands well with his professional brethren. He takes
a great interest in surgery, at which he is very successful and skillful,
and although a young man, he stands at the head of his profession. He
is a member of the following orders, viz. : — A. F. & A, M., Knights of
Pythias, I. 0. Foresters, and A. 0. Foresters.

George Mitchell

George ^litchell, a well-to-do farmer, of Concession 4, Lot 4, was
born in Devonshire, England, in 1842, and is a son of Daniel and
Sarah (Dunmiitt) Mitchell, also natives of Devonshire. The father
was a farmer, and died in hi.s native land. Six of his eleven children
are living at the present time — James, Robert, Samuel, Alfred, Joel
and George. The latter was reared on his father's farm, in England,
and followed the occupation of agriculture until his removal to Canada
in 1866. He took passage at Liverpool and landed at New York
City, from which place he came directly to London, Canada, and hired
out as a day laborer on a fann. At the end of one year he abandoned
this work and began learning the brick and stonemason's trade, and
after serving an apprenticeship, followed this occupation for about ten
years. In 1875 he purchased and located on the farm where he now
lives, and has made some valuable improvements. In LSTo his mar-
riage with Miss Eleanor Hale was celebrated. She was born in the
County of Middlesex, on the farm now owned by her husband, and
is the mother of two children — Richard L. and Anna L. Mr. and
Mrs. Mitchell are members of the Methodi.st Church,

Lieutenant- COLONEL James Moffat.

.Tames Moffat, Lieutenatit-Colonel, and late Brigade Major of No. 1
District, of Ontario, is one of the old residents of London, and for
almost forty-five years he has been prominently identified with its
interests. He was born in Lanark, Scotland, and is the son of James
and Eachel (Harrower) Moll'at. He received a Iibe''al business educa-
cation in his youth, and spent his early life on a farm. In 1841 he
immigrated to New York, where he remained for a time ; thence to.
Lockport, and, in 1845, to London, where he has since made his home.
He was a member of tlie Ti 'vn Council of London at an early day,
and, in 1860, he was elected Mayor. While the Prince of Wales was
\isiting in Canada, the Colowel had the honor of presenting His Royal
Highness with the address on chat memoi-able occasion. Colonel Motfat
has been much interested in educational mattei's, and for several years.
»as a member of the School Board, and served as Chairman. He has.

930

HISTORY OF THE

always, while occupying official positions, been a fiiithful and con-
sistent guardian of the city's interests. After a few years' residence in
London, Colonel Moffat went to Montreal, and received instructions in
military drill, in connection with the 47th Iiegiment. In 185(i lie
raised a Highland Company. In 1862 he was gazetted Brigade Major,
and, in 1872, Lieutenant-Colonel, since which time he has been
engaged in superintending and inspecting military in the First District.
He received his degrees of Master Ma.son in Lanark, Scotland, in 1S41,
and after coining to London, he affiliated with St. John's, No. 201), and,
in 1 S55, after having filled subordinate offices, was made VVorsliipful
Master, and again in 18G7. In 185(j he was elected by the Grand
Lodge, Grand Senior Warden, and, two years later, District Deputy
Grand Master of the London District.

In 1871 he was made Worshipful Master of Tuscan Lodge, Xo.
19r>, and in 1879 and 1880 he held the position of Deputy Grand
Master; in 1881 he was elected Grand Master. In the same year,
while on a visit to Scotland, St. Clair Lodge, No. 34'J, of Edinburgh,
and St. George's, No. 333, Glasgow, held crowded meetings in his
honor, and both elected him an honorary member. In Capitulary
Masonry, Colonel Moffat has filled the various offices, including First
Principal. He received his degree in 1854 in St. .John's Chapter, No.
3. In 1858 he became a member of liichard Cceur de Lion t'oni-
mandery, and occupied several subordinate positi(jns. He was elected
Eminent Commander in 1865, and the same year he was appointed
Grand Registrar of the Grand Conclave ; in 1868, First Captain ; in
1878, Grand Vice-Chancellor, and to the same office in 1881. In
1870, on the establishment of Huron Conclave, he becjxme a member
of the Constantino Order of England, and was appointed Eusebius, or
Viceroy, which office he held until 1872, when he was unanimously
elected Most Puissant Sovereign. In 1868 he petitioned for and re-
ceived the degi'ee of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite, u]) to and
including the Rose Croix, 18", of London, and in 1871 went to Detroit
and took the remaining degree of the Scottish Rite. In 188."), while
in Scotland, he took the degree of the Royal Order of Scotland.

In attempting a detailed account of the CJireer, or review even
passingly his official and public life, or to speak at length of his
characteristics and his many social traits, would be impossible in the
space allotted in this work. In every walk of life he lias proven him-
self a man of unbending honor and incorruptible honesty, generous in
his feelings and dignified in his manhood, worthy as a citizen, and true
and faithful as a friend. Colonel Mollat has been twice married, first
in New York, in 1843, to Miss Su.sanna Cox, a native of England : siie
died in 1881. To this marriage were born eight children, six now
living. He selected for liis present wife. Miss Helen Wallace Pedeii, a
native of Galston, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and a descendant of Ale.xander
Peden, one of the most celebrated of Scotch Covetianter worthies,
whose memory is cherished with reverence tiiroughout the country.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

George Monaghan.

931

In mentioning within these pages the Monaghan family as early

settlers, reference should be made to James Monaghan, whose residence

within this community dates from the year 1819. He was born in

Leitrim County, Irel.and, in the year 1781, and when eleven yefvrs old

immigrated with an uncle, Patrick Monaghan, to America, settling first

in Cherry Valley, N. Y., at the head of the Susquehanna River. Here

he married Miss Jemima Eaton when he was twenty-seven years old,

and lived, following agi'icultural pursuits, until the spring of 1819,

when he came to Canada and worked one season near St. Thomas.

His family then consisted of a wife and seven children, and with them

he settled on a farm in London Township, January 20, 1820, and pur-

sued his peaceful avocation until his death, at the age of 87 years.

The mother died at the age of 77 years. Their family consisted of

eleven children — Esther (who mairied .lohn Duncan, is now a widow

residing in Illinois), Ann (the wife of Archibald Hryce), Phoebe (who

married James TofHemire), John (who died at the age of thirty-three

years), James (now living in Adair County, Iowa), George, Eliakim,

Jemima (wife of Charles C. Brown, of British Columbia), William

(who died at the age of fourteen years), Sarah (who died in infancy),

and Uri (the la.st and youngest child). George is the sixth child and

third son, and was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., Aiigust 13, 1817, and

came with his parents to Canada in 1819. He was reared on a farm,

and after attaining his majority, became a farm hand, working during

the summer months, aTid thus saved means with which to go to school.

After acquiring a good education he began teaching school, which

occupation he followed for fifteen years, also keeping an hotel during

this time. December 17, 1849, he was united in marriage to Miss

Sarah Dayton, who was born in Ancaster, Canada. Mr. Monaghan

served in the Militia during the Rebellion of 1837, and throughout

his long and useful career has fully merited the esteem with which he

is regarded by all who know him.

ROBERT R. G. Montgomery.

llobert R. G. Montgomery, a well-known citizen of Delaware, was
born in Gosport Barracks, Hampshire, England, August 7, 1819, and is
the eldest son of Captain George and Maria (Rutherford) Montgomery.
The Captain entered the Royal Military Academy of Woolwich as a
eadetin 1790; appointed an ensign in the' 20th Regiment in 1799;
served in Holland, under command of the Duke of York, in 1799 ;
served in the Kingdom of Naples with the army under command of
Sir James Craig, in 180G ; served in Calabria, Battle of Maida with the
army under command of Sir John Stuart, in 1806 ; promoted to a
Heutenancy in the same corps in 1801; appointed aide-de-camp to

932

HISTORY OF THE

Major- General Hull in 1801, and served four years on that g(MieraI
officer's staff; ])romoted to a company in the 18th Koyal Irisli, July,
180<S ; served in Portugal under Sir Arthur Wellesley, afterwards I )uke
of Wellington, in IHOS; served in Spain with the army, under Sir John
Moore, in 1808-9, the entire memorable retreat, and battle ofCorunna;
served in Egypt, under command of Sir Kalph Abercrombe, in 1811 ;
served four years in the West Indies, and returned to Europe in a de-
plorable state of health ; served in the Mediterranean in dillereiit
islands, Minorca, Malta, Sicily, etc., six years ; apj)ointed Barrack
Master at lielturbut, County of Cavan, Ireland, 1823; appointed
Barrack Master at Kilkenny Barracks same year, serv(;d fifteen years
and four months; total service, forty j-ears. In 1<S41 he came to
Canada, located in the township of Clarke, east of Toronto, and here
passed his last days. Of a family of seven children, Robert R. G. was
the eldest son. At the age of twenty-one he commenced farming for
himself. In 1847 he married Miss Louisa Bignall, born in Jamaica,
West Indies, and had one daughter. In 186<) his wife died, and in
18G1 he married Mrs. Annie A. Rivers, by whom he had five cliildren,
three now living. In 1878 he sold his farm and settled in Delaware.
Mr. Montgomery is Conservative in politics. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and he and his family are members of the CImrch
of England.

William Moore.

William Moore, of the Inland Revenue Department, is one of the
early settlers of London, and has been identified with its interests for
over forty-six years. He was born in the County of Sligo, Ireland, in
1819, and was a son of Walter Moore, who was a native of the same
County, as were his ancestors for many generations back. Tiie name
of the mother was Catherine Lyttle of tlie same County. In 18.S5 tho
family immigrated to Canada, and settled in what is now the County of
Peel, within twenty-one miles of Toronto, and here William Moore,
our subject, was reared at the distilling business. In 184i> he came to
London, and two years later built the distillery that so long bore his
n<ame in what is now London East. He conducted the business from
1862 to ]8((3, when he abandoned this cjilling, and in 18(58 acce])ted a
josition in the Inland Revenue Department of London, which position
le has filled up to the present date, a fact which sjjcaks elo(iuentIy for
lis ability and usefulness, as he is the olde.st man in point of service
in the office. In 1851 he was elected ('ouncillor of St. Lawrence
Ward, and the following year was elected Reeve, which position he
held several years. Ho was Chairman of the Board of Directors when
1 he greater part of the improvements were made in this section, and
lie has also acted as Warden when this official was absent. He liiis
held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the East Middlesex Militia. In

Walter H.
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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

933

1846 he wedded Miss Margaret, daughter of the late Duncan McKenzie,
of London Township, and a sister of the present County Clerk, and of
Judge McKenzie. Mrs. Moore was born in London Township in 1826,
and her union with Mr. Moore has been blessed in the birth of ten
children — Margaret A., Kate, Mary W., W. McKenzie (a druggist of
Chicago, 111.), Sarah J., John M., Walter D. (who is Assistant Chief
Clerk at Pullman. Ill), Kobert G. B. (with Edward Adams & Co.),
James P. (a barrister), and Thomas A. (a student with his brother John
M) The latter is the fifth of the family, and was reared in London,
receiving his education in the schools of London. He served an
apprenticeship at architecture and Provincial land surveying with
Kobinson & Tracy, and subsequently fonned a partnership with
others, the latter connection lasting four or five years. At the end
of this time Mr. Moore severed his connection with this firm, and has
since conducted business on his own account. He was manied in
April, 1882, to Miss Louisa, daughter of Oliver McClary, a full history
of whose family appears on another page of this work. Mrs. Moore
was born in London, and is the mother of one daughter — Clara. Mr.
Moore is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

DR. V^'ALTER H. MOORHOUSE.

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Walter H. Moorhouse, M. B., L. E. S. & L. R. C. P., Edinburgh,
was born in the Township of Eupheniia, County of Lambton, June 12,
1843. His father, Joseph Moorhouse, was born in the County of
Wexford, Ireland, and came with his father, Thomas Moorhouse, to
Canada in 1820. The Moorhouse family, like all other adherents to
the Protestant faith, suffered severely, both personally and financially,
during the Irish Rebellion. In consequence of this, Thomas de-
tennined that he would take his family and go where they could enjoy
their religious opinions unmolested. Accordingly, though at a great
sacrifice of landed property, as soon as peace was restored he immi-
grated to Canada. Joseph Moorhouse took a very active part in sup-
pressing the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, and for services rendered
was raised to the rank of Captain. He died in 1851. His wife, Mary
Backus, was the daughter of the late Stephen Backus, of Tyrconnell,
one of the earliest and best-known pioneers of Elgin County, having
located there very shortly after the founding of that settlement by
Colonel Talbot in 1801. She became the mother of five children,
three of whom are still living, Joseph, the youngest, being a clergy-
man of the Church of England in the Diocese of Huron. Dr. Moor-
house spent his boyhood in Elgin County under the tutelage of the
Rev. Henry Holland, B.A., of Queen's College, Cambridge (late of
St Catherine's), and sub,sequently studied with the late Rev. John
Kennedy, B. A., of Adelaide. His medical education was obtained at
Trinity Medical College, Toronto, where he graduated. The following

934

HISTOKY OF THE

year he spent in the European Hospitals, princij tally in London and
Edinburgh. After taking his degrees he returned to Canada, and in
the winter of 1875 settled in London, where he is now in the enjoy-
ment of a large and lucrative jtractice. He is a thorough student, and
his adaptability for the jxisition of family physician has won for him a
reputation much more than local. He, conjointly with J)r. Fraser,
holds the chair of Principles and Practice of Medicine in the Medical
Department of the Western University, located in London.

In 1871 he married Miss Margaret Webster, daughter of the Itev.
Dr. Webster, Newbury, County of Middlesex, a jirominent clergyman
of the Methotlist Church, and one of the oldest now living in Ontiirio.
He is also one of the few pioneers in the settlement of the County of
Middlesex who now survive, having come thither in 18l!l, when a lad
of only ten years, and continued a constant resident until 1840. His
father, Robert Webster, a Lieutenant in the Militia, settled on tlie
north half of I^t No. 7 of the Third Concession of London, in ISIH.
Dr. Webster is, therefore, familiar with the early settlement of the
county, and has always taken a warm interest in its development and
prosperity. He entered the ministry in 1S38, and continued in the
active work until 1869. In l8(iG he returned to Middlesex County
and settled in Newburj', where he has ever since resided. In 1833
he married Mary Bailey, the daughter of another Middlesex pioneer,
the liev. John Bailey, a union which lasted nearly fifty-five years, and
was severed by Mrs. Webster's death in November, 1888, He was
the proprietor and editor of the Canada Cht'istian Advocate for a
great number of years, and he also contributed largely to the current
literature of the county for the last fifty years, Ijeing the author of
several books. His " Early Scenes in Canadian Life " ran throu','h a
series of years in the New Dominion Monthly, and he has furnished
a number of historical papers for several American encyclopedias and
reviews.

Rev. John P. Morden.

Rev. John P. Morden is a native of the township in which he now
resides ; his birth occurring on the 14th of February, 1830, and is a
son of John and Mary A. (Parkinson) Mordeii. The mother was a
sister of Major Parkinson, and was born in Seaford, County Down,
Ireland. Her family, which consisted of herself and two brothers,
Thomas and James, were early immigrants to Canada, and were sniong
the early settlers of Middlesex County. Her brother, Thomas Parkin-
son, was one of the oldest Masons in the country; he joined the
order in 1813 in the town of Seaforth, and died near Brockway, Michi-
gan, in his 95th year. The Morden family are of English descent, the
great grandparent, Ralph Morden, having immigrated from his native
land to the United States about 1775 ; was married in New Jersey,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

935

and at the breaking out of the Revohitionary war in the United States,
they came to Canada as Ixjyalists, and settled near Hamilton. In IS 19
they located in Middlesex County. The grandfather, John Morden,
had eight sous, who settled in the county, and at one time there was a
community known as the " Mordens." They took up land from the
Government as U. E. Ix)yalists, and the grandfather's death occuiTed at
Lambeth. John and Mary Morden became the parents of nine child-
ren, six of whom are now living — John P., Eobert (residing in Iowa),
Jane, Mary, Hannah, and Eliza. Those deceased are, Ann, Ellen,
and Margaret. The father died in 1855 ; his widow dying in Jantiary,
188<S. Key. John P. Morden was reared to farm life, and received his
early education in the common schools, completing his studies in
Cobourg College. At the age of twenty-six he began the study of theo-
logy, being ordained a minister of the Methodist Church in 1800.
Since that time he has had charge of a number of different circuits,
and has esttiblished many diH'erent societies. The enviable position
he occupies in his profession, as a citizen and as a man, is doubly
appreciated by him for having been due largely to personal etibrts.
In 18S4 his throat became so affected from over exertion, than he was
put on the superannuated list, and is now retired from active work.
He was manied in 1853 to Miss Prudence, daughter of Clarkson F.
and Keziah Shotwell, natives of New Jersey, whose grandfather, Junies
Shotwell, was an expressman for Gen. CJeorge Washington during the
American War, and was a very wealthy citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Morden
are the parents of two children — .lohn W. G,, and Mary E., a gradu-
ate in music, and wife of L. W. Smith. Mrs. Morden is a lady of fine
intellectual powers, and has written poetry for nearly all the leading
journals throughout the country. Her poems have received the uni-
versal praise of the public, and show great literary ability.

George W. Morgan.

George W. Morgan, a rejjresentative of one of the oldest families
of Adelaide Township was born in this township, December 3, 1839,
and is the son of Richard and Catherine (Patterson) Morgan, natives
of Ireland. Richard Morgan was born in 1810, and ditd in Adelaide
Township, in 1882. He was one of three brothers — John, Richard
and William — who came with their father, Richard Morgan, to Canada,
and where the father died in Adelaide Township at a ripe old age,
Richard Morgan, jr., was a soldier in the 1837 and 1838 Rebellion,
and was sent home several times to look after the welfare of the families
in the then wilderness country. He took quite an interest in the edu-
cation of his children, and employed a private teacher by the name of
Madison Been, who came to Canada from Wisconsin, and taught in
the home of Mr. Morgan. The latter was an enterprising man, and
was quite well-to-do at the time of his death. He was a man of un-

936

HISTOKY OF THE

questionable integiity, whose word was as good as his note. Wlien the
family first came to Canada, they settled in County Lambton, but soon
after came to County Middlesex and settled in Adelaide Township.
Mr Morgan's estate is yet undivided, and the business is in the hands
of G. W. Morgan. Mrs. Catharine (Patterson) Morgan was born in
Ireland, in 1811, and now resides in Metcalfe Township with a
daughter. The Pattersons came to Canada in early times, and were,
for many years, a leading family of this township. George W. Morgan
settled where he now resides, in 1868. He received a common school
education, and is now a successful agriculturist, and is also engaged
in loaning money out of his father's estate. He was mairied in LSTl
to Miss Elizabeth Cuddy, a native of this township, born 1845, and
who bore him three children — Alfred E., Ernest A. and George E.
Mr. Morgan is the owner of 100 acres of land, is Conservative in
politics, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Church of
Canada.

Charles A. Morley.

Charles A. Morley, butcher and provision dealer, has been a resi-
dent of London for over thirty-three years, and is one of the landmarks
of that city. He is a native of the Isle of Wight, and was born ^lurch
15, 1832, the son of James and Thirza Morley, both natives of the Isle
of Wight. Charles A. Morley was reared at his birthplace until twenty
years of age, and then went to Australia, where he remained until
1855, meeting with satisfactory results. He then returned to England,
and the same year came to Canada, where he was employed for some
time in a drug house, and where he remained for several years. In
1862 he engaged in business for himself in his present line, and he is
now one of the oldest dealers residing in the city. His business career
has been both honorable and successful, and his plain, unassuming
manners cause him to be reticent concerning his labors. Strictly
attentive to business, even ii its most trivial details, urbane and
pleasant to those with whom he has business intercourse, scrupulously
exact in the fulfillment of all representations to customers, he has
built up a trade in full keeping with his standing as a business man
and citizen. Mr. Morley was married in 1855 to Miss Isabella
Barton, a native of the same place as her husband.

George F. Morris.

George F. Morris, meat dealer, London, Ont— Among those who
Lave won their way in life's battles .and are deservedly ranked among
thoroughly reliable citizens and business men of London stands the

COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX.

937

name of Mr. Morris, who was horn in Gloucestershire, Enf»lan(i, and
came to this country in IHS'.i, being one of the early settlers and
representative citizens of this county. The mother, whose maiden
name was Hannah Cook, was born in Kent, County Essex, England.
The father in his native country was engaged in mercantile pursuits ;
but after coming to this country he followed agricultural pursuits.
He is still a resident of Middlesex County, but the mother died Oct.
10, 1888. George F. Morris was the fifth of seven children bom to
his parents, his birth occumng Feb. U), IS.IS, and his early life was
siient on a farm. As soon as lie had attained a suitable age he com-
menced familiarizing himself with the business which has been his
life occupation. He was married in 1S7<S to Miss Mary Harris, a
native of Delaware, Out. They have one adopted son. The same
year of his marriage Mr. Morris rented a stall in the Market House,
commenced business on a small scale and with very little capital. By
industry, economy, coujiled with sterling integrity, year by year his
trade has increased until he now commands one of the best trades in
his line in the city, and the quality of his meat is unsurpassed.
Scrupulously exact in the fulfillment of all his promises to customers,
he receives and merits the respect of all who know him, and his career
is worthy of imitation. He is a member of the Ancient Order of
Foresters, and is an excellent citizen.

John Moule.

John Moule, grocer and provision dealer, of London, and one of
the wide-awake, stirring business men of that place, is a native of
Canada; born May 17, IS49, and the fourth son born to John and
Catherine (Scanlan) Moule. The father was a native of Cambridge,
England, and immigrated to Canada in 1828. He was a grocer and
provision dealer, and followed this calling for many years. His son,
John Moule, was reared to this business, and after his father retired
from active life succeeded to the business, and has become promi-
nently identified with the business interest of the city of his childhood.
In 1876 he was united in marriage to Miss Kate Day, a native of
^lichigan. To this union were born six children — Carrie Gertrude
(deceased), Thomas, John Alonzo (deceased), Chester, Beatrice, and
Francis. In 1887, Mr. Moule was elected by acclamation as a suit-
able pei'son to represent the No. 2 Ward in the City Council, and, in
18(S8, he was re-elected his own succes.sor. Strict attention to his
duties in this position, as well as his business, even to its smallest
details, couiteous and pleasant in all his relations with the public,
scrupulously exact in the fulfillment of all his representations and
promises to patrons, he has built up an enviable reputation as a
business man and otlicial. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum
and fraternity ; also a member of King Solomon Lodge (Free Masons).

938

H18T0KY OF TIIR

Adam Murray.

Adam Murray, ex-Treasurer of Middlesex County, Ontftrin, was
bom in Iioxl)ur<ihshire, Scotland, August 1, 1808, and is a son of
Charles and Elizal)eth (Armstrong) Murray, and they, as well as the
pater/ial »rand[»arents, were natives of Scotland. They were the
parents of thirteen children, three of whom are living — Agnus (widow
of Thomas Armstrong, whose son is now in the Canadian Parliament),
Elsi)eth (widow of John I.ittle) atid Adam, who is the youngest of the
family. He was reared on his father's farm until nine years of age,
and when in his twelfth year came to New Brunswick with his
parents, completing his education in the Grammar School in St. John,
and in Frederickton, New Brunswick. In 1834 ho resolved to seek
his fortune in Canada, and took passage in a vessel bound for New
York, coming via BuHalo, and locating in Westminster, where lie
engaged in teaching school, and for nineteen years followed that
occupation. He was married in October, 1835, to Miss Jane Beattie,
who was born in Scotland. Of their family only the eldest, Charles, is
living. In 1836 he jmrchased a farm, which he managed in connection
with his school duties, and during the five years in which he served as
Township Clerk, Treasurer and School Superintendent, he still tilled
his farm. In 1857 he was appointed Treasurer of Middlesex County,
which oflice he held to the satisfaction of all concerned until
.July 1, 1887, when he resigned, and has since lived a retired life. The
following extract shows how his services were appreciated, and with
what reluctance his resignation was received : —

" To Adam Murray, Esq., Treasurer of the County of Middlesex :

" Respected Sm, — We, the members of the County Council of
Middlesex, desire at this time to say to you, that we received the
intimation of your intention to resign the onerous and responsible
position you have held in this county for so many years, with profound
regi'et and pain ; and when requested by you to accept your resigna-
tion, we comply with the greatest reluctance, knowing that in ]iarting
with you we are parting with one whose place we cannot expect to fill
for many years. Your long service, your kindly advice and valuable
assistance in all matters pertaining to the management of *\\i county
affairs, will be sadly missed. Your sterling and prudent business
management of the duties imposed on you, and your ever honest fulfill-
ment of the high trust placed in you for so long a terra of years, will
not only stand to your credit in time to come, but will redound to ihe
credit of your children and your children's children. You have set an
example that is at once a guide and beacon to us all, not only as
oflBcers of this county, but to us as men in our walk through life.

" We feel that we, as a corporation, and the ratepayers thereof, are
largely indebted to you, in a monetary sense, for the earnest efforts
successfully made toward the reduction of the large debenture debt

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

939

that long pressed \i\x)n this county, and also for the larjie anmunts you
have handed over to us as interest received on money invested at your
own risk, and which many of us felt rightly belonged to yourself; and
when wo consider that this saving alone amounts to nearly twenty-
five thousand dollars, we think tluit we, as a Council, would only be
doing our duty to ourselves and the ratepayers we represent by mak-
u.g ,1 fitting recognition, which the Municipal Act wisely allows us to
do, on your retiring from the position you have held for the past thirty
years.

'• And now, sir, to conclude, we earnestly trust that the days of
your pilgrimage, and that of your esteemed partner in life, now exceed-
ing the allotted span, may be still further prolonged, and that you may
find in your withdrawal from public life that well-earned rej)ose which
you now so much require, and we earnestly trust that when the days
of the years of your useful life are fully ended, may you receive that
joyful welcome, ' Well done, thou good and faithful servant ; enter
thou into the joy of thy rest.'

" Simon McLeod, Acting Warden.

"County Council Rooms, London, June 10th, 1887."

Mr. Murray is now in his eighty-first year, but is yet very active,
and has a renuvrkably retentive memory. Mr. and Mrs. Murray an;
members of the Presbyterian Church, and have in their possession a
Bible that was printed in London, England, in 1(340.

A. S. MURE AY.

Any sketch of the business interests of London would be incom-
plete which failed to make mention of one of the principal houses in
the jewelry line, that of Mr. Murray ; and in this connection it may
not be out of place to give a brief outline of the history of his career.
A. S. Murray is a native Canadian, having been born in the County
of Oxford, January 15, 1847. His father, William Murray, a Scotch-
man by birth, and a Canadian by adoption, was born iu Sutherland-
shire in about 1802, and immigrated to Canada at an early period in
her history. He settled on a farm, and now, notwithstanding the fact
that almost four score years and ten have passed over his head, is a
man of remarkable vigor, and bids fair to see many more yeais. The
subject of this sketch spent his early life iu assisting his father with
tlie duties on the farm, and when old enough commenced an apprentice-
sliip at the jewelry trade, at which he became very proficient. He
lias been a resident of London for about twenty-five years, and the
business to which he has succeeded was establi.shed in 18Go. His
stock is large and complete in all departments, embraces the product
of the most reputable manufacturers, and for variety and elegance is
unsurpassed. Mr. Murray gives the business his uudivided attention.

1)40

HISTORY OF THE

and disposes of his goods at prices as low as is consistent with <,'ood
business management, and his store is the popular resort of tho.se in
want of reliable goods in his line, and at popular prices. In connec-
tion with this dejiartnient of business, he is the possessor of a complete
set of the celebrated lenses of Nachet & Fils, Paris, Franco, for te.'5tiii<j'
th« sight, ajid he is the only jeweler in London or Western Ontario
who has graduated as an optician. In this connection it may he
mentioned that multitudes are su tiering from defective eyes in their
declining years from failure to avail themselves of competent advice
and knowledge in adjusting glasses to their eyes. The trade that Mr.
Murray has built up and the large number of patrons he has secured
speak more forcibly of his ujiright methods of doing business than
any words we can write. He was married in 1880 to Miss Laura P.
McPherson, a native of Whitby, Ontario, and they have four children
— Ethel, Laura, CJordon, and Gladdis. Mr. ^lurray is a member of
the Masonic Order, the L 0. Foresters, and the Royal Arcanum.

Murray Brothers.

John and Peter Murray, of the ilrni of Murray Bros., plasterers, of
London, are the sons of David and Rebecca (Cook) Murray, who were
natives of Scotland. Both David Murray and his father were in tiie
British Army, the former serving as Hospital Steward, and the latter as
Captain. They were retired on pensions, and David Murray is still
living in London, a hale and hearty old man. There were four sons in
his family — James, David, John and Peter. John Murray was born in
Toronto in 1&57, and came with his parents to London, Out., about
18()0. Peter was also born in Toronto, but his birth occurred two
years later. They served a regular apprenticeship at their present
business, and in 1882 formed a partnership for taking contracts on
their own account, and, being very competent and reliable workmen,
have secured a large share of the public patronage. They have had
sub-contracts on buildings at the Insane Asylum, and did the plaster-
ing for the Simcoe St. School building, Dundas St. Methodist Church,
and have the contract for the new Colborne St. Methodist Church. In
1880, John was married to Miss Maria Ryan, a native of London, by
whom he has four children — .lohn, Martin, Joseph and Edwaiii.
Peter was married in 1884 to Miss Annie McCowan, and by her has
one son — Herbert, Both men are enterprising and industrious, and are
doing a large and paying business.

Thomas Morkin.

Among those who for nearly ibrty years have been residents of
London and vicinity is the subject of this brief sketch. He was born

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

941

in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, in 18.':»7. His parents, Edward
and Margaret (O'AIaraJ Morkin, were both natives of the same county,
and immigrated with their parents to America in about 1851, and
settled in the County of Middlesex, where the father lived until his
death in 1869. The mother is still living at the advanced age of eighty-
seven years. Of their family of thirteen children, six sons and two
daughters are still living. The subject of this sketch in early life
worked at dillerent occupations until he decided upon the tannery
business, which he followed for thirteen years, and then engaged in
the hotel business, and for twenty-three years his record will compare
with any house in this calling in London. The Morkin Hotel for
many years has been devoted to public entertainment, and has an
established reputation. The building is brick and admirably located,
and has not only comfortable bedrooms, but large and convenient sit-
ting rooms. The bar is stocked with a choice selection of wines,
liquors and ales, and special attention is given to quality, regcirdless
of price. Few men are better known, and his word is as good as cash.
He is really a self-made man, and what he has accumulated is the
result of his own industry and good business m.anagement. Ho has
made it a cardinal point in his career to treat all men politely, and do
as he would he done by ; and he has thus drawn around him a tratle
highly complimentary to his standing as a business man and a citizen.
Mr. Morkin married Miss Alary Cooney, also of the County of Tip-
perary. They have a fiimily of six sous — John, Tom, Ned, Martin,
Will and Joe.

Henry Nicholson,

;j; Henry Nicholson, insurance agent, money lender and dealer in

real estate, is a native of Corbridge, Northumberland, England, born
March 10, 1840; son of Henry and Ann (Inniss) Nicholson, and of
English descent. His father was born in Cumberland and the mother
in Northumberland, England, the father in 1807, and died in the land
of his nativity in 1873. He was a contractor and builder by occupa-
tion, also a local Wesleyan minister, and a man of energy and enter-
prise. The mother was born in the year 1807, and also died in Eng-
land in 1884. Henry Nicholson received a Collegiate education in
England, and early in life entered upon a business career, having held
several positions of trust and importance prior to immigrating to Canada
in 1866. After reaching this country he first settled in Tilsonburg,
County Oxford, and remained there until 1868, when he came to
Strathroy, where he at once entered into the lumbering business, in
which he continued about nine years. In 1870, Mr. Nicholson en-
gaged in the real estjite business in connection with ocean steamship,
insurance and loaning money, which he still continues. He repre-
sents the Canadian Life Insurance Company, the Royal Canadian Fire

S42

HISTOIIY OF THE

Insurance Company, the London (England) Assurance Coryioration,
and is agent for the Dominion Savings & Investment Society of Lon-
don, Ont., the London (England) & Ontario Investment Co., the
Freehold Loan & Savings Company of Toronto, and the Anchor Line
steamships. He has been, and is doing a successful business, and is in
comfortable circumstances, owning considerable valuable property in
Strathroy and neighborhood. He takes an active part in politics, and
is a Reformer iu his views. He was a member of the Strathroy Coun-
cil from 1874 to 1.S7.S and 1883 and 1884. In 1875 he was appointed
a member of the High School Board, on which he served for six years.
He was made an Oddfellow at Otter Lodge, at Tilsonburg, in 18f)7 ; is
the first charter member and was one of the organizers of Howard
Lodge, No. 58, in Strathroy. In 1875 he was united in marriage to
Miss Isabella Laws, who was born in Northumberland, England, in
1852. Mr. Nicholson is a correspondent for the Hexham Courant,
England, also a commercial journal in Canada, and is an interesting
writer. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and is one of the
active men of Strathroy.

Robert Nicholson.

Robert Nicholson, proprietor of the Nicholson Planing Mill, and
dealer in lumber, coal and lime, was born in the North of England in
1828, and is the son of Edward and Hannah (Mullcaster) Nicholson,
both natives of England. His father's birth occurred in 1779, and his
death in 1853 ; and his mother was born in 1792, and died in 180(j.
He was educated in England, and first worked in a provision store.
He came to Canada in 1S48, and settled in Norwich, County O.xford,
where he engaged in mercantile pursuits first, and later in the lumber
business. He came to Strathroy in 1801, and here carried ou mer-
chandising for about three years. Since 1801 he has been engaged in
the lumber business in this town, and for nearly thirty years has
been one of the leading business men of Strathroy. He has made his
own way in life, has been successful, and is now in very comfortable
circumstances, owning a valuable fann just outside the corporation of
Strathroy. In 1802 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Saul, a
representative of one of the pioneer families of the County of Middle-
sex, and to them have been born eight children. In 1887, after an
absence of thirty-nine y -s, Mr. Nicholson visited his old home and
birth])lace in England. He is a decided Reformer in politics, and has
held the office of Reeve and Town Councillor, and is one of the leading
citizens of Strathroy.

Adam Nichol

Adam Nichol is of Scotch descent, his father, Francis Nichol, being
loom in Scotland in 1782, and a dealer in flour and oatmeal. He was

COUNTY CF MIDDLKSKX.

943

Tiianieil to Mips Jaiinet Nicliol, and by her became the father of six
cliiUlren — John, Thomas, P'raneis, Mfiry, Adam and VViUiani. He
immigrated to Canada, and settled in Westminster To',vnshii» in IH."..".,
where lie entered 200 acres of land on the Fourth Concession, which is
now occnjHed by his son Adam, and began clearing his land and
getting it in tillable shape, liis experience being much the same as all
pioneer settlers. He was a strict member of the Presbyterian Church,
and reared his family in the fear of God, his death occurring in 1808,
At the advanced age of eighty-six years. He was very energetic, and
is a descendant of a very hardy I'ace of people, who, in addition to their
Bibles, which invariably accompanied them, brought with them to the
New World stout hearts and willing hands. He possessed great
strength of character, and his long career of usefulness may well be
viewed with ]iride by his descendants. Me became a wealthy farmer,
owing to his industry, frugality and good management, and built a fine
brick residence on his farm and one of the first barns in the townshij),
which is still standing in a good state of jireservation, the framework
being of hewed oak.

Adam Nichol, who.se name heads this sketch, was born on the old
homestead in 1834, and was reared to farm life, receiving a good com-
mon school education. In ISdS he married Catherine liidlaw, a
(laughter of Walter and Elizabeth (Beattie) Laidlaw, who were also
Scotch Presbyterians, and ciime to Canada, settling in Middlesex
(.'ounty in 1832, where they are still living at the age of seventy-three
and .sixty-eight respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Nichol are the parents of
six children — Francis W., -lannet E., Mary, Walter L., John B., and
Thomas H. After their marriage they settled down to farming on the
old homestead, where they have remained a jieriod of twenty years.
They are devout members of the Presbyterian Church, and their
children are carefully instructed in all moral and religious teachings,
and the way pointed out with clearness and accuracy. They possess
250 acres of fine farming land, which is well stocked and cultivated,
and on which is a commodious and hand.sorae residence. Mr. Nichol
may well be considered one of the sterling and respected citizens of
the township.

John Nichol

John Nichol is one of the enterprising and reliable farmers of West-
minster Township, and is a son of Francis Nichol — a short history of
whom is given in the sketch of Adam Nichol — and was born at New-
«a8tleton, Roxburgshire, Scotland, in 1822, receiving his education in
the common schools of his native land. He was reared in the woods
of Canada and became very expert in the use of the ax, many a mon-
arch of the forest having fallen beneath his sturdy stroke. After
reaching maidiood, Mr. Nichol married Miss Barbara Scott, a daughter

944

HISTORY OF THK

of George and Mary Scott, and tlieir union was blessed in the birth of
seven cliildren — Francis, (Jeorgo T., John O., Jeanette, Mary, Holle,
and Jane. After his marriage, Mr. Nichol located on a farm in the
t)th Concession, and is now the owner of o6() acres of valuable farming
land. He has always followed the jieaceful occui)ation of tilling tlie
soil, and is considered one of the most painstaking and successfid
farmers of the township. He has always taken an active interest in
the cause of education, and has been school trustee for many years.
His wife being also a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church.
Their son, George, married Miss Isabel Kirk, and John wedded Miss
Annie Cameron, and both are residing in Westminster Township on
farms presented to them by their father, near the old homestuud.
The Nichols have ever been prominent citizens, and have the respect
and esteem of all who know them.

James Nobbs.

James Nobbs, contractor, was born in the County of Norfolk, Eng-
land, Aug. 10, 1837. His parents, James and Martha (Harvey)
Nobbs, were of the same place. James, the eldest son and third child,
was reared at his native place until ten years of age, and then removed
to Lowenstoft, where he attended school until fourteen years of age,
receiving a good, practical business education. He then served an
apprenticeship to the stone-cutting business with Lucas Brothers, the
largest contractors in this line in England. Charles Berry, the cele-
brated engineer and architect, was an apprentice at the same time with
the same firm. Mr. Nobbs superintended the building of the Loudon
University for the contractors, and also for the Koyal Academy. For
a long time impressed with the idea that better opportunities were
offered in the New World for men of energy and integrity, he in 1870
immigrated to Canada and settled in Toronto. In 1871, after the
Chicago fire, he went to that city and remained for one year, and tlieu
returned to Toronto, where he followed his chosen occupation. For
seven years he was employed on Government work, and had charge
of the work for the contractors in building the addition to the Custom
House in London, and the last addition to the London Insane A.syluin.
He was the contractor of the English (Jhurch at Exeter, and (jf the
Church at Dorchester. He also has the contract for the stonework of
the new Colborne Street Methodist Church, and of the Canadian Loan
& Savings Building. He is a thoroughly competent mechanic, as well
as a reliable contractor, and is much above the average in intelligence
and good judgment He was married in 1851) to Miss Elizabeth
Pocock, a native of the Isle of Wight. They have six children — Alice
(wife of Jno. Henderson, Toronto), Annie, Kobert and Artlmr (both
learning the trade with their father), and Edmund aud William (in
school).

COUNTY OF MIDDLESBX.

John Nixon.

945

John Nixon, a member of the Townsliip Council, is a doscendiint of
a prominent family, the male members of which have been larmors of
England for several hundred years, and were the owners of landed
estates, on which the ruins of the family castle can still be seen. James
Nixon, the father of John, was born in England, and was there married
to Margaret Summers, and with her immigrated to America in 18 Ki,
locating in New York State, where he resided three years, and then
came to Canada and settled on and cleared the farm now occupied by
our subject, which consists of between 700 and 800 acres. He and
wife became the parents of the following children : — John, liobert,
George, William (deceased), James, Margaret, Mary and Elizabeth.
At the time of their settlement Westminster Township was a wilder-
ness, and he and wife were compelled to suller many of the privations
and hardships incident to pioneer life. He died December 25, IB?.!,
at the age of eighty-five years, but his wife is still living at the
advanced age of ninety-four years, and possesses her strength and
mental faculties to a remarkable degree. Mr. Nixon was a member of
the Church of England, and was an honorable and upright citizen.

John Nixon was born in New York State, in 1817, and came to
Canada with his parents, but owing to the newness of the country the
school facilities were very poor. Indians were very plentiful at that
time, and the woods were filled with wild game of all kinds. John
grew to be skilled in woodcraft, and the hardships of pioneer life were
.IS naught to him. He has been Justice of the Peace for probably
thirty-five years, and has also been a member of the Township Coun-
cil for thirty-two years, with the exception of three years spent in
visiting England, from 1872 to 1875. He has been a Director of the
Westminster Mutual Fire Insurance Company for thirty years, and
holds the same connection with the Western Fair Board and the Fkst
Middlesex Agricultural Society. He is a member of the Church of
England, and is the owner of 425 acres of land, all of which is well
improved ; and he is noted throughout the county as a man of strict
integrity, and has the respect of all who know him for his affection
iuid fidelity to his aged mother, for whom he has always made a home.

William Northcott.

igence
Ubeth
-Alice
(both
lim (in

Among the many enterprising and successful farmers of the town-
ship, stands the name of William Northcott, who was born in Nova
Scotia, November 27, 1828, and is the son of Thomas and Sarah North-
cott. The parents were among the earliest settlers of Caradoc Town-
ship, and trace their lineage back to Jlnglish ancestors. William
Northcott came to Middlesex County in 1830, and settled at Port
Stanley. He then lived in Yarmouth Township for seven years, thea

946

IIISTOUY OF THE

a part of London District, which was composed of Elpin, Middlesex,
Lambton and Huron. Mr. Northcotu subseciuontly moved to Ciiradoc
Township, where he followed 'arming with his father. He was mar-

ried in 1S.")1 to Miss Eliza Adehide Mihell, born Marcl

I 27,

1S32,

near Sanlsbmy, England, and is tli3 daughter of Edward and Eliza-
beth Mihell, both of whom are natives of Wiltshire, England. They
came to this country when Mrs. Northcott was about one year old,
and located first in Little York (now Toronto) ; then the father took up
land near Hamilton. He subsefpiently moved to the City of London,
where he worket'. at the carpenter trade, although he had previously
been a tailor. He died in 1S83, and his wife in 1870. To Mr. and
Mrs. Northcott were born six children — Thomas A., Sarah H, William
E., Edward H., Mary E and llosilla M. Mr. Northcott is a lleforiner
in politics, and in his religious views inclines to the Quaker (.'lunch.

JOHN NUTKINS.

John Nutkins, builder and contractor, was born in Herefordshire,
England, May 2"), 1850, his parents being John and Hannah Nutkins.
Our subject resided in his native shire until fourteen or fifteen years of
age, then went to London and worked in a foundry until twenty year,s of
age, after which he came to Canada and settled in York County. "When
about twenty-two years of age he came to London, and since that time
has been working at his trade in the city and country, but for the i)ast
two years has been mostly engaged in the city. He has taken a deep
interest in all enterprises tending to benefit the city, and in 1884 was
elected a member of the Council of London East, and to the City
Council in 1886. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the L 0. 0. F.,
the A. O. F., the Sons of England and the Orangemen. In 1872 he was
married to Miss Elizabeth Bailey, of London, England, by whom lie
has six children — Margaret E., William J., Ernest, Anna K., Frederick
and John.

LEONARD ODELL.

Leonard Odell, farmer, Odell Post-office, is a member of an old
Canadian family of American origin. The founders of the family
after the American Revolution settled in Lower Canada, where they
founded Odelltown. John Odell, father of Leonard Odell, was born in
Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1789, and was but two years of age when
he was brought from New York State by his parents. When a young
man of twenty-two years of age, he came to Westminster Township
and took charge of Lot No. 25, 1st Concession, in 1811. The country
was an entire wilderness, and it was in the middle of winter. He was
with Capt. Joseph Odell and James Lester. They had a yoke of oxeu

that lived on
from the nea-
built a .shanty
and privatioii
realized by th
twenty-five ni
not a tree cut
settlers on the
Watson, in Is
daughter of Ni
Mary A., Lee
Hiiri'iet.

Mr. Odell
materially in c
game— bear, d(
1^12, and was
many years, an
and was an hoi
fatiier's fann, o
education, as sc
one thing was i
Odell was early
his father's farn
daughter of Ed
an active intere
and has been a
one of the orga
present at the f
He has taken i
school trustee fc
Boaid of Healt
Odell is Libera
his means, l
with the except
one time when
a fine represent!
Hi" is still hale
stands high in .
moral character
who was one y(
seven years of i

William Od
Dutch ance;

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

947

that lived on the tops of trees that winter. They bronglit a few slabs
from the nea -es' saw-mill, that was about Lwenty miles distant, and
built a shanty on Lot 23, then covered with heavy timber. The trials
aiul privations of the pioneer settlers are but little miderstood or
realized Ity the present generation. They were obliged to go about
twenty-five Tniles tt) mill, London being then a complete wilderness with
not ii tree cut on its i)resent site, and these three men were the first
settlers on the 1st Concession. This Concession was laid out by a Mr.
Watson, in 1810. In 1817, Mr. Odell mamed Miss Aimis GrilTeth,
daughter of Nathan Grill'eth, and to them were born these children : —
Mary A., Leonard, Eliza J., Priscilla, Enor L, John, Lymon, and
Harriet.

Mr. Odell was one of the pioneers of the county, and assisted
materially in clearing up the country, which at that time was full of
game — bear, deer, and wild turkey. He was a soldier in the War of
IS 12, and was a very hard-working man. He followed teaming for
many years, and made a comfortable home. He was well respected,
and was an honorable man. His son, Leonard Odell, was born on his
father's faim, on Lot 25,1st Concession, in 1819; secured but little
education, as school advantages were limited at that early date, but
one thing was not lacking, and thcat was muscular exercise, and young
Odell was early taught the use of the ax. He assisted in clearing off
his father's farm, and in March, 1850, he married Miss Jane Mihell,
daughter of Edward and Sarah (Dike) Mihell. Mr. Odell has taken
an active interest in fill matters relating to the good of the community,
and has been a member of the Church for many years. He was also
one of the organizers of the Westminster Fire Insurance Co., and was
present at the first meeting ; he was also one of the first members.
He has taken an active interest in educational affairs, and has been
school trustee for many years. He has also been connected with the
Board of Health, and was health inspector for a number of years, Mr.
Odell is Liberal in his views, and has assisted many good causes with
his means. He has always lived on his farm on the 1st Concession,
with the exception of a short time spent on the Pacific coast, and at
one time when he kept hotel. Mr. Odell is now 70 years of age, and
a fine representative of the old pioneer stock from whom he sprang.
He is still hale and hearty and able to do a good day's work. He
stands high in the community for his honesty, industry, aiid his good
mf)val character. He adopted a son, who was nameil Henry M. Odell,
who was one year old at the time of adoption, and who is now twenty-
seven years of age.

William Odell.

William Odell, P. M., merchant and farmer at l^elmont, Ontario, is
of Dutch ancestry, the founder of the family in America, having

94S

IIISTOltY OK THE

settled in Dutchess County, N. Y., where John Odell, the Rreat-fjrand-
father of William, was born in 1758. His wife, Eiior Scliriver, was also
born in that State, Feb. 17, 1701, and to their union a family often
children were born— William, Peter, Joshua S., All)ert S., John,
James, Piebecca (who married a Mr. Doty), Martha (wife of Ezra Grif-
fith, the fir.st tax collector of Westminster Townshiji), Hannali and
Loop. During the American Eevolution, John Odell was a Loyalist,
and left the State of New York shortly after 178"), and settled near
Montreal, Canada, where he passed the remainder of his days. All
his children, with the exception of Loop, who died in Lower Canada,
came to Westminster Town.ship, Ont., his son Albert S. beintj the fir.st
one to come. The latter arrived in IcSlO, and the remainder of the
family shortly after, his brother Joshua coming in 1811 and taking up
200 acres of land, on which he located and began clearing. After liv-
ing on this farm a few years, he sold ont, and in 1831 located in Lon-
don, where he kept a tavern on Dundas St., afterwards inncluising a
farm in Westminster Township, and moved to Belmont about 18:;4,
being one of the founders of that town. He was married to Miss
Cornelia Palen, by whom he became the father of ten children — -lulia
A., Kachel, Polly, Enor, Anna, Alvira, Kebecca, John G., Cornelius
and William H. The father of these children lived to be 77 years of
age, and died in 1863, having been a prosperous farmer and an honored
citizen throughout life. His son John G. Odell was born in Odell-
town in 1810, and was reared to a farm life. He man'ied Marian
Atkins, a Scotch lady, by whom he had eight children — William,
Peter, John, Cornelius, Allan, Heju'ietta, Agnes and Clara. Their
marriage took place in Michigan, after which they settled in Belmont,
and in 1841 began keeping an hotel, but sold out in liSoG and engaged
in farnung, which he continued until his death in 1876, at the age of
sixty-six years.

Mr. Odell was a prominent man in Belmont, and owned the land
where the town now stands ; and was one who took great pride in his
word, it being truly said of him that his word was as good as his bond.
He took great pains to instill princii)les of honor in the minds of his
children, and his memory is revered by his descendants. William
Odell, his son, and the immediate subject of this sketch, was born in
Belmont in 1841, and was there educated in the common schools, his
early days being also s})ent in tilling the soil and working in his
father's mercantile establishment, his partner being AVilliara Dyer;
but sold his interest in 1874, and has since been engaged in farming
and stock dealing, and has held the oilice of Postmaster of Belmont for
the past twenty years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a
Reformer in politics, has held the oflice of Deputy- Reeve for two years,
and Reeve two years, having been a member of the (Jounty Council
the same length of time. He is a representative and substantial
citizen of the county, and stands high in the estimation of all who
know him. He was married in 1870 to Miss Salina Cole, a daughter

of Joseph and
ami came to i
been blessed i
Salina, John
Church, of wh

Frederick i

Canada, in 182

Odell. TheO(

New York, and

Poughkeepsie, f

ried there, and

James, William

Sarah, Marietta

minster Townsli

Afterwards he r

died. He was i

ing, industrious

able jji'operty.

every lespect, ar

the age of 64 ye

years when he c

blacksmith trade

daughter of Hen

union resulted ir

Wyiett and two

L'hurch. Mr. 0(

tinns, and is a i

Lewis, daughter (

Tbe rest of the

misfortune to los

He was a yonnf

many intelligent'"

for his honesty ai

William L. 0(
American origin,
l»ni in Dutchess
settled at Odellvi
John Wilson, d
«rick Odell.) Wi

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

949

of Joseph and Anna (Maker) Cole, who were from Devonshire, England,
and came to America in 18152. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Odell has
been blessed in the birth of five children — Henrietta, William Henry,
Salina, John G. and Cecil C. — all of whom attend the Methodist
Church, of which Mr. and Mrs. Odell are members.

Frederick A. Odell.

Frederick A. Odell, blacksmith, at Nebstown, was born in Lower
Canada, in 1826, and is the son of William and Caroline (Wilson)
Odell. The Odells are from an American family from Pou'^hkeepsie,
New York, and are of German origin. William Odell was born in
PoHghkeepsie, and came when a younj^ man to Odelltown. He was mar-
ried there, and became the father of these children : — David, John H.,
James, William L., Frederick, Alfred, Adolphus, Johanna, Deborah,
Sarah, ^1 arietta and Amelia. In 18o7, Mr. Odell moved to West-
minster Township, and settled where the Warrior Hotel now stands.
Afterwards he resided in London, and tlien in Putnamville, where he
died. He was a member of the Methodist Chiu'ch, was a hard-work-
inj];, industrious citizen, and in his early days was a man of consider-
able property. He was a man who was ujrtiyht and honorable in
every respect, and had the esteem of all who knew him. He died at
the age of 64 years. His son, Frederick A. Odell, was a lad of eight
years when he came to this county with his father. He learned the
blacksmith trade in early life, and married Miss Fannie W. Keynolds,
daughter of Henry and Fannie (LaBodo) Reynolds, of Windsoi-. This
union resulted in the birth of six children — Henry, Gertrude, Nellie and
Myrett and two others. Mrs. Odell is a member of the ^Methodist
Church. Mr. Odell has always been prosperous in his business rela-
tions, and is a man of means. His sou HeTiry married Miss Lizzie
Lewis, daughter of George Lewis. Gertrude married Fiedorick Giles.
The rest of the family are at home. Mr. and Mrs, Odell had the
misfortune to lose one son, Frederick, at the age of twenty -two years.
He was a young man of unusual promise. ^Ir. Odell is one of the
many intelligent and enterprising citizens of the county, and is noted
for his honesty and integrity.

William L. Odell.

William L. Odell is the descendaut of an old Canadian family of
American origin, A. U. E. L. William Odell, father of subject, was
born in Dutchess County, New York. He came to Lower Canada,
settled at Odellville and here mamed Caroliiu! Wilson, daughter of
Jolui Wilson. (For further particulars of parents see sketch of Fred-
erick Odell.) William L. Odell, subject of sketch, was boru in Odell-

950

HISTOUY OF THE

town, Alarch 15, 1824, and was tliirteoii years of nf,'o wlioti lie movwl
with his father to this township. He received a connnou scliool
educjxtion, and in early life learned the occnimtion of a fanner. He
then learned thi; hlacksniith trade, at which ho worked for ten years,
ei<,'ht years in the City of London. Septemher li3, 1847, Ik; niarrii'(i
Miss Triscilla Odell, dauj,'hter of John and Annie ((Jriflith) Odell, and
to them were born six chihlren— Mary C, Amelia L, William K.,
John A., Mclviii L. and Fannie V. Mrs. Odell died March 1, IKuS,
and Mr. Odell married Kliza J. Odell, a sister of his first wife. One
child is the result of this union— Harriet E. About 1856, Mr. Odell
bought the property where he now resides, and built the Wafrior
Hotel, which he ran for many years, and which was one of the most
popular hotels in the township. Mr. Odell is a Mason of h\<j}\ stand-
ing ; beciime a member of the Lambets Lodge in 1870, and has taken
all the degrees in the Blue Lodge, having lield all the oflices, including
Master. Mr. Odell assisted in building the first bridge across the
Thames, the old Wellington liridge, and made the iron work for the
same. He has assisted greatly in the introduction of valuable stock,
and is one of the thorough-going business men of the day. His
family is one of the best known and oldest in the county, and their
descendants may well be proud of the honorable ancestry from which
they sprang. Grandfather John Odell was born February 19, 1758,
and was manied on the 17th day of February, 177!-*, to Miss Knor
Schriver, who was born February 17, 17(Jl. Their sons and daughters
are as follows : — William (who was born February 17, 1782), Peter
(born November 17, 178o), Johanna (born September 1, 1785), Albert
S. (born May 2G, 1787), John (born May 18, 1789), James (born July
19, 1791), Rebecca (born September 19, 1793), Martha (born January
15, 1796), Hannah (born April 1, 1798;, and Loo]) (born March 1,
1802). [The third child was given by William Odell as Joshua S.,
instead of .Johanna.]

A. W. Oliver.

A. W. Oliver, proprietor of the London Vinegar and Cider Works,
is a native of Canada, born in Brantford, July ol, 1851. The father,
"William Oliver, was a native of Scotland, and came to Canada in
1824, when eleven years of age; he was a farmer, and followed this
calling until his death in 1869. The name of his mother was Miss
Agnes McDugall, of Argyleshire, Scotland The subject of this sketch
was the seventh child in a family of thirteen. His early life until
sixteen years of age was .spent in agricultural pursuits. He then went
to Hamilton, where he commenced familiarizing himself with the
business to which he has since devoted his time. For two and a-ludf
years he was with B. C. E. Charlton, four years with William Wilson,
of Toronto, and three years with T. A. Lyttle, of the last-named place.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESK.X.

951

In thoao (lillureiit jiositidiia Mr. Oliver acquitted himself as a sales-
iniiii, as well as a inaimfiicturer, of ludie than ordinary lutirit, and it is
but vsiinply stalinj,' facts when we mention tiiat no man in Canada is
more familiar with all the details of the business or better aciiuainted
with the trade. In the sjirinj* of 1886 he came to London and
opened on his own account, and. although he had diflicultiea to en-
counter, he has perfectctl his machinery and ])rocess until now the
(juality of his product is unsurpa.s.sed in tiie Dominion, and his trado
extends from Ihitish Cuhnnbia on the we.st to Montreal on the east.
No man is more deserving the success that has so far attended his
efforts than Mr. Oliver.

Michael F. O'Mara.

Irks,
|her,
in
Ithis
Hiss
.'tch
mtil
/ent
the
[half
[sou,
lace.

Michael F. O'Mara is a pork and provision dealer, of London, Ont.
Anions; the many indu.stries of any city, few have so important bearing
in our commercial fabric as the reliable ]irovision dealer, contributing
as he does the very necessities of our daily life ; and among tlu! "oad-
iiig men in this line in London is the naine that heods this sketch. AF.
¥. O'IMara is a native of Iieland, and he was born in IHoo, and is the
sou of Andrew and Catherine (McManmis) O'Mara, both natives of
Tipperary County, Ireland. The family immigrated to America in 18G8,
and settled in London, Ontario, where the fatlier conducted a success-
ful business as a pork ])acker and general provision dealer, urit'l his
death in 1878. He left, besides his widow, two sons and four daugh-
ters. The business was continued by the two sons, Michael and John
M., until the death of the latter in 1886. Since that date the subject
of this sketch has conducted the business with signal success. He
has been reared to the business, and has had valuable experience for
one of his years, both in London and in the States, having spent some
time in St. Louis, ]\Io., and is thoroughly familiar with all the duties
of his calling. Misplaces of business on Dundas street and in the
" Market liazaar " are models of neatness, and always well supi)lied
with the best mesit in their line that the market allords. He cures
his own hams and bacon, renders his own lard, and makes Us own
sausages. The success, which is his, has been achieved by unceasing
industry, through the jiossession of good business insight, and not a
little through tlie esteem in which he is held by the business public;
and he has what all men court, the confidence of those with whom he
has dealings.

Stephen O'Meara.

The perseverance and continuous eflbrt which are necessary to
success in life are among the possessions of Mr. O'Meara, who has, by

952

HISTOIIY OF THE

liis own Worth, iittiviiied an onviiiblo position in the (>stinmtifm of his
fellow-nuMi. He was horn in tin- County of TiiUMM-iiry, Ireiiiiid, in
1832, his jmrents, Patrick and Ivathcrino (llomi) O'Mcara, bfinf» also
natives of tho " Knierahl Isle." They woro farmers throujjhout hft;,
and became the parents of nine chihlren ; and in 1847, thinking,' tiiey
could better th((ir condition, came to Canada, where they resided until
their respective deaths. Stephen is their seventh child, and luitil
nbout fifteen /ears of a<,'e resided in his native county, and after coniiiij,'
to Canada assisted his father on the farm. He was subs(Miueutly
en},'aged in constructin;.' a j,Mavel road in Huron County, and with other
jmrties had a contract for constructing' six miles of the Grand Trunk
l{ailway between Port Huron and Detroit. In LS.Sl he was nominated
by the voters of the Second Ward to the City ( ouncil, and was also
elected Alderman, a jtosition he has filled continuously up to the
present time, with tiie exception of one year, when he refused to serve.
He has always been imbued with an earnest desire to do his best in
all his nndertakini^s, and that he has been successful is shown by the
resjiect and esteem in which he is held by all who know him. In l.SliU
he was married to Miss Mary Loughncn, who was also born in Ireland,
and their union has been blessed in the birth of six children — Patrick,
Mary, Katie, -lohn, Maigaret and Ellis.

J. D. O'Neil, V.S.

To establish a good rejnitation and to secure success in life, it is
necessary to be possessed of merit, energy and deternrination, and Dr.
O'Neil may be truly said to jiossess these retjuisites. Tho family was
first rejiresented in Middlesex County by the great-grandfather O'Neil,
who settled with his family in this township. His son, William,
became the father of Henry D., the father of .1. D. O'Neil, who.se name
heads this sketch. Henry D. O'Neil was l)orn in London Township
in 182.!, and was reared to manhood on a farm. He became promi-
nently connected with the county and held the position of reeve, and
was a member of the County (.'ouncil for twelve successive years, and
is now residing on the farm on which his ancestors settled on first
coming to the country. He was married to ]\Iiss Elizabeth Deacon,
also one of the representatives of the pioneer families of the country,
and J. D. O'Neil is their second child, in a family of seven children.
He was reared to a farm life, but also prepared himself for teaching
school, which he followed for some time. Having formed a tasta for
veterinary surgery, he began studying that profession, and afterwards
entered the Ontario Veteiinary College, of Toronto, from which insti-
tution he graduated in 1<S7;>. He commenced practicing in Lontlon,
and gives his attention to healing all domestic animals. He is con-
sidered a skillful and able practitioner, and am be thoroughly relied
upon in cases of emergency. He has spared no pains to become pro-

fif^iont in hii

lesnlt.s in di

interest he ha

Fsi's, and he

<if horses thrc

vtiry coinplett

coiuitry. In

Hodgen.s. SI,

fif four childi

deceased, his 1;

O'Neil is a me

John W.

I'^No, and is a

L<'iidoii Townsl

His parents, Th

and in their ear

wilderness. Tli

wiiom our snbj(

(lining his yont

misiiiess which

tinic ho lias be(

•y^.v, I87.S. he V

umigliter of Wil

'"^'i' iind .Mr,s.

"lid are adiierent

111 politics Mr.

I'ennanent si
well-lcriown laws,
to Secure a lastii'i
Oronhyatekha haj
sional career, nca
fie^ and tin's is a
position which he
in lirant County, (
10. 1841, and is a
from New York
settle.! at tJie abov.
among hi.s own pec
Plication in the

COUNTY OK MIDULESKX.

953

firiiMit ill liis ))rof(>ssion, and bonds all his ener<>iofl to attain fjood
ivsult.s in dinioult casos. Much credit should bo jjivcn hini for tiie
interest ho has takun in iniportinj» tl'.orouj^hbred horsoa for stock y>ur-
jiosca, and ho has d( iic more than liis share in raising tho standard
(if hoisos throughout Liiis section, and his infirmary and stables are
viiv coinploto and worthy tho inspection of every horse owner in the
country. In 1870 he married Miss Sarah Jane, daughter of Edward
Hoiijjons. She was born in Middlesex County, and became tho mother
of four children — Katie, Clara, Harry and Ernest. The latter ig
dt'ccaMMl, his l)ein<; tlie tirst deatli in the family for many years. Dr.
O'Neil is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and I. 0. of Foresters.

John W. Orme.

John W. Orme, editor of T}w, Enterin'lse, which was estivblished in
1SS3, and is a weekly ))ai)er, published every Thursday, is a native of
Lfiiidou Tiiwnsliip, Midillcsex County, and was born June 10, 1S57.
His ])arents, Thomas and Maria (Huf^hesj Orme, were born in Ireland,
and in their early yotith came to Canada when the country was a vast
wilderness. They had a family of five sous and three daughters, of
wlioni our subject is the youngest. He received a good education
(luring his youth, and in 1S77 established himself in the mercantile
busini'.ss which he successfully carried on for five years, since which
tinic he has been engaged in conducting the above-named pai)er. In
May, 187S. he was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Hodgins. a
daughter of William Hodgins. (See sketch of Charles C. Hodgins.)
Mr. und Mrs. Orme have a family of three sons and two daughters,
and are adherents of the Methodist and English Churches respectively.
In politics Mr. Orme is Conservative.

Doctor Oronhya tekha .

Permanent success in any calling in life is always regulated by
well-known law.s, dependent upon natural causes, and no one can hoi)e
to secure a lasting reputation for success without merit. That Dr.
Oronhyatekha has made himself eminently successful in his profes-
sional career, nearly twenty years' constant ])ractice abundantly testi-
k% and this is amply corroborated by his fellow brethren, and the
jiosition which he occupies in the city of his adoption. He was born
in Brant County, Ont., on the Six Nations' Indian Reservation, August
10, 1841, and is a son of a full-blooded Mohawk Indian, who removed
from New York State shortly after the Hevolutionary War, and
settleil at the above-mentioned place. His childhood days were spent
among his own people, and at ten years of age he began his English
education in the Indian Industrial School near Brantford, established

954

IIISTOHY OF THE

for the training of young Indians. He remained here fonr and a-lialf
years, and was taugl": the shoemaker's trade in addition to tlie riidi-
nients of English. H„ then left home and went to the Weslevau
Academy, at VVilbraham, Mass. Here he sui)])orted himself wiiile
pursuing his studies, and during the last year at the Academy he re-
ceived the ma.ximum number of marks in all his classes. At the end
of two years he returned to his home, taught school among the Indians
for a year, and then entered the preparatory department of K(!nvon
College, at (Jambier, Ohio. In this institution he succeeded in taking
the two years' preparatory course in one, and matriculated into college
at the end of tiie first year, where he remained as a .student three
years. He afterwarils studied at Toronto University, ajid was also for
some time a student at St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford IJniversity, ]'>nglaiul.

When the Prince of Wales visited Canada in 18(10, Oronliyatekiia
was selected by the chiefs of the Six Nations to present an address to
the son of their " Great Mother." It was owing to the impression he
made on this occasion that he received the invitation to go to Oxford
to continue his studies. On his arrival at that ancient seat of learn-
ing he was placed under the care of Dr. Acland, the I'rince's physician
and Kegius Professor of Medicine in Oxford University. He began
his career as a j)hysician at Frankford, Canada, where he soon acquired
a large j^'actice, and at the organization of the Hastings County
Medical Association was elected its first secretary, a post which he held
until he removed to Stratford. On his leaving Frankford, he was
presented by his friends with an address and a gold watch. During
his residence in Stratford he took a prominent part in jiolitics, and in
1(S72 took the stump for the Conservative candidate, and by his
organizing powers secured the success of his party and the defeat of
the sitting member. Shortly afterwards he was appointed Consulting
Physician to the Mohawk Indians on the Bay of Quinte, but resigned
the position in 1874. One year later he took up his abode in London,
Canada, where he resided and practiced his profession till within a few
months ago, when in the interests of the Independent Order of Foresters,
of which he is the head, he removed to Toronto. He was, on I is re-
moval to London, ajipointed Consulting Physician to the Oneida
Indians, a post which he still holds, in addition to an extensive
practice.

Dr. Oronhyatekha was married to Miss Ellen Hill, of the Mohawk
tribe, a great grand-daughter of the celebrated ]\Iohawk chief Captain
Joseph Brant. They have a son and daughter, the son being named
Acland, after his father's old friend and tutor, Di'. Acland, of Oxford,
and is a student in Queen's University. The Doctor is a true Indian,
and is very proud of his race. He has never allowed his connection
with his tribe to be impaired, and at home in his own family the
Mohawk language is always used. The Doctor was elected President
of the Grand Council of Chiefs of Canada in 1874. The Canadian
Indians are thoroughly loyal, and Dr. Oronhyatekha, while in Toronto

University,
University
Kaid of 18G
team from Cf
tion with G
that period h
times, and is
(irand Counc
tion to that o
He is promi
Orange Assoc
Imperial Trie
addressed a n
Kingdom,
some days at
tlie Imperial .
JIason and a
Koyal and Or
of Foresters 1.
one of tlie st:
organized, seve
foiu' hundred,
April last then
with all claims
ters have not
repeatedly elect
and at tlie last
voted .S2,000 as
placed his salai
gold watch.

After comin
tion, and his su(
nients haN-e beei
of nervous disea
reputation of su:
followed his pra^
physician; and
lie brings a mint
ence which othei
self of the late
thoroughly poste
fessionally, but a
lias become well

This gentlenii
lather, Kohinsou

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

955

University, joined the volunteer force, and was on active duty in the
University Eifle Coinjiauy of the Queen's Own durino; tlie Fenian
Itaiil of 1866. He was also a member of the first Wimbledon rifle
team from Canada, where he won nine ])rizes. The Doctor's connec-
tion with Good Teinplary has extended over thirty years. During
that period he has been Grand Chief Templar of liis Grand Lodge four
times, and is now filling, for the third tune, the post of Kight Worthy
Grand (Councillor, the second highest office in the Order, and in addi-
tion to that office he is Superintendent of Missions for North America.
He is ])roniinently associated with other societies, notably the Loyal
Orange Association. He was one of the Canadian delegates to the
Imperial Triennial Council when it met in Glasgow, Scotland, and
addressed a number of ma.ss meetings in ditferent towns of the United
Kingdom. He was made a " 'Prentice Boy " in Derry, and was for
some days at Florence Court, as a guest of the Earl of Enniskillen,
tlie Imjierial Grand Master of the Order. He is a thirty-third degree
Mason and a Past Grand Master General and Grand Lecturer of the
Pvoyal and Oriental Masomy. At the head of the Indejiendent Order
of Foresters he has, by his energy and perseverance, made that Society
one of the strongest in the Dominion of Canada. When it was
organized, seven and a-half years ivgo, the membership was less than
four hundred, while the debt was over S4,()00. On the first of
A])ril la.st there was in the treasury a surjdus over .Slo5,000 in cash,
with all claims paid. The members of the Independent Order of Fores-
ters have not been slow in recognizing his services. They have
repeatedly elected him unanimously to tlie highest office in their gift,
and at the last ainiual session of the Supreme Court the representatives
voted .S2,000 as some recognition of his services for the past year, and
placed his salary at §2,500, besides having given him a magnificent
gold watch.

After coming to London the doctor at once took a prominent posi-
tion, and his success has been assured i'rom the first, for no discourage-
ments haN'e been allowed to impede his progress. In the treatment
of nervous diseases, and of the throat and lungs, he has built up a
reputation of surjirising magnitude, and the pleasant results that have
followed his practice warmly testify to his ability and popularity as a
physician ; and to his natural qualifications as a medical practitioner
lie brings a mind well stored with medical learning, and an experi-
ence which others might well desire. A clever student, he avails him-
self of the latest and most popular works of medicine, keeping
thoro\ighly posted with the progress of this science. Not only pro-
fe.ssionally, but as a citizen, in both private and public circles, the doctor
has become well and favorably known.

Thomas Ore.

This gentleman was born in Loudon, Canada, June 6, 1850. His
father, Robinson Orr, was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, and

:■' "ml

956

HISTORY OF THE

was there reared to manhood. In youth he leanieil the waijL'on-
maker's trade, and in 1845 immigrated to Canada and Im.ited at
London, wliere he followed his chosen occupation. He married Miss
Ann Glass, a daughter of Alatthew Glass, one of the pioneers and
prominent men of London Township. To this maniage were born
seven children, of whom only Pve are now living — Margaret (wife of
William Kooke), Thomas, Mary (wife of William Davis, now living in
Michigan), Kachel (wife of Alfred Ban-ett. of Parkhill), and liobinson
J. In early life Robinson Orr was prominent in ])olitical matters, and
served in the City Council. He took great and active interest in
church matters and was a member of the old " Kirk," and the first
money paid into the society for the church building was by him. He
died in 1872, and his widow followed him on Easter Sunday, 1888.
Their son Thomas was reared and educated in London, and is thus
wholly a product of home institutions and conditions. He comnienceil
his business life as a paper carrier, and steadily arose through all tiie
grades of jjromotion, learning in all its multifarious details the practi-
cal workings of the printer's art. In liS78 he was appointed to his
present position. It is a pleasure of the editor of this volume to
testify as to the fitness of Mr. Orr for his position. After niauv
months of intimate business relations, the courtesy, urbanity, honesty,
intelligence and conscientious care of Mr. Orr have inspired in the
entire historic force sentiments of the warmest friendship and the
highest respect. It is unusual to find a business man so uniformly
aHable and considerate as Mr. Orr. In March, 188('i, he was united
in man'iage with Miss Lizzie Bowey, of London, who has presented
him with two sons, liobinson T. and James B.

Dr. G. F. Palmer.

Dr. G. F. Talmer, physician and surgeon, of London, Ontario, was
born in India, November 25, 1862, and is the son of Kdward ('.
Palmer, a native of England, and a Civil Engineer. The mother,
whose maiden name was Georgiana Bucke, was a native of England,
and a sister of Dr. Bucke, of London, Ontario. They were the parents
of five children. Dr. Palmer being the third son and child. He was
reared in India until eight years of age, and then went to England
with his parents, living there until he was nineteen years of age, his
time being fully occupied in attending school. He then crossed the
ocean to America and settled at Montreal, Canada, where he puisued
his medical studies, and was graduated from McGill University in
1885. He removed to London, Ontario, in 1887, but previous to this,
for two years, he had practiced his profession and met with good suc-
cess. He is a close student, a deep thinker and reasoner, and is a
young man of unusual promise. He makes a specialty of nervous
diseases, being very fortunate in the treatment of the same.

">■

A. Parfi

boots, shoes,

:;'■",■

son of Thor

occupation.

Canada, and

miole, F. 0.

tinued until

business, anc

■>■;■'

tlie sju'ing of

a native of

families of th

this work. ']

''A

tliree sons anc

opmions, and

Gavin Pai

winter, and oiu

of Glasgow, S(

educated in his

fourth son in

(Sliaw) Park, U

father was a w]

to London, whe

;« 1873, Gavi,

built up an ei

He was marrioi

ill-. Park handl(

quality of his h;

'i»d sausages of

"le equal of any

tion for the qual

ofthelioyalCJa

E. Jones Pari
Jiiive, builder at
Jreland. The Jat
to London, and re
"■e'ltsoftheProA
lailiamentof Cai

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

957

A. Parfitt.

A. Parfitt, mevchaiit at Delaware, and dealer iu dry goods, groceries,
boots, shoes, etc., was born in Hampshire, England, in 1S46, and is the
son of Thomas and Ann (jMelmouth) I'arfitt, the father a brewer by
occupation. In 186r>, the subject of this sketch crossed the ocean to
Canada, and located at Delaware, where he engaged clerking for Jiis
uncle, F. C. Rogers, who was in business at that ]ilace. Here he con-
tinued until 1871, when he purchased the exclusive control of the
business, and has since been actively engaged in this occupation, in
the spring of 1871 he was united in marriage with Miss H. Lockwood,
a native of Delaware, and a descendant of one of the oldest pioneer
families of the county, of whom an extensive notice will be given in
this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Parfitt have been born four children,
three sons and a daughter. Mr. Parfitt is Conservative in his political
opinions, and is a member of the Church of England.

Gavin Park.

Gavin Park, dealer and curer of meats, for both summer and
winter, and one of the leading men in his line in the city, is a native
of Glasgow, Scotland, born October 17, 1852. He was reared and
educated in his native country, and came here in 1871. He is the
fourth son in a family of eight children born to John and Janet
(Shaw) Park, both of whom were natives of Lanarkshire, Scotland. The
father was a wholesale grocer in his native country, and in 1871 came
to London, where he has given special attention to the curing of meats.
In 1873, Gavin Park commenced business for him.self, and he has
built up an enviable reputation for honesty, care and fair dealing.
He was married in 188G to Miss Eva McArthur, a native of Seaforth.
Mr. Park handles large quantities of dressed pork, and the superior
quality of his hams, breakfiist bacon, both summer and winter cured,
and sausages of his own manufacture, lard of his own rendering, are
the equal of any to be found in the market, and have a wide reputa-
tion for the quality and flavor of the product. Mr. Park is a member
of the Eoyal Clan, of A. 0. Foresters and St. Andrew's Society.

E. Jones Parke, Q. C.

E. Jones Parke, Q. C, London, is the eldest son of the late Thomas
Pavke, builder and architect, and native of the County of Wicklow,
Ireland. The latter came to Toronto about 1819, and in 1828 came
to London, and represented Middlesex County in the two last Parlia-
ments of the Province of Upper Canada, and after the union in the
I'arliament of Canada. He was Surveyor-Geueral in the Lafontaine-

958

niSTOUV OF THE

Baldwin Administration, and in his jjolitioal views was an advanced
Liberal, advocating, tlirongh tlie ] press and in Parliament, the introduc-
tion of responsible government, mnnicipal institutions, jjublic schools,
free grants of land to actual settlers and the secularization of the clergy
reserves. He was the editor of the Canada Inquirer and a frequent
contributor to other journals. He earnestly su])]iorted Lord Syden-
ham's efforts for the union of Upper and Lower Canada, and was
largely instrumental in securing the consent of the Upjier Canada
Legislatnie to tlie measure, lie died at St. Catherines, January 29,
18()4. His son, E. Jones Parke, was born at York, November 1, l,S2o,
and was educated at the London District Grammar School, under
Francis H. Wright, M. A., of Trinity College, Dublin, who was head
master. He then began the study of law in the office of Sir John A.
Macdonald and Sir Alexander Cam])bell in Kingston, and afterwards
.studied for a year in the office of Hon. John Wilson in London. He
was admitted to the Bar in 1847, and began ]iracticing his profession
in Woodstock in partnership with the late Thomas Scatcherd, Q. C,
M. P., but in 1852 the partnershij) was dissolved and Mr. Parke
returned to London, where he has since practiced, residing, since 1858,
in the Township of Westminster. For a sliort time he was also in
piirtnership with his brother and student, F^dward 1)., who died July
12, 18GS. Another brother, Tlionias Parke, barrister, was distinguish-
ed for his high legal and literary attaimnents, and died at the home of
F: Jones Parke, July 31, 1885.

Mr. Parke was married on the 4th of February, 18()',>, to Mary
Helen, a daughter of George South wick, M. D., of St. Thomas, and an
€;c-M. P. for the F^ast Riding of F^lgin. Her grandfather, Elias .NFoore,
M.P., of the Townshij) of Yarmouth, was a colleague of 'J'liomas Parke
in 18;>4 in representing the County of Middlesex. Mr. Parke is
solicitor for several large financial institutions, and was one of the
])romoters of, and obtained the charter for, the London & Port Stanley
Kailroad, and has been solicitor for the com])any since its incorporation.
Fie is also solicitor for the Corporation of the County of Middlesex,
having succeeded Judge FZlliot on his elevation to the liench. He
was on two occasions appointed Deputy Judge, and acted in this
capacity several times during the absence of Judge Small. He is
Police Magistrate for the City of London, also holding the office of
Vice-President of the Law Association of the county. In politics he
is a Liberal. Mr. Parke is senior partner in the firm of Parke &
Purdom.

Frank Parker.

F>ank Parker, Treasurer of Adelaide Township, and a successful
farmer, was born in England, March 7, 1845, and is the son of Edwin
and Caroline (Cuudick) Parker, both natives of England, born 1821 and

1823 respecti'

Adelaide villa

smith, for mai

County of Lai

seven of wlion

tioii, and in e

fatiier as villa^

and at whicli \

sod on liis pr,

wliich consists

lueiits in 1885

is entirely due

elected Treasur.

to the satisfacti(

beth Hodgson, i

died January 3]

1««9 ; Fred., boi

in politics, and ]

He is one of the

"ot less than 3l«

Edward Parn
energetic busines,
'" 5859. His ft
maiden name was
■subject was rearei
''J Canada. He e
;ind subsequently
l^i'siness for hiin^
capacity from tini.
assumed its presei
don- Henotonh
fess with the surr
best material in tli
l.^ajity of his bal
circle of customer
makes a specialty c
has'nade a success
«ertion, enterprise
"ess of which other-
'ng of mention as a
'"'erest in aU e„ter
"'"ity and educti
<" the London Soi

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

959

1823 respectively. The family came to Canada about 1855, settled in
Adelaide village, and here the father followed his trade, that of black-
smith, for many years. He is still living, and is a resident of the
County of Lambton. Frank Parker is the second of eight children,
seven of whom are now living. He received a good practical educa-
tion, and in early life learned the blacksmith trade, succeeding his
fatiier as village blacksmith, which trade; he carried on for eleven years,
and at which he was very successful. In IS 77 he began tilling the
soil on his present farm, which is located at Adelaide Village, and
which consists of 200 acres of well-improved land. He made improve-
ments in 1885 at a cost of not less than .^3,000, and his success in life
is entirely due to his own energy and enterprise. In 1881 he was
elected Treasurer of Adelaide Township, and now holds that position
to the satisfaction of all concerned. In 1868 he married Miss EUza-
beth Hodgson, who was born in Westminster Township in 1844, and
died January 31, 1889, and who bore him three children — Annie, born
18G9 ; Fred., born 1879, and Maude, born 1882. Mr. Parker is Liberal
in politics, and he and wife are members of the Church of England.
He is one of the prominent men of Adelaide Township, and is worth
not less than S15,000.

Edward Parnell, Jr.

Edward Parnell, jr., proprietor of St. James's Park Bakeiy, and an
energetic business man of London, Ont, was born in Dover, England,
in 1859. His father, Edward Parnell, sr., and his mother, whose
maiden name was Mary A. Furner, were both of English birth. Our
subject was reared in England until 1808, when the family immigrated
to Canada. He early became acquainted with the bakery business,
and subsequently gave it his whole attention. In 1882 he commenced
business for himself on a small scale, and has since increased his
capacity from time to time as trade demanded, until his business has
assumed its present proportion, and is the largCvSt in this line in Lon-
don. He not only has a large city trade, but does an extensive busi-
ness with the surrounding towns in the country. He uses only the
best material in the manufacture of his production, and, as a result, the
quality of his baking has gained for him the confidence of a large
circle of customfvs^ and his trade is a steadily increasing one. He
makes a specialty of Vienna bread, and is the only one in the city who
has made a success of that branch of the trade. As a result of his own
exertion, enterprise and ability, he has laid the foundation of a busi-
ness of which others may well be envious. Mr. Parnell is also deserv-
ing of mention as a public spirited citizen, having always taken a deep
interest in all enterprises tending toward the advancement of his com-
munity and educational mattei's, being at the present time a member
of the London South School Board. In 1880 he contested for the
eo

960

HISTORY OF THE

reeveship against Eeeve Coughlin, a veteran in political niatters, siud
waa defeated, though by a small majority. In 187H, Mr. I'anicU mar-
ried Miss Jane llarwood, a native of riymoiith. Five children have
been born to them — Matilda, Frederick, William, Ethel, and Pearl.
Mr, Parnell is a member of the Sons of England, and the Koyal
Arcanum.

E. Parsons.

E. Parsons, one of the well-known and enterprising citizens of the
Third Concession of Delaware Township, is a son of ThoTuas and Aim
Parsons, E, Parsons was born hi Union, Canada, June 1, 1855. His
parents were both natives of Devonshire, England, and came to
Canada about thirty-eight yefirs ago. They landed at St. Thomas, but
moved from there to Delaware Township in I8t.)2. Their son, E.
Parsons, was reared in Delaware Township, and was there married
to Miss Jane McFarlane, a native of Delaware Township, in 1.S75.
This union has been blessed by the birth of five interesting children,
all boys. In 1877, ^Ir. Parsons purchased his present farm, which
consists of .'300 acres of excellent land, Third and Fourth Concessions,
and the same year moved on his property. He is a member of the
Presbyterian Church, and is Conservative in politics.

Elnathan Parsons.

Elnathan Parsons, a builder by trade, was born in Devonshire, Eng-
land, in February, 1857, and is a son of Elnathan and Grace (Trick)
Parsons, who were of English birth, the father having been a shoe-
maker by trade. Our subject resided in his native land until 18(39,
when he immigrated to Canada, and, in 1871, commenced woikiiig at
the bricklayer's trade, and subsequently became a partner of James S.
Luney, which connection existed until 1888, since which time Mr.
Parsons has conducted the business for himself. He is one of the
most skillful and experienced builders in Ontario, and his ability and
workmanship in the construction of the finest and most difficult build-
ings in the city are in constant demand. In company with Mr. Lmiey
he constructed the following buildings : — Knox Church ; Reid Broliiers'
building; bu.siness houses of Robinson & Little, liurns & tlreeii,
Struthers & Anderson, and A. E. Pavey & Co. ; Granite Pdock, York
street; Collins' Hall, London West; Hamilton Road Public School
building; residence of George C. Gibbons. On his own account lie
constructed the following ; — London West Schoolhouse addition ;
changes and improvements in the hotel building, corner of Talbot and
Carling streets ; and is at present at work on ^lasuret's fine residence,
and on an addition to the Street Car stables. He also conducts a

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

961

liiikory, which is thoroii<,'hly equipped with all necessary appliances,
ami the quality of his product will equal that of any similar establish-
ment of the kind iji Ontario. This business has been conducted under
his mana<;ement for five years with very satisfactory results. In
March, lcS77, Mr. Parsons was married to Mr. Sarah Secconibe, daugh-
ter of the late Richard Seccombe. She was born in Devonshire,
Engliind, and by Mr. Parsons is the mother of three children — AUxnt
E. E., Frank S., and Alice Maud Mary. Mr. Parsons's property has
been acquired by his own exertions, and he is one of the wide-awake
and enterprising business men of the city.

Abram Patrick.

Abrara Patrick, farmer at Lambeth, is a descendant of one of the
oldest families in the Townshij), and the son of Abraham Patrick, who
was born in Schoharie County, New York. In LS09 the father came
to Westminster Township, traveling through from Niagara. At that
time there was nothing but an Indian trail, and he swam rivers and
creeks, frequently mired his horse, and had a very tedious journey.
He arrived finally at Byron, where he found Archie McMillan keeping
a tavern, and a few other old settlers engaged in diii'erent occupations.
He went to Col. Talbot and told him that he wanted some land. The
Colonel said he had no land for him. ^Ir. Patrick replied that he had
plenty. Col. Talbot then laughed, and asked him where he wanted his
land. Mr, Patrick selected Lot 71, Range 4. He then returned to
Niagara, where he had left his family, consisting of his wife, Lucy
Guernsey, and twelve children — Betsy, Polly, Hannah, John, Richard,
Peter, George, Lucinda, Susan, David, Abram and James. He then
returned to Westminster Township in 1811 and settled on his land,
consisting of 200 acres. The North Talbot was then a blind trail, and
Mr. Patrick cut the road out from Lambeth to Byron. He was the
third settler near Lambeth. He was in the war of 1812, and left his
wife with her little children. On one occasion Mrs. Patrick went after
the cows, and found a big Indian driving her cows up the creek. She
promptly turned them towards home to the great sm'priso of the In-
dian, who, however, did not molest her. That night he killed two
cows for a neighbor. After the war, Mr. Patrick cleared his land, and
built up a home in the wilderness. He went to mill at Delaware
later, but when first coming to the country he pounded his corn in a
mortar. Mr. Patrick was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and
his house was often used as a meeting-house. He was a great hunter,
and killed a great many wild animals. He lived to be eighty-three
years of age. His wife lived be 101 years ten months and twenty-
two days old. Their son, Abr: ,i Patrick, was born in 181'J on the old
homestead, where he still resuies. He grew to manhood in the wilder-
ness, and early learned the tise of the gun and ax. The early settlers

; II.

!■ !!i

9G2

HISTOUV OF TEIE

were little given to style, but they were kind and hospitable. They
spun their own cloth for their clothing, and altluiugh they were not
blessed with the luxuries of to-day, they were contented and \m])])y.
Mv. Patrick married Miss Sarah Vail, daughter of Stephen and Katie
(Jones) Vail, and to this union were born nine children — George N.,
Ezra, Matilda, Malinda, Maggie, James, Rose, Hiram, Lanie. "After
marriage, Mr. Patrick settled down on the old homestead, where he has
always lived. He has witnessed the wonderful improvement of the
Townshij), and takes an active part in the same. He was ciiUed out in
the Canadian Kebellion, is a Reformer in politics and a man of liberal
views on all subjects of importance. He is a member of the Methodist
Church.

John Patrick.

John Patrick is prominent among the successful agriculturists of
the county, and among those deserving special recognition for their long
residence in this county, being a member of one of the earliest families.
He is the son of Abraham and Lucy (Guernsey) Patrick, whose sketch
appears in that of David and Abram Patrick. John Patrick was born
in Schoharie, New York, in 1807, and came with his parents to Canada
in 1811. He grew up in the wilderness, and was early inured to hard
labor. He was very fond of hunting, was a first-class shot, and at one
time killed a deer and very large bear the same day. He married
Miss Roxanna Thorp, daughter of Ransom and Huldah (Brunsom)
Thorp. The Thorps were from New York State. To Mr. and Mrs.
Patrick were born ten children — Eva, Ransom, Malissa, George W.,
John, Cordelia, Samuel, Emily, Mary and James. After marriage Mr.
Patrick settled down on his present farm, where he has since remaineil.
This farm is situated on Lot 73 west. North Talbot Road. Mr. Patrick
has always been a hard-working, industrious citizen, and one of tlie
old pioneer citizens who are now so rapidly passing away. He has
reared a large family of children, and says that the ])resent generation
can hardly realize the hardships and privations endured by the early
settlers. They often suffered for food, and had the game not been
so plentiful, they would have suffered much more. The old scttlei's
made moccasins of deer skin, and clothing also of skins, which the
Indians generally dressed. According to Mr. Patrick, a Scotchman
and trader named Peter McGi'egor built the first log house in London,
on the corner where the American Hotel now stands.

DAVID Patrick.

David Patrick is a descendant of one of the oldest pioneer ftiniilies
of American origin and Irish descent. Abraham Patrick, father of

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

963

IClv

the

uis

itiou

kIou,

subject, was born in Scliolmrie County, N. Y., on a farm, March 4,
177'), and married Miss I.ucy Guernsey, of New York State. They
became the ])arent3 of twelve children — Betsy, Polly, Hannah, John,
Kichard, Peter, (leorj^e, Lucinda, Susan, David, Abram and James.
Mr. Patrick emif;rate«.l to Niagara in 1809, and there resided for two
years. In 1<S()9 he went to Westminster Township, and located on
the North Talbot road, where the post-office now stands at Lambeth —
Lot 71 west. Ho was the first settler fit that place, his nearest neigh-
bors being at Pyron, foiu- miles away, where a family by the name of
McMullins resided. The entire country was a wilderness, and Mr.
Patrick followed a trail on what is now the North Tiilbot road, from
Colonel Talbot'.s residence. He brought his family in 1811, cleared his
land and built a log house, the first at Lambeth. He was called out
in the war of 1812, but it is not known wliether he was in any engage-
ment or not. Himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church,
but, there being no church of that denomination, he attended the
Methodist Church, and gave the land on which that church was built.
He was a Reformer in politics. He was a great hunter in his day,
and many a deer, bear and wolf have fallen victims to his unerring
rifle. On one occasion he and his sons killed an old she bear .and
three cubs, he shooting the old bear from his door. Mr. Patrick was
honest and industrious, and was the owner of 250 acres of land, with
good buildings, etc. He died in 1858, at the age of nearly eighty-four
years. His wife died in 187."), at the age of nearly 102 years, and lived
with her son David the latter part of her life.

David Patrick was born on the old homestead at Lambeth in 1818,
and had but little chance to get an education, a school being taught by
Calvin Burch, whose sketch appears in that of D. Burley Burch. Mr.
Patrick grew up in the wilderness, and early in life learned the use of
the ax and the rifle. He was an expert hunter, has killed many wild
animals, and has recently killed deer in Lambton County. He married
Miss Ehzabeth Murrell, and to their union was born one child —
Cliarles. After marriage, Mr. Patrick settled on his present farm on
the North Talbot road, Lot 72 east. He is a member of the Methodist
Chm'ch. He was yet a young fellow when the Canadian Rebellion
broke out. He has always taken an interest in the cause of education
and in the good of the schools. He has filled the office of School
Trustee, has been successful financially, and can now live at his ease.
His son Charles is now living with him on the farm.

A. E. PAVE7 & Co.

lilies
er of

In presenting for the consideration of our readers historical reviews
of the industries and commercial enterprises of this section, it is neces-
sary and important to select representative institutions and establish-
ments, and consider more particularly those whose successes have made

964

HISTOUY OK THE

thorn cons])icU()nsancl oainwl for tlio ])ro])vietor.s positions prominent in
tilt! nicrciintilo history of the city, tho cliiinicter of business men bein<,'
often meiisured by tlioir success, retlectin<,' in a certain ratio the credit
anil reputation of tho community of which they arc members. Tlio
general mercantile interest of this, or, in fact, any country, is one of the
most important factors in the "general make-up, and exercises an influ-
ence not out-measured by any other branch of trade. Amou;,' tho
woll-kuown and deservedly successful merchants of London is A. E.
Pavey & Co., dealer in fine woollens, tailor's trimming's and j^ents'
furnishin<i; goods. The business was established in 1.S77, ami the
house ranks high as the leading establishment in this lino in the city,
a jiosition to which they are justly entitled and freely accorded froia
their large patronage and the magnitude of their stock. Associated
with Mr. Pavey is F. A. Fitzgi^rald, a man of largo business cajjacity
and well known throughout the I'rovince, and also Mr. N. S. Williams.
The stock of the house is not only large but well selected, and embraces
the finest i)roducts of the most rejiutable looms of England and of
domestic matnifacture. Great care is exercised to meet the wants of
patrijn.s, and being familiar with the wants and re(|uirements of the
public, tiie firm conducts the business ujion the highest basis of mer-
cantile integrity, and their business dealings are characterized by
their energy, ability, liberality, and extend as far west as British
Columbia and throutiliout the I'rovince of Ontario,

S. Richard Payne, M.D.

During a professional career of over forty years. Dr. Payne has
become a successful ])hysician, and justly deserves the eulogiums which
are bestowed upon him by his ])rofessional brethren. Ho was born in
Quebec on the "itji of June, 1829, and is a son of Thomas Payne, who
was born in liiickinghamshire, England, and Mary (Goode) I'ayne of
Hereford, England. The family immigrated to Canada in ISl'.t, and
until 1840 was engaged in the hotel business. Tho doctor is the elili'st
of their four children, and at an early day chose medicine as his calling
through life. He began preparing himself for his professional career
under tho guidance f>f Ur. James Sewell, as instructor in medicine, and
Dr. James Douglass, as instructor in siu'gery. Ho attended lectures
for four years, and from lcS-47 to LS-l.S was assistant in the Hospital,
and from 184'.! to 1.S50 was assistant in the Asylum. After this he
practiced for four years in the County of Beauharuois, and then came
to London, where he has since made his home and ])ractice(l the lieal-
ing art for over thirty years. It is a conceded fiict that he is one of
the leading ])hysicians of the county, and his mind is well stored witli
medical lore and an experience which others might well desire. He
was married in 180'.) to Miss Julia Keller, of tho County of York, Out.,
and the following are the children born to their union : — William,
Charles. Herbert, Harold and Francis.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Daniel S. Perrin.

905

Daiii(3l S. Perrin is a wliolesale coiifcctioiuM' and biscuit ])aker.
The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of this
<;entlenian, a man of recoj^nized worth wluirever known, whose ])resent
substantial position in life has been reached entirely tlu'ough his own
perseverance ; and the facts connected with his operation and thcsir
results freely show what a jjcrson of determination and courage can
accomplish. Mis father, Lemuel I'errin, was a native of New York
State, and a blacksmith by occupation. He immigrated from his native
state to Canada, and for a time lived in (Jrafton, near Cobourg. He
married Miss Ruth Eastman, a most estimable woman, whose life wa.s
devoted to making home liapjjy. In 18.">4 they changcid their resi-
dence to London, and were nmabered among the earliest settlers of
the city. Here tlie father followed for a time his chosen calling, but
subsequently abandoned it and turned his attention to the bakery
busines.s, having received a contract for su])]ilying the troops that were
stationed at that ]ilace with bread. He had a large and successful
business in this lino. He was a man of strong will, indomitable energy
and perseverance, and few obstacles were too difficult for him to
overcome. He at one time owned property which included the
north-west corner of Talbot and Dundas street, on which were seven
buildings, and his bakery, which consisted of four large ovens. These
buildings were all destroyed by fire, on which there was no insurance,
entailing a loss of the accumulations of his life, and reju'e.sented by
years of toil and anxiety. Mr. Perrin did not wait for the ashes to
cool, but with the assistance of a detail of soldiers from the garrison
he had the debris removed antl a temporary building erected, so that
the following day he could fill his contract for bread. He afterwards
recuperated from this loss to meet with a more severe one through en-
dorsement for friends. Then it was that the subject of this sketch
began to show the metal subsequent years has developed.

His early life up to this time had been occupied in assisting his
father and brother, who were in business together, and as a conse-
quence he was denied the educjitional advantages the older children
of the family enjoyed. He at this time assumed the care of the family,
which included, besides his parents, his sisters. He opened a con-
fectionery and bakery out on the Hamilton road, which was the
nucleus of his present business, at first on a small scale, and then
adding to it from time to time as his trade demanded. His tireless
energy and indomitable pluck constituted his stock-in-trade. He
labored faithfully in the exacting duties required to make the business
a success, and the increase of trade led to his removal to llichmoud
street, and thence to his present place of business. The firm is recog-
nized as one of the important industries of the city, and it has con-
tributed a full share towards adding to the good name that London
enjoys as a business centre and distributing point. Their trade extends

966

HISTORY OF THE

from the Eastern rroviiicesi t(t liritisli Columbia, with ii<^('ii('i(',s at
Victoria, Winniimj,' and Tort Arthur. Tliey mnploy at times as many
as ino individuals. It is not only tho mui;nitud(f of their husiucss
which is desorvinj,' of notice, hut the (|uality of the product and the
correct jn'iticiples on which business is transacted. Mr. I'errin, not-
with,standin<^ his close attention to business, even to its most trivial
details, has during hia evenings and leisure hours, devoted his time
to reading, taking a full four years' Chatiimiua course, so that he
pa.saed an honorable examination and received a diploma for same.
Mr. Perrin is married to Miss Lillie, daughter of the late Mrs. (iiven,
of the City of London.

EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECIALIST

CAT/ff^f^H. DEAFNESS. f^EfJjOVAL OF NASAL GFjOWTHS. ETC.

OFFICE HOURS, 11 A.M. TO 4 P.M.

Surgery, 354 Dundas St, late Dr. Moore's Office, London.

TELEPHONE 376.

William Payne.

William Payne, manufacturer and dealer in bicycles, in London
South, was born in the County of Elgin, September 9, 1843, being a
son of Henry Payne, sen., a native of Wiltshire, England ; born in
1812. He carae'to Canada in 1828, and built the first mill in what is
now Elgin County. He was maiTied to Miss Mary Kettlewell, a
native of Yorkshire, England, who died in 1875, having borne a family
of four children, only two of whom are now living — William and
Henry, jr. William Payne was reared in the County of Elgin, and
worked in his father's mill until 1876, when he came to Middlesex

County anc

mannfactui

until he is ;

and can do

He makes i

sive jirepan

increasing li

and animals

Munro, wiio

niece of She

—Mary E., ;

guard at Lor

George V

born in Alle;

William and

liuid. Tlie

came to Ame

W. Pitt was

days were spi

farm life to e

began learninj

followed until

pany " j;" 85t

8argoant, and

missioned a Li

paign, and saw

town, William;

Oaks, seven da

eleven days' fig

mouth. In tl

^.000, and was

held out three (

to surrender.

after three atte

attempt was su(

their escape in

lines at Newbe;

hidden during

negroes were tl

acted as their gi

such a journey v

'"any times sufll

ceived his dLsclij

COUNTY OK .MII»ULKSi:X.

967

County and built iv mill, which \w aftcrwiinls sold. In IS7'.) ho b('j,'iin
nmnufacturin^' bicydcH, and hi.s bu.siues.s has very lar;,'t;ly incicasi'd,
until he is nt)W a leader in his lino of work, bein;^ a skilled nu'chanic,
and can do all kinds of voiiairin<,' for the machines he nianufactines.
Ho makes a speciidty of tho Sinj^er Cycles, and recently made exteu-
sivo )irej)arations for his business, by extendinj,' his wsirerooms and
increasing' his stock of j,'oods. He is also expert in mounting lm\ls
and animals. September 9, 18t)7, ho was married to Miss Mary Ana
Munro, who was born near St. Thomas, in tho County of Elj,'in, a
niece of Sheritl' Munro, aJid by her becaiuo the father of three children
— Mary K., Norman, anil Alma. The father of William I'ayne was on
<,'uard at London Jail during; the Kobellion of 1837.

George W. Pitt.

lion

It is

lily

lincl
and

Isex

George W. I'itt, watchmaker and jeweler, of London, Out., was
born in Alle<,'hany Co., New York, A])ril 19, 18o6, his jiarents beiiij^
William and IJetsey (Vincent) Pitt, both of whom were born in Kn<^-
laiid. The father was a farmer by occupation, and at an early day
canio to America, settling in York State, Alleghany County. (Jeorge
W. Pitt was the ninth in a family of ten children, and his boyhood
days were spent on his father's farm. After a time he abandoned
farm life to engage in photography, but afterwards ga.o this up and
began learning the watchmaker and jeweler's trade, which calling ha
followed until the outbreak of the Civil War, and he eidisted in Com-
pany " E," 85th New York Volunteer Inft^ntry, and was appointed 4th
Sargeant, and served in this capacity until 1863, when he was com-
missioned a Lieutenant. His regiment passed through a severe cam-
paign, and saw hard service, and partici})ated in the battles of York-
town, Williamsburg, Peach Orchard, Cainsville, Savage Station, Fair
Oaks, seven days' fight before Kichmond, Malvern Hill, Kingston, the
eleven days' fight under Foster in North Carolina, Newburn and Ply-
mouth. In the latter engagement the Federal force amounted to
8,000, and was opposed by Hood with 11,000 men. The Uinonists
held out three days, but were unable to get supplies, and were forced
to surrender. Mr. Pitt was held a prisoner for almost one year, and
after three attempts to escape was twice recaptured, but the third
attempt was successful, and he, in company with five other men, made
their escape in March, 186."), and succeeded in reaching the Union
lines at Newborn after travelling thirty-eight nights and remaining
hidden during the day time. They thus covered 300 miles. The
negroes were their only friends, and supplied them with food and
acted as their guides. All the hardships and privations incident to
such a journey was experienced by them, as they were barefooted, and
many times sutl'eied from hunger and exposure. After Mr. Pitt re-
ceived his discharge he returned home and opened a jewelry store in

968

HISTORY OF THE

Friendship, N. Y., but afterwards removed to Cuba, of the same State,
where he remained three or four years, tlion went to New York City,
where he became interested in watchmaking, and was a successful
travelUng salesman for two years, or until the death of his employer.
In 1876 he came to Canada, and for two years was with H. Davis &
Co. He then engaged in business on his own account, and it is not
overstating the facts to assert that no man in the Province understands
his business more thoroughly or has been more successful for the short
tv.ue he has been in business than he. He is a member of the Ilifle
Association, ai.d is an expert in the use of that weajjon, having taken
several prizes and medals, and is also a member of the I. 0. of
Foresters. In 18(19 he was married to Miss Mary L. Grant, of Wells-
ville, N. Y., by whom he has two children — Mamie and Maudie.

John Pope.

John Pope, Treasurer of the City of London, (,'anada, who for
thirty- four years has been a resident of Canada, was born in Clapham,
near London, December 25, 18;>4, and is a son of John and Ann
(Lloyd) Pope, who were natives of County Kent and Shropshire,
England, respectively. Tiie former was a farmer and contractor, and
he and his wife became the parents of three children, of whom John
was the youngest. He was reared in his native county, and received
excellent educational advantages ; and at an early day was ajjprenticed
as a school teacher in the then Government school system of teaching.
In 1854 he immigrated to JMontreal, Canada, having been ajjpointed l)y
Bishop Fulford to take charge of the schools of Montreal whicii were
connected with the Cathedral, and remained thus employed for five
years. He was then appointed by Bi.shop Hellmuth as agent of the
Colonial and Continental Church and School Society, and moved to
Sherbrooke, Eastern Township, where he lived for five years, after
w) !ch he removed to Gasjie, and took charge of their labors in that
dist let, continuing there also five years. He then left the Society's
work, after receiving an appointment from Bishop Hellmuth to take
charge of the Modern Department in Hellmuth College, London.
After three years' connection with this institution, he accepted a
position with Messrs. Rowland & Jewell, gi'ain dealers, grocers and
pork packers, and after remaining three yesirs thus employed lie
accepted the position of cashier f( ir Edward Adams & Co , wholesale
grocers, and was with this firm nearly nine years. In May, 1(S('S2, lie
received the appointment of City Treasurer, the duties of which office
he is now discharging. He was married in 1<S5'.) to Miss Angeline
Atkinson, of Armagh, County Armagh, Ireland, and by her is the
father of seven children — John K. H,, Emily, Ada, Jldith, Elizabeth,
Harry and Willie. He is a member of the English Church of Canada,
and belongs to the Koyal Arcanum. He has always taken a. great

interest in
cricket club
introduce th

William

Ireland, Dece

I^orte, natives

Porte and his

where they la

1837. In 18

settled where

^8. For man

other minor ol

and until twei

He then passe

Lucau, then a

clerk, which ol

of postmaster {

her of the Tow

village. He if

erection of tlie

business man, {

Co. October

Murphy, a nat

parents to Cana

children, of whc

Porte and faniil

subject is a Co

Lodge, No. 154,

of the same ten

In every con

men who beconu

professional or co

^'Iio. jiei'haps un

•noting any movt

file welfare of th

Hr. Porto, a nati^

everyone who km

lias risen to a p(

flight well feel pi

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

969

interest in athletic sports, and, as a member of the snowshoe and
cricket clubs, has won several prizes. He was one of the iirst to
introduce the game of lacrosse in Montreal, and also in London.

William Porte.

William Porte, postmaster at Lucan, was born in Kings County,
Ireland, December 19, 1823, and is a son of James and Mary (Patrick)
Porte, natives of the same county. Having lost his wife in 1832, Mr.
Porte and his family of four children set sail for Canada, June (i, 1837,
where they landed at Culbertson's wharf, now Desoronto, August 8,
1837. In 1839 the family came to the Township of Biddulph, and
settled where Lucan now stands, where the father died in 1856, aged
58, For many years he served as clerk of the township, and also held
other minor offices. Our subject is the oldest child born to his p irents,
and until twenty-two years of age he dwelt under the parental roof.
He then passed eleven years at Belleville, but in 1856 returned to
Lucan, then called Marystown, and succeeded his father as township
clerk, which office he filled for ten years. He has held the position
of postmaster continuously since 1858, and has also served as a mem-
ber of the Town Council for seven years after the incorporation of the
village. He is a public-spirited man, and was instrumental in the
erection of the present school at this place. He is an enterprising
business man, and is the agent for the CJreat Nortliwesteru Telegraph
Co. October 22, 1851, he married at Belleville, Miss Catherine
Jlurjjhy, a native of County Mayo, Ireland, who accompanied her
parents to Canada in li;44. This union has been blessed with nine
children, of whom two sous and four daughters are now living. Mr.
Porte and family worship at the Church of England. In politics our
subject is a Conservative. Mr. Porte is a charter member of Irving
Lodge, No. 154, A. F, & A. M., G. li. C, and has served as secretary
of the same ten years, and as master two years.

Andrew W. Porte.

In every community and among all classes there are always some
men who become leaders in whatever they do, whether of an official,
professional or commercial nature, and these same men are the ones
who, perhaps unconsciously, take a prominent, active interest in pro-
moting any movements which may be thought capable of tending to
the welfare of the city or vicinity where they reside. Such a OTie is
Mr. Porte, a native Canadian, a man held in the highest esteem by
everyone who knows him, and though barely in the jirime of life, he
has risen to a position which many older in years and experience
might well feel proud to occupy, and at this time ho holds the position

970

HISTORY OF THE

of Managing Director of the McCormick Manufacturing Company,
an enterprise that has contributed a full share in sustaining the reputa-
tion that London enjoys as a maimfacturing centre and distributing
point. Andrew W, Porte was born on the Jilst day of July, 1848,
His father, Gilbert Porte, was born in King's County, Ireland, and was
reared in Dublin. He learned the trade of shoemaking in his youth,
and in 1841 immigrated to Canada and settled in London, and entered
the employ of Thompson & Morrill. He subsequently engaged in
business on his own account, and conducted it successfully until his
death, in 1854, during a cholera epidemic. He had married in 184.'?
Miss Ann, only daughter of the late Andrew McCormick, and left at
his death, besides his widow, four children, three of whom are now
living — Thomas F., Andrew W., and Alice (now Mrs. Brickenden).

The subject of this sketch has been reared in London, receiving a
good business education, and for twenty-three years he has been con-
nected with the house with which he is now associated, and his best
efforts have been devoted to advancing its interests ; and he is recog-
nized as a representative business man and citizen. In early life he
enlisted in a volunteer military company, and also attended military
schools, passing all the grades of promotion : and was subsequently
gazetted captain of Company No. 2, of the 7th Fusiliers, and he was on
the frontier with his company during the Fenian troubles. He is
serving his third year as President of the Western Fair Association,
and has rendered valuable aid in making it a success. He is alsf a
Director of the Huron and Erie Loan and Saving.s Company. He is
prominent in Masonic circles, being a Koyal Arch Mason and also a
member of the Scottish Rite, and has held the position of Grand Senior
Warden of the Grand Lodge. Mr. Porte was married in 1877 to Miss
Mary E., only daughter of Alexander Johnston, and by her has a family
of four sons and two daughters.

RICHARD A. POWELL

Eichard A. Powell, farmer and Deputy-Reeve of London Township,
is a native of Middlesex County, and was born on the 13th of October,
1840, being a son of Ambrose K. and Catherine (Ardiel) Powell, both
of whom were born in County Tipperary, Ireland. The mother came
to Canada with her parents at a very early day, and settled about seven
miles north of London. Ambrose K. Powell came to Canada in 1828,
and settled just opposite the place where his son Richard now resides.
He purchased 100 acres of land for S200, being allowed $50 for an
overcoat which he had brought over from Ireland with him, and
erected a little log cabin on bis farm, in which he lived for several
years, and in the meantime cleared his land, which was heavily covered
with timber, and made other valuable improvements. At the time of
his death, in 1872, he owned 400 acres of well-improved land, and

gave each o
Conservativ
the Church
of twelve cli
(-Charles, Ma
Fraser). I
farmer's boy
on his presei
dence, very
Miss Mary .J
whom are li\
Powell was
been school f
ber of years.

James aiK
ings, carpets,
hiographical d
the late Charl
the most wort
whose every
energies were
from the time
Devonshire, i
served a reguli
quently went
united in man
Cardiff, Wales,
were offered in
left his native
He at once ope
ducted succcssl
liis sons, until
to his farm, anc
which occurred
1887, five chil
Harriet, James
far-reaching ins
liis efforts cro^
vicissitudes of t
cents on the dol
As before st
ceeded by his sc
so much in con

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

971

gave each of his sons 100 acres of land apiece. He was a staunch
Conservative politically, and in his religious views was a member of
the Church of England. His wife died in 1873, having borne a family
of twelve childien, five of whom are now living — Leonard, Richard A.,
Charles, Mary (wife of John Lewis), and Catherine A. (wife of Hugh
Fraser). llichard A. Powell received the education of the average
farmer's boy, and after his marriage, which occurred in 187"), located
on his present farm, where he has a beautiful and commodious resi-
dence, very pleasantly situated. He and wife (who was foraierly a
Miss Mary J. Lawrence) became the parents of four children, three of
whom are living — Arthur H., Edward B. and Katie. In 1884, Mr.
Powell was elected Deputy-Keeve, which office he still holds, and has
been school trustee and Warden of the Church of England for a num-
ber of years.

James and George Priddis.

James and George Priddis are dealers in dry goods, house-furnish-
ings, carpets, and ordered clothing. To fail to include within the
biographical department of the present volume a sketch of the life of
the late Charles Trump Priddis, would be to omit a history of one of
the most worthy men who ever made his home in London, and a man
whose every effort was of material benefit to the city, and whose
energies were directed towards its advancement as a business centre
from the time of his settlement in this community. He was born in
Devonshire, England, in 1818 ; was reared in his native place, and
served a regular apprenticeship at the dry goods trade. He subse-
quently went into business for himself, and shortly afterwards was
united in marriage to Miss Harriet, daughter of John Williams, of
Cardiff, Wales. Impressed with the belief that better opportunities
were offered in the New World for men of energy and character, he
left his native land in 184',), came to Canada and settled in London.
He at once opened a store and commenced the business which he con-
ducted successfully, at first alone, but afterwards in connection with
his sons, until his retirement from the same in 1876. He then retired
to his farm, and was engaged in agricultural jnirsuits until his death,
which occurred in 1881, leiiving beside his widow, who died in March,
1887, five children — Charles (a resident of Calgary), Elizabeth H.,
Haniet, James and George. Mr. Priddis was a man who had a quick,
far-reaching insight into business, and had the satisfaction of seeing
his efforts crowned with success. Although he sustained, in the
vicissitudes of trade, some heavy losses, he always paid one hundred
cents on the dollar, and left at his death, a comfortable competency.

As before stated, he retired from the firm in 1876, and was suc-
ceeded by his sons, James and George Priddis, who have already done
so much in contributing to the good name the firm enjoys, and who,

972

HISTORY OF THE

W'-

for some time previous to their assuming charge, had largely contvnlled
the management of the firm all'airs. It is a fact tliat no house in Lon-
don stands higher in the interests of the public at large, or one whose
patronage is more sought for or whose financial rating is more favor-
able than the above-mentioned firm. Their stock includes a full and
complete line of dry goods, house furnishings, carpets and ordered
clothing, hosiery and gloves being leading specialties. They visit tiio
European markets twice each year, and have imported their stock
since liS58, being the oldest importing house in their line in the city.
Their upright manner of doing business has secured for them a large
share of ])ublic ])atronage and the merit and esteem in which they are
held by the many patrons of the house.

James I'riddis, the senior member of the firm, was born in Devon-
shire, England, in 1S4<S, and after attaining his thirteenth year, com-
menced his business life under the guidance of his father, and he has
spent his life, thus far, at the business in which he is now enuaged.
He has the satisfaction of having contributed a full share in relieving
his father of heavy ciires and of seeing the business jn'osper under his
assistance. He was manied in I880 to Miss Hattie Taylor, of Port
Huron, Mich. He is a member of the Masonic Order. George
Priddis was born in London, August IG, 1851, and, like his brother,
was reared to his present business and has shared fully with his
brother in advancing its interests. He also belongs to the Masonic
Order. Not only as bu.'jiness men but as citizens have the brothers
been foremost in advocating every measure which has for its object the
permanent improvement and benefit of the city. During the North-
west Piebellion three of their clerks — John Graham, George McComb
and II. A. Smith — enlisted as volunteers, served through this cam-
paign, and received their full salary during their absence.

John G. Pritchett.

John G. Pritchett, a native of Canada, was born in London, Out.,
October 2D, 1852. His father, Thomas Pritchett, was a native of
Birmingham, England, and his mother, Janet (Garrett) Pritchett, was
born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Thomas Pritchett was a soldier iu Her
Majesty's service, and was connected with the 82nd Ilegiment, from
which he was honorably discharged at Quebec in 1847, having served
nineteen years. He immigrated to London, Ontario, with the 47th
Eegiment, and lived in tlie latter place until his death, June 14, 1878.
The mother died June 14, 1883, and, it was singular coincidence,
that she died, as she had hoped she might, on the same day and month
as her husband. The nine children in the family were Edward, Joliu,
Henry, Mary Hannah (wife of Archibald Nicholson), Thomas (in St,
Paul), Anna Bella and William (twins), Margaret (wife of Archie Legg),
and Israel. John G. was reared and educated in London, and, after

attaining i

trade, win":

for hiinsulf

liberal shai

the nomina

sti'ong oppc

in the pfilii

iAIr. Pritclie

Hyslop, a ■

are the pare

Mr. Pi'itchel

England.

William I
Sus.sex, Engl,
children (five
both natives
laide Townsh
about 1782, a
liapley came
of Adelaide 1
residing in th(
assist in clear:
and 1833.
cession, south
when he remo
stock of generi
the present, .M
has been one
village. For :
of the county,
of the Counci
and lieeve for
also Keeve ant
a town. He w
^s a prominent
Miss Jane Hil
children:— Mar
Sarah, Manforc
l'^72. Mr. L'ap]
bore him one cl
people of Strat
ho has seen the
and Stratjiroy s]

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

073

attaining a suitable age, served an apprenticeship at the ])laston'r's
trade, which he has since followed. He first ccjniniencod working
for himself and taking contracts in 1874, and has thus far secured a
liberal share of the public patronage. In January, 1889, he received
the nomination for Deputy- lleeve of his District, and, although he had
strong opposition in a popular candidate, and this his first appearance
in tlie ])olitical field, he was elected by a complimentary majority.
;Mr. Pritchett was married June 11, 1879, to Susan, daughter of Adam
Hyslop, a pioneer settler of Westminster. Mr. and Mrs. Pritchett
are the parents of two children — Edward Adam and James Benton.
Mr. Pritchett is a member of the ^lasouic Order, and of the Sons of
England.

William Rapley.

William Eapley, a pioneer of Adelaide Township, was born in County
Sussex, England, May 20, 1814, being the sixth in a family of twelve
children (five now living") born to James and Mary (Collings) Piapley,
both natives of England — the former born in 1780 and died in Ade-
laide Township, this county, in October, lHo2, and the latter born in
about 1782, and died in her native country in 1831. In 1832, William
Kapley came to Canada and settled in the almost unbroken wilderness
of Adelaide Townshij), when there were not more than seven families
residing in the township. His first work after settling here was to
assist in clearing the Egremont road to Sarnia during the years 1832
and 1833. He afterwards cleared a farm. Lot 19 of the Fifth Con-
cession, south of the Egremont road, and there he resided until 1857,
when he removed to Strathroy, and in the same year purchased the
stock of general merchandise of J ames Keefer. Erom that time until
the present, Mr. Kapley has been engaged in business in Strathroy, and
has been one of the successful merchants and business men of that
village. For many years he took a leading part in the political atl'airs
of the county, and is a pronounced Eeformer in politics. He was one
of the Councillors of Strathroy for the years 1860, 1866 and 18(J8,
and Eeeve for the years 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864 and 1865. He was
also lieeve and Deputy-Reeve several times after Strathroy was made
a town. He was Mayor of Strathroy for two years in succession, luid
is a prominent man in his county. He celebrated his nuptials with
Miss Jane Hilton in 1838, and to them were born the following
children: — Mary A., Lucy, Charlotte (who died in 1877), Ellen, James,
Sarah, Manford and Herbert S. Mrs. Eapley died in 1868, and in
1872, Mr. Eapley married Miss Jane Page, a native of England, who
bore him one child — Winlield. Mr. Eapley is a man in whom the
people of Strathroy have implicit confidence. From the wilderness
he has seen the well-improved country grow and the cities of London
and Stratm-oy spring up.

U74

insrOltY OF THE

David Ratley.

David Rapley, one of tlie jjioneers of Adelaide Township and an
enterprising farmer of Middlesex County, Canada, was born in Sussex
County, England, forty miles from the world's metropolis, Marcli 8,
1817; son of James and Mary (Collins) Rapley. David Rajiley was
fifteen yefirs of age when he crossed the ocean to ( 'anada witJi his
father. They settled in Adelaide Townshi]), Middliisex County, iicur
Strathroy, when the country was a continuous wilderness, anci here
David Rapley, in his early boyhood, worked on the farm, which occu-
pation he has ever since continued. He lived on the old homestead
until 1857, when he sold out and moved to his present farm, the same
being the cast half of Lot 14 of the 4th Concession, south of the Egrc-
mont lioad. In 1840 he was united in nuirriage to Miss Harriet
Hilton, M'ho was born in County Sussex, England, in 1821. To them
were born eleven children, of which eight are living — Jesse, horn in
1841, and now residing in California ; Mary, born in 1846 ; Charles, horn
in 1848 ; Esther Ann, born in 1851 ; Emma H., born in 1855 ; Thomas
James, born in 1857 ; William, born in 1859, and Frederick, born in
18G2. The mother of these children died at the residence of her son
Charles, Feb. 27, 1888. Mr. Rapley was in the Rebellion of 1837, and
he helped cut out the Egremont Road. He has been a resident of this
county for fifty-six years, and is one of the active and well-to-do
farmers of Adelaide Township. He is a Reformer in politics, and he
and family attend the M. E. Church of Canada.

Edmond Raymond ( Deceased ).

Edmond Raymond (deceased), was born in Buffalo, N. Y., Novem-
ber 28, 1809. His father, Dr. Nathan Edmond Raymond, was a
native of Boston, Mass., and the mother, wliose maiden name was
Elizabeth Wintermute, was born on the Niagara River, on the United
States side. The Wintermute family were U. E. Loyalists, who had
settled on the Morgan River, and after the breaking out of the War
of 1812, they crossed over into Canada. The subject of this sketch
Apprenticed himself to the hat-making and fur business. He M'orked
at this at Chippewa, thence in 1825 at Niagara, where he finished
learning the business in all its details. October 5, 1831, he came to
London, where he followed his business for fifty years, and at the time
of his death, was the eldest male resident of the city in point of resi-
dence. In later years he was engaged in the raw fiu* busine.ss. He
was married October 3, 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Durrant, a native of
England, and the fruits of this union were eleven children, six of
whom are living, viz. : — Susannah W., Elizabeth D., Josephine K.,
Addison Gardiner, Frederick W., and John D. Mr. Raymond was a
man of strict honor and integrity, and commanded the respect of all

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

975

who knew him. No man was more familiar with the early history of
the city, and he leaves, as a ]irio(^less legacy to his children, an untar-
nished name. His death occurred December 11, ISSiS.

Fred J. Reed.

Fred J. Reed, builder, was born in Old London, April 29, 1850, and
is the second son and child born to Henry S. and Eliza (Brown) Reed,
both natives of same ))lace ,is subject. The family immigrated to
Toronto in 1809, and here Fred J. Heed grew to manhood. At a suit-
able age he commenced learning the builder's trade; also learned
draughting, and became a fair architect. In 1879 he came to London,
where he has since been identified with the building interest, and
where he since carried on the business for himself He married Miss
Louisa White in 1880. She was born in Wensbury, England, and
came to London with her parents, Alfred and Eliza (Ilayner) White,
when an infant. To the happy marriage relations of Mr. and Mrs.
Reed were born three children — Ethel A., Alfred Henry, and Ernest
Frederick. Mr. Reed is one of the county's best citizens, and is an
honest, upright man. He has made his property by his own ellbrts,
and has a good, comfortable home. He is a member of the Raptist
Church, is clerk of the same, and superintendent of the Sabbath School.

E. Baynes Reed.

E. Baynes Reed, secretary-treasurer of the Incorporated Synod of
the Diocese of Huron, at London, Ont, is a native of Exeter, Englrnd,
and was born in LSoH, being a son of Dr. Baynes Reed, a wellkno /n
medical practitioner. The subject of this sketch was reared at his
l)irthplace and was educated at Marlborough College, in Wiltshire.
After leaving school he immigrated to Canada in 1858 and settled in
London, where he commenced the study of law in the office of both
Judge John Wilson and Col. James Shanly, and after being called to
the bar in 180o, at once entered on the active duties of his profession
and continued the same until 1873, when he was elected secretary-
treasurer of the former church society of the Diocese, now merged by
au act of Parliament since 1875 into the Incorporated Synod of the
Diocese of Huron, and in this capacity has proven himself a compe-
tent and painstaking otlicial, and one who has manifested a natural
aptitude for the position. He has always manifested a deej) interest
in educational matters, and has served with credit as a member of the
School Board. For the past five years he has acted as an observer of
the Meteorological Service of Canada at London. He was married in
1804 to the youngest daughter of the late Lawrence Lawrason.

'.•70

HISTOllY OF THE

Robert Reid.

Robert Reid, Collector of Custoins at London, Ontario, is a native
of Paisley, Scotland, where he was horn on Jiinuary 1, 1S22. His
father, James Reid, and "grandfather Tuad, were active jiarlicijiants in
the struggle for civil and religioiis liberty in Scotland during tlie latter
part of the last and the first tliirty years of the present oenturv,
but were thoroughly loyal subjects, although advanced Liberals.
James Reid was a devoted and consistent Christian, and was a member
of the Baptist Church. His family consisted of seven sons and three
daughters, Robert being the youngest born. The latter's early educa-
tional training was confined chiefly to reading the iJible and learnin"
Shorter Catechism. When oidy six years old he was set to work to
learn the weaver's trade, which was then a flourishing industry in
Paisley, and after reaching his twelfth year began attending night
school, continuing to attend for two years, notwithstanding tlie fact
that he worked from six o'clock in the morning until seven or eight at
night. He was determined, in spite of adverse fortune, to win an
education, and after a hard struggle he acquired a fair knowledge of
the three R's and English Grammar. Al)out this time his flitlier
Ijecame a member of the Encyclopedia Club of Paisley, and always
had some of the volumes in his house. It was in reading the subjects
treated in these works that Mr. Reid acquired the solid, accurate
knowledge and the taste for literature which became one of his distin-
guished characteristics in after life.

When in his twentieth year he left Scotland foi' the United Stales,
and, although the youngest of the family, was the first to go al)i(iad to
seek his fortune. He landed in New York in November, 184L', and
the following spring went to Buffalo, via the Erie Canal, and reached
Toronto in the spring of 1845. He soon after obtained employment
in the paper mills belonging to the late John Eastwood, and, although
devoting himself faithfully to his duties, he began to study political
questions, and iri a short time was thoroughly conversant with leading
political events, and became personally and politically attached to
the late lamented Hon. George Brown. In the summer of 1848 he
came to London, Canada, where he established a branch of the Toronto
Eastwood publishing business, and eighteen months afterwtird bought
out the stock and conducted the business with the best of success until
1878, in which year he I'eceived his appointment to his present oilice
as Collector of Customs at London. The printing and publishing
business is successfully earned on under the able management of his
two sons, Robert and George, under the firm name of Reid Bros. & Co.

Mr. Reid's marriage to Miss Ann J. McElroy occurred in 1851.
She is a daughter of William McElroy, now deceased, and came with
him to Canada from Ulster, Ireland. The family was a prominent oue
in their native land, the grandfather having been a magistrate of
Ulster. Mrs. Reid graduated with honor from the Normal School of

Toronto, i

Centnil S

fiaiighter

<iiseaso.

I raio j)ronii

ii taking all i

with the gn

to Iiis biiJli

the organ (

(Jeorge M

-^''j"tant oi

adniii't'd by

was recomn,

"" tlio field

e/liciencv ai

^Ir. Rei(

<'ale(lonian i

years. Jft, j

port to the Li
schools for e;
liis present oi
'School Board;
was appointee
lias never qua
witli the U. 1
^'Kious con vie
Chairman oft
Ohurcii, with
years. Mr. R
and intelligent
by a long couri
unswervingly t
recognitioir of
Jamented Lore
a commission a
naturally the r
every respect t
the emulation .
Savings and In

Lieu

. No history o
tionofthe nam(
portion of Uppei
^as born in Beri

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

077

Toronto, ami was a popular and successful educator in the London
rentral School. To her union with Mr. Reid seven sons aiul one
danjihter were born. One sou, Arthur W., died in lcS,s5 of heart
disease. He was in his twenty-fifth year, and was a youu<; man of
rave ])romise and a distinguished graduate of the Toronto University,
taking all the scholarships in his department every year, <ind graduated
with tiio gold medal in mathematics. Obituary sketches bearing tribute
to his brilliant career appeared in the Toronto Globe and The ' Varsity,
the organ of the University from which he giaduated. Another son,
(icorge M., distinguished himself in the North-west liebellion as
Adjutant of the 7th Knsiliers; and his bravery and discretion were so
admiivd by (General Laurie, who had command of the brigade, that he
was recommended to the Minister of Militia for ])romotion, and while
(in the field and in active service was promoted to a Captaincy for
eificiency and bravery.

Mr. Keid has always been interested in the St. Andrew's and
Caledonian Societies, and was President of the same for a number of
years. He has always taken an active interest in and given his sup-
jiort to the Liberal party, and was a trustee for the Common and High
schools for eighteen years, which positions he held until his election to
his present office. He was also appointed by the Common and High
School Boards as a member of the Free Library, and a few years ago
was appointed Justice of the Peace by the Mowat Government, but
has never qualified for the position. He has always been identified
with the U. P. branch of the Presbyterian Church, although his re-
ligious convictions are somewhat in advance of that body. He is
Chairman of the Management Committee of the Rev. Dr. Proudfoot's
Church, with which he has been connected for the past thirty-five
years. Mr. Reid is a man of unblemished reputation, and is sagacious
and intelligent, possessing a large fund of useful information, gained
by a long course of reading, reflection and observation. He has been
unswervingly true to his political party, and it is said that the first
recognition of the public services rendered by him was from the
lamented Lord Elgin. In the year LS51 he was gazetted, and received
a commission as a Militia officer, signed by the Earl himself, and very
naturally the recijnent prizes this favor very highly. He has been in
every respect the architect of his own fortune, and his career is worthy
the emulation of all. He is at present President of the Doniiniou
Savings and Investment Society.

«• [I

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL W. T. RENWICK.

No history of Middlesex County would be complete without men-
tion of the name of General Renwick, for his connection with this
portion of Upper Canada dates back to an early period (1841). He
was born in Berwick, England, in 1802, and his father, William Ren-

978

HISTORY OF THE

wick, was an oflicer in the Eiij^'lish tiiivy. Tlie maiden name of the
mother was Turnhnll. One of his brothers contracted consuiiiiition at
the Hay of Knndy, and died on liis return to EiiL;laiid. Anothur
brother was in tlie rej^ular service, and died at Madras. Tlie subject
of this sketch was the eldest son in his father's family, and initil tif.
teen years of a^e atteTided school. He then entered the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich, and remained connected with this institution
till l<S2o, when he went to Wales with a surveying corjis. In ISl'i
he went to Ireland on the snrvey; but, in l8ol, lie was ordered to
the West Indies, were he was stationed for six and a-half years. He
was in Jamaica during the rage of the yellow fever, an ejiidemic which
had become historic. From .Tamaica, Mr. Jlenwick went to ( 'iiatham,
England, and thence to Ireland. In 1841 he came to Canada. He
then went to New Brunswick, where he was engagetl in fortifying the
boundary, but tlie ])lans were iibandoned. Next he was stationed
at Montreal, where he remained until all was quiet, and then returned
to England, where he remained for a time, but went from there to
different places in Ireland. He then returned to Toronto, and after-
wards to Quebec, where he served under Sir Charles Trollope. From
Quebec he went to the Isle of Jersey, C. R. E., and from there to
South Africa and to Capetown, leaving that place in ISD-i. General
Renwick was married to a Miss Gilpin, of Yorkshire, England, a lady
whose acquaintance he had made in Jamaica. She was a relative of
Dean Gilpin, of Halifax. General and Mrs. Ilenwick were the
parents of two daughters now living ; one son, Henry Renwick, was
educated to the profession of Civil Engineering, and died in Canada,
whither he had gone to look a' 'r some property of his father's. After
his death, General Renwick came to Canada, where he has remained a
greater portion of the time ; and, although a man of fourscore and six
years, he is a remarkable specimen of well-preserved manhood, iuid
a man of remarkable resource, whose eye is not dim, and whose step is
as elastic as many who have not .seen half his years. He is most
positive in his convictions, and, when his mind is once made up, it
requires evidence of the most positive kind to convince him.

John G. Richter.

John G. Richter is manager and secretary of The London Life
Insurance Company. He was born in the County of Waterloo, Ont.,
September 18, 1804. His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah E.
Musser, was a native of the County of Waterloo, while his father,
Charles Richter, was born in Bavaria.

The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county, receiv-
ing a liberal education. In 1872, when about eighteen years of age,
he accepted a position in the office of a friend who carried on extensive
manufacturing interests in the County of Oxford, Ont., where was

ncqnired a

husiiiess r

I'l'ofe.ssion

giiined pro\

iiicliter beg

find having

especially d

i"^' himself

and persist(;

calling lie l,,i

the responsil

coujtled with

t" ''I' attrihnt

which lie ]ia.s

Among t,

special attenti

panywa.s i„c

^nffirio, and :

of Canada.

holders rank a

of London and

over Ontario

Columbia, and

policies on tJie

business, and (

i-ondon Life al(

"le healthy mt

five may be in,

per week and n

Jected by the Cc

system certainly

;[orki«g cla.sses.

the already L-irge

proves conclusiv

'fell of all the b,

f ^''- , Tho Exec

-'^oseph JeHery

'owman, (Joorge

\iIliamE.B„]7e,

John G. Richter

George Riddle,
l^^}, and the son
•^'rth. George Ric

COUNTY OF MIDULESKX.

979

e
le
id
;d
to
;r-
)ni
to
ival
Illy
I of
the

biosl
it

iLifc

)nt.,

lUK.

Iher,

i*/

m''

fcciv-

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I wa3 f "

I;,

aapiired a varied and extended experience in accountancy and fjoneral
business practice, wliicli, although not directly rotniected with the
|in)fes.sioii suliseijuently en<,'a^ed in, yet, indiri'clly the experience
jiiiiiied ))roved llit- stej)] tint,'- stone to what followed. Kirly in life, Mr.
Kichter be<^aii to take a deej) interest in the subject of life insiu'ance,
and having a natural aptitude for mathematics, his attention was
especially directed to the actuarial branch of the profession. By avail-
ing himself of the most reliable authorities on the subject, and by hard
and persistent study, he thoroughly "amiliaiized himself with the
calling he has since adojited. In l.SSii he was offered and accepted
the res))onsible position he now occujiies, and to his indomitable energy,
Cdujiled with a thorough knowledge of every branch of the business, is
to be attributed in a large measure the success of the company over
which he has so successfully presided for the past six years.

Among the many enterprises of London, and one deserving of
special attention, is the London Life Insurance Company. This Com-
pany was incorporated in 1874, by special Act of the Legislature of
Ontario, and reincorporated in 1S85 by special Act of the Parliament
of Canada. The authorized capital is 81,000,000, and the stock-
holders rank among the wealthiest and most successful business men
of London and Western Ontario. The Company's operations extend
over Ontario, Manitoba, the North-west Territories and British
Columbia, and in addition is issuing ordinary Life and Endowment
policies on the most ajjproved plans. An important branch of its
business, and one that among Caihadian Companies pertains to the
Loudon Life alone, is its system of Industrial Insurance, whereby fill
the healthy members of a family from one year of age up to sixty-
five may be insured by paying a small weekly premium ; five cents
per week and upwards being accejjted at all ages, and regularly col-
lected by the Company's agents at the homes of the members. The
system certainly appears to be well adapted to the requirements of the
working classes, and although a comparatively new feature in Canada,
the already large and constantly increasing business being transacted
proves conclusively that the Company's efforts to bring withhi the
reach of all the benefits of reliable life insurance is being highly appreci-
ated. The Executive Officers and Board of Directors are as follows: —
Jose])h Jeffery, President; John AlcClary, Vice-President; William
Bowman, George C. Gibbons, Arthur S. Emery, Thomas II. Smallman,
William F. liullen, George M. Harrison, Sherilf Glass, Judge Bell, and
John G. Ilichter, Manager and Secretary.

George Riddle

George Eiddle, slate roofer, is a native of Dorset, England, born in
1831, and the son of William and Ann (Grace) Eiddle, also of English
birth. George Eiddle is the eldest in a family of nine children, and

980

IlISTOKV OF THK

ho served a rc'<,'uliu' apprenticeship to his present business, slate rnofini,'.
In ISS") he left the land of his birth, innni<;rated to Canada and settlcil
in London, where ]w connnenced taking contracts with his futluT,
under the name of William Kiddle & Son. He has a large ])atronage
and does the prineijjal ])art of the work in this line within a radius of
sixty miles. He has done nearly all the work of this kind (hat lias
been done in London. His father died in 188") and his mother in
1882. Mr. Kiddle married Miss Amelia Sweet in I8(i-i. She was
born in Dorchester, died in London in 188") and left four chihlren —
Annie, Mary, Albert and Edgar, ^^'alt('r Scott and .John Whitaker,
nephews, are associated with Mr, Kiddle in his business.

V/iLLiAM C. Robertson.

Williatn ('. Kobertson, license inspector for West Middlesex, was
appointed to this oilico in August, 1886. He was born in Scotland
in 1831, and is the son of James and Jane Kobertson, both natives of
the same country. He had the advantage of a good education, such
as was afforded by the common schools, and to this he has added by
reading and observation, and is now a well-informed man. He came
to the Province of Ontario in 1850, located at Jielleville with an uncle,
and there learned the tailor trade. He followed this business at
(Jobonrg, Port Hope, Hamilton, and subseiiuently at Mt. lirydges.
In 1800 he went back to Scotland on a visit, and while there was
united in marriage to ]\Iiss Ellen Smith, of Orkney, and daughter of
George and Elizabeth Smith, both natives of Scotland, returning to
Mt. Jirydges in 1802. For a number of years Mr. Kobertson was
engaged in the mercantile business at Mt. Brydges, and then at Appiu,
but in 1875 he came back to Mt. Brydges, where he has since re-
mained. By his union to IVIiss Smith, he became the father of seven
children, five of whom are now living — Elizabeth Jane (who married
Humphry Badge), Amiie (who died at the age of twenty-one years),
Margaret E., Eliza Belle, William J. (who died at the age of seven
years), George A., and Evelyn Maude. Mr. and Mrs. Kobertson are
members of the Presbyterian Church, and lie is a member of the
Independent Order of Foresters. He has been a total abstainer for
thirty yeai's.

William Robinson.

William Kobinson was born in New Ross, County Wexford, Ire-
land, March 27, 1812, and is the grandson of William Kobinson, who
married a Miss McDonald. To them were born four sons and three
daughters, named resiiectively, John, Francis, Mcses, James, Mary,
Eliylibeth and Nancy. The grandfather died at the age of eighty-seven

years, and t

son was the

New Uoss t(

the interest

daughter of

' Welsh descc

one of a fain

brother, Jolu

Episcopal mi

a regular pas

subject of th

to not succe

•Survey of Ire

got his first

Canada, in Nc

find o!ie siste

flirival he wer

work, nothing

his own accoi;

to Canada ; bi

more than his

at work, occn

Hamilton he

Ijuilder for abo

Burford.

In the sprii

ford having rec

contract to''buil(

was for a short

with a letter fic

of King's Colle

ment. This he

also employed f

Ml'. Kobinson d

land surveyina ;

for) instruction' f

eni braced works

each evening, aft

try, surveying, ]

After leaving

passing Mr. Kitcl

on the street, he

ployraent from m

It to your advantf

ttitchie for two y

them geometrical

^vith their work.

COUNTY OF MIDDI-KSKX.

981

yeftTs, and t!io graiidniotlRT at tins a^o, of cii^lity ytars. .Iiuncs Uohin-
son was llu! fatliur of tlus subjuct of tlii.s sketch. He rcninviid from
New Koss to Kosojjarland, to snperintcnd tlie oroction of hiiildin^'s in
the interest of his brother John. lit; married Miss Klizuhcth J)avis,
daugliter of Andrew Davis (ami j^rand(lauj,'liter of Kraneis llassi'tt, of
Welsh descent, who lived to be niniity-seven years of ajje), and was
one of a family of seven children — five sons and two daii<,'liters. Her
brother, .John Davis, was educated at Trinity Collej,'e, Diililiii, for the
Episcopal ministry; but owin<; to ill health, was jirevented from takin;^
a regular pastorate. He took (luite an interest in the education of the
subject of this sketch. .lohn Uobinson, a brother of William, owin'^
to not succeeding in obtaining employnumt on the Trigonometrical
Survey of Ireland, immigrateci to Canada in 1.S3.S, and from him William
gt)t his first idea of land surveying. The latter came to Burford,
l.'aiuida, in November, IH.'iO, with his father and mother, three brothers
and one sister, four of whom are yet living. The spring after his
arrival lie went to Hamilton, where he fcaind ein])loyment at carpenter
work, nothing better otl'ering. This trade he had worked at a little on
his own account, at the erection of a fanuly residence, before coming
to Canada ; but his theoretical knowledge of building at that time was
more than his practical, owing to his opportunity of seeing mechanics
at work, occasionally using tools, copying estimates, etc. From
Hamilton he went to Brantford, and was employed there with a
builder for about eighteen months, when he returned to his father's in
liurford.

In the spring of 183'.) he went to London, his employer in Brant-
ford having recommended him to a contractor there, who had taken a
contract to build Barracks, and was employed here for two years. He
was for a short time with another builder, and then went to Toronto
with a letter from his last employer to the architect of the University
of King's College (Thomas Young), recommending him for employ-
ment. This he received, and remained two years. This architect was
alsoemplojed as City Engineer and Drawing Master of the College.
Mr. Robinson determined at this time to imjn'ove his knowledge of
land surveying, and although not receiving the jiromistid (but unasked
for) instruction from his employer, he had access to his library, which
embraced works in this science, and availed himself of tlie opportunity
each evening, after his day's work, in the study of Euclid, trigonome-
try, surveying, linear pers])ective, geometrical building pnjblems, &c.
After leaving Mr. Young he thouglit of going to New York, but
passing Mr. Ritchie (one of the most prominent builders in Toronto)
oil the street, he v-'as hailed by him, who said: " If you will accept em-
ployment from me to assist Mr. Hill (his head foreman), I will make
it to your advantage to do so." He accepted, and remained with Mr.
Ritchie for two years, and at the request of his workmen he taught
them geometrical drawing and the various ]iractical jiroblems connected
with their work. He remained with Mr. Ritchie about two years, and

I H.,

982

IHSTOUY OF THE

subsequently made arrangement with a provincial land surveyor to
study with him and obtain the necessary practice. He wont to Mon-
treal in May, 1.S46, passetl a successful examination, and received a
license to practice in the Province of Upper Canada, his sureties in the
sum of S2,000 being the Hon. \Vm. Henry Boulton and the Hon, W.
B. Robinson. He left Montreal in November, 1846, returned to
Toronto, where he spent the winter in teaching geometrical drawing to
workmen, and in the spring accepted a position as Superintendent of
buildings, and in April, 1S49, commenced to complete the survey of the
Toronto & Owen Sound Eoad survey diagonally through the townships
of Melancton, Artemesia, Holland and some other townships, complet-
ing the survey of about 200,000 acres between the first week in April
and the middle of December.

After his return, in company with Mr. C. Rankin, conducted busi-
ness for two years in Toronto. In 1831 they dissolved partnership,
owins to Mr. Rankin's removing to Owen Sound. Mr. Robinson con-
ducted the business until 18r)2, when he received instructions from
the Crown Land Department to survey the Township of Howick, but
owing to a severe attack of illness at the time the order was given,
was unable to execute it.

Mr. Robinson then returned to his father's in Burford, and there
received by letters, a proposition to come to London, which proposition
he finally accepted, and for four years was a pfirtner with W. B.
Leather, an English engineer. They then separated, and Mr. Robin-
son opened an office for himself. In May, 1857, he was appointed
city engineer, and held this office for over twenty-one years and five
months, until the completion of the water-works in 1878, when he
resigned, with the request that his partner, T. H. Tracy, be appointed
in his place. He then made a visit to Europe, but returned in Sept.,
1879, then went to the State of New York, where he remained five
months, and then returned to London. ^Ir. Robinson, though living a
single life, advises others to get married when circumstances are favor-
able, and is satisfied that where two that are adapted for each other
are united in marriage, happiness may be secured ; if the contrary,
then better (decidedly) never to have met. Mr. Robinson has intro-
duced about a dozen young men to the profession, and is one of the
representative men of Loudon ; is quiet and unassuming, and the
embodiment of honor.

George Robinson.

The association of this gentleman with the atl'airs of London,
Ontario, as a business man dates from the year 1857, and his
business career has been both honorable and successful. He was
born in the Province of Quebec, his parents being John and Estiier
(Sherry) Robinson, natives of Northern Ireland. About 1824 or 1825

the parent

the Proviii

early settle

then new c

four years

goods housi

years. He

and arrived

closely ideii

interests of

was severe,

sciousness o

e/lbrts were

goods store,

engaged in t

having been

what is now

at the presen

dealing. Tlii

Columbia on

its present m,

trivia] details

exact in all n

establishing c

Kobinson was

ill London Toi

the County of

is a member (

porters.

Thomas Ro

born in Carrow

of George and

t'ley spent thei

a family of fifte

|s the fourteent

Jaiid, and at tli

In 1850 he im

to London wher

to Mosa TownsI

was appointed s

^'ay, then build

(18o.5), thus still

Kept post-office,

Later he establis

COUXTV OF M1DDLJ;SEX.

9<s;j

the parents immigratrd to Canada, settling on a farm in what is nnw
the Province of (Quebec, where our subject became familiar with the
early settler's life. His educational advantages were limited in the
then new country, and he remained on his father's farm until twenty-
four years of age, when lie accepted a 'situation in the wholesale dry
goods house of .Iose])h McKay & Bro., with whom he remained five
years. He then determined to engage in business on his own account,
and arrived in London, [March 111, 1857, where he has since been
closely identified with everything tending to advance the permanent
interests of the place. For some years the struggle against difficulties
was severe, but the obstacles were surmounted, and he has the con-
sciousness of looking back over his past career and seeing that his
efforts were not in vain. For sixteen years he conducted a retail dry
goods store, and for the same length of time has subse([uently been
engfiged in the wholesale trade, the present firm of Kobinson & Little
having been established in 1875. They were the pioneers in settling
what is now known as the wholesale centre of the city, and no house
at the present time has a iii^her standing for probity, honor and fair
dealing. Their trade extends from Niagara Falls on the east to British
Columbia on the west, and has steadily increased until it has assumed
its present magnitude. Strict attention to business even in its most
trivial details, urbane and pleasant in all relations with the public, and
exact in all representations and promises to customers, has aided iu
establishing one of tiie most desirable trades in the Province. Mr,
Kobinson was married in 1859 to Miss Lizzie Kernohan, who was born
in London Township, her parents having immigrated to this county from
the County of Tyrone, Ireland. In his religious belief Mr. Kobinson
is a member of the ]\Iethodi,st Churcli, and one of its staunch sup-
porters.

Thomas Robinson.

Thomas Robinson, Reeve of Newbury and a prominent citizen, was
born in Carrowcrhie, County of Roscommon, Ireland, July, 1824 ; son
of George and Jane (Payne) Robinson, both natives of Ireland, where
they spent their lives and where the father was landed proprietor. Of
a family of fifteen children, twelve of whom reached maturity, Thomas
is the fourteenth in order of birth. He grew to manhood in his native
land, and at the time of the famine held a government stewardship.
In 1850 he immigrated to Canada, landing at Port Stanley, and came
to London where he remained a short time. The same year he came
to ]\Iosa Township and served a clerkship at Wardsville. In 1851 he
was appointed superintendent of a section of the Great Western Rail-
way, then building. Afterwards he established himself in business
(1855), thus starting the village of Newbury, and for twenty-two years
kept post-otfice, being appointed in 1858, and was aLso express agent.
Later he established a saw-mill which was destroyed by fire. In 1877

1 11-;!

■' I 111

984

HISTOUY OF THE

an explosion occurred which destroyed the mill and killed one man
and wounded others. ]\Ir. llobinson has served as Reeve of Newbury,
also Iteeve of Mosa and has served as a member of the School Board.
In ly55 he married Mrs. J. D. Anderson, a native of Scotland, who
immigrated to Canada at an early day and when quite young. They
had two sons and three daughters of whom but one, Kate (Mrs.
Thomas Andrews), is now living. Mr. Robinson is Conservative in
his political views, is I'ast Master of Albion Lodge, No. <S(), of the
A. F. & A. M,, a member of the English Church, and has been Warden
of Christ Church, Newbury, for the last twenty-five years.

Thomas E. Rob son.

Among the prominent pioneer residents of Middlesex County who
have become well known and are highly esteemed may be mentioned
the Robsons, who were first represented in Canada l)y George and
Elizabetli (Summers) Robson, who were born in Cumberland, England,
and came to Canada in 1821. They first located in Westminster
Township, but soon after moved to London Township, where tlie fiither
purchased a large and very fine tract of timber land, L'OD acres
of which was in Lobo Town,ship. He cleared his land himself, and
lived on the place where his son Thomas E. now resides until his
death, which occurred in 1SS5. He held a number of offices of trust
in his township, and took an active part in the Rebellion of 18o7,
being commissioned Lieutenant for services rendered. Thomas E.
Robson received the education and rearing of the average farmer's
boy, and at the death of his fatlier became the owner of a valuable
farm of 200 acres well adapteil for grazing, and abundantly supplied
with running water. He is extensively engaged in stock-raising, giv-
ing the most of his attention to raising fine horses of the C'ydesdale
breed, Lincnln.shire sheej) and Short-horned cattle. The people of
]\Iiddlesex ( 'ounty have; shown their ajijaeciation of the many sterling
business qualities possessed by Mr. Robson by electing him to the
office of I)ej)Uty-Reev(', to whieli ] position he has been re-elected by
acclamation and witliout opjtosition since l.S.S.3. He became a mem-
ber of the Militia 26th ISattalion, No. 8 Company, in 1882, and was
elected Lieutenant, .serving in this capacity until he was elected to the
office of Ca])tain, which ])osition he is holding at the present time,
drilling his Battalion in London. Mr. Robson is a member of the
Masonic frateriuty, and is a young man of estimable character, and is
justly entitled to a foremost place among the prominent men of Middle-
sex County,

Thomas L Rogers.

Thomas L. Rogers is prominent among the leading citizens of Park-
hill, and is a member of, and manager of, the Parkhill Banking Com-

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

985

pany, and Treasurer of the town. He was born near Montreal in
1849, and is a son of Colonel Robert and Mary J. (Kennedy) Rogers.
The father was boru in Scotland, and when young came with his
parents to Canada. They located near Montreal, and were well
known as early settlers of that region. In 186(3 he organized and was
commissioned Colonel of the 51st battalion of Heiningford Rangers,
and he was also in pctive service during the Rebellion of 18o7. For the
last fifty years he has been Collector of Customs at Franklin. His
wife, and the mother of our subject, is a descendant of an aristocratic
Irish family of County Down, Ireland, and when young she, also,
accompanied her parents to Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy were
drowned on the St. Lawrence river during a storm. Of a family of
seven sons, Thomas L. Rogers is the second child. He received all the
advantages of a good education, and graduated with honors from Hunt-
ingdon Academy. At the age of sixteen he accepted the responsible
])osition of manager of the money department in the union office of
the National, the United States and the Canadian E.xpress Companies,
which jiosition he held for five years. In 1874 he became manager
of the Exchange Bank at Bedford, Quebec, from which place, in 1877,
he was transferred to I'arkhill in order to attend to the business of the
bank at that place. In 1'^'82 he purcha.sed the business and organized
the Parkhill Banking Conijtany, of which his brother, R. A. Rogers,
is now a partner. Mr, Rogers has always been prominently identified
witli the advancement and improvement of the town, and is Chairman
of the Board of Public Education. In May, 1885, he was elected
Treasurer of the town, the duties of which office he is now faithfully
discharging. He is a Past Master of the Masonic Lodge, and is now a
member of the Blue Lodge. Mr. Rogers has been twice married. His
first wife, whom he married January 11, 1876, was Katheriiie Cant-
well, a daughter of the late William Cantwell, ex-M. P. P., of Hunting-
don County, and a pioneer of that county. Mrs. Rogers died in March,
1883, leaving one son and three daughters. The present wife of Mr.
liogers was Miss Maude Jervis, daughter of John Jervis, and a native
of St. Marys, Ontario. To them one child has been born. ]\Ir. Rogers
and family are highly respected members of the English Church.

W. F. ROOME, M.D., M.P.

Dr. W. F. Roome, physician and surgeon, at Newbury, and a
prominent representative citizen of Middlesex County, is a native of
the Comity of Kent, Canada, born November 21, 1841, and the son of
William F. Roome, who was a native of New Brunswick. His parents
came from England about the year 1800, and when William F. Roome,
sr., was twelve years of age they removed to the County of Kent.
Here W. F. married Miss Catherine McLean, a native of the High-
lands of Scotland, who when eleven years of age came with her parents

986

HISTORY OF THE

to Canada. Of a family of seven children, ])r. W. F. was the third.
He received the advantaj^es of a good common education, and remained
with liis parents imtil twenty years of age, wlien he hegan teaching in
the public schools. In 18G3 he entered the medical department of the
University of Michigan, and graduated from that institution in LSGd.
The same year he entered Kaljih School, Victoria College, Toronto, and
in 1869 he passed a satisfactory examination before the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. In 1867 he began the practice of hispro-
fession at Newbury, and has since resided here. He has taken an
active interest in the welfare of the village, and for the past .seventeen
years he has served as chairman of the Hoard of Public Education. In
1883 he was the Conservative candidate for Parliament from West
Middlesex for the House of Conunons, but was defeated by a small
majority. In 1887, at the general election, he was again the candidate,
and was elected to the position. After election a petition was filed,
and all other charges having been proved libelous and false, he was
unseated through the act of an agent, and coming again before the
public as a candidate in March, 18S8, he was re-elected with an
increased majority, and is now the sitting member from this district.
January 20, 1869, he married Miss Maggie Anderson, a native of
Wardsville, Ont., and a daughter of J. D. Anderson, who was a mer-
chant of the place. Their union has been blessed by one child, Wil-
liam R., who is at home. The family worshi]i at the Church of Eng-
land. The doctor is Past Master of Albion Lodge, No. 80, A. F. & A. M.
at Newbury, and also Past Grand of Mt. Zion Lodge of I. O. 0. F., and
has been Grand Kepresentative of this lodge several years.

George Routledge.

Geoige Iioutledge, farmer, is of English descent, the founders of
the family in America having settled in Canada very early. John
Routledge, the grandfather, was a native of Northumberland County,
England, a cattle dealer, and often visited Scotland to buy cattle, having
a farm called " Purufoot," well adapted to raising stock in Northumber-
land County. His wife Avas formerly Margaret Harrison, by whom he
was the father of the following family: — Margaret, Jennie, Mary,
Nancy, John, William and George. In 1819 he moved with his
family to Seneca County, N. Y., (Margaret and Jennie remained in
England) where he bought a cleared farm and lived five years ; then
removed to Ontario and bought 20U acres of land, partly improved, in
Westminster Townshij), Lot 72, East Talbot Eoad, the country being
in a very wild and iinsettled state at this period. London was not
built upon at that date, which compelled them to do the most of their
trading at St. Thomas. They were members . of the Church of Eng-
land, and the father died in 1826 at the age of sixty-two years, and
Mrs. Routledge iu 1846 at the age of eighty-two. William Routledge,

his son, M

man of t

where he

in his nat

to Miss Jj

which fan

following 1

Geoi-ge, W

John died

William 1

Koad, 100

passed his

the age of

Tlie motl.ei

son George

I'eared to i.

followed tlu

and well-ini

■'"id has the

sliowing the

i'ollowiiig oH

served eight

of the Count

ship, whicli

to Miss Sai-a:

son) Carrotlu

^Martha M.

Masons, and

and Preside!

Methodist CI

^ Andrew Ro

English descej

Johii Routledf

He immigrate

Seneca Count)

and five childr

children who ,

tJeorge, Mary 'i

and then in IS

I'albot Road.

was a man of c

iaiid, besides 2(

was born in En

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

98';

his son, was born on the old homestead in England, and when a young
man of twenty-two years of age came with his parents to Canada,
where he iissisted in clearing a farm. He received a good education
in his native land, and after coining to tiio New World was married
to ^liss Jannet, a daughter of John and Christina (McAdara) Beattie,
which family was Scotch, and immigrated to Canada in IS'.V2. The
following are the children born to Willitim and Mrs. Koutledge — John,
George, William, Andrew, Margaret, Christian, Jane, Mary and James.
John died at the age of nineteen year.s, but all tlie rest are living.
AVilliam Routlcdge settled on the east half of Lot 72, East Talbot
Road, 100 acres, but he owned 425 acres in the Township, and here he
passed his days and reared his family, his death occurring in 187S at
the age of seventy-six years, after a well-,spent and honorable career.
The mother of the family died in 1S87, aged seventy-four years. His
son George was born on the old homestead in 1836, and was there
reared to manhood, receiving a common school education. He has
followed the occupation of farming throughout life, and now has a fine
and well-improved farm of 100 acres on the 5th Concession, Lot 7,
and has the confidence and respect of all who know him, the people
showing their belief in his honor and ability by electing him to the
following othces: — Was elected to the Township Council in 1875, and
served eight years ; was seven years Deputy-lleeve, and was a member
of the (.'ounty Council, and in 1884 appointed Treasurer of the Town-
ship, which office he still holds. In 1873 he was united in marriage
to Miss Sarah A. Carrothers, a daughter of David and Malinda (Thomp-
son) Carrothers, and by her has three children — Ella J., Nettie M., and
Martha JNI. Mr. Itoutledge is a member of the Belmont Lodge of
Masons, and director of the Westminster Fire Insurance Company,
and President of the Board in 1888. They are members of the
Methodist Church.

Andrew Routledge.

Andrew Routledge, farmer, is a descendant of a pioneer family of
English descent, and the son of William Routledge, and grandson of
John Routledge, a farmer in Cumberland County, England. (See above,)
He immigrated to New York State in 1817, settled near Geneva,
Seneca County, and there brought his family, consisting of his wife
and five children. He left two daughters in the Old Country. The
children who came with him were named as follows : — John, William,
George, Mary and Nancy. Here Mr. Routledge lived for five years,
and then in 1822 moved to Lambeth, and settled on Lot 72, North
Talbot Road. He died in 1820. He was one of the old pioneers, and
was a man of comfortable circumstances, having a small farm in Eng-
land, besides 200 acres where he lived in Canada. His son William
was born in England, and was a young man of twenty-two when his

988

HISTORY OF THE

father settled at Lambeth. He married Miss Jannet Eeattic, dau.^liter
of John and Christina (McAdam) Beattie. To Mr. and Mrs. Ituut-
ledge were born nine children — John, George, William, Andrew,
Margeret, Christian, Jane, Mary and Janii"^. After marriage Mr.
lioutledge settled down to farming on part oi the old homestead, and
here he remained all his life. Mr. Routledge was a man who gave
his hearty snp])ort to all landable enterprises. He was one of tlie old
pioneers who did so much and worked so hard to improve the country.
He was a prosjierous man, was the owner of much valuable laud, and
had money out at interest. He was a member of the Church of Eug-
land. He assisted all his sons to a start in life. Andrew Routledge,
subject of this sketch, was born on the old homestead in IS-in, and
received a good English education. He learned farming in early life,
and married Miss Sarah lieattie, daughter of James and Sarah
(Schram) Beattie. ^Ir. and Mrs. Routledge became the parents of
four children — William, Beatrice J., James (deceased), and George.
James Beattie was of Scotch descent, and settled in Westminster
Township on tlie farm now occupied by Andrew Routledge, on Lot 71,
North Talbot Road. Mv. Routledge first began farming on the 5th
Concession, Lot 7 of Westminster. This farm he cleared, and then
bought the farm where he now lives. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, Past jMaster, and has, like his father, taken an active
interest in all that tends to improve the township. He gives liberally
to all laiidable enterprises, and is a first-class citizen. He and wife are
members of the Church of England. He is the owner of 150 acres of
land and a store in Lambeth. William, his eldest son, is attending
the Veterinary College, Toronto.

Nelson Sage.

Nelson Sage was born in the County of Oxford in June, 18;!3, his
father being William Sage, born in the County of Oxford, who came
to Canada at an early period of its history, and followed the occujia-
tions of farming and milling. He was married to Miss Dorothy
McClary, a daughter of John McClary, one of the early settlers of the
county, a sketch of whom appears on another page of this volume. To
Mr. and Mrs. Sage seven children were born, Nelson being their third
child. He was reared on a farm, and became thoroughly familiar with
the details of farm labor, and also with stock raising, and throughout
life has proven himself a man of more than ordinary resoiirct^s iu
adapting himself to any calling that would yield profitable returns.
He has been interested in furnishing the railroads with wood, and has
als jandled real estate very successfully. He has given cousideralilo
attention to buying and shipping horses, and of late years has devoted
his time largely to the two last-named callings. He has valuable
landed propeky in the county to the amount of 700 acres, all of which

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

989

has been acquired through his own good management and industry.
In 1857 he was marrieil to ^liss Catlierine Eyer, wiio was born in
Mprkhain, and by her has a family of six children, tlu'ee sons and three
daughters — Emma J. (wife fif William Littler), VVillard (wlio married
Miss Emma Freeland), Frank (who nwtiried Miss Minnie Lodge),
Maud (wife of Dr. Gustin), Victoria and uj.

W. H. SANBORN.

W. H. Sanborn, dealer in groceries and provisions, is deservedly
ranked among among the leading citizens of London, Ontario, and was
born in London Township, Middlesex County, in 1852. He was the
sixtli of nine children, and until fourteen years of age his life was
spent upon a farm. He then began his mercantile life as clerk in
a grocery store, and continued this business for several years, becoming
thoroughly proficient with all the details of the business. In 187(5 he
embarked in business for himself, his capital consisting of his strong
hands, hopefid spirit, determination and economical habits. From
time to time he added to his small stock of goods, until his business
has assumed its present large jn'oportions, and it is not overstating tlie
truth to sfiy that no man in London has attained a more enviable
position as a business man or whose efforts have been attended with
more substantial results. He is always pleasant and accommodating
in his social as well as business relations, and now commands a large
and lucrative trade. He was married in LS75 to Miss Mary Trebil-
cock, a native of Cornwall, England. She died in September, 1887,
having borne one son, Ray, who died at the age of nine years.

David Sare.

David Sare, a worthy and well-to-do business man of London, Ont.,
was born in London, England, January 1, 1843, and is a son of John
and Maria (Shaw) Sare, both of whom were of English birth. David
was the tenth of their large family of children, fifteen in number,
and at an early day began working at the shoemaking, and after-
wards at the cabinet-making trade. In 185'J he enlisted in the British
mititary service, in what was known as the 8th of Ivings Hanoverian
White Horse, and after serving for some time his father purchased his
discharge. In 1860 he again enlisted, this time in the 5ord Shrop-
shire Kegiment, which he served for ten years, being ordered with his
regiment to Canada in 1807, in consequence of the Fenian invasion,
holding at the time the position of pay-sergeant. He then received his
discharge, but he remained with the regiment, catering for the ofticers
for six years, until they embarked for the West Indies. Mr. Sare then
returned to Loudon, there having married in 1867 ]\Iiss Mary, daugh-

990

HISTOUY OF THK

ter of Charles and Sarah Wallace, the former being an old settler, and
for thirty years was in the employ of Mr. Ilyinan. Mr. Sare enj^aged
in the hotel bu8ines.s after his retnrn to London, and has since given
his attention to attending to the wants of the public. As a citizen,
no less than a business man, he has gained an honorable place in the
estimation of all, and is a universal favorite. He and wife have a
family of eight children — John ("Is., Sarah M., David T., Harry E.,
Sidney W., Louie 13 , Maud M., and Yw.d A. Mr. Sare is a member
of the ^lasonic fraternity, the Sons of England, St. George's, A. 0. of
Foresters, and the Shepherds.

Isaac Sargent.

Isaac Sargeant, contractor and builder, was born in Devonshire,
England, in 1842, his parents being John and Betsy (Jordan) Sargent,
the former being a tailor by occupation. Isaac was reared in his
native shire and served a regular apprenticeshiji at the contractor's and
builder's trade, which calling he has followed throughout life. In
18G9 he came to London where, in 1873, he began taking contracts
for himself, erecting, in 1884, a planing-mill, and is thoroughly jire-
pared to do all kinds of work in his line. He commands a large share
of the public patronage and is doing a thriving business. In 18G3 he
was married to Miss Ann Lane, a native of Canada, and his union has
resulted in the birth of five children — John, James, William, Elizabeth
and Albert. Mr. Sargent is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Royal
Arch Degree, and is also one of the Sons of England.

John Scandrett.

John Scandrett, grocery man and liquor merchant, was born in
County Down, Ireland, in 1829, his parents being Jacob and Ann
(Wright) Scandrett, both of whom were of Scotch birth, and who became
the parents of four sons and one daughter — Thomas, Richard, John,
Joseph and Maria (who mamed Robert Dickey). Only two of the
children are now living — Richard and John. In 18o2 the family
determined to seek their fortune in the New World and immigrated to
Canada, settling on Lot four, of the Fourth Concession, of Middlesex
County, but were obliged to begin life in their new home without the
aid and guidance of the mother, she having died on the oceaTi. The
subject of this sketch was only three years of age at this time. He
was reared on a farm and became thoroughly familiar with the details
of husbandry and stock raising, and followed these callings successfully
until 1860, when, in connection with F. A. Fitzgerald, he engaged in
the grocery business. This relation existed until 1876, then Mr. Scan-
drett embarked in the same business on his own account, and as he

COUNTY OF MIDDF.KSEX.

DIM

lias ever earnestly endeavored to do as he would be done by, he has
j^'ained the esteem and good-will of all who know him. He carries a
very coni])lete stock of goods, and care is always taken to select
tlie choicest and most ])oj)ular brands of liquors as well as the best
groceries, and the jiatronage the house enjoys speaks very forcibly
for its popularity. For over fourteen years he was located at the
market, his rents amounting as high as .SB.SOO per year, but this in-
cluded the use of the liay scale and all fees. In connection with his
brother Joseph he rented all tlie toll roads in tlie county excepting
two or three. Tn 185:! he was married to Miss May, a daughter
of John Fitzgerald, who settled in London Township in 1820. They
have a family of six children — Isabel (wife of William Magee), Emma
(wife of T. A. Bronn), John ]'.., Joseph W., Thomas W., and Frederick li.

LEONARD H. SCANDRETT.

Leonai'il 11. Scantlrett, of the grocery firm of Fitzgerald, Scatidrett
& Co., of London, Ontario, is one of the well known and honored
business men of the county, and no history of the same would be com-
jjletti without giving his name honorable mention, as the family has
been connected with its atlairs since l.S.!2. Jacob Scandrett, the
grandfather of Leonard H., was born in Scotland, but at an early day
settled in the North-west of Ireland, where he married Ann Wright,
hy whom he became the father of four sons and one daughter —
Thomas, Richard, John, Jose})h and Maria, the latter being the wife of
Robert Dickey. In 1832 the family immigrated to Canada and .settled
ill London Township, IVIiddlesex County. Here Joseph, the youngest
son, was reared on a farm, and in the meantime acquired a thorough
knowledge of stock raising; but gave this up in 185U to engage in the
grocery business in company with F. A. Fitzgerald, and continued thus
associated until his deatli in 1 862, leaving, besides his widow, whose
maiden name was Rebecca Fitzgerald, and who still survives him,
three children — Dina, Maria (wife of Rev. A. M. McCuUoch) and
Leonard H. The latter was born in Middlesex County, October 2'J,
1858, and was reared and educated in the City of London, having
been engaged in merchandising since boyhood. In 1877 he became
associated with his uncle, ¥. A.F'itzgerald, in the grocery and provision
business, and the large and paying i)ationage the house enjoys speaks
volumes for their ])opularity as honorable business men and for the
choice quality of their goods. In 1883 he was married to Miss Flor-
ence, a daughter of J. H. Belton, who is a resident of London, and was
one of the early settlers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. IScandrett have
two children — Harold B. and Clarence J.

GEORGE SCATES.

George Scates, one of the leading farmers and self-made men of
County Middlesex, is a native of County York, Ontario, born Decem-

092

HISTOUY OK rilE

ber 2(), 18,'i7, Jiml is a son nf ■lames uiid Siinili (Iliizlewood) Scatos,
luiLives of Kiij,'Iaii(l, and both horn m tlu; year ISOii. Tlie lornier died
in IS6G, buL tbe latter is still livinj,', and is a resident of Eiifrid Town-
ship. Tiio father was a lirickniaker by occupation, and Ins diiath took
phice in County Elgin, Ontario. Of the seven cliildren born to tlieir
union, five are now livinj,', and Cieoroo Soates is tlie second in order of
birth. His jiarents came to Canada in 1834, settled in County York,
where they remained for about three years, and theu removed to
County Wentworth, where they nMuained for fifteen years ; from here
they then removed to County Eljjin. CJeorgo Scates attended the
schools of Dundas, Ontario, and received a good common school educa-
tion. Jle learned the brickmakiii",' business, and followed that avoca-
tion exclusively until twenty-three years of a<,'e, when he bej,'an farm-
ing on shares. He came to Ekfrid Township in 1861, and for five
years lived on rented farms, after which he nuide brick for two years.
In ISO'.I he, in partnershi]) with his brother, borrowed money and
bought 12U acres of woodland. At the end of four years' lalxjr ho
foreclosed his brother's interest, and is now the owner of a well-
improved farm of 170 acres, with excellent buildings. He is also, and
has been for quite a number of years, engaged in the dairy business,
and has been making brick ever since he bought his farm, with tlio
excejjtion of about four years. He was married November 12, 18()7,
to Miss Letitia Hamilton, who was born in Ireland in February, 18o',i,
and who is the daughter of L'obert and Ann (Elliott) Hamilton. Her
father died in Ireland in the latter part of 1838, and her mother was
born in Monaghan, County Ulster, Ireland, in IcSOO, but passed Ikt
last days in Ekfrid Township, dying in 1864. To Mr. and Mrs. Scales
were born five children — Sarah Ann, born September 17, 18()8; Minnie
Jane, born May o, 1871; Elizabeth L, born October 22, 1874; one
boy, born April 12, 1875; and Letitia, born June 12, 1876. Mr.
Scates is an uncompromising Keformer in his political views, and iu
1887 he was elect(;d a member of the Council of Ekfrid Townshiji.
The family attend the IJaptist Church, and are highly respected
wh"rever known. Mr. Scates is one of the most enterprising men of
Ek ' 1 Township, and his success in life may be attributed tti his
untn'ing energy and good management, along with that of his wife.

Henry Rapleje Schram.

Henry R. Schram, Dominion detective, was born in the " Forest
City," August 15, 1841, and is a son of Peter Schram, a native of
Germany. The latter came to Middlesex County in 1818, and was
chosen its first high constable, being in office with Sheriff Rapleje. He
served through the Rebellion of 1837 as Captain of au Indian Company,
and died October, 18G9. His wife, who is yet living, at the age of ti6
years, was formerly a Miss Margaret Eeattie, and their union was

''less(.'(l ii
I'lielstoii,
-f'^'norald
Jiichard J
(a surged
''iuigliter,
"liah ]{. (,
<iie(l in !«
J'lttf'i' Was
learned tin
J)e])nty H
County, rec
position lie
^'^'ODt oflicc
assistants.
I'ainstakiiifr
('.scape Jiini.
foresters, of
Oiangenien
/"• of JJoljeit
'"wnship in
Margaret J, J

Among t\
f >"g the piori
'^crouton was I

s^," of James a
a builder by tn
reared under tli
a»d after tlie
B"tish Army,
Jo'' ten years— I,
f e was also on
Alter coming he
;vent to work at
J'hurch, which V
Jmiself, and did
tje city. Thei
'nan tJiat of Mr
"Dited with the '
7 ^n the same
yueen's Avenue
oldest members o
betn McLaughlin

COUNTY OF MIDULK8EX.

993

111

hip.

;cted

!U of

his

uvest

ve of

\va3

He
bauy,
lof h6

was

blessed in tbc; birth of five cbildreii :— Jiiiie T. (who first ta.irrioil Ciipt.
I'uolstdii, of tlic Nl'iid Keginieiit, a son of Sir llicliurd 1). I'liclston, of
Enieruld I'luk, Enj^land, by whom slio bucunie tiie mother of one son,
Itichard J.; after her husband's death she wedded Dr. Henry Hainson,
(a sur<,'eon of tlio IJritish Meilical Stall') ; Mary Caroline (tliu second
ilaughter, married Capt. A<^assiz, of the Hiird Welsh Fusiliers) ; .lere-
niiah I), (who isdejuity collector of Internal Ilevenue) ; Andrew. I. (who
died in 18(5(1), and Henry II. (whose name heads this sketchj. The
latter was reared and educated in his native county, and in early life
learned the trade of contracitor, but was afterwards ajjpointed first
Deputy High Constable and (,'ri(!r for all the courts of Middlesex
County, receivinj^ in l!SiS7 the appointment of High Constable, which
position he is at present filling. Mr. Schram is a thoroughly intel-
ligent ofliecr, antl has a stafl" (jf thoroughly reliable and experienced
assistants. He has earned the reputation of a careful, shrewd and
painstaking ofKcer, who allows no clew for the working up of a case to
escape him. He is a member of the A. F, & A. M., the I. O. of
Foresters, of which he is Past-Chief Hanger, and also belongs to the
Orangemen. In 1864 he was married to Miss Jane Itobson, a daugh-
ter of Robert Robson, who settled on the 12th Concession of London
Township in 1820. She was born August itO, 1841, and lias one child,
Margaret J. 1'. Schram.

SAMUEL SCREATON.

Among those who have a well-earned reputation as a builder,
being the pioneer iu his line, is the subject of this sketch. Samuel
Screaton was born in Leicestershire, England, August, 1811, and is the
son of James and Jennie (Hazlewood) Screaton. James Screaton was
a builder by trade, <and at this business the subject of this sketch was
reared under the guidance of his father. After reaching his majority,
and after the death of his parents, Samuel Screaton enlisted in the
British Army, was assigned to duty in the 14th Regiment, and served
for ten years — five years in Ireland and five years in the West Indies.
He was also one year in Canada, to which place he came in 1842.
After coming here he purchased his discharge, moved to London, and
went to work at his trade, his first employment being on the English
Church, which was then building. He soon commenced working for
himself, and did the brickwork of many of the prominent buildings of
the city. There is no man in the city whose record is more enviable
than that of Mr. Screaton. In 1835, while in the West Indies, he
united with the Alethodist Church, an'^ ''.as since been an active mem-
ber in the same. For thirty-five j s he was choirmaster of the
Queen's Avenue Methodist Church, and is a trustee and one of the
oldest members of the same. He was married in 1844 to Miss Eliza-
beth McLaughlin, who was born near the Isle of Bute, Scotland. To

yit4

HISIOIIY fiK TIIK

this ttiiioii wore lK>m thirtoen oliildrcn, viz.: — Tohii (in postal sorvicc),
Archibald, lSiiiniU)l, ('hiirles iiiul lIurlK'rt (Imth Ixiilik'rs), Kdmuiiil,'
Jainos, Kliziihcth (now Mrs. C'arles Teale, of Toronto), and Lucy, and
four wlu) arc! deceased. In every walk of lift! the cai'eer of Mr, Sitcu-
toM hashtuiii above; criticism or reproach. He receives and merits the
respect of all who know him.

John D. Shahman,

John D. Sharnian, the present Assi.stant Postma-stor of London, was
born in the County Kildare, Ireland, on the I'Dth December, 1H;!2.
His jiarents having' died when he was quite young, he was adopted by
his aunt, Mrs. E. Mann, of l)ana<,'her, Ivin^^'s County, his father's .sister,
who placed him under the care of ^lessrs. Monek & M(;l)(jnon^h, who
kei)t a private academy in that town. He remained under their
instructions for five years, and afterwards under a jivivate tutor, Mr.
Mahon, jtreparatory to the commencinj,' the study of enyineeiini,' and
surveying,', remaining at that jn'ofes.sion from 1848 to IS50. He made
up his mind to visit Canada, which he did, sailing on the -ith of .luly,
1850. After a very ]>leasant voyage of seven weeks, he arrived in
London on the 28th of September. London had then a ]ioj)ulation of
7,000. After a short season he engaged in the dry goods laisiness,
most of which time ho served with the tirm of Lawrason, ( 'liisholm &
Co. (late Lawrason & Goodhue), corner of Dundas and Talbot streets,
south side. On the 1st of February, 18r)9, Mr. Sliarnian aeeepLed a
position as Post-oflice Clerk at London, the late Mr. L. Lawless then
being postmaster. In June, 1881, he was apjminted Assistant Post-
master, the vacancy liaving been created l\y the su])erannuatiou of
Mr. Lawless and the promotion of Mr. R. J. C. Dawson, the assistant,
to the postma.ster.shii>.

He has been a member of the School Hoard for fifteen years, was
elected Chairman in January, 1887, iti which year lie laid the corncsr
stone of the Simcoe Street School, a building costing in the neighbor-
hood of §40,000. In the years 1870, 1880 and 1881 he reiiresented
old No. 7 Ward at the City Council. He also sat as Director of the
Western Fair in 1887-8. As a society man he always took an active
part, having been initiated as a member of the Masonic fraternity in
October, 1856, and is also a memtier and Past Most Wise Sovereign
of the A. &. A. Rite, Ro.se Croix Chapter, and is now the jjresent (irand
Master of the Lodge of Perfection, and Past Chief Ranger of the
Independent Order of Foresters, and Past Master Workman of the
London Lodge of the A. O. U. W. On the 24th of October, ISiU, he
was married to Sarah A., eldest daughter of the late William Barker,
Es(|., London, by whom he has had five children — William, Emma,
Annie, Robert and Kate. Mr. and Mrs. Sharraan are members of the
Churcli of England, and own a very nice home on Richmond street
north.

Jiimes
County Ti
Reliecoa (I
perary. 'j'

^' occupnt
^'""'ort, ills
flood on a i
'" IX'M) cat
'■iiid reiicli(.(l
"t once to I
•'"", and ill!
chased of u
0" which Wii
"xen and .s(ji
many yoarn
uveiitually si
"iidcr his .sl<i
J'f resided ui
l>y hi.s widow
blessetl (heir
(deceased ), J,
Margjii-et, Jail
bottom was vi
occupation of
a good farm ,,
soil a good fai
■"I'l'iii's, althou'
iiiid has fill,.,
of the Oraiig,
""I'ortant oMic
members. ()i
^vlio was born
pii'minent aia
•''•■■ssed in tliu
-if- (married tc
•'ames MeCnl
Henry W., Sai

, I>r. Geoige
"> Middlesex C
•iiiJ Catherine
the early .settle

COUNTY OF MIDPLESFX

JAMES C. SHOEBOTTOM.

906

was
hnu'.r
liViiir-
jiited
If the
ictivc
lily in
Irei'^"
llvaud
If the
lif the
]")-l, he
lavker,
Liniua,
fof the
stveot

.Tiuncs ('. Shdeliiittdiii, liiMiitT, of Middlesex County, w;ih horn in
County Tipjioiiuy, Iivliuul, Auj,'ust 22, 1827, ami i.s a son of .lohn and
JU'liocca (Colbi'it) Shot'liottoiii, wlio wen' also nativi's of County Tip-
pciary. The jiatcnial ^^randfatlicr, William Shouhottoni, was a favima'
in- occupation, anil died in his native land. The mother's father, .lohn
Colbert, also died in Ireland, dolm Shoebottom was reared to man-
hood on a farm in Ireland, and was there married to Miss Colbert, and
in ISoOcame with her to Canada. They took pa.ssa«,'e at Limerick,
and reached Quebec after a nine weeks' ocean voya'^e, and proceeded
at once to London. He had (ionsiderable money left on reaching Lon-
dun, and immediately invested in lOO acres of land, which ho pur-
chased of a man from the United States, payinj^ himS'20() for his tract,
on which waa erected a little loj^ cabin. He also bouj^ht a yoke of
oxen and .some sheep, ami conunenced his life in the forest, and for
many years his ax was in coiLstant use in clearing,' his land. Ho
eventually succeed(!d in accomplishinj,' his i)urpose, his farm Incoming,
under his skillful mana,uem(-nt, one of the best in the township. Hero
he resided until his death, which occurred in January, ISGti, followed
l)y his widow's death in January of the following year. Eleven children
blessed their union, all of whom lived to maturity — William, Sarah
(deceased), John (deceased), Ann, (deceased), Rebecca (doceaseil), VAvm,
Margaret, James (',. Tbonuis ('., ^lavy and Lsaac. James ('. Shoe-
bottom was reared in London Township, and has always followed tho
occupation of farming, at which ho has been quite successful. Ho has
a good farm of ^."U acres, which is well improved, and has given his
son a good farm. He has always taken a deep interest in educational
allairs, although his own early educational advantages were limited,
and has fdleil the otlice of School Tru.stee for years. Ho is a member
of tlie Orangemen, in which organization ho has held a number of
iuijiortant ollices, but of late years has given way for the younger
members. October L'O, IS.")2, he was married to jMargaret .McGuilin,
who was born in Middlesex Coimty, and is a member of one of the
pmminent and early families of tho county, and their union has been
bkssiKl in the birth of ten children, eight of whom are living — John
M. (married to Sanih A. Shoiibottom), Margaret A., llebecca (wife of
James Mc(;unin), Albert (nuirried to Sarah lladkins), William M.,
Henry W., Sarah M., ami ^Liry H.

Dr. George Shoults.

Dr. George Shoults, physician and surgeon, at St. John's, was born
in Middlesex County, Canada, in ]\Iarch, 1851), and is a son of John
and Catherine (Carter) Shoults. The maternal grandfather was one of
the early settlers, and was well known throughout Middlesex County,

;t'!i:t=

996

HISTORY OF THE

having held various offices of trust therein. The patprnal gi'andfather
was one of the first settlers in McGillivray Townsliip, and carried on
the nursery business for a number of years ; the old homestead still
being known as the liursery farm. He raised the first barn in the
township at which whisky was not sup])lied for the friends who
assisted him, and throughout life was noted for his strong temperance
principles. He was a total abstainer from the use of all intoxicating
beverages and tobacco, and throughout his career of 85 years, he never
knowingly tasted either of them. He was a member of the Methodist
Church, though very tolerant with all who differed from him in
religious views. The first Methodist burying ground in the com-
munity was on his farm ; he liaving donated the ground for that pur-
I)o.se and the erection of a Methodist church. He was well known as
a firm opposer of all that was evil, and , promoter of all that was for
the honor and glory of the Lord.

His son, John, was born in York County, Canada, and for a num-
ber of years was engaged in farming, but is now engaged in the grain
trtide at Parkhill. He has a family of two sons and tliree daughters,
of which Dr. George is the oldest. I^r. George lived on the farm with
his parents until he was seven years of age, when they removed to
town. After attaining a suitable age he bought grain for his father
for two years, and then commenced the study of medicine at Trinity
Medical College, Toronto, where he ]nit in three .sessions, and then
finished his course of study at the Western Medical School, London.
He began to practice medicine at Han-ow, in Essex County, but was
burned out in 18(S7, when lie bought out Dr. Bice, of St. Johns, and
now of Denver, Colorado. In 1883 he was united in marriage 'o Miss
Agnes Thomson, who died three months later, and in 188;") he took
as his second wife, ^liss Sarah J, Symons, daughter of the late W.ti.
Symons, of London. The doctor and his wife are members of tl.e
Methodist Church, and he belongs to the Knights of Pythias, and is
at present medical health officer for the Town-ship of London.

Joseph Simmons.

Joseph Simmons, builder, of London, Out., was born in Devonshire
England, March 25, IM')!, his parents, llobert and Bessie (Sta])leton'
Sinmaons, being natives of the same place. Joseph Simmons, the fifth
of their nine children, was reared in DevoiLshire, and in his early days
served a seven years' a])prenticeship at the carpenter's and Ijuikler's
trade, becoming thoroughly familiar with all its details. In 1871 he
immigrated to ( 'anada, locating in Loudon, but only remained here a
short time, when he went to Chicago and spent one winter. He tlieu
<!ame back to London, where he has continued to make in's home i\\) to
the present time. About LSZH ho commenced doing work on his own
account, and owing to the neatness and durability of his work has built

up a go
born in (
blessed j
Edwin, ,

Simmons
of the Co
the A. 0.
Iiodge.

I'here :
population
honorable, i
those who I
of this sket(
County of ,
Simpson, w;
several gene
-Ann Fenton
four hundred
wlio was not(
^fra. Simpsoi
•Hei'bert C. w
Was reared f
i" commenced v
his fathei^ wh
of age he wei
of twenty br
vV'orks. He
when he entei
come to Canac
date of his le
nearly two ye
^["ne to Lond.
s"ice made hi;
occupation, i
account, in con
"ntler the firm
«eJves not only
successful bu.si
patronage in tht
^Ir. Simjisoi
Ja.st meeting wu
t" the entile sat
was the fii'st

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

997

up a good business,
born in Canada, was
blessed in the birth

His union with Miss AFary A. Hill, who was
consummated in 1(S69, and their union has been
of ten children — Edith. .Fohn, Charles, Joseph,
Edwin, Arthur, Victor, Amelia, Ettie and George. Mr. and Mrs.
Simmons are members of the Methodist Church, and he is a member
of the Corinthian Lodge of A. F. & A. M., and is Past Chief Ranger in
the A. 0. of Foresters, and has represented this Lodge in the Grand
Lodge.

Herbert C. Simpson.

There is perhaps no city in the Dominion in proportion to its
population that numbers among its inhabitants a greater number of
honorable, reliable and competent contractors than London, and among
those who have attained to a well-merited j)rominencc is the subject
of this sketch. Herbert C. Simpson was born in tiie Village of Kirton,
County of SuHblk, England, January 31, 1S47. His father, James
Simpson, was a native of the same place, as was his ancestry for
several generations. The maiden naine of his mother was Elizabeth
Ann Fenton. She was born in Kirton, and traces her ancestry back
four hundred years. She is a lineal descendant of Dudley Fenton,
who was noted as being the warm personal friend of William IJufus.
Mrs. Simpson is still living, at the advanced age of eighty years.
Herbert C. was the tenth child in a family of eleven children. He
was reared at his birthplace, and after attaining a suitable age he
conmienced working at the trade of bricklayiTig under the guidance of
his father, who followed this calling. When he was seventeen years
of age he went to London, England, where he was a])pointed foreman
of twenty bricklayers working on the Crystal Palace District Gas
Works. He remained in London and vicinity until June 12, 1872,
when he entered into a contiact with the Montreal Gas Company to
come to Canada, they paying his expenses and .S'J.'iO j)er day from the
date of his leaving England; and he remained in their eni])loy fur
nearly two years. After living in Montreal about three years, he
came to London, Ontario, arriving liore Marcli 16, 1875, and he has
since made his home in this city, where ho has pursued his chosen
occupation. In liSS4 he commenced taking contracts on his own
account, in connection with Scott Miu'ray, a partner in the business,
under the firm name of Simpson & Murray. They have proven them-
selves not only thoroughly competent contractors, but honorable and
successful business men, and thev are securing a liberal share of
patronage in their line.

Mr. SiTupson is a member of the Builders' Exchange, and at the
last meeting was elected Secretary of the .same, a position he is filling
to the entire satisfaction of those who ]ilaced him in this office. He

was the first

delegate

from the Bricklavers' Union, No. 5, to the

998

HISTORY OF THE

general convention in Cincinnati. Ue is also prominent in Masonic
circles, l)ein<^ a V. ^I., Coriiitliian Lodge, No. ."loO ; P. As,st. G. D. of C,
Grand Lodge of Canada; T. Z., St. George's Clia])ter, No. 5; P. P.,
Richard Creur de Lion Prece]itory, No. 4 ; P. G. Sword Pearer, Sove-
reign Great I'riory of Canada, K. T. ; Present Prior of London District ;
London Lodge of Perfection, 14 , No. A. ; London Sovereign Cha])ter,
Rose Croix, 18' ; Saltanat Tenijile, A. A. O. N. M. S., G. R. C. Mr. Simp-
son has been twice married — fir.st, on February 1(1, 1870, to Miss Sarah,
daughter of the late Captain Sniitli, Gore of London ; slie died Novem-
ber 1, 188(1. He selected for his second wife Miss Catharine Ardill,
their marriage occurring September 22, 188(j. She is a daughter of the
late James Ardill, one of the first Directors of the Royal Standard Loan
Company.

William J. Simpson, Esq.

One of the old and ])rominent settlers of Glencoe, is a native of the
Countj of Fermanagh, Ireland, born August 4, 182;.!, son of Clu'is-
topher Simpson, an officer in the British army, and Elizabeth (Hiclvey)
Simpson, both natives of Ireland. In l8o6 they came to Canada,
where they settled in ^losa Township, Middlesex (Jounty, the same
year. Here they passed their last days, the fiither dying in 1848, at
the age of sixty-two years, and tlie mother dying in 1880, at the age of
ninety-two years. Christojiher Simpson was ai)[)ointed Ca])tain of the
Militia and had charge of the same during the llebellion. Of a family
of five children, William J. is the eldest. He came to Canada with
his parents and received a thorough education. At the age of twenty-
two years he was iniited in marriage to ^liss Joannah Tucker, a native
of Mosa Township, and a daughter of John Tucker, an early pioneer of
that township. Immediately following their marriage they located on
a farm in Mosa Township, near Glencoe, where he engaged in agricul-
tural pursuits. Two years later, at the death of his father, he took
charge of the homesteatl, and in 188.'! retired from active business life,
settled in the Village of Newbury, and being burned out there in 1SS8,
he removed to Glencoe.

^Ir. Simpson has always been active in public matters, and has
served the people as Justice of the Peace for the i)ast thirty years.
He has also for many years held the Cajitaincy of Comj)any No. 4, .Sth
Battalion, Middlesex. Prior to this appointment he held the connnis-
sion of Quartermaster of the Battalion. He was for thirty years a
member of the Boaid of Public Education, and during his residence in
Mosa, Mr. Simp.son has taken at active interest in the .advancement of
agriculture, and was comiected with the Alosa Agricultural Society.
He is a member of the L. 0. L., serving as D. M. He and family
■worshij) at the ( 'hurch of England, and enjoy the respect and estet;m
of all who know them. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson are the parents of

fourteei
three di
age of fo

native o
same pin

Levvi.<-
family tl;
County, ;
Loyalist d
the Unite(
northward
the line b
lie was in
where lie r
now called
was mairic
putclie.ss C
"ig cliildrt
daughters,
man whose
lived with 1
After I'each
was boi'!i Ji
i"g childrei
'^olm, Jose)
Township, v
member of t
<'aptam, and
"1 the Buttle
V the Amer
I^ieutenaiit :
He was a n
*\d)ruaiy, IH
W'as born in
the age of (
''angliter of .1
two of whom
family have 1
I'lea.santly siti
ci'Ior and Ih'
I'ortant positi(

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

f)'.)9

fouvteen children, nine sons and five daughters, of whom four sons and
three daugliters are now living. Mrs. Simpson died in LSVS, at the
age of forty-seven. She was a iaithfid wife and a devoted mother. In
1<S71', Mr. Simpson took for his second wife Miss Amelia Ward, a
native of Wardsville, and a daughter of Captain A. D. Ward, of the
same place, from whose family the village took its name.

Lewis Simfson.

Lewis Simpson is of Engli.sh and German descent, is a member of a
family that became represented in the United States in Dutchess
County, New York, and whose grandfather, John Simpson, was a
Loyalist during the American IJevolution. After the Colonies became
the United States, he would not remain in the country, but moved
northward and settled as he supposed in Lower Canada. Then, when
the line liecame established betwixt the States and Canada, he found
he was in Vermont State;. lie then moved to Odell Town, L. (J.,
where he resided for a number of years, and then moved to HoUowcdl,
now called I'icton, U. C, and settled on a fai'ui, and died in 1>S27. He
was married to a lady by the name of Miss Lewis before he left
Dutchess County, N. Y., by wliom he became the father of the follow-
ing children: — Jose]ih, Morrice, John, Joel and Josiah, and three
daughters. Morrice Simpson, one of the sons, and father of the gentle-
man whose name heads this sketch, was born February 26, 1788, and
lived with his uncle, William Lewis, after his father moved to I'icton.
After reaching manhood he was married to ]Miss Polly Vanvliet, who
was born July L'o, 1790. By her he became the father of the follow-
ing children: — Melisa, Alniira, Amanda, Lewis, Emiline, (.'atherine,
John, Jose])h and Caroline. In 183.") he moved to Westminster
Township, where he cleared U]) a heavy timbered farm. Me was a
member of the militia, and filled all the ]iositions from a Sergeant to a
Cajitam, and took an active part in the war of 1S12. He took a ]iart
in the Battles of Lacole Mill and Odell Town, and was taken prisoner
by the Americans at Shatigee, but made his escape by being assisted by
Lieutenant Itoocli, an American oflicer, who was an old acquaintance;.
He was a man much esteemed by those wlio knew him, and died
February, 18ii(), at the iige of seventy-tlu'ee years. His son Lewis
was born in Oeiell Town, May o, 18Ls, being raised on a farm. At
the age of thirty-three years he was married to Miss Abby Young,
ilaughter of dohn and Harriet Young, who bore him four cliildren, only
two of whom are living — John and Hattie Since 18(32 he and liis
family have been residents of Belmont, where they have a good farm,
jileasantly situated, Mr. Simp.son has served his Township as Coun-
cillor and Deputy-Beeve and lleeve for .several year.s, and held im-
portant positions in society. He was appointed Justice of Peace by

:iH!;ii

1000

HISTOUY OF THE

tlie Ontario Government, but never qualified. He received a limited
education, is one of the intelligent and well-informed men of the
County, and is Liberal in politics. Although seventy years of age, he
has never been sick, and bids fair to spend many more years amonnr
his family and friends.

William Skinneb.

The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of
William Skinner, a man of recognized worth wherever known, who.se
present substantial position in life has been reached entirely through
his own perseverance, and while his nanu^ is never thrust before the
public for the purpose of notoriety, it is borne by one whose true worth
of character is exceeded by that of no man in the (Mty of London. Mis
association with its all'airs dates from LS4'.>, and though his business
career has been both honorable and successful, his plain and unassum-
ing manner causes him to be silent and reticent concerning his labors.
Mr. ISkiinier was born in Crediton, Devonshire, England, October lM ,
1828. His father, William Skinner, was born in England, and the
mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Woodley, was also a native of
England. By their marriage there are two sons living. William, the
eldest, and the subject of this sketch, was reared at his birth])lace, and
learned the trade of shoemaking in his youth. This he made his
princi])al occupation during life, and is a good example of the old
])roverb : " Shoemaker, stick to ycuir last." In 1S4'.', Mr, Skiniier
immigrated to Canada, and arrived in London, May 24, of that year, and
turned his attention to his chosen calling, which he has conducted with
satisfactory results. He built his present building thirty-two years
ago, and he has occupied it continuously since. He was married in
1849 to Miss Emma Saunder.s, of Crediton, Devonshire, England, a
lady of refined taste and domestic habits, whose life has been devoted
in making home hapjiy and attractive. To them have been born seven
children, five of wliom are now living — Bessie (now Mrs. Noble, a
widow), Olive (now Mrs. Miner, of i3urialo, N. Y.), Ernest E., W'\\-
hehnina, and William H. Two are deceased (Lousia, who died in 1877,
at the age of nineteen), and Lillia (who was one of the victims of the
Victoria disaster, aged seventeen;. In 187<5. Mr. Skinner was selected
as a suitable person to represent his ward in tlie City Council, and
with the exception of an interval of a little over one year, he has held
this position continuously to tlie jiresent time, never suH'ering a defeat.
He is at present a member r,i' ( 'onimittee No. 1, and has also serveil in
School Board, but resigne.l his ])osition on the Higli School 15oard
when elected to the Council the last time. Mr. Skinner is a member
of the 1. 0. E., and one of the two uriginal Oddfellows in good stand-
in" of London. He is also Past-]\Iaster of St. (Jeorife, No. 4l*, A. F. &
A. M., and for the past fourteen years he has Ijeen treasurer ot llio

same, ar
efficient

Barn.'

I'ai'is, sal

the towns

Skuse wa

the Provi:

on tlie 2ui

to Miss J(

Nathaniel,

cleared th(

made all ti

one of the

and wife w

was Ijorn o

He secured

f'lifiith, da

maiTiage, ai

sister of Jiis

riage^Eddi

Skuse foU(,y

the iiine tra

'jouglit his J

building »to

JfU'ge and s

furnished st(

the Westmii

Cathedral.

Ma.so„ic frat

His judgmen

was apj,oiiite

of Mrs. Skusi

Ellen McAdi)

and imniigrat

oil tlie 7th Cc

^•I'iflith, sr. (i,r

l^t'Volutioii 01

American (hy

on the EnglisI

spring of 181:

after liis son 1

with ]n"s son.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1001

same, and has been the recipient of a beautiful jewel in honor of his
efficient services in this position.

Barnabas Skuse.

Barnabas Skuse, manufacturer and tlealer in lime, cements, plaster
Paris, salt, coal, wood, &c., &c., also one of the prominent farmers of
the township, is the son of John and Ann (Jennings) Skuse. John
Skuse was born in Ireland, and in I800 came to America, settled in
the Province of Ontario, Westminster Township, Middlesex County,
on the 2nd Concession, on Lot 41. He was married in his native land
to Miss Jennings, who bore him these children — Mary A., Edward,
Natlianiel, Eliza, Maggie, Ann, Thomas and Barnabas. Mr. Skuse
cleared the land of the heavy timber with which it was covered, and
nuade all the improvements. Here he passed his last days. He was
one of the county's best citizens, and was a prosperous farmer. He
and wife were members of the Church of England. lUirnabas Skuse
was born on the old homestead in 184:5, and was reared to farm life.
He secured a common school education, and married Miss Hannah
(jiiflith, daughter of Nathan Griflith. She died several years after
marriage, and Mr. Skuse took for his second wife Miss Anna Griffith,
sister of his first wife. Six children were the result of the last mar-
riage—Eddie, Eliza, Jane, Harriet, Louise and Lizzie (twins). Mr.
Skuse followed farming for some time, and then, in LSGo, engaged in
the lime trade until 1868. He then farmed until 1882, after which he
bouglit his present farm, on which is a valuable lime quarry and good
building stone, which Mr. Skuse disposes of in London, and is doing a
large and successful business. He is well known in London, and
furnished stone for the first Insane Asylum, for the Kensington Bridge,
the Westminster Bridge, for Birrell's wholesale store, and the Catholic
Cathedral. Mr. Skuse is a Reformer in politics, is a member of the
Ma.sonic fraternity, A. O. U. W., and a member of the Royal Arcanum.
His judgment is well respected by the people of the township, and he
was appointed Deputy-Reeve for three years. Nathan GrilUth (father
of Mrs. Skuse), married Miss Jane McAdam, daughter of John and
Ellen McAdam. John McAdam was from the Lowlands of Scotland,
and immigrated to London Township, Middlesex County, Out., in 1819,
on the 7th (,'oncession. Lot 1:5, and there passed his last days. Nathan
(iriflith, sr. (grandfather of Mrs. Skuse), was a soldier in the American
Revolution ctn the side of liberty, and received a pen.sion from the
American Government. His son was in the battle of Lundy's Lane
on the Etigli.sh side, as he had come to Westminster Township in the
sju'ing of 1812. Mr. Gi'iflith, sr., resided in Vermont for some years
after his son had moved to Canada, but finally took uj) his residence
with his son. Nathan Griffith, jr., made the first brickyard in Middle-

1002

mSTOUY OF THE

sex County. It was on the 1st Concession. Afr. (inflith sold the
first In'ick in London, and liis yard was established in Lslt!.

William H. Smith.

The history of the County of Middlesex, es])ecially that jiart which
refers to the City of London, would not be oonii)lete without mention
of the name of Hemy A. Smith (deceased), for his connection with its
ailairs dates from liS55. His father, Able Smith, was a native of
Missisquoi Bay, Canada, and married a Miss Itussel. Their family
consisted of iive children, three sons and two daughters, all of whom
are deceased. They were named as follows: — llussel, Jane, Charles
P., Henry A. and ]\Iary. Tiie eldest son, Russel, died in early life
from injuries received in his efforts to save an acquaintance from
drowning. The father was a dry goods merchant and his sons were;
reared with a mercantile experience. Henry A. Smith was a thorough
Canadian in preference and principles. He was born in Vermont, in
1S27, while liis j)arents were temporarily residing in that State, but
they returned to Missisciuoi Bay while he was still an infant. In
1854, Charles Smith, an elder brother of Henry A. Smith, came to Lon-
don, engaged in the hardware business and established the jivesent
houses. He conducted this business succcissfully until 1880, when he
retired from the trade. He was one of the organizers of the London
Furniture Comi)auy and a large stockholder in the same. He dieil in
December, 1882, at the age of fifty-nine years.

Henry A. Smith came to Canada in the year 1 H')~t, and was en-
gaged in running a line of stages between London and Clinton, and he
was also manager of the City Hotel. Later he was engaged in buying
grain, and then in the mercantile business at Lucan and Exeter. He
subsequently came to Loudon, acce])tod a position in the Custom
service, and after remaining thus employed he became coiniectcd with
the Inland Ifevenue l)ei)artment from 1877 to 1881, and made his
home in Toronto. In lHH'2 he again became interested in the hard-
ware V)usiness, and thus remained engagcjd until his i ,ith. He was
also Vice-President of the London Furniture Company, anil was jiro-
minent in Masonic circles. In 185."> he married Mi.ss L. Hiidcley, and
left at his death, which occurred August 2('>, 1888, four chiMrcn, viz. :
—Mary C. (wife of R. L. Taylor, i)airister), William H,, Charles II.
and Fannie W. \\\ H. Smith was born in London, June 2."!, IS.")?,
and has been reared and educated in this city. After attaining a suit-
fible age he engaged in mercantile matters, and for years before the
death of his father was manager of the business. He married Miss
Maggie Clark in 1.S80. She was born in London, Canada, and by her
marriage became the mother of one daughter — Ruby ]\Iay. Charles
R. Smith, the younger brother, was born in Exeter, in IfSiiO, and, like
his brother William H., was reared with a mercantile exjierience. lie
married Miss Annie Clark in 188G. She was born in London.

COUNTY OF MIPDLKSEX.

1003

Edv/aed Smith.

Edward Sinitli, fanner, diover iiiid cattlo dealer, of London, is a son
of Sydnio Smith, and fjrandson of Jacob Smith, who was born in
Pennsylvania and was of (Jerman stock. He inimi<,'rated to Canada
and settled at Little York, near Toronto. He was married three times.
His son, Sidnie Smith, was born in I'ennsylvania, and when a young
man moved with his ])arents to Canada, and he settled in ( 'ounty
Halton, eight miles from Oakville. He was married in Canada to
i\liss Sarali .Johnson, daughter of James and Mary (Cram) Johnson,
both prominent Pennsylvania people. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith were
born five children, who grew to maturity — Cynthia, James, Edward,
Cornelia and Sydnie. Mr. Smith was a member of the ^lethodist
Church. He was a good, substantial farmer. His son, Edward Smith,
was born in the County of Halton in 1.S37, and was but seven years
of age when his father died. He received a common school education,
and learned farming in early life. He was married at the age of
twenty-two, or in 18.")1», to Miss Martha Smith, daughter of Edward
and Ann (Early) Smith. Seven children were born to our subject and
his wife — Orville E. (deceased), Harry L., Hattie E., Dominia AL,
Frederick C, llussel E. and Hoyden B. The son, Orville Yj, was
drowned in the Victoria disaster, May 24, l.S!Sl, one of the saddest
events that ever befell any countr}'. Orville E. was a young man of
but twenty-one years of age. He was a young man of excellent
habits, was a member of the ilethodist Church, and was full of life
and spirits on this saddest of dtays. He was in the grocery business
with his father. Mr. Smith engaged in the cattle iind butchering busi-
ness in London in 1855, and remained there until 1864, when he settled
on his present farm on the First Concession, Lots 26 and 27, where he
has remained ever since, engaged in farming and droving, in which
business he has been quite successful. Both lie and Mrs. Smith are
members of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Smith was one of the
trustees at the time of the building of the Centre Church, and tilled
that jiosition for many years. He is a member of the Independent
Order of Oddfellows, and is an active, industrious citizen.

William Smith.

"William Smith, a member of the plumbing and gas-fitting firm of
Smith Brothers, of London, Ont., was born in Toronto, July 27, 1857,
and is one of two sons born to William and Margaret (Harding) Smith,
who were born in Toronto, Canada, and Dublin, Ireland, respectively.
The gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was reared to his pres-
ent business in the employ of the late G. Harding, of Toronto, and is a
thorough and practical plumber, conversant with every detail of the
business. In 1878 he came to London and worked as a journeyman

1004

HISTOUY OF THE

for two years, then eiiga(;eil in business in iiartnership with Jolni
Sadler, but owini,' to inii)aired health, Mr. Sniitii was unable tu <^ive
the attention to the business that was necessary, and in consetiueiux',
suH'ered IVoni the dishonesty of Ids partner, who nusa|)i)rojiriated the
funds and left ^Lr. Smith to bear the burdens and responsibilities of
his misconduct. Nothing,' daunted, Mr. Smith, with the eneri^jy and
and determination that has ever marked his career through life, started
in business anew, taking his brother as a ])artner; the firm name being
Smith Brotliers, and although their work has only been conducted a
short time, they met with most gratifying success. They were adepts
in every branch of their business, but made a specialty of the mechani-
cal line of plumbing, gas-fitting, and steam heating, and carry an
extensive and select stock of chandeliers, sanitary earthen ware, brass
goods, iron and lead ]>ii)es, force and lift pumjis, e'?. The rooms will
compare very favorably with any similar establishment of the kind in
Western Ontario, and the goods have taken many premiums at the
Provincial fairs. Mr. Smith has the agency for the "Standard" lager
beer machines used by all the leading hotel-keepers of the city, and
also sells the "air pressure" pumps, Mr. Smith has been the arclii-
tect of his own fortunes, and may justly feel proud of the success his
endeavors have met with. In 18S2 he married Miss Margaret Mc-
Keuna, who was born in Toronto, and by her has three children —
Annie, Eddie, and Hugh. He is a member of the 1. O. O. F., and the
Knights of Pythias fraternities. John Smith, who was the junior
member of the firm, was also born in Toronto, and from 1881 to 1888
was associated with his brother in business. At the latter date he
met with an accident which resulted in his death, and his interest in
the business was then paid off to his widow. His wife's maiden name
was Ismau Muthart.

John Joseph Smith.

John Jose])h Smith, fish dealer, of London, was born in Derbyshire,
England, at "Elvason Castle," March 27, 1839, his father being John
and his grandfather being Joseph Smith. The mother's maiden name
was Mary Thomjjson, and h(!r mother lived to the advanced age of 125
years. John Smith was a gardener of wide rejjutation, and was in the
emjjloy of Sir Joseph Paxton, and while serving in this ca])acity .set
out the trees for the lirst Exposition Grounds in 1851. His mother
was one of the most expert lace workers in England. John Joseph
Smith, whose name heads this sketch, is the eldest of a family of eight
children, and received a liberal education in the National School of
Ockbrook, under the care of Master Percival, an instructor of wide re-
pute. December 15, 1857, Mr. Smith enlisted in Her Majesty's (Jlinl
Infantry, and from Derbyshire went to Ireland, and then sailed for
Halifax, Nova Scotia. After remaining at the latter place about four

COUNTY OF MIDULKSKX,

1005

years he cainn to London, Canadii (in 18G2), and ivmainod in tho sc^r-
vice forever fonrteen montlis in Ontario, wlion ho was lionorahly dis-
charged by jmrohase. Jle then eiiga<.'(;d in his jn'esent business, and
has drawn aronnd him a hirtje and ]iayin},' ]iatronai,'e. He lias liad
wi(h; experience as a caterer, and his services in yiuirs past havn often
bt!en sohcited wlien occasions of importance demanded skilled assis-
tance, and no one in London can excell him in this line.

John E. Smyth.

To fail to include within the biograjjliical dei)artinent of this work
a sketch of the life of Mr. .lohn !>. Smyth, would be to fimit a history
of one of London's oldest, most deserving, .and loyal citizens ; a man
whose every ellbrt has been of material benefit to the whole section.
He was born in Margate, Kent County, England, November 24, 1827.
John Smyth, his father, who was known in later years as Captain
Smyth, was a native of London, England, and when young entered tlio
Jh'itish army, and became connected with the Lst Batt., '.»5th liifle
Jh'igade, and served through the Peninsular wars, and participated in
that ever memorable battle on which hung the destiny of nations —
" Waterloo." He held two medals, one, to which is attaclied twelve
clasps, rejiresenting the battles in which he participated, and a special
one for the part which he took in tho battle of Waterloo. In 1.S32
he immigrated to the United States and settled in Albany, where he was
engaged in business for some time, but afterwards went to New York,
where he was engaged in business until 1838, when, owing to the
liebellion in Canada, and inspired with a love for the Mother Country,
he came to Canada and i)urcliased land, engaging also in mercantile
pursuits, continuing the latter occupation until 1842. He had the
honor of originating the first IJifle Company in Western ('anaila, and
was appointed its commander. He was always noted for being of an
ojten and warm-hearted nature, and his good humor seemed inex-
haustible. He died on the 4th of August, 1862, aged 76, and was
buried with military honors. He left two sons — A. G. ami John 13.
The latter accompanied his ftither to Canada, and was there reared to
manhood, receiving a thorough mercantile experience in the house of
Lawrence Lawrason & Chisholm. After leaving their employ he, in
com])any with his brother, engaged in the grocery business in Loudon.
In 1861 he was elected a member of the City Council, and served off
and on for sixteen years. He has taken a great interest in the West-
ern Fair Association, and has served as lOirector, Superintendent of
grounds. Secretary and Treasurer. He is also interested in military
matters, and holds the honorary rank of Major, being in active .service
during the troubles in the North-west. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and in 1850 was married to Miss Clarissa Adelia
Leonard, a sister of Hon. E. Leonard, of London. She was boru at

1006

IIISTOUY OF THE

Lou'i Toiiit, Ciiiiadii, iiiid diwl May 28, 1873, liaviiifr horno thn follow-
ing; cliildron: — Jeiiiiio (wife of A. Cillard), .John L., Hiviry C, Jiuiics
F., Minnie (wife of Dr. J. S. Edwards), Dolo.ss W., Clara (wife of
Caleb Wall), Yrawk and llattie.

Albert Smith.

Albert Sniilli, a niannfacturer of ci^'ars, atid one of the wide-awake
and jirogressive business men (jf London, Ontario, is a native of tlie
County of Kent. His father was John 15. Hniith. and his mother's
maiden name was Abl)a. Albert spent his early life on a farm, and
when younj; became interested in the cij^ar manufacturer'.'^ trade, which
lu' learned thoroughly, and first commenced the manufacture of ei^^ars
<m his own account in Guelph in iMiO. Five years later he removed
to lirantford, where he en(,'aged in the same business luitil 1872, when
lie located in London, since which tinm he bus devoted his whole
attention to his trade, and has built u]i a large business. He com-
menced matnifacturing on a snudl scale, but, as trade demanded, has
inci'eased his facilities from time to time, until he now has (tne of the
largest factories in the I'rovincc;, em]>1oying fifty hands the year round
and in bu.sy .sea.sons extra helj). He uses entirely imported material,
and makes from twelve to fifteen giades of cigars, nuUving a specialty
of the " Green Seal " brand. He also manufactures the " Ked Seal,"
Medal brand, etc. His trade extends over a large territory, and the
]io])ularity of his jiroductions is due to his enterprise as a business
man and his knowledge of the business, which he thoroughly under-
.stands in all its details, as well as honorable dealing with all customers.
Mr. Smith well merits the success he has attained in his line, and as a
pul)lic-spirited man he has done his share in the advancement of all
interests and worthy enterprises tending to benefit the place.

Joseph Smith.

Joseph Smith, a matmfacturer of cigars, of London, Out., is a native
of the County of Kent, and is a son of John B. Smith, who with his
wife, whose maiden name was Adair, came from the district of Niagara,
(jnt. Joseph was reared on a farm, which vocation he followed many
years, subsequently abandoning the jiursuit of agriculture for the cigar
and tobacco trade. In LS7r' he commenced the manufacture of cigars
in his])re.sent location, where he has since conducted the business with
signal success. He uses entirely imported tobacco, and the ])roduct of
liis factory ranges from the nu'dium to the finest grades, mamifactur-
ing nine different grades of cigars. As a result of fair and honoraljle
dealing with all men he has s(icured a liberal patronage, and he well
merits the success that has attended his efforts. Mr. Smith has done

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

1007

liis full slmro in extoiuliiif,' tho ro])utalioti tlmt London onjrys as a
iii.inufUcturin},' centro for ci<,'iU's ; it is thu liirgust in tlio I'rovinco, and
one of the most extensive in the Dominion. The factory furniahes
em])loynient for forty-five hands the year round, and its capacity
exceeds that of the Toronto, liajnilton and other manufactories.

JOHN W. Smyth.

John W. Smyth, marble dealer, is one of the deservedly jropular
and succe.ssful business men of London, Ontario, and was born in
Barnstable, Devonshire, England, September 1^9, LS28, his parents,
.lohn and Mary (Wilkinson) Smyth, being natives of the same place.
The father was a builder by occupation and conducted this business
for some years, but afterwards became a land steward for Esquire
Knight, of Exmere, Somerset. John W. Smyth, our subject, was the
eldest of five children, and after attaining a suitable age began working
ut the marble cutter's trade, in which he became thoroughly proficient.
For some time he had been impressed with the idea that better ojjpor-
tunities were to be had in the New World for men of energy and
determination to succeed, and accordingly in 1850 immigi-ated to
Canada and worked for some time in Brantford and St. Thomas. In
1854 he came to London and established his present business, and as a
workman is without a rival in London. He has a natural aptitude for
his calling, is a man of wide and various experience, a close observer,
and has profited by what he has seen. He is of a genial disposition
and is always disposed to look on the bright side of things, rather than
to despond when he meets with business reverses. In 1853 he was
married to Miss Sarah Minhinnick, a native of Cornwall, England.
Their family consists of seven children, whose names are as follows : —
Agnes (wife of E. C. Dodd), Frank W., Caroline, Louisa, Ida, Edith
and George W. Frank W. is associated with his father in business, is
a competent workman, and has a thorough knowledge of the business
in all its details.

LEMUEL SNELGROVE.

Lemuel Snelgrove, a successful agriculturist, now residing on Con-
cession 5, Lot 18, was l)orn in Middlesex County, Canada, in 1849,
and is the son of William and Ellen (Atkins) Snelgrove, natives of
England and Canada, respectively. The father was one of the very
earliest settlers of this county. He first purchased lOU acres of land,
where the subject of this sketch is now residing, and here he followed
fanning the remainder of his days. He died in 1877, and his wife in
1872. Lemuel was one of ten children born to his parents. He was
reared in his native county, and January 1"J, 1873, he was united in

1008

HISTOKY OF THE

iiiaiTiiif,'*) to Miss Elizii Ito^'cvs, wlio wiw Ixini S(!|itoin1)(!r 28, IS,';', ami
who is tlu^ diuij^htt'i' of liicliiinl ami Kli/iila'tli UotitTH, both iiiitivc's of
Kiigliuid. Hvv iiiiionts were uiirly settlers of Middle.sex (Jonnty, uiid
of tile eleven children born to their uiuon all are now livinj,'. Her
father died in Kebrnary, 1871. To Mr. and Mrs. Snelj^rove havi- Ihmmi
born five children — Stanley, Viola, Fraidc II., Alanson and Sarah K.
JJoth Mr. and Mrs. Snel^'rove are ineinlu'rs of the M. H. Chinch, and
are excellent citizens. They have an interestinj^ fannly, a jileasant
home, and ho is one of the wide-awake farmers of the county.

William D. Stanley.

William D. Stanley, Clerk of Itiddulph Township and ex-Warden
of Middlesex Connty, was l)orn in Biddnliih, County Middlesex, Manli
12, 1m44. His father, Thomas Stanley, left Tijiperary County, Ireland,
his native ])lace, in LSoo, and came to Canada, immediately locatiiij^ in
IJiddulph Township, where he took up land on Lot lo, 3rd Coiu (.'ssion.
He served in the Rebellion in 1837, and in 1840 married Miss Eliza
Dobbs, a native of Qnecju's County, Ireland, who came with her
]iarents to Canaila in LS:!."). This union was blessed with six .sons and
three dau<j;hters, six of whom are now living;. Mrs. Stanley dieil in
l<So5, aj^ed thirty-ei^dit. William D., our sajject, was at that time
eleven years of aj,'e, and he continued to live with his fathei', receivini,'a
common school education during his youth, which enabU^d him at tiu'
age of twenty-one to engage in teaching in a ])ul)li<! school, which
vocation he followed five years. In 1<S70, Mr. Stanley located on iiis
present farm, situated on Lot 2tj, North Boundary, Biddnlph. In
August, 1868, he married Miss Mary Brooks, a native of Somerset-
shire, England, and daughter of Edwin and Ann ((innning) Broolvs,
natives of the .same place. The ftxmily came to Canada in l85o, and
in 18G.'! removed to ^liddlesex County. Mr. and Mrs. Staidey have
three sons and two daughters living and have lost two children. The
eldest son is a graduate of Toronto University. Mr. Staidey has
always taken an active interest in the jwditical all'airs of the county,
and has held many positions of trust and honor. In 1875 he was
elected a member of the Township Council, and .served in that l)n(iy
two years. For six years after 1881 he served as I'eeve of liidilulph
Township, and during the latter ])art of the session of 1883 and in
1884 he officiated as Warden of Middlesex County. While filling tin;
latter ])osition he established the precedent of breaking up the hitherto
prevalent custom of making money grants for the improvement of
township roads not within the jurisdiction of the Council. (See chajiter
on the proceedings of the County Council.) In January, 1887, Mr.
Stanley was elected to fill the office of County Auditor. Mr. Stanley
now resides upon his farm, which is plccasantly situated near Granton,
and is the result of industry and good management. In politics he is
a Liberal-Conservative and an ardent supporter of British connection.

COUNTY OF MIDDLKHKX.

1009

SAMUEL STEWART.

Siunuol StiiWiirt, tioakT in .stdvus, tiiiwiiru itiiil lumsc tui'iiisliiiii»
gociils, Loiuloii, Ontario, is nuiuheri'il iiindUf; tliu eniiiost suttlcrs nf
Loiuloii, 1111(1 is OIK! of tlusfcw wli(» luivo witiu'sscd its ^idwtli ami noted
tilt' <;liaii,L,'fs that liiivi' taken place, lie was lioin in Lower Cimada,
•Inly 1(), \H',VS. \Uh latlier, .lohn Stewart, was a native ol' the Xortli
of Ireland, and \v,ts reared in his native eoiintry until eiyliteen years
of a<;e, when he iiniiiij^rated to Lower Ciuiinla. Here he eiiyayed in the
liinilier business, and niiirried Miss Kli/alieth Lon^'strotr, of Tipperary,
Ireland. In LSoT, durinj,' the Canadian IJebellioii, .lohn Stewiiil caine
lu London and si^cured a contract in construetiiiy the barracivs. Tools
beiii".' scarce at that time, he exchaii^'ed the second lot west of Mr.
Sttiwart's ston; for a cross-cnt saw, and traded tlie lot on Kin;^
street, (cipied by the Fire Dejiartinont, for a broad-ax. Lie is
still liviti,; ul the advanced ajjo of four.scoro years, and yet his sleji is
elastic, his eye undiiiimed, and his senses keen and alert. Tiie mother
died in ISliCi. There were nine childrtMi in tlu; family — Samuel, .lane
(wife of John llolcroft, of riiiladelphiiij, Eliza, William, Sarah A.
(wife of Kichard Cro.s.s), Charles, Matilda i wife of Richard ;, and

.lames Andriiw and .lolin are deceased. Samuel Stewart was born
.luly 16, ISMo; came with his parents to Ixuidon in IHoT, and was
reared in that city. When sixteen years of age he comnuiiiced his
ajiprenticoshiii at the tin.smith business, and worked for S. McBridefor
thirteen years. In 1.SG4 he commenced business for himself, and is
the oldest merchant in point of residence in this line in the city. He
commenced business at first on a small scale, and added to his stock
and capacity from time to time as his triule determined, until it has
assumed its jiresent projiortions. Mr. Stewart has always been
strictly attentive to business, even to its most trivial details; urbane
and pleasant in his treatment of customers, scrupulousl} exact in the
fulfillment of promises made to customers, he receives and merits the
respect of all Mr. Stewart was married in l<s5o to Miss Mary Clray,
a native of Middlesex County, and the fruits of this union were five
children — Sophia (wife of F. Mc(iuire), Elizabeth (wife of Hany
Jones), Samuel K., Minnie and Jessie.

Angus C. Stewart.

The short sketch which here appears is that of one of the reliable
and deservedly successful educators of this city, and one who.sc experi-
ence has proven him well ([ualified for the ])rofession he has chosen.
It but ex] presses the general sentiment of the community where ho has
resided so long, to say that no man has done more for the educational
interests of the city, or given more of his time and personal attention.

1010

IIISTOIiY OK THE

to the interests of this cause, than has Mr. Stewart. He was born in
Scotland, July 25, 1849, and is the son of Alexander and Jane (Mc-
Donald) Stewart, both of Scotch birth. Aniius C. Stewart was the
youngest of seven children, and immigrated with his ])arents to Canada,
settling in Yarmouth Township, (Jounty of Elgin, were he was njared
and educated. At the age of seventeen he connuenced teaching sciiool,
and this occu])ation he has since f- llowed, a ])eriod of twenty-two
years; a fact that indicates in itself a thorough (itne.ss and success as
an instructor. In liS75 he came to London, and since that time he
has been connected with the city schools, and if his life was to be
viewed in the light of the .sincere interest he has manifested, it miglit
well be said that he has seemed to labor for his own advancement,
that he might become the bet'er able to aid those who here come under
his charge. Mr. Stewart was married in 187<> to Miss Kate McLach-
lan, a native of Westminster Town.ship, and to them were b(»rn five
children — Bella, Willie, Cassie May (deceased), Archibald, and ( 'larence.
Mr. Stewart is Past-Master in the Masonic fraternity, Past-Master of
the I. 0. U. ¥., and has been Auditor of the Grand l^odge for five
years.

John Stephenson.

John Stephenson, Manager of the Huron & Middlesex Fire In-
surance Com])any, ot Lond(jn, Ontario, was born in the Township of
London, August 24, ISol. His j)arents, Adam and Ellen (Elliott)
Stephenson, were natives of Cumberland County, Englanil, and immi-
grated to Caiiada in the spring of ISo], settling on a fa''m in ^Middlesex
County, which occupation the f ''-ei was following at the time of
his death in 18.j6, the result oi accident. He left, besides his
widow, six children — -IJcssie (since deceased), William (in Calitbrnia),
John, Thomas, Mary (wife of Thomas Tomlinson, of County Lambton),
and Ellen (wife of Alfred AN'estcott, of Michigan). The father's death
left the wide ved mother with a large family to si j)])ort, and now that
he could no longer prrtect and ])roviile for his family, it bcjcame neces-
sary that other jmn'i.'riions should be nuule. John Stephenson, who
was then very young, set bravely to work battling the storms of life,
and whatever he could mI to do he did with all his might. He first
begaii working on a farm, and his earnings went to help support his
bereaved ir.otlier. For years he labored faithfully as a tiller of the
soil, and a boy of less determination, or actuated by less noble ])rin-
<nples, would have succumbed to the many hardships he was oljliged
to undergo. He, however, was made of sterner stuff, and in addition
to helping ''is mother, he determined to secure an education, and after
.securing sufVicieut means he entered college for threi; years ; and, soon
iifti'V til" organization of the company with which he is connected, he

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COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

1011

accepted a prisition as travelling ajient for a time, and then he received
the appoiiitincnt as liisjicetor, liolcliii},' the same until he was apiioiiiteil
to liis present ]iositi(in, vvliich he has filled very creditably. He was
married in Anmist, INSO, to Miss lUdle McLeod, a native of London,
by wiiom he has a family of fonr childnni^Gertrnde, Ella, Amy H.
and Geor;,'e E. In 1.SS8. Mr. Stephenson was selected as a suitr.ble
person to represent his ward on the School Bocard, and was elected by
a complimentary majoritv. He is a ^lason, and a member of the
I.O.O.F.

Samuel P. Stringer.

Samuel V. Strint,'er, Ohief Engineer of I'umping Works, of London,
Ont., was born in County Wexford, Ireland, March 8, 1S37, and is the
son r.f Samuel and Ann (I'ercival) Stringer, botii natives of Ireland.
The Stringer family were of English origin, but went to Ireland im-
mediately after Cromwoll's conquest. The Percival family took an
active ]>ait in the lJel)ellion ot 1S37, being on C ^ frontier. Mrs. Ann
Stringer died March 17, INSS, at the age of ninety years. Of the five
children born to Mr. and Mrs. Stringer, Samuel P. is the third in order
of birth and the only son. He learned the business of hydraulic
engineering in London, England, witli Easton &Ames, and while there
worked on the engine for the Crystal Palace, and on the water-works
of this firm, wliich is the largest water-work construction in existence.
Their trade exteiuls to Egypt and Australia. Mr. Stringer came to the
United States in 1 8."i4, worked for a firm iri New York, and was
em])loyed by them in New Jersey. Ho was influenced by his national
sympathies to leave the States, owing to the feelings against Pingland
at the time of the Crimean War, and, being an out-and-out Loyalist,
he came to Canada, where he became engaged with a steam-fitting
establishment. Later he became connected with the (ireat Western
Railway, where he renuiined for over twenty years. Eleven years of
that time was spent as engine-fitter, and two years were spent on a
loconujtive, having ])reviously spent seven years in learning t\n' Ijusi-
ness before entering the service of the Water Commissioners, when; he
took charge of the water service on the Sarnia Branch of the London,
Hiu'on & l')ruc(! II. li., main line west. In May, 18S7, he accepted
his present iiositinu. After leaving tlie emjiloy of the railroad he was
tue recipient of a handsome present and addre.":"- from the employes of
the road, an unusual course to pursue, Mr. Stringer was elect(!(l as
Alderman of old No. 'A Ward in 1877, and after the redivision he was
re-elected a meml)er of the present No. 3, holding the seat for nine
successive years, cont sting for the election eleven times, and elected
ten times. Mr. Stri.iger was married in lSt)2 to Miss K. B. Bedggood,
a native of London, Ont. This union resultiul in the birth of two sons
and four daughters — Laura, Ernest, Eva, Francis, A<.la a!id Lillic.

loi:

IIISTOKY OF THE

ALEXANDER STUART.

Aloxiinder Stuiut, barrister of Glencoo, was born in the Scotch
lUook, in tlie County of Halton, Ontario, and is the son of Charles
and Hannah (Cani])bcll) Stuart, natives of Scotland and England, res-
liectively. Early in the til'ties, they moved to the County of ^liddk'-
sex, and about the be^'iiniint; of the year 1.S57 they settled on a bush
farm in the 'rownship of ( 'aradoc, where their eldest son, Alexander,
grew u]). Being a boy always large and strong, he is seen at the early
age of ten years driving a yoke of oxen in the winters with staves to
the market, and logs to the mill, and in the summers burning brush,
logging, and otherwise assisting his father to cl(>ar his bush farm.
Eroin this time he went only a few weeks occasionally to the country
scluiol, but his taste for solid reading in the winter evenings, and his
interest in ])ublic atfairs had with liim so well supplied tlie place of
regular school tuition, that in 1869, on the advice of some of his com-
panions who were pursuing an educational career, he tried the exami-
nations then going on in Strathroy for teacher's certilicates.

Having obtained a certificate, he is found teaching in the public
schools of the county, in which he soon obtained some local distinction
as aji educator. He afterwards attended the Normal School in Toronto,
from which he graduated with a First Class Grade A Certificate in
l(S7o. He then took the jiosition of Mathematical Master in Morris-
burg High School, and the next year that of English Master in the St.
St. Marys Collegiate Institute. While at St. Marys he was appointed
a member of the Board <if Teachers' Examiners for the County of
Middlesex, which ])osition he held for several years. In the same
year, while in St. i\Iarys, one of the Inspector.ship of Public Schools
for Middlesex became vacant, and Mr. Stuart became a candidate, but
after a long and exciting contest he was defeated by Mr. J. S. Carson,
the Principal of the Public Schools of Strathroy. In 1877 he began
the study of law in the office of Cronyn, Martin and Kow, of London,
and pursued it afterwards in Toronto in the oflice of Thomas Hodgins,
Q. C, (the present ]\Iaster in Ordinary) and J. S. Ewart, Q. C, (now of
Winnipeg). In IcS.Sl, before his time under articles had expired, he
went to Glencoe and o])ened an olfice there, at first hi connection with
the London firm of Cronyn & Grec nlees, and afterwards on his own
account, in which he now enjoys a large ])ractice.

Mr. Stuart takes an active interest in educational and ])olitical
affairs, and holds the j)osition of (Chairman of the High School Board,
and is President of the West Middlesex Keform Association. Although
looketl ujmn as an eligible candiilate for Parliamenc, he has on one
occasion declined the nomination of his party as candidate for tin;
House of Commons. He has also taken some interest in military
affairs, and is now in cumnnand of No. o Com))any of the 2()th Battalion
of lid'antry; Imt business and other duties have prevented him giving
it much attention.

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

John Sullivan.

lois

.hihn Sullivan, an ontei'i)i'isin<; and leailini; citizen of Ack'laide
Townsliip, whose birth occurred in London, England, December 2-4,
1828, is the son of .lohu and Letitia (( 'assell) Sullivan, natives of Ire-
land, who came to Canada in 18:i2, and settled in Adelaide 'J'ownshi]),
Middlesex County, on the west half of Lot 4, south of the Egreniont lioad.
Here the father died in 18oG, when John was about eight years of age,
and the mother also died here in 1880. John Sullivan was the eldest
of four children born to his parents, was reared on the farm, and after
the early death of the father the family moved to Loudon Township.
When eighteen years of age, Mr. Sullivan began learning the car-
penter's and joiner's trade, which occupation he followed for eighteen
years, carrying on the trade for seventeen years of this time in London.
He proved himself a safe, practical and successful carpenter. In 1858
he returned to Adelaide Township, engaged in farming, and for sixteen
years has lived on liis jiresent property. He is the owner of 3(J0 acres
of choice land, most of which is well improved. He was married in
1854 to Miss Agnes Nichol, who was born in Kingston, and who died
in Adelaide Township in 1886, leaving these children ; — James,
Harriet, William, Mary E., John, ^lartha and Edwin Alfred. Mr.
Sullivan is a Keformer in ])olitics, and has been a member of the
Township Council. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
of Canada, is in good financial circumstances, and is a first-class man of
the Township.

Robert Summers.

Robert Summers, a residetit of the 2ud ("oncession of Nissouri
Townshi]), Middlesex County, was born in County Cuml)erland, Eng-
land, on the 14th of July, 1810, his parents, liobert and Margaret
(Bell) Summers, being natives of the same county. The father was a
farmer and weaver by trade, and when sixty-four or sixty-five years
old came to Canada, in June, 18111, and nine weeks from the day he
started landed in Quebec. He came soon after to .Middlesex County,
and the first winter lived o" the 2nd Concession. Early in February,
1820, he bought a place on J3iiv:lv street, in Westminster Township,
and moved there on the 1st of May. Here he lived until his death
in August, 1833, at the age of seventy-seven years. His wife died in
1858, at the age of ninety-one. Their family consisted of three sons
and four daughters, whose names are as follows : — Margaret (the wife
of James Nixon), Jane (wife of George lloutledge, died in 1847), Mary
(wife of Eli Trowbridge, who is also dead), -lohn (died 11th of Apri'
1889), Elizabeth (wife of Ceorge Robson), Robert and Thomas. Four of,
the children are now living. ^largaret, the eldest daught(;r, is ninety-
four years of age; Mary is eighty-five ; Robert is seventy-nine ; and

1014

HISTORY OF THE

Thomas is 72. Eobevt Suniinovs, our subject, has been a fiiinier the
greater portion of his life, but for a time was engaged in merchandis-
ing. In iJSGo he went to Massacliusetts, and for about four years was
engaged tliere in a cotton facto. _,, l)ut then returned to Middlesex
County. Since that time he has resided five miles south-west of Lon-
don, and is one of the oldest and mo,st honored residents of the county.
Although seventy-nine j'ears of age, his memory is remarkable, and he
recollects with distinctness incidents that ha])pened when he first came
to this county. He has always been a liefornier in politics. July 29,
1(S.")."., he was married to Miss Isabella iiobson, who was born in Cum-
berland County, England, and immigrated to Canada in 1820. The
following are their children who are living: — Margaret (Mrs. Kenuyj,
Robert (in San Jose, California), Aim (wife of Albert Mc(.'ulloch, in
New York State, near Kochester), Jane (wife of Thomas H. Orrel!),
Isabella, Mary and Katherine. John, the eldest son, died in Cali-
fornia on Christmas Day, 1878.

RALTH B. SmiNER.

Ealpli B. Simmer, farmer, of Middlesex County, Canada, is the son
of Cyrus W. Sumner, and grandson of William Sumner, who was born
in Keene, N. K., and who man'ied Patience .lohnson. To their union
were born eight children — William, I'lement, Nathaniel, Cyrus \V.,
^lary, Bet.sy, Clara, and Cyntha (all dead). ]\[r. Sumner moved to
(Janada aiid settled in Oxford County, where he carried on the Coojier
trade. His family moved to lUenheim, where Cyrus W. Sumner,
father of subj(;ct, was born in 180M. William Sumner died in Halton,
near Milton. Cyrus W. was a farmer by occupation, and married
Rebecca Sumner, daughter of William A. Sumner, who was an old
settler on the 1st Concession of Westminster aljout 1816, and was a
second cousin to Cyrus W. Sumner. The latter had moved to Middle-
sex County in 1819; was married there in lcSo."i, and first took uji a
lot on the IMth Concession, London Townshi]), but afterwards bought
Lot No. 19, 1st Concession of Westminster, where his son now resides.
Mr. Sumner was a hard-working man, and accumulated a good ])ro-
l)erty. He was a memljer of the Masonic fraternity, and lived to be
77 years of age. He was known by all the old settlers as an honorable,
upright man. His death occurred in 18.S0. Ralph B. Sumner, son of
the above gentlemen, was born on the old homestead, and still sleeps
in the same room in which he first saw the light of day in 183fi. He
received a good conmion school education, and has followed farming
all his life. He was married to Miss Mary RooL, daughter of Henry
and Sarah (Lee) Root, and to them were born two children — Cyrus H.,
and Amelia L. Mr. Sumner is a member of the I. U. 0. !<'. Lodge, and
he and Mrs. Sumner are members of the Congregational Church. He
is a well-to-do farmer, and understands agricultural pursuits and keup-

'ng "p
and mo
fother M
Sus.sex I
I'ound ii
i-ewistoi
next dav
of this s,

Rev.

Pi'esbytei-

son of H

lands of ;

Scotia in

born in 17

and settlei

attended tl

Knox Col](

tei'y of Hf

J)astor of I

Kziox ( 'liiii

J'astorate ii

^vas united

of Alexand

chil(h'en.

A^ary Ann,

Thirteen clii

are livin^

where lie^iio
iuiproved lai

James F.

''"le, Jilaster,

(i>anci,s) Sui

J-ounty, ()„(a

Jand and Irelj

ago of eightee

J'e was a succ

^^K and die

"'. l«7li to Mi

^^ichardson, n;

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1015

ing up tlie soil. He lias 115 acres of land, and has one of the I)est
and most ])leasantly sittiated farms in the townshij). His ,1,'reat grand-
father was a clergyman of the Oluu'chof Phigland, and immigrated from
Sussex to New Hampshire. iNlr. Sumner has in his jwssession a six
jioiind iron cannon hall which was fired across the Niagara river from
Lewiston to Queenston in the War of 1812, and was pick(;d u]i the
next day aftcn' the battle by William Sumner, lM uncle of the subject
of tliis sketch.

Rev. William Ross Sutherland.

Eev. William Koss Sutherland, one of the leading men of the
Presbyterian Church, is a native of Scotland, born July I'.t, 1823, and
son of Hugh and Janet (Kos.s) Sutherland, both natives of the High-
lands of Scotland. The father was born in 1782. and died in Nova
Scotia in IS^Ii. He was married in Scotland to Miss Ross, who was
born in 1 78 1 and died in 1844. The family immigi'ated to Nova Scotia
and settled in Pictou, where their son, William Koss Sutherlaiid,
attended the I'ictou Academy, and later the Edinburgh University, and
Knox College at Toronto. He was licensed to preach by the Presby-
tery of Hamilton in 1847, and in FeijiVary, 1848, he was ordained
l)astor of Knox Church, in Ekfrid Township. After being pastor of
Knox Church for more than thirty-five years, and having the largest
l)astorate in Western Ontario, he resigned his charge in 1884. He
was united in marriage, in 1850, to Miss Elizabeth McHean, daughter
of Alexander McHean. Mrs. Sutherland died in 1857, leaving three
children. In 1859, ]Mr, Sutherland chose for his second wife ]\Iis3
Mary Ann, youngest daughter of Alexander Koss, of Enibro, Ontario.
Thirteen children were the result of the second marriage, nine of whom
are living — three sons and six daughters. Mr. Sutherland settled
where he now lives in 1851, and is the owner of 102 acres of well-
improved land.

James F. Sutherland.

James F. Sutherland, builder and contractor and dealer in lumber,
lime, plaster, &c., at Mount Brydges, and son of William and Jane
(Frances) Sutherland, was born in Caradoc Township, Middlesex
County, (Ontario, October 2. 1850. The parents were natives of Scot-
land and Ireland, respectively. The father can^e to this country at the
age of eighteen, located in Caradoc Townshij), where for many j-cars
he was a successful tiller of the soil. He was a soldier in the war of
1812, and died in I8(,i8. His son, James F. Sutherland, was married
in 187n to ]\[iss Annie Ilichardson, daughter of L. li. and Catherine
liichardson, natives of England and Ireland, respectively. Mr. and

1(116

HISTOUY OK TlIK

Mrs. Sutliorland arc the ])iirL!iits of two I'liildicn— ]\rabel (Jatliorinc and
^VilliaIn Earle. Mr. yiitherland atliliatcs wiili l!ct(iriii ])arty, and, like
many successful business men, lie ha-; civeu but little attention to
political matters. He is yet a comparatively yoimu; man, but has suc-
ceeded in business to a marked de^^ree. Socially, he is a mend)er oi
tiio Masonic fraternity, and he and his estimable lady arj influential
mendjers of the rresbvterian ''liurch.

Talbot Family.

This family originated ]>rior to th(> Norman Conquest, and one of
the family, Richard by name, was witness to a grant to the Monks of
Casaise in Normany, in the reign of William I. About 1250, (rilbert,
who belonged to the .seventh generation of Talbots, was m.'inied to
Giindaline, daughter of Khiese A. (irillilh, Prince of Walt's, and
assumed the Arms of that Prince, which the family still retain. His
son, liichard Talbot, was one of the l^)arons who assisted tla; right of
Edward I. over Scotland. Kichard (lilbert was one of the ])rincipal
})ersons who assisted Edward in obtaining the Crown of Scot-
land in 1332, and was with Edward III. in the exjiedition against
Calais. Sir Gilbert Talbot died in 1419. He was first married to
Joan, daughter of Thomas Woodstock, l^dce of Ciloncester, who was a
son of King Edward 111., and took for his second wife Beatrice, widow
of Thomas, Isarl of Arndale, and daughter of John, King of Portugal.
John, the brother of Sir Gillx'rL, afterwards became possessed of
his estate, and in 1442 was made Earl of Shrewsbury, an<l July 17,
1446, was made Earl of Waterford and Wexford, in Ireland. He also
held the positions of Assistant Steward of England and Marshal of
Erance, and was killed July 24, 14ri3, by a cannon ball. By his
second wife, who was a daughter of Richard, Earl of Warwick, liy
right of her mother, Lady Lisle, he became the father of one son,
John, who was created I)aron Lisle by Henry VI., on July 2(1, 1444,
and Vi.scount Li.sle in 1452, but w;is killed at the .same time as his
father. John, his second son and second Earl of ShreM'sbury, had
several sous by his wife, Eliza, who was a daughter of James Butta,
E^arl of t)rmond. His eldest son, John, on the death of his father in
1460, succeeded as third Earl of Shrewsbury, and died in 1473. His
sou George, who died in 1542, became the next Earl of Shrewsbury,
and was succeeded by his son Eiancis, who was the fifth Earl, and
died in 15G0; succeeded by his son George, who died in 1590; was
succeeded by his .second .son Gilbert, who died in 161(1 ; succeeded by
his brother Edward, whose death occurred in 1617. The title and
estates then fell to George, the second son of John, second Earl of
Shrewsbury, and from Acts descended to the ja'esent Earl of Shrews-
bury. George was succeedtul by Ids brother's son, John, who was
succeeded by his second son, Erancis, the eleventli Earl, who married

the dar
succeeds
Alton ai
issue in
The
1733, til
'naii'ied
Jie had k
the late J
niarried i
^^^••"■v, da
became tl
married .
without i
c'aughter
daughtei's.
fi"', Scot la 1
9, 1749.

Henry
gi'andson'o
and Wexfo
Was inarri(
Broonhani,
HeniT (w)
married to
"C Bucks. I
'billed in tin
W., became
<^'ilbert. Si
second sou c
"f Count H
nine sons, t\
I'ections in tl
iiicliard, the
iliiiighter of
'-*-'ii'i'el, bv w
daughter "of ;
«"ion one soi
sous of the se
George Fitzh
tlii'eo .sons ,■)!
/'atiier Fitzhi
^li' lighter of
sons were bon
Tlui father,
niid Be\'erlev,
George, was lu

COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX.

1017

the ilauplitev of the Earl iif Cav(lii;an, and lii-; eldest son, Cliavles,
succeeded liiiu in 1677. The latt(!i' was afterwards created Maniuis of
Alton ami Duke of Shrewsbury in Iti'.i-I:, l)ut his Grace died without
issue in 17 IN, and his ti, j of Duke and Manjuis became extinct.

The title of Earl descended to his lirst cousin (iilbert, who died in
\7-'>S, the title then desciMided to (ieori,'e, fourteenth Eirl. wlio wa.s
married to Mary, daujjiter of Thomas, Viscount Fitzwilliam, liy whom
he had i.ssue. (Jeor^e, the late Earl was married to EHza, daughter of
the late Loi'd Dasnion, and was succeeded Ijy his ne])luiw, Charles, who
married the daughter of Iloberl Allwyn, Esi|. His stjcond wife was
Mary, dauj^diter of John Martyn Solacre, in Flinlsliire, by whom he
became the father of four sons and nine dau!j;hters. His son Francis
married Amiie, dau<,diter of Thomas, Earl of Fanconburif, who died
without issue, and he took for his seconil wife Mary Frances, only
dau;j;liter of W. .Sheldon, Esq , by whom he had one son and five
daughters. His dauuliter IJarljara married .lames, Lord Astor of Far-
far, Scotland, and Mary, another daughter, wedded Lord Dovenor, July
9, 1749.

Henry Talbot, of Ashmore, County of Nottingham, England, was a
grandson of John, the first Earl of Slirewsbnry and Earl of VVaterford
and Wexford in Ireland, and son of Charles, third son of the Earl ; he
was married to Jane, daughter of Edward Hobljs, Esq., of Great
BrooTiham, County of Lincoln. To their union were born three sons —
Henry (who died unmarried), -Tohn and lulward. The latter was
married to Eleanor, daughter of I'hilip CJray liingliton, of the County
of Bucks, by whom he had one son and three daughters. He was
killed in the war between the houses of York and Lancaster. His son,
W., became the father of four sons — William, lliclianl, Wilmot and
Gilbert, Sir Richard Kent, of Armston Hall, in .Stafibrdshire, was the
second son of William Talbot, and was married to Averine, daughter
of Count Harlstet, of the Cade of Luabia, Germany, by whom ho had
nine sons, two of whom were killed by the rebels in one of the insur-
rections in the reign of Henry VIL ; three more died umnarried, and
liichard, the third of the surviving sons, was first married to Elizabeth,
daugliter of Thomas Combney, of AVilbrook Kidins, in the County of
barrel, by whom he had one son. His second marriage was to Alice,
daughter of Mayner Cadville, of the Kingdom of Scotland, and to this
union one son and two daughters were born. Thomas, one of the
sons of the second marriage, weikled Mary, daughter and sole heir of
George Fitzhugli, of Sandwich, Ciuuity of Stalford, In' wliom he h.ad
three .sons and one daughter. His son George resided on his grand-
father Fitzhugh's estate of .Sandwich, and was marrieil to Joan,
daughter of Elias Ludlow, of Fernwood, County of Cheshire, and five
sons were born to their marriage.

The father, George, became a member of Tarliament for Jamesworth
and IJeverley, in Warwickshire. His son, who also bore the name of
George, was married to -Foan, daughter of Benjamin Fouctele, of Shrop-

P|i|

I \

11)18

HISTORY OK TIIK

sliire. Ho was a I.ioiitciiiint Colonol in the sorvico of Charles T., and
was kilk'd at tlio sioiio of CJIouccstci', leaving tln-oc sons and one
dauglitcr. His eldi'st son, George, followed the fortunes of ( 'harles 1 1 ,
and Henjaniin iind Thomas scdlled in hvland, in County Clare; hut
after their resjieetive marriages settled in l.ohain and Clonegan, King's
County. The former was married to Susan and the latter to .Mary,
daughters of John Large, of County Tiiiperary. Their sister Julia also
came to Ireland, and was married to Tliomas Large, Es([. William,
son of Benjamin Talbot, was married to ^Lary, daughter of Amos Carr,
of Ikllonglnuore, Queen's County, to whom were horn four sons.
Their third son, William, was nianieil to Frances, the daughter of W.
Smith, of Kilctmnnou, King's Coiinty, and was also blessed with four
sons, all of whom are deceased. The second son, Thomas, was married
to Hose, eldest daughter of Jacob Roberts, Esq , of Monstrath, Clennole,
County Tijijierary, by whom he had one son, William K.

Thomas was a num of wealth, and lived the life of a gentleman in
his native land. He was a fine English scholar, and served a short
time in the British Army. He had one brother, Benjamin, who was
in the Royal Irish Artillery, and was killed in battle. In ISli'.), Thomas
Talbot immigrated from Ireland to Canada, and jjurchased jmijierty in
Avhat was then the village of London, where he resided until his death.
He was the father fif two children, a son and daughter — William R.
and Elizabeth G. The latter resides in Lambton County. William
K. was born in County Ti|>i)erary, Ireland, May 2t), 1811, and there re-
ceived excellent educational advantages, being a student in the
endowed Collegia of Clonwi-ll, under the noted I'rfif. Eev. Dr. Bell. In
January, 18l.'7, he left school, and a few weeks later sailed for Canada,
taking passage at Limerick on board the sailing vessel " Peace," of
Newcastle. After a voyage of two months he landed at Quebec, and
went at once to Ottawa, there being but one house where the city is
1U)W located. On the innth of January he arrived in the City of L(jn-
don and bought the homestead, which place he owned up to 1880.
When he left the farm he bought land, aiul lived on Lot 18, ord Con-
cession of London, for about four years. In IS.'^ he received the
commission of ^Magistrate, which ofhce he has since held, being the
oldest Magistrate in the county. The country in and about London
was in a very jirimitive state at the time of his location. Tea and
coffee were the greatest lu.xuries, and it was a serious matter to get a
dollar bill changed. Since 1884 he has been been making his home
with his son William J., the farm being owned by his son Frederick
V. Mr. Tall)ot has been totally blind for eight years, but in body and
mind is strong and vigorf)Us, ] assessing a wonderful memory. The
genealogy of his family, which is given at the head of this memoir,
was copied by him from the records in the City of Dublin, Ireland.
He was baptised by Ilev. William Hill, of the established Cliurch of
England, while a resident of County Tij-.perary, Ireland, and the year
after coining to Canada was married to Mary Fitzgerald, who died on

the Sth
whom ;
^\'iiliani
Augusta
•Tohn Hi
Towe), a
great-gra

Charl

-Aliddlese:

one of t\\

I'iiige of V

in Devons

'I'he fathei

sjient the

find here

surgery, h

Ur. Wilsoi

i'roni whic

entered on

fixyorable c

tainnients,

liis i)rofessi

George
Castle, Scot
Scotch and
Ireland, and
latter early
fi period of (
Highlandei's
stationed in
lor's parents
County of M
i"g harness-
liini to volun
stdey, whose
liardships, an
If-^ss still in
Taylor remuii
lauds favorab

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1019

the Sth of March, 1884, havin;T borne? a family of ton chililren, eij;ht of
whom aro living — Thomas N. (married t(j Esther Fitzgerald, sr.),
^Villiam .1. (tnarrieil to Ksther Fitzgerald, Jr.), Frederick V. (married to
Augusta Everett), John II. (residing in Minnesota), Kosanna (wife of
John Henry), Margaret (wife of Edward Camjibell), Eliza (wife of John
Towe), and Slary (wife of William Howard). Mr. Talbot has fifteen
great-grandchildren.

Charles S. Tamlin.

Charles S. Tamlin, veterinary surgeon of London, and a native of
Middlesex County, was born on the U-lth of November, 18G8, being
fine of two surviving mend)ers of a family of three, born to the mar-
riage of Williain Tamlin and Elizabeth J. Tackal)erry, who were born
in Devonshire, England, and Middlesex County, Canada, respectively.
The father removed from his native land to Canada in IS.'il, and here
sjient the renuundor of his days. He removed to London about 1875,
and here Charles S. was educated, and began .studying veterinary
.surgery, beginning his preparatory studies under the ])rece]itorship of
iJr. Wilson, and afterwards entering the Veterinary College of Toronto,
from which institution he was graduated in December 1888. He has
(!ntered on the active jn'actice of his profession in London under very
favorable circumstances, and owing to his many admirable mental at-
tainments, and to his studious habits, bids fair to become eminent in
his profession.

George Taylor, IIayor.

George Taylor, Esq., ]\Iayor of London, Ont., was born in Sterling
Castle, Scotland, August (1, 1849 ; is the oldest son of six children, of
Scotch and Irish parentage ; his mother being r native of Hillsboro,
Ireland, and his father, ]\Ir. James Taylor, of Carthncss, Scotland. The
latter early in life enlisted in the Briti.sh Army, leaving the .service after
a period of twenty-two years, as sergeant-major of Her Majesty's iKird
Highlanders. During this time the regiment was for some years
.stationed in Canada, the knowledge of it probably influencing Mr. Tay-
lor's parents to return to it, which they did in 1855, settling in the
County of Middlesex. After school days, Mr. Taylor connnenced learn-
ing harness-making, but the North-west troubles of 870 induced
him to volunteer inider the command of General (then Colonel) Wol-
seley, whose rajjid march to Winnipeg luider many difiiculties and
hardships, and the successful termination of the expedition, is doubt-
less still in the minds of most of our readers. On its return, Mr.
Taylor remained in the North-west until 1882, judiciously investing in
lands favorably situated, which he had the good judgment to dispose of

lOliO

lllSTOUY OF TIIK

when ]mcrs wore at their hi<,'hest ; retnrnii)<4 to Loiuloii in ISSi.', wlu re
he hiis since resided, uiid wliere lie liiis ever siiiee lieen ehisidy idi-iiti-
lied with tlie interests of the city.

In 1.'>n7 he Wiis nominated and elected as alil(!rinan to re]iresent
the 4tli Ward in the City Council, and a,L,'uin re-(dec(ed in IHSiS. In
i.SN'J he contested a very strong op]iositiou for (he mayoralty, and to
the, siii'iirise of many was elected liy the largest majority ever ^^iven
miy candidate for this ollice. His well-Unown character, of (he strictest
]irol)i(y and ineorrujitihle honesty, and his shrewd vigilance in <,'uardiiiL;
the pulilic interests, was donl'tless the principal cause of his unprc-
cedented majority. He combines those .sure elements of success, both
in ])ublic anil jirivate life, — clear and deliberate consideraticai, with
}irompl and decisive action.

HENRY Taylor.

Heiu'y Taylor, banker and broker, was born in London, England,
October 14, 1<S41 ; son of Daniel anil Sarah Taylor of the .same place.
Subject was reared in London, iMigland, and came to Lonilon, Canada,
in 18(Jl2, and was connected with the Commissary Department of Her
Majesty's service. Hi IStio he retired from service. One year later
lie engaged in the private banking busine.s.s. IL; was instrumental, in
company with E. . I ones Parke, of organizing the Dominion Loan &
Divestment Society, and connected with it until 1S80, when he retired
from the same. He also formed the Ontario Hiveslmeiit Association, and
was succeeded in the management of same by Charles Murray. H(i
was called to tin; ])r(;sideiicy in 1.S87, and retired the .same year. He
was instrumental in starting the Bank of London, C'anada, and was Presi-
dent until his resignation in LS,S7. He was one of the organizers of
the Carling l>rewery & Malting Company in liS85, and a Director of
the .same until he resigned in 18.S7. He jiurchased the l>ennet Furni-
ture Factory from the Beiinet heirs in 1S84, which was successfully
carried on for some time. He was also one of the oi'ganizers of the
London & I'etrolea llarrel Comjiany in 18(S0, and retired in 1887. He
was a member of the Stevens, Turner & Burns Manufacturing Com-
pany for some time, and jilaced the stock of i\w same. He was
a Director of the British- American Assurance Company, of Toronto,
and assisted in the formation of the Huron & liainbton Mortgage
Company, being a Director in the same. He jiurchased the Brant
Mortgage of Brantford in 18S(i. Ife negotiated the City of Lon Ion
debentures in connection with the Bank of Toronto. He also took an
active intere.st in the various oil syndicates of London. He has always
manifested an active interest in any enterprise that had for its olijeet
the advancement of the city, and, jierhajis, no citizen of London has thus
contributed more of his time, energy and means than he. He was
Captain of No. 7 Company of 7tli Fusiliers for many years, and took an

ncd'vo

I8(;;;, i

lamily

C^'oinpai
i'ejaiti

.folu
I'liiicasli
Eliza bed
('laninia
hi'Ioiigiiii
took it.s J
^vaids I)(j

pi'eviousi

•U)\n\ Wal

tlie Midlj,

to follow

witli Will

lias .since j

-^fiss Saral

Island, Ne

•ii'o .•—Her

1'Jiii faniiJj

Lawn."

Jixuies
Middlesex,
""tl is the
natives af I
of London,
Dominion (
C'anada who
tlio eight ch
youngest. J
J'ai'ents had r
ho entered tl
iJej'artment
^vhen lie cam
'"'s present

•'t'ssie ( 'ampii
'I daughter of

OOUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX.

ni'live intoi't'st in tlio suiiit'. Air. Taylor wns niiirricd Dcccinlicr 2"),
ISd:!, Id Miss Charlottt! Tliiiitcr, ;i native ol' hclaiiil. Tliiiy liavn a
family cpf tlnvc I'liildri'n — Kdwanl foF the London & I'ctrolca liurrol
Coinpany), Sallic, and Fannin (wifi; of .1. tJ. Dawson, ol the Tost OUice
Duiiarlnient, antl son of J. K. Dawsijn).

JoiiiJ Taylor.

.lolin Taylor, nnrscrynian, of London South, wiis l)orn in Lancasti'r,
Lancasliiri', England, in ISJ-JIi, iind is tin; second son of Thomas and
Klizal)eth Taylor, of Lancaster, He received his education in the
(Iranimar ScIkhjI of Lancaster and Tulketli Hall, Preston, the; latter
Vudonniti^ to Sir Escot [''leetwood, from whom the town of Fleetwood
took its name. InlS;"") lie came, to Canada, and a few years aftca'-
wards houj^iit property in the Township of Westminster. He had
previously served some tinu) as a Surveyor and Civil Engineer with
John Watson, surveyor for the (Jreat Western IJailroad, now called
the ^Midland lload. After comin;,' to Middlesex County ho continuoc
to follow tlie occupation of surveying for .some; time. In company
with William I'ercival he laid out the town of liru.ssels, Ontario, which
has since <^rown so rich and ja-osperous. In LS(1-| he was married to
Miss Sarah Cr. Minard, dannhter of Samuel Minard, Es([., of Loiii,'
Island, New York, then living in Yarmouth, Ontario. Their children
are : — Herbert Thomas, Adah Elizabeth, Mary Inez and Sarah Helena.
The family reside in London South at their residence, " Evergreen
Lawn."

James F.

Taylor.

James F. Taylor, Collector of Customs and lidand llevenuti for
Middlesex, was born near the City of London, Ontario, July 18, 1S54,
and is the son of William antl Mary Ann (Fei'guson) Taylor, both
natives af Ireland. The father was born about IHlli, is now a resident
of London, Ontario, and since 1873 has been in the employ of the
Dominion (.Government in the Customs Department. He came to
Canada when (piite young. The mother was born about ISl'.i, and of
the eight children born to lier union with Mr. Taylor, James F. is the
youngest. He was educated in the London schools, to which place his
parents had removed when he was about twelve years of age. In 1872
he entered the emj)loy of the Dominion Government in the Kevenue
Dei)artment iit Lontlon, and there continued until December, 1(S81,
when he came to Strathroy, at that time receiving the ajipointment to
his present position. He was married on September 4, l»s7iS, to Miss
Jessie Camiibell, who was born at Seaforth, Canada, October 14, 1856,
a daughter of William and Margaret Campbell. This union resulted

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HISTDKY OF TIIK

in the birth of four children — Percy (born July 9, 18710, Frances (born
Jiuiuary 17, 1881, died September 12, 1884), Eriu (born March 17,
1883) and Fredrica (born June 29, 1880). He is a Conservative in
])olitics, and he and his wife are members of the Church of England.
He is one of the most popular men of Strathroy, and is an excellent
citizen.

John Taylor, Jr.

John Taylor, jr., jiroprietor of "Westminster Bakery, was born in
the County of York, Canada, February 13, 1851 ; son of Kobert and
Ann (Park) Taylor, natives of Bristol, Enf,'land, and Belfast, Ireland,
respectively. John Taylor, jr., was the eldest son and third child in a
family of nine children. His father and grandfather were bakers, and
.lohn, jr., was reared to this business in Weston, Out. In 1874 he
came to London, and in 1870 commenced business for himself, at
which he has been quite successful, his trade extending all over the
city. His bakery is one of the most important in the city, and is sup-
plied with all the most improved appliances. He has a large trade,
uses only the best grades of flour, and jn'oduces an excellent quality of
bread. He is very obliging and pleasant and agreeable in his manner.
December 21, 1870, Mr. Taylor married Miss Emma Taylor, a native
of I nndon, Out., and the daughter of John Taylor, an early settlor, and
for many years a prominent Ijuilder. To Mr. and Mrs. John Taylor,
jr., were born six children — William, Emma, Laura, Mabel, Joseph,
and James. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a
member of the A. O. U. W., and is also a member of the Independent
Order of Foresters.

Richard Thompson.

Richard Thompson, one of the old and prominent citizens of Lon-
don, and a man much esteemed for his many good qualities, was born
in England, January 31, 1817, and is the son of llichard and Anna
(Prusii) Thompson, both of English birth. The father was a shoe-
maker by trade, and in 1834 immigrated with his family to Canada.
He first made his home at St. Davids, but in 1837 lie came to London,
where he died in 187"). He left four children, and of the.se the subject
of this sketch was the youngest. Previous to coming to Canada
Kichard Thompson, jr., commenced his apprenticeship at the shoemaker's
trade, and finislied the same at St. Davids. He lirst came to London
in 18.38, but did not make his home here until 1840. Two years
later he commenced business on his own account, was very successful,
and subsequently purchased a farm in London Township, where he
has spent part of his time. Mr. Thompson's life is a good illustration

of tlK

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I and

JOOO, lu

TJiomas

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1023

of the possibilities of this country for young men without means or
influence, but of character mid determination to succeed. From his
first settlement here Air. Tiioinpson has takou active interest in the
welfare of the city, has represented his Ward in the City Council, and
in this capacity made an etHcient and faithful guardian of the city's
interest. Mr. Thompson was married in 1841 to Miss Elizabeth
Dixon, a native of England, and to them were born nine children,
seven of whom are living — Mary J. (now Mrs. Lock, of Nebraska),
Francis li. (of Nebraska), John, Elizabeth (now Mrs. Wilson, of Lon-
don), Theressa (wife of Charles Sterling), Ellen and Charles. The two
deceased were named James 1 ). and Emily.

William Thompson.

William Thomp-son, a prosperous farmer, residing in North Dor-
chester, near Derwent P.O., is one of the oldest tillers of the soil in
the county, and is of Irish descent, his father, Arthur Thompson, hav-
ing been born in County Fermanagh, Ireland. When sixteen years of
age the latter, with his brother llichard, took pait in suppressing the
Irish Rebellion, and he (Arthur) afterwards married Sarah Ilea, by
whom he became the father of seven children — Elizabeth, James, Jane,
Eea (who died in infancy while crossing the ocean on their way to the
New World in 1817), Malinda. Arthur and William. The family
.settled in London Township, Middlesex County, and entered, 100
acres of land on the Second Concession, where they remained a num-
ber of years, and after much labor succeeded in clearing their laud.
He and wife, who died about 183;i, were members of the Methodist
Church, and he was on duty in the militia at London during the
Canadian Ilebellion of 1837, as was also his son James. He lived to
the ripe old age of ninety-one years and died at the residence of his
son William, where he had spent the declining years of his life, breath-
ing his last while peacefully asleej), Sei)tember 20, 1875. His brother
Richard accompanied him to Canada, but died a few years afterwards,
unmarried. They sullered many of the privations of pioneer life, and
were obliged to go a distance of twenty-seven miles to Port Stanley
for supplies, a barrel of salt at that time costing $2o. Mr. Thompson
was a comfortable farmer, and owned 100 acres of good land, which
he had cleared and put in tillable order.

William Tliompson, his son, named above, was born on the
old homestead in London Town.ship in 1827, and grew to manhood on
a wilderness farm. He assisted in clearing the London Township
farm, and subseciuently (about the year IHaO) took charge of the
North Dorchester homestead, on which his brother James had first
spent three years, afterwards returning to London. The Dorchester
farm now covers an area of 200 acres. Mr. Thompson on January 23,
1856, married Jane O'Hara, born December 6, 1823, a daughter of
Thomas and Ann (Dickson) O'Hara, of Cootehill, County Cavau, Ire-

1024

HISTOKY OF THE

land, a Moravian family, by wlioin he had five children — Williaii)
(born November 7, ISoli), Sarah A. (December 27, ISiJS), James J).
(July 15, 1S61), Arthur (.January Ui, 1)S04), and George K. (Septem-
ber 5, 186G). Arthur died in London on August L'O, 1881. Wiieii n
young woman, Mrs. Thompson came to America, locating in Phila-
delphia, Pa., and in 185") became a resident of Canada, and made her
home with her uncle, in London, Ontario, who had married Elizabeth, a
sister of Mr. Thompson. The latter resided on his jn-csent farm for six
years previous to his marriage. He has been a staunch member of the
Methodist (I'hurch, which lie joined jirior to his marriage, loyally
supporting all denominational enterprises, and was one of the Board of
Trustees to erect Salem Church, near Derwent, taking an active interest
also in the churches at Belmont and other places on the circuit. He
served as Sunday School Superintendent, and was a Public School
Trustee for nine years. His sou, William Thompson, jr., has been for
some years on the editorial staff of the London Adveiii^er, being in
turn City and Agricultural Editor, and married Alice, a daughter of
James ^lorgan, of London. She died July 12, 18.S7, leaving one
child, William K.

[Much of the history of London City in this volume was writ en
for the Advertiser by Mr. Thompson, and adapted to this work by ,tie
publishers.]

William Thomas.

William Thomas, contractor and builder, and manuftvcturer of all
kinds of doors, blinds, mouldings, etc., of London, has an enviable re-
putation as a reliable workman. He was born in London, Ontario,
October 20, 1843, and is a son of John and Jane (Harris) Thomas,
both natives of Cornwall, England. The father was a carpenter and
joiner by trade, and in 1840 immigrated to Canada, settling in London,
where he followed his trade until his death in 1857. The mother is
still living, and finds a pleasant home in the family of her son.
William Thomas was reared and educated in the place of his birth, ami
after attaining a suitable age commenced working at the carpenter's
trade with his father. For a number of years he was foreman at
Broadbent & Overell's, but left their employ in 1881 to engage in busi-
ness for himself, in which he has ever since been successfully eiigiigud.
His shop is one of the most completely equipped in the city, and he
manufactures his own moulding frames, sash, etc., having built a large
and increasing trade. ^Ir, Thomas was married in 1804 to Miss Mary
Jury, who was born in Cornwall, England. They have one daughter,
Clara.

Charles H. Thorn.

Charles H. Thorn, dealer in hats, caps and furs, is among the
many business men of London who are deserving of special mention.

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forced to leave
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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1025

He received his business training in London, and has made this city
his home for over seventeen years. He is a native of the Isle of
Jersey, and was horn October L'U, 1856. His father, Charles Thorn,
and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Ann Cochram, were
both of English birth. Charles H. Thorn was reared in his native
country until 1X72, when the fomily immigrated to Canada, and his
time was princijially occupied in attending school and receiving a good
business education. He commenced his business experience in the
emi)loy of Edmund Eeltz, and passed all the grades of j)romotion from
errand boy to salesman, thus becomiTig thoroughly familiar in all the
details of the piesent business as well as a practical fim'ier. In LS8H
he engaged in business on his own account in coimection with Mr.
Addison liaymond, and tiiey conducted business together until
February, LSS.S, when the firm was dissolved by Mr. Raymond retir-
ing. Mr. Thorn carries in stock a full and complete line of hats, caps
and fur goods, and at as reasonable a ]irice as is consistent with good
material, .stock and honest workmanship. He gives his entire attention
to business, and by his polite? and attentive treatment to customers has
secured a large and constantly increasing i)atronagc. He is a man of
integrity in his business, of fine social qualities, and enjoys the esteem,
and confidence of a large circle of aajuaintances. Mr. Thorn was
married December 31, 1878, to Miss Mary Isabella Daniels, a native
of London. They have a family of five children — Emily A.,
Erederick C, Alfred C., Frank II. and Herbert C. Mr. Thorn -is a
member of both the Canadian and Independent Order of Foresters and
of Sons of England,

Rev. Father M. J. Tiernan.

Rev. Father M. J. Tiernan, Rector of St. Peter's Cathedral and
Chancellor of London Diocese, was born in the County of Essex, Out.,
two miles from Esse.v Centre, in May, 1846, and is a son of James and
Mary (Ward) Tiernan, who were born in County Leitrim and County
Donegal, Ireland, in 1791 and ISOi), res{)ectively. In 18.S0 the father
immigrated to the United States, and after residing for about three years
in New York, went to (.'anton, Ohio, where he became acquainted with
Miss Ward, who was brought to America by her parents in 1810, and
their marriage was consummated in 18:)4. The same year they moved
to Detroit, and in l8o5, during the cholera epidemic, he sent his wife
and one child for safety to a fanner living on the Canada side. She
became so pleased with the country that Mr. Tiernan sold out in
Detroit and moved to Canada, purchasing 100 acres of land in Essex
County, and as their family increased he purchased more land, until
he became the owner of 300 acres of fine farming land, which is still
in possession of the family. During the Rebellion of 1837, he was
forced to leave his wife and children to sutfer the hardships of pioneer
life without his aid, and went to the front. He served until the Rebel-

1026

HISTORY OF THE

lion was quelled, holding the rank of sergeant under C^ol. Prince, and then
returned to the peaceful pursuit of fanning. He was a dovcjted mem-
ber of the Catholic Church, and died in iHiid. His wife is now in her
80th year, and is still hale and hearty. She is living on the old home-
stead in Essex Comity, and has seen eight of her eleven children grow
to honorable manhood and womanhood. The following are the names
of the children: — Patrick, Mary (wife of John Haunet, of Detroit),
Cornelius (who resides in Cincinnati, Ohio), Michael J., Peter Ton the
old homestead), Thomas (in Detroit), Hannah (wife of W. McSweeney,
of Detroit), and Joseph (who is a civil engineer, and is now engaged in
surveying a township in the District of Muskoka, and has done nearly
all the surveying in three of the Townships of Essex County). Those
deceased were : John, James, and Catherine (who was the wife of
Thomas Moran, and mother of ten children, nine of whom are living).
Michael J., whose name heads this sketch, remained on his father's
farm until seventeen years of age, receiving his early education in the
Parish school, within half a mile of where he was born. His jjrecejv
tor then went with him to one of the teacher's examinations to see if
he could obtain a certificate, and to his own and teacher's surprise,
received a first-class certifiaite. He then engaged in teaching for six
months, and in ISC.'i entered St. Vincent's College, Latrobe, Pennsyl-
vania, to study for the priesthood. Here he remained four years, and
then owing to ill health, made a chp.nge to the Seminary of Our Lady
of Angels, at Niagara Falls, from which institution he giuduated in
1869. He then spent two years in studying theology and teaching in
the commercial course of Sandwich College, finishing his studies in
1875, in the Grand Seminary at Montreal. On December 19 of that
year he was ordained priest in the old Cathedral of London, by His
Lordship, Bishop Walsh, but just six weeks from that day was
appointed to his present position, as Rector of the Cathedral, and one
year later was made Chancellor. For five years he was secretary to
His Lordship, and when the latter began the erection of the Cathedral,
which is one of the handsomest buildings in the City of London, the
financial transactions were placed in Father Tiernan's hands, and in
less than five years from the time the first sod was turned, the struc-
ture was practically completed and dedicated. It is a masterpiece of
architecture, and when thoroughly completed will cost about $180,000.
§150,000 have already been expended upon it. (See cut.)

Peter Toll.

Peter Toll, a skillful carpenter and builder of London, Ontario, was
born in Bedfordshire, England, January 19, 1842, his parents being
Frederick and Susan (Irons) Toll, also natives of England. The father
was a carpenter and builder also, and he and wife became the parents
of nine childreu, of whom Peter is the second son and third child. He

reniai;
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:)v

COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX.

1027

remained in Bedfordshire until Christmas Day, 1849, when he went to
London and be^'an woiiving at the carjienter's trade, which work he
continiied until 18(il, then enlisted in the English army, Royal
Aitillery, and in the fall of the same year came to Canada. After
serving eight years he purchased his discharge and began v/ori<ing at
his trade at Hell m nth Ladies' College, continuing his work as a
journeyman until LsT'l, when he opened a shoj) of his own. He also,
in company with another gentleman, built the Infantry School of
London. He was elected to the Lon(U)n East Council in 1877, of
which body he was a member at the time of amalgamation. He has
also served as Deputy-Keeve, Councillor and School Trustee for the
past twelve years. lie has shown his brotherly spirit by becoming a
member of the A. E. and A. M., the A. O. U. W., the A. O. F., St.
George's, I. C). E. and the Orangemen. In 1876 he was married to
Miss Mary Ann Kussell, who was born in the " Emerald Isle," and by
her is the father of the following family : — Walter, Susan, Mary A.,
Frederick, Annie, Jo.seph and Nora.

Fjchard Tooley.

Richard Tooley is one of the repre.sentative men of Middlesex
County, and is a son of Richard Tooley, wlio was a successful former
of Cuckfordleigh, I )evoni3hire, England, was married to Su.saiina, a
daughter of William Cooker, by whom he became the fatlier of eight
children — Mary, Elizabeth, Su.sanna, Ann E, Harriett, Richard, John,
and Tliirza, all of whom are living except Susanna. The father spent
his entire life in his native land, and died at the age of fifty-four years,
Aug. 13, liS4('), having been blind for twenty-eight years before his
death, the result of an .iccident from the horn of a cow. He and wife
were members of the Clmrch of England, and the latter's death occur-
red in 1880 at the advanced age of ninety-four years, her people, as
well as the Tooleys, having been formers of England for generations.
She and her grandfather were born on the same farm, which is now
occupied by descendants of the family. Richard Tooley, whose name
heads this sketch, was born in Devonshire on the -lordan farm " Wid-
decomb," November 25, 1820, and received a common school educa-
tion in his boyhood days. After reaching manhood he was married to
Jane, a daughter of John and Mary (Smerdon) Esterbrook, by whom
he became the father of four children — Richard, William S., John E.
(deceased), and Elizabeth (deceased). Mr. Tooley resided on his
father's farm until ^lay, 1855, then came to Canada, and settled in
North Dorchester, Middlesex County, where he became a well-to-do
farmer, and has taken an active interest in all worthy public enter-
prises. He has been a School Trustee for three years, and was a
member of the Municipal Council from 18(.).'{ to 1870, serving as Reeve
two years, and Deputy-Reeve one year. He was Warden of the

1028

HISTORY OF THE

county ill 1870, and the following year waa elected a member of the
Provincial Legislative Assembly, being re-elected to this oftice thrue
successive terms. He resigned, however, in IHM, but in lcS86 was
re-elected for four years, and served to the entire satisfaction of all
concerned. He is Conservative, and believes in upholding the laws
of the country in whicli he lives. He was elected to supnort the <rov-
ernment of John Sandfleld Macdonald, and is now a follower of W. R.
Meredith. He owned a fine farm of 300 acres, and was an extensive
dealer in cattle, but sold his farm, and has since been retired from
active life. His official career in Middlesex County illustrates the
high place he occupies in the estimation of the i)eople, and he is one
of its most progi'essive and honorable citizens. Since coming to
Canada he has spent two winters in England (1871 and 1876), one of
these years being to celebrate the ninetieth birthday of his mother.
Her eight children were all present, their average ages amounting to
sixty years.

Richard M. C. Toothe.

Richard M. C. Toothe, bjirrister of London, Ontario, is a son of
liobert Powell Toothe. The latter was born in England, and educated
at Cambridge University, from which institution he graduated and
received his degrees. After leaving college he determined to immigrate
to Canada, which he did about the year 1842, settling in the Township
of Adelaide, Ontario, where he turned his attention to the pursuit of
agi'ioulture. His surroundings in his new location were in direct con-
trast to his early life, but he soon became attached to his new home,
and has spent his life there. He is a good Latin and Greek scholar, and
has at diH'erent times held the position of Councillor and Reeve of his
Township ; but his plainly expressed disfavor of the methods resorted
to by many politicans, and his pronounced and outspoken o]iinions
have not made him a popular candidate for political or public favor,
save by those whose standard of morality and right is above that of
many professional politicans. Mr. Toothe married Miss Charlotte C.
Thompson, and of the .seven children born to them five are now living,
viz. : — Harriet (widow of the late Rev. A. S Falls, Rector of the English
Church of Amherstburg), Charlotte C. (now Mrs. Thos. Boyer), Helen
C. (wife of H. Dillon), Richard M. C, and John H. B. (accountant at
Molsons Bank, London). Richard M. V. was reared in the County of
Middlesex, England, and spent his early life on a farm. He received
his education at Strathroy High School, and the Upper C'anada College
at Toronto. He subsequently studied law in the office of Becher,
Street & Becher, and was called to the bar in 18.S5, since which time
he has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his
chosen profession.

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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Lieut.- Col Thomas H. Tracy.

1029

Thomas H. Tracy, City Engineer of London, Canada, was born in
that city, June lio, 1848. His father, John Tracy, and his mother,
whose maiden name was Mary Brady, were both natives of Wexford,
Ireland. They were the parents of four children, and came to (.'anada
in 1838. Thomas H. Tracy was the third child, and was reared and
educated in London. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to the
City Engineer, and served with him five years. He then went to the
Public Works Department at Toronto, where he remained three and
ahalf years. In 1871, after the givat fire in Chicago, he went to that
city and remained a year, when he returned to London, but later went
to Albany, N. Y., and entered the office of the architect of the State
House at that place. In 1873 he returned once more to London, and
became a partner of William Robinson, City Engineer. This relation
existed until 1878, when Mr. liobinson retired and Mr. Tracy was
elected City Er.-ineer, and he has since filled this ]>osition. In 1881 a
resolution was passed requiring the City Engineer to give all his time
to the city's interest. Previous to tiiis, Mr. Tracy had had a large
partnership in general work in his line. In his ])resent capacity he is
the architect of the School Hoard. Mr. Tracy was married in 1<S74 to
Miss Sarah M. Pryan, who was born near Amsterdam, N. Y. ; they
have one daughter — Sarah L. Mr. Tracy is a uiember of the Masonic
Order, and a Past Master, Past First Principal in the Chapter, and
Past Eminent Preceptor of the Knights Templar ; he is a member of the
Scottish Eite, IH", and Past Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Lodge of
Canada. He was a Captain in the 7th Fusiliers, and served through
the North-west campaign. He had cliarge, as constructing engineer,
of the Water- works in 1S78, and is a man well known and universally
liked and esteemed. He has lately been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel
of the 7th Fusiliers, an appointment well merited, and one which gives
universal satisfaction.

William Trowbeidge.

William Trowbridge, one of the enterprising and successful farmers
of Westminster Township, is the son of Eli Trowbridge, who was born
in New York State, and was a man thirty years of age when he moved
with his wife, Miss Mabel Webster, to Westminster Township, Out, in
1822 or '2.'). They settled on the First Concession, Lot 35, where his
wife died three years later. Mr. Trowbridge then married ^liss Mary
Summers, daughter of Robert and Margaret (Bell) Summers, and be-
came the father of one son — William Trowbridge. Robert Summer,"
came with his family from Cumberland County, England, in 181l>.
and to his marriage were born six children — Jane, Mary, John, Eliza
beth, Robert and Thomas. Mr, Summers settled ou Lot 3G, 1st Con-

1030

HISTOUY OF THE

cession, and lived there the reiiiniiider of his days. He died in the year
IHaS at the age of 77. Ho was the owner of about 500 acres of land,
and was a well-to-do farmer. Mr. Trowbridge was the owner of 200
acres of fine fanning land, wliich he cleared by his dwn individual
labor, and was an industrious, hard-working man. He died in 18"_'.S
at the age of forty-two years. His son, William Trowbridge, was
torn Ajiril 14, I8:i7, on his father's farm, and received a common
school education. He assisted his father on the farm until grown, and
then married Miss Mary Ni.xon, daughter of James Ni.xou, an old
pioneer of the Township. (See sketch of John Nixon.) To Mr. and
Mrs, Trowbiidge were born two children — Jane and Mary. After
marriage, Mr. Trowbridge and family settled on Lot .">7, and hfis
always resided in the immediate vicinity, and is now residing on Lot
35. He has been successfully engaged in farming all his life, and is
one of the substantial farmers of the county. He takes great interest
in educational work, and has filled the oflice of School Trustee for three
years. He has also held other oflices. He has always been a hard-
working, industrious citizen, and a pleasant, genial gentleman. He is
a Reformer in politics.

James Tune & Son.

A marked and important industry of the City of London is the
manufacture of carbonated beverages, and among those most actively
engaged in this branch of commercial trade is the firm of James Tune
& Son, proprietors of the London Soda Water Works, The manufac-
tory which these gentlemen conduct is well equipped with the most
modern and improved machinery, and their product is unsurpassed by
any similar manufactory in the Dominion, and embraces the following
list of goods : — Ginger ale, champagne crab apple cider, phosphated
champagne sherbet, double soda, Buffalo mead, plain soda, standard
nerve food, cream soda, lemon soda, sarsaparilla, Georgia mineral
water, seltzer water in siphons and St. Leon mineral waters. The
business of this firm was first established at Simcoe in 188(1, and in
1883 removed to London, .since which time Mr. Tune has been
recognized as one of London's enterprising and successful business men.
Their business has been of steady growth, and their success has been
largely due to their enterprise and energy, as well as the superior nature
of their product, in which both skill and experience have been
combined in making ec^ual to the most noted manufactures of the Old
Country. The firm give their personal attention to their business, even
to the most trivial details, and have built up an enviable name for the
honorable methods of conducting their business, and the uniforndy
gentlemanly treatment of those with whom they have business inter-
course. James Tune, the .seiiior partner and founder of the business, is
a native Canadian, and he was born in Brautford, County of Brant,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1031

March 30, 1837. His jtfirents, l>ol)ert and Elizabeth (Dean) Tune, were
botli of Eu^'lish birth. Wlieii the father first came to Canada h(f settled
in Little York, now Toronto. The subject of this sketch was reared in
Canada at the confectionery business, and followed this calling; for
fifteen years. He was niamed in 1862 to Miss Sarah Hanibiil<,'e, a
native of Canada, to whom were born four son,s — Charles Henry,
Georfje Edward, William Alfred and John Albert. Charles Henry,
the eldest son, is associated with his father in the business.

John Tueneb.

John Turner is a carriage manufacturer. The connection of the
Turner family with the early hi.story of Middlesex County dates back
to a period when the country wns a wilderness, and its white inhabi-
tants few and far between. John Turner, the grandfather of the
gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born in County Tipper-
ary, Ireland, and was a soldier in the Uritish army and a participant in
the battle of Waterloo, which battle will live in history as the over-
throw of Napoleon Bonaparte. Mr. Turner was wounded in his right
arm at this battle while loading his gun, the shot passing through the
elbow and disabling this member for life. In 1818 he came to Canada
and settled in London Township, ^liddlesex County, where he spent
the remainder of his days. His son Robert was born and rai.sod in
this county, and throughout life followed the occupation of agriculture.
He was man-ied to Miss Jane Gain, and by her became the father of
six children. John, the second child, was born in this county, June
21, 1847, and at an early day began learning the trade which has
since received his attention, and at which he is now working. He has
always pos.sessed a determination to succeed, and this desire, accom-
panied by energy and good judgment, has accomplished the end hoped
for. He is at the head of the establishment in which he learned his
trade, and no similar enterprise of the kind in the county has earned a
more favorable reputation for substantial and graceful work. Mr.
Turner is serving his second terra as a member of the Board of Educa-
tion. His first wife, whom he married in 1871, and whose name was
Christine McKellar, died in 1872, and he afterwards married his
present wife, whose maiden name was Annie McMillan. She was
tx)ru in the county, and is the mother of five children — Robert C,
Henry A., John A., Annie Irene and Ella May.

Alexander Tytler.

Alexander Tytler, a dealer in gi'oceries and provisions, is one of the
most reliable business men of London, Ontario, of which place he has
been a resident since 1855. Mr. Tytler was born in Aberdeenshire,

io;?i

HISTORY OF THE

Scotland, May 22, 1833. His father, Alexander Tytler, and his mother
whose maiden name was Janet Brook, were both natives of Al)erdi;en-
shire. Our subject was reared at his birthplace, and after attaining
the age of ten and a-half years commenced an apjjrenticeship at the
<»rocery business, serving live years and Ijecoming thoroughly familiar
with all the details. He ubseciuently clerked three years in Edin-
burgh, and in 185.", as above stated, immigrated to London, Ontario,
where he entered the employ of 11. S. Murray, with whom he remained
one year. In 18(i.'j he commenced the grocery business in his own
name, and is now one of the oldest business men in his line in London.
Strict attention to business, pleasant in all his relations with the public,
and exact in tlie fulfillment of all representations and jjromises to
customers, he has earned and well merits the esteem in which ho is
held by all who know him. He has been successful in his business,
and enjoys lil)eral patronage. Mr. Tytler was married in 18.59 to
Ellen, daughter of James Eraser, of London Township. Mrs. Tytler
was born in Scotland, and came to London with her parents when
young. This union has been bles.sed with three children, Alexander
who married Mary Pratt, James and Margaret. Mr. Tytler is a
member of the I. O. 0. ¥,, and in his religious views is a Presbyterian,
having lieen a member of St. Andrew's Cliurch thirty-five years.

/. /. Uptigrove.

J. J. Uptigrove, who is one of the prominent citizens of Delaware
Township, was bom in Westminster Township, Middlesex County,
Canada, Feb. ], 1839, and is the son of James and Jane (Schram)
U])tigrove, both natives of Canada. They were among the earliest
settlers of Westminster Townshij), but later, or in 1846, they moved
to Delaware Township, and settled on the place now owned by the
srbject of this sketch. Here the father received his final summons in
1875 at the age of sixty-seven. His son J. J. remained at home and
assisted his father on the farm until twenty-one years of age. In 18(14
he purchased his present farm, which consists of 100 acres on the 4th
Concession, and here he has since remained. December 28, 1.S73,
he chose for his life's companion Miss Esther Kilbourn, a native of Dela-
>vare Township and a daughter of Robert Kilbourn, one of the old
pioneers of Delaware Township. Eight children were born to this
union, five sons and two daughters now living. Mr. U])tigrove is a
member of the Methodist Church, is a Iteformer in politics, and is
trustee of the School Board.

AARON T. VAIL.

Aaron T. Vail, of Delaware Village, one of the old settlers and
pioneers of Middlesex County, is a son of the late William and Mary

COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX.

1033

(Davis) Vail, and was born in (the then) villaso of Simcoe. Norfolk
(.'ounty, Ontario, April 1, 1814. William Vail wa.s born in Nova
Scotia, of Eiif^lish jiarentage, and canio to Middlesex ( 'ounty among
the first settlers of the same. He served in the militia during the VV^ir
of 1812. Mary Davis was born near the City of Hamilton. A family
of eleven children was born to them ; the subject of this sketch being
the eldest. He had just arrived at manhood when his father died, ami
he remained on the homestead (four miles south of Lambeth) with his
mother until he was twenty-three years of age. About this time the
Bebellion broke out, and he served in the militia as sergeant until
peace was restored, after which he followed farming in Westminster
Township till 1848, when he ])urchased a farm on the 1st Concession
of Delaware Township, where he carried on the manufacturing of brick
and tile in connection with his farming operations. Having by close
application and fair dealing acquired a competency, he retired from
active business, and removed to Delaware village in 1871, where he
has since resided.

In 1837 he married Miss Susan Warwick, daughter of Andrew
and Sarah Warwick, and a native of Yarmouth Township. To tiieni
were born seven children, four sons antl three daughters — William L.
(farmer of Delaware Township), Harriet M. (of Imlay City, Michigan),
George F. (merchant of Melbourne), Ellen M. (wife of U. D. Glerain,
of Delaware Village), James (of Dorchester Township), John A.
(farmer, of ("aradoc Township), and Emma M. (deceased, who was
married to J. S. Ferguson, of London Townshij)). Mrs Vail died in
]8.jS, and in 18(J0 he was again married to Mrs. Elizabeth Bennett,
daughter of Alex, and Mahedabel Gunn, who was born in Digby,
Nova Scotia. Mr. Vail has always been Conservative in his iwlitioil
views, anil both he and Mrs. Vail are respected members of the
Methodist Church, he having served many years as Steward in the
same.

Wilbur R. Vining.

Wilbur R. Vining, Treasurer of the London Mutual Fire Insurance
Company, was born near Rochester, New York, November 22, 18111,
and is the son of Jared and Charlotte (Bodwell) Vining. His fiither
was a native of Massachusetts and a farmer by occui)ation, and his
mother was born on the line dividing the State of Maine from Lower
Canada. In 1820 the family moved from New York State to the
County of Oxford, Canada, but two years later removed to Nissouri
Township, then in the County of Oxford, but at present time part of
the County of Middlesex, where Wilbur R. grew to manhood. He
was the eldest son and second child of a family of ten — five sous and
five daughters. His youth was spent upon his father's farm, and sub-
sequently he learned the carpenter's trade. After a few years he

1034

HISTORY OF THE

purchased a ftimi and engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1873,
when he abandoned the farm and came to London. As early as 18(51
he had become interested in the London Mutual Fire Insurance Com-
pany, was elected Vice-President, and served creditably as such until
1873, when he was elected Treasurer, which responsible position he
has since filled with high honor. The steady and pronounced success
of the com])any is largely due to his energy, skill and advice. (An
account of this company, its development, success and business, will be
found on another page of this volume.) Previous to his coming to
London he served nine years as Keeve of Nissonri Township ; and as
early as 1857 received the appointment of Justice of the Peace, being
no\/ one of the oldest magistrates in the county,

Since coming to London he has served as a member of the (Jity
Council, and has gone high in Masonry, being a Past-Master of St.
George's Lodge, No. 42 ; St. George's lloyal Arch Chapter, No. 5, and
Richard (Jdur de Lion Commandery. He is a man of unblemished
reputation, whose word, where he is known, is as good as a bond.
The responsible positions he has so faithfully occupied, and the high
esteem in which he is held by all, are sufficient to establish the correct-
ness of his habits and his life. In 1854 he was united in marriage
with Miss Margaret Moloy, a native of Oxford County, and to this
union were born three children — two sons and one daughter. Of this
family only one — James P). Vining — is now living. His birth occurred
in Nissouri Township, Middlesex County, July 9, 1857. He was
reared and educated in this county, and passed his early life on the
farm. After leaving the farm he became connected with the insurance
business, with which he is yet interested. In 1S7'.> he was united in
marriage with iliss Margaret Quinn, a native of this city, and three
children have blessed this union — Frank W., Winnie and Annie. In
1887 he was elected to the City Council from his Ward, and in 1888
was re-elected, and has served with distinction and to the satisfaction
of his constituents — the last year as Chairman of No. 1 Committee.

Francis Walden.

Francis \\'alden, cheese contractor for the Bin- Cheese Manufactory,
was born in Bidduljih Township, Middlesex County, Canada, Septem-
ber 14, 1862, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Westman)
Walden, natives respectively of Middlesex County, Canada, and County
Queens, Ireland. The paternal grandparents were born in Ireland,
and after coming to Canada located in London Township, this county,
where they followed the lives of agriculturists. The grandfather was
a soldier in the Itebellion of 1837. Benjamin Walden has always
been a farmer, and i now residing on the old homestead. He became
the father of these ■ lildren, nine of whom are living — Ann, Hannah,
Frank, Cornelius, Elizabeth, Jane, Harriet, James, Charles, and Ethel.

shire,
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In 18f
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deceased;

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

103.")

Francis Walden was educated in the District schools, and was engaged
in tilling the soil until the spring of 1<S87, wlien he began handling
cheese, and in May, 1888, took charge of the Birr Cheese Factory, and
is the present manager of the business. He turns out about (iOO lbs.
of cheese daily, which finds a ready sale in London. Mr. Walden is a
young man of push and enterprise, possessing good business qualifi-
cations, and his future success is assured. In November, 1887, he
was married to Miss Ann, a daughter of John Goulding. They are
members of the Church of England, and he is Conservative in his
political views.

Lieutenant-Colonel John Walker.

1 1

Lieutenant-Colonel John Walker was born at Iiiverary, Argyle-
shire, Scotland, on the 24th of January, 1832, his parents being John
and Mary (McHardy) Walker. The grandfather was an officer of the
Breadalbane Fencibles, from which the famous " Black Watch," or
Forty-second Highlanders, was formed. John Walker was educated
in Stirling Academy, Scotland, and in 1854 joined the Queen's Own
Yeoman Cavalry at CJlasgow, Scotland, and continued with that regi-
ment until the organization of the volunteer force in Great Britain,
being appointed Captain of the Grenadier Company, 19th Lanarkshire
Kegiment of Scotland. In 18G4 he immigrated to Canada and organized
a militia company at Bothwell, County of Kent, in 1866, and on the
breaking out of the Fenian troubles went to the front. He was subse-
quently transferred as (Japtain to the 7th Fusiliers, London, becoming
commander of that regiment in 1877, and retiring from the service in
1884, retaining his rank. Under his command his regiment became a
model in discipline, and elicited unstinted praise from the successive
Generals in command of the forces. He accompanied Colonel Pea-
cock's force in the Fort Erie Fenian Campaign of 1866, and was put
in command of the Windsor frontier force during the threatened
Fenian troubles in 1870. He was Vice-President of the first Canada
Pacific liailroad Company, of which Sir Hugh Allan was President ;
and a Director in the London, Ontario, Savings and Loan Company,
and the Equitable Loan Company ; President of the School of Art and
Design ; Vice-President of the London, Huron & Bruce Railway Com-
pany ; Director of the Canada Chemical Company ; Director of the Im-
perial Oil Company ; President of the Mechanics' Institute ; Director of
the Sovereign Fire Insurance Company ; President of the St. Andrew's
Society ; Director of the City Gas Company and London Life Insur-
ance Company ; one of the founders of the Protestant Orphan's Home ;
and is connected with many other charitable institutions of the city.

In 1805 he purchased, for a number of Scotch capitalists, the large
tract of oil-producing lands owned by the Hon. George Brown (now
deceased; in Bothwell, and for some years resided on the property,

1036

HISTORY OF TIIK

carry inp; on operations for the company. He suliscquently removed
to London, where he erected chemical works and an oil refinery, and
liere has since resided, with the excei)tion of short periods which were
spent at Montreal and Winnijieg. Mr. Walker was selected by his
friends in Scotland to come to Canada to take charge of the Bothweil
})roperty, with the view to cultivating the lands and developing the oil
springs with which the land fibonnded. The region at this period was
in a very rough condition, owing to an influx of laborers from the
United States during the Civil War, but the presence of Mr. Walker,
and his firmness and energy, had a pacifying effect, and he was
appointed magistrate there. He has always had an aversion to politi-
cal warfare, and it was circumstances rather than choice that forced
him, in 1874, to take to a field which had for him little fascination.
At the election for the House of Commons in that year, he represented
the Liberal interest in opposition to Hon. John Carling, now Minister
of Agriculture in the Dominion of Canada, and defeated him by a
majority of over seventy votes. The election was contested in the
Courts, and Colonel Walker was unseated, being defeated also in the
renewed contest. He has, however, continued to be a prominent and
influential sujiporter of the Liberal party. He has been twice married
— the first time in 185(>, to Janet, daughter of John Machattie, Mana-
ger of the Canon Iron Company, of Leith, Scotland ; she died in 1N63,
and he was again man'ied, to Laura, daughter of Jacob Hespeler, of
Waterloo County, Canada. In 188() he was appointed Kegistrar of
the County of Middlesex, which office he now occupies.

DOCTOR JOHN Walker.

Dr. John Walker, a successful practitioner of Glencoe, was born in
the Township of Mosa, August 20, 1854, and his parents, Mitchell and
and Harriet (Swartz) Walker, are well known among the residents of
that township. Dr. John Walker received a thorough education in tlie
Wardsville High School and Hamilton Collegiate Institute, and in 1878
entered the Trinity Medical College of Toronto, graduating therefrom
in 1881, having matriculated in medicine in 1877. Immediately
following his graduation he located at Shedden, in Elgin County,
where he remained for three years. In 1884 he came to Glencoe and
established hims«. : in the practice of his profession, at which he has
been very successful, having built up a lucrative practice. He is a
member of the Ontario Aledical Association, and in 1888 he was
elected a member of the Municipal Council of Glencoe. He is a mem-
ber of the I. O. O. F., physician of the same, and is also physician of
the A. O. U. W., and holds the position of Chief Hanger of I. 0. F.
In 1 878 he mamed Miss Catherine Lounsbury, a daughter of the Kev.
E. Lounsbury, who was for many years a pastor of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. This union resulted in the birth of three children

Virginia.
Washinj
brother
States.

COUNTY OF MIDDI.ESKX.

1037

— two sons and a daughter. Dr. and Mrs. Walker arc worthy mem-
bers of the Methodist Church, and have the respect of all who know
them.

William Walker.

Among the important industries of Middlesex County, Canada,
worthy of especial mention, is the brick manufactory belonging to the
gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in County
Antrim, Ireland, in February, 1845, and is a son of John and Margaret
(Moore) Walker, natives of County Down, Ireland. The father was a
farmer by occupation, and died in his native land in LS5(i. William
Walker bade farewell to his native land when about nineteen years of
age and took passage to America, landing in New York City, and after-
wards came to London, Canada, not knowing a soul in the city. While
strolling about the streets, he met Mr. Wade, a brick manufacturer, and
hired out to him, remaining in his employ for about eight nKjnths.
The following four years were spent in chopping wood in the forests
during the winter months, and working in the brickyard during the
summer seasons. In 1872 he started a brickyard of his own, which
he has since continued to manage quite successfully. He furnished
all the face brick for the Military School, and over a million brick for
the Masonic Temple, and about the same amount for the High School,
of Waterloo street. He employs from twelve to sixteen men through-
out the summer, and does a paying business. He owns two valuable
farms in the county, both of which he manages in connection with his
brickyard. He was married in 1877 to Miss Sarah I. Stevenson, by
whom he has two children living — John S. and Mary. Mr. and Mrs.
Walker are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a member
of the Masonic fraternity.

William be H. Washington.

William de H. Washington, United States Consul at London, is no
doubt the youngest representative of the United States in the consular
service. He received his present appointment in 1885 from Presi-
dent Cleveland, wholly without the assistance of friends of influ-
ence with the administration, and entirely upon his own personal
application and merit. He stands among the leading young men uf
the " Great Republic " now in political life, and has an extremely pro-
mising career opening before him. He was born in Hanover County,
Virginia, June 29, 1863, and is a son of Lewis and Ella (Bassett)
Washington, and grandson of William Augustine Washington, eldest
brother of Gen. George Washington, first President of the United
States. Lewis Washington, father of William de H. Washington, was

1038

mSTOKY OF THE

the first man captured by John Brown, and held as a hostaj^e during
his historic insurrection. He died in 1(S71, leaving his widow and his
son, William de H. The latter was educated in his native State, and
when sixteen years of age began life for himself as a civil engineer,
but two years later accepted a position as purchasing agent iu the
export lumber business. After filling this position for some tiiue he
went to New York (Jity and began directing his attention and time to
mechanical inventions, and thus became connected with tiie Atlantic
antl Pacific Ship Canal Company, and was thus engaged when he
received his appointment as Consul to London, Out.

William Watcher.

William Watcher is a representative farmer of Middlesex County,
and was born in England in 184:1, his father, Kobert Watcher, having
been a well-to-do miller of Devonshire, England. The latter was a man
well versed in the affairs of his day, and, knowing the advantages
olTered to young men in Canada by the Ihitish Government, he
assisted three of his sons to come to this country, where the success
which attended their labors amply rejiaid him for his eH'orts. Richard,
the eldest brother, came first, and settled in Dorchester Township on
the Sixth Concession, and began running a blacksmith shoj), which
occupation he followed for about ten years. About this time the
father sent his other sons, George coming in iHo'.i and settling in
Dorchester Township. William came out the following year, when
quite young, and was followed by his brother John the next year.
William received a common school education in England, and the first
three yccars of his life in Canada were spent in the service of Lewis
Simpson. He then purchased land on the Third Concession, and was
afterwards married to Abigail Vincent, a daughter of Michael and
Sarah Vincent, by whom he became the father of nine children —
William H., George F., Florence E., Richard M., Mary A., Elizabeth,
Alnieda, Emma and Eric L. Mr. Watcher is Independent in politics,
but has liberal views ; and has been Deputy-Reeve one year, and a
Municipal Councilman for three years. He has ever been interested
in the advancement of the schools, and has held the office of School
Trustee, but in addition to this is interested iu all enterprises which
tend to benefit the county.

George Watson.

George Watson is a retired architect and builder. In writing a his-
tory of the County of Middlesex and the City of London it is essential
that the name of Mr. Watson should be given a place among its pages,
as he is one of the pioneer citizens, and has by his many admirable

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

103V>

traits of character won an enviable reputation wherever ho is known.
He was born on the estate of Sir Harry Vane Tempest, afterward the
Marquis of Londondeny, in the County of Durham, England, January
14, 1812, his fiither, George Watson, being born on the same estate,
and his mother at Plymouth, England. George Watson was reared in
his native county, and served a regular apprenticeship at the carpen-
ter's trade, and after coming to Canada in 18;i3, settled in London and
actively pursued his calling until 1855. He was then engaged in
business with Samuel Peters, and during the Rebellion of 1837 served
in the volunteer corjis. He was a member and Secretary of the first
Fire Engine Company in London, and did the first corporation work
done in the city. In 1833 he wedded Miss Margaret Tolson, who
was born in England, and by her became the father of five sons and
two daughters : — (Jeorge lost his life in the American war; Hannah
is in St. Ix)uis; Richard in St. Louis ; Isabella is the wife of James
Gammock, a prominent jeweler of Port Huron ; John is in London ;
and James in Montana. William died in London. Mr. Watson is
an honorable and upright man, and commands the respect and esteem
of all

Peter J. Watt.

Peter J. Watt, grocer and wine merchant. One of the most recent
acquisitions to the mercantile inter-^sts of London is the house of
P. J. Watt, yet he himself is no strui'ger to the citizens of the place, as
for years he has made it his home, and as a commercial traveller, sell-
ing goods for a wholesale grocery house of Hamilton, he is well and
favorably known to the trade. His long experience in this line en-
ables him to embark in business under favorable auspices. P. J.
Watt is a native of Scotland, and was born October 17, 1852. His
father, Peter Watt, and his mother, whose maiden name was Miss
Margaret Jamieson, were both of Scotch birth. Peter J. Watt spent
his boyhood in assisting on the farm, and in getting a good practical
education. When seventeen years of age he immigrated to Canada, and
accepted a position in a grocery house for sixteen years. He sold goods
on the road, and it is safe to predict that the reputation he secured in
this capacity will be substantial in his present position. His natur-
ally kind and obliging disposition, and the habits of close attention to
business, will secure for him a liberal patronage. His place of business,
131 Dundas street, is one of the old landnuirks of the city, having been
occupied by what is known as the New York Store for many years.
Under the present management the building has been remodeled and
renovated, and is stocked with the best goods in that res})ective line to
be had, and sold at prices iis low as can be afforded. Mr. Watt was
married in 1877 to Miss Margaret J. Inksou, of Hamilton. They have
a family of two children. Jack and Margie. Mr. W^att is a member of
the Masonic Order.
06

3040

HISTORY OF THE

• Benjamin V/atterwoeth.

Benjamin Watterworth, a prominent and ropiesentative farmer of
Mosa Township, is a iiati' e of Middlesex County (what is now Elgin
County), bom in Southwold Township, March 8, 1824. His parents,
William and Ann (Siddall) Watterworth, were natives of Yorkshire
and London, England, resiiectively. In Ls21 they immigrated to Canada,
settled in Southwold, where they remained until 1833, when they re-
moved to Middlesex County, settling in Mosa Township on the Long-
woods Eoad, where they passed the remainder of their days. The
father was born in 17cS5, and died August, 1841. He was a physician
by profession. The mother was born in 1792 and died 18(i8.
William Watterworth served in the Eoyal Navy as surgeon, and was
surgeon on board Nelson's flag ship at the battle of Trafalgar, where
Nelson was killed, Benjamin Watterworth is the second son and
fifth child in a family of ten children — six sons and four daughters.
When seventeen years of age his father died, and he remained with
his widowed mother, assisting her in the support of the family left de-
pendent upon her, until his marriage, and received such educational
advantages common to the boys of that period. In (Jctober, 1846, he
married Miss Sarah Lumley, a native of Elgin County, Canada, and a
daughter of Eufus and Christina (Griffin) Lumley, both natives of
Nova Scotia. Following their marriage they located on their farm,
which Mr. Watterworth had previously purchased, and on which they
still reside. Mr. Watterworth has taken an active part in the political
affairs, and has served the Township of Mosa as Assessor, Collector and
Reeve, and for sixteen years in the Municipal Council of the Town-
ship. In 1888 he was appointed Township Clerk, which office he still
holds. He also has been prominently connected with the Mosa Agri-
cultural Society, in which he has he'd nearly every official position,
and is at present Secretary. He is a Reformer in politics, and he and
wife are members of the M. E. Church, by which they are held in high
esteem. In 1886, Mr. Watterworth was elected Warden of the
County. To Mr. and Mrs. Watterworth have been born nine children
— seven sons and two daughters.

James E. Wetherell, B.A.

James E. Wetherell, B. A., Principal of the Strathroy Collegiate
Institue, was born in Port Dalhousie, September 20, 1851, and is the
son of James S. and Sarah J. (Hilts) "\\'etherell. The father was born
in the northern part of the County of York, Canada, May 22, 1821,
and the mother (a sister of the liev. Joseph H. Hilts, a prominent
M. E. clergyman, and author of an attractive little volume entitled
"Experiences of a Backwoods Preacher") was born in 1827. They
now reside at Winnipeg. James E. Wetherell is the second in a family

COUNTY 01 MIDDLESEX.

1041

of thirteen children, eight now living. When he was two years of age
his parents removed to Newmarket, County York, and here wer*^ tlie
scenes of his early boyhood. After attending the public schools in
18(38, he entered the Newmarket High School, and in ISCH, 70, 71
and 72, was a pupil and also a teacher, being engaged in teaching two
or three hours each day. Among his teachers at the Newmarket
school were : W. \V. Anderson, now princijial of Hopkins' Academy, at
Oakland, Ctvl., and William R. Nason, a medalist of Toronto University.
In 1872, Mr. Wetherell entered Toronto University, winning the first
general proficiency scholarship, and a scholarship in classics. For six
months in the years 1872 and 73, Mr. Wetherell was assistant mast-er
in the Weston High School, under John Somerville, B. A. During
his second, third and fourth years in college, he won the ciu'^si'^:^
prize and a University scholarship each year, and graduated in 1S77,
receiving the first silver medal. The same year he was also awarded
the first prize for being the best public speaker in the University.

In 1<S77 he began teaching, and for two years was a professor of
Latin in the Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock. From 1879
to 1(S84, he was j)rincipal of the St. Marys Collegiate Institute, at a
salary of 151,200 per annum. In January, 1(S(S4, he became head mas-
ter of the Strathroy Collegiate Institute, which position he now hold.s,
at a salary of §1,500 per annum. He is one of the best educators in
Canada ; is a recognized linguist, and in 1887 was apjiointed by the
Minister of Education to edit Scott's " Lay of the Last Minstrel" He
was married August 15, 1878, to Miss liebecca It. Nason, who was
born in Weston, Canada, July 2tj, 1852, daughter of William and
Jatie (Williamson) Nason, natives of London, England, born in 1819
and 1810, respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Wetherell have been torn
three children — Joseph E. (born 1879), Arthur N. (born 1881), and
Alice (born 1883). Mr. Wetherell is Independent in his jKilitical
views ; is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and is a close
student and a popular man.

Jacob Weyler.

Prominent among the well-known and rejiresentative citizens of
Delaware Township who deserve sjiecial notice is the gentleman of
whom this brief notice is given. He was born in Wiirtemberg, Ger-
many, November 0, 1810, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Ober-
gefel) Weyler, both of whom were natives of Germany, and there
passed their entire lives. The father was a shoemaker by occupation.
Jacob Weyler remained with his parents until grown, and in 1831 he
left the parental roof, crossed the Channel to Euglanil and located in
London, where he worked in a sugar refining establishment for some
time. In 1845 he went to Cairo, Egyi)t, where he engaged in the
refinery for Ibrahim Pasha. After remaining in Kgypt for three year?

1042

HISTOliY OF THE

h(! immigmted to America, and laiidod at Quebec, September 14, 184.S.
lie iinmediiitely jn'oceuded to Middlesex County and ])>ircbasud tlu;
place where he now lives in Delaware Townshij). His farm consists
of 150 acres of fine land, on the Third Concession. Mr. Weyler was
married in 1.S41 to Miss Itebecca Pittman, a native of Enj^land, Vjorn
in Somersetshire, and to them were born two children, both daughters,
only one of whom is now living. Mrs. Weyler died November, L876,
at the age of sixty-eight years. In ]8."»;5, Mr. Weyler was elected a
member of the Township Council, and was re-elected a nund)er of
times, serving in all about twelve years. In 185G he was elected to
the oftice of Keeve of the Township of Delaware, and served in that
capacity eight years. He has also served for more than twenty years
as magistrate. He is one of the few remaining old settlers who were
witnesses of the gradual growth and development of the country, and
who can relate many startling incidents connected with early settle-
ment. Mr. Weyler is widely known and enjoys the re.'^pcict and
esteem of all who know him. He is Liberal in his political views, and
is a member of the Methodist Church.

Martin Weyler.

Martin Weyler, one of the old settlers and influential citizens of
Delaware Township, was born in Wiirtemberg. Germany, October '11,
1822, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Obergefel) Weyler. The
fatlier Wiis a native of Germany, was a shoemaker by trade, and ])assed
all his life in his native country. In the year \'S>'u, Martin Weyler
left the land of his birth and crossed the ocean to America, landing at
New York. He at once proceeded to Canada, and located in Dela-
ware Township, where he has an excellent farm of 175 acres. He is
engaged in farming and stock raising, and has been quite successful in
this occupation, duly 4, 1848, he mamed Miss Mary B. Gluuz, a
native of Wiirtemberg, Germany, born in the year 182'.>, and the result
of this union was the birth of ten children — four sons and six daugh-
ters six, now living — one son and five daughters. Mr. Weyler is
Liberal in his political views, and is a worthy and consistent member
of the Lutheran Church.

Robert White.

Robert "Wlxite, a prominent citizen of I'arkhill, and general mer-
chant, was born in Huntingdon County, near Montreal, in 1852, and is
the youngest child of two (a son and daughter) born to William and
Kathcrine (Brecken) White. The father was born in Haddington,
Scotland, and in 18;U left his native country and came to Huntingdon
County, Canada, where he became a prominent citizen for over thirty

COUNTY OF MIDDI-ESi;X.

1043

years. He served as a member of the Council in the Township in
wliich he lived, and lie also served as Warden of the county for many
years. In l.s:;4 he was nuuiied in Montreal to the mother of our
subject, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and when quite young
accompanied her parents to New Yorlc. Eobert White attained his
growth while livinj,' under the parental roof, receiving,' a limited educa-
tion, lie afterwiirds enf,'a<,'ed in af,Ticnltnra) puisuits, and, coming to
Parkhill in 1881, along with Peter Lindsay, they established the firm
of Lindsay & White. In the month of November, IMSS, the firm was
dissolved, and since then tlui business has been carried on by Kobert
White. He is a public-spirited man, anil it is due to his energy and
enterprise that I'arkiiill was incorporated as a town in 1887. In that
year he was elected Ileeve of I'arkhill, which i)osition he held for two
years with .satisfaction to all. refusing renomination in IN.S!) on account
of his large and increasing business, which requires all his attention.
In 1875 he was united in wedlock to Miss Maggie Lindsay, who was
born near Montreal, Canada. This marriage has residted iti the birth
of three sons and one daughter. Mr. and Mrs. White both belong to the
Presbyterian Church, in which the former is an Elder. He is a
highly respected citizen, and in 18S5-6 was a member of the Village
Council.

W. T. T. WILLIAMS.

W. T. T. Williams, Chief of Police of the City of London, was born
in Cornwall, England, March 13, 1843, and is a son of llichard and
Martha (Trounce) Williams, who were also natives of England, the
fornier being a Chief Officer of the Coast Guard Service. W. T. T.
Williams is the eldest of five children, and his early life was spent
in attending school. He subsequently spent throe years as a member
of the Life Guards, and from this became connected with the Hamp-
shire Constabulary Force, and held the position of District Sergeant,
and from here went to the A division of London, and became a
member of the Metropolitan Force, where he also held the position of
Sergeant. In 1872 he came to Canada, and settled in Toronto, where
he joined the Toronto Police Force, and also served as Constable one
and a-half years, being afterwards promoted to Sergeant. In 187(! he
received very high testimonials from Chief Justice Harrison for the
part he took in supjjressing the Catholic riots, and in 1877 was trans-
ferred to LondoTi as Chief of Police of that city. He has filled this
position very efticiently, and to the entire satisfaction of all, and it is
doubtful if there is a city in Canada under better police regulation, or
has a more skillfully managed force. Throughout his career as a
servant of the people he lias proved a brave and faithful officer, and he
has the satisfaction of knowing that his services are fully appreciated
by his fellow townsmen. la 1870 he was united in marriage to Miss

1(144

HISTOUY OF Tire

Chiirlotto, a dauf^hter of James I>amister, a ])romiiioiit Vc^terinary
Surj{0()ti of Enj^laiul, now retired. Mr. ami Mr.s. VVilliaiiis have a
family of five! children, whose names are as follows : llichard J.,
Itosa, Mabel, EcJuh, and Norman Trounce.

William Willis.

William Willis is a larj^e lumher dealer of London, Ontario. In
mentioniii},' the ])roniinent men of the City of London, this work
woidd be inconi])lete without a short history of Mr. Willis, whose
connection with the ailiiirs of the country dates back to 1820. His
father was a native of (.'ounty Armaj^h, Ireland, ajid he was there
married to Miss Elizalieth Lindsey, and engaged in farming. About
1820 he became a resident of Canada, and settled on the south half of
Lot 14, of the 14th Concession, and there resided until his death in
1851. Only two of his nine children are living — James and William.
The ktter was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in ISl'.i, and was
reared on a fiirni in Middlesex County. In 1849 he engaged in the
lumber business in London, which has received his attention up to the
jnesent time, and although he never had any aspirations for public
notoriety, yet Ik; is well known throughout the county for his many
admirable, as well as social qualities, and commands the njspect and
esteem of all who know him. Mr. Willis was married on the 15th of
November, 1848, to I\Iiss Sarah Kernohan, who was born in London
Township, Middlesex County, Ontario, and by her has a family of six
children — Elizabeth (wife of Eobert L. I'eddie), Arthur, Martha J.
(wife of Oliver Price), William D., Louisa, and John E. Mr. Willis
is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Koyal Arch Chapter, and gives
his support to all worthy movements.

ISAAC WILLSIE.

Isaac Willsie is a descendant of a German family that settled iu
Dutchess County, N, Y., prior to the llevolutionary War, and during
that conflict were Loyalists, and afterwards came to Canada. Thomcos
Willsie (the father of Isaac), and his father, William, came to Canada,
and here the former afterwards married Miss Hannah Manning, a
daughter of Jacob Manning, by whom he has eight children — Jacob,
Susanna, llebecca, Isaac, Mercy, Gabriel, John and William Thomas.
They settled in Odelltown, where the father died when about forty
years of age, his son Thomas being born on the day of his death. He
was an upright and honorable citizen, and was a worthy member of
the Metliodi.st Church. Isaac Willsie, son of the above, was born in
Odelltown in 1805, was reared to a farm life, and received no educa-
tional advantages in his youth, but throughout his long and useful

Doct
London,
184;}, bej
Hannah
^ife was
schools,
entered ti
ceived a

COUNTY OF MIDDLEiSKX.

1045

careor has proved himself to be a man of intolli<»oiice and sound judg-
ment. In 1S32 he was wedded to Ehzabeth, a daughter of Warren
and Nancy (Fleming) Johnson, and their union has been blessed in
the birth of eight children — Nancy A, Kaswell, llhoda, Matilda,
Hannah, Lorinda, Mary and Chailotte. Two years after their marriage
they left Odelltown, and after a long and tedious journey of one month
they settled on a farm on the Fiftli Concession of Westminster, on
which he resided for fifty years. In 1884 ho sold his farm and settled
in the Village of lielmont, where he now resides. His was one of
the pioneer families of Westmin.ster Township. Both Mr. and Mrs.
WilLsie were members of the Methodist Churcli, in which he has l)een
a class leader for many years. On .hdy 1, 1871, Mrs. Willsie died,
since which time the daughters Matilda and Hannah have kept house
for their father. Mr. Willsie has always been very industrious, and
by his \a\mT9 has accumulated a handsome property, which he can now
enjoy during his declining years.

William T. Willsie.

William T. Willsie is a son of Thomas Willsie (a short history of
whom is given in the sketch of Isaac Willsie), and was born March
14, 1815, on the same day his father died. He was reared to a farm
life but received but little early education, and in 1845 moved to
W^estminster Township. During the Canadian Rebellion of 1837 he
served as Sergeant, and particijiated in the two battles at Odelltown,
being the owner of a farm of fifty acres near that place. He cleared his
farm, to which he afterwards added twenty-five acres, which uocame in
time one of the best farms of its size in the county. April 24, 1841,
he married Annie, daughter of John and Sarah Force, by whom he
became the father of three children — George, Hannah and Elvira. Mr.
Willsie has always been noted for his strict integrity, and is honored
and esteemed by his friends and acquaintances for his many sterling
qualities, find for the interest he has always manifested in enterprises
which tend to benefit the county.

Doctor J. G. Wilson.

Doctor J. G. Wilson, proprietor of the Electropathic Institute of
London, Ont., was born in the County of Huntingdon, Canada, in
184-'{, being the youngest of a family of nine children born to Paul and
Hannah Wilson, who were natives of England. The Doctor's early
life was spent at home on the farm, and in attending the primary
schools, where he received excellent instruction. He subsequently
entered the Normal School of Toronto, from which institution he re-
ceived a certificate to teach, and this occupation received his attention

1046

HISTOUY OF TIIK

for six years. Ho tlion embarked in the luinlvvarc biisiiu'sa, wliich
occiipiitioii ho followed for four years, and as he had in tho nieantinio
become deejily interested in the use of electricity in tho treatment of
diseases, ho determined to jjrepare himself for tho jmictice of this s])('cial
mode of treatment, and accordinj^ly entered the Electropathic CoUeyo
of riiiladolphia, I'enn., from which institution he received a dii)l()ma at
the end of two terms. Ho also jjraduated from the Hy^'ieo-Thera]H'Utic
Collej^e of New Jersey and the Electropathic School of Ontario, and in
addition to his training in these colleges ho has devoted years to the
study of the dift'erent systems of medicine, closely observing tiieir
elfect in his private practice, as well as in hospitals, dispensaries and
other institutions. Ho has thus become eminently fitted for tho re-
sponsible position he is at present filling.

The Institute, of which he is the head, is situated at .'i20 Dundas
St., and embraces the following departments : — The electric surgery
and the electric baths, the Turkish bath department, embracing the
hot room, mas.sage and showering room, and having connected with it
the resting room, the gymnasium and a bedroom for the sick patients,
and, lastly, the Molieri- bath department, which is used for the special
treatment of chronic diseases, and is acknowledged by all who are
versed in medical lore to be a most ellective remedial agent. Tiie
Institute is a health resort, and its commodious grounds are liberally
patronized Ijy those who wish to try the healing art. Dr. Wilson anil
his colleagues are gentlemanly and obliging, and devote their time and
attention to their patients.

Nicholas Wilson.

Mr. Nicholas Wilson, of the Collegiate Institute. It is but stating
the general sentiments of the community in which Mr. Wilson has
resided for forty- six years, to say that no one man within the limits of
the County of Middlesex has done as much for the educational growth,
or as given as much of his time and personal attention to the upbuild-
ing and development of school facilities in London as he. He was
born in County Wicklow, Ireland, March 30, 1827, and is a son of
John Wilson, who was a native of the same county, and a clerk
of Sessions Court of that county. The mother, whose name was
Catherine Meath, was also a native of tho " Emerald Isle," her father
being a prominent miller. In 1842 the family immigrated to Canada,
and three years later, when Nicholas was under eighteen years of age,
he began teaching school, an occupation which has received his atten-
tion for forty-two years. His experience is without parallel in West-
em Ontario, and it is a noteworthy fact that the most of his time has
been spent in pedagoguing in the city where he was raised to maturity,
thus refuting the old proverb that " a prophet is not without honor,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1047

excepting in his own country." Not only lias \w c.stnhli.slKul himself
finnly in tho cstiniiitiou of sill tia u thoiouj,'h instructor, hut he has also
shown lii.s entire fitness for tlio responsihle duties which he is now
discharging, and has ever shown himself to be nti indefatigable and
tireless worker. On May 24, 1847, he was united in marriage t(j Mi.ss
Sarah O'Brien, a native of Wicklow, Ireland, who came with her jiar-
ents to Ontario in is:'.i!. Mr. and Mrs. VVilson are the parents of the
following children : — William, Edward (the latter in the post^oflice
department at Ottawa), Niciiolas (a jirominent business man of Ii<3n-
don), Thomas, Harry (a medical student), Kato (now Mrs. Winnett),
and Annie. Four children are deceased — Ellen, John, James and
Robert.

S. W. Wilson.

S. W. Wilson is a teacher of piano, organ, voice culture and har-
mony, London, Ontario. In the jirogressive age in which we live,
musical art has steadily kept ])ace with commercial advancement, and
the higher wo are in educational progress, the more we appreciate this
accomplishment. Hence it is fit and proper that music, fostered as it
has beeti since the early ages, should, in a comprehensive work of this
kind, be represented. To attain a high standard in this art requires
intelligence, study and practice, as well as a large outlay of tifne and
money, before one is thoroughly prepared for the position of instructor
of music, and all these requirements are combined in an unusual
degree in Mr. Wilson. He was born in Quebec, August 6, 1858, and
is the son of Richard Wilson, a Methodist minister, a native of York-
shire, England, and who immigrated to Canada in about 1830. The
maiden name of the mother was Fidelia Jones. She was born in St.
Albans, Vermont.,

S. W. Wilson, subject of this sketch, in early life manifested a
great interest in music, and since fourteen years of age sang in
church choirs. After making a choice of the profession as a calling, he
availed himself of the best instructors and attended the New England
Conservatory of Music in Boston, and after finishing his course he
returned to Canada and settled in Toronto, where he filled two posi-
tions as organist in churches there. In 1887 he was called as organi.?t
to St. Andrew's Church in London, and now holds that position. He also
gives instruction on the piano, organ and in voice culture and har-
mony. As an instructor, Mr. W^ilson has attained a high and well-
merited position. As an organist he is always refined and artistic, hia
work being characterized by intelligence and musicianship. He has
recently received an appointment in Hellmuth College as teacher of
the organ, etc. In 1884 he married Mary E. Hambly, daughter of G.
C. Hambly, of Toronto.

1048

HISTORY OF THE

Dr. John D. Wilson.

The short sketch which here appears is that of one of the reliable
and deservedly successful physicians of London, and of one whose
experience has ])roven him to be well qualified for the profession
which he has chosen as his calling through life. He was born in
Morpeth, in the County of Kent, Ontario, on the 5th of .Time, 185(S,
being a son of William Wilson, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and
came to Canada about the year 1838, his wife, whose maiden name
was Matilda Delmage, being also a native of Dublin. The boyhood
days of Dr. John D. Wilson were spent in his native county, and he
then changed his place of residence to London, where he attended the
public schools previous to commencing his medical studies. Having
formed a taste for medicine, he entered Trinity College, Toronto, and
ap])lied himself diligently and energetically to his studies until his
graduation, which occurred in 1882. He soon after entered upon the
practice of his profession in London, and subsequently became asso-
ciated with Dr. Fraser, with whom he remained connected until 1888,
when he went to California, where he remained one year, and returned
in the spring of 1889, and has once more resumed the jn'actice of
medicine in London. Gifted by nature with a love for his calling, his
labors in its practice have given him well deserved prominence among
his medical brethren, for he has not rested contented with the learning
acquired in jjreparatory study, ^:>ut has continually availed himself of
the best opportunities for reaching a higher plane of learning in this
direction, being a close student. He avails himself of all the latest
and best works relating to his profession, and keeps thoroughly apace
with the progress of this science. He was married in 1887 to Miss
Flora, a daughter of M. C. Cameron, Esq., of Goderich, Ontario.

J. M. Wilson.

J. M. Wilson, Clerk of the Market, was born in C.)unty Wicklow
Ireland, January 19, 1840, and is the son of John Wilson, who was also
a native of the same county in Ireland, and was clerk of one of the
courts in the Old Country. The mother, whose maiden name was
Miss Catherine Meath, was also born in County Wicklow, Irelaml. and
her father was a prominent miller of that county. Of the thirteen
children born to Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, J. M. is the tenth, and five are
now living. The last-named came with his parents to this country in
1842, and was reared in the cabinet business ; but later entered the
employ of the Great Western li. li., where he remained for twenty
years. In 1864 he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Allen, a
native of Delaware Township, this county, and the daughter of Heiny
Allen, who was a successful farmer of that township, and an old settler
of the same. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are the parents of six living

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1049

children, Fannie, John, Ettie, Frederick, Josie and Kate. They lost
one child, a daughter named Caroline. In 18<S2, Mr. Wilson was
appointed Clerk of the Market, and has remained in that capacity
under different administrations ever since. He has served for fourteen
years as a member of the Board of Education, and has served as chair-
man of the same. He is one of the county's prominent and enter-
prising men.

Dr. J. H. Wilson.

Dr. J. H. Wilson, veterinary surgeon, of London, has been a resi-
dent of Middlesex County for many years, his residence dating back
to a period which only a few can remember, and when London was in
its infancy and its inhabitants very few. His father, William Wilson,
was born in Fifeshi'e, Scotland, and came to Canada in LSlS in com-
pany with several families who settled in this county. At tliat period
they were obliged to go nearly to Byron in order to cross the river, and
then the water was so high that husbands were obliged to cjirry their
wives on their shoulders in crossing. Mr. Wilson was obliged to
return to Dundas on foot to procure an iron wedge for splitting rails,
the nearest blacksmith being at that point. His wife was a Mi.ss
Margaret Beattie, of Roxburgshire, Scotland, by whom he became the
father of five sons and two daughters. Dr. Wilson is their third son
and child, and was reared on his father's farm in .Middlesex County.
He followed the occupation of agriculture iox many years, and then
adopted his present profession, for which he had a natural aptitude,
and entered the Veterinary College of Toronto, where his career was of
vast credit to himself and an honor to his instructors. Since 18G8 his
attention has been wholly given to his profession, and he had earned
the reputation of being a skillful and able practitioner and one in
whom implicit reliance can be i)laced. He has been President of the
Ontario Veterinary Medical Association, and is now enjoying a satis-
factory practice, which years of close ap])lication and industry have
awarded him. His acquaintance throughout the county is almost
unlimited, and those who know him best enjoy the friendship of a
worthy man. He is a Past Master in the Masonic Order, and is also
a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He was married
in 1859 to Miss Margaret O'Brien, who was born in Middlesex County,
and is a daughter of William O'Brien, who came from Ireland to this
country. They have four cliildren — William J., John H., Maria and
Maggie. The doctor has been ii member of the City Council, and has
served two terms as one of the School Board.

John Wilson.

John Wilson was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1806, and there
rece'ved a good education, and was reared on his father's tarm. After

1050

HISTORY OF THE

reaching manliood he was mamed to Miss Amelia, a da'ii,'hter of John
and Isabella Hailey, and three children blessed their union — Isabella,
Jeanette and Margaret. Mr. Wilson had inherited a small farm from
his father, on which he lived until 1844, when he sold out and inmii-
grated to Canada, purchasing his present farm of 100 acres, and has
become one of the prominent men of the county. He was one of the
founders of the Westminster Fire Insurance Company, one of the most
reliable institutions of the kind in the county, and he became its first
president, which position he held for many years. He has always
taken an active interest in the cause of temperance, being president of
the first society founded in Westminster Township, and for forty-eight
years has been a total abstainer. He also gives his assistance to all
educational enterprises, and on first coming to the county was engaged
in teaching school, but gave up this work to engage in agriculture,
since which time he has frequently filled the office of school trustee.
He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church, a teacher in the Sunday
school, and has been president of the East Middlesex Bible Society.
He is now 82 years of age, but retains his mental, as well as his physi-
cal faculties, to a remarkable degree. His daughter, Margaret, married
William Laidlow, and resides near the old home, being tlie mother of
four sons — Walter, John, Albert and Robert. His daughter, Isabella,
is single, and making her home with him. His parents, Andrew and
Jeanette (Hatton) Wilson, were natives of Perthshire, Scotland, and
were members of the Presbyterian Church. Their children are —
Ellen, Jeanette, Margaret and John. The father died in Scotland, at
the age of sixty-two years.

George Wilson.

George Wilson, Clerk of the Fifth Division Courts of Middlesex,
was born in Toronto, Canada, November 22, l<So9, and is the son of
Andrew and Isabel (Bain) Wilson, both natives of Scotland. After
coming to Canada they were married in Toronto, January, IS.Sll, and
in 1847 they removed to London, and in Jnne of the same year they
removed to Wardsville, and from thence to Glencoe in 1875. Andrew
Wilson was appointed I )cputy Clerk of the Courts, and afterwards be-
came Clerk of the Fifth Division. He also held the office of Township
Clerk of Mosa Township for nearly thirty-four years, and has also lield
other positions of trust. He now resides in Glencoe, and is in the
seventy-ninth year of his age.

George Wilson remained with his parents until grown, and learned
the cabitiet-raaker's trade of his father. He received a thorough educa-
tion, and after removing with his parents to Wardsville, he became a
teacher in the public schools of that place, holding the position for
three and a-half years. In 1867 he was ajipointed first Clerk and then
Treasurer of the Village of Wardsville, and aft^r removing to Glencoe,

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1051

in 1877, he soon after received the appointment of Deputy Clerk of
the Courts, his father being then Clerk. November 14tli of the last-
mentioned year, Mr, Wilson wedded Miss Elizabeth, daughter of the late
John Young, of Wardsville. In LSiSO, at the resignation of his father,
he received the appointment of Clerk, and still holds that position. In
18(S3 he established a furniture business in Glencoe, which he still
conducts. Mr. Wilson is Liberal in politics, and he and wife are
members of the Presbyterian Church. In 1886 he was appointed
Jastice of the Peace of Middlesex.

W. H. WiNNETT.

W. H. Winnett, lumber dealer, was born in the County of Middle-
sex, December 11, 1848, son of John Winnett, who was born in Ire-
land, and who immigrated to Canada in 1847, settling in this county.
The maiden name of the mother was Susanna Gordon, also of Irish
birth. Their family consisted of twelve children, W. H. Winnett
being the tenth child. His father was a lumber dealer, and W. II.,
after leaving school, commenced his business experience under the
training of his father. In 1870 he was admitted as a partner, and the
relation continued until 1874, when W. H. succeeded to the business.
The father died in 1881, but the mother is still living. In January
1888, Mr. Winnett was elected as an alderman to represent the Third
Ward in the City Council, and filled the position in an able and efficient
manner. He was married in 1875 to Miss ^lary P. Bradley, a most
estimable lady, who was born in the County of Wentworth, Canada.
She died in 1882, leaving one son, Albert W. In his religious pre-
ferences, Mr. AVinnett is a member of the Methodist Church, and a
liberal contributor to the same. He is one of the honest, upright
citizens of the county, and his word is as good as his bond.

R. Shaw Wood.

R. Shaw Wood of Woodholme, Township of London, County of
Middlesex, Ontario, was born in P>ermuda, and married Isabella, only
child of the Rev. Robert Shaw, of Barnet, Vermont, sometime
rector of the Episcopal Church at Cold Spring, on Hudson. They
have four children. He is the representative of the Bermuda Woods,
descended from Captain Thomas Wood, H. M. C, of Codshall,
Somerset, England, a member of the Company of " Adventurers," who
early in 1600 made numerous voyages in his ship " Hope Well " to
the "Plantations," and afterwards in 1630 settled in Bermuda at Bosco
Manor. The family, true to their designation of " Adventurers," in
each generation engaging in war or commerce, as best suited the
occasion ; at one time ravaging the Spanish Main ; or their vessels in

1052

inSTOliY OF THE

coiTimissioii afjaiiist the in'ivateers of tl>e United States, France and
Spain ; at another exchanj^ing the products of this part of the world for
the wines of Spain and Portugal from their establishments in Quebec,
Newfoundland and several of the West India Islands. In 1861, Mr,
Wood, having large interests in the United States which sufl'ered from
the Civil War then raging, came to Canada to watch events, and has
remained.

Benjamin Wood.

Benjamin Wood was born on Concession !•, Lot 7, February 25,
1824, being a son of Daniel and Louisa (Sanburii) Wood. The father
was born in Long Point, near Niagara, his family originally being
residents of England. The grandfather was born in England, atid
immigi'ated to the United States over one hundred years ago, where
he spent the remainder of his days. He had a brother who was a sea
captain, and sailed between Boston and the West India Islands.
While on his way back to Boston on one of his voyages, the vessel
was boarded by pirates, who murdered the ca|)tain, first mate, and
some of the crew. The second mate escaped, and succeeded in cap-
tiu'ing the pirates in the hatchway, and took them to Boston, where
they were tried, sentenced to be hanged, and executed. The ca{)tain
was supposed to be worth about i^l, 500,000, and his money was
deposited in the banks of Boston. His heirs have tried several times
to secure this money, but hiive always failed, as it is supposed that the
jury was bribed. iJaniel Wood came to Middlesex County in 1818,
and helped to erect the first log cabin in London. He was a cooper
by trade, and was offered his choice of lots in London if he would
build a cooper shop. This he did, and worked at his tmde for a num-
ber of years ; then bought some property known as the " Old Tom
Wisby Farm," oil which he lived for a number of years; then pur-
chased a farm on Concession 10, Lot 8, and lived there until his death
in 1847. His widow, who is hale and hearty, is eighty-four years old,
and resides in ]Michigan. She became the mother of thirteen children,
ten of whom are living — Benjamin, Mary (wife of Nelson Kiraballj,
John, Daniel, Warren, George, Laura (wife of William Burgess),
Pho'be (wife of Archibald Carmichael), Sarah (wife of Jonn McKenzie),
and Elacum.

The father was drafted in the "Rebellion of 1837, but sold a valuable
horse for S40, and paid a substitute S30 to take his place. Benjamin
Wood was raised on a farm and learned the cooper's trade under his
father, and in 1 846 purchased the place where he now lives, which
was then heavily covered with timber, and by industry and good
management has succeeded in making his farm one of the most
valuable in the county. For twenty years after locating on this farm
he worked at his trade in connection with farming, and a few years

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COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1053

ago built a cheese factory on his farm, which he managed alone for a
number of years. He then sold out to a stock company, of which he
has been President since its organiztition. He is one of the prominent
men of London Township, and has taken a deep interest in all enter-
prises tending to benefit the community in which he resides. In 184(J
he was married to Catherine, a daughter of William and Esther
(Williams) Burgess. Their union has resulted in the birth of ten
children, seven of whom are living — Essie (wife of William Johnson),
Louisa (wife of William Weir), William, Melissa, Emily and Delphenia.
Mr. and Mrs Wood are members of the Baptist Church.

Thomas Woodburne.

Thomas Woodburne, Principal of the Princess Avenue school, Lon-
don City, was born in County AVicklow, Ireland, September 1, 1839,
son of William and Mai'garet (Gilbert) Woodburne, both natives of
same place as subjcict. Thomas Woodburne was reared at his birth-
place until eighteen years of age, and then immigrated with his jmrents
to Canada, settled in the County of Aliddlesex, where the father fol-
lowed farming. Thomas assisted his father on the farm, and received
limited educational advantages, but being a great reader, he spent fill
his leisure hours in the perusal of books, and thus j)repared himself
for the occupation of teaching. After attending school for thirteen
months he passed examination, and received a certificate to teach
school, which he commenced in 1870. He subsequently passed an
examination, and received a Provincial certificate (December, 1873),.
entitling him to teach in any public school in the province. In 1880,
Mr. Woodburne was chosen to his present position, which he has now
filled for nine years with ability, and to the satisfaction of all concerned.
He was married, October, 1868, to Miss Annie E. Cathro, who was
born in the County of Middlesex, and who became the mother of four
children — Leila, Clarence, Arthur and Stewart. Mr. and Mrs. Wood-
burne are membei's of the Baptist Church. Not only has Mr Wood-
burne established himself firmly in the estimation of all as a thorough
instructor, but to a large degree has manifested his utmost fitness for
the responsible duty he is now discharging. It is a noticeable fact that
into his eftbrts he has thrown his whole soul, and as a result he has
succeeded wonderfully in elevating the standard of education in the
school and vicinity. He is at this time President of the Teachers'
Association, and is one of the prominent educators of the county.

Samuel Woods, M.A.

Samuel Woods, M. A., Principal of the Collegiate Institute, Lon-
don, Ontario, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 14th
day of October, 1841, being the youngest son of William and Martha.

1054

HJSTOKY OK THK

(Henderson) Woods, who were old Covenanter stock, and were amonf;
the Protestant immigrants from Scotland who settled Ulster. Samuel
Woods was edncated at tiie London (Untario) Grammar Scliool and at
University College, Toronto, where a gold medal in Classics was
awarded him in 1862. Among his classmates were — Prof, J. London,
the late Principal Buclian, Dr. -lames A. McLellan, Kev. Dr. Gibson,
of London, England, and James Fisher, Esq., of Wiiniipeg. Excellent
school and college editions of jMirtions of Demosthenes, Virgil, Horace,
and Cii'sar have been published by him, and have been standard classics
in our institutions of learning for some time. ^Ir. Woods was a mem-
ber of the University Kifle Company, first formed during the Trent
excitement, and he subse(;[uently took a certificate at the King,ston
Military School. From l<S(Jli to 1877 he was Rector of the Kingston
Collegiate Institute, and won for this institution a provincial reputation
in the Department of Classics. After this he was engaged in business
for a few years, and then, without solicitation, was unauimou.sly
apjiointed Principal of the Lake Forest Academy of Illinois, which
position he held a number of yeai's, resigning in June, 1883. He was
then, at the earnest solicitation of the Board of Managers of the Ottawa
Ladies' College, induced to accept the Principalship, and in this excel-
lent institution he carried out those ideas of education which he had so
long held and advocated, and which obtained for the college an envi-
able reputation.

Mr, Woods was the originator, and for many years a Director, of
the Ontario Building and Saving Society, of Kingston, and was one of
the original Directors of the Kingston Street Eailway Company, and
re-organized the present very successful Kingston Mechanics' Institute,
of which he was President. Of this institution he is now one of the
three life members, the others being the Bight Honorable Sir John A.
!Macdonald, K.C.B., and John Carruthers. He was also the originator,
and for four years the President, of the Irish Protestant Benevolent
Society of Kingston, and has been a member of the Senate of the Uni-
versity of Toronto since 1876, In the ]\Iasonic Order he is P.D.D.G.M.,
having held that position in 1876 in the St. Lawrence District, and is a
charter member of Minden Lodge, Ivingston, and was a member of the
ancient St. John's, but is now demitted. In religious views, Mr. Wood
is a Presbyterian, and in his political views has always been a Liberal-
Conservative, but seldom takes an active part in any contest. He is a
man of strong, original mind, firm convictions, and untiring energy,
and since 1887 has been filling his present ])osition, and has proved to
be the right man in the right ])lace. In March, 18Go, he married
Elizabeth, the third daughter of William Ford, of Kingston ; she died
in October, 1884.

Dr. Solon Woolverton, L.D.S.

Dr. S. Woolverton, L.D.S., 210 Dundas street, is justly regarded as
one of the leading dentists of this portion of Ontario, and as he is close

■Tie then i

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1055

student of that science and has a natural aptitude for his profession,
lie has risen to prominence in that calling. His great grandfather,
Jonathan Woolverton, was born in New Jersey, and came to Canada
about 1798 and settled in what is now Lincoln County, and although
a Iteformer and surrounded by a large number of U. E. Loyalists, pur-
chased land of the Crown and engaged in tilling the soil. His only
son, Dennis Woolverton, came to Canada with his father when a child,
and followed the occupation of farming until his death. He was a
man of recognized worth wherever he was known, and, like his father
Ijefore him, was a Refonner. He was elected as a member of the old
Niagara district, and satin the bodies of 1835 and '36 He was a man
of keen discernment, and fully understood the temperaments of the
leaders of that time. He was twice mairied — first to Miss Mary
Nixon, and the fruits of their marriage were six children — three sons
and three daughters — and after her death married Mary Richardson,
whose maiden name was Nelles. She was the mother of the world-
renowned elocutionist, William Locke Richardson. Mr. Woolverton
died at the advanced age of eighty-five years.

His eldest son, the late l3r. Jonathan Woolverton, was born at
Grimsby, Ontario, in 1811, and was educated in Dundas and Toronto,
under the guidance of Dr. John Rolph, Professor in Rolph's College,
also known as Victoria University. He afterwards entered the
University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, taking a thorough medi-
cal course, and was graduated from that institution, and immediately
entered upon the active practice of his profession at his birthplace,
continuing thus engaged until his death in 1883. He was married to
Miss Emeline Bergman, of Philadelphia, Pa., and at the time of his
death left five sons, whose names are as follows : — Theron (who is a
giaduate of Harvard College, and is at the present time a surgeon in
the United States navy, and has charge of the Navy Yard at Wash-
ington, D. C. ; he has passed examination for promotion to the position
of Surgeon of Admiralship) ; Edgar Judson (who resides on the old
homestead) ; Algernon (a physician residing at Hamilton) ; Solon ; and
Delos. The latter is in the agency office Canadian Bank of Com-
merce, New York, U. S. The mother died in 1873.

Solon Woolverton, the fourth son, was born at Grimsby, Ontario,
March 31, 1845, and there received his primary education, supple-
mented by an attendance of one term at the Baptist College at Wood-
stock, and afterwards at the Toronto Normal School. He then spent
some time in teaching school, and at the same time was preparing him-
self for the practice of medicine, and afterwards attended lectures at
Rolph's College and the University of Pennsylvania, tlie latter the
Alma Mater of his father. After completing his second course he
formed a pr ''crence for Dentistry, and decided to turn his attention to
tliis science He thereupon entered the Royal College of Dental
Surgery of Loronto, from which institution he was graduated in 1871.
He then practiced his profession at Grimsby for ten years, and in 1881

lOoG

HISTOIiY OF THE

cli.inf,'ed lii.s place of residence to Loiulon, when? lie lias secured a laiu'O
practice, and enjoys the conridence and respect of all who know him.
The Doctor is a naturalist of more than ordinary ahility, and takes
sjjecial interest in <j;eoloc;y, and has one of the best ])rivate collections
ill Ontario, embracing minerals, Indian relics, old coins, shells, reptiles,
and a small collection of birds and animals. He is a member of the
I. O. 0. ¥. ; ( 'anadian Order of Foresters ; The Koyal Arcanum and
the (Irand Army Fraternity. In 1873 he was married to Miss Kliza-
Ijeth AV^alker, who was born in Orimsby, by whom he has a family of
three daughters and one son. The diary of (,'olonel Wilcox (who was
killed at Lundy's Lane), from 179!> to the time of his death, is in the
possession of the Woolverton family.

William H. Wortman.

William H. Wortman, of the firm of Wortman & Ward Manufac-
turing Coni]iany, is a native of Mercer County, Penn., born February
S, lfS42. His parents, AVilliam and Mary (]Melick) Wortman, were
both natives of Pennsylvania, and the father was a farmer by occu-
pation. William II. Wortman, subject of this sketch, was reared on a
l.irm, and after the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted in the de-
fence of his country in the 74th Illinois Infantry, and served nearly
three years. He i)articipated in the battle of Perryville, Stone
lliver, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Peachtree Creek, and was all
through the Atlanta canii)aign. When peace was declared ]Mr. A\'ort-
raan returned to his home, and afterwards settled in Jasper County,
Mo., where he lived for six years engaged in agricultural ])ursuits. In
187".* he came to London, engaged in manufacturing, and in 1883 his
brother-in-law, Mr. W^ard, became associated with him, and remained
until 1886, when the present firm was formed. They manufacture
Church's hay forks, house and well ])umps, wind-mills, disk harrows,
feed grinders and revolving barrel churns. The deveiopmeut of this
business has b^en all that coukl be anticipated, and it is due entirely to
([uality and merits of goods manufactured, and the energy, push and
enterprisii of the firm to perform all they promise. Their trade may
be said t^ extend from ocean to oceaii, from Halifax to British
Columbia. The departments are under the supervision ot skilled and
competent heads. ^Ir. Wortman has been twice married — first in
1868 to Miss ?.Iartha ]Morse, a native of New England. She died in
1874, leaving one child. ^Ir. Wortman selected for his second wife
Miss Annie Percival, of London.

Richard Wright.

Richard V'right, a prominent and honored citizen of Middlesex
County, Ontario, was born in County Tii)perary, Ireland, as were his

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1057

ancestors for soveral centuries. He was reared in his native county
and received fair educational .'idvanta<,'e3 in his youth, and in early life
became coiniectod with the I'ostal Service, with which he was associ-
ated until his removal to Canada. He settled in Middlesex Countj',
and here has since made his home. He was engaged in teaching school
for several years, and later embarked in the Insurance business, and
while pursuing this avocation his accjuaintance was extended over a
large area. He had unrestricted control of comjnnies in the Province
and did a successful business until LSSO, when he became coimected
with the I'ost Oflice l)ei)artment, and still retains this connection.
I'olitically he is a Conservative, and has rendered his party efllcient
service, and is on terms of intimacy with leaders of the party. The
Government has no more loyal citizen than he. He is a member of
the Masonic Order and served as Secretary of his Lodge, and on relin-
ciui.shing this position was the recipient of a gold pen and an address
by the Lodge for the faithful manner in which he had performed the
duties of this position. As a member of the Orange Association he
has been an active worker, and held the office of Secretary of both
County and District organizations. It was largely through his eflbrts
that the great gathering of Orangemen on the 12th of July, 1878,
occuiTed, which was the largest gathering of any kind ever held in
London. All the correspondence with other bodies, as well as arrange-
ments for transportations, were conducted by him, and as an expression
of the appreciation of his services on this occasion he was presented
with a gold medal and an illuminated address, richly framed.

He was married to Miss Kachel Blackraore, a niece of Colonel
Blackmore, of Her Majesty's Sth Regiment, and also a niece of Captain
Blackmore, of Her Majesty's ")th Dragoon Guards. Another uncle,
Commodore Blackmore, was with Nelson in the naval service, and
participated in many of the battles in which Nelson was engaged.
^Ir. and Mrs. Wright have one son, who is holding an important
position on the railway mail service, and who accepted his appoint-
ment from the hands of Sir John A. ^Macdonald, as a tribute of respect
to his father, the subject of this memoir. Mr. Wright's brother, the
late Thomas D. Wriglit, was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, at
tlie age of eighteen years, and received a gold medal for classical exam-
ination, and first honors in Science. He studied law, and became a
partner of Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York, and was married
to Aliss Helen, a daughter of Hon. John A. Collier, of Binghami)ton,
New York. He died in 18G4, leaving, besides his wife, three children.

Since the above was written, Mrs. Wright died. May 15, lScS9.
She was a most estimable lady, holding a very high and dear place
in tlie hearts of a large circle of acquaintances by her womanly graces,
and particulady in the hearts of her relatives, who feel most keenly
their great loss. Her funeral was largely attended. The following
gentlemen acted as pall bearers : — 11. W. Barker, Esq., Post-otlice In-
spector ; Colonel Fisher, Deputy Post-oflice Inspector ; li. Mawhiuney,

IO-jS

HI8T0UY OF THE

Es(|., Chief Railway Mail Clerk ; K. J. C. Dawson, Esq., Postmaster ;
J. J). Shanuaii, Esq., iJejmty Postmaster; John Hunter, Escj. and
R. F. Matthews, Esc]., of the Post-oflice Dejiartment. The fiiiierui
services were conducted by the Uev. ^rr. Hill, of St. John's Ent»lish
Church, a warm friend of the family. The deceased lady was the
fourth daughter of the late Maunsal Hlackmore, Esq.. of Gray Park,
County of Kilkeuny, Ireland.

James Wright.

The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of
James Wright, a man of recognized worth wherever known, whose
present substantial position in life has reached entirely through his own
perseverance, and the facts connected with his operations and their
results, truly show what a person of determination and courage can
accomplish. Mr. Wright is a native of Scotland, born in 1832. His
parents, John and Janet (Lawrie) Wright, were both natives of Scot-
land, and the father died when James Wright was but three years of
age, by over exertion in saving the life of a companion from drowning.
James was reared in his native country, and received a liberal educa-
tion in the Normal School, of Glasgow, receiving from that institution
a certificate entitling him to teach school. He engaged in this calling,
and continued thus employed for several years. In 1858 he immigrated
to Canada, purchased 200 acres of land, which is now considered among
the finest farming lands in the country, and engaged in agricultural
pursuits. This calling, however, was not congenial to his temi)erament,
and having used his means in purchasing the land, he resumed his
calling as teacher. He taught for three months in the public school,
and the succeeding five or six years taught in a Grammar School in the
the city of London.

In 18G4, Mr. Wright engaged in the hardware business in the same
location he now occupies, and for twenty five years he has been
numbered among the leading business men of London. No firm has
attained a more enviable reputation for honorable dealing, and the
stock caiTied embraces a complete line of everything necessary for a
first-class store. They have the largest stock of iron and heavy hard-
Avare, as well as all wood-work connected with carriage manufacturing,
in London, This business, which was at first established on a small
scale, has been steadily increasing as necessities demanded and
means justified, and illustrates the possibility in the country of men of
character and determination, ability and industry, to succeed. A most
striking example is afforded in the life and career of Mr. Wright as a
pTiblic-spirited citizen, and as a business man his position is known to
all. From his first settlement here he has tiiken an active part in
everything tending to the substantial growth of the city ; and, while
firm in his convictions and of decided opinions, his career has been

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX.

1059

such as to meet tlie a])iiroval of all good-tliiukiu^' iikmi. By his
honesty ami fair dealiiii,', ho lias built up a busiiu'ss which in niaj^ni-
tudo atul roturns is unofjualled in this lino in the city. In oducational
matters Mr. Wri<,'ht ha.s always taken a deep interest, and for twenty
years served as a meml)er of the School Hoard. lie was married to
Miss Margaret, daughter of Joseph Hayes, an early settler of tho
county.

John Wright.

John Wright, butcher and meat dealer, of London, Ont., is a native
of Dev(jnshire, England, born l.S4(l. His father, John Wright, and
his mother, whoso maiden name was Mary Norton, wero both natives
of D(!V()n.shire, and the father was a boot and shoemaker by occupa-
tion. John Wright, jr., was the .second in a family of nine children
born to his i)arent8, and remained in his native country until sixteen
years of age. Ho early commenced working at tho butchery business,
and in lS5(i came to London, Ont., where he followed this business,
working for other ,,artie9 for a few years, and then, in 1861, he com-
menced business for himself. He is one of the oldest meat dealers in
London, having been in business for twenty-eight years, aiid his
extensive ]iatronage Ims given him a well-deserved reputation for the
thorough reliable quality of his meats kept in stock. In his line of
business he is thoroughly experienced, being a good judge of stock,
and does all that can be done to accommodate and meet the wants of
his many patrons. The great care with which he attends to all orders,
and the promptness Avith which his patrons are served, accounts to a
great extent for the length of time he has served them. Mr. Wright
came here without means, and what ho has accumulated is the result
of his own indu.stry, economy, and fair dealing. Mr. Wright has been
twice married, first in 1875 to IMiss Mary Ann Hutton, a native of
Canada, who died in 1881, leaving five children — Willicim J., Emma,
Walter and Edward ; one, Mary J., died in 1888, Mr. Wright chose
for his second wife Miss Emma Hillson, to whom he was married in
1885. She was a native of Devonshire, England. Mr. Wright is a
member of the following Orders : — Masonic, Oddfellow, and the An-
cient Order of United Workmen.

William V/yatt.

The life of this gentleman is a striking illustration of what a young
man can do without means or influence but with a determination to
succeed in whatever business he may undertake, and he now occupies
an enviable position among the business men of London. He was
born in Hull, Province of Quebec, December 26, 1839, and is a sou of

1060

HISTOUY OK THK

(it'oigo 1111(1 ^rary fStokcs) Wyntt who were horn in Kii^'laiul and
Iicliiiid, ios])cctively. Tho foruKn- was a shoomakcM* liy trade, and in
is;)ii cunin to Canada, wlioro ho spont tho romaindor of his days. IIo
was tho fathor of fivo cliihh'on, WilHain hoin;^ tho s(!Coiid son and child.
Tho hittor canui with his paronts to London in ISH.andwas here
roaiiMl and ochicatod, snhsoquontly sorving an approiilico.ship at his
jii'osont husiiu'ss. In hSiiS ho h(!<,'an tho hattlo of lifo on ids own
account, ami his onterprisos havo boon attended with sub.stantial lo-
sults, his rojiutation as an honorable and succtissfiil bii iness man boin;,'
of tho very host. In 18S1 ho was soloctod as a suitable ]ioi'.son to
rojn'osont tho old Sovonth Ward in tho City (Vnincil, l)oin^' aftcrwanls
elected to rejircsent tho First Ward. He is now fiUinfj tho duties of
tho ollice, and his influonco has over been wielded on tlie side of rij,'ht
and in tho interests of the City of London. Ho liiis l)ecii twice
maiTied, first to Miss Tibbs, of England, who died in 18(io, leaviiii,'
three children — William Frederick, Georj,'(! Henry and Mary It. ; and
the second time to Mi.ss E. Scarrow, by whom ho has two children —
William and lieatrice. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
both of f' ) IJlue Lodge and (Chapter, and is a Past Grand in the
I. 0.0...

William Yates.

William Yates is a member of tho firm of Yates & Gibson, proprie-
tors of the London Machine Tool Company. He was born in Liver-
jjool, England, in 1847, of Irish ])ai'entage, his fatl'ior and mother,
William and Jane (Magee) Yates, both being born in the " Emerald
Isle." The father was a carpenter and builder by occupation, and in
1854 immigrated to Canada and settled in London, where he continued
to make his home until his death in 187"), leaving, besides his widow,
who still survives him, eight children, five of whom are now residing
in London. William Yates, our subject, received his education in the
schools of London, and after attaining a suitable age, having a natural
taste for mechanics, began working at the machinist's trade with I).
Bruce, and served a thorough a|)prenticeship at the calling. Few men
ever selected a calling for whicli they were more naturally adapted, or
one in which they took deeper interest, for it may be said of Mr. Yates
that he is a natural inventor. In 1877 he began business for him.self
in the " Forest City," by building engines ; but in 1882 he and Mr.
Gibson established the London Alachine Tool Company, and are now
engaged in manufacturing all descriptions of iron working tools for
machinists, boiler-makers and blacksmiths, after the most apjiroved
designs. In addition to their iron working tools, thoy manufacture a
full line of tools for brass workers, and the reputation they have
secured throughout the Dominion for the superiority of their manu-
factures is highly complimentary to their skill as workmen, and their

^"g'lged

COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX.

IOC]

Work cnmiuivi's most fiivombly with that of iiny of th(i loa(hiii,' Aini'ri-
oftii houses. Thoy hiivo boon nwanliMl iiiodals and diidomas wIutcvit
tlii'V liavo (!.Nhil)itL'»l, and thoir cstahhshmuiit lias coiitrilmtcd lan^'dy to
tli(> n!|nitatioii Loiidnii enjoys as a nuuuifacturin;,' ocutrt! and ths-
tiihutini,' ]ioint. They have two buihUngs located on York street, one
40 X 120 feet, and tlie other .'i(i.\ 120 feet, in which some fifty hands
are L;iven employment. ISIr. Vates is recognized as one of tlie leading
citizens of London, and has always taken a deep interest in ed>i(;a-
tional matters, and in l.S.S'.t was elected to represent his ward in the
School Hoard. He is one of the Directors of the East Middlesex
Agricultural Society, and was a delegate to the Western Fair Hoard.
He is a Trustee of the Wellington Street Methodist Church, a Steward
of the .same, and is Sujierintendent of the Sabbath School. In 1876
he was manietl to Miss Ainiie Martindalo, a native of I'ittslnu'g, by
whom he lias a family of .six children.

Nicholas F. Yeo.

Nicholas F. Yeo, dealer in crockery, glassware, lam])goods, etc.,
London. This house was established about ten years ago, and the
]iremises comprise a three-story building, which is fully stocketl with
a choice variety of china, silver-ware, cutlery, crockery, fancy goods,
chandeliers and lamp-goods, stone and earthenware, all of good material
and many of chaste design and execution. This house imjjorts direct
from nuinufacturers in England, France, Germany, the United States
and other foreign countriijs, while the stock embraces every article
known to the trade, and the sale of this indispen.sable article of mer-
chandise constitutes no unimportant element of the mercantile interests
of the " Forest City." Mr. Y'eo also keeps a full set of goods to su])ply
socials, parties, etc., while a s])ecialty is nuule of coal oil and good teas,
coflbcs, cocoa, etc., (and a present given with every pound) at legiti-
mate prices.

Mr Y''eo is a native of Devonshire, England, born June l!S, LS-tO.
His father, John \''eo, and his mother, whose maiden name was Eliza-
beth Heed, were V)oth natives of the same place. In 1847, when the
suliject of this sketch was seven years of age, the family immigrated to
Canada, and settled on a farm in the Township of Dorchester, (,'ounty
of Midillesex. Being in limited circumstances, the jiarents went to
work with a will to provide a home for their i'arail\". Hani worlc and
ex])osure incident to settlers in a new country, as this was at that time,
led to the death of the father in 184:8, and a few weeks later his wife
also died, a victim to the .same. They left a family of seven children.
The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm in the County of
Oxford, and followed agricultural pursuits until 186G, when he came
to London, and commenced working at the cooper's trade. In 1876 he
engaged in his present business, at first on a small scale, but has added

10C2

HISTOUY OF THE

to his stock from time to time as his business increased, until it has
advanced to its present projKtrtions. The trait of cliaracter tiiat aided
him so materially in his earlier struggles has served him well in liis
eiiurts to establish for himself an independent and successful business.
He has within a comparatively short time built up a trade which older
houses might well envy. In addition to his crockery, Mr. Yeo carries
a large amount of choice teas, coH'ees, cocoa, chocolate, etc., which, like
his other stock that he imports, he buys for cash and sells only for cash.
No man "njoys a better reputation for honor and honesty than Mr. Yeo.
He was married in 18G2 to Miss Rebecca Clark, a native of Bucking-
hamshire, England, and two children, Emma and Arthur, are the result
of this union. Mr. and Mrs. Yeo, with their children, are members of
the Baptist Church. Mr. Yeo is also a member of the Sons of
England.

Orlando Eallman Ziegler, LD.S.

Orlando Hallman Ziegler, L. D. S., dentist, of London, Canada, was
born in Berlin, ('ounty of Waterloo, Canada, and is the son of Enoch
and Hannah (Hallman) Ziegler, natives of Canada and lUicks County,
P"'m., respectively. Enoch Ziegler was a carriage-m.aker by occupation,
and was a man universally respected. He was the father of fourteen
children, Orlando H. being the tifth son in the ftimily. He was reared
in Berlin, received a good practical education and commenced the study
of dentistry in Berlin. He also attended the Dental College in
Toronto, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1882. He
then practiced his profession in Berlin from March until June, 1883,
when he removed to Parkhill, Middlesex County, and in 1888 came to
London, and here he has since remained actively engaged in his dental
practice. In ISNi he chose for his companion in life Miss Lottie
Shoults, who was born in the County of Middlesex. One child, Otto
Ewart, is the result of this nnif)n. Mr. Ziegler is a first-class dentist,
and is rapidly rising in his profession. He is a member of the I. 0.
of Foresters.

^|-^^-^|4

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

ior.3

Sketches Held for Delayed Revision Until Too
Late for Alphabetical Insertion.

Joseph Andrews.

Joseph Andrews was born in Manchester, England, April 11, 1834.
His father, James Andrews, was a native of the same place and a
carpenter by trade, the maiden name of his mother was Ann Vesta,
also of English birth. The subject of this sketch after attaining a suit-
able age commenced an apprenticeship at the pork-butchering business,
and he served seven years and became thoroughly familiar with all its
details. In 1861 he immigrated to America and settled in New York,
entering the employ of Charles Taylor, a large packer, who subse-
(juently sent him to Hamilton as foreman of a large establishment.
In 1867 he came to London and engaged in business on his own
account. In this enterprise he was very successful and built up a
large trade, and had established himself on a substantial basis, tO'See it
all swept away by the flood of liS83.

He was the first to put a steamer iu the River Thames at this point,
and the advent of the steamer City of London was an important era in
the history of the city. This steamer was superseded by the Enterprise,
with a carrying capacity of 300 persons. In 1881, Mr. Andrews sold
out and resumed his former business, and at the present time confines
it largely to the manufacture of bologna and sausage, and in which he
has secured an enviable reputation, not only in the city, but the sur-
rounding coimtry. His premises in London West are well equipped,
where his facilities for conducting his business are extensive and
ample. He is a man whose career has been a series of triumphs over
difficulties, and would have discouraged less hopeful natures. He is
in all respects a self-made man, relying on his own strong arm and
indomitable will. He set out in the world to succeed, and he has by
frugality and untiring industry raised himself to a position which ought
to merit the crown of well-earned success. ^Ir. Andrews was married
in 1860 to Miss ^lary Ann Lobley, of Lincolnshire, England. They
have a family of two children — Henrietta Cecelia and Joseph F.

Atkins & Manness.

Atkins & Manness are prominent cigar manufacturers of Lotidon.
They are among the cigar manufacturers of Loudon " ' o have made

1064

HISTOHY OF THE

themselves successful in their chosen calling, because of the quality
and general excellence of their product. William Atkins, the senior
member of the firm, is a native of England, and was born July '22,
1844. His parents, Moses and Mary (Rice) Atkins, were both of
Enghsh birth, and came to Canada with their family in ISHo. The
subject of this sketch was the youngest of a family of three children.
He commenced in early life working at cigar making, and, in l.SiiG,
owing to the death of liis employer, ^Ir. Kohl, he became interested
in the business as a partner, and at the present time he has been manu-
facturing cigars in London more years than any one now in the busi-
ness, and is the Nestor of the trade. In 188G he formed a partner-
ship with Samuel ]\Ianness, and no firm in the city is more thoroughly
ftxmili.ir with all the details of the business. Both are practical men
in their calling, and masters of their trade, and give their personal
attention to ihe management of the manufacturing department, and to
the sales. They make a specialty of high grade goods, and the quality
of stock used is unsurpassed in the Dominion, and their goods cora-
mand ready sales wherever known. Of the seven or eight difl'erent
brands manufactured, " The Bad Boy," a registered brand, is made a
specialty, and it is a strong candidate for popular favor. They com-
mand a large city trade, as well as a good business in Western Ontario
and with other manufacturers, and have rendered credit unto them-
selves by the part they have contributed in sustaining the reputation
that London enjoys, of behig the second largest cigar manujacturing
centre in the Dominion.

Mr. Atkins was married in 1868 to Miss Mary Jane Donnelley, a
native of England, and they have a family of four interesting children
— Edwin Ii., EfKe, Fannie and Clarence. Mr. Atkins is a member
of the Masonic Order, tiie Independent Order of Oddfellows and the
Independent Order of Foresters.

Samuel Manness was born on the Isle of Jersey, May 4, 1859, and
his father, Freilerick Manness, was a native of Havre, France. His
mother's maiden name was Jane Berry. They came to Canada in
liS72, and here Samuel Manness served a regular apprenticeship at the
cigar trade, and, previous to becoming associated with Mr. Atkins, held
tlie position of foreman in large establishments. He was married
December 2'), 1879, to Miss Teresa Duncan, a native of Dorchester,
County of INIiddlesex. They have a family of two children — William
Ernest and Cliarles I). Mr. Manness is a member of the Ancient
Order or Foresters and of the Sons of England.

Batzner.

D. J. Batzucr, Chief Clerk and Assistant Superintendent of tlie
Crand Trunk liailway, was born in Indiana, on the IGth of November,
185U, his parents being John M., and Mame (Metzger) Batzner, wlio

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1065

were born in Indiana and Germany respectively, the latter coming to
America in her youth. 1). J, Batzner came with his parents to
Canada in 1802, and here he has since resided with the exception of
about two years, which were spent in Indiana attending school. He
learned telegraphy when quite young, and had charge of an office when
only seventeen years of age. In 1877 he became connected with the
Grand Trunk Railway, working in the Car Dispatcher's Olfice for one
year, and has held his present position for eight years. He also at
intervals assi.sts in the former office. He is a young man of push and
energy, very competent, and often in the absence of the Assistant
Superintendent performs his duties. September 9, 1885, he was
married to Miss Bessie Graydon, who was born in the " Emerald Isle,"
and their imion has resulted in the birth of one child, Graydon.

John Cooper.

John Cooper, jihotographer, of London, Ontario, and the Nestor of
this art in London, is the son of John and ]\Iary (McLaughlin) Cooper.
The father was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, July 12, 18(115, and
in l<S2i> he immigi-ated to Canada and settled in the Township of Cavan,
near Millbrook. He married Mi.ss ^fary McLaughlin in about 1(S31.
Her father's house was a noted resort for the early A Fethodist preachers,
and here the celebrated Gideon Onsley, an historic character of the early
founders of this denomination, always found a warm welcome, as well as
a resting ]ilace. In about 1834, Mr. Cooper changed his place of resi-
dence to London, and, with John Hazlewood and Ambrose McMannus,
formed a partnership in the carpentry and millwrighting business.
Among their first contracts was a liouse for Curate Cronyn, afterwards
Bishop of the Diocese, on the present site of Hellmuth College. In
1835, Mr. Cooper placed his family in a boat especially constructed
for him, and went down the Thames River to the River St. Clair, and
thence up the River Ruscome, where he ]iurchased a homestead
and there resided for four years. He then returned to London, soon
after the close of the Rebellion, and continued to reside here until his
death in 1873. The mother died one year later. Eleven children
were born to their union — Faiuiie (who married Abel Hine), Johu,
Jane (now Mrs. Richard Box, of St. Marys), Mary Ann and Joseph
(both deceased ; the latter was a musician of note, and made a trip
to England for the benefit of his health, and while there he organized
a musical com])any and gave two entertainments at Windsor Castle),
William A. (an artist in Chicago, who has attained to well-merited
prominence in his profession^ Charles, Kate (now ]\Irs. J. Gibson),
Arthur (living in Petrolea, and an artist of no small note) and Rebecca
(who died in infancy).

John (Jooper was born May 27, 1834, and has been reared and
educated in London, Ontario. In early life he followed the occupation

1066

HISTORY OF THE

of contractor and builder, and afterwards turned his attention to
daguerreotype business, and naturally, as improvements were made in
this art, became a photographer and one of the pioneers in the business.
He was married in LSliO to Miss Mary W. Wilkie, of Windsor, but a
native of New York, and four children were born to this union — Eva
(wife of R. E. Simpson), John Wesley (in Toronto) and Ida. One
daughter, Fannie, the eldest, fell a victim to the Victoria disaster, and
died at the age of nineteen years and six months. As an artist, Mr.
Cooper's long residence and success is a greater recommendation than
any word of praise we could write. As a citizen, in every walk of
life his career has been above criticism or reproach, a man of unbending
honor and honesty, broad and practical, charitable and generous in his
feelings, dignified in his manhood, he is one who is universally respected.

Frank Coofer.

Frank Cooper, photographer, has his business situated at 169, 171
and 17o Dundas street, London, Canada. To produce pleasing and
satisfactory pictures requires skill, refined taste and appreciation of
light and shade. All these requisites are found in the establishment
of Mr. Frank Coopar. As a photographer this gentleman has gained
a wide and well merited reputation for the excellent finish of his pic-
tures. His studio is tastefidly and elegantly finished, and is replete
with everything necessary or convenient for the efficient practice of
the art, or for the comfort of visitors. This establishment dates its
inception back to nearly nineteen years, since when his business has
enjoyed a steadily increasing reputation. Mr. Cooper takes all sizes of*
photographs, but makes a specialty of family groups and children,
attending personally to the operation. The gallery is one of the largest
and best appointed in Canada, and has long enjoyed a national repu-
tation for artistic photography. The operating rooms are 55x25 feet
in dimensions, while there are separate reception rooms for ladies and
gentlemen, the whole establishment being in every way efficiently
equipped with everything needful or useful for the effective perform-
ance of the best class of work. The workshops are of the same dimen-
sions as the operating rooms, with employment for seven regular hands.
Mr. Cooper, who was born December 21, 1845, and is of Irish descent.
His parents, John and Mary (McLaughlin) Cooper, were both natives
of Ireland, and are alluded to in the sketch of John Cooper, which
precedes this. When quite young, Frank Cooper began learning the
photographer's art with his brother John, and when twenty-one years
of age he began business for himself, and has now for many years
been prominently identified with the commercial interests ef London,
where he has established a business second to none in his line, and of
which he may well feel a justifiable pride. He was married to ]\Iiss
Emily Riddle in 1878, ■ native of St. Catherines, Ont., and to them

Ther

this city

Davis, ai

business

Saratoga

trade of j

In IS27

own

■iccod

t! inari'fd

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

1067

have been bom three cliildren — WilHam C. P., Frankie L. aud Flor-
ence E. G. In addition to photography, Mr. Cooper does crayon work
and water-color.

Philip Cook.

Piiilip Cook was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in IS'-Vi, and
his parents, Owen and Mary (O'Jiiley) Cook, were both natives of the
" Emerald Isle." The father was a shoemaker by trade, and immigrat-
ed to the United States in 1832. He first settled in New York, but,
later, removed his family to Niagara District, Ontario, where they
remained for many years. His son, Philip Cook, came to London in
1849, served a regular apprenticeship at the shoemaker's business,
and in 18G4 commenced business on his own account, at first on a
small scale, but gradually increasing his stock until his business has
assumed its present prosperous condition. His indomitable will and
perseverance, which aided him so materially in his early struggles,
served him well in the eHbrt to establish for himself an independent
and successful business. Always strictly attentive to business, even to
its most closest details, urbane and considerate, and in all his relations
with the public scrupulously exact in the fulfilment of all promises to
his customers, he has built up a trade, which, in the magnitude of its
transactions and value of returns, any house might well envy. In
1886, Mr. Cook retired from the active management of the business,
which now devolves upon his son Joseph. Mr. Cook was married in
1861 to Miss Ann O'liyrne, also a native of Ireland, and their family
circle consists of seven children — Joseph, Maggie (wife of C. A. Fitz-
gerald, of New York), Mary E., Jane, Ellen, Philip and Edward.
Joseph Cook, who succeeds his father in business, was born in London,
February 18, 1862, and has been reared and educated in this city.
His business trcaining has been under the supervision of his father,
and, as a natural result, which is highly complimentary to his busi-
ness management, it has not retrograded in his hands.

William H. Davis.

There is no name in London more familiar to the old residents of
this city than the name tliat heads this sketch. His father, Henry
Davis, at the time of his death, in 1883, was perhaps the oldest active
business man, in point of residence, in the city. He was a native of
Saratoga County, New York, and was born in 1804. He learned the
trade of jeweler in his youth, and for years made his home at Niagara.
In 1827 he came to London, and in 1831 commenced business on his
own account, and for fifty-two years conducted a successful business.
He married Miss Ann Jane I\lcSpadden, a Canadian by birth, and to

1068

HISTOliY OF THE

them were born seven children, five of whom .ire still living — "W. H.
Josejih W. (in Toronto). George C, (Jlara (now Mrs. llobert 1). Millei')!
and Mary J. Those deceased are Henry and Elijah.

William H., the eldest son and child, was born in Lonilon, Sept. 24,
1837, and was reared and educated in London. He early learned the
jeweler's trade under the instruction of his father, and became familiar
with all the details of this occupation. He subse([uently became
associated with hia father as partner, and at his death succeciled to the
trade, which he has since conducted under the original firm name,
it being the oldest established business in London. As heretofore
stated, the business was established in 1831, and the house is reco"-
uized as one of the most reliable in the Province. The stock cariied
embraces a full line of the finest jewelry, which is sold out at as low a
margain as can be aflbrded, and all goods are wan-anted as represented.
Their store is one of the best appointed in this line in the city, and no
merchant in London has a higher standing for probity and honor than
Mr. Davis. To his business he gives his personal supervision, and has
succeeded in not only holding the trade of the old firm, but has
gradually received the magnitude of the business. Mr. Davis was
married in lcS63 to Miss Eliza Green, a native of London, Canada.
He is a member of the Masonic Order.

Benjamin Watson Greer.

A truth that must be everywhere acknowledged is that keen per
ception, sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persever-
ing and continuous effort will result in success in whatever occupation
one may be engaged, and their possession is sure to accomplish the
aims hoped for. The career of Benjamin W. Greer, especially so far as
his connection with the mercantile interest of London is concerned,
bears out the truth of this statement, for at this time he is the senior
partner in one of the leading houses in his line in the Province. Mr.
Greer was born in the County Galway, Ireland, August 15, 1843. His
father, William, was also a native of Ireland, as was his mother, whose
maiden name was Clarinda Allt, who was of Irish birth. By this
marriage there were six sons and one daughter. The family emigrated
to Canada in 1847, and settled first in London, and then removed to
Warwick, where they remained only a short time, then returned to
County of Middlesex and settled in London Township, where he lived
until the death of his fother in 1851. The mother is still living, at the
advanced age of eighty-five years, and finds a pleasant home in the
family of her son, the subject of this sketch, and notwithstanding her
years her mind is clear, her memory unimpaired, her eye is not dim or
her natural force abated, and she bids fair to see many years of useful-
ness. The subject of this sketch in early life commenced an appren-
ticeship at the carriage-making trade, but afterwards abandoned it and
learned the painting and paper-hanging trade.

age

trat

ant

bui

ania

Leal

sliii

E. (

Uh^

six

liam

the

COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1()(19

In 1864 he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and for about a year
worked at his trade, and then accepted a position to travel for a fire
insurance conii)auy, and remained thus eni]»loyed for nearly one year;
then went to (.'incinnati, where he remained until LSTl, when, owing
to the death of a brother, he returned home. While here he made
arrangements to go into business with W. Noble, and, under the firm
name of Noble & Greer, conducted business for six and a-half years,
and then sold out. Six months later the firm of Greer, Wigmore &
McPherson was formed, and at the expiration of three ye.ars Messrs.
Greer and Wigmore purchased their partner's interest, and have since
conducted the business under this name. The reputation which this
house enjoys is second to no similar establishment in this section, and
the gi'owth and magnitude of the business is due to superior business
ability and fair and honorable dealings, and they have drawn around
them a trade most complimentary to their standing as business men
and citizens. In 187'.', Mr. Greer was selected as a suitable person to
represent his ward (No. 4) iu the City Council, and in 1887 he was
again elected, this time by acclamation. Mr. Greer was manied in
1872 to Miss -lane Forsythe, a native of Canada. They have one
daughter, Ethel May. Mr. Greer is a Past Master of St. John's (-JO'.*)
Masonic Lodge ; Past First Principal of St. John's Chapter, No. 8, and
a Knight Templar, being connected with liichard Creur de Lion Com-
mandery. He is a Past (Jhief Eanger of the Independent Order of
Foresters, and Past Deputy Supreme Chief Ranger ; also Auditor for
the past two years of the Independent Order of Foresters.

JOHN HAYMAN.

John Hayraan, builder, of London, Ont., was born in Devonshire,
England, June, 1844, and is the son of William and Susan (Banks)
Hayman. He remainetl under the parental roof until sixteen years of
age, engaged in dilferent occui)ations, and then went to London, where
he lived with an uncle, who was a contractor, and there finished his
trade. In 18(18 he cunie to London, Ont., where he has since resided,
and where he has followed his calling with satisfactory results. He
built Union block, jMonroe building, and Gas Works of London East.
He was a member of the Council of London East at the time of
amalgamation. He has been married twice, his first wife being ]Miss
Leah Martin, whom he married in IHG'J. She was born in Devon-
shire, England, and died in 187*), leaving three children — Harold John,
E. G. and Charles Francis. Mv. Hayman's second marriage was to
Miss Emily IVIartin, a native of Devonshire, England, and to this union
six children were born — Vitalis, Alfred Hone, Edwanl Clarence, A^'il-
liam Heiu-y, Aquilla Maj^ and Ha E. L. The following are some of
the buildings erected by Mr. Hayman : — George Birrell's building.

1070

UISTOKY OF THE

Hicks' block. Town Hall, Storage block, McCormick's dwelhns, and
numerous others. Mr. Hay man is a member of the I. O. 0. 1., bt.
George's Society, and is an enterprising business man.

George W. Heately.

Georoe W. Heately, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of
Delaware Township, was born in that Township, Middlesex County,
Canada, August 6, 1855, and is a descendant of an old family. He is
the son of John and Harriet (Parkins) Heately. The father was born
in North Ireland about the year 1826, and when about eighteen years
of aae immigi-ated with his parents to Canada. They located near the
citv°of Hamilton in 1844, and about 1855 John Heately came to
Delaware Township, where he purchased the farm upon which his son
George W is now residing. He soon after located in this Township,
and here married Miss Harriet Parkins, who bore him ten children six
now livin*^ He died at his home in Delaware Township in 1881.
The mother is still living, and makes her home with her son George
W She is fifty-two years of age. George remained with his parents,
and at the death of his father assumed control of the place, which he
has since carried on. The family worship at the M. E. Church
George Heately, like his father, in his political views, is a supporter of
the Liberal principles, and is a member of the School Board.

WILLIAM Jacobs.

William Jacobs, plasterer, is a native of the Province of Quebec,
and was born on the 6th day of January, 1842. His father, Louis
Jacobs was of French birth. The maiden name of his mother was
Miriam Dion The subject of this brief sketch was reared m his
native place, and served a five years' apprenticeship at the plastering
trade, becoming thoroughly familiar with all the details of this calling.
In 186') he came to London, where he has since been identified with
its interest In 1879 he commenced taking contracts on his own
account and he has proven himself an honorable, competent and
thorouohly reliable workman, and as a master of his trade, no man
stands Woher, and he is securing a liberal share of public patronage.
He was married February 6, 1884, to Miss Betsie Ann Hearthorn, a
native of the United States. They have one adopted daughter, Laura.
Mr Jacobs is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is also a member of the
Merchants' Exchange. He is in all respects a self-made man. Relying
on his strong arm and indomitable will, he set out in the worid to suc-
ceed and has by frugality and untiring industry raised himself to a
position which ought to merit the crown of well-earned success.

COUNTY OF MIDDI.KBKX.

WILLIAM Jones.

1(171

In almost every circmiistauce it is acknowledged that a person is
better fitted to follow the occupation with which he has been familiar
in early life than to engage in an occupation learned in later years.
This truth is borne out by the career of Mr. Jones, who, from child-
hood, has been familiar with the details of carpentei'ing. For the
past eighteen years he has been engaged in business on his own
responsibility, and the success that has attended his eflbrts is fully
corroborated by the position he occupies both in business and social
circles. He was born in Devonshire, P^ngland, on the 29th of A])ril,
1849, his parents, Thomas and Mary (Hill) Jones, both being natives
of the same ]ilace. The father was a carpenter and builder by occu-
pation, and his family consisted of nine children.

William Jones is their eldest child, and at an early day began
learning the cariienter's trade under the instruction of his father, and
after obtaining his majority became impressed with the idea that there
were better opportunities for a young man to succeed in life in
America. He came to Ontario in 1870, at once found employment,
and in February of the following year formed a jmrtnership with Mr.
Tamblin, which has continued up to the present time, and no con-
tractors of London are better or more favorably known. In June,
1888, Mr. Jones was selected as a suitable ])ersou to represent his
Ward in the City Council, and he was elected by the largest majority
ever given to any Alderman elected in the City of London. His
official career has been above criticism, and he is a man of unswerving
honor and unimpeachable honesty. In 1873 he was married to ]Miss
Jeanette Wilkinson, a native of London Township. They have the
following family : — Thomas, Willie, Ethel Maud, Frank L., Edith E. ,
Mabel Edna and Harry Chester.

Edward N. King.

Edward N. King, fi'eight agent at London for the Grand Trunk
Railway, was born in Guelph, Ontario, ]\Iarch 31, 1843. His parents
were born in England, and came to Guelph about the year 183G. The
father, Walter King (still alive), i)articipated in the liebellion of 1837,
on the Niagara frontier. Edward N. King was brought up in Guelph,
and made it his home until he was seventeen years of age, and
received good educational advantages at the Grammar School, an
institution which turned out some fine scholars, who in some instances
obtained medals at Trinity College, Dublin. His business experience
was commenced in the telegi'aph and express service, and after thorough
]n'eparation was appointed agent at Wyoming in Ajiril, 18G3, at that
time the great centre for shipping crude and refined oils. Those were
the days of flowing wells, and excitement ran high, as many Londoners

1072

HISTOllY OF THE

will easily remember, especially the Wyoming and Oil Springs ])lank
road and its attendant annoyances. He was a])pointod relieving agent
on the Great Western Kailway in Jnne, 1860, and passed various
grades of ])romotion, namely, agent at various times at Fort Erie,
Princeton, I'aris, Gait ; Ireight agent at London twice ; soliciting agent
and city agent at Hamilton. In April, 188;^, he was called to his
present position — that of freight agent at London. He is agreeable
and accommodating in all his relations with the public, and commands
the respect and esteem of all who know him. He was married in
1871 to Miss Emily Ward, of Wyoming, and has one son and two

daughters.

Fbank Kirchmer.

Frank Kirchmer, Manager of Grand Opera House, London, Ontario,
is a native of Dayton, Ohio, and he was born November 18, 1849.
His father, Peter Kirchmer, and his mother, whose maiden name was
Mary Mehlheimer, were both of German birth. The subject of this
sketch was reared in Dayton, Ohio, until eighteen years of age. He
learned the harness-making trade in youth and followed this calluig in
different parts of the Southern States for «o:iio years, and in 187;!
he came to London and for a time worked at his trade, but sub-
sequently entered the emjjloy of Jlr. Manville, who, in addition to
conducting an auction and commission business, did a large bill post-
ing business.

In 188;3, Mr. Kirr^mer succeeded to the bill posting business, and
for years he has practically controlled that occupation in London, having
secured all the desirable spaces and bill boards of the city. It is a
business for which he has a natural aptitude, as it requires a decided
art in posting to make a popular medium for attracting public atten-
tion. The thorough and expeditious manner in which he executes all
contracts have won for him an enviable reputation as an expert in
his calling. In addition to this business in which he has been so
successful, ho has recently been appointed Manager of the Grand
Opera House, a position his experience for the past few years has made
him well fitted to occupy, and we have no hesitation in predicting
success in this new departure, combining as he does both the manage-
ment and advertisement of attractions. Mr. Kirchmer was married
April 20, 1809, to Miss Maggie Gaurd, of Dayton, Ohio. They have a
family of five children — Susie, Florence, Johnnie, Charlie and Freddie.
Mr. K. is a member of the Koyal Arcanum, and belongs to the Ancient
Order of Foresters.

George G. Magee.

A history of the business men of the City of London which failed to
include a sketch of the life of this esteemed pioneer citizen, a man

COUNTY OF MIIiDLKSKX.

107:^

whose long residenoft horo, and whoso many a(hnirable traits of charac-
ter have won for him an cnviahle reputation and the resjK'ct and
esteem of all, would be inconiiilete. His career is an excellent ex-
amjilo of what the Now World can do for a man who sets before him-
self a hijjh ideal of life, and who has the ambition and steadfast pur-
pose to rise to a prominent position. In Mr. Magee's case a laudal)lo
ambition has not been thwarted by circumstances which in the Old
World so often jn'ove a check to advancement. He was born in the
County of Tyron Irelai-d, l)eceml)er 6, 1813, and is a son of
Jonathan Alagee and Elizabeth (Guy) Magee, who were also natives of
that county. George G. was the eldest of eight children, who grew to
matm'ity and was reared on a farm.

In early life he immigrated to the United States, and settled first ii\
^lassachusetts, and from tliere went to Philadelphia, but owing to the
dejiressed condition of financial alTairs and the discouraging condition
of business he soon changed his residence to London, Ontario, and for
over four years worked as a clerk — thrcj years with one firm and
fifteen months with another. In March, 1.S47, he embarked in business
for lumself, and was identified with the mercantile interests of the
place until 18C2, when he retired. One of the cardinal points in his
business transactions was to make the interests of his patrons identical
with his own, and the comjietency which he now enjoys is the result
of his industry, integrity, and close a))])lioation to business, even to its
most trivial details. In 1855 and 1.S56 he was elected as Alderman to
reju'esent his Ward in the City Council, and was honore'd with the
position of Chairman of the Board of Finance, in which position he
made a faithful and efficient public servant. Being a man of domestic
habits and taste, he has held himself aloof as much as possible from
politics, but has given much assistance to others. In 1841 he was
married to Miss Mary Ann ]\lagee, who was born in Ireland, and by
her is the father of the following children: — Guy, a journalist ; Jona-
than, a farmer ; Alfred, a farmer ; and Emma C, at home.

James Magee.

James ]\fagee, barrister, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1846 ;
came to London, Ontario, in 1856 ; studied law, and was called to the
Bar in 1807, and now has a large practice.

ALEXANDER MCQUEEN.

Alexander McQueen is Head Master of London South schools. It
is but giving expression to tlie general sentiments of the people to state
that no man has done more for the educational growth and prosperity
of the City of Loudon than Mr. McQueen. He was born in the County

1(174

IIISTOKY OK TIIK

of llnltnii, Novi'inbcr S, 1847. His paronts, Williiim ami ElizubL'th
McQiKioii, buiiif^ iilso bom in the County of Hiilton ; tlitj fornier'.s biith
occiirrin<{ on tlio same fiinn on which his son, Alcixaniler, was born.
Duiiiij,' his early life ho was engaj^'od in husbandry, but later in life
turneil his attention to the lumber business. Four sons and one (1iuil;1i-
ter constituted his family. Alexander, the eldest, boin>,' taken by his
parents to County Kent in ISoO, was there reared to manhood. Ho
availed himself of the best educational advantages of the vicinity,
and his early days were divided between attending school and assisting
his father in the lumber business. He applied himself assiduously to
his studies to prepare him.self for the occupati(jn of teaching, and
entered upon his professional career in 1(S67. From that time until
1877, he was engaged in teaching in the country, and in Delaware,
and at the latter date, entered upon the duties of his present jiosition,
and the ability with which he has discharged his work, clearly shows
that he is the right man in the right place. Ho has always entered
heart and soul into his work, and as a result, has succeeded even b(^yon(l
his expectations. Mr. McC^ueen is I'ast-Master in the Masunic order,
also a Itoyal Arch Mason, and is a member of the I. 0. O. F.

Dr. J. M. Piper.

Among the successful and rising physicians of London may be
mentioned Dr. Piper, whose labors in the practice of this science have
given him well-deserved prominence among professional men. He is
the son of William Piper, of Devonshire, England, who came to
Middlesex County in 1838, and there followed agricultural pursuits.
The mother's maiden name was Miss Ann Mill. They were the
parents of eight children. Dr. J. M. Piper being the sixth child. He
was born in the County of Middle.sex in 1855, was reared on a farm until
eighteen years of age, and received his education in the High School.
He then attended the Toronto School of IMcdicine, graduated in 1880,
also attended the Bellevue Medical Hospital College, New York, and
although a comparatively young man, his career thus far has been both
honorable and deserving of substantial results. His practice is a large
one, for to his natural qualifications as a physician he brings a mind
well stored with the knowledge of medical learning and experience
which others might well desire. He is a close student, and avails
himself of all the latest and most popular works on medicine, and
keeps himself thoroughly apace with the progress of this science. He
was married in 1880 to Miss Jennie lioddy, who was born in the
County of York. The doctor is a member of the Masonic Order,
connected with St. John's, No. 20, is a member of the Independent
Order of Foresters, Canadian Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of
Foresters and St. George's Society.

COUNTY OK Minni.KSKX.

W. J. REID & Co.

1075

W. J. lieid & Co. (ire pvoiniiient importors of crockery and ^'luss-
ware, decorators of cliiim, etc., Crystal Hall, Duiulas strct't, I.dikIuii.
IVrinaiient success in any calliii;,' in life is do|)on(lent uixin iiutiinil
causes, and no one can hope to succeed unless he has merit. Thoy
have made themselves eminently succussfid in their business, which
statement is amjily corroborated by those witli whom they have
business relations and by the general public. The business was first
established by Nathaniel Reid when London was yet in its infiuii;y,
and for over forty years he has been identified with the city's interests.
Although he is now fast approaching his four-score years, his eyes are
still bright and his mental vigor unimpaired, and no l)usinesa transac-
tion of any imjiortancc is consummated without consulting him. I Fe
was born in Manchester, England, in 1811, and in IS40 immigrated to
the New World, landing first in New York with a stock of goods, which
ho sold to advantage. Two years later ho became a resident of London,
and up to the present date has been in business continuously more
years than any other i'ldividual in the city. In 18.j8 the business,
which was a general on{>, was changed to crockery, ami it has grown
steadily and surely until it is now second to no similar establishuKMit
in the Dominion. Their building is four stories high, the top flat
being used for American and Canadian glassware, and the third f(U'
granite ware of every description. The china decorating department
occupies the second flat, and here artists are employed painting flowers
and fancy patterns on china, the work being very finely executed.
Two kilns are used for burning in the patterns, the establishment
giving employment to sixty hands, and five travellers are kept on the
road. They have a resident buyer in both England and the continent,
and W. J. Reid makes it convenient to visit the leading pottery manu-
factories of Europe annually. Their goods are imported from all parts
of the world, and consist of Coalport China, Crown Derby, Bohemian
and Venetian glassware. Royal Worcester, Minton, Wedgwood, Royal
Dresden, and Copeland's dinner, tea, breakfast and dessert sets.
Besides this they have a fine collection of bronze, terra cotta and Ijisilue
figures, and deal in all classes of crockery and glasswiire. W. J. Reid
has been the active manager for a number of years, and the reputation
the house enjoys, and the trade they have drawn around them, speak
eloquently in their favor. He was born and reared in the City of
London, and began his business experience under the supervision of
his father, and no man in Loudon has taken a greater interest in
advancing the city's interests than he. He is President of the Bcjard
of Trade, and also of the London Branch of the Michigan Central Rail-
road, and has served several years as President of the Commercial
Travellers' Association.

1076

HISTORY OF THE

Thomas Sumner.

Thomas Sumner was born in the Townshi]) of Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, September 21, 1840. His father, Samuel Sum-
ner, was a native of Vermont, and came to Canada in 1819. He
married Keziah Carter, a native of Lower Canada ; by this marriage
there were ten children. The father was a farmer, and at the sarne
time he took great interest in military matters, and held the position
of ( 'aptain in the militia. He was a prominent Mason, and a member
of old ^It. Moriah Lodge, the first in the county. In connection with
other duties, he held the office of constable in Westminster Townshij).
He died in September, 1877. Thomas Sumner, the eldest sou and
second child, has been reared in this county, his early life having been
spent upon a farm ; he afterwards commenced working at the carpen-
ter's trade, and was engaged in bridge building for many years. While
following this calling, he commenced working for the Water Commis-
sioners, and in September, 1885, he was ajipointed caretaker of the
grounds, etc. In this position he has proven himself a very competent
man. Mr. Sumner was married in IcSGo to Miss Hannah Emmons, of
Westminster Towu,ship. They have four children— Hannah, Edith,
Bertie and Chester. He is a member of the Masonic order, and belongs
to St. John's, .iO'J.

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