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•mmm^mi^i^M^^^mmmm^sA^M^^m'^ 
 
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ADDENDA TO REPORT 
 
 »V T«« 
 
 COMMISSIONHRS 
 
 <>V THR 
 
 iTEROOLONIAL RAILWAY. 
 
 OTTAWA : 
 
 PRIKTRI. BY I. 1. TAYLOR, L'!», .SI, AXn :,{.t. mm.KV STRKCT. 
 
 11)70. 
 
ADDENDA TO REPOIIT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 .COMMISSIONERS 
 
 or THE 
 
 IiNTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY. 
 
 [BB.] : 
 
 To the Honorable Sir John A. Macdo.vald, K.C.B., 
 iVIinister of Justice, lirc, Ottawa. 
 
 th. P,Srf"rn',''f.'T ^;^;"°^-'='l ^^i't'^tl"-' opportunity of pcrusinjT a paper submitted to 
 -Gd; '. ,i nro -r ' '•""""^\7"""- °f ^''^' lutorcolonial liuihvay, hearing date tbo 
 ;, 1 .r:l", ■ \] • • *""^ +'"" V^^ ''"'""^ '"° ^" '"^^'^ -"^ ^■'-'^^' observations on the .subjects 
 cab.r.oc! .n tliat pr.per. It refers to and criticises the views laid bcf.;ro you in m 
 
 i V ^''-. r- . ""•■'I'rt-l;'-'" to state the grounds on which 1 pref..rn.d a svsiem of 
 
 fus i.'i'T-.''r "'r'-''' ^'''''' ^ "''' ^"'^ pc^'''"i«i^'ii to oHer seem to n.e lo be required iu 
 ju..ie. lo my..ext m rofercn.o to e.n..ia conclusions arrived at Iv .lie Conmiissioners 
 h ch are veiy much ac variance witi. xho.e wLieh I had come to. ' J trust xou S^ 
 they are not cn-eived ,,r u:yed in a si.iiic of cunfoversv. * 
 
 R„l,= .T%''r" •''''', •'"'" "-^''^'"^ ^^''''''' '" .^-f'"-^^!';^'!' the Commissioners haw; made iho 
 bul^^et of ncir obsepatM:,.,. w.s to show tl.o i. the circmust.nces und.T m1 S t^lg 
 jork was to bo un.lerr:d:en. the system c^^ eontraeting uhich I oon> id ered m st in ' 
 s^cordanoe w.h the public interests, was that whiei> is ba.od on a scheduled pr«^ the 
 conU-aetor „n erukn.g to do any ^vo,k which mi^ht be .iven him, within^ heSsc^ 
 
 ^s-^ W wh-h T' ''T ^'^ '"'' ""'f "'' '^""'"''^ ''' ^°'-^- '-^-^ «f '^- ^- P -n 
 S :ret •• ^!'^.^"^»trn:..tor a::rees for a rcun.l and determinate sum to construct an 
 
 entire secnon or portion of road within defined limits. 
 
 One p.-incip,d reason which J had in the present case for preferring tlie .^vst-m T 
 recommended was, that the surveys on the Intercolonial Eailwav running as de;Tlo 
 
 Z: 't Tr "' '" "■ '"' r^'' ^'^^ ""'''' ^^* ''" *"°^ ""'>' ^-^''- - f-^- months! that h'ouS: 
 the^ had bec.1 prosecuted ever since with all possible dil.'geuce, they were st 11 iti a very 
 
iir.ornn! •->■ stTr, .in I not s.iiTi.ioiitly aJvm. "l to onal.lp the CommisRioMi-s to furnish to 
 iutriKliu' con trait IPS Mich iiifuruaa.ioii as ^v;ls rt'i]iiiiv.l f..r m.ikl'n; Tcnd.'is fit all lascl 
 ui.on t\Z aniuuiit anl oliaruol.T of the w, ': uiul rtaken, aiitl tl.at. in ilif< at,.s<.-n-:c of 
 Buch information, Ten. l.-ra would Ic; to a !■ ,'.• extent a ni-re inaUor m conjfvturo ; tliat 
 
 ml im;:uTOUS Ktructtirta ovrr rivrrs :i:i'l strtaiiis 
 
 B' 
 
 jiarticuiarlv as rocanls tli" l)riil,;es 
 crossing' the line, no opportunity luvi 0Jta.-.,-a Hiuce tho or;,'aui/.:yvion of the survey, to 
 obtain 'Ihe Infunnation al.solutely necfj^'sary iieforo ve:iturin^- to fix with precision liieir 
 size, snan, c'lara-ter, or tho nature of thiur founda ions, and that the only time wlieri 
 such iuformalion was ohtaiualile, was when 
 
 which t!io stn'anis were liable to he swollen 
 thus furnished to enable the Kngineer to iv 
 BtructnroR. 
 
 The Commissioners in reference to thv 
 
 ■,- the meitiir^ snows of sjirlnc; the extent to 
 V fres!i,;lB could be s.>en, and the material bs 
 cnninft the extent and size of tlie neoessavy 
 
 'Oil litlo:i of tl!.-' survey, say, in their paper. 
 
 that if the surveys are not s.> far advanceil u'^ to enable the Kngineer '• to givi; conli-actora 
 Btatoments of .luantiti.'s upon which to base their tenders, he is e.pially unable to atibrd 
 the Couiml.siouers any satisfactory inform 1.1 .u in rc;'ird to the dillei-. ut quantities and 
 the various kinds of work to lie execute 
 
 if th(! Commissioners receive a number of l 
 schedule of prices coverin::, accorvlin;; to .M" 
 dillerent item-, they would be utt-rly unabi 
 to acc-pt. and have no data whatever upon 
 the relative economy or otlnu-wise of the di 
 Bvstem " it would be impossible to form 
 
 ; 1 they add "the result then would lie, that 
 uders bascil upon a schedule of pi ices, such 
 Kieiuin^'s projiosal, no les^ the.n t-.v^nty-niiiC 
 t > di'ciiie which tender it was most desirable 
 liich to found anv calculations in re:;ard to 
 ■.T. uf tenders.'' and to show th;it on such a 
 luv id-a at all as to which was the most 
 
 advantaj,'eous tender," thev proceed to construct a table in which they ,c;rou[. the data 
 furnished by such tenders,";-.) as to exhibit ihe impossibility of dechicing from them any 
 practical cJnclusion, thev .add that "no estimate ever could be made as to tlio most 
 desirable tender unless the fpiaiitltios were known, and this information Mr. Fleming 
 
 states he cannot su|iply. ' , , . . i, i i ^i 
 
 If the system 1 recommended were really open to the objections so alleged by the 
 Commissioners, it would be indefensible, but jMe ility there is no dicirmlty in ascertr.ining 
 the relative value of tenders on a scheiUilo of prices with a tolerable degree of exactness 
 under circumstances lik.^ the ]iresent ; it is < ,.:nmonly done by as.suming .piantities based 
 on the best data obtainable, and carrying out these, at the prices given in each tenik-r, 
 the total sums give the comparative or relative value of each tender. The following is 
 an example : 
 
 3. 1 Toiuicr, :>o. 4. 
 
 Tender, No. 5. 
 
 1.^0 acres clearing . . 
 10 acres close | 
 
 cutting' 
 
 10 sieres L;ralibinf,' . 
 80,000 culiic yards 
 
 r.iek e.\o;iviitii'n . 
 700,(100 culiic y.iTiU 
 
 earth exeavatinii 
 fiOO chains (h-aitis . . 
 40*1 culiic yanU 
 
 cuncrete 
 
 3,500 (Millie yar.lH 
 
 1st class nKuma-y 
 4,0'l') cubic yanU 
 
 L'U'l c'.assiiiascury 
 Et cetcr.L-^ s.iy . . . . 
 
 10 oo; 
 
 I 
 
 •JO 00 
 80 00 
 
 i 1 20 
 
 II i I 
 
 I ! I ! 
 
 2,400 00 20 OOi 3,000 o i 12 00| 1,800 
 
 00; 15 00, 2,2j0 00 14 00, 2,100 00 
 
 200 on 10 00' 
 
 800 00 00 00 
 
 ion ■ i 12 00: 120 
 1,00 < 'i70 00, 700 
 
 00 : 17 
 00 100 
 
 00' 
 00 
 
 170 
 1,000 
 
 00; 8 001 
 00 "JO 001 
 
 so 00 
 900 00 
 
 Totals 
 
 27 
 
 13 00 ; 
 
 7 00; 
 
 11 00 
 
 7 Oe 
 
 
 'Mvooo cj' yo; 72,000 i j, 'x>' 70,000 
 
 i I II 
 
 180,000 00 31 217.000 (M 301 210,000 
 
 7,800 00 14 00 ,s,400 00 IG WJi O.O'JO 
 
 2,.S00 00: 3 OOj 1,20<J f'O G 0O| 2,4i!0 
 
 3S,500 0012 Oo', 42,000 01 11 :jO, 40,2.!^ 
 
 i I II 
 
 2.'',000 00 8 501 34,f)00 i "= 7 00; 2S,000 
 
 7:!,100 0(1 i 7"i.'''iO ' i ... . 7G,77} 
 
 00 ; 1 2."i 100,000 
 
 00 
 00| 15 
 
 001 4 
 I 
 
 001 10 
 
 Ool 8 
 
 00 ... 
 
 1,^2,000 
 
 0,001) 
 
 1,C00 
 
 35,000 
 
 32,cor 
 
 00: 1 101 8S,000 00 
 
 I I 
 
 m .'i2 221,000 00 
 00 IH 00 10,.S00 00 
 
 1 I 
 00 5 001 2,000 00 
 
 I I 
 
 00 13 00' 45,.50O 00 
 
 ; I 
 00 o'l .•',!:, CKio 00 
 lie M,«7i; (10 
 
 438,000 001 
 
 ; 153,000 00 j 
 
 442,044 00; 
 
 ,435,024 00 1401,250 00 
 
 I I 1 
 
Till- totnl sums r>!it;iin<^il 'y tho.-^o pnV-s v.-ill jjivp the rcliitivo valno of the clifTerent 
 l.Ti'liTs, c\;-i\ lhi'i','h ihe fpiuniitiis shou!'! tur.i out to !io not strictly covrpi'f. Th» 
 .ifriira.-y of l!i ■ (|u.i!iliflrs iirciUyof littt.' ooimciu-'MCO in a coinparis..!! of tciiiiiTS, as 
 tli:>y arc a|i|ili<(l iuihosainr way to each t.nlor. For cxaiiiplf, should tin- r|uantitie8 
 turn out to l.c 10 or 2'l p t rmt. too p-.M >>v loo littl', tin; totals wouM all in the 
 s,i;no ratio l,o alisoiurely too ^'r.'at or too lilti ■, i,ut in r.latiou to eaoh other the«o totals 
 wouM, fnrall pra-tical purpose:-), r-^inai'i uae'. vnge'l. 
 
 it wouM, no (loulit, 1)'> iiuprop-r to as:,ume in Ihe comparison impos^ihlo or 
 
 e'ctriy,y»ant quantitie.'i,--this roursp is not k ssary,— althouj.'ii the liata furnisheil bo 
 
 insiillirio'it to ena'ih! any (jne to nialce an ex., -t fstimatc of quantities, inforiuatioii, such 
 as that in po.s.-.vs.sioa of (he (Joniniissionf rs, i^ iiuitc enoujrh to onatile tlitMn [iracticallv to 
 compare ''-'••■' , ■ ■ ,. . 
 
 sehodulo 
 
 ... J...... . ,..,.w., ,.» ,,,, V ■/M»nii.-t..iwin i n, I- 'juitc t-uwu;;]i It) ''Maoii' wit'ni prac 
 
 paro the v.iluc of teu»le'-s on a silieijule of priee.s witli perfect ••vccuracv. 
 Tiie Couimi :^ijners are <,f o|iiuii:i t'' t *lie adoption of the sv.item of 
 
 prices •' would l>o ci.'rtain ia the end to h-il 
 opinion hetwoi'u the Contractor and the V.n.. 
 desci-iption of work I'xoeuted, and li. ti in r 
 to the Tender under wliicL it was to l.i pnid 
 have considered that there can t)f> no iji-ipulc 
 re<,'ard to ipiaiitities of work exectit>.'d. if tli- 
 deci.sion of tlic Eu<,'in?er final as to qmutifi' 
 he spei'dily .srtlle.l liy a re mcasureuient hy 
 Work are ruade hi'fore the work is coniiic" 
 structures as tlicy ur.' cvfcuted, no uiaterLJ 
 jiartii's; in fact, as re,;:ja,(l.s (piautitics, tn ■, 
 
 ;o endless di-putes, owinj:; to ditTerenco of 
 •!■ . r, in regard first, to the quantities of each 
 'ird to the classification of items according 
 lor," Imt the Commissioners do not seem to 
 i lii'tween the F^nsineer and Contractor in 
 Contract as is usual in such cases, makes tho 
 . hut even if it dtjcs not, the matter would 
 liotli parties. If cross-sections of tli(> earth- 
 ■ d. and exact drawing's of all mechanical 
 diiFerc'nce can p )ssilily arise lietween tlie 
 ould 1)0 acei'taine<l with mathematical 
 
 precision, wldh-, us re^'irds classification of work done, no serious did'erenee could possihiy 
 arise, if the siieplc and clear (h'linitions ;. !oj)!e,l in the original specification were 
 adhered to. 
 
 Til,- CotninisMionevs urg ■ that the certii'ir:itos of the EiiLrinoer, upon which, under the 
 system of sclu;ilu';e ])rices. Contractors are ulMir.utely to he paid, could not he founded on 
 the ^)ei-.soii:d kiiov,d,>,l:,'e of tlie Chief ILi'Jtine • ; th it the d-.ny of making these mcasure- 
 meiits womM i^raciically devolve, ai a m.ittcr 'A necessity, \i[^on the youngest Eni,'ineers, 
 who were hro'.u;!i! into imniediite eoiU'V-t wii'i the Cotitractors, and that, therefore, there 
 could he no reliance upon tiie ac-iiracy of su^-vr^s made by sucli persona, and under such 
 Circuiirjtances ; l,-,it in point of tact, the me; scroment of the works mainly (h volves on tho 
 Division Engineer and his two as<istanf i'li -ine ts, an.l no oie,' should be appointed to or 
 kei)t in either of tlieso.Oili. •(•>., without higli . ' aracter and sulfieient experience. 
 
 L iider a proper organii: if ion .and sysfeia of iii'asurements and reco-^ls, anv erronoona 
 rctjni of quantities could readily b? d -tec'. 1 by tlie District Engineer, by" the Chief 
 Engineer, or by any one else appointed by ;• ( 'ommissioneis. 
 
 The^ Commisiioners cx|)ress " their reg, I that after Engineers liavc been so long 
 engaged in prei)aring tl:o f)lans, and have h.nd necessarily so many months opportunity to 
 judge of the si;:03 of tlie streams, an.l of oV: ining information on the subject from the 
 people in the country, they .-ire now unable to -ive anything like definite ii'iformation as 
 to the size of tlie structures fo be put up." it is but right to say in repiv, that tho 
 Eugineer.s iiave been bul a short timj pri';. i.-ing the jjlans, most of their time has been 
 eni^age.l in m.ddiig exploration;, preliminary surveys, and sub;;equently iii locatini; tlio 
 hue; wlien so eng.aged, the Engine-is were :• hh m more than a few days in one locality, 
 a.i 1 they have ha.' no opportunity of observi ,:r the flood level of tlie streams. It isonlV* 
 111 the spring when the water channels are il- ).kd with melted snow, r.n.l after the line is 
 locate.1 and divided into Districts, a:;.] after District, Dl\isi.ai, and Assist.mt E 
 
 rcsnoe 
 
 .ngmeers 
 
 ive been apj)ointcd, au 1 stationed at th.ir .l':Tei-ont posts, that the nece£..sary information 
 '—jctiiis; streams can properly be obtained. I am now taking steps to' procure this 
 
 infurniati.)ii, but tlie opportunity never p.rese-iteii itself bcf. ire. I may add, that as rc^raids 
 many of the streams to be spanned, vo have DOt liad the advantage which a scLlk.i country 
 aQords. In that case, information of some kind, even if not entirely accurate or reliable, 
 
rrin hiT olitaiiii'l from tVr- iiihaMtmts ; Imt tlic s!to«i nf rmnr of tin' l)nil:,">Ji aii'l riilvfrtil 
 <i;i this liui", :ir>' in plu^'ps wlicrc tlioii" nrc no iulri'iitnnt-,, nml wIi't •, tlioivforc, iiifdriiia- 
 lioii of till" clnriii-to!' of tlit- .stream to lip sii::n'iPil is not ol)t:iiii.it)!o in thf ncii,'li'")i-ho').l. 
 
 'I'!ii' Coiiinii.ssioiK rs ex[)n'sx tlioiiisolvcs .'it ft loss to inul'^rstiml upon whit jirinii|'l>! 
 i)ii> p'-viis iirn ni:sil(^ to sliow culverts :unl hriilijos of vaiyiii:; ai/is anil tliiroMsiniis, if fho 
 ii<;t;c-is;iry iiil'ariiiatipn hxs not airt'a.'ly ln-on jiroouro.l, but the liri l^'v ) anil ciilviM-ts ninrl •■! 
 on tlip plans c(\nnot be umlcrstood to bn detertrined on. Tlioy arc m.irkoil of f;u'ii 
 varying hizcs an<l iliinfusl'^ns, ns the locatin^r rn :inpors under tlio circum.stan'.c'i nlii\ci 
 ilcscvi'icd conjectiiroil, with the very limited information they ]>03.ir?spd, niij^'ht 1>c suit.aMc ; 
 nml they are only '^iven to oiriblo con t-nc tors to form S'lnu- idr'a of whnt niijdit possibly 
 bf; rfijuircd, in order tlmt tli<-y n\i;i!ht makf thi'ir calcvilitions nnl nrrniqemrnts with 
 ri'giird to tlio s:ii;iply of r.tono and othvr niutcriftls. 
 
 TliP Commissionri'S arc of ojiinion that to att^nip'; to rnrry on' tlio sysicni of s,-lK'd'il<^ 
 Iiii;^ns would ^f.x-l '<< itivixl.'r, and thi'v malci- this d'''i'!;iratiiiTunfiri' cnipliatic, by rcpcatinc; 
 i! in another part of tiieir pap'T in almost th" sam'> form, but I confess f do not s-e how 
 tlir.L is ].'v;slble, when il i-> the very essence and fo\indatio:i of tho system in question, 
 that no Work shall bo doii'^ except what the Commispionors wish, and that the Contract .^r 
 shall be paid for wliat IxO does, and that only, aiid paid a', the pricj whic'.i by Tender is 
 fixed as the lowest at which it can be done. 
 
 "The Commi-isiimers lirlievo from the examination that they hare made, and tli-^ jdani 
 and profiles pr.>pared, that Contractors will have nodilTiculty whatever in fortning their own 
 opinion as to the amount of work to be executed uj)on each hection," but no intendin<» 
 Contractor can possibly know more of the work to be done than tho Kntrlncf rs who havo 
 been engaged on thi; survey, and at tho present moment even they can do little more than 
 make a guess at the quantities, how then can intending Contractors arrive at a closer 
 residt 1 Many of them have never been on the '.,'roiind at all, and not a few of those 
 who have visited the localities have driven rapidly along tho public road, only catching 
 glimpses of tho line at intervals. 
 
 The Comraisslonors are of opinion that " parties would br" found to tender, on a 
 sehfldule of prices wdio have no experience or knowledge of the work which thoy would 
 Lave to execute, tl.oy would put in tenders at ver_v low pric©.s per yard for the diff'.Tcnt 
 description of work, trusting to be able in the long run to establish claims for 'extras,' 
 and to use polUi.-al influence to got such eltim-i :''!owe 1 ;" thoy say '■ tli t acconlin',' to 
 the e laJitlous of contract, and the contract w'iii !i t'le Commissioner; propose to havo 
 execitod, all such clams will b? rendered i'r'.p'^ssii'ie, tho contractor beiiig cenipellod by 
 tlie terms of his contract ti) complete th" v.-o-k f>r the specific sum "at which //'' tcmlrrs to 
 do il." I think I havv' pretty conclusively proved in tho letter which f had the honor to 
 a Idres-i to you on the 27tli day of January last that the result would be diametrically 
 Oi>p isito. Th' Kjhodule system does not admit of extras. A lump s;;m contr.ict, unless 
 i^ clearly and mi'.iut-jly describes everything inteaded 1 1 be ilone inv.ariably leads to thctn. 
 Tt mav almost be lail down as an axiom that evL'i'ythiug which is not p.articularly define 1 
 in the spo'^itication or represented on the plans, will be claimed to be outside of the 
 contract, and therefore constitute what is call^'d extra work. Experience goci to ]irove 
 that no contract, howjver stringently worded, can d»b,ir a contractor from obtaining 
 compensation for work dune in excess of what is shown on the [dans, or otherwisj defined. 
 In the case in question, much of the work c.innot bo defined, bocau.se what is actually 
 rcqiurc.! is not yet known. 
 
 The Commissioners say that the Great Western Iliilway cost not hia than .'')0 per 
 cent, beyond tho amount it was originally sujiposed it would cost, and they ascribe this 
 excess to the fiet that tho "contracts spocitied no definite sum for wliich tho works were 
 t) bo constru''ted," being "the same course which Mr. Fleming [u-oposcs to adopt in 
 regard to th? Intercolonial Railway." Tiie Groat Western may have cost .'^0 per cent, 
 more thin th»« l']ngineor'3 estimate, but it does not follow that letting it by a schedule of 
 pri 'es was the cause. It is, indo,- 1, highly probable that had t!ic Directors of that 
 Company placed tho work under lump sum contracts (with the insufficient data which 
 
thoy liail ill tlirir possession at tlin tini 
 .'.111 in;; constri:'.-:! m) ; tliis linn vroiil.l liavp < 
 ;T.'Ut (Ic;il iiiot,'. Tlie ;iclv:irif:iL,'('ij (if tllc SV;; 
 iirciinist.inrf'M Ukc t'los" in tlic prosont ciis. , 
 the Gro.it W.st'>ri R;iil\v:iy, arc suiriciont t,' 
 
 nrera estimato was ma.lo l^w pur|M.«fly, in 
 ro the cjiisf ruction of tiif> work, «ii.l it' was 
 ,1' nian.iL.'Lmriit during eonstnirtion was not 
 may, the ])irtX'tors pvo tlu'ir exjilaration 
 vreaso of cost in tlicir r(>|ioit dated Sejit. 
 ii^h an extract i.s annoxe.l, it ^iil l.o seen 
 ''es<!, l,ut I do not p(>rceivo that the schedulo 
 ainh- allude to it, Imt not to oondenm it or 
 
 at. 1 ^itli all tlie chanfres that wrro m.id« 
 ^t fir 111 illation, arlitration, and extras a 
 ni of letting l)y schedule of prices under 
 otwithstaadin.e what may have occurred on 
 
 ,.„.,, I ... , , . •; ■" ''^1''" i' '" ^'-iiid "II i;g o^vn merit.", ; l,ut it 
 
 1. s,a..-el^ Uxr to l-nn;; tho cost of the ( reat We.s.ern lt,ulvvar over the Kn.'ineer's 
 -tnuate a.s a char^-e againgt chin syste.u. It vas generally l.VlMved l.v those not 
 
 \ci-t^<\ with thi.s onijuny that tliu I'av .,--•• 
 
 r to got tlio stock talc n u[<. an.l thus ^"i 
 iiisi coniiMoidy lui'lorstood :;t tho tinio tliat t 
 n." tho most p.Tfeet description ; be thi.) a.s i( 
 C'th'-^ various c:ius.'- whir), j,.,! to tli" brge i 
 •. l^")l ; l.y refer.'nc..' to this report, of wl; 
 li.at they give a variety of re.i.sons for thi-, e- 
 em of contract i.^. one of them. Thev ce: 
 ^ . resa regret -hat the lump sum system ha.i not'heen lidopt'ed. 'J'liev 'dLsapprove of th« 
 p. m of p.ay„:g diiferent prices for diTcront l:i;,ds of eartliwork ; and iil thi.s 1 .ullv a-rc« 
 uh tliem. • ° 
 
 Tho Commls.siono,^ give in their p,n,., r a short extract from the I^eport of the 
 ■Divco tors of the (,reat Western Eailv.ay allr led to, :.ut as I am desirous that vou .'d,ould 
 ir,> 1,0 full..3t uiformation on every point rhich bears on tho important .niostion u;.d»r 
 ■Moderation I have appended to this loti.r tho whole of that portion of the Report 
 vkicli r. furs to tho subject mentioned l.v Ih.' Conimi.'.sioners. 
 
 On reading this docum..nt you will" find that the Directors of tho Great Wcstera 
 tiiUN ay attribute.1 tho increased cost oft he; rl^noiibove all previou<i calculations to an 
 mportarit change m the route of tl.e railway. ]W this change tho line, instead of 
 ollowmg tho level table lan.l from Niagara .'alls in a direct lino to Detroit, was carried 
 ovvn tho mountain si.lo t,i tho level of Lake Ontario at Hamilton, ami in consermenco to 
 i-^ena .again to its ongmal position ; tlur involving tlie construction of enormouslv 
 v;.onsivo works over forty-two miles, and whirh were not originally contemidatcd. 
 
 I hey also give as another rca.son an on' Mordinarv advance which took place in tho 
 n.y 01 material, land, labour, provision? for men liud horees, and in evervthin- relating 
 p t.iec.ns.ruction of a railway. Tliey al-o state that the iron and poniKmen'r wav cost 
 -•ro.i .leal more than was originally calculMe 1. TheV sav that a vorv lari:o in.'-reaso 
 .o'. pl"co in tho supply of rolling st<x-k. Thoy further intimate that they were le.l 
 ' i:iy iiy l.ismg their or.-in:il ealeulations of cost on estimates of quantities which they 
 M.iii-e,! th- hn.^,„,eor t.) fui-uisli before accurate .lata was obtaine.l. Th.^v .ad.luco other 
 ■'^onswliy their line of railway co-*t so mu.-!, nioro than tho Engineer's original estimate 
 It. 1 I read their report correctly, they .1,. n.,t s.ay that the schedule system of contract 
 13 tho main reason or any one of tJie reesois. 
 
 The C.mmis.Ionors allege that -^ so .stro:.-,'ly dLl tho Great Western Company feel 
 
 . of tlieir contracts f.jr tho main line, that 
 :ii iramilton to Toronto they lot it for a 
 I when the state of the surveys was far les.s 
 ■|ose iiortions of the Intercolonial Railway 
 il 
 
 1'^ nii,,tako w'lich they ha.l made in tho leti 
 
 h':-n they came to construct iheir br.-iiii'h fn 
 m[) .sma without any sche.lulo of prices, .-n; 
 
 tisfactory an.l forw;iV.l than is the cas.; "f,)r 
 
 .w to b,. let. Til the same w.ay, wli.n il,ey subserinentlv let the con tract' for tlio 
 .,.n„.t,on o. their Sarnia llraiuh, th.y a.lv'od tho li.ni]. sum principle and aban.lone.l 
 
 e scho,]uIe of prices. lu loMi these ca-.s namely, the Jlamilton and Toronto and 
 
 •ni.a J.ranchos, the ^yorks were coi.,plete.l . n tho terms of tho contract an.l for a lump 
 
 |m, aii.l no .serious .b.pute arose aft.M'wards m tvgard to claims for extras." 
 
 i le Jfamilt,.,! .and T.^ronto R.ailway, .iK hough now purehase.l by and incorporated 
 11 . lie . , reat \\ ostern Itailway C.inpany, ^^Ms originally established by anotlier Comnanv 
 -isun.ler..;to.,datthe time that tliis hit!-, r Comp.^nv entered into a private contract 
 tl- ^''"/V'"''" '''"o'l'^'' <-''-'ntractor to custruct an.! completely finish tlie line for a 
 tarn nxcd lump sum, one of the primary conditions of this couti-act was, that bo should 
 

 1- Ui.^se rirciinistancps, it is not difficult to 
 ;■■ his (.wu iiric-i for iluiuu' tli ' work wliich 
 
 • woiulcr.'d at, tlmt no sorioui disinuen nroso 
 
 • loutlv jiasseil into tlio Imnils o{ tlie Chvat 
 ' I aiu correct in statin;,' tli;tt altLough tho 
 'or r. fixed round snin, it cost not Itss than 
 rnia Urancli 1 ludifvc \\a.s similiirly let liy 
 1 tlie works of construction wero notoriously 
 
 vont sections of tho Grand Ti '.ink Railway 
 
 were ■ill '(^.nrrucU^i'ftntdio 1-^!^ of s™<' per niilc, anil in no case was work executed 
 on a i-ehe,l.de of prices." I'm th,-. chief co^ ractors on the C.rund Irunk were, as on cry 
 one k.'.ws, Ihe f.iv^r.^ers of tl'.e Company ai I hod to find the capital, wlaU- the contracts 
 for the ae-;inl .onstrurtic v. of liie work were 
 usual way tli^'t .-u.-ii w>rls s;v executed, a 
 acjreemonts. compiieiit contracLoi.s liavii 
 
 suliscrihe tho caj.ital of the rornpany. I'ni' 
 perceive that he w-as in a pusiiion to st!pul 
 was virtually his otrn irnri:, and it is i;ot to 
 in arrivin,!,' at a settlement. This line snUs^ 
 Western Itailway C'otnpany, and I I'eliev. 
 oriu'inal contnu'toi- uiuiertook to linish u 
 i?4UO,000 ill addition to complete i!. The '' 
 private contract at a very large pri''0, althouL 
 
 Tho Co-i'iuiissiiacra sav tiiat "the 
 
 s a rule l.asca on (piantities and prices in the 
 1 they were generally entered into as private 
 been sch'Cted to perform tl" work at 
 
 .tailway fiom St. John. \. P.., to_r>an;j;or in 
 :io.se ahove described and very different from 
 ■ ay. The contractors eriip' >yed to execute 
 ■Tactical knowledge an.i iute^-rity ; private 
 :i were believed to be riiniunerative by both 
 
 remunerative prices. 
 
 With roi'nrd to the Western Kxtensi' ■! 
 Maine. The circumstances were not unlik(' 
 those which obtain on tlie Intercolonial Kail 
 the work were selected on ;u-count of their 
 
 bargains were made with them at jirices whi -- - 
 
 parties, an.l on terms con.si.lered n.utually advautag.'cus. Inere was no public com- 
 petition in this ca,se, tl,.' contracts were let ,,, on the Grand Irunk lanhv..y by private 
 
 ^'*'" In reference to the contract fo,- a p-rtV:, of the Wellington, Gray, and Bruce Ilailwaj 
 which the Comniis..ioner.. s.iv has recently been made for a lump sum, I n.::y say tliat th,| 
 contract was let exactly on ihe .-vstom which I 'uivo dca-nhed as the Knghsh sv.-t_e„,. _ A Hi 
 of quantities w.is prepared and submitted to Cn,e raetors. To this they apphcl their price., and 
 thus m..le up a bulk sum. A .<-lud;ile of prie >s aceomp.i.ied their tender a.- a ;ru;de lor p;,y 
 ment. of work pertlawd, the svstcm isexpl:n^.! in thefollrmingclms.^ m the tmns ol cot.tu^^^^^^ 
 
 " Whilst this contract is let in the ibrm v.: a - bulk sum contract the whole ol the work 
 " is to 6,. „•„«//,/ paid for accordin.j t, t/o' Srhr.l.l.' .rpriccs ultachollo thr Lontmctors 
 "ten,l:'r." Approximate measnreiuiMits will b ■ made by the J,!i-iiieer eur 
 '•usual monthlv e>timatc.>^. and on the comjilcti 
 
 of the work, tiie wli 
 1).' slie'vn tliat .ui 
 
 '.;il 
 
 iit'i fer the 
 ccurateiv 
 
 ■'■".; 
 !ltr;et 
 
 sv^icin. 
 
 lifii. 
 'iiiecircum-.: 
 
 iiliii - tli:;l aroM 
 'ine-; \,!iicli bc;ir 
 
 "measured and p.dd i'or at the Schedule price 
 
 AVitli re;::;rd to l!ie Piet-.u llnilway it cm 
 on this liii(> were atnibut ible to t'.ie' jump sum ( 
 on the ([uestion were thoe. 
 
 Soon :ift'T the leVi-hituro ii: d decided t 
 contractors, more e-]«'ei;oly perh;i]is the litter, 
 oommenc'd. they could i et w.'iit .until the : 
 
 actU:i!ly iuvited'bei'ere tl" line w:;- lec.lled. . 
 
 conlr.icis The l^roviiice of Xnvi Scotia hi ^ 
 
 railway coiineclin- II dii'.x with Tri-ro and :\' ii.d.-or, by the l,„„p sum c..n:r,-t y..,em, an. 
 it was notorious th,:t th- c uitractors en this li'. liad succeed, d ;!i ol,f,min;r 1 rge sums beyot.. 
 their contract prices and thtis iv:'.iized hanus<ii' ■ profit.' 
 (^.iu:act^ on the rietou Line, v.-ere av.- 
 
 build the H'ii'',v;iy, tho public and intrndin: 
 ■c.'imo exceed!". 1y i,mp:itiea{ to li.-i\e the work 
 veV was jivojierly conqileled. Teiuh'rs wen 
 I'ji ,it number of pers'its exn^cted or ilesirni 
 ,.; .lirrt till!' 1' I'ove biiiU ; ii.;ut '.Mt miles 
 
 n'. 'i'he Work went on ^i^'V 
 
 ■tlier idO siiiali. 1 he .'-P' 
 
 and t!ie wo'k in conseipe 
 
 of the sys'i in pie\ iou.>l; 
 
 o be so a' ' 
 I. 
 
 for their luliiliiio 
 
 prices w^re altoe:. 
 
 admit of extras 
 
 el-arly the fn ii 
 
 sum svsteiit, and it '.vas f 
 
 'J'he Com rnineiit of Xo\a Seotia sii 
 
 ■0 to the lov.est bid'iers a'ld senirity take.-, 
 a time, but it -vas soon dif.Covered the.l th 
 ■,;ioiis v.-crc litriet, the svsiem w(.uM ;. 
 .0 e.ime lo u :;a:iil. Tlds dilVieulty wa 
 in the IVovinee, '. i.'. the luini 
 
 ,1 ' 
 
 .-.doptc 
 ■ time, 
 lueiulv too 
 
 \ 
 
 Pictou liuilwav, but it was the lump sum loULiaci 
 
 k otlur nutans of finishing tlif 
 
 tiiej llien euieieil iiitO, liu:^ 
 

 ficiilt to 
 k wliich 
 en arose 
 u' Great 
 )iigh tlio 
 ths tLau 
 y lot hy 
 oriovisly 
 
 UiiilNvay 
 ixccuteJ 
 as every 
 ontracts 
 r-s ill tlie 
 i ])rivatc 
 ;s'urk at 
 
 an^or in 
 Jilt from 
 execute 
 [irivato 
 l)y both 
 lie com- 
 • private 
 
 Iiailwnj 
 
 tliat this 
 
 A BiO 
 
 rio(_'S and 
 ! i'c.r p:iy- 
 contract, 
 tlii^ work 
 itractor'i 
 for the 
 Lcuratclv 
 
 lia! nro-e 
 liich bu.ir 
 
 nti nilin; 
 the work 
 lev,-; wire 
 ir (l.':-iroii 
 I milef- ci' 
 
 .^tn, 
 
 1.! 
 
 
 II' 
 11 
 
 that til' 
 
 
 .uM :.^ 
 
 d 
 
 11 tv wa , 
 
 r. 
 
 !:o luira 
 
 Ol 
 
 
 
 linj^ til' 
 
 
 LlltO, i:'/: 1 
 
 .a. 
 
 I fruit, of a Lad system wliich 
 sum system been adopte;! at 
 
 tho schedule system, which produced sucii serious controversv in tho country and 
 
 Parliaineut. U is (^uite true that in this instance, dilll-uUiea" v.-ore c\tioriprirp<r with 
 
 the schedule system, but these 'iiirieulties •■ 
 
 h::d been adopted on the previous works. 
 
 firsL for the Pictou line, it is bclieveil thr 
 
 vince that the difficulties w-ould iiave becu 
 
 wurk would have been c:roatly eiihaiiced. 
 
 Ilaviiif; frankly ailmitted that there t 
 the sclualule .system was adopted, and indi- 
 .iiuidd also state that in advi.sing tho G( 
 mode of procceiling with the work, it was m. 
 
 •ere clearly tli. 
 
 ir.id the liiinp 
 
 '■.,'hout the length and iiroadth of the Pro 
 
 ;aci'eased ti'U-foid aiid tho total cost of the 
 
 TO difficulties on tlio Pictou Kaiiway where 
 ^tod tho ilirect cau.se of those difficulties, I 
 crnment in November last as to the best 
 , de.iire that the lutercolional Piailway should 
 profit l)y the experience gained on the Pict:;ii Railway. I felt that contractors tendering 
 fliould di^Jtinetly undorstand from the liegi. ling that the work should be executed in 
 the best inanner, that there could bo no extras, that everything done should be paid 
 for aacording to specillcation and contract / .'y. and that nothing- should be ]v.\i\ for that 
 wa.? not done. 'J'his was the object of the ap.,>cial notice to contractors published with 
 tlie first speoiiicatioii, and this v.as the aim : a I intent of the spocilicatious themselves. 
 
 I further suggested to members of the Gorerumei:t other ]M-ecaution3 which I 
 thought would bo u^^r;ful in securing comp tent contractor.^, and the^o or similar ]ire- 
 cautiois h.id they boon adopted by the (' mmissioners would, I am convinceil, liave 
 iif'cure<l goovl men to do tiie work, an.l tl: .' at prices fairlv reniuuci-ativ... conditions 
 without wliich tho result must bo extremely unsatisfittorv. 
 
 I have not referred to tho system of C':ni"acls adopt"! in the l)ui!di;i^' of the Thameii 
 Eiiibauktaen!: and to which the Commisr^i: aars .allude. I am, however pi rfectly satis- 
 lial thait w-hat 1 have, in previous letters to you, designated as the English svste'i;", is the 
 one which has been ado];ted. It is tho (,..'0 coiiimouly used in all cash contracts in 
 England, and an exception couhl .scarcely Jiave Ijoen made in tliis ;>artieular caso. I shall 
 probably, however, be able in a few weeks to .satisfy you on this point by furnishing an 
 actual copy of the form of contract used. 
 
 The Commissioners also ref.T to the Ri uiapsie Jlailv.av and tlio IFoosac Tunnel in 
 the United States. It could eaaily be show 
 wa.rks are eurirely diiferent fi'om those whi. 
 Her these contracts caiu hardly be consid. i^ 
 aain sy.stem, even if tho ciriaimstaiice.-: \ 
 aiccessfully carried out under tlu^ contraict, , 
 I'iiat this system, unless under jieculia 
 o n'coaime'id it. could be satisfoctorily cs! 
 ■arts (,f the world, but it is not necessarv ; 
 a'iaihplcs. One or two will 1k> sufficient, 
 unisof publi<' money, if not of the Dominioi 
 lavo Ijeen miik within a very rea'ait pcrioi 
 
 Tho No; ih^aai Kailw.ay of Canada wai- oi iginally contractcil for at a lump s;im |iar 
 
 lie, imludiiig rolling slock, station iu\ modation. and .-verytliiii,' supposed to bo 
 
 |ieccs.sary : bait before it wa.s w -ll in opta-ation it had a.-tuajly cost something like 
 
 "ible til" 01 i ,'inai coll! aacr s'lia. In 
 n:i;i'.'i i'.,)]!:iis in aaililio!>. lia.l to be 
 
 that the circuiusiunccs conn:-, led with these 
 
 1 e.\i,,t on tiio Iiit arcolonia.l Jiailv.-.iy, niorc- 
 
 i'bistratiiais of the a lva.n'n<,'e of the lump 
 
 re alike, unt;! tho works shall have beju 
 I 1 fir tl:e ovigio li canir.ici, sum. 
 conditions has little on the si'or.' of economy 
 
 .lishe.l by ivl'c! ai-'e to its results in ditlen nt 
 
 •:o outside the i >ominion for some familiar 
 
 I ! 
 
 L-.t ,a 
 
 .1 c'. eut.;i 
 
 only tfi thos 
 f the 
 
 in w)iic[i 
 
 hich la 
 
 I -go 
 
 ue Province of Canada, 
 It a luino 
 
 '':a's i'or it.-; original peri-lia!iK' struciun., 
 I unsafe foa puliiic traffic. 
 
 The Cobuurg and P^tcrboro' P.iilway 
 iih may be i-oiisidered hopelessly sunk, 
 a. ad a di.ia.-i! rous cnd.'pris" to the JIunici 
 ai iill ;utj utt.r ruia, and the greater ])■> 
 
 'I'lia er viiou of certain Court l[ou-;a 
 aii^^vica. iiieju tuo wcro cousufuciou 
 
 iua 
 
 ope 
 i lev. yeai-s uft(u- 
 expeuded in rob 
 
 cost sometamg 
 var.ls, about three-quarters of a 
 lildiug it and subsniuting iron 
 
 .1 , 
 
 tim! cr, wliich were tlicii in 
 
 a state of decay 
 
 .is built mainly with public money, ;dl of 
 I'l.is line was also buiit fir a lump sum. It 
 alities which had lent tlicir credit, the wholo 
 
 m of the line 1 
 
 i;;3 
 
 'n aba III lone 
 
 fir 
 
 vaars 
 
 and .r.iils in Lowvr C .■ a.hi will be well 
 ibr iuiap suiiij. Tiio Cuutractors aud tho 
 
Government were led into all kintls of ditilc-lties, a great deal of time of tlie Parliament 
 •tt-as occupied thereby, and what was origiim'ly undcitakTii luider a .slniiircut-^ contract to 
 lie completed for i<!;i'6,3(it», acuialiy cost ti.;- coui.iry c^Tt^/JTo, or iicarly 70 per cent, 
 more than the contract price. 
 
 But ])erhaps the hest known and mo.^t faniiliar illiistraticn of the systcrn and its 
 results is the erection of tlie rariiauicutary luuldings and Offices at Ottawa. ^ These, a.s 
 originally uudertr.ken, under tlii'ee contract-, were to lie built for !;068,5'J0. The actual 
 expenditure, according to the Public Accor.ut;;, exclusive of furnishing, il'c, ammints to 
 ?2',r)r2,rj3. and it will yet re(|uire an a-lditional outlay, estimated at .'~Lt>r),000, to 
 complete the main Tower aad i.il-rary, bo;!) of which were originally embi'aced in the 
 lirst contracts. These buildings were jilac h under contract fur a lump sum before the 
 most important and indispensable information was obtained with regard to what was 
 really riHpiired to be done, and in consequ. ix;, what it was originally supposed would 
 cost '!?'J.'^'-<,yt)r), involved an expenditure of s-J,7r)7,rjri, or over two million dollars in 
 exces , of the original contracts. 
 
 No doubt, in the matter of the Parliamentary Buildings, there was mucu that was 
 exceptional, but the same may yet be said of the Intercolonial Itailway before it is finally 
 completed and in operation. 
 
 When we find that in all the cases ab>.v8 rcf(.rred to, t^ic lump siiin contracts gave 
 no protection agninst claims for large additional amounts, and that wliet'ier iboso claims 
 •were just or nolUhey were allowed, it seems to follow that this system does not success- 
 fully accomplish the object for which it is in. nded, and that while it professes to afford 
 the actual cost of the work the moment the contracts are let, it would bo extremely 
 unsafe to rely upon this as the limit of the p il)lic liability. The Commissioners say that 
 with the schedule system " there could be no estimate of what each section would cost 
 until it was completed," but I think it follow, s from what has already been urged, that 
 this statement is mucli more applicable to the system of luuij) sums, with the addition 
 that the public liability is not ascertained even on the comi)letion of the works, and 
 sometimes even not for years afterwards, till the amounts are settled by litigation or 
 arbitration. While, as regards tlie other system, tlie amount of liability may be estimated 
 Butlieientlv cluse for .all practical purposes, s( on after the tenders are received. 
 
 With regard to the Parliamentary Bui! iings at Ottawa, I should add that althougli 
 commenced under stringent lumjisumcontrae; v itwas found necessary afterancnormous sum 
 of money liad been expended, to pay for theii- 1 rection by measurement and .schedule prices. 
 
 If "the system proposed by the Conin;i,siouers l)e tried, 1 apprehend that the same 
 course must," in the long run," be resorted to in the IiiLercolonial Hallway, but unfur- 
 tunatelv this will involve an entire change in the contracts, as the Commissioners hayo 
 e.'^pungod from my specillcation of works all the clauses which are nect ssary for clearly 
 delining the vario"us classes of work, and how they should be measured, as we.l as other 
 conditions which I considered neces.sary to introduce to prevent disputes. 
 
 In mv ]>revious hitters to you, I d ^scri'^ed the mode in wliieli co-itracts are lee ia 
 England. " iMy object was to p("int out that the schedule system recommended by me was 
 
 jiractie:dly the same, (at least, as fir as the ■• ■ . i .1 
 
 would admit), as the system c •mmoaly adoj 
 being that the contracLOi- was assureii on tei 
 at lixed rates and according to clearly diilii 
 required to jierform, and for ihut only. 
 
 The Commissioners allirm that I am nl 
 contract system, and that the plan proposed 
 one univei-sallv adojitcd. 
 
 The Coiumissioners may be quite cor. .-ct in this, Lut it seems most certainly a; 
 variance with all the information in my pos ession. 
 
 I have in both my pi'evious letters (J. luary Slid and January 27th.) described iit 
 some length what I conceive the English co. tract system to be, and i ueud scarcely do so 
 
 cuUar circu'iistancis of the case in question 
 .,■(1 in England, the leading principle in both 
 dering for the' weirk that he slu)uld be p.aiJ 
 i rules for all the v.vv]i. which he might bo 
 
 igethcr mistaktn with regard to the EnglisL 
 bv them for the Intercolonial Hallway is the 
 
•linmcnt 
 tiuct to 
 cr cent. 
 
 ;uk1 its 
 'hose, as 
 
 aetuul 
 lunts to 
 ,000, to 
 
 1 in thu 
 fore tliu 
 lat was 
 I would 
 ilLirs in 
 
 hat was 
 s finally 
 
 :ts j;avc 
 i eiaims 
 succcss- 
 to afford 
 :tremfly 
 say that 
 uld cost 
 ;od, that 
 addition 
 rks, and 
 ation or 
 stimated 
 
 lUhougli 
 lous sum 
 
 ■ prices, 
 lie same 
 It unt'or 
 ers have 
 r clear 
 
 as other 
 
 re lee i 
 
 ■ uie w.'ki 
 qu( slioii 
 .' in Inilh 
 
 lie pail] 
 night bo 
 
 ! En-lis 
 ay is tlio 
 
 lalnly at 
 
 .■rilied lit 
 ely do so 
 
 e.ahi:;r:is .iz,,t":;:;-£:;/; j :sSi.r j-r^r^'Y r ''''-■ ^^^^ 
 
 WeonLetor™.v ; t" linu ti s"ir"^ - > --cnaied " Tho i'M of Works." 
 at a total amount ; h s fo r, t b S of l' e"'r'\^'"" "' \'' l"'"^'^' ^"^^' ^'^"« -•"^^•^ 
 i. actually porfn-nU tlurnX^ti^w^n^V S51^.k; 'a^^^^^ 
 deduction is made at the schedule prices ^iven in til!; Jo^^t^^r ,:""'"' ^''^'"'^ "'" 
 
 lli.3, a3 1 understand it, embraces the leading principle on wh c V„A Cr. , . 
 connnonly lotin England, there are doubtless e.xcrptu n ' uc" a, t '^ vLb 1 ''f "'t 
 to in my letter of tii'^ 2nd Jmuarv H^t 1,,,^ .,« } i T T ^"''^ ^ referred 
 
 common Form of Tender and I'.ill rf , .Vf ^ ill>'^ti,Uion to select from a great number, a 
 
 or deducted and allowed for, bv oo fi 
 
 i neo.l scarcely say that this form is varied in different ens<.c, .,n 1 1 ... T.r 
 
 ttm '0 mil,., i" i .," i r^; ";; '■■...,■"."".». 1. .1.0 co,„t,-„..lio„ ..fa ll,il„,„ 1,^ 
 
 L.M,o i..,;."'a'i ,,; ■, "lt":T."."°.° ,":';•,"■" •»-',.:"•:... ..f .l,. .-„,k ■»; 
 
 luiuiUe (lelr.il, ;in.! 
 
 the f^-Ho.i,i!Si::^:t\;nii;ttn;:7co;:;r^=''^''^- -^'^ '^- ^ ^-^ 
 
 «^-av. iiat 't w'l^Hirdl:::^ l;rt v'Ivt^'" f^';,"" ^''^ °'" "^'^'^ ^'^-^^^ '■'•°-'^' - ^^ ^''^- ■» -y 
 
 i' ■ ■ ■ ilinik ht, tu; wlioio of t le Works releried In in <lio 's, .>.;i; „ + • j 
 
 io— 2 
 
10 
 
 List of T'ri 'JS appeudi'il Lurut i. 
 
 V.;T.naj;will 1.0 received uuU ss ac.,mpanie,l by the ^^hc.lulo "M;';^;;^ -(^J 
 and fullv mado up. and no contract ^vill bo euter.d u.u, una! it .sbab b.sc been txaimned 
 
 ""'^JKl^'urwiuttXuponthn Eaglnoer's Certificate to the amount of 90 per 
 cent. 4r X value of the wo.'-k so measured up fro.u time to ^T^^^^^^^^ 
 pleU'd lo the .salisfactiou <,f the Engineer; the v.ork so uica.mrcd sa..ll be valueu according 
 
 hereto "hall include labor and materiaU unles, otherwi,o specially si^^cihed in the case of 
 
 ^^ '^Et^S; to include in his T.nder tj.e following .or^^ :^:^':ZfZ 
 to time be required, but the precise nature and posmon of ^''^ J ™^^;\'jXkte 
 defined In he event of anv portion of them not being required then /^^^^ ?'7^^° 
 Jy the Schedule of prices, will be deducted from the amount due to the Contractor. -(Hm 
 faUou's achlitional quantities not included in B%U qt Works.) ,.i,„„ 
 
 ^'"%he Company reserve the right of altering the works m any ---r ^^ey 
 ♦v;t,U fiK nnd such Alteration shall not invalidate the contract ; * the quantities o, 
 
 wo?k so al rXwlfth^^^^^^^^^^ or below the original quantities shall be ascertained anc 
 
 altered sliill be considered and settled as tlie tru(! amount of the contract. 
 
 Icon leasiTvfurnishadditionalevidenceillustrativeof the English system, bu 
 
 think I Se ^bmitted sufficient to convince you that I had -- ^^^^"t i^iheTntre. 
 it as I did in mv previous letters to vou, aud that the same pnncip e win h in the intere 
 of the WnTo'n'l advocated as the'proper one for the '^^--^^:^:^^ 
 commonly adopted in the mother country in contracts for l■all^^ays '" ' "^' f T^^^"^^ '^^^^ 
 The'Commissioners in their paper refer to an engmeermg question ^vluch it is prope 
 
 ^"^°?icimissioners are unquestionably right in the opinion that it wouhl be fal 
 
 towi uiitU th7experience of at least one spring freshet will afford some proof that no: 
 
 "' * mtfi^nurS^rUe a point of great importance, the Commis^ners wiU, 
 think ,1 don me for desiring on the score of economy to avoid the opposite mistake 
 Si the'ructures a great deal larger than necessary, or of a character least suital 
 
 "^■^ ^rSmmissioners s^em to have been advised that it i. . -;:^^- J^^J^^P? 
 tance as resranls cost, what kind of structure is adoj.ted for the p: ssage ot th« water a 
 Stirrelard to culverts, the most r.'.'liei..us plan is to build what are known as Be, 
 cXe^or open bridges' instead of' arched openings covered by '^-the™ eniWkmen 
 Thv IwCr eem to luive been advised, that when an embankment reache^ 40 fe.t 
 
 -^^^-t^tr:s^t^^s^o^^^^ 
 
 find it sou d no be empioved in any form in anv railway works ^V^'^'f " i ition 
 
 have arrived S-t 
 
 rill (frniili 
 
 l>i which will be readily appreciated, viz. 
 
 1. An 
 
 embaukment,wlieu"ouce properly made and cousoUdated. may. huiu*i. 
 
11 
 
 speaking, be consi.lered evtrlastinp;, and in this respect far better than any bridge or 
 
 viaduct, whatever b« the material ciii)>loyed in tlioii- construction. 
 
 2. An embankmont, properly consulid.ibi.l a!id comj.lcted, costs nothing to keep up; 
 whilst bridges recjuiry constantly to be lookeil after, and, if made of perishable materials, 
 to be renewed periodically. 
 
 3. An embankment, as a rule, is more eooi^micfd than a mechanical structure, unless 
 the latter be one of the most temporary and perishable kind. 
 
 In proof that an einLankment, in addition to its other recommendations, is absolutely 
 cheaper than a viaduct for all ordinary heij^hts and under all ordinary circumstances I 
 submit tlie following tabular comparison of the relative cost of an embankment and of a 
 Tiaduct, each 1000 feet in lengtli, and for various elevations. 
 
 The several kin.hs of work are calculated at ordinary and fair prices in each case, the 
 piers and abutments are of nia,soury, and to make the comparison complete, in the table 
 will be found the estimated cost of wooden as well as iron viaducts, of various spans as 
 well as heiglits. 
 
 Height of 
 
 Embankment 
 
 or Vi'vduct. 
 
 Cost of 
 Erobiinkmeut. 
 
 Iron Viaiiui t, 
 
 .Spans 100 feet. 
 
 Iron Viaduct, 
 Spans .50 fei-t. 
 
 Wooden Truss, 
 Spans 100 feet. 
 
 Wooden TruM 
 Spans 50 feet. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 30 
 40 
 .50 
 00 
 70 
 80 
 
 8 cts. 
 
 21,000 00 
 .•M,6(W 00 
 51.666 00 
 72,000 00 
 95, (W6 00 
 122,666 00 
 
 8 eta. 
 
 94,.360 00 
 106,610 00 
 11 9,. 392 (JO 
 132,706 00 
 146,74S 0(J 
 101,120 00 
 
 9 cts. 
 
 84,0C)4 00 
 101,4.52 00 
 119,946 00 
 139,798 00 
 160,952 00 
 183,702 00 
 
 9 cts. 
 
 62,666 00 
 74,160 00 
 86,060 00 
 98,744 00 
 112,030 00 
 125,946 00 
 
 8 cts. 
 
 63,264 00 
 
 79,056 00 
 
 95,688 00 
 
 114,210 00 
 
 133,768 00 
 
 154,922 00 
 
 From this it will be seen that the not cost of an embankment 40 feet high and 1 000 
 Ifeet in length is under 835,000, whilst a viaduct with a wooden tuperstructure on stone 
 Ipiers would co«t from 874,000 to $79,000, or more than double. 
 
 I As to the relative <lurability of a .solid embankment and of a timber structure or 
 Ithe economy of maintaing them, tliere really can be no comparison ' 
 
 I To show th.1t it is really a matter of some conse<pience, that the fullest information 
 ■respecting the gi-eatest volume of water in streams should be obtained before the character 
 ■of structures IS determined on, and that it is not at all consistent with true economy 
 ■either to act in a haphazard way, or on the prineij.le of erring on the safe side, by making 
 all the waterways much l-.irger than neces.sary, I will now show the . .imperative cost 
 of structures of various kinds. 
 
 Taking a 40 feet einliankment, and calculating the rpiantitv of masonry in each at 
 Ihe s.amc j.nce per yard, the comparative cost would be as follows. ' 
 
 A box culvert. 2 ft. G in. by 2ft. G in j!] o^q 
 
 An aicli culvert, 4 ft. sp.an", by 5ft. 1) in. high in the clear ...... ""s'sso 
 
 An arch culvert of fi ft. span by 7 ft. high 4 170 
 
 An arch culvert ol" 10 ft. span hy 11 ft. high . . ' .' 7joo 
 
 A beam cidvort, two veiucd walls with stringers of .iinb^T 17,500 
 
 These figures show very clearly tl.,it the si-e „f .t .stre,.,m i.s a question of no little 
 importance, a.ul o.i. wiueli cai.hoL veiy ■■■.■a be disj.osed of, ximi.tv br mjiMnc all the 
 |u'u.;tu.vs ,,. o,;r size ai,d character. If a stream wer,:- such "tV. a culvert costin<r 
 vi^O, would .duns ^unple pa.s.sa,'e ^^ay for all the water that will , ver in the course of 
 patun; run tlirought it, it would be unwise and wasteful to build a culvert th.at would 
 *4. 1.70 or !i57,400, still more so to erect a structure that would omt nn l,.«a a — "- 
 
■^.n^^f, 
 
 ^M^ 
 
 12 
 
 stronins, tlioso for wliic-h inidor any ciiTuiiih^mrrs, a 
 a-.ic'vo v.".i!(l 1" •|ui'<' l;n-/" i'im.ii'1:, nM(l iii:>ko an 
 estimate of tlio cost of a culvert i.f this sizo for .lili'.-n-nt heights of emliaakment, ami 
 niaki! a conijiarisdu with th(! cost of an open heam culverr foi- th(! saiuo lioijjhts of om- 
 baukmeut, we shall sec the I'oUowini,' very striking ditl'eienecn. 
 
 Ai'ain, if we take vri'v 
 a c'h;ar ^Klter^vav of '2 I'l. 
 
 sin;ii 
 
 i i'l. 
 
 Height of Emhankment. 
 
 Open 
 
 5 
 
 fe 
 
 •t. 
 
 10 
 
 fe 
 
 et. 
 
 20 
 
 feet. 
 
 30 
 
 fe 
 
 ■t. 
 
 40 
 
 feet. 
 
 Beam Culvert, 
 f 130 
 1,010 
 4,(»40 
 
 0,-2OO 
 17,500 
 
 Box 
 
 Culvert. 
 $310 
 
 4S0 
 
 810 
 1,113 
 1.280 
 
 If these calculations are well founded, it v. ill l)f! ohvious how inipnrtnTit it is, Ix'fore 
 coming to any di eisiou as to the size and character of a hi itlgo or cnlvert to ho adopted, 
 at any given pl.ice, to he in po.ssi'ssioii of tlif information upon which alone such a 
 decision conld safely !»■ haseil. If made too small the cost is entirely lost, a'ld tlio re-con- 
 struction more exii'ensive th.in Imihling it of the right dimensions in the first instance, 
 while if hull: unnecessarily large, the loss is much greater tlian without 'accurate calcu- 
 lation could be su|>i)osed. An excess in either way is great want of economy and should 
 be avoided if pe-:siM(>. 
 
 Although it niay seem of little or no consequence to a non-professional man, what 
 kind or ehaiacter of structure is erected, the .ibove will satisfy you, and 1 am glsd the 
 Commissioners have raised the question, that it) is really a matter of very grave import- 
 ance. You will readily perceive that th9 fullest ]iossiblo information resiiccting what the 
 circumstances of each case requires, should tiiist be obtained before the character of the 
 structure should br finally decided on, and until this is done, until wliat is wanted is known, 
 no contract shoiihl be entered into, except one on the ])i-incip!e of the schedule system. 
 
 I h;!ve now made all the observations I consider necessary respecting the statements 
 which the Commissioners were jileased to submit to the (Joveinment. in reply to my 
 un-otlieial leit'r to you, ihited January 2nd last. I need scarcely say that my opinion 
 remains unehmgel with regard to the princii)h' upon which the contracts should be baseel. 
 There is one point however which I should allude to before closing this letter, and it is 
 this : Teii'i.'is consisting simply of a schedule of pi ices and no more, would not on the face 
 of them give any idea ^f tic pi'obable cost of the work to bo done, and although I have 
 shown howthe lelative value of tendersof this kind maybecorrt tlyascertaine;l,I admit that 
 ciCon-il.T.ible number of them would cause some delay in making the computations and 
 compa.-isons. If tliis bo an objection it could easily be removed liy furnishing contractors 
 witii a statement of ipiantities mads up roughl}- froja the best data ol)t:!incd. stu-li us the 
 approximate estimates in thtf possession of 'he Commissioners, ami re(pairing each party 
 tendering to money out these quantities each with his own prices, exactly as in Hngland. 
 This wouhl transfer to the contractors the o])eration of calculating the amounts, which, 
 tmder the first ]d-iii, would V)f done by the cL'i-ks in the Commi v-iouors ( lil'ice. 
 
 I weuld farther sug;;est, that although it is iiiipes>iM,. v.ith our present Information, 
 to pr* pare a statement of (pr.i unties with any pretensions to accuracy, every care should 
 be taken that the i|uantities furnished eontractoi's should be ample to cover every possible 
 contingeii' y, that thev should in fiet be m<'xumiin <jU((itt!tiiS. 
 
 If this Were d me. not <inly w )'ild tli,.' Commissioners on receipt of tli" tenders b(» ablo 
 to judge .;f (!i ■!!• rehitive value, i.ut 'lOth tin Ml »i;d tile ( hivei-niiii'iit would know the 
 ^z/av/'ovM'/o //.''''■'//','// i„c»i-)r(/ by each contract. It w<'U]d then be the dutf of the Coin- 
 mis-.ioners and tli' I'higineer to take advantiig-' of inl'onp ii mhi gniiiei! liy far' li-r survevs 
 and of e\ca",' eirciimstance which would tend to reihici' the (piantities actually exeiaiteil in 
 the work without impairing its ellieieney. The contract would ]irovide for this ns in the 
 Kimlish eontrai'ts, and the contractor would be paid for all that he ai-tually peiformed »t 
 hi.s own prices?, ami fur that only. 
 
•^1.^ 
 
 It 
 
 Tliis niodifio.l plan of carrying out tho Schednln system in connection with the Inter- 
 colonial K:.ilw:uis, I tliiuk, wortiiy .,f consiilorfttion, it'wuul.i muct fullv the onlvobjectiona 
 rrasoil hy tho C'omniissionprs, while it would avoid the i)eri)lcxing ditlicultie* to wiiich the 
 lump sum system will be sure to lead, and which I have so fiequently alluded to in my 
 previous Icttirs. 
 
 It isjuBt pc.ssihlo that I mayover rate these difficulties or perhaps looking at tho 
 matter from an Knirineer's point of view, I may see difficulties which may not strike with 
 equal force tho minds of pei-sons who have not" practically had to deal with such questions 
 professionally ; he that as it may, I would havo considered myself wanting in my duty to 
 the Government, had I not laid. before you my honest convictions on matters which I 
 conceive of threat public imjwrtance. 
 
 In conclusion I may say that if I have urged the views I hold with earnestness and 
 vigor, it is liecause [ am strong in my opinion of their soundness. 
 
 Having done so I sliall have discliarged my duty, but I shall consider it equally my 
 duty faithfully to carry out to tho best of my ability any svstem which tho Commissioners 
 with the sanction of the Oovcrnment think tit to adopt. 
 
 I shall certainly not allow my preference for any other system to interfere in 
 the slightest degree with my making every effort to give •tfect to tho wishes and 
 views of the Government, so as to give the system adopted, whatever it m^ be tho 
 fullest opportunity of success. 
 
 I have the honor to b« Sir, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 Sandford Flemiso, 
 
 Intercolonial Railway Office, 
 
 Halifax, March 10th, 1869. 
 
 E.XTR.VCT from the published Report of the Directors, Great Western Railway of Canada, 
 dated September 21)th, 1854, referred to in Mr. FLEMiN(i's letter of 10th March, 1869* 
 to Sir John A. Macdo.\.\ld, K.C.B. (See foot note, page U.) ' 
 
 ''The total cost of the line and i)lant having so much exceeded all previous 
 
 calculations, the Directors will endeavour to explain tho causes which led to this large 
 
 increase of cest. 
 
 " The original estimate of the line was made several years ago, when the price of 
 labor, materials, land, and everything relating to the construction of a railway was 
 extremely low in Canada. It appears that the estimate was framed upon the a.ssumption 
 that the line starting from the Falls of Niagara, about 100 feet below the level of Lake 
 hrie, woiild keep on that level, and so hfive not much rise to overcome in reaching the 
 Detroit River. It seems also, that no detailed surveys ;md estimates of quantities was 
 then made. 
 
 " A year or two .after this, the then Engineer reported that he thought the line could 
 be carried through for the sum originally estimated. 
 
 "It appears tliat even at that time no detailed and accurate surveys and measure- 
 ments had lieen made, as many parts of the line where not even finally "located, but the 
 engineia- was instructed to show in rletail the exact cost of every jart of the line 
 It IS nec'ssary here to mention that in IS.M and 1852, contracts f.u' the con.struction of 
 the wli.ijc of the li;ie had been let t.) various parties, })ased upon i.lans and profiles made 
 at that lime, and ••..■itaiuing stipulations that tlio contractors would iirocecd with the 
 works when ordered to do so. th.'se contracts will be hereafter referred to. 
 
 "The ibove mentioned R«port was received in September, 1S52, and uliewed that 
 I the cost of the line, exclusive of land, ii.terest. !!i:i;rii.'emont. Szc... woidd rTro^A ihr. fSi— ^ 
 I estimate by about £300,000 currency.' It had always been ' understood that the Gr^t 
 

 
 u 
 
 Western Railway would bn noaily at easily conatniotcil as the lines in the prairies of the 
 west, ami that it's cost ivould therofore Ijcar ^,omctllin(^ like a prujiortion to the cost of 
 those Western Hallways, l.ut sudi tiirn'-d </u; n.jt to l.e the c;i3c, as will appoar from th« 
 foUowinj,' extract froui a Kci>uit laadc in June, IS')Z, by the then Engineer of tha 
 
 Companj, viz. : 
 
 " ' Fioni a pictty larj,'i! experience, both professionally and as a contractor on 
 'public works, I Lad" sui>pi).sed myself f.iailar with many hard and diliictdt points of 
 'execution, but 1 am fully satistied that with the exccjition of rock excavation, more 
 'ditlicult t)bat;u'l(.s and inveterate, and extended in there character, are seldom found even 
 ' on ftB extended lines as the Great We*t<'rn, than are encountered between Niagara Falls 
 ' and Wiiulsoi'.' 
 
 "In proof of this it may bo remarked that the original design of the line to keep on 
 the hi^h giounds, ."OO to tOO feet above the ievel of Lake Ontario, was changed, and 
 it was determined that the line should strike the Lower Lake at Hamilton. To accomplish 
 this, the liuj is brought gradually down thb side of what is termed the mountain which 
 forms, it is aaiipused, tli" original boundary^ of Lake Ontario. The works on this part of 
 the line are %ery heavy indeed, as appears from a return of the cost of the first 18 miles 
 from Niagara Falls, tliis portion without land, rolling stock, or any <'liarge but the mere 
 cost of the line itself, has reached the largo sum of £17,900 currency jjcr mile. This 
 brings the line to the level of Hamilton, where extensive station grounils, with large 
 water frontige, have been secured (about 30 acres), which were once covered with water 
 and have now been filled in with earth, from ILunilton the line rises about 800 feet abovt 
 the level of Laka Ontario, and lor about 30 miles has very heavy work indeed. 
 
 " The cost of 24 miles of the line from Hamilton Westward, again exclusive of 
 land, Rolling Stock, Ac, has reached £21,500 currency per mile. 
 
 *"Tho contracts before alluded to and under which the line has principally been 
 'constructed, must now be explained, first premising that in their general features they 
 'are similar to most railway contracts in America, upon the model of which 'h^ 
 'were framed by Engineers "and others who h.ave been concerned in the construction 
 ' of railways in that country. These contracts are wholly dissimilai to English contracts 
 ' they spei-ifv no defined sum which the works nre to be constructed for, but the price 
 'is fixed in "this way. They contained clauses which ])rovide that the different kinda 
 ' of work .shall be executed" at certain prices per yard, no word being said about the 
 'whole (juantity or gross number of yards comprised in each Contract, for instance, 
 ' the contract runs thus : 
 
 " For indurated earth ( ) cents i)er yard, measured in excavation. 
 
 " Common 
 
 " Hard tan " 
 
 " Rock 
 
 " Masonry 
 
 " I'nckwork 
 
 " ]'.ridging 
 
 dollars per yard 
 
 u it a 
 
 " 1000 ft. B. M. 
 
 'and so on for all tlio different kinds of work which the contractor may liave to ex- 
 'ecute on i'oriiiiu.' tlie part of the line let to him.** The paying of diil'erent prices 
 for different kinds of earth is obviously a liad one, borause disjuites almost impossible 
 of a clear and satisfactory solution in\ariably ariie as to the exact (luantities of tlie 
 ditfererit kinds of muterinl, but it must be at once o'lvi.a-.s that the only ]in)per guide 
 with such contracts as to the whol' co.->t of the line must entirely depend upon 
 accunite nvi-uremuiits of tlie (juaniily of work to be p 'rforined. 
 
 " Ai'tei- tlie I'^ngineer's Report of SepteniUe;-, l,"^.':.', before rrferred to, a change 
 took place in the Lngineeriiig Department, and in June, lij.J3, the then Engineer 
 
 • — *• ThU portion only ia quoted by the Coramissioneri in their paper dated ilCth January, ISC'J. 
 
16 
 
 Tn .MtV '"^'"V'" f^t''',!'" Jx-^'l c-a'i.se,! cu.-.ful .stinmU^s to b., made of the 
 
 qu.intUK.s anacu.t ot every part of the liU3-the co,t bein^ based upon the prices contained 
 m the eouf •..c-t,. lus re,. ,rt Hhow-d t!>.t the a -.-re^^.te cost of the lino woti d. according, to 
 Lis calculations, oxe,.ed the e.tun Ue rendered in S.-pten.ber, IS.li', bv about i:34OOO0 
 
 ofkU" Jwr" ^'^-V'-'-rr'/''^'."'^?^'^'"'-'^"'^'-^ advance 'took place in the co.t 
 of labor, provisions, matenais, land, and m l.vd a!m>st evervthin;,' in ("ariada, and this 
 
 Contrver^ i;:"!''"'";' "'^/ -^l--tu.nte effect upon the cost Jf (ireat Western itulwl;^ 
 tha^ .,nl ft ^^^^f^l^''-^^^ (uecessanly) m most case- men of small capital, and it is cleir 
 that unless they get renuinera ,ve pnees for their work they are unable t, cirrv if forward 
 
 wTiu'V '"'' "T ^""'-^ ^';'" '" 1-y their men, i.uy provisions for ho mn and 
 horses, purchase materials and implements out of th« money they monthly receive from 
 the Company on ac-count of the estimates of th- work they hive done ThoVesult of Z 
 u that when a contractor failed as many of them did, the only course to purs.L was to ri 
 et the work, at prices which would enable them to be carried L. 'Ais a pi d pecuLly 
 to a 1 mechanical work, such as masonry, b,•id,^an.^ ic. The wages of Skilled ^labourera 
 having risen to an enormous price, :is also the price of timber and iron 
 
 '■ It must also bo mentioned that in many instances the character of the mocha' ical 
 structures has been much improved, therebv .uldii.g to the cost moctia..ical 
 
 " It is easily to be seen how tiiese various fact.^ten.led to increa^ic the cost of the line 
 but in adJi ion o this it now appears that the estimated quantities of work fal n lulny 
 cases considerably below the actual fact. ' 
 
 yards.' ^"' ''''*^"'' '' "°'' ''^'^"''"'' ^^''^ ^^"^ earthworks was short estimated by about 000,000 
 
 B. m" ■^'^ *^° '*"" °^ ''"''sing there has been an under estimate of upwards of 2,300,000 fact 
 
 "The cost of the station buildings will exceed the estimate by about 8(30 000 
 In sup..rstructuro that i.s th-. cost of iron, sleepers, spikes, ic. , and lavin<r them there 
 
 first ctt ' \r, ^"°" 'r'"u '" '"'^ "'^'•'^ '^^^^'"^^^•^ '"^^ -''^ -^re put down rthe 
 first cost nj\ ales, and no allowance made for tra.isportation, insurance or duties, In 
 the report of June, l8o3. the Engmeer endeavour.nl to remedv this omission and made 
 out what he supposed then to be liberal allowances for these items. ]}ut his ^akulat on^ 
 have oeen greatly upset by the large increase in price before referred to as lu v ng taken 
 
 vaiious dUlerent points, making it necess^iry to cart it along miserable roads from the 
 various ports on Lake Erie, Ontario, and St. Clair, to the li^i, of ra^'way adde very 
 
 iutt'b?/rVr' "h'"">'"? ^"''- •'''" ^^-^^"^^ "' '^'•'"^'^^ '^■^^-^^'-' i- ^-'' 1853 turS 
 mi e^o i i n \^]Y^''^^'!> requirements of the tradio, it was then estimated that 17 
 
 ml so .idings wou d U^ sufficient, but as there are n.-.v S.i stations, with the certainty of 
 a ^ ery large freight traffic, it is perfectly clear that far more will be needed 
 
 to tl,.'irl?''°^/'' T''"" *^' '' '' ""' "'''''' ^'"" ^^"''''"^^'-^ in this country to add a percentage 
 lldnotT-f •. [ "Tl"^ •^-^'"'f-' ''"t the fact .hews that extra iills whifS 
 tTn eneit ' '^^:'"'' ?"'n ''"' '"""'^ ''""' >^^tim,t^d except in the shape of con- 
 
 tini.,nues, have been p.tssed oy the kngmeer to the amount of upwards of $300 000. 
 
 ihe cost of the land is another iwia of inerea.se, asising to a lar-re extent from the 
 great progress ot the country and the prospects of large tni^c, shewing tt'fecesTty of 
 requiring more land at stations Llian was at lirst anticipated. Tne cost of land was Lt 
 estimated at about .£20,').)(,. It will cost in all about .£175,000 curr^ncv 
 
 taken iJltl"''^ 'JUr" ^^'",' ''""' I' ^^'^^ "^ '■'^"^"- '^^'"'^ ''^'''^ ^ ^■^■'T I'^rge increase haa 
 necLsl, ;. i '; "'"^ "V '^^I*';"'^^''^'^ t" I""«^ ""t that tin's expenditure, when really 
 necessdn, , as m tais ease is the best expenditure than can bo incurred. 
 
 i'J. 
 
16 
 
 E.NOLIHU Furin of IVu.l.T r.'f.nv.l to in Mr. ri,KMiN«'.s Ifiu-r of lOlli March, 1809, to 
 
 Sir Juiis A. Macdoxai.h, K.C.13. 
 
 L(JND0N, DRKIUTON, AND SOUTH COAST RAILWAY, 
 
 SOUTH LONDON, TOOTING, AND SUTTON JUNCTION LINES. 
 
 Tender fou Works. 
 To the Director! of the London, Brljhlon, and South Coast Railway Company. 
 
 Gbktlemen, 
 I (or wf) 
 
 of 
 
 do hereby agree 
 and und.'rtiike to provide nil tho materials and laVwnr, and to execute all the works 
 re-iuired in the construction, conipK tion, and maintenance of tho intended new Line of 
 Railway tx^tween Peckham and Sutton, including the intermediate Junction Lines, and 
 the altJndi(m of tho Oroy,lon and Wimbledon Line, being a total len-th of eleven miles 
 and seventy-ei'ht chains, or thereabout, witliin tho time and upon the terms and conditions 
 stipulated in tho spe(-i{lcation, and in strict accordance with tho plans, sections, drawings, 
 and lis' >f (piantities exhibited to me (or us) for the sum of -£ .say pounds 
 
 And I (or we) further agree that all additions to, and alter.itions and omraissions in 
 the works hereby contracted for shall bo valued and paid for to , or 
 
 deducte.1 and allowed fm- by , as the case may require aero ;-c/*»'7 to tht 
 
 tcveral prices set opposite to each description of work in the Schedule of pnas h,reunto 
 
 anne-ccd. , , ^ , , 
 
 And, in case this Tender shall be accepted, hereby undertake to execute a contract 
 deed to be j.repared by your solicitor in accordance with the terms of the aforesaid 
 apecitication, within two" weeks from this date, or as soon thereafter a.s may be required 
 by you so to do. 
 
 And wo propose :SIr. , of , and ^Ir. , 
 
 of , as sureties for the due performance of such contract. 
 
 And, further, undertake that thev shall, within one week after receiving notice from 
 you so to do, execvite a Bond, to 1)0 j.repared by your Solicitors conditional for that 
 purpose in a penal sum e [Ual in amount to 10 per cent, on the said sum of .£ . 
 
 And lastly do hereby agree and undertake that in c^use said contract and 
 
 Bond shailbe executed by ' and , said two sureties, within 
 
 the time above mentioned, the London, Brighton, ami South Coast Railway Company 
 shall not (unless thev tliink fit) be bound by this Tender and Contract, but the same 
 shall be absolutely n'ul and void if so desired by the said Company, nor shall they in such 
 
 case be liable to any claim fioin 
 
 done, or of materials and plant then delivered by 
 
 intended contract. 
 
 And witaesg hand this 3rd day of January, 18G5. 
 
 Contractors' signature 
 
 Address • 
 
 in respect of any work* then already 
 ' upon the site of the 
 
^mM 
 
 lik^icrfT £..«;. 
 
 IT 
 
 SOUTH LONDON. 100X1X0. AND SUTTOX JUXCTION LINES. 
 
 liiLL OF Quantities. 
 
 '^'%^;^:''!;w::t:^:;:;:;v r' i; ■ ri:':rf -: -'■ -'^^ -r-^ '- ^l, execution 
 
 has hem co,i.i,uto.l. '^.'o'-eijat.,. a.uoui.t of tho foregoing Tender 
 
 ■i'.(M)t\ linoal yanl« 
 h.riim ,1,, 
 
 i.HK)' 
 
 I, Jim; 
 
 :i,."ilH; 
 
 .!.",! I : 
 
 'J.II(MI> 
 10 
 
 111 
 
 .I.J 
 >l.) 
 (I.) 
 <l> 
 
 .1.. 
 
 S. 
 
 ■ ; }..iich |.o,,t ami f,,tir rail f,.iiciii« 
 
 ■ '•■•ivli !„.Ht ,„.l till,,. r:iil f,.n,.in- :.■;■; 
 
 . ...i.u' h ,,v f.vt Urch |.,,l,,,;i,l.. i,.i,cin.^ . 
 
 . t...iii.'li «u t«t ol„s.- ,H,anl i,.,„ i,,;; . 
 
 ■ 'k park ,.a :„.:, n i.i, >,:,k cvcn,^ :, f.,a i;!;,), ; ; ; ; ; 
 
 : '\^n;"•u,l :;;,;■;";; ;;' rv? ' ,",:'"^-,''''""'""'<*^'''"' ^^-^^ 
 
 . , ^^ r" « 1 pa .,1 aii.l paMit.d t; f^.^t fccii,- . . 
 
 i I »itc !i iiioiiii.l ;,nil .|iii, k wta 
 
 , ■ . 1- lU-l'.t ;>iU p.,;„t. .1 „ak Hti 1 KaiJJ 
 
 ^^'^:p;'^r..:::t:!'i^-r:r ^'' ^'^^-'^ -"^ --i«;ai;a in »unk 
 
 „ ■-' -,..;,. vanis i.rv" Li r ;.':;" 'r,r'7''V"'^'r' '"'^7 ■"""' 1 " ° "^ 
 
 (M 111,11 Mii,„-rtr,-;-,i ,• ,. i ••■ '''I '''" 'I'li'n at h.irk ct walis ,-,iu .ri.l'cM 
 
 M'lv'ilJ'l culjic y;irJs . 
 
 .':.",()ii(i' 
 
 ■i'-'.'I'JIl! 
 
 L''l,i|ill» 
 II^.IKMI 
 ."i.llilO 
 I'-ii lint. 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 d yarj.i. 
 ■vards 
 
 100,000 
 11,0(10 
 
 upcrtiLi.d 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 42,000 cul.ir 
 
 ].! Ill /I) 
 
 l.'M 
 l.L'o 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 do 
 
 do 
 .-A y. 
 
 var. 
 
 },.^id. .M.taiu,;,_,.oad ap|,roa.li.s,an,l yard, IS .ucUi-s 'thkk Vi;;;j' 
 J .-. o>i. ,.1 !,oth n.., Hi>,t a„d f,;rav.l 'J in. '" ""'^' 
 
 ;''^'cfe 4 ?;f: s:^;;:^;fe-r' >="■'- ■■• '^■-^^ ^-i and 
 
 ^"i ''"•■■' i»-i^|w,„k ju^rcy lime ;uortar ".'. I ' 
 
 .\rl "l"''^ u-i, kwork iM l.lu,. li,,. ,„ ,rtar. . 
 
 ■'■"' ''*"<.• c hiKkwo.k in I'ortland comeut . : ' 
 
 ! '-»t ■^tocU l,,„.kw,,rk ,n cvtia thirl.nr,^ in tunm-U ' 
 
 ^'"'"''i^-s'-zi::^':':''^'''' ''^'''' '-^^'^^^'"^' 
 
 -.-;.., ..Herd y^rd;',;ii!^-^;;^^;^;!:::^;;,:r:tl-!'^;:il-s^^ ^ov 
 
 :ii. ;Tu^k;;;!;:t;;y;;nH:'' """t"''^^'™-«-'tMwhiwbrick.;::;!;; 
 
 L'.oiii) 
 
 ;1V1,H 
 
 '■"ii cuMc vard.i 
 ■'10 do 
 
 per 
 
 'I' 
 
 ',lll».) 
 
 uperfu.ua feet. .;(;„t and nibbed work .n ar^i.es'and'^roinr ' ' 
 i.u V V r I • ■ • ' : "'"o''/"Y "■'; "^^ '" '"'".V mortar ... 
 
 1. ■■",-•••■'■" ■' o,:v lu pnnv mortar . 
 
 i umide'' w d','" ':"''*f?'^ "' "■'»• "I- tiiJk pjintHi ;::;■■■■ 
 
 13—3 ' '■ " "" 
 

 'm;A 
 
 18 
 
 Rill or Qlantities. — Continued. 
 
 02 
 
 8,S 
 
 N.>. 
 No. 
 
 4,200 lineal feet... 
 1,000 lineal yarda. 
 700 do 
 
 T.Tra r..tt,i arch k. ys (V. O. .-W)!, each 
 
 'I'llT^l ('-11:1 liw.liilli.,li» [l'. •'. ■-'.'), t:ull 
 
 IVrra t'ottioii'jn i.araiict.t (!'• *■' ■ ■"'), piT dot lineal 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 1,000 
 1,000 
 
 2,noo 
 
 i,{)oo: 
 
 1,2IK), 
 
 .' Stuff. )riI-iUire blue liriLk ci.in,' fnr iuirai.<t ,11 inches I,/ 4j 
 
 I inches ,•••■;•■;;' 
 
 . .St,.tf.ir.l-hirc l.hiu brick .' pin- f .r i-.i'.il.ct-i Is inches l,ylj 
 
 i inclics j 
 
 do Stiitf.mlshire liiillnu«d hhie luick cojiing f r iil:itf"ri:i U^ 
 
 I inchc.s hy ineiic-< i 
 
 do Drain iiiis's 1 J ini Uc.i iliinnctcr, ini luilin,' hcn.l.s, \l j 
 
 do ....! do y 'l'> '1" i 
 
 di) ....' .!■. (In a.. J 
 
 d,) ... H.ilf round jii.'K s 'I do inchidini' Lends, ftc. laid in [niddle^ 
 
 5,000 cutiic feet I'r.tiiilv FmU st..i. • in imjio.^t.-, inc'.ndin'4 1'l.Tin f.icc work j 
 
 28,000. do II llinu'tnn .slonc, .ishliir, und otli.r «..rk, including plaiuj 
 
 j . f 'c • worl: . ; j 
 
 20,000^ do 1-atii stone topin^r, caps, strings, Ac. including jduin face 
 
 ! I work 
 
 12,000'9uperfioial f^et. . Moulded and circular IooKmI work (lahour only) 
 
 6001 do . . Yorkshire self faced i.avini; :t inches thick j 
 
 2o| No. ; Kxtra Idiour on sphrriciil Hnials j 
 
 r>(X) lineal feet < 'haiufored nml tooU-.l jointj j 
 
 1,0<KI .superficial yards (Jranite jii teller i' ivin;; 
 
 2,000 lineal feet.". l'url>eck stone curliin;; 1-' iiiehei hy inches. . . 
 
 .5001 do Cranite stone ciirliin'< 12 inches hy 'J inches 
 
 CJAM cubic yards Cipucrcte in foumUiti-ns 
 
 .■i.OOO; (lo f 'oncrete in b.ickinir .ind counterfoils - 
 
 12,000'sui)orticif.l yards Co.ititi:' .rcli.-i w.tli ;'..ph:iU- .in' f^M om- inch tliick | 
 
 9,(MW do .. Taking' out an 1 pointin.' s.. Hit t' arches i 
 
 6,000 cubic feet I.M.niel timber in sleepers, nailing joists and creusuted and 
 
 1 ! fixed I- 
 
 2,500| do .Meinel tindMT in K'n.'ik'e and sheet jules, creosoted, hooped.! j 
 
 I I sh'id. and driven, includin,' iron work j... j 
 
 : 6,0001 do Ditto, includiii',' lon-itudinals and joints bumettized and tixedj 
 
 2,000| do Pitto, wr.c,i:_dit, framed. pai:ited, and ti.Msl 
 
 JS.OOiJ superficial feet. . Three inch plankin;,' burnettized and fixed ]■-. 
 
 TOOdineal feet IMoulded oak copiii;,' to parapets 9 inches by 1 inches, p.ainted ' 
 
 I I and fixed • 
 
 6,000 superficial feet. . One inch matched ami bcailed boarding wrought and fixed. . . 
 
 300 tons < 'ast iron work in lieavy castin).'s fixed and painted 
 
 l:i0] do l>itto on light castings 'five.l and painted 
 
 fi'iO do Il)itt() on orn.Lniental eastings fixed and painted 
 
 KV) do Wrought iron in girders, joist-s, iic. hxi d and laiuteil 
 
 20! do Ditto, in bolts, straps, ties, &.•. fixed and painted 
 
 1,,10() superficial feet. . iCJalvanized corrugated iron, N.>. IS guage, fixed in par.apet . . 
 
 3,000j do '•"'■:'•■■ .Ditto, curved and fixed as being on rest posts of tunnel 
 
 2,000 iauperficial yards Tainting two coats in )ilain colours 
 
 l.OOOi do . . 1 lironzing iron work, inelndiug two first coats plain 
 
 ."i tons iLe; in joints. Ha -'ulng. ftc 
 
 1,500 superficial feet . . < 'roggon's i^itent .-isplialie 1 felt 1 inch thick 
 
 46,000 lineal yard". . . . 'Smgle line of perinanent way laid cunijilet' 
 
 11,000 
 40 
 10 
 10 
 20 
 
 do 
 No. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 12 
 
 fntennediate way laid coniplet 
 
 Sets of points and crossings laid complete (laying only) 
 
 Ditto, three throw and crossings, ditto 
 
 Diamond crcjssings ditt<j 
 
 .Single ditto 
 
 Montiis maintenance of tlie whole of the Works after completion 
 and opening for public traffic 
 Total . 
 
rn^rn 
 
 19 
 
 Bill of Qv\stitizs.— Continued 
 
 Provisions. 
 
 i)rnam.-iit;U bridgta vi.nlucti* and tunnel 
 
 lOontractor to provide ad follows, viz 
 i*or citrvin,' i|, ^fni.' ti 
 
 I ^ fi.>.,tj 
 
 For .•xtra<.^^l in lutt.'-rns of V.riliimJntal' w'orkj ■.■'"; 
 
 Tor cirryiMK -orks ovit and ui.diT otlu-r railuay, 
 
 ^or r..n,ov,„;,. a.M n l,„iMia^. uw. L.-i^dum l.an,, ...y. 
 
 ^:^:t^l::L 'a'':: ""*" ^"^"^ ^'""^ -" ^ower 
 
 I'or diviT^i,., „f traffic on froydon and ' VVindill-don Line 
 
 inclii,Uii„' watcIiinH and BiL-n':ijlin.' 
 Works ° 
 
 diiriii;; pro^-n-ns of the 
 
 ^or pn-pariiiK oopicH and ditail dra« in-s 
 
 for taKin- l,,.nM,'s ..r .sinking, trial h .lea 
 
 For satin,' .i..tA..rk< and yiving lev.U 
 tor oHicv lor ln^pi\t.irs 
 For tfni|.orary roads and a<.v.V<i'to works 
 ^or watcli.njr. li-liti,.;,-, a,i,l M-nallini? 
 forintcrl. r.iiLV witli and making l'o 
 wati f iii:m-..^ .... ,.;. ^.1 ,11 Vt ^ . 
 
 Fi.rol.ta 
 
 i.r pi 
 
 „, „ ■<■.'' •'" •'■''i^'tin^ Kaa '.nd 
 ■ - iinil all culvert seWers and drainu 
 
 F„r fees l , 1 n-'^IT'li 'T-' '"■•"■'tV''''^ ''"•"''' ""^ api,fo.%,;h;H: 
 ror Ills lo 1,„ al ],nr.[i, ve.strien. and snrveyora . ' 
 
 I^orcleann;,' the „ToMiid as .specified , 
 
 i'or law e...ts nf contract and hond I 
 
 tor takin- out .|oantities and measurini,' up works ! 
 
 For printing and lith..-rai)hy . t 
 
 I'or all other contingencies whatsoever ..'.'.'". I 
 
 TOT.VL AllOCXT OF Tli.VDEB . 
 
 '''^'<^cZ:ii':^:^ift^'^Z:uoTXr'''''''''^ '" '■" "-'^ *"'— ^'^ p'-icca «„</ ^,.,ed out .•„ 
 

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