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BRIT

Cum

HISTORY

OF TIIK

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY,

FliOJI ITS INTOliPORATION, IN' TIIK SKVKNTEKSTII CHNTrHY,
TO THE rnivSKNT TIME

m i|

INCLUDING

% gduKcb gcj^ort of i^t Compiinn's IproacbingS

lOR THE

CIVILIZATION AND CONVERSION

INDIANS, BLACKS, AND PAGANS

IN THli

DOMINION OP CANADA,

BRITISH COLUMBIA, TIIK WEST INDIES, AND S. AFRICA,

DUIUNO THE TWO YEARS

1869-1870.

COMI'LETED AM) I'KINIKU lOB ClKCt'LATlO.V AMONO TUB MkMBKUS 09 THK CoM^^f
BY DIBECTIO.N OP THE OeNBBAL CoUHT, UELD 13tU DkcBMBEB, 18,0, \.

LONDON :
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND CO., LITTLE QUKEN STREET.

1871.

: s R 3

I 77/

p.,

.n ■/'-''/

CONTENTS,

Date of Fomulntion, otc. .
OfllccrH .....
I^rcinhora .....
]\lissioiiarit's and School Teachers
Correspondents ....
Preface

1019

1G.')8.
1053—1(557.

1053.
1053.
1000.

7 Feb. 1001-2.
1002

.Inly, 1003.
1002-5.

loss.

1070.
1095.
1711.

1715.

Ordinance of Long Parliament for ere

ating a New England Corporation
Money collected

Littleton's annuity ...
Purchases at Eriswell and in London

and at Pluinstead .
Bedingfield's contract
Bedingfleld's conveyance .
On the Restoration, Tiedingfield repu

diates his snle
Cliarter of Iiu"or|'ioration .
New England Company's suit against

Bedinjjfield
Decree .....
Conveyances to the N. E. Co.
Sale of Littleton's annuity
PiJioyer's annuity
Boy k'\s annuity ( BrafFerton rent-charge)
Dr. Daniel Wijliam.s' will. Rever-
sionary devise of Essex property to

Company

Reversion of Essex proj)erty falls into
possession • • . . .

PaOK

X
X

xii

xiii

xiv

2
2

2
2
3

3
3

9
10
11
11
11
11

12
13

■:f

CONTENTS.

Further purchases by tlie Company in

MMrtlia'-; Vineyiiril, iu America
And at Eribwoll . . ■ •

E.\c*lic(]ii('r Annuity . . • •
South Sea Annuities . . • •
South Sea Stock ....

1002-1775. New Enghmd Company's Commis-
sioners in America . . • •
Eemittanccs .....
Remittances for 1775
Rennttanocs su.sj)en(le(l
Certificates paid in 1778-9
Midsummer, 1779. Certificates countermanded

Exceptional payments
Payment discontinued of Boyle's an-
nuity ,....•
178G. Resolutions under counsel's advice
against exercisinj? tlie Clmrter trusts
out of IJ is jMnjcsty's dominions
Transfer to New Brunswick
New Brunsnvick Commissioners .
Allowances to New England mission-
aries on the ground of bounty ami
compassion . . . • .
Remittances on account of Dr. AVil-

liams' trusts

1787. Supplies stopped

Counsel's opinion taken
Invetitment of balances of Dr. Wil-
liams' trust funds . . ■ •
178S. Attorney-General v. l^ondon Corp.nra-
tion. Suit as to Boyle's annuiiy .
1792. Trusts directed by Court of Chancery

for Boyle's annuity
1791. Arrears of Boyle's annuity
17SG— 1801. Remittances to New Brunswick on
account of income of Charter fund
and Boyle's annuity
1785—1808. Accumulations of Dr. Williams' In-
come ... ■ •

13
V.)
11
11
It

11
11
15
IG
10
IG
17

18
18
18

ID
19

20
20

21
21

rAOB

13
13
14
11.
It

11
li
15
IG

10
10
17

IS
18
IS

1803.

19
ID
19

20
20

1801.

1807-8.

1808.

1807.

1808— 1831-.

2 July, 1818.
1S()S_Ks;m,.

1812-13.

180S- 1S3L

1831.

July, 181,-).

Nov. 1815.

Die. 1815.

21 Nov. 1811.

Sept. 1820.
Oct. 1820.

April, 1823.

July, 1823.

( O.NTK.NT8.

Attorney. Oeiicral v. New Kii«,'laiitl
Coiupiiiiy. Iiifonnation and anawer
na to Dr. Williaiim' trusts
l'rofcedin<,'s di'iayed ....

Failure of }\v\v En^'laMil Company's

efforts in Mew liriinswiek
Otueral Ccdlin's plan of operations
adopted ......

Keinittances to New Hrunswick
Accunuilations and elianges of invest-
ments ......

Attorney-General v. New England
Company. «uit a.v, to Dr. William.^'

trust funds

Scheme for Dr. Williams' trust .
Ease.v inelosure .

• • •

Company's purchases. Essex .
» „ Suflbik .

» ft Upper Canada

Eriswell Inelosure award .
Government Annuities
Sale of houses, Fiucklersbury
Accumulations .....
raiticulaisofiVi'u England Companv's

property .....

Lords of Treasury call on New Eng-

la?ul Company for accounts
Company's answer ....
Account rendered ....
Suggestions for improving General

Collin's scheme ....
Charity Inquiry Commissioners .
Com|)any'6 answer ....

Result ......

Further account call ''j;- by Lords

of Treasury .....
Company's answer ....
Further account rendered .
New England Company's auditors

VA(iK
•)«)

23
23

23
25
25
25
20
2(J
20
27
27
27

28
29
29

31
31
32
33

33
31
31
35

CONTENTS.

I'Aoa

ISoG— IS70.

Aiiiuinl accounts printed lor incnibfrH
and rendond to Clmiitv ConiiniH-

1S20.
182;J.

1830.

Ii3
35
30

1830.

1823-1834.

1838.

1S39.

etc.

•

1839—1855.
1840—1808.
1843—1853.

1858.

1803.

1807-9.

1808-9.
1870.

1870-71.

1870.

1809-70.

Bioiiera ......

L'mita of Charter ....

A|);)lication of income in Canada
Litigation as to titlics; IMildenliall,

Sutfolk

Questions as to gnmo

Litigation between Company's servant

and the rector of Eriswell
Attorney-General v. New England

Company. Suit aa to Game, etc
Company 'a answer
Subaequeut proceedings
Decree ....
Accouuta ....
Mr. ITume'a Motion for Ectur

the New England Company
New Account-booka opened
Estimated value of the Company'a pro-
perty, and apportioinnent between

the tiiree trusta . . . .45
Changes in Company's property . 48

Accounts ..... 49-53
Suffolk property ; Mildenhail tithe

question
Mr. Christy's Motion for Returns of

the New England Company
llight of Sportii g at Eriswell let to

I'enanta ....

Sale of Eriswell Estate to the Maha

rajah I)ulee[) Singh
Essex Cottages ....
Purchase of Ground-rents in South

wark Street ....
Present property of New Englani

Company in England
Annual Income of New En<i;land Com-

pany
Accounts

54
51.

55
01

C«).\TE.NTS.

vii

rAOB

KS7U 71.

I'rt'sciit property of New fiiigliiiid

Company in ('iiniida

Mode orconductiii<.f bu.siiioss

l()(;2— 1871.

Governors of the New England Com-

pany

Treasurers

1858.

Kosolution for openinf^ a Banking ;\e-

eount ......

1823—70.

Ili.slory of tho New England Com-
pany's Proceedings in Canada and

Jamaica, and eltsewhere .

Canada. Grand River Stations

7r.

1837.

Commission, and Report on these sta-

tions ......

i8(;o.

Dr. O'Meara's Visit to these stations

18()8.

Mr. Henry John Lister's Report as to

these stations ....

18(9-70.

Detail of Proceedings at the Grand

River stations ....

Moiiawk Institution ....

101

Day-eciiools

lOi

1870.

Resolution as to Mr. Latigeviu's Act .
C\)mmission to the lion. A. E. Bots-

112

ford. Appendix vi.

115

The Hon. A. E. Botsford's Rejjort.

Appendix vii. ....

117

Separation of Missionaries' Districts .

118

18G0-70.

Extracts from the Rev. Canon Nelles'

Letters ......

122

Extracts from tlie Rev. A. Elliot's Let-

ters ......

128

1809-70.

Extracts iroiu tiie Rev. R. J. Roberts'

Letters

132

1828—1870.

Rice and Chemong Lakes Station

110

1808.

Mr. H. J. Lister's Report as to the

Cheniong Lake Settlement

151

Mr. II. J. Lister's Report as to the

Jiice Lake Settlement .

155

1809-70.

Corrcspondcuce of the Rev. E. R.

Roberta .....

150

'V\

VIII

CONTKNTS.

1821—1870.

1851— 1S70.

1S(58.

l8G{)-70.

18G7-(I{).

18G9-70.

1870.

18G9 70.

1870.

1823—1870.

18G9-70.

10th April, IGGl.

27th March, 1GG2.

1GG2— 1720.

18GS.

18G9.

18G8— 1S70.

1870.

1SG9,

1870.

Bay of (^iiiiitr St.af ion
Oardcii Kivcr Station
]\Ir. 11. .1. lii«ti'i-'8 Ui'port as to lliia

Htatiou .....
Corrt'spoiident't' of tlie Ik'v. .lame

Chance .....
Lennox Island ....
Sarnia .....
Walpolc 1 ind
lied Itiver .lottleuient
Briti.'di Coliiinbiu
West Indies ....
Soutli Africa ....
Order in Council for the Cuinpany'a

Ch.arter

Minutes of the Company's Fir.st Court
Selection from subsequent ]\[inutes
Act 31 A'ict. Cliap. A I.I I.
Act 32 & 33 Vict. Chap. VI., Mi

Langevin's Act

CorrcL^pondenee with the Canadian

(Government relating to Timber on

the Garden Itiver licscrve
Visiting iSupcrintendent's IJoport in

respect to Eoads and Bridges in the

Tusearcra lieserve
Extracts from ti)e Eeport of the Secre-
tary of State of Canada .
The Company's Commisfiion to the

Hon. A. E. Botsford
Beport of the lion. A. E. Botsford .
Extract from Keport on tlio IMnnnfrp.

ment of the Indians in British

North America, by the United States

Consul at Fort Erie

195
199

200

201
224
22G
227
229
229
230
233

235
23G
238
254

2G7

271.

280

285

307
313

352

»' \

i 1

PAUB

105
100

200

'20 1
22 1.
o>)/;

227
22i)
22J)
2;{0
2'y.i

2H5

2;u;
2:i8
254

2G7

271.

280
2S5

■I

LIST OF CANADIAN PLANS.

PKiK

Gromul rinii sliowing sitiialion of Molmwk Cluiivli, Pa
Honngo, aiKl Justi!iitioii, and Oneida School Lot . offer 71.

Ground Plan allowing siluation of Tust-arora CImrcli,
Parsonngo, and Scliool Siu-tiona, Kanyi>ageli Clinrx-h,
Parsonago. and School Sections, and Proposed Sites of
School and Schoolnia.ster\s Kcsidenee for Ca} ugas or
Onondagas „ji^^. ^^

Map showing relative situations (f Jiice Lake, Pclerboro',
and Cheniong Lake /ufaa; llJJ

Plan of Cheniong L;ike Station

offer loO

307
313

3r>2

'l!|

fcj

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

Founded by an Act of the Long Parliament
Iucuri)oi'atcd by Charter

Regulated by three Dicrcea in Chancery.

1. As to the Hon. Robert Boyle's FiiiuLs

2. „ Dr. Daniel Williams' Funds .

Charter Funds

Dated
27th July, 1619.
7th Feb. M Chas.

[II. 1GG2-3.

2:3rd April, 1792.
Sth Aug. 1808.
2Gth July, 1830.

OFFICERS, 1871.

GoVEiixoii. Elected.

MeyEK, JaMKS jjy^l, j.^„ i3(j3^

TuE.VSUIlElt.

llEvw.)on, James ISih March, 18U7.

AuujTons.

Bkowell, Edward :\]Asn 18th March, 18G7.

LisTEH, Isaac Soeey 25lh Jan. 1870.

FOKl), JOUN W 13L1, J)^.^. ly^y^

Clekk.

A^ennjno, Walteu CiiAULEa lOLh Jan. 1859.

Accountant and Assista.nt C;-ei{k.
Raci.nk, CuAiiLES FuANCis Lst August 1870.

Land Agexts.

Solly, TnoMAS E.-sex Estate.

Allen, Robert l,',.„t j,,.

:vrK?^iBERS.

Dated

July, 1619.

eb. 11 CIms.
[II. 1GG2-3.

Xprli, 1702.
.Vii^'. 1808.
lulv, 1S3U.

Nuiiies.

Address.

Dates of Election.

illecteil.
Fan. I8G8.

larcli, 1607.

darch, IS07.
an. 1870.
00. 1870.

ail. ISoU.

nust 1870.

iiHtate.
do.

Ik'll, James Spencer .... 1, Devonsliire PI., Poitluiid Tl., W. 13th May, 1857.

Bo.siinquet, James Wliatninii . 73, Lombiird Street lltli May, 1855. cj

Bowles, Ileiiry Curriiiglou Mvddeltoii House, Enfield, Middle-
Bowles se\ 23rd Dec., 18fiS.

Browell, Kdward Mash . . ,. Feltham, Hounslow 13th June, 1801.

" " ' ' ■ ■•■^^■.•18, Rutland Gate, Hyde Park, S.W. 16th May, 1800.

. 1, New S(iuare, Linculn's Inn . . SOtli J"ly, 1830.
. Ascot Place, near Winilsor . . . ITtii June, 1870.

Bury, Lord, M.P.'". v'5 ^.
Busk, Henry William . .
Busii, Wadswortli Dawson

Carter, Sir James
Cazenove, John .
Curtis, Tliomas .

Ford, Kdward ....

Ford, John VV

Fowler, Robert Nicholas, M
Fuller, Benjamin . . .
FuIKm', John, Stratton

Gibson, Tliomas Field . .
Gurney, Et. Kon. Russell, Q
Recorder of London, M.P

Harinan, John .

Hey wood, James, F.R.S.

Hoare, .John Gurney .

. Union Club, Trafaltrar .Square . . 18th March, 18G7.
.47, Pevensey Ro^id, Eastbourne .23rd Nov. 1815. a'-

■•''%

Tiie Hall, Berkhempstead . . . 13tli May, 1857. ^^- j/,\h^ l'.

Old Park, Enfield 11th May, 1855.

8, Walbrook 17th June, 1870.

P. .50, Cornhill, K.C 18th May, 1867. , , -

. Hyde House, Cliesham, Bucks . .30th October, 1838. *^' '^^ ': *^
„ „ „ 16th May, 1860.

Broadwater Down, Tunbridge Wells 22nd June, 1859.
, 8, Kensington Palace Gardens . . 3Ctli October, 1838.

.73, Lombard Street, E.C. . . . 23rd Dec., 1868.
. 26, Kensington Palace Gardens . . 25th July, 1851.
. Lombard Street, E.C 18th March, 1867.

Lawrence, Sir James Clarke,

Bart,, M.P \>i, Wcstbournc Terrace, W. . . . 17th Juiu% 1870.

Lawrence, William, Aid., M.P. . S»t, Wcstbournc 1'errace, W. . . 18th March, 1867.

Lee, Thomas Yate Kinvcr, Stourbridge, Worcester-

I shire 2nd August, 1850.

Le Breton, Francis 21, Sussex Place, Regent's Park . 13th June, 1861.

Lister Henry John The Heath, Hampstead . . . . 30th June, 1869.

Lister, Isaac Solly 3, Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C. . 18th March, 186/",

Margrave, Thomas Llanellv, Soutli Wales 30th October, 1838. -,,,, ',

Mcver, James Forty Hall, Enfield 21st July, 1818. j'^/

Milner-Gibson, Rt. Hon. T. . . 5, Hyde Park Place, W 30th October, 1838. 'J. 1/ -

Paget, Jolm 46, Euston Square 13th August, LS4L

Scott, Russell 10, Cornwall Terrace, Regeiu's Pk. ISth March, 1807.

Solly, William Hammond . . Serge Hill, Bedmont, Hcmel llcuip-

I stead, Herts 25th Jidy, 1S5L

Stratton, Samu.l Windsor Lodge, Gilston RoatI, West 22nd June, 1859.

Brompton

Twells, Philip 54, Lombard Street 25th January, ] 870. (^'-

'S/;|

W: rren, John 19, Aldermanbury

18th March, 1807.

Xll

MISSIONAEIES AND SCHOOL TEACHERS

IX CANADA.

PliOYINCE OF ONTAEIO, CANADzV.

I. Grand liiver Slalions —

Mohawk Station, Mistiionaiy .

Institution, Superintendents .

Institution, School Teacher,

Boys' Department . .

Institution, School Teaeher,

Gii'ls' De[)artincnt . .

Tuscarora Station, Missionary .

Teaclier, Day School, No. 1 .

" ))

„ 5 .

»> )>

„ G .

» »

„ 9 .

K;inyeagoli Station,

ssionarv

Teacher, Day School,

TS'o. 2 .

» J!

„ 3 .

» >»

» 7 .

» ^J

,. 8 .

Rev, Canon Nelles.

Mr. and INIra. Bouslautrh,

Thomas Griffith.

Isaac Barefoot.

Rev. Adam Elliot.

Mrs. Elizabetli Powless.

Mv. Daniel Simons.

Mrs. Y. L. Beaver.

Mr. Isaiah Josei)h.

Rev. Rebei't James Roberts.

JMr. James B. Hill.

Mr. Alexander Smitli.

]SIi^:-s Elizabeth llyndman.

Miss Henrietta iNI. Crombie.

*i^.':

11. Bice and Chrmonrf or Mitd Lakes Station.

Missionary Eev. Edward Eiudoll Roberts.

Ojibway Intcr|)retc'r .... Jaiufs Mc Cue.
Superintendent of Cliemong

School Mr. George Crook.

III. Bojj of Qninte.

Missionary Rev. Thomas Stanton.

Master of the New Enjiland

Company's School . . . Mr. Bishop.

IV. Garden Elver Station.

Missionary Rev. Jame.s Chance.

COEIIESPONDENTS IN CANADA AND ELSE-

WIIEKE.

V. Sarnia liev. Edward F. AVilson.

YI. Walpole Island . . . liev. Andrew Jamieson.

\ll. Red liivcr Settlement . The Eight Eev. the Lord

Bishop of Eupert's Land.

VIII. British Columbia . . The Eight Eev. the Lord

Bishop of Columbia.

IX. Jamaica Eev. Hubert II. Isaacs.

X. Ladies^ TVrst Indian

Education Societi/ . Miss Barney.

XL South Africa .... Miss Colenso.

■ II

XIV

PREFACE.

The following Report upon the past History and Progress
of the Company has been prepared by two or three of the
members of the Company, and completed at the request of
the Court, with a view to its being printed and circulated
among the members of the Company.

Up to the year 1869 detailed Reports have been from
time to time printed for the use of the members. The
historical account now submitted, so far as relates to the
present century, is little more than a short summary of
the printed Reports, 1829-1869. For the two last years,
1869 and 1870, the present history is given in greater de-
tail, by way of continuation of the former printed Reports.

While this work has been passing through the press,
attention has been drawn to Miss Ciiarlotte M. Yonge's
' Pioneers and Founders ; or. Recent Workers in the Mis-
sion Field.' Macmillan & Co. 1871. This lively writer
begins with a very interesting biography of " John Eliot,
the Apostle of the Red Indians." She describes very gra-
phically his labours among them from 1632 to nearly the
end of tlic 17th century, and alludes to the origin of the
Ordinance of 1619, as well as other matters connected
with the early liistory of the New England Company.

PRKFACE,

Miss Yongc says, p. 10,— "Like all practical mm,
Eliot found it absolutely necessary to do what he called
'carry on civility with religion,' i.e. iustruet the converts
in such of the arts of life as would afford them wholesome
industry/'

Her sketch of " David Braincrd, the Enthusiast" (born,
1718; died, 1717), has a more melancholy interest.

Miss Yonge refers to Jabez Sparks' 'Biography of
John Elliot,' 183G; and to Jonathan Edwards' -'Biography
of D. Braincrd.'

'I'

I (;

1019

" and

" Enj

liamc

(livon

tlie ])

godly

own ]

but n

sorcei

upon

tion (

heathi

fur the

were

school

struct

fit for

couraj

* See
from 16

Ifli

HISTORY

OV THE

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

An Act or Ordinance* of the Loiisr Parliament, passed in ,, ,.
IG 19, and intituled, " A Corporation for the promoting of Long
" and propagating the Gospel of Jesiis Christ in New f„7('miunK'
"England," recited, that the Commons of England in Par- uNewiOng.
liamcnt assembled had received ceitain intelligence that poration.
divers the heathen natives of New England had, through
the blessing of God ni)on the pious care and pains of some
godly Pinglish, who preached the Gospel to them in their
own Indian Language, not only of barbarous become civil,
but many of them forsaking their accustomed charms and
sorceries and other satanical delusions did then call
upon the name of the Lord ; and that the propaga-
tion of the Gospel of Jesus Christ amongst these poor
heathen eo^ild not be prosecuted with that expedition and
further success as was desired ; unless lit instruments
were encouraged and maintained to pursue it, universities,
schools aiul nurseries of literature, settled I'or further in-
structing and civilizing them, instruments and materials
fit for labour and clothing, with other necessaries, as en-
couragements for the best deserving among them, were

* See this Art or Uriliiiance, iMp. 4."). in iScubcU's Acts and Oidinaiiccs,
from 1610 to 1056, fol. 1658, 2iid I'art, p 06.

IIISTOllY Ol' TIIK

[1049-1057.

icr,;)

i t

Moupy col-
lected.

1053.
Littleton's
Auiiiiitv.

1653-7.

I'urcliasi's
at Eriswcll,
mill in Lon-
don, and at
I'lumstcud.

1053
Beding-
field's con-
tract.

provided, and many other tliiii;,'s necessary for so great a
work. The ordinance therefore professed to enact that there
shouhl b^ a Corporation in England, consisting of sixteen
persons, namely a President, Treasurer, and fourteen assis-
tants. '\ he first members of this Corporation were named
in the ordinance. The list included Richard Hutchinson,
William Mullins, and Edward Winslow. The Corporation
was to be called " The President and Society for the Pro-
"pagationof the Gospel in New England," and was io
have pov.er to purchase or acquire lands not exceeding
the yearly value of .C2,000, and any goods and sums of
money whatsoever. A gentM-al collection or subscription
of money was to be made through all counties, cities,
towns and i)arishcs of England and Wales for the pur-
poses of the Corjjoration.

Accordingly a very considerable sum of money (say
£11,430) was collected by voluntary subscription through-
out England and Wales, for the purposes jjointed out by
the ordinance of 1019. Under the will of William Little-
ton Esq. dated the 28th of July 1653, a rent charge of
£20 per annum, towards the propagation of the Gospel in
New England, was assured to the supposed Corporation
out of landed properly la Aston in Here (brdshire.

Before the year 1057, the supposed Corporation pur-
chased the Manor of Eriswcll, and houses and lands at
Eriswell, from Thomas Oedingfield Esq. ; and from other
vendors, three houses in Bucklersbury, London, and a
house in Knight Rider Street, otherwise Trinity Lane,
London, and a hou^e called Suffolk Place, and lands con-
taining 120 a. 1 r. or thereabouts, at Plumstead in Kent.
All these purchases cost j£l 1,130, and all have since been
sold except the Pluinstcail farm.

By his contract, date<i the 8th of August 1653, Thomas
BedingHeld had agreed to sell, for £7,000, to Richard
Hutchinson, William ]\Iullins and Edward Winslow, the
Manors of Eriswjll and Chamberlains in Eriswcll in

[10-49-1G57.

1G53- 10f)2.J

NEW ENGLAND tOMl'ANy.

30 great a
that there
of sixteen
:ccu assis-
3rc named
.itchinson,
arporation
• the Pro-
id was io
exceeding
1 sums of
ibscription
ies, cities,
the pur-

oney (say
1 throngh-
ted out ])y
am Little-
charge of
Gospel in
)r[)oration

Suffolk, and two capital messuages or manor houses and a
water-mill in Eriswell, and tlie demesne lands oi' the
Manors, consisting of 2, 4G() acres of arable land, 152 acres
of meadow and pasture land, and 17 acres of carr ground,
and two free warrens containing by estimation 2,000 acres,
and the game and stock of conies in the warrens, nnd
four fold-courses, with liberty of folding for 2,2 10 sheep,

Thomas Bcdinglield, and all other necessary parties,
executed a feoifment, dated the KJth of August 1G53,
with livery of seizin, and thereby professed to convey the
property comprised in his contract to the use of the sup-
posed Corporation and their successors for ever, and they
by his appointment, paid the purchase money on or before
tliC 23rd of November 1053 to Robert Lowther Esq.

Upon payment of the purchase money, Thomas Beding-
field quitted possession of the property, ar:l from that time
the supposed Corporation entered and received the rents
and profits until the Restoration (20 May, 16G0) of His ]\Ia-
jcsty. King Charles the Second. Thereupon, Thomas
Bcdingfield insisted that he had joined in the conveyance
to the supposed Cor[)()ration, because he hoped that he
should not be bound l)v auv conveyance made to a void
corporation, and that when His Majesty returned he
should have his lands again ; and re-entered on the pro-
perty, and received &o much as he could get of the profits.
AVhilst in such receipt, he retarded the grantitig of the
Company's present charter, and (in order to avoid the
performance of his contract of the 8th of August 1G53,)
made and executed divers trust deeds and leases affecting
the property.

"The Company for Propagation of the Gospel in New
"England and the parts adjacent in America" were in-
corporated by King Charles II. nearly two years after his
restoration. The Charter of Incorporation was dated the
7th day of February, in the l-ith year of his reign (a.d.
lGGl-2). The Charter recited, that by the several naviga-

B 2

1053.

IJcditifj;-
field's ron-
veyaucc.

lOCO.

On tlip Ke-
storat ion,
Ik'dingficld
repudiates
his sale.

Chiirtcrof
lucorporn-
tion, Feb-
ruary 7,
lGGl-2.

■r

P '

inSTOKY <i|" TIIK

[1601-2.

IfiOl

tions, (lisoovcvirs and succcssdil phintatioiis of (livers of
II. M.'a loving subjects of tlie realm of ICiiglaud, the em-
pire uud dominion of II. M. and U. M.'s roya' progeni-
tors and predecessors had, by the blessing of Almighty
God, i)cen augmented and enlarged, as well upon the main
land and continent of Ameriea as u[)on several islands aiul
promontories thereof, and that the trade and commerce
between England and those colonies and plantations had
of late years been very much increased ; and that by reason
thereof, and of the pains and industry of certain JOnglish
Ministers of the Gospel and others residing in or near
IT. M.'s colonies and plantations in New England, they
(having attained to speak the language of the heathen
natives in those parts) had, by their teaching and instruc-
tions, brought over many of them from the power of dark-
ness and the kingdom of Satan to the knowledge of the
true and only God, and to an owning a\id professing of
the Protestant religion ; and that II. M. had of late been
more fully infc;med thereof by the liumble petition of
divers Ministers and others, H. M.'s loving subjects, then
residing in H. M.'s Kingdom of England ; and that, al-
tliough a large door of hope had been tlicrcby opened to
II. M. for the glorifying of the name of Jesus Christ and
the further enlargement of his Church, yet, unless some
due and competent provision were made to lay a founda-
tion for the educating, clothing, civilizing and instructing
the poor natives, and also for the support and maintenance
of such Ministers of the Gospel, Schoolmasters and other
instruments as had been or should be set apart and cm-
ployed for the carrying on of so jjiuus and Christian a
v.'ork, the same might be much retarded, and a work so
happily begun discouiagcd ; those planters who first began
and contributed largely thereunto being of themselves un-
able to bear the wliole charge thereof. The Charter also
recited, that H. M. was resolved not only to seek the out-
ward welfare and prosperity of those colonics, by putting

i.(

i .*

[ifiKi-a.

■ divers of

(1, tlic cm-

i progcni-

Almiglity

) the main

sliinds and

commerce

itions had

; l)y reason

in I'^nglish

In or near

land, tlicy

ic heathen

id instruc-

iY of dark-

dge of the

ofessing of

late been

letition of

jccts, then

[1 that, al-

opencd to

Christ and

iless some

a founda-

nstrncting

aintcnance

and other

and em-

liristian a

a work so

first began

iselves un-

larter also

k the out-

by pntting

ir.ni 2

NEW KNOLANI) COMPAXY

nil indnstrions peo|)le into a way of trade and commerce,
that th(!y might be employed and im[)roved for their own
and the common l)enefit of II. M.'s kingdoms, bnt more
especially to eudeuvonr the g(Kul and salvation of their
iuiinortal souls, and the pul)lisliing the most glorious
Gospel of ('hrist amongst them. The Charter deeland,
that to the end that sneh M. M.'s loving subjects ns either
had already been aiding therein, or should thereafter be
wiMing to contribute thereunto, might not be discouraged
in their intended charity for want of sudicicnt aurlujrity
and patronage from II. M. faithf(dly to order and dispose
all and e\ery sum and sums of m()uey, goods, chattels,
lands, tenements or hereditaments that had been or should
be given for the purposes aforesaid, H. M. of his princely
jiiety, and for the further propagation of the Gospel of
Jesus Christ amongst the h'*athen natives in or near New
England and the parts adjacent in America, and for the
better civilizing, educating, and instructing of the said
lieathen natives in learning and the knowledge of the
true and oidy God, and in the Protestant religion already
owned and })ub!iely professed by divers of them, and for
the better encouragement of such others of them as should
embrace the same, and of them and their posterities after
them, to abide and continue in and hold fast the said pro-
iession, ordained that there was, and for ever thereafter
should be, within this II. M.'s Ki irdom of England, a
Society or Company for l'roi)agation of the Gospel in New
England and the parts adja(!cnt in America, and a[)pointed
that " our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin and
" eouneillor, Edivanl, Earl of Clurvndan, Lord Chanciilur
" of England, our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin
" and councillor, Thomas, Earl of Soulhamplon, Lord High
" Treasurer of England, our right trusty and well-beloved
" coimeillor, John, Lord Roberts, Lord Privy Seal, our
"right trusty and right well-beloved cousin and councillor,
" George, Duke of Albemarle, our right trusty and right
" well-beloved cousin and councillor James, Duke of Or-

inSTORY OP THE

[1001-2.

10(11

Bl!t

w.l

" man//, our ri^lit trusty and rijilit wcll-hclovcd cousin and
" couiicillor, Edward, Earl of Mandu'sUr, Lard ('liavihi-r-
" lain of our Household, our rij^lit trusty and rij^ht welU
•' beloved cousin and councillor, Arthur, Earl of An/jlcsey,
"our right trusty and well-hclovcd councillor, '///7//«//»,
" Visraind Snij and St'ulc, our well -hcloved Francis Warner,
" Alderman of London, Erasains i<niil/i i'!s(|., Henry Ash-
" Itirrs/, Kirliard llntchiiisan, Jo.shna U'oalnaiif/h, (ieor(/e
" Clerke, Thainas i^jtrcd, Thomas Bell, John liolfe, citizens
" of London, our trusty and well-beloved Rohert li'njle,
"Esq,, .SVi- llilliani Thanijjson, iSir irHlinni liuteman, Sir
•* Anthonij liateman. Sir Theo/thilns llidilolph, Sir Law-
" 7'ence Jhamfwld, Knif^ht, Tenijtest Mi/ner, Jfilliani, Love,
" ll'ilUani Peake, Aldermen of London, 'Thomas Foley,
" Esq., Thomas Cox, John Mirklcthnunjie, Edmond French,
" doctors in physic, and our well-beloved Charles Doyiiy,
" Thomas Slaynes, John Jnrian, IVilliam Anlrolm/i, John
" Baihnrst, llarman Sheafe, Thomas Gillihrand, James
" Hayes, John Benbowe, Lawrence Brinsley, Barnabas
" Meares, John Acrod, John Dockett, Edward Boscowen,
" and Martin Noell, citizens of London," should be the
firsf members ayd persons whereof the said Company
shv Id consist.

The Cliartcr contained (among other usual clauses) a
direction tliat the Company should meet in some con-
venient place within the City of London for the ends
aforesaid, and a power to the Company to piu'chasc take
have hold receive and enjoy any manors lands tene-
ments liberties privileges jurisdictions and hereditaments
whatsoever, of what kiiul quality or nature soever they
should be, situate and being either within II. M. Kingdom
of England or elsewhere within any other dominions and
territories, to them and their successors, in fee and per-
petuity or for term of life or Ih es or years or otherwise,
in what sort soever, so as the same should not exceed in
lands and hereditaments of inheritance the clear yearly
value of M2,(M.A), the Statute for not putting of lands or

mitr
ali(

[lflfil-2.

lCOl-2.]

NKW ENO!..\NI) COMPANY.

cousin and
d Chain her '
ri<;lit wull-
)f Anyh'sey,
r, ' 11 i//ium,
vis Warner,
Henry Ash-
ifh, lUoryc
Iff, citizens
hert Ji'tyle,
itiman, Sir

Sir LaW'
U'nun. Love,
mas Foley,
jnd French,
les Doy'ny,
''ofjU't, John
ind, James

Barnabas

lioscowen,
uld l)G the

Company

clauses) a
some con-
• the ends
cliasc take
mds tcne-
editamcnts
oevcr they

Kingdom
inions and
! and per-

otlicrwise,

exceed in
cav yearly
f lands or

■

tenements in Mortmain, or any other Act or Statute to
the contrary notwithstandinj^; atul also all manner of
goods and chattels, sum and sums of money, and other
thinf^s whatsoever, of what nature or quality soever they
niifjht he ; and also to give and prant, demise, let, assiijn,
nlicji, and dispose of all or any of the said manors, lands,
tenements, or h 'editaments, goods or chattels : — and to
the cud that the early revenue, issues, and profits of all
and every the manors, lands, leases, tenements, heredita-
ments and also the goods, chattels, money and stock of
the Company, may from time to time be faithfidly laid
out, disposed, employed and applied for the promoting
and propagating of the Gospel of Christ unto and
amcjngst the heathen natives in or near New England
and parts adjacent in America, and also for civilizing,
teaching and instructing the said Ijeatheu natives in or
near New England atul their children, not only in the
principles and knowledge of the true religion, and in
morality, and the knowledge of the English tongue, and
in other liberal arts and sciences, but for the educating
and placing of them or their children in some trade,
mystery, or lawful calling, the Company were em-
powered under their common seal, from time to time, to
nominate, constitute and appoint sucli and so many fit
and meet person and persons, residing in or near any of
the colonies or plantations in New England aforesaid
and parts adjacent in America, to be commissioners for
and on the behalf of the Compf^'>y, to treat, contract
and agree with such ministers, sc >ol masters and others,
residing and to reside in any of the i)arts aforesaid, for
such salaries, allowances and recompenses, to be from
time to time made, given and paid to tliem and every of
them, for their labour, pains and industry, to be taken
by them and every of tliein, in the duties and employ-
ments aforesaid, and also to treat, contract and agree
with any other person or persons there, for clothes^

IIISTOKY or TflK

lOfll-2.

books, tools, implements and otiier ncoessurics for the
civilizing, employing, educating, or j)].ieing out any of
the said natives or their ehildrcii that shall own or pro-
fess the Protestant religion in English families, and with
and under English njasters there, or otherwise, in such
manner as they the said Commissioners in their good
discretion shall from time to tiin(! thiid< lit, and to
content, pay, and satisfy all such contracts, bargains
and agreements, and all salaries, wages and allowances
to such ministers, seheolnuisters and officers as thev
shall so contract and agree with, and for the clothing
and api)arelling of any oi the said nntives or theii- chil-
dren aiul for books, tools, iuiplements and other neces-
saries for them an'^ for educating or placing them, or
i.iiy of them, with or under any ]i]nglish master or
masters there, in any tra(l(>, mystery, or lawful calling,
out of such moneys, goods and chattels, as shall be from
time to time sent or made over unto the said cori-
missioners, so to be a[)pointed as aforesaid, or any of
them out of England, or any other the dominions of
H. M. ijy the said Company uul) New England afore-
said, or any the parts adjacent in America as aforesaid ;
and also to do, perform and execute all and every oihcr
act and acts, matters and *^hings which shall or nuiy
any way tend or conduce to the ends aforesaid, in such
niannei^ and according to such orders ami insiructions
as the said commissioners, so to be employed and in-
structed, shall from time to time receive from the
Company. These commissioners, so to be apjjointed, uerc
from time to time to give an account in writing of their
proceedings therein, so often as they should be thereunto
re(]uired by the Company.

One of the concluding clauses of the Charter begins
thus : —

" To the end that what the Company shall be seized,
"interested, or possessed of may, from time to time, he

tit
a
ot
of

th.

)! I

r I

i\C,C,\---2.

i(;ci-2.]

NKW F.NOLAN n COMPANY

is for the
nt iinv of"
vii or pro-

and with
c, in such
their good
t, uiul to
, bargains
allowances
5 as tlicy
:; clothini?
their chil-
lier ueccs-

theni; or
master or
III calling,
11 be from
said corii-
)r anv of
1 in ions of
iud afore-
aforesaid ;
cry other

or may
, in such
xtructions

and in-
roui the
ited, were

of their
thereunto

V.V begins

)c seized,
time, he

'MaitiifutiT itQX'rovijd, apjjlicd, and disi)osed for the ends,
" intents, and purposes hereinbefore declared, and for the
" necessary affairs and business of the Company, and no
"other." This clnuse directed that the Comj)any should
yearly, and every year if thereunto required, by and upon
the order and warrant of H. M.'s ('hancellu- ir Keeper of
the Great Seal of England, and of the Treasurer of Eng-
land, and Chief Baron of the Court of Exchetjuer for the
time being, or any two of them, make, deliver and declare
a true and |)erfect account before the ClKiiiccllor or Keeper
of tl - Creat Seal, Treasurer, and Chief Baron, or any two
of them, of all and every the goods, chattels, and stock of
the Company ; and also of the rents, issues, and profits of
all and every the manors, lands, leases, tenements and
hereditaments ; and also of all and every sum and sums of
money received, issued and paid by or for the use of the
Company. And these accounts the Chancellor or Lord
Keeper, Treasurer, and Chief Baron, for the time heing, or
any two of them, were required to hear, determine and
declare, and (if they should fiml just cause) fully to ratify,
confirm and allow of all and every the receipts, payments
and disl)ursemcnts in every such account and accounts to
be continued, nuide, and applied to or for the uses, intents
and purposes aforesaid ; and, after such dcclarition and al-
lowance of every such account and accounts, to sign the
same under their or any two (jf their hands, and to deliver,
or cause to be delivered, the said account and accounts so
to be declared, determined and allowed of unto H. ]\I.'s
liemendn-ancer of the Exchequer.

In Michaelmas Term 10(5.^, Richard Hutchinson and 1002.
AVilliam Mnllins and the Company filed their Bill in the ^i«' i^"P-

/"i £• /-il • nil II T /■ 1 1 1 lltiul Colll-

Lourt of Chancery aganist Ihomas Bednigneid, and several pnnj .s Suit
other i)ersons, who bv reason of trust deeds, leases, and ''p','."***,. , ,
otherwise, were, or claimcil to be, interested in the property
purchased of him. The Plaintiffs, by thei»'-,Bill, stated the
contract of the Sth August 1653, and that El'lward Winslow,

* M

HISTORY OF THE

[1 062-1 r.f)3.

1GC3.
Decree.

llicliard Ilutcliinsoii, and William Mullins ucve trustees
only in the ])nr(;liaso for tlie supposed Corporation, and
stated the Cliurter, and further stated (among other
things) that Edward Winslow had then lately died, and
that Richard Hutchinson and AVilliam ^fuUins were de-
sirous that the property should be conveyed to and vested
in the Company for the purposes of the Charter ; and they
j)raycd such relief tS should be agreeable to equity.

The Defendants having answered, tlie parties being at
issue, and witnesses having been examined on both sides,
the cause came on to be heard before the Right Honour-
able Edward Earl of Clarendon, then Lord High (Mian-
celhir of England, when Bedingficld alkiging, amongst
other things, that the property purchased of him was of
much greater value tiian the purchase-money (f:7000);
and the plaintifls, by their counsel, offering if the defen-
dants could get a better chapman to take their .€7000
principal money and interest, and to render an account of
the mean profits l)y them received ; the Court decreed (6
July 1GG3) that if this proposition were not accepted, the
defendants ought to make furtiier assurances, and account
for the profits by them received.

After time had been given to Bedingfield to consider the
plaintiffs' proposition, and Bedingfield had neglected to
give any consent thereto, the Court of Chancery ordered
that the plaintiffs, their heirs and successors, should hold
and enjoy the property against the defendants, and that
the defendants should join in conveying the premises to
Hutchinson and Mullins, and their heirs, freed from all
incumbrances done by them, to the end that Hutclunson
and Mullins might, according to the trust in them reposed,
convey the ))remises to the Company and their successors.
And the decree also ordered that an account should be
taken of the mean profits of the premises received by the
defendants or their agents since the defendants' entry,
and that what the Master shoidd certify to be due for

1662-1095.1

NKW ENGLANn COMPANY.

1002-

mcan profits should be paid to Ilutcliiuson and MuUins for
the benefit of the Company.

In pursuance of this decree, the property was, in the
vear lOGl conveyed to Hutchinson and MulUns in fee,
and by them conveyed to the Company. The houses in
Trinity Lane and IJueklersbury, and the property at Plum- CoVivey-
stead, were, in the vears IGG'i, IGGi and 1GG5, conveyed ""^■•^»/"

' . .* the Ni'W

bv tlic respective vendors thereof, or then' representatives, Eniriand
to the Company. ^'°'"l'""y-

The yearly rent charge of £.20 was never granted
assured to the Company, l)ut after considerable litigation
in the Court of Chancery was recovered and received by
them up to the l:ith June 1G88, and the Company about i^gg^
that time sold their right and interest therein to one of the Sale of
Littleton family for J:; 100. Auuuily'.^

Jiesides the property before mentioned the Company,
at different times in the 17th century, acquired, by virtue
of the will of William Pcnoyer Esq. in IGTO, an annuity Pcnoycr's
of i-10 out of the rents and [)rofits of certain hereditaments
called " Vance's," in Norfolk ; and by virtue of the w ill of
their first Governor, the Honorable Robert Boyle, and a Boyle's an-
grant or assurance made in nnrsuance thereof bv direction V."'*v' "'
of the Court of Chancery, in IGUi.'),* a perpetual rent charge rent charge.
of £90 per annum on the Manor of Brafferton, and on
considerable landed property at Bratlcrton,t in Yorkshire,
upon trust that the Company should employ £45 per
anmun, one moiety thereof, for the salary of two ministers
of the Gospel, to teach and instruct the natives in or near
H.ISL colonies and plantations in New England in the
Christian religion ; such two ministers to be chosen,
named, placed and displaced, from time to time, l)y the Com-
pany, as to them should seem most conducing for carrying
on so good and pious designs; and the Couii)any were to
give an account from time to time, when requested, unto

* Sec A.-G. 1'. Corporation ol' Loiuluii, 8 LJro. C.C. 171 ; 1 'cs. jun. 243;
3 Mjhiii and Kci'ii, 349 and 350.

t About four mill's from Borciutjhbridgu.

t(
I t

i I

'I I

1711.
Doctor
Daniel

HISTORY or Tin:

[lfi95-171l.

the lliglit II()noral)lc llit^hard, then Earl of liurliiigtoii,
and li'iv llciiry Asliiustj Kiiig'lit and liarouct^ during
their lives, atul alter their respeetive deceases, to their
several and respective heirs, and to the President of Trinity
College, in Oxford, for the time being, how they had be-
stowed and employed the said moiety of the said yearly
rent charge, and how the same had answered the end for
which it was given ; and upon further trust that the
Company should transmit the yearly sum of ^15 (the
other moiety of the rent charge), i'rom time to time, as the
same should l)c received, unto the President and Fellows of
Harvard College, in Cambridge, in New England, to be by
them employed and bestOMcd for the salary of two other
ministers of the gospel, to teach or instruct the natives in
or near II.M.'s colonics and plantations in New England
in the Christian religion, such two other ministers to be
named, chosen, placed and displaced, by the President and
Fellows of Harvard College aforesaid, from time to time,
as to them should seem most to conduce to the well
management and carrying on so pious a use ; and the
President and Fellows of Harvard College, once in every
year, were to transmit into England a true and just
account how they had employed the money transmitted to
them for the purpose aforesaid, and what eliect the same
had had, and this accomit was to be delivered to the Earl
and Sir Henry Ashurst, during their lives, and after their
respective deceases to their several and respective heirs,
and to the President of Trinity College, in Oxford, for the
time being.

The Reverend Daniel Williams, formerly of Hoxton,
near London, Doctor of Divinity, by his will, dated tlu;
Wins' Will. 2Gth day of June 171 1, gave to the Company his estate in
.lr?r.vMcn''nf Esscx, callcd ToUeshunt Becknam Manor, or by any other
Essex pm- names, which he had bought of Mrs. Hannah Fox a/ias
'""' ^ " '^ Bradley, with all the profits and advantages belonging to

Coiupauy.

him, affcr the daath of llannuh Fo<v alias Jh'adlrv, so long

lfi'Jj-1711.

1711-1775.]

NEW KNOLAND COMfANY,

irliiigtoii,
; iliiring
to their
it' Trinity
had be-
id yearly
e end lor
that the
£15 (the
le, as tiic
ellows of
to be bv
wo oilier
ativcs ill
England
;ers to be
dent and
! to time,
the well
and the
in everv
and just
nitted to
the same
the Earl
'ter their
vo heirs,
, for the

lloxton,
ated the
estate in
ny other
\)\ alias
nging to
so lonjr

as the Company should continue, " upon condition that
" cGO per annum should be paid and divided between two
" well-qualified persons as to piety and prudence, to be
" nominated successively by his trustees, to preach as itine-
" rants in the English plantations in the IVest bid'ws, and
" for the good of what Pagans and lUacks were therein
" neglected, and the remainder to be paid yearly to the
" College of Cambridge, in Neiv Enyland, or such as were
" usually employed to manage the blessed work of convert-
" ing the poor Indians there, to promote which he designed
" that part of his gift /' and he thereby declared that if his
trustees were hindered from nominating the itinerants,
under the pretence of any Statute in New England or
elsewhere, he gave the €60 per annum to the College in
New England, to encourage and make them capable to get
constantly some learned Professor out of Europe to reside
there, who should be of their own nomination, in concurrence
with the ministers of the town of Boston, in New England j
and if the ('ompany should happen to be dissolved or de-
prived of their present privilege, he declared his will to be
and did thereby give the manor, with all the profits and
advantages, to the town of Boston, with the ministers
thereof, to benefit the College as above and to promote the
conversion of the poor Indians,

Doctor Williams died 2()th January 171G. Mrs.
Hannah Fo.k, alias Bradley, died 21th September 1745,
and thereupon the Company entered ii.to receipt of the
rents and profits of the devised estates.

Before 1775 the Company had also acquired by purchase
the Gayhead Estate,* in Martin's, otherwise }ilartha's.
Vineyard, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, in Ame-
rica ; and had also acquired by purchase some further pro-
perty in Eriswell aforesaid, comprising a close called Hay's
Yard, containing 5 acres, with a right of way thereto, and

* Tliis c'statt; ceased in 17H7 to beloii}; to the Company,

1745.
lU'versioa
of Essex
pioperty
tails into
imssessioii.

Further
purchases
by the
Coriipauy
ill Martha's
Viut.'yard,
ill America.
And at
Eriswell.

I I'!

HISTORY OF TU".

[1062-1775.

New Eiiir-
laiiil C'o.'s
Coimnis-
sioiii'i'siu
America.

I'll I •
1 1 Nn

several parcels of arable land, containing in the whole
13.'^ a. 1 r. Op., and a sheep walk for 8'20 sheep, and a small
piece of ground long since add(!d to Hay's Yard, and two
messuages with a croft, containing, by estimation, iialf an
acre, and three cottages and a toft, containing, by estima-
tion, one rood and a half, and divers parcels of aral)le land
containing 21 a. 3r. Op., and a parcel of ground called the
Excliuqucr Scvcrals ; and had also acquired an Exchcciuer Annuity of

annuity. o i i •

SS Vii» ^^'"^j and several sums amounting together to jfiG 11. D«. 3^/.

South Sea Annuities ; and £o,'2S0 South Sea Stock > and
S. s. Stock, iiad also acquired by the sale of the Littleton rent charge,
and by gifts or bequests, several sums of money, amounting
together to £2,005 lO.s.

The Company from the date of their Charter to the
year 1775, from time to time in pursuance of their powers,
appointed fit persons residing in or near some of the
colonics or plantations in New England and parts adjacent
in America, and particularly at or near Boston in New
England, to be their Commissioners in America, for carry-
ing into execution the purposes of their Charter ; and one
of their Commissioners the Company appointed to be their
Treasurer in America, with a salary of £20 per annum.
The Company from time to time, up to the year 1775, re-
mitted to their Treasurer and other Commissioners in
America, or some of them, the whole or nearly the whole
of the clear yearly income of their real and personal estates
and effects, for the purposes of their Charter ; and they
accumulated and invested the residue of their funds and
income in the purchase of parts of the lands and stock
before stated to have been acquired by the Company l)efore
the year 1775. They also from time to time, up to the
year 1775, remitted to their Treasurer and Commissioners
in America, the yearly rent charge of j£90, and the sur-
plus (after retaining the yearly sum of £G0 in the will of
Dr. Williams mentioned) of the clear yearly produce of che
estates devised by him, with directions to employ one

IJiMuit-
tunccs.

1(162-1773.

le whole
1 a small
and two
, half an
' estima-
l)le land
[died the
muity of
[.96-. 3^/.
ck } and
i charge,
lounting

: to the
' powers,
! of the
adjaeent
in New
)r carry-
and one
be their
annum.

75, re-
ncrs in
whole
1 estates
nd they
ids and
d stock
y l)efore
I to the
ssioners
he sur-.

will of
e of die
loy one

1062-1775.]

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

moiety of the yearly vent charge of .£90 for the salary of
two ministers, and to transmit the other moiety thereof,
and the whole of the surplus produce of the devised estates,
to the President and Fellows of Harvard College, agree-
ably to the trusts of Dr. Williams's will. Upon or shortly
after the decease of Hannah Fox {alias Bradley) two per-
sons were nominated itinerant preachers under the will, for
the benefit of the Indians of the Six Nations, and those
resident near the Susquehana River in America; and the
Company paid to these preachers the yearly sum of j£GO
while they officiated as such i)rcachers ; and by reason of
the smallness of this yearly sum, and the difficulties and
ill-success which attended their Mission, the two preachers
very soon discontinued officiating as itinerant preachers.
The Company thereupon retained and accumulated the
vearlv sum of £00 until on or about the 21st of !March
17G9, the accumulations thereof amounted to ,€1,210. 11.9.
In discharge of this sum the Company then ai)prc)priated
in their books a sum of .fcl,200, South Sea Stock, part of
their sum of £5,000 like stock, and two persons being
about the same time nominated itinerant preachers under
the will of Dr. "Williams, lor tlie benefit of the Indians at
Onohognaga, in America, the Company from time to time
paid these two preachers and other preachers who were
afterwards nominated, the yearly sum of ^£00, together vvitli
the dividends of the j£l,200 South Sea Stock. This con-
tinued from the month of jNlarch 17(59, to the month of
March 1775, and tlum the preachers discontinued to
officiate as itinerant preachers.

The Company, shortly i)efore the begiiniing of the year Remit-

T-„- •.. -^ i. .\ •" i. ^ • ■ " • taiiccs for

17/0, remitted to tfieir treasurer and commissioners m ]'ji^,

America several sums, amounting together to .£325, for the

service of tliat year. On the 28th of April 1775, the

Company having learnt that several of their commissioners

had died appointed several new commissioners to supply

the vacancies occasioned by their death. The Company on

Ill

I i

'I '!■

,,1 M;

I"
•ill

I V

' I!,

I i.

;i ;,

IllSTOKY

0¥

Tin;

[1775-

-1770.

the lOtli of

November

1 775,

ill

eoiise

quciice

of the

then

disturbed sittiation of

a Hail

s in Ainerieii,

r(MHl(>riii<^ a

rneetinj; of

their

conumssioiiers

there

iinj)ra(

tieable,

sent

Hemit-
laiices SU.S
pended.

to one of their eomniissioiieis, who was or acted as the
Company's treasurer in America, a letter requesting him
to pay the Company's several missionaries and school-
masters abroad (he being satisfied they performed their re-
spective duties) their respective salaries, or such parts
thereof as he should be able, without waiting for the orders
of the Board of Commissioners there ; and at the same
time on account of the then disturbed situation of affairs
in America, the (Company suspended tlie usual remit-
tances.

The Company's treasurer in America, in consequence of
the letter sent to him, on the 10th of November 1775,
paid several of the Company's missionaries and school-
masters several sums of money, and gave to others of the
Company's missionaries and schoolmasters certificates of
their having performed from time to time their respective
Ci^iiifiLatcs duties. In pursuance of these certificates the Company, in
the course of the years 1778 and 1779, paid several sums
of money, amounting together to tJo98. 5,9.

In April 1779, the Company sent to their treasurer in
America a letter, desiring him to grant no further certifi-
cates in favour of any missionaries or schoolmasters, for
any services performed after the receipt of that letter, or at

^'^^'^^^''i"- furthest after Midsummer 1779, until the state of affairs

iiicr 177'J.

CcrtificaUs in America should admit of the meeting of the Company's

counter- commissioners there, and desiring him to signify the same

to the missionaries and schoolmasters. The Company, on

the 19tli of JNlay 1779 (upon receipt of a copy of the

minutes of a meeting of their commissioners at lioston,

dated the 5th of January 1779, and upon consideration of

their Charter), kf.solvkd that the Court did not think

themselves warranted l)y the Charter in remitting money

to New England, so long as that country continued in

|iaid ill
1778-',)

Vvr

il iiiii

'4 '■
5. <

75-1779.

l77'.»-178;i.

\KW KNCLAM) COMPANY

then

'nn<j; a
lie, sunt

as the
ug him

school-
licir rc-
h ))arts
e orders
le same
f affairs
I remit-

leucc of

)r 1775,

school -

s of the
catcs of
pspective
pauy, ill
al sums

surer in
:' certifi-
tcrs, for
er, or at
f affairs
mpauy's
le same
any, on
of the
Hoston,
atiou of
)t think
money
imed in

arms against Ilis Afajesty and tlu'ir fcUow subjects, and in
con(.,'deraey with the French King, were levying war
against (Jreat Britain and their lawfnl Sovereign; and
further iuosolvicu that the treasurer of the Company
should accept no more hills drawn by any persons in New
England during the continuance of the then rel)cllion, and
until the restoration of peace, order and good government.
On the 81st of iMay 1779, the Governor of tlic Company,
by the desire of the Company, sent to tlieir treasurer in
New England a letter acquaint mg him that the Company
would not accept any more bills he should draw until the
restoration of peace, order and good government.

The Company atterwards, from time to time, confirmed Exccpiional
their resolution of the 19th of May 1779; but in respect
of services performed previously to that time, and in con-
sideration of the particular^ circumstances of the several
cases which occurred, paid to several persons who had been
employed by them in New England as missionaries and
otherwise, in the execution of the trusts reposed in them,
divers sums of money, amounting together to £1793. lis. 6d.
In the course of the year 1783, the Company paid the
President and Fellows of Harvard College their moiety of
the yearly rent charge of £dO, from the beginning of the
year 177") to Lady-day 1782.

Shortly after the four provinces of Massachusetts Bay, P"y'''e"t

Rhode Island, Coiniecticut, and Maine (which formed part timud of

of the ancient province of New England) had, tosrcther '^">''*^.'f

. . . > n Auiiuity.

with nine other provinces in America, been declared and
acknowledged by Great Britain to be States indepeiulent of
His ^lajcsty and of this kingdom, the receiver of the rents
of the manor ;ind lands at Brafferton, in consequence of
an intimation from the then Bishop of London, that it
had become necessary to obtain the directions of the Court
of Chan(!ery as to the application of the rents, rclused to
pay the yearly rent-charge of J90 to tlic Company. The
Company thereupon caused a formal demand of the arrears

IIISTORV or TIIF

[1785-1780.

,i'i

!! 'i!

. 'Il'i

I'm

ill

,1 ,1

&■

' ill;

■ !i

•» ilii

', 111

17sr,.

Rcsohitiiji'.s

mulcr

Coimsd's

ndvicu

iiiiuiiisl cx-

<'r isiiif? (lie

Cliurlir

trust;; out

(>[' His

:Miij(sty's

doiiiinions.

TiPnsfcr

1o N(!W

Urunswick.

New l^ruus-
wiek Coiit-
missioucrs.

Allc'vnucis
to New
]''niiliui(l
Mission-
aric.s. on (he
ground o!'
bo\nit y anil
compassion.

thereof to he made on their heliall', l)ut were then uual)le
to ohtaiii payment thereof; and tlu; opiiiioiis of ^Nlr. Serjeant
Ilill and Mr. Seott, afterwards Lord Ehh)n, were on the
!23r(l of iNIay 1785, taken on helialf of the Company as to
the k'gality of their e.veeuting the several trnsts mentioned
in their Charter under the autliority thereof. After these
opinions l)ad been taken, tlie Company, on the 2i>t\\ of
April 178(), RKsoLVicn that the Company could not safely
e.\ercisc the trusts of their Charter in any part of America
out of the King's dominions; and also resolved, that they
should transfer the exercise of their trusts to His Majesty's
})rovinee of New Brunswick, as the part of America which
was next adjacent to that wherein they had till that time
exercised their trusts, and which in all the Charters of the
Crown was considered as part of New England. The
Com[)any, on the 2-Uh of May 1780, apj)ointed the Lieu-
tenant Governor and Chief Justice of New Brunswick,
and seven other fit persons residing in the same province, to
be their Commissioners in America, for carrying into exe-
cution the purposes of their Charter ; and they appointed
one of these Conmiissioners to be the Company's Treasurer
in New Bi'unswick, with a salary of £20 per annum.

The Company, in consequence of a{)plications which ha I
been made to them by or on behalf of three of their then late
missionaries in New England, at the General Court of the
2-lth of Mav 1780, resolved to adhere to their resolution
of the I'Jth of May 1779, for paying no more bills; but
relbrred it to a Committee of the Company to consider
what it might be proper to allow these missionaries, on the
ground of bounty and compassion ; and the Company, on
the 1 1th of June 1780, in pursuance of the recommenda-
tion of the Committee, paid to these missionaries, and
afterwards from time to time paid to others of their then
late missionaries in New England, and to their tiien late
treasurer and others in New England, upon the ground of
bounty and compassion, and for taxes and incidental charges

785-1780.

178(l'17b7.]

NLW lONOLAMJ COM PAN V.

l\)

untible

Serjeant
; on the
iiy as to
Dutioned
tcr these
25th of
3t safely
America
hat they
Jajesty's
ea which
hat time
rs of the
1(1. The
he Lieu-
•unswick,
3viiicc, to
into exe-
ipijointed
.^reasurer
im.

hich ha I
then hvtc
rt of the
esolution
)ills ; but
consider
}s, on the
ipany, on
mmcnda-
I'ies, and
loir then
lien late
round of
1 charges

and for the salary of their then late treasurer in New En}^-
land, sums amountin;^ together to tl,llH. (5*. \d.

The Company, on the 1st of Januaiy 178(5, paid the l?nniit-
Presideut and Fellows of II;>rvard College the surplus of ,,',','!|j'|,'||,"",•
the clear yearly produce of the estates devised to them by '^r- ^\'"«'

." " , trusts.

Dr. Williams up to the 31st of January 17H5, ami subse-

fpicutly paid the President and Fellows on account of the
surplus produce of tluj devised estates accrued due after
the 31st of January 1785, several sums, amounting to-
gether to ei(5(). 8s. ad.

The Company's treasurer having been applied to at the
bogijniing of the year 1787, on behalf of the President and
Fellows, for several books and other articles, and nu)ney,
the Company, on the 5th of June 1787, desired their 1787.

treasurer not to send over any more books or other Supplies
, . , . , • 1 /• , 1 1 stopped,

articles, or remit any more mouev until turtner orders.

In pursuance of directions at the same time given to the
clerk of the Comi)anv, a case was shortly afterwards stated as Co"nsd'3
to the yearly sum of £00, and the then accumulations there- taken.
of, and also as to the surplus of the clear yearly produce of
the real estates devised by Dr. Williams, and was thereupon
sui)mitted for the opinion of Mr. Serjeant Hill and Mr.
INTansfield (afterwards Lord Chief Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas), who concurred in advising the Company
to invest and accumulate the balance in hand, and all
savings of the last mentioned charitable funds, and to
cause an Information to be filed against them by His
jNlajosty's Attorney-General, for the purpose of obtaining
the directions of the Court of Chancery for the disposition
thereof. On the 10th of August 1787, the Company Invest-
in pursuance of this advice, resolved that £1,251, the ijajances of
balance then in their treasurer's hands, arising from the^'-^^"'*'
lunds tor the support 01 two missionaries in the West
Indies, should be invested in the purchase of Bank £3 per
cent. Consolidated Annuities, in the names of the governor,
treasurer and one of the auditors of the accounts of the

: :!tt

1788.

A.-(i. l\

l.niulni
(.'(irporu-
tioii, 8uit
ns to I't.
Kovlc's
ttiinuity.

1792.
Trusts di-
nctt'd by
Court of
Chaiicrry
for Hoylu's
aumiity.

Arrears of
IJoyle's au'
nuity.

HISTORY oi Tin;

[17S7-17'.»l.

('om|»iuiy, and tliat tlir growing; income IVoiu rents and
arrears of rent appropriated to the before mentioned
purpose, as also the dividcMids acerninj; from the .11,200
South Sea Stock and from the Consoli(hited Annuities then
direct(>d to be piwehased, as the same shouhl come into the
treasurer's hands, shoidd be hiid out in tlie purchase of like
Annuities in the same names, and that 1221. 1 l.v. 10^/., the
bahmce then in the treasurer's hands, appropriated by the
will of Dr. Williams to Harvard College, should be laid
out in tlu; purchase of Hank V^ per cent. Consolidated
Annuities in the same namer, to}.?ether with sucdi sums due
and to f^row due for rents, also a[)propriate(l by the will to
the College, as the same should from time to time come
into the treasurer's hands.

in Michaelmas Term 17H.S, II. M.'s Attorney-General,
(at the relation of Dr. Heilby I'ortcus, tluMi Bishop of
London,) and the Bishop, filed their Information and Bill
in the Court ot Chancerv against the Corporation of London,
and also against the Company and others, as defendants,
for obtaining the direction of the Court for the application
in England, or in some other part of His ^Majesty's do-
minions, of the rents and profits of the Manor and lands at
IJraflerton. By two decrees or orders of the Court made
in this cause, and dated respectively the 23rd of April and
the 23rd of July 1792, the yearly rent charge of £1)0 was
ordered to be paid from time to time as the same should
become due, out of the rents and profits of the Bratterton
Manor and lands, to the Company or their treasurer for
the time b(;ing, "in order that the same might be applied
" by them for the advancement of the Christian religion
" amongst infidels, in such parts of America as were
" under the dominion of His Majesty."

Li, and previously to the month of February 1791', the
Company received several sums, amounting together to
€1,035 for the arrears of the yearly rent charge of.t90
and invested the same in the purchase of sums amounting

17S5-1808.]

N'KW LNOLANn COMPANY.

L'l

tof^ctlicr to LI, 100 Miiiik t'i per cent. Ilcdiiccd Amiiiitics, in
the joint iianics of tlie then (iovcnior, Treasurer, and one
of the then auditors of the aeeonnts of the Company.

By deeds dated 17th and IHth Juno 175)1', the Corpora-
lion of London (to whom, as trustcjcs, the Hrall'erton pro-
perty had been conveyed, 3()th and 31st Anj^ust lOO.l)
conveyed tlie IJrallerlon property to "The Society for the
"Conversion, and Hcli^ious Instruction and lOdueation
"of the Ne{,M'o Slaves in tlie British West Indiu Islands,"
a corporation created by Royal Charter, 3()th October
17U3. The name of the Society was changed some years
since; on the abolition of slavery the Society olituined its
j)rcsent name, and it is now called "The Society for Ad-
vancing the Christian Faith iji the West India Islands."

Between the api)ointment of the commissioners, in May
17HG, and the month of March ISOt the Company from
time to time remitted to tlieir treasurer and other com-
missioners in New Brunswick several sums amounting in
the whole to .£15,010. 155. Id. and goods of the value of
.t;315. Is. Id. to be applied i;.y tlie commissioners for the
purposes of the Charter; and also from and after the month
of February 1791, until the month of February IHOl, re-
mitted annually to their treasurer and other commis-
sioners in New Brunswick, the yearly rent charge of t90,
and the dividends of the said sum of i.^], 400 Baidv £3 j)er
cent. Reduced Annuities, to be applied by them in manner
directed by the Decree of the 23rd of April 1792.

In pursuance of the Company's Resolutions of the 10th
of August 1787, the yearly sum of GGO, and the dividends
of the £1,200 Soutli Sea St'^ck, and the iicomc arising
from the accumulations thceof respectively between
the year 1775 and the month of June 1808, were from
time to time invested in the purchase of South Sea Stock
and Bank .£3 per cent. Coiisolidatcd Annuities, in the joint
names of the then governor and treasurer and one of
the then auditors of the accounts of the Company The

1780-1804

lU'n\iU!\ii-
ws to Npvt
Hrunswick
oil nci'ouiit
of Iiicoiiie
of Cliarlcr
riiiid, and
Uoylu's
AiMHiilv.

1785-1808
Acciiniiila-
tioiis of Dr.
Williams's
iiifoiiic.

Ilf

HISTORY OF THE

[1785-1808.

1803.
Attorney-
General V.
New Eng-
land Co.,
Informa-
tion and
Answer as
to Dr. Wins'
trusts.
Proceed-
ings de-
layed.

balance [nhcv deducting the iilOO. 8.9. 8^/. paid to clie
Prcsidcni ard Fellows of Harvard College, as above men-
tioned), of the surplus of the clear yearly produce of the
estates devised by Dr. Williams, and the income arising
from the accumulations thereof, between the 31st of Ja-
nuary 17^'^,-and the month of June 1808, were from time
to time invested in the purchase of the Land Tax on the
principal part of the same devised estates, and in the pur-
chase of South Sea Stock an4-Bank .£8 per cent. Consoli-
dated Annuities. Shortly before the beginning of the
vear 1803, when these investments in South Sea Stock and
Bank Annuities had accumulated to a considerable amount,
and after the then treasurer of the Company had been
applied to, on behalf the President and Fellows of Harvard
College, for payment of the arrears of the surjjlus of the
clear yearly produce of the devised estates, and the arrears
of their moiety of the yearly rent charge of ^690, a case
was prepared for the advice of counsel, as to the proper
steps to be taken for obtaining the directions of the Court
of Chancery, in pu suance of the opinions of Mr. Serjeant
Hill and Mr. Mansfield, and Siho as to the i)roper parties
to a suit for that purpose ; and Mr. Richards, afterwards
Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, upon such
case being submitted for his opinion, advised, among other
things, that there was no necessity for a relator, and that
the Company must be the only defendants.

In })ursuance of the advice of Mr. Richards and by the
express direction of H.M.'s then Attorney-General, aji
Information was prepared in ]\Iay 1803, and about the
same tin^e the Answer of the Company to such Informa-
tion was also prcjjared, and their Seal was ordered to be
allixed to the Answer. Before any further proceedings
were taken for obtaining the directions of the Court of
Chancery, the Company received letters from several of
their commissioners in New Brunswick, explaining the ill
success of the Company's efforts to accomplish in New

,lfV

18U3-1808.]

NEW JiNGLAND COMPAiW,

Brunswick the puri)oscs of their Charter, and resigning tlie lailurc of
trusts reposed in tliem as commissioners. In consequence f.,|^|i n"^"
of these letters, tlie Company, l)y the 1st of March, IHO !, i;il'orts in

discontinued the mode they had adopted of appropriating swick. '""'
their funds in New Brunswick.

After making many enquiries of General Carlton, the ficneral
then Lieutenant Governor and of other inhabitants of.,i"„'"f
New BrunsAvick, the Company adopted the plans and re- oi'Ri'itions
commendations submitted to them by Major General John ^
Coffin, one of their commissioners for earrving into exc-
cution the purposes of the Charter. According to these
plans and recommendations, the Company, on the 28th of
January 1808, ai)j)ointed General Coffin, and five other
tit persons residing in New Brunswick, to be their com- 1807-8.

raissioners in America. Between the month of January ^^'^""'-

* (aiiccs to

1807, and the 2 1st June 1808, the Company remitted New
to General Coffin several sums of money, amounting in the ^'""swick.
whole to £951. 10s., and sent him goods of the value of
,tl03. 186'. 2d.

The Company, with the surplus of their clear income, ^cciiniula-
alter making these payments and remittances, and with chauires of
the purchase money of their house* in Trinity Lane, "'^^'*^-
from time to time, up to the month of June 1808, pur-
chased four freehold tenements, and an acre of freehold
land in Eriswell, and 'he Land Tax on all their lands in
London, SulFolk and Kent, and also purchased several
sums of Bank €3 per cent. Consolidated Annuities, in the
joint names of the then governor and treasurer and one
of the then auditors of the accounts of the Company.

On the 28th of January 1808, the Company (havinu; ,,,

•' _ I ./ \ ' Attorncv-

thcn, under the ircumstances before stated, a prospect ol'(;eii(rari".

objects equal to the employment of the income arising from j^^'j|| ^t"?J

the estates devised by Dr. Williams, and the accumulations suit as to

thereof), resolved that application should be made to the ^^[^_.^ j^" j^^

* This house in 1654 cost the Conipanj' £650, and was sold in 1799 for
je 1,200.

1808.

ii(r^

IIISTOIIY or THE

:i.;!

[1808.

Court of Chancery for directions as to the appropriation
of the same income, and directed the then clerk of tlie
Company to take the necessary steps therein, and authorized
the tlien governor and treasurer and some other members
of the Company, to affix tlie Company's Seal to sucii
answers, and other proceedings, as 'i)ight be necessary for
obtaining such directions, and to assist the clerk in pi'e-
paring a proper scheme for the disposition of the income,
and on all other occasions where he might require their
advice.

On the 11th of February 1808, the clerk aci, iugly
laid a full statement of the facts, together with the cases
and opinions of Mr. Mansfield, Mr. Serjeant Hill, and Mr.
Richards, and a copy of the Will of Dr. Williams, before
H.M.'s then Attorney-General, for his directions. The clerk
shortly afterwards instructed the counsel (whom the Attor-
ney-General directed him to employ) to prepare the neces-
sary Information and the Answer of the Company thereto,
and such counsel thereupon prepared the Information and
Answer accordingly, and on the 21st of June 1808, the
Information so prepared was filed in the Court of Chancery.
On the 25th of June 1808, the Company appeared and
put in their Answer, so prepared as al)ove mentioned, under
their Common Seal, and the cause came on to be heard
before His Honor the then Master of the Rolls, on the
2nd of July 1808, when His Honor referred it to the
Master to take such accounts as by the Information were
prayed, and also to approve of a proper scheme or schemes
for carrying the trusts of the Will of the testator. Dr.
Williams, as to the Essex estate and rent charge, into
execution, aiul any of the parties were to be at liberty to
lay proposals before the Master for that purpose.

The accounts having been taken, and a scheme approved
by the Master, the cause came on to be heard for further
directions on the 8th day of August 1808, before Lord
Chancellor iildon, when the Master's Report was con-

ibUb.]

NLW ENGLAND COMPANY,

li)

■'3

firmed, with a qualificatio. added by liis Lordship. Tlie isos
scheme, with this addition, directed that as soon as a pro- i)(.."^vu-"

Dcr purchase couhl be found, the several sums of South liains'

. . . trust.

Sea Stock and .C3 per cent. (^Consolidated Bank Amiuiries,

which had arisen, or niij^ht thereafter arise, from the rents
and j)rorits of the charity estate in question in the cause,
or from the rent charge of £00 per annum, should be sold,
and the money arising from such sale laid out and invested
in the purchase of lands manors messuages tenements and
hereditaments within Great Britain, and that the rents and
profits of such manors lands tenements and hereditaments
when purchased together with the rents and profits of the
manor and estate in Essex devised by Dr. Williams should
be i)aid and applied by the Company towards the advance-
ment of the Christian religion amongst Indians Blacks
and Pagans in sonic or one of H.M.'s plantations and
colonies and in maintaining, educating and relieving the
necessities of the said Indians Blacks and Pagans, so
far as such application in the maintenance education and
civilization and relief of the necessities of any Indians
Blacks or Pagans might be connected with, or subser-
vient to, the purpose of advancing the Christian religion ;
and in the meantime, until such purchase, that the rents
and profits of the charity estate in question in the cause,
and the dividends and interest of the said several sums
of South Sea Stock and <€3 per cent. Consolidated Bank
Annuities might be paid and applied by the Company to
the same charitable purposes.

The Company acquired by means of an inclosurc act
and award (28th May 1807), a parcel of land, containing Egy^.^ j^.
6a. 2v. op., in the parish of Tolleshunt Major, otherwise closure.
Tollcshunt Bcckingham, in Essex.

In the course of the next quarter of a century the Com- Company's
pany pureluised the Land Tax on part of the estates de- Es^px" ^^'
vised by Dr. Williams, and also purchased a cottage in the
])arish of Tolleshunt Major (in which parish the principal

III STORY OF THE

[180?.

«!

I !

,;i ii

rilil

'i!l!

SulTulk.

Upper
Canada.

1818,
July 2tn\.
EriswL'll
IiK'losure
Award.

part of the devised estate is situate), and also purchased
the rectory of the parisli with the j2,rcat aud rectorial titlics
withiu the said parish, except the advowson to the vicarage
of the parish church thereof, aud except also the tithes of
several faruis, lauds, aud hereditaments, coutaiuing in the
whole 1078 acres and 5 perches, or thereabouts, but not be-
longing to the Company, The Company also purchased of
Thomas Brown Evans Esq., several tenements, cottages,
farms, and lauds, containing 861a. 3r. 27p., with several
shec|)walks, situate principally in Eriswcll, and a small part
in the adjoining parish of Mildeidiall, in Suffolk. They
also purchased a Dolvcr of Mrs. liramston, containing 50
acres in Mildcnhall, and two ti^nements and four parcels of
land containing together (>a. 2r. 17p. in Eriswcll.

The Company also paid €100 towards the purchase of a
liouse and land, containing 400 acres or thereabouts, at
Cramahe, otherwise Colborne, in Upper Canada, for a re-
sidence for the Rev. Richard Scott, one of the Company's
Missionaries there, he himself i)ayiug the residue of the
purchase money of the house arul land.

The Company also acquired, by an Inclosure Act and
Award, 1st. the herbage of several public and private roads
in l*]risvveil aforesaid, and of four allotments for public
gravel, sand, clay, and chalk pits, for repairing the
roads; 2nd, and — in lieu of the right of the Company as
Lords of the manor of Eriswcll with Chamberlaynes in
and to the soil of the commons and waste grounds in
Eriswcll aforesaid, — an allotment containing 5Ga. Ir. 2p. ;
3rd, and — in lieu of their rights of shccpwalk or shackage
and rights of common, and for their commonable whole-
year lands half-year lands or shackland warrens
borders heaths aud lammas land belonging to the
ancient estate of the Company, — 15 allotments containing
4155a. 2r. SOp. in Eriswcll; 4th, and — in lieu of, and as a
compensation for their rights of sheep walk or shackage and
rights of coumion and for their commonable whole-year
lands half-vear lands or shackland heatlis lammas land

gcth

• i

1S08-1831.]

NEW LNGLAND COMPANY.

Af.'cuum-
Intiuiib.

and coinniou field laud bclonj^ing to tlio estate of tlic
Conipauy, pureliascd of Thomas Hrowu Evans, and als ) iu
lieu of, and as a full exchange equivalent a,nd compensation
for two closes, parcels of the last mentioned (;state, which,
by the last mentioned award were exchanged and awarded
to the Rector of Eriswell, — G allotments, containing to-
gether 1501a. Ir. 20p. in Eriswell.

In the interval between 1808 and 1831 the Company novtrn-
purchascd sums, amounting together to £7,073. 6s. 8r/. ][',',i','ij,g ""
Bank 13 per cent. Consolidated Aiunutics and
.^.2:2,057. 10.9. 10c/. Bank £3 per cent. Reduced An-
uuities, and Exchequer Bills to the amount, with the
interest and premium thereon, of £lfj,()92. 56f. 9^/.

In 1812 and 1813, the Company sold, for nearly .€9,000, SMc of
the three liouses in Bueklcrsbury, for which, in 1051, they j^'i^.^-iers-
had given €2,080. ' bur/.

During the interval between 1808 and 1831, the Com-
pany accumulated such parts of the rents, dividends and
income of all their property (including the estates devised
by Dr. Williams), as remained unap[)lied to the necessary
costs, charges and expenses of the Company, and the
purposes pointed out by their Charter, and l)y the decrees
of 1792 and 1808 respectively. These accumulations
amounted in the whole to €12,000, or thereabouts, and
were principally made within a few years after the decree
of 1808, and before the plans and reconnnendations of
]\Iajor-General Colfin, then recently adopted, had come into
full operation. These accumulations were to a large extent
occasioned by the fluctuation both in the yearly iiicome
and in the yearly expenditure of the Company, which was
necessarily iucident to the management of property and
the execution of purposes of the l.ke nature. Of course
the Company were never at any one time seized and pos-
sessed of all the lands, houses, annuities, stocks, exchequer
bills, moneys and premises above referred to : — some parts
of their lands houses annuities and stocks having been

lit

If
k

i'i'

HISTORY Ol' Tilt:

[1813-1831.

1834.

Piirlicitlars
of New
Kiigliuid
<-'0. s pro-
perty.

1815. July.

Lords of
Treasury
call oil New
Eiifjlaiid
Co. for
accouuts.

purchased with other parts of their moneys, annuities and
stocks. By means of their accunndations, sale.'^, purchases
and other changes of their investments, the Company be-
came and were in 1831<, seized and possessed of all the
al)ove-named lands and houses in Eriswell (except tlie
arable land free warrens fold courses and other i)roperty,
in lieu whereof allotments were made them by the Inclosure
Award), and also of all the above-mentioned lands in Milden-
hall and Plumstead, and the estates devised bv Dr.
Williams, and the allotments and tithes at Bockingham,
and the land tax on the same property, and the Annuities
of £10 and £90, and a sum of ^£18,700 Reduced Annuities
(including the before- nientipned sum of .£1,400 like
Annuities), besides a cash balance then in the hands of the
treasurer, subject to the current bills of exchange drawn
by different agents of the Company upon and accepted by
the Company's treasurer.

In July 1815, the clerk of the Company received from
^Ir. Ilobhouse, as the solicitor for the Lords Commissioners
of II. INI.'s Treasury, a letter to the effect that it had been
represented to the Lords Commissioners that the Company
had of late years applied their revenues to other purposes
than such as were authorized by their Charter, and that he
was directed to call their attention to that clause of the
Charter by which., for the purpose of securing the due
application of the funds of the Company, it is provided that
the Company shall yearly, if thereunto required by the Lord
Chancellor the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Chief Baron,
or any two of them, deliver and declare the account therein
particularly mentioned ; and to the further effect that he
was in the first instance to request the (^'ompany (if they
should think fit), to render such an account as would enable
the Lords Commissioners to see what were the funds of the
Company, and to judge how far their revenues had ^ien
apj)lied to objects provided for by the Charter. Hut if the
Company should refuse to render such an account he was

1H15.J

Ni:W KN'GLAND COMPANY

to apply to the Lord Cliaiirollor, Lords Coinmissionors of
tlic Treasury and Lord Chief Baron, or two of them, for a
warrant requiring the Coini)any to account; and he tliere-
fore desired to be informed, after his letter had been laid
before the Company, whether it were necessary to obtain
such warrant as aforesaid.

The clerk, at the General Court of the Company, held
23rd of November 1815, laid this letter before the Com-
1 any, and thereupon the Company, being anxious to prove
to the Lords, Commissioners that the rejjresentation which
had l)een made to them originated in misinformation,
ordered that the account referred to in the letter should be
prepared and delivered to their Lordsliips or tiieir solicitor
forthwith ; and likewise ordered their clerk to communicate
to ]Mr. Hobhouse the foregoing order and to request that
their Lordships would direct a copy of the charges made
against the Company and the name of the informant, to be
sent to them, to the end that the Company might render
any further information which should appear to them
necessary towards a full explanation of their conduct.

The clerk of the Company thereupon communicated this
order and request to ]\Ir. liobhouse. lie, however, made
no answer to the Company's request. Li pursuance of the
Company's order, " a true and perfect account of all and
" every the goods, chattels, and stock, then of or belonging
" to the Company, and of the rents, issues, and profits, of
" all and every the manors, lands, tithes, tenements and
" hereditaments, then of or belonging to the Company,"
including their annuities of £ 10 and .€90 (but not the estates
devised by Dr. Williams, or the accumulations thereof), and
showing the Company's rcceijjts and payments from the 8th
of March 1813, to the 8th of June 1815, was prepared, and
on the loth of December 1815, delivered to the solicitor
for the Lords Commissioners, inclosed in a letter to him
from the clerk of the Company, to the effect following, that
is to say : " Sir, In pursuance of the order of the General

1815. Nov.

Coiiijjauy's
answer.

1815. Dec.

Account
reudered.

UTf

■■«: ! I .

■f 51

ll'^ |i^

I,: i

If H

nisTOHY or THE

[1815.

" Court of the New iMijflaiid Company on the 23r(l ultimo,
" >f \\]iic\i 1 iorwardL'd to you a copy, I have now the
"' iiouour to enclose, for the information of the Lords Com-
" niissioners of II. ]M.'s Treasury, an aeeount of the property
" of the Company applicable to the pnrposcis of the Charter
" of Kin^ Charles II. and of their expenditure, as recpiired
" by your letter of the 28th of July last. The Company
" are also trustees of other property not noticed in the
" enclosed aeeoiuit, as its ai)i)lieati()n is not strictly confined
" to the same purposes as the Charter property, but may
" be extended to other objects, expressed in a scheme
" a|)j)roved of by the Court of Ciiancery on the 8th of
" Auj^ust 1808, and is subject to the control of that Court.
" Although no information has been afforded of the parti-
" cular con> plaints made against the Company, whereby
" they might know to what points particularly to direct
" their ex})lauation (which, as well as the i)arty making
" them, I am directed again to submit should be communi-
" Ciited), yet it seems advisable, for the full information of
" their Lordships, to observe that no salaries are ])aid in
" England, except to the clerk, the bookkeeper, and the
" receiver of the Eriswell rents ; that those salaries are
" very moderate, and that the governor, treasurer and
" aiulitors, act gratuitously ; and further, in order to render
" the accounts intelligible to their Lordships, briefly to
" state the plan at present adopted for carrying into execu-
" tion the objects of the Charter. In consequence of the
" s(>paration of the United States of America from Great
" Britain, it was in the opinion of the present Lord Chan-
" cellor, the late Chief Justice of the Court of Common
" Pleas and of Mr. Serjeant Hill, improper for the Cora-
" pauy to remit money to New England, arul the Indians
" in and about New Brunswick, as most adjacent to New
'' England and under the dominion of His Majesty, were
" considered proper objects of the Company's attention.
" They there take under their care 35 Indian children.

[1815.

IM.-).]

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY,

" who arc maintained in lOiij^lisli families, and instrneted in
" the i»rinei[)les of tin; Ciiristian religion, readinfjf, writing
" and also in some trade or hnsiness, hv the exercise of
" which it is hoped that siieh habits of civilization as they
" may iml)ihe during their early years may he jireserved.
" This is conducted under (reneral ColKn, who is termed
" the Su|)crintendent, with the assistance of religious in-
" structors and schoolmasters, who receive salaries; and
" these again are under the control of a l?oard of Commis-
" sioners, who act gratuitously, and receive their instruc-
" tions from the (!!omi)any in England, At a General
" Court of the Company, held on the 21th November 1811,
" the above plan, and the mode in which it had been
" conducted in America, were taken into consideration, and
" referred to a committee styled 'the Indian Committee,'
" by whom a variety of instructions and oljscrvations were
" forwarded to the commissioners at New Brunswick, havirg
" for their object the correction and improvement of the
" present plan, and its extension if that should ai)j)ear
" advisable ; or, if not, then for the establishing some further
" plan for the benefit of the Indians, on which the trust
" property of the Con\pany above alluded to might be
" employed. If their Lordships should wish to have the
" accounts prior to the perit)d at w Inch the enclosed com-
" uicnce they shall be furnished, although they will convey
" no additional inlbrniation. Trusting that on perusal of
" this letter and inspection of the accounts their Lordships
" will be satisfied with the conduct of the Company in the
" execution of a trust, rendered particularly arduous by the
" exercise of it at a distance from England, and in a place
" where so many local prejudices and difficulties arc to be
" conil)ated, and that they will accordingly signify such
" their satiofaetion, I remain," &c.

Al)out the end ot P-ptcmber 1820, the clerk of the J,ff [^.(y^P-
Company received a letter from the secretary to the Com- lnquiiy
missioners for Inquiring into Charities, dn ted the 13th of gjoners. '

li'i

UlSTfMlV OF TIIK

[1S2().

:ir.

!!i^

Siptoiuhcr ]H20, wlicrchy the secretary re(|ueste(l to l)e
(ninislied with a stateiuent of all the charities under the
niiiiia};('uieiit of the; (/ompany, dcserihiiijif the name of the
donor, the date and nature of the heuefaction, its annual
amount, for what purpose j^iven, and to what purposes it
was then applied.
1820. Oct. Thereupon tiie clerk of the Company, in pursuance of
nuBwcr."^ * instructions given him at a (iciun'al Court of the Company,
scMit to the secretary to the Charity Commissioners the
following letter: " 31st October ]H2(). Sir, Y(mr letter
" of the 13th ultimo, which was in the first instance sent
" to the residence of Mr. Saycr, the late clerk of tlic New
" England Com[)any, has since been forwarded to uic, as
" the Company's present clerk, and I will not fail to submit
" it to the governor and members. In the meantime, with
" a view of saving the Commissioner^ for Inquiring into
" Charities uinieccssary trouble, it will be proper I should
" state that the greater part of the estates and funds of the
" New England Company is destined and intended to be
*' applied for the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ
" amongst the heathen natives in or near New England,
" and the parts adjacent in America, and for the better
" civilizing, rducating a)id instructing of the said lieathen
*' natives ivi learning and in the knowledge of the true and
" only God aiul in the Protestant religion. The remaining
" part of the Company's estates and funds is destined and
" intended to be applied towards the advancement of the
" Christian religion amongst the Iiulians Blacks and
" Pagans, so far as such application in the maintenance,
" education, civilization and relief of the necessities of any
" Indians, Placks, or Pagans, may be connected with or
" subservient to the purposes of advancing the Christian
" religion. It may be proper also for me to mention that
" u'lder the Charter of the New England Company special
" visitors are appointed. I have thought it right to trouble
" you with this statement because, as the estatcis and funds

]((

182

"o
"f(

"aj

"d(
" A

" do

" Wl]

" Co

Til

pcrfe

last r

with,

niutic

as til

Trcas

and afl

t«

1820-1823.]

m:\v lnolaxj) company.

iliould
of the
to be
Christ
hind,
better
athen
le and
aiuing
d and
)f the
s and
lance,
f any
ith or
istian
n that
special
rouble
funds

" of tlic New I'^ii^Iaiid Company arc not ap[)licable cither
" for tlic cidiicatioii or (otherwise for the benefit of poor
" j)ersons in Knf^land or Wales; and as special visitors arc
" appointed l)y tiie Charter^ it appears to ine probable the
" Commissioners may consider that such estates and funds
" do not come under their investigation by virtue of the
" Acts of Parliament which regulate their powers. But I
" must 1)og it to be distinctly understood, that so far from
" intending this letter as an intimation that the Company
" will hesitate to answer yorr enquiries, I have very little
" doubt I shall be instructed to furidsh every information
" which the Commissioners may choose to require and the
" Company ought to give."

Tlie Commissioners for Inquiring into Charities were Kusult.
perfectly satisfied with the information given them by the
last mentioned letter, and never re({uired to be furnished
witli, nor in any manner applied for, any further infor-
mation concerning the Company.

In April 1823, the treasurri' received from Mr. Maule, 1823,
as tlie solicitor for the Lords Commissioners of II.M.'a ' ''","

• 11 • riirllicr

ircasury, a letter, which after referrmg to the letters written account

and account delivered in 1815, proceeded as follows: " These I'""'.'' ''"' ,

' '^ _ liy I, I mis ot

'' papers, with others on the same subject, have lately been Treusuiy.

" under the consideration of the law officers of the

" Crown, and in conformity to their opinion and to Mr.

" Saycrs' offer, T have to request that the Company will

" furnish me, for the information of my Lords, a further

" account of their receipts and disbursements, from the

" year 1800. I have further to request, in conformity to

" the same opinion, that the Conqriny will furnish a par-

" ticular account of the wliole of their property, whether

" applicable as they suppose to the Charter of King Charles,

" or to any other object. The law olHccrs have also de-

" sired to see the conveyance in 1GG3, from the trustees,

"Hutchinson and Mullins, to the Company; and I beg

" permission to inquire whether there will be any objection

" to my being furnished with u copy of it."

IIISTOllY OF TIIH

[1823.

Compiiny'n
uiiHwcr.

111

Further

IIIHlOllllt

rciulciril.

The treasurer, upon receipt of this letter, apprised Mr.
Maule that it was not thoiij;ht eompetent Cor an oflieer of
the Conii)iiny to comply with or reliise the rcijucst con*
taincd in his letter; but that a (.'ourt of the Company was
expeeted to he held in about three weeks, after which he
would receive an oflicial reply ; and in the meantime to
avoid the appearance of inattention, the treasurer informed
Mr. Maule of what he had reason to believe would be the
reply of the Company.

At a Sjjccial Court of the Company, held on the 15th
ISIay 1823, the treasurer and clerk of the Company were
authorized and requested to make out and deliver the
accounts requested by Mr. Maule: and it was at the same
time resolved, on the ground that the Company Avere not
compellable or authorized by their Charter, or otherwise,
to produce any of the title deeds or copies of them in the
v'.ay proposed, and on the general principle of not pro-
ducing deeds unnecessarily, especially as they were not in-
formed that the application was not liostilc, to decline in the
then present state of the business, furnishing the copy
asked of the conveyance referred to bv Mr. Maule. The
clerk of the Company was at the same time directed to
address a letter to Mr. Maule, to the cfTec- of these re-
solutions, and it was at the same time referred to a select
com: )f the Company to carry on any further corre-

g*^ . or commmiication with the solicitor of the

.4fy, and to take any further steps which they might

^m proper on the part of the Company, in conscque ■,ce
of, or in relation to, the api)lication from the solicitor of the
Treasury. Shortly after the Court of the 15th May 1823,
the clerk of the Company sent to Mr. Maule a letter to
the effect of these resolutions of the Company.

In pursuance of these resolutions and directions of the
Company, an account of all sums of money received, issued,
and paid, by or for the Company, from the 31st day of
December 1801, to the 31st March 1822, was made out,
and on the 10th July 1823, delivered to Mr. Maide.

1823.]

NEW KNdLAM) COMPANY.

After tlic (Iclivci'v tlicrcof mo iipi)lioation was ever made
by the lionls C(>ininis8iouoi's, or on their behalf to the
Company for any further exphmation or information.

In pursuance of th(^ power to appoint odiecrs, containctl \,.\v K,i;r.
in tiieir Charter, the Comijany from time to time cliosc '"''' <^'"'«

' •' _ _ . Ulllllldl'S.

members of the Company to be a committee for anditinj^
the aceonnts of the (/omjjany, and there are (and have for
many years be(;n) three such auditors, witli power to thi^m
or any two of them to audit the aceonnts of the (Company.
Accordinf;ly the auditors, or two of them periodically
audit the Company's accounts and after carefully examin-
inj? and compariuf? the same with the receipts aiul vouchers
contained therein they sij^n their approbation in the
marj^in or at the foot of such accounts.

These accounts have for the last ten years and more been riintpil
annually printed and circulated anu)nfif the members and
rendered to the Charity Commissioners.

The ancient province of New Euf^land (being the terri- I-imits of
tory which in the Charter is called New England) is under-
stood to have consisted of all that part of America lying
in breadth from 40 to 48 degrees of northerly latitude,*
and to have comprised those parts of America now called
New Brunswick, Novi Scotia and Canada West. There
have always been in and near to the territory in the
Charter called New England and the parts adjacent in
America, and particularly there have for many years past
been and arc now in Canada West, manv heathen natives
and their children, for whose benefit the trust estates and
funds of the Company under the Charter, and +!ie rents
and profits, interest, dividends and annual produce thereof,
have from time to time been, an(i are now, applicable in
manner directed by the Charter. In consequence of a
memorial addressed in 18."2() to the Company by the lion.
and Rev. Dr. Stewart, afterwards Lord Bishop of Quebec,

* These liiiiils appear iu tliu Plymouth Company's Chai'ter iu the same (17lh)
wiiUiry. y

D 2

k '

R I

HISTORY or rut

W«» •;• •■ ••

'■^"1R2C.

1820.

Al)|)li('ati()ii
of liu'oinc
in Can:u!a.

and ill co!isc(jiicnco of numcimis i^jj^^^ls ;«1i'l.?r^ij^irmuica-'
tioiis from time to time rcctMvcd hy the Comi);;!!} iVom
their Commissioners in America, and other j)crsony (several
of whom were s[)ecially appointed for the puri)osc of making
incpiiries there) tlic Company have, ever since the year
1S20, ajjplied a consichirahlc part (and fo''jn any -years, in-
deed, the [)rineipal p' .) of the vcaj:ly uct income of their
trnst estates and funds for promoting; and propaj^ating the
the (jiospel of Christ unto and amonj^st the hinithen natives
in Canada West,"^ and for civilizing, teaching, and instruct-
ing the heathen natives and thtiir cldkh'cn, not only in the
principles and knowledge of the true religion, and in
morality and in the knowledge of the I'higlish tongue, and
in other liberal arts and sciences, but for the educating and
placing them and their children in some trade, mystery,
(H' lawful calling. Up to the year 183 1, the whole of the
clear rents and profits, interest, dividimds, and annual pro-
duce of the Com|)any's trust estates and funds were for
many years regularly and faithfully applied for the benefit
in this manner of sevcrai hundred of the heathen natives
and their children in Canada West,* and in carrying into
execution in New Br Miswick the purposes of the Charter
according to the plans and recommendations of jNTajor-
Gencral Coffin. There have always been in such parts of
America as are under allegiance to her Majesty, and par-
ticularly in Canada West* many infidels for the advance-
ment of the Christian religion amongst whom the an-
nuity of £90 was by the Decree of the 23rd of April 1792,
directed to be, and together with the income arising from
the accumulations thereof was for many years before 1831,
regularly and faithfully a[)plied. There have always been in
H. M.'s plantations and colonics, and particularly in Canada
West* and in Jamaica, Demcrara, Saint Christopher's and
Nevis, many Indians Blacks and Pagans, towards the ad-
vancement of the Christian religion amongst whom and in

* Now the Province of Oiitni io.

Wil

18:30-18300

NEW I NO LAN I) COMPANY.

whose inaintriiaiicc, rchication, civiliziilion and relief, the
rents and profits of the (!statcs devised hy Dr. Williams, and
of tin; projjerty i)y the s.iid deenx' of the 8th of Angnst 1808,
direetcd to he [)urchased witli tiu; aecutnuhitions tliereof,
w(M'e 1)y the hist mentioned decree directed to be paid and
ap[)iie(h

Accordingly the income of Dr. Williams's trn«t property
was applied from year to year in this manner iu Canada
and the West Indies.

With reference to the (^om^jany's SnfVolk property serious
questions arose on several occasions.

Tu 18'2.'5, litigation as to the liability of the Company's
land; ai)ont 100 acres in Mildcniiall parish, to pay titli(;j
was commenced by an alleged parceller, Wing ; who filed
his bill in Chancery against the Comjiany's tenant to compel
the payment of tithe. On the death of Manning, their
tenant, the suit was continued against his rci)res(!ntativcs.
The Company conducted the defence, and ultimately, in
May 1833, succeeded in obtaining the dismissal of Wing's
bill with costs.

The inclosurc in Eriswell jjarish took place under an
award iu 1818. INIany liundrcd acres of the Company's
land up to that ":ime were mere rabbit warren and sheep walk,
and surround<xl by similar land in adjoining parishes,
and the soil so light that agriculture was impossible,
without providing the shelter of extensive plantations and
the extinction of rabbits and keeping all the game within
bounds.

For many years after 1818, these objects were steadily
pursued by the Company, and the land thereby increased in
value. For a long time the rector, amongst other persons^
had permission from the Company to shoot over their land.
But this permission to the rector was withdrawn in October
1830, for two reasons; 1st, because one of the Company's
servants, Rutherford (who was employed by them to destroy
rabbits, and held their deputation of the manor of Eriswell

1823.

r.itij^atioii
iis to titlif^s.
.MiMcMhull,
Sullulk.

Questions
as to game.

1830.
Litignlion

IjOtWCLMl

Coiupy.'s
servant ami
tin: rector
of Eriswell.

l\:l i

I m<

IIISTOUY or THE

[1831.

1834.
A.-G. t'.
New Eiig-
laiul Co.
Suit as to
game, etc.

as gamckcoj)cr) had recovered damages in an action of libel
and slander brought by him against tiie rector ■,'^ and,
2ndly, because vague and unsubstantiated charges had been
made by the rector against the treasurer of the Company.

The Company, on consideration of an offer in 1832, to
hire their shooting, declined to alter the plan which they
had long adopted as most beneficial to their property and
their tenants.

In 1831 the rector became the relator in a Chancery
suit as to the Company's affairs, and specially charging
them with mismanagement as to the gam

On the 3rd of March 1831, an Information was filed in
the Court of Chancery by the Attorney-General, at the
relation of the Kev. Edward Evans, clerk, tho rector of
Eriswcll, against the Company and their treasurer. This
Information stated the Act or ordinance of the Long
Parliament, passed in 1G19, under which the original funds
of the Company were collected, and their present Charter,
dated 7th Eebruary IGGl, and the will of the llev. Daniel
AVillianis, D.D., dated 26th June 1711, and the suspension
of the Company's proceedings in New England consequent
on the breaking out of the American war, and the suit iu
1808 relating to the property left by Dr. Williams to the
Company, and referred to the estates and other property
acquired by the Company under their Charter and under
Dr. Williams' will and the decree of 1808, and contained a
general charge of misapplication of the Company's property
and income, and special charges as to the game on their
estates, and their not letting the right of sporting over
their estates. The Information prayed an account of the
property and income of the Company, and of their dispo-
sition and application thereof, limiting such account as re-
garded the estates devised by Dr. AVilliams to the rents
and profits received since the date of the decree of the 8th
of August 1808, and that the property imd income of the
* Kullieiforcl r. Evan

G Biuy. Idl.

!!' i

M)if i;

1831.]

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

Company might be applied, under the dircetion of the Court,
towards the purposes pointed out l)y their Charter, regard
being had to any speeiiic trusts afl'eeting the same, and also
to the decree of 8th August 1808, as far as it afteeted the
estates devised by Dr. Williams, and if necessary for a
scheme and for general relief.

The Company, and their then treasurer, put in their
Answer on the 9th of August 1831, giving a detailed
statement of the history of the Company and of all their
property, both that subject to the trusts of their
Charter and that subject to the trusts Uv.„lared by the
decree of 8th August 1808 ; and also the rent-charge
granted to them in pursuance of the will of the honourable
llobert Boyle (the first governor of the Company), and
its accumulations ; and showing the application of their
funds in America originally (and up to the period of the
Company^s resolution of 19th of May 1779), by means
of Commissioners and a treasurer resident in America,
and principally at or near Boston in New England ; and
the proceedings of the Company and others in relation to
their affairs consequent on the declaration and acknowledge-
ment of the Independence of the United States ; and ))ar-
ticularly the transfer, made under the advice of Mr. Ser-
jeant Hill and Lord Eldon, then jNIr. Scott, by the Com-
pany's resolations of 25th April ] 78G, of the exercise of
the trusts of their Charter to the province of New
Brunswick, at first by means of the Lieutenant-Governor,
the Chief Justice, and other inhabitants of that province,
as the Company's commissioners and treasurer there ; and
in consequence of their ill success and resignation in
1801, the adoption by the Company, in January 1S08,
of Major-GCiieral Coflin's plans and reconunendations.'^
The Answer ilso stated the suit instituted in 1788, by
the Attorney-Cieneral and by Dr. Porteus, then Bishop

"* Tlit'so iilaiis ulsi, at'tur full trial were fouml to fail and tlu) Company's
operations in Nl'W l',nuis\vicl< \viiull}' l-cum'iI in tlit^ yi'ur 1830.

Cdnipnny's
answer.

IIISTOIIV OF THE

[183G.

Hli

I n

isil

J '

h: '

■' '. «

|M!

1: :i'

, 1

of London, against the city of Loudon and this Com-
pany ; and the decrees of the Court of Chancery in 1792,
dcchiring the trusts of the honourable Rol)ert Boyle's rent-
charge and its accunmlaticns ; and fully explained the suit
of 1808, as to the estates devised to them by Dr. Williams,
and the accumulations of the income derived from that
source during the suspension of their operations in
America. The Answer set out full, detailed and classified
accounts of the income and expenditure of the Company,
from the 31st of March 1H22, referring to their accounts
rendered to the Treasury up to that date, and negatived
any misapplication of their property or income; stated
the oflbrs whicli had been made to them to let the right of
sporting over their estates, and their reasons for lefusing
such offers ; explained the practice pursued as to the
game on their estates, and the reason and advantage of
such practice, and exposed the conduct of the relator,
uith reference to the Company and their ollicers and
servaiits.
Subsequent The Answer was excepted to, but withont success, in
order to obtain a classification of the Company's accounts
from 181 1. t-j 1822.

Some frivolous and vexatious amendments were then
introduced into the Information. But the Attorney-
General being attended thereon ordered that the suit
should proceed as if no amendment had been made.

By the decree made at the hearing of the cause on 2(5th
July 1830 (and afterwards duly enrolled) the Court de-
clared that according to the true construction of the Com-
pany's Charter, the income of their charter property ought
to l)e, and had up to that time been, from time to time
faithfully laid out, disposed, employed and apjjlied for
promoting and propagating the Gospel of Christ unto and
amongst the heathen natives in the ])art of America now
called Upper Canada and elsevvheie, in or near the terri-
tories by the said Charter described as New England and

proceed
inga

1836.
Decree.

1836.]

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

parts adjacent in America; and also for civilizing, t( a(;liinu-,
and instructing, the said heathen natives and their children,
not only in the principles and knowledge of the true reli-
gion and in morality and in the knowledge of the English
tongue, and in other liberal arts and sciences, but for the
educating and placing of them or their children in some
trade, mystery, or lawful calling ; and also declared that
the rent charge of £[)0 per annum, granted in pcr})etuity
to the Company, in })ursnance of the directions and by the
executors of the Will of the Honourable Robert Boyle, arul
the income of the accumulations thereof, had been up to
that time from time to time (hdy ai)plicd by the CompaTiy
for the advancement of the Christian i -] ■:;ion among
infidels in divers parts of America under the dominion of
His Majesty, in pursuance of ihe said Decree of l^rd
April 1792 ; and also declared that the income of the pro-
perty from time to time vested in the Company upon the
trusts of the Will of Dr. Williams and for the purposes
specified in the said Decree of 8th August 1808, had been
up to that time from time to time duly paid and apjilied
by the Company towards the advancement of the Christian
religion among Iiulians, Blacks and Pagans, in several of
His Majesty's Plantations and Colonies, and in maintain-
ing, educating and relieving the necessities of the said
Iiulians, Blacks and Pagans, so far as such application in
the maintenance, education and civilization and relief of
the necessities of the same Indians, Blacks and Pagans,
was connected with or subservient to the purpose of ad-
vancing the Christian religion. And it was ordered that
the rclator*s Information should be dismissed as to the
rest of tlie relief sought thereby.

■

Bw? t

HISTORY OF THE

[1823-31,1:^^-31.]

The 3rd Schedule to the Answer filed Dth August, 1831, showed that the CoraLny's Receipt
had been as follows : —

Eeceu'ts.

1823. 1821. 1825.

1826.

1827.

E-cnts, Dividends, and

£. s. d.

£ s. d. £. s. d.

£. s. d.

Cas-ual Profits

2131 11 2

4738 11 3570 15 5

3315 11 4

2722 9 8

Exeliequer Bills sold. . .

514 8 4

Payments.

2G45 19 G

Building, Plputing, He-

pairs, and General

Expenses

1405 7 9

1919 14 3

1408 9 6 1173 10 3 2(55 LS 3

1240 11 9

2818 10 9

2162 5 11

2142 1 1 2450 11 5

Exchequer Bills bought

785 1046 5

933 15

1049 10

IIemittances.

455 11 9

1772 11 9

1228 10 11

1407 1 5

To New Brunswick,

Nova Scotia, Hud-

sou's Bay, Canada,

and West Indies ...

1013 14 6

763 8 1219 9 10

1822 9 10

1571 17

1828.
£. s. d.

2;)23 17

515 10 8

2108 6 4

516 7 6

1891 18 10

1702 9

During the four months from 31st March 1831, the Schedule showed that the

and remitted to Canada and the West Indies £530, being a total expenditure of; t'jr.O. 12s

Jutiipany had

[1823-3 li:jL!-31.] NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 43

the Conirtivny's Receipts aud PaymeutSj up to 1st April in each of the twelve previous years.

17.

s. d.

9 8

1828.

1829.

1830.

1831.

£. s. d. : £. s. d. £, s. d. £. s. d.

1832.

1833.

1834.

£ s. d.. £. s. d.\ £

2;)23 17 3707 G G 4025 G 381)8 1 10 3014 4 1 3400 12 8 2911 4 11

IS 3

1047 2 (!

5072 9

2254 9 G

5G55 2 2

515 10 8 1174 IG 3 787 7 8 73G 9 2011 11 2 1728 7 10 1824 15 2

2408 G 4 : 2592 10 3 4285 1 4 31G1 12 10 , 1032 12 .1 392G 14 4 108G 9 9
510 7 73G 2 8'

that the
(liturc of

1702 9 2712 10 3727 10 8 3289 10 2331 18 2015 12 1824 15 2

'oiupany had received £1089, and had paid for expenses in England £420. \2s.,

ill

IIISTOUY OF Til 10

[1839.

1838. In the month of March 18'38, Mr. Joseph llumc, M.P.

iiioiioii'(oi* ^'^'' K^ill^cniiy, presented a petition to tlic House of Com-

thu part of mons from Sir Ilcnrv Bedingficld, Hurt., stating that
Sir Henry

Ikiliiig-
fiul(l) Cor
returns of
the New
England
Comptmy.

O|)pose(l by
Goverii-

iilCUt.

certain estates in the County of Suffolk helonging to hia
ancestors had heen confiscated and the proceeds vested in
certain trustees fur the purpose of promoting the spread of
the Gospel in New England ; and as the object in view no
longer existed and as the rental of the estates was not
applied to this purpose, he prayed the House to take the
matter into its consideration.

In the following month Mr. Hume moved for a return of
the names of the persons forming the Society incorporated
on rth of February l(iG2, by King Charles the II., by the
name of the " Company for the Propagation of the Gospel
in New England and the parts adjacent in America ;"
together with an account of the several lands, whether
freehold, copyhold, or leasehold, and distinguishing the
same; also the tithes held and enjoyed by such Company,
stating the annual value of such lauds and in what parish
or parishes of j']ngkind such lands are situate ; also an
account of all other stock funds or property belonging to
the Company, or held in trust for its use or purposes; and
a copy of the annual accounts as made up for the year 1837,
or year 183C5. Mr. Daniel Whittle Harvey, :\1.P. for
South wark (who had been solicitor for the relator in tlie
suit of 1834-0), supported Mr. Hume's motion.

On that occasion the tiien governor and treasurer of the
Company waited on Sir George Grey, then the Colonial
Secretary, and at his request the late Lord Chancellor
Cran worth, then Solicitor-General, opposed the motion
and said he must give his decided opposition to the motion
of the honourable member for Kilkenny. If the House
took cognizance of every case which ought to be carried
into the courts of law there would be no time left for the
House to devote its attention to its Icgitim.-tc business.
He rested his opposition to the motion on the principle that

'■'

1838-1839.]

NKW EMfJLAND COMPANY

Motion
rcfusud.

1839.
New nc-

(•(iiiiit books
ojniii'd.

this was an incorporated charity just like any other and if
tlicrc were any abuse in it he must say, iiotwitlistanding
wliat had fallen from the honourable member for South-
M'ark, that the ordinary modes for obtaining redress were
open to the partic;s aggrieved. Not only that but it
appeared that the accounts had already been the subject of
investigation and of a decree! in the Court of Chancery.
The Cliancellor of the Exchequer could have no jurisdiction
in the case.

On a division the; numbers were '27 for the motion, 50
against it.

In consequence of the investigation of the Company's
accounts which took place on the occasion of the suit in
Chancery (Attorney-General v. New England Company)
suggestions were made for an improved method of keeping
the accounts and accordingly new books were opened in
the year 1839, and a valuation or estimate of the Company's
property was then taken. The Company's property in
England then consisted principally of the two rent charges,
and the farms and cottages in Suflblk, Essex and Kent
and money in the ''unds. The Company also held lands
and buildings in Canada under diflerent Colonial grants.
The value of these different classes of property was, in 1839, Esiimatid
ascertained by taking the cottages at 20 years purchase on
their rental, the farms at 28 years purchase on their rental
the rent charges at '^0 years purchase on their amount
and the money in the funds at the then market price
thereof and an estimate was made of the value of the
Company's manorial rights, timber and titlics, and a very
roughly estimated value of the Canadian lands and buildings
seems to have been ado})tcd.

As to the principle of apportioimient adopted in the
Company's accounts between their three trusts it was
remembered that the Company's Suflblk estate belonged
partly to the Charter fund and partly to Dr. AV'illiams's
fluid ; that the Kent estate belonged wholly to the Charter

C'oini)nny'3
pruiicrly.

value.

Apportion-
ment

between the
three trusts.

^^:

iiisTOHV or THE

[1830.

fund and the Essex estate wholly to Dr. AVilliams's fund ;
that the accumidations of the income of Dr. Williams's
fnnd dnring and snbscqnent to the American War had been
invested under Lord Chancellor Eldon's decree made in
1808, in the purchase of the estate formerly Evans's which
was nnich intermixed with the Company^s Charter estates
in Suflblk ; that their Charter estates in Suffolk and the
estate late Evans's were almost all in the })arish of Eriswell
and together formed nearly the whole of that parish ; that
on the inclosure of the open lauds in that parish in the year

1818, Mr. Thomas Bainbridge, the Inclosure Commissioner,
made distinct allotments to the Company in respect of their
ancient or Charter estate and in respect of their then new
purchase from Mr. Evans ; that these allotments were also
much intermixed with one another ; that Mr. Bainbridge
had accordingly at the request of the Company in the year

1819, surveyed the Company's estates both in Eriswell and
the adjoining parish of ]\Tildonhall and ascertained the
annual value of every part of the Company's estates there,
distinguishing the value of their Charter estates and the
estate late Evans's and that the annual value thus ascertained
of the former was .€1717. 5*. 3(L, and the annual value of
the latter €632. 4.9. ^,)d., being in the ])roportion of 73
hundredths to 27 hundredths very nearly; that, according to
this valuation, the actual rental of the Suffolk estate in 1839
was apportioned between the Charter trust and Dr. AVil-
liams's trust in the proportion of 73 to 27 ; that the whole
income of the Kent estate was in 1830 treated as belon";in<r
to the Charter trust and the whole income of the Essex
estate as belonging to Dr. Williams' trust.

The accumulations of Boyle's annuity prior to the year
179 t, were invested in the purchase of CI !()0 Hank €3 per
cent. Reduced Annuities. The income arisir.g from this
sum and the annuity itself from 1801 to 1821, were not
expended owing to the discontinuance by the ('oniijany
of their operations in New Brunswick, but w(;re invested

II
A

n
k
tl

t(
11

1839.]

Ni;W ENGLAND COMPANY.

in the purcliase of X'2!)00 Bank .C3 per cent. Reduced
Annnitics.

Tlie trnstf to mIiIcIi tlie ineomc of tlio throe funds is
a|)plicable bc.iifj; siniihir, but not identieal, the intention
in 18.'59 Mas that the Conipany''s accounts shouhl be so
kci)t, as after payment of all t;c'ncral diaries to distinguish
tlie clear income every year belonging to each of these three
funds, in the same manner as if the property of the three
funds had belonged to three partners.

I. The English jiroperty of the Company in 1839, subject
to the trusts of their Charter, consisted of the following
particulars : —

1. The Suffolk estates, bought in the time of the
Commonwealth from the Bedingfields by the Company's
predecessors (who were intended and attempted to be
incorporated by the Long Parliament in 10 19) and the
additions made thereto by the Company's purchases
in 17GG, from Dresser; and in 1774 from John and N.
Robinson; and in 177G from Bailey and Thomas Robin-
son; and in 1813 from Bramston ; and in 1820 from
Sparrow.

2. The Suffolk Place estate, at Plumstcad in Kent, also
purchased by the Company's predecessors, in the time of
the Commonwealth.

3. The land-tax on the foregoing estates in Suffolk and
Kent redeemed by the Company in 1801,

4. Pcnoyer's rent charge or annuity of c€lO, secured
on an estate in Norfolk, called Vance's and derived
under the will of William Penoyer and payable by
Christ's Hospital.

5. £10,8G7. 75. lOf/, Bank £3 per cent. Reduced
Annuities.

II. The property of the Company subject to the trusts
of Boyle's annuity or rent charge consisted in 1839, of
the following particulars : —

1. The rent charge or annuity of .£90, charged on the

1839.
1. I'artini-
Inrs of New
En{;land
Coinjjaiiy's
cliiirttT
pr()])rvty iu
Eiiglnud.

TT.

Hoyle's

tnist.

'!!'

! 1''

'18

HISTORY Of Tin:

[1839-1833.

III.

Dr. Wms.
Trust.

manor of l^rafTortou in Yoi'ksliiro and lauds tlifrc nndcr
tho Will of the Honourable Robert IJoylc, tin; first
f^ovcrnor of the Company, and payable by the soeiety for
advancing the Christian faith in the West Indian Islands.
2. The sum of 1 1300 Bank £3 per cent. Reduced
Annuities.

III. The property subject to the trusts of Dr. Williams'
estates consisted in 1839 of the following particulars : —

1. The Essex estates, the reversion of which was devised
by Dr. Williams' Will in 1711, and came into the posses-
sion of the Company partly upon the death of Hannah
Bradley in 1745, and partly upon the breaking out of tho
American war, and the consccjucnt incaj)acity of Harvard,
or Cambridge College in New England to derive any
further benefit under Dr. Williams' Will.

2. The land tax on the Essex estates redeemed by the
Company in 1801 and 1808.

3. The Suffolk estates bought under the decree of
1808 from Thomas Brown Evans.

-1. The great tithes of their own and of some otiier
lands in the parish of Beckingham in Essex, bought
by the Company in 1810 and

5. A cottage at Beckiiigham bought by the Company
in 181G.

Changes
ill (Juiii-
])imy's
property.

Between 1839 and 1855 considerable alterations were
nuide in the Company's property l)y })crmanent improve-
ments, planting and building and by sundry purchases of
cottages and land at Eriswell. These purchases the Com-
pany for several years made almost yearly. They sold
between 1839 and 1855, for these and other purposes, con-
sideral)le parts of their ,€10,8G7. 76'. 1()(/. Bank Annuities,
leaving €4,517. 7.v. \0d. only in their hands on the Charter
account; part of the Kent estate had also in 1818, been
bought by the South-Eastern Railway Company.

1»ll 2.

NKW KNOI.ANn ro>rPANY.

41)

In the year cndiiif; 3()th Jtino 181.2, the N. E. Co.'n
general income and expenditure ^tood thus : —

Received in En (//and : — £ s. d.

Net rent of Suttblit estate 1055 19 2

1 5 1. 8

G05 1 ()

89 5 2

9 2

455 4

„ SufTolk Place, Plumstead, Kent

„ „ Essex estate

Rent charge, l^nle's, Hralf'erton, Yorkshire

,, Penoycu's, Vances, Norfolk

Dividends of Government Annuities . . .

General expenses: — Otfice rent and attend- ^
ance, hotel charges, book-keeper's
salary, law cliarges, stationery, etc.

Net r Charter trust, £1120 \l 2

surplus^ Dr. Williams's do. 795 12 2

for L Boyle's do. 195 1 7

Eii'pended in Canada : —

At Grand River Station

At Rice and Chemong Lakes Station .
At Bay of Quinte School, etc. .

23(58 13
251 5 1

2117 7 11

Expended in West Indies.

. 1897 12 2

. 089 2 10

128 18 2

2715 13 2
50

2705 13 2

This expenditure ])elongcd to the three trusts
in the following proportions : —

Charter trust . .£181315 0-

Dr. Williams's trust 700 !> 2705 13 2

Boyle's trust . . 221 18 2.

1*1

1 ■

li •

'■'-

; :

;i ■

i>()

HISTORY OF THE

[1840-55.

On a review in 1855 of the Now England Company's accounts
been changed, it was found that their net income and expenditure

ill

•i ;i

Net Income.

In year

ending
30tli

Cliarter.

Dr. Williams. Boyle.

Total.

June.

£
1572

£.
4GGG

.¥. a.

*1840

£
2833

d.
3

s. d. ' £ s.
5 5 2G0 19

18J;1

1325

818

3 11 190 18

2334

5 8

18i2

112G

795

12 2

195 1

2117

7 11 i

1843

988

729

G G 196 12

1914

3 5

18M

1345

929

4 11 207 5

2 2482

3 6

1845 : 1399

953

7 7 200 15

5 2554

1 5

?S4G 1344

812

i
2 'l9G 5

ZOictj

7 2 '

1847 1134

7G2

13 2 170 19

7 20G8

8 10 ,

1S48 167G

888

17 11

193 11

7 ., 2758

12 11

1849

1293

853

8 11

191 16

6 2339

1 10 1

1850

1248

794

3 5

188 7

2230

15 1 1

1851

1258

801

13 3

193 12

2254

2 5 1

1852

1177

823

189 1

2189

17 j

1853

1280

G68

13 9

188 10

2137

6 10

1854

1580

902

19 51

198 11

2682

1 5|

tl855

1201

7G2

3 lOf

186 19

2151

1 3J

* Nearly two years' Rents and Dividends were received in tliis year,
t Eyer since 1855 a statement ol' the xlccounts of tUe Company has been annually
pi-inted for the information of the members of the Company.

';l

f.,«,t

1840-55.]

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

for Iho sixteen years since the mode of keeping the accounts had
annually to 30th Juno in each year had been as follows : —

Expenditure.

Grand River.

Eice and

Chemong
Lakes.

Bay of
Quinte.

; Garden
River.

Wvoi, Andios.

Total.

£ *.

£ *. d.

£ s. d.

£ s. d.\ £ s. d.

£ s. d

2150

675

67 10

1500

3392 10

1889 2

805

22 10

271G 13

1897 12

689 2 10

128 18 2

50 2765 13 2

1G7G 14

483 1

22 10

1
50 2232 4 5

1975

577 3

1 2597 3

1880

475

67 10

2422 10

1G02 10

415

2062 10

1620

405

12070 h

1712 10

410

2167 10

1711 12

350

12106 12 2

1G80

475

2245

1G31. 3

400

12079

1G05

510 19 8!

67 10

2183 9 8

1G30

425 1

2100

1172 3

450

1967 3 4

1350

525

45 .

1926 6

K 2

i' < M

iii

•

V. i

, i

1 1

RECEIVED IN ENGLAND.

Net rents niul iiiofits (less
outlay ill imp/ovemcnts) : —

Suffolk Estate

Essex „

Kent „

Kent Charges : — Boyle's ...
„ „ Pcaoycr's...

Dividends

llice and Clieniong Lakes 1
timber J

Kaiiyeageh Church Fund ...

Sale of Government Annuities

EXPENDED IN ENG-
LAND.

Investments

IlISTOKY OK THi: [1850-0)8

The New Eiij^laiitl Company's anuuallv printed

1850. 1857. 1858. ' 1859. 18G0. I 1861.

& s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.
1603 7 11 1899 10 1853 IG 17U 3 11 1805 8 10 1801 15 s

1802.

£ s. d.

17-15 5 5

321 1 6 1 449 11 455 7 3i 071 16 T\ 489 4 8 611 11 c! 583 15 4

728 11

86 12 6

130

117 7 8 225 14 11 176 1

63 2 6 284 11 7 96 H 4

*168 7 6i 97 6 3 92 1 3 ' 80 12 6 95 12 6 86 8 9
«20 o! 10 10 10 10 O' 10 (^

1856-68.]
Stateme

297 2 6 1 297 2 6 239 15 4

305 !

i
I

962 4 S 1588 19 9

2952 7 1 13941 15 4 4416 1

302 13 8

2649 13 2
General Exiiunscs | 422 14 11

,2220 18 6
EXPENDED IN CANADA.
Grand River Settlcnicnt 1230

Rice and Chemong Lakes ... 700 10 10

liayofQuinte 45

(i.irden River Station 1 50

Colpoy's l?ny

African Frecdinen's School "1

and Mis.siou in New >

Bnm.swick J

J^ishoj) of Rupert's Land ...

Dr. O'Mcara

Peter Martin

K iiiycagch Church Fund ...

EXPENDED IN JAM .\ICA.

2033 4 7

2382 10 5
318 7 1 377 1

3023 8 3 2005 14 11

2550 1930
275 035

215 4 208 7 8' 135 17 3

2400

2760 15 10 2893 4 1015202 4 (i
104 19 3 23 2 2576 17 10

2055 16 7 2870 4 8 2625 S
329 8 9 434 5 1 324 13 11

2320 7 10 2435 19 7 2300 12 'J

2130 1780 2080
425 480 505

3290 4 11

335 18 11

29.54 6

45 45 Oi 86 1 11 45 45 (J I

j >

180 150 200 150 150
50

50
100

105

1390
715

4,)

i
l.).( ■

2145 10 10 3250 ' 2700 2841 1 11 2560 2780_0 <> ^jj"
* Two years' Reut Charges received iu 1856.

[185G-08.
\ printed

1861.
£ *.
1861 15

611 11

96 11

86 8

1856-68.] NKw i::jglani) company.

Statements of Accounts shew tae following results

1802. ' 1863.
£ J. rf. ' £ s. d.

1864. *
£ s. d.

1865.

1866.

1867.

d. \ £ s. d.\ B s.

135 17

;

2400

5202 4

2576 17

2625

324 13

2300 12

2080

505

1745 5 5 2110 17 12278 13 125,U 9 4 2678 18 112425 17

583 15 4 735 4 5 706 17 5 , 655 1 5i 648 12 5 ' 602 8

728 11 6 265 12 6 123 17 8 208 3 310 5 10 204 9

86 12 6 87 09 18 9 90 90 90

10 10 o' 10 10 10 10

130 2 136 2 136 2 130 2 13G 2 1S6

135 207 5 9

I 1868

rf. I £ s. d.

a 2244 10 8

2 732 13 8

5j 345 15 7

Oi 90

0^ 10
2

3290 4 11 3374 14 2,3490 7 1 3891 2 387J 17 4 3468 15

' 13113 9 3

335 18 11 370 18 3 1 624 1 11 357 10 636 1 7 574 15 2 ! 554 6 3

2 i 3422 19 6
309 10 3

21)54 6 3003 15 11 2866 5 2 3533 10 2:3337 15 9 2894 2559 3 1

2027 7 6

1 826 12 6
0, 45
O! 220 e

2780 (I l^il't

iiisToiiY or THIS

[1813-1860.

1843-1853
Milduuhull
titlit.-
questiou.

18C0.

Com-
promise.

1858.

Chai-ity
Com-

luissioDers.

Mr. S.
Christy's
mubiun in
Paiiiameut.

Mana(jement anu Salii; oi' Suffolk. PuopiiUTy.

Alter the passin*;; of tlic griioral Tithe-cornrautation
Act of IS.'iG, the question of titlie-cxeiuption again arose
as to the Company's hind in Mihlenhall, and a tithe snit
was commenced in 1843 by Sir Henry Bnnbnry, as
lay impro[)riat()r in the Court of Chancery. Much litigation
ensued in tlie Common Law Courts, and after an elaborate
argument on four days, in IKK), in the Court of
Queen's IJench, by John Paget I'^sq., one of the members
o( this Company, in a cause of Flanders c. Buubury*
{which was one of many appeals by way of feigned issue
under the Act) ; the claim of exemption under the
Mildenhall Inclosure Act and award was upiield by a
solemn judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench (8th
of June 1848). Some years afterwards, however, an
action was brought on for trial by Sir Henry Bunbury,
as impropriator against Fuller,t before Erie, J., Mheua ver-
dict was found against Sir Henry ; the learned judge being
of opinion that the Inclosure Act and Award were a bar to
the action. Sir Henry tendered a bill of excejjtions to
this ruling, and thereupon obtained, in 18.j3, a judgment
in his favour. Ultimately, in 18G0, the Company com-
promised with the baronet and obtained from him a release
of his rights, if any.

In January 1838, the Charity Commissioners applied to
the Company's agents for information as to the Company's
affairs, and under the advice of counsel the Company have
ever since rendered annual accounts to the commissioners.

In March lo58, on the motion of Mr. S. Christy, M.P.
for Neweastle-under-Lyme, the House of Commons voted
an address to the Crown for a " Return of the income and
* 9 Eiohbquer Iteports, lil. u. t y Exchequa- llcportb, 111.

1858-1803.]

NEW KNOKANl) COMPANY.

1 i

1 ''^

■ ■M

" expenditure of the New England Company, togntber
" with copies of the Charter of Incorporation, and of any
" subsequent Charters, Leases, Bequests, or other Orants
" from which the present income of the Company is de-
" rived."

By the desire of Lord Stanley, then Under Secretary for
the Colonies, the Company furnished a general statement
of the New England Company's cash for the year ending
31st December 1857, and a balance sheet of the New
England Company to the 31st December 1857, showing
an estimate of the fixed property or capital of the New
England Company, and the amount of debts due to and by
the Company, with the proportion of capital and debts
which pertain to each of the Company's three trusts, and
a statement of the gross yearly rental and income of the
Company, and a copy of their Charter, aiul a copy of the
decree of the Court of Chancery in 1836.

A London ncws[)aper, 'The Evening Star,' of April 3rd
1858, contained an article on the subject of the New
England Company, referring to Mr. Christy's motion, and
to the efforts of Mr. Isbister, in conjunction with Mr.
Kingsmill, the chaplain of the Pentonville Model Prison,
to obtain from the Company a small grant in aid of the
Manitoulin Islands mission, and calling on Lord Stanley
to divert the New England Company's funds to the Indians
of the Hudson's Bay territories.

In 1803, on the motion of some unavowed informant, lSfi:5.
the Attornev-G'" oral complained to the Comi)anv of their ^^'"^'''. "'

'' . ' . ' sport mi: nt

mode of managing their Suffolk property, particularly as Kiisweii h t
to the game, and l)y his direction the right of sporting ^" tcnunts.
over each farm was let to the tenant at an additional rent.
On these subjects, for a considerable time, frequent com-
munications took place with him or his solicitor.

By making numerous purchases of cottages and small Sulo of
quantities of land, or by taking leases, the Company, by ^'.'^ ''."
the year 1801, had aecjuired the whole parish of Eriswell DuIlti)

r.i

IlISTOllV or THE

[18fi7.

.!'!

(except, of course, the glebe). They still owned their ad-
joining 100 acres in tlie parish of Mildcnhall, On the
other side of the parish of Kriswell, the adjoining land, to
a great extent, had become the property of the Maharajah
Duleep Singh. He fancied his sporting somcvvliat spoiled
by the intersection of his land by the Eriswell bounds, and
proposed to purchase one of the New England Company's
farms. The New England Company declined to sell a part
of their estate, and expressed a disinclination to sell at all
unless they obtained an accommodation jjrice for the whole.

The Estates Conunittee, on the 21)th of April 1?^G7,
passed a resolution recommending to the Court that, with
a view to reinvesting in land, the Company should sell
tlicir Eriswell and Mildcnhall property at a price of not
less than jfil'iOjOOO, if the Charity Commissioners should
approve of such sale, and of the reinvestment of all or part
of the proceeds in the purchase of land.

This resolution was confirmed by the Annual General
Court of the Company, on the 2 Lth of June 1867.

The Company, having applied to the Charity Commis-
sioners, a correspondence a/osc between the clerk of the
Company and the secretary of the Commissioners, in the
course of which, on the 11th August 1868, the clerk in-
formed the Commissioners of this resolution, and added : —
" In adopting this conclusion, t'ne members of the Com-
" pany hoped to carry out the Attorney-General's direc-
" tions, and to give effect to his opinion that laud is the best
" investment for charities. Considering the exceptionally
" large j)rice offered, under peculiar circumstances, by the
" Maharajah, for their Suflblk property, the Company think
" it their duty, in the interest of the charity, to sell the
"estate; not with any view of permanently changing the
" investment of their funds from land to stock, but with a
" view to reinvestment, either wholly or in part (as eligible
" opportunities offer) in the purchase of fieohold ground
''' rents, and other landed investments, diifercnt in charae-

1867-1808]

\1'.\V lONOLANI) COMPANY,

" ter from their laud at Eriswoll. The peculiar nature of
*• the Eriswell estate leads them to desire a change of in-
" vestment. It is an estate which requires much skill and
" attention in its management. It has been a fruitful
" source of dispute, particularly as to the game and rabbits.
" The requisite improvements demand constant supervision ;
" the soil is of the poorest description, consisting of blowing
" sand; the planting necessary for shelter requires to be frc-
'' quently renewed. The trees will not grow many years in
"any one spot; a belt soon dies off, and fresh planting must
" be made on new and carefully selected sites, and the fresh
" plantings require constant attention. These duties it is
" not easy to get trustees gratuitously to uiulertake. Tiic
"Company consider, therefore, that it will be desirable to
" change tlie investment at a price substantially above the
" market value, for other property of a nature less difficult
" to manage. It never was their intention to ask the Com-
"missioncrs to sanction anv particular reinvestment bv the
"11th of October next. But what they desired was, the
" recognition by the Commissioners of the principle of their
" resolution of last year, that they are parting with their
" Suffolk property, not for the purpose of convcvting it per-
" manently into funded or other less eligible investments,
" but for the purpose of availing themselves of suitable
" opportunities, as they arise, to invest in the purchase of
" ground rents or farms of a less sporting character, and
"less difKcult to manage, — first obtaining, in each case, of
"course, the sanction of the Conmiissioners, and making it
" an indispensable condition that the income of the charity
" shall be, ])y the investment, increased materially beyond
"its now present amount."

In the course of this correspondence, the Commissioners
suggested, in letters dated the X^Oth of July and .'iOth of
August 1808, some slight alteration of the terms of the
Company's contract of sale, and on the 2nd day of Septem-
ber IhfS, the Company, at a Special Court, Resolved : —

HISTORY or TIIK

[ISfiS.

i!l,:i

\i\

Resolutions
of Sj){;L'ial
Gciicnil
Court.

1. Tliat the rccomnuMi(lalion of the Charity ('ommis-
siouL'i's, contained in the two U;ttcrs referred to, he adopted,
and thi't the Com[)any proceed with the sale iu accordance
with ^he su^i^estions contained iu those letters.

2. That after the completion of the sale of tlie Erisw(.'ll
and Mildenhall property, the Company should make appli-
cation to the Charity Commissioners for their sanction to
re-invest the whole or part of the purchase money iu land
or freehold ground rents, or Covernmcnt securities, when-
ever eligible opportunities should arise for so doing.

3. That subject to the sanction of the Charity Commis-
sioners, the whole of the expenses of tlie sale of the Suttblk
estate should be defrayed Ijy the veiulors and purchaser iu
equal moieties.

The warrant of the Charity Conunissiouers, 2-lth Nov.
18G8, authorizing the sale of the Eriswell estate, and the
iuvestment of the proceeds in consols, until re-iuvested iu
the purchase of other real estate, was as follows : —

" Charity Commission

))

Wamnt of " Ii* the matter of the Company for the Propagation of
Cluiiity '< t^i,(. Gospel in New England, and the parts adjacent in

sioiiuis " America, commonly called the New England Company.

sanctioning

salcaiulre- ,, „ -t tt -mt t\

investment. SaLE TO ills HiGHNKSS THE MaHAKAJAH DulEEP

" Singh.

" The Board of Charity Commissioners for England and
" Wales, being satisfied by the representation of the Go-
" vernor and Treasurer of the above-mentioned Compan^^,
" and by a report from Messrs. Clutton and Company, of
" No. 9, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster, land
" surveyors, that it will be advantageous to this Charity to
" cfl'ect the sale of the property known as the Eriswell
" Estate, with the appurtenances belonging thereto, de-
" scril)ed in the schedule hcn'cunder written, upon terms
" expressed iu au agreemeiit dated the 30th day of March

w i;i l;

180b.]

m;w i;n gland comi'anv.

" 18G8, niadt! between James IlcywcMid, the treasurer of
"the C'ornpany, and Walter Charles Venning, the elcrk of
" tlie same Company, as aj^ents for and on behalf of the
" same Company, of tlu; one part, and Frederic Ouvry, as
■'agent for and on l)ehalf ot liis Highness the Maharajah
Duleep Singh, of the other part, do, npoii the apphcatiou
" of tlie said Company, hercl)y authorize them uithin six
" calendar months from the date of this order to sell the
"said hereditaments, upon the terms expressed in the said
" agreemcntj and to do and execute all proper acts and
** assurances for carrying the said sale into eil'eet, and to
" give a conclusive discharge to the purchaser for the said
" purchase-money.

" And the :iaid Board do furtlier direct that the said
" purehase-monry, subject to any deductions to be pro-
" perly made therefrom by the Company, and of which an
'' account siudl have been subnutted by them to, and ap-
" proved by, the said Hoard, shall he paid or remitted by
" tlie said Company to the banking account of ' The
" Odicial Trustees of Charitable I'uiuls,' at the Bank of
" England, by whom the same shall be forth witli invested
" in the purchase in their name of Consolidated Three
" pounds per Cent. Annuities, to be held by them in trust
" for the said Company until the same shall be converted
" and re-invested under the order of a competent court,
" or of the said Board, in the purchase of other real
" estate, to be held ujion the same trusts; and that the
" dividends to accrue due in respect of the said annuities
" shall in the meantime be remitted by the said odicial
" trustees to tlie treasurer for the time being of the said
" Company, or otherwise as the Company from time to
" time shall direct, in order to be applied by the Com[)any
" to the j)urposes of the said Charity, and as part of the
" yearly income thereoi', in lieu of the yearly rents and
" profits of the hereditaments sold under the authority of
" this order."

IlISTOHY or TIIK

"THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO."

"Description of Farm'?, etc.

Situation.

Erlgwvll. ' MlUluiilmll.

'I'utiil.

Mniiics u( Tunniits.

1514

•• EriswcU Hall Farm . .

" Chamberlain's Hall " Farm . 1355

" Uakc Hoatli Farm
" High Lodgo Farm
•' Spark's Farm

124()

1403

277

226

I 55

r.
13

37 42

21
11
29 27

Oi 9 16
2 5
34 15

11
37

51
6!

1 6

" Church Farm

" Mills Cottaffcs and Farm

"The Chequers puldic house

"and land 17 13 25

*' The Bell public hou.se and

"land

" Beck Farm and Cottages
" House and land in the village,

" late Murray's

" House and land, late Rutter-

" ford's

" Blacksmith's shop and land .
" Cottage and land ....
" Cottage and land ....

" Cottage and garden allotments 49 | 2
" High Fen, depastured by cot- 1 j

" tagcrs' cows 51 ,

" Sundry small (luautities of |

" land attached to school ;

" carpenter's shop, etc. . . 2 2
" Plantations on the whole

" estate, wiiich are reserved to

" the Company in all their

" leases, and consist of . . 276 1

10 '
18'
19
30
I
34 I

12
33

B V.

1514

1397

1246

1403

304

1
1

242

1
2
2

11
37

2
2

1
1

270

6665

13 George and Frank
Gay ford.

11 ' Late Thomas Ro-
bertson, now Ja-
bez Place.

21 John Pearmain.

11 John Webb.
2 i Mrs. Jane Horrex's
i executors.

18 Thos. Elliot Fiske.

5 I William Smith.

George Tyrrell Bar-
25 ; nard.

39 .John Serjc
<> George Tcrrington

32 Unoccupied.

10 James Woodruffe.

18 S. Gathercole.

19 James Peck.

30 J. Cox (late Mrs.

Gathercole).
34 Sundry tenants.

12!

In hand.
.

" Tlie manor or rcputcil manor of Eriswoll with Chamberlayncs and the rights
" belonging thereto. All other manors and hereditaments in the county of Suffolk,
'' belonging to tlie Company, whether freehold, copyhold, or held for terms of years."

mil

l!iflf>-lfl70l

NEW KNOLAND COMI'ANY.

III Jamiary 18GD, the ("onipany completed the sale of
their Suffolk farms, to the Maharajah Dulccp Singh, and
received £120,000 for the purchase raoney. After pay-
ment of all expenses, the surplus was invested in the cor-
porate name of " The Oificial Trustees of Charities " in the
purchase of £98,318. 95. Consols, on account of their char-
ter trusts, and i^'.'9,050. 6s. \0d. New 3 per Cent. Annui-
ties, on account of Dr. Williams' trusts.

Towards paying for six labourers' cottages, built by the Ksscx cot-
Company in 18G8-9, at l?cckinghain, in I'jsscx, a sum of "^""
.€(161'. 35. lOd. New 3 per Cents, was, by order of the
Charity Commissioners, sold in June, 18G9.*

In January 1870, the Company, with the sanction of Purchnse o(
the Charity Commissioners, bought ground rents in South- ^^'>""'^^''"'^'
wark Street, in the Borough, amounting to ,£1'95. 10.9. per i,'rouiul
amium, arising from six warehouses, for \t 13,480. This '^^" "*
sum was raised by sale of £14, 188. 9.y. 3r/. Consols in the
months of February and March, 1870, when the purchase
was completed. A small amount of interest, and the
costs, were paid by the Company out of income. 'The
ground rents ai'c received on leases granted in each case
for 80 years from Lady Day 1806. The reversion in fee
expectant on these leases is included in the Company's
purchase.

* The Cottages cost in 18G8 i;200, and in ISCJ dE401. 17s. 4,d.

.!• I

IITSTOHY OF TIIK

[1870-1871.

TiiK Company's English Piiopkkty.

Present J. Tho Kuglisli property of the Company (in 1870 subject

pmiHTly of , _, _ _ r ,t • 1 , \ _ • . /• ,1 /. 11

N.K.C. in
England.

to tlic trusts of their charter), consists of the I'oUowing
particulars : —

1. The Suflblk Place Estate, at Plumstcad, in
Kent, with the land tax redeemed ; rent .■feSHO a year.

2. Penoyer's rent charge on Vances in Norfolk,
.€10 a year.

3. Six warehouses on the south side of South wark
Street, Borough, subject to building leases. The
ground rents till Lady Day It) 16, are .€105, .€GG. IOj.,
£57, £162, £55 and £50. Total, £495. lO*.

4. £83,829. 19.s'. Od. Consols, in the corporate
name of " The OlTicial Trustees of Charitable Funds."

5. £233. 12s. lid. Reduced Annuities, in the
Company's own name.

II. The property of the Company subject to the trusts
of Boyle's rent charge remains unaltered, and consists
in 1870 of the following particulars: —

1. The Braffcrton rent charge, .£90 a year.

2. £4,300, Reduced Anmiities, in the Company's
name.

III. The property subject to the trusts of Dr. Williams'
estates, consists in 1870 of the following particulars : —

1. Tho Essex farms and cottages, with the land tax
redeemed.

2. The great tithes of their own land, and of some
other land at Beckingham, in Essex.

3. £28,392. 3.9., New 3 per Cent. Annuities, in the
corporate name of the Official Trustees of Charitable
Funds.

ls7<

A
M

o
u
is

1H70.]

NKVV ENOl.AND COMPANY.

l-H

•c

O
u

o
S

H
1^

o
a,

2rt as CO

o
o

.— 1 ;0 r-H

«♦?

o
o

•

•^

;3«

»o

(—1

?=H

1— I

crt

«^

'^C

•

. r^

' u

*° rH

•

r-^

•

i«

'A 05

•

f-H

•X-

co"

■ •

•

• •

1 •

•N

•

-2
g

rr.

-t->

-a

Reu
hire

) o

iH .C

1/3

1/3 ^

-a

^•>^

•Si

«3S

^ . f^

-*j
U

-d
<u

-a

2 a

4) J_

>,bp

^ 3
■w O
fe CO

«2 to

m .3

'3 "3

-« 4)

4) a

<B
1> -S
to*-"

^ O
1) ^

-1; o
u

# 4J

!! I

'l 1 i

64 HISTORY OF THK [18(59-70.

RECEIPTS AM) PAYMENTS in 18(59 and 1870.

Received in England.

Net Rents and Profits (less outlay
in improvements) : —

Erisvvell Estate, Suffolk .
Eeckingham ,, Essex
Pluinstc.'ul ,, Kent
Southvvark Ground Rents
Rent Cliarges : — Boyle's .
Penoyer's

Dividends

Sale of Eriswell Estate, less ex

penses

Sale of Government Annuities

Extended in England.
Investments

General Expenses

Expended in Canada.

Grand River Settlement . .
Commission to Grand River
Chemong and Rice Lakes .

Bay of Quinte

Garden River

Pupils, at Hcllmuth College
„ per Bishop of Huron .
„ ,, Bishop of Rupert's

Land

,, at Alexandra College,

Belleville

Sarnia Mission

Walpolc Island

Expended in British Colu.mbia

„ ,, Jamaica

„ „ SouTi: Africa . . .

1809.
£ s.

1713

029

103

2331

^,529

■1

001

10 ;

1870.
£ s. d.

.^.,.. 10 3

215 1

229 3 4

3900 9 7

13,180

124,100

',)

18,155

118,931

13,480

5,109

4,975

714

989

4,451

3,985

2,005

3,191

400

874

008

275

200

215

253

100

5,088

1,301

1870-1871.]

NEW KNGLAN.D COMPANY.

7
5

The Company's Canadtvx Propkhty.
Besides their English property, the Company hold some
property in Canada. Absolute

Under a Colonial Order in Council, dated 4th of January Grant to
1835 (Sir John Colborne, K.C.B., being Governor), a "'"P""^-
grant, dated 13th of February 1836, and recorded 8th of
of July 1836, was made to the New England Company
and their successors of: —

acres.

1. The Mohawk Mission School lots 10\ qq

and 50J ' ' ■

2. Oneida Mission School lot 96

3. Onondaga „ 100

^. Delaware „ 100

356

and sundry small allotments about 4

Acres 300

Under an Order in Council, dated 12th of October 1837 Grant to
(Sir Francis Bond IIea<l being Lieut.-Governor), a grant, ^ ^''^itted.
dated 1st of August 1813, and recorded eight days later,
was made to James Gibson, described as then Governor of
the Com))any, John, Lord Bishop of Toronto, Rev. Abra.
Nelles, Bev. Adam Elliot, and William Richardson, in
lee of —

a. r. p.

1. TheTuscarora Mission lot 17 2

2. Do. Parsonage lot 36 2

3. Do. Churchyard 1 30

Acres 55 30

This grant is made " upon trust for promoting the pious
" objects of the New England Company among the Six
" Nations of Indians residing on the Grand River in the
" district of Gore and Niagara.^' The grant empowers the

niSTOllY OF TIIK

[1870-1871.

Further
Gi'uiit to
trustees.

Licence to
o(;('uj)y.

i< <
I

Purchase.

New England Company to ap})oint oth'^i trustees in the
place of those (lying, etc. The IJishop, Mr. Gibson, and
Mr. Richardson being all now dead, new trustees will
shortly be appointed by the New I'higland Company.

Under an Order in Council dated 8th of November 1 8 II,
(Sir Charles INIetcalfe, being Governor-General), a grant
dated 19th of March 18 15, and recorded 2nd of April, 18 15,
was made to James Gibson (thcGovernor of the Company),
John (Bishop of Toronto), Abraham Nellcs, Adam Elliot,
and William Richardson, in fee of 220 acres in the town-
ship of Braiitford, in the county of Wcntworth, "in trust
" to hold the same for ever thereafter, to and for the
" use of the resident missionary of the United Church of
" England and Ireland, doing duty among the Indians
" settled upon the Grand River, and to his successors in
" the mission for ever, a , site for his and their residence,"
with power to the New England Company to appoint new
trustees.

A licence of occupation, dated 7th of April 1859, was
granted by Sir Edmund Head to Abraham Nelles, on be-
half of the New England Company, of Lot 5, containing
200 acres in the Eagle's Nest Tract, in the township of
Brantford, ''so long as and on the express condition that
*' the New England Company keep up a Manual Labour
" School for the use of the Six Nations Indians and no
" longer."

On 12th of July 1861, Babcock's representatives (in
consideration of $i2.25 per acre) conveyed to the Rev.
Abraham Nelles, in f:: , the eastern part of Lot 2 in
Eagle's Nest, 32.95, acres, and he declared himself trustee
for tne Company.

In 18G3 the Rev. A. Nellcs advised the Company to
purchase a piece of land, about one acre, with a building
upon it, and the Company authorized the purchase.

On the 1st of March 1861, Mr. Nellcs advised the
Company, " We have occupied the building as a school-

1870-1871.]

NRW ENCLANI) COMPANY

" house and also for divine worship on Sundays, and the
'• difficulties in the way of getting it arc, 1 l)clicve, rc-
" moved, and tlie parties owning it again desire to sell it;
" the reasons for our getting the property are even stronger
" now than formerly, and, if I find no objection, will pro-
" bablv secure it."

On ]May 2nd 1801, the Treasurer wrote to Mr. Nelles
that the Company were still willing to make this purchase
at their limit of price, which was $800.

On the 25th of August 1804, Mr. Nelles replied, " I will
" complete the purchase of the acre of land and building,
" as requested in your favour of 2nd of ]May last, whenever
" the opj)ortunity may present itself. We must wait the
" movement of the Indians in the matter; in the meaii-
" time we occupy the building."

All the foregoing lands are on the Grand River. The
following lands are at Chemong arul Rice Lakes.

On the 19th of April 183 1, a grant was issued to the Rev. ninnt io
Richard Scott (then the jNTissionary and Agent of the New ''''"s'^'*^^-
England Company at Chemong), Rev. Alexander Beth-
nne, Charles Anderson, Charles Rul)ridge and the
Honourable George Ilerchmcr Marklaud of a tract of land
situate in the township of Otonabee, in the county of
Northumberland, in the district of Nnvcastle, Province of
Upper Canada, containing 1120 acres, being the town
plot or reservation on the Rice Lake and River Otona])ec,
in said township of Otonabee, setting out boundaries, —
in trust for the benefit of the Indian tribes in the province
of Upper Canada^, and with a view to their conversion and
civilization. Power to existing Trustees or survivors to
appoint new Trustees.

Under the administration of Sir Francis B. Head in
Canada, letters patent were granted, in August 18oG, to
the New England Comp ny to hold to them and their suc-
cessors and assigns for ever, all that tract of land situate
in the township of Smith, in the county of Norlluunber-

v ''

HISTORY 01' Tin:

[IH70-1871.

ijlt'i;

J I.

liiiul, in tlio district of Newcastle, containing 1000 acres,
" bcin;^; composed of tlic Broken Lots Nos. 1(5, 17, and 18,
'^ind the North Part of Broken Lot No. H) in the L2th
"Concession, the Broken Lots Nos. 17, 18, 11), 20 and
"North Parts of Broken Lots Nos. 21, 22 and 23 in the
" 13th Concession, and Broken Lots Nos. 18, 19 and 20,
" Lot No. 21, Broken Lot No. 22, and so mnch of Broken
" Lots Nos. 23 and 2 !■ as lies sonth of Little Lake, in the
" 1 1'th Concession of the said 'J'ownshii) of Smith. Coin-
" mcncing on Bnck Horn Lake in the southern limit of
"allowance for road between the 14tli and 15th Conccs-
" siops then North 71 degrees* East 7G chains more or
" Itsf to the limit between Lots Nos. 22 and 23, then
" South 10 dc}2:rccs* East IL chains more or less to Little
" Lake, then South- Westerly, Easterly, Northerly and
"Easterly rou-id a Point of land, then South-AVesterly
"into jNlud Lake, then Sonth -Westerly following the
" North shore of Mud Lake round a point of land into
" IJuek Horn Lake, then along the Eastern shore of Buck
" Horn Lake following the several turnings and windings
"of the same, to the place of beginning."

On the 1th of April 18G8, :\rr. Edward 11. Ptoberts in-
formed the Treasurer that he had apidied at the Registry
Office in Peterborough, to investigate the title of the
Chemong Estate; he examined the registration of every
lot, and found that on the 3rd of April 1837, the New
England Company received the i)atcnt from the Crown
Land Department of the I'ollowing seventeen lots, viz. : —
Lots Nos. 10, 17, 18, 19, an(l 20, in the 12th concession;
Nos. 17, 18, 19, 20 and the north part of 21, in the 13th
concession ; and Nos. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 21 in the
1 1th concession.

On the 2.'3tliof February 1837, 70 acres were conveyed by
deed, by Richard Scott, to Honourable /acclieus Burnham
and Iloiiourable Thomas Alexander Stewart, as Trustees,
* The iiii'.iiiing of llioso di'jjjroos is not vcm-j- iii(elligiljle.

m]i:

1870-1S71.]

Ni:W ENQI.ANI) COMI'ANY.

row 11

a by
lam

toes.

for the use of the New Enghuul Company, coiisistiiiji; of
the south-easterly part of lot No. 21), in the first concession
of the township of Craniahe, county of Northumberland,
district of Newcastle, province of lj])per Cniiadn.

On rtli of July 18G9, a grant was issued to the New
England Conii)any and their successors of 01 acres, in the
townshii) of Smith, county of Peterliorougli, in the province
of Ontario, consisting of " the North i)arts of Lots Nos. ^3
"and 21' in the 1 1th Concession, of the aforesaid Township
" iS Smith, which is abutted and bounded as follows : — that
" is to say commencing at the North-AVcst angle of the said
" [.ot No. 23 thence North 71 degrees^ East following the
"Southei'.i limit of the allowance for lioad between the
" 15th aiul 11th Concessions 15 chains more or less to
" the little Sagaconee Lake ; thence South-Westerly along
"the Water's edge of the said lake to the limit between
"Lots Nos. 22 and 23 and thence Nortli 1(5 degrees*
" West 45 chains more or less to the place of beginning."

jModk or Conducting Businijss.

There are two standing Committees of the Company, and
by these Committees the Avork of the Company is for the
most part transacted ; one of them the Estates Committee,
transacting the business connected with the Company's
property in England; the other the Special Committee,
superintending the correspondence and expenditure in the
Colonies. Each Committee consist?' of the Governor
or Treasurer, and such other members of the Company as
attend any Committee meeting, usurJly some of those who
have been directed to bo sunnnoneu. Each Committee is
always open to all the ^Members of the Company.

I'he Special Committee sits (;very month on the first Spcciiil
Tuesday at 11.30 a.m., and ofteuer if urgent business re-
(piires. Under a resolution of the Court, 25th July, 1870,
three members of this Committee form a quoram, the
Cc)\ernor or Treasurer being one.

* Sec uou', jmgi' OS.

( ;

HISTORY OF Tin;

F.statfs
Cutuinittee,

i'P'

Aiinital
fiencral
C'uuit.

The Estjitcs Conmiittcc meets wlienevev business requires
it to be suiuiiiuiied.

The Company at their annual Court places the entire
net-ineome, after dcdueting the expenses in England, at
the disposal of tiie Special Committee for the purposes
of the Company in the Colonies and Dependencies of
England.

The Company liave one General Court every year, and
Special Courts when summoned by order of the Governor.
Much benefit has been found to result ) the C()mi)any's
afi'airs from the members dining together after the Annual
Court, and discussing matters connected with their trusts.
Often the Colonial Bishop or some other visitor from
Canada is present.

The vacancies among the members have been usually
filled up by the Company at the next meeting after the
Governor has proposed any new members. Any existing
member suggests privately to the Governor any person he
can recommend, and the Governor, if on in([uiry he is
satisfied of the fitness of the jjcrson suggested, proposes to
a Court the names of those who are to be proposed for
election at the ensuing General Court.

GovEiiNOKs or THE New^ England Company.

1GG2— 1691, The Hon. Robert Bovle.
1G91— 1GD(), Robert Thompson.
*1G96— 1719, Sir William Ashurst.
1719— 172G, Rol)ert Ashurst.
172G— 1728, William Thompson.
172S, July to August, Sir Nathaniel Gould.
1728— 17 IG, Sir Robert Clarke, Ba.t.
171G — 1759, Sir Samuel Clarke, Bart.

* The c;irly dates are taken cliicfly from rough Minutes, and tliis date in
particu!;\r ciiuiiot be accurately ascertained. A selection of some of the curliest
and most iiiicrcstinu of the rou^h minutes will be found in Appendix f. )>. 235.

Thr Minute booki now in the Company's po.->scssiou begin in 1770.

NICW KNOLANU COMTANY. 71

1759 — 1701, James Lanibc.
1701 — 1705, Dr. Benjamin Avery.
1705 — 1772, Jasper Manduit.
1772—1780, William Bowden.
1780—1787, Richard Jackson.
1787, May to July, Israel Mauduit.
1787—1807, Benjamin Way.
1807—1817, Sir William Poppcrcll, Bart.
1817—1832, William Yauglian.
1832—1838, Edward Busk.
1838—1843, James Gibson.
1813—1853, Isaac Solly.
1853—1808, Edward Thomas Busk.
1808 — James Meyer.

TUEASURKRS O- TIIK NeW EnGLAND CoMPANV.*

1002— Ilcin- ^:;iurst.

*J5 5fC 5j» 'J^ 'f* ^f*

— 1720, Jo»c-£)h Thomson.
1720—1729, John Gunstou.
1729—1748, Joseph Williams.
1748 — 1705, Jasper Mauduit.
1705—1773, Thomas Wright.
1" , — 1791, Alexander Champion, sen.
1 )1 — 1809, Alexander Champion, jun.
1809—1838, James Gibson.
1838—1844, Jacob Hans Busk.
1844—1859, John Fuller.
1859—1807, Joseph Busk.
1807 — James Hey wood, F.ll.S.

Ou the resignation of ^Ir. Fuller in October 1858, a
Special C(»urt of the Company passed the following
resolution : —

"That this Court requests the Governor to open a

* Between 1662 ami 1720 there m:iy not at all tiiiathavc been u trtasiirtr,
so far at least as tlie niiiiulcs show.

If 11

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

" Banking Account with Messrs. Barnett and Co., witli
" instructions to honour liis drafts on this account. And
" tliis Court further requests the Governor to receive any
" sums of money which may be due to the Company, and
" to give receipts for the same, and to pay any sums of
" money which may be due from the Company, and to super-
" intend the corresi)onden"T of the Company, and to
" authorize their missioiiaries, Messieurs Nclics, EIHot,
" Gilmour, O'Mcara and Anderson, to draw on him in-
*•' stead of the Treasurer. And this Court requests the
"Treasurer at is convenience to pay his balance in hand
" to Messrs. Barnett and Co., to the credit of the (^Jom-
" pany's account, and (thus far relieved from respon-
"sibility) continue to hold his o (lice till the appointment
" of liis successor. And this Court requests the Auditors
" without delay to audit the Treasurer' &• account, to report
" to the Governor the amount of the bp.lraice, if any, and
" to whom due. And this Court refers it to the Special
" Committee to consider the future duties of their officers,
" and to report thereon at their early convenience."

" The Treasurer being present expressed his gratitude
" to the Company for the arrangements made by them for
" his convenience."

At a Special general Court of the (^)nipany held on tlie
10th of January 18.51), Mr. Fidler's resignation was
accepted, and his successor appointed.

itli
Lnd
my
iiul
i of
)er-
to
iot,
in-
the
and
)m-

011-

iCnt
tors
lort
and
cial
ers.

HISTORY

OF THE

NEW ENGLAND COMPANYS PROCEEDINGS

FOR CARRYINQ THEIR OBJECTS INTO EFFECT

ludc
for

IN CANADA AND JAMAICA AND ELSEWHERE.

Itlie

ivas

1823-1870.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

id.

1.0

I.I

1.25

1^ mil 2.2

1 1^

2.0

1.8

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KXTlJACr l-UOM MAP

OF THE

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/i(.\l/i(ii il lilt Idiiil il Ihr

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY

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EAST PART OF

L0T„N°2

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NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

HISTORY OF THE NEW ENOLAN]) COMPANY'S
PROCEEDINGS for Carryinc; tiikir Oiuiccts into
Effkct in CANADA AND JAMAICA AND
ELSEWHKRE. 1823-1870.

CANADA.

Gross abuses, brought to ligbt in 1822, in working
General CofHn's system of apprenticeship, decided tlic
Company to discontinue their Sussex Vale establishment,
and they sought diligently for other fields of operation in
New IJrunswiek, Nova Scotia and Canada. In a few
years they transfeired their labours to several other stii-
tions, and i)articnlarly to four spots in Canada.

First, among the jNIohawks and other Six Nations In-
dians settled on the bank? of the Grand River, near Lake

Eric.

Secondly, on the shores of two smaller lakes, Rice Lake

and (Mud or) Cheinong Lak(>.

Thirdhj, on the shore of the Bay of Quinte, N.E. of
Lake Ontario, and —

Fourthly, on the banks of the Garden River, near Sault
Ste. Marie.

►Stations near the Grand River on the Reserve of
THE Six Nations Indians.

The Indians of the Six Nations, the Mohawks, Oneidas,
Onondagas, Cayugas, Senceas, and Tuscaroras, in tlic
American War of Independence, proved themselves loyal
to the British Crown, and after the Declaration of Inde-
])cndence migrated from the S. side of Lake Ontario to
dittercnt parts of Canada, and prineiiialiy to the N. sido
'f Lake Erie.

In.

Kill

(JRANl) RIVER,

[1823.

As a reward to tlu; Indians for their loyalty, and to
provide tliein nilh linutiiig grounds, a tract of several
hundred thousand acres along the Grand River, from Lake
Erie to I'rantford. partly on the N.E. and partly on the
S.W. side of the river, was in 1783 assigned by the IJritish
Government to the Indians:' of the Six Nations, under the
name of an Indian Reserve.

About (me mile south-east of I'.rantford stands the old
Mohawk Mission Church, on the north-east bank of the
(Jrand River. Near it stands the; New llngland Com-
pany's Institution, built by the Company in 1859. On
the other or northern side of the canal (which Mas cut in
183 1 from Brantford to the Mohawk Village for improving
the navigation of the River) stand the Mohawk Parsonage,
built in 1837 or 8, and the Mechanics' Institute, com-
menced in 1830 by the Company's then Missionary, as his
scheme for teacdiing the Indians handicraft trades.

Some fifteen miles lower down the river stand the
Tuscarora Church and Parsonage, built in or before the
year 1835. These buildings arc also on the north-east
side of the river.

In the year 1833, after preliminary investigation on
their behalf bv the Rev. John "West, and with the concur-
rcnce of INTv. Brant (one of the then chiefs of the Si.\
Nations Indians), the Now England Company adopted
resolutions respecting the placing tit persons, either indi-
vidually or in ndssion families, at eligible stations in those
parts of America in which the trusts of the Corporation
wei'c to be carried on, in order to promote the pur[)oses of
those trusts as eliicaeiously and extensively as might bo
l)raetieable, at and around such stations by the modes
therein iutinuited, and with an especial view to the Mo-
hawk or Six Nations Settlement, and at other places likely
fo be found eligil)le stations.

Accordingly the Cojupany in concurrence with Mr.
Brant, and with his assistance as a sort of Lay Agent, be-

1827.]

GUANU RIVER.

fore 1827 commoncod operations under the Rev. William
Iloiijili, as their first ]\[issi()nary on tlu; (J rand River, and
bnilt two schools near jNIohawk vilhiiie, as well as a parson-
aj;e for the Church there (the oldest Protestant Church in
Canada, and still |)ossessing the Communion plate presented
to it by Qu(>en Anne). The Rev. ^^'illiam Hough did not
long retain his [jost, and in 1H27 the Company engaged
the services of the Rev. Herbert Lugger as their Missionary
to the Six Nations Indians. He arrived at Hrautford in
October 18.27, and in the next few months visited all the
tribes of the Six Nations along the north-east bank of the
river down to Lake Erie, and was commissioned bv the
Bishop of Quebec to superintend the composing and print-
iiig of a Mohawk Grammar for Luliansand Whites. He
found the population of the Six Nations about 1000 in
number. Two schools already existed, one for Whites, and
another set on foot by the Lulian Department of the Colo-
nial Government, besides the two which the Company had
built, and others were soon established by the Company.

At a distance of fifteen miles or thereabouts above Lake
Erie, j\Ir. Lugger found a settlement forty years old, of
about thirty families of whites, and called Nelles' Settle-
ment. The distances being great, Mr. Lugger strongly
recommended the appointment as his assistant among the
^ruscaroras of the Rev. Abraham Nelles, who then held an
appointment under the Soeiety for the Pro])agation of
the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

The understanding come to in 1828 between the Bishop
and the Company's ^Missionary was, that he should, in
matters purely spiritual, take his Lordship's directions, and
in all other matters the directions of the Comj)auy. From
the first the Company insisted on having the sole manage-
ment and appropriation of their funds, through their own
Commissioners, Oflieers, and Agents. The Company
occasionally assisted in the making of roads, l)ut for the
most part declined to subscriijc to such loeal proceed-

\ '''^^1

■■ ''i

,:l

1 1

OIIANI) UIVI R.

[182U-18-.3.

Tioral

infTR, tlicir plan and objects being of a mere
eliaracter.

In 1829 four sdiool-liouses, with a lot of 100 acres
granted to each, were said to he exclusively the property of
the Company, and a deed was shortly to be executed to
confirm the same to them for ever, the Indians in gene-
ral Council having granted it to the Govei'nment for the
New England Company. In the same year the Indians
were also said to have given up their lands to the Colonial
Governor to let for them, and were further said to have
given a lot a mile scpiarc for a village at Brantford, to be
sold to white pcopjc of respectability. Such sale was the
reverse of what the Company wished, and had endeavoured
to eflcct ; — the non-alieiuition of Indian projjcrty, so as
to prevent their dislocation and rhe substitution of white
people.

Mr. Nellcs first entered the service of the Company in
July 1831. At this tiine the Institution comprised, be-
sides a mechanic's shop, two large rooms for teaching girls
spinning and weaving, and two for teaching the boys tailor-
ing and carpentering.

The formation of the Welland Caual Dam raised the
water in the Grarul lliver, and i)rcduccd floods among the
Dclawarcs for several miles above Lake Eric, so that a
great part of that tribe migrated, and in consequence the
children attending the Delaware school decreased.

By the year 1833, however, the Six Nations Indians on
the Grand lliver had increased to about 2300 ; and had
seven schools among them. The duties of the Rev.
Abraham Nellcs were, to perform service and preach every
Sunday morning at Tuscarora village to a congregation of
about 120; and in the afternoon, seven miles down the
river, in a school-house built by the Company, to a congre-
gation of 90 or 100 Onondagas. On Thursdays he had
lectures at the Tuscarora village, f,nd on Saturdays a school
for adults, to teach them to rcnC the ]Moha\;k language ;

18U3-5.]

(illANI) IlIVKU.

71)

he liad also praycr-mcctiiigs two or three niglits every
week, and was frequently engaged in visiting tiie sick and
other Indians, examining the schools, making oflbrts to

i f

ith Ml

convert the heathen trihe?
Lugger in every means to advance the general good of the
Indians. Much of his time was also necessarily taken up
in temporal occupations. His remuneration was now
wholly derived from the ('ompany.

Mr. Brant (the chief) for many years acted with the
Company's missionaries as a sort of lay agent, reporting
to the Company, and drawing for remittances. He died
in 1832.

In 1833 the Company increased their annual allowance
for the Grand Hiver Station, and, at Mr. Lugger's sug-
gestion, engaged Mr. William Richardson as lay agent;
and early in the following year the Company sent full in-
structions to him and the jNlissionarics, and opened the
Institution for ten hoys and four girls from the Six Nations,
to he boarded, lodged, and taught (with day scholars), and
to be instructed in farming and gardening, as well as handi-
craft trades.

To prevent whites from purchasing improved lands from
individual Indians, thus driving the latter into the back
woods, and rendering useless the Company's schools and
establishments, arrangements were in IHSJ- made by
Sir J. Colborne, dividing their land into six portions, for
the sole occupation of the different nations.

In 1835 at the instance of Mr. Lugger an Act was
passed by the Colonial Parliament, interdicting the sale of
ardent spirits to Indians directly or indirectly.

The Company built a parsonage at Tuscarora village for
!Mr. Nelles, increased the children at the Institution, and
printed a new edition of the Mohawk Prayer-book.

In the correspondence with their Missionaries, the
Company often pressed upon them the Company's desire
for fuller and more frequent reports of what was doing, aiul

:U'

OlUNl) lUVICIl.

[1837.

for correct estimates of what was proposed to be done. One
of tlicir Missionaries su{j;{^('sted the desiral)ility of an im-
partial agent visiting the Mission, and reporting on the
actual state of things.

This suggestion has been several times acted on. In
1837, one of the Company and their clerk, as his secretary,
went to Canada, and visited all the scenes of the Company's
operations, and reported fully to the Company. Again, in
18G(), the Rev. Frederick A. O'Meara, LL.D., visited the
several missionary stations and schools under the super-
intendence of the Company, and other stations where
their funds were distributed, and transmitted to the Com-
pany a General lleport on their state and condition, and
also on the condition and prospects of the Indian races in
Canada. On a third occasion Mr. Henry John Lister, in
18G8, visited and reported on several of the Company's
stations.

Among the results of the Commission, in 1837, were
the appointments of the llev. A. Nellcs and the llcv. A.
Elliot.

Individual Indians (by the Colonial laws as understood
in England) have no power to alienate any part of the
Indian reserves, but practically they do make very incon-
siderate alienations of their improvements to unworthy
white settlers, and thus squatters are introduced.

Between the years 1 782 and 1 838 some small portions
of the Indian reserve on the banks of the Grand lliver
were surrendered by the chiefs to the Government for
valuable consideration ; and great encroachments were
made on other parts (in some cases by consent of individual
Indians, and in some surreptitiously) by European settlers.
Still, in 1838 the Indian lands remaining in the Niagara
and (lore Districts were reckoned at 257,000 acres. In
the course of the next ten years large numbers of the
Indians (under the pressure of squatters and Government
influence, — strongly, but in vain resisted by the Indian

Ijllt

1837-44.]

(MIAM) ItlVKR.

cliicfs jiiul l)y tli(^ New l<ii^;l;iiul C()tni)at>y and their
missionaries and agents) removed from the north-east to
the south-west side of the river, where a remnant of only
o.'jjOCK) aeres (equal to an allotment of about 100 acres
for caeh Indian family) was to he reserved for them.
Sales of their relinquished improvements were to he made
by the (jovernnient for inereasinjj; the Indian funds.

Under several surienders by the Indian chiefs, and
grants* from the (\)l()iiial Government, there were, in the
year 1H37, devoted to the olijects of the C-ompany, for
civili/.inj; aiul Christianizinf; the Six Nations Iiulians at
the (jirand Kiver (then 2100 in nmiil)er), the IVIohawk
parsonage and glebe 220 acres, and the Tuscarora glebe
50 aeres, with anew parsona;:;e, and a small log-house used
both for school-room and chureh, as well as the Mohawk
school-lot 60 acres with the buildings used for the schools
and iMeehanies' Institute, and the Tnsearora schoolmaster's
log-house, and three other school-lots of 100 acres each,
nith a school-house and sehoohnaster's residence on each
(one for the Oncidas, one for the Onondagas, and the
third for the Dehiwares). lint the Oiujudaga school could
not be kept constantly open ihv want of scholars, and
the Delaware school being still further down the river,
Irom the same cause, was constantly shut. These two
lots of land therefore were let, and the buildings (when
not wanted for teaciiing) were occupied by tenants who
jiaid no rent, but undertook to clear a few aeres of the
land every year, and to keep the buildings from decay.

In 1814 the Rev. A. Nellcs was in England, and
attended several meetings of the Special Committee of the
Company, and gave them much information as to the
jn'oposcd compulsory removal of the Indians from the
north-east to the south-west side of the river, and as to
their schools, and particularly as to the Institution.

In the year 1841- there were two churches on the north-

* See statement of grants, p. 65.

Itl

I • I

OP.AND RIVKR.

[1917.

)i:

oast siflc of th(> river, the Hrv. A. Nellos taking tlic duty
of the Mohawk ehiireh, and tlio Rev. A. Elliot at the
Tiiscarora elinrch, the eon^regations of Indians being sntli-
cicntly nnnierous at both. I'nhlic worship was also per-
formed at some of the school-honses, partienhirly at the
Salt Springs and among the Dehiwares. The hoarding-
school at the Meehaiiies' Institution, in the Mohawk
village, numbered between forty and fifty ehi' 1rcn, boys
and girls; and there were many instances of I in n youths
who, on leaving the Institutioi, and being supplied with
tools and materials for work, followed their respective
trades with considerable success among their own people.
There were six day-schools in ()])eration, viz., the Mechanics'
Institution (where there was a day-school as well as a
boarding-school), the Lower Mohawk, Martin's Settlemcjit,
Tuscarora, Delaware, and Salt Springs — schools.

The proposed removal of the Six Nations Indians from
the north-east to the south-west side of the Grand River,
threw iinj)ediments in the way of the Company's proceed-
ings. In the Hrst instance, the Company did all iu their
power to keep the Indians in quiet possession on the north-
cast bank, and failing iu that, they turned their attention
to securing to the Indians on the south-west side of the
river as large .an extent of country as the Provincial Go-
vernment could be induced to allot to them.

The Company's lay agent, Mr. Wm. Richardson, died
in 1817, and the ofliee was then conferred on Mr. Richard
!Edward Clark, the then lately appointed Superintendent
at the Mohawk Institution and Farm, in addition to his
previous office. Rut illness in a few years obliged bim to
resign first one and then the other of these offices, and the
lay agency has ever since been in abeyance.

About the same time, Mr. Nellcs represented to the
Company that, owing to his indifferent health, and to the
Indians being now much more scattered on the south-
west side of the river than before their migration, he was

lit

1 'I

1853.]

OIl/vNI) III VEIL

unable to perform his duties ns cfTicicntlj' as lie could wish.
TIjc ('onipaiiy authorized the api)li('ati<)u of tSO a yvav for
the purpose of proeuriu;if him a suitable assistaut. The
number of (yommunieants onee in two months at the Mo-
hawk ('hurcii iiicr<!ased; and the rej^idar Sinuiay and w(!ek-
day reli;;iou8 services wcn^ perl'ormed in schools on the
south-west side of the river, aud also (as the (.'ompany
supposed) in tlu^ churches on the north-cast side.

The Institution prospered, but the old day-schools de-
clined, and new day-schools on the soulh-west side of the
river were built and oi)cncd in dilferent situations.

The Delawarcs (long a I'aj^au nation) became {gradually
converted to Christianity. Some of the Cayugas were
more recently converted. Twenty years ago, most of the
Cayugas, a part of the Onondagas, and some other of the
Six Nations Indians, still att"nded to the celebratioii of
their heathen ceremonies.

In 1853 the Com|)any learnt that the Indian removals
from the Mohawk village and neighbourhood had put a
stop for some years to the services in the church there,
except onco in two months for administering the Lord's
Supper.

In November 18.'>3 the Company decided not to dis-
continue the day-schools ; althor.gb an o|)inion was enter-
tained, both by the Company and by Mr. Ncllcs, that more
good would probably be done by extending the Institution.
Suppressing the other schools would have dei)rivcd a large
number of children of the means of instruction »vithin their
reach, although from the fault of themselves or their parents,
they did not derive the benefit from them which they might.
The Indians residing in the more remote parts of their set-
tlement would probably have objected to closing the schools.
Ikfore a greater number of children could be accommodated
at the Institution, it would have been necessary to erect more
commodious buildings. The buildings then in use were very
inconvenient for the number of children then attending.

o 2

, '(::

' ij;l

■II :

i a

GRAND lUVER.

[1853.

Tlioro w(Tc in 185.'} about forty adults rcsidinj? on tlio Mis-
sion who had been brought up at the Institution ; the
greater nunil)cr of these were married, and settled on land
whieh they cultivated, and some of the young men followed
the trades whieh they had been taught at the Institution.
In many instances they were too apt to yiehl to the influ-
ence of their own people, and, after residing at home for
some time, by dcgrc js adopted the careless and improvident
habits for which the Indians are proverbial, though they
were generally exemplary in their behaviour. Some of the
children at the Institution had died since leaving it, and
among tlicni some of the best instructed and most promising.
Besides these, there had been a good many others partly
educated at the Institution, who probably had received
more benefit from a few quarters' regular instruction there
than most of the scholars derived from a much longer
attendance at the day-schools. In several instances, the
advantages of the instruction imparted at the Mohawk In-
stitution were not confined to the individuals taught, but
others received considerable benefit from them, particularly
in the trade of carpenters, and also (to some extent) in
the trade of blacksmiths.

It seems that the Church Service was read in the
Mohawk language, but the sermon almost always delivered
in English, and rendered, sentence by sentence, by an
Indian interpreter. Among the Delawarcs, when the
prayers were read by the schoolmaster, his interpreter (the
chief of the tribe) addressed them on religious subjects in
their own language.

The migration from one side of the river to the other,
rendered some of the school-houses useless, and increased
the labours of the Missionaries.

The Institution and the schools were for a time in a
less satisfactory state. Twelve years ago, or more, the
former became more efficient and better appreciated, and a
better situation being chosen, a new buih'ing was erected

1859.]

GRAND HlVEll.

near the Moliauk parsonaj^c, and capable of accommo-
dating a larger number of cbildren as boarders, as well as
the master and mistress, and in 1859 the nnmbcr of children
boarded and edneated was fixed at sixty.

Additional schools were, at the desire of the Indians,
built and opened by the Company; and in June 1859, a
Government licence* was received for occupying the farm
so long as the Company kept up a manual labour school
for the use of the Six Nations Indians.

The Company's two Missionaries, under date of Jiuie
14, 1859, reported to the following effect : The Indians of
the Six Nations then numbered about 2100, for the most
part professing Christianity, although a large majority
of Cayugas, numbering about 500, together with a few
Onondagas, were still Pagan. The Company furnished the
means of religious and secular education, and employed,
among them, two clergymen and several catechists, besides
seven schoolmasters. There were repeated applications for
more schools, and two additional clergymen were much
needed. The number of Communicants in connection with
the Church of England were about 250, and of children at-
tending the above schools, 203. There was a great diffi-
culty in securing regular attendance at the day-schools; i)ut
at the Institution, where the children were boarded and edu-
cated, their progress in learning was much more satisfactory.
Four of the school-teachers were Indians who had been edu-
cated at the Institution ; and another, through the ill)erality
)f the Company, was pursuing his studies with a view to en-
cring the ministry. In addition to the New England Com-
)any's missions, the Wesleyan Methodists sui)ported a mis-
>ionary and one schuolmaster among these people. In con-
sequence of the Indians having been induced to give up
.hew farms and improvements on the north-east side of the
•iver, and remove to another settlement on the south-west
;ide, a i: .w church was needed, as the old one, which was

* ycc |). CG.

■

1 1

t
1

. I

%'W

■^Hl <

GRAND RIVER,

[isno.

the first Episcopal cliurch erected in Upper Canada, was at
too great a distance to be nsed by tbcm for public worshii).
The country adjacent to the Indian lleserve being in the
occupation of white settlers, the Six Nations were deprived
of the means of subsistence by hunting and fishing, etc. ;
and, unhke many other tribes, were turning their attention
very much to agriculture. They were mostly settled upon
separate lots of land, and although labouring under the
hardships always attending a new settlement, many of them
had made large improvements, and raised considerable
grain ; and although the characteristic improvidence of the
Indian was still very visible among them, yet there was a
great improvement in this respect. Many erected com-
fortable houses and good barns, and took better care of
their cattle than formerly. A too easy access to places
where ardent spirits were sold, had been a hindrance to
the im[)rovemfint of the Six Nations, and some had been
much addicted to drinking ; but as a body they were far
fnnn being more given to excess than the white popula-
tion, and of late years evinced great aversion, and fre-
quently were active in o[)position, to intemperance in the
settlement.

In 1 800 Mr. Nelles engaged jNIr. Grant as an assistant.
lie and Mr. Elliot had before had the assistance of two
Indians as lay readers, and the Company authorized the
payment of a salary for a native eateehist and lay reader
at the Tuscarora station, according to the recommendation
of ^Tr. Nelles and Mr. Elliot.

Mr. Elliot, in fact, employed two young men, a Mohawk
and a Cayuga, and divided the salary between them.

At Mr. Grant's ordination the church was filled to over-
flowing, chiefly by Indians. The metrical psalms or hymns
were still sung in Mohawk, but the responses in the
liturgy were made, and the chants sung, in English.

The Indians seem to live far apart from each other in the
woods.

1864.]

GKAND UIVER.

ovcr-
kymiis
li the

in the

Dr. O'Mcara, at the request of the Company, visited
all the (Company's stations and schools, and in July, 18G0,
reported the result to the Company. At the Institution
he found that Mr. Nolles had, with the exception of the
farm, discontinued the other branches of industrial instruc-
tion. Day-schools being irregularly attended, seemed chiefly
useful as feeders to the Institution. Indian-speaking mas-
ters Dr. O'Meara recommended as essential, if there were
to be any common medium of communication between
master and pupils, lie deplored the removal of the Indians
so far from their missionary and church, and from one an-
other, and the delicicncy of maps and pictures in the schools,
and the interference of another Christian body with Mr.
Elliot's labours, He strongly recommended the Company
to have an agent for all their work in the province, and in
order to shield the Indians from the tyranny and oppres-
sion of the colonists.

The enlarge nt of the Institution building, so as to
accommodate lOo children, was long under consideration.

In 18G2 the Rev. Robert James Roberts became a mis-
sionary among the Six Nations Indians, having gone out
from this country three or four years earlier, for the pur])ose
of labouring in that capacity among our red brethren, aiul,
feeling a deep interest in their spiritual and temporal welfare.
He was engaged, on the recommendation of the Bishop of
Huron, as Mr. Nelles' assistant, and entered on the dis-
charge of his duties on the 1st of October, 18G2.

In ISGl, both Mr. Nelles and Mr. Roberts, at the
request of Mr. Nelles, bore testimony to the great utility
of the Institution, and the desire of young Indian fathers
and mothers to place their children where they had them-
selves been educated.

In 18G1' the Company bought a lot of land, containing
thirty-two acres,^ adjoining the institution.

In 18G1 the Rev. R. J. Roberts came to England to

* Sec p. 60.

:!£!£'

.1'!

(illAND llIVKIl.

[18G5-7.

solicit subscriptions from (liflcrcnt societies and benevolent
persons lor building a new church and parsonage at Ka-
nyeagch, and succeeded, with great labour, in raising .tGOO
from many wide-sprciad sources. On tiiis o(;casion he
became personally known to many members of the Com-
pany, several of whom still survive including the present
Governor and Treasiu'er. lie attended several meetings of
the committee, and gave much useful information as to the
Indians, and his views for inn)roving their coiulition, and
on the whole left a very favoural}lc impression on their
minds. The Company and their iiib-^ionaries were among
the largest subscribers to this new ciiurch, now known as
Kanyeageh ('hurch, on the south-west side of the Grand
River, at a distance of ten miles south-west from the old
Mohawk Church, and seven miles south-east from the
Tuscarora Church. The roads between them seem as yet
incomplete.

The new church was opened for public worship on
Christmas Day, 18(15, and consecrated in the following
August. The live acres on which it stands were surrendered
by the chiel's of the Six Nations,* for the Company as
Trustees.

Several of the day-schools were in 1865 closed for a
time, on account of the prevalence of small-pox among the
Indians; but the disease abated bel'ore the end of the year.
The Institution having been en.:, "ged, the number of chil-
dren was increased from year to year.

Three of the most promising boys boarding in the
Institution attended the Grammar School at Brantford, in
18G7, at an expense of one doHar each per month, to be
taught the higher branches of education. One young
Indian, John Jacol)s, who had acted as a schoobnaster
among Indians, became a student in Huron College to
prepare for the ministry. The original grant for John
Jacobs as a college student in the year 1807 was fifty

* 'I'hi; i^raiit luu^ not ytl btca rccLivcU iu EuglauJ

or a

g the

year.

f chil-

'ge to
John
fifty

i8r)7-ft.]

GRAND IIIVKR.

(loUars i)cr anm;m for tlirce years; this grant was after-
wards increased at the recommendation of the Bishop to
JtoO per annum for three years, from 1st July, 18G8.

At tlie day-scliool tlic hadness of the roads in winter
was in 1867, and still remains, one of the causes of irregular
attendance.

A new church for the Tuscaroras on the south-west
side of the river was contemplated, in 18G7, to be built
when Mr. Gilkison, the Government Superintendent of
Indians, should have completed his survey. This survey
it was expected would show each house and cultivated
field, and thus cnaolc the best site to be selected for this
proposed church.

In 1867 a large portion of every congregation of Indians
on the banks of the Grand River did not understand
English, but many individual Indians, and particularly the
young, were ac(iuainted with the English language. All
the discourses of the missionaries in the churches were
translated Into Indian by the interpreters. On Sundays
and other days, when there were stated services, the inter-
preter attended the English service, and gave the substance
of what had been said to the Indians in their native lan-
guage, sentence by sentence. In making parochial visits,
the missionary was accompanied by the interpreter, who
was also liable at any other time, as for instance, in the
visitation of the sick, to be called upon to assist the
Minister, so that his services arc frequently in requisition.
Probably the services of inter[)reters are still needed.

Mr. Henry John Lister, a brother of one of the membcs,
visited, in 1808, the Company's missionary stations in
Canada, and according to his report thereon, dated Feb-
ruary 25th 1869, the Indians on the Tnscarora Reserve
were estimated at 2800, all professing Christianity, except
600 Cayugas, and of the whole number about 800 at-
tended church with more or less regularity; and soon
afterwards the Rev. A. Nelles reported the number of

■i

III

1 u

GRAND RIVER.

[18G8.

i 1'

! i

(.1 .

P ■!

I \

•; . : '

i •

1 ■ ■

^■: : ,!

Six Nations Indians to be about 2000, of whom tMO-thirds
were women and children, and about GOO still pagans.

Mr. Henry John Lister's report, of the 25th February,
18G9,on the New England Company's missions in Canada, so
far as related to this Grand River Mission, was as follows : —

" During my stay in New York last summer I received a
letter from my brother, stating that your Treasurer, and
the Company generally, would b(; glad if, during my intended
journey in Canada, I would visit your Missionary Stations
there. On my accepting the proposal, Mr. Heywood kindly
forwarded me letters of introduction to the various ministers,
and also the necessary instructions.

" On the 29th September 1868, I arrived at Brantford,
and the following morning the Rev. Canon Nelles called
upon me and drove me to the parsonage, three miles from
the town, a comfortable little house, well situated in the
glebe and school-house lots of 300 acres. On the road Mr.
Nelles gave me a good deal of general information about
the Indians of that Reserve, which, at the risk of being
tedious, perhaps I had better repeat.

" At the close of the War of Independence, our Govern-
ment had to provide a settlement for the Indians of the Six
Nations, Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, Scnecas, Onondagas,
and Tuscaroras, as, having fought on our side, they would
not have received considerate treatment in their old homes
in the state of New York. They were, therefore, given a
grant of land (about 90 miles in length), consisting of
several miles on each side of the Grand River, from its
source to its mouth. This large tract has been reduced at
various times till it now consists of no more than 55,000
acres, (the whole parish of Tuscarora), on which are settled
about 2800 Indians, all of them nominal Christians except
the Cayuga tribe, COO in number, who refuse to be baptized,
sacrifice a dog in winter, &c., and are rather more slovenly
farmers than their neighbours. About 800 Indians go to
church with more or less regularity. None of the three

1808.]

GRAND lUVEll.

missionaries know cnougli Iroquois to pro.ich in it, but
both Mr. NcUcs and Mr. ]^]lliot can speak and read it fairly
(Mr. Nelles knows of no grammar or dictionary of the
tongue). The internal government is peculiar; there is a
senate of chiefs who meet pretty often at the Council
House, and the President is the Government agent for the
time being. All important matters, such as the sale of
land belonging to the Indians, must be approved by a
majority of the chiefs present, and the agent, who sends
their resolution for the Crown ajjproval to the Canadian
Indian Department, after which it becomes law. The
chiefs arc not elected, but the office is hereditary through
the mother, not as with most nations through the father.
After a short stay at the parsonage, Mr. Nelles, Mr. Bon-
slaugh (the School Superintendent), and I went to the
Institution (about half-a-mile ofl").

" We entered first the boy's school-room, where were about
40 children, all healthy looking, and evidently half of them
of mixed blood. The l)ovs read with tolerable mechanical
correctness, but most of them did not seem to wish to ask
the meanings of words they did not understand. With one
or two exceptions they never read after leaving school, but
then they are not tempted at the Institution to do so by
entertaining story books. About 10 boys did sums in
reduction fairly well, but nearly all had to be told the rule
first. The present set of boys are rather young ; however,
13 left the school last year, with a thorough knowledge of
aritlimetic, at least up to the rule of three and decimals.

" The dormitories seemed very clean and well ventilated,
but there were only 16 beds for 37 boys, so some contained
three boys apiece. The girls were at dinner when I went
to their side of the house. The meal consisted of a kind
of Irish stew of very fine potatoes, meal, scraps of meat
and bread. The drink was water; meat is given three
times a week.

" I afterwards visited the girls' school-room, and found

■•> I

if^

• 1

f •

GRAND lUVEll.

[18G8.

there about 40 children and the teacher, who seemed to
manage them well. The girls were certainly more
advanced than the boys, 8 of them read (luite correctly and
did diflicult sums in compound division and subtraction.
The Institution on the whole is very well managed, l)ut I
think migiit be made much more useful if the day-scliools
on the Reserve were improved. Ojnitting exceptional
cases, I would make regular attendance at the day-schools
and good conduct there a sine qud non before admittance
to the Institution, which is mach sought for by the
Indians. At present most of the children are quite igno-
rant, many even of English, when they enter the Institu-
tion, and therefore Mr. Nelles likes to keep them there for
five years, a much longer time than would be necessary if
they had been efliciently taught in the day-schools, when
perhaps half that time would sutFice ; and therefore, double
the number of children could be educated in the period of
five years, without enlarging the present building. Be-
sides, it is to the day-schools that the education of the
greater part of the Lulians must be entrusted, so their
efficiency is very important. The best and cheapest
teachers for them would be Indians brought up at the In-
stitution ; and perhaps sent afterwards for a year to a good
school for teachers, like the Normal School at Toronto.

" Mr. lloberts suggests that every school-house be placed
■Lnder the charge of your chief missionary, as this is the
only plan for keeping them in good order, especiall}'^ when
furnished with maps, tablet lessons, etc., of which there is
great need at present.

" I devoted two days to the Reserve, the nearest part of
which is seven miles from the Institution. On the first,
Mr. Nelles drove me to Isaac Barefoot's School, No. 3,
where I had a good opportunity of seeing the people, as
fully 200 of them were collected together a'c a feast given
by an Indian Temperance Society. All were nicely
dressed, and their (juiet well-bred numners struck me very
much.

■i-r

isr.fl.]

GRAND IllVER.

V .lii

rst,

frv

" The (liiuicr was a really excellent one, consisting of beef,
nintton, chickens, cakes and pies, — all cooked by Indiana ;
after which, Mr. Nellcs and Mr, Roberts made sjiccches
■which were translated, then dilFerent Indians spoke in
their own languaf^e. jNIr. Nellcs and Mr. Roberts then
drove to the new clnirch of Kanycaj2;eh, an extremely
l)cautifnl little building, in a good position in the heart of
the IJeserve. The Rev. Rol)ert James Roberts is the
regular minister there, Init Mr. Nellcs olhciatcs on Com-
munion days. The Six Nations have granted a glebe of 8
acres, on which Mr. Koberts is to build the parsonage, but
the patent is not yet made out by Government. The fol-
lowing day Mr. Nellcs took me to Mm. Roberts' School
three miles from the parsonage, but to which INIrs. Roberts
Avalks every day. I was then driven to the extreme north-
east part of the Reserve, and from there to Mr. Elliot's, at
Tnscarora ; and so saw the greater part of it, except the
south-east corner, where the Dchiwares and Tuscaroras arc
located. Not more than one-third of the ground is culti-
vated, and a great part of that in a very slovenly manner ;
still I was told the Indians have much improved. Their
chief crops are wheat, Indian corn, oats and hay, formerly
they grew nothing but a little Indian corn. INIost of the
houses are cottages of one or two rooms, built of boards or
logs ; and arc now usually heated by a stove, not so good
a plan as the old-fashioned wide chimneys which allowed
plenty of ventilation.

" There is not a single village on the Reserve, each house
stands in its own lot of about 50 acres. Indians should l)e
encouraged to dig wells, which they might easily do, as
water is found at a very slight d(>pth ; they now drink the
nearest water to their huts, quite regardless whether it
come from a stagnant pool or not.

" Mr. Elliot showed me the place where he proposed to
build his new church (see the map of the Reserve). I
catuiot help thinking, however, that a more central site

(il

jl;

'(!

I ' I

GRAND RIVER.

[1868.

(say near the Council House) would be preferable. The
old eliurch is certaiidy on the wronj; side of the river, so a
new one is needed ; the Six Nations ought to contril)ute
more than they do, both of money and labour, to their
churches, and other works for their benefit. The Dela-
wares in the south-east part of the Reserve support their
own schoolmaster : they give him I believe {jj^nOO per anniun.

" Mr. Gilkison, the Government Superintendent of
Indians, told me that he was going to make a survey of
the ground, showing each house and cultivated field ; he
hoped to get it done in the spring. I asked him for a
coi)y for the Company, as you will then be able to see
where cluuches, schools, houses, etc., are most required.
Before leaving the subject of the Grand llivcr, I must
thank j\lr. Nclles and your other missionaries for their
personal kindness to me, and for their eagerness to give me
every inforuuition. As far too as my short stay would
permit me to see, they seem to have gained the confidence
even of the jiagan Indians.

" jNIr. Roberts wishing to get all the instruction possible
as to new school-books, modes of teaching, etc., I met him
by appointment at Toronto, and we went together to the
Normal School there, a seemingly capital Institution. A
newer class of lesson books is miich wanted in your
schools, as well as useful and entertaining ones for a lend-
ing library. All these can be well and cheaply bought at
the Normal School, Toronto."

After reporting on the other Stations at Chemong and
Rice Lakes,* and at Garden River,t ^Ir. Henry J. Lister's
report proceeds thus : —

■' I have thus visited all the Stations in which you have
an interest, except the Bay of Quinte, and will recapitulate
what seemed to me the most needed at each.

* See 1). 151.

t See p. 200.

In I

18C8.]

ORANl) HIVE II.

Improvement of diiy-scliools.

Story books.

Better seliool-books.

Books suitable for a lending library, and coloured

pictures for walls, all of which Mr. Ncllcs or Mr.

Bobert Roberts can obtain best at the Normal

School, Toronto.
IVIap of Bcscrvc, showing cleared land, etc.
School-houses to be handed over to missionaries.
Indians to be eneouniged to dig wells."

him

to the

your

lend-

dit at

X, and
stev's

have
tulatc

It should here be stated that, down to the year 1808, all
the accounts relating to the expenses of the Kanyeageh
district, including the stipend of the Rev. R. J. Rol)erts,
were forwarded to the Treasurer by the Roy. A. Nelles, by
whom, alone or jointly Mith the Rev. A. Elliot, drafts on
the Company were drawn and all payments made.

In 1808, the Treasurer thought it woidd be advantage-
ous that the accounts of the Kanyeageh district should
be forwarded direct to him bv the Rev. R. J. Roberts:
and accordingly Mr. Roberts, in pursuance of instructions
from the Treasurer, rendered separate accounts of his salary
and outlay on the Company's account at Midsummer, 18G8,
and the subsequent half years.

On the 20th June 1808, the Treasurer wrote to the Rev.
R. J. Roberts, requesting him to draw a bill on him for
certain sums then payable to Mr. Roljcrts, stating that he
would inform the Rev. A. Nelles that Mr. Roberts would
in future draw direct on him for his salary and other sums.

On the 22nd September 1808, the Treasurer also wrote
to the Rev. A. Nelles that " Kanyeageh should have sepa-
rate accounts."

The Treasurer finding himself in the dark as to the
mission in the interior of the Tuscarora iteserve, south-
west of the Grand River, where the Rev. R. J, Roberts
was doing duty, wrote to the Rev. R. J. Roberts for such

i:i

\>i

■fl

l. I

(JKAND lUVKU.

[1H08-9.

statistical ami other information on the suljjcct of tho
mission, tlic schools, and other matters as he was desirons
of obtaining.

At tho end of December 1808, the Company anthorizcd
the expenditure, thr()ii;;h the Ilev. R. J. Roberts, of £10,
in i)ayment of \vajj;e8 to James \Vinny Hill (a Mohawk
Indian) for one year, for elearin<i; and draininfjj swamps and
eidtivatiiif^ the land at Kanycaf^ch ; and ,C^7 for wag(!s to
two other Indians employed in similar woiks near the
Kanycaj;(;h Church, din'in}^ the autumn of IHOH.

Out of the; grant of £U), Mr. Roberts paid .81 HO, or
.t'M). 10.*. n</.,to J. W. Hill, for nine months' work on the
Kanyeageh Farm, from April to December, 1809. The
frost and snow no doubt i)revenled his working for the first
quarter of the year.

In 1809, the Company entertained the opinion that the
Kanycageh district and church should, on account of dis-
tance and other circumstances, be constituted a separate
missio.tary station, and that the Rev. R. J. Roberts should
be appointed the resident missionary there, instead of being
only assistant missionary under Canon Nclles.

On the 10th January 18' , the Treasurer wrote the Rev.
R. J. Roberts that he had written the Rev. A. Nclles on
the alteration of the system by which now the money mat-
ters of Kanycageh form a separate department, and that
he did not expect Mr. Nclles to draw more on his, Mr.
Roberts's, account.

In March, 1869, the Dean of Huron attended a meeting
of the special committee, and after conversation with him
respecting the education of Indians, the committee granted''^
£120 per annum for three years for the education of two

* This grant was in effect increased, on tiic Otli September, 1870, to £05
each for two boys and three girls at these eoile{<es, — coUefjes which were both
fonnded by the present Dean of Huron, wliose name they bear. The two boys
first placed there were Henry Hevcrley Jolmson, and Nclles A. Monture. The
girls were Helen (J. E. Jolinson, Siisimnah Carpenter, and .Jemima Maraelc. For
earlier information as to some of liiesc young Indians, sec page 36 of the Report
printed in 18fi9.

If:

18CU.]

UHANI) KIVICII.

Indian bova nt ll(;lliimtli ('olhij^o, London, Ontario (our
of tlicsn hoys was llonry U. Johnson, ah'cady a pnpil there)
and t'liiO per annum for three years for the education of
two Indian ii,'\vU at the llelhnuth I^adies' ('oUe^e (one of
th(!se {^irls was Helen C E. Johnson, already a i)upil there) j
and the eoinniittee phieed th' nomination of the other boy
and girl in the hands of the K"v. A. Nelles.

TIic committee nt the same time granted JtGO for the
use of the dav schools on the Indian Reserve.

The Treasurer, in annoiuuMnfi; this grant to the Rev, R.
J. Roberts informed him that this sum was [ilaced at his
disposal, and recommended him to consult the Indians with
a view to improving the schools, and added that it was in*
tended for school-children's clothing, and for the purchase
of maps, books, etc., for ihe day schools on the Indian Re-
serve, and reciuestcd him to suggest im[)rovements or reme-
dies ibr defects in the schools south ot'the river. Mr. Roberts
accordingly visited them all, and reported thereon in May
1809, with numerous suggestions for their improvement,
specifying miiny defects, and pointing out remedies for eon-
aideration. In doings so, he alluded to Mr. Langevin's bill
in the Local Legislature, which was passed and received
the Governor's assent iu the following month.*

On the 27th April 1801), the Special Committee granted
.£20 to the Indian Agi'icnltural Society, established iu
1808 in the Grand River lieserve, to be applied in award-
ing prizes of useful articles, such as agricultur*' imple-
ments, tools, clothing, and seeds to the Indians, . ..d as au
encouragement to industry, according to the mode sug-
gested by Mr. Roberts.

The committee at the same time resolved that the con-
sideration of Mr. H. J. Lister's report should be postponed
to the next meeting of the committee, and the Treasurer was
requested, in his next letter to Mr. Nelles, to allude to the
ignorance of the Indian children, |)artieularly in the En-
* Stc Appendix II. p. 251.

i :

i-T-T

Si'.

u mi

1 1 1

■fi

I;
I

ill i

;

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: 1

1
1

1
j

[

r 1

GUAND KIVKU.

[18(59.

glish laiif^uagc, on entering the Mohawk Institution, and to
express the opinion of the committee, that thi3 ijcst persons
to be euii)loyed as teachers at the day schools in tlie
lleserve, woidd be fonud amoii*;^ those Indii ns who have
been educated, either at the Normal School at Toronto, or
some other similar institution.

The committee resolved that the Rev. A. T^'cUcs should
be written to, acquainting him that it was the desire of" the
Company, in consideration of the services rendered by the
llcv. 11. J. Roberts, to appoint him to be their missionary
at Kanyeageh, and to take charge of the chui'ch, and to
superintend the two schools in connection with that con-
gregation now known as Nos. 2 and 8,

On 5th ]\[ay 18G9, t^e Treasurer wroti- Cai.on Nelles
accordingly, and also with reference to a plan oi' the pro-
posed [)arsonage at Kanycageh, and an estimate Avhicli the
Committee were obtaining through Mr. Roberts, and the
steps they wished the Canon to state for obtaining the
Patent of the eight acres on which the parsonage was to
be built.

Much covrcspondence followed, whioh it is unnecessarv
lierc to state in detail. The proposed change in Mr. Roberts'
position originated solely with the Company, and was sug-
gested oil their part in consideration of the great distance
from Canon Nelles' residence to Kanycageh, his age, and the
impossibility of his discharging efficiently the duties of the
w hole district and of two churches, and in the belief that the
alteration was called for in the interest and for the greater
ease of Canon Nelles himself, as well as for the furtherance
of the objects [ironiotcd by the Company.

The following resolution was passed at the Annual
General Court, held on June 3()th ISGD: —

" Tiiat this Court aijjjroves and adopts the resolution
passed by the Special Committee on the 27th of April last,
as to the ai)i)()intment of the Rev. Robert J. Roberts as
the Con^jany's ^list^ionary ut Kanycageh, with an addi-

18G9.]

GllAND KIVEU.

lislaiice

\uh\ the

of the

lat the

; venter

oraucc

tion of £2lj per annum to his salary, and with the express
reservation to the Rev. Canon Nellcs of his title of first or
chief INIissionary, and with the request to all the Com-
pany's missionaries at the (irand River Settlement to
work together with the same harmony and Christian spirit
as heretofore. Kofe. — The two schools intended to be
designated by the said resolution are those of Mrs. Roberts
and Miss Crom])ie."

This Court decided to increase the school teachers'
salaries by capitation fees, and to send out printed forms of
school returns. Ti.j Treasurer, 3rd July 18G9, wrote to
Cajion Nellcs a letter, the first two paragraphs of which
were as follows: —

•'Your suggestion and ^Ir. Elliot's, of the 12th June,
" mentions that you and the Rev. A. Elliot advise the em-
" ployment of an Indian at the jMohawk Institution, not
"only to teach Eng;lish, but also to be an interpreter to
''the children; this the New England Company willingly
" accede to, and they are further desirous that the interprc-
" ter should be an assistant to you, and that he should
" receive a salary not exceeding £60 a year."

" The salaries of the teachers on the day schools of tlie
" Reserve, the Company wish to be increased by capitation
" fees reckoned on the number of pupils in each school, and
"they will be glad of your advice with respect to the
" amount of capitation fee on each child, and the arrange-
" ment of reports about school attendance, so as to ascer-
" tain the n\unber of pupils on whom capitation fees would

" be charged."

IVnnual

olution
[il last,
lerts as
addi-

On the 2 Ith July 1809, the Treasurer wrote to the Rev.
Canon Nellcs as follows : —

" There are no vacancies for any more female seliolarsliips
under the New England Company tlian for IMisses Johnson,
Carpenter, and ]Monture, so that new candidates cannot huvo
any cliance at present.

11 2

■i;r

'I :

100

GUAM) IIIVKK.

[i86y.

" Will you kindly inform inc liow the Indianti hold theii' re-
spective properties in the Grand llivor lleserve ? Are there
any agreements, like leases*, and is each piece of appropriated
ground held for life or for a term of years, or at will ?

'Is there now a white population near the Moliawk Insti-
tution, from whom pupils may be expected, if there should bo
instruction given at the Mohawk Institution to white children
as well as Indians? At the Bay of Quinte the New England
Company's Scliool comprises both Mohawk children and white
cliildren, and the whites pay and thus increase the salaries of
the teachers. AVHiat do you think of scholars of both racea
being admitted ?"

On the 30th August, the Rev, Canon wrote : — '' I am
" much pleased to hear that the Company has acceded to
"our suggestion of employing an Indian tcaclicr at tlie
" Mohawk Institution ; the object we have in view would
"not be accomplished by employing Jolm Jacobs, as he
" speaks only the Ojibway language, and is entirely unac-
" quainted with that spoken by the Six Nations. The
" most eligible person is Isaac Barefoot, a Mohawk Indian,
" wlio has taught one of the Company's schools for several
"years. He is a good scholar and a good teacher, having
" spent some time in the Normal School at Toronto.

"I beg to inform von that the deed for the five acres of
" land around the new church has been received, but that
" for the parsonage lot has not yet been received ; it was
"expected that the two parcels of larul would have been
"contained in one deed, but by some mistake this has not
" been done. The superintendent here has written to the
•' Dei)artment, strtmgly m-ging them to send it with as little
" delay as possible.

" With resi)eet to increasing the salaries of school
" te<;chers by capitation fees, I do not see how that can be
"done with fairness. The teacher who has the smallest
" number of scholars is recpured to devote as much time to
'• the work as those who have the greatest number of
" scholars, and often has more inconvenience and difliculty

I !

S!: 1

18G1).]

MOHAWK INSTITUTIOV.

101

" to contend with. The only way in which this plan can
" he carried out, in my opinion, will be to give a niininiuin
" salary to every teacher, and then make an addition aecord-
"ing to the number of scholars, if thought desirable."

According to the recommendation contained in Canon
Nelles' letter of the 30th August, Isaac Barefoot was, in
September 18G9, appointed teacher in the Mohawk Insti-
tution, with a salary of L'(H) per annum. And the salaries
of the following school teachers were raised to 8:20(), or
.€10 each, viz. : Miss Crorabie, Mrs. Roberts, Mrs. Pow-
Icss, Mrs. Beaver, aiul Miss llyndman.

In the autumn of 1809 the Treasurer consulted Canon
Nelles and Mr. Elliot on the sulyect of schools; and they,
in November, 18G1), advised against laying out money on
the present school buildings, particularly those not beloug-
ing to the Company.

The Special Committee, on the 2ist December 1801),
granted :f 20 per annum to the Six Nations Agrieidtural
Society, for prizes, and ij\0 to the Ojibway Indians at
New Credit, for a similar purjjose.

chool
be
allest
e to

ler of
culty

MoiiAWK Institution.

Mr. Thomas Gritnth, teacher at the Mohawk Institu-
tion, reported, in 18(59, to the New England Company that
for the half year ending the 30th of June 18G9, there
were in that seminary A7 male iiujjils and 42 female pupils,
altogctlier 89.

In the male department, the ages of the head class were,
one pupil, 19, and two ])ui)ils, each If) years old. These
three scholars had gone through a course of arithmetic as
far as cube root, as well as courses of algebra, book-keep-
ing, etc.

The ages of the second class consisted of one pupil of
20, two of 18, and one of 17 years old ; these youths had
been learning the fifth book, English history, grammar.

JM I

^■1 |:i

'!' i

'il

102

r.UANM) UIVER.

[18fi9.

geography, and aritlinietic as I'ar as com[)onii(l proportion
and fractions.

There were 13 male pupils in the third chiss, their re-
spective ages varied from 12 to 18, and their suhjects of in-
struction comprised the fourth ])ook, second lesson, gram-
mar as far as the conjugation of the verb, arithmetic to
compound rules and fractions, geography, the Catechism
and Testament reading.

Seven pupils uerc in the fourth class ; their ages varied
from 12 to 14 years, and they were learning the third book,
])age 20; arithmetic as far as compound addition, the Church
Catechism, etc.

The fifth class included 14 pupils, of ages varying from
10 to 18: their sul)jeets were spelling, reading in the second
book, page 24; writing in large hand, learning multiplica-
tion table and simple Catechism, and ciphering as far as
simple addition.

The sixth class, of six pupils, were reading the first book,
page 20, and tlieir ages varied from 9 to 12.

In the Girls' School there were 1 1 in the first class, of
ages varying from 11 to IG. Thev were reviewing the Fifth
Book of Lessons, reading English history, and studying
geography and grammar ; they learnt arithmetic as far as
the compound rules and fractions, and the Explanatory
Catechism ; they read in the Testament^ and learnt needle-
work, spinning, etc.

The second girls' class comprised six pupils, of ages
varying from 11 to IG. They read the Fourth book, page
281 ; learnt the first prinoii)lcs of grammar, arithmetic as
far as the. compound rules, and the Explanatory Catechism;
they also read in the Testament, and did needlework.

A third class of girls comprised 10 pupils, of ages vary-
ing from 10 to IG. They read in the Third book, page
50; learnt arithmetic as far as simple multiplication and
division, and the Church Catcxhism ; they also read in the
Testament; and were instructed in needlework.

18()'J.]

M01IA^YK INSTITUTION.

103

Eight foiiuile pu{)ils were in the fourth class, of ages
from 11 to 16. Tliey were reading tlic Second book, page
1)1; tliey learnt arilhinetic — !?iniple addition, subtraction,
and inultiplieation table; tiiey also learnt Catechism, first
steps, and were taught needlework.

The filth class of girls included seven pupils, of ages
varying from 9 to If. They were reading the First book,
page '62, and were taught needlework.

Isaac Barefoot, appointed in July 1869 teacher in the
girls' department of the ]\lohawk Institution, reports for
the half year ending the 31st of Deceml)er 186!), that the
upper class of girls (:25) were reading the Third book in
the new series, studying grammar and history, practising
composition, writing, and oiidiering in sim[)le interest,
weights and measures, simple division and subtraction.

A younger class of girls (8) are described by I. Bare-
foot as reading the Third book of the old series, page 10,
studying Watts's Catechism, writing, and ciphering in
simple division and subtraction.

Four girls are mentioned by Isaac Barefoot as reading
the Third book, old series, page 10, studying Catechism,
writing, and ciphering in simi)le rules.

One girl as reading the Second book, page 6.

Three girls as reading the First book, old series, i)age
33. And four girls as reading the First i)ook, old series,
page Ik

In the rojort from Mr. Grillilh lor the half year ending
the 31st of December 186!), the teacher remarks that in
January 1867, a class of 17 or 18 boys, of this school,
underwent a creditable examination in the presence of Mr.
(iilkison, the local Indian Sui)erintendent, and of some
other gcntlc'.nen, who expressed themselves extremely well
pleased with the boys' proficiency.

Alexander Smith, the first name on this class list, is the
only one remaining in 1869 of the above-mentioned class,
and he was afterwards awav for above a vcar, but returned

101

r.KAND lllVKK.

[18Gi>.

in tlic spring of 1809, and worked hard to prepare himself
for the profession of a teacher. Tic is- dcscril)ed by Mr.
Gridith as " certainly a talented yonng man." lie is now a
teacher in a day school in the reserve. The ether boys of
the same class arc re[)ortcd by Mr. GrilHth as " generally
sober, steady, industrions yonng men, promising fairly to
take their places in respectable society."

The Rev. Canon Nellcs was on the 30tb June 1869,
authorized to provide a sufficient number of iron bedsteads
to allow every pupil to have a separate bed.

The Special Committee, on the 21st of December 18G9,
granted £60 to Canon Nellcs towards building a new
school-house, with two apartments, for boys and girls, near
the Mohawk Institution.

The committee also resolved " That it is desirable that
*' school sections, on a similar plan to that adopted at
" white schools in Canada, be authorized according to the
^' mode suggested by the Rev. R. J. Roberts, with incor-
*' porated committees of management and with a common
"seal."

I'i

Day Schools.

Day schools maintained by the New England Company
in the Tuscarora Reserve, south of Grand River : —

(1.) Day schools, especially superintended by the Rev.
Canon Nellcs.

(«.) Alexander Smith's School (No. 3), which was con-
ducted by Isaac Rarcfoot, January to June 30th 1869,
was subsequently under the care of George Hill, and has
been placed more recently under Alexander Smith.

Isaac Barefoot reports of this school, for the quarter
ending the 30th June 1869, that there was an attendance
of thirty-four pupils (comprising boys and girls) for those
three months, varying from three days to 444 days.

George Hill, in his report for the quarter ending 31st of
December 1869, mentions Mavor's Spelling-book as one

' i

;

b ',)

18G9]

DAY SCHOOLS.

105

of the lesson l)ooks cmployccl ; and he distinguislies in the
upper chiss six pupils who write on slates, and six who
write on paper. Of these twelve seholars, ten learn the
catechism and arc taught simple rules in arithmetic.

(b.) Elizabeth Ilyndman gives the local name for
her School (No. 7), of " Strong's School-housc.'' The
majority of her pupils write on slates, and she notes the
tribes, Mohawks or Cayugas, to which each pupil belongs.
The definitions of grammar and definitions of geography
form two headings of columns in the lists of subjects
taught to the scholars. Spelling, the simple rules of
arithmetic, English history, and the catechism are also
taught in her school.

(c.) Isaiah Joseph's School (No. 9), further east in the
Tuscarora Reserve. The Indians residing on the lower
part of the Reserve and near the Ojibways, during the
year 1869 put up this school-house, with the assistance of
about £30 given them by the Company through Canon
Nelles. At one time there had been a school in the
neighbourhood, but none for two or three years. The
Indians applied for a teacher ; and as there was no school
near, and a good many children of an age to attend school.
Canon Nelles recommended that a teaelier should be given
them.

The school was opened at the beginning of the year
1870, and the Company have since paid the schoolmaster^s
salary, here as elsewhere.

This school is situate in or near the New Credit
district, and not far from a Wcslcyan Methodist Mission.

(2.) Under the Rev. Adam Elliot's especial care.

The Special Committee on the 21st of December 1869,
granted .€60 to the Rev. A. Elliot for the purpose of
improving generally the schools under his charge.

(d.) Mrs. Powless's School (No. 4) is situate on the
south bank of Grand River, nearly opposite to the Rev.
A. Elliot's parsonage. The Baptists formerly held meetings

li!

lOfi

OUANM) UIVKH.

[IHfiO.

in the house now nsed as the school, auil tlicy have kindly
lent it to the Uev. A. Elliot to he used as a school-house. It
is built of lof^s of wood, and has a large stove in it to secure
sufti(;ient warmth in winter.

Elizabeth Powless was a Mohawk Tiidian teacher, the
number of children on her list forty-eight.

(e.) Daniel Simon's School (No. 5), was formerly A.
Anthony's School.

The Rev. A. JilUiot, in a letter to the Treasurer, of
June 18Gi), particularly mentions this school, and thus
graphically describes the locality in 18G9 :

''There is a little wooden chapel about a mile distant
" from this school, which wa.s liuilt bv the Indians them-
" selves, in which I meet them weekly on jMondaysfor l)i-
" vi'ic Service. The Indians resident on this part of the
" vescrve are of the Delaware tribe, and the schoolmaster's
" name is Albert Anthony. The number of children on
" his list is 22, but at my last visit only 14' were present.
" The teacher is a young Indian, and has a hap[)y method
" of imparting instruction. The number of the tribe settled
''here, never, I believe, exceeded 100, including the chil-
" dren, and is now rather diminished on account of removals
" to other parts of the country, but the people arc par-
" ticularly interesting to me, because it pleased God to
" enable me to induce them to renounce paganism and em-
" brace Christianity. Most of them now understand En-
" glish, live by farming, and are much improved. These
" Indians were not considered as included in my mission
" here, but soon after my arrival I I'ound that they were
*' very degraded and wholly destitute of the means of in-
" struction, and I felt a strong inclination to extend my
" labours to them. On nudcing an offer to the most in-
" telligent of their chiefs, George Anthony, to visit them,
" he was very shy, and said that his people were poor, that
" the distance from my parsonage to their settlements was
" great, that they could not entertain a man like me, and

ISH!).

n 1

DAY SCHOOLS,

107

" that it would be best to defer mv visit till the Indians
" should be in better circumstances, liut I told him that
" 1 was not hard to jjlease about accommodation, and that,
" if necessary, I would willingly sleep under a tree, lie
" seemed surprised and interested, and asked mc when I
" would make my visit, to which I answered, 'Jiisl noiv.'
" So I returned with him to his home in the forest, and
" had a meeting with his tribe; on the following day. But
" I must not omit to acquaint you that he nd his family
" lived in a log-honse, and that they treated me with hos-
" pitality and kindness, according to their best ability. He
" was the inicle of Albert Anthony, our present school-
" master. From tliat time my visits were regularly con-
" tinned, and, knowing English, George Anthony, the
"chief, was my interpreter. Hundreds of times I walked
" to their settlement through the thick woods, summer and
" winter, for there were neither roads nor bridges then, and
" to go on foot was necessary. It was no easy matter some-
" times to keep in the right direction throngh the wild
" woods. To cross the streams of water was iirdeed on some
" occasions dangerous, and I always felt very tired when T
" returned home, but no serious accident ever occurred ;
" my humble labour was attended with success, and I was
" thankful. The Indians were soon persuaded to receive a
" schoolmastcrand to embrace Christianity, and I have never
'•' ceased to visit them. The distance from this place to their
'' settlement is about nine or ten miles across the reserve,
" bnt it is twice as far to go by the bridge at Caledonia,
" about nine miles down the river from this jiarsonage."

(/.) Mrs. Beaver's School (No. G).

" I have got another school in my Mission, No. 0, on
"lot No. 1, on the sixth concession of the township of
" Oneida, at the line between it and the township of Tus-
" carora. It is kept in a comfortable room, the pro^jorty
"of an Indian named John Beaver, the husband of the
" teacher, Jemima Beaver, She has thirty-two on her

108

ORANK lUVIOU.

[180«).

" list of seliol.'irs. I visited licr school lutcly, wlieii only
" nine children were present, though it is usnully iittendi'd
" by a greater nnniher. The teacher, Mrs. H(!iivcr, is of
" the Moliawk tribe. The; Indians in this neighl)uurh()od
"are principally pagans, and strongly i)rcjndiced against
" Christianity. Their chiefs arc very averse to the cdn-
" cation of their children, because they sec that it would tend
" to the discontinnancc of their heathen customs. But
" none of these schools on the Indian reserve are by any
" means so regularly attended as we desire, the chief reason
"of Avhich is, in my oj)inion, not to be ascribed to the
" poor Indian children, who arc docile, but to the apathy of
" their parents, and their want of a due appreciation of the
"instruction of their children. You will perceive from
" the quarterly reports of the teachers to the Rev. Mr.
" Nelles, which arc sent to you half-yearly by him, for the
"information of the New England Company, that in these
" schools the children arc taught in the usual elementary
" branches in English."

Mrs. Beaver, on the 30th December 18G9, re})orts the
names of twenty pupils at that time on the school list,
with a weekly average attendance of about 32 only. The
alphabet, spelling, and easy reading were then the prin-
cipal subjects of instruction, as well as the Church
Catechism and arithmetic. The school is situate in the
eastern part of the reserve, where many Indians, including
both Cayngas and Oncidas, have never relinquished their
ancestral form of faith.

(3). Under the Ilev. R. J. Roberts' ^special care.^

{g.) Mrs. Roberts' school (No. 2) .

The Rev. R. J. Roberts reports of Mrs. Roberts' school,

•in 18G9, that it was held in the Episcopal Methodist

Chapel (formerly Thomas's school-house) during the first

half of that year, and for 17 days in July, and that the

daily average attendance of pupils during the 17 days in

* As to Grant oi' JL'GO aunoiiiiced to Mr. Holjcrts, see ante ji. 97.

111 !l:

pnn-

lurch

the

uding

their

chool,
lodist
first
it the
ys in

IbOU-TO.]

DAY SCHOOLS.

lOU

July was 17, and tliut it was hchl near the Council-house
during eleven days of the (|u:irtcr ending Sopteuiher 30th,
and that the daily average attendance during that period
was '64, and that the average weekly attendance of children
was douhle what it was when Thomas Thomas taught the
school, eight years ago.

Mrs. Roberts reports on the SOtli of September 18G9,
that " the attendance during the quarter appears smaller
"than usual, but I would remark that there are four weeks
"of vacation to be deducted from the quarter, and also two
" weeks additioiud, being the interval between the closing of
" the school in the Episcopal Chapel and its reopening
" near the Council-house. The attendance for the whole
" quarter is comprised in the two Reports which I have here
" made. Many of the children are at this season kept from
" school to gather berries, or assist in husking corn. Some
" cannot attend on account of scanty clothing. The weather
"has been unusually wet and cold."

In the report of Mrs. Roberts of her school near the
Council-house, for the quarter ending the 31st of December
18G9, there are G5 names on the school-register.

(/() Miss Henrietta Crombie's school (No. 8), at Kan-
yeageh, near the church, contained on its register for the
(luarter ending September 30th, 1809, the names of 53
pupils. The daily average attendance was 17.

The Rev. R, J. Roberts remarks that the unusually wet
weather and bad condition of the roads had prevented
many children from attending school that quarter. No
infants could attend unless they lived close by. The
Report for the (piarter was made out by James Hill, a
young Indian, as Miss Crombie was very ill, and had just
heard of the death of a near relation.

For the three months, October, November, and Decem-
ber, 18G9, the names of 41 pupils appeared on the
Register.

On the 1st of January 1870, the Treasurer wrote as

OKANI) UIVEIl,

[1870.

ii
11

M 'I

! 1

'•

_ 1 1

follows to the Mayor of Mraiilfonl, rcspcctiiif? the for-
mation of a school scetion in the neij^hhourhood of
Kaiiycafichj in the Tiiscarora Indian roscivc, inidcr the
New l']n,u;liind (/Oinpany : —

" The Counnittcij on Indian aO'airs have sanctioned the
" formation of a school section in the reserve, with Kan-
" yeageh school as a place of nieetinf; for the trnstees, and
" the New England ('otnj)any will present the school trus-
** tees with a corporate scud,

" The limits of the school section arc traced in a nnip
" of the reserve, and inclndc; in the third concession, lots
" 11) to 80 in(!lnsive, and in tin; second concession, the
" northern parts of the same lots, 19 — 30

" Mr. llohcrts approves of this section, and has shown
"the proposed section to several intelligent Indians, who
" also approve of it.

"The New Kngland Company, throngh its Coniinittec
"on Itulian Aflairs, also approve of it ; bnt Mr. Roberts is
"in want of a little assistance to organ'-e the election of
"tlic school trustees.

" The householders, whether male or female, resident in
"the section are to vote: and I shall be obliged if cither
" you or some other friend to the Indians, will kiiully select
" a person accustomed to organize, and will ask him to
" call on the Rev. R. J. Roberts, and to take instructions
" for the selection of a proper secretary, and to ask him
" (the secretary) to summon the householders in the section
"to a meeting, for the election of school trustees.

"It is important that the Kanyeageh Indians should
" adopt the great principle of representation, which has
" aided so materially in the civilization of the Anglo-Saxons,
" and at the present time a fair and constitutional repre-
" ntation of local Indian opinion will be very valuable as

o Kanyeageh interests.^'

On the 2Gth January 1870, Mr. Roberts informed
the Treasurer, that with a view of organizing school

.Im; lil

1870.]

SCHOOL SI. ilONB.

Ill

trustees for tlio Knnycfijjch niul roimcil-iiousc Seliool
Sections, ho hud simmioiud tlu; lioiiscliolilcrs of the
rcspr'ctive sections on the '2llh and 2r)th of Janniiry, and
explained to them tin; ntility of trnstees.

TIk! hon.sehold(!rs of each section appointed a secretary,
and trustees wv.vc eleetcMJ in a most harmonious manner
hy the Indians, according to rules ohserved in Canadian
white school se(!tions.

A chief, 'riiom-..* Isaacs, spola; with j;reat satisfaction of
what had heen aeeomplished.

The names ol' the trustees (;l(;et(d for the Kanvea^eli
school section were as follows : —

1. \\ illiam Wage, elected for three years.

2. Joseph Henry, elected for two years.

3. Moses Turkey, (!le(;ted for one year.

The foUowirig i\n\ trustees were elected for the Council-
house school section hy the householders resident within
that section : —

1. John Hill, elected for three years.

2. Josiah Miller, elected for two ycais.

3. Isaac Duncan, elected for one year.

The limits of the Council-hou^rC school section liad heen
arranged, with reserve roads for its houndaries, on a s,milar
plan w ith the limits of the Kanyeageh school section. jNIr.
lloherts ap[)roved of the ('onncil-house school section, and
had shown the proj)osed section to several intelligent
Indians, who also approved of it.

Common seals were bestowed in each case on the school
trustees.

Under some misapprehension, an address, d"ted January
5th, IS70, was transmitted by the Covernor and Treasurer
of the Com])any to the (jovernor-General of the Dominion
for the compulsory enforcement of Mr. Langevin's Act.

The answer of the Hon. J. Howe, Colonial Secretary of
State and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, dated
3rd of February IH70, was to the cHect that the provision

Ii.i .

\ ,:

■ i

i .i

112

GIIAND RIVER.

[1870.

of the Act for the election ot xndian chiefs was permissive,
and not imperative.

In the interval hetween the address and answer just men-
tioned, the General Court of the New England Company
on 25th of January 1870, resolved : —

"That the Special C/ommittce be recincsted to facilitate
" the proceedings under the 11th clause of Mr. Langevin's
" Act for the construction of roads, bridges, etc., so far as
" is in their power, with a view to the civilization of the
" Indians, abstaining entirely from all questions aftecting
"the political relations of the Indians, either amongst
" themselves or with the Canadian Government, and that
" the Treasurer be requested to communicate this resolution
"to the Governor-Gcner-d of Canada.^'

The Treasurer immediately communicated this resolution
to the Governor of the Dominion and to Mr. Howe. The
official answer of 15th of February 1870, was, that the
local superintendent at Brantford (J. T. Gilkison, Esq.)
had been desired to submit a project for the better main-
tenance of the roadt, bridges, etc., on In Uan Reserves, and
for the enforcement of statute labour, under the Act 32 &
33 Vict. 0. 6, s. 11 (Mr. Langevin's Act.)* Mr. Gilkison's
report was furnished to the Company in April 1870.

The following resolutions were passed at a meeting of the
Special Committee held on the 24th March 1870.

" That the treasurer be requested to apply to the council
" of chiefs, through Mr. Gilkison, the local superintendent,
" for a grant of land near the Council-house on the Tus-
" carora Reserve, for a school site. Such grant to be made
" to the Company, in trust for the schools, if practicable.

" That the governor and treasurer be requested to see
" Mr. Blitkistoji, or any other gentleman whom they may
"think competent to the duty, with the view of his going
" to Canada as the agent cf the Company, to inquire geue-

* For a copy ol' the impurtaut Acts of th • Colonial Lej,iilatiire, see Appendix
If. p. 25 i.

ftlie

J 870.]

DAY SCHOOLS.

113

iclix

"■ rally into the state and condition of the Cornnanv's several
" missions, and any other affairs in the colony in which the
" Company is interested ; the Governor and Treasurer to
" he empowered to treat with such agent as to his expenses
" and remuneration, suhject to the approval of this cora-
" mittee, and to report their proceedings.'^

" That the school superintended by Mrs. Beaver,* referred
" to by Canon Nelles in his letter of Hth February 1870,
*'be closed."

"That the committee cannot authorize the Rev. R. J.
" Roberts to take possession of the Parsonage House at
" Kanyeagch until he has obtained tiie patent for the site,
"and forwarded it to the Company in London, and that he
"is authorized to proceed to Ottawa, in order to expedite
" the issuing of the patent if necessary .''

" That the Treasurer be requested to write to the Lord
" Bishop of Huron, requesting that as the matters which
" were in controversy between the Company's missionaries
" have been arranged, the interchange of services between
" the Rev. A. Elliot and the Rev. R. J. Roberts, at Tusca-
" rora and Kanyeagch, may be discontinued."

The committee granted £50 a year for three years for the
support of George Hill,t and his education for the medical
profession, provided his conduct continued good. Annual
reports of his progress were to be mad.^ to the Company.

The Committee also granted a salary, through Canon
Nelles, to Isaiah Joseph, aTuscarora Lidian (who had been
educated at the Mohawk Institution), as teacher at the new
school-house near the Ojibway Settlement.

When Dr. Oronhyatekha visited Kanyeagch in INIarch
1870, to deliver lectures on phy dogy, a crowded tea-party
of the friends of temperance was held in the Kanyeagch
school-room, at which a vote of grateful thanks to the New

* School No. 6. For the Canon's letter, see p. 124i.

t Brother-in-law of Dr. Oronhyatekha. lie too intends to prepare himself
for the nieJical profession.

111.

GRAND RIVER.

[1870.

Ji. I'

England Company was nnanimously carried, for the interest
the Company had manifested in the welfare of the Indians
in senditifif to them Dr. Orcidiyatekha to teach them how
to live, by lectures on physiology. The proceeds of this
tea meeting were 830 ( GG), which were to be appropriated
towards building an ante-room to the Kanycageh School-
room.

Mr. Roberts writes, on tlie 8th April 1870, that the
school trustees arc very useful in assisting to look after
matters connected with the school. He mentions that in
cold weather a supply of firewood is always kept at each
school. At Kanycageh, an old man is employed to light a
fire in the school-house half an hour before the school com-
mences, so that the rooms may be warm and comfortable
when the children arrive. The members of the Good
Templar Lodge Temperance Society subscribed a small
sum towards remunerating the attendant, and Mr. Roberts
gave him in addition two dollars (8.s'. k/.), which he trusts
may be charged to the New England Company.

On the 29th of April 1870, the committee passed the
following resolutions : —

" '"hat this committee think it highly desirable that a
" thorough investigation of the New England Company's
" Missions in the neighl)Ourhood of the Grand River should
"be made by a commission specially appointed for that
" }mrpose, and that one at least of the commissioners
" should, as soon as possible, report personally to this
" committee."

" That accordingly the Treasurer be requested, through
" Sir James Carter, or otherwise, to place himself in corrc-
" spondence with IMr. A. E. Rotsford, of Ottawa, in order
"to ascertain whether he would be willing to visit the
"missions in the neighbourhood of the Grand River
" either alone or accompanied by a commissioner or com-
" missioners from England, for the purpose of conducting
" the investigation, and whether there is any prospect of his

if li

! '

1S70.J

COMMISSION.

11.1

lat a
my's
ould
that
loncrs
this

rough

" visiting England within a sliort pcricl of the conclusion
" of the investigation, so as to be alilc to report personally
" to this committee."

''That special instru(!tions he prepared for the informa-
" tioii and guidance of the commissioners.*'

" That the committee approve of the instructions con-
" tained in the letter of the Treasurer to Rev. A. Nelles,
" of 19th of ^Nlarch last, but recommend that Canon Nelles'
" attention be called to the fact that those instructions
" refer only to drawing for usual expenses of the Mohawk
" Institution, and the llev. A. Elliot's expenses at Tusca-
" rora, and that no other sums should be drawn on the
" Treasurer without previous sanction from I'^ngland."

The committee, on the 17th June 1870, granted j625
per annum, for two years, to Dr. Oronliyatekha's sister-in-
law, a daughter of John W. Hill,* to assist in her educa-
tion at the ladies' seminarvt coiniected with Albert Col-
lege, in Belville, with a view to her becoming (lualificd for
a school teacher in the Company's schools in Canada.

On the recommendation of the committee, and by order
of the Court, the seal was, on the IHth June 1870, afiixcd to
the commission, J appointing the Honourable Amos Edwin
Botsford the Company's commissioner.

The Court appointed a committee of the Governor, Trea-
surer, and four other members, to prepare and settle pri-
vate instructions to the Honourable A. E. Botsford, for his
guidance in acting under the commission issued to him,
and also private instructions to Mr. J. R. Blakiston, and
to forward such instructions to those gentlemen respectively
when prepared.

* Mentiouud iu tlu; priiitLil Kcporl of tlic ('ompaiiv, ISl'J to 1858, piiLrc 07,
!is oiiu of the most iiiiluential Mohawks at the Bay of Qiiiuti:.

t This srminary, known as Alexandra College, Belville, is iiiteiuled lo secure
to yiiuiiir ladies of all denominations the advantages of a thorungli and syst(niati(;
tiainint!,- in the n.'^efnl and oinaiiiental branches of edueatiun.

X Set A|)iundix VI., p. 80?.

1 ri

»]

I ' ;" '■'

IIG

ORAXD RIVER.

[1870.

These instructions were accordin^^ly prepared, settled,
and forwarded to Mr. Botsford on the Ifitli July 1870.

On the 25th July, the Court sanctioned the payment of
.£48 for the service of the church at Kanyeageh for three
months, hy the licv. James Hutchinson, temporarily nomi-
nated by the Bishop of Huron, at the request of the
Governor and Treasurer, for that jjurpose, but (lecliued to
provide any further funds for such temporary supply.

The Committee also granted £20 to the llev. 11. J.
Roberts towards the erection of the new school-house in
the Council-house section.

The committee, on the 2nd Aug^ust 1870, directed that
instructions should be sent to the Honourable A. E. Bots-
ford, unless he should think it objectionable so to do, to
give notice, on behalf of the Company, to the Mohawk
interpreter and catechist, and to the Tuscarora intcr[)reter
and catechist, terminating their engagements with the New
England Company at such periods as he might think reason-
able, so that it might be open for the Company, after that
period, to make such arrangements for the future as might
seem to them best.

The Committee also authorized the Rev. R. J. Roberts
to expend .€5 in drainage works near the Kanyeageh school.

On the 6tli September, the Committee resolved that the
missionaries be requested to send receipts for the sums ex-
pended, signed by the recipients, as vouchers for such ex-
penditure.

The Dean of Huron having requested payment in advance
of £'62o, the charge for the whole year for the five Indian
pupils at Hellmuth College, the Treasurer was instructed to
remit .€25 to clear the balance remaining due in July last,
and j€108. 0^. 8^/., being one term in advance for the com-
ing session for the five pupils.

The Committee on the 4th October 1870 directed that
Canon Nelles be informed that, pending the inquiries before
the Commissioner, no increase or alteration would be made

; \

} S70.]

COMMISSIONKK S HEl'OUT.

117

"11

in the number of pupils supported by the New England
Company at Ilellmuth College.

The Company having received reports and prospectuses
of the Hellmuth Colleges, at London, Ontario, and of
the Alexandra and Albert Colleges at Belleville, at each of
which institutions the Company is supporting ch.ildrcn, — the
committee resolved that inquiry should be made of the
Honourable A. E. Fotsford as to which of these colleiics,
in his opinion, Mas the best adapted for Indian children.
And that copies of letters from the Rev. 11. J. RolxTts
should be sent to the Honourable Mr. Botsford, his atten-
tion requested to the matters therein mentioned, and that
he should ])e authorized to order the drainage of the Par-
sonage House at Kanycageh, and any other moderate
expenditure he might consider necessary.

In November 1870, the committee granted £5 to the
Rev. R. J. Roberts to provide materials to enable Miss
Crombie to instruct the school girls in needlework, as Mr.
lloberts had suggested.

On the Gth December 1870, the report* of the Honour-
able Amos Edwin Botsford, the Company's Commissioner,
on thei»' missionary stations on the Grand River, and many
letters and other documents from various sources, were laid
))cfore the committee, and the Honourable A. E. Botsford
being present, was requested to communicate confidentially
to the committee and Company the further information
which he had received contidentiallv in Canada, as the
Company's Commissioner, on matters which, had led to dif-
ferences between the Company's missionaries and others.

The Hononral)le A. E. Botsford then stated his course of
proceeding in receiving information on the matters referred
to, and the conclusions to which he had come, and read to
the committee the notes he had taken of the statements
made to him by various parties.

After protracted conversation, the committee resolved: —

* Sei; A])j)L'iuli\ VII., p. :313.

>:e^

rr"^

lil; >

1 1

JM-. *

(

;■ , ;

118

OllAN'I) RIVER.

[1870.

I. That the New England Company's Grand River mis-
sions shall in future eonsist of three separate and inde-
pendent stations ; that is to say, —

1st. The Mohawk Station, comprising the IMohawk
church, the Mohawk Institution, and the Manual
Labour School, under the Rev. Canon Nellcs.

2nd. The Tuscarora Station, including the Tuscarora
church and district, under the Rev. Adam Elliot,
and comprising Mrs. Powlcss's, Isaiah Joscjdi's^
Mrs. Beaver's, and Daniel Simons' schools.

3rd. The Kanyeageh Station, including Kanycageh
church and district, and comprising the two school
sections of the Council-house school, and the Kan-
yeageh school, and the schools now under the care
of Miss Ilyndman and Alexander Smith.

II. That it is the opinion of this committee that it is
desirable that each of the Company's three missionaries
at the Grand River should confine his labours to the station
allotted to him by the last resolution.

III. Having heard and considered the report and oral
statement of the Honourable A. E. Rotsford, it was re-
solved, that it does not appear to the committee that there
are any circumstances calling upon them to take action
with regard to the questions in difference which have arisen
between the Rev. Robert James Roberts and other persons.

IV. It having been intimated by letters to the Treasurer
that it is desired by the Rev. James Chance, on account
of greater facility for the education of his children, to re-
move from Garden River, further south, and that the Rev.
Robert J. Roberts, on account of the health of his family,
is desirous of effecting an exchange with the Rev. James
Chance ; and the committee being of opinion that such
exchange would conduce to the usefulness of the missions,
are willing to sanction it, and to pay the expenses of the
exchange.

V. That the above resolutions be communicated to the

1870.

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IN THE COUNTIES OF

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CANADA. Village?^

A'/irnnit/ '/if xi/iitl//ii'i o/ n r/i/ /m/in/i f\rMi/('/iri'
ivit/iiii t/ir /iiwrn r,<i/' /ii.siiii(ii<i (hull/) /'ursimaiyi' imc/
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.((vtll

187U.]

HURON (OI.LiaiK.

11{)

several parties eoucerncd in them, by tlic! clerk ; and
that in writing to them, he do state that the; CoMi[)any
desire that the arran;^enjents above determined upon may
be carried into ellect by the 1st day of .May next, if possible.

On the 13th Deeendjcr 1870, the Honourable A. E. Hots-
ford Mas retjuested by the committee to obtain and furnish
the Cojnpany with information as to the practice of appoint-
ing missionaries to their ditlerent stations, either by the
bishop of the diocese, or the synod. Also as to the power of
the New K.igland Company to appoint missionaries, or to
recommend them for a[)pointment to the bishop. And also
how far the rules of the synod in force amongst the white
people apply to the case of Indian missionaries.

On the same day the Court confirmed the resolutions
passed by the committee on the 2nd August, the (>th Scf)-
tember, the 4tli October, the 1st November, and the Oth
and 13th December 1870.

^ Court vecommended the Special Committee to grant
the sum of .£uO towards the repair ana restoration of the
old jNIohawk church, and rendering it (it for the attendance
of the pupils at the jNIohawk Institution, and the other
Indians of the Reserve. The Court also referred the
report of the Honourable A. E. Botsford to the Special
Committee, with instruclions to arrange the details neces-
sary to carry into eflbet the resolutions passed by the
committee on the Gth instant, and to deal with the other
parts of the report as they might sec fit.

The Court also recommended to the Special Committee
that directions should be given by them to the missionaries,
that in future, they obtain the sanction of the Treasurer
before drawing bills upon him, and that with a view to this
practice they should always send the Treasurer statements
of their accounts with the Company at least two months
before the date at which they might desire to draw upon
him.
Two of the members of the Company brought before

: II

II '

111 i!

I >■

. 1 _

120

ORAM) IIIVKR.

[1870.

the Court tlio draft of a report upon the past history and
progress of tl)C Company, Uesohitions were passed tliank-
ing them for the great trouble tliey had taken in the pre-
paration of the report, and requesting them to complete
it with a view to its being printed and circulated among
the members of the Conipany, under the directions of the
Special Committee.

On the subject of the Indian students at Huron Col-
lege, it was stated that one of them, John Jacobs, edu-
cated at the expense of the Com})any for a missionary
amongst the Six Nation Indians, received from the Bishoi)
of Huron preferment elsewhere, and without any intima-
tion to the Company. The Court, on learning these facts,
ordered the clerk to write to the Lord Bishop of Huron,
intimating to his lordship that, in future, the Company,
desired to have a voice in the appointment, or recommenda-
tion for appointmert, of the students educated at their
exi)cnse.

The Court also directed the clerk to communicate to
his lordship the resolutions relating to the Company's
missionarv stations and schools on the Grand Uiver,
})assed by the Special Committee on the Gth, and con-
firmed by the Court on the 13th of Deceml)er 1870.

The clerk therefore forwarded a copy of the resolutions,
and wrote to his lordshi "> follows: —

*' At a meeting of ecial Committee of the New

England Compan' .j lltb May '8()7, ^S50 a year,

for three years, v ^.'anted to John Jacobs to complete,
his education for tlie Christian niinistrv in Huron Col-
lege. Siibscciuently, on the 3()th January 18G8, your
lordshi|) kindly attended a mcjcting of the Special Com-
mittee of the New England Company, and the following
resolution was i)asscd ; — ' Upon the recommendation of the
' Lord Bishop of Huron, it was resolved: That the sum of
* £50 per annum, for three years be placed a' the disposal
'of the Bishop of Huron for the maintenance of one or
'more Indian studeiits at Huron College, the grant to

1H70.]

HURON COLLKOK.

121

'conimciicc from the Ist July 1808.' On the 31st
Ucccmbcr 18(5'.), the Rev. Canon Nelles wrote to mention
tlmt, on the Ist October 18()!), a chaiif^c of teachers had
taken place in the Delaware school, Tuscarora Reserve,
and that Albert Anthony, a Delaware Indian, and the
teacher, under the New England ('onipany, anioiif; the
Delawares, had received from the Bishop of Huron the
pcholarship granted by the New England (Jotnpany for
tlu! benefit of an Indian student in that college, and that
A. Anthony had entered Huron College with a view to
ordination. Under the resolution of the conmiittcc of the
New England Coui{)any, already quoted, the three years
of the Indian scholarship at Huron College will terminate
ill July 1871, and the Company will be obliged if your
lordship will have the goodness to request one of the
authorities of the college to write to the Company as to
the proficiency of Albert Anthony, in the subjects of
stiuly to which he has devoted himself, and how long a
time will be requisite, after the 1st July 1871, for A.
Anthony to complete the usual course of instruction in
the college. When the proper period arrives for A.
Anthony to be ordained, and to commence a more
extended career of usefulness, th' New England Conqjany
will deem it a favour if you will communicate to thorn the
opportunity, which may possibly be open to the New
England Company, of providing, for a deserving Indian
of the Six Nations, some suitable clerical occupation,
sul)ject to your lordship's sanction."

Supplemental Extracts from Cokresp'^ndence.

During the years 18G9 and 1870, many letters of great
interest and very voluminous, passed between the Com-
j)any and their INlissionarics and others on the subject of
their Grand River Missions. Some extracts which might
have encumbered the previous narrative, are subjoined.

See p. 122-118.

\2'Z

liuxnii itiviK.

]Hi;u.

If !

^/ i

;i.i

i! !.

'I'lio follovviiif^ udditioiiJil oxtructs IVoiii IcUurs ol' tliu
]{.(iv. Ciiuou NcIIl's, arc docuK.d l(j bo ol' geuoral uud per-
uiuiiout int(,'rcHt: —

V2ih Mii>j, ISOI). — "TIk; ("liririliiui liidianK liuve ahvayH been
niiiiarkablc for llx.-ir ^^ood altciulaiK.'o upon IIh; ordijiaiiccH ot"
relij^ioii, and t,ti'" ('ciitral position of" tli'; chuicli rcndorH it iiiore
easily acccHHible to the con^.n-c^ation, and the attiactivcTicsrt of
ih(; new cliurch itwelf has allbided them riiuch encouragement."

" J concur in .Mr. Jjister's opijiion as to admitting childn;n
to the J nstitiitioii, and liave acted in accordance with it when
pra(;ti(;abhi, but 1 liave often deeined it expedient to act
otherwise, as in the case of tlie children of Vw^aw. parents ;
and in localities where there is no school, J admit from timcj
to time at the Institution children without previous instructitjn.
Jt always afl'ords mo the greatest j>leasure to follow tli(; advice
and directions of the New England Company."

"The road ahjiig the baid< of the Jtiver, and a few oi' them,
leading roads througii the Reserve, ar.^ v<;ry good g( iierally,
l.'ut many of them are in a bad state, being oiily partially cut
open. 'I'he Indians have passed some regulations aiixjiig them-
selves for doing statute labour, and doiil)tless the roads will
gradually improve."

5//t Jane, 1800. — Mr. and Mrs. IJouslaugh beg you will
thank the New England Company for their kind liberality
in increasing their income. 1 can assure thenj it is well
deserved.

" Jt is scarcely c(jrrect ' that must of the cliildi-en when they
enter the Mohawk histitution are quite ignorant,' but it is
true that many of them on their entrance are even unacquainted
witii Engli.nh. One of the j)rincipal objects of the Institution
is to teach them English, which is not their mother tongue
Vet 1 must say that not a few children have been admitted

!:'

i8«;j.j

Kl;V. CANt)N NKM.K.S.

I2:j

tlioy

it is

liiitod

luticju

litled

here i'uv itiHlnictifjii, able to «j)(;;ik I'viij^lisli as well as many

luiglisli cliildroii tiioiiiHclvca. My ruh; us to adiiiissioii at tho

lii.stitutioii, a,s Mr. Elli(jt and Mr. J{ob(;rtH well know, Una

ahvavH bf(!n that the <;liildr(;n ninwl have Horne previous iii-

Htruetion bcfon; their entrance, Jiut my study has evir beiMi

th(; benefit of the Indians in general; and tor reasons with

which it would be UHtdess to trouble tlie C(;mj)any, 1 iiave

often deemed it ex|)udient to deviate from my rule, and admit

i^^norant and even heatln-n chihlren, anil have n(;ver r(:<j,v{'\Ai-d

doinj^ so. When a t(;;ielH;r is ac(juainted with the diilorunt

dialects of the Six \ations, it is a f^r(;at advantage to bjtii

teacher and scholars, as the former can explain to the hiilcr

th(,' meaninj^ of what they are learning, and at present we have

lour Indian teachers. I (pjite aj^'ree with Mr. Jjister, that th(.'

s(!ho(ds <jn the K(.'scrve oti;^ht to be improved as much as

n(,'cessary and jM'acticabh-."

**#*♦*♦

'>iO(/i June, IHG'J. — " In an.-jwcr to your favfnir of June .">,
1 have t(j inform you that, in adilition t(j tlwj Jcjhnsons, 1 have
Hol(;cted tVom the childi'cn (jf the Mohawk Jnstitutiijn, Susannah
Carpenter and Xellcs Monture to be sent to the liellmuth
Colleges. Th(; former has b(,'en in the Institution ibr three or
four years, and is ii i'air ICngli.'-h scholar, .'uid well accjnainted
with the Mohawk language; h(;r age is Iburteen years, she is
the daughter of Jcjseph Caipc nter, who has been interpreter
ill the church for many years, and is a man of exc(;llenL cha-
racter. Monture is a Delaware, a b(jy of good ability and
character, fifteen years of age. Should the; New Mngland
(,'om])any decide U])on sending a third girl, I would recom-
mend one of two sisters, Jemima and Elizabeth Maracle;
they are two of five sisters who were hd't orphans a WiW years
ago by both their parentn falling through the ice and being
drowned. Three (d' the children are at the Institution, either
of the eldest would be much benefited by going to the llell-
iiiuth College.

" In choosing children for a higlu^r education, I would \'\\nt
to be informed whether I am to (•(inline my selection to the
children of Indian parents, or include th(? children of white
men who are married to Indian women, and whether it shall
he a necessary (puditication that the child should sp(;al'; the

r^r

I I

i i

I :i

1, I

!! .

124

OKANI) RIVKK.

\m'j.

Indian \ii\\^\m<^i',. Dr. 1)(h; Iuih applied i.o liavo liin dau^^littjr
Hciil to llic Ht.'llttiiitJi ('(dlci^r; by tli(i Now Englmid (J<Mn])!iiiy.
Il(! i.s a wliite man appointed by tlio (irjvornmont to attend to
tin; IndianH, and married to an Indian woman. I enclo.se biH
note in an.swer to my in(juiri(;H reHp(!(;ting b(.'r a;^e and aftain-
inents,

"I be^ to acfpiaint ynu, for the information of the Company,
tbat tb(! Indians have; b(!ld Hcveral councilH to eonnider tbe ofl'er
of tlie (iovernirnMil, tu piti'cliase their HcHervf! here, and bavt;
thirt wecd{ d(feid(;d n<jt to accept it. Wb(;ther it will be, further
urj^(.'d npon them, I (!annot tcdi. Tin; renMou I j^ave in my hiHt

jctt(;r a;i;ain.st proceeding with tin; (!r(M:tion <n the parHori tjo
thJH y(!ar, may now not be valid ; and ii' the ('onipany <]e ide
to have it done, there will be time; to liavu itfiniHhed before the
wiiiter."

.•Jls7 Dcrrmhrr, IHHO. -The Rev. Canon Xclles wn^te,
n:i\-rnn<^ to Albert Anth(jny, tiiC fbrtncr teaehcr at the
Didawan; S(;h(j(»lj No. 5 : —

" ilin place in the Hclniid irt nuppli(;d by Daniel SimcjiiH, a
young Delaware, who was educated at the Mohawk Iiintitu-

would point out an

tion

line KneaUin:' o

\i\

tl,

I.S HCMOol

error in the last report of the New I'^n^^land Conijjany rt!.i]j<H;t-
ing it. The r(!port Htatea that the Indiann ap|)ropriate flv(!
luindred dollarw a year for it,H nijj)port. J bej^ to ijil'orm you
that the Indians liave nev(.'r j^iven anything towards ihi.s hcIiooI,
which irt MUpported (iiilirely, and aiwayn haw been, by the r'iew
England Company."

5/// F<:hru(i)y, 1870.- "The expenH(.-,s of thi.s half year are
more than correHponding half yearn, on account of the additi<ni
of bedsteads and bedding fcjr the inHtilulion, and also preparing
the three Indian children for the Ilellmuth Colleges, which
was* done with as much regard to economy an possible, Mrs.
Ncdles having pcMsonally attended U) getting the girls ready.
I am glad to be able to inlonn yon that the two gii'ls (who
made my house their home chielly <lui'ing theii- Clu'istmas va-
cati<jn) have made very cn;dilable improvement during the
short time they have been there. AmAher item of cAtra ex-
peuKC is the asaiatance given towards building a Hchool- house
jiear the Ojibway .Settl(;m(;nt, which amounted Ui much more
than I expected; but the building is one of the best sclio(d-

"^^M'l

IHOli.

c.ir an;
i(l(liti(jM
|u|>urinjj;

wliicli
ic, Mrrt.

ready.
lis (wlio
liiiiiis va-
il 1 1 J,' the
lira cx-

llOUHC
ll IllOt'O

1H70

Ki;v. (ANON nj;i,ij;h.

19.'

J v>

liouHCH (Hi IIh,' rc.-i(,i'V(,'

Not h

(1 f

laviii'^ ln-ard li'oin yoii, in jitiHwcr

to my a[)|)lical idii to appoint a tcar;licc at tliiM pla<;(,', I aHHum(;(l
tlic rcspoiisiljility of drjin^ ho, ami tin; Ht;hool wan opened at
tlici bc;^innini,' ol" tlio year under the (;hart^<; oi l.-^aiah Jo.scph,
a TuHcai'ora Indian, whf) waH (;ducat(,'d at the Moliawk liihtilu-
tion, and In (jiiit(; eonipctrnt for the HiLii!it!(Mi. J will Ix; j^Jud
to hear if th(; (/ompany will inal<e the iiHiial (^rant tor IiIk i^alary,
;l" not I will hi' ohli;(cd to chjsc; the M;hool at the end of the
preH(;nt fjnartcr. With nderenec! to Mrs. I{(;av(;r'« school, I
he^,' to inlortii you that the attemlanee haH been hettf.-r lately,
and a.s it in Hurrounded chiefly hy l*a;4an Indiana, thoii^^h not
aeeortijdiHliinf; much at prewent, I would rec(jnun(!nd that it ho
Kept open at lea.>t lor .-oine tinu^ lon^M.-r. Her hurthand han
fitted uj) a room very coinf'ortaljly for the kcIiooI, in which Mr.

I'illi(;t intenda ofl'ei'in;^ to have divine .service (jccawionally."

*******

Ufh April, 1870. — " With reapect to the new Hchotd near the
Ojibway IndiauH, I hej^ to awsun; you that J have ulwayn care-
fully avoided interfcrinf^ with the operatiouH of (ither di.ncjmi-
natioriH of ChriHliann, and in liiin iuHtanco Mr. Klliot and
myHelf, at the re(pu;Ht (jf th(; IndiaiiH in the neif^hhourhood
visited the H(!ltlem(;nt an<l met a large number of the Indiana,
both Ojibway and otherw, who were unanijnouH in wishing for
a wchofji. Oik; of the; principal members of the Ojibway tribe
and a leading Metlioflist offered a site for the Hclio(d-houKe, on
condition that the chil<in;n of IMetlnjdist.i nhould be allow (;d
to attend the hcIiooI, aw it wan U>(> lai* for them to go to their
own school. J need hardly inform you that the Company'w
HchooJH on the reserve liave alwayn be(;n oj)en to any childr(;n
that could attend tbein, whites and negroes, as well an Indian
children of any denomination and jjagans. 'I'he bcIiooI la nitu-
at(.'d about halfway betwe(;n the Delaware and Ojibway HclKKdn,
and about two nnles fnjm each, and J do not think it interferes
iji the leaat with either."

" The Indians living Jiear Tlnjmas's hcIiooI-Iiouhc have f're-
(putntly attked me to supply a teacher again, but I have declined
to interfere. They have for the present opened the school, and
have recjuested me to a.-^k the Company if they will pay the
teacher, otberwiao th(;y will iiavo to close it again and do with-
out a school, UH they arc unable to pay ateaclier.

"t|"

fW^^

l.'iO

c;i(AM» 1(1 VI u.

tlS7<t.

" I liMvc not.liin'j in |)iii'f.iciiliir l.o .'•(■|)()rl in midiliDM to wliai
I have ;ilr(,'ii(ly siiitl r('S|M'cl,iii^ l.lic .Mi)li;iv\l( I MHlil nt ion. TIkj
iiiiiiilicr of cliiltlfcM MjiMfl ifincd by tin' < 'onipuny, niiiiicly, ninety,
IH coinplclc, iind tlicii" ini|)r<)V('in('nt HiitiHiaclnry. 'I Ik; li(;!iltli
(if the rhildnii i^'cnfrally liaw l)c(!n {j;()()d, ImiI, a cane nl nicaslcH
lias insl- apjx'at'cd, and I Tear it will Hprcad tlif(iii/j;li \\n'. >r.\\i)tA.

"I will I'radily <!()-o))('t'i'.tc, as I liavc alwayH done, w illi tin-
HM|)('riiit('nd<'nl oC tlic I ndians, in carry ni;^ (Hit any plans v\ Inc'i
may ho conHidctrcd dcHiralih; lor tlicir inipr-ovcMMcnt. During
tlio lant i\'W years nindi lias hccn di»nc lowards improving tlio
roadn on I lie rcwiTvc. 'I'Ikj Indians have '.^ranlcd (•()iisidcral)l(!
HnniH (d" money lor l)iiildin;j; hridj^es and opening new roads.
Alost (d' tlie l( adin;^' roads itw the reserv(r are (piite as ^ood as
tli(i e()niinon roads ol' tlu; country ; tiie ci'oss roads leadinj^
Crom OIK! coiiccHsion 1o another generally ai'e had, hut they are
impr'ovin;^ every year. Tlie Indians have made an arranj^c;-
ment amonf^ themselves that every man f-hall work thre(! days
on the I'oads, and in many cas((s they do much nioro.

'• 'J'lier(! are applications I'rom seviMi or (d^^ht yonnj^ [)ersons,

both hoys and ^irls, lo Ik; sent to Hii|)(!rior schools."

*******

\ritli J III I/, IH70. "I be;^ to inform yon that tli(!ro havi!
Ijceii no K(jrvi(!es in the (dd Mohawk chtindi for som(! time ; it
is at prtv-icnt nnd(i';j;()in^' repairs, and when linished will he
tised on Sundays for IIm; (ddldren at the; institution, in my
abs(Mic<! on Sundays, Mr. (iriillth, the tea(dier, niads service;
for I he childr(!n and lectures tluun ; he is (piite com|)(d,ent,
biiviii}^ been a Scripture reader Ixd'ore In; came to this country.

" In I'cd'ei'ence to the; Manual Ijah(jur l''arm, near th(! Mo-
liawk Institution, I Ix;^ to ae(piaint you that it is mana<j;e(l by
Mr. Moiislau^h, who teiaches the; lar^'<( boys general farmiufr,
(lie hoys in liirns assistinj^ him in tin; work. Occasionally,
and |)articuhirly in liiirvost time, otiujr labourers liavo to bo
(Muployed. The farm is now t(dei"il)ly widl Hto(du!d, atul pro-
duces II considd'abh; part (d" th(! provisions used in the estu-
blishmcnt. Some of tlu; youn<^ men who have; hd't the institu-
tion were excellent ploii<,dimeii and had a lair knowled<,M; (d'
^cnoral fanning, wliicb f consider of great importance to them
when they return to the reserve."

IH7<I.

HIV. (JANON Ni:i,i,i;s.

127

Tl.

" Tlic lni-ilii)|> vi.sil,(;(l tlic liuliaii miHuioiin lien; lust week, iiinl
(MUiliriiKfd one liiiiidrci] uiid IvMiil.y iicihuiih."

# * **<(■* *

" I viiiitt'd all I Ik; hcIiooIs diii'iii^' I lie *|ii:irli-i', mid ruiiiid IIk;
j'dllow iii;i^' iiiiiiibcr of (tliildrcii on tin; lislH, iiaincly ;

S(tli()()l, N(». (I, cliildi'di on lint . . . ;{(!.

„ 7, , 2.S.

„ 0. „ .... 45.

And tlio !ivorag(; ulLendancc about a.i iiHual."

(•rvic;(5

icIlMlt,

unify.
Mo-
k<'d l)y

•miller,
[)nally,

to 1)0

d |)r<>.

CHtU-

IIH

titu-

V\il,n ol
tlicni

1 1'

12S

(ill AM) HIVi:i{.

[1801).

lioL

I()|I>)\V!| "

I xt-'icf.s from letters of tlio H,(;v. A(l:ini

'I Durrnaiicrit interest.

') l)(; oi , « ii(./''

M.iij l')//i, I S(')l). — "On p.iyiiif^ Mk; ihoiicy Uj "^h-rt. .IuIiiihoii,
ilio jnotlicr of Helen (/. Iv Joliiison, wliieli was kindly grunted
by tiie New I']ii<^f|!in<l Coiiijuniy to |)ir|);i,i'(' her lor tlic llell-
iiiutli Jiiulics' School, to In; opeiu'd next autniini, hIk; reqiUinted
mo to oxpr'CHH to the New JOii;,djind Coinpiiny her deep Kenso
of their e,veeediii;,dy kind eonHider;il ion of the circiiiiiMtiinees ol'
lirr eliildn;n iiiid thcii' henelicence to them. 1 hej^ h(,Te\vitli
to enclose a note from li(;r to me expres.sive of lu.-i' <,'ra.tiin(le,
and also to assure you that her husband, (Miief (ieor;.;e II. INI.
•Johnson, is not l(!ss grateful, and that Ik; will Ik; hi/^lily |)leas(.'d
when I (ell him that I have written to you on IIk; Huhject.
^'on^ thouj^htful care for the impiovcmcnt and welfare of their
(duldren is duly appreciated by them."

i
1

> 1

" I f^encrally (Miiploy Indian youths to work for me, which
iiccustomH them to industry, and also affords Mrs. i'^lliot and
myself oppoitunilies (d" instru<;tin^ them. We feel, indc'cd, a
pleasure in treating them rather as H(jns than Horvantb for their

)en(

lit.

21'/A Juuf, ISOO. — " J}e pleased to present my thanks to
the New I'lngland Company for tlieir kind and timely grant of
fifty dollars towards re[)airiiig the fences on the [)arsonagc lot.
In accordance with your desin;, I hav(; called at the Indian
Ollice, lirant.fonl, and s|)oken to Mr. Cjiilki.son about the in-
tended lieport (d'tlu; state of our Indian I{i;serve. He has no
wish to defer the matter, but as the settlement la extensive
and the roads l)a(l, lie is unable to say j)reciyely when the lie-
port will be prei)ared. ile says that he has much business to
attc'nd to, but that he will make the Rijport as soon as be may
be able to do so. J am not surprised that the Kev. Mr. Nelies
should express bis opinion that ' it may be some years before
the J{eport is made.' J do not think that it is to expected
this year.

)art of the Mission, which

'J'l

lerc are

three

scliool.s in

my p

\H(V.).

('i'(;si.

IIIHOII,

•iiiiU'd
lloll-

Kt'llrtO

iccrt of
icwith
tiliidc,
II. iM.

)lcilS(.Ml

liich

iol, aiH
(Iced, ii
)!■ tlic;ir

LllliH to

'rant of

[I'V, lot.

Indian
Ithe in-
lias no
Itensivo
tlic Ro-
to

1U;9H

|hc may

Nellea
before
ted

)ec

^•liicli

IKC!)

i{i:v

KI.IJOT,

1 2<)

lire iiiidcr tiiv f^iilicriiifciidciicf. ()ih' of tliciii, <o wliicli ynii
alliidr, No. I, i.s .situated (jii tlie Hoiit lici'li l);ink of the (iraiid
Uivcr, nearly (>|)|ioHil(! thin I'ai'Hona^^e, art yon will lind by look-

1M<!

at the luaj) of t li(t Indian Keser

V(;

K! site of the m(

;hool

i.s on Kiver Lot, No. lO, with the name; of William Johnson
upon it,. You v\ill m-v al.so tliat this hnildin*^ in called the
' iM(;etin^ llonHc,' beeanne tin; Hapti.sts formerly inet in it for
divine worship. They have Idndly lent it to me to be used art
a school-house. It is built of lo;^'s of wood, and has a lar^(!
stove in it to secure su(Ii(!ient war'ndJi in winter. Eli/abetli
I'owless, a .Mohawk Indian woman, is the teacher. The nundter
of children on the list is forty-ei^dit, and al)out thirty usually
attend, and at my last visit twcsnty-two W(,'re present.

"Another nf my schools, No. 5, is situated on No. ;{ on the
4th Concession of the township ol' Tuscrn'ora. In looking at
the map you will see th;it the name of John Dcilaware is upon
th(! Lot. TIk! buihlinj:; in w Inch Uk; school is kept at present
belon^'s to tin.' McthodisLs, and is used by them on Sundays
art a place (jf worship."

****** ¥f

]"'nrtli(T (!Xtra(;t.s Iroin tliis letter .arc; }(ivcii at ))[). lOO-IOH.
Mr. I'jiliot eoTHjlndcs as follows: —

" It has been for some time past thought most advanlaj;e()us

to employ Indian tea(;liers, on account (d" their abilil,y to ex-
plain to the Indian children their l']n;^lisli Icsssons in tlicic own
lan;^Mia<i;e. As to the salary ol" t Ik; teachers, it is paid by .Mi'.
Nellcs, forty dollars (juarterly to each of tin; two females, and
lilly dollars to Albert Anthony. I trust that I nniy be per-
mitted to e.\|)ress my opinion that tlx; income of the t(;a(diers
is too little. I hav(! no doubt thiit the llev. Mr. Nidles con-
curs with me in this opinion. I need s<;arc(dy inontion that
all necessary things such as statitjiiery are provided, when
re(juired, by Mr. iNelles.

ider that the instrm tion received at thes(! schools

cons

•y

nii(tren is v(Ty valualjie, and priipares many ot lliem

in some manner for admission at the .Mohawk Institution, to
which w(; iiHist chielly look for their advancement in know-
ledf^i! and civilization, as t,lier(; they ai'c aj)art I'rom their over-
iMdul<.^ent relatives, and under the ^niidance of their teachers,
who are anxious for the proiiiotiijn of their welfare.

'I ■ '

•iMi,r

II.

.1 M

'■)',,

■ ;

i
1

13(1

(iKAM) in\i;i{.

[IHO'J.

"I was Ii;i,p]iy to lic.'ir liilclv fVoiii .Mi'. .Vcllcs Unit certiiin
improvi'iiientrt at lliis Institution arc in contomplation, wliicli
I Iiavo always coiisidorcd of i'ar <j;rcatcp iinportancH! than tlio
wliolo of" the otluT schools on the Indian Reserve.

"Mr. Neih.'s and 1 have ol'len consulted to^i.'ther about the
expodi(!iU'y of employiivj; an educated Indian as oik; of the
teachers of the Mohawk school, who woiihl he able to explain
fully to the children in their own laiii,nia,L!;e what they are
taiiL,dit in l"]nj,dish. Such an appointiiient would, in my o|)inioii,
bo V(M'y (incouraf^ini^ and beneficial to the Indian children."

The Rev. A. Elliot wrote, with r(;l'ereru;o to the i)ro-
posed grant of .€()() in aid of the scliools in his part of tlic
Jlcscrvc

2\f// JVovniihrr, \H{V.). — " As the children in atfendance at
the schools in this settlenKMit have mostly liut little knowledi^o
of Eiif^lish, and arc generally only bi'ginner.-., J would not re-
commend any part of the grant bring expended in the purchase
of books and maps, which, however necessary tlu^y may be fbra
school like that at the .Mohawk village, where the children arc;
fui'ther advanced in learning, would be of little use here at pre-
sent. On a[)plication to Mr. JVelles 1 always readily receive
such books and other things as are required for the schools, and
I have never observed any indisposition or unwillingness in him
to provide such books as are useful and amusing to the children.
I [iropose i6 a[)ply to him for a few ma})s and ])ictures to
hang on tlu^ walls of the schoolrooms, which may bo in-
structive to the children. jNlrs. I'illiot has a Sunday school
pretty well attended by Jndian children, whom she sup[)lie3
with a variety of little interesting books, and I intend to get
a few amusing books to be placed in the care of our teachers
in the week-day schools, which may be lent to such of the
Indian children as are able to understand them. Our present
teachers are Indians, and this I consider a great advantage,
as they are far more able to instruct the Indian children
than persons who are unacrpiainted with the Six Nations
dialects, which are six in >.\umber, besides that of the Dela-
wares."

"It may be interesting to you to know that Mr. Su[)erin-

|.iiri

1S70.J

IlKV. A. I;LLM)T.

l.'il

Iciidciii Ciilkisdii.iu'coinpaiiicd l)yl)is interpreter ('liicr.I()lins(»ii
coiiuiieiiecd lii.s survey mid inH|)eeli()ii of tlie Six Nut ions liidi;iii
UeM(;rvo aoiiie nioiilliM a^^o, but has not as yet niade- iiiucli pro-
groas, on account of the uuiltiplieity of tho vari(ju8 avocJitiouH
(jf hi.s ofI'i(;e, Jlis report, I fear, is not speedily to bu expected.
" I may mention, in conclusion, that for the convenience ol'
tiie Indians residin<^ on the south side of the firand Kiver,
\v(.' liiive used iMrs. l*o\vl(!ss' sehool-liousc! for divine service
during the summer months on Sunday mornings, which has
incrjused the imndjer of worshippij-s, and we have also had
evening service in private dwellings on diircrcnt |)arlsol'the
Ifoserve. On the first Sunday of cucli month, when tin; Holy
Communion is celebrated, the services were held in tlie church
ou the north side of the river."

"P.S. — With respect to Mrs. Beaver's school, as it is so ill
attended, 1 would recomuieiid its being chjsed at the end of
next month."

21/A March, 1870. — " Vour telegram accjuainting me with the
grant of COO by tho New England Company for the improve-
ment of the schools here was duly received, for which I beg to
olfer my thanld'ul acknowledgments. 1 ha\e H[)oken to Mr.
Nelles about it, and it is our intention, as soon as we can, to
spend th\' money in accordance with your wishes, in the most
useful and economical manner to the best of our ability.'

to get
iaclicrs
of the
)resent
mtagc,
hildreu
Kations
1; Dela-

hpcnn-

K :l

I.'W

(iRANi) KIVI::U.

[18G'J.

I i

igrll I

Tli(! foUowiii}^ additional extracts Iroiii tlu; Rev. It. J.
RoluM'ts' letters, are deeined ol pernuuient and f^enerul
interest.

2)1(1 June, |S(;9. — " KncloHod, F forward td y(Mi a copy of a
letter wliicli 1 received from the .Secretary of tlie Indian Aj^ri-
cnltural Society. I have just written to him again, to inform
1dm of your desire ' tiiat th(! Ojibcnvay Indians of tlie New
Credit slionid be allowed to compete for the prizes granted by
the New Englainl Company.' Tlu; New Hngland Credit is in
this Reserve, and is situated in the soutii corner of the Tow ii-
tihip of Tiiscarora, and a j)oi'tioii ol' tlie to\\n.shi[) of Oneida,
which is adjoining."

*******

" 'J'he girls of the Kanyeageh scIkjoI I're employed every
Wednesday in making clothes for the children of some of the
poor people in the neighbourhood. The clothing is ordered by
the parents, and when made*, we give (or rather .sy;//) it at about
0)ic f/iurr/cr less than the original cost of the material. 'J'liis is
considered a great boon by the people, and ihey are uKjreover
much pl(!ased at having their girls instructed ui that kind of
work. We keej) an account of each dress made, and the
amount for which it is sold."

(U/i Jul//, IS(')!). — "The girls in Kanyeageri school arc learn-
ing U) sew very nice ly. A Imost every Wednesday their mothers
come to th(! school to assist in the clothes-nuiking, or to look
on at the work."

7/// Jitf//, 1S(;0.— " 1 was informed yesterday by J. T. Gil-
kison, Ks(j., the Visiting Su])erinten(l(,'nt of the Indian.^ here,
that there is not the 'slightest chance' of their acceding to
the Government proposal, and of going to the Saskatchewan.
Almost all are o[)posed to n'()ving. Oni; or tivo chiefs were in
favour of going to Kansas, Miiniesota, or some other ])art of
the United States, if the Dominion Government would hand
them over at once all the money belongnig to the Six Nation
Indians. And /his the Goocrnmcnt icill not do.

Gil-
liore,

Jlfr to

lewaii.

n'o in

liU't of

hand

[iilioii

\m\K]

Ki.v. i(. .1. u()iti;iiis.

133

" I wjiH aware of this my«t'ir, Iml I llioii<,'lit it ri;,'lil to con-
sult w itii Mr. (lilkison, hi'lbrc sending y'Ji^ aiiollior coniinu-
nical ion relative to tlio KanveaL'eli Parsonage.

" 1 iiHjuired of liini fur mt, if, -in case tlie Indians should
at any future tinu; surrench'r this |{(?sorvo — th(! New lOu^'land
Coin|)any would have any dilliculty in recovorinj; the amount
expended by tiiem on the I'arsonaf^e, and Mr. (iilkison ;^avo
nie to understand that thira would nut he (tin/ di/ficiillij. Ho
said that we ()uj];ht to po on at once irilli the huildinf/.'"

'I'liid .lull/, IS()i). — " \V(; do not now hear an^lhin;,' more of
the proposal which the (lovernment lately mud(! to the; Indians.
Ahuost ill) the people here are decidedly opposed to the oli'er,
and will not go to the Sa>katchewan. i\ Jaw of the chiefa
were williiiif to surrender this Keserve, or part of it, if the
(iovernment would [)ay the million aiula half dollars, cash tfoirn,
for it, and also all other moneys which belong to the Indians.
Thos(! few chiefs would th(Mi go, some to Kansas, some to Min-
nesota, and some back to their old settlements in New York
State, with the intention of purchasing farms. Hut the Go-
vernment an; not disposed \u give more than the " in/rrrnf ' of
the million and a half dollars; and therefore the few chiefs
who at lirst were disposed to surrender, are now strongly
opposed to doing bo.

" If you look on the map wliieh T sent you, you will see that
almost every Jjot on this Meserve is occupied. Some of these
Lots have no 'clearings' on them, but most of them are par-
tially cleared, and the majority of these Indians are intent on
gradually bringing their lands under cultivation. They are,
moreover, increasing — slowly, indeed — but still they are in-
creasing in numbers, and that is one reason why f think they
have not an acre too much on this iicservation. T/in/ know
thin thevhsclvf-s, and therefore they are every year becoming
juore and more conservative of their lands."

17t// Au'/usf, 1S()'.). — " 1 thiid< the best mode of electing
Trustees for the New England Company schools among the
Indians would be, to call a meeting of the householders,
appoint a secretary, and then allow all adults {women as well
as men, if you think proper) to vote

" A corporate seal can be obtained from the I'Mucatioual
Department, Toronto, for ii^2.0U, that i;?, about H,s. sterling.

l.'i

(iKANi) invi:i(.

I H(\\).

■I I

■i . 1

■' H

•

•1 '

': , 1

" No ir/iifc women have plots of land or lioineH in fhrir own
rii/lil on this licservc, hut hkiii}/ Imlitdi woincii have.''

****** *

" At the lirHt eh'ctioii of School Trusteoa, tlirc.t: slioiilcl \w
elected (one for tlirce years, one for two years, and one for one
year). At every Huhniqucnf (innnal election oni; Trustee ahonid
go out of ollice, and anothi'r he elected for ///rtv* y<;r//'*. 'J'his
is Iho rule observeil ainon;,' the whites in all the school seetioiia
ofOnlario. Women aro not permitted to vote, however, iu
thos(! schools."

IIM Sept. 1S(50.— " With reM;ard to the ' occnpniioa of Lots,
1 may say that wc call a liot ^ occnpird' if the owner has a
house on the Lot, and resides in it. I do not know how
much of this Reservation is cleared, but I am of opinion that
you are (piite correct in supposinj^ that 'one half mu^t be still
mwleared.' If Mr. (JilKison's inlend(Mi examination of the
Keservc were made, a very interesting map could be drawn u|),
showing at a glance the cleared and the uncleared lands. It

may, however, be a loin/ time before that examination is made."

*******

" Li reply to your query, ' What does the Indian oceui)aiit
do to maintain himself F

"Some of the Lidians have small clearings on which they
grow corn, cabbage, beans, potatoes, etc. Some, whose 'clear-
ings' are more extensive, raise crops of wheat, oats, barlev,
potatoes, hay. etc. ; and many of them have horned-stock,
horses, sheep, and pigs. Those occupiers who have no clear-
ings, in general, maintain themselves by making axe-handl(;s,
baskets, and other small articles of a similar character, or by
working as day-labourers for other I mUtii's, or white men.''

25/// Si'pt. 1^(31). — " The erection of the Parsonaire is coiniT
on as ra[)idly as can be expected ; but we have been much hin-
dered of late by heavy rains. The road through the bush is
also in a wretched state; in one portion of half a mile iu length
it is nothing but a successioji of miul-holes. Over this road
we have to draw abont twenty wag<j;on loads of bricks, in addi-
tion to those already on the ground. We have had, tlierefore,
four or tive accidents from the breaking of waggon poles,
which caused delay and expense. Next Monday I shall have to
send two yoke of oxen to haul up a loaded waggon which got

i! i

i i:

K«y
.'iif-

oi'k,
cur-
ies,
by

)ing

Ull-

ih is
^th

road
(Idi-
bre,

oles,

ve to
rot

18GU,]

l(t':\'. i(. .1. K()iii:uT.s.

13:

HtiK'k in ilio mud yt'sliM'day. At tiiii lato neasoii of tliu year
\vi) need iiol expect the roads to iiiiprovo miieli, but wo hopo
iu H yliort linio lo iuive uil tht> lii'avy uiaterial ou tiie f,M'i>uud."

"Since 1 wrote to you bust about the aebooLs, 1 received a
notice from one of the tbrec or four men who cbiim to own
tbo Kpi.scopal Methodist Chapel in wliich Mrs. Roberts'
school was hehl, statini,' that tiu'y would not allow sciiool to
be held in that buildini^ any nu)re. llaviu;;, however, been
cai'Mestly re(jueslcil by many of the people livini,' on that road
to open the school a mile and a half further east, i'.r. at tlie
Council House Corner, J did so. The p(>ople have renti'd a
house for three nuuiths, anil they say that if at the eiul of that
pcrioil the altendance of children has been found to be suill-
ciently large to warrant the erection of a school-house in that
locality, they hope the New England Company will kindly
give them assistance. A very respectable Indian named Hill
has already olfered an eligible site, and some pagans of tho
Cayuga tribe, who live iu the neighbourhood and are most
anxious to have the school there, promise to co-operate to
the bi'st of their ability. "

Octulicr 19, ISOi). — "Till! attendance of children at i\Irs.
]ioberts' schoid, located for the present near the Council
House, is good. Several Iiulians wish the school to be con-
tinued there. So far as the number of children living in the
neighbourhood is concerned, it is certainly as good a location
as any other on tin- Reserve ; and it may perhaps be consi-
dered the best site for a school, on account of its being in the
place where it is hoped there may yet be an Indian village.
1 would, moreover, venture to say that a well-built, well-fur-
nished scho(d-house at the Council House, placed under a good
teacher, wiudd tend much towards the civilization not only of
the Indians resident iu that neighbourhood, but of those also
winch come Irom the remote parts of the reservation. 1 should
like to see all the schools etpially good and ellicient. Mut the
Coui\cil JEouse is a most im|)ortant locality, because it is pe-
riodically and frequently visited by all the Indians, and especi-
ally the Chiefs. JMany of them look in occasionally at the school
when Mrs. Eoberts is teaching, ami seem to be much inter-
ested, if you look at the uuip, you will see that there is no

13G

(;UAM) KlVKIl.

[ISOiJ.

oilier seliool-liousc near it. The nearest is IVo. 1, now tauji;lit
by Mrs. PowlesH, about 2',' or 3 miles distant. No. 7 School
is JJi' miles oil' (south-west). There is ou Lot Gl, M\ Conces-
sion, close by the river, part of the frame of a school-house be-
longing to the New England Com|)any. Jt is surrounded by
a graveyard, at present covered with Canadian thistles. Some
people in that neighbourhood have e.\[)ressed a wish that the
building there be completed and school held in it again.

"The yix Nation Agricultural Society held their annual ex-
hibition on the I'ith and 15th inst. It was far in advance of
that of last year. There were many excellent samples of vege-
tables, such as turnips, beet, cabbage, carrots, parsnips, pota-
toes, etc., and also a variety of apples of a superior (juality.
The grant of £20, nuvde by the New England Com[)any, did
much to encourage the peo|)le to come forward with their
cattle, and the produce of the farm or their handiwork."
*******

" The carpenters are now rooling our Parsonage. The stone
with the inscription 'Erected by the New England Company
of London, Kngland, LSG9,' was brought out from Brantford
to-day. The wretched state of the roads makes it expensive
as well as diilicult to cart out heavy material, such as bricks
and lumber, from town. This has been an unusually wet year.
Heavy rains have fallen almost every second day, and turned the
bush roads into a succession of mud holes or pools of water, some
of which are nearly three feet deep. 1 have to aond my man with
the oxen from time to time to repair the worst places. I shall,
however, keep down the total expense as much as possible."

Nov. 'Srd, 1800. — " IJad roads t'nrough the Indian Jieserves
have, as you truly remarked, made them un])opular among the
white settlers who reside in their vicinity. But this year not
only the Indian roads but also those among the whites have
been worse than usual, on account of the extreme wetness of
the summer and fall. The Indians in this neighbourhood are,
I am hai)j)y to say, going to do something to improve the state
of the road u mile distant from this place, so as to render Ka-
nyeageh more easily accessible than heretofore.

"Mr. Langevin's Act gives authority to tin." Ciovernor and
the Indian Department to see to and enforce the improvement
of all the roads on the Indian Iteserves, if the Chiefs neglect to

18(i!t.]

UEV. R. .1. ROIJKRTS.

137

do 80. It is to be lioped that tliey will not be slow to use
their authority, and thai before many yi'ars our hif^hways may
not be 80 disreputabh' and dangerous as in some j)lat'es they
now are. J. have not seen Mr. Langevin's Act since it passed
its third reading and became law, but 1 will procure six copies
of it and attend as soon as [)ossible to your directions, relative
to consultation with intelligent Indians about the clauses you
have indicated

"AH of Tuscarora is an Indian Keservatiuii. No white man
can possess land in it."

"I am glad the ]V<;w ]':lngland Company are kind enough to
bear the expense of erecting the Varsonage and barn ; for the
work of collecting subscriptions is tedious, troublesome, and
often uncertain as to results.

" The distance to Mrs. Koberts' school is indeed too far for
her to walk iii all weathers. 8he used sometimes to ride ou
one of my ponies, and sometimes we would drive for her. But
often she has to walk to it and home again. When it was re-
moved 1^ miles further away, I wished her to discontinue
teaching '.I; but she said she would like to go there until the
end of the year, or at least to the end of the three months' ♦or
which the Indians rented the school-house, and until 1 should
receive further instructions from you concerning that school.

"At Christmas Miss Crombie intends to resign Kanyeageli
School. Mrs. Koberts would like to take her place then, and
as it is only a few hundr'^d yards from the new Parsonage, she
could the more easily at:end to it. It would be well if the
teachers of all the schools were to reside near them, and were
required occasionally to visit the parents of those children who
should come irreirularlv to school. The house in which ]\[rs.
lioberts now teaches is not a hundred yards from the Council
House, and is situated in the south-west angle of the cross
roads. Thus —

Council Ho. f

►School llo.

'i"!ll

13H

ORAM) UIVKR.

■ 1 8f)ii.

" It w!iH used aH a Hcliool-liouso a f(;\v years ayo, and was
tlieii called No. 4 Scluxd. It waw taii;j;lit l>y an Indian nntned
Tliotnas 'riioirias. 1 observe in the printed Jieports <A' llie Mew
En^^dand Company, for the years 1S5S, ISoO, IHfKJ, 1801, Re-
ports I'urinslied by tliat teaelior of bis s(dio(jl loi- llie (piartcr
ending 'ilst December in eacli of tliose years, and in them I
find the followinfj; statement, viz. : —

1858
18r,l)
18()0
18(51

Nuiriljcr oi Cliil-

(li'( 11 1)11 liisl.

2(J

21
2(5

Weekly .AvciJij^c
Atlt;n(l:uie(;.

Quarter
»

ending 3 1st Dec.

» »
» »

2!)

"Aft(;r 18(jl it appeal's to have been nnnoved } '. mih.'s east
from the Council House;, and placed under a Mr. Kingston.
Under him the scIkm)! a|)[)earH to have dvvifidled down to the
lowest ebb. The school seems to have been again removed to
a distance of nearly three miles from the Coinicil House to the
bank of the river. It is there now taught by Mrs. I'owless.
Her school is iS'o. 4 now.

" Mrs. Koberth' school (Xo. 2) has taken its place; at tho
Council llour^e Corner, and although it is but a short time at
that place, a considerabh; number ui' children have; been at-
tracted to it. 1 enclose an account from her, which shows that
just before tlie midsummer vacation, wlicn the school was held
at the original site, the number on the I'cgistry was 15!). On
the Kith .Se|)tember she began lo teach in the house rented by
the Indians near the (Council House, and already there are o^i
on the registry, a larger nundjerttuji appears to have attench-d
in former vears. But six weeks' attendance, and that fir tho
first time after school was opened, is scarcely sufllcient to test
it. r believe tin; Indians about the Cnuncil House are c.v-
tremely an.xious to retain the seho((l there, if th<; inunber of
families increase in that neighboui'hood (which is by no means
improbable) it would be well to have a school-house tlujn;.

"1 also enclose a R(!port (jf Kanyeageh .School, from Miss
Crombie. She is quite able to undertake it without assistance,
aa the atiendance is not as large as it would be in more plea-

.'#.fVj

]M)li.]

UKV. R. .1. KOIiKUrs.

13'J

w tit
1 ut-
tliut
held
Oil
(1 hy

(led
tlio

test
(X-

■r of
cilllH

iss
in(;o,

Hiiiit wcaf her. Tlic frefjuciit raitiH and ll'iodcd roadrt wero a
{^fcat liiiidraticc to the attciidaiKu; of" tlir cliililrcii (luriii<^ tfio
last (jiiai tcr. I sliould also obscM'vo that no sclioul was iiold
by Mrs. i^dx-'fts or Miss (Voiidiic; diu'in;^' one; inoritli's vaca-
tion f^ivon to tli(! Hcliool by Mr. Xcllrs at the b('<;innin;^ (jf tlio
(jiiartcr, nor for two wcekH additional, dNriiij.,' uliicdi tin; scliool-
houHOS wen; undergoiiif^ repair. TIk; Indians have rented tlio
house; in which Mrs. J^djerts is now teaehini; lor three uiontliH
from the KJtIi .S( pteinber. Tlie three months vsill tlierei'oro
expire on the K'llh lJec(;mher.

" Last week \\(; had snow and weather so cold that the brick-
layers who were at work on the chiinni-ys of the l^irsonajijo,
liiid U) desist from it. Tliis week is fine and warm like tlio
Indian siinim(;r; and therefore all the workmen, brieklayt;rs
and carpenters, are aj^aiii employed on tin; huildinj^.

"On Thursday last, tli(; 2Sth Octob(.'r, the Indianw had a
|)loughin<; match near the Council llousse, and (les[)ite the fall-
ing snow, a lar'_'e niimher caim; forward to contCBt for the
prizes (ploiij^hs and money). 'J"he Si.v Xations an; f,'radiially
giving tli(!ms(dves more and more to tlu; practice of agriculture,
and this fact will necessarily lead them to take more interest
in tlie improvement of their roads."

iJeccmirr i)//i, ISCJO. — "The site wliich the Indian (John
]Iill) promises to give for a new scIkjoI-Iiouso will be at least a
(juarter of an acn; in extent. Il"itsh(nild be desired by the
IS'ew lOngland (,'ompany, I think lu; would giv(; half an acre (jr
nnn'e. He giv(;s the site freely. lie would not make any
charge lor it. lie feels that he would be; nnu'e than ri.'inune-
rated by having a school no near him for his childiu.'ii. There
would be no obje(;tion to his giving tin; land for the sit(; of a
school, but he could not sell it to any person but an Indian, f
believe the New I'jiigland (,'ompany wouhl be safe in erecting a
building on that site; but a surrender of the land by the ( "hiefs
and a |)atent from the (governor would be absolutely netres-
sary, in order to legali/.i' the pussi ssinu of it to the ('(jmpany."

"With reference to the election of trustees, I would sfiy
that your approval of Indian women, being householders, voting
for School Trustees, would, I feel certain, meet w illi the ap-
probation of all the Indians, male and lemale. J havti shown

'^ ■ •-—

MMHM

•l)

IJO

(illAN'lJ III \). It.

:isfiif.

i '' 1

ill

to KC'Vcral Jutf-lli'.'oiit IndiunK vour (•k<4<,'}i ';!' two r<;li'jul dis-
trictw. 'i'ljcs' ayj'f.'e with i/k- that the lirriitn riiarkciJ hv vou ai«i
the bet-t, and that theieforo it would uot h<' d(r.-ii'abh.' to Jjiako
arjy clian^e.

" W'f.'ro it not fur the uijcc'itainty of iji\ own ponition, I
would have ere ihJH time proceeded to carr}- out your [jlaxj)*, by
cauHJnf^ truHte<'K to be eJect(;d, aiid by purehariing two eorpo-
ratt sealw. L'ntil bin Jvord^hip ean be persuaded to give ine
bit) ]i'-en<'e, my liands are Xu a certain extr-nt tie-d."

20/A Iji-.r.inihi-r, 1S<3J>.— " J have received your letter of ttie
2otli JVovember, in which Tass weJl as in your lelt'-r of the
L'ilh Novenib<.'r), you inj'orm me tliat the- (iov-rnor of the-
IS'ew En^la/id »,"orjipany and you sanction tlie carry inj^ out
of a Bchool near th<i Indian (Joum-il Jfour-e. The Indiana
Jiving in that neighbourhood will be much gratified when tljey
bear of your decinion.

" 'i'o-iiiorrow will be Mrs. Kob',rt>5' lant day of teaching there.
1 intend to go rjver to tlie t-chool to addn^i-w the clnldn.-n a.-id
the [jarentH who may be present, and aliio to mak(i known to
th<'m the pleahing intelligence whieli I have received from \u\\.,
J will Hend you nhortly a report of that school for llie montliH
of October, November, and Deceujber. -Also o/je of Kanyt-ageh
bcbool.

" There is no particular name for that portion of the Itenerve
which in near the Council ilouse.

" After the ChristmaH vacation I will appoint a teacher for
the Kchool there. I fiave no doubt that 1 can find an Indian
(either a male or f'emalej w tio can teae-h it. Jiut J ho]>e the
Huggention which you make will be carried into effect, and that
' an Indian ijov.lh ' or ' two young femalcR ' may be went to the
^|'ormal School in Toronto, to be trained ah teachern. Jt in an
adnjirable institution. Voung j;eople who are trained there
make the raowt efficient teachers.

■* If permitted to do bo, I could select one or two wlio would
be glad to have an opportunity of tlius ini[jroving themselves.
Indeed, I am f'rei^uently, of late, solicited by young Ijidians
to use my inilu(;)jce towards obtaining permission from you to
send tfiem to some Higfi School (;r rollcgc,"

*******

" I ajji much pleased at hearing that you are inclined to send

]-.o:/.j

I<i;V. |{. .J. Kf)IiKKTH.

141

OroiiliyalcK !i,'i i() I'wn Nclun-H on I'iiVHiolnfrv to fli<f Indiana.
il<; is a 'j(><n\ !-[)c;il<<T, ;iii(| ;ui riliN- in;iri as vci^nrdn lii« prof'cH-
hiuii ; and I am sun,- that. hucIi \i-cA\in:H uh you propose would do
iriucfi f,'Ood ainonf/ ttio Six Nations. Tlie hcliOfd-room ii(;ar tlie
Council House would, liowi.'vor, h>i too Htnall lor tin? audif-nces
whicfi would be attracted to hear ljii;i. Jiul 1 tliink tfje con-
Hcrt of tti(; (^'liid's can be obtain'-d for tlie use ol' ibe Council
HouHO, wliicb iH a larj^e and w(;ll--)eat(;d (.'difice."

*******

" i saw Mr. (iJIkino/j last Saturday ;ind (uh yoii re(ju<sted)
I inquired of biin ' how the ucv.- Act f.Mr. ]j!itij.M'viii's; is to be
brouj^fit into action in the- TuHcarora Jt'-sersc ?' He told uie
that in hi:^ opiniorj '///'- yU:/ v.-un inop'rralii:'-.' arid tiiat ' If it
vf.rti put in Jon-.c licrf^, it vyjidd jirdhntjlij caunt: a rcbuUion.^
i suj>po.se he nieaiis a ' rrhcllKjii' ainonj^ tlie (Jhicjx, wfio now
constitute the Indian (,"ouncil. .Mr. CjiJkison said he would
viritc, to ijou soon. He- has been busily en».^•^^ed, the lant two
weekn, payin;^ tlie indiaijs i\n]v ' i/>ff:r('>ii imjutij^ and takin;.^
the i'l/aawi.

" 1 have written to Mons. Lant,'<;vin for copies of liiw Act,
and have (-/ideavoured in several other ways to obtain tliein,
but I liave not yet succeeded. "

2\)lk l)>-(j;ia}j>:r. iHOD. — "The Kanyear^eh School-hijuse was
in a wretcfjed con<lition when it car/ie und< r my char^^f; in July
last, 'i'here were numerous cracks or crevics in or betN\een
the boards, which let in the rjAd vAnd, as well as the daylij^tit.
It is now jjaintfui, tr/.ll ty-nti/a/c-d, and made comfortable inside."
*******

"Tlie School-ljouse was n(-v(-r furni.-hed with desks for either
the teaclier or the scholars. 1 hav(? ordj.red one for tfu;
teacher. About tw<-nty two dcrks fat euc/t of which tao cliii-
dren mii^ht be seatc^d; are neede<l."

:H)t/t Jjcccmljir, 1SGI>.--" Suice ! .rote to you yeslerday, I
have received a h-tter j'rom the iii.-hop, in which Ik; informs me
that Mr. Klliot declines to exchan;,'e 'luscarora for Kanyeaf,'eli,
and that he fthe liishop; had w ritten to you, statinj.' that he
could not liccjisc nie to the Kan\eag(di Mission. J cannot
but feel an injury is thus done to nut. J was sent out ati a Mis-
Bionary by his ]..ordsliip exactly eleven y( ars ago. in my iirst
iiiittbion J hud eleven j;lacis, at long di.>tances from each other,

' I 'It

f I

ill

iiii

■i

i i:

112

GRAM) KIVli',11.

[1870.

ill wliioli T Iicld vojj;ii1iir slated sorvi'ops. Wlicn T loft that
l:u'i;(' miswioii lor tlio siiuilliT one of Baylicld, tlic poor scattered
settlers expressed their deep regret at my departure, and pavo
nie many j)resents as a token of their good-will. In the INIis-
aion of Bayfield I collected enouL,di of money to pay a debt ou
the church (so that it was the first consecrated in the county
of Huron), aiul had anotlier half built before 1 came away to
this Indian IMission. The members of my five congregationa
iu Bayfield parish also expressed great regret at om* leaving,
and presented me and my dear wife with kind addresses. I
have now been more than seven years in this mission. AVheii
I came, I brought with me my ' licence as missionar}^' within
the diocese."

" Last niglit I obtained from the Secretary of State the six
copies of the Act of Parliament relating to the Indians for
which I had written."

*******

" On Christmas Eve Miss Crombie and ]\lrs. lioberts had a
hirge Christmas-tree in the Kanyeageh school-house. The
Indians and Miss Crombie had the building (inside) decorated
most beautifully. They had about £5 worth of presents on
the branches, mostly of a useful character, such as neck-ties,
stockings, muflU'rs, and otiier articles suita' 'e for winter wear.
There were upwards of lUO people crowded into t he room. The
children of ^Irs. l^)berts' school, from the Council House,
were there, seated on one side of the room, and the Kanyeageh
children were arranged on the other side. The ])eoi;!e seemed
to be all ])leased. Several leading Indians made speeclies. One
Chief, a CaijUfja (and a pat/an), s])oke with prr.ise of our two
schools, and expressed his gratitude to the New England Com-
pany for doing so much for them. We had presents for all
that were in the room, old and young. I wish his Lordship
the Bishop could have been there that night ; he would be
better able to know what are the true feelings of the people
towards me and my family. The people expressed their regret
that there was no one to inter[)ret my addresses to tiieiii."

ISffi January, 187(). — " I enclose herewith Quarterly Reports
from Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie, for their res|)ective
schools, viz. that at Kanyeagi'h, aiul No. 2 (near the Council
House).

187(t.]

KKV. U. J. ROHKRTS.

143

" Tlio youii;; man, Jiimcs Hill (wliom you kindly jxM-milicd
mo to employ for tlio year cndini,' L'olli J)ff('mbi'r last), I have
now appointed to teach tlic school at the Council Mouse. Ho
writes a fair hand, as you may see from Miss Crombie's He-
port, which, at lier request, he has made out. lie has not had
the advantani; of a normal-school traininj^; but he will, I
tliink, take <i;ood care of his school until a trained teacher can
be su()plied. lie s[)eaks Enj,dish inmost as well as Indian.
Next week he expects to take up his resideuco in the neigh-
bourhood of the school.

" I send with tlie Jveport some statistics of the ages, attend-
ance, etc., of the pupils.

" I have received your telegram relative to the engagement
of ' another Church Interpreter.' This will enable me in a few
days to carry out your instructions with regard to the election
of Trustees of each of the two school sections.

" The contractor is proceeding with the inside work of the
Parsonage House."

2()//i Janiian/, IS70. — " I am happy in being able now to
inform you that Trustees have been elected for Kanyeageh
and No. 2 Sections. The INIayor of Erantford was ill when
your letter reached him, but he forwarded it to nie by special
messenger. 1 had, however, already taken steps towards the
election. AV^hen I received your telegram, I at once employed
a young man who can speak jNlohawk, Cayuga and Tuscarora ;
gave public notice of meetings, and on IMonday and Tuesday
last (the 21th and 2.jth iiist.) I met the househohlers, male and
i' .uale, of the respective school sections. I iidoi'med them
that it was your desire that Trustees should be elected, and
pointed out how useful such Trustees might be in promoting
the cfiiciency of the schools. A Secretary was then appointed,
and Trustees elected, in a most harmonious manner, no dilli-
cnlties or objections being made by any person.

"Three Trustees were elected for each Section. One for
a term of three years, another for two years, and a third for
one year. Next year, and every subsequent year, oiw Trustee
will go out I., oillce, and another will be elected, who will hold
oilice for three years. This is the rule observed in school
sections among the ' whites.' I have sent to the normal school,
Toronto, for two 'corporate seals.' After the election at the

1 1

OHAN'H Rivi;i<.

[1870.

i ]

( : r

i ;
1 1

; 1

(Vmiu'il lloiiso scliool ycstordny, one of tlic volors, a Cliiof
named TlifniiMn Isaiics, iiiiulo a loiiji; s|)('i'('Ii, in wliicli ho ex-
pressed <^reiit «at ist'aetioii at what was done.

" 1 am much (>blii,'e{l for your {)ernii8Hion to Ginph)y a Mo-
liawk to teaeh me thut hiiif,'ua^e. I cannot, however, procure
a Mohawk gramn.ur, voeabuhuy, or dictionary. There are
none, 1 he had. It seems to \w, rather Htran<;e, but, an far as
lean learn, none have been ever triade, althou<,'li the Ir()(|Uoi.s,
or Six Nations, have had (U-alin/^s with the Enj^lish for the
last two hundred ycsirs. J must endeavour to make a vocabu-
lary and fj;raminiir lor myself. A few days at,'o a youni^ Indian,
named (leorgc; Hill, gave mo the letter which F enclose herewith
to you. lie is now teacliiiifi; No. '.\ School for Mr. Nelles.
]le has asked nie frequently if 1 could |)rociM'e assistance for
him from the New Euf^dand Company, so that he might
(pialify himself for the medical [)rofe8sion. lie is a deserving
young man, of studious habits, who would do honour to his
people in any station in which he might be placed. If the
New I'iiigland C( in|)any should consent to his recpiest, I think
the first step would be to allow him to board at the Com-
pany's Institution near Brantford, and attend the grammar

hool in that town as a day scholar for about one vear.

J)uring that tiiiu; he might learn classics sudiciently well to
(pialily him for entrance in a medical college in Toronto, or
elsewh(^re."

Qth Fchruarj), ls70. — " Wo have a Good Templar's Lodge
established in this place, which is doing much towards promo-
ting tem[)erance among the people. There are two other
temperance associations connected with us, which we visit

almost every week. We have also a night-school two evcnii

week for at

dults,

male and lemale.

e commence

igs
A it

last week at the retpiest of several adult members of the
Tem[)erance Society. Mrs. Koberts and Miss Crombie have
volunteered to teach it."

*******

" I shall go to T(!ronto next week, and make the iiupiiry
about a teacher for the Council House school. I have no
doubt that the authorities there will bo able to liiid some
young man able and willing to take the appointment.

"The Kanveagtdi school-room is at the disj)osal of Indians

1H7<>.]

I<1.\. U, .). HOIUOllTS.

lor iiicutiii;j;H about Mr. li;iii<^'c'viirs Bill. T/ii.s nchool-housi)
hcloiifis to tlic Neio Eni/hiutl ('ninixnui, wo iimy tliiTcfbru iriako
use of il (or n\\\ [)ur|)(),s(! yi\i appi'ov*; of. 1 dare [.s:i v ] I shall
hear from Oronliyatcklia in a few days, about his U^cturos. 1
wrote to liiiii on lli(> 1 ^t iiist .

" Wo lind tlio Animal Mi.s.sionary (or Church Society) iSIoot-
'\\\<^ for tlio Si.v Natic .sin Ivanycn'^t-h Church yesterday. Tlio
(.'haii'iiian wan Cam n Nolh.'s, and tho s[)uakor.s Rov. Cunou
Innc.s, Kev. .1. Smythe, .1. T. (lilkison, l']s(|., myaolf and an
Indian. N'ou will bo i,dad to hear that tho Six Nations uro

incr(!aso last year ia

stdl 'ii(M-ca.siii<' in nuiulx.'r,

!(,' lUt

[ami

(il lolal increase, OS. The total nuiid)er of the Six Nations
on this H(;servo i.s 2SSL Th(!y have incroasod .'iOO during tho
last ten years."

ll//i F('hri((ti'ij, ls7().-" To-morrow I l(o <o Toronto to hoo

the authorities at tho Normal Sclioi

When 1 return I shal

let you know tho re.sidt of my interview with them.

" I e.xpoet Dr. Oroidiyateklia up here on tho 2Sth in.sl., to
deliver his (;ourse of lectures on i'hy.-doloi^v, ote.

'J'lio Chiefs of tht^ Si.\ Nation liidiai

i.s II

lul a (.'ouiicil t(j-

<lay, at which Mr. (jlilkiscjii, tin; ;Su[)oriiitondont, was pro.sont.
Tho Chiefd a[)[)(,ar lo bo very much op[)o.sod to ' ]Mons. Lun-
ir(!vin's Act.' "

III

■(smo-
other
vi?it
ninga
•ed it
il

have

pury
l?e no
laonio

iliana

On tho Sth April, 1870, the Uov. R. J. Roberts wrote to
the Treasurer, aeUiiowledgiuji, reeeijjt of tin; Resolution of
the Company of tiu; .Soth January, 1H70, as to the ini-
provenient of roads, incnitioning having [jureh'ased an oil-
painting of the Indian (xjuneil House, and then proeeed-
ing as follows : —

" L;ist week four or five (/lii(,'ls (4' tlie Six N'ations went to
Ottawa as a do[)utation from tho (.'ouucil, to protcal (ii/aiufit
the, whuhi of JMons. Langevin's Act. Soino of tho Chiofa
ohjected to sending them, stating that they could do no good.
1 havo not yet heard the result of their [)rotest.

Tho Company will, 1 am sure, givi; tho [jeoph; addiliona

cause for gratitude, if they grant a small sum occasicjiially for
the im[»roveiuent ufroudd or building of bridgc-s. In many parta

i^!''

1 ' f

m- : '.i

1 :;l

! ; M 1

*:' il

li()

(illAM) Id \ Kit.

[1K70.

of tho Rosorvo there are roada of the worst description, and
aovural of tho roada marked out by tho surveyors have never
beeu oven opeiu'd.

"I have heard that the Chiefs intend in fiifure to cause more
work to be done in opening up, and improving their highways,
than has been done heretofore. 1 think it would be advisable
for tlio Company, as a general rule, not to expend any money
on Hueh work until a/'fcr the people here have completed their
wStatute labour (that is, the two or three days' work which tho
luw recjuires every man, even Jndians, o '\'- each year on
roads). The work done at the New England Company's ex-
pense would thus be of a supplementary character.

" I beg to forward herewith lieports from No. 2 and Ka-
nyeageh Schools for the (juarter ending .'Ust INfarcii last. The
weather was very bad during those three months, yet the
schools have not been closed for a single day. I think tiie
attendance of the children at these two schools will compare
favourably with that of any other schools on the Reserve.
You may observe that in the Council House school (No. 2)
iifty children attended out of the hfty-niue, in. the school section
(see lieport, and John Hill's letter). At Kauyeageh the at-
tendance has also been very steady. I know that other schools
on the Reserve have occasionally been closed for a few days,
perhaps even a week at a time, in cold weather, because no
firewood was supplied.

" For my two schools, I have taken care that there be a
supply alwaya. In Kanyeageh we employ an old mau who
lives close by the school-house to light a fire in it half an hour
before school commences, so that it may be always warm and
comfortal)le when tlie children arrive. The members of our Tem-
perance Society subscribed a small sum towards remunerating
him, in addition to which I gave him 2 dollars (about 8s. 4rf.),
which I feel sure you will permit to be charged to the
Company. I find the school Trustees very useful in assisting
me to look after these matters. Miss Crombie and Mrs.
Roberts have had a night-school also throughout the winter,
for the benefit of many grown-up people who could not attend
during the day-time. 1 have been surprised to see how rapidly
some of these have improved in reading and writing. Men
who scarcely knew their letters when the school was first
opened, can now read tolerably well."

'[*'■■ I't

1870.]

lUiV. u. J. no in: UTS.

117

On tlu! 9tli July, 1H70, the Rev. 11. J. Uohorts enclosed
Reports from the teachers of Schools Nos. 1 and 2, for
the qnurter en(lin<^ June 3()th, 1870, and mentioned tliat
James Hill, the teacher of No. 2 School, had been very
ill with intermittent iever for three or four weeks past, and
that Mrs. Roberts had taught the School for him during
that period, and had also made out the Report for him, as
he was too ill to write.

With jcrerence to the Treasurer's inquiry in April, 1870,
wliLthcr the Oneida Indians have any special day-school in
their portion of the Reserve, Mr. Ro'oerts replied :

" Tlie Onriihis arc nut suttled in one place by theiusclves, but
are intoniiin^led with otlier tribes, chictly in the north-western
part ot'tlu' liivservo, or KaiiyoagL'h Mission, in which tlicru aro
four scliuols supported by the "New Eughiud Couipauy, and
one by the Indian Ue[)artiuent and tlie Wesleyan IMethudists
conjointly. Jacob (jiuuural, one of llio Chiefs of that tribe,
resides halfway between tlie two scliools under my charge,
aiul sends his children, some to one s(;hool, and some to tiie
otlier."

The eoncluding paragra[)hs of Mr. Roberts' letter were
as follows : —

"On the 1st of this montli I received a letter from tlio
Priuci|)ul of Albert College, BelU'ville, giving a favourable re-
port of Oeorge Itdl, the young Mohawk sent to that institu-
tion lately, lie says, '^Mr. Hill has been very diligent and
successful in his studies, also very exemplary in conduct. Hiti
teachers and the students all think very much of him. lie has
gp'eu us some very nice composition in English, and some
spirited and loyal verses, delivered with great cclat.^ Tlie
term closed at the college on the 29th ultimo. The next will
open September 8th. liill is spending the vacation at Dr.
Oronhyatekha's, where he will probably obtain his first lessoua
in the compounding of medicines.

" 1 have just received your letter of the 25th June. I am
liappv in being able to say that !Mrs. Roberts has (juite re-

i
i

i IS

(iUA.NiJ KIVICII.

[IS70.

covort'd from lior recent illness. The a^ue, however, slill
attacks the ehildreii ami invself oeeasioiiallv. 1 will alleml
as HODii as possible to your instructions relative to a ji;eii(!ral
s(.'!ii'ine of townshij) drainai^e. In the; incantiiue I may say
that it \V(Mil(l bo wi-ll if I wore permitted to expi'iid about C5
fordrainaj^o in the neighbourhood of Kanyeagch School. There
is iinich need for it."

INTO.

8lill

flld

(!ral

say

loro

-T »

■aMMmMMuraMM

1::

il .■,

V K

I// A

NEW KXCLAM) CO.Ml'AN'V

119

KICK AND C:iIEMONG LAKES STATION.

1828-1870.

In the year 182S, the llcv. llicliard Scott, a Baptist
nuiiistcr, was employed by the Ccnnpaiiy to visit various
j)arts of Canada, for the selection of siiitai)le stations ior
its operations, after the abandonment of their proccedinf^s
in New Brunswick. Among others, he visited the Indian
settlen)ents in the neiglibourhood of Rice Lake, and Mud
(or as it is now eaUed) Chcmong Lake. These lakes are on
the north side of Lake Ontario, tiie former being; about
11 miles south and the latter about 10 miles north of the
town of Peterborough. From the favoui-able report of
this locality g'ven by ]\lr. Scott, he was in 1829 esta-
blished there as the missionary and agent of the Coinpany,
and a residence was provided for him on a lot of land pur-
chased bv the Comjianv at a convenient di.-^tanee from
both lakes. As a good school liad becii estaljlished at
Kicc Lake bv the Wcslevan Methodists, who had a n^sideui,
missionary there, it Mas subsequently thought advisable
that the Chemong settlen.ent should be the principal
object of the Company's operations, and in 1830 a school
was established there. The funds of the Company were
liberally bestowed for the purpose of building comfortable
dwellings for Indian families near both lakes, and great
encourugcment was given to the Indicwis to clear and cul-
tivate portions of land attached to their dwellings, with
the object of weaning them fr(;m their fondness for a wan-
dering, unsettled mode of life. For several years j\Ir.
Scott continued in eharj:'; of the Chemong station, laboured
■with zeal and judgment, and ellecti'd a n;anifest impnn'e-
mcnt in the habits and character of the Indians amouir
whom he resided.

lie died there in 1837, having been for many months

150

RTCK AND CIIKMOXO LAKF.S STATION.

[iR3r, ns.

'. 4

hcforc his death entirely ineapable of perfonriiiifj the duties
of his position, from the failing of his bodily and mental
])owers, in consequence of which, at the time of his deain,
the financial affairs of the Company were found to be in a
very unsatisfactory state.

Under an order in Council dated the IHth of Auf^ust,
1830, during the administration of Sir F. B. Head,
K.C.B., etc., the Company procured from the Govern-
ment of Upper Canada an absolute grant (dated 3rd of
April, 1837, and recorded 17th of October, 1837) of
1600 acres at Chemong, and appointed the Rev. John
Gilmour to succeed Mr. Scott as missionary and agent.
Mr. Gilmour occupied this position for more than thirty
years. Ho resigned his office in 186S, finding the work
more than his advanced age enabled him properly to per-
form, and died in 18G9: — enjoying therefore for one year
only the retiring pension of £7o w'^ieh the Company
granted him in June, 1868.

In 1858 the Company erected a chapel for divine wor-
ship at Chemong, in which Mr. Gilmour regularly held
service, and during the whole of his time he worked in all
matters in a spirit of harmony and mutual aid with the
Wealevan missionary at Rice Lake, a circumstance which
must undoubtedly have essentially contriI)uted to the com-
fort and usefulness of both parties. During the whole of
his career, Mr. Gilmour appears to have given great satis-
fac; .in to the Company by his judicious management.
His principle was, not to help the Indians by too lavish an
expenditure, unaccompanied by exci'tions on their part,
but to direct them how to do things for themselves ; — to
furnish them with materials and implements, with instruc-
tions iiow to use ihcm ; — to give them lal)our for which they
receive wages, in the hope by such means to arouse that
feeling of independence which leads a man to value more
the additional comforts and advantages he enjoys, when he
fepls they arise (partly at all events) from his own exer-

[ik 1

.-'.'^^-^ !^

HR.

tal
tn,
1 a

ist,
ad,
rn-
of
of
ihti
nt.
rty
3rk
icr-
ear
my

or-

eld

all

:he

ich

|m-

tis-

Int.

Irt,

-to

lic-

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l)ro
llic

■ f

i;f:

f!t

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^ l^-^it i?/^^:; ^io ^^ ^< .;v, ^.^^. ,j 1^ ^^' :C..-<o C-:
< <:>, '^^: L^ ^>- -ji =?■ ->• 1^ <i^ ^ i<;^'i^< i^ ^-^ ^''■
>: s 1 .e <; -^ ■ •> ■S' ^ '>v .~ >t -t s.

> i

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(' K u o ji y

^imk:

PLAN OF THE
ESTATE

1B7I .

Iiil

i! I J

ii ' I \!

;:m

■

180)7-8.]

UICE AND CIIKMONn LAKKS STATION.

151

tions^ and not wholly from the l)onnty of others. Oti the
retirement of Mr. CJilniour, the Rev. Edward Kiddell
Roberts was appointed by the Company in November,
1807, to succeed him as their missionary at these two
stations. A new and commodions residence* was at once
built for him on the Company's land at Chemong. They
also expressed the willin<;nes3 of the Company to assist
in carryinj^ out any good scheme that might be laid before
them to reward the Indians for keeping their houses and
outhouses neat and clean. The reports received fron\
jNIr. E. R. Roljcrts since his appointment have generally
been encouraging, l)ut the report made by Mr. Henry
John Lister, uho visited Chemong in October, 18G8, gave
rather an nnfavoural)le impression of the condition and
prospects of the station. This report ('^ilth February,
1809) as to these two stations was as follows, —

"CnEMoxG oil Mun Lake was the next of your Sta-
tions I visited. The Indians ((/hippeways) here, at Rice
Lake, and Garden River,, are Al.<."- "as, a totally dis-
tinct race from the Six Natic who belong to the
Iroquois family ; and their languages are said to have
not two words in common. Li lormer times the Six
Nations were perpetually at war with the Algonquins.

" Your property at ('hemong is situated on a })eninsula,
about 10 miles north <^'f the small but rising town of Peter-
borough, 80 miles <. i of Toronto, and consists of 1000
acres of good but Stvniy land, elevated from 10 to 20 feet
above the lake, which is one of a perfect network of shallow
sheets of water. The land between it and Peterborough is
thoroughly settled, but to the north it is still a wilderness
of swamp, lake, and forest, without, I believe, any high
hills. On the 7th October, I called on your missionary
(Mr. Edward Riddell Roberts), and heai'ing that he was

* Tlif f. filiated cost (£500) uf litis new liousc was j)ai(l liy llic CoiiijKniy in
May, 1808.

!lii

;3 ,!

fi' ■;

.1 1

KICK AND ('ni:.M()N(i l-AKKs ST\TU)\,

[I8(;.s.

on your estate, drove to tlie sliorc of the lake, al)out G
n)il(;s from his lionsc, who'p 1 hail to lijiht a fire as a si;^nal
that a hoat was wrutt'd to cross — -a passaj^e of about a niih;.
Mr. RobcTts was in the boat wIumi it came over, returning
from survevin"^ farm lots for the Indians to eultivate; and
wc arraiif^ed that lie should call for me the iu;xt eveniiij>,
after I had seen the station. I was therefore ferried
across, and spent that ni;^fht at your schoolmaster's house.
Mr. Schoflcld and his wife seemed j^'ood earnest pco[)le;
but who have naturally become disheartened M'itli their
work, for this settlement is certainly in an unsatisfactory
state. There are about 100 Indians or half-breeds here,
an increase of 100 per cent, c .; the population of lcS37, but
which I was told was sohlv due to immiuration, — for the
deaths exceed the births.

"The people arc dociU;, but seem totally to lack energy,
as their dilapidated dirty houses show. Although 200
acres of land have been cleared at one time or another, I
do not think there were 10 under cultivation at the time
of my visit. The Indians are terribly lialjle to consum})-
tion, and, I believe, scrofulous diseases, both of which as
well as their apathy can, I think, be traced to one cause —
physical weakness, arising from the numerous intermar-
riages of a small colony of 1()0 persons — the poor quality
of their food, mainly fish — and their exposure to the raw
Aveather of the Canadian early spring, when collecting
maiile suirar, as thev are then badly clothed and half
starved ; for the money gained by the sale of the furs pro-
cured in the autumn hunt is usually sj;eut very early in
winter. PerhaiJS the model farm, wliich Mr. Roberts is
going to commence about his pretty pai'sonagi-, will have
a good elleet. 1 would also encourage the immigration of
Indian;^-, from the outlying country. N.Ij. It would be a
good thing to locate the Rice and Chcnioug r.uliaus on
one of the two settlements, and invest the i)roeeeds of tlie
sale of the land of the abandoned oiu> m sch(H)l-houses, etc.;
but the matter would be a dillicult one to arrange.

isr..-..i

HICK AM) CIIKMONfl I.AKIS STATION,

I .>i

" I tliiiik the l)oar(lii;i>j-s('1inol should l)c givtMi up. None
of the ehiUh'eu live two miles ofl" so thev can easily come
every movninj^. The day-school wants iniprovin;^ ; there
are 30 children on the pro[)er'iy, and 38 are on the school
hooks.

" There were but few in the school the dav T was there,
and of them only two, both hoys, were at all proficient in
arithmetic. The writinji; also, in which Indians naturally
excel, was very inferior to that of the schools of the Grand
Kiver Stativ-m. The school-house wants repairing, and
new desks, etc. I would suggest that a large hell he rung
half an hour before school time every morning, and that
only the children who are punctual should have dinner
given them, instead of all as at present. Thoroughly
vicious ])ersons T would not allow to remain on the Com-
pany's property, and would impress upon the minds of the
Indians that the land was not their own to spoil, but your
property ; that if they worked you would helj) them, but if
they preferred laziness, the land must go to those who
wouhl cultivate it. The carrying out of this requires great
l)0wcr to be entrusted to your missionary, l)ut there being
no i)ublic opinion or self-government in these small bands,
the dictatorship of a wiser man than themselves is the best
rule for them.

"I am sorry to say a grog-shop has been lately opened
in the low Irish colony just across the narrow strait leading
from Rice Lake to Buckhorn, not a quarter of a mile from
your parsonage. As it is (luite illegal to sell spirits to In-
dians, your missionary can suppress it by making the first
Indian he sees drunk inform against the keejier of the
house.

" I spent that evening with Mr. Roberts and his family,
and asked him al)out the discrepancies between the map
published in your report for 1807, and the boundaries as
desei'ibed in the patent of your title (inserted in the same
report). He eoidd not give me a satisfactory explanation,

151.

UK H AND CIIKMONO LAKKS STATION.

flSGfi.

,. , f..

•t r

'i •!

,1 I I

but said we could see, in the Town Council House at Pe-
tcrborou»li, a copy of the map from which the Government
patent had l)(!cn nuide out.

" Wc therefore went there toj5(!ther the next morninj^
and saw the map in question, of which I took a tracing, and
which [)r()ved clearly that the broken lots 23 and 21' (about
loO acres) in the 1-lth concession, do not belong to the
Company. We then asked of the clerk, ' Who are the
owners of the land, for it has never been occupied ?' and
he replied, * 1 have quite; lately applied for a grant of it,
aiul also for the south part of lot 22 in the 13th conces-
sion, for a Mr. Roe.' I said, * I think lots 23 and 21
in the 1 1th coneesMion, are necessary to the Company.'
* Well,' replied he, ' Mr. Roe really wants the south of
lot 22 in the 13th. Do you claim all three lots for the
Company, and give Mr. Roe that, for it is of no use to
you, being on the wrong side of the lake.' I answered,
'that I was not empowered to make coiulitions, but that
I would api)ly to the Superintendent of Crown Lands at
Toronto.'

"After paying a pleasant though hurried visit to your
late missionary, Mr. Gilmour, who seems to have won the
love of every one around him, both Indians and Canadians,
I drove 11 miles to Rice Lake, through a beautiful rolling
country."

Mr. H. J. Lister's recapitulation as to Chemong was in
these words : —

"Grog shopkeeper to be prosecuted on the first oppor-
tunity.

" Land claimed by Company to be surveyed and re-
ported on by jNIr. Edward Roberts.

" Day-school to be improved and boarding-school to be
abolished.

"Indians to be evicted if they do ot improve their
lands."

I«fi8.]

nicK AM) rm.MONCi i..\ki:s statiov.

1 ;"»;"»

Umg

Mr. H. J. Lister's ro|)ort on tho subject of the Rice
Tjake Settlement was as follows : —

"Tffk IticK Lake Skttlkmknt — 1120 acres — seemed
in mncli better condition tban Cbemon^. A great deal
of the land was under cultivation, but some of the Indians
were taking white men as partners to do all the work and
receive half the profits ; a very bad plan, as the white
man will gradnally get a title to the land. 1 saw a fine
l)arn here, bnt as it is public property, it is allowed to
fall into neglect. The chief Pandnsh is a superior man,
he has a very nice house and gaiden ; before 1 left, he
gave me for the Company some wampum (a string of pure
white beads), as a sign of perfect goodwill. The Ttulians
say they want a new church here, and will give largely
towards it; in fact, that with their own money and ;8300
(or £i)0) from the Company, they would build one. I
had not time, however, to check their calculations, as I
had to cross the pretty lake (three miles in width) that
evening, and it was then dusk.

" I reached Toronto the next day, 10th October (Satur-
day), and went immediately to the Crown Lands' Oflice,
and, acting uiulcr advice, wrote an application for the land
on Chemong Lake to the Superintendent of Crown
Lands."

IS in
por-
re-
1 be
heir

Mr. E. R. Roberts, in April, 1868, informed the Trea-
surer that he had learnt from Mr. Gilmour that the appro-
priation for some years past had been £500 per annum,
including the salarif :» of Mr. and Mrs. Schofield and Japies
M'Cue, also the board and clothing of the children, and
incidental expenses, and inquired whether there would be
a special appropriation for a Sick and Indigent Fund, and
what allowance would be made for travelling expenses, and
for the necessary furniture for the boarding school.

The Committee, in answer, informed Mr. E. R. Roberts
that the amount of ainiur ' apportionment of funds was

■,%

<^2

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

{./

<«?,

if.

1.0

I.I

1.25

S 1^ illM

1.8

1.4 IIIIII.6

//,

c*l

ih.

.<?

KICK AM) ( iii:m')\(; I. \ki;s STVTIOV.

: 18(58 00.

limited to X5()() per annum, and jivantcd £:iO por annum
fur a Sick and lndi;,^-iit Fund, but required that an ae-
eount of the same should he transmitted to the Company.
They also inl'ormed him that L'-iO per annum would he
allowed i'or travellin^^ expenses, and a sum of L2() to buy
iiirniturc for the boardiuf^-sehool.

In August, l.S()8, the Committee granted Mr. E. U.
Roberts .t2() for clearing, fencing, and planting an osier
plantation, as had been recommended by him and Mr.
Gilmour.

The Committee learning that a seow was indispensable
for the general use of the Indians at Chemong Lake, au-
thorized Mr. K. II. Roberts to have oiu; built, aiul under-
took to defray the cost.

In April, ISO'.), the Committee authorized Mr. Itobcrts
to l,uil(l a stalde and cow-house at Chemong Lake station,
at an expense not exceeding L3().

The Committee, on the .'JOth Jr.ne, 1809, after reading
a letter from the Rev. E. R. IJoberts, to the effect that he
liad i)urchascil from the (.rown Land de[)artment the
northern parts (0 ]• acres) of lots Nos. 23 and '2 1 in the 11 th
Concession of Smith (bounty, at 70 cents an aeie, approved
the purchase, and in due course received the letters patent
gianting them the 01 a(;res for 45 1 i.80. The grant is
dated the Tth July, 18()1), and Mas recorded on the 14tli
of the same month.

The following is an extract from the Rev. E. R. Roberts'
letter above referred to : —

''The wi.sdoin (jf tlie Com[)any iu crcetiiig a uiis^^ioii-liouso
on the estate is oxoinplided every day. The spirit of iini)r()ve-
ineiit is being iiit'iisi'd into tlie Ciuiiniunity, wliicli did not
before exist, and is manifested in several wavs. The iuHuence
of the personal ])resenee and constant inspection of your
agent exerts both a rfidiitary stinudus mid a restraint. The
treiiuent iipplications for advice, dii-ection, and assistance, in
fanning and other operations; the facilities afi'unled by the

iM()n.

Kici; ANi) ciii;.\n)\(; i.AUrs matio.v.

('umpanv':! iiiiplLMiit'iils;, etc., undii- my care and suporvision ;
llu; ?i(-'tt!einciil dt' (iis|nitfs, ;ind tiiisuiidfrstaiuliiif^s tliat arisu,
tliou<:fh gc'ijcrally trillir.ijf, wliicli maiiitainfl llio peace and
U'Dodwill of tlio coniriiuiiily ; tlic Sunday-school and Hiblo-
class ; the week-day aorvices ; personal and prom[)t altentiou
to the sick, and increased attention to the school, etc.,
arc all secured by thia arrangement. Tlie water, however,
Ifi an impediment to eomnuinication and intercourse with
the world around n.s, and constitutes us almost a little re-
jmblic within ourselves. But as to this, the tacililies are
f^reater than heretofore, by means of tlie scow, and more
parties i^oin^' to and fro, and will become greater still. T'le
communication with tlie liice Lake is to a considerable extent
cut off. But partly to make up for that, J encourage the
Indians there, who can write, to correspond with uie on any
matters requiring my attention, counsel, or asi'lstauce."

In Julv, 1809. the Rev. E. H. Kobcrt.s wrote a letter,
from wliich the following extracts are nuulc : —

" Much has been accomplished during tiie past six months,
in laying out the farms, fencing, can-ying forward the new
buildings towards their eoni[)letion, })roviding household uten-
sils for the boarding-house, and thus increasing the conve-
nience and comfort of the young jieople ; and refiinushing the
school-house, which was pi'eviously in a vei-y defeetiv(,' state.
No desks, but a board i^laced along each side; no seats, but a
few old rickety forms ; no convenience, no apparatus, and no
piiint. I think Mr. liister s;iw it in that couditioii ; he would
not know it was the same now, could he favour us with another
visit. And you will observe 1 ha/e not exceeded the amount
aanctioJied tor these necessary improvements. 1 have not yet
given any account of the expense of the new willow-plantation,
as it is not complelely (inished, therefore I will reserve the
items until it is.

"The Indians, gruerally, are workiiii: well ; a good amount

of crop iias been put in, and is looking well. And the young

men are working out among tiie farmers during the harvest.

1 now employ none but Indians, either on the farm or in the

house.''

****** *

fl.

■ ' -M^

'i :'

l-^

n ?■ y

158

RICi: AM) ClIKMO.Nti LAKLS isTATIO.N.

[18G'J.

■a;.

" The 8i)irit of improvement is now miinil'ested in an unusuiil
ile<];ree. As 1 Htatcd in a rec-cnt IcUcr, 1 purchiiscil, at Miick-
liorn Mills, a quantity of hiinbcr at a low rate; 8'> per thou-
sand feet will cover all expense. I got •i7,i:o-i feet, and
10,750 shingles, which they brought to our landing by one of
their scows. It came in at six o'clock one evening, and I
called a bee of MO Indians to discharge it, wiiich they did, by
working clieerfully with me till twelve o'clock that night, by
moonlight. Mr. liabb (my car|)enler) had engaged IS.^J^U)
feet of it for his private use. 'I'he rest is lor the use of the
Indians, and building the stable, cow-house, and siieds ; one
for the implements and for the schoolboys to chop the fire-
wood, ready for the stoves in winter, and to play in on
wet days, near the scliool-house ; the other for domestio
purposes, in connectiou with the kitchen of the boardiug-
liouse. IMuch inconvenience, and indeed sull'eriiig, has beeu
occasion(;d by the want o*' these conveniences hitherto. From
the conunencement of the institution under I^Fr. Scott, the
Indians have been assisted in buihling houses, barns, stables,
etc. Of late years no im|)rovements of this sort have been
made, because no eucourjigement was given ; and the dwelling-
houses and otlier buildings have gone much out of repair. I
have endeavoured to rouse tin; Indians to improvement in this
respect, ofl'ering to provide lumber to a limited extent, for
each description of building they put up ; and to give the
hardware, glass, etc. 1 shall now have i-ather to curb, within
due bounds, this very desirable disposition to improve their
tenements. Most of the lumber I got (omitting Mr. Habb't)
will be needed for the stable and sheds. But some I have
distributed among the Indians for huildiiif- urposes, and
which you will find charged in the department „i ' .\id to the
Indians.' I paid for the whole when I got it; and then I
charge it to the several departments, a^ it is required or used,
keeping a stock on hand for this pu?*pose ; by which arrange-
ment the lumber comes much lowi-r to the Company than it
would do if it had to be fetched as required. The present
stock (I have said) will soon be exhausted, but the Indians
arc very urgent for more lumber for building and improve-
ments. Hut, before 1 get aiu)ther scow load, I shouUl like to
have the Company's ap[)roval of the plan, anil their sanction

1 1 I

h ■>

18(i». 1

RICK AM) cniMO.\(i I.AKKS STATION.

159

to keep ii Htock to be given out ad it may be i'e(|uii'ed, always
seeing that it is rerflly neiMlt'd, and is made good use of. Will
you kindly int'urni iiic wliitlier tin* ('(jni[)any will approve of
tills? We are rapidly gelling things into order; in a short
time longer the princi[)al delicieneii's will be supplied, and
grachially a great improvement will he made in the estate and
the institution, tor the beuelit and eivilizatiou aud comfort of
the Indians.''

A list of the Indian band at Chcniong in July, 18(5'.),
was forwar(l(!(l hv tiio Rev. Edward K. Rol)crts, in which
the following (quantities of laud arc put down as cleared by
Indians : —

a(;res.

eac

By one Indian . . . . II

By another 10

By two others .... H

By five others .... 5

By thirteen others . . 1

By one other .... '^ „

In August, ISfJl), Mr. Roberts, in reference to the cn-
franchisenuMit of the Inflians, referred to the fact that
Indians had, in the view of the law, been considered as
minors, and that their rights as such had been scrupulously
provided for, and that a new Act had just been passed on
Indian allairs.''^

The following extract from this lelter may sullice : —

"We have been gratified by a short visit from Dr. O'Meara
and Mr. Chance. We conferred together on our plans lor
the benefit of the Indians. They inspected the new buildings,
the schoolhouse, and the chapel, and conversed with many of
the Indians. They e.\prcsc>ed themselves as gratified with the
evident im|)roven»ent which is being elFL-eted. As to the loca-
tion of a number of Indian families on the peninsula at once,
we all agreed that it would be impracticable. Jf they were
bi'ought here in that way, they would ex[)eet to be provided
for; a proportionate amount of land would have to be cleared,

* Tor ;i copy of Mi'. Laiigcvin's .Vet, sec .VppL'iidix II. [i. ~d I.

r irH"

100

KU !•; ANU CUhM()N(i I.AKKS STATION.

[18(59.

i i^

stoned, anil liroii^lit into cultivation ior their rece|)ti()ii, and at
a great tlisadvaiiLa;;e. For, tlioui^li the loin (jn \v!ii;-h tlie
present Indians roiile, and those now bein;^ taki'u up, are not
yet fully or |)roj)erly worked, Hlill the Jndian.s are very tena-
cious of their suppo.sed ri;2;!its', which, though Im ii great in(;a-
aure iniaginarv, are i.o less real to their minds, and thev
would resist whatever might app(.'ar like an encroachment.
Moreover, there are too tew houses now, for the number of
the present community. Houses would have to be built, and
roads made in the new clearance, in pre[)aration for more fami-
lies settling here, which would he a w(jrk of considerable time,
and some diHiculty. Mut the wiirst would be, that the Indians
could not support themselves, until tlu; land was made pro-
ductive; the present resources of those who are now here aro
ta.xed to the fullest capacity. The increase of the Indian
population here, and at i\ice Lake, nnist be gradual and spon-
taneous. 1 think circumstances will induce this as t'ast as it
is practicable. 'I'herc! is room eiumgh here, however, and 1
will most chccrJ'nUj do all 1 can to carry into elfeet luu/ wish
or plan o\^ t\\c Comp.nny. I doubt whether our climate here
in winter in much h-s severe than at (harden River; lor,
though we are I'urther south, yet the climate moderates to the
west as well as south."

In November, 1809, :\rr. E. R. Roberts wrote:—

" I hasten, as soon as other engagements will ])ertnit, to write
to you respecting the tracher who is engaged as successor to
Mr. Schulield. 1 have bi-en most fortunate in being able to
procure a person who is in every respect well adapted for the
position and work. In eonsccpieneo of having filled the office
of f^ujierintendent of Schools in this county for a period of
fifteen years, 1 was necessarily acquainti'd with a great number
of teachers, many of whom are now scattered over the country,
and many in olher professions, for the occupation is generally
considered tein[)orary in Canada, and made subservient to
other purposes and pursuits in life, consecpiently tlirre is a
constant change of teachers in our m-IuioIs, and the ymnig men
who engage in the work do not give then- attention and energy
to it, as it is most desirable they slunild. There are some
commendable exceptions, however, who have made the art of

ISGU.]

KICE AND IHEMONG LAKIS STATION.

101

■K

wr'.tc

;rtSOl' to

ibU.' to

M' the

iod of
nnibcr
untry,
■ufrally
it'ut to
IT is iV
llj; llU'll

oiiergy
•0 ir;omo
lift of

teaching a careful study, with a design to excid, and the in-
tention of continuing in the vocation of educator \'ov life. Ami
such was tlie case with the one I have engaged. IJiit the
faculty and ac(|uircnients wliich constitute a good teacher in a
'conmiou ' or grammar-school, are by no means all that in re-
quired in our case. In addition to these, it is (juite recjuisito
to iiave a man who is a true and warm-hearted Christian, who
is possessed of more than ordinary patience and tact, good
humour and kindness and forbearance, associated with sutli-
cient decision and tirmness. Also one who is not very sensi-
tive, but can bear with some of the peculiarities of the Indian
race, which to most people would be very offensive and trying.
It is exceedingly desirable, moreover, that the Teacher here
should have a faculty for public speaking, and be a good
singer. Among all the teachers 1 knew or could hear of,
there was only one who was available who possessed these
(pialities. His age is 3-3 years, and his name George Crook,

an Englishman, lie has been twelve years in Canada.

*******

" The qualifications and salary of teachers are much higher
now iu Canada than they were some years since ; and the
expense of living here is greater than iu most rural districts.
1 told i\Ir. Crook tliat you desired him to accjuire a knowledge
of the Ojibbeway. lie at once complied. lie and my daughter
are studying it togetlier, and, for tiie time, they are making
rapid progress. But I should be unjust to my convictions,
and unfaithful to the Company, if 1 did not respectfully state
that the teacher siiould not be allowed to use it in conversing
with tlie young people in their education. But if the teacher
is learning the language, or has acquired it, there is a strong
and constant teniptatioi» to use it. JNIr. Gilmour wisely made
it a rule in the boarding and day-school, that the children were
always to connnuiiicate with each otiier, as well as to the
teacher, in Englisli. There is no greater obstacle to the
further advancement of the Indian bands in this part of the
country in all material, intellectual, moral, and spiritual im-
provement, than the language. Most of the worst habits and
])eculiarities are associated with the language. If we could
eradicate it altogether, it would be an immense stride in the
higher civilization of the Indians. Nevertheless, as it is your

5^1 ' I

«CI

1G2

IlICE AND tlIi;MON(; LAKICS STATIOV.

1 SCO -70.

wisli, .Mr. C'riiokwill iii:ik(' liiiiisflf iiia.sk'i- of tlio liiii<,'iiai;e, :iiul
J bclii'vi' lio is too judicious a man to make an improper uso of
it. If you wish it, 1 will hciiiI yt)u, from time to time, the
testimony of the Cliief, or other.N, as to Mr. Crook's progress.
TVlrs. (Irook proves to he an exeelh'nt manager of the ih)mestie
department ; ami as siie most [)h'asanlly eo-operates with Mrs.
J{nl)erts in this, then; is a great im[)r(iv'ement from what it
has bemi hitherto. The seliool has been full of chihiren since
Mr. Crook came. In nfiirnisliiiig the acliool-house, I provided
desks and seats for 21 eliiidren, aeeordiiig to the most modern
and approved style. But we have hud an attendance of IJU, so
that probably 1 shall have to obtain more. And as all the
day scholars as well as boarders have dinner, there is a con-
siderable consumption of food ; but by the help of what wo
raise on the farm, 1 ho[)e to kei'p the expense within duo
bounds."

On the 21st Dcpcmbcv^ 1809, the Committee granted
£10 to the Rev. E. li. Roberts, to i)ureliase a stock of
lumber, to assist the Indians in building tlunr houses^ such
lumber to be sold to Indians ut half price.

The Committee also, after much consideration, resolved
that the boarding-school at Chemong Lake Station should
be discontinued, and that for the year 1870, two suits of
clothes should be provided for 12 children, uho should
regularly attend the day schools there. And that, in the
opinion of the Committee, it was desirable that school
sections, on a similar i)lan to that adopted at white schools
in Canada, should Ix; authorized, according to the mode
suggested by the Rev. K. J. Roberts, with incorporated
Committees of Managemeiit, and with a Common Seal.

^^'ith regard to the formation of a school section at
Chemong, the Rev. E. R. Roberts wrote, Oii the 15th
Ja'uary, 1870, that the Company had ()verlooked some im-
portant facts, which precluded the possibility of that being
done, and added : —

" The property of the New England Company is connected
with the township of Smith geographically only, not for mu-

, uiul

i90 of

jrrCSS.

, Mm.
liiit it
1 since
...viilcd
\uHlei'n
f ;}0, so
all ti^e
rt i\ con-
Aluit we
liiii tUio

granted
stock of
ses, sueU

I rcsolvcA

suits of
lio should
lat, in the
at school
,tc schools
the mode
;or^ioviited

iu Seal.

section at
the K^th
|\ souic im-

that being

L counected
[u)t for mu-

I,s7t».

1«I( K ANn ClllMONCi I..\Ki;s STATIO.V.

i(i;i

iiicipiil or ((liicMtiDiiMl allairs or iiitcn'sts. Tlic pro|ifrl\ hcin^
iipproprialcd to ii briu-voli'nt piif|>()S(' and instil iition, ir< Ity
tin* As-sesaincnt Law ot' Canada, excinpl iVoin laxaliim, and is
not on the Asscwsinent Koll either tor INI unicipal. or Comity,
or (xitverninent Tax. As an njjproxiination, i suppose that by
thia block of land btdonfi;in<; to the New England Company, a
loss ia sustained to the Municipality of Smith of about ,S'»<W)
l)er nnnuni of taxes, Accordin<.i; to the School L'lw, mnv
soliool sections have to be formed by the Township Council.
But this bh)ck of huul is nut wiUiin their jurisdictiijii. When
a new townsliip is surveyed, it is also laid otf into school sec-
tions. But this property was never included in the school
sections. A school may be or<;;anized, or commenced, in a
section which had not previously a sulllcient nnmber of settlers
to support a school ; or the buuiulariea of existin;^ school sec-
tions may be chanj;;ed, or two sections may be formed of one,
when the circumstances of the country recjuire it. In all
such cases, the tirst action is taken by the resident as-scsHcd
frcchoh/rrs. But there are no such here. Therefore neither
tlie Muni<-i[)ality or the Goverinnent can take any cof;nizance
of it. All school sections must be taxed for the sup])ort of the
school ; and for this purpose, lands must bo on the assess-
nu'ut roll, which is not the case here. No " Government
grant" ia apportioned to any school unless the local assess-
ment amounts to at least half the expense of sup[)orting the
school. The school here would come under the head of pri-
vate. But the Government do not recognize such. Yet the
Company receive (negatively) from the Government many
times an iquivalent for the aid granted to school sections, by
exempting the property from all taxation, either local or
"eneral. A^ain, no white children could attend the school
here, if a school section could be formed, on account of our
geographical position ; such children would have to walk to
the lake, and then cross in boats. But there arc already good
schools for all to attend, and generally without any incon-
venience, and which the parents are compelled to support by
taxation, whether they send their children or not, which wouh'
he another reason why (even if it wi-re possible by huv) the
Municipal Council would not form a school section here.
Fiu'ther, Indians are not eligible, by law, *o hold the ( Dice of

-M 2

Nl-:^;

IT)

RICE AM> rin;MON(i lakks station.

1870.

Sc1k)(j1 Trustt't's ; and if tlioy were, no f,'f)od, but c il wonld
nriso from it. Tho cane is (lUfcrtMii at the Kicc Laki', and
Bonie otluT Indian stationH. The UoHorvo at Rice Lake, held
by ilve trnsteeH for the benefit of Indians (of whom 1 am one),
ia in tiie midst of a common scliool section, witliont any
iiatnral impediments to jjrevent the chihlren of the white
settUirs from attending?. The Indians, by the arrangement
and assistance of the Weslcyan Conference, avail themselves
of tliiit school, which is so situated that both parties can con-
veniently attend. The Wesleyan Conference j)ays half the
teacher's salary, which makes up for the deficiency of local
assessment ; and being a section school, it receives the Go-
vernment grant, according to the attendance of the children.
Pardon me for saying so much on this point; I thought it
best to give you the facts of the case. With the exception of
one of the changes which you [lurpose nuiking, the scliool could
not be better conducted than at jjreseut. The advantage in
books and maps (we only need two or three maps) would be
very small ([)erhaps two or three dollars) by obtaining them
from the Toronto Depository. Before 1 purchased a set of
])ew books, a year since, I wrote to the Chief Superintendent
on the subject, to see if he v\ould make an exception to the
law, in the case of an Indian benevolent school, when 1 re-
ceived the following reply : — ' Toronto, 3rd May, ISO!). Sir,
1 have the honour to state, in reply to your letter o*" the 2Gtii
ultimo, that the Indian schools can be supplied with maps at
the prices marked in the accompanying list ; but the depart-
ment has no authority to do more for them. — George llodgins,
Ueputy-Superinti'udent.' The prices in the catalogue were at
the highest retail rate.

" 1 think it most wise and prudent to discontinue the sleep-
ing department, which was never necessary, nor is it de-
sirable, liut 1 should have been glad if the Company had
been willing to continue to allow the children attending school
to have dinner at least for some years longer. They are
all at times in the position of orphans. Their parents, being
CiJgaged in hi'uting, are often from home, or coming and going,
and insufficient provision is made for them ; and in conse-
quence of general improvidence, the families are often short of
food. It will be sad to see the dear children during our long.

1S70.

vouUl

, and

held

oi\(*)>
I iiuy

wliito
enicnt
iselves
m cou-
vU" the
)t' local
l»i> Go-
uiUlren.

(Uirllt it

ption of
ol fOuUl
ita<i;o in
ouUl be
ng thorn
a yet of
ntciultMit
,n to the
en 1 ro-
iW). Sir,

u' 20tl»
maps at

di'part-
lodgins,

were at

\e sleep-
id it de-
)any had
ng school
riiey aro
uts, being
and going,
in con se-
ll short of
our long,

1H70.

Hiri: AM) ClIKMON'n lakks statiov.

ir,:.

colli, and stormy winterrt, come, and remain u day at scliool
witliout food. Pardon mo if, from the prom|)tingH of my lionrt,
1 plead with the Company to grant tlie dear young peoph; at-
tenchiig school dinner, ns well as clothes for attendance and
merit, Jt will greatly encourage tliem to attend, and promote
their education. After a few more yenrs 1 hope the people
will become more settled, and their circumstances improved,
when they will be better pre|)ared for thirt change. Much of
th(! food comes from the farm. About twenty childri'ii lia.e
had dinner, including boiirders and day scholars, during tht!
])aat year. And twelve (as the full nundjcr, or eight as an
average of hoarders) three meals a day, niaking as an approxi-
mation, ll,'J()0 meals in the year (deducting holidays) ; which,
nt 5 cents per meal (a moderate average), would be ,Sr)()().00
j)er year. The food which it has been necessary to buy, a3
charged in the accounts for the past year, amounts to J$2;J2.()(>.
Thus about 8328 00 worth of food was provided by the farm.
Ami we never had greater facilities than now for this arrange-
ment.

" It was a great blow to the Indians when I informed them
in Council on Monday of the withdrawal of this benelit. They
took it, however, in a beautiful spirit of resignation; so much
80 that I was astonished, though 1 am so well acquainted with
the passive element in their character.

" 1 will carry out the Com|)any's instructions with regard to
providing clothes and shoes or boots for those children who
attend ' well,' as rewards for atteiulance and merit. The word
'Weir must be delincd. in our Government sense of the
word, half the number of teaching days secures the Govern-
ment grant, and other benefits connected with our National
School systcMn. I suppose I may follow the same ruli* in our
case.

" When 1 was a|)pointed to the agency, Mr. Gilmour spe-
cified in detail the duties iind responsibilities of the oilicc
(though 1 was long acijuainted with them by observation), and
one of which he s|)oke, as being one of the most important,
was the mana<fement of the school ; and in t.'ase of a change of
teacher (which he seemed to anticipate), the necessity of exer-
cising careful judgment in the selection of another, which ho
said theCompany hud always looked to him to do. Four teachers

" ''I

I'll

i !

IGO

UlCt: AM) ( lIK.MONCi LAKi;s STAIION.

[1^70.

I' '

liadbcrii t'liiploycd by liiin, Mr. Foster (wlicii lie ciih-rcd uii tlio
Uf^'ciK'N), Mr. I'Mwardn, Mr. N'iiu-ciit, and .Mr. Si'linlicld, When,
tlirrcrori', a vacaiuy (Kriirrcd l)y (lie re i!;ii;itiiiii of iMr. Sclio-
lii'ld, I iiiiiiicdiaU'ly, an dl•^^•ril)l■(l in a f'oniii'r Icllor, lillcd tlio
pluce; and was inosl fttrlunalL' in the selt'ction of a |(i'rsoii for
tlif position !"iid work. 'I'lic oidy additional condilitin pru-
Hcriljcd Ity tlii' Company was that Mr. Scliolifld's sncrcssor
blionid iiarn tlic ( )jil)l)(\\ay ; wliirli Mr. Crook carnrslly sut
liiiMSflf to do, and lias inndt' rapid pioirrrss. I liavc no doubt
that in a year from lliis time he will speak it witli some ease.
Wlii-n I en^'a;j;ed liim lii- bad n(»t only eliarj,'(j of a I: •:;»! hcIiooI,
but bad an interest in a larm wldcb ids brotbei' law bad
rented in tlie same locality. That interest he ;:;ave up to como
lii-re, and it was with some diiliculty be obtaini'd a substituto
to take tlie scirjol for tbe remainder of the year. As a rule,
tbe teachers are en^aj^ed at tbo commencement of the yeai' ;
BO that if be has to leave Cbemont,', be could not, so far as we
can see, obtain another situation until .January 1S71. More-
over, breakinj^ up his home where he was, and moviiij^, and
settling here, involved expeuHe. He has a wife and live chil-
dren. He has proved all that 1 antiei[)ated, and if he is re-
tained, be will be a faithful and valuable servant to the Com-
pany, trained for any service. Having closed the boarding-
acbool, less assistance, and, therefore, less expense, will l)e
needed iu the bouse, on which account it would still be worth
bis while to continue in tbe Com[)any'8 wervice at a less salarv.
And the school not being large, will secure greater advantages
for the Indian children who are at Chemong. If the dinner is
continued, it will involve an expense for assistance in the
bouse of about ^5 100.00 per annum. A good teacher is an in-
valuable acquisition, while an inferior one is dear at any price ;
besides, Mr. Crook is useful to tbe Indian community in many
ways, as well as the teaching. I believe bis labours among
tbem will l)e |)ernianenlly benelicial. The salaries of all grades
of teachers is higher than it used t(> be. .\ young gii'l has
refused jEnO currency in a section on the opposite side of the
lake, for this year."

On the 1st February, 1870, ,Mr. E. 11. Roberts wrote: —
"Tbe Government Visiting Superintendent of liulian Af-

1 i

1870.

IIICi; .\M> CIILMitNt; lAKL.N M\I|(»N.

tiiii> l'<>liiiiiiit<l liiii;;i'i' lii-rc tl.iiii iisii:il at liis l:ist visit, Ix'iiii^
with IIS tour iliivs. lie iiiailc :i ;;ciiiTal iiis|ic(-ti<)ii of nil lliat

\v uvr ooiiiL,', and iiii|iiir('il into our plans.

II.

1.1 a (

oiincil

witii tlic Indians, and toldtlicin tliat this is now one of thi>
best Indian ni'ttleincnta in the country, and if lit.' were an
Indian ho would s.-ltlo Iutc, as t hero an; no ^(ivatcr, if i'«|ual
privih'f^rs anyw li.'rc. lit- was iiiiirh pU-asnl with tin- arraiif^o-
iiii'iits tor tlu'iu'w farms, and tlio conditions of the lease, which
he said are exactly adapted to I he peciiliarilies and r.ipiire-
iii'iits of the In. linns, an. I hid in\er lieeii e.pi.'.lled hy any-
thing the Iicyislatiire r>f ( 'anada h:td ile\ i-cd or onaeted \et.

le re.Miested ine, as soon as I reeeivfd ll

lease Iroiii

Ijoiid

on,

to send liiin a cojiy, that he in.iy siihinil it to the ( iovernin.'tit.
TIk^ Act for the Kiit'ranchiseiiuMit of Imlians and the hetter

atfairs, passed last session, has proved,

luanauenient of Indian

as I expected, an entire failure, 'riioiis^h the time has passed

within which Indians wi're reiiuirod to choose their land and

locate,' yet not one in the entire province has done so. And

ositively refuse to come under tht* provisi.)ns of the

lev

Act. It was drawn up by thoa- who had no practical know-
ledfje of Indian character and lite."

On the KUh of March, 1«70, the llcv. V], U. Roberts
>vrote —

" It is necessai'y lor the Company to decide what dhouhi
be done with the teacher's house. I have referred to it before,
but not 80 as to briiii; the matter fully under your no' ice.
Before the close of Mr. (iilmour's aj^eiicy the suhjin I was
under consideration ; and about five years sinci', he had a
builder to examine it, who pronounced it to be almost unin-
habitable, particularly the centre part, which is built of pine
logs, and has been erected more than thirty years, which is an
nnusnal time for a log building to stand. The timber in some
places is so rotten that a stick can he thrust through, and it
is a wonder that the walls do not sink or fall. They are also
full of vermin. The two wings were added at a much later
time ; the one on the east end earlier than the other.

are built of' strips,' that is inch boards (without the sap-wood)
cut five inches wide and laid one upon another. overlap|)ing on
each side one inch so as to hold the plaster, and nailed together

IH.-

KiH

UK I AND (IIIMONc; I,\Kls srATKiN'.

^Tn.

iiM IIm'V !in' pill III). 'I'lir wiiijM. Iiv lii'iiHj i'iiihimI rnuii IIm'
^romid, uliiiii-Ji'd iilrcs)!, nml ('lii|t-li">Mrilt'(|, iiiiinil IhhI liltfrii
tir Iwi'iilv vi'Mi'M luntirci'. Thr fiitiii' liinliliii!' r<'<|iiin'H In l)<>
rjiiMt'd I wo Icct. Am il JH, the Himw iii wiiilcr Iiivm iiImivi' IIio
^niiiiid Hour, and Iiccoiim'm |i;i<l(pd lt\ wiilkiiij; <in 'riirii, wlicii
llicrr in !» (linw. mid cwpciMMllv in M|iriii(,', llu' wMtcr IIimmIh |iiMi.
ol 1li(- lidiisiv If iiiijdil Iti' .'dliivvt'd (u rt'iiiiiiii m^ iI ih. wliilr
lli<> Idir wiillH wmild nliiiid ill Jill. Mild run llir ih1( hI' iiny
diiiH'.i'r ( hero mijjiil lie Iti llir iniii:it<'^<, in cfiHc il lei! willuniti
HiillicK'iil wiirnin^, were il iiol lluil I lie nt'wrr iMirlioiiH nr(>
iH'infx injnn'd lor wnni <d' rrpinr. 'I'lic entire roof Home-
linioM Je.'iliM mIiiiohI lilu- a Hieve. eliieilv in Hiiimiiei' iillir dry
wcnilier 'I'lie idd Hliin^leH HJirink find emi with (lie licJit,
11\(Mi n lieiivv Hliower coineM. Mini llie walei- poinH in. And it
HeeiiiH nndesiiMlde lo spend money in reHlnnt»lni!.,' tlie roof in
the presenl stale of I lie bnildinjj;. 'I'liere is a very deleelivn
I'cllar, which is u ^real drawltneK to I he cnnvenienee and
roinlorl of a iMinil' in tins eoiinlrv The intense and pro-
Iraoted irosi (lor six months of the year) renders il necessary
for ns lo haye }^ood cellars, lo keep household supplies, espe-
cially in onr sechnled position. That yon may have a heller
idea of the house as it now is. I have drawn a |daii o! the
lower story. There is a hall" story ahoye dixided into lied^
rooms. As the Indian children will not. sleep there a^ain, llie
l<\!.i; hiiildi.ijj; nii;.i;hl he laUen away, and Ihe two ends |iiit.
(oeel her mikI well repaired

" 1 1 I li(> 111 III her and shingles were proem ed in ( he spring, I he
\yorl\ mijfht he done ne\l, tall. W hen I know what, the ( 'om-
pany will decide* upon haying done, 1 can send yon a slate-
luent o\' the jirobable cost, llion^h it is diHieiilt. lo know
b(>roi(<hand what snoh a rcconstrnclion of the buildiiifj; would
cost.

" We haye (>x|>»>rieiicod great advantage" I'ldiii the new oni-
Iniildiiigs during the present long and stoniiy winter, \\/.. the
slalil(\ iu\\\ hyre. sheep shed, porch at the school house, and
W(>od-slicd, and ollices lor the school and leacliers house.
The ('attU* have been conit'orlabie, and less I'oduer is rctpiired,
because by being \\d in mangers it is kept dry and clean, and
none is wasted, and tlu> cattle ar( in l)elter ' heart' lo eat
their Iced. llitluTto the' fodder has been laid on theizronntl

lew oilt-
Ivi/.. IIh^
|is(\ iinil

lioiisc.
[•(piin'd,
|>;in, Mini
I' to nil.

liroiniil

|sT(i

HIM, A'.ll <lll,MflNri l,\KP«< '«TaII'»N.

I m

IIIIHilltr llic KlinW III III'" l»;UII \!ll(| ill Mlllllll ll<!l|W ; lull, (m -<0"!|

iiH it. in |ni1. Mill, llii> ' Iimhh' riitlli' run I'lunil fV'im Iimi|i to
lir'(i|i, driving nil' llic nl licr^ ; mimI IIiim liiill nl il lv • ^* t r(i;ii|p(''l
ill llir Hiicpw nml iliiii^, (iiid (iltrii llif wiiikf-r cdltlf licciuiic ho
('iirtM'liIrd by ('(iM (iihI Mtarviilmii tliiif, flicy (li(> \ii'\iin> flm
wiiitf r iw (ivcr. I liiivn kiinwii riwiriy '»(" Mii" I'liMlf lien- i|ii> in
tliin wny. h iM ji |tiirt. of the mIiI <'niiM(|i(m aiid ImrliarmH way
III liii Miiii^', wliifli in li(i|i|iilv iM'criiiiiiiL,' nl(s<il< tc, A ii(| aii'itlicr
^rral (liHadviiiila^f in tlial. oar*!' in, tlinl flifHi- wlii<'|| ain
lifdii^lit Inlcialdv llifMiiiOi fli(> winter arc hk low in (•(iiiditioii
tJial it n'(|iiir«'rt liall' tin- Miiiiiincr In rfeovcr tJirir full vigour,
iltid lliiiH liair tlir ^ood of Mic CMWH \h lost, to f.lic (•riiniMiinit y,
licHidcH ilH lniii!^ hiicIi a Inid < Kaiiiplf In tlii; Indiaim. 'I'lm
(•at.tlc art' now IiIiIIk' im dfcr. 'l'll('^»• im|ir'iv('iiir>nf .^ \viti\
rHHcnlial, and will In- of |n'niiancnt. advaidai^'c anrj prolit..

" Soinctiiin^ Hlmiild he donn to the outside of ilie clnirfdi
and Hi'liooMioiMc IImh Huiiimcr, or the lniildint^H will ]»• injiired
liclni'c loiif^. 'rill' sf'lioid-lioiMc Im liiiilt, of strips lil<(; part of
tlir fraidirr'rt lioiisc, and tin- clmrcli is Iniilt. ot tw<i-in('li pl;ink
placed |ierpendiciilarly, resfinj^ on a will at, tJie hot lorn, nailcrl
to a plalc at. the lop and liattened over flic joints, flien lat.licd
and [ilaHtcrcd. The euvcw are narrow, and there arf! no
HpoiilM ; conHc(pi("nfly, the wafer from the roofs is firivcn hy
Mm* wind on to thi^ walln, which caiiHCH the plaster to peel off,
which IooKh ratj^ed, and exposes thi^ wood to the action of the
\\(>!itlier. The soiilh jiartH of both biiildiiiL^'H is the worst,
hecaiis(; every s|)i'iiit^ the sun in the middle of the day warrn.s
and thawH that side, and it freezcH aj^ain at nii^ht. The scliord-
lioiise is placed north and south, the chnrch east and woat.
IJoth building's should bo clap-boarded, esjiecially the part
exposed to the heat of the sun. It woubl not Itf- much
expense, and the protection to tlur buildint^s would he j^reat.
TIh! IndiatiM are also very unxiouH that a sniail gallery should
he |iut lip across the end of tli(^ church for the ficcotnrnodatioii
of the choir.

" I niMV here direct your attention to the new brick church
iihoiit to be erected hy the Indians at liice I/ike. l'reviou«
to Mr. («iliiiour's resii^oiat ion, it was in conteniplation to
replaci' th(* old woochui church (now a \vreek) by a new and
substantial oiio of bri<d< ; and he submitted the (|UC3tion to

Ill

170

lUC i: AM) LIIKMONC. I.AKKS STATION.

[1S70.

■1; ill

!' I

tlui ('(iiiinaiiv, Wlial siiiii would tlicv contribute towai'ds it?
In ri'i)lv, it was staled that wlicii tlic niattt-rwas more mature,
llic ('omj)aii_v would take it into coii^ideratiou, and instruct
JMr. (iilinour's successor wliat sum sliould be appropriated to
tliat object. In a b.'lter wliicli I received a sliort time siiu-c
from the liev. R. Hrookinj^ (the resident missionary tliere),
lu! states, ' I think we can see our way pri-tty clear t(» bej^jiu
tlu' tu'W churcb in tlie spring. With the labour we can get
from the Indians, the money we have on hand, and what we
may get from other sources, we think we can see our way
t()i(M'ably clear to couHuenco. Wo ha\e already 810^' '" the
baid\, and there is another J>li'0 in the hands ot the Indians,
which is to be collected in the spring, and there is l^"^'*-*^
owing for timber which was sold from the Reserve some time
since. The Indians request me to say to you that you would
place them under great obligations if you would kindly u.se
your iniluence with the New Enuland Company to obtain a
grant from them in aid of the church. The Indians have a
copy of a letter here, obtained from the late I\lr. Gihnour, in
which the Company state that when his successor was
ap})ointed, they would be ])repared to do something ; so that
we have hopes of a grant from that quarter. 1 might further
state that the Indians are prepared to pledge tlieir annuities
to the amount of <^400, if necessary. So that 1 think our
way is now tolerably clear to conuncnce operations so soon as
the spring shall open.' JMr. Bro(dving further states he is
Hhaidvful to say that there are signs of considerable improve-
ment in our village. The means of grace are all well attended,
and increased seriousness is discernible in our youug people,
and a few are giving their hearts to God. 1 think also that
a larger quantity of haul will be under crop this year than
last.' Mosang Pandash tolls me that tie spoke to ^Nlr. iiister
on the subject of the new chapel, and that he encouraged him
to hope for assistance from the Com]jany for that object."

The Coniniittce of tlic 24tli :\rarcli, 1870, directed that
the Rev. E. R. Roberts should Ix a|)plicd to for informa-
tion as to the cost of providing meals for the children at-
tending the schools, and informed that in the meantime,

&■

[1S70.

U it?
at lire,
t^triiot
ti'cl U)
i sim-e
tliovo),
, boi^iii
an gt-»-
lial wo
111- ^^■.ly
ill llio
luliaus,

, y^-iuo

no tiirni

u wouUl

idly use

jbtaiu a

s have a

mour, ill

(sor \\iia

; ao that

t t'urtlier

innuitied
link our

|) 5-oou as
cs he is
improvc-
itteiuled,
people,
also that
car than
|lr. Lister
mini hiiu
ot."

K'tcd that
liiiforma-
iilron at-
^caiitin\e,

1870.]

uici; AM) ciii:.MON(; lakks siatiox.

171

and (luring tlic present year, dimiors should he provided
for such of the children who attcMided well; and resolved
that the sum of G.IO p(^r annum, and a capitation p;rant of
11 for each child who regularly attended school, should he
allowed to Mr. Crook, the Sn[)erintendent of the Cheinong
school ; and that rej^ular aLtendance at school should he
(leliniMl to be four days in tin; week at least.

'J'he Committee also resolved that Mr. Ifoberts shoidd
be re(|ueste(l to state whether there was any objection to
Daniel \Vetuu<; (fitting cord-wood on the lands in his oc-
cupation. They also resolved to provide lumber ami nails,
not exceeding tD in value, for each house, to the tenants
building houses and barns on the new I'urms at Chemoug.
And granted t:20 for making a new road to the farms.

The Committee also granted to the Rev. E. 11. Roberts
£5 for a map, and £5 for clearing and breaking np land
near the Mission Farm.

And resolved that further inquiries should he made with
reference to ' e Indian orjjhan child for whom the Com-
pany's aid had .jcen re([ucsted.

On the 21st May the Treasnrer wrote to the Kev. E. R.
Roberts, informing him of these resolutions and grants,
and directing that the map of the Chemong estate should
show the forest, cleared land, grain land, root land,
meadow-land, pasture-land, etc., distinguished in different
colours. The Treasurer observed, " With respect to an
"orphan child arrived at the Company's Chemong Station,
" the New England Company do not wish for an orphan-
" age. In this ease a little temporary assistance can be
"given, and more information supplied about the case."
The Treasurer added, " Is there any objection to a tenant
" (such as Daniel Wctung) cutting cord-wood from the land
"in his occupation ? If not, he may be permitted to do so
" under your orders and supervision. With respect to the
'' teacher's house, the log building may be taken away,
" and the two ends put together and well repaired. Please

:4|ri

^f^

172

RICK AND CIIKMONO I.AKKS STATION.

[1S70.

.'I 1

** to have this done at a moderate expense. You remain
" as missionary at Chemong. A division between a hvy
" a'ld ck;rical missionary at Chcmonj^ seems inipraeti-
"cal)lc. The Committee do not grant the extra expense
" beyond the eontraet for the new bniUHng."

On Mr. and Mrs. Sehofiehl's removal to Gnelph, and
consequent resignation of their emijloyment unilcr the
Company, the Committee, at the end of the year 18(51), had
resolved to present him with ten guineas in aeknowledg-
ment of his long and valuable services as Chemong school-
master. 'J'he amount having been forwarded to him in
May, 1870, he wrote on the 8th June following to the
Treasurer, acknowledging —

"The receipt of £10. 10,?. as a donation from the New Eng-
landCoinpauy; and in returning thaidvs fortheir kind liberality
to two of their old servants, I confess my inability to coniniand
language to express our {gratitude for their remembrance of us.

"In reference to the questions contained in your very wel-
come letter, 1 shall, to the best of my ability, answer when I
see Mr. Kennedy ; but as we desire to tender our gratitude
to you for your benevolence, 1 thought 1 would take the liberty
of writing to you also.

" In regard to the kind of tenure suitable for Tndians, I have
to say first, your late agent, de; r Mr. Gilmour, and myself
have sj)ent much time in endeavouring to impress the mind of
the Indians with the advantages arising from the cultivation
of the soil in pieference to the uncertainty of depending on
the chase for a livelihood, invariably the auswer was, 'the land
is not our own, and it is too strong.'

" We used every argumeut to show, that although the land
certainly was not theirs to dispose of, it was their own to get
oft' all the crops they could. But wc found that this answer
was not strictly true ; and the conviction, which amounts al-
most to a certainty, that it was only an excuse to relieve them
from working their land.

" What action, then, should be taken for the welfare of this
peculiar people ? for it is our opinion that no tenure of land
could be made at present to induce them 1o farm as a general

1^^-

luwc
myself
liud of
ivation

mg on

iUl

land

to get

of this
)f land
lionural

1S70.]

RICK AM) CIIKMON'O LAKES STATION,

173

rule; yet 1 iviiu'iiibcr Mr. Listor saying he liad seen Indians
wlio were good farmers, and well to do ; no (' al)t this is true,
but they are rare exceptions.

" Then, ayani, the land at l?ioe Lake is not stony, and somo
of the ()eoi)le hired out their land to bo worked on aliar^s by
white men, and so general did this system become that the
Government of Canada passed a law to suppress the evil.
Then I refer you to the Alnwick band ; they have 3000 acres of
as fine land as any in the province, yet they do not use it, and
our Government has been trying to induce them to sell out and
go further into the Ulterior. But what course shall we take
in regard to our Indians, seeing that ouo of three must occur :
eitlier the Indian must work his land himself, or go further
back and let the wiiite man come in, or else he must work at
sometiiing else ? 1 know of nothing that would meet the emer-
gency so well as ' willow-basket making,' and nowhere could
the land and locality be more suitable than Chemong. The
demand for willow baskets (or even the raw willow) is, I be-
lieve, without limit, for we spent mucli time and thought in
gathering information on this subject years since, and there
are numbers of interesting young Indians who, I think, could
be induced to take hold of it ; and once gain their confidence
and interest in the matter, they would be in ])ossession of a
mechanical trade at once pleasant and profitable; besides this,
the Indian a|)pears a basket-maker by nature, only the kind
they now make are of 'bhick oak s[)lints,' a very infu'rior ar-
ticle, and only fetch a poor price; these baskets the women
cai-ry on their backs, and peddle them through the country.
The Indians are slow at working out a new idea, although it
is equally true they are by nature very clever and ingenious.
1 have often been surprised at the dexterity in turning out
useful articles out of poor material by the aid of a knife ; they
are highly gifted, yet very improvident, rather a strange com-
pound. In view of what I have just written, I would suggest
the erection of a 'Willow Factory' in (should the Indians
come from a distance) the centre of the estate, on the base-
line shown on my map, with a practical man to teach them the
art of basket-making; the factory to be made warm and com-
fortable in winter and cool in summer; the hours of labour to
be, say eight per day, and liberal vvages. T le reason why a

I'M!

'! i

rf !■)■■

171

KICK AND CIIKMONC; l.AKKS STATION.

1 1870.

^li-

Itictdiy in n'('(iiMiii('ii(lc(l is, tlic Ituriiiii liiis a poor liciul to Htiirt
on liis own i'('s|)oiisil)ility, but nerds soini! )iii' to tliink lor iuiil
(lii'cct liini. IJy Mr. (lilnioiir's inst i-uctions, wo phuitcd ono
and ii lull' iifivs of willows many years since!, but thoy wero on
too lii<;li land, and did not thrive well, J\Ir. Uobortp was |)rt'-
])arinji; land for willows, but tlun-o were none planted when wo
left. Von R|K'ak of allurinj]; Indiana from a distances to Che-
monir. Indians are very timid and suspicions, and if they are
invited to move to Chemonji;, they might say, ' You have poor
huntin<^. How shall we live ?' The Aj;ent replies, '(>//, «•«
havt' Ubcrlji of laiul, and we havr a willuw-lKiskct fnciory in
tchir/i wc ivill (jive you and i/onr childrrn plcnfi/ of work and
(food pa If.'' By such inducementa, I presume, you would have
t'hi'mong inhabited by a j^oodly number of fndians, especially
when we r(Mn(>mber there are so many advantafi;es and privi-
leij[es enjoyed there that are not found at any other Indian
settlement. It is very desirable that more Imlians should re-
side there, as tlii're is plenty of room, especially as the mis-
sionary is now on the estate, and the teacher could attend to a
much larf^er number of children, particularly as the boardinj^
department is (I understand) di9[)ensed with, which rather
surprised us, as that was a subject we urged u|)on Mr. Q'\\-
niour years since, but he replied he did not desire a ehanj^o
in the school whilst he lived.

" We also broui^ht the matter before Mr. lloberts for this
reason, that the money spent in feeding and clolhing u fow
might be laid out in clothing over a large number of (ihildren
out of the school, for the greater part of them are so poorly
clad that the parents make it an excuse for not sending them
to school ; thus many of them grow up idle aiul worthless.
But Mr. lloberts declined to take action in the matter.

'* And now will you please to cast your eye on the map
which I have drawn to the best of my recollection of the sur-
roundings of the ('hemong estate. The base-line which is to
run through is an admirable idea, and you will observe what I
would particularly draw the Company's attention to, viz. a
floating bridge, to render the estate accessible at all sensotis.
The greatest drawback, and a most serious one to those who
reside there, is the difliculty of access, the danger also, and
sometimes the impossibility of getting either way, renders the

Ll '

1870.

lH7t».]

iJich; AM) (:iii:M()N(i i„\ki;s stapiov.

175

a f(HV

li 1(1 roil

poorly

>r them

I'tlileas.

(

phict' vci'v object iiiiiaMf ; fur iii-^laiifi', wIicm wr were i^clliii;j;
iiiali'i'i.ils (I liiit had lo cuiiii' [i\ \\n\vv) loi' (lie iiiissioiiarv'a
rcsitleiK'c, oil two (liHtTciit tri|).s uilh tlu^ hcow tlio lior.st.'a
hcfaiiir iiiimaiiauicabic, and each taiio oiio Iioi'hc lopplcMl over
tliL' .<i(k' of tlie Hi'ow ; t'ortuiiatcly, liov\i,,c;r, we suct'i'cdiul in
getting liotli to land. Of coiiivsc! we have; liad iiiaiiv liair-
brcadtli l'h .-apcrt dm iiii^ our protracted rcsidtioce, botli by water
and ice. Tlie Moating bridge would obviato every diilieidtv,
aiiddoaway willi daMu;er. Also tlx* value o\' i\\c proper/ 1/ iroii/il
be ilunhlctl. Mut is it feasible? Ves, for tliey are beeoiiiiii^
coMiiiioi). Is it coHtly ? No, for there i.s abundance of cedar-
timber all round the place, and the Indians an; excellent hands
at preparing timber and layiiii^it down too ; with the oversi^^'bt
of a competent man they would complete it. The entire
len^Mliofthe bridi^c would not bo over (!()() foi.L. A similar
one was built last year a nnle lont^ over (.'benioiif^ I/ilu! I'roui
the village of Hridj,'noi'tb, terminatiii;i; at the foot of a farm
which, I think, once l)eloii^e(l t) thu Company. I say no
more about the proposed (loatiiii,' brid<;e e.\ce|)t to ask you to
refer to your own nia|) of the estate, for it is my conviction tho
south end of th(! proposed bridi;(; would terminate on property
beloui^ing to the ('omj)any. lieforc I close, please allow me
to make another HU^'u;estion, that is concerninu; the firewood
on tho estate; under any circum.stauces economy in the us(> of
the wood outj;ht to be [)ractise(i, but should an additional
number of Indians be admittiul, tlu'y would, of course, make
clearing's and consume wood ; and as it is ^ettinfj; scarce
all round, it would be well to bear in mind that tho Intlians
be reminded to bo careful, — it is not altoi^ether the usin<r, but
the destruction of wood to which I allude, more particulai'ly if
lire ^ets into the woods, tho bark of the treea gets burned,
and then they die and fall.

" If tho few suggestions I have presumed to make are worthy
of the Com |)any'8 consideration, I shall be most hap[)y to fur-
nish any information that we can obtain, or are in possession
of, to furllier tlu'ir operations amongst that |)eoplo with whom
we lived and laboured, and for whose spiritual and secular
welfare wo still fool tho most lively interest, and although ab-
sent from them, still cherish a parental sympathy for their

' ii M

11-b

eini

176

RICE AM) CHEMOXU LAKES STATION.

[Ib7u.

On the 17tli July, 1H7(), Mr. Roberts wrote as follows:—

" Your last letter was aiixious<ly expected by tbe whole coni-
muiiity at Cliemoiig. Important interests depended upon
your decisions. We iiad confidence in Providence and the
Company thut good and benevolent measures would be
adopted: and our faitli was r(nv u'ded. Everything we can
reasonably desire is acceded to; and I am requested by the
Indian comniunitv to thank the Com|)any for the favours con-
ferred and the j)rivilege8 atlbrded. We are now m the midst
of harvest; every Indian capable of work is engaged at good
wages among the farm<'rs, for aa much time as they can spare
from their own farms. As soon as tiie press of woriv is over,
we shall commence the construction or im[)rovemeut of the
new road, towards which assistaiute has been granted ; and I
hope to be able to have it in good order before winter. We
shall also, as labour is available, stone a portion of the land on
the School Farm now lying usel(>ss. The rocks in that part
of the estate lie very thick, but most of them can be I'aised
with our present appliances, and drawn away on the stone
boat; others can be removed by blasting: and when the laud
is once cleared it is excellent.

" I have procured materials for the map ; and will proceed
with the survey and minute delineation and description of the
estate, as directed, as soon as I have completed the account for
the half-year ending liOlh of .Tunc. 1 hope the Company will
exercise a little indulgence in point of time about the map, as
the survey will occupy some time ; and I have many and varied
duties to attend to, none of which can be neglected. The map
shall be as accurate as circumstances will permit.

" We have commenced to give dinner to the Iiulian children
who are attending school, and who are regular and well-
behaved. The {)arents are grateful, and the young people
much pleased. The school is tilled every day ; there has
never been such a good attendance since tlie Institution was
established. I will endeavour to make the expense to the
Company as small as possible by providing the greater part of
the food within ourselves. I will send you a school report
for the last half-year, and a statement of the expense of the
dinner to the end of the first month. Mr. Crook accepts the

[1870.

:)ws: —

lo cnm-
l ii|)()n
iiitl the
luld be
wo can

by tlie
irs con-
millet
at good
m spare

Is over,
t of the

; and I
ir. AVe
! land on
;hat part
be raised
lie stone

the laud

proceed
)n of the

oiint for

)iiny will
[^ iHiip, as
nd varied

The map

children
uid well-
people
Ihere baa
ition was
le to the

iv part of
|ol report

se of the

^epts the

1870.]

niCK A I) llIKMONfJ LAKES STATION.

I / I

salary ns (ixcd by tlie C'oiii[)any, af prc.-^eiit, vi/. ,tT)(), and CI
[)('r head |)er uniiiiiii for the cliihlrt-n who rci^idtirly attend
school; thoiigii tills will be a bar-.' liviiiL,' ; hut ho is inlcrr^^ii'd
in liie peoph' and ids work. lie wdl soon, al:<o, be aide to
speak llie Indian, if tliat is considered any adv.nita;,'e. 1 gave
a temperance picnic to ihe Indians at my own r.xpcnse.
About 150 took |)art in the entertainment ami recreations.
1 also invited my white friends to join us, and bring thoir own
provision.^, wliieh they did to the number of ab(jut 300. The
wlioie passed oil in good order.

" I will attend lo your directions about tlie buiidiu'' of new
Indian houses, barns, stables, etc. After receiving your letter,
J went to Buckiiorn JNIiils, ami [)iireliased u scow-load of
lumber on very reasonable terms. 1 also induced ]\Ir. Sliaw,
the proprietor, to (k-liver it at (.'hemong tree of expense. Then
the day after the scow was brougiit down by the steam-boat, 1
obtaint'd twenty Indians for a day to unloa 1 the lumber
without charge (1 gave them dinner), which they cheerfully
did, as they had an interest in it. Some of it is for the re-
building of the teacher's houst', etc., and the rest to be kept in
stock for the use of the Indians, to be purchased by them at
half-price, as directed. J3ut it has yet all to be drawn by the
team from the landing to a safe and convenient place. The
best way to arrange the distribution of the lumber, according
to my judgment and experience last y(;ar, is to repeat tlu* plan
adopted then. T paid for the whole, then measured it out, aa
it was recjuired for the various objects, and entered the diiferent
quantities under the respective heads in the account, as the
lumber was recjuired, and, of course, at cost price.

" 1 am preparing to burn a kiln of lime for the n«w building,
and lime is much needed every year for chunking and white-
washing the Indian houses, and in building cellars i'ov the new
liouses ; we are out of the way of getting it, unless we burn
it, except with great trouble and expense. 1 hope by burning
a kiln to have suflicient for the eontem[)lated alterations, or
iiii|)rovements, and repairs; also, to lime-wash the Indian
houses, and to keep a store for i'uture use. in oi-der to burn
lime we have to chop down dead pine (of which we have
l)lenty) suitable for that use, cut and split them into cord-
wood, and draw about twelve cords to the kiln ; then draw

'•r

i :

■ f
i

ITK

UK K AND CI1P:M0N0 LAKKS STATION.

[IS70.

liiiK'-stoiic, and (ill tlio Uilii in a partii'iilar way. It lias lli "ii
t(j hi' l)urnL'tl tor six days and iii^lits, r((|iiiriiii,' <.'i)iistaiil
attcnlioM. It is a inorc dillicMlt and laborious procoss than
burninL,' lime with coal, as in tlic^ old country. I h ivo had a
practical huildci- to cx-iniiiic jjarticularly the teacher's house.
The old loi,' huildni'^' will, of C()urse, havi; to be taken away.
\V(> lind the west winjjf will have to be taken down ; which can
be soon done, and the materials will work u|> aij;ain. 'I'he
boards of which the walls are composed are laid upon a rouu;h
stone foundation, without sills, which should be of ceilar and
laid U|)on the stones, and the buttom board nailed upon tlu'in,
which nuikes the buildiiiLj better, more durahh^ anil secure.
As it is, it would ruck the wniu; to move it, and I lind it would
not be adapted to the size or form of the cellar wall ; and that
will have to be built higher, to form a foundation for the
addition; at presi'ut the west part of the buildiiiu; is so low
ihat when the snow is goini^ in >|)rinLi^ the lloer is often
flooded. When it is completed I will send you a plan of tin;
alterations. 1 will have it done at as ' moderate ' expense as
]-)ossible ; but the value of llu* work will exceed the nuiney
ex|)euded, as much of the woi'k will be done within ourselves,
and there will be some free labour given by the Indians.
AVHlh the facilities we now have, and proper management, I
believe every pound expended ellccts improvements on the
estate of double that value. The Company do not ytato
whctlu'r they wish the outside of the church and scho(d-houao
walls to be boarded where the plaster has fallen olf. Iir addi-
tion to the a[)pearance, it would preserve the walls from the
weather, and thereby make the buildings more durable. The
cx|)ense wouhl not be much. Perha[)s you will mention it in
your next letter.

" Tn refer(!nce to the Indians cutting cord-wood for sale on
their lots ; this has been done since I came here, but not sold
to the public. We need all they are willing to cut for sale, in
addition to what they reipiire for tlurir own use. Our Indian
JJaud has been settled here since the spring of Ls;30, a period
of forty years, numbering from one hundred to (as now) one
hundred and fifty people. Until the timber in tiny locality
becomes scarce, there arc only two kinds of wood worth the
labour of cutting and drawing, vi/.. ma[)le and beech ; when

[1S70.

1 870. J

HICK AND rili:M()N(} LAKKS STATION.

iri)

[\a thon

onstiiiit
s8 tliiin
D lirtd li
^ lumso.
.11 away.
I\icli cau
111. 'I'lu)
a roui:;h
L'llar and
on tluMii,

it would
ami that
11 for the
is so low
'\.-i ot'tt'n
an of the
'xpriiso as
hu moiu-y
ovirsc'lvea,
) Indiana,
gcinont, 1
tH on the
not state
lOiil-houso
liv addi-
froin the
ible. The
litioii it ill

It'or sale on
It not sold

tor rill

|)ur Indian

a period

h now) one

loo;

WOl'

til the

.'ch ; when

tlioHo nro done, white oal(, ash, and elm arc nsrd. Most of tiie
hi'st wood on the estate (as may be sn|)|)os(Ml) has been used
I'lir fuel by llic Indians; we. hav(> now to draw it two miles
and a hull'. I'rcviou.i to my eomiiifjf, eord-wood wii.s boii'j;liL
from the fanners, and dr.iwn by them, foi- the use of the
teacher's house and seliool. I lhon;j[ht it was better for tho
Indians to earn that money, and I pnt them in the way of
iloinj^ so; and, of eonrse, I pay inde|)en(U'ntly for what is nseii
in the Mission House. There is no market for it on tht; olhi'r
side of the lake; the farmers have plenty of their own y(!t,
niid it is too tar to draw it to I'eterboro'. The bteam-boats
are supi)lied by the whites, for Indians eaiuiot eompcte with
them in the labour market. By the |)rc'siMit plan tlu? Indians
are eai'uinj^ as nuich as they are dis[)ost'd to do, or it is |)rolit-
able for them, in Ihia item of work ; and all the fuel on tho
estate will be needed in the future by the villa<j;e and institu-
tion. The towns and cities of Canada are <;eiierally situateil
on the lar<ce rivers and lakes, so that cord-wood can be floated

on scows.

liut

e\c

u tl

le sources irom wlnjli it has been

liitlierto jTot in that way are failing', and nnrrow-gaujU[e railways
are being projected and constructed from the cities to the
back-country, partly with a view of obtaining a vast su()ply of
fuel. The small inland towns and viilagt.'s are su[)plied by the
fanners, in winter, when tiicy can go anywhere in the woods
on the snow, with sleighs, over rough land and rocks, swamps,
marshes, and lakes, with heavy loads. The simple construction
of a sleigh renders it cheaper, less liable to break, and more
easily repaired than any other vehicle. It is also loaded and
unloaded with greater ease and rapidity than a waggon 'ould
bo: and the lowness of the load, compared with the size i . the
base, brings the centre of gravity so near the ground that it is
not easily overturned. It is necessary that wood should bo
well seasoned before it is burned ; it is therefore chopped and
split into four feet lengths, and from six to nine inches
diameter; then diiwn to the houses the winter previous to its
being used ; beyond that time it degenerates. It should be
stored in a shed, to be sheltered from the sun and rain. It has
then to be cut with a ' buck-^aw on a saw-horse ' into two-feet
lengths, and split finer, which prepares it I'oi the stove. It
may be expected that the Indians are prodigal in the consump-

N 2

180

IMCK AND CliKMUNO L.VKKS STATION.

[1870.

■f I

tioii of wood. The oldest lioiist's linvi' lartjc open Hrc-pliiccs,
with wide cliiiuiioyH, und tliou;,'li now all Imvt' cuokiiij^-rttovc.s,
yot ill tho cold wt'utlier tlicy havo a lar;,'(» firo in the open (ire-
placT, and tli(! Htovc goiiiij too in tho niiddlo of the? room. Tho
firoH arc kopt in most of tho nifj;Iit ; tlicy j^'ct ii|) now and then,
niak(> lip tli(.' liri'H, tidu; a siiudvc, and ^o to bed aij;ain. In
Hiimiiior tiioy put tlu' stoves out. None of the hranehcH of
tlio trccH 1(>HS than four or Hix iiu'he.s through are conHidered
worth the trouble of }etchiii<,'; what is called the bru.sh (that
is, the small underwood and tlie tops of the trees, is entirely
useless ; it is piled in heaps as the woik <^oes on, to be burned
when dry the followiiif; summer. Taking; out the wood suit-
able for fuel helps, of course, to clear the land ; but after that
nuieh remains standint? that can be made no use of, which is
cut down, ' l()f:;:4e(l and burned oil',' to |)!'epare the t^roiind for
cultivation. On experiments made upon vari<ius kinds of
wood, it is ascertained that on an avera;,'e forty per cent, of its
wei^dit when lirnt cut ia water. One liuiidr(>(l paits of green
maple, when dried loses forty-tive |)er cent. A eonl of green
beech-wood weighs nearly three tons, and the ordinary season-
ing of a year will rediiei^ its wi'ight to about one ton and a half.
It will be nwu from this, that every facility ought to be given
for tho evaporation of a constituent which, although of vital
importance to the growth of wood, is worse than useless after
the tree ia cut, either for fuel or manufacturing purposes. It
adils to the weight, i iiices decay, and absorbs the caloric
during the process of combustion. All things considered, we
shall henceforth have to economize the fuel on the estate, foi
the sake of the Jndians ; and also see that the young men have
an opportunity of earning what nuist necessarily be spent for
the supply of the community and the institution.

" You will find the items of the Willow Plantation in the
accompanying account; I could not give them before it was
completed. Such work, when done upon new and rough land,
requires time. There has been nothing entered upon this
account until now.

" The few items entered for the Boarding departiront were
j)rocured after closing the last account, and before receiving
your letter of December 23rd ; they are needed now.

" J am satisfied with your decision respecting the Buildini::

[1870.
re-pliici'f,

;l(r.Htt)V('H,

(»pon iiiHv
.oin. Tlio
luul tlu'ii,

riuiolieH of
roMHidoriMl
iriish (tluit
iti I'litiivly

\w buriieil

\V()i)(l suit-
t after thivt
of, whicli is

around tor
i^ kinds of
• cent. t)f its
•ta of svcon

,rd of J^M-l'lMl

nary scuson-
n and a luilf.
to bo fiivtMi
U!j;h of vital
urtoU'SS aftiT
urposes. It
the caloric
nsidi-rod, nvc
estate, foi
ms men have
be spent for

itation in the
jefore it was
Id roni,di land,
Id npon this

artivent wore

lore receiving

liow.

ItUe BuiUliiif,'

1S70.]

HICK ANO f IIKlVlONd LAKKS STATION

IHI

ncfoiint. I will send n n'|)ort of tlie seliov)! lor llie lust half-
year, niul write on other subjects, shortly."

On tlic lOtli July, 1870, the CV.mniittoo "granted 15
to the l{('V. 10. If. l{()l)(>rts, for the purpose of pl!iniin<^
willows on tli(! Company's Chcnion^ Ivstiite, it bcin;^ dc-
sirablo to enc(jurii^L' tlio ninkiM<^ of willow hnskcts l»y tlu)
Iiidiuns of tlmt district.

On tlu! 15th Anf,'ust, lH7o, the Kcv. !•:. \i. KoburU
wrote : —

" You desired to have a statement, at the end of a month, tif
the probable expensi' of provitliii;^ dinner for all tlie Indian ehil-
dreu ref^ularly atteiidini,' school. From twenty to twenty-live
clnldroii have b(.'en su|)plied with a comfortable dinner daily, in
their dinin^'-rooin, from the commencement of the [)resent half
year. 1 endeavour to supply the food as unich as possible
from the produce of the .''hool farm. NV^hat has been recpiired
ill addition to that does not exceed si.v dollars lifty cents. If
we take an averajije of twenty dinners per day or about 500 per
luontli, then tlw expcMise is about three farthinj^s per dinner
for each child. The cost will vary a little in dift'erent seasons,
according to the food we have to {)rovide. 1 think the neces-
sary outlay for this department for the half year will be from
eif^ht to ten pounds. The arranp;ementa of the institution are
now very complete, and after the Company's directions are
carried out and the improvements now in progress are aceom-
plisjied, the Indians will, I trust, increasingly ap[)reeiate their
privileges and continue to im[)rove by their great advantages,
and we shall endeavour to build upon the substantial founda-
tion thus laid. The improvement of the race must necessarily
be slow, but the progress made during the last two yf\T,rs baa
exceeded my most sanguine expectation.

" We have done some work on the new road, chiefly in con-
structing bridges and ' cross-ways' over low or w t places,
where there might be a swamp or a creek crossing the line of
road. Such places, while left in their natural state, are gene-
rally im|)assable in the spring and fall, and small creeks flow-
ing from springs in the woods seldom freeze hard enough in

—Hi- ixMtftM hrfaMiiM

:; :t

:i;';i

182

UICi; AM) CII L.MONO LAKES STATION.

[187u.

tn^'i

wiuter to carrv a team. Tliero wa.s one siu-h on the new road
which gave us niueh truuhli' last winter ; it is now bridj^ed.

" Last spring there was a great flood in almost every pai't of
the province, which v*aused much destruction of property and
loss of life in some pia"ffs. As this portion of the country
especially ahounds witii lakes and rivers, it was sure to sutler.
Tlie water in the lakes rose from six to eight feet, and in the
river Otonabee iifteen fett above the average height. Indians,
who believe they can remember this district for si.xty years,
liever knew tho lakes so high before. Almost every bridge,
j)ier, and wharf was more or less injured, and many carried
away. Tiie lar'/e mills were in danirer. One of our most en-
terprising and extensive millowners (31 r. JSamuel Dickson, of
Peterborougli) \\as standing on a pier connected with one of
his mills on tlie Otonabee, directing the eti'orts that were being
made for the security of the mill, when suddenly the pii-r was
lifted fnun its foum'ition and [)recipil. .ed into the impetuous
torrent, wl.ere it was soon dashed to pieces. j\lr Diekscjii
clung to the iloating timber, but before he couhl be extricati'il
he was so crushed and mutilated that he died on the following
day. The waters around us rose day by day, like the ancient
delugi', with awful grandeur; the lowest parts of the atljacent
country were subuu'rged. Portions of the Company's estate
laid ui'dcr water for two or three weeks. Some of the Indian
dwellings were accessible only by a boat or canoe. The pro-
perty sustained littli' damage, however, as 1 took the precau-
tion to have the fences, etc. secured. Hut the bridges to t.'ie
wharf, which 1 had made as 1 suppt)sed so secure last fall,
were raised bodily from the foundation ami carried away like
rafts, and then they broke uj) and scattered iri the lake, not-
withstanding the pi'ecaution I took to chain them to stidas
and load them with stone. The replacing of the bridges will
recpiire so\ne labour.

'• Some tinu^ since you inquired whether any Indians from
other bands were coming to settle at CluMuong, and whetluT
it would facilitate that object to advertise in one or more
public journals the privileges which are lu're allorded to In-
dians of good character by the New England ('om|)any. I \\ill
mention the diflicultii's which stand in the way of carrying out
that |ihin. Kt. Tlu re are few Indians who takt' or n'ad iiew^--

[1870.

now roail

>ry part ot

)perty and

»e country

L> to snlVer.

iind in the

. Indian;*,

jixty years,

•cry briili^is

any oarriml

Lir most v.n-

Dit-'kson, of

with one of

; wore bein;.;

tlie pier was

e impetuous

Mr Dickson

)o extricated

ho following

i> the ancient

the adjaeent

lanv's estate

l"ho Indian

e. The pro-

|; the preeaa-

idges to t!ie

lure hist tail,

iod away like

he lake, uot-

liMii to stivki^

bridges will

Indians iVom

and whothor
lone or n\ore
ItVorded to In-
lipany. 1 wi'l

carrying out
\ov n'ad i>i'Wt<-

1870.]

RICi: AM) CHLMONfi LAKliS STATION.

183

papers; indeed 1 do not know an Indian who subscribes lor
one; nor have I heard of an instance, exci'pt about ton or
fifteen years since JNIr. llulbert published the Pcdnhbiiii (Peep
of day), a paper in Indian and J'higlisli ; but not many mim-
bers Were pi-intod before it had to be given up, as the ex[)on.se
was large and very tew subscribi rs ciuild be obtained, it is
highly probable that some of the numerous tribe at Grand
Kiver may be readers of newspapers, but 1 am not aware of ,
Tliis is rather a singular fact, ami one to be regretted. 1 am
endeavouring to cultivate among our peo[)le hei'c> a taste for
reading, by eircuhiting weekly, from house to hou^-e, various
suitable periodicals, tracts, and interi'stiiig bodks, of which we
have now a small library. Ihit it wouhl be a mistake to infer
from tlie indispos Jon of th(> Indians to read that the ])eople
arc without iuformatio.i on general subjects or current events.
1'hey have a great love of talking if not of readinLr, lor which
their habits of working, hunting, and camping together give
them ample opportunity ; they are also very acute and in<pii-
sitive, 80 that little escapes them. While, therefore, such in-
formation bv advertisement as that refcrretl to might be in

10 public journals for months without ever coming under the
eye of an Indian ; yet whatever is going forward in one settle-
ment (and es[)eeially the material adv.iutages which are pos-
sessed by any band) is (piickly and fully known by the rest.
In this way all the iiulucemcnts to settlement by Indians at
Chemong are known at the other Reserves, liut, liiid, no
Indian can leave the band with which he is identified and join
aiiothe* without foi'feiling his annuity (about which tln'y are
very tenacious) in connection with that band. In relation to
the aborigines, the province of Ontario was divided into dis-
tricts. I'lie land of each district was valiu'd at a certain rate
per aci'o, ami the interest of the aggregate sum is paid hy.lf
yearly to the Indians iiiclmh-d in that district, which consti-
tutes their annuity. Aiul, in aildilioii, each band has a lie-
serve of Laiul in a particular locality for their settlement. The
aggregate annuity of the several bands remains the same what-
ever clianges by death, birth, or emigralion may take place.
If a band becomes less in uumbi'r, those who remain receive
propnrtionably more annuity. While, howeviM-, an individual
Indian or familv ceases to receive his annuitv from the fund

Tt3

184

KICE AND CHEMONG LAKES STATION.

[1870.

t ■

' i I-

■ '■ r

i':

ai);)r()[)rial('(l lo tlie band lie Icavt-a, he may bo received into
another band In' ai)[>licatioii and a vote of tlio peo[)le, but as
Huch accession to their ninnbera diiiiiniMhes their individual
annuity by allowing others to sliare it, as may be expected, it
is sehlom an application ot" tlie sort is acceded to. It son e-
tinics occurs tliat an Indian, from some private reason, wishes
to leave one bund and unite with another, but the diificulty
referred to stands in tlie way. And this regulation, on the
whole, works well, as it is a curb to caprice and nomadic life.
]iut it will be seen tliat it prevents any large accession to the
C'hemong band by enn"gration. To move a whole band to
Chomong would, i believe, require the land apportioned by
treaty to that band to be ceded to the Government, and the
Indians allowed to settle in another locality and still retain
their annuity, together with the interest of the money for
which tile land formerly possessed by tliem bad been sold, all
which would retpiire tlu' ap|)roval and action of the Indian
department of the (rovernment. And in case these dilllculties
were overcome, it would still be very unlikely that the Indians
would be willing to move, excej)t in solitary instances; if any
persuasion were used to induce them to come to C'hemong,
tlu'v would immediately suspect that there was some interested
motive at work, and they would expect to be almost wholly
supported ; there would scarcely be any limit to their exac-
tions. The growth and improvement of the band must be
chielly internal and progressive. Hut for the epidomic among
the infants last year, tin? increase would have been iifteen, and
the decrease six ; as it was tlu'ro was a clear increase of two.
There is now a good prospect both that the present members
of the band will improve morally and materially, and that there
will be a steady increase in their number.

"Is it the wish of the Company to insure the buildings — the
mission -house — churcii — teacher's house — school houne — barn,
and stables? They are not, I ho])e, in much diinger ; but they
are worth from £loO() to dUlTOO currency. They might be
insured for about "half their value, sav £1U0 on the mission
bouse, £200 on the cliurch, £200 on the teacher's bouse, £50
or £7'") on the school-house, and £100 on the l»arn and stables,
or about £lO(M). The rate would be 1^ |>er cent., most in
premium notes foi' ihiee years, which are only collected in

[1870.

1870.]

HICli AND CIIKMO.VO LAKES STATION.

185

ived into
e, but as
iidividiiiil
pcctcil, it

It son u-
iii, wislies

tlillirulty
)n, oil the
nadic lite,
ion to the
I baud to
tioiu'd by
it, and tl»e
(till retain
:iu>ney for
n sold, all
he Indian
dilUculties
he Indians

:es ; it' ii»y

Cheiiion;^',

interested

ost wliolly

tlirir exac-

I must be
mic among
fd'tcen, and
ase of two.
it members

that tliere

dings— the

II Me — barn,
; but they

V might be
the mission
liouse, £50
uid stables,
I., most in
collected m

case of necessity, aeeording to the fires that may occur. As
far as I know, none of the buildings on the estate have yet
been insured. Tiierc lias been no tire, exce[)t at some of the
Indian houses, but th(^re is no knowing what may happen in
the future. About 12.00 (h)llars would have to be i)aid at the
time of insuring."

The Treasurer, on the 7th September, 1H70, wrote on
the subject of accounts and vouchers, and forwarded a map
of the Cliemong estate, with suggestions for a floating
bridge between Mud Lake and Little .Mud Lake, where
an island was supposed to allbrd some aid to tin; establish-
ment of communication towards Lakelield.

On the -Ath October the Committee granted £10 to the
Rev. E. R. Roberts, towards the erection of a shed for
basket-making at Chemong, and directed that the boarding
he had suggested for the exterior of the church and school-
house should be done.

lu the middle of October the Tr(;asurcr received a letter,
dated 30th Se|)tember, 1870, from the Rev. E. R. Roberts,
wliich was as follows : —

" I have forwardt'd to your address the first section of the
map of tlio Ciiemong Estate, exhibiting the Mission pri'inises,
the Indian lots, and farm produce for tliis year. 1 will com-
plete and send the remainder with as little delay as possible.
Though not executed in an artistic style, yet it will give at
one view a correct and minute representation of the way in
which the land is laid out. An idea will be obtained of the
buildings, the roads, ami the lields, and what they contain, as
surely and much more (piickly than by personal inspection. I
went ovei- the whole grouinl, and re-measured ahnost every
portion as the maj) progressed. Where it was practicable, the
various portions of land are drawn according to scale, and tlio
relative |)ositions are invari;ibly maintained. Tiie roads and
fenciiiir are larger than the scale would have allowed, in order
to show them better. The object I tricil to accom|ilisli was to
give il bird's-eye view of everything that would he of interest
or give information belonging to the estate, to the Coin[)any ;

^fi i

'■■' ]

ll' I

IHG

HUE AM) CIII,.\1()N(; I-AKI.H STAIION.

|l^i70.

niid fur tliirt I (lovinl,(;(l fVom llic hcilc wlicn: it k(m;Iii<'(1 to hi;
iKfccHHary. Tlio l<!ii<;iii;^ on Homo of tlio lots in not yot «v)iii-
plt'tcd, though tli(! iiin|) n;pi'(!HfiitH tlniiii iin Ijoinj^ mo; tliirt Im in
^>^^U'.r to t;xliiljit tlic diviision of tlio IIcIiIm iiiid l(<tH uion; tlis-
tiiictly. Anil I niuy Ihto iTiniml you lliat tlicre could wciircoly
b(J Biiid to ho !i HNliIciont rcnco on tin; cMlato wlii-n I caiiK; lo
(/licinon;.^ ; I lound tlicin in a vvoi'hc Htato than I cxiioctcd
bcioro I fnlly ioHpcdcd tlioni. 'riio.so conncrhMl with the
model farm and puhlu; roadH were in a pcrrcL't wn-cK. I havo
had them all rchnilf,, iil.iliziii}^ tin; old material a.s luuch a.s
poHrtihli!. Thirt important work will he ahoiit eom|ileted hy
next HeaMon. 'I'heii I hhall havi; put U[) houk; miles of cedar
iiMMH'H, which will h(! {.^ood lor more than ;i j^cjicration to
come; and tho work will havo bi;on done at ti very modcrutu

t'XpOllH(i.

" I could only olitain interior ualer-coloiirH for the map in
]*eterhor<»uj^h. \Vh(;n you write you may kindly inlorin inu
v\ hctther the mapH thus drawn will answ(;r tlu; purpo-.e intended.

1 thought tin; he.st id(;!i Would he {^'iven liy drawing;
lii'rtt ill Hcctions, and uClerwanLs on (ni(; .iheirt.

10 chtulo

We hdiall not ho ahlo to rebuild tin; leacherH house tliis

fall. Mr. liahh, whom I had <'n''a''e(l to do it,

was comiH

Hod

to ^'O to ICii;^land under the iollowin^^ ciiwiim-tances. A nephew
had (;mi}/rated to the IStatcs; while then; h(; wrute 1o .Mr.
Uabb to incpiire whether there; was an o|)i'nin^ lor business in
J'et<'rbor()U;.;h. H(; was (Micoura^ed lo <:ome, hut had not hi en
)i(!r(i loii^ helon; it was seen that, th(jufj;h clever, ho was
('X(;i'ediii<f|y dissipated. \lr. deserted hi.s wit'o, who was in ;i
decline and who shortly ulterwards died, leaving two children,
one an inliint. Il(,'r iVicndH in l*]n<.^land din^cted Mr. IJabh to
bring tho childron to tlu;in ; and, haviu;^' also other reasons tor
visiting tho old country, ho to'ik them ahout a month since.
]t wan too lat(; in the season then to iditain anoth(,'r mochanic,
aH they arc all fully engaged on huildings that havo to ho
closed in before winter. .Mr. ('ronk's family are willin": to
jiiako th(; present house do for another win'or, and I shall
bav(! a better op|)ortunily to have everything iKfcossary in
readiness hy tho spring; so that on tho whole the delay will
be an advantage, I have procured the lundter at a low r.ate,
and 1 have had a kiln <d" lime hurnt. I oApect there will be

I H70.

1H70.J

KICK ANI> Cllh.MONO LAKKS H'lATION,

187

(1 to hi;
(il (ri)iii-
li'lH JH ill
on: iliH-
Hc;irc<;ly
ciiUK; 1o

!X|)C'<'tf(l

ntli I.Ik!
I liiiv<;
niK'li a.s
Iclcd \)y
of (;(ilar
atioii to
iiodcrali!

: map in

loriM UHi
lltC'lKlc'd.

10 c'Hlato

ou.sc thirt
[>rii|><'lh!<l

licjjIlcW

1o .Mr.

IIICSH ill

lot, bi cii

Ik; wart

iMH ill a

liiidi'i'ii,

IJald) t.)

i^oiiH for

ill hiiicc.

Kjirliaiiic,

,(; to \h'.

liiiff to

I hliali

fh.sary in

clay will

)\\ ralf,

(.' will Ix;

from 250 to '.{00 ImHliolH of limo in it, w liich to buy and team
it lii-rij woiiid cortt about ^^ZO.OO; lint the coHt of luminla*;-
turiii^^ it within onrMcivcM in not bait tbat hiiim. MonjcjvtM-, in
ull Hiicli w(*iKn tin.' InibaiiH cafii tli(i iiMHicy, wliiidi I think in
an iiii|)oi'tant considuraticjii ; but it rf(juin;rt careful attention
on my part.

" TIk! hifidicr I obtained for tb« IndiaiiH lian b()(!ri oac(''rIy
jiurcha.icd by them at iialf eoHt, uh dirceti-d by the (,'om;>any.
A ;^reat (h-ai more is nMjuic(;d ; many have bcf'ii mueh (b-aj)-
I)Oiiitoii that they could not be Hil|>|died with Huliieient 1o
(•om|dete thi.ir biiibbiif^H nv iiuprovementH. Of eoijivte J hetj
tbat j^ofid li.sc in made o!' all the lumbe-r that irt (^iven out.
'I'lie IndiaiiH wi.sh to luiow whether the (Joiii|)aiiy will allow mo
to Hiipply th(.'iii with Hhint(l<;« on the saim; terms (i.e. halt-
|ii'iee). There iw a Hhiiif^le mill on I'i^eon ljak(;, about hix
mile.s I'njiii lis, where I obtain them. 'I'hey eoHt thero ^"2.(H)
jjer thouhand ( = H.». 'Id ), and there ib a little expeuHo incuirt.'d
in f(;tchiii;^ them. Shinj^le.s la^t from iifleen t(j twenty yearrf.
Many (d" the; Indian houne« have bejii built much lon^^er than
tbut time;, and the rtjoln are bt-ginning to leak, and will re(juiro
rc'-Hbin<^lin^ by hcjiiio meauH bef(jre lonj^j. An ordinary lof^-
boll^^e takes nix tbouHand to hhini^le it. 'J'Ik; Jndiaiirt would
put thi'tii on thems(dveH.

" The erop (if all kinds of produce on the Jndian farms has
been p;ood tliiH y(?ar, beyond an averaf^e for them, owiii^ to
better cultivation ; and every year more land is brou;^ht into
cultivation. It is hurjirisinj^ how the crops have grown so
W(dl this year, considcjrin;.; the drynebs (if the; neas(in : for two
iiKiiiths (if the HumriK.'r tln/ie was not rain sullicient to w(;t the
gniund in this hicality, and the ffeat durinj^ part of the time
was excessive; the water in the lakes is in c(inse(pi(tiice un-
usually hiW— agreat coiitiast to the flu(jd iji spring. L'su illy
the thnnder-sb<iwers folhiw the cjurse (if th(! lakes and rivers,
HO tb;.t land situatcjd as it is here is (iften benefited by iiKiie
frcfjuent siKiWcrs than (ilhir Uicalities.

" A'(; have been favoured with anot her visit by Dr. O'.Meara,
acco npanied by .Judge Smith, from INirt H(ipe. 'J'hey secMiied
t(i be much jileaseil with the present appearance (if llu; Missi'iii,
and tli(j impniVemeiitH goint^ forv\ard on tin; estate. 'I'he
Doctor was particularly |»leahed with the prertcut bcli(iol ur-
rangements.

IHH

UK K ANI» till MONO I\KI:k Nl\lltt\.

I^Tit

" (JcitrfM' (iooHO rcliininl Immc hIkm'IIv Mllcr I rcrcivril llic
(IcciHioii III' tli(> ('iiiii|iiiiiy on tlit> Niiliinl. lie mH<>imIi>(| hi'Ihh
ami livrtl willi iih lor iiImhiI <'ij^lil iiKHitliH iNnlliiii^ isi rlinr^cil
I'dt' liJM liiinni in I lir ncrniinl. IIim nmllni- wmm vrry lliiiiiUiil
lo tlu' t'ninpnnv lor Ihh t'ljiiciil ion, timl lo iih lof lln ciiro liiKcn
of liiin.

" Tlic Hiilijocls rc'IrrrcMl lo in voiii' Irtlrr ol' Till Scplnnlirr
plinll rcfoivo my oiirrlul tillciil ion, uml I will write lo yon
tVccIv on lliom.

" I rorwiU'ij t\ Hliilcmcnl ol'lho hcIiooI lime iiml llio mrt'lin^H
for rcli^ioiiN cxcrciHcH nml iiionil iiisl ruction.

"There iin» hoiik" Ited clot lies lielonf'iiifj; lo llie ('oin|iiiny
thill were in use iit llie ho;irilin;r-hoiiMe. Iitil wliieli are nol, now
needed Ihere. When the UnMidiii;; 1 )e|iinl iiienl. wiis elosrd,
they were wiishcd and |miI away. Will yon Kindly iii^^lnicl.
me what had heller he tlone wilh Ihem'r' I enclose an inven-
tory, showing; also the |iresenl value of I he arlicles. Some of
Ihe Indians liave ap|died lor them. Are I he widows and
invalidn to have tluMii F Shall Ihcy he jMV(>n IVec p or sold lo
lh(> Indians al a reduced price, perhajis hall' Ihe value? I'nl,
HoiiH> who would ne(>d Ihcm mo.sl would not. he aide lo pay
anylhiiifj;.

"I send also 'a dchlor and creditor slalcmeiil (i^iviuf^
totals only) ol the account rendered IlOthol' .lime hist.' if I
understand what is desired; hut. there eaii he no ' halance," an
nil the money is paid hy me hofm-c the account is senl, ami I
draw the rxiwt sum that is thus due to me. There was never
nnv money sent in advance, e\i'ept tor the hiiildiiif.; of tin;
tuissit>t\-luHisi\

"There can he no tiiiih(>f accoiinl. as in IM i*. (Jilinoiir'H
time. whtMi </// thi> timher aviiilahle tor sale was disjioscd ol'.
Since my a^eiu'y there has not heeii a tree sold, and therein
liom^ to sc^ll,

" 1 thanlv you for th(> sketch of llie <^slate. It is correct on
the whid(\ except th(> road lo th(> Indian farms is nol jiroperly
located; but the part ridatinj;' to the ' proposed hiidj^(>' is ex-
oeedinulv inaccur;it<>. I will send \oii full pai'ticulars short Iv.

" Mv brother in-law, Mr. I'ercival \\'rii;ht, w ho waitiMl upon
you al the olllce of tlu^ Compain three ye;irs siiic(> and hecame ,
one of my bondsmen, died o\\ the tlh of this month

1H7«I

UK 1. -\Nlt CIIIAfdNtJ I.AKK.S STMIOV,

]H()

' S/ii/riiir-nf ttf Tlmr mill Onhr itf Iffliiihiii'^ mul Mnml hiKhnn-
luni, mil/ Sr/iiin/ //iiiir.-j, nf /In- t '/ifiimii'/ /inhmi I ii^l il nl nm .

Hi Nii\ Y

McIimipI. |''riiiii |(( f.» I'J A.M. 'I'iiukIiI iiy I'] W'Mir.HTs,

(J ('hook. Mini Advis l{oni.llTs.
Kni^liHli Service, \'\i>\\\ L':i') to |. iwi.
lni|i;iM Service. r'roiii '5 I'.O In H |>.\|.

'I'll l,SI>\ V

lOiinlisli I'riiyer Meeliii!^ tiiiil lii'cliire. (''r'nii 7 to
H.:io r.M.

WkMNKHMA V : -

\''tc!il Mii.-iic, nilli IihI riii'l ion I'roiii 7 lo M ,';() p \i.
'rili'itHKAV ()il(,ern;il(>) : -

'reiii|M'r;iiiee Meel.iiiif I'imim 7 l'» !( \< \\
l''llll»A V :

liiiliiiii I'niyer Mcotiiii,'. I'"ri»iii 7 to H.IJO r.M.

Srlniitl .

Monday, 'I'lrKHKAV, 'riiiniHDAV, I'iuday: —
Kn.m !) to 1 l.:{() A.M. 'I'dicliiiiu;.
I''riiiii I I. MO 1,(1 12 a.m. (..'Iiil(ln;n',s (liniier, fil, wliicli Mr.

('hook |ir('Hiil("«.
I'roiii I'J In I I'.M. licccHH.
I''i'()iii I Id I' I'M. 'I'eficliint^.

I''r()iri .'{ |(» ."» r.M. Suiiie iHiil'iil (Miiplo/irif.iit. for tlie oMfsr
children.
VVkI)Ni;si)AY mikI Sati kdav: —

l''roiii J) to ll.;!(). 'I'eucliiii^, t'olloAed by diiiricr and
wf)rk (»r recrejil ion.
I'm DA V A I ll".l(>fOON :

'I'll*! (iirlH iii.striiclrd in Sewini^ Jnid Knittini,', by .M ra.

CitOOK find A (INKS liollKRTH.

Tivmiirk. — In addition to t*'.'H;liini^ tlin Scilioo), Mr. Crook
assists at flu; iii('f;tiii<.,'s ; (iiiiploy.s tlio children; work.s in tlio
teachers' tieid, wIktc, fu! lias en'cctcd jj;rcat iiii[)rovcrricnt3, to
till! pcrinanent iinproveiiient of the land ; assists in thf; L,'(;iifjral
fann.,.^ and biisiiie.s.s of the institution; studi»'.s Indian; and
iitti'iulH to tlie wants of" his family."

\\\{)

liin \\l> (in ^t^^'ll MMw niMltiN,

|H7I>

! I

'I'lir ( 'omniilli I', nil llir bl NnMiiilMl. IM;(», iiMithrd
iIimI |)ii' |{r\ I'lilwiuil l{ KiiIiiiIm mIimiiIiI lie IiimI nirli iI In
iillm 'liiiiii|i"i III llir ImliimM nii llir > :iiiir liiiii'i im Imiii
111 r liMil lirt'ii Mii|i|i|i((l. \\/. Ill liiill cmmI |iiirf, mill iil-o
In :illtM\ llirm i^i intirli liliiiliri (or lliril liniiMi's n-^ ill! y
Vn|iiirnl

AI-^M lliiil III!" MiniKt'l" Mini lirililiii(< (niiiirrly ii-miI nl llic
liniirdiiij', linii^i' Mlinnld l>i> iIihI riliiilnj iiinuii^Ml llic liiiliiiii
Moiin 11, III llir |{rv. MilwMliI l( HnlirilM* ilimrcl inn im In
jincr, i>r ii-^ In »• {^ilN In llir pnnr

<>ii (lir ^^(ll P( rriiilirr Mr. i'iduiiid II KnIiriN \nnlr im
IoIIowh: -

" I :ini iiiM\ iiMr Ir Irrwinil Ir \i>ii n cmiiiilrlr mI nicmriil i\\'
llir iIikI rdml irii ol liiiiilirr lo llir liidi;iiii lor llir cmiriil \r(ir.

\ h

:i\ r riuicMV rill ril loinilirrr lo \oiir (lirrrlioiiH lu

•liiilrl

\ ll't

pos>ihlr. Mill! \oii will now Hrr llirrn^iill A h I lir ( 'oin|iiinv
drciiird np Ml r< Innliiiii!' pMi'l of llir Irnclirr'H lioiinr, I nhlMinnl
sullii'iriit Iniiilnr lorlliMi ol»|rrl. uh wrlj mh iIi" t|iiMnlil\ wliirli
Ihr InihiiiiM wnr |irnnillril lo Iim\<' lor linn \rMr mI IimH piM'tv
Tlir Mrow loMil ^o«V^H>0|rrO w Mil MM III I tr MM I iniilil iiiiliirr iM r.
SliMW. ol' llir HiirKliorn nulls, lo Irl in liM\r mI llril |iiii'r, mihI
to biinj; il Willi his slrmiilioMl lirr ol' cliMr,",!'. ( )iii' mi'hu will
onI\ c:\\'V\ (sMlrlv^ !(>(>() I«m-I. miiiI iI rriininvi lour iiirn I wo
dM\N. to Irlili (lir limdirr 111 llril wmv; winrli. mI .S!*"* |"'I'
d;u i^irli (hoardinfv tlirms(>l\t-s). would h(< luill' lli<' roul, nf llir
hiiubiM' thnt ronld hr broiirlil. In iIimI cmmi" il would liav(>
rosi us S-***^'* 1'^ l''''\«' Inoii.'dil llir.MMHlO Irrl lo our iMiidiii/!;.
\Vr lirtd r\prri(Mirr ol' this w hrn tlir Iioiin(> wmh Iniildinji;.

UMV wMs unM\ouiMl>l\ soiiH> rxpriisr iiuMirrrd in tirliv(>riii>^

th<> IninhiM" t'roni tlu> srow , Miid IIkmi diMwinr; it tlir ilif;lMiirr ol"
llOMrly :\ niilr t'roni tlir HnrKhoni ImiiIiiii; lo m smirr mihI roii-
v«>niont plarr lu^ar llir Mission prriiiis(>s. TlirwMlrr.'it thr

IHV"

met; AMit ( MiMt'iMfi riKi'4 Nf/'.tMi'

'»l

( ' III 11(1 ii lit MCI I V lfii|iliiii' '.^ 'I't I liiM I Mil 'ill '1 1 1' 1 V I M iii| mil /iC MIhi'.v'h
hii'iri" MC'MV ciiiniiii m ; fii'ici'ivr, I IumI inl 'il llnl |imi<> (»'i(,

llir I. II

•I'

i| .|'.| I I'lilMrcil Mll>l I '•iritl III |i'!|i|IMi'

I h

Im iI

K' I V ||C||>(M

i'i)|iMiMl'( III' IliM ^^ll(ll••l III' lln- immii mimI Iihv vIi'i wI'Ik i'init\ii\/i-i\
III llii'4 UMili ( il i'i'i|iiiM") l^^l| I'l luinl mill |iili< IimmIh-i ; 'I'Ik*
Will l( III' I III' I I'liii i'l Mill elm CI" •' I I'll- 'I III- III III 1 1| III' one If rill ii

IimIi'iI W In II I lni\(< Id Ii'iiikI

iii'M III iiiiy wif

U. 11

I'l |li'Mil' IM .'III I'i'lll •< ( I If ''/(/) |ii'l(lllV. I 'll'/l'l'il t II'' <■ •; lilll ll'H

MM III!' ImHiIii'I- IIITiiI iImm' I'l llli' (|Mirilllv MM'I IjiM'l, llll'l (t'l'lc'l

liiill llii> rii'il |ii|- I li'iiriiiiiil I'l III'' IimIiiiM'i' n'C'iiiiil " ; llii'V lir/ii
jml I'liMi'iliillv |immI I'imI 'iI llii'ir •niiiinls'^ lli'ir ii'ifli'in (I'lr I

IiimI I'l |MVI' lllllll I'lc'lll llll Ml I'lillli II.'m VI'mI, 'iHil'l '//|.|'' Mi''/

I'Mil'l Mill liii I- liiiiMilil il 'iimI mmi'I" II II' III I III l/'M'' 111 |ir''|i'iri«
llll III'' lllllll I) I'll" ImiiiIp'I' vV'.'Ii lliii'i iiIiImiM''I III II V(-r/ \'iM
I'lllr ; ll"Ci, lllll'i'il, IImiii III" 'ii"l III' |il'i(lM"ill|^ ll I'lllI, Hi'iilj^i

il in (^iiiiil M'HiimI liiiiilii'i-, iiimI 'iikIi mm (lll'^^■l•^^ nil (mii (i'"<'"i
In ri', il JM ii'il. Ill" lii-il '|ii(ilily, 'If ' clMiif liifiili"r,' / '• ji't-

II I lly llll' li'iMi lii'il't iiM'l lili'iMi'li'"!, llll'l A'lii'li in mIi'[i[i'''I t'»
III" /\ Mii'iiriiii iM'iilii I \\'\\ III" MUM" i|"-i(iijil,i'iii 'if luirilc r

lllIlT \\l' llllVM fij'll (ijl'V lln'il lll;^) i-l WitM M'll'l III I'l'l II Icil'i' I'lT

J^iri.dO |ii r I liMiimiiiil, vvli"r";i'i i(. I'l'il ih Iki", imlii'l ri(i;

l'\(ll'll'll'>l ((14 V'"l will MM"), H I ''■"' I'''' t ll'iM'lIlli'l Til" l,WO Ifl'-ll

lll'I'IMIllllllli'M III. Ill" null, lll.'ll. 'AM (^1 I. H'l l'll"(l|»

" I'll" I'l'iii 'll' Hn|i|ilv iMf^ til" (ruliiiii't 'A/ilfi lnifil;<r in flm
wnv, mill (Mi llll'l" li'iiiii, i-t 'Hi" 'll' III" [Ml ;iii-il, ii'lvtiiit.njijMx \.<t
lllllll lliiilriiiM ll" (i;niiil I'll 1 1. Ii;m "'■(•.mi'iii"'! imm hoim" <i.'l'li-
liiiiiiil liilimir iiihI ImhiIiI'', ImiI. I ain iMiijily (yurip'Tiiiit.f'l !>/
Hi'i'iii^ 111" iiii|ii''iv"ni"iilM wliii'li liiiv III i;')ri-<"ijij<'rH;<! \t<;*-u
I ll'i'i'li'il III III" viIIii;m', iumI |,||I' <-]\fi)\tr»'n-\(\i'\\\, 'Afii"fi if, ha«
|Mvi'ii I'l iinlii-il I y llll'l I'liiiiliil Mill III III': '•'iiriT'iif, aii'l a[([»fararK'fi

III III" Im'Iiiim IiiiiI'Iiii:'-i, M'lC'OVMr, t.h" IimImm m.'iM.Im fiavo
lii'l-liT hIii'II'T, Mini llll'l'" M ni'if' iiii|ii'''ifi"!it, no.v l.o t'lki; f^(>'t<\

cure (I

I' III

" Wil.li r''.';iii| l.'i ;iiT.'iM:';iiiL^ T'lr Mi" Iu-mIht in t li" r'o'opriny''*
ii'TMiiiit, iiiy |iliiii \^ UiiH : I.') eiilei' fli" hiill' \,\\' f, of tli/if, ■h\\'cM
Hie IihImimh liave iiliea'ly i^'il,, nii'l y<--Kirw<; Ui<; re-<(', \.'i \><',
i'mIi'II'iI iiM'ler iJie diU'ei int. liia'liii;^-< wlien ii.-<e(l or i\\-i\)<>^cA of.

v T^

192

RICK AND CIIKMOMi I.AKKS STATION.

[1870,

f I i

'llic new portion of tlio teacher's lioiiso will hv built (n.v.)
ni'xt H|)riii;i[. I du not know exactly what will be; recjiiired I'oP
that work, as we sliall use as iiiiKth of tlie old material ns can
be worked u[) witlujiit dctriiiieiit to the building. And 1 shall
prepai'C (this winter) the luinher suitable for faciiiij; the seliool-
house nnd chapel, as far as it will i,'o. This will bo done with
Ij inch flooring, planed on one side, tonyiied and grooved on
one edge, and bcvilled on the other. It makes a very neat
nnd durable wall when washed with water-linu! or [)ainteil, nnd
tli(* bnildings iu»w absolutely rccpiire it. The old method of
' rough casting' buildings is now abandoned where lumber can
be got at a re;isonable rate. The plaster will not renwiin on
the walls long, e^pecially in the case of defective workmanship,
and there is much art in [)repariiig it pro|)erly. This is parti-
cularly fo tad to be the case on the south sid(> of buildings,
where it is subject to the alternate action of thawing and
freezing. The snow that attaches to a rough east wall, either
by snowing or blowing, or both, thaws during the day, when
the sky is clear (and in Caiuida we have a decided climate, as
a general rule it is either storming or bright sunshine), and
then intense frost ensues at night. Thus, as maybe expected,
in a few years the plaster peels ofl', and looks very patched or
ragged. Hut what ia of more conse(|uenc(;, the wall b(!coine8
exposed to the action of the weather and atmosphere, which
produces rot. Hut the clap-boards will obviate these (.'vils, and
give a good appearance to the buildings. Then, if there is
hnnber of any description left, after finishing the work now
directed to be done, I suppose the Company will wish it to bo
disposed of to the Indians on the same terms as it has been
during the present year. Thus it will be seen that I canm)t
specify in the account the purposes to which all the lumber is
appro])riated until it is used. The only other plan (that I see)
would be to enter the whole at first, and then give the details
of a])propriation afterwards. You may periiaps state which
mode you would prefer for the future-, or suggest a better plan.
Whatever you think is most desirable I will gladly adopt, or
act u])on, to the best of my ability. I send you Mr. Shaw's
receipt, together with a statement of ex|)enses, and the rate
per thousand with the ex[)cnses added.

[1870.

1870.]

KICK AND (IIKMONO LAKKS STATION.

103

I, (D.V.)

ircd I'dp

i\A Clin

I 1 shall

■ HcllOol-

)no with
)()vt;il on
Bry iit^at
itt'tl, and
cthod of
nl)(.'r can
'inaiu on
manship,
I ia parti-
)uil(linj4H,
\\u<f and
ill, oither
lay, when
liniate, as
line), and
cxiiectod,
iitched or
bocoines
re, which
vils, and
there is
ork now
1 it to be
las been
I cannot
umber is
lat 1 see)
le details
ate which
■ttcr plan,
adopt, or
V. Shaw's
the rate

" It is iiocessary fi»r iiicto ask you about the continuance of
llic dinner lor tint elnhlri'ii attenditi},' school. In your letter
(»f the 21st May, it is stated that 'dinners may bi' provided for
those Indian ehildren attending' school cluriii(/ /kn jitrsmt i/fttr.'
"Was it intended to discontinue tli(> dinners at tlii^'xpiration of
the current year'r Tlie present system works well. The school is
ni a f,'ood state as to attendance and improvement, as you will
sec by the forthconiing report. The I'xpense of the food which
it was necessary to buy for the current half year will not excised
..J^'LM.OO, exclusive of the |)ork for the next year, This is the
pork season. It was necessary to lay in a stock for next sum-
mer. We buy the pi<j;3 whole by the hundrcdweij;ht, and cure
the meat. Jiut if the dinner is not continued, I can dispose
of the pork. We endeavour to supply the children's dinner as
much as possible from the farm ; beyond this, the expense will
be about three l'arlhiu<,'s each child lor each day's attendance.
A\ hen the dinner was sanctioned, nothing was said about
assistance in the house work. When the sleeping department
was discontinued, the matron's salary ceased. IJiit the dinner
for (now) generally thirty children renders it necessary for
i\[rs. Crook to keep a servant. She has an Indian girl at
present, who does very well ; this involves wages and board.
There is also considerable work in cutting out all the children's
clothes twice a yi-ar, as this cannot be trusted to the Indians,
but the parents .-ew them. JNly mind is not clear whether
the (\)mj)any intended to take off the matron's salary
altogether. If not, please to say how much it is to be for
til. future.

" There are several other subjects on which I will write soon.
It is dillicult for me to get time for ofTicc work ; no sooner am
I seati'd at my desk than there is a call for something. I can
only dej)en(l upon the hours of night, when the village is in the
repose of sleep. Many thanks for your kind and encouraging
letter of the 27th October, which 1 received on the lOth
instant. J will supply you with facts in reference to the
willow-basket making |)resently. liVerything is now working
with great peai-e and harmony. The present arrangements in
every department seem almost as [)erfcct as a human institu-
ion can be. Yet forbearance, tact, and diligence are neces-
jsary, but not more so than unist be expected in managing the

191.

HICK AM) CIIKMONO LAKKS STATION.

[1870.

Bocular, Huciiil, iiiul niunil allaii'M of a coniiiuiiiily of inankiiKl
ndvaiiciiif; towardM a lii^'lici' stamlard of civilization.

" l*.S. — I liavf to coiiiimiiiicato the painful iiitclligenco of
Mr. John (iiluiour'H di'atli, wliicli occurrod on WedncHday
morning. I liavo to attend tho funeral to-morrow. Tlio diu-
easo was colic, lie leaves a widow and seven children."

Ii|

[1870.
iivnkind

NEW ENOLANU COMPANY.

l!);j

;enfO of
(Inortiliiy
TI»o (Uh-

nAY OF (iriNTfi STATION.
182 1-1 870.

This station is situate on the north side of Tj;iUc Ontario,
abont 10 miles to the west of the city of Kui,u;st()n. A
small number of Indians, of the Mohawk nation, have been
for many years settled there, on a tract of hind <;ranti'd to
them I)y tiie (jovernment. The attciiition of the (.'onipany
was directed te this station abont the time of their first
opcratioijs in Upper Canada. A missionary has, for 10
years and more, been stationed tiiere, who has been inde-
pendent of the Company. But the Company, on tiie re-
eommeiuhition of Dr. Stewart (afterwards Hisliopof (iuebec)
in 18:21, made their first grant for a school-master at this
station. In 1828, the Company increased their grant to
£\o a year, for ♦^^'c salary of a school-master nnder the
missionary's superintendence.

This odice was held by the Rev. Saltern Givins for 20
years ; in conjunction, during part of the time, with another
charge at Napanee, not far from the Bay of (iuinto. In
18.")!, he was succeeded as missionary at this station i)y the
llev. (j. A.. Anderson, who, in 1870, was succeedcKl by the
llev. Thomas Stanton, the present missionary there. In
1853, the Company voted, and subsequently contributed,
L'jO currency towards the erection of a new cluu'ch at this
station, and they granted, in 1809, £10 towards a cabinet
organ. The application for the organ grant was made by
j\lrs. Anderson, in March 18(59, and in reply to incjuiries
by the Treasurer about this mission, she, in April 18(J9,
iufornuKl him that there were, in all, nearly 700 Indians;
that there are two churches, about five m es apart, and
service in each every Sunday, and added : —

" In the one near the [)arsonage, vvliicli is tlie old churcli, wo
Ikivo a very iiii-c; or^'an ; it is for the other that the Indians,
who are so fond of musiio, require an iustrumeut. I attend

!!t^'-

' II 'ii

196

BAY OF QUINTK STATION.

[1869-70,

each service with Mr. And son, and lead the musical portion
of it. I'here are two schools in the mission, one near each
church. The mode of instruction in eacli is the same. About
the ]\lohn\vk school the iiidiaiis are more thickly settled; the
chihlren, however, at the iS"ew England school are further
advanced. Many whites attend this latter ; indeed, we send
our own children. The money derived from this source, to-
gether with tlie grant from the Xew England Company, enables
]Mr. Anderson to employ a very efficient teacher. I think he
receives almost S-^^'O, whereas the, teacher at the Mohawk
school only gets ,§200 a year. This addition to the salary,
from tite whites, is an arrangement but lately entered into,
and, INfr. Anderson thinks, will be very beneficial to the
Mohawks in many ways. I visit the schools occasionally.
Cin'ldren are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, geography,
and grammar."

In Juno 18G0, the Court granted £20 for the school;
this sum Mr. Anderson devoted to the purchase of books,
maps, and other necessaries for the chihlren, who, as he
reported, were badly off, and unable to provide tlieuiselves
with these re aiisitcs. lie added, that he believed the
Indiaris pro^josed surrendering a [)ortion of their lleserve
(18,000 acres) to the Governmeut, and investing the money
for the benefit of tlic tribe.

At the request of the bishop of the diocese, Mr. Ander-
son sent to a missionary exhibition the Communion Plate
given to the Indians by Queen Anne, in 1712, and a few
other articles of interest to those engaged in missionary
work.

Oil the 5th October 1870, the clerk wrote to the Ilev.
Thomas Stanton, at the ]\Iohawk Parsonage, Bay of
Quinte : —

" The New England Company have received advice of your
appointment to the mission at the Ray of Quinte, in succession
to the Rev. George Anderson.

" The Company has, for many years, assisted in sustaining

1870.]

DAY OF QUINTK STATION.

197

the mission by an annual grant in aid of the Iiulinn seliools at
that place.

" They would be obli<;;ed by your supplying tlieni with
inforiuation ns to the present state of the mission aud schools,
and your prospect of usefuhiess ainougst the Indian ))opulation
there. They are not informed as to the mode of your appoint-
ment to tlie mission, and would be glad to learn whether yen
were nominated to the duty by t!ie bishop of the dioeeae, or by
what other authority.

" The Company would also be glad to bo informed wiiether
you consider their grant iu aid of the schools has been usei'uily
a[)plied, and may be ho[)efully continued. They wish me to
add that it is tlieir practice, in cases of similar grants, to call
for an aunual report of the application of their funds, and the
state of the schools, accompanied by proper voiielu'rs ; and if
you should consider it desirable that the grant should be con-
tinued, they feel assured you will very willingly fall in with the
views of the Com[)any in this respect."

In the following mouth the following answer was received
from Mr. Stanton : —

" In answer to your iiupiiries about the Indian IMission of
the Bay of (Juinte, i beg to intbrm you in the lirst place that
I was appointed by the bishop, who, by vote of vSynod, is the
patron of all incumbencies in the diocese. The Government, I
believe, does not interfei-e in any way in our Indian clinreh
matters, except in i>aying the missionary ,S lOO [)er annum out
of Indian funds.

" I am hardly yet in a position to speak with contidi'uce or
certainty of my ' prospects of usefulness.' There is plenty of
work of all kinds to be done here, and no present prospect of
help to do it. I want one nuvn, at least, a Mohawk (for no
white man here can speak the Indian language), to assist me
iu parochial visitations, in services tor old pco[)le who know
but little Englisli, and in an; way in which an assistant can
be made useful. But it is hard to get the right kind of man,
and if found, how is he to be paid ?

" The grant of the New England Company has been useful,
and I thiidi should be continued. Indeed, if it is not, the
school in part sustained by it must be given up till some

i I!

198

BAY OF QUINTE STATION.

[1870.

other means of support is secured. AVe have liad a very good
scliool here, and liopo to keep it up, but this cannot be done
without aid. Jf tiie Company continue it, whicli 1 trust they
will, 1 will sec that an iinnual report is sent, and that it is a
correct one ; and if there be any other conditions attaclied to
the grant, would you kindly inform me of them, and I will
endeavour to have them carried out?"

On tlic 30th December 1870 the clerk wrote to Mr.
Stanton, by direction of the committee, informing him that
the Company would be disposed to continue the grant of
£4>o per annum to the liay of Quinte schools, by an annual
vote, so long as satisfactory accounts and reports were fur-
nished to them.

1 :

[1870.

NEW ENGLAND COMPANY.

199

sry good
be done
uat they
3 it is a
aclied to
id 1 will

to Mr.
liim that

grant of
11 annual
,vcrc fur-

GAllDEN RIVER STATION.
1851-70.

This Station is on an Indian reserve, situate on the Garden
Iliver, a tributary of the River St. Mary. Tiic latter river
is the boundary between Canada and the State of Miehi-
gan^ and near the falls of the last-mentioned river, called
the Sault Ste. Marie. The station is north of Lake
Huron, and near the lower end of Lake Superior.

In 1854 an applieatiou was made to the Company for
assistance in this quarter by the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, Mis-
sionary Chaplain to the Indians of Lake Huron and adja-
cent parts at Mahnetooahning on the great Manitoulin
Island. During the years 1855 and 18aG, the Company
placed two grants of £150 at tiie disposal of Dr. O'Meara;
he applied them in aiding the Indians to bnild a ^Mission
House for the aceommodation of Mr. and !Mrs. Chance,
who were sni)crintending the schools, and the girls who
were under instruction in an Industrial School. A fur-
ther sum of £'60 was granted in 1^5(), to assist in l)uild-
ing a bridge across the Garden River. Soon alter this,
Mr. Chance was ordained, and since that time has re-
mained there as the missionary of the Company. In
18G0 a new school-house was built by the Company.
This station was visited in 18G8 by Mr. Henry J. Lister,
who, in his report to the Company, recommended their
withdrawal from this station, as the majority of the
Indians belong to the Roman Catholic Church, which has
a mission established there. In IVIr. Chance's report to
the Company in 18G9, he estimated the whole number of
Indians on the Reserve at 300, of which number ordy 1 lO
were Protestants; he also states that the number is not
increasing. In 1SG9 the Committee on Indian iitliiirsof the
New England Company decided, that when Mr. C'hance

h I

200

GARDEN IllVEll STATION.

[18G8.

■It, ;|l'

permanently leaves the Garden Ilivcr Station, it uill l)e
expedient to irive up the niist^ion on that Reserve.

Mr. H. J. Lister's Report, (25th February, 1809), as to
this station, was as follows : —

" On the 12th of October 18(58, I left Toronto for your
station at the Sault Ste. ]\Iarie, a distance of 450 miles,
taking the steamer from Collingwood, in Georgian Bay,
Lake Huron, and arrived there on the morning of the
IGth.

" Mr. Chance had not returned from Europe, but I was
cordially received bv his wife. This Reserve is situated in
the midst of really beautiful country, ami for seven or
eight miles forms the left shore of the important navigable
river, Sainte ]\Iaric, by which all the shipping from and to
Lake Superior must pass, and wliicli is the boundary be-
tween the State of Michigan and Canada. This Reserve,
allotted by treaty in 1850, has been much encroached
npon, as the map (of which I took a tracing) shows, and I
think will in course of time be bouglit by the Government,
as it is still too largo for the 3 100 Indians Avho are on it,
and will not be a good i)lace for them when the American
shore is thoroughly settled, and the temptations to smug-
gling and drinking are largely increased. Affairs between
the Government and Lidians of this Reserve are at a dead
lock. The land was granted to the latter absolutely, but
as it contains valuable tindjcr, there were perpetual quar-
rels between the Indians themselves about the cutting of
it ; for as they had not allotted the land among tlie diffe-
rent families, any man could cut timber where he liked,
and sell it for a mere nothing to the first speculator. The
Government then said to the Indians, * Yield your right
to the timber, and we w ill put you on the same footing as
whit(! men, except that you shall pay a smaller licence (to
be invested for your benefit) than they.' The Indians
refused, as they say Government money passes through so
many hands that by die time it reaches thcni there is but

[18G8.

'ill be

, as to

r your

miles,

u Bay,

of the

t 1 was
atcd ill
;vcu or
Lvigable
1 and to
lary be-
ilcservc,
■voaclicd
s, and I
rum cut,
re on it,
mcrican
smug-
ictweeu
a dead
elv, but
lal (^uar-
utting of
-,e diffe-
ic liked,
The
)ur right
noting as
iccnce (to

1SG8.]

OARDE.N RIVER STATION.

X'Ol

Indians

•ough so

•re is but

little left ; and as the Government are firm, they will not
even grant lieences to those who apply for them, and have
prosecuted some Indians uho cut tinil)er without.

"I do not thiidc our authorities wish to oppress the In-
dians; on tiie conrrary, they take too much care of them,
and, by treating them as children, enervate them.

" Indians are not at all stupid, but hate steady labour, and
catch readily at the theory, that I am afraid istoool'ten pre-
sented to them, that the English are merely intruders, who
ought to support them as they have taken away their land.

"This view is quite incorrect, I tiiink, for when in 1856
or 1857 our Government bought up all the Indian claims
to the country between Pcntaguishenc, in Georgian Bay, to
Pigeon Point, on Lake Superior, our frontier with the
United States, a coast-line of more than 600 miles, they
found but 1 100 Indians in the whole of that vast territory
to treat with. Surelv these 1 100 can hardly be said to
own the land they merely wandered over.

" 1 cannot see why our Government should not pay a fair
amount to the Itulians for their claims, and then treat them
in all respects like their uhite neighbours, and let each
man buy back whatever land he needs.

"Of the 300 to 100 Indians on the Reserve, not more than
1 10 are Protestants ; the rest are Roman Catholics and at-
tend the Jesuit mission church, which, with the mission-
house, is close to yours; an unfortunate circumstance, as
the two religions are thus brought into collision, and we
cannot suppose that the quarrels of the rival Christian
priests are unobserved by the pagan Indians, or that th.e
more unprincipled among them do not sell themselves to
the missionary that will give the most.

" It would be best for all, I think, that as the Protestants
are in the minority, they should withdraw from this Re-
serve ; should buy as much land as they require, and then,
free from all Roman Catholic interference and jealousy,
Mr. ami Mrs. Chance might dcvelope their own plans for

202

GAIIDKN RIVICIl STATION.

[1868.

'': I .

tho}j;()()(l of the Indians. Mrs. ('hiincH^is tlu^ only ono of the
wives of the missionaries who has tanj;ht herself to s|)(>ak
fluently the lanij^iiaj^e of the people anionj^ whom she lives;
and I eould plainly sec that the Indians looked up to her
for adviee and assistance. The duties of ordinary house-
keeping^ at the Sanlt are sjdiieienlly heavy, as there is no
communication with the rest of the world from November
to the cud of Ajjril, much nu)re those of a clergyman's
wife who has a family to brinjif up.

"The Indians on this R(!serve are very nnich better ofl'
than those at Chenunifi; Lake, and 1 think the whole band
cultivate about lOO acres, at least that was the quantity
Father Kohler (the Jesuit missionary) told nu.>. Mr. Kohler
has built a (ine-lookinjj^ grist-nnll at the expense of 8 lOOO
(.£81)0), which is perfectly useless, as Mr. Chance o[)|)os(!{l
his getting; a title to the land, thiidvini^ Mr. Kohler's
terms exorbitant; and as the Jesuit would iu)t ^ivc way
the mill remains without its maehinerv. The (Jo-
vernmcut Superintendent at the Sault Ste. Marie; said that
Mr. Chance was in the wrong ; but a casual visitor can-
not judge. As far as I could see, however, the Jesuits
seem to have great tact in their dealings both with Go-
vcrunient ollicials and also the Indians.

" There arc about forty children on the books of your
school, but the day I was there being a holiday, I did not
see nuiny of them.

" Mrs. Chance talked of starting a store or general shoj),
which is much wanted ; aud the expense would be small as
there is a capital store-house close to the Parsonage, and
quite on the wharf where the steamer stops. After a little
superintendence by the missionary, there is no reason why
it should not succeed better than those on the Grand
lliver lleserve, for the white traders here make a deal of
money. The sight of one prosperous Indian would do
more to stir up emulation — the quality they most want —
than anything else.

isfis y.j

OARDKN RIVKIl STATION.

203

"After h'aviiif^ tlu; Mission, I went to the villii^e of tli(!
S.'iult, uiid (lulled upon the (loverntneiit SuperiiiteiKh-nt
of Indians, Mr. Wilson, \vh(!re I took a traeinj; of the
Reserve and eonntry around."

Mr. H. .). Lister'.s lleport, concluded with the following
summary as to this station, —

" Money to he advanced to Itev, Mr. Chance to hny
goods for a store;.

IIors(!-ferry worked l)y a chain is wanted across (jiarden
River.

N.IJ. The expense for this should he very small, as the
Indians are good hoat-hnilders, and get their wood for
nothing."

'JMie f(;llowing resolutions were passed hy the Committee
on the J>7th of April 18(11),—

"Resolved that the Rev. James (^^hancc; he informed
that the (>ompany have considered the wish expressed in
his letter of tin; l.^jth oi' l''el)ruary last, on account of ill-
health, to he removed from Garden River, to some other
mission among Ojihways or kindred tril)es further south
of that station, and to impiire whether he would he will-
ing to take up his residence on the Company's land at
Chcmong Lake; and in the event of his doing so whether
any of the Indians at Garden River would he likely to
accompany him as settlers upon the Company's land there.

" Resolved that the Rev. James Chance he authorized to
accompany the proposed deputation of Indian chiefs to he
appointed at the Council at Garden River, in June next,
to Ottawa, to confer with the Government authorities
thereon the suhjcct of thetimher dues, and other (jucstions
connected with the treaties with the Indians as recom-
mended in ]\Ir. Chance's letter of the 20th of Feliruivry
last, and that a sum not exceeding 150, to defray his per-
sonal expenses and entertain the Indian chiefs at Ottawa,
he allowed to Mr. Chance.

201.

nVRDRN RIVKll STATION.

[1869.

1'. , ?! I I H

On the 30tli of April, 1809, the Treasurer wrote to
the Rev. James Chance tliat his proposed resij^nation of
the Garden River Mission, and Mr. Henry Lister's report
on that Mission, had been considered, and the Committee
had decided tliat it wouhl be expedient on the part of
the New Enj^hind Company to give up the Garden River
jNIission when Mr. Cbance finally left that Station ; and
added, " I enek)se a lithograph map of the Garden River
Reserves, and sliall be obliged to you to mark on it the
precise position of tlic Roman Catholic ^lission under
Father Kohler, and of th'^ Grist Mills, and the Mission
House in which you reside, and to return this map to me.
When vou leave Garden River to whom do the Protes-
tant Mission Buildings belong?"

In July 1809, Mr. Cbance returned the printed map to
the Treasurer, and sent hiin a rough map intended to show
the relative positions of his ^Mission and of the Roman
Catholic ]\Iission, and to mark out the tract of land given
to his predecessor, the Rev. A. Anderson, by tlie Indians,
on tiie 1st June, 1819, for the use of the Mission ; and ^Fr.
Chance then informed the Company that Jesuits had
settled on the land and erected Mission buildings, and
th.at he had not thought it advisal)le to take proceedings
against the Jesuits for their intrusion, but had lately
written to the Government for an equivalent to the land
occupied by the Roman Catholics, and that the Govern-
ment had i)romised to consider his a))plication ; and that
if he succeeded, he wished to have the 200 acres conveyed
to the Company, with their permission, as tliose jNlission
buildings belonged to them chiefly ; and that he had col-
lected funds from personal friends in England towards the
erection of some of the buildings, but that he willingly
handed all over to the Company. Mr. Chance at the same
time forwarded to the Treasurer a memorial to his Excel-
lency the Right Honourable Sir John Young, Bart.,
K.C.B., (lOvernor-General of the Dominion of Canada,

[18(59.
TOtC to

atioti of
s report
inmittoo

piirt of
n liivcr
3n ; and
Ml iliver
311 it the
1 under

^lissioii
p to nic.
! Protcs-

1 map to
to show
! llonian
.nd given
Indians,
and ^Tr.
uits had
ngs, and
ceedings
id lately
the land
Govcrn-
and that
conveyed
Mission
had col-
,vards the
willingly
the same
is Excel-
g, Bart.,
Canada,

GARDEN lllVEIl STATION.

1869.]

etc. etc. etc., from 13 Indian Chiefs of the Ojihway In-
dians, praying relief as to the amount of Indians' annul-
ties, and the numher of recipients, and a right of fishing
alleged to be withheld. The memorial stated, among other
things : —

1. That in or about the year a.d. 1.S50, thoy ceded to ITor
Majesty's CioveriniKMit (he wliole of tlic vast extent of country
bordering on the northern shores of Lakes Huron and Supe-
rior.

2. That tlie Treaty of cession provided, that slioukl the
territory so ceded at any future period produce such a sum as
would enable the Government, without incurring a loss, to in-
crease the annuity already secured to them, tlie same was to
be augmented from time to time, provided that the amount
paid to eaeli individual should not exceed £1 currency iu any
one year.

3. That under tlio system of free grants of lands to actual
settlers, the territory so ceded would produce no funds whereby
the said annuity could bo augmented from time to time ac-
cording to promise.

On the i)th August 18()9, Mr. Chance wrote to the
Treasurer as follows : —

" I oidy returned a few days since from a long missionary
tour in niv small boat, among the Indians, on the north shore
of Lake Superior. I was accompanied in my tour by four
Christian Indians, one of whom is a second chief and rendered me
luurh assistance in my missionary tour, a full account of which
I will forward to you in due time. I am much obliged for a
copy of the Com[)any's Annual lieport, which is the first I
have had the pleasure ot seeing. J seemed to liave anticipated
]\Ir. Lister's report of this mission in my last letter, with the
exception ot a few points. Seeing that this is the only Pro-
testant nn'ssion among the Indians in a tract of country up-
wards of Got) miles in extent, T cannot at all a^ree with, or
join in the recommendation of IMr. Lister to witluh'aw from
this mission, Avbich should bo the centre of several missions
among the poor uncivilized IndiaiK«.

" 1 maintain that ilie jn-incipal owners of this lleserve are

«;•

! , l!

I !1; I [ i

f! ..?

200

GARDEN RIVKR STATION.

[ISfiO.

ProtestantB, that this Reaerve was set apart for a Protestant
INlission, and that was its cliaracttr until a Govenuneiit ofllcer,
under Jtoinan Catliolic influence, during my luiavoidublo ab-
sence from the mission on one occasion, persuaded these In-
dians, under promise of pecuniary gain, which was never ful-
filled, to allow a large number of French half-breeds from the
Sault to settle on this Keserve.

" The person visited at the Suult by Mr. Lister is not a
Crovernment Superintendent, he is a Custom-house oilicer and
land agent, and ouly has a sort of commission, given to him
when he was nearly the oidy white person at the Sault to act
in case of necessity during the absence of the proper Superin-
tendent at IMahnetooahning. That person is no friend to the
Indians, and is hostile to me, because I protested, as in
duty bound, to his illicit connection with the daughter of a
respectable member of my congregation, who informed me,
with tears, that his daughter had been twice pregmnit by the
person referred to. Mr. Lister received some intimation of
these facts, and ought therefore to have received that j)er3on'8
remarks cum (jrano solin. In reference to the French Jesuit
Ivholer's tact in dealing with Government oflicials, this is true
only with the one meiitioned at the Sault, for his want of tact
and open hostility to the superior officers of the Indian de-
partment is notorious. Tlu; insurrection of the poor deluded
Indians at Wequemakoony, prompted by priest Kholer and
others, which put the Government to immense trouble and
expense, and resulted in the death of a much valued officer,
speaks for itself, and is totally opposed to the statement of
Mr. Lister. The Jesuits have a sort of suaviter in modo which
is calculated to impress and mislead strangers. I do not sup-
pose Mr. Lister intended it, but I fear that his report will
tend to create a prejudice against the management of this
mission in favour of the lioman Catholics. I cannot give way
to any one in my disinterested zeal in promoting the civiliza-
tion and Christianization of the Indians, and wherever and
by whomsoever this noble object is being eft'ectually accom-
plished, I rejoice and thank God, but it is impossible for this
to be done by aiiy denomination of Christians which ignores
the importance of educating the young, and totally and syste-
matically neglects them.

" Should this IMission be abandoned (which God forbid) the

1809.]

(JAKI)EN lUVEH STATION.

207

^?^

Roman Catliolioa theinsolvcs, nt leawt many of tliem, would
sustain a j^'ivaL lossa, fur tliey tlt'[)ond upon ua Ibi- medit-iiu'S
aad other tluiiji;s, and there ia not one of tlicni wlio can read
and write but owes tliat ability to us ; and notwithstanilinjj; the
prohibition of the priest, aomo attend our school at the pre-
sent time.

** The comparative value of Protestant and Roman Catholic
missionary ellurts amoiiij the Indians in these; parts was ascer-
tained by Dr. Taylor, of the garrison at the .^ault, on tho
American side. Dv. Taylor occupied much of his spare time in
Indian researches. I[e does not belong to any religious denomi-
nation, and his testimony may therefore bo <'onsidercd impar-
tial and disinterested, and is decidedly in favour of Protestant
missions.

"I must leave tlie matter to your own discretion whether it
would be advisable to place these facta before the Committee."

The Treasurer, on the IGth October 1809, wrote to
Mr. Chance a letter, from which the following is an ex-
tract : —

" ^ shall be glad to hear from you your own plan for the
vvin. Do you and Mrs. Chance remain at (harden River

until spring ? I am sorry that you did not iind an opening
on the Chemong Promontory, near Peterboro', for a new Set-
tleraenb of Chippeway Indians.

" The Indians now on that estate cannot cultivate the whole
property, and your knowledge of the Chippeway language
would have been valuable there, both to you and Mrs.
Chance.

" I regard the settlement of the Roman Catholic misnion at
Cfarden River as an accomplished fact."

On the 11th November Mr. Chance Avrotc the following
letter to the Treasurer : —

" I have to report that during the past summer I have
travelled by water in the mission boat upw ards of one thousand
miles, on visits to Indiana in this extensive district, who havo
no resident missionary among them to labour for their tem-
poral and eternal good. These visits were extended along the
northern shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, and were ac-
complished at much expense, danger, privation, and suffering,

"Ma

■W\

208

(iAllDKN RIVKR STATION.

[1809.

ri'

oliii'lly from the swiirmiii'' liosts of inosciuitoort and blnck flio».
Tlio iiii,'lil,s \v(>n' spoilt under (';iiiviih U'litH, mid only on oik^
oi'('iihit»n Wiis I iiblc to obtain a room to sl('t'|) in.

"Tbo Indians an; vijry scattered aloiij; the sboro of Lnko
Superior, iv few hero nnd ii few there, and their rude viUajiieB,
eoiisisting only of bark \vi:;waiiis, are forty, fifty, and sixty
miles apart, and the iiiterv(>nin<i; eoast is for tlm most part bold
and roeky, attaininjf in some places (accordiiiti; to liaylield'a
chart) an elevation of 700 feet. Tlie Indiiins from the interior
inland lakes come out to various points onee a year to dis-
pose of their furs, and to obluin their simple supplies. I had
an opportunity of seeing some of them nt the Peek, when; the
11. JJ. Company have a tradi;i<^ post. 1 will <j;ive some extracts
from my journal.

" Fridiii/, ;}0. — A line day and fair wind. We reached the
Peek about noon, and n largo number of Indians came to greet
our arrival. \V^o went up the river, passing a large numl)er of
wigwams on our way, and \vi' iiiuilly jiitchcd our tent in a
beautiful jilace on the light bank of the river. The Indiana —
men, women, and children — soon surrounded us. and I had to
go through the indispensable ceremony of shaking hands with
all of them, Christians and heathens, for all alik(> seemed glad
to see me. Some of the principal men came afterwards into
my tent, and I had a long conversation with them. I arranged
to havo service in front of my tent in the evening, and told
them that the signal for the time of service would be three
reports from a gun. I was fatigued and hungr}', and needed
rest and refreshment. AVIien the signal was given for service,
the Indians came in large munbers and squatted in front of
my tent, at the do liich I performed divine service and

preached.

^' Satiinhr , and that many of the Indians from the

interior liac. pleted their arrangements to ret urn to-day,

or to set out on their return, as it will occupy twelve days to
reach their destination. They all assiMubled around my tent,
and the chief came and asked mc if I would not hold a special
service for their benefit (most of whom were heathen), and
read the Great Book to tliein again before they went away.
I was doe[)ly moved by this recjuest, and com[)lied with it most
cheerfully and heartily. They thanked me very much, and
regretted that tliey were under the necessity of leaving then.

iMr.ii.

[IRfiO.

lU'k ni«'w-
y on o\w

of Tinlto

ind Hixty
piirt bold
IJaylifUl's
,(. interior
nr to (lis-
.«. 1 bull
wlicro tbo
ic cxtnifts

[>iicb(Hl tlio
u' to i^rect
uuinl)or of
tent in a
Imlians —
1(1 1 bad to
lands witli
I'lni'd gUvd
wivrdd into
I arranged
, and told
(1 be tbreo
lid needed
for service,
n front of
service and

|y from tbo
Inrn to-day,
Ivc days to
Id my tent,
(111 a special
]then), and
vent away,
litb it most
Inuieb, and
Iving tlien.

t; \lil>i;\ Hl\ I It STATION.

:J(»!)

AVIiil«l I WMH llius (i('cii|ti('<l. ilic IWitanisl returned hum ii
very Hueeesslnl e.viieijit iun, ami \vitnes>e(l the elu.^e nf tlii.s very
intercNling werviee, and was deeply iiii|)re.s.ieil lliiM'eby. 'I'lie
pornon in eliurye of tim H. H. Company'H post kinlly oHi.'red
tlie use of a vacant lioiise, formerly occupieil by oiu; of tlio
HiTvaut men, I'or Herviee to-morrow, And as I he evening;
was stormy, he also offered me n nioin in liis bouse, botli of
which oilers I gladly acee|)te(l. The Botanist reterred to
I met with at Miehipieoten, a trading-post nearly SO nnles
below the i'eidx. lie had been employed by a society in Mon-
treal to examine the flora, etc. on different points along tlu;
north sh()r'(! of Lake Superior, lie had arrived by the sti-ainisr
at ]\lichi[)ieott'n, which is om- of the tliiH'e .ilopping-plaees on
the lake, and there, meeting with him on my way up, bo ex-
pressed an earnest desire to accompany me.

" k;>ii/i(f(ii/, Aui/iinI I. — Jt was very stormy this morning, and
continued so all day, nevertheless, the morning and evi-ning
services wen; well attended. The two rooms of the house
were crowded, in fact, with the poor Indians, who subsist
chiefly on fish, and in the crowded rooms the odour of fish
was almost too strong for my olfactory nerves. i\iy eoiupii-
r/nun de voi/aije attended the morning, but he could not attend
the evening service. At the morning service he was alfeeted
even to tears. From his subsequent explanatiini, his tears
were of mingled pity and gratitude — pity for the poor Indians
in their abject condition, some of whom were only half clad ;
thankfulness that they were yet o])eii to the blessed iiifliieiiees
of Christianity, and for his own ha|>pier lot in connuon with
white people generally.

" He was very much struck with the vast inferiority of the
Indians at the Peek to those who accompanied me from
Garden llivcr, who, at the morning service, were sitting on
either side of him, dressed in European costume, with their
books in their bands, and joining devoutly and intelligently in
the services of our Church.

"The above extracts will aflbrd some idea ..s to the condi-
tion of the Indians on Lake Superior, and I hope will not
prove uninteresting to tlie Committee. You will be glad to
hear that during my absence from Garden liiver, the wants of
the mission were attended to by a native lay reader, and

ir4; ;
! 1 ■ .

210

GARDEN UlVKIl STATION.

[18G0.

■I t

Mrs. Cluiiice, who is conaklored by our bishop aa fully equal
to a missionary iu hersulf. Tho mission hero is now going on
more satisfactorily ; the cliief superintendent of Indians at
Ottawa requested the timber agent at tiie Sault without any
further question or delay to issue lieenccs to those Indians to
whose good character I could testify and for whom I could
promise that the dues would be paid. I have given the re-
quired testimonials to three, to whom I have given the 21. m of
£5 (granted by the Company) to assist them in paying for
their timber licences, etc., which a great encouragement to
them. A Mr. M'Donald, cousin to the Premier of the P.
Legislature, and who has bought the timber outside of the
Reserve, h';a just written to me about putting up a sawmill at
the moutli of Q-arden llivcr, wliicii will ailbrd a better market
for the Indians and save tliem export duties. Our mission
has been visited this sunnuer by the Rev. Mr. Givina, R.D.,
Incumbent of St. Paul's, Yorkville, Toronto, and Chairman of
the Indian Committee, and by the Rev. Mr. AVilson and Mrs.
Wilson, who have charge of an Indian mission at Sarnia, who
seem to possess the true missionary spirit of tlieir late grand-
father and Metropolitan of India. The Rev. Mr. Oivins pur-
poses making a strenuous eifort to obtain a deed of the land
ceded to the mission by the Indians, and suggests that a model
farm and industrial scliool should bo established thereon ; and
with the prospect of inducing the wandering Indians from
Lake Superior to settle here, I should earnestly recommend
the adoption of his suggestion.

" Since commencing tiie above I have received your letter of
the IGth ult., which requires answers to the following in-
quiries.

" 1. As to the cost of bark work which I sent to you.

" 2. As to receipts and expenditures for the present year.

"3. As to the deed for 200 acres of laud.

" 4. Aa to our plans for the present and future.

" I. The bark work cost us about ten dollars, which we
wished you would be kind enough to accept as a p.-esent to
yourself and other kind friends of the Indians.

"11. In January 1 drew for £100, £87. 10s. for myself and
£12. 10s. for support of Indian boy under our charge, who I
am happy to say is going on very satisfactorily; total, £100.

[18G9.

equal
ng on
ins at
ut any
inns to
[ could
the re-
sum of
ring for
ment to
• the P.
) of tho
vvmill at
« market
■ mission
na, K.D.,
lirman of
aud Mrs.
rnia, who
,te grand-
ivius pur-
f the land
,t a model
'eon ; and
iiana from
icommend

letter of
)wing in-

fou.
it year.

Anch. we
n'caent to

lyself

and

■who 1

Ital, €100.

FgC'

isfi^.]

fiAUnr.N IllVl.U STATION.

2\\

In July T drew for .CI?"), ,Cs7. lO.v. for inyself ami £12 lO.,-.
for Indian boy; £15 towiircU cxpop.si's in going '.d l'i)i;liiiul ;
£5 for statistics ; £5 to aid .Indiana in procuring timber
licences and paying dnof, and £50 granted by the ('oinpany
(according to INlr. Veiining's letter of INIay 5th) towards de-
fraying the expenses of Indian Council, — of a deputation to
Ottawa, and my journey to Cheniong Lake. In a previous
communication 1 mentioned the j)articu]ars of the council
held here in June. (When 1 next write I will enclose a copy
of the petition to be presented to Ilis Excellency the Gover-
nor-General, which, I think, is a remarkable production for In-
dians, and does them immense credit.) 'J'he resolution to hold
a more general ccmncil atiSarnia in August, to take inio their
consideration the Bill of the Hon. Mr. Langevin and to ap-
point a deputation, and which resolution was unanimously
adopted by the council at Garden Itiver, was rendered inef-
fective by the subsequent defection of the chiefs at Sarnia,
under the inllucnce of the local sui)erintendents, who are op-
posed to any direct communication or personal interviews be-
tween the Indians and the heads of Government. This con-
duct of the chiefs at Saruia, after their voluntary action here,
which led to much preparation in tlic way of dresses on tho
part of the chiefs in this district, was considered very dis-
honourable. The Indians along the north shores of Lakes
Huron and Superior, who are chiefly concerned in the peti-
tion, had not time to arrange for another meeting this year ;
they wish, however, to present their jjctition in person, and
I advise a deputation to consist of two or three of the prin-
cipal chiefs from along the north shares of the lakes to go to
Ottawa next year.

" The expense of the council here and my journey to Che-
niong Lake was <^8G 50c., which leaves a balance of about
15G dollars, which is in the bank. £87. 10a-., £12. 10s., £5,
£5, £15, £50; total, £175. "Whilst on this subject, I would
further add that the expense of visits mentioned in tho first
part of this communication was <J^122 18c. defrayed by my
personal friends at home in England, unconnected with
any ch.* socii'ty, and the expense of a new verandah to tho
Mission House and painting, and a small outhouse was
<^113 90c. not yet [)rovided for.

* Prohnblv " ChmTli."

p 2

OlO

OAUDKN lUVKli STATION.

[18G!)-70.

III. I liiive left tlio matter of tlio deed in tlic hands of the
Indian Coininittce, cuiihi^tini^' of iiilliu'iitial clergy and hiymen,
and I have not vet heard iVoni the chairman.

"IV. We are «lill at Gaiden Kiver, waiting for an appoint-
ment from the Company to a more snitable station. We
woukl bo glad to go to the Com])any'H estate at Chcmong
Lake, if they still think it advisable to establish another mis-
sion there. At the same time 1 think it is of the utmost im-
portance that fi mission should be supported in this district."

Mr. Clianco's communications of the lOtli July, 9th
August, and 11th Novcnnbcr, 1869, and a letter from Dr.
O'Meara, of tlie 18th November 1809, was read and con-
sidered by the Committee of the 21st Dcccmbc 18G9,
and the question of the conteuijdated removal of Mr.
Chance and his family iVom Garden liiver, and the expe-
diency of establishing another Missionary Station on the
west side of Chemong Lake, having been considered, the
Committee recorded their opinion tliat in the event of Mr.
Chance's removal or retirement from Garden River, that
station should not be discontinued, but that Mr. Chance
should be requested to find a successor. The Committee
also resolved that the Chemong Station should be sug-
gested to Mr. Chance as the field of his labours, in con-
junction with the Rev. E. R. Roberts, and that the latter
should he. requested to act as lay agent to the Company,
and Mr. Chance to be the pastor ; also that the Rice Lake
Station should be suggested to Mr. Chance to fill the situa-
tion of pastor there.

The Committee also resolved that the Company should
take steps to have INIr. Chance's name inserted in the
trust deed on behalf of the Company, and that inquiry
sliould be made of Mr. Clumre whether any families of
Indians from the Garden River Settlement woidd l)c likely
to accompany him to Clieniong Lake.

On the 1 Ith May 1870, Mr. Chance wrote to the Trea-
surer as follows : —

1870. J

GAUUliN lllVtll STATION,

213

" i

" 1 have been anxiously waiting fur some time to hear
I'roui you in answer to my hvst. I was also expectinijj to
receive some communication with reference to a proposition
made to your missionary at Chemong Lake, which he
kindly mentioned to me, and respecting which he desireil
my opinion, but I replied that I could not express any
opinion on the subject until it was submitted to me by the
Com[)any. 1 ishall be most happy to receive, and reply to any
proposition which the Comi)aiiy deem proper to place before
me. The liov. Mr. Wilson, from the Jjidian Mission at Sarnia,
is now with us at the Mission House on his way to visit the
Indians on La'ke Superior, whom 1 visited last year, as ^ men-
tioned to you in a previous letter. Mr. Wilson was pleased
to say that our garden was looking better than any he liad
seen this spring, and that the Indians here are really more
civilized than they are at Sarnia, where they arc in the midst
of civilization. It was expected that I sliould accompany Mr.
AVilson, but I liave not yet heard from the Com[)any in refer-
ence to my last missionary tour ; and as I have not been in-
vested with the same discretionary ])ower in such matters as
Mr. Wilson seems to have been by the Church INlissiouary
Society, 1 do not know that I should be justified in incurring
the expense of another visiL this year. 1 have iiiid much talk
with Mr. Wilson with rel'ereiice to thu Jmlians in this disli'iet,
and we are of one mind in the matter. Jle [)roposes to
remove from Sarnia to establish missions on Lake Sii[)erioi",
and an institution in the neighbourhood of Sault Ste. INIarie, in
which the Indian youth, such as John INliddlesky, in tho
Mission House here, may be instructed in the useful arts, and
also trained as native missionaries. The Indians were em-
ployed in the earlier part of winter in cutting timber, under
tlieir licences, for the American trader, the Canadian trader
having failed to come ; but as the latter was expected, the
former, not knowing that he would have an opportunity of
purchasing, did not procure any large supplies, and in tho
middle of winter his stock was exhausted, and there were no
provisions nearer than the Jiruce Klines, forty-live miles dis-
tant. As many of them were likely to suiter fr^m liungcr
heforc the sugar season, I. at their urgent r('(]uest, employed
them to re[)air the wharf, and lo cut cord-wood lor tlie steam-
boats, and sent teams over the ice to the mines for provisions.

*"^p

211

(iAllDKN Ul\KIl STATION.

[1870.

1 wi'oto to tlie Secretary of" State, the lieail of the Indian
department, and informed him of what tlie Ijidians were
doing, and asktd tiiat under these circumstances and the liigh
price of provisions, he wouUl kindly allow the Indiana to be
exempt from the payment of the cord-wood dues, twenty eenta
])er cord, demanded by the department for wood cut on the
Indian lieserve. My own opinion is, that this demand is moat
unjust, especially when it is considered that the land con-
tiguous to the Keserve, which was surrendered by the Indians
to the Indian Department to be sold to the best possible ad-
vantages, is being sold to white settlers for twenty cents per
acre, every acre containing on an average perhaps thirty or
forty cords of hard wood. The Secretary of State has not yet
promised to remit the dues, but I think he will. There is
great excitement here just now in reference to the Eed Iliver
expedition. The steamer called here the other day laden with
boats and stores for the expedition. The captain was ordered
to leave the boats and crews, (who are Nahtahwa-Sahgc
Ind ana,) at Garden River; with the expectation that the
boat, having no war-like freight when it reached the Sault,
would be allowed to pass through the American Canal. The
steamer, however, was not allowed to pass, and this unfriendly
prohibition on the part of the American Government would
have proved a serious blow to the expedition, but for the fact
that one Hritish boat (steamer) had passed through the canal
before the oflicers at the Sault had received instructions to
prevent it. The troops and stores will now be conveyed over
the portage to the head of the rapids, and the above-mentioned
steamer will transport them across Lake Superior to Fort
William.

" There is an important correspondence now going on be-
tween the Indians here and those on Lakes Huron and
Su|)erior, who are desirous of holding a grand council of the
Ojibway nation. They think the present a suitable oppor-
tunity to manifest their loyalty to the Jji'itish Crown, and at
the same time to use every legitimate means to have their rights
respected, and all their disabilities as Indians removed. Jt is
quite time, 1 think, that Indians such as these were treated as
men. The balance of tiie grant made by the Company, and
which is, as 1 have previously mentioned in the bank, will be

[1870.

1870.]

GAllUKN IIIVKR STATION.

215

Indian
d wero
10 higli
3 to be
;y ceiita
on the
is most
lid cou-
Indiau8
lible ad-
ents per
thirty or
J not yet
There ia
sd liiver
tden with
s ordered
wa-Sahgo
that tlio
bhe Sault,
|ial. The
nfrieudly
ut wouUl
p the fact
tlie canal
.ctious to
eyed over
[leutioiied
r to Fort

on be-
Liron and
il of the
le oppor-
n, and at
icir rii;hts
d. It is
rcated as
Diuiy, and
will bo

available for the purpose of a council or a deputation to
Ottawa.

" I am sending to you by the same mail a rough sketch of
the Mission Buildings. The improvements effected last year,
and which I told you were not yet paid for, consist in a new
verandah and a sort of balcony, as seen in the sketcii, partly
covered with vines.

" You will regret to hear that we have lately been plunged
into the deepest grief on account of the sudden removal, by
death, of a much beloved daughter. She was indeed very dear
to us, and acted the part of a ministering angel to the poor
Indians, who deeply deplore her removal from among them.
Being so isolated, and having no brother clergyman within
three hundred and fifty miles of Garden River, v,t ;> It tho
bereavement and attending circumstances much more ueeply."

And on the 27th May Mr. Chance again wrote to the
Treasurer as follows : —

" The Kev. Mr. Eoberts, your missionary near Brantford, has
paid us a visit under the authority of tlie Company, to examine
the mission witli a view to an exchange. I presume your
letter to apprise me of this visit and its purport has been an-
avoidably delayed ; and the Rev. Mr. liobcrts, depending upon
your communication wilh me on the subject, I suppose,
omitted to inform me of his intended visit, though, had 1 been
in his place, 1 should certainly have thought it my duty to
communicate directly by letter with the missionary on Avliose
hospitality I was about to depend. AVe had great pleasure,
however, mi extending the hospitalities of the Miasion House
to Mr. Roberts. I took him to the Sault in the mission boat
and showed him over the Mission and the Reserve, and gave
him the fullest information on all points connected with the
mission, but I could not express any opinion as to the object
of his visit until I heard from the Company. Yesterday being
Ascension Day 1 had divine service, and Mr. Roberts, througl:
me as interpreter, jireaclied an excellent sermon to the
assembled Indians. As INlr. IJobcits made no secret as to
the purpose of his visit on board the steamer, at Garden
River and S;iult Ste. ]Marie, the chiefs came to me in great
consternation I'ur an ex[)lanation. They expressed their pro-

.1 k

210

(i.\UI>i;.\ inVIlK STATION.

[1870.

louiid regret tliat 1 had entertained a tlionglit even of leaving
them ; as I liad been witli them so lony;, thev thow-lit I should
always remain with them. They are very warmly attached to
Mrs. Chance, myself, and iiimily; and this is natural after so
many years of faithful serviee iimong them, and the separation
which seems necessary for us will not be cll'ected without
deep mutual sorrow.

" I had the pleasure of meeting the Eev. Mr. lioberts at the
house of the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, then resident at Georgetown,
where Mr. Kobcrls was married, but |)revious to that event,
and I then was very favourably impressed with his Clu'istiau
character. 1 was lately informed by the llev. Mr. AV'ilson of
the nature of his diflieulties in his mission, and thought them
very serious; but without mentioning this to Mr. lioberts, he
voluntarily made mention of his diflieulties, and showed me
some of your correspondence, which in a great mensuro
changed my opinion, and induced me to reconniiend him
favourably to my people, should he be a])pointed to take
charge of them. I cannot withhold the expression of my
regret that the Company has done so little for this mission
when compared with what it has accomplished for others
under more favourable and prosperous circumstances ; and
that whilst I have been missionary under the Company much
longer than two others at least, and occupy the most disad-
vantageous and isolated position, where everything is so ex-
pensive, and whilst I am the only missionary speaking a
native language, and dispensing wilh the aid and salary of an
interpreter, I am in the receipt of a smaller salary than any
other missionary under tlie New England Company, in Canada.
It was only last year that I was favoured with the Annual
Report of the Company, and made acquainted with the in-
ferior position which I occupied among the Company's Mis-
sionaries, or 1 should have earlier submitted that position to
the consideration of the Committee. My salary from the
Company is inadequate for the support of my fiimily, and the
grants for the mission altogether incommensurate with its
exigencies, and to keep it in that state of practicable and
desirable efticieucy essential to the accomplishment of the
great and noble objects which the Company has in view ; and
liad it not been for the salary which Mrs. Chance receives from

[1870.

1870.]

OAKDK.N HIVr.U .STATION.

2\7

li'iivini^
[ should
icheil to
after so
pariition

without

•ts at the
rgotown,
it event,
"hristiau
\Mlson of
Tht thoiu
)berts, he
owed mo
uieiiBuro
icnd him
to take
a of my
d mission
or oth(M's
ices ; and
nay much
otft disad-
s so cx-
akiag a
ry of an
tliaa any
a Canada.
Anaual
the iu-
ay's Mis-
oriitioa to
from tho
and the
with its
cable and
at of the
now ; and
eivea from

the society in England for Iicr school, and for the aid allbrded
by pei'soiial friends theiv, the mission would not have been
as successful and prosperous as it is. Since this is the only
Protestant mission among the Indians ia a country more than
GOO miles in extent, it needs all tiie su[>port the Company
can give to maiataia it ia the highest possible state of
efficiency for the beaefit of those who arc uear and for those
who are fav away.

"It is desirable to plant other missions on Lakes Huron
aad Superior, to make this a ceatral mission, and to esta-
blish an institution here for the benefit of all the Indian
youths who can be induced to take advantage of it."

On the 25th June 1870, tlic Treasurer wrote the fol-
lowing letter to Mr. Chance : —

" 1 ought to have informed you sooner that the negotiation
about t!ie clerical missionary at j\lud or Chemoag l^ake be-
comiag a lay missioaary and making way for you as a clerical
missionary, failed ; indeed it is btst that each missionary un-
der the New England Company should have his own indepen-
dent ground.

" 1 am sorry to hear in your letter of May 11th of y w
domestic bereavenient.

"Tour letter of the 27th May meatioas the liev. It. J.
Eoberts' visit to Gardea River, which he made on the possi-
bility of your becoming some day the missioaary at Kaayea-
geh, and of Mr. Eoberts, in that case, succeediag you at Gar-
den River.

" The New England Company have decidod on an inciuiry
by a commissioner into the Grand River missions; and one of
the points to be considered will be, I hope, the scheme of an
arrajigement for a new missioaary at Kanyeageh, having an
indqx'iulcnt district there, and the appointment of his own
subordinate oflicers.

' The majority of the members of tho New England Com-
pany are not fa'vourahle to any change as to any new ai)point-
nieiits in the Grand River missions, pcndiag the proposed
inquiry, which may very likely conmieace towards the end of
July. I cannot say how long the investigation will continue,
but perhaps it may be a month from that period.

218

(lAiiDKN rivi:h station.

[1870.

" Will you kindly hcikI nic a balaiicr-HliPot of your accoiiiitH
for ISd!)? St) inucli rcccivt'il by l)illn drawn on tlio Now
Kiif^laiul ('ompany, and llio rxpcndituro in iicniH, hcIiooIh,
HalaricM, rolicf of diHtrcsH auiotifj; tlio IndianH, otc. ; and 1 uliall
also be <^lad of pariic'ular.s about ibo iiuudicr of pupils in Ibo
(ianl(Mi Kiv(;r n(!h()()ls, llu; ivligious and Hccular Bubjcctu
tauglit, and ilio boni'8 of IcHrtona."

On the IDtli July 1870, tho Conunittcc; resolved tliat
tlie elcrk sliould write to the Rev. James (Jhance that the
Company eouhl not then entertain the (piestion of increas-
ing his sahiry, l)ut had in the meantime made him a grant
of ,C!2() as a (k)nati()n, and also a grant of .t2^) to (Uifray
the expenses of (n'eeting a verandah and baleony to the
Mission House.

The following letter was written by Mr. C.lianee to the
Treasurer on the 19th July : —

" I have to acknowledgo with many thanks tlio receMj)t of
your favour of June 25tli, but I regret to bo informed theieby
of the failure of the Cbemong negotiation. I am the more
sorry for tliii^, since I beard from tlie late sclioolmastor there
(whose information was taken "r//w f/ratio .svf/Z.v") of the very
unsatisfactory state of the mission. l'"nim itiy t'xperionce, I
cannot believe in tlio successful working of a mission when
the missionary remains ignorant of the native language. I
do not tliink that the Indians at Chemong are of themselves
so attached from princij)le to the pecidiarities of the Baptists
or ]\lethodists or any other diaaenting IVotewtant sect, as that
they could not be united under the judicioun management of
a missionary sjieaking their own language. However, for my
own part, 1 could imt go to Cliemong or any otlici- place ex-
cept, aa you say in your comuumication, on in(le[)eiident
grounds and without the interference or outside adverse in-
lluence of any other agent. I shall be glad to hear of the
satisfactory settlement of the dilHculties of the Company's
missions among the 8ix Nation Indians. The liev. Mr. Koberts
invited me there, but as I had heard nothing from you and as I
had pressing duties here in preparing for the bishop's visit for
eonlirmation, 1 declined the iuvitation. J lis lordship will be

[1H70.

1H7().]

OAKDKN UIVi;ll STATION.

211)

accnimtH
tlio Now
, Hc'liools,
\u\ I hIiiiH
[)i\s in the

■ 8ubj('Cttt

tlvcd that
« that tlie
if incroas-
m a f^nmt
to (IcIVay
nv to the

nco to the

) receipt of
10(1 theiehy
(ii the more
iHi(M' there
the very
)orienee, I
sniou wlieu
gutige. 1
themselves
10 Haptists
t'fi, aw tliat
ageinent of
ver, for my
!• phiee ex-
(le[)cnileiit
ulverse in-
cur of tlie
Company's
Mr. Roberts
ou and as I
p's visit for
hip will be

here on Sniidiiy next with Hcvtrnl ot.li(;r dignitaricH nnd ( Icrgy
of the Chiii'ch, thr Key. Cmikim NrNcs iiinoiig the niiinhcr, I
am informed. Siinii after their (h'|)!iitiire 1 |nn'po.s(' making
a inisHionary tonr (ui l-aki! Superior, 'fhcro H(!einM to hi; aomo
iiiistalu! witli referenetf to the day school here, wliieh is Hiip-
porLed entirely by the ('. ('. ("h.* Soe'iely and not by the New
JOnghind Company. We hav(> an Indian boy in the; Mi-ssioii
lIoUHO, HU[i|)orted by tlie Company, who Bpeaks Knglish
fluently nnd in being iiiHtructed in all branehes oi' learning
reccHsary for a good edueation.

" We had a me(!tiiig last week, whieli was well attended, for
the [)urpoHo of forming a 'J'eniperanee and Benevolent Society.
The chiefs made excellent speeclies in favour of the Society,
and 1 promised them a monthly contribution in a certain pro-
portion to theirs to eiieouragt; them. There will bo a general
council of the Indians from the northiTn shores of Lakes
Huron and Superior, on Manetoolin Island, during the pre-
sent month, by order of the chiefs, to carry out the objects
for which the council assembled lierci last y(;ar. J cannot at-
tend the council myself, but I have promised to lend the chiefs
some assistance.

"The (piestion of land for the mission is to b»; settled when
the bishop is here, and then wi; shall recpiire money for fencing
and for building a barn, in eotiipliancie with your retjuest, J
enclose an account of receipts and ex|)enditureH for the year
ending December .'{1st, ISOJ). Wh(,'n F was in lliiglaiid, a poor
orphan girl, whilst ministering to the wants of a dying aunt,
was very seriously burnt: the Rev. Dr. O'Meara being here at
the time, advised that IMrs. Chance should take her into the
Mission House, and he would seek funds for her support, but
last year he could only raise 5{7 dollars. The girl recovered
from the elfccts of the hurii.^, and has been under training at
the Mission House at our ex[)ense, which will be 50 dollars
iiioi'i; than l)i'. O'iMeara sent, i |jut this down as expenses."

On eoiisideiution oi' Mr. (Jhancc's lettc.T ol' tin; HHh
July and ac<;oniit aeeonipanying it, the Conmiittee resolved
that the liev. .Janicr, Chaiieo should be written to for
furtliri' ini'orniation as to the land lor the mission. Also
that bis attention should he called to the item in his

• rniijiilily "Colonial iiuJ (,'oiitiui:iit;il Church."

r f ^«^

' 1

00()

(iAIlDDN lUVKIl Sl'ATION.

riM70.

jvccomit, of V27. IH.v. (W/. stcrliiifi, jiftcrvvards trcalcd aw
.t27. IH.v. (u(. ciinciK'v. Also, that lu; should Ik; inloniKMl
that all special paynuMits should have tlu; previous sanction
of the ('onuiiittee.

The Treasurer wrote; aceordiiif^ly oti the 2()th Septeni-
her 1S7(), e.dliu;,' Mr. (Miaimc's attcntiou to tiuj item
.C27. ]^s. Cul., whether (turrency or st(;rlin}jf, and added,
*' in future it will l)t! best for you to have two columns in
" th(! mission accounts, one for curri'nev and the othcir for
" tlu! ('(juivalcnts in sterliui; money. All {^(iueral (!\peiis(!s
"should, as far as possible, hav(! the |)revious sanction of tin;
" ('onnnittee of tlu; New Kn^land (.'onipany.

" You have mentioiwd a possible ac(inisition of land lor
"the mission, and T should bo ^lad of further information
" on this subject. The New ]*]n^land C'ompany do not wisii
" to interfere with the land oecu{)ied by the Roman Catholic
" Mission in the neiji;hbourliood ofdrarden River, and we
" do not know what land is recjuircd by your mission. I
"shall be oblijjjed iCyou will inlorm me of the relation of
"the Synod of Toronto to the (Jai'den Kivcr Mission. Does
*' the Synod possess pro[)erty at (Jardeu lliver, or direct in-
" fluence V"

On the 8th of October 1870, Mr. Chance wrote as
follows to the Treasurer : —

"Since my last letter to the Company, the Lord lJislio|) of
the Diocese has visited the mission for the })urpose of lu)ldiii<if
a conlirmatioM. The Indiana made great pr(![)aralion for the
rceeption of his lordship and decorated the einu'cli very
tastefully, which presented a M'vy i)eaiiliful appearance.
Tiiey asaeiiibled on Sunday inorninLi; in hn-ge numbers to wit-
ness the interesting ceremony of the administration of the
solemn rite of confirmation, and to listen to the bishop's very
excellent sermon, which was interpreted by your missionary.
The bishoj) and liis son, the Rev. Ciiarlea Belhune, remained
at the Mission House two days, and enjoyed their visit very
much.

" The poor orphan girl who was burneil so dreadl'ully in a

HM7H.

•iitcd as
iitbiiiu'd
sunclion

ScpU'in-
lic item
I added,
liiinns in
)tlier (or
expenses
on of tlie

hind lor
onniition
not wish
I Ciitholic
•, and wo
ssion. I
ilation of
on. Does
direct in-

wrote as

IVisliop of

of holdint;

on for the

I roll very

)pL';u"Uu-c.

L-rs to wiL-

oii of tlic

lop'.s very

listiionury.

remained

visit very

rally in a

lH7(t

(iahi»i;n kin IK station.

>M) I

wif,'\vfnn, ami ulimn Mrs. CliMiit'c Ikh] rciixivcd tn tlie .Mission
Jl(tii.-s(! duriii!.!; my viMit lo Eiii^'l.-iiiil, died rt'cciitly (.f coiisiiini)-
lioii ; sIk! (piitc rci'overrd fr'niii tlic clfcctrt of tliu id)o\c-iiicii-
tioiied aceidciil, .'uid madi; j^'n-at proi,'r('.sa in Iicr Htndics, hut
(luring last winter the fiitid diHcnsc, inherited from lier parents,
heL;an to lU'Vcdop*? ilnelf and, alter month.s of lint,'ering ilhies.s,
terminated hiT e.\isten('( . Her snlferin;,'s were mitii,'aled, in a
measnre, by the constant cure and altenlion of Mrs. ("hanee,
who was more than a mother eonhl possihiy liave been to h(!r ;
h\w waH i'ully ])re|)are(l for the (diange, and died a sincere
('In-istian.

" In acknowh'dging the r(>eeipt of your Inst lettcT, T have; to
thaidc the Committee very nnieh for their donation of £20 lo
myself and ,C25 for the ereclion of a verandah and balcony,
which 1 Hliali draw on you for in due course. Tlu; Commis-
sioner of the N. I']. Company, the lion. A.J']. IJotsford, has in-
quired of me, throui^h the Jiishop of Huron, wlusther I Vtould
e.\clian<^e my mission for that oi' the Uev. Mr. Roberts; 1 havu
replied in Ihe allirmalive, if the necessary ari'anfi;(!ments can
be mad(! with the I?ishop of Toronto, and, Irustiig to tho
<i;enerosity of the Company, that thai they \\ill not sull'er me
to sustain any loss by the e.\clianij;e ; hut if the exchani^e is
to take place before winter, it should be done at once, as
navigation will close early in Novendjer. i am happy to state
that the didlculties with the Roman Catholics are in a fair
way to be satisfactorily and iinally settled. Tlic Jesuits, who
were the chief cause of the dilliculties, have been removed I'roiii
the district. Their successor wrote to im; expressing the
most friendly sentiments, which 1 cordially reciprocated.

"The Chairman of our Indian C^irnmiltee in Toronto, the
Rev. Mr. Oivins, wrott; me saying that he had been favoured
with an interview with thf! Hon. A. K. J^otsford, which v^ as very
satisfactory, AVhctber I remain or not at Garden River this
winter, I shall embrace a future opportunity of writing more
fully with reference to the wants and prospects of Indian
Missions in tbis extreme district."

On tlic 1st Novcndjcr 1870, the Committee resolved
that the Rev. James Chance should be informed that until
the report of the Honourable A. E. Botsford had been re-
ceived by the Company no decision could be arrived at by

SI;

{;■

SB i

'IHi

!■

rf'i^.-T'^

222

OAIIDEN IlIVKR STATION.

[1870.

thetn upon the subject of the ex'jhangc of missions between
himself and the Kev. Robert Jiunes Roberts. Also that
the season was then too far advaneed for any steps to be
taken in the matter that year.

The clerk communicated this resijlntion to Mr. Chance
on the 10th of the same mouth.

On the IGtli Novend)er 1870, Mr. Chance wrote a
letter to the Treasurer, from which the followiujj^ is an
extract : —

" lu refercnco to the two items iu my account rendered,
and wliii'l) it appears consist of the same figures, namely,
£27. iM.v. 0(/., one is sterling and the oilier Canadian currency ;
nud reduced to decimal currency, the former would amount to
about ^i;J5.12, and the latter ^JfULTO.

" I will henceforth adopt your suggestion, and will mention
the equivalent of sterling money in decimal currency, and, in
my next letter, I will show how the mission account stands.

" In reference to the land, I have to inform you that a tract
of land, containing 200 acres more or less, was given by the
Indians, many years ago, for the use of this missio. , first
established by the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, to the extent, at least,
of inducing the Indians to settle here, whilst he \vas acting as
missionary at the 8ault 8to. Marie, under the auspices, I think,
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and previous
to his removal to the mission, at Mahnetooahning, as chap-
lain under the Indian Department.

"It is now very desirable that we should obtain from the
Department a legal title to this land, and enclose it for the
purposes for which it was given to the mission by the
Indians.

" The Indian Committee iu Toronto has undertaken to pro-
cure from the Department the requisite title.

" In reply to your question as to the relation of the Synod
of Toronto to the Grarden Eiver Mission, I would say that it
is somewhat similar to that which exists between the Com-
pany's missions, near Brantford, and the Synod of the Diocese
of Huron.

" If any further particulars are required, I shall be haj)py to
furnish thein as far as I am able."

[1870.

1870.]

OAIIDIIN HIVIMl STATION.

between
.Iso that
|)s to be

. Cliaiicc

wrote a
ng is an

reiulcrcd,
1, namely,
currency ;
iinouut to

1 mention
y, and, in

stands,
lat a tract
311 by the
isio. , first
[;, at least,

acting as

8,1 think,
1 previous

, as fhap-

f'rom tho
it for the
n by the

en to pro-

the Synod

■lay that it

the Com-

le Diocese

(' happy to

The resolutions of the Coniniittec; of the Gth December
1870, relating ♦o the proposed exchange between Mr.
Robert J. Uoberts and Mr. Chance arc set out in full at
page 118.

On the 13th December 1870, the Committee resolved
that the lion. A. E. Botsford should be furnished with
copies of the papers in the possession of the Company re-
lating to the 200 acres of land, given by the Indians to tho
mission at Garden River, and that he should be recpicsted
and authorized to make the best arrangements he could
with the Indian Department, with the view of preventing
disputes between the Roman Catholic Mission and the
mission supported by the New England Company, and
with this view should apply for such grant or grants as he
might deem advisable.

This was communicated on the 31st December by tho
clerk to Mr. Botsford, and copies of the letters from Mr.
Ciiance, and the document enclosed therein, referring to
the land given by the Indians to the New Enghmd Com-
pany for the use of their mission at Garden River, were
forwarded to Mr. Botsford. On receipt of the clerk's letter,
Mr. Botsford promised, when at Ottawa, to obtain the
information required by the Coinpany, and undertook to
make the best terms possible with the Indian Department
relative to the lot of land given by the Indians to the
mission at Garden River.

'f^

221

fil

LENNOX ISLAND.

The AborigiiK's Protection Society e;irly in 18()7 applied
to the Treasurer solicitinj^ aid of the C'oin[)aiiy towards
purchasiiif^^ for :C40(), Lennox Island, near Prince Ed-
M'ard's Island, to be held in trust by the Society for tlic
sole benefit of the Micmac Indians, and tc form a memorial
of the services of the late Dr. Hod^kin to that Society.
The Court, in INIarch 1867, anxious to co-operate in any
plan to benefit the Indian tribes, offered £50 towards
the object contem{)Iated by the Aborigines Protection
Society, provided the Company were made, jointly witii
the Society, Trustees of the Island ; and at the same time
suggested that the Company, by reason of their perpetuity,
might be considered the most eligible body to be the
Trustees of the Island, and offered to the Society the
assist'^nce of their corporate name. A Special Committee,
in May 1807, appointed a Sub-committee to meet the
Committee of the Aborigines Protection Society, for con-
sidering the terms of arrangement as to the projioscd pur-
cha:>e of Lennox Island, and directed the terms to be
submitted for the approval of the next Court. This meet-
ing took place shortly afterwards, and arranged that the
vendor's title should be satisfactorily shown before the pur-
chase proceeded.

In DecL-niber 1868, the Society proposed that the Island
should be con eyed to the Company as trustees for the
Micmac Indians ; and the Committee resolved that they
could not recommend the grant by the Company of any
Sinn to the Aborigines Protection Society for the purpose
of jjurehasing land in Lennox Island, but understand-
ing that the acciuisitiun of the land would be benelieial

1869.]

LENNOX ISLAND.

2,25

applied
towards
ICC Ed-
' for the
lemorial
Society.
: in any
towards
'otcction
tly wit'ii
inie time
rpetuity,
) be the
3iety the
mmittec,
meet the
for con-
jsed pur-
ms to be
liis meet-
that the
3 the pur-

to the Indians settled in that Island, recommended that
the purchase (if the Aborigines Protection Society so
desired) should be made in the corporate name of the Com-
pany, in trust for the Indians of Lennox Island. However,
in Septemljcr 1 869, the Committee being informed of the
litigation which might arise in consequence of the state of
the title, resolved not to adhere to their recommen ^ .tion
of December 18G8.

;he Island
3s for the
that they
nv of anv
le purpose
[iderstand-
; bcueiiciul

226

SARNIA AND WALPOLE ISLAND.

On the 30th June 1869, the Court of the New England
Company sanctioned the grant of £20 to the Rev. Edward
F. AVilson for the Indian Mission under the Cinirch Mis-
sionary Society at Port Sarnia, Lake Huron, Canada.

Tlie Special Committee, in Deceraher 1869, made a
further grant of jC20 to the same mission, and on the 24th
March 1870, granted .£20 towards building a brick church
at Sarnia, in place of the small frame church at present in
use, which was to be made a school-house. The cost of
the brick church at Sarnia was expected to be about
81,500, or £300. An aged chief of the district, Joshua
AVawanosh Nosh, Mrote that his people (the Indians) would
do all they could to help in building the church.

On the 11th Julv 1870, the Rev. E. F. Wilson wrote
the following letter to the Treasurer : —

" I was away from home on a two montlis' tour among the
Indians of the nortli shores of tlie Lake Superior when your
kind letter, of date May 21st, arrived with contribution from
the Company of £20 towards our new churcii. I must request
you to convoy my sincere tlianks to tlie Company for tliis
libera] assistauce. I am happy to be ablo to re[)ort to you
that our missions, both at iSarnia and at Kettle Point, are in a
j^rogreshive state. Rev. John Jacobs, native minister, has
been taking charge of the mission during my absence. He
has had good congregations every Sunday, nnd our day-school,
which we recently opened, is attended by thlrty-three scholars.
I think it no*- improbable that I shall eventually receive orders
to leave the management of Sarnia Mission in the hands of
Mr. Jacobs, and remove further north, where it will be '^nore
convenient to su])erintend any missions which we may open on
the Lake Superior coast. A great scheme is proposed for the
benefit and advancement of the Lake Superior Indians, and it
meets with the general approval of Hudson Bay Company's
agents and Government officials resident in those parts. The
idea is to form a tishing establishment for the benefit and

1870.J

SARMA AND WALPOLK ISLAND.

22;

n gland
idvvard
;h Mis-
a.

nade a
lie 24th

church
csent in

cost of
c about

Joshua
s) would

)n wrote

iiong the
Iheu your
tion from
t request
for this
•t to you
are in a
ster, has
ne. He
ay-school,
scliohirs.
ve orders
hands of
be '^nore
y open on
.>cl for the
1118, and it
ompany's
■irts. The
netit and

employment of the Indians, where fish would be caught, salted,
and packed for American markets, and the proceeds of the
bu.siness would be ap|)h"e(l to the support of an Institution for
the education of the children. A small farm iniglit be attached
to the Institution, and, in addition to farming, the boys might
be taught cooperage, and the girls netting.

" It is generally allowed in this country that teaching Indiana
to farm has, as a rule, proved a failure; and tliis new scheme
of a fishing establishment is very favourably looked upon by all
to whom I have proposed it.

" If you should desire to receive any further information, I
am now in possession of full statistics as to the number, con-
dition, wants, etc., of the Indians at the various settlements
on Lake Superior, also character of the country, etc. I will
gladly furnish any information you may wish."

Tlic Committee, in July 1870, granted £10 to the Rev.
A. Jamieson, Church of England missionary at Walpolc
Island,'^ Lake St. Clair, for prizes for the encouragement
of agriculture among the Indians of that settlement.

* When the Coinmissioiiers .^I)poi^ted by the Governor-General of Canada,
Sir Ediimnd Head, Bart., in 1856, visited Walpoie Island, they rc])orted it to
contain 412 Chippewa Indians, and 313 Fottawatainies, with otiier Indians
btlonginfr; to scattered tribes; total, 821 Indians. The island is estimated to
contain 10,000 acres, of which 8,000 are capable of cultivation, the soil being of
snperior (piality. The l?ev. Andrew Jamieson is so completely master of the
Chippewa lanj^nase tliat he does not need an interpreter. Anioiif; the Fotta-
watamies, a church and school have been erected for a Methodist missionary, the
chief and several Indiims of his band being Methodists. At Algonac, on the
United Stales side of the river, the Indians of AValpole Island purchase all their
supplies. The ])ost-oilice for (he island is at Haby's Point, Lamljloii county,
Ontario, Canada. In the Report of the Society for the I'ropagatioQ of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts for 18()'.> (page 21) an aeconut is given of the Walpoie
Island Mission, and, among oilier details, the imjjrovemcnt in the mode of con-
ducting business in the Indian Councils is noticed. Mr. Janiiesou mentions
that he is present at these Council meetings simjjly as a s[iectator. The Indians
do their own writing, and draw up memorials to the Government themselves,
whilst he simply allixes his name to the document, as a witness that I' memo-
rials liave been drawn up in full Council. Mr. Jamieson has sueeeeded in per-
suading the Indians to elect a certain proportion of the members of the governing
Council of the Island, and he, as the representative of the Indian Department,
nominates other members to sit on that Council.

Q 3

t?l

t :

;i ':.

228

SARNIA AND WALPOLE ISLAND.

[1870.

On the lOtli November 1870, the llcv. Andrew Jamie-
son wrote the following letter to the Treasurer : —

" I am now in my own home, and among my own people,
having returned to America some time ago. The sura of
money (viz. £10 sterling) which you kindly gave me for the
encouragement of agriculture amongst the Indians is still in
my hands.

" 1 informed the Indians of your good wishes for their w^el-
fare, as also of your donation, and the purpose for which it
was made. They were much pleased, and send their sincere
tlianli'-

"They propose forming an Agricultural Association on the
island, with president, secretary, and treasurer, etc. etc. ; the
memhers to contribute two shillings each ; and as the Pro-
vincial Government, by way of encouragement, gives an
amount of money nearly equal to tliat raised by the Associa-
tion, we think that probably we may succeed in getting nearly
£iO or £50 as prize-money for the proposed Agricultural
Association on AValpole Island,

" Our plans, however, cannot be matured before next spring,
and consequently the £10 sterling (your gift) must remain
undistributed till next October. The Indians seemed glad to
see me on my return, and to hear an account of what I had
seen and heard.

" Owing to the great rains and heats of the past summer,
there was an unusual amount of sickness in this neighbour-
hood, in the shape of chills, ague, and low fevers, especially
during the montlis of August and September. Nor is this to
be wondered at, considering the low and swampy character of
the country around us. But I am happy to say that since the
early frosts set in, the island is quite healthy again."

[1870.
Jamic-

229

people,

sura of

! for the

.s still iu

iheir wel-

which it

ir sincere

on on the
etc. ; the
the Pro-
gives o.n
e Associa-
ing nearly
gricultural

ext spring,

List remain

led glad to

hat I had

RED RIVER SETTLEMENT.^^

Rupert's Lanu.

The Bishop of Rupert's Land, on the 29th of April and
nth of October 1869, and on the 20th of May and 7th of
October 1870, drew four bills for .£12. loi. Oil. each,
being the amount of t!ie grant of .t25 a year for tiie
years 18G9 and 1870 by tlie New England Company, for
the education of an Indian boy, at the Collegiate School
in the Red River Settlement.

ilii

t summer,
neighbour-
especially
)r is this to
laracter of
t since the

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

On the 4th October 1870, the Special Committee re-
solved that a grant of £50 per annum for three years
should be made to the Bishop of Columbia, towards the
salary of teachers at scho ^ for Indians and pagans, at
Cowichan, in Vancouver's Island.

Also, that a further grant of £50 per annum for three
years should be made to the Bishop of Columbia, towards
the salary of teachers at schools for Indians and pagans,
at Lytton, near the junction of the Eraser and Thompson
Rivers in Columbia.

* See Report for 1808, p. 80.

'r '

mil

230

AVEST INDIES.

1823-70.

For many years the Conipuny made large ajjprojjriatioiis
towards the advancement of the Cliristian religion amongst
Indians, lilaeks, and pagans, in tlic West Indies. Jie-
tween tlie years 1823 and 1829, . £'3,500 were devoted to
this object ; and during the succeeding ten years the fol-
lowing amounts were so appropriated : —

Jamaica ...... £S,G^)0

St. Christopher's .... 1,300

Nevis 1,300

Virgin Islands

300

Society for the Conversion of Negroes 1,800

.€8,300

Since that time, owing to their extensive operations in
Canada, tlie Company have been unable to devote any
large portions of tlieir funds in other quarters. Occasional
grants liave been made in individual cases, wliich were
thought specially deservinir of assistance ; but at the present
time these cases are comparatively few, and the amounts
appropriated small.

In the year 18G9 tlie Committee fouiid that the
Treasurer had a considerable balance iu hand, and the
Company's income was increasin?, by their change of in-
vestments. Accordingly, in June 1800, and iu April
1870, the Committee made two grants of ii;20 each to
^liss A. j\[. Barney for the Ladies' West Indian EJuea-
tion Society ; of these donations half was given to assist
in obtaining a good master and sewing mistress for a
school at Swanswick, Jamaica.

The remaining half was applied for schools for the
Maroons in Jamaica, which are reported to be doing much
good.

Reports have been received of the Negro girl and boy

f i

)riatu)iis
;s. 1^1^-

;V()tC(l to

tlic fol-

,G()0

,300

SOO

,800

^,300

rations in
evote any
Dccasioual
hicU were
lie present
amounts

that tlic
and the
.ugc of in-
iu April
each to
liui Eduea-
n to assist
tress for a

ols for the
loing much

irl and boy

1870.]

WEST IM)Ii:S.

231

under education for three years in Jauiaica, at the expense
of the New England Company.

Kate Patten, the girl, seems thoroughly good. She is
at the Moravian Female Training School, Hcthabara, in
]\Ianchester, Jamaica ; and the superintendent of that
establishment expresses himself quite satisfied with her
conduct and progress.

As regards the boy, the Rev. II. II. Isaacs, of Woodford,
writes that the boy H. Perkins proved insubordii<ate, and
that jVIr. Isaacs felt it necessary to remove him. Mr.
Isaacs has placed another boy in place of Perkins, Thomas
Oliphant, Mith Mr. Pearec, at the Mico School ; the moral
character of the pupil is said to be good. Mr. Peareo
writes that he is very well contented with him; and he
thiidvs that when Oliphant lias gone through the projjcr
training he will make a good teacher.

On the 19th July 1870, the Committee granted, on the
application of the Kev. II. II. Isaacs, €50 a year for three
years, towards the education of a medical student, at
Edinburgh or London University, of Derwcnt AValdron,
then between 18 and 19 years of age, and nearly black,
on condition of the Comi)any receiving each year a satis-
factory report of his conduct and progress, from one of
the authorities of the college where he would be educated.

On the 2Gth of the same month +he Kev. Mr. Isaacs,
who was then in England, wrote as follows to the
Treasurer : —

"I examined Thomas Oliphant just before I left Jumaicn,
and was perfectly satisfied witli the progress he has made.
lie can now read and spell any ordinary newspaper; writes
an excellent hand, and can cipher np to interest; in grannnar
he is behindhand, and also iiistory and geograpliy, but in
gc .- 'al and Scripture knowledge very fiiir. He is required by
the master to assist him in liis vegetable and flower garden,
but beyond that has at present no industrial training, — nor is
it given at that school. The Island Grovernmcnt have been

13 ■ i

I i'

i ■ I

232

WEST INDIES,

[1870.

particularly anxious to take up industrial training. Hitherto
their ell'orts have not been successful, having to meet and com-
bat the stubborn suspicion and idleness of the negro character.
They have, however, lately started industrial gardens, trades,
and shops in connection with the Bo^s' Reformatory, and are
commencing a normal school in conjunction with it.

" Hitherto the want of means has prevented my going into
this branch of school-work as I should have desired ; 1 sec all
its advantages, but also all its difficulties. You were good
enough to promise me some assistance in my attempt. It
should be at first on a very small scale, — and I would not
desire more than £5. If you still think this can be done, I
should be glad of it before 1 return to Jamaica in October.

" I have not seen Kate Patten since she was sent to the
Moravian Training Institution in September last. It is almost
on the other side of the island to that in which I reside, and
so she has not been able to come back to see her friends.

" The superintendent is not very full in his reports, but
what he does say is encouraging, and the notes I have received
from the girl mark a steady advancement."

On the 2nd August 1870, the Committee granted d65
to the Boys' Reformatory in Jamaiea, through the Rev.
H. II. Isaacs; and j£5 to the Orphanage at Kingston,
through Mrs. Henry Smith.

;:|:

nil;

[1870.

litherto
lid com-
laracter.
, triuk'8,
and lU'o

ing into
I sec all
in-e good
inpt. It
oiild not
e done, I
tober.
tit to tlie
i id almost
eaidc, and
nds.

)orts, but
received

xnted d£5
the llev.

vingston,

233

SOUTH AFRICA.

Two grants of £20 each, for 1809 and 1870, were made
by the Company to Miss Colenso for her scliool of Zulu
chiUlrcn near ''isliopstowc, the residence of the Bish()|) of
Natal, six miles from Pietermaritzburg, tlic chief town of
Natal.

In 18G9, !Miss Colenso's school contained 30 children,
with about equal numbers of boys and girls, of whom 22
are Zulus, 5 arc white, and 3 are half-caste. The first
six girls were taught to rc:id and write both in English
and Zulu; they also learnt English grammar, arithmetic,
and a little gcograpby.

All the children learnt to sew, and to sing songs to-
gether, as well as in part. The school hours were from
9.30 to 11.30, and from 12 to 2.

The school-room is large and commodious; it has been
fitted up with benches and desks, which, however, are very
much out of repair ; most of the children have been bap-
tized, and a translation of the New Testament by the
Bishop of Natal is their principal reading-book. A immbcr
of the girls from the first class reside in the bishop's house,
and are being educated as household servants.

On the 22nd October 1870, Miss Colenso reported as
follows : —

" In the native Zulu language the school is called Eliu-
hanyeni, or Biahopatowe. It is opened at ten in the morning,
and four hours daily are given to instrurtion.

" From January to October 1S70, this school contained 32
boys and 19 girls; total, 51 pupils.

" The average daily atti'iidance was 35.

" The native teacher, Martha, understands Dutch thoroughly,
speaks thoroughly good English, and reads and writes Euglish
fairly.

" Of the 51 scholars,—

" 19 are taught sewing.

t.ll'>:

';.

234-

SOUTH Ai'UICA.

[1870.

"20 spell ill Zulu.

" Hi rend in Zulu.

«' 1.3 read tlie Zulu TeatMincnt.

" 13 write from dictaf ion in Zulu.

"4 read the Second book in Eni^dish.

"4 rend tlie Enj^liwh Testament.

" 4 road other books.

"4 write from dietation in Enj^dish.

"9 can undersland jjlaiii Englis ,.

•' 9 can reply in plain English.

"7 can work sums in simplo addition.

•' 7 can work sums in simple subtraction.

"2 can work sums in simple multiplication.

*' 1 can work sums in simple division.

" 1 pupil has some knowledge of geography.

" Martha is a pupil teacher, aged 15, whom it is hoped to
train as a teacher during the next few years.

" The Bishop of Natal is trying to engage for the scliool a
good native teacher, John Eunyon, who is qualified to teach
reading and writing, both in Zulu and English, and arith-
metic, and who has gone through the first book of algebra.
"When the new teacher comes, it is intended to have after-
noon school as well as morning school. All the children
learn to sing, and can sing in parts.

" The pupils are children of half-civilized natives, who live
around Bishopstowe, wdiich is six miles from Pietermaritzburg,
in Natal.

" ]\Iost of the children were perfectly ignorant when first
collected together, in 180S, and the books used were the Zulu
translation of the New Testament by the Bishop of Natal,
Genesis, the Prayer Book, Pilgriui's Progress, and reading
books. The ages of the children are between 5 and 15.

" The school is examined twice a year by Mr. T. W. Brooks,
superintendent of education in Natal."

J235

ArPKXDIX I.

(p. 70.)
Obdru in Couxcil, 10 Apuil lOfll, for tmk Companv's

ClIAiriKH.

At the Court at AVIiitchiill tlio lOtli day of April KJOl

Present :
Tlie King's "Most Excellent l\r!ijesty.
His Royal Higluiess tlieDuku Earl of Sandwieli.

Earl of Lauderdale.
Lord Viscount Valentia,
Lord Roberts.
Lord iSeaniore.
Mv. Comptroller.
Mr. Vice Cluunberlain.
Mr. Secretary Nicholas.
]\lr. Secretary Morris.

of York.
Lord Chancellor.
Duke of Albemarle.
Marquis of Dorchester.
Lord Great Chamberlain.
Lord Ciiamberlain.
Earl of Northumberland.
Earl of Berks.
Earl of Norwich.

Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper.

Upon reading of ^Ir. Attorni^y General his report to this
Board upon a Petition of divers for propagating the Gospel in
America to him referred by Order of the 11th of November
16G0 and a draft prepared for renewing the Charter of the
Corporation therein specified and full debate thereof had. It is
ordered that tiie said Corporation may by the said Charter
have power to purchase £2000 per annum and may have
liberty to transport yearly £1000 in Bullion or foreign money
making entry from time to time of what shall be so transported
in the Port of Loudon in the Custom House there. And the
Lord Viscount Valentia is to consider of and examine the list
of names of the members whereof the said Corporation is to
consist and to oiler the same to the Board and according to
this direction Mr. Attorney is to till up the blanks and per-
fect the said draft of a Charter. And also to add thereunto a

• 'fc

230

AITENDIX I.

[I«fi2.

clauae tlmt all luiida tenonionts and liorcditnments heretofore
given or bi)ui,'lit to the use or usea in this Cluirter mentioned
shall from henceforth be vested in the said Corporation and
their successors with power to sue for and recover the same
and any arrears thereof duo.

Jonx NrcHOLAS.

IMiNUTEs OF Company's Frnsr Corirr, 27tii Maiicii 1G02

UNDER TUKIIl CllAUXEIl.

At a Court or Mcctini^ of the Corporation for Propagating of
the Gospel amongst tlie Heatlicn Natives in Now England
and parts adjacent in America the 27th of March 1GG2
viz. : —

Present :

Uobert Boyle Esq. Governor. INlr. .fosluia Woolnough.

The Itight lion. Arthur Earl

of Anglesey.
Mr. Henry Ashuret.
Thomas Foley Esq.
Mr. John Rolfe.
Mr, George Clarke.
Jolin iNlieklethwaite Dr. in

Phis.
Mr. Thomas Speed.

Mr. Alderman Warner.
Mr. Alderman Peake.
Erasmus Smith Es((.
Mr. James Hayes.
Charles Uoyley E,s(|.
Edmond Trench T)r in Phis.
Mr. John Dogett.
Sir Laurence Hromfield Knt.
Mr. John Benbow.

Tlie Court ordered that the Charter of Incorporation un-
der the Great Seal of England should bo read, which was done
Memor. : accordingly.

we'i-e^"'''"" Also the petitions of John Hooper and Anthony Trayford
respited till late Clerk and Messenger to the late reputed Corporation

some other ^^^ ordered to be read and upon hearing and consideration
incetiDg. 11..

thereof the Court made choice of and ordered that the said

John Hooper should be registered as Clerk and Anthony Tray-
ford Messenger to this Company.

The same day the Court ordered that new books should be
provided for the use of the Corporation and at the beginning
of one of them the Charter to be fairly entered and a Breviate
of the Charter written out for the more expedient use of the
Company upon all occasions at their meetings.

I'H

[lfir>2.

crctofore
icntionoil
ition and
the same

11I0LA8.

ncii 1(5(52

iigating of
V Englaiul
arch 1(5G2

)un;h.
•iier.
<e.

I-

ill Phia.

ifield Knt.

oration un-
•h waa done

[ly Trayford
Corporation
jnsideration
lat the said
ithony Tray-

{S should be
e beginning
d a Breviate
it uae of tlie

10C2.]

Al'I'ENDIX I.

237

AUo tlio snino day It was ordered tliat tlio Seal of the hite
reputed Corporatioii for Propagating the tiospL'l in New
England cte. be altered as soon as eonvcniently it may, and
aa inueli of the Till of the new Cliarter put into the Inserip-
tion thereof aa it wiii ac'mit of.

This day also it was ordered that the account of Mr. Henry
Ashurst late Treasurer to the late reputed Corporation bo
audited and that Mr. vMderinan PeaUe Mr. Thomas Foley
and Mr. .lohn Rolfe members of this (Nimpany be desired
and are hereby autiiorized to audit the said Mr. Aahurst his
aeeount or any two of them.

Ordered also that the account from the Connnisaioners at
New England be audited by Mr. Henry Ashurst and Erasmus
Smith Esq. members of this Company who are alao added to
the three former auditors.

Also ordered that a particular of the names of the lato
Commissioners in New England be prepared and presented ut
the next Court.

Ordered thia day also that Mr. Alderman Peake IMr. "Ridiard
lIutchinHon ]\lr. Alderman Warner Mr. Henry Ashurst IVfr.
Joshua Woolnough and Mr. Thomas Bell members of this
Company or any two of them, be and are by this v. ompany
desired to speak with IMr. Broadstreete and IMr. Norton and
others lately come from New England and desire them to
give their opinions who are the fittest persons to be employed
as Commissioners in New England for the managing of the
work there and to niiike report thereof at the ne.vt Court.

This day also it was ordered that notice and warning be
given of the Charter to all the tenants of the lands and tene-
ments heretofore purchased limited or appointed for the uses
therein mentioned and that they pay not any of the arrears
of rent or profits of the lands by them holden nor any of the
growing rents hereafter to grow due nor any other moneys
remaining in their hands for the uses aforesaid to any person
or peraons whatsoever other than to the Treasurer or Trea-
surers appointed or to be appointed by the Governor and
Company.

Ahjo at this Court the Eight Hon. the Earl of Anglesey a
member of this Corporation made known that Mr. Secretary

■I

II f

I I

238

APPENDIX I.

[lGfi2.

Morrifc, Imvinp; a hundred pomulH left in his hanch to dispose
of to fliaritable uses was pleased to add fifty pounds more of
liis own tluTcunto and f^ive it unto this Corporation for tlio
uses specified in tlic Charter. I'or wliich gif* the said I-larl is
desired by this Court to give tlianlts unto the said Mr. Secre-
tary Morrice.

This day also the Company ordered that a Court be sum-
nnoiied t :> meet on Thursday next, being the third day of Api-i.,
1G()2.

Selection fiiom Subskquknt jMinutes, 3ud April 1002 to
22nd Fkhuuahy 1720.

At a Court or ^leet'ing of the Corporation for Propagating the
Gospel amongst the Jleathen Natives in Xew I'^ngland and
})arta adjacent in America the Ihd of April 1(502 viz. : —

Present :
Robt. Boylo Esq. Governor. j\Ir. 7\lderman Peako.

Sir Laurence l^romlield Knt.
Mr. Alderman Bathurst.
Wni. Antrobus Esq.
Thos. Foley Escp
Ut^puty Clias. Uoyley.
]Mr. Henry Ashurst.
Mv. Joini Rolfe.
Mr. Thomas Speed.
Mr. Josluia Woolnough.

Ur. Thomas Cox.
Ml'. James I J ayes.
INIr. John Acroyd.
Mr. Thos. Gillib.and.
Dr. Edmond Trench.
Mr. Laurence Brinsley.
Mr. (xeorge Clarke.
J)r. John Micklelhwaitc.
Mr. John Jurian.

K'i'

'i 1

At this Court (alter the Orders of tli last Court were read)
]Mr. vMderman Peake Thomas Foley Li-(|. and Mr. John
liolfe members of this Corporation according to the orders of
the last Court of the 27th of .March last Jtejjorted their audit-
ing of Mr. Henry Ashurst his account lato Treasurer to tho
late reputed Corporation whereupon it was ordered by this
Court that tho said account should be entered into a book
and that the said JNIr. Alderman Peake Thos. ]'\)ley Es(|. and
Mr. John liiM'a be desired to subscribe their names thereunto.

Also at this meeting it was taken into considoi-atiou the
choosing a lit and able person to bo Treasurer to this Corpo-
ration and after debate thereof this Court made choice of

[1GB2.

dispose
more of
1 for tlio
(1 Eiirl is
r. Hcero-

be sum-

of A[.i-lM

L 1(5G2 TO

nratin" the
1^1 and and
iz. ; — •

10.

1G02.]

APPENDIX I.

239

ul.

ll.

pley.

Iiwiiitc.

wcrn rcsvd)

Mr. John

Ihi" orders of

tlu'ir audit-

,surer to the

■red by tliis

into a book

[ley Esq. and

;s thereunto.

Idcrutiou the

1) this Corpo-

ie choice of

Mr. Henry Asliiirst a nieinbor of this Corporation to be
Treasurer tliereunto.

Likewise at this Court it wa.s concluded and ordered that
llie Sahiry of Jolm llooj)er Clerk to this Corporation should
be for tliia your forty pounds and that ho should have over
and above, for liis extraordinary pains in attending and pro-
secuting the business of tiiis Cor[)orati(jn such a coin[)etent
allowance as the Company or Society shall judge meet.

This Court also agreed to and ordered that the Salary of
Anthony Trayfc^rd Messenger to this Corporation shall be for
this year ten pounds.

It was likewise concluded and ordered by this meeting that
the oflicei's to this Corporation as namely, the Ti'easurer
Clerk and Messenger shall be chosen every year.

At this Court also it was concluded and ordered that John
Hooper Clerk to this Corporation shall collect and gather all
the rents oelonging thereunto and pay them into the hands
of ISlr. Henry Aslnu'st Treasurer to the said Corporation
and that the said John Hooper shall give security for his
iaithlulness in that trust.

Ordered also at this Court that three or four more (besides
the Lord Chancellor) of the Lords' names members of this
Corporation be inserted in the letters to be written to the
tenants of the said Corporation.

This day also this Court ordered that IMr. Henry Ashurst
Treasurer to this Corporation be desired to ])ay eight hundred
pounds for carrying on the printing of the Bible in the Lidiau
language in New England and other business there in order
to the propagating of the Gospel amongst the heathen natives
ia New England aforesaid and parts adjacent in America.

It is also this day (ordered by this (.'ourt that Mr. Ifenry
Ashurst Treasurer to this Corporation be desired to provide
all such books etc. as he thinks convenient and necessary for
the use of the said Corporation.

Likewise at this Court ]\ir. F^aurence TJrinsley a member
of this Corporation was desired to speak to Mr. James about
the house Mr. Hylord lives in to ma'',>' a firm title of it to the
said Corporation.

This day also this Court ordered that another court be

ill'

■. I II! I J II

240

APPENDIX I.

[1G62.

summoned to meet on Thursday next iu the afternoon being
the 10th of April 1002.

At a Court or Meeting of the Corporation for Propagating of
tlie Gospel auiongst the heathen natives iu New Euglaud
and parts adjaceut iu America the 10th of April 1002 viz. : —

Present :
Eobert Boyle Esq. Governor. Mr. Joshua AVoolnough.
The Lord Eoberts. Dr. John jMicklethwaite.

Sir Laurence Bromfield Knt. Mr. John Dogett.
Alderman Batlmrst. Mr. Thomas Gillibraud.

Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer. Mr. John liolfe.
William Antrobus Esq. Mr. Thomas Speed.

Mr. George Clarke. INlr. Thomas Jiell.

The Court after much conference with Mr. Norton and
Mr. Broadstreete lately cor.e from New England about the
good work of propagating e Gospel amongst the heathen
natives iu New England etc. and in conclusion found it
most expedient that for this year the said work should be
carried on as formerly by such Commissioners as the several
Colonies made choice of.

Also this Court desired Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to
this Corporation to signify by letter to the Cominissiouers at
New England for tlicir encouragement in carrying on so good
a work this new Corporation hath taken order for the pay-
ment of £800 w Inch they wrote about whereof £500 is already
paid and thai the said Corporatiou would use all means pos-
sibly they could for the perfecting so good a work and to
desire the said Commissioners that they would forward the
said work with all care and diligence and with all prudence iu
respect of charge because a. present the Corporatiou stock is
ver^ low and the greatest part of their revenue unrighteously
withheld from them which will be very chargeable to regain.
And also that this Corporatiou desires that the said Coinmis-
sioners wou'i call to their assistance all such persons whether
Ministers or others that may be useful unto them in their
meetings and to send over unto this Corporation as near as

[1G62.
)on being

1GG2.]

APPENDIX I.

ngating of
' England
;2 viz. :—

ugh.
vuite.

iiud.

or ton and
about the

he heathen

a. found it
should be

tlie several

reasurer to
issloners at
on so good
)r the pay-
is already
means pos-
ork and to
brward the
prudence in
on stock is
righteously
to regain,
id Commis-
ous whether
'in in their
ti a^' near as

they can estiinaie how much the remainder of the Bible that
is yet to print will cost.

Likewise ordered by this Court that the letters of informa-
tion and warning to Mr. John Cheston and Mr. James J'arker
at Eriswell in Suffolk tenants to this Corporation be carried
by a messenger of their own from London which was com-
mitted to the cure of Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this
Corporation and Mr. John llolfe a member of the same.

Also this Court desired Robert Boyle Esq. Croveruor of
this Corporation to use the best of his endeavours with the
Lord Chancellor for a general t-ontribution for tlie carrying on
the good work of propagating the Gospel amongst the heathens
in New England and parts adjacent in America.

Likewise it was ordered that another Court be summoned to
meet the 21th of this present April.

At a Court or Meeting of the Corporation for Propagating of
the Gospel amongst the heathen natives in New England
and the parts adjacent in America the 21th of A[)ril 1002
viz. : —

Present :
lu)bert Boyle Esq. Governor. Mr. Joshua Woolnough.
ytv. Henry Ashurst Treasurer. Mr. John llolfe.
-Mr. Aldertium AVarner. Mr. Thonuis Speed.

William Autrobus Esq. Mr. Tliomas Bell.

Tliomas Foley Esq. Mr. Barn. ^Meeres.

^Ir. George Clarke. Mr. Thomas L, iUibrand.

At tliis Court Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Cor-
poration and ]Mr. John llolfe a member of the same made
their report of sending a messenger to Eriswell in SuU'olk
concerning the Corporation's two tenants there namtdy, Mr.
Cheston and Mr. Parker. The report is in writing.

Upon the said lleport the Court argued several things cou-
oeruing the said tenants about their attorning tenants to
11 Cohmel Bedingfield and paying hiui rent and other matters

I relating to that business and ordered that .Mr. Henry

Ashurst Treasurer to this Corp ration and Mr. John Rolfe a

"^^m

1 (

:<? ly

M'rrvmv i

lilt!

tiKMnlici' nl j 1)0 Mimic 111' jiml iin' In itIm dfiiicil In iiuilic
!\|ipli<'!i( i>u\ 111 till' I\ii\i;'m \(|.«in('\ (Jriiruil liT lii'i inlviii' iliul
CiMincil \\l\lrl\ ('i'\irl wlicilliT lllr ( 'liMill'l'l \ iir l'',\rliri|Mir Im<
innsl ('\ |ii'i|i('i\( li'rvhilul ;\ lull m Mi'MniMl ('.'IiHirl nrilmi'lii'lil
mill ((I I'i'l i\ I)ill (lr:\\\n inciu ilin",h

l,lK('\\is(< lltM ('nml (ililricil tli:i( '\\ v llrlH'V \^'llMr'<l.
Tn'ir-driT lo (lii-i ( 'niporiU iiu\ mIumiIiI -inli'lv llif ini"JMi'ii^i f
lor hiM jiMirui'x lo l'"/riH\M'll in Nnll'.ilK iilimil llw ( 'iir|ini ;il imi
Itiismcs-i.

Ai ;\ ('.Mill or IMi'clinif ol" llic ( 'nr|inr!lliiill loi' |M'i>|iMirfil iiiir III*"
(l.i'-pi'l in New l'ln<;l;\i\(l iUdl |i;n'lM MiljiU'cnl, ill A incricii i lie

l.Mli o\' M.n KKi'J.

I'icscnl

Ki'lii'il Uox Ic l"-ij ( i«i\ crnnr. .Inlin h'nllt'.
I Irnrv Aslnirst Tii'iisuri r
Mrnsiiuis Sn\\ I h INii.

l\i>iHiiM r-inrril

( Iciiri'i' < 'liirKc

IvliMOiul rri'iirli l)i>i'lor in 'l'hi>ni!u< ( J illiliriiiul.

'IS.

•)t>lni l)oj',('(.

Sir I .aiiri'Ui'i' Uriimliclii K ii(

ll this il;i\ onliTCil ll\Mt M i\ llciuv Asliiirsi 'IVi'Msiiri'i' ul'

this ( \'ri>iM:U ii'ii ii-;illui!;' (o his ;isMis(;iiu

Miiv two or Ihn

mcniluMs of llh' same) ho ilosiicd lo laKo ciro Ihal Iho Imiiso
situatt^aiul hciii;: w ithin Iho parish called I l<dv Trinil v l/oiidmi
lato in (h(^ poss,^ssion ol' Mr. I'honiaH Ihlord ho rorthwilh lot.
at lh<'' host rout and lino that ho oan jm'1, lor tho Haiiio and
vt'porl his proooodin^s horoiipon at tho noxt iiiootiiig ol thi-«
Court.

.\t ll\(^ sanu^ tiiiu' it \\a« t>rdorod that I ho dral'l ol' tho con
\»M;nu'('ot' t ho lioiiso sit iiato and hoiiiij; within 'I'rinily I'arish
London bo showod lo Ui'piitv Jainos who is dosiroil to porlocl
Iho oon\ov!inoo thoroot" to tiiia Cor|)oration witii all ooiivoiiioiit

fsni'ot

WluToasa suit iiilawis intoiidod to bo ('(imnioncod by this(\)r-
porativm ngninst roloiiol Tiionuis U(>dinj;tiold and olliors for tho
rooovorv of sovoral manors and lands calKMl Krisw(<ll Hall and
riiamborlinos in Iho Tarisb of I'lriswcll within tlu^ ooniitv ^'f

mvi.

\im

\\'V\-.S\}\\ I.

7 in

, (• nnil

ipirl' lit'
|i,,nlnl>l

rutin!': il"'
i„>ri-'H tlx'

(lu> Ili'IMi'

\\\m or tb'iH

(•011V(Mli''l\t

lilhiM's tor tho

SllUnlll wllicll '■•;ImI UIIMIiil-4 (Hul I'IIhN Mllirlil, ji) «'i|l|ify l<i l)(»

I'lijtivcil liv (III- miiil ( 'Mr|iitnil inn il i^^ iivi\i'vri\ \\<n\ Mr

.ImIhi \(

C ll ll' (l)l(' II

r llli' miMlilnTH III I I|(> u:!!!!'' Iio (ll'MI I'll) . I (i

'I'lii'il nlmi niijctcil IIimI Mr llnwy A-fliiii-'l I'lMi-'tircr nl' l.'"'lv/.|
Iliin ( 'Mf|iiii :il inn III' ili'MJirij In iiHix llii> «.f:\\ nl Mii- i-t:ii<| C'lr

ilr

li.r ',(

ii'l (iii( I lie

|iiir;ili'>n iiiiln Ihc h'I'ihc iniw r'viM Imi' I lir ilmrlmri^c nf rrMiui-t lli' iii'pii»'y
WlM'IM'r IV'i| \Miiiiiiiii III' llic ('iiy III' I,iiii(|'pm ;ii;i| I»;iii|(|
niiiiidrll f xcriilMiM (iT llip IimI uill (iinl I^'hIiuihiiI nl linluiid
i'liiyil <>r lli(> Htiul ril V ( jmiriioi- iiii'l 'I'li iiMiirr In Uim IjiIm
( 'iir|i(irfittiiii I'of iiKMicvM rcimiiiiiii;; in Iih IkiikU iit. llic liinc ni'

luM lIciTilMC.

()rili'iri| llllll. Ilip li'llcr nil \ rnnl In l»r w nl In l-lic CniniriH

HldlK

Mr. A 4liiir«t.

'I'M Inr lli(> I ' Milnl ( 'nIniiii'H nl' Ncw I'/nj'limd m New V,)itf r' i.'irt.) tli;tf.

liind lie (i|i|i|iivrM| iiiiil lluil. llu- H!iiim> In- fnitliwilli I niiiHcnl)(ul
Mini Hciil. Willi nil riiin riiii'iil Mjicrd iiiiln I lie s;iid Cninmis-

i;|n|U>CM.

A I llic miiiir lime il u;v< mdirrd l.li.il Mr. Il'iiry .Aslmisl,
'rrciiHiinT (if Miin ( 'm [imiil imi lir dcmred In pny iintn Antlinny
'I'l'iivlnid ni<'HH(>iti;('i' nl' I 111' ."iiiiir liM i| ii.'i 1 1 cr'.H •<iil;iry diic flir< i..^^,!
'J5ili ddv III' M.'IitIi I;isI. Inr lii,^ ;il tnidfiiirc ii[inn ;ihd sciv co
dniH> liir I li»> Hitid ( 'or|(iii';il mil.

WlirrciiH iJiin ( 'ni'|t(Mfil mil i.s iiilnnni d tli.'it. Mr. Ilfiiriiif^')
M iiiisl.cr of till' (lnH|itl III l.li(! ('ily rif Vnrk d^■(•(•;l.^»!fl did liy
lli^ liist will iind Ir.slatiicnl, in w riiiiit^ niv(( a lc;.;;i<;y of fifty
|iniiiid.4 Hicrlinj^ iiiiln IImh nr tlir lutr ( 'ni|)nriit,inii f,ov\iird-'. ftir;
• '.irryiiii^ (III iiiid |iiniiinl.iiii^ (lie. (iiH|)»d ,'llllnll:^'^t, Mif; Ixnit hen
mil ivcs (»r New I'liinliiiHl in .N'fw I'in^lfind it. i.s tlioiitjfif. fir,
iiml ordered I IkiI. M r. 'riiniiuiK ( '< illilir/nid f»nf; of t.lic iminber.-i of
llii.s ( 'nrjioralion he desired to w rite unto Mr. Fvlvvfirrl Holls
JMiiiinl,i'r of the (iu.Hpel, roHidiiif^ within the naid eity de.Hirin<(
liini Id proriire the M;iid legacy or Hnm ti\' fifty jmiuid.-i to ho
paid mill) I Im naid < nrporatiori aecnrdingly.

llif lill'T i-t

ei-lit.

K .i

21.t

Arpi:M)ix I.

[1002.

Thomas (jiillibrand.
Sir L'lurcnce Broinfieki, Knt.
Deputy Thomas Staynes.
Deputy Cliarles Doyloy.
James IIa\es.

At ii Court or Meeting of the Corporation for propagating tlio

(losj)el in New Enghuul and pai'ts adjacent in Aiueiica the

22ml of October 1002 viz. :—

Present :
Kobert Eoylo Esq. Governor. Dr. John INEicklcthvvaite.
lleiu-y Ashurst Treasurer.
Deputy Eicliaid llutehinson
Tliomas Speed.
John Kolfo.
George Clarke.
Alderman William Aiitrobus.

Whereas Mr. Henry Corrn'sh tenant to the house situate in
Trinity Pariali London hath this day made it his request that
in regard of the fine given by him for the said house and also
in regard of the great charge he liath been at in repairing the
same that the covenant mentioned and expressed in the draft
of his lease whereby he is not to alien let or set without
leave and licence fh'st had and obtained from this Corporation
in that behalf may be lel't out which the said Corporation
having considered and debated do think tit to oi'der. And it
is herebv ordered that for the reasons before mentioned tlie
said clause be expunged accordingly. And that the said Mr.
Cornish do pay unto this Corporation the yearly rent of £00
during the term of years granted and mentioned in the said
lease.

It is this day ordered that Sir Laurence Bromfield, Knight,
^Tr. Henry Aslnirst, Mr. John Kolfe, Mr. Kichard Hutchin-
son, Alderman AVilliam Antrobus, and Mr. Thomas Gillibrand,
or any two of them be desired to take a survey of the house
situate in Trinity Parish lioudon and see whether all the
goods and utensils formerly taken and mentioned in a schedule
annexed to the former lease do siill remain and be in the said
house and what is now affixed to the same and also to survey
the groinids upon which the said house stands or belongs there-
unto from east to west and from north to south and to take the
dimensions of every individual room within tlie said house
and that they be desired to consider of the draft of a lease
and prepare the same for the seal of this Corporation and

[1062.

Ling the
Mica the

lite.

old, Knt.

;nos.

Icy.

situate in
quest tlmt
^e and also
pairing the
11 tl>e draft
,et wltivout
Corporation
Corporation
er. And it
ntionod the

16G2-«J8.]

APPENDIK I.

215

le said Mr.
ent of £c;G
in tl\e said

leia, Knigiit,
a llutchin-
Gilllbrand,
of the house
;ther all the
iu a schedule
)e in the said
ilso to survey
belongs there-
id to take the
said house
aft of a lease
rporation and

report their proceedings liercin at the uext meeting of thia
Court.

Then also ordered that tho aniuiities of £12 per annum to
tlie Company of Merchant Tailors and of £-1 per annum to
the parish of Koly Trinity London payable out of the house
situate within the same parish do allow the taxes according to
the Act of Parliament and that the remainder be paid uiito
the said Com[)any and parish accordingly.

It is this day ordered that the common seal of this Cor[)ora-
tion be affixed to the counterpart of the deed t-igni'd sealed
and delivered unto this Corporation by Mr. James .fames of
the house situate in Trinity Parish London. And INIr. Henry
Ashnrst Treasurer of the said Corporation is desired to see
the same done accordingly.

Then also ordered that it be referred unto ]\[r. Henry
Aahurst Treasurer of tiiis Corporation who is desired to satisfy
and pay Edwai-d Aekworth fur his pains in travellin<^ into the
counties of Norfolk and Suffolk to serve his Majestv's writs
of subpaMia in Chancery upon i ?nry Eeddinglield Esq. James
Parker and John Clieston tlefpi"''">*.o to a bill of complaint
exhibited against them and rv s in his Majesty's Court of
Chancery at the suit of INlr. jtichard Hutchinson and others
plaintiffs.

At a Court held at Sir William Ashurst's house in AVat-
ling vStreet London, on Friday 17th February IGOS.

Present :
Sir Willian^ ishurst Governor. Mr. Thomas Glover.

Thomas Earl of Stamford.
Sir Henry Ashhurst.
Sir John Mordeii.
Sir Thomas Lane.
Sir Edmund Harrison.
Dr. Daniel Cox.

Mr. lioger Lock.
Mr. Deputy Gun.
Mr. Edward Barton,
Mr. Thomas Trench.
Mr. John Hibbert.
]\lr. Joseph Thomson.

Ordered that the clerk of this Company do fortliwith pay
to Alderman Nicholas Cliarltou a?signee of Mr. (iammon
£100, on the conditions mentioned in tlio order of the 12th of
January last for that purpose there not being a sullicient

/ r-

aiG

AIM'i;Vi)l.\' I.

[1698

minibcr of this Company present at the making of the said
last-mentioned order.

A letter from Kit-hard Lord Bellemont to the Governor
being read relating to a proposal of providing five itinerant
ministers to preach the Gospel to the Five Nations of the
Indians.

Ordered that Monsieur Boudet (reeommended by Mr,
John Quick) be one of tiie said five ministris, and that the
other four be sent from Harvard C\ "ege in Cambridge to be
cliosen by the Commissioners there. And that tlie said live
ministers dwelling in and preacliinn; to the inhabitants of
those Five Nations have £00 \)rr an)ium aihnved them out of
the stock of this Com], .my in New England.

The letter from Mr. William Stoughton and INFr. Increase
IVIather being read relating to the death and disability of
several of the Commissioners of New England, —

Ordered that j\Ir. Cotton Mather, jNlr. Nehemiidi Walter,
INIr. Samuel ScAvel, INIr. Peter Serjeant, j\Ir. John Foster, and
Mr, Tliomas Banister, be added to the surviving Connnis-
sioners of this Corporation there.

Ordered that Mr. Simon Clements be dismissed from his
being a Commissioner in New England his occasioiis not
admitting his going thitlier and that all j)o\vers and autho-
rities granted to him by this Corporation be revoked and
they are hereby revoked accordingly.

Ordered that £500 be remitted to New England to
William Stoughton Esq. (viz.) £250 by Mr. Samuel Ash-
hurst and £250 by Mr. Joseph Tliomson by bills to be by
them charged at £33 per cent, wliich is tlie must that has been
ofl'ered for the same which said £500 shall he paid to them
by the Clerk of this Company.

Ordered that the Governor be desired to write to the Com-
mif-sioners in New England to inform them of all the matters
ordered at this meeting or such of them as he shall think
Ht. And that the Treasurer do assist him in what informa-
tion he can give him relating to the aflairs oi'New England,

Ordered that Mark Moor be the IMesseuger of this Com-
pany for the future and that the clerk do pay him ibrty

[1608
ic said

ovornor
tinerant
, of tlio

by Mr.

that tl\o
,(te to Ih'
said five
itaiita of
•m out ot

Increase
ability of

h AValter,
\)ster, and
' Comwis-

fl from his
af^ions not
ind autho-
■Yokcd and

1(51)8.]

APPKNDIX I.

2i7

^ngianc

id to
muiel Atfh-
to be by
t has been
xid to thciu

to the Com-
thc matters
shall think
lat informa-
Eiiglaud.
)f this Com-
V him forty

sliillinf];^ per annum by quarterly |)ayiiieuts the llrst payment
tliereof to eoininence from Jiady l)ay next.

Ordi'ied that before any money be ordered for the future to
be remitted to New EnghiiicI, notice shall be given thereof at
the then next precedent Court that thereby tlie highest ex-
change may be gotten for the same and notice is liereby
given that this Company will remit more moneys thither at
the next Court.

Tlie Clerk of this Company reported that in pursuance of
the orders of Sth of June 1(597 he with another pt'i'son had
been at Plumstead in Kent to view the Com[)aiiy's farm
there now in the possession of "William Abe and that the
house belonging to the said farm being very old and much out
of repair he had agreed with the said William Abe to allow
liim a year's reut in consideration of his repairing the same
at hi.s own charge which allowance was to bo the last year's
rent of his new lease.

Ordered tluit the new lease produced be made and granted
to the said William Abe, of tlu; said farm, for 21 years to com-
mence from INIichaeluias 1G99 at £75 per aniuim for the first
20 years of the said terui and a peppercorn only ft)r the last
year thereof under the same covenants as are contained iu tlie
former lease except oidy a covenant for the yearly payment
ofabuslujlof uuistard seed, there bi'iiig none growing upon
the [)remisys as formerly and that the clerk do aillx the Com-
pany's seal thereunto accordingly.

Ordered that the clerk's account of guineas and dipt money
be referred to Sir Eduiund llarris^on aiid Mr. Joseph Thom-
son to examine the state of that matter in order to the dis-
charging the same aiul that they do make their report thereof
at the next meeting.

The Clerk of this Company reported that he had taken a
bond of Ivichard Lord IJeliemont to the Company iu the
penalty of £1-100 conditiojied for his answering and niaking
good of several bills of exchange for £700 remitted to JS'ew
England at £35 per cent, exchange according to the order of
2Gth August 1697.

The Governor reported that he had not yet had au oppor-

I i

218

M'J'KNDIX I.

[1698.

tunity to inspect the nccounta of the trustees of Robert
Boyle E8(]. relating to £15 per annum allowed to Harvard
College in Cambridge. The executors of Mr. Boyle's will
being out of town but that ho will taUe the first opportunity
so to do.

Ordered that Mr. Peter Ilowt, William Kissin Esq., Sir
John Moor, Sir Samuel Barnardiston, Sir Kobert Clayton, Sir
Thomas Cook and (li'orge Boon Es(i. be disinissod from their
attLMidance on this Corporation, their affairs not acbiiiUiiig
their attendance thereupon for several years la.st past. The
persons last above mentioned being dismissed and several of
the members of this Corporation being lately deceased the
persons following were this day elected in their room (viz.)
Sir Bartholomew Graccdieii, Sir James Collet, Sir Thomas
Cuddon, Sir Edward "Wills, Colonel Edward Cresner, Henry
Ashhurst Esq. of the Inner Temple, Mr. Deputy Sherbrook,
JMr. liobert Ashhurst, Mr. Charles Dubois, ]\lr, Charles
Jlerle, and Mr. Edward Eichier.
Peniscd So that the Com])aiiy now consists as well of the members

an'l'^lettlcd '"^^ above-mentioned as al^io of those continued and surviving
by Sir Wil- whose names are hereinafter particularly mentioned viz., Sir

liaiii A!*!'- William Ashurst the present Governor, Sir Thomas Lane,
iirst the ' ' '

Governor Mr. Joseph Thomson, Mr. Thomas Hunt, ]\Ir. Thomas Trench,

23'dTG'J8 ^^''^^^^'^' Dolins Esq., Mr. Eoger Lock, Sir John Morden,
Mr. Thomas Glover, Sir Henry Ashurst, Dr. Daniel Cox, Sir
Samuel Clarke, Sir Eichard Levet, Lord Chancellor Soniers,
Sir Jeremiah Sambrook, Baron Hatsell, ]\[r. Deputy Gun, J^Tt-.
Deputy Scriven, Mr. Deputy Eyre, Sir Thomas Halton, Sir
Gabriel Eoberts, Sir Thomas Abney, Sir William Hedges
Hugh Boscowen Esq., Sir William Cole, Sir Edmund Harri-
son, Eichard Lord Bellemont, Sir Edward Clerk, Sir John
Sweetapple, Samuel Powell Esq. Mr. Thomas Gunston, Mr.
John ilibbert, Mr. Edward Barton, and Thomas Earl of
Stamford,

17()0.1

APPENDIX I.

249

At a Court held at Sir Willmin Ashhurat's house in Watlhig

Street London on Tuesday June llth 1700.

Present :
Sir William Ashurst Governor.
Thomas Earl of Stamford. Sir Thomas Lane.

Sir Samuel Clcrke. Mr. Josepli Tliompson.

Henry Aahurat Esq. Mr. Ro<j;('r Lock.

Ordered that £050 be remitted to New England to
"William Stoughton Esq. viz. £100 Ly Sir Thomas Jjane
£200 by Mr. Borrett £200 by Mr. James Kolleston and
£150 by Mr. John Clarke by bills to be by them drawn at
£35 per cent, which is the most that has b(>en oiVered for the
same which said £050 shall be paid to them by the Clerk of
this Company as soon as the same shall be by him received
for rent due to this Company.

A letter from the Lord Bellemont being read relating to an
additional salary for the itinera it ministers in New England.
Ordered that the £00 per annum formerly allowed to the said
itinerant ministers be made up to £80 per annum New
English money not exceeding three years to come, this Com-
pany hoping that afterwards some other way will be found
out for the answering and making good the said salaries, but
they fear that the revenues of this Company will not admit of
those salaries as a constant or standing allowance.

And that it be left to the said Lord Btdlemont to choose
out of the colleges in Cambridge there such a number of
itinerant ministers as he shall think necessary to carry on
that work.

Ordered that the Governor be desired to write to the Lord
Bellemont and also to the rest of the Commissioners in New
England to inform them of all matters ordered at this meet-
ing relating t> the affairs of this Company in New England.

Ordered that Mr. John Carter (who has been for a con-
siderable time employed in the receiving the rents at Eriswell
and returning the same to London) be for the future the
Steward of the Manor there and that he do keep the next
Court that is to be held for the same Manor and that he have
an authoritv for so doinjjr under the Counuon Seal of this

■ '-:

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TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

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M 12.0

2.5

2.2

lit
I. ^

Hut.

11-25 ■ 1.4

1^
1.6

«?

250

APPENDIX I.

[1700-20.

Company if it be necessary and that the Clerk of this Coin-
])any do prepare such authority and do a£Bx the Seal of this
Company thereunto accordingly.

Ordered that Mr. Thomas Silliard the late Steward of the
said Manor do deliver up to the said Mr. Carter the present
Steward the Court Eolls of the said Manor and the Court
Bcok and all writings and papers relating to the said Manor
which he has now in his custody, which said Mr. Carter may
give the said Mr. Silliard a receipt for the same.

Ordered that the said Mr. Carter do deliver up the said
Court Rolls to the Clerk of this Company that the same may
be by him kept together with the ancient title to the said
Manor.

Ordered that the said Mr. John Carter do procure the
rental of the Manor of Eriswell and that he do renew the
same at large and insert which are free and which are copy-
hold tenants and the numbers of acres they hold, and in
order thereunto tliat he do immediately procure the Court
Pwolls from Mr. Silliard for his instruction and that he do
make out a particular of the profits of Court for seven years
last past.

There being but a small number of the members of this
Company now present they did not think tit to settle the
clerk's accounts of guineas and dipt money at this time
according to the order of the last Court.

Ordered ttiat it be referred to the next Court to be settled
and adjusted accordingly.

At a Meeting of the Company for Propagation of the Gospel
in New England and parts adjacent in America at the
house of the Governor Eobert Ashurst Esq. in Little
Distafte Lane upon Wednesday the 22nd day of February
Anno Domini 1720.

Present :
Robert Ashurst Esq. Governor.
Mr. John Gunston Treasurer. Mr. Edward Richier. |

Joseph Thomson Esv^. jun. Mr. Arthur Martin,

1720.]

APPENDIX I.

251

Mr. Samuel Slieafe.
Mr. William Ashurat.
Mr. Thomas Gering.
Mr. Thomas Western.
Mr. Joshua Brice.
John Lane Esq.

Mr. Samuel Ashurst.
Mr. Eobert Atwood.
Daniel Dolings Esq.
Mr. James Townsend.
Mr. Eobert Harrison.
Mr. Thomas Styles.

The Orders of the last Court of 3rd May 1720 being read
now tlie same were approved of and confirmed.

The G-overnor's letter also of 13th May 1720 to Samuel
Sewall Esq. being read the same was approved of.

Then Mr. Sewall's several letters of 22nd April, 3rd Mnv,
26th July, and 9th September last being likewise read tha
Governor was desired to return proper answers to each of
them and particularly to take notice of the Company's great
concern for the conversion of the Eastern Indians (which by
order of the last Court was earnestly recommended to the
Commissioner's care) and to press the Commissioners to use
their utmost interest with the Governor and Council of New
England to remove the obstacles which have hindered hitherto
so good a work, and especially that the boundaries of their
lands may be settled, all encroachments upon them for the
future be prevented that thereby their jealousies may be
removed and they and the English may live in a neighbourly
correspondence together. Towards the effecting of which
desired end if the Commissioners think it proper to make
any application to the Government here for their orders to that
purpose to the Governor and Council of New England the
Company will use their interest for obtaining them. The
Governor was also desired to discourse Mr. Dummer on this
subject, to know his sentiments relating to it and engage his
assistance as far as shall be thought necessary for promoting
so necessary a work.

Mr. Gunston reported liis having received of Mr. Joshua
Brice, Mr. Hulbert's legacy of £500 to this Company, and the
snid sum of £500 \\as now ordered to be remitted to the
Commissioners in New England with what other sums shall
now be agreed on.

Ordered that the Clerk of this Company do write to the

. i! • i

I l*i''.

i tl

M „

ifi

'^11

ii
I'll

;(

1.:

I" i

252

APPENDIX I.

[1720.

Company's agent Mr. Carter in Suffolk and acquaint him

that the Company having this day taken notice, that there has

no money for a considerable time been paid by him to their

Treasurer the Company is very much dissatisfied therewith

The tenants and do expect that all arrears of their tenants' rents be imrae-

to pay al- ^jately paid in according to the agreement concluded some-

for the time since with them. Mr. Carter is to be pressed

future the earnestly to make a speedy return to the Company's expecta-

willTneTCr *^°'^ ^^^Y wanting money to complete the remittance now

staysolong. resolved on for New England.

It being now proposed and resolved on to make a remit-
tance of one thousand pounds to the Company's Commis-
sioners in New England the persons following were agreed on
to have their respective shares in the said remittance, they
giving their several and respective bills payable three mouths
after sight (at furthest) upon their several correspondents in
bills of credit of the Province of Massachusetts Bay New
England after the rate of £250 New England money for
every hundred pounds sterling they shall receive of this Com-
pany viz. : —

Mr. John Lloyd for the use of 1 £. £.

Colonel Adam Winthorpe . . J 100 2i50.

Mr. John Lane for Colonel Fitch . . 200 500.

Mr. Lane on his own account .... 250 G25.

Mr. Thomson, jun 40 100.

Mr. Newman 36 90.

Mr. Dummer 274 685.

Mr. Saltonstall 3 250.

£1000 2500.

Maximillian Western Esq. a member of this Company
being dead Mr. Thomas Mollis was unanimously elected a
member of this Company in his stead. Mr. James Woodsido
a minister lately come from New England laying his case
before the Company and praying for some allowance for his

• r lETi.

1720.J

APPENDIX I.

services done amongst the Eastern Indians in New England
bis case was considered and in regard to his circumstances
and the aforesaid services and several recommendations the
Company thought tit to allow him £25 and the Treasurer
Mr. G-unston was ordered to pay it him accordingly. But
this charitable act of the Company ia ordered not to be drawn
into a precedent for the future, the Company judging their
Commissioners to be the most proper judges of the merits of
such persons as shall be employed in any service amongst the
Indians and that they pay them accordingly. The Governor
is desired to take notice of this matter in his next letter and
to desire that none of the Commissioners will for the future
give private recommendations of any persons by themselves.
But when anything of this nature is done they desire it may
be done by the Board of Commissioners when assembled
together.

There being a motion made for affixing the Company's Seal
to an InstruD.ent for making Jolin Robinson their tenant at
Erisvvell gp.mekeeper of their Manor the same was deferred
till the next Court and in the meantime the members were
desired to inform themselves how far the Company can give
such a power.

iT|

■l

254

APPENDIX II.

Preamble.

Depart-
ment con-
stituted.

Tenure of
office.

Under Se-
cretary and
officers.

General
duties of

Secretary.

To be Re-
gistrar
General.

(p. 97—112—159.)

Two important Acts of tlie Canadian Legislature are here
subjoined.

First— SI Vict. chap. 42. [22nd May 1868.]

An Act pbovidino for the obga.nization of the De-
partment OF THE Secretary of State of Canada, and

FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF InDIAN AND OrDNANCE LaNDS.

HER Ma-jeaty, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows :

1. There shall be a department to be called " The Depart-
ment of the Secretary of State of Canada," over which the
Secretary of State of Canada for the time being, appointed by
the Governor General by commission under the Great Seal,
shall preside ; and the said Secretary of State shall have the
management and direction of the Department, and shall hold
office during pleasure.

2. The Governor General may also appoint an *• Under
Secretary of State," and such other officers as may be neces-
sary for the proper conduct of the business of the said De-
partment, all of whom shall hold office during pleasure.

3. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State to have
charge of the State correspondence, to keep all State records
and papers not specially transferred to other Departments,
and to perform such other duties as shall from time to time be
assigned to him by the Governor General in Council.

4. The Secretary of State shall be the Registrar General
of Canada, and shall as such register all Instruments of Sum-
mons, Commissions, Letters Patent, Writs, and other Instru-
ments and Documents issued under the Great Seal.

5. The Secretary of State shall be the Superintendent

l8f)8.]

APPENDIX IT.

255

General of Indian affaira, and shall as such have the control
and management of tlie lands and property of the Indians in
Canada. .

6. All lands reserved for Indians or for any tribe, band or
body of Indians, or held in trust for their benefit, shall be
deemed to be reserved and held for the same purposes, as be-
fore the passing of this Act, but subject to its provisions ; and
no such lands shall be sold, alienated or leased until they have
been released or surrendered to the Crown for the purposes of
this Act.

7. All moneys or securities of any kind applicable to the
support or benefit of the Indians or any tribe, band or body of
Indians, and all moneys accrued or hereafter to at;crue from
the sale of any lands or of any timber on any lanus reserved
or held in trust as aforesaid, shall, subject to tiie provisions of
this Act, be applicable to the same purposes, and be dealt with
in the same manner as they might have been applied to or
dealt with before the passing of this Act.

8. No release or surrender of lands reserved for the use of
the Indians or of any tribe, baud or body of Indiana, or of
any individual Indian, shall be valid or binding, except on the
following conditions :

1. Such release or surrender shall be assented to by the
chief, or if there be more than one chief, by a majority
of the chiefs of the tribe, band or body of Indians,
assembled at a meeting or council of the tribe, band
or body summoned for that purpose according to their
rules and entitled under this Act to vote thereat, and
held in the presence of the Secretary of State or of an
officer duly authorized to attend such council by the
Grovernor in Council or by the Secretary of State ; pro-
vided that no Chief or Indian shall be entitled to vote
or be present at such council, unless he habitually re-
sides on or near the lands in question.

2. The fact that such release or surrender has been as-
sented to by the chief of such tribe, or if more than
one, by a majority of the chiefs entitled to vote at
such council or meeting, shall be certified on oath

And Super-
iatcndeatof
Indian af-
fairs.

Indian
Lands, to be
under this
Act.

Alienation
on certain
conditions
only.

Moneys, se-
curities,
timber,etc.,
applicable
to Indians,
to be under
this Act.

Conditions
on which
only, In-
dian lands
may be sur-
rendered,
etc.

Consent of
the chief or
chiefs of the
tribe.

Proviso :
who may
vote.

Certificate
of assent to
be forward-
ed to Secre-
tai-y of
State.

):i

k '

P,
II

ii- ;ii ir'jjii

256

APPtNDIX II.

[1868

t, .

"i ]■

ilii.i!

; ^i

Penalty for
introducing
liquor at
anyinefiting
for such as-
sent.

Any sur-
render
otherwise
invnlid, not
herehy con-
firmed.

Governor in
Council to
direct the
application
of Indian
moneys.

before some Judge of a Superior, County or District
Court, by the officer authorized by the Secretary of
State to attend auch council or meeting, and by some
one of the chiefs present thereat and entitled to vote,
and when so certified as aforesaid shall be transmitted
to the Secretary of State by such officer, and shall be
submitted to the Governor in Council for acceptance or
refusal.

9. It shall not be lawful to introduce at any council rr
meeting of Indians held for the purpose of discussing or of
assenting to a release or surrender of lands, any strong or
intoxicating liquors of any kind ; and any person who shall
introduce at such meeting, and any agent or officer employed
by the Secretary of State, or by the Governor in Council,
who shall introduce, allow or countenance by his presence the
use of such liquors a week before, at, or a week after, any such
council or meeting, shall forfeit two hundred dollars, reco-
verable by action in any of the Superior Courts of Law, one
half of which penalty shall go to the informer.

10. Nothing in this Act shall confirm any release or sur-
render which would have been invalid if this Act had not been
passed ; and no release or surrender of any such lands to any
party other^than the_,Crown, shall be valid.

11. The Governor in Council may, subject to the provisions
of this Act, direct how, and in what manner, and by whom the
moneys arising from sales of Indian Lands, and from the pro-
perty held or to be held in trust for the Indians, or from any
timber thereon, or from any other source for the benefit of In-
dians, shall be invested from time to time, and how the pay-
ments or assistance to which the Indians may be iutitled shall
be made or given, and may provide for the general management
of such lands, moneys and property, and direct what percentage
or proportion thereof shall be set apart from time to time, to
cover the cost of and attendant upon such management under
the pru/isions of this Act, and for the construction or repair
of roads passing through such lands, and by way of contribu-
tion to schools frequented by such Indians.

12. No person shall sell, barter, exchange or give to any

[1868

APPEWDIX IT.

257

)i3trict
■tary of
ly some
to vote,
lamitted
slinll be
taiice or

uucil '^r
ing or of
trong or
rho shall
3m ployed

Councili
aence the

any such
ars, reco-

Law, one

se or sur-
1 not been
ids to any

provisions
whom the
the pro-
from any

lefit of In-

Iw the pay-
iitled shall
luagement

[percentage
;o time, to
lent under

In or repair
contribu-

Ive to any

Indian man, woman or child iu Canada, any kind of spirituous
liquors, in any manner or way, or cause or procure the same
to be done for any purpose whatsoever ; — and if any person so
sella, barters, exchanges or gives any such spirituous liquors to
any Indian man, woman or child as aforesaid, or causes the
same to be done, he shall on conviction thereof, before any Jus-
tice of the Peace upon the evidence of one credible witness,
other than the informer or prosecutor, be fined not exce<?ding
twenty dollars for each such offence, one moiety to go to the
informer or prosecutor, and the other moiety to Her Majesty
to form part of the fund for the benefit of that tribe, band or
body of Indians with respect to one or more members of which
the offence was committed ; but no such penalty shall be in-
curred by furnishing to any Indian in case of sickness, any
spirituous liquor, either by a medical man or under the direc-
tion of a medical man or clergyman.

13. No pawn taken of any Indian for any spirituous liquor,
shall be retained by the person to whom such pawn is delivered,
but the thing so pawned may be sued for and recovered, with
costs of suit, by the Indian who has deposited the same, before
any Court of competent jurisdiction.

14. No presents given to Indians nor any property purchased
or acquired with or by means of any annuities granted to In-
dians, or any part thereof, or otherwise howsoever, and in the
possession of any Tribe, band or body of Indians or of any-
Indian of any such Tribe, band or body, shall be liable to be
taken, seized or distrained for any debt, matter or cause what-
soever. , . . ,

15. For the purpose of determining what persons are entitled
to hold, use or enjoy the lands and other immoveable property
belonging to or appropriated to the use of the various tribes,
bands or bodies of Indians in Canada, the following persons
and classes of persons, and none other, shall be considered as
Indians belonging to the tribe, band or body of Indians inter-
ested in any such lands or immoveable property : :

Firstly. All persons of Indian blood, reputed to belong to
the particular tribe, band or body of Indians interested in such
lands or immovable property, and their descendants ;

Penalty for
giving or
selling
liquor to
Indians.

How reco-
vered and
applied.

Proviso : in
case of sick-
ness.

Pawns not
to be taken
from In-
dians.

Presents,
etc., not
liable fur
debts.

What per-
sons only
shall be
deemed
Indians.

258

APPENDIX II.

[1868.

How road
labour shall
be per-
formed on
ludiaa
lands.

Proviso.

None but
persons
deemed In-
diaas to
settle on In-
dhu lauds.

Secondly. All persons residing among such India- s, whose
parents were or are, or either of them was or is, desck aded on
either side from Indians or an Indian reputed to belong to the
particular tribe, band or body of Indians interested in such
lands or immoveable property, and the descendants of all such
persons; And

Thirdly. All women lawfully married to any of the persona
included in the several classes hereinbefore designated ; the
children issue of such marriages, and their descendants.

16. Indians and persons intermarried with Indians, residing
upon any Indian Lands, and engaged in the pursuit of agri-
culture as their then principal means of support, shall be
liable, if so directed by the Secretary of State, or any officer
or person by him thereunto authorized, to perform labor on the
public roads laid out or used in or through or abutting upon
such Indian lands, such labor to be performed under the sole
control of the said Secretary of State, officer or person, who
may direct when, where and how and in what manner, the said
labor shall be applied, and to what extent the same shall be
imposed upon Indians or persons intei-married with Indians,
who may be resident upon any of the said lands ; and the said
Secretary of State, officer or person shall have the like power
to enforce tlie performance of all such labor by imprisonment
or otherwise, as may be done by any power or authority under
any law, rule or regulation in force in that one of the Pro-
vinces of Canada in which such lands lie, for the non-perform-
ance of statute labor ; But the labor to be so required of any
such Indian or person intermarried with an Indian, shall not
exceed in amount or extent what may be required of other
inhabitants of the same province, county or other local divi-
sion, under the laws requiring and regulating such labor and
the performance thereof.

17. No persons other than Indians and those intermarried
with Indians, shall settle, reside upon or occupy any land or
road, or allowance for roads running through any lands be-
longing to or occupied by any tribe, band or body of Indians ;
and all mortgages or hypothecs given or consented to by any
Indians or any persons intermarried with Indians, and all

[1868.

1868.]

APPENDIX II.

259

whose
ied on
to the
a such
ill such

persons

ed; the

ts.

residing
of agri-

shall be

ay officer

or on the

;ing upon

r the sole

rson, who

r, the said

le shall be

h Indians,

id the said
ike power

)risonment

»rity under
)f the Pro-
,n-perform-
red of any
1, shall not
id of other
local divi-
labor and

^termarried
my land or
lauds be-
of Indians ;
id to by any
ns, and all

leases, contracts and agreements made or purporting to be
made, by any Indians or any person interniarriod with Indians,
whereby persons other than Indians are permitted to reside
upon such lands, shall be absolutely void.

18. If any persons other tlian Indians or those intermarried
with Indians do, witliout the license of the Secretary of State,
(which license, however, he may at any time revoke,) settle,
reside upon or occupy any such lands, roads or allowances
for roads, the Secretary of State, or such officer or person as he
may thereunto depute and authorize, shall, on complaint made
to him, and on proof of the fact to his satisfaction, issue his
warrant signed and sealed, directed to the sheriff of the proper
county or district, or if the said lands be not situated within
any county or district, then directed to any literate person
willing to act in the premises, commanding him forthwith to
remove from the said lands or roads, or allowances for roads,
all such persons and their families, so settled, residing upon
or occupying the same ; and such sheriff or other person
shall, accordingly, remove such persons, and for that purpose
shall have the same powers as in the execution of criminal
process; but the provisions in this and the four next fol-
lowing sections shall extend to such Indian lands orly, as
the Q-overnor, from time to time, by Proclamation published
in the ' Canada Gazette,' declares and makes subject to the
same, and so long only, as such proclamation remains in force.

19. If any person after having been removed as aforesaid
returns to, settles upon, resides upon, or occupies, any of the
said lands or roads or allowances for roads, the Secretary of
State or any officer or person deputed and authorized, as afore-
said, upon view, or upon proof on oath made before him
or to his satisfaction, that the said person has returned to,
settled or resided upon or occupied any of the said lands or
roads or allowances for roads, shall direct and send his warrant
signed and sealed, to the Sheriff of the proper County or Dis-
trict, or to any literate person therein, and if the said lands be
not situated within any County, then to any literate person,
commanding him forthwith to arrest such person and commit
him to the Common Gaol of the said County or District or to

s 2

Removal of
unautho-
rized per-
sons, set-
tling on Tn-
ui'\n lands,
provided
for.

Proviso.

Arrest and
imprison-
ment of
persons so
removed, if
they return
to the
lauds.

260

Sheriff,
etc., to
drrest such
persons.

JiidRincnt;
— it shall
be final.

Peuolty on
persons
cutting tim
ber or re-
moving
stone, etc.,
fiom In-
dian lauds.

How en-
forced and
applied.

APPKNDIX 11.

[1868.

the Coramon Gaol of the nearest County or District to the said
lands, if the said lands be not within any County or District,
there to remain for the time ordered by such warrant, but
which shall not exceed thirty days.

20. Such Sheriff or other person shall accordingly arrest
the said party, and deliver him to the Gaoler or Sheriff of the
proper County or District who shall receive such person, and
imprison him in the said Common Gaol for the term aforesaid,
there to remain without bail and without being entitled to the
liberties or limits of the said Gaol.

21. The said Secretary of State, or such office t person
as aforesaid, shall cause the judgment or order a^'ainst the
offender to be drawn up, and such judgment shall not be
removed by Certiorari or otherwise, or be appealed from, but
shall be final.

22. If any person without the license in writing of the
Secretary of State, or of some officer or person deputed by
him for that purpose, trespasses upon any of the said lands or
roads or allowances for roads, by cutting, carrying away or re-
moving therefrom, any of the trees, saplings, shrubs, under-
wood or timber thereon, or by removing any of the stone or
soil of the said lands, roads or allowances for roads, the person
so trespassing shall for every tree he cuts, carries away or re-
moves, forfeit and pay the sum of twenty dollars, and for cut-
ting, carrying or removing any of the saplings, shrubs, under-
wood or timber, if under the value of one dollar, the sum of
four dollars, but if over the value of one dollar, then the sura
of twenty dollars, and for removing any of the stone or soil
aforesaid, the sum of twenty dollars, such fine to be recovered
by the said Secretary of State, or any officer or person by him
deputed, by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the
party or parties fined, or the said Secretary of State, officer or
person without proceeding by distress and sale as aforesaid,
may, upon the non-payment of the said fine, order the party
or parties to be imprisoned in the Common Gaol as aforesaid,
for a period not exceeding thirty days, when the fine does not
exceed twenty dollars, or for a period not exceeding three
mouths, where the fine does exceed twenty dollars; and

[1868.

1868.]

APPENDIX i:,

201

he said
liatrict,
it, but

•

J arrest
I of the
son, and
foresaid,
id to tl\o

r person
aiuat the
il not be
from, but

3g of the
3puted by
d lands or
■way or re-
bs, under-
e stone or
the person
iway or re-
nd for cut-
lbs, under-
the sum of
jn tbe sum
lone or soil
recovered

■son by bim
^ttela of the
;e, officer or
^8 aforesaid,
sr the party
is aforesaid,
ine does not
[eding three
lollars; and

upon the return of any warrant for distresa or sale, if the
amount thereof has not been made, or if any part of it remaiua
unpaid, the said Secretary of State, officer or person, may com-
mit tlie party in default upon such warrant, to tlio Common
Gaol as aforesaid, for a period not exceeding thirty days if the ''

sum claimed by the Secretary of State, upon the said warrant,
does not exceed twenty dollars, or for a time not exceeding
three months if the sum claimed does exceed twenty dollars ;
all such fines shall be paid to the Receiver General, to bo dis-
posed of for the use and benefit of the Tribe, band or body of
Indians for whose benefit the lauds are held, in such manner
as the Governor may direct. •

23. In all orders, writs, warrants, summonses and proceed- Misnomer
ings whatsoever made, issued or taken by the Secretary of in writs,
State, or any officer or person by him deputed as aforesaid, it ^tc"noUo
shall not be necessary for him or such officer or person, to in- iuvalidoU)
sort or express the name of the person summoned, arrested, "'*'™'
distrained upon, imprison,ed or otherwise proceeded against
therein, except when the name of sach person is truly given to

or known by the Secretary of State, officer or person, and if
the name be not truly given to or known by him, he may name
or describe the person by any part of the name of such persou
given to or known by him ; and if no part of the name be
given to or known by him he may describe the person pro-
ceeded against in any manner by which he may be identified ;
and all such proceedings containing or purporting to give the
name or description of any such person as aforesaid shall
prima facie be sufficient.

24. All Sherifi's, Gaolers or Peace Officers to whom any such siwriffs^
process is directed by the said Secretary of State, or by any etc., to
officer or person by him deputed us aforesaid, shall obey the °,',jer°thi7*
same, and all other officers upon reasonable requisition shall Act.
assist in the execution thereof.

25. If any Railway, road or public work passes through or As to com-

causes injury to any land belonging to or in possession of any ^^j^g^^^""

tribe, band or body of Indiana, compensation shall be made to Railway,

them therefore in the same manner as is provided with respect f j"' P'i^V*

, "^ through In-

to the lands or rights of other persons ; the Secretary of Sfcaf.e dian lands.

262

APPENDIX II.

[16168.

Powers uu-

fihall act for them in any matter relating to the settlement of
such compensation, and the amount awarded in any case shall
be paid to the Eeceiver General for the use of the tribe, band
or body of Indians for whose benefit the lands are held.

26. The Secretary of State is hereby substituted for the
del- Cap. 14, Commissioner of Indian Lauds for Lower Canada, under the
L°c. " fourteenth chapter of the Consolidated Statutes for Lovrer
vested in Canada, respecting Indians and Indian lands, which shall con-
g^^^ ^'y° tinue to apply to ladians and Indian lands, in the Province of
Quebec, in so far as it is not inconsistent with this Act, and
shall have all the powers and duties assigned to such Commis-
sioner by the said Act, except that the lands and property
heretofore vested in the said Commissioner shall henceforth be
vested in the Crown, and shall be under the management of
the Secretary of State, who shall manage the same on behalf
of the Crown, and the suits respecting them shall be brought in
Secretnrv *^® name of the Crown, and the said Secretary of State shall
not to give not be bound to have any domicile in the Province of Quebec
eecurity, ^j, j.^ g|^,g security ; and no much of the said Act as is incon-
sistent with this Act is repealed.
Period in 27. The period limited by the sixth section of the Act last
Scot. 6, ex- cited, as that within which informations may be brought under

that Act shall be one year instead of six months.
Proceedings 28. In all cases of encroachment upon any lands set apart
in case of for Indian reservations or for the use of the Indians, not here-
inbefore provided for, it shall be lawful to proceed by informa-
tion in the name of Her Majesty in the Superior Courts of
Law or Equity, notwithstanding the legal title may not bo
vested in the Crown.

29. The Governor may authorize surveys, plans and reports

to be made of any lands reserved for Indians shewing and

distinguishing the improved lands, the forests and lands fit for

settlement, and such olher information as may be required.

Proceeds of ^^* "^'^^ proceeds arising from the sale or lease of any Indian

timber. lands or from the timber thereon shall be pal.' to the Eeceiver

General to the credit of Indian Fund.
Cap. 57 of ^^' ^^^ fifty-seventh chapter of the Eevised Statutes of

Revised Nova Scotia, Third Series, is hereby repealed, and the chief

Stat. N.S.

encroach-
ment on
Indian
lands.

Surveys of

Indian

laiids.

[1868.

1868.]

APPENDIX 11.

203

ment of
ae shall
be, ba,«cl

[ for the
inder i-he
)r Lovrer
ihaU cou-
■ovince of
; Act, and
i Commia-

property
.ceforth be
igement of

on behalf
brought in
State shall

of Quebec
as isiucon-

the Act last
)ught under

is set apart
|is, not here-
by informa-
ir Courts of
may not bo

and reports
Lhewing and
I lands fit for
I required,
k any Indian
[the Beceiver

Statutes of
Ind the chief

Commissioner and Deputy Commissioners under the said
chapter, shall forthwith pay over all monies in their hands aris-
ing from the selling or leasing of Indian lands, or otherwise
under the said chapter, to the Receiver General of Canada by
whom they shall be credited to the Indian Fund ot Nova
Scoi/ia ; and all such monies in the hands of the Treasurer of
Nova Scotia, shall be paid over by him to the Receiver General
of Canada, by whom they shall be credited to the said Indian
Fund. And all Indian lands and property now vested in the
said Chief Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, or other per-
son whomsoever, for the use of Indians, shall henceforth be
vested in the Crown and shall be under the managment of the
Secretary of State.

32. The eighty-fifth chapter of the Revised Statutes of New
Brunswick respecting Indian Reserves is hereby repealed, and
the Commiasioners under the said chapter shall forthwith pay
overall monies in their hands arising from the selling or leasing
of Indian Lands or otherwise under the said chapter, to the Re-
ceiver General of Canada, by whom they shall be credited to
the Indians of New Brunswick, and all such monies now in
the hands of the Treasurer of New Brunswick shall be paid
over to the Receiver General of Canada, to be credited to tlie
said Indians. And all Indian lands and property now vested
in the said Commissioner, or other person whomsoever, for
the use of Indians, shall henceforth be vested in the
Crown and shall be under the management of the Secretary of
State.

33. Nothing in this Act contained shall affect the provisions
of the ninth chapter of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada,
intituled : An Act respecting the civilization and enj rancTiise-
ment of certain Indians, in so far as respects Indians in the
Provinces of Quebec and Ontario, nor of any other Act when
the same is not inconsistent with this Act.

34. The Secretary of State is hereby substituted for the
Commissioner of Crown Lands as regards the Ordnance and
Admiralty lands transferred to the late Province of Canada
and lying in the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario.

35. All powers and duties vested in the Commissioner of

repealed :
monies lo
be piiid
over.

Indian
lands vested
in Secre-
tary.

Cap. 85 of
llev. Stat.
N. B. re-
pealed :
monies to
be paid
over.

Indian
lands vested
in Secre-
tary.

Act not to
affect Cap.
9 of Con.
Stat. Can.
etc.

Secretary of
State to
manage
Ordnance
lauds.

Po^ve^s un-

264.

APPENDIX II.

[1868.

!(-*

! ;

n ''

dcr certain
Aut8 vested
in him, in
place of
ComrniB-
sioner of
Crown
Lands.

23V.C.2.
C. 23, Con.
Stat. Can.

roviso :

How Bueli
Acts shall
he con-
Blrucd.

Proviso :
Act to refer
to ls)t July,
18C7.

Powers as
to certain
other
Crown
Lands.

Governor
ia Couueil

Crown Lancia with respect to the said Ordnance or Admiralty-
Lands, in the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario, by the Act of
the Parliament of the late Province of Canada, passed in the
twenty-third year of Her Majesty's reign, and chaptered two,
intituled : An Act respecting the sale and management of the
Public Lands, or by the twenty-third chapter of the Consoli-
dated Statutes of the said late l^rovince, intituled: An Act re-
specting the sale and management of Timher on Public Lands,
(both which Acts shall continue to apply to the said lands ;) —
or by any other Act or law in force in any of the Provinces now
composing the Dominion of Canada, at the time of the Union
of the said Provinces, are hereby transferred to and vested in
the said Secretary of State, and shall be exercised and per-
formed by him ; Provided that in construing the two Acts
cited in this Section, with reference to the said lands, the words
*' Secretary of State" shall be substituted for the words " Com-
missioner of Crown Lands," and for the words " Registrar of
the Province," — the words " Governor General " shall be sub-
stituted for the word " Governor " and the words " Governor
General in Council " for the words " Governor in Council," —
and the Governor General iu Council may direct that the said
two Acts or either of them or any part or parts of cither or
both of them shall apply to tiie Indian Lands in the Provinces
of Quebec and Ontario, or to any of the said lands, and may
from time to time repeal any such Order in Council and make
another or others instead thereof; and provided further, that
all the powers and duties by this section vested in the Sccre-
tary of State, shall be deemed to have been so vested from
and after the first day of July now last past, and may be by
him exercised with reference to any act or thing done or
performed since that date, in connection with Ordnance or
Indian Lands.

3G. The Secretary of State shall also have the control and
management of all Crown Lands being the property of the
Dominion, that are not specially under the control of the Pub-
lic Works Department.

37. The Governor in Council may, from time to time, make
such Kegulations as he deems expedient for the protection and

[1868.

1868.]

APPUNUIX II.

2G5

miralty
Act of
in tho
ed two,
t of the
Donsoli-
Act re-
c Lands,
inds —
ices now
le Union
rested in
and per-
;wo Acta
the words
is " Coin-
igiatrar of
11 be sub-
Governor
3uncil," —
it tbe said
either or
Provinces
I, and may
and make
rther, that
the Sccre-
ated from
uiiy be by
g done or
■dnance or

ontrol and
rty of tho
,f the Pub-
time, make
tectiou and

management of the Indian lands in Canada or any part there- may mnke
of, and of the timber thereon or cut from off the said lands, ltcK'>'at»on»
whether surrendered tor sale or reserved or set apart for the Lands, and
Indians, and for ensuring and enforcing the collection of all t''»'|e'' <;»t
moneys payable in respect of the said lands or timber, and for aiidmnyim-
the direction and government of the oflBcers and persons em- po^e rmcs
ployed in the management thereof or otherwise with reference of the sunn-
thereto, and generally for carrying out and giving effect to the etc.
provisions of this Act ; — and by such llegulatious the Governor
in Council may impose such fines not exceeding in any case
two hundred dollars, as he deems necessary for ensuring the
duo observance of such Hegulations, the payment of all such
moneys as aforesaid, a^d the enforcing of due obedience to the
provisions of this Act, — and may by such Regulations provide
for the forfeiture, or the seizure and detention of any timber
in respect of which the said Regulations have been infringed,
or on which any sum payable in respect thereof has not been
paid, and for the sale of such timber (if not forfeited,) in case
the dues, damages and fine be not paid within the time limited
by such regulations, and the payment thereof out of the pro-
ceeds of tho saiv. 'ud if forfeited such timber shall be dealt
with as the regulation may direct : — and may appropriate any
such fines in such manner ho may see fit ; and the Governor
in Council may by such regulations provide for the forfeiture
of any lease, licence of occupation, licence to cut timber, or
other licence or permission of any kind with respect to such
lands, if the conditions on which such licence or permission is
granted are not observed ; but no such provision imposing any
penalty or forfeiture shall impair or diminish any right or
remedy of the Crown to recover any money or enforce the rciucJiii*.
performance of the conditions of any such sale, lease, con-
tract, obligation, licence, or permission in the ordinary course
of law.

38. All Regulations or Orders in Council made under the I'ublica-
next preceding section shall be published in the ' Canada *'<>"» 'iii'jct
Gazette,' and being so published shall have the force of law, „f i/ggula-
from the date of their publication or from such later date as t'"''9-
may be therein appointed for their coming into force ; and any

I'r()vi.s() :
not to iin-
pai r other

■ii

^mk

266

APPENDIX ri.

[1868.

Governor
may ap-
point

agents, etc.,
under this
Act.

Governor in
Council
may trans-
fer duties
under this
Act, to any
other de-
partment.

Yearly re-
port to Par-
liament.

Repeal of

inconsistent

enactments.

such regulation may be repealed, amended or re-enacted by any
subsequent regulation, and shall be in force until so repealed
or amended unless an earlier period be therein appointed for
theii ceasing to be in force ; and a copy of any such Ecgula-
tions purporting to be printed by the Queen's Printer shall be
prima facie evidence thereof.

39. The Governor may, from time to time, appoint oflScers
and agents to carry out this Act, and any Orders in Council
made under it, which officers and agents shall be paid in such
manner and at such rates as the Governor in Council may
direct.

40. The Governor in Council may at any time assign any of
the duties and powers hereby assigned to and vested in the
Secretary of State, to any other member of the Queen's
Privy Council for Canada, and hi," department, and from the
period appointed for that purpose by any order in Council sucli
duties and powers shall be transferred to, and vested in such
other member of Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada and
his department.

41. The Secretary of State shall annually lay before Parlia-
ment, within ten days after the meeting thereof, a report of the
proceedings, transactions and affairs of the department during
the year then next preceding.

42. So much of any Act or law sis may be inconsistent with
this Act, or as makes any provision in any matter provided for
by this Act, other than such as is hereby made, is repealed,
except only as to things done, obligations contracted, or penal-
ties incurred before the coming into force of this Act.

1869.]

APPENDIX II.

267

Second— Mr. Langevin's Act, 32-33 Vict, o' ap. 6.
[22 June, 1869.]

An Act fob the gradual Enfeanchisement of Indians,
the betteb management oe" indian affaibs, and lu
extend the pbovisions of the act 31st victobia
Chapteb 42.

Hee Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: —

1. In Townships or othe* tracts of land set apart or reserved
for Indians in Canada, and subdivided by survey into lots, no
Indian or person claiming to be of Indian blood, or intermar-
ried with au Indian family, shall be deemed to be lawfully in
possession of any land in such Townships or tracts, unless he
or she has been or shall be located for the same by the order
of the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs; and any
such person or persons, assuming possession of any lands of
that description, shall be dealt with as illegally in possession,
and be liable to be summarily ejected therefrom, unless that
within six months from the passing of this Act, a location title
be granted to such person or persons by the said Superin-
tendent General of Indian Affairs or such officer or person as
he may thereunto^ depute and authorize. But the conferring
of any such location titlel^shall not have the effect of rendering
the land covered thereby transferable or subject to seizure
under legal process.

2. Any person liable to be summarily ejected under the next
preceding section, may be removed from the land of which he
may have assumed possession, in the manner provided by the
eighteenth section of the Act passed in the thirty-first year of
Her Majesty's reign, chapter forty-two, with respect to per-
sons other than Indians, or those intermarried with Indians
settling on the lands therein referred to without license of the
Secretary of State ; and the said section, and' the nineteenth,
twentieth, and twenty- first sections of the said Act, are hereby
extended to, and shall apply to persons liable to be summarily
ejected under this Act, as fully in all respects as to persons
liable to be removed from lands under the said Act.

Preamble.

What shall
be deemed
lawful pos-
session of
lands by In-
dians.

Proceed-
ings to eject
parties not
lawfully in
possession.

i;t'.:lV

268

APPENDIX !T.

[1869.

Iks •

Penalty on
persona
selling in-
toxicating
liquors to
Indians.

Imprison-
ment in de-
fault of pay-
ment.

Division of
annuity
money, etc.

Indians
convicted
of crime
excluded.

How costs
may be paid.

3. Any person who shall sell, barter, exchange, or give to
any Indian man, woman, or child, any kind of spirituous or
other intoxicating liquors, or cause or procure the same to be
done, or open and keep or cause to be opened and kept, on
any land set apart or reserved for Indians a tavern, house, or
building where, spirituous or intoxicating liquors are sold or
disposed of, shaP, upon conviction in the manner provided by
section twelve of (he said Act thirty-first Victoria, chapter
forty-two, be subject to the fine therein mentioned ; and in
default of payment of such fine, or of any fine imposed by tlie
above-mentioned twelfth section of the said Act, any person
80 offending may be committed to prison by the Justice of the
Peace before whom the conviction shall take place, for a pe-
riod not more than three months, or until such fine be paid ;
and the commander of any steamer or other vessel, or boat,
from on board, or on board of which, any spirituous or other
intoxicating liqixor shall have been, or may be sold or disposed
of to any Indian man, woman, or child, shall be liable to a
similar penalty.

4). In the division among the members of any tribe, band,
or body of Indians, of any annuity money, interest money or
rents, no person of less than one-fourth Indian blood, born
after the passing of this Act, shall be deemed entitled to share
in any annuity, interest, or rents, after a certificate to that
effect is given by the chief or chiefs of the band or tribe in
Council, and sanctioned by the Superintendent General of
Indian aftairs.

5. Any Indian or person of Indian blood, who shall be con-
victed of any crime punishable by imprisonment in any peni-
tentiary or other place of confinement, shall, during such im-
prisonment, be excluded from participating in the annuities,
interest money, or rents payable to the Indian tribe, band, or
body, of which he or she is a member ; and whenever any In-
dian shall be convicted of any crime punifihable by imprison-
ment in a penitentiary, or other place of confinement, the legal
costs incurred in procuring such conviction, and in carrying
out the various sentences recorded, may be defrayed by the
Superintendent Greneral of Indian Affairs, and paid out of au}

[1869.

ir give to
ituous or
in)e to be
kept, on
house, or
e sold or
ovided by
I, chapter
id ; and ia
led by the
my person
tice of the
;, for a pe-
le be paid ;
el, or boat,
[8 or other
ar disposed
liable to a

tribe, band,

it money or

Iblood, born

led to share

;ate to that

or tribe in

General of

liall be con-
any peni-
Ing such im-
|e annuities,
|be, band, or
sver any In-
ly imprison-
it, the legal
in carrying
lyed by the
out of an}

1869.]

APPENDIX IT.

269

annuity or interests coming to si\c'i Indian, or to the band or
tribe, as the case may be.

6. The fifteenth section of the thirty-ftrst Victoria, chapter Proviso
forty-two, ia amended by adding to it the following proviso : 31 v. c 4

" Provided always that any Indian woman marrying any r. 15.
other than an Indian, shall cease to be an Indian within the ln<Jian
meaning of this Act, nor shall the children, issue of such mar- marryii
riage, be considered as Indians within the meaning of this other i an
Act ; provided also that any Indian woman marrying an In- notto^beln-
dian of any other tribe, band, or body shall cease to be a mem- dians with-
ber of the tribe, band, or body to which she formerly belonged, '"^ * " '^ •
and become a member of the tribe, band, or body of which her
husband is a member, and the children, issue of this marriage,
shall belong to their father's tribe only."

7. The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs shall have Power of
power to stop the payment of the annuity and interest money ^"^f^Qc^g*
of any person of Indian blood who may be proved, to the satis- ral in cases
faction of the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, to o^^csertion.
have been guilty of deserting his wife or child, and the said
Superintendent may apply the same towards the support of

any woman or child so deserted.

8. The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs in cases Aid to sick

where sick or disabled, or aged and destitute persons are not """ *^*=8titutc

° '■ , persons,

provided for by the tribe, band, or body of Indians of which

they are members, may furnish sufficient aid from the funds
of each tribe, band, or body, for the relief of such sick, dis-
abled, aged or destitute persons.

9. Upon the death of any Indian holding under location Property of
title any lot or parcel of land, the right and interest therein j°^'""j !°
of such deceased Indian shall, together with his goods and their chil-
chattels, devolve upon his children, on condition of their pro- *^™?' .f"""
viding for the maintenance of their mother, if living ; and such only,
children shall have a life estate only in such land which shall

not be transferable, or subject to seizure under legal process,
but should such Indian die without issue, such lot or parcel
of land and goods and chattels shall be vested in the Crown
for the benefit of the tribe, band, or body of Indians, after pro-
viding for the support of the widow (if any) of such deceased
Indian.

270

APPENDIX il.

[1869.

Election of
chiefs.

Proviso
OS to life
chiefs.

Duties of
chiefs with
respect to
roads, etc.

'!||I1

Chiefs to
frame rules
for certain
purposes

10. The Governor may order that the chiefs of any tribe,
band, or body of Indians shall be elected by the male mem-
bers of each Indian Settlement of the full age of twenty -one
years at such time and place, and in such manner, as the
Superintendent General of Indian Affairs may direct, and they
shall in such case be elected for a period of three years, unless
deposed by the Governor for dishonesty, intemperance, or im-
morality, and they shall be in the proportion of one chief and
two second chiefs for every two hundred people ; but any such
band composed of thirty people may have one chief : provided
always tliat all life chiefs now living shall continue as such
until death or resignation, or until their removal L/ ♦^^he Go-
vernor for dishonesty, intemperance, or immorality.

11. The chief or chiefs of any tribe, band, or body of
Indians shall be bound to cause the roads, bridges, ditches,
and fences within their Reserve to be put and maintained
in proper order, in accordance with the instructions received
from time to time from the Superintendent General of Indian
Affairs ; and whenever in the opinion of the Superintendent
General of Indian Affairs the same are not so put or main-
tained in order, he may cause the work to be performed at the
cost of the said tribe, band, or body of Indians, or of the par-
ticular Indian in default, as the case may be, either out of
their annual allowances, or otherwise.

12. The chief or chiefs of any tribe in council may frame,
subject to confirmation by the Governor in Council, rules and
regulations for the following subjects, viz. : —

1. The care of the public health.

2. The observance of order and decorum at assemblies of
the people in General Council, or on other occasions.

3. The repression of intemperance and profligacy.

4. The prevention of trespass by cattle.

5. The maintenance of roads, bridges, ditches, and fences.

6. The construction of and maintaining in repair of
school-houses, council-bouses, and other Indian public
buildings.

7. The establishment of pounds, and the appointment of
pound-keepers.

[1869.

1869.]

'PENDIX 11.

271

iny tribe,
ale mein-
renty-one
r, as the

and they
,ra, unleaa
ce, or im-

chief and
; any such

provided
ae as such
,y <:he Go-

r body of
38, ditches,
maintained
18 received
1 of Indian
jrintendent
it or main-
•med at the
of the par-
her out of

may frame,
ll, rules and

semblies of

ccasions.

cy.

land fences,
repair of
lian public

lintment of

13. The Governor General in Council may on the report of Life estates
the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs order the issue '" ^^^'
of letters patent granting to any Indian who from the degree granted
of civilization to which he has attained, and the character for '" certain
integrity and sobriety which he bears, r^ppears to be a safe

and suitable person for becoming a proprietor of land, a life
estate in the land which has been or may be allotted to him
within the Eeserve belonging to the tribe, band, or body of
which he is a member ; and in such case such Indian shall
have power to dispose of the same by will, to any of his
children, and if he dies intestate as to any such lands, the
same shall descend to his children according to the laws of
that portion of the Dominion of Canada in which such lands
are situate, and the said children to whom such land is so
devised or descends shall have the fee simple thereof.

14. If any enfranchised Indian owning land by virtue of the Descent of

thirteenth and sixteenth sections of this Act, dies without ^""^* 1°

case 01

leaving any children, sach land shall escheat to the Crown for death of an
the benefit of the tribe, band, or body of Indians to which he, enf^an-

CI1IS6(1

or his father, or mother (as the case may be) belonged ; but if ludian.
he leaves a widow she shall, instead of Dower to which she
shall not be entitled, have the said land for life or until her
re-marriage, and upon her death or re-marriage it shall escheat
to the Crown, for the benefit of the tribe, band, or body of
Indians to which he, or his father, or mother (as the case may
be) belonged.

15. The wife or unmarried daughters of any deceased Indian Provision
who may, in consequence of the operation of the thirteenth a°d*Jn^"r.
and sixteenth sections of this Act, be deprived of all benefit ried daugh-
from their husband's or father's land, shall in the periodical *^"'
division of the annuity and interest money or other revenues

of their husband's or father's tribe or band, and so long as she
or they continue to reside upon the Reserve belonging to the
tribe or band, and remain in widowhood or unmarried, be en-
titled to and receive two shares instead of one share of such
annuity and interest money.

16. Every such Indian shall, before the issue of the letters Duties of

patent mentioned in the thirteenth section of this Act, declare ^°f^"°^
'^ with respect

272

APPENDIX 11.

[1869.

io enfrnn-
chiseincnt.

Effect of

eiif'ianchisc

mcnt.

Allotment
of locations

Appoint-
ment of
Tutor to
minor child'
ren of en-
franchised
Indians.

to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, the name
and surname by which he wishes to be enfranchised and there-
after known, and on his receiving such letters patent, iu such
name and surname, he shall be held to be also enfranchised, and
he shall thereafter be known by such name and surname, and
his wife and minor unmarried children shall be held to be en-
franchised ; and from the date of such letters patent, the pro-
visions of any Act or law making any distinction between the
legal rights and liabilities of Indians and those of Her Ma-
jesty's other subjects shall cease to apply to any Indian, his
wife, or minor children as aforesaid, so declared to be enfran-
chised, who shall no longer be deemed Indians within the
meaning of the laws relating to Indians, except in so far as
their right to participate in the annuities and interest money
and rents of the tribe, band, or body of Indians to which they
belonged is concerned ; except that the twelfth, thirteenth,
and fourteenth sections of the Act thirty-first Victoria, chapter
forty-two, and the eleventh section of this Act, shall apply to
such Indian, his wife and children.

17. In the allotting of locations, and in the issue of Letters
Patent to Indians for land, the quantity of land located, or to
be located or passed into Patent, shall, except in special cases,
to be reported upon to the Governor in Council, bear (as
nearly as may be) the same proportion to the total quantity of
land in the Reserve, as the number of persons to whom such
lands are located or patented bears to the total number of
heads of families of the tribe, band, or body of Indians and
male members thereof not being heads of families, but being
above the age of fourteen years in such Reserve.

18. If any Indian enfranchised under this Act dies, leaving
any child under the age of twenty-one years, the Superinten-
dent General of Indian Affairs shall appoint some person to
be the tutor or guardian, as the case may be, of such child as
to property and rights until it attains the age of twenty-one
years ; and the widow of such Indian, being also the mother of
any such child, shall receive its share of the proceeds of the
estate of such Indian during the minority of such child, and
shall be entitled bo reside on the land left by such Indian, so

[1869.

18(59.]

APPENDIX II.

273

10 nnme
d there-

iu such
ised, and
inie, and
to be en-
tile pro-
ween the
Her Ma-
idian, Viia
le enfran-
ithin the
so far as
est money
srhich they
;hirteenth,
ia, chapter

11 apply to

of Letters
lated, or to
|ecial cases,
bear (as
aantity of
horn such
[number of
,dians and
L but being

long as in the opinion of the Superintendent General -she lives
respectably.

19. Any Indian falsely represeuting himself as enfranchised
under this Act when he is not so, shall be liable, on conviction
before any one Justice of the Peace, to imprisonment for any
period not exceeding three months.

20. Such lands in any Indian Heserve as may be conveyed
to any enfranchised Indian by Letters Patent, shall not, as
long as the life estate of such Indian continues, be subject to
seizure under legal process, or to be mortgaged, hypothecated,
sold, exchanged, transferred, leased, or otherwise disposed of.

21. Indians not enfranchised shall have the right to sue for
debt due to them, or for any wrong inflicted upon them, or
to compel the performance of obligations made with them.

22. The Under Secretary of State shall be charged, under
the Secretary of State for Canada, with the performance of the
departmental duties of the Secretary of State under the said
Act, and with the control and management of the officers,
clerks, and servants of the department, and with such other
powers and duties as may be assigned to him by the Governor
in Council.

23. Chapter nine of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada is
hereby repealed.

24. This Act nhall be construed as one Act with the Act
thirty-first Victoria, chapter forty-two.

Tndinns
falsely de-
claring
themselves
rnfraii-
chised.

Lniula of
enfran-
chised
Indians
exempt
from
seizure.

Lc^al re-
medies of
Indians.

Duty of
Under
Secretary i)f
State.

Con. Stat.
Can., rap. 9
repealed.

31 Vie. c.
32.

lies, leaving
iuperinten-

person to
jch child as
[twenty-one

mother of
jeds of the

child, and

Indian, so

.. I

1 I

274

APPENDIX III.

Letter from the Treasurer to His Grace the Duke
OP BucKiNOUAM, Secretary of State for the Co-
lonies.

New Enoiand Company's Office,
1, Fuhnival's Inn,

Ausfutt iUt, 1868.

My Lord Duke, — The New England Company, at whose
request I write to your Grace, is an aucient English corpora-
tion endowed by voluntary contributions, and specially inter-
ested in the improvement of Canadian Indians.

Garden Eiver, near the Sault Ste. Marie, in the vicinity of
Lake Superior, is one of the Company's Stations, presided
over by the Kev, James Chance, a clergyman of the Church of
England, who is now in this country on a visit to his relations
near Stourbridge.

A large district near the Sault Ste. Marie was surrendered
to the Crown in 1850 by the Indians, its former possessors,
and a certain sum was agreed to be paid to them at that time,
together with the promise ' perpetual small annuities, calcu-
lated at the rate of seven shillingp a year, per head (or one
dollar seventy -five cents), which was to be increased to four
dollars (sixteen shillings) a year, if the land given up to the
Crown should increase in value.

About £600 (or ^g'.SOOO dollars) is uo^ paid to the Indians
in these small annuities, at the expense to the Canadian
Government of £400 (or ,82000) in salaries.

When the treaty of 1850 was made, several square miles of
land, called the " Garden Eiver Reserve," were set apart for
the special use and benefit of the Garden Eiver band of
Indians, who bound themselves not to sell any portion of this
Eeserve without the consent of the Government,

In 1860, one-half of the Garden Eiver Reserve was sur-

1863.J

AFFF.NDIX III.

275

B Duke
HE Co-

rFICE.

1868.

at whose
\ corpora-
lUy inter-
vicinity of
I, presided
Ciiurch of
is relations

urrendered
possessors,

that time,
ities, calcu-
|ad (or one

led to four
up to the

the Indians
Canadian

are miles of
Bt apart for
er band of
[tion of this

Ive was sur-

rondored to the 1 1 id inn department of the Canadian Govern-
ment, for the c<ettlemont of white people ; and in 1804 the
privileges of Indiana woro curtailed by an Act of the Legis-
lature, enipoworing the Oovernor-Gcnoral in Council to deal
with Indian lunda and timber as with the Crown lands and
timber.

Indians at Garden River are now, consequently, required
to pay all the dues and taxes imp( 3d upon lumber men on
the Crown lands; and a licence is insisted upon before the
Indians can cut timber on their own reserves.

A''ery recently, the local agent in the Indian Department
has apprehended several Garden River Indiana for selling
pieces of wood, called " knees," used in boat-building ; and
these poor Indians have been imprisoned for twenty-one days.

The Government charges on the Indian Reserve wood may
be thus enumei'ated : —

Licence fee, «84, or IG*. • with an additional fee to the
Surveyor, to survey the limits of the licence.

Ground rent for 100 acres, J^3, or 12s.

Payment to the Government per log of wood, 8|e. or i^d.

Export duty, per 1000 feet, ^1, or 4j».

Michigan, in the United States, near the Garden River, has
a market for saw logs and shingle bolts, and the export duty
of four shillings on 1000 feet is levied on wood sent across to
that State.

A pi'otest was made, in the year 18G7, by the Rev. Jamea
Chance, missionary at Garden River, against the injustice of
these demands, and the Head of the Indian Department
agreed, in consequence of the remonstrance, to release the
Indians from one-half of the demands, to which compronjiso
the Indians submitted ; but the local agent in the " ian
Department subsequently put fresh obstacles in the way of
the Indians obtaining a licence ; and the interference of a high
authority is needed to enable the Gavden River Indians to
obtain reasonable terms for cutting down timber on their own
reserve.

Indians at the New England Company's stations in Canada
are generally sober, quiet, and industrious ; one of them, a

T 2

27G

APPENDIX III.

[1868-70.

Mobawk, with the pecuniary aid of the Company, has taken a
medical degree in the University of Toronto ; and a Govern-
ment medical officer in charge of the Indian Reserve, at
Kanyeageh, rear Newport, in the county of Brant, has stated
to the Rev. B. J. Roberta, Ciiurcb of England Missionary at
Kanye.igeb, under the New England Company, that the
" consumption of spirits by white people is much greater than
by the Indians of that settlement."

I shall be obliged if your Grace w ill have the kindness to
forward the case of the Licences for cutting timber on the
Garden River Indian Reserve, for the consideration of his
Excellency the Governor- General, and I beg your Grace's
acceptance of a copy of the New England Company's Report
for 1807.

i;f

Letter fiiom Sir Fbedeeio Rooers, Bart., TJndee-
Seoeetary for the Colonies to the Treasurer.

Downing Street, February, 1870.
Sir, — "With reference to your letters noted in the margin,
and to the letter from this Department of the 19th of March

Slst Aug;.
1R68.

J869. ' last, relative to the fees charged in Canada to Indians for

8th March, cutting timber on their Reserves, I am directed by Earl

Granville to transmit to you for the information of the New

No. 108,
30fh Dec.
1869.

No. 168.

England Company, a copy of an approved Minute of the
Canadian Privy Council, which has been sent home by the
Governor-General in reply to the reference which was made
to him on the subject.

Documents enclosed in the above : —

1. — Letter from Governor General Sir John Young to

Earl Granville.

Government House,
Ottawa, Canada,

December 30/A, 1869.

My Lord, — In reply to your Lordship's dispatch (No. 52)
of March 19th, 1869, I have the honour to forward herewith a

[1868-70.

} taken a
Govern-
serve, at
las stated
jionary at
that the
gater than

indness to
er on the
ion of hi3
lit Grace's
y'a Eeport

TJndee-

lSUBER.

•uary, 1870.
the margin,
ih of March
Indians for
ed by Earl
of the New
lute of the
lome by the
jh was made

Young to

JSE,

(napa,

30/A, 1869.

tch (No. 52)
fd herewith a

1869.1

AFPENUIX 111.

277

copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Council, explaining 29ih Dec,
the views of the Canadian Government with reference to the ^'^^^
cutting of timber on the Indian Reserves. This Minute has
been prepared in reply to Mr. James Heywood's letter, and
for the information of the New Englnnd Company.

2. — Copy of a Beport of a Committee of the Honoueable the
Peivy Couxctl, approved ly His Excellency the Govee-
noe-Geneeal in Council, on the 2dth Dtcember 1869.

The Committee of Council have had under consideration the
despatclies of lOtli ' jptember 1868 and 19th March 1869,
from Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, trans-
mitting communications from Mr. Hey wood, Treasurer of the
New England Company, remonstrating against the system of
compelling the Indians at Garden Eiver, near Sault Ste. Marie,
to take out liceuses for cutting timber on their Reserve at
that place.

Thev' have also had before them the accompanying Report
from the Indian branch of the ofiBce of the Secretary of State
for the Provinces, approved by the Superintendent General of
Indian Affairs, having reference to this subject, and they re-
spectfully report their concurrence therein, and advise that a
copy thereof be transmitted by your Excellency to Earl Gran-
ville, for the information of the New England Company.

Certified.
(Signed) Wm. H. Lee, Clk., P.C.

Memorandum upon the representations by the Oncers and
Agents of the New England Company, relative to timber upon
the Indian Reserve at Garden River, Lake Huron.

Complaint is made regarding certain payments required
from such Indians as engage in timber business. But the fact
is kept back that whatever sums are received, go, after a de-
duction of ten per cent., to cover expenses, to the credit of
the band owning the Reserve. »

Nos. 193
and 52.

278

APPENDIX III.

[1869.

The items of charge have also been put down without suffi-
cient knowledge of facts, as there ia no such charge as one
dollar per thousand feet of lumber as an export duty. In fact
there is no export duty upon timber from Indian lands. But
to proceed with the subject to which the complaints refer.

In the management of Indian affairs, it has been found that
nothing is more injurious to the interests of the Indians or
more calculated to impede their progress in agriculture than
allowing them, or rather a few among many of them, to strip
their Reserves of the merchantable timber, and thus, for a
temporary object, deprive the land of a large part of its value.

The policy, therefore, has been and is to permit it to be
cut only under proper sanction and suitable regulations, and
not to promote or permit a heedless traffic in wood, the inevi-
table result of which would be the early removal of all the
valuable timber, leaving in a few years little or none for fencing
or fuel for the Indians themselves. Another disad vantage
which would occur by allowing the Indians to take away the
timber in any quantities they saw fit, is that the operation of
clearing the land for cultivation is rendered much more diffi-
cult, as a small second growth of timber of inferior quality,
together with brushwood, spring up after the original heavy
timber has been removed.

A further objection to permitting the Indians the unre-
stricted power of taking off the timber, is that it seriously in-
terferes with carrying out the important work which for many
years has been had in view, of inducing the Indian population
to resort to agriculture for the subsistence of their families,
rather than to the forests. And those best acquainted with
the Indian character will bear out the view that they manifest
almost invariably a preference for those pursuits in life which
will supply their temporary wants, rather than submit to the
patient toil which agriculture imperatively demands, if it is to
be followed with success. To promote agriculture the officers
charged with Indian Affairs furnish, in such localities as cir-
cumstances will justify, periodical supplies of seed, grain, and
agricultural implements, and aid also in the establishment of
local Indian schools.

[1869.

lOUt Buffi-

ge as one
In fact
ids. But
refer,
ibund that
Indians or
Iture than
m, to strip
;hu8, for a
its value,
t it to be
ations, and
., the iuevi-
. of all the
for fencing
isadvantiige
Le away the
operation of
li more diffi-
rior quality,
iginal heavy

1869.]

APPENDIX III.

279

These efforts, made as conducive to the civilization of the
Indians, would be materially impeded were greater encourage-
ment to be given to the Indians to devote their time to the
cutting and carrying of wood, to the prejudice of agriculture.
And it is trusted that the oflBcers of the New England Com-
pany will not fail to see that the system which is being car-
ried out has not been adopted without a thorough knowledge
of the habits and character of the Indians ; and what is due
in the management of their affairs to their various communi-
ties, must be weighed against the temporary advantages at
which a few Indians, disinclined to settle down as tillers of
land, would aim.

The policy, where timber of considerable value exists, of
opening it to the competition of timber merchants who pay
large bonuses, in addition to full timber dues according to
tariff, results in important accessions of capital to those bands
on whose Eeserves the timber stands, and thereby increases
the permanent Revenues, which are periodically divided equally
among the members of those bands, and enables them to pro-
vide for proper medical attendance, etc., for some of their
old and poorer people as well as salaries for chiefs and inter-
preters, school teachers and other desirable objects.

It is trusted that these explanations will enable the parties
who complain of the timber management to perceive that the
interests of the Indians are as well cared for by the officers of
the Civil Service, interested with them, as circumstances will
admit of.

It may be almost superfluous to observe that the Indian
Department regards the timber in the light of a property
which ought to be utilized for the benefit of successive gene-
rations of the band, and insists on these views in communica-
tions with those people.

(Signed) Wm. Spbagoe, D.S.I.A.

Ottawa,

22nd December, 1869. . ,

I concur in the foregoing Eeport. •

(Signed) Joseph Howe.

December 2lth, 1869.

in H'

280

APPENDIX IV.

■:i.

The Visiting Supehistendent, Mr. Gilkison's Report,
7tii April 1870, to the Superintendent General of
Indian Affairs, the Hon. Joseph Howe.

Indian Office,
Brantfoud, 7th April, 1870.

Sir, — I have to express my regret in failing to acknowledge
the receipt of your letter of the 15th of February, conveying
a resolution of the New England Company in respect to the
roads and bridges in the Indian reserves, and requesting me
to submit a project for their better maintenance.

It would appear some one has been complaining to the
New England Company of the condition of the roads in
Tusoarora, and an impression conveyed that they are totally
neglected.

1 beg leave to state that my attention has been constantly
directed to the matter in question, and that I take personal in-
terest in their improvement from year to year. Each year 1
appoint, witjj the advice of the Council, path-masters to the
several sections of roads, sign and issue road warrants, which
are returned to me, with the names of those who have worked,
and those who have refused, or neglected to work ; and these
latter are fiued Jifty cents* per day, such fines being expended
in purchase of lumber for crossings of small creeks, etc.

The main settled roads are kept in almost as good order as
country roads generally are elsewhere, and monies have been
voted and expended from time to time in tlie erection of
bridges.

The roads which are in a had state are what are called " side
roads," from one concession to anotlier, as the residents
thereon are few, if any ; and it would not do to divert the
Statute labour from the concession, or main roads, the only

* Fifty cents are about two shillings.

1870.]

APPENDIX IV,

281

course, therefore, is to devote monies for the purpose, and that
will be done to some extent by the Council for the year, and
should their vote bo insuflicient, I will report upon it.

I presume it is not contemplated by you to have all the
roads, bridges, etc., in the reserves, at once placed in "proper
order," as required by the Act— for it would take much money
to do so — but that the work shall be as speedily performed as
possible.

The Statute labour is very fairly performed, the Indiana
being quite alive to the necessity of good roads ; and the im-
provements, though gradual, are very perceptible.

■U

Mr. Gilkison's letter, 12th April 1870, to the Treasurer,
enclositig Minutes of the Meeting, lOth March 1870, of the
Chiefs of the Six Nations in Council, and Copy of Report,
7th April 1870.

Indian Office, Brantford,
Ontario, Canada,

Uth April, 1870.

Sir, — The Council of the Six Nations being desirous that
the New England Company should know that its efforts, and
the many and invaluable benefits conferred upon the people
of the Six Nations, are not forgotten, I have pleasure in trans-
mitting the accompanying copy of minutes of a Council held
on the 10th ult., in which the Council take occasion to express
its sentiments towards your Company.

I had the g-^atification of being present last evening at your
Institute, where the children, to the number of near ninety,
were assemoled in the boys' school-room. The Rev. Mr.
Nelles, the Rev. Mr. Wilson, of Indian Reserve, Sarnia, were
there, as a so Mrs. Nelles, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Gilkison, and
others. ' , . 4

The children looked well and cheerful, singing the several
hymns and songs with much harmony and effect. Mr. Nelles,
Mr. Wilson, and myself addressed the children, and I pro-

282

APPENDIX IV.

[1870.

^I:-

mised them some prizes for good conduct, etc., which appea'ad
to please.

The Superintendeut General of Indian Affairs (the Hon.
Mr. Howe) having transmitted to me the resolution of your
Company, in respect to the roads and bridges in the Indian
reserves and directing my attention to the same, I think it
well to transmit a copy of my reply for your information.

You will observe in the minutes I now enclose that two new
bridges were then ordered, at a cost of ^246, while one or two
more will be given out for contract, and with a vote for the
side roads, involved an expenditure of several hundred dollars
more. To put all the roads in a good state would cost a large
sum ; but I doubt not, in time, we will have them equal to the
ordinary country roads, and that is all really required.

) )

U ! i

j! i

f If ^

Council
opened.

BuBiuess.

Bridge
across
Spring
Creek.
Cost
*66.00,
and ap-
proved.
Bridge
over

Minutes or the Meeting of the Chiefs of the Six
Nations in Council.

IQth March, 1870.
Present :

The Visiting Superintendent, Mr. Gilkison, the Interpreter,
the Speaker, and twenty-two Chiefs.

The Council opened by Chief George Buck.

The Superintendent, in replying, said he was pleased to
learn all is well on the reserve.

He informed the Council he had not received a reply from
the Superintendent General to their last request as to the
Deputation to Ottawa, but looked for it daily.

He now requested the attention of the Council to tho sub-
ject of bridges and roads.

The Speaker announced the Council desired a bridge
across Spring Creek, on the second concession of Oneida, in
place of that destroyed, the length of which is about 30 feet,
at the cost of ^66.00, to be paid to Joseph S. Johnson upon
the completion of the same.

The Speaker reported the Council have decided in favour of
rebuilding a bridge across M'Kenzie Creek on the fifth con-

1870.]

APPENDIX IV.

288

cession Tuscarorn, at a cost of j^lSO.OO, to be paid to John
Hill, builder, on his completing the same.

Dr. Peter Martin being present, the Superintendent invited
him to a seat beside his chair.

The Superintendent took occasion to state to the Council
that Dr. Martin, who is a member of the Six Nations, called
at the office yesterday, and informed him that he had been
instructed by the New England Company, and by the Super-
intendent General, Mr. Howe, to lecture to the Six Nations,
and also to explain the Indian Acts, and learn their ob-
jections.

The subject which the Doctor is to discourse upon, called
Physiology, is one of iinportance, and interesting ; and he, the
Superintendent, hoped would be productive of benefit to the
people.

As to explainiug the Act, he had told the Doctor, that
had already been done, and that the chiefs and others under-
stood it.

In reply to a question from the Council, the Superin-
tendent said the New England Company have nothing to do
with the passage of the Act. The Company, no doubt think-
ing it a good and acceptable measure, felt interested in its
being carried into effect, and were anxious to give all the
encouragement in its power, as the Company had always
been the best friends of the Six Nations, and he well knew
the Council and their people appreciated and valued that
friendship.

The Doctor would now, himself, state the object of his visit
and his wishes.

Dr. Martin then addressed the chiefs, explaining his instruc-
tions and views.

After some consideration by the Council, the Speaker inti-
mated they well understood the Indian Act, which had been
explained to them not only by their Superintendent, but by
Mr. Hardy, a lawyer from Brantford ; they could not, there-
fore, hear Dr. Martin, and that was the reason the Council
the other i y refused him the use of the Council-room ; also,
they could not recognize Dr. Martin in any official way.

M'Kenzie
Creek cost
*180.00,
approved.
Dr. Peter
Martin,
and object
of his
presence.

The New

England

Company.

The Doctor
explains.

Voice of the
Council.

ill

' '111

iliHi-;!)J'

284

APPENDIX IV.

[1870.

i: i'

The New

England

Company.

The Council could only do ao, in any matter, through the
proper channel, their Superintendent.

The Council was well aware of the motives of the New-
England Company, which were of the kindest and most friendly
towards them ; and they highly valued all the Company had
done in educating their children through n)any years, and
would never fail to feel gratitude for the many benefits con-
ferred upon the people.

The Council adjourned until Tuesday next.

(Signed) J. T. Gilkison,

Visiting Superintendent.

I i\

285

APPENDIX Y.

The Compauy were favoured by the Honourable A. E. Bots-
ford with an Official Report, from which the following extracts
are made: —

Extract from the Report op tue Secretary op Statb

OP Canada, for the Year ending on the SOth June,

1869.
To His Excellency the Right Honotirable Sir John Young,
Baronet, Governor Oeneral of Canada, etc. etc. etc.
May it please Your Excellency :

I have the honour to present to your Excellency my annual
report for tlie year ending on the 30th of June, 1869.

The Department, as organized last year, has worked well,
and the officers appointed to conduct its business have dis-
charged their duties with zeal, intelligence, and fidelity.

# * * * • « «

I come now to Indian affairs, and I am happy to say that,
thanks to the fatljerly protection of the Government, the
Indian tribes in general continue to be in a prosperous con-
dition. This portion of the population, as a general rule, is
increasing, or, at least, not diminishing. Its members are
acquiring a taste for agriculture, and seeking to take advantage
of the means of education placed within their reach in the
Bcliools kept up for their benefit.

In a pecuniary point of view the tribes in Ontario are much
better off than those in the other provinces, owing to the fact
that the lands reserved for them originally, that is to say,
from the first establishment of British Government in this
country, were situated in localities highly favoured in regard

to climate and to fertility of soil.

* * * * * • •

I refer your Excellency to the annexed Report of the
Deputy Superintendent General, and the interesting statistics
which accompany it.

¥h

286

APPKNDIX V.

[1869.

Your Excellency will see there that this branch of the depart-
ment, as well ns the others, has been largely developed.
All of whicii is lespectfully submitted.

Hector L. Langevin,

Secretary of Slate.
Department of the Secretary of Slate,
Ottawa, Hth November, 1869.

Extract riioM the annexed Repout of tue Deputt
Superintendent General.

Ottawa, Ist November, 1869.

Sir, — I have the honour to lay before you the detailed state-
ments in the usual form, exhibiting the operations of the
branch of the Public Service under your charge connected
with Indian aflfairs, during the year commencing Ist July,
I8G8, and terminating 30th June, 1869.

The disposal of the Indian Lands, both in the Saugecn
Peninsula and the Manitoulin Island, has steadily proceeded,
and, as they are sold only to persons who propose to become
actual settlers, the system is calculated to insure eventually
the sale of every lot suitable for farming purposes, and at
prices too, superior to what could now be obtained, were the
lands allowed to remain in a wilderness condition.

With a view to facilitating access to the lands sought for,
for settlement, the work of opening out roads iu boih of the
localities referred to has been carried on successfully. The
length of roads in the Manitoulin Island, constructed and
requiring comparatively little work to complete them, is about
forty miles.

An exploration by Provincial Surveyor Gilmour, for con-
tinuing the line of road from its commencement, midway be-
tween Owen Sound and the Saugcen, up the entire length of
the Saugeen Peninsula, resulted in discovering important
tracts of valuable land, which the forming of this road will
render easy of access.

The expenditure for surveys and road construction, has, of
course, diminished considerably moneys which otherwise could
have appeared as additional investments.

The cause of education has received its full share of atten-
tion, and grants have been made in a liberal manner towards

[1869.
depart-

3EV1N,

State.

lEPUTY

T, 1869.
led state-
8 of the
lonnected
Ist July,

Saugeen
»roceeded,
o become
iventually
!8, and at
, were the

aught for,
of the

y. The
icted and

is about

for con-

lidway be-

length of

important

road will

on, has, of
vise could

1869.]

APPENDIX V.

287

of atten-
tovrards

the erection of school buildings, and, in some cases, improved
salaries to teachers.

The Mount Elgin Industrial School, which was on its esta-
blishment placed under the charge of the "Wesleyan Methodist
Society, having been re-organised, will, it is trusted, bo of
essential advantage to the "Western Bands.

The annual grants for seed, grain, and implements, have
been somewhat increased, and there are indications in some
quarters that the cultivation of the land has been better
managed than formerly; but very much requires yet to be
done to justify an opinion that the Indians are, as a general
rule, becoming practical farmers. It is, however, but just to
those of the Six Nations on the Grand Eiver to state that their
Agricultural Society, at its last meeting, exhibited no little
success in some important particulars, and a community num-
bering approaching 2,800, having on use among them threshing
machines of their own and good implements of husbandry,
must, it will be admitted, be advancing. The population
returns are, as is nearly always the case, incomplete. But
they are sufficient to prove that the comforts and attention to
health incident to an advancing civilization have occasioned, in
a majority of the settlements, an increase in numbers.

The measures adopted for the disposal of the merchantable
timber on several of the Indian Reserves, on favourable terms
to the interests of the Indians, will add, in the course of the
next t^vo or three years, materially to their invested funds.

The legislative enactments passed during the past and pre-
ceding sessions of Parliament, designed for the amelioration of
the coudidon of the Indians, will, it is believed, eventually be
of essential benefit. They, however, require time (considering
their habits of thought), to estimate correctly the utility of
those measures.

* « » » * « « • ,

All which is respectfully submitted, and,
I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient humble servant,

Wm. Speagqb,

Deputy Superintendent.
The HoNorBABiiE Hbctob L. LANasviN, C.B.,

Superintendent General of Indian Affairs and Secretary of State for
Canada.

I ^Jl

288

APPENDIX V.

[1809.

I r

Total of Sales:— $ ct«.

Tho total iiinomit from uU Hources placed to
the credit of Indian Funds during tho
period referred to, was 248,942 6!)

Which may be placed under tho following heads : —
Receipts from land and timber ^19,028 GS
Intel est on iuveatmonta . . . 101,127 30
Annuities and grants .... 42,020 00
Transfer by Government . . 53,400 Gl

The payments and expenditure (which compre-
hend payments for road construction and for
surveys, and include refunds from principal)
have amounted to 165,333 37

The investment on the 1st July, 18G8, bearing

interest, amounted to 1,804,100 59

The amount at the credit of Indian Funds on
the let July, 18G9, after deducting the pay-
ments and expenditure for the year then con-
cluded, was 1,883,752 02

Payments made and charged to principJ of
Indian Land Management Fund during tho
year ending 30th June, 18G9 : —

Eoads 4,144 01

School-houses 500 00

Travelling expenses 143 25

Relief to Manitouliu Island

Indians 550 00

5,337 3G

[1809.

H eta.

i8,942 05

APPENDIX V.

289

L65,333 37
B04,1G0 69

883,752 02

5,337 3G

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iiisJ I

APPENDIX V.

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APPENDIX V.

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APPENDIX, V.

293

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294

APPENDIX V.

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APPENDIX V.

295

9
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296

APPENDIX V.

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APPENDIX V.

297

D.— Statement of Sums paid out of the Lower Canada Indian
Fund during the Year ending 30th June, 1869.

E.— Statement of Special Payments, Contingent and Inci-
dental Expenditure, by the Indian Branch, Department
of the Secretary of State, during the Tear ending 30th
June, 1869, out of the Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick Eund.

1 ■ I

298

APPENDIX V.

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299

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APPENDIX V.

V. >

a
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•

APPENDIX V,

801

H.— Statement showiug the Number of Acres of Indian Lands
sold during the jear ending 30th June, 1869.

No. of Acres

exoIosiTe of

Town Lots

aold by the

Lot.

To what Tribes belonging.

Comprising
No. of
Sales.

Amount

of
Principal.

Average

Rate
per Acre,

•

1 ots.

840

Six Nations of the

Grand Rivir . . .

•

5,578 20

16 40

Mohawks of Bav of

•%

Quints ...'..

104 00

•

t, •/

Ojibewas and Ottawas
of the Great Mani-

toulin Island . . .

1,320 70

Garden River Indians

130 00

1 62

Chippewas of Samia .

16,442 00

14,183J

229

43,620 25

'11"

t- ■ «•

j: :.•

Ij! m

I -:

fl il

802

APPENDIX V.

I.-

-Statement showing the qunntity of kSiirvoycd Surrendered
Indian Lands remaining unsold, with tiieir computed
value, on 30th June, 18G9.

Townships.

Where situated.

Estimated
No. of acres.

Avorsue

value poT

acre.

# cts.

Amabel

Saugeon Peninsula

8,313J

2 50

Keppol . .

>i i» •

i,a7G

2 50

»» • •

, ,

»i 11 •

589

2 50

Albemarle .

• .

II II •

21,193

2 50

Sarawak . .

. ,

i> 11 •

85}

2 50

Half Mile Strip . .

>i II

415

2 50

Indian Reserve, Cape

Crokor

II II ■

425

1 00

Eastnor . .

II II

51,892

1 00

Lindsay . .

II II

69,084

1 00

St. Edmund .

II 11

66,720

1 00

Macdonald .

Lake Huron, North

Shore

18,561

Aweres . .

>i If

21,544

Fenwick . .

U l<

17,168

Kars . . .

II J>

10,3544

Pennefathcr .

1 II )>

17,894

Dennis . .

l» n

3,518

Neebing . .

Lake Superior, Batcho-

wanung Bay . . .

20,660

Pai-Poonge .

II 11

43,846

Herriok . .

i> II

7,205

Fisher . . .

II II

12,241

TiUey ....

II II

13,261

Haviland . . ,

II II

3,821

Vankoughnet

II II

2,800

Tupper . . .

II II

2,800

Archibald . .

II II

2,980

Tyendinaga . .

Ba '^f Quint6 . . .

7,165

2 50

Orford . . .

C Kent . .

215

4 68

Thorah Island

.ooe . . .

853

4 00

Bidwell . .

ulin Island,

^dKe Huron . . .

26,201

J Lands,
iT acre.
Lands,
racre.

Howland . .

II II

20,016

Shiguiandah .

27,583

Billings . . .

21,053

Assiginack . .

14,102

111?

Campbell . .

38,980

Carnarvon . ,

14,669

Allan ....

22,076

Tehkummah . . .

II II

17,888

622,546t

APPKNDIX V.

803

J. — Compnrntive Stntomont of the Population of tho different
Indian Tribes and BimdH throughout Canada, between tlie
Yeara 18U8 and 18G0.

veraxe

ll« pOT

ucro.

eta.

2 60

2 50
2 BO
9. Rn

1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00

20
20
20
20
20
20

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2 50
4 68
4 00

a«e

Xfame of Tribe or Band.

Province op Ontauio.

OncidoB of tho Tliaines

ChippewaH arul M\in8ue9 of tho Thumes . .

Momviuns of tho TlinnicB

Wyandotts of Andordon

Chippowas, Pott iiwati mica, and Ottawaa of

Wulpolo Island

Chippowas of Siimia

„ Snaku Island

„ Rama

„ Christian Island

Mississoguas of Uice, Mud, and Scugog

Lakes

Mohawks of Bay of Quinte ......

Mississaguas of Alnwick

Ojibways of Sandv Island

Chippewas of Saugeen

„ Cape Croker

Christian Island Band on Manitoulin Island
Six Nation Indians on the Grand River . .
Mississajjims, lato of tiie River Credit, now

on the Grand River

Odnhwas or Podahwadamies of Christian

Island

Chippewas of Lake Superior

„ Lake Huron ....

Manitoulin Island Indians

Golden Lake Indians

PnoviNCB OF Quebec.

Iroquois of Sault St. Louis

„ St. Regis

Nipissings, Algonquins, and Iroquois of the

Lake of Two Mountains

River Desert Indians

Abenakis of St. Francis

„ Becancour

Hurons of Lorette

Amalecites of Vigor

Micmacs of Restigouche

„ Maria

Montagnais of Point Bleu and Ohicoutimi .
„ Moisie and Seven Islands . .

Pop. in
1808.

529

606

25y

804
485
128
271
192

302
683
198
184
292
346
73
2796

205

1263

1846

1300

185

1601
801

611

358

268

297

378
113
200
137

Pop. in

1809.

697

270

522
127
277
199

315
700
207
187
300
362

2810

215

8
16

9
11

III

304

APPENDIX V.

J. — Comparative Statement of the Population, etc. — continued.

r^-U

1:'!^

Name of Tribe or Band.

Pbovincb op Quebec — continued.

Montagnais of Betsiamits ....

„ Grand Cascapediac .

„ Eiver Godbout . .

Naskapees of the Lower St. Lawreijce ■
Golden Lake Indians .....

Province op Nova Scotia.

Indians of Annapolis .
Colchester .
Cumberland .
Digby . . .
Guysborough
Halifax . .
Hants . . .
Kings . . .
Lunenburg .
Pictou . .
Queens . .
Shelbume .
Antigonish .
Yarmouth .
Cape Breton
Inverness . .
Bichmund .
Victoria . .

Pbovincb op New BBxrNSWiOK.

Indians of Bestigouche

„ Sbediac

„ Northumberland

Indian Village, Indian Point, opposite Fre-

dericton

Indians of the County of Gloucester . . .

Kent

Tobique

Dorchester

Pop. in
1868.

584

2860

100

110

100

195

110

180

160

116

410

1000

383

128

Pop. in
1869.

K. — Number of Letters, Petitions, etc., entered in the Eegia-
tration Book of this Branch as received during the
Year, from the let of July, 1868, to 30th June, 1869.

APPENDIX V.

305

^ a-

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306

APPENDIX V.

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fifl

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807

APPENDIX VI.

-a

i* A^*

(p. 115.)

The New England Company's Commission, 18tii June,
1870, TO THE Honourable A. E. Botsford.

To all to whom these presents shall come The Company for
the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts
adjacent in America send greeting Whereas certain pr„^ irty
real and personal is vested in the said Company for tlie pur-
poses of their Charter dated the 7th day of February in the
14th year of the reign of King Charles the Second and the clear
yearly income of the same property ouglit to be from time to
time applied for promoting and propagating the Gospel of
Christ unto and amongst the heathen natives in part of British
North America within or near the territories by the Charter
described as New England and parts adjacent in America and
also for civilizing teaching and instructing the said heathen
natives and their children not only in the principles and know-
ledge of the true religion and in morality and the knowledge
of the English tongue and in other liberal arts and sciences
but for the educating and placing of them or their children in
some trade mystery or lawful calling And whereas a rent
charge granted in perpetuity to the said Company in pursu-
ance of the directions and by the executors of the Will of the
Honourable Eobert Boyle the first Governor of the said Com-
pany and some accumulations thereof are vested in the said Com-
pany and the said rent charge and the yearly income of the ac-
cumulations thereof ought to be from time to time applied for
the advancement of the Christian religion among infidels in the
parts of America under the dominion of Her Majesty And
whereas under and by virtue of the Will of Doctor Daniel
Williams deceased certain other property real and personal is
vested in the said Company and the yearly income thereof

iiiRllliilliii

I !

S' iiU

i I

308

APPENDIX VI.

[1870.

ought to be from time to time paid and applied towards the
advancement of the Christian religion among Indians Blacks
and Pagans in some or one of Her Majesty's plantations
and colonies and in maintaining educating civilizing and re-
lieving the necessities of the said Indians Blacks and Pagans
80 far as such application in the maintenance education
civilization, and relief of the necessities of the same Indians
Blacks and Pagans is connected with or subservient to the
purpose of advancing the Christian religion And whereas to-
wards carrying into effect the purposes aforesaid the said
Company have for nearly 50 years employed in the part of
America now called the Dominion of Canada divers ministers
interpreters school-teachers and other officers and have from
time to time built or contributed to the building of churches
parsonage houses schools and other buildings at a station
called the Six Nations or Grand River Station betv^een Brant-
ford and the mouth of the Grand River in Lake Erie and par-
ticularly a parsonage house and a Mechanics' Institution near
the Mohawk church and village about 3 miles below Brantford
and a church and parsonage hoiise at the Tuscarora village
about 7 miles below the Mohawk village and all on the north-
east side of the Grand River and schools on both aides of the
river and within the last few years another church called St.
Paul's Church at Kanyeageh in the Tuscarora townsliip on
the south-west side of the Grand River at a distance of 7
miles from the said Tuscarora church and 10 miles from the
Mohawk institution and parsonage and the old church there
and have since at their own sole charge built a parsonage for
the residence of the clergyman officiating there And whereas
the said Company have from time to time for many years past
laid out and applied large annual and other sums of money for
the purpose of building the said churches parsonage houses
schools and other buildings and extensively repairing the old
Mohawk church and in rebuilding and enlarging the Mohawk
institution and maintaining the same churches and other
buildings and paying the salaries of the ministers interpreters
school-teachers and other officers employed by them on both
•aides of the river between Brantford and Lake Erie and other-

W-

^1^1

1870.]

APPENDIX VI.

309

wise for or towards accotnplishing among the Six Nation
ludiaus tliere the purposes hereinbefore speciGed and such
annual and other sums of money have been derived from the
income of the charitable funds or property so vested in the
said Company as aforesaid And whereas the Eev. Wm.
Hough was the Company's first missionary at their said Grand
Eiver Station and in succession to him the Company in 1827
engaged the services of the Kev. Robert Lugger as their Mis-
sionary to the Six Nation Indians (Mohawks Oneidas Tusca-
roras Onondagas Cayugas and Senecas) And whereas the
said Eobert Lugger arrived at Brantford in the month of
October 1827 and shortly afterwards visited all th«^ tribes of
the Six Nations and some other Indian tribes dispersed along
the north-east bank of the Grand River from Brantford t( J "ike
Erie and found the population of the Six Nations about IJOO
in number and having found a settlement cal^-J Nelles' Settle-
ment consisting of 30 families of whites midway between
Brantford and Lake Erie and tlie distances being so great the
said Robert Lugger strongly recommended the appointment
as his assistant among the Tuscaroras of the Rev. Abraliam
Nelles who then held some appointment under the Society
for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and in 1831
his services were transferred from the Society to the Company
And he remained in the service of the Company from 31st
July 1831 as the said Robert Lugger's assistant till the death
of the latter and the Company in the year 1835 built him a
parsonage on the north-east side of the river at a spot selected
by the Lieutenant Governor of the colony and equidistant be-
tween the Tuscaroras and Onondagas And whereas the
Company in the year 1837 commissioned one of their mem-
bers together with their then Clerk as Secretary to visit all
their missions and to ascertain the state of the Company's
affairs in Canada and to report thereon to the Company with
full powers And whereas in the result the said Abraham
Nelles was appointed (30th September 1837) the Company's
first or chief missionary at Mohawk viMage and amongst the
Indians of the Six Nations on the banks of the Grand River
Upper Canada subject to such directions as the Company

'SI niiiH I

■i

310

APPKNDIX VI.

[1870.

li i'^

i 'I

might from time to time give and to the appointment of such
other missionaries or agents lay or clerical within the district
above mentioned as the Company might think proper and he
was to have during the continuance of his appointment as
their missionary a fixed stipend and the use and occupation of
the Mohawk parsonage and glebe And whereas the Reverend
Adam Elliot was appointed to succeed Mr. Nelles at Tuscarora
and his Agreement dated Ist December 1837 was that he
would devote his time and his abilities to the service of the
New England Company in preaching and in teaching through
frequent intercourse and familiar conversation the Christian
Protestant religion to the Indians on the Grand River particu-
larly at Tuscarora and that neighbourhood ami that he would
superintend the schools there established by the New England
Company taking care that the masters performed their duty
regularly and conducted themselves with propriety And
further that in conjunction with the Reverend Abraham Nelles
the Company's chief missionary or minister at the Mohawk
village he would use his best endeavours to induce the Indians
to learn the arts and practise the duties of civilized life And
in consideration of these services he was to have a fixed stipend
to be drawn for by him on the Treasurer of the Company in
London half yearly and the use of fifty acres of land as glebe
and of the said Tuscarora parsonage upon the said land And
whereas tlie Six Nation Indians for the most part are now on
the south-west side of the river living dispersedly on an Indian
reserve some 55,000 acres in extent and about 10 miles square
but some few families of Indians still remain on the north-east
bank of the river. And whereas ihe Company's present mis-
sionaries the said Abraham Nelles and Adam Elliott live at the
said Mohawk and Tuscarora parsonages and the Reverend Ro-
bert James Roberts who in the year 1862 on the recommenda-
tion of the Bishop of Huron was appointed by the said Abraham
Nelles his assistant missionary lives in a log house near the re-
cently built church of Kanyeageh and near the parsonage still
more recently built by the Company for the minister thereof
And whereas some unfortunate misunderstanding and discord
have arisen within the last 2 years in connection with the Com-

1870.]

APPENDIX VI.

311

pany's proceedings and aflairs on the banks of the Gra.id
River And whereas the said Company are desirous of putting
an end to all diftbrences (and with this view) of obtaining ac-
curate inforiuatioa concerning the present position of the
Indians near the Grand Eiver and concerning the progress
state and prospects of their own affairs near the Grand liiver
and concerning the welfare and the advancement in reli-
gion morality and civilization of the Indian and other native
tribes among whom the ministers interpreters school-teachers
and agents of the said Company have laboured and are still
labouring in the neighbourhood of the Mohawk Tuscarora and
Kanyeageh Missions in forwarding the objects of the said
Company And whereas the Honourable Amos Edwin Bots-
ford of Sackville Westmoreland in the Province of New
Brunswick in the Dominion of Canada a Member of the Senate
of the said Dominion has been requested on behalf of the
Company to undertake such inspection and investigation and
has consented so to do And the said Company are desirous
of appointing him the said Amos Edwin Botsford as their
Commissioner to act for them in the said Dominion in manner
and for the purposes hereinafter expressed And whereas the
said Company have given or intend forthwith to give the said
Commissioner instructions for his private guidance and direc-
tion in relation to the aflfairs of the said Company near Grand
River aforesaid and are minded and desirous to furnish the
said Commissioner in manner hereinafter expressed with full
power and authority to investigate all or any of the affairs of
the said Company near the Grand River and to report thereon
to the Company with the powers hereinafter expressed Now
know ye that the said Company by virtue and in exercise of
every power in them vested or in anywise enabling them in
this behalf Do hereby constitute and appoint the said Amos
Edwin Botsford to be their Commissioner for and in the name
of the P'.id Company to visit the Six Nation Indians on both
sides V i the Grand River and investigate and fully inquire into
the subsisting relations with the Indians and between them-
selves of the several persons there employed directly or indi-
rectly by the Company and into all or any of the affairs of the

In I ! .

312

APPENDIX VI.

[1870.

ffl

■:l' !;■ 1?-

;. 1

said Company in tlie Dominion of Canada within 20 miles on
either side of the Grand River tiud to inspect and examiue all
or any matters and things in Canada relating to or connected
with the Company's affairs and to report thereon to the said
Company with his recommendations as to the best modes of
giving eflfect for the future to the objects which it is the duty
of the Company to accomplish under their threefold trust and
in the meantime to communicate with the Company as and
when he may think fit And also for and in the name of the
Company (if and when occasion shall in his judgment require)
to call upon aud by due course of law to compel all or any of
officers and persons employed by the said Company aud all or
any other persons or person whomsoever to give information
touching such affairs matters aud things or any of them and
to produce to the said Commissioner all or any grants deeds
accounts letters documents papers and writings in their or
any of their possession custody or power and to permit him to
take copies thereof In witness whereof the said Company
have to these presents caused their Common Seal to be affixed
this eighteenth day of June a.d. 1870.

The Seal of the Company for the
Propagation of the Gospel in
New England and the parts
adjacent in America was affixed
to this Commission on this 18th
day of June 1870 by Order of
a Court of the said Company
of the 17th day of June 1870.
Walteb C. Venking,
Clerk.

* t

i 1 :

[1870.

1870.]

3L3

APPENDIX VII.

ill I

(p. 117.)

Eeport of the Hon. A. E. Botsfobd, Commissioner op

THE Nkw England Company, on tiieiii Missionauy

Stations on the Grand Kivee, near Brantpoed,

Ontario.

Presented December, 1870.

Report of the Hou. A. E. Botaford, Coimnissioner of the
Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England
and the parts adjacent in America, appointed by a Commission
under the seal of the Company, dated the 18th day of June,
1870, for, and in the name of the said Company, to visit the
Six Nations Indians on the Grand liiver, near Brantford,
Ontario, with power to investigate and fully inquire into the
relations of the Indians and any of the affairs of the said Com-
pany, and the several persons employed by it, etc. etc., and to
report thereon to the said Company.

On the 20tb day of September I arrived at Brantford,
having been unavoidably prevented from entering on the per-
formance of the duties entrusted to me at an earlier day.

I immediately proceeded to visit the Company's Missions
of Kanyeageh, situated in the centre of the Indian Reserve
of (50,000 acres) Tuscarora, on the left bank of the Grand
Eiver, and the Mohawk Mission, near the town of Brantford ;
I called upon the Rev. Canon Nelles, the Rev. Mr. Roberts,
and the Rev. Mr. Elliot. I may here remark that all these
reverend gentlemen have afforded every aid in their power, and
given me the fullest information on all subjects connected with
the Company's affairs.

I have also to express my thanks to Mr. Gilkison, the
Government visiting Superintendent, for the valuable assist-
ance and information I have received from him during the
inquiry.

314

APPENDIX Vll.

[1870.

;!t,

Churches.

The old Mohawk Church stands on the north-east bank of
the Grand Kiver, about a quarter of a mile from the Company's
Mohawk Institution. It ia the oldest Protestant churcu in
Western Canada, and was built by the aid of the Six Nations
Indians when they emigrated fro.n the valley of the Mohawk
Eiver, state of New York, during the Revolutionary War.

They and their descendants continued to worship in this
church until the irresistible encroachment and pressure of the
white man drove them again further into the wilderness. It
stands a memorial of the past, amidst the graves of Indian
chiefs and warriors, an interesting ruin.

The churchyard is the last resting place of the celebrated
Indian chief and warrior Brant, of historic fame, to whom the
Six Nations Indians and his white friends have erected a per-
manent stone monument, with the following inscription : —

This Tomb
« Is erected to the Memory of

TUEYONDANEGEA, Oil

CAPTAIN JOSEPH BRANT, PRINCIPAL

CHIEF AND WARRIOR

of the Six Nations Indians, by his Fellow Subjects and
admirers of his fidelity and attachment to the

British Crown.

Born on the Banks of the Ohio Eiver, 11i:2 ;

Died at Wellington Square^ U.C, 1807.

An effort is being made by the Indians and their friends,
to repair this church. A large committee has been appointed
to collect subscriptions for this purpose, of which the Kev.
Canon Nelles is chairman, and Allen Cleghorn, Esq., an elected
Mohawk Chief, is the treasurer. They have obtained an esti-
mate of the probable cost of such repairs, which amounts to
<$flOOO (dollars currency), and have succeeded in raising the
sum of ^265 currency, which they have expended in putting a
new roof on, and making a brick foundation to the old build-
ing. The balance required to complete it, they have not yet suc-
ceeded in getting. The Committee laid the plans and estimate

1870.]

APPENDIX Vll.

815

of the cost of restoration of the church before me, and earnestly
requested that I would briug the subject before the New Eng-
land Company, and recommend it to make an appropriation
to aid them in their laudable eifort.

This church is so near the tohawk Institution, the pupils
could at all times attend service there ; and I have no doubt
many of the Indians on the nearest part of the reserve would
also frequently attend the church, if it were repaired, as it is
still cherished by them as the place where their fatiiers wor-
shipped ; and the churchyard coutains the graves of many of
their celebrated chiefs, warriors, and relations. I think the
restoration of this old church an object well worthy of the
favourable consideration of the Company, and I hope it will
bt in its power to make a grant of at least £50 (fifty pounds
sterling) for that purpose.

There is an old wooden church at the Tuscarora Mission,
on the left bank of the Grand River, about eleven miles from
the town of Brantford, in which service is held once a mouth
by the Rev. Mr. Elliot, assisted sometimes by the Rev. Canon
Nelles, when the holy communion is administered. Service is
performed during the remaining Sundays in each month by
the Rev. Mr. Elliot, on the opposite baiik of the river, in the
several school-houses in the vicinity, for the convenience of the
Indian congregation, who are thus relieved from the necessity
of crossing the river, which, sometimes in the spring of the
year, is attended with some diflficulty and danger.

As there are but six Indian families now residing on the left
bank of the Grand River, it has been proposed to build a new
church on the south-west side, the materials are now being
collected for that purpose, and when completed will afford
much greater facility for the Indians to attend church, and
will no doubt tend to increase the congregation.

Some difference of opinion has been expressed as to the site
for this new church, and it has been proposed to place it more
in the centre of the Reserve, or nearer the Indian Council
House ; but after full inquiry and consideration of this ques-
tion, I have no doubt that the site selected on the right bank
of the Grand River, nearly opposite the Tuscarora Parsonage,

310

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

■1

U i

is the moat convenient and Huitablo place for the church. It will
not only accommodate as many of the Indian families as any
other that could be chosen, but the Indians like to come out
to the river to attend worship, in preference to any other place,
and it would not interfere with the attendance at the Kanyea-
geh Church, which would be the case if the new church were
placed near the council house.

Kanteageh CnuRcn,

Situated nearly in the centre of the Tuscarora Reserve, is a
very beautiful brick building, with two handsome memorial
stained-glass windows, one m the chancel and the other in
the west end, erected by the Rev. Canon Nelles and the Itev.
Mr. Elliot to deceased members of their respective families.
The side windows are all of cathedral glass. This beautiful
church in the midst of the forest is a striking and pleasing
object to the traveller, and reflects great credit upon the Com-
pany and the gentlemen through whose exertions and liberality
it has been erected. It is capable of seating 250 persons. At
present, service is performed once every Sunday in this church
by the Rev. Canon Nelles.

While visiting this part of Kanyeageh Mission, the Rev.
Dean Hoare, from England, accompanied by the Rev. Canon
Nelles and the Rev. Messrs. Elliot and Moli'at, held service in
this chui'ch, and the Rev. Dean delivered an admirable and
appropriate discourse to the large Indian congregation which
liad assembled to hear him ; the Indian choir sang the hymns
in the Mohawk language.

They were all comfortably clothed, and very devout in their
conduct.

Within a mile of this church lives an old chief and warrior
of the Tutele tribe, 110 years old ! He is the last of his race,
bis people having been cut oif by the smallpox years ago ; and
he dwells now a lone man among the Six Nations, a t-ad
evidence of the havoc civilization has made of the aborigines,
who once roamed at will over this vast continent.

t ■«} ;

I 1 !•

Jli

1870.J

API'KNDIX VII.

317

Parsonages.

The Molmwk Mi^Hioii pjirsoimge, in whidi the "Rev. Canon
Ncllcs resides, is a substantial, coniniodiouw brick building in
t'ottngo form, in a good state of ri'|)air; it has ii verandah. It
is situated ou the glebe lot of 220 acres, on the north-east
bank of iho Grand lliver Navigation Coin|)any'a Canal, about
one mile from the town of Brantford, and about one-third of a
mile from the Mohawk Institution.

About 60 acres of the glebe is covered with brush and
young trees, and is preserved for wood; the renuiiiider on
that side of the canal is well cultivated by Mr. Nelles. The soil
is good, and it is a valuable property; he has leased u small
portion of it for a brick-yard, where excellent bricks are being
manufactured.

The part of the glebe (about 20 acres) lying south-west of
the canal, and adjoining the Babcock lot, ia cultivated by the
Superintendent Bouslaugh, and the proceeds credited to the
funds of the Mohawk Institution, Mr. Nelles having authorized
this arrangement.

Adjoining the glebe is the Company's school lot, containing
fifty (50) acres, uncultivated. The valuable timber was taken
from it years ago ; Mr. Nelles is now preserving the new
growth, which will become valuable in time.

TuscAHORA Parsonage

Is built on the Company's 17^ acre lot, about half a mile south
of the old Tuscarora Church, It is a comfortable two-storey
building, with a kitchen attached. It has a wide verandah
round two sides of the main building. The Rev. Mr. Elliot
occupies this parsonage, and the 36^ acre lot near the old
church as a glebe.

Kanteagbh Pabbonagb

Is a new brick building, two storeys high, with a wooden
verandah round the front and two sides ; the kitchen extends
to the rear. This parsonage is well proportioned and sub-
stantially built, and is a most desirable residence for the mis-
sionary. The Eev. Mr. Eoberts is now living ia it.

i i

! Hi

!!i

1 '!!i

tl-ilt'

318

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

. •

re J

1
.if

Much requires to be done in clearing up and laying out the
grounds, which are in their primitive state ; large pine stumps
in close proximity to the verandahs give evidence of the rich-
ness of the soil, and the labour required to cultivate it. The
Rev. Mr. Roberts informed me that there is a spring in the
cellar, vrhich requires a subdrain leading to the small brook in
front of the house, as without it some six inches of water re-
mains on the cellar floor.

Day Schools on the Reserve.

During my visit to the Six Nations Indians 1 personally
examined all the schools supported by the Company, and found
generally the attendance oi the children to be very irregular,
and the average attendance mucii under the total numbers on
the registers. In every instance, however, the teachers stated
that there was, and had been, a greater prevalence of fever and
ague among the children on the Reserve this season than usual,
which they asserted was the principal cause of the compara-
tively few children I found at the schools.

Other causes exist which prevent the scholars from reaping
the full benefit of these useful institutions, — the state of the
roads in winter ; the prevailing custom of the parents taking
their children from school to assist in putting in and securing
their crops. There exists also a want of control of the Indians
over their children, and an indifference manifested as to their
attendance at school, which operates very prejudicially.

I was informed, however, by persons who have the best
opportunity of knowing, that much greater interest is being
taken in the education of their children by the Indians than
formerly ; in proof of this, I may mention that many Indians
expressed to me a desire to have their children placed at the
Mohawk Institution.

With all the difl&culties and drawbacks connected with these
day schools, I consider them highly useful in promoting the
objects which the Company have in view, and well worthy of
its continued support.

The land for the school-houses on the Reserve has, in nearly
every instance, been surrendered by the Indian occupier of the

^mw,

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

319

lot upon wliich the house may have been built for school pur-
poses, in quantities from an acre to less pieces.

In no case that I am aware of has a grant issued to convey
the title, but no difficulty or inconvenience has yet arisen, or
is likely to arise, from this, as the title to the land remains in
the Dominion Government, which would always interfere to
protect the proprietors of the schools.

There are no school-houses now vacant belonging to the
New England Company.

No. 1 School is taught by Miss Crombie, in a frame school-
house, lathed and plastered inside ; it is well supplied with
desks, benches, maps, blackboards, and school-books authorized
by the Council of Public Instruction for Ontario. This school-
house is situated quite near Kanycageh Church, and was built
principally with the Company's funds ; an acre of land has
been appropriated for the use of the school, which the trustees
whom I met there promised to have cleared of the underbrush
and fallen trees.

There were present 34 children, comfortably and neatly
clothed, with few exceptions. Branches taught: spelling,
readin" writing, arithmetic, and geography. The writing-
books of the scholars were unusually free from blots, and were
well written ; the first class read and spelt with facility.

Five of the scholars had lately been selected by the Eev.
Canon Nelles from this school, and admitted to the Mohawk
Institution.

The average attendance at this school is 30, and the total
number on the register 85. Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie
taught a night-school two nights in each week in this school-
house during last winter, at which many adult Indians at-
tended. This school is under the Rev. Mr. Roberts' sursr-
intendence.

No. 2 School is taught by James Hill, a Mohawk Indian,
educated at the Mohawk Institution. The school-house is a
log building, hired by Mr. Roberts on account of the Com-
pany. The books used in the school are the new series of
school-books authorized by the Council of Public Instruction
for Ontario ; it is supplied with maps and blackoonrd. Branches

320

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

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taught : spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, and geography ;
34 scholars were present. The average attendance in winter
25, and in summer 2G ; total number on register GG. The
copy-books of the pupils were clean and well written. A little
boy in this school, not quite eight years of age, is very clever
and forward in his studies ; speaks Mohawk, Tuscarora, and
English ; he is a son of a Seneca Indian and a white woman.
The children were comfortably clothed.

The Indians in this vicinity, assisted by the Company, have
commenced to build a new scliool-house, on a half acre of land
given by one of them, opposite the Indian Council House.
The frame was all ready, and they would have raised it the day
I examined the school had it not rained. Under the Eev. Mr.
Roberts' superintendence.

No. 3 School, taught by Alexander Smith, a Mohawk Indian,
educated at Mohawk Institution, and went a short time to the
Brantford Grammar School. This school was formerly taught
by Isaac Barefoot ; it is situated in the western part of the
l^eserve ; the school-house was built by the Indians, framed
and clap-boarded, but it is not now in a good state of repair.
Books in use: the old and new series of Canadian school-
books. Branches taught: spelling, reading, writing, and
arithmetic. They have no maps or blackboard. Sixteen pupils
were present when I examined the school. Average attendance
in May last appeared, by the school register, to be 29 daily.
He has on the register 32 boys and 27 girls, and has been
teaching five months. He complained that many of his oldest
scholars were absent, and others were sick. Those present
were rot far advanced in the elementary branches, and the
teacher lacked method and quickness in his manner of teach-
ing, though he evidently possesses sufficient information to
qualify him to teach a school of this class. It is under the
superintendence of the Rev. Canon Nelles. '

No. 4 School. Mrs. Powless teaches this school ; she is a
Mohawk, went to one of the day-schools, and finished her
education at the Mohawk Institution. She is an Episco-
palian. The school is kept in a log house, built by the
Baptists, and leased by the Company. It was a very rainy day

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

321

lis a
her

tsco-
tbe
day

when I visited the school, and but few children were present.
The average attendance in winter is 25, in summer 20, and the
number on the register 85. They have a blackboard, maps, and
the Canadian series of school-books to the fourth number.
She stated that many of the children were prevented from
ottending at this season of the year by fever and ague. The
branches taught are spelling, reading, writing, arithmet:*^, and
geography. The school-house is situated on the south-west
bank of the Grand Eiver, nearly opposite the Tuscarora
Church. The Eev. Mr. Elliot superintends this school; he
remarks, " The attendance at this school is now very irregular,
and chiefly, I believe, on account of the negligence of their
pii'ents."

No. 5 School is situated on the third Concession Koad, and
one and a half miles from the south-east boundary of the
Indian Keserve. It was formerly taught by A. Anthony, but
is now kept by Daniel Simons, a Delaware, who was educated
at the Mohawk Institution. He has been employed in this
school one year, and received from the Company a salary of
two hundred dollars (<^200) currency. I visited it on the
29th of September, and the teacher was not aware I was
coming : there were no children present. Some of the parents
belong to the Church of England, others to the "Wesleyan
Methodists. The branches taught are spelling, reading, writ-
ing, arithmetic, and grammar. The books used are the
Canadian series of school-books. The teacher stated that there
was much sickness from fever and ague among hia pupils.
Average attendance from 10 to 15 ; total number on register,
22.

The Rev. Mr. Elliot superintends this school ; he remarks,
" On account of the carelessness of the parents the children do
not attend very regularly." Upon reference to the plan pre-
pared by the Rev. Mr. Roberts, it will be observed there is an
old school-house about a mile south-east of Simons' school, in
which the Rev. Mr. Elliot has service sometimes.

No. 6 School is taught by Mrs. Beaver. The school-room
is a very comfortable one, and provided by her husband, Jouu
Beaver, without assistance from others. It is situated on the

l,|.i;' lii

322

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

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east portion of the Eeserve, in the township of Oneida, nenr
the boundary of Tuscarora. She is a Cayuga and attends Mr.
Elliot's church. The books used by the pupils are the
Canadian series of echool-books to No. 3. Branches taught :
spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. There were only
5 (Scholars present ; average attendance, 15 ; total number on
register, 28.

This school is in the midst of pagans of the Cayuga and
Onondaga tribes, who are opposed to sending their children
to school, though this is not universally the case with them,
as in some instances individuals who still cling to the ancient
worship evince an anxiety to have their children educated.
After exan^'iiing this school, I called upon the pagan chief,
William Jacob, a Cayuga, who lives within half a mile of
Mrs. Beaver's school, and endeavoured to persuade him to
take advantage of the Company's benevolent aid, and give
his family the benefit of an English education, which had now
become so essential to the welfare and advancement, even of
the Indian race; but he sternly refused, saying the white man
induced the Indians to send their children to school, and then
he sent them to the Penitentiary, pointing his finger signifi-
cantly in the distance, referring to the number of Indians who
had gone to the white man's school, who were afterwards con-
victed of crimes, and sent to the penitentiary ; and triumphantly
contrasted the case of his brother pagans, who, he said, were
never sent there. He then defiantly turned to Chief Q-. M.
Johnson, who was with me and acted as my interpreter, and
reproached him with having to employ another man to say his
prayers for him, while he (Jacob) could pray to the Great
Spirit without any such assistance.

This chief is a man of great personal influence among the
pagans, and remarkable for his sagacity and power of express-
ing hib ideas. I am informed he is the principal stumbling-
block to the conversion of his brother pagans to Christianity.
The irregular attendance at the schools of the Indian children,
either pagans or Christians, ought not, in my opinion, to be
attributed to the compulsory teaching of any particular doc-
trine or catechism, but to the causes I have elsewhere re-
ferred to.

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

3:23

ong the
xpresa-
mbling-
tianity.
hildren,
, to be
ar doc-
lere rc-

Notwithstanding the fact that so few children attend regu-
larly at Mrs. Beaver's School, it is important it should be con-
tinued, as no doubt the pagans will be gradually induced to
Bend their children to it, and thus afford one of the most
effectual means for their conversion to Christianity.

The Rev. Mr. Elliot has the superintendence of this
school.

No 7 School is taught by Miss Ilyndman ; she has a second-
class certificate as teacher from the Board of Education for
Ontario. The school-house was built by the Baptist and
other Indians of hewn logs, lathed and plastered within. Tho
books used are the Canadian national series (old) of school-
books, and book No 5 of the new series. The school requires
maps and blackboard. There were only ten children present.
Branches taught : spoiling, reading, writing, and arithmetic.
This school is not in a very eflBcient state.

I had an interview with the Indian trustees of the school,
who complained that the school had not been examined lately,
and that the teacher did not keep the school regularly ; that
the people were not satisfied with her. They stated that they
had made representations to the Rev. Canon Nelles, who
superintends the school, of these matters, but had not heard
from him since.

No. 8 School is taught by Isaiah Joseph, a Tuscarora, and
understands the Mohawk language ; was educated at the Mo-
hawk Institution. The school-house is a frame building, lathed
and plastered within ; it was built by the Indians, assisted by
the Company, and is one of the best on the Reserve. The
inhabitants in this district are Mohawk and Chippeways, with
a few Delawares. It is situated on the Second Concession
Road, at the boundary of the townships of Tuscarora and
Oneida, and adjoining the north-eL,.t portion of New Credit.
The teacher had just reopened the school after the vacation,
and there were but 8 scholars present. The average attendance
in winter is 30, and in summer 20 ; the total number on regis-
ter, 43. The books used are from No. 1 to 3 of the Canadian
series of school-books, authorized by the Council of Public
Instruction for Ontario. There are no blackboard or maps.

! ]\

!!:!!:

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324

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

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The scholars read and spell very well. The teacher is paid
two hundred dollars (<^200) per annum by the Company.

The trustees of the school are N. Green, a Mohawk, be-
longing to the English Church ; John Cayuga, a Delaware,
belonging to the English Church ; and John Herkeman, a
Chippeway, Methodist.

They expressed in forcible terms (as do all the Indians on
the Reserve) their warm thanks for the generous and continued
assistance granted by the New England Company towards the
support of their schools, and in supplying them with churches
and missionaries.

The Eev. Mr. Elliot, who has charge of this school, re-
marks, "The attendance is satisfactory, and would be more
80 if the older pupils were not so often kept from school to do
farm-work."

I visited the "Thomas" School, formerly taught by Mrs.
Roberts, with the view of obtaining the necessary information
to enable me to answer the XXV. paragraph of my instruc-
tions. The school is now taught by Richard Yeoward, who
formerly kept school on the Reserve. There were 25 scholars
present — 17 boys and 8 girls. The books in use are the new
series of Canadian school-books, supplied by the Rev. Mr.
Nelles. Branches taught : spelling, reading, writing, and
arithmetic. The school had been puviously closed for six
months, and the children are not i'lir advanced in their studies.
The average daily attendance for the last quarter was 22, and
there are 48 on the register. The school-house was built by
the Indians ; it is a frame building, sheath; d \vithin with
boards, planed, grooved, and tongued. The trustees are Chief
Henry Clerch, Joseph Powless, and Jo^n Green ; they appear
very anxious to perform their duty. There is no school now
taught on the right bank of the river from the north-west
boundary of the Reserve to Mrs. Powless's school, a distance
of five miles. This is one of the most populous and best
cultivated portions of the Reserve ; and the Indian settlers
are anxious to have the Thomas School continued, as it is suffi-
ciently convenient for their children to attend it, as there aro
two roads from the river which converge at this point.

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

325

The school at the Indian Council House is also in a central
position, and is well attended by the pupils ; the inhabitants
of both districts exhibit an equal interestlin s'.ipporting their
respective schools, which are ono mile and a half apart, but
there is a sufficient number of children for both of them.
Under these circumstances I find it rather difficult to decide
which to recommend to the Company, assuming that it is
requisite for financial reasons to c^ose one of them ; and I hope
the means of the Company will enable it to support both.

Waiting for the Company's decision, I have assured the
teacher and trustees tliat his salary should be paid for the
next quarter, so that the school need not be closed until the
final decision of the Company is known ; and promised them to
recommend that the teacher's salary for the previous quarter
now due to him should also be paid.

The schools generally require a better supply of school-
books, maps, and blackboards ; and, if supplied by the Com-
pany, the teachers should be made responsible for their safe
custody and proper usage.

The other schools on the Indian Eeserve are : —

1st. The school situated at the Red Line, so-called and
maintained by the Wesley an Methodists, and taught by An-
drew Jacobs ; he has 30 scholars on the register, and a daily
average attendance of 20. The books in use are the new
series of Canadian school-books.

2ndly. Two schools at New Credit, taught by S. A. Wood
and Francis Wilson ; the school-houses are substantial frame
buildings, well supplied with maps, blackboards, and books of
the new series of Canadian school-booka ; these, with the
salaries of the teachers, ^250 (dollars) each, currency, are sup-
plied and paid by the Indian department out of the funds of
the Chippeway tribe. The total number of scholars on the
registers of these two schools is 51 boys and 32 girls.

There is no school on that portion of the Indian Eeserve
that lies '^'^ the north-east of the Grand Eiver.

The following school-teachers, paid by the Company, are
capable of conversing with tlieir pupils in their own dialects,
viz. Isaac Barefoot, Alexander Smith, Mrs. Powless, Daniel

32G

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

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Simons, Mrs. Beaver, Isaiah Joseph, and James Hill. No
doubt it is in some respects an advantage for the teacher to
be able to explain to the children, when first sent to school, in
their own language, what is being taught to them ; still, as
one of the first 'tnd most essential things to be taught the
Indian pupils is to speak English, and in a manner to forget
their own tongue, it is by no means absolutely necessary that
the teacher should possess a knowledge of the dialects of the
Six Nations Indians.

It would be very desirable that all the Company's teachers
at the day-schools, as well as at the Mohawk Institution,
should pass through a course of instruction at the admirable
Normal and Model Schools at Toronto ; but any such im-
perative condition attached by the Company to the employ-
ment of teachers at present, would be attended with some
difficulty, and should be gradually introduced ; and, with this
view, it would be advisable to select one or two young men
or women occasionally, and send them to those schools to fit
them for the office of teachers.

The teachers at the Mohawk Institution, the superin-
tendent and the teachers at the day-schools, have hitherto
been appointed by the Eev. Canon Nelies and the Eev. Mr.
Elliot.

Ist. I recommend that in future the Company's mission-
aries at the Grand River be constituted a Board, of which
the Rev. Canon Nelies should be the Chairman, for the pur-
pose of examining and appointing all teachers employed and
paid by the Company at Grand River ; and that the day-
schools should be examined quarterly by the missionary
having charge of the same, and report to the Company,
stating therein the number of children, the books, and sub-
jects in which they were examined, and the general state of
the school ; that the trustees and parents of the children
should be invited to be present at such examination. It is
desirable that printed forms for the teachers' quarterly re-
turns should be prepared, that the reports from all the day-
schools might be uniform.

2ndly. That all that part of the Reserve which lies to the

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

327

to the

south-west of the Fourth Coucession Bead, and north-west
of the side road which passes tlie Wesley an Methodist church
at New Credit, until it intersects the boundary between the
other portion of the Reserve and New Credit, thence follow-
ing the said boundary north-westerly and south-westerly until
it intersects the grea' road bounding the Reserve on the south-
west, do constitutf the Mission of Kanyoageh, and the re-
mainder of the Reserve to the east and south do constitute
the Tuscarora Mission. This arrangement would place the
schools taught by Mrs. Powlesa, Mrs. Beaver, Daniel Simons,
ami Isaiah Joseph, under the supervision of the Rev. Mr.
Elliot; and the schools taught by Miss Crombie, Miss Hynd-
man, Alexander Smith, and James Hill, under that of the
missionary of Kanyeageh.

3rdly. That the pupils to be admitted at the Mohawk
Institution should be selected from the day-schools on the
Reserve in proportion to the average attendance at each school
respectively, according to proficiency and good conduct, the
Chairman of the Board and the Missionary in charge of the
school to hold a competitive examination for that purpose. This
mode of selecting the applicants for admission to the Institu-
tion will prove a great incentive to the Indian parents to send
their children regularly to the day-schools, and will render
unnecessary so long an attendance at the Institution as five
years, which is required if the pupils are not previously in-
structed in the elementary branches, and thus enable a greater
number of Indian children to enjoy the advantages of the In-
stitution^ as a course of three years instead of five would amply
suffice.

There will arise exceptional cases to the above rule, which
may well be left to the discretion of the Chief Missionary in
charge of the Institution.

4thly. Trustees of schools should be appointed by the Pro-
prietors of each school, whose duty it should bo to see that
fuel is supplied the school, that the house be kept in good
repair, and properly provided with desks, benches, etc. etc., to
attend the quarterly examinations made by the missionary, to
exert themselves to induce the children to attend school regu-
larly^ and to carry out any suggestions of the Superintendent.

i "

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328

APPKNDIX Vl\.

[1870.

T believe the Indians would value more highly the privileges
of education and religioua instruction which the Company so
liberally bestow on them, if they were called on to contribute
more of their own funds to these essential objects.

The average daily attendance at the Company's day-schools
for the past year was about 181 boys and girls ; the total
numbers on registers, 385.

The Wesleyan Methodists support two missionaries on the
Grand River Iteserve, one at New Credit • thnt portion as-
signed to the Ojibbeway, or Chippeway, ad the tribe is gene-
rally called, consisting of GOOO acres, who principally belong
to that Church, and the other on the north-east part of the
Six Nations Eeservo.

I had an interview with the llev. Mr. Lawson, who resides
at the latter mission ; he confirmed the previous information
I had received from other sources as to the friendly terms
which existed between himself and the Company's mission-
aries, whom he hi<,'hly esteems. He stated that the assistance
which the New England Company had afforded to the Six
Nations Indians, and the manner in which it had been applied,
had accomplished much in civilizing and converting them to
Christianity ; that he observed a marked improvement in their
morals, system of cultivation, and manner of living.

I called on the Eev. Mr. Wolsey, the other Wesleyan mis-
sionary at New Credit, and he confirmed the statement made
by the Eev. Mr. Lawson. Both these reverend gentlemen
are admirably adapted to the good work they have undertaken,
and their zealous labours are being rewarded by the visible
improvement in civilization and increased knowledge of the
holy precepts of Christian religion evinced by the Indians
who attend their religious teachings.

It affords me the deepest satisfaction to have it in my
power to report the friendly terms which exist between these
reverend gentlemen and the Company's missionaries at the
Grand Eiver ; actuated by a truly Christian spirit, the rela-
tions between them are entirely free from bigotry and un-
seemly interference with each other's duties ; and, indeed, there
is an ample field for all. .

tJiis-M

1S70,]

APPENDIX VII.

329

Mohawk Institution

la a Bubstantial brick building, well adapted for the purposes
to which it ia applied. It stands on the ten-acre lot granted
to the New England Company, and ia surrounded by the
Manual Labour Lot, in poaaesaion of the Company in trust
under a licence of occupation from the Government. It is
capable of accommodating ninety boarders, the superintendent
and his wife. It is propoaed to build a school-room attached
to the main institution, sufficiently large to accommodate the
boys on the first flat, and the girls to occupy the upper storey.
This addition, if sanctioned by the Company, will afford room
for one hundred pupils, as the present school-rooms can be
appro})riated for sleeping apartments; this arrangement will
also relieve the present over-crowded dormitories. The esti-
mate of the probable cost of this addition, Mr. Nelles informed
me, is being prepared ; I think it will not exceed one hundred
and seventy.five pounds sterling (£175). It ia well worthy
the favourable consideration of the Company. Every part of
the Institution is kept in good order, and the pupils are neatly
and comfortably clotlied. The branches taught are spelling,
reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, composition,
and in a few instances, drawing.

The girls are taught, in addition to these studies, to sew,
knit, wash, and do other housework. The Institution is well
supplied with the Canadian series of school-books (old and
new), Lovell's ' General Geography,' with maps and illustra-
tions, blackboards, maps, and Sangster's * Elementary Arith-
metic,' designed for the use of Canadian schools.

Isaac Barefoot, a Mohawk, who was educated at the Insti-
tution, and afterwards passed through a course of instruction
at the Normal School, Toronto, is the teacher and catechist of
the girls' department. He is a very methodical and intelligent
instructor. There were (30) thirty girls present, and some of
the specimens of composition were very creditable. After I
had examined the classes, we went into the small reception-
room, which is furnished with a harmonium, and the girls sang
a hymn with much skill.

!i m

I'j;

330

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

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I then examined the boys' department, which is taught by
Thomas Griffith, who has been in the Company's employment
nearly nineteen years, having previously taught a day-school
on the Reserve, a most estimable man. The first classes passed
a good examination in reading, spelling, arithmetic, and gram-
mar. Mr. Griffith stated that some of his best scholars had
not returned since the vacation. There were forty ( f-0) boys
present, some of them rather too young to be admitted at the
Institution, requiring to bo taught the very first rudiments,
thus occupying the time of the teacher which could bo more
profitably devoted to his other pupils. This objection applies
to the girls' department, though not to the same extent, and
will be removed if the suggestion I have previously made, of
selecting from the day-schools, be adopted.

There are on the registers forty-four (44) boys, and forty-
eight (48) girls.

Mr. Griffith in his return makes the following interesting
remarks, viz. : —

" It is no uncommon question for visitors to ask me if
" Indian children have equal capabilities for receiving instruc-
" tion as white children, and from a long experience I can only
" answer in the aflBrmative. The Indian language is the only
*' hindrance to their improvement in English literature. When
" both whites and Indians are taught together at the same
" school, the white children seldom have much to boast of in
" advance of the Indian, and very often the Indians are
*' superior.

" We have sent some of our boys to Brantford Common
" and Grammar Schools, from time to time, and every one of
" them was a credit to this Institution. Those who are at the
" Hellrauth College, London, at present, are remarkable for
" good behaviour and proficiency in their studies.

** It is true they are slow in getting along at first, but we
•' should not expect too much of the children of the forest,
" who have everything to learn and a great many bad habits to
" get rid of.

" If they can only master the English language, all else that
" is learned by people generally comes very easy to them.

lt>70.]

APPENDIX VII.

831

" There are many of them at present wuU taught, and it ia
" reasonable to hope that the day is not far distant when they
" will be nble to dispense altogether with the white man's
" help."

The following is a list of the number of boys ond girls
iidmitted, and of those who left the Institution, for the last
leu years. '

Year.

B0J8

Admitted.

Oirls
Admitted.

Total
Admitted.

Total left.

18G1

18U2

1863

1861

1805

1860

1867

1868

1869

1870

135

225

168

jlse that
im.

Mr. GriflBth performs the duty of catechist to the pupils of
the Institution ; on Sundays reads the Church Service, and
gives them religious instruction.

As to the number of young Indians receiving assistance
from the Company to enable them to complete their educi:tion,
I have received the following information from the Bev.
Canon Nelles, viz. : —

" The Indian children, so far as I know, who are assisted
'* by the New England Company in obtaining a superior edu-
" cation are Albert Anthony, at Huron College ; Beverley
" Johnson and Nelles Monture, at Hellmuth College ; Char-
" lotte Johnson, Su?annah Carpenter, and Jemima Maracle, at
" the Ladies' Hellmuth College ; and George Hill, at a medi-
'* cal college at or near Belleville. I am not able to state the
"amount paid for each, as the payments are made, I believe,
" directly to the colleges."

332

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

IS!

Mr. and Mrs. Nelles devote much of their time in super-
intending and watching over the interests of the Institution,
and are both of them loved and respected by all the scholars,
whose welfare and comfort are looked after by Mrs. Nelles as
if they were members of her own family. She frr^uently has
the girls at the parsonage, and to her example and teaching
are mainly to be attributed the gentle and correct demeanour
of the girls.

I have only to add my testimony to that of others as to the
excellent management of this Institution, and to the great
benefit it has conferred on the Indian race.

The cost of keeping up the Institution for a year, including
salaries, except that of the Eev. Canon Nelles, is about ^5750
(dollars), or ^G4i, about thirteen pounds sterling (£13), for
each scholar ; this includes boarding, clothing, aB well as all
other expenses, but does not show the product of the Manual
Labour Farm used in the Institution.

I have suggested to Mr. Nelles that he had better in future
keep a farm account, showing the quantity of produce raised
and how disposed of.

Manual Laboub Fabm

Consists of the 200-acre lot previously referred to, the Babcock
lot, 33 acres, and about 20 acres of that portion of the
" Mohawk Mission" Glebe which lies south-west of the " Grand
Eiver" Navigation Company's Canal, and is farmed by the
Superintendent Bouslaugh. Most of the land is under
very good cultivation; a portion of the Mai, "i Labour lot
is flooded by the spring freshets of the " Grand iiiver," which
have carried a quantity of debris of sand and gravel over it,
and injured it for tillage purposes, but it is used for pasturage.
Mr. Bouslaugh takes a certain number of the boys at the
Institution to work on the farm in turn for a week or less at a
time, as the exigency of the work may require ; teaching them
to plough, BOW, make hay, and other occupations of the farm.
The boys have also a certain number of horses, cows, etc., to
take care of when taey are kept in the barn. This arrange-

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

333

Hient is 80 managed as not to interfere much with their studies
while it is calculrted to give them a fair knowledge of agricul-
tural operations, and instil habits of industry.

There are several good barns and sheds on the farm, which
are well filled with wheat, oats, and peas. Tlie products of the
farm not consumed in the Institution are sold, and the pro-
ceeds credited to the fund appropriated to its maintenance.
There is an old building on the Babcock lot which is rented.
The old institute buildings near the Mohawk church have
become dilapidated and entirely valueless, and should be pulled
down, to prevent any vagrant person getting into them, which
might lead to some trouble and expense to eject them. The
young Indians were formerly taught trades in these buildings,
but this branch of instruction has for some time been aban-
doned ; the result not seeming to justify the expense. The
resident Indians on the Beserve did not employ the mechanics
thus taught, and the few who followed their trade were em-
ployed as journeymen by the whites in the town of Brantford.

Lands.
The property belonging to the New England Company at

Grand River may be thus classified : —

Mohawk Parsouage Lot, granted in 1845 . .

Mohawk Mission School Lot, granted in 183G .

Babcock Lot, No. 2, purchased in 18G4, Deed .

Site of Institution Buildings, granted in 183G .

Site of old Institute Buildings, granted in 183G

Manual Labour Farm Lot, No. 5, exclusive of the-v

two sites of Institution Buildings, under C 189.32
Governor's Licence, 1859 . . J

acres.
220.00
50.00
33.00
10.00
.68

acres.

Oneida Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . 9G
Oneida Mission School Lot, granted in 1836 . 2.5
Oneida Mission Dwelling-house Lot, granted

in 1836 1.5

100.00

i: :■/•

Carried forward 603.00

334

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

1' ,

■ i

ic I

t -if' ""

a. r. p.
Brought forward G03.00

1. Tuscarora Mission Lot, granted in 1843 17 2 ^

2. Tuscarora Parsonage Lot, granted in i

1843 36 2 ) 55.19

3. Tuscarora Churchyard Lot, granted in

1843 1 30 ,

Onondaga Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . . 100.00
Delaware Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . . 100.00
Kanyeageh Mission Church Lot, granted .... 5.00
Kanyeageh Parsonage Lot, surrendered by Chiefs of ) ^ ^q

Six Nations to Company, and grant to issue. . 3

Total acres 871.19

The acre of land and building referred to in my instructions,
sections lOG to 110, were not purchased by Mr. Nelles for the
Company, and are not now required.

The Oneida School Lot of 100 acres is leased to one Mordue
and another person for sixty dollar. ''J^GO) per annum.

The Delaware School Lot of 100 i^ores, situate on the north-
east bank of the Grand Eiver, 28 miles from Brantford, is
leased to D. M'Lung for eighty dollars (^80) per annum.

The Onondaga School Lot of 100 acres, on the same bank
of the river, about eighteen (18) miles from Brantford, is
leased to John S. Kingston for sixty dollars (^60) per annum.
This is a valuable lot of land ; and deeming the rent ought to
be increased at the termination of the lease (in three years), I
have given the tenant notice* that the Company will expect
more rent if he should wish to renew his lease. He has pre-
served the wood of ti.e part not under cultivation, is a good
tenant, and entitled to the refusal when let again.

A small portion of this lot, about 2h acres, was cleared and
taken possession of by the adjoining proprietor, Joseph Fink.
I have given his widow formal noticef on behalf of the Com-
pany to yield up possession of this piece of land to the Rev.
Canon Nelles. I was informed by Kingston that the tres-
passer Fink paid rent to his sub-tenant about seven years ago.
* See Notice, post, j 351. t See Notice, ^o*<, p. 350.

\ 'I

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

335

With this exception, there is no disputed boundary, or
unauthorized occupation of any of the Company'is lands, either
by the whites or Indians.

The rents of the above-mentioned lots are collected by the
Eev. Mr. Nelles, and credited to the Company in his accounts.

8.00

)d and

Fink.

Com-

Eev.

tres-
8 ago.
lO.

TSTTEBPBETBIIS, CaTECHISTB.

Two interpreters are required on the Eeserve, one for the
Kanyeageh Church and the other for the Tuscarora Mission.
The school teacher at the Delaware Settlement has always
acted as interpreter there without additional pay. The Eev.
Canon Nelles employs Joseph Carpenter as his interpreter,
while holding service at Kanyeageh ; he speaks highly of his
ability, services, and character. The Superintendent of Indian
Affairs, Mr. Gilkison, says he is an inoffensive man, of irre-
proachable character, and a good interpreter.

Tlie Eev. Mr. Elliot now employs Isaac Hill, an Onondaga,
as interpreter and catechist. John Obadiah, a Tuscarora
chief, is also one of his catechists.

The names of his assistants are John Anderson (a Tusca-
rora, who was educated at the Mohawk Institution), and Chief
David Carpenter, of the Mohawk nation.

Chief Q-. M. Johnson is no longer the paid interpreter of
the Company ; he sometimes interprets gratuitously for the
Eev. Mr. Elliot, when he holds service on the Eeserve.

The interpreters are required to go with the missionary
whenever he requires their services, in addition to interpreting
on Sundays. They are appointed by the missionar - requiring
their services.

A detailed statement should be made by each missionary of
all services performed, moneys paid on account of the Com-
pany, stating t'lie nature of the service and names of tlie
parties employed, either as assistant or catechist or otherwise,
and an Annual Eeport be made for the information of the
Company, and for all payment of moneys vouchers should be
taken and filed with the chief missionary.

t'li

ji.:

336

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

\- i .;

^rr-

Six Nations Indians Reserve, at Q-eand River,

is bounded as follows, commencing on the right bank of the
Grand River, five miles south of the town of Brantford, thenco
running a nearly south-westerly course l^ miles, thence at
right angles, in a south-easterly course 10 j miles, thence at
right angles north-easterly 8 miles, until it intersects the
river ; thence following the course of tlie river north-westerly
to the place of beginning, containing about 45,000 acres ; in
addition to this there are about 1300 acres on the north-east
of the river, south of the village of Onondaga, left of the
original Indian Reserve.

The whole tract is a remarkably fertile one, scarcely an acre
to be found which, with proper culture and drainage, miglit
not be made productive. The land was formerly covered with
a magnificent growth of valuable oak, pine, maple, and other
woods, which have now nearly all been cut down and carried
off by the lumberman. Six thousand acres of the southern
portion of this Reserve was assigned by the Six Nations to
the Chippeway tribe, or Ojibbevvays.

There are no white squatters on any portion of the Reserve ;
the law prohibits any encroachment of this kind, and it has
been strictly enforced by the officers of the Indian Depart-
ment. But there is another practice, wliich, if permitted to
be continued, will as effectually dispossess the ludian as if the
white man was allowed to purchase the laud ; and that is the
defect in the existing law which enables the Indian occupier
of a lot to sell the wood on it to the whites, who buy it in
most cases far below its real value, and carry it off" with im-
punity. Nearly every portion of the Reserve is being tiius
rapidly stripped of its valuable wood, and in a very short time
many of the Indians will be left without any.

This is an indirect but most effectual way of driving the
improvident Indian from hia possession, for without the means
of procuring fuel in a climate like that of Canada, he will
become a helpless creature.

I addressed a letter* to the If on. Joseph Howe, General

* See this letter, post, p. 349.

[1870.

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

337

kneral

Superintendent of the Indian Department, on this subject.
I afterwards had au interview with him at Toronto, and he ex-
pressed his willingness to co-operate with the New England
Company in any way in his powder to further their benevolent
objects.

The interesting problem of preserving and civilizing the
aborigines of America, surrounded by the energetic, pushing
white man, is being worked out on the Six Nations Indian
Reserve under the moat favourable circumstances of climate,
of fertile lands especially reserved, yielding abundant crops of
all the necessaries of life, of a good market in its immediate
vicinity, of railway communication, of the example of a good
system of cultivation on the adjoining farms, with the paternal
care and protection of a Government whose hand is strength-
ened by the most stringent laws, and aided by the liberal and
benevolent contributions of the New England Company.

The experiment, although not so successful as the more
sanguine philanthropists had hoped, has still been very satis-
factory, and has resulted in a great advancement in the tem-
poral and moral condition of the Indian race, which forms a
striking contrast to the policy adopted by the neighbouring
republic towards that intoresting people. The time is ap-
proaching when the Government can with perfect safety en-
franchise the occupiers of the Grand River Reserve by giving
the most industrious and intelligent of them a full title to
their lots, for there are many men among them who, if now
left to themselves, would hand down their possessions to their
posterity.

About one-fifth of the whole of the Reserve is now under
cultivation. This doet not include portions of it which have
been cropped and since abandoned.

Many of the Indian settlers have comfortable frame houses
with several rooms, and cultivate their farms w ith success ;
raise horses, neat stock, sheep, and pigs, and seem to live very
comfortably. The principal crops raised are wheat, Indian
corn, oats, buckwheat, peas, hay, and potatoes. A majority of
them, however, live in small loghouses, some with only one
room, and cultivate their land without auy system, depending
mainly for the support of themselves and families on patches

f
I

3138

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

of Indian corn, which grows luxuriantly on every portion of
the Keserve.

The Indians have begun to use labour-saving implements
of husbandry ; and there are now owned by them a dozen
reaping- and mowing-machiues, a number of threshing-machines,
and hay rakes worked by horses.

The town of Brantford has now become an excellent market
for the surplus produce of the Indians on the Eeserve.

It has a population of eight thousand (8000), many beau-
tiful churches, substantial and capacious brick stores, hand-
some private residences, both in the city and suburbs, flour
mills, foundries, machine shops, etc. etc., and the m« chants
are enterprising and prosperous.

The city is beautifully situated in the valley of the Grand
River, and rapidly increasing. It is surrounded by a most
fertile country, producing all the necessaries of life and many
of its luxuries, every variety of fruit in great abundance, and
possessing a climate in which many varieties of grapes ripen
in the open air. The " Buffalo and Lake Huron Eailroad "
passes through the town, and steps are being taken to con-
struct a direct railway to Hamilton.

I was informed by Senator Blake and other gentlemen in
Brantford and its vicinity that the Six Nations Indians were
much improved in their circumstances, and that their manners
and habits are greatly reformed, also that they have become
much more sober and industrious.

I found many intelligent, respectable people among them.
I was present with the Eev. Canon Nelles and Eev. Mr. Ro-
berts at a " Temperance Picnic," held at the school-house,
where Isaac Barefoot formerly taught.

A number of chiefs, warriors, Indian men, women, and
children, to the number of some two hundred (200) attended.
All were well and comfortably dressed. The tables were
abundantly provided with excellent bread and butter, corn-
cake, pies and tarts of various kinds, a great variety of sweet
cake, preserves, honey, tea, etc. etc., all prepared and supplied
by the Indian women.

After the repast, temperance speeches were made, and all
passed off most decorously and pleasantly.

[1870.
irtiou of

lementa
a dozen
lachines,

; market

ny beau-
SB, liand-
pbs, flour
u chants

e Grand
r a most
md many
ance, and
pes ripen
lailroad "
1 to con-

emen in

ians were

manners

become

ng them.
Mr. Eo-

)ol-hou8e,

nen, and
attended.
)les were
er, corn-
of sweet
supplied

!, and all

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

339

From the influence of these societies and other causes, there
is now very little intemperance among the Indians. After a
sojourn of more than two weeks, I saw but one instance of in-
toxication, and that was not on the Reserve.

BOADS.

The roads on the Reserve are not good, and require a large
expenditure. The concession roads are better than the side
roads ; but some of the former are not opened entirely through.
Last summer the Council of Chiefs sanctioned the appropria-
tion of six hundred dollars (45^000) by the Indian Department
out of the interest money due the " Six Nations Indians."
Statute labour is annually performed by the Indians, under the
directions of the "Visiting Superintendent," but is not sufficient
to complete the roads required ; and it would be greatly to
the advantage of the settlers if a larger amount of the " Indian
Fund " were annually appropriated to that object.

If the road-ditches were completp'^' ^*: would assist ma-
terially in the surface drainage (»nt , required) of the Re-
serve.

Any thorough system of dniinage will be very costly ; and I
do not think it would be a judicious application of the Trust
Funds of the New England Company to grant money either
for this object or in making the roads. These expenditures
come more legitima*"--^ ' under ih(! superintendence of the In-
dian Department ; ^. jecially as the title to the land is still in
the Dominion Government.

Mr. Gilkison has not yet com()k'ted his report on the Tus-
carora Reserve ; and is uncertain when it will be ready to be
laid before the Secretary of State. The Six Nations Agricul-
tural Society held their "Third Annual Exhibition" on the
11th and 12th October ; and distributed ^168.75 (dollars) in
prizes. This society is doing much to encourage a better
system of agriculture. Another aj^ricultural society was being
formed at New Credit when I was on the Reserve, and the
Indians who were moving in the matter applied to me for

z 2

H ii

4i.
;1 i

340

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

it;

II :
ll

U.'^ ■ i

Census of
The Six
Nations
Indians.

Distribu-
tion Mo-
neys, 1869
and 1870,

information, in the expectation that they would receive assist-
ance from the Company.

I would recommend that any grants of money made by the
New England Company to encourage these societies should
be made in proportion to the amounts subscribed and paid by
the members thereof.

It is very desirable that these societies should be encou-
raged, as the Indians on the Reserve mainly depend on agri-
culture for their maintenance. ,

Number op Indians.

Mr. Gilkison kindly fur ilshed me with the following " Cen-
sus " and distribution of " Interest Money " among the Six
Nations Indians, viz. : —

(Copt.)

"Indian Office, Bbantfoed,

" 1st October, 1870.

" Dear Sir, — In reply to your note of yesterday's date, I beg
to state the population of the Six Nations Indians at Census,
last fall, 2867 ; the births were 131, deaths 70, natural increase
61. The natural increase during the past seven years is 268,
ranging from 30 to 69 per annum.

Moneys distributed <J^19,610, or <S'6.75 per head.

21,128, or 7.35 „

This does not include the Census of New Credit, or the
amount of " Interest Moneys " distributed to the Chippeways,
which by the Secretary of State's Report for the year 1869
was ^4386 dollars. The population is estimated at 215.

It appears from Mr. Gilkison's statement of interest money
paid the Indians, that each member of every family of the Six
Nations receives from fourteen to fifteen dollars currency
annually, which is paid by the Visiting Superintendent.

It seems but reasonable when an Indian child is selected
for admission to the Mohawk Institution, to be educated,
boarded, and clothed at the expense of the New England

[1870.

ve assist-

ie by the
>B should
d paid by

le encou-
on agri-

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

841

ng " Cen-
; the Six

DEC,

ler, 1870.

ite, I beg
.t Census,
1 increase
,rs is 268,

ad.

it, or the
ppeways,
ear 1869
215.

st money
f the Six
currency
It.

selected
educated,

England

Company, that the interest money the father is entitled to
receive for such child should be applied towards those objects, —
such a condition might be attached to the pupil's admission to
the Institution ; and I have no doubt the Indian Department
would, if applied to, sanction such a laudable application of the
interest money, and lend its aid to enforce it.

There are a few white people on the " Tuscarora Keservo"
who have married Indian women, and are farming their wives*
lots. And there are about twelve white men on the " New
Credit" portion of the Reserve who are working farms upon
shares for the Indians ; the terms of such an arrangement are,
generally, — one-third of the produce is given to the Indian for
the land, one-third for the seed to the party who supplies it,
and one-third to the white man for his labour.

I am not aware that any evil has as yet arisen from this
arrangement ; and, to judge from the cultivation of the farms
at " New Credit," and the improved class of buildings upon
them, I should say the system has given a good example to the
Indians as to a better mode of farming, which many of them
have taken advantage of.

It is computed there are still 500 Pagans on the Reserve,
principally Cayugas.

The explanation of the fact that many of the children at
the Institution are of mixed blood seems to me that, previous
to the removal of the Iroquois nation from the valley of the
Mohasvk River, state of New York, a commingling of the
Indian and white races begun to take place ; and after the Six
Nations came to reside at Grand River, many of the members
of the families of the leading chiefs intermarried with white
people.

Add to these circumstances the fact that a number of ille-
gitimate children are from time to time being born to white
fathers, will readily explain why so comparatively few full-
blooded Indian children are to be met with among the Six
Nations.

I;
1 r

! I

342

APPENDIX VII.

Pagan Wobship.

[1870.

It struck me as a very singular ppectacle to find 600 Pagans
surrounded by Christian churches and schools, and some
thousands of their fellow Indians who are Christians, and
many of them in daily communication with the whites. They
adhere, however, with great tenacity to their ancient worship
and ceremonies. The Iroquois never were idolaters in the
strict sense of the term, as they always addressed their prayers
to the " Great Spirit." The Cayugas have a Long House, aa
it is called, on their part of the Reserve, in which they cele-
brate their religious rites.

They sacrifice every year, in the month of February, a tchite
dog, which they bedeck with ribbons and strangle ; hang it up
for three days, then burn it, dancing round the fire singing a
mouotonous chant, keeping time by beating on a description
of tom-tom, made of a tortoise-shell.

If they cannot get a perfectly white dog, they use tobacco as
a substitute. They always meer, at their Long House when
their crops are harvested, and celebrate the occasion by danc-
ing, singing, etc., and with certain symbolic ceremonies.

■ 1, K

Indian Council.

I attended an Indian Council of the Chiefs, at the Council
House, a large new frame building situate nearly in the centre
of the Eeserve. This Council had been summoned by Mr.
Superintendent Gilkidon, principally to meet the Company's
Commissioner, whose arrival at the Eeserve had been long
expected. The day was very rainy, which prevented some of
the old men from attending, Some 35 chiefs and 30 warriors
were present. The Council was opened in the most formal
manner by an Onondaga Chief, a Pagan, the hereditary Fire-
keeper of the Council. His speech was interpreted by Chief
G. M. Johnson, the Government interpreter. He offered up
praise to the " Great Spirit " for the blessings of peace and
plenty which both the Indian and "i^Site man enjoyed ; con-
gratulated the Chiefs on being pre^. % on this occasion, and

[1870.

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

343

after a fow more general observntiona declared the Council
open for business.

One of the old Chiefs then proposed they should do what
the Indians always did to their brothers in Council, viz., shake
hands with the Commissioner, which was accordingly done
with great ceremony, after which several Chiefs made speeches :
said, it gave them great pleasure to meet the Company's Com-
missioner, that they wished him to express their thanks to the
Company for the assistance and encouragement they had
always afforded to the Six Nations, etc. etc., after which they
called upon the Coiiimisaioner to express his views, who then
stated the objects the Company had in view, the great interest
its members took in the wt-lfare of the Six Nations ; that they
had no desire to interfere with their political affairs, but they
would be well pleased to see the Indians manage their local
affairs to the best advantage ; that the Company expected the
Indians to co-operate with them in their efforts to advance the
religious and temporal welfare of the race.

The Commissioner referred eappcially to the disastrous con-
sequences which would result to the Six Nations if they per-
sisted in selling their wood to the whites, as many of them
were doing, etc. etc. The Chiefs expressed their approval of
the Commissioner's words, and the Council separated.

Lay Agent. •

I did not meet Mr. Blakiaton at " Grand River," und have
not had an opportunity of consulting with him as to the
necessity of appointing a " Lay Agent" for all the Company's
Missions in Canada ; I will therefore express my own opinion
on the subject. It is quite clear such an Agent is not required
for the protection of the Indians from the encroachments and
oppression of the Colonists, as visiting local Superintendents
are appointed by the Department of Indian Affairs to guard
and protect their interests, and the existing laws confer great
powers on the Governor-General and Privy Council for this
purpose especially. With respect to the Six Nations Indians,
I can bear testimony that they are particularly fortunate in

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

r/,

fc
^

1.0

I.I

1.25

|3 "■^"

E«.i

- lis lllllio

1.4

1.8

1.6

e-l

""m oyl

ail

APPENDIX VII.

[1870.

having appointed to that office so intelligent and vigilant an
officer as Mr. Gilkison. Nor do 1 think a Lay Agent is
required with reference to the accounts connected with the
Company's operations in Canada, as the expenditure is princi-
pally for the payment of salaries, and consequently not intri-
cate, and the Company's Missionaries at the respective
Missions cati perform nil that is requisite, viz., draw upon the
treasurer of the Company for the amount required for each
Mission, pay the salaries or grants for other purposes sanc-
tioned by the Company, take vouchers and file them with the
accounts, so that they can be referred to and cx;imined at any
time. When there are more than one ^Missionary at any Mis-
sion, the chief Missionary should perform this duty. The
appointment of a Lay Agent would be attended with consider-
able expense, as the Company's operations in Canada extend
to great distances apart, and the money required to secure the
services of a responsible person might be more advantageously
expended for other purposes.

I examined the Ktv. Canon Nelles' accounts and vouchers
with the Company, and made certain suggestions as to the
mauTu^r of keeping them in future, which he expressed his
willingness to do. His accounts are correct.

I forward the report of the Secretary of State for the year
ISOn, showing the expenditure on account of the various
Indian tribes, and the state of the funds of each, and giving
full iuformation on these points.

1/ [

Visitation of Indians.

On this subject I received the following statements from
the Missionaries : —

The Eev. Canon Nellea states — " When I have not had an
"assistant, it has been my invariable rule, besides Sunday, to
" spend two days (Tuesday aud Friday) every week in visiting
" India!> families on the Eeserve."

The Eev. Mr. Elliot writes — "I am in constant communt-
" cation with the Indians here, visit them very I'requently at

(1.

[1870.

1870.]

APPENDIX VII.

315

] giving

" tlioir dwellings, and often travel ten or twelve miles for that
"purpose."

The Rev. Mr. Roberts states — " My rule was to visit four
"days each week, two days in company with the Interpreter,
" and two days alone. I have always kept a book in which to
"note down visits made, and remarks, if any."

I have now to refer to tlie accompanying petitions and
applications, which were handed me for the consideration of
the Company.

No. 1 is an application from Mr. Grif^th, the teacher and
catechist of the boys' department at the Iv^ohawk Institution,
with the Rev. Canon Nelles' recommendation thereon, praying
for an increase to his salary, or that a small annuity may be
granted to him, and he be allowed to retire. Mr. Griffith is
still competent to perform the duties he has hitherto done;
and, under the circumstances of his case, I recommend for the
present that his salary be increased to sixty-five pounds (£(55)
sterling per annum, instead of £50, which 1 believe he now
receives;.

No. 2. Application of the Rev. John Jacobs, of Kettle Point
Mission, for an addition to his salary. The liev. Mr. Nelles
informs me that Mr. Jacobs is the Assistant to the Rev. E. F.
AVilson, of Sarnia. Both are paid by the Church Missionary
Society of England. He receives four hundred dollars (<^400)
from tiiat Society, and one hundred dollars (SlOO) from the
Diocesan Church Society of Ontario.

He was stationed at Kettle Point, which is about twenty-
five miles from Sarnia, on Lake Huron, but has lately beeu
removed to the Sarnia Settlement, where Mr. Nelles believes
there are between three and four hundred Indians, divided
between the Church of England and the Methodists. Jacobs
is an Ojibbeway Indian, was educated at Huron College,
partly at the expense of the New England Company. As
Mr. Jacobs now receives a salary from the two societies
referred to, I am not inclined to recommend the Company to
interfere in his case. If his salary is not sufficient for the
services ' performed an application to these societies would
doubtless bo favourably viewed.

340

APPKNDIX VII,

[1870.

No. 3. Application of Mr. John Jacobs, solicitinp; aid from
tlio Company to ( iiahio his sister to compU'to her education.

No. 4. Application of Kev. JNlr. Klliot on behalf of Miss
Charlotte Sinitli, for aid to assist her in paying her expenses at
the Ladies' College at Ih-Umutli.

AV^ith regard to the two last applications, Nos. '^ and 4, and
the system adopted by the Company of contributing to the
8U[)erior education of young Indians at colleges, I have to
reconnnend, if the Company deiide to conlinue to nfTord aid
for this object outside its own Institution, that it would bo
productive of greater results, and be attended with much less
dillicult',-, if the (-ompany would i.'stabli.^li, say live Scholarships
of Fifty Pounds sterling each, to continue for a period of two
years; the appointment to such Scholarship to depend on pro-
ficiency and good conduct, after a competitive examination
among the applicants, in case of a vacancy.

The college to which such Scholarships should apply, to bo
selected after further iiKjuiry as to which would bo the beat
adapted to the wants of the Indian youth.

It is probable that some of the colleges, if application were
made to the governors or controlling body, might be induced
to admit Indian students at a reduced charge, where thus
selected and sent by the New England Company.

I, liowever, fully concur in the opinion expressed by the
Connnittee of Indian AlVairs, "that their own schools and
" Institution ought to be rendered so efficient that no recourse
" to these colleges should be necessary, unless as a reward for
" very conspicuous ability and go ^ conduct,"

1 would reconnnend that a Su^ rior teacher or professor bo
employed in addition to the present teachers at the Mohawk
Institution, to take charge of the most advanced pupils, and, if
the means of the Company required it, that a portion of its
funds, now contributed to Indian children sent to the colleges,
should be applied to pay the salary of such professor. ] am
satisfied that by this arrangement a sufiiciently good education
VNOuld be imparted to the Indian youth for all ordinary pur-
poses of life, and enable such of them as were desirous of
becoming teachers to enter the Normal and ]Model Schools at
Torojito.

[1870.

1870.]

AFPENDIX Vn

347

aid from
^iitioii.
of Misa
punaea at

1(1 4, ami
g to tlio
have to
iflbrd aid
would bo
iiucli leas
lolarships

3(1 of two

d oil pro-
iii)iiiati<m

ply, to be
the best

iioii wore
e induced
lere thus

(l by the
hoola and
3 recourse
•eward for

ofessor be
^ Mohawk
ila, and, if
tion of ita
c colleges,
ior. ] am
education
inary pur-
esirous of
Schools at

No. 5. Petition of John Garlow, for aclf and fifteen other
heads of Indian faniiliea, praying that a school may be esta-
blished in their district.

The projjOHed site for the school-house is about four miles
from the selinol at the Council House, and an equal distance
from that of Mrs. Powless, and about two and three-quarters of
n mile from Mrs. Beaver's school. This is the only large dis-
trict withnut a school, and if one could be established there,
it would C()in|)lete the school accununodation on the RcscrNe,
at least tor some time to come. Should the Company deter-
mine to grant the jjriiycr of this petition, I tliink it should
altach the condition that the people of the district should [iro-
vide a suitable school-house.

I have considered tli(> application of the Committee of the
Tuscarora Baptist Cliurcl), near the Indian Council House,
and had an interview \\ith some of the Indians belonging to
that church. The building in which service is performed by
l\Ir. Jose[)h Loiiiijlish, whose congregation consists of about
9i.\ty Indians, re(]nires rejiairs, and a small grant will be of
great service to them. But, as the Company pay the teacher
of the day-school in the immediate vicinity, and have made a
grant towards the new schocd-house, which is open to the
children of all denominations, I do not think the Company
should be called on to su[)port the Sunday-school.

No. G. A])plicalion of James Jameson for aid towards a
school near Tuscarora Church.

I cannot recommend this application to the favourable con-
sideration of the Company. Mrs. Powless's school, which is
maintained by the Company, is on the opposite bank of the
river, and on all ordinary occasions accessible to the children
of Tuscarora, who must be i'cw in number, as there are oulv six
Indian families now residing on the east bank of the Grand
lliver.

CONCLUSIOX.

In referring to the unfortunate' dillcrenccs which exist be-
tween the parties employed by the Company to carry oui its
benevolent objects — in civilizing and convcil'ng to Christiajiily

318

APFKNOIX VII.

[1870.

the Six Nations Indians at Grand River — and to the conflict
of opinion which has arisen between the recipients of its liberal
grants, I am ha[)|)ily relieved from the disagreeable necessity
of entering into minute details of those untoward circum-
stances, as the Company has re([uested me to proceed to
Engliind, in order to explain more fully than can well be
done in a formal report the state of its aftairs in that distant
quarter.

I may briefly state that, after a patient and, I trust, un-
biassed iiKjuiry into the various subjects submitted for my
consideration, I have arrived at the conclusion that it is expe-
dient for the Company to make a change in its arrangeinenta
at Grand River.

The Rev. Mr. Roberts is a zealous, iutelligeut, and laborious
missionary, and takes a deep interest in the spiritual and tem-
poral welfare of the Indians. He has devoted much time and
attention to the improvement of the day-schools on the Reserve,
and has made many valuable suggestions regarding them, some
of which I have adopted in this Report. It is therefore to be
regretted that there should exist such a decided opposition,
among a large number of the congregration belonging to the
Kanyeageh Mission, to his being a])pointed the INIissionary.
It is true he has many warm supporters, who are desirous tliat
he should continue to be tlieir pastor, and who as^jcrt that
many will leave the church should another be appointed.

On the other hand, those who oppose his a})pointment are
equally earnest in their objection to him. In fact, the division
in the congregation has assumed such a partisan character
that it must efi'ectually destroy his usefulness ; and the con-
test has become so personal, I consider it would be desirable
for Mr. Roberts' owu peace and comfort that he should ex-
change missions with some other of the Company's mis-
sionaries.

At all events, I am decidedly of opinion that the benevolent
intentions of the Company will be frustrated unless some such
change is adopted, and in no other way can the existing diffi-
culties be reconciled. ^ regret to add that many of the chiefs
ou the reserve still manifest a strong feeling against Mr.

[1870.

e conflict
its liberal
necessity
I circuni-
'oceed to
I well be
[it distant

;rust, un-
1 for my
t is expe-
ngemcnta

laborious
and tein-
tiine and
) Eeserve,
lein, some
fore to be
pposition,
ng to the
[issionary.
lirous tliat
siiert that
ted.

tineut are
le division
character
[ the con-
desirable
should ex-
.ny's mia-

aenevolent
some such
jting difli-
the chiefs
raiust Mr.

1870.]

APPKNDIX VII.

349

Eoberts, in consequence of certain oxpreasiona made by him,
and printed in the Company's Report for 18(iS.

The chiefs also imagined that ISFr. Roberts was instrumental
in obtaining the passage of Mr. Langevin's Act relating to the
Indians, to the provisions of which thry are very much opposed.
These misrepresentations are most unjust and unfair to Mr.
Eoberts; still they have left a deep inipresaion on the minds
of the chiefs, notwithstanding frequent explanationn.

The plans of the Company's laiuls in the vicinity of Brant-
ford, sent to me by Mr. Heywood, were so imperfect, I deemed
it desirable to employ I\Ir. Eobinson, the provincial land sur-
veyor, to make the requisite j-iirvey and prepare a correct plan
of all the lots as far as the Oneida Mission School iut, for the
use of the Company.

I have coloured with red ink, on the Rev. Mr. Roberts' map
of the Indian Reserve sent to me, the position and quantities
of the lots belonging to the Company; defined the proposed
boundary between the missions of Tuscarora and Kanyeageh,
and marked the limits of New Credit.

I have now to bring my repoi-t to a close, in the hope, im-
perfect as it is, that it may aid the New England Company in
carrying out the benevolent trusts f)laced iu its hands.

A. E. BoTSfoni),

Commissioner.
October 27th, 1870.

Letter from Mr. T'ommissioner Botsford to the Hon. JosErii

Howe.

Bbantfoed, Ontario,

Septemfjer 30th, 1870.
Dear Sir, — For the last ten days I have been making in-
quiries on behalf of tlie New England Company, London, as to
their expenditure for the benefit of the Six Nations Indians on
the Tuscarora Reserve, near Brantford, and have had a good
opportunity of observing the state of the roads through that
reserve. I believe it would be greatly to the interests of the
Indians who reside there that a portion of the interest money

;m a

350

AI'I'ENDIX VII.

[1870.

of tlio Iiidiiin fund should be appniprinted to iniproviiij? tlicso
roads, and vi'iituro to dUggcHt to you tlioexpediuiicy of" obtain-
ing an ordor to iiutborizo an expenditure for tlmt ))urpose. I
have bf'en forcibly inipresatd with the rapid destruction of the
wood which is constantly taking place on the reserve in con-
sequence of the Indians being permitted to sell the wood on
their occupations to the whites for a few cents per cord, which
in a short time would be worth as many shillings.

If it be the policy of iht; Dominion Government to retain
the Indians on these land.-*, it seenis to me absolutely necessary
that the Department for Indian Affairs should prohibit tho
Indians froni selling any wood to white people from their
occupations, and in order to carry out such a regulation the
ofllcers of the department should be armed with authority to
seize and sell any wood that may bo cut on the reserve in
violation of sucli order. It may be that llu! Act relating to
Indian lands may recjuire anienilmeut for thai purpose. It is
quite certain that if the sjxdiation which is now going on is
permitted to continue, the majority of the Indians will soon be
w ithout fire-wood and timber for their buildings, and conse-
quently be forced to leave the reserve.

1 have been in communication with your efficient visiting
sujx'ri'itendent and commissioner, J. T. (jrilkisiou, Eyq., and ho
fully concurs with me in these views.

Notice to Tenant.
Miis. Joseph Fink,

Town.slilp of Glaiidfunl, Ontario.
Madam, — On behalf of the Is'ew England Company, of
London, I hereby give you notice to deliver np j)ost;ession to
the llev. Canon Nelles that ])ortion of the Company's one-
huudred-acre .school lot situate at Onondaga, which your late
husband, Joseph Fink, paid rent for to the Company's tenant,
John S. Kingston, containing 2^ acres, more or less. Dated
this 17th day of October, a.d. Ib70.

(Signed) A. E. Botsfoud,

Co mmis doner of New Eni/hmd Compani/.

[1870.

1870.]

AIMMCNDIX VII.

351

Notice to another Tenant.

nth October , 1870.
Mil. John S. Kingston.

Sir,— 1 mentioned to you, when I saw you at Onondaga,
that the New England Company would j'xpcet an increased
rent for tlieir 100-acre lot, after the ex')iration of the addi-
tional three years which the llev. Caiion jVelles agreed to
extend your lease to.

I write this notice to you, to prevent you from getting into
difiiculty by sub-letting the lot to any other party lor a longer
term than your lease Avould authorize.

Yours,

A. E. BOTSFOIID,

Commmioner of New Entjland Company.

it is

352

APPENDIX VIII.

The Uiiilcil Stnto8 Consul at Fort Eric, in April I SCO, and
shortly aftorwarcls hol(lin<i; that ollico at Hamilton, Ontario,
was, at the request of the Coniinittee of the House of Kepre-
sentatives on Indian Affairs, instructed to inquire into and
report upon the treatment of the Indians within the Dominion
of Canada, their jjresent condition and the means euiployed to
bring them into habits of civilization. The Consul's report is
dated from Hamilton, the Gth January 1870. Almost the
whole of it will be found of great interest to the Members of
the New England Company ; a few co])ies have been obtained
from Washington and may be seen at the office of tho
Company, No. 1, Furnival's Inn. It may be sufficient
here to extract tho following account of the Mohawk In-
stitution : —

About a mile from the town of Brantford we reached tho
Indian school-house, established by the New England Society.
It is a plain, substantial three-storey building of brick, plea-
santly situated on a farm comprising two hundred acres of
fertile land. At the time of my visit the number of children
in attendance, including both se.ves, was eighty-two. They
are taught, fed, and clotlied at the expense of the society.
None are admitted before the age of ten. The writing of
several was very good, and their examinations in spelling were
highly creditable. There is no attempt to confer more than a
plain English education, but provision is made for consecutive
advancements to higher schools, if tho proficiency attained
seems to justify them. The farmer of the establishment
carefully instructs the boys in the work of the fa.'m at all
seasons of the year, taking a limited number with him into
the fields and barns on all suitable occasions, and allotting
specific work to each of them, subject to his inspection.

l8fi:>-70.]

APPENDIX VIII.

'A:,:i

I SCO, nnd
Ontario,

»f liepre-
into and

Dominion

ployed to
report is

moat the

(HlbcTH of

obtained
) of the

aufiicient
iiiwk In-

iched the
1 Society,
ick, plea-
l acres of
r children
70. They
B society,
vriting of
lliug were
re than a
)U8ecutive
attained
blishment
.•m at all
him into
1 allotting
on.

1 ri'grcttod that horticultural instructions were not aildcd
to those of the resident farmer. At an expense almost
nominal a few ornamental trees, shrubs, and plants would
increase the attractions of the temporary home and its
lessons to the young Indians; and by adding a nursery
garden the children could also bo instructed in the art of
sowing, rearing, budding, and grafting tl.o fruit-trees adapted
to the climate. Much present and agreeable interest would
be excited, useful employment would be afforded, atul per-
manent and practical ideas of a beneficial kind would thus
be carried to many Indian homes, and secure material and
profitable results, while the productions of the garden and
nursery would nearly or quite defray the expense of the un-
dertaking.

In addition to the connnon branches of education the girls
are instructed in the ordinary household work of the farm,
including spinning, and sewing by hand and on the machine.

It was found impossible to secure attendance sutliciently
regular without boarding the children in the establishment.
The parents of many reside at considerable distances from
it. It is unquestionable that the influence e.xerted by the
school has had a very beneficial influence on the farm and
homes of these Indians.

In this school two or three of the children were undis-
tinguishable from whites, and many were evidently of mixed
blood. I inquired from their teacher, who was a man of
experience in other schools, whether, in receiving instruc-
tion, there was any appreciable difference between the children
of the two races. He thought that of the two, the Indians
were the quickest.

Here no attempt is now made to teach the mechanical
arts, although at one time this was done. The project was
not abandoned because the Indian youths manifested an
iusuflicieut aptitude for such acquirements ; they preferred
the if dependent life of farmers to that of confined and sys-
tematic mechanics.

2 A

PBINTED BY

■l.WI.OK AM' lU.. l.rni.K QCKKN SlUllT.
I.INCOI.N'h INN Fli:i.l'S, I.'t.vliON.