#. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIIM ^^^ m iJl m »40 II 20 1 1.8 1.4 1.6 Va ^ /a ^////y .% ...V ^.^ ^,^- v^* •* ^#^. />< y >^ Photographic Sciences Corporation ^ 4 \ ;\ V \ 4 ^^^ 6^ <3 'n. V <^ 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtein the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/cu pelliculAe Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coloured inic (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ n Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autrbs documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmies. Additional comments:/ Corimentaires supplimentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilieur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6tA possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibiiographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ □ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/oi Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxe( Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of pri*^ Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du materiel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ I I Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r~7\ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ r~~| Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t^ filmies A nouveau de fa9on d obtenir la meiiieure image possible. This item 's filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessout. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X 16X 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X n 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce ^ la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other origin; I copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont film6s en comment ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^- (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -—^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds 6 des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PHRENOLOOY AS A SCIENCE A LECTURE BY PROF. WILLIAM SEYMOUR, Phrenologist i and t Psychologist. \ IN *! Shaftesbury Hall. # * * TORONTO, ONT. JULY 1888. \ W. Seymour &. Son., Printers. \ V M * •§^1 >i ^%i^.-<' >^ ^^ ,■% i*"^}'' '-',^T>.,-*rt .'■■ r:•f1}f■ 'y■J,'&'' ■Sll^l ,»o ~ < jf 1^ "> - ;»jr*^— r— — ^ 1, -m //^^ J . ^ ^ /j: .e^J^yt^ J Ol?' PROFESSOR WM. SEYMOUR Phrenologist and Psychologist XOl^ONXO, ONT. PhrenologY AS A SCIENCE A LECTURE DELIVERED BY PROFESSOR WM. SEYMOUR Phrenologist and Psychologist IN Shaftesbury Hall. TOI^OX^TO, ONT. JULY 1888. IMIRKNOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. PhrenologY AS A SCIENCE A LECTURE BY PROF. WM. SEYMOUR. Tt is not unfrcquently that the Thrcnolo-ist is met I with the assertion (from the would-be wise) that phrcnolocjv is not a rccoi^nized science. Amon^ the reasons assigned by the opponents o Phrenolo-v are " first, that the medical fraternity denied it upon the oround of anatomy." Second, "that no two of its professors deliniated character exactly alike, Third " that vou cannot determine the greatness ot a man by the size of his head " : and fourth " that there are no such bumps on a man's head as phrenologists describe." Before attempting to explain away the above objections— which are often raised against the science of phrenology by those who have never given it even a passing thought— allow me to say that the science of phrenology is not one that can be under- stood in all its higher departments and profoundest depths by anyone who is content to simp y get pos- session of its prenological terms and the alotted loca- tion of what may be termed the phrenological organs It is a science which requires as much depth ot thought and ardent, protracted study, as that ot as- i'llRKNOLOGV AS A SCIKNCK. tHMiomv, ijcdIoha', chciTiistn* or a!i\' of tlic other brandies of science known to the mind of man ; and is as firnily established upon the i:..iiiutal)iHt\' of natures laws. '1 he truths ot the science of phrenoKvjiy ha\'e been arrived at b\' ])ractical observation and com- parison of tlie shapes of skulls, the development, struc turc and tiuality (jf ner\e tibrc in the brain, thetlifferent temperaments, disp(>sitions of mind and similarity of conduct in tliose similarl)' or^^ani'/ed, as well as their natural tendencies touood ore\il. The carlv students ol this science undoul:)tedl\' have made some mistakes in their conclusion as to the cause of the phenomena V hich the)' observed -as has been the case with all founders of science- but the s^cneral i:)rinciples wliich were established b\' (lall, Spur'/heim, Coombe, the Fowlers and others remain unshaken by all the at- tacks of the would-be wise or pretended scientists, who. throuL^h the fear of their o\v n pet theories, have attemptetl its overthrow. And, notwithstandinf^ the fact that there are many pretended prenolo^ists in the fie'd. attemptinL,^ to make a livini^ by their wits, re- i^ardless of its true merits or the disrepute into which the\' oft-times drai; the science, we think it not only bids fair to stand side bv side with the other sciences of the aL,^e, but is destined to become the leading brance in future pro<;ress. Xo other branch of science bears equal importance to th ^ welfare of mankind as phrenolog}-. Its principles reach down to the lowest depths of human depravity' rise higher than the sublimest heights of man's imagination has ever soared ; exte.id as broad as the universe, and are as vast as cternitv itself. Its office is not only to detect the errors of think- ing, but also to direct into the proper tract of reason- ing, the most devious minds of men : by pointing out the defects of its instrumentality in the diversity of parts. i I'llRKXOLOGV AS A S(II<:.\(1- her ind of )in- ruc cnt of ic li- nts \t.'S tna all I In cnminpj inorc fully to the subject of plircn- ()lc)|4\- bcini; a science, aiul to show that llic objections raised ai^ain-t it are but the result .-f a want of ])roper investiL^ation, or f»r fear of its trutlis upsettit'14 the jxipular notions of t.ie aL;e, I inii^ht remark in the fust place, and in answer to the first oj^position that there is not one sinL'le claim accej)ted b\' th.e j^rotlcicnt phrenoloj^ist to-da>' which comes in contact witli anat- om\'. 1 know that the supjjosition of the mas.'C> con- cerninir i)hrenol(^Lr\' is that the brain adheres soclosclv to the skull, that the dei)ressions which we son^etimes find on the skull are due to cert'iin corrc^pondini; de- pressions in the brain on the inside ; but such notioi s arc not the claims of phrcnolooiyts ; and as a -tudetit of anatomy I am satisfied thri .ucb a claim for plu\ n- o'. (TV will not bear the test ot scientifl- mvestiu.ition. The relation whicii the science of j^lirenoloL;}' bears to the anatom\' of the brain, lies in the fact that C( rtain portions of the brain arc allotted t-^- sj^ecial functi'^Mis of mind ; and that in proportion to the amount and quality of brain in certain locations in ♦"hie skuli, will be the measure of mental ability upon an\' {)a:ticL:lar subject that calls into action that paricular part of the brain. The elewations and depressions on the ^kull are broui^ht about by the electric force or action of the mind upon the brain on the one side, and aL,^ainst the skull on the other ; as the force of steam acts upon the water and at:jainst the plate of the boiler in which it is generated. Hence, although the anatomx' of the brain may not always determine a corresponding ele\ation or depression with that of the skull the depth and number of convulsions in the brain alwa\'s determines that there has been a corresponding force brought to bear that has deepened the convolusions as it has pro- jected the outer surface of the skull by a correspond- ing pressure on the inside. Hence, although the brain does not touch the skull— as the student in anatomy often declares, — it does not detract one iota from the truths of phrenology, whicb claims that the manifesta- 8 PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. tion ci" intellii^cnce can be determined by the location of the brain in certain parts of the skull. That the shape of the skull determines not only the location of the brain, but also the measure of intelligence on general principles, may be observed by the causual ob- server as he compares the head of an idiot with that of an intelligent person.To the student of physiogno- mical signs these general outlines may be more tech- nically observed ; and upon thi^ principle the science of phrenology has been established. Dr. Gall, a cele- brated physician and anatomist who is credited as be- ing one of the founders of Lhe science of phrenology, commenced his investigations and the collection of facts in the principles of this science, by the first ob- serving the uniform connection between the memory and expression of words and the prominence of the eyes. From this he was led to look for other signs of intellect in other portions of the head ; and when he found different persons w^ho were noted for any one particular trait of character, he took casts of their heads; and comparing these casts he found a corresponding development in certain parts of the skull. Hence t'> this particular part of the skull he attributed the organ or faculty of mind which led to such results or disposition of character. And from the fact that there was, and is, a correspondence between the develop- ment of the skull in different parts, and the dispositions and natural abilites of those who possessed it, it was natural at first, to conclude that the brain projected the skull by close adherence ; hence the theory arose from natural, if not scientific conclusions ; which is no more strange, and should no more be brought forth as an objection to the present develop- ment of the science than the natural conclusions of our forefathers, who, observing that men and things adhered to the surface of the earth, determined it to be I PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. an aj^tronomical fact " that the earth was flat." There are a great many " flats ' who believe it yet, notwith- standing the advancement of the science of astronomy has proven the world to be round ; and that every- thing is held to it by a subtle force we call '* attraction." But, although the false systems of philosophy concerning every branch of science, are ever melting belore the fires of a scientific investigation, and loosing their hold upon the thoughtful mind, the gems of truth are only made brighter by the flames ; and every fact which is gathered shines forth like a brilliant star to illuminate our pathway and lead us on to broader fields of usefulness and knowledge. This is true of phrenology as it is of every other science. And, although the theories of the fijst promulgators of phrenology have been somewhat erroneous, the facts which have been gathered claim adherence by every thoughtful mind ; and the more closely we investigate its principles the more fully shall we comprehend its truths and ap- preciate its importance. It is a fact, which every student o( nature may observe, that a persen wide be- tween the ears, high on the back part of the top head, with the back head rounded out somewhat like the nd ot a coccanut, has a gicat deal ol Icrce of character and executive ability. But, although this is true it does not always determine that his executive ability is regulated by a good degree of judgment. Oft-times his zeal and energy is a curse rather than a blessing ; both to himself and those around him. Hence, it is decessary that we learn something more about the de- velopment of the brain than the fact that executive- ne.ss and energy of character depends upon the devel- opment of those parts of the head which we have de- scribed. If we would know the reason why of things we may learn that a good degree of judgment, reason and perception is to be determined by the de- J 10 PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. velopment o( the head in front of the ears ; as seen in fig. I, in cut on next page. And that where the head recedes back from the for- ehead as in fig 5, there is a lack of judgment. The de- grees of intelligence may be determined by the propor- tionate developments between these two extremes fig. 2, 3, and 4. As we have said before, these outlines of phrenology are readily to be observed by every thoughtful mind ; and from the fact that the force of character, reason and judgment, each require a phjral- ity of faculties to serve their purpose, it follows that the seat of reason, judgment or force of character as a whole, must contain every variety of sentiment and consequently an equal variety of instrumentality through which these sentiments are manifested. And in proportion to the deficiency or development in certain parts of these groups of faculties which go to make up judgment, reason, etc., will be the strength or weakness of the individual character as a whole. A man of reason may have a great deal of Cau,sality so that he can reason from cause to effect, and logical- infer the merits or demerits of almost any and every subject ; but if eventually is deficient he will be at a loss to remember the fact - and incidents ; hence a great deal that may be valuable to him in history bear- ing upon the same subject will be lost, and conse- quently his argumentive powers will be somewhat limited for want of data. If Ideality is deficient then there will be a lack of originality. If Comparison is small then there will be a deficiency in the ability to compare similarities and dissimilarities. So to with the Perceptives ; if individuality is small the indi- vidual will fail to reco.L!;nize the little things, whether it be in business, mechanics, literature or science. If form is small there will be a forgetfulness of figure or contour. If Size is small there will be but little oer- -4 4 ^j^j^gaaiiMiiMM PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. 11 -cn in ;*opor- ception of the relative size or magnitude of objects. 1 1 Color is small there will be but little perception or appreciation of the finer shades or harmonious blend- ings of color. Such persons will care but little for the beauties of nature or art. The blushing rose and the snowy lily ; the violet and the sun-flower, will receive the same appreciation except that the magnitude of the larter,( where there may be a larger development of Size) should call forth an extra amount of admiration. And what is true of judgment, reason and the percep- tives is also true of the executives. An individual may have a great deal of Combativeness which is ever ready to resent an insult or to oppose a principle but if Executiveness is small there will be a shrinking back when the resentment is met. If Sccretiveness is small there will be a lack of proper reserve. If Ac- quisitiveness is small there will be a liability to waste, etc. ?rii^ vi M^€^ I 1 2 3 4 5 Thus to, with all the various faculties in the dif- ferent groups, and in proportion to this diversity of disposition in different individuals there is a corres- 12 PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIEN'CE. ponding diversity in the contour of the skull, and with- out having to give the reason why these developments or the lack of them do occur, the fact that there is a uniform correspondence between the shape of the skull and the disposition of the mind, which may be observed wherever and whenever a practical compari- son is made. It proves that a system stating these comparisons and calculatijig results bearing upon them, not only deserves to be called a science, but from its relation to the happiness or misery of man- kind, it must be considered the most important of all sciences. If phrenology is true, (and as a science it can not fail to be so) to ignore its principles, or to neglect its precepts is to render ourselves guilty of sin. For if the principles inculcated and the precepts given in the science of phrenology were fully understood and uni- ve''sally acted upon, parents might better understand the natural tendencies and dispositions of their child- ren, and applying them in early life to their proper sphere of usefulness, as well as cultivating their weak points and restraining those that are too strongly de- veloped, they could secure the welfare of their child- ren and their own peace of mind. But where such results are ro be accomplished it is not enough that either the rather or the mother alone should become interested in the science, and endeavor to carry out its principles ; but there must be a concentration of effort between husband and wife ; each should endeavor to instill upon the minds of their children the importance of a knowledge of themselves, and the fact that by ap- plication they can develop their weak points and re- strain the strong, until temptations loose their power,- and every thought of- the head, every desire of the heart, every act of their lives become tempered with righteousness, truth and justice. i 4 PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. 13 Now let us consider the Second objection raised by the opponents of phrenology : — *' That no two of its Professors delineate character exactly alike." Mere too the student of nature may readily observe the ig- norance of the opponent as to the principles of phren- ology. True that if size only, is the measure of power and the shape of the s't give the subject a great deal of thought and investigation. But to the careful student, time and experience will unfold the truths herein shown forth. And the prac- tical delineators of character, (who have devoted years of study to the subject) by the the knowledge they have gained, can portray the capabilities and liabilities of the persons whom they examine so accurately, that if acted upon, it may save them from falling victims to temptations as well as help them to succeed in life. And if there should be a discrepancy between some of the pretended delineators, it is due to the want of knowledge, and not to the lack of science. Turning from the organ of Amativeness in the Domestic Group, to that of Conscientousness in the f * m I'lIRKNOLOGV AS A SCIENCE. 'arge fee is ofif- )nju- [ively re less hiie wel- rgan- »eave 'hose limal tlV'C- mere up- 'n the as fly have lered It to give tion. wilj •rac- ears hey ties hat ms ife. me of he he I moral ; \vc may again perceive wiicrcin there may be a discrepancy between different delineators. The legitimate function of Conscientiousness is, a sense of justice ; a desire for the right ; a love of truth, Combining with large Hencvolencc, large Spirituality and Veneration with only moderate or small domestic propensities, it is liable to render a person very re- ligious and to impart to the individual a desire to be- come a Missionary. With smaller Veneration and Spirituality, but with large Benevolence and Human- Nature combining with a good development of the domestic propensities ; a person is likely to be sceptical in religious matters, yet will be careful for the truth : a true citizen and a great philanthropist. Persons with large Conscientiousness, and large Acquisitive- ness, combining \\ith large Benevolence, Human- Nature and approbation, and smaller domestic pro- pensities, will be very close in making bargains ; buy cheap and sell at the highest price; and if by any means a Jortiiuc can be obtained, instead of leaving it to their immediate family, will be likely to bestow their gifts to some charitable institution that has a wider in- fluence than that of the domestic circle. If Approba- tion, Veneration and Spirituality are large, they will be likely to give liberally to religious causes ; yet will grind the poor, procure the cheapest labor, monopolize the avenues of commerce, and in all the practical re- lations of life, render themselves thoroughly unjust to their fellowmen. Yet in all these things they are act- mg from the impulses of a consciousness of right. Others with large Conscientiousness and Acquisitive- ness combining with large domestic propensities and smaller Veneration, Spirituality and Approbation, will be found to be very close in their business relations, care but little for charitable institutions, or for the cause of Christ : yet are very generous in their homes i8 nrRi^:NOLC)(;v as a scikxck. and among their friends ; delii^ht to entertain com- pany ; and outside ot'business relations, are ever ready to take an interest in the social improvements (A the community in uhicli they may reside. That these diversities of character exist in differ- ent individuals no nitellit^fent observer will attempt to deny. And without a knowlede^e (>( the science of phrenolot^y there can be no definite understanding^ of the reasons why. Jkit from the intluence which we have shown the combination of faculties bear upon character, the reader can readily see that to determine character correctly a i^reat deal of stud}' and care is required on the partof the delineators ; without which there will be a great discrepanc)' in determiniuL; char- acter, even though the different delineators ma\' come to the same conclusion as to the size of the organs. l^ut again we say though there may be a great (liver- sity in the determination of character it no more dis- proves the truth of phrenology as a science, than the diversities which exists among physicians should dis- prove the science of chemistry or physiology. Neither disproves the science, but rather the lack of know- ledge of its professors. But we think sufficient has been said under this head to prove that the objection is hardly a fair one ; or one that bears no more weight against phrenology as a science, than it does against any other science that has been, or is c.-tablishod. The next objection raised against phrenology as a science is : ness of a man by the size of his head.' No one who understands the claims of phrenology to-day attempts to determine the natural abilities of the individual by simply ascertaining the measure of the skull. The claims of phrenology arc, as in every- thing else, " that size is the measure of power, only, That you cannot determine the great- 7 lMIRIu\(MX)(i\' AS A SCIImNCE. »9 when other thini;s are ecjiial ; " hence the density and (jualit)' of nerve fibre must be considered, as well as the size of the brain and the location of the faculties, or there will Vje serious mistakes made by thdsc who ^\ould make a pretention to delineating^ character. This is a fact which must be observed in all the scientific and mechanical operations of mankind, as well as a unixersal law of Nature. The destin)' and quality of Wood, Stone, Iron and Steel must be observc^d by cver\ skillful mechanic in building bridL^es, erectinL]^ edifices, or constructini; machinery ; and upon the quality of the material, more than upon its size will depend the streuL^th of that which has been established. This is true of the in- struinent of mind as it is in all other forms of matter. Hence, two persons, each havini; a head which mea- sures 22 inches in circumference ; yet one bcinij of the Mental Temperament with a fine sensitive nature, small bones and delicatel)' ort^anized ; the other be- ini^of the Motive Temperament with stront;' bone< and dense muscles will be less susccptable to impressions, will be likely to have less brains (because of the thick- ness of the skull participating,^ in the i^eneral make up of the physical frame (and the brain w ill be more ob- tuse. Hence there will be a vast difference in the in- tellectual development and natural abilities of the two individuals although their heads may m.easurc the same on the surface. The student of phrenology takes these things in- to consideration and is not governed b\^ size alone ; hence the objection " that \'ou caimot determine the natural abilities of an indiviuual b}' the size of the head " does not interfere with the truth of phrenology as a science, because it is a fact which phrenology claims ; that oft-times there is more intelligence in the small heads than in the large ones, but this is to be > I 20 IMIRKXOLOGV AS A SCII'.NCl-:. determined by an understandinij of the Temperaments and the Organic OuaIit\-. The next objection is : "That there are no such bumps on the head as phrenoloi^ists describes/" I ierc we would reinark that bumpolo<,fy has had its day, and no competent phrenologist to-day is look- ing for bumps. In delineatinGj character the phren- oloL^ist is governed by the distance from centre to cir- cumference. If \'ou will draw a line through the head from the centre of one Ear to the (jther, half way through the head \'ou reach the front part of what is termed the Medulla-Oblongata, which we re- gard as the centre or starting point to determine the .size of the Organs. Hv the distance from the Medu'la- Oblongata to the surface of any part of the skull we determine the size of the faculties said to be located underneath. And though there ma)' or may not be bum])s, the size of faculties ma}' thus be equal!)' de- termined. fF'f^^^m^m^tfllimm^F^^ \ ^^mmmifmmm''^iii'^mmmm