C!HM Microfiche Series (■Monographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibllographlcally unique, which may alter any of the Images In the reproduction, or wlilch may significantly change the usual method of filming are checl(ed below. □ Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur D D □ D Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^ Covers: restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaurto et/ou pellicula Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couleur □ Coloured ini( (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur □ Bound with other material / Reli6 avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure sen^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion te long de la marge int^rieure. Blanl( leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es tors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6\6 filmdes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le nrwilleur exemplaire qu'll lui a 6X6 possible de se procurer. Les d^Hs de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibil- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une niodlflcation dans la m6Vtn- de normale de filmage sont indiqute cl-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endomnrugtes D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurtes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages dteolortos. tachet^es ou piques I I Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es [v/| Showthrough/ Transparence U D D Quality of print varies / Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the t}est possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 fiimtes k nouveau de fagon k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont film6es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. D This itwn !• filmed at th« reduction ratio elMcind boiow / Co documont Mt fiimA au taux da rMuction indiqu* ci-daaaoua. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x V 12x 16x 24x 28X 32x Tlw copy filmad hara has bMn r«produc«d thanks to th* ganarMity of: Library AgrieMltHrt Caiwda Tha imaflas appaaring hara ara tha baat quality posalbia considarina tha condition and lagibillty of tha original ec:>y and in itaaping whh tha filming contract spaciflcations. Original capias in printad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and andlng on tha last pab.i with a printad or illustratad impraa- sion, or tha bacic covar whan appropriata. All othtr original eopias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad Impraa- sion. and andlng on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraasion. Tha last raeordad frama on aach microflcha shall contain tha symbol -^- Imaaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. Maps, platas, charts, ate., may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too iarga to ba antiraly included in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar iaft hand comar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: 1 I 1 4 I ^ L'axMnplair* film* fut raproduit griM i la BibliotMqtM AflrieuHurt Canada Lm ImagM sulvantaa ont 4t* raproduitaa avac la plua grand aoln, eompta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da I'axamplaira fili..i, at w conformiti avac iaa conditiona du contrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprimte aont filmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darnMra paga qui eomporta una amprainta d'Impraaaion ou dllluatration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Toua las autras axamplairaa originaux sont fiimte an commandant par la pramlira paga qui eomporta una amprainta d'imprasaion ou d'illuatratlon at an tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui eomporta una talla amprainta. Un das symbolas suivants apparaltra sur la damMra imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbola — »• signifia "A 8UIVRE", la symbols Y signifia "FIN". Las cartaa. planchas, tableaux, ate. pauvant Atra fllmte * das taux da rMuction diff«rants. Lorsqua la document est trop grand pour ttra reproduit en un seul clich«. ii est film* * partir da !'angla supAsieur gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en bas, an prenant la nombre d'Imagas n«cessaira. Les diagrammas suivants iilustrant la m4thoda. 2 3 5 6 ••CIOCOFV RBOtUTION TUT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) ^ ^IPPUEDjVMGEjnc ^5 1653 Cost Main SIrrel ^S ("6) 2ea-59B9-Foii CANADA. DEPAaTMEITT OF AOBICXTXiTnBZ EHTOXOLOOICAI BRANCH. Arthur Oibson, Aotino Dominiok '^ .tomolocist. Crop Protection Leaflet No. 13. THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER.* (Pyrausta nuhUalis HbnJ The European Corn Borer has recently been discovered (August and September, 1920) in corn, both sweet and field, in the province of Ontario, particularly in certain counties bordering on Lake Erie. Up to the present time corn is the onlv crop in which the borer has been found. In the State of Massachusetts where the pest was first discovered, the following plants are also attacked: celery, bean, beet, spinach, potato, tomato, turnip, rhubarb, dahlia, crysanthemuni, gladiolus, etc. Nature or the Injury. All parts of corn which is the most favoured food plant are attacked, except the fibrous roots. The most serious damage is caused to the stalks and ears which are partially or totally destroyed. The borer generally enters the stalk at the upper end near the base of the tassel and at first tunnels upward. The damage so weakens the tassel stalk that it breaks over before the tassel matures, resulting in loss of pollen and normal fertilization of grain in the ears. After destroying the tassel the borers tunnel downwards through the stalk gradually increasing the size of their tunnels as • they develop Description- of the Borer. When mature the European Com Bor»r is about one inch long. It is of a light brownish or flesh colour, some specimens being darker than others. The head is dark bro- 1, the neck or thoracic shield paler brown, m are also the warts or tubercles on the body. This borer is closely allied to other species and usually an expert deter- mination is necessary. Habits. Judging from the habits of the insect in New York State, which is the neares. known infestation to Canada, there is only one annual generation of the borer in Ontario. The female moth lays its eggs in clusters on the leaves of the corn or other !)70.3— 1 cih"" WARNING THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER TMt »Ml MtodwCOM, MTATKt, MTt, FOMCR Mi hM rtMitly bMn hmi ia tiM iaili afcar* II is Mag (tmI 4wm|«, TKK B (UVE MMa IF 1W SEMn FOKM KIT m StatM MIMTIITOMNikDlL HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT .Holes in the stslks of the >ve mentioned plants with sawdiist-like material issu- ing from them indicate the presence of the borer or cater- pillar. In the case of coi broken tassels also 'how where the borer is at work. If the infested stems are j split open the caterpillars, will be found at work. IjThese are often found just above the roots. The insect spends the winter as a caterpillar in old stalks of com or other food plants and changes to a eddish-brown pupa late in the spring. The pupa soon turns into a mot Ml psrssas are argsaUi rs^asstsd to hasp a eoastsat iookoiit lor this ■lost daaf sroas pssl aad to rsport immsdiatsly all sasplcioas esses. lafsstsd pTsats tegsthsr aritk the Issocts thsmselvos shoaM bs ferwsrdsd to the DOHWIOR ERTOnOUWiST, DEPT. OF MMCULTURE. OTTAWIl. ORT. Packagas aador t«ol«o oaiicss ia weight may bo sent free of postsgs. host plant aud about ten dayi later the eggn hatch. The yoiuiK bnrerii are about >Mie- flfth of an inch Ionic, with a black heud and white body. They f<*d for a few dnyi upon the surface of the leaf and then miitrate to th«> n|i«-uiiiir turiitcl. bore >. hole in the atem and complete their caterpillar life within the plant. The borer .hnnKeH it* »kin five or »ix tinieit as it Rrow* and spend.'* the winter as a full nrnwn or nearly full irrown caterpillar within its tunnels. With the advent of warm weather the fi)ilowin« ■prinK the borer resumes feediuK but soon chnnites to the pupa or restinK staKc. The insect remains in this condition fur about two weeks, when the adult mothn emerRe. The illustratioo on the opposite pa(ic in a rcdui-ed copy of the "Warr.inn I'oKter" which was widely distributed during the xpriuK and summer of 1910 and 1920, before the borer was discovered in Ontario. It illustrates graphically the life-history of the infect and shows typical dumage to the cum plant. Means of Controu 1. Cut com stalks as close to the ground as possible, thus reducing the number of borers left in the stubble (sec illustratlun). The earlier ii the season the corn is cut the better. Some farmers this year are cutting the worst infested patches by hand with a sharpened, short-handled, hoe. With such a tool the stalks may be cut almost level with the ground. Ploughing under infested stubble will not kill the borers. Experiments have shown that they will work their way up through sixteen inches of soil. 2. Put corn fodder in the silo, or at least feed the stalks to stock. 3. Keep the fields free from weeds. The borers have already been found in smartweed, Iambs' quarters, ragweed, and certain thick-stemmed grasses and other weeds. 4. Burn or bury deeply iu the spring all infested corn stalks, cobs, waste, etc., after winter feeding of stock. - : nix with horse manure. There is not sufficient heat generated in cow manure '■ i 'le borers. 5. Burn over weedy . -ifested corn fields to destroy hibernating borers. Some Important Don'ts. Don't leave corn stalks standing in the fields all winter to be ploughed under in spring. Unused corn stalks should be burned in early spring. Don't throw old stalks, cobs, litter, etc., into the cow yard to be trampled on by cattle in the hope of destroying the borer. Don't spread the corn borer into new territory by shipping infested stalks, corn on the cob, or corn cobs, either for feod fur stock or packing purposes. Ottawa, September 24, 1920.