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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustretion et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants appa J Mk mmm HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF Bouquet's Expedition Against the Ohio Indians, IN 17 64. WITH PREFACE BY FRANCIS PARKMAN, Author of "Conspiracy of Pontiac" etc. AND A TRANSLATION OF DUMAS' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL BOUaUET. CINCINNATI, O. ROBERT CLARKE & CO. 1868. "■■« >?>■'" -fM ^ S66 OHIO VALLEY PRESS, BOSEBT OLABKB A CO. CINCINNATI, O. 1^ m^m^HKHim PUBLISHERS' A'OTICF. IN offering to our patrons the Account of General Bou- quet's Expedition against the Ohio Indians in 1764, as the first of the reprints of the Ohio Valley Historical Series, we may premise that we have been urged thereto by the rarity of the volume and its intrinsic value as an authentic and reliable narrative of one of the earliest British military expeditions into the Territory North- JVest of the Ohio River. This work was published at Philadelphia in 1765, reprinted at London the following year ; and an edition in French, by C. G. F. Dumas, was issued ai Amsterdam in 1769. Mr. Francis Parkman has kindly furnished us with a few prefatory words. The proper introduction, how- ever. VI Publishers' Notice. however, to this work, and indeed to all the fragmentary accounts of the later struggles of the white and Indian races in the Central West, is his " History of the Con- spiracy of Pontiac," of which this expedition was one of the results. We can not too earnestly recommend its perusal to our readers. His wonderfully clear and exact knowledge of Indian character, and its faithful portrayal in his introductory chapters, together with his minute accounts of their tribal divisions, their internal differences, their modes of warfare, the nature of their governments, and his general review of the " situation," can not fail to be of great service in attaining an intelligent understanding of the story of the Indian wars in the West, and the trials and hardships of the sturdy pioneers, whose bloody strug- gles and anxious labors laid the foundation of the present prosperity of this region. Mr. Parkman has also translated for us M. Dumas' biographical sketch of General Bouquet prefixed to the French edition. We regret that we are, at present, unable to give a more detailed history of his transactions in this country, the most active and interesting period of his life, concerning which M. Dumas' sketch is very meagre, passing over in silence his important services as one of the commanders of the Royal American Corpsy his connection with the former expedition against Fort Du- quesne^ * For particulars of this controversy, see Craig's " Olden Time," Vol. I, published at I'ittsburgh in 1846, and Sparks' "Life and Writings of Wash- ington," Vol. II. J Publishers' Notice. VM Du^uesne^ in lys^t under General Forbes, and his cel- ebrated controversy with General — then Colonel — Wash- ington as to the route which that expedition should take from Car/islf to Fort Duqutsne.* The one urgently advo- cated by General Bouquet, through Raystown^ now Bedford^ and Loyal Hanna^ was adopted, and the marked advantage of this road in subsequent military operations, and in encouraging the settlement of fVtstern Pennsylvania^ evinced his practical wisdom and forethought. We would call the attention of our readers to the suc- cessful manner in which, by the *' Osborne Process " the American Photo-Lithographic Company have reproduced the map, plans, and the two plates by Benjamin West, \n facsimile of the originals. For facility of reference, an index has been added. / <*J'*S B,l, . -.1 » I'lm TP* '■•* • ■ CONTENTS. PAGE xi xvii Prefatory, By Francis Parkman . . Biographical Sketch of Henry Bouquet . Ti*- iu^ion 3 Hijiorical Account of the Expedition . • ^9 Reflexions c^ the JVar with the Savages of N. A. 93 Appendix I — ConftruEiion of Forts . . . -137 Appendix II — French Forts ceded to Great Britain . 141 Appendix III — Route from Philadelphia to Fort Pitt 148 Appendix IV — Indian 'Towns on the Ohio River . 149 Appendix V — Indicn Nations of North America . 1 53 M :fei /X iiui iti ti#-\ - **ir PREFATORY. THE peace of 1763 was the beginning of a new epoch in the history of this continent. The vast region from the Allcghanies to the Rocky Moun- tains had been explored, mapped out, and, in good measure, occupied by the French. Their forts, mis- sions, and trading posts — the centers, in some cases, of little colonies — were scattered throughout the Valley of the Mississippi and on the borders of all the Great Lakes. They had gained a controlling influence over the Indians, and by the right of discovery and of colonization they regarded the country as their own. When Wolfe and Amherst conquered Canada, the vast but frail fabric of French empire in the West crumbled to the dust. An industrial democracy, not a military monarchy married to the hierarchy of Rome, was thenceforth to assume the mighty task of conquering this rich wilderness for civilization. To -^1 xu Prefatory. To the Indian tribes, its natural owners, the change was nothing but a disaster. They had held, in a cer- tain sense, the balance of power between the rival colonies of France and England. Both had bid for their friendship, and both competed for the trade with them. The French had been the more successful. Their influence was predominant among all the in- terior tribes, while many of the border Indians, old allies of the English, had of late abandoned them in favor of their rivals. While the French had usually gained the good will, often the ardent attachment, of the tribes with whom they came in contact, the English, for the most part, had inspired only jealousy and dislike. This dislike was soon changed to the most intense hatred. Lawless traders and equally lawless speculators preyed on the Indians; swarms of squatters invaded the lands of the border tribes, and crowded them from their homes. No race on earth has a more intense and unyield- ing individuality than the Indians. To the weakness and vices inseparable from all low degrees of human development, he joins a peculiar reserve and pride. He will not coalesce with superior races, and will not imitate them. When enslaved he dies, kills himself, kills W" Prefatory. Xlll kills his master, or runs away. It has been his lot to be often hated, but seldom thoroughly despised. His race has never received a nickname, and he has never served as a subject of amusement. There is some humor in him, but he is too grim a figure to be laughed at. One is almost constrained to admire the inflexible obstinacy with which he clings to his own personality, rejects the advances of civilization, and prefers to die as he has lived. Such, indeed, is the alternative ; and it was after the peace of 1763 that this inexorable sentence of civilization or destruction wrs first proclaimed over the continent in tones no longer doubtful. That the Indians understood the crisis it would be rash to affirm ; but they felt it without fully under- standing it. The result was the great Indian war under Pontiac. The tribes leagued together and rose to drive the English into the sea. All the small posts of the interior were captured from the '-English, itnd the frontiers swept with fire. The two great forts, Detroit and Fort Pitt, alone withstood the assailants, and both were reduced to extremity, Pontiac him- self, with the tribes of the Lakes, beleaguered Detroit, while XIV Prefatory. while tht. Dt'lawares and Shawanees, with some of the Wyandottes, laid siege, in their barbarous way, to Fort Pitt, or Pittsburgh. Other bands of the same tribes meanwhile ravaged the frontiers of Pennsylvania, burn- ing houses, murdering settlers, laying waste whole dis- tricts, and producing an indescribable distress and con- sternation. This is the point where the ensuing narrative begins. Happily for the distracted borders and the distressed garrison, a gallant Swiss officer, Henry BoucijJET, then commanded at Philadelphia, and he was ordered to march, with what troops he could collect, to the relief of Fort Pitt. A similar attempt had been made, with greater means and with fewer obstacles, to relieve Detroit, and the result had been a deplorable defeat ; but Bouf^jKr, an experienced officer, a man of science and a man of sense, proved himself in every way equal to the emergency. The story of this almost desperate attempt is given in the introductory part of the following nanative. The events recounted in the body of the book belong to the succeeding year. The Indians defeated by Bouquet at Bushy Run, and foiled by Gladwyn before Detroit, had lost heart and hope. General Bradstreet led a body of ,,, ■'*;^'^'«- . ■?'^'WW?,''ifS^?^*-' Prefatory. XV of troops up the lakes to force them to a substantial and permanent peace ; while Bouquet, with a similar object, marched into the untrodden wilderness of Ohio. Bradstreet's share of the combined expedition was ill-managed, and ^ at partially successful •, yet, while failing to do his own part thoroughly, he took it upon himself to accomplish that assigned to his brother commander. Bouquet rejected his interfer- ence, disregarded the unauthorized treaties he had ■made, and pursued his march with results which the narrative itself will show. I have examined the orig- inal documents on which it is based, and can testify that they have been faithfully followed. The authorship of the "Historical Account of the Expedition against the Ohio Indians,'' has been as- cribed, by Rich, Allibone, and others, to Fhomas Hutchins, at that time Geographer of the United States, who supplied the map , but the following extract from a letter of Dr. William Smith, Provost of rhe College of Philadelphia, dated January 13, 1766, seems a suf- ficient proof that the credit belongs to him. "il/r. Croghan" he writes to Sir William John- son, ^^ set out the day before I expected he uould, else I ^■^ proposed sending you a copy of ' Bouquet's Expedition " to Aiuskingum^* which I drew up from some papers he ^^ favored ^i XVI Prefatory. ^'favored me with, and which is reprinted in England^ " and has had a very favorable reception.'' Mr. A. R. SpofFord, the intelligent cusiodian of the Library of Congress, first made this contemporary evi- dence known, having discovered the letter in the Force collection of papers, lately acquired by that Library. Francis Parkman. Boston, August y 1868. i..J/--w'^4.f.tt,-,*^v-i..«.«", -iiNf^-ffi^rf.^ ,4 pm ■■*., ■ • ^ 'fc... mm BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF HENRY BOUQUET. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH EDITION OF THIS WORK PUBLISHED AT AMSTERDAM IN 176.; BV C. G. F. DUMAS. TTENRY BOUQUET was a man of a fine A X person, a superior understanding, and a feeling heart. He made no claim to the good opinion of others, neither did he solicit it. All were compelled to esteem him, and hence there were many of his profession who thought they could dispense with loving him. Firmness, intrepidity, calmness, presence of mind in the greatest dangers, virtues so essential in a com- mander, were natural to him. His presence inspired confidence and impressed respect, encouraged his friends and confounded his foes. He xvin Biographical Sketch of He was born at Rolle,* in the canton of Berne, in Switzerland. In 1736, being then seventeen years old, he was received as a cadet in the Regiment of Con- stant, in the service of LL. HH. ??.,i and in 1738 he obtained the commission of ensign in the same regi- ment. Thence he passed into that of Roguin, in the service of the King of Sardinia, and distinguished himself first as first lieutenant, and afterward as adju- tant, in the memorable and ably-conducted campaigns of the wars which that great prince sustained against the combined forces of France and Spain. At the battle of Cony, being ordered to occupy a piece of ground at the brink of a precipice, he led his men thither in such a way that not one of them saw that they were within two steps of destruction should the enemy force the position. Meanwhile, calmly watch- ing the movements of both armies, he made his soldiers observe, in order to distract their attention, that these movements could be seen much better by the light of the moon than in broad daylight. * Rolle is a small town in the canton of Vaud. Together with the greater part of the Vaudois territory, it was formerly under the govern- ment of Berne, and regarded as a part of that canton. It 'is on the northern borders of the Lake of Geneva. — F. P. k f Lturt Hautet Puistanct$ — /. *., The States General of Holland. — F. P. The ■kJSSil" Henry Bouquet. XIX The accounts, no less exact than interesting, which he sent to Holland of the operations of these cam- paigns, came to the knowledge of His Serene High- ness, the late Prince of Orange, and induced him to engage this officer in the service of the Republic. In consequence, Mr. Bouquet entered as captain commandant, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, into the regiment of Swiss Guards, newly formed at the Hague, in 1748, and was immediately chosen to go, jointly with Generals Burmannia and Cornabk, to receive from the French the places in the Low Countries which they were about to evacuate, and to arrange the return of the prisoners of war which France gave up to the Republic in conformity with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. A few months after, Lord Middleton invited him to accompany him in his travels in France and Italy. On his return to the Hague, he devoted every moment which his regimental duties allowed to the careful study of the military art, and above all of mathematics, which are the foundation of it. The intimate relations which he formed with Professors Hemsterhuis, IConig, and Allamand, and with sev- eral other learned men in every branch of science, greatly XX Biographical Sketch of greatly facilitated his acquisition of the thorough knowl- edge which afterward gave him a yet higher distinc- tion, and caused him to appear with such advantage in the vast theater of the war kindled between France and England in 1754.* As this war ob'iged England to send troops to America, it was proposed to raise a corps, under the name of Royal Americans, formed of three bat- talions under one commander, the officers of which were to be indifferently either Americans or foreign- ers, but in all cases men of capacity and experience. f This plan, favored by the Duke of Cumberland, was carried into execution, though altered and muti- lated by an opposing faction. Mr. Bouquet and * Bou(iyKT always retained his fondness for the society of men of sci- ence. When in command at Philadelphia, he formed an intimacy with the botanist Bertram. — F. P. f The " Royal American Regiment " was to consist of four battalions of one thousand men each, the ranks to be filled in great measure from the German and other continental settlers of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Fifty of the officers might be foreign Protestants, but the colonel must be a natural-born subject. See " Act to enable His Majesty to grant com- missions to a certain number of foreign Protestants," 29 George II., c. V. The first colonel was John, Earl of Loudoun, but Colonels J. Stanwix, JosiFH DussAuv, C. JifrERiYs, and James Provost, commanded the four battalions respectively. See "Army List." The Royal American Regi- ment is now the Sixtieth Rifles. — F. P. his ! •<)l Henry Bouquet, XXI 1 « his intimate friend, Mr. Haldimand, were the first to whom those charged with it turned their eyes, and they were urged to serve in this brigade as lieutenant colonels. Both had already reached that rank at :he Hague, and by a singular freak of fortune, the officer who was to command them in America was their in- I ferior in Europe. This made them hesitate for some time. Nevertheless, at the urgent persuasion of Sir Joseph Yorke, and upon a promise being made them that they should be placed immediately, as colonels commandant, on a footing of equality with the colonel- in-chief of the brigade, they were induced to accept the commissions offered them. As soon as their reso- lution was taken, thev were charged to attract into the corps a sufficient number of good officers, both for the engineer and the artillery service. There was no reason to regret that this matter was entrusted to them. Most of these officers were drawn from the armies of the Republic, and they have answered the expecta- tions of those who chose them in a manner which has done honor to both. his I have not entered into a detailed account of the plan which called into existence the brigade of which I have just spoken, for this would have led me too far. sSiMft,^,. rtAi J t^ U* ill tMliwjii n I ■*■ .^ifc— «ii xxii Biographical Sketch of far. I shall content myself with saying, that its origin, and the favor with which it was received, were due to pure accident ; but that its happy executie provinces. This good understanding between the civil and military '"' Major General Sm Josefh Yorke was appointed Brirish Plenipoten- tiary to the States General in 1751. He had been aid -de-camp to the Duke or Cumberland at the battle of Fontenuy. In 1788 he was raised tu the peerage as Baron Dover. He died without issue in 1791- F. P. authorities Henry Bouc/ui't. XXllI authorities contributed to his success quite t . niuch as his ability. Immediatelv after the conclu ion o{ peace with the Indians, the king made him brigadier general and com- mandant of his troops in all the Southern C\tlonics of British America. He died at Pensacola * lamented by his friends and universally regretted. I wish that the Coloni s, which I sincerely love, may have a long succession of such defenders. The young officers who read this, will permit me to propose him as a model for their imitation, and an example well fitted to excite in them a noble emulation. It is to his honor that I have undertaken this translation, and it is to his mem- ory that I dedicate it. [*His death must Juve occurred in the autumn of 1765, not long tfttr his return trom thit " Expedition against the Obic Indiam,' for, in the Gintliman'i Ma: aaine (London) for January, 1766, we find the following among tiie pron i< •• aS|||B(g|»|B^«S(i;:W»awi»s^ ^ii^mH^fmmimm ■tiittttllWlilbwteWUt . -; IWn IFSS Scalr of Miles. ,<■ /• 770P» r'T, AP.KI t CO. TuMishers , CINCINNATI u<^ J' '^^. ^n. of the COUNTRY on tlie ^ Oliio KrMnfkiinJimi Rivers Kfhemin^ theSfUuttton oftJke IIOJIAJVTOW^A' iPt'tft o/' C'olr>nelB o«ji|i.«t ThofHutcAm^^f/.r.^M«le A Survey Colo ,.tt-i., B oiitatiftt ASiAant EafioMr. Tffjtr.: ««£: Scale or Miles. ,< /• fj" Am.Photo-Litho^raphic Cki. N.Y ! Osborns's fVoce.is; ti*n.wMi.;'J-'JlWlfc|ilc WB^ 1 ■)<^ tt/ •mmm^ AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE EXPEDITION AGAINST THE OHIO INDIANS, IN THE YEAR MDCCLXIV. UNDER THE COMMAND OF HENRY BOUQUET, ESQ. COLONEL OF FOOT, AND NOW BRIGADIER GENERAL IN AMERICA. Including his Tranfaftions with the INDIANS, Relative to the DELIVERY of their PRISONERS, And the PRELIMINARIES of PEACE. With an introductory account of the Preceding CAMPAIGN, And BATTLE at BUSHY-RUN. To which are annexed MILITARY PAPERS, CONTAINING Refleftions on the War with the Savages; a Method of forming Frontier Settlements ; fome Account of the INDIAN Country ; with a Lift of Nations, Fighting Men, Towns, Diftances, and different Routs. The whole illuftrated with a MAP and COPPER-PLATES. Publilhed, from authentic Documents, by a Lover of his Country. PHILADELPHIA. PRINTED: LONDON, Re-printed for T. JEFFERIES, Geographer to his MAJESTY, at Charing Crofs. MDCCLXVI. T "*»■ ^wra/VSTTa-*^-** ' ■T^'J!?f *f*W'Ww^^'M*7l«^V''!T?f''V«i. mf-HF"^ „^. .J,. ^««.»l>.^ INTRODUCTION. THE general peace, concluded between Great- Britain, France and Spain, in the year 1762, although viewed in different lights by perlbns varioufly afFeded in the mother country, was nev- erthelefs univerfally confidered as a moft happy event in America. To behold the French, who had fo long infti- gated and fupported the Indians, in the moft de- ftrudive wars and cruel depredations on our fron- tier fettlements, at laft compelled to cede all Canada, and reftrided to the weftern fide of Miffifippi, was what we had lotig wifhed, but fcarcely hoped an accomplifhmeiit of in our own days. The pre- cifion with which our boundaries were expreffed, admitted of no ground for future difputes, and was matter of exultation to every one who under- ftood and regarded the intereft of thefe colonies. We had now the pleafing profped of "entire* * The leveral quotations in this introdudlion are taken from the Annual Regiiler, 1763, which is written with great elegance and truth, fo far as the author appears to have been furniflied with materials. " fecurity 4 Introdu^ion. "fecurity tVom all moleftation of the Indians, (ince " French intrigues could no longer be employed ■'to feduce, or French force to fupport them." " Unhappily, however, we were difappointed in this expedation. Our danger arofe from that very quarter, in which we imagined ourfehes in the moft perfecfl fecurity; and juft at the time when we concluded the Indians to be entirely awed, and almoft fubjeded by our power, they fuddenly fell upon the frontiers of our moft val- uable fettlements, and upon all our out-lying forts, with fuch unanimity in the deAgn, and with fuch favage fury in the attack, as we had not experienced, even in the hotteft times of any former war." Several reafons have been aftigned for this per- fidious condud on their part ; fuch as an omiifion of the ufual prefents, and fome fettlements made on lands not yet purchafed from them. But thefe caufes, if true, could only afFed a few tribes, and never could have formed fo general a combination againft us. The true reafon feems to have been a jealoufy of our growing power, heightened by their feeing the French almoft wholly driven out of Amer- ica, and a number of forts now poflTefled by us, which ■,'.^J:)-;j*.4;4;'^">*!.;:.i"£-i0.a-.':i..'i:.i lntrodu£iion. $ which commanded the great lakes and rivers com- municating with them, and awed the whole Indian country. They probably imagined that they be- held *' in every little garrifon the germ of a future "colony," and thought it . xcumbent on them to make one general and timely effort to crufh our power in the birth. By the papers in the Appendix, a general idea may be formed of the ftrength of the different Indian nations furrounding our fettlements, and their fituation with refped to each other. The Shawanefe, Delawares and other Ohio tribes, took the lead in this war, and feem to have begun it rather too precipitately, before the other tribes in confederacy with them, were ready for adion. Their fcheme appears to have been projeded with much deliberate mifchief in the intention, and more than ufual fkill in the fyftem of execu- tion. They were to make one general and fudden attack upon our frontier fettlements in the time of harveft, to deftroy our men, corn, cattle, &c. as far as they could penetrate, and to ftarve our out- pofts, by cutting off their fupplies, and all com- munication with the inhabitants of the Provinces. In ~~_ 6 Introduffion. In purfuance of this bold and bloody projedl, they fell fuddenly upon our traders whom they had invited into their country, murdered many of them, and made one general plunder of their effedls, to an immenfe value. The frontiers of Pennfylvania, Maryland and Virginia, were immediately over-run with fcalping parties, marking their way with blood and devafta- tion wherever they came, and all thofe examples of favage cruelty, which never fail to accompany an Indian war. All our out-forts, even at the remoteft diftances, were attacked about the fame time,- and the fol- lowing ones foon feli into the enemies hands — viz. Le Boeuf, Venango, Prefqu' Ifle, on and near lake Erie; La Bay upon lake Michigan; St. Jofeph's, upon the rive- of that name; Miamis upon the Miamis river ; Ouachtanon upon the Ouabache ; Sanduiky upon lake Junundat; and Michilimack- inac. Being but weakly garrifoned, trufting to the fecurity of a general peace fo lately eftabliihed, unable to obtain the leaft intelligence from the colonies, or from each other, and being feparately perfuaded maamrnmmsmgmm^amasamm mmmm^ Introduction. "j perfuaded by their treacherous and favage aflailants that they had carried every other place before them, it could not be expec'ted that thefe frnail pofts could hold out long ; and the fate of their garrifons is terrible to relate. The news of their furrender, and the continued ravages of the enemy, ftruck all America with con- fternation, and depopulated a great part of our frontiers. We now faw moft of thofe pofts, fud- denly wrefted from us, which had been the great objedl of the late war, and one of the principal advantages acquired by the peace. Only the forts of Niagara, the Detroit and Kort-Pitt, remained in our hands, of all that had been purchafed with fo much blood and treafure. But thefe were places of confequence, and we hope it ever will remain an argument of their importance, and of the attention that n-iould be paid to their future fupport, that they alone continued to awe the whole power of the Indians, and balanced the fate of the war be- tween them and us ! These forts, being larger, were better garrifoned and fupplied to ftar I a fiege of fome length, than the places that fell. Niagara was not attacked, the enemy judging it too ftrong. The 8 Introiiu^ion. The officers who commanded the other two deferved the highell honour for the firmnefs with which they defended them, and the hardfhips they fuftained rather than deliver up places ot' fuch im- portance. Major (jladwin, in particuhir, who commanded at the Detroit, had to wiihftand the united and vigorous attacks of all the nations living upon the Lakes. The defign of this publication, and the materials in my hands, lead me more immediately to fpeak of the defence and relief of Fort Pitt. The Indians had early furrounded that place, and cut off all communication from it, even by meffage. Tho* they had no cannon, nor under- ftood the methods of a regular fiege, yet, with in- credible boldnefs, they polled rhemfelves under the banks of both riverst by the walls of the fort, and continued as it were buried there, from day to day, with aftonifhing patience; pouring in an inceflant ftorm of mufquetry and fire arrows ; hoping at length, by famine, by fire, or by harrafTuig out the garrifon, to carry their point. t The Ohio and Monongahela, at the jundlion of which Hand* Fort Pitt. Captain Introciufiion. 9 Captain Fauver, who commanded thtre, tho' he wanted feveral neccflaries for fuftaining a fiege, and the fortifications had been greatly damaged by the floods, took all the precautions which art and judgment could fugp^eft for the repair of the place, and repulfing the enemy. His garrilon, joined by the inhabitants, and furviving traders who had taken refuge there, feconded his ertbrts with refo- lution. Their fituation was alarming, being re- mote from all immediate aififtance, and having to deal with an enemy from whom they had no mercy to exped. General Amherst, the commander in chief, not being able to provide in time for the fafety of the remote ports, bent his chief attention to the relief of the Detroit, Niagara, and Fort-Pitt. The communication with the two former was chiefly by water, from the province of New- York ; and it was on that account the more eafy to throw fuccours into them. The detachment fent to the Detroit arrived there on the '29th of July, 176J ; but Captain Dalyell, who commanded that detach- ment, and feventy of his men, loft their lives in a rencounter with the Indians near the fort. Pre- vious to this difafter he had paiTed thro' Niagara, and left a reinforcement there. Fort M, lO IntroduLfton. Fort Pitt remained all this while in a nioft critical iituarion. No account could be obtained from the garrifon, nor any relief fent to it, but by a long and tedious land march of near 200 miles beyond the fettlements ; and through thofe dan- gerous pafles where the fate of Braddock and others ftill rifes on the imac;ination. i CoL. Bouquet was appointed to march to the relief of this fort, with a large quantity of military ftores and proviiions, efcorted by the fhattered re- mainder of the 42d and 77th regiments, lately re- turned in a difnial condition from the Well-Indies, and far from being recovered of their fatigues at the (iege of the Havannah. General Amherft, having at that time no other troops to fpare, was obliged to employ them in a fervice which would have required men of the ftrongeft conftitution and vigour. E,ARLY orders had been given to prepare a con- voy of proviiions on the frontiers of Fennfyl- vatiia, but fuch were the univerfal terror and con- fternation of the inhabitants, that when Col. Bou- quet arrived at Carlifle, nothing had yet been done. A great number of the plantations had been plundet'^d and burnt, by the favages ; many of IntroduSlion. II of the mills deftroyed, and the /ull-ripe crops flood waving in the field, ready for the fickle, bur the reapers were not to be found 1 The greateft part of the county of Cumberland, thro' which the army had to pafs, was deferted, and the roads were covered with diftrefTed families, flying from their fettlements, and deftitute of all the necefTaries of life. In the midft of that general confufion, the fup- plies necefiary for the expedition became very pre- carious, nor was it lefs diiticult to procure horfes and carriages for the ufe of the troops. The commander found that, inftead of exped- ing fuch fupplies from a miferable people, he him- felf was called by tht voice of humanity to beftow on them fome (bare of his own provifions to relieve their prefent exigency. However, in i 8 days after his arrival at Carlifie, by the prudent and adive meafures which he purfued, joined to his knowl- edge of the counttA, and the diligence of the per fons he employed, the convoy and carriages were procured with the al?iftance of the interior parts of the country, and the army proceeded. Their iBjBl^ . i jg .. ' .^^. . 12 Introduiiion. Their march did not abate the fears of the de- jefted inhabitants. They "...new the ftrength and ferocity of the enemy. They remembered the former defeats even of our beft troops, and were full of diffidence and apprehenfions on beholding the fmall number and fickly ftate of the regulars employed in this expedition. Without *-'~- leaft hopes, therefore, of fuccefs, they feemed ^nly to wait for the fatal event, which they dreaded, to abandon all the country beyond the Sufque- hannah. In fuch defpondency of mind, it is not urprif- ing, that tho' their whole was at ftalce, ai d de- pended intirely upon the fate of this little army, none of them offered to affift in the defence of the country, by joining the expedition ; in which they would have been of infinite fervice, being in gen- eral well acquainted with the woods, and excellent markfmen. It cannot be contefted that the defeat of the regular troops on this occafion, would have left the province of Pennfylvania in particular, expofed to the moft imminent danger, from a victorious, daring, and barbarous enemy; for (excepting the frontier people of Cumberland county) the bulk of amsBomim ItttroduSiion. »3 of its induftrious inhabitants is compofed of mer- chants, tradefmen and farmers, unaccuftomed to arms, and without a militia law. The legiflature ordered, indeed, 700 men to be raifed for the protedlion of the frontiers during the harveft ; but what dependence could be placed in raw troops, newly raifed and undifciplined ? Under fo many difcouraging circumftances, the Colonel (deprived of all affiftance from the prov- inces, and having none to expert from the Gen- eral, who had fent him the laft man that could be removed from the hofpitals) had nothing elfe to truft to, but about 500 foldiers of approved cour- age and refolution indeed, but infirm, and intire ftrangers to the woods, and to this new kind of war. A number of them were even fo weak, as not to be able to march, and fixty were carried in waggons to reinforce the garrifoiis of the fmall ports on the communication. Meanwhile Fort-Ligonier, fituated beyond the Allegheny-Mountains, was in the greateft danger of falling into the hands of the enemy, before the army could reach it. The ftockade being very bad, and the garrifon extremely weak, thev had at- tacked it vigoroufly, but had been repulfed by the bravery W: H Intruduthon. bravery and good condudl of Lieutenant Biane who commanded there. The prefervation of that poft was of the utmoft confequence, on account of its fituation and the quantity of military llores it contained, which if the enemy could have got pofTeiruDn of, would have enabled them to continue their attack upon Fort Pitt, and reduced the army to the greateft ftreights. For an objed of that importance, every rifk was to be run ; and the Colonel determined to fend through the woods, with proper guides, a party of thirty men to join that garrifon. Fhey fucceeded bv forced marches in that hazardous attempt, not having been difcovered by the enemy till thev came within fight of the Fort, into which thev threw themfeivcs, after receiving feme running fliot. Previous to that reinforcement of regulars, 2C voluntu-rs, all good woodfmcn. had been lent to I^ort- Ligonier by Capt. Ourry, who commanded at b ort- Bedford another very confiderable maga- zine o\ provifions, and military ftores, the princi- pal and centrical flage between Carlifle and Fort Pitt, being about loo miles dirtance from each. This tort was alfo in a ruinous condition, and very weakly garrifoned, although the two finall intermediate -'^PIP" ' IntroduElion. tS intermediate pofts, at the crofTings of the Juniata and of Stony Creek, had been abandoned to ftrengthen it. Here the diftrefled families, fcattered for 12 or 15 miles round, fled for protedion, leaving moft of their effeds a prey to the favages. All the neceffary precautions were taken bv the commanding officer, to prevent furprize, and repel open force, as alfo tc render ineffedual the enemies fire arrows. He armed all the fighting men, who formed two companies of voluntiers, and did duty with the garrifon till the arrival of two companies of light infantry, detached as foon as poffible from Colonel Bouquet's little army. These two magazines being fecured, the Colonel advanced to the remoteft verge of our fettlements, where he .could receive no fort of intelligence of :he number, pofition, or motions of the enemy. Not even at Fort-Bedford, where he arrived with his whole convoy on the 25th of July, for tho' the Indians did not attempt to attack the fort, they had by this time killed, fcalped, and taken eighteen perfons in that neighborhood, and their fculking parties were fo fpread, that at laft no exprefs could efcape lb Introduction. efcape them. " This" (want of intelligence) " is '* often a very embarralTing circumftance in the con- *' dud of a campaign in America. The Indians '* had better intelligence, and no fooner were thev " informed of the march of our Army, than they " broke up the fiege of Fort-Pitt, and took the ** rout by which they knew we were to proceed, " refolved to take the firft advantageous oppor- " tunity of an attack on the march." In this uncertainty of intelligence under which the Colonel laboured, he marched from Fort Bed- ford the 28th of July, and as foon as he reached Fort-Ligonier, he determined very prudently to leave his waggons at that poft, and to proceed only with the pack horfes. Thus difburdened, the army continued their rout. Before them lay a dangerous defile at Turtle Creek, feveral miles in length, commanded the whole way by high and craggy hills. This defile he intended to have pafTed the enfuing night, by a double or forced march; there- by, if poflible, to elude the vigilance of fo elert an enemy, propofing only to make a (hort halt in his way, to refrefti the Troops, at Bu(hy-Run. When they came within half a mile of that place, about one in the afternoon, (Auguft 5th, 1763) after Introdu^ton. 17 after an harrafling march of feventeen miles, and juft as they were expeding to relax from their fa- tigue, they were fuddenly attacked by the Indians, on their advanced guard ; which being fpeedily and firmly fupported, the enemy was beat off, and even purfued to a confiderable diftance. *f But the flight of thefe barbarians muft often be confidered as a part of the engagement, (if we may ufe the expreffion) rather than a derelidion of the field. The moment the purfuit ended, they returned with renewed vigour to the attack. Several other parties, who had been in ambufh in fome high grounds which lay along the flanks of the army, now ftarted up at once, and falling with a refolution equal to that of their companions, galled our troops with a moft obftinate fire. ' It was neceflary to make a general charge with * the whole line to diflodge them from thefe heights. * This charge fucceeded ; but ftill the fuccefs pro- ' duced no decifive advantage ; for as foon as the I The above quotation is from the writer already mentioned, and feems lb accurately and elegantly drawn up, from the account of this engagement, fent to his Majelly's minifters, that nothing better can be inferted in its room. There are but one or two fmall midakes in it, which are here correfted. * favages i8 Introdu5fion. ' favages were driven from one poft, they ftill ap- ' peared on another, till by conftant reinforcements ' they were at length able to furround the whole ' detachment, and attack the convoy which had ' been left in the rear. 'This manoeuvre obliged the main body to fall back in order to protedl it. The adlion, which grew every moment hotter and hotter, now became general. Our troops were attacked on every fide ; the favages fupported their fpirit throughout ; but the fteady behaviour of the Englifh troops, who were not thrown in the leaft confufion by the very difcouraging nature of this fervice, in the end prevailed ; they repulfed the enemy, and drove them from all their pofts with fixed bayonets. ' The engagement ended only with the day, ' having continued from one without any inter- ' miflion. ' The ground, on which the adion ended, was 'not altogether inconvenient for an encampment. ' The convoy and the wounded were in the middle, ' and the troops, difpofed in a circle, incompafled * the whole. In this manner, and with little ' repofe, i Hni «l l «>t l )iii l >'it f i r ill O llii>i iJn i mjM ii 'M i IntroduSlion. 19 'repofe, they pafled an anxious night, obliged to *the ftridleft vigilance by an enterprizing enemy * who had furrounded them. * Those who have only experienced the feverities and dangers of a campaign in Europe, can fcarcelv form an idea of what is to be done and endured in an American war. To ad in a country cul- tivated and inhabited, where roads are made, magazines are eftablillied, and hofpitals provided; where there are good towns to retreat to in cafe of misfortune; or, at the worft, a generous enemv to yield to, from whom no confolation, but the honour of vidory, can be wanting; this may be conlidered as the exercife of a fpirited and adven- turous mind, rather than a rigid conteft where all is at ftake, and mutual deftrudion the objed: and as a contention between rivals for glory, rather than a real ftruggle between fanguinary enemies. But in an American campaign every thing is terrible; the face of the country, the climate, the enemy. There is no refrcfhment fo r the healthy, nor relief for the ficlc. I'V vaft un- hofpitable defart, unfafe and treacherous, fur- rounds them, where vidories are not decifive, but defeats are ruinous; and fimple death is the leaft misfortune which can happen to them. This ' forms 20 Introdu^ion. 'forms a Tervice truly critical, in which all the * firmnefs of the body and mind is put to the fe- ' vereft trial ; and all the exertions of courage and *addrefs are called out. If the adlions of thefe ' rude campaigns are of lefs dignity, the adven- ' tures in them are more interefting to the heart, * and more amufing to the imagination, than the ' events of a regular war. 'But to return to the party of Englifti, whom ' we left in the woods. At the firft dawn of light ' the favages began to declare themfelves, all about ' the camp, at the diftance of about 500 yards; and ' by fhouting and yelling in the moil horrid man- ' ner, quite round that extenfive circumference, en- ' deavoured to ftrike terror by an oftentation of * their numbers, and their ferocity. * After this alarming preparative, they attacked our forces, and, under the favour of an inceflant fire, made feveral bold attempts to penetrate into the camp. They were repulfed in every attempt, but by no means difcouraged from new ones. Our troops, continually vidorious, were contin- ually in danger. They were befides extremely fatigued with a long march, and with the equally long adion, of the preceding day ; and they were • diftreflTed Jntroduthon. 21 ' diftreiTed to the laft degree by a rotal want of vv.iter, * much more intolerable than the enemy's fire. 'Tied to their convoy, they could not lofe light 'of it for a moment, without expoling, not only ' that interefting objed, but their wounded men, ' to fall a prey to the favages, who )>refled them on 'every fide. To move was imprac'licable. Many 'of the horfes were loft, and many of the drivers, ' ftupefied by their fears, hid themO'lves in the 'buflies, and were incapable of hearing or obeying ^ orders. * Their fituation became extnmely critical and 'perplexing, having experienced ihat the moft ' lively efforts made no impreffion upon an enemy, ' who always gave way when prefled ; but who, the ' moment the purfuit was over, returned with as * much alacrity as ever to the attack. Befieged * rather than engaged; attacked without interrup- ' tion, and without decifion ; able neither to ad ' vance nor to retreat, they (aw before them the ' moft melancholy profped of crumbl'.ig awav by ' degrees, and entirely perifhing without revenge 'or honour, in the midft of thofe dreadful defarts. The fate of Braddock was every moment before ^ their eyes ; but they were more ably conduced. 'The 4 % 22 Introdutlion. ' The conunaiulcr was fenfible that everything ' depciiiicd upon bringing the lavages to a dole ' enc^a^ement, .;;.u ro ftand their ground when ar- * tacked. Their audacioufnels, which had incrcal'eil * with their luccefs, Teemed favourable to this * delign. He endeavoured, therefore, to increafc * their confidence as much as polVible. ' For that pvirpofe he contrived the following ' ftratatiem. Our troops were ported on an emi- ' nence, and formed a circle round their convoy * from the preceding night, which order they llill ' retained. Col. Bouyur/r gave directions, that ' two companies of his troops, who had been 'ported in the mort advanced fituations, rtiould 'fall within the circle; the troops on the right 'and left immediately opened their files, and filled * up the vacant fpace, that they might feem to 'cover their retreat. Another company of light ' infantry, with one of grenadiers, were ordered ' " to lie in ambufcade," to fupport the two ' firft companies of grenadiers, who moved on * the feigned retreat, and were intended to begi" ' the real attack. The difpofitions were wt ' made, and the plan executed without the lealt ' confufion. 'Thf. Introfiuffion. 23 ' The favages gave entirely into the fnare. The ' thin line of" troops, which took pofleiVion of the ' ground which the two companies of light foot had ' left, being brought in nearer to the center of the 'circle, the barbarians miftook thofe motions for a ' retreat, abandoned the •.v'oods which covered them, ' hurried headlong on, and advancing vvith the moft 'daring intrepidity, galled the Englirti troops with 'their heavy fire, but at the very moment when, 'certain of fuccefs, they thought themfelves mafters 'of the camp, the two firft companies made a fud- 'den turn, and fallying out from a part of the hill, 'which could not be obferved, tell furioufly upon ' their right flank. ' The favages, though they found themfelves * difappointed and expofed, preferved their recol- ' ledion, and refolutely retun..,v: the fire which ' they had received. Then it was the fuperiority ' of combined ftrength and difcipline appeared. ' On the fecond charge they could no longer fuftain ' the irrefiftible fbock of the regular troops, who ' rufhing upon them, killed many, and put the reft * to flight. 'At the inftant when the favages betook them- ■"felves to flight, the other two companies, which 'had ■i^mmmtmiii>»;i vitm • c> ■•:«i',ii,ti(*fi;rM' •/- 1 24 Introdutlion, ' had been ordered to iupport the firft, rofe *'from * *' ambufcade," marched to the enemy, and g? e *them their full fire. This accomplifhed their de- *feat. The four companies now united, did not 'give them time to look behind them, but purfued 'the enemy till they were totally difperfed. 'The other bodies of the favages attempted ' nothing. They were kept in awe during the 'engagement by the reft of the Britilli troops, who 'were fo ported as to be ready to fall on them 'upon the leaft motion. Having been witnefles 'to the defeat of their companions, without any 'effort to fupport or affift them, they at length ' followed their example and fled. ; ' This judicious and fuccefsful manceuvie refcued the party from the moft imminent danger. The vidory lecured the field, and cleared all the adja- cent woods. But ftill the march was fo difficult, and the army had fuffer^-d fo much, and fo many horfes were loft, that before they were able to pro- ceed, they were reluftantly obliged to deftroy fuch part of their convoy of provifions as they could not carry with them for want of horfes. Being lightened by this facrifice, they proceeded to Bufny-Ruii, where finding water, they encamped,' A Ki*!alMyMMi:S.i Plan Delaware^ ,Shawai ^ . // ■//-. ■■Jt». ^ ^•■wv- -f^ ,W- t.. «t ft' . ' ■ .y "ROBtGhAhi/.//^////rv//^ ' ^^ pxi [:»r-lJ»i'«A ^aJ^*^ tj^. .. »,«-.«. J . JSitetn/ioM-Jfen < -AM "ROB! CLAKKE t-i.'O. Pul.lislien .CINCINNATI Am I'll. in-Ltt.u^raphicGo NY ( Osl.orne's Process , ^ammm^iss^^' " I i •^mimimm^^ Introduction, •5 A PLAN of this engagement is annexed, and it was thought the more necefl"ary here to inlerr a particular account of it, as the new manaaivresf and (kdful condurt of the commander, ieem to have been the principal means, not only ot pre- ferving his army in the moft critical fituation, but likewife of enfuring them a complear vidlory. The enemy loft about fixty men on this occa- fion, fome of them their chief warriors; which they reputed a very fevere ftroke. They had likewile many wounded in the purfuit. The Knglifti loft about fifty men and had about fixry wounded. The favages, thus fignally defeated m all their attempts to cut off this reinfccement upon its march, began to retreat with rhe utmoft precipita- tion to their remote fettlements, wholly giving up their deftgns againft Fort Pitt ; at which place Col. Bouquet arrived iafe with his convoy, four t Another reaf'on fpr being io particular in tliis account, is that the military papers anncyed to this work, and the plan tor carry- ing on any future wai with the Indians, were compoled wyon the experience of this engagement, by an officer long emploved in the iervice he defcrii)es. His own improvement was hi- princi pal motive in the compofition of them ; but being told that they might convey many uleful hints to others, and be of much ler- vice it laid before the public, he was pleafed, upon mv requeft, freely to communicate them to me "or that purpofe. davs mmmmam 26 Introduflion. days after theadion; receiving no Further molefta- tion on the road, except a few fcattered ihot from a diflieartened and flying enemy. Here the Colonel was obliged to put an end to the operations of this campaign, not having a fuf- ficienr force to purfue the enemy beyond the Ohio and take advantage of the vidory obtained over them ; nor having any reafon to exped a timely reinforcement from the provinces in their diftrefled fituation. He was therefore forced to content him.Ao actions of the 5th and *' 6th of Auguil ; tn which, notwithftanding the ** many circumftances of diffictdty and dillreis they "laboured under, and the unufuai fpirit and refo- " lution of the Indians, they repelled and defeated " the repeated attacks of the Savages, and con " duded their convov (x\<: to Port- Pit;:. Miinec: M O N t: [*, K I i- Major of Brigade. To Colonel BotfQUET, or officer comma adins ir F ort 'irt. AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF COLONEL BOUQUET'S EXPEDITION AGAINST THE OHIO INDIANS IN THE YEAR 1:64. TN the preceding introdudion, feme account -■- hath been given of the fudden, treacherous and unprovoked attack, made by the Indians upon the frontiers of Pennfylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, foon after the publication of thi general Peace, at a time when we were but juft beginning to refpire from our former calamities, and locked for an approach of quiet on every fide. The principal tranfadions of the campaign 1763 have likewife been briefly recapitulated, and the reader informed by what means the editor became poflefTed mtrni 3^ Hijlorkal Account of portefTed of the valuable papers, which have en- abled him to bring the hiftory of this Indian war to a conclufion, and furnifhed the materials of the following fheets. Colonel Bouquet, as before mentioned, not having a fufficient number of troops to garrifon the different polls, under his command, and at the fame time to crofs the Ohio and take advantage of the dejedion into which he had thrown the enemy, by the defeat at Buihy-Run,was obliged to reftrain his operations to the fupplying the forts with pro- vilions, ammunition and other neceflfaries. In the execution of this fervice, he received no annoyance from the enemy, for they now faw them- felves not only forced to give up their defigns againft Fort-Pitt ; but, retreating beyond the Ohio, they deferted their former towns, and aban- doned all the country between Prefque-Ifle and Sanduflci ; not thinking themfelves fafe till they arrived at Mufkingam. Here they began to form new fettlements, and remained quiet during the winter. But, in the mean time, having fupplied themfelves with pow- der, &:. from the French traders, (and now flattering Colonel Bouquet's Expedition. 31 flattering themfelves that the great diftance of their fettlements would render them inacceflible to our troops) the enfuing fpring 1764 prefented thefe ravage enemies afrefh on our frontiers ; ravaging and murdering with their ufual barbaritv. To chaftife them for their perfidy, General Gage refolved to attack them on two different fides, and to force them from our frontiers ; by carrying the war into the heart of their own country. With this view, he deftined a corps of troops to proceed under Col. Bradftreet, to a.ET then affumed the command of the regular and provincial troops; and the four following days were fpent in the neceffary prep- arations for their march; the Colonel giving the moft exprefs orders to the officers and men to obferve ftnct difcipline, and not to commit the ieaft violation of the civil rights or peace of the inhabitants.— He, at the fame time, made the mofl prudent regulations for a fafe and commo dious carriage of the baggage, taking care to rid himlelt of all unneceffary incumbrances. The (jth of Auguft this fmall army got to Fort Loudoun ; but notwithstanding all the precau tions taken to prevtnt defertion, the Pennfylvania troops & * tk a i8!..*<;g«i».4a g .. vu> .Mti^«>* a K % ^ ft )i a i ^ .i^ Colonel Bouquet's Expedition. 35 troops were now reduced to about 700 men. The Colonel was therefore under a neceffity to apply to the government of that province to enable him to compieat their number to the ful' complement ; which was generoufly granted by a refolve of the Governor and Commiffioners Auguft 16th; and the army advancing now beyond fhe fettled parts of Pennfylvania, he made applic;.tIon to the col- ony of Virginia, where (under the countenance of Governor Fauquier) the men wanted were foon raifed, and joined the army at Pittlburg, about the latter end of September. Nothing material happened in their march, from Fort Loudoun to Fort Pitt, (formerly Fort Du Quefne) on the Ohio, three hundred and twenty miles weft from Philadelphia ; at which place Col. Bouquet arrived the 17th ot September. During thio iiK-^rval, feveral large convoys were forwarded uiiJer ftrong efcorts ; and though rhe enemy continued their ravages all that time on the frontiers, they durft not attack any of thofe convoys, which all arrived fafe at Fort Pitt. While Col. Bouquet was at Fort Loudoun, he received ' H'ljiorical Account of received difpatches by exprefs from Colonel Brad- ftreet, dated from Prefque-lfie Auguft 14th, ac- quainting him that he (Colonel Bradrtreet) had concluded a peace with the Delawares and Sha- wanefe; but Colonel Bouquet perceiving clearly that they were not lincere in their intentions, as they continued their murders and depredations, he determined to profecute his plan without remiifion, till he fhould receive further inftru'tiions from General Gage ; who, upon the fame principles, retufed to ratify the treaty, and renewed his orders to both armies to attack the enemy. Aboi T the time of Colonel Bouquet's arrival at Fort Pitt, ten Indians appeared on the north fide of the Ohio, defiring a conference ; which ftratagem the favages had made ufe of before, to obtain in- telligence of our numbers and intentions. Three ot the party confented, though with apparent relud- ance, to come over to the Fort ; and as they could give no fatisfadory reafon for their vifit, thev were detained as fpies, and their affociates fled back to their towns. On the 20th of September Colonel Bouquet fent one of the above three Indians after them with Colonel Bouquet' s Exp edition. 31 with a meflage, in fubftance as follows — " I have " received an account from Colonel Bradftreet '' that your nations had begged for peace, which he " had confented to grant, upon alTurance that vou " had recalled all your warriors from our frontiers ; "and in confequence thereof, I would not have "proceeded againft your towns, if I had not heard " that, in open violation of your engagements, vou "have fince murdered feveral of our people. "As foon as the reft of the armv ioins me, 'which I exped immediately, I was therefore de- ' termined to have attacked you, as a people whofe 'promifes can no more be relied on. But I will ' put it once more in your power to fave your- ' felves and your families from total deftrudion, by 'giving us fatisfadion for the hoftilities committed ' againft us. And firft you are to leave the path ' open for my exprefles from hence to Detroit ; ' and as I am now to fend two men with difpatchcs 'to Colonel Bradftreet who commands on the ' lakes, 1 defire to know whether you will fend two ' ot your people with them to bring them fafe 'back with an anfwer? And if they receive any ' injury either in going or coming, or if the letters *are taken from them, I will immediately put the " Indians 38 Hijiorical Account of " Indians now in my power to death, and will (hew ** no mercy for the future to any of your nations " that fhall fall into my hands. I allow you ten " days to have my letters delivered at Detroit, and "ten days to bring me back an answer." He added "that he had lately had it in his " power, while they remained on the other fide of " the river, to have put their whole party to death, "which punilhment they had deferved by their " former treachery ; and that if they did not " improve the clemency now offered to them, by " returning back as foon as polTible with all their " pnfoners, they might exped to teel the fuli "weight of a juft vengeance and refenrment." — We have been the more particular in our ac- count of this firft tranfadion with the Indians; becaufe the Colonel's firm and determined conduiil in opening the campaign, had happy effeds in the profecution of it, and Ihews by what methods thefc faithlefs favages are to be beft reduced to reafon. On the iff of Oelober, nvo of the Six Nation tribes, an Onondago and Oneida Indian, came to Forr Pitt, and under colour of our ancient friendff\i^ Colonel Bou(fuef s Expedition. 39 I friendship with them, and their pretended regard to the Englifh, endeavored to difTuade the Colonel from proceeding with the army. They told him that his force was not fufficient to withftand the power of the numerous nations through whofe country he was to pafs, and afluretl him that if he would wait a little, they would all come and make peace with him; at the fame time recommending it particularly to him to fend hack the two Indians detained as fpies. Thefe little arts being clearly made uk of to fpin out the feafontill the approach of winter fhould render it impoflihle to proceed, rhey made but little impreflion- He told them hat he could not depend on the promifes of the Delawares and Shawanefe ; and was determined to proceed to Tufcarowas, where, if rhey had my thing to fay, he would hear them. In the mean time, he was ufintr the utmoft dili- gence to prepare for his march, and was obliged to enforce the feverert difcipline. Dne woman belonging to each corps, and f\\o nurfes for the general ho pital, were all thit were permitted to follow the .rinv. The other women in the camp, and thofe unncelTarv in the garrifon, were ordered immediatel) down the country into the fettlements. I wo r 40 Hijlorkal Account of Two Ibldiers were fhor for delertion ; an example which became ahlblutelv neceflary to rupprels a crime which, in iuch an expedition, would have been attended with fatal confequences, by weaken ing an army already too fmall. Coi.ONEi. Bouquet, having at length, with great difficulty, collected his troops, formed his mag- azines, and provided for the fafety of the potb he was to leave l)ehind him, was readv on the id ot October to proceed from Kort Pitt, with about 1500 men, including drivers and other neceflary followers of the army. As a juft idea of the condud of this expedition, and the great caution taken to prevent furpri/.e, will be bell obtained from the order of march, we fhall here infert it, with a Copper Plate for the illuftration