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Photogmphic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 8724503

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CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

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CIHM/ICIVIH
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ALL-ROUND ROUTE

AND

AMic Guide

OF THE

ST, LAWRENCE;

HUDSON river; SARATOGA; TRENTON FALLS ; NIAGARA ; TORONTO'

THOUSAND ISLANDS AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE; OTTAWA-

MONTREAL; qUEBEC ; THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND '

SAGUENAY RIVERS ; THE WHITE MOUNTAINS ;

PORTLAND ; BOSTON ; NEW YORK ;

AND

WESTERN TOURISTS' GUIDE

TO THE WEST,

EMBRACING

Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, (fee.

-» <•»

CANADA RAILWAY NEWS CO, (

496 St. James Street, Montreal,
Publishers, Booksellers, and General Railway Nt

BRANCHES AT

PORTLAND, Me. ; DETROIT, Mich. ; TORONTO
HALIFAX, N.S., and CHICAGO, III.

1888.

1
#1

ADVERTISEMENTS.

WINDSOR H

Incomparably the best Hotel in the

Dominion,

A Home for the Traveller, built, equipped and
conducted on the best New York Models.

Its airy site on Dominion Square makes it a

DELIEHTFOL PLACE OF SUMMER BESIOEIICE,

whilst within easy walking distance of the chief
points of interests in the city.

GEORGE ILES,

Manager.

K::> '

73!!!t^<a">^<P<iiiVM<"VP

T*'

ADVERTISEMENTS

THE BELGEIL MOUNTAINS,

OPEN ANNUALLY FROM MAY 24th to OCTOBER ist

One hour by Grand Trunk R. R. from Montreal.

Richelieu Co. Steamers leave Montreal twice a we k for St. Hilaire.

H Dellglitfyl and Popular Canadian Summer Resort.

The House is capable of accommodatinjr over 400 guests, and ofTers exceptional
^/dvantages to Montreal business men Its proximity, easy and cheap access to and
from the city, enable them to go in and out daily, whilst the unlimited area of
grounds belongmg to the Hotel makes it like a perfect park, and ofters rare advan-
tagcs for delicate people to recuperate their health and enjoy themselves.

.u ^u * ^°T'o?J%'?^/^ ^^ '''7- In-d"or amusements have been provided for in
%^i^<^% u^ BILLIARDS and BOWLING ALLEYS. Two large BATH
HOUSES have been erected a few yards from the Hotel, supplied by a rushing
stream of crystal water from the " Iroquois Lake." ' 1 h J " '"=>■""«

The following is the Scale of Prices :

Per Month, from $30 to $60, according to location of Room.
Per Week, from $10 to $16, " << «

Per Day, from $2 to $2.50 and $3 " " •«

T vw*'"'^ ^J ""?""' ^"' business men, called to the city daily, including Railway
1 icket in and out, carriages to and from Hotel and R. R. Station, from $46.

Reasonable rates for children and servants. For further informatibn apply to

CAnSPBEX.!^ BROXHER8,

Proprietors.

n.u^fi^ul^^ o ^Y St. Hiliiirc Park on the River Richelieu, opened this season, is
Zlll^ " — '' **"'' T. ^^'^ !•"« «f tne G. T. R'y. It is the largest pleasure ground
in the Dominion, and is ov/ned by Lt. Col. B. F. Campbell.

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ADVERTISEMENTS,

THE MONTREAL

aggage Transfer C

NOW FULLY ORGANIZEli*

Will call for and deliver baggage at a
lence in the city.

Agents await the arrival of all trains and steamers.

Perfect organization, first-class equipment^and^o^<^'
leaper rates than by any oth^r medium.ir^^U® ^J^

. Special facilities for the transfer 8^o*^mgr^fal,,^
fravellers and Theatrical Companies' "g^ft^^^gjjzP

HI. E,, ^M:.A.CG-REG-OieJ

ATAIVAGER,

OFFICE, - . BONAVENTURE DEPOT.

P. O. BOX 1165.
TELEPHONE No. 1225.

■*»''-»<

ADVERTISEMENTS.

^9 ESTABLISHED 1834. %^

Prize MedalsLondon and Paris

— ALSO —

Gold Medal awarded at Dominion Exhibition, Ottawa,
1879, for Beat Collection of Furs.

'"••^=>j^g g^s ^g ^ as:

JOHN HENDERSON & CO.,
Hatters and FaTvieT'sl

MONTREAL.

Tourists are invited to call and examine our stock, on view during the
Summer, embracing all the finest classes of

EUSSIA, HUDSOl^'S BA7 AND CANADIAN FURS.

All manufactured on the premises in the best manner and latest styles.

English, F. eneh and American Hats of all kinds received from
the he&t makers weekly.

\ "Within two s

ADVERTISEMENTS.

'INDSOR HOUSE, Ottawa.

S. DANIELS, Proprietor.

I ^ItWa two ainates Walk of the Parllaaent Building., Pest Offlee and ToUgraph Ofllcoi.
OmnlbMdi meet all Boats and Trains.

"HOS, LOGAN,

President.

JOHN MACFARLANE,
T/-Mj^T .r, ^,^ Vice- Pregident li- Man. Director.

JOHN S YOUNG, Sec.-Trens.

'madi Fap

(LIMITED)
MANUFACTURERS OF

^hite and Tinted Flat Writings, Envelope and Cover Papers,
Papers Book, News and Poster Papers, Bleached and
Unbleached Bag, Hosiery and Manilla Papers,
Brown Wrapping, Roofing Felt, &c., &c.
SPECIAL PAPERS MADE TO ORDER. .^

HEAD OFFICE AND WAREHOUSES:

»78, 680 & 582 CRAIG STREET, MONTREAL.

WBSTEEN BRANCH : 11 PEONT STSEET WEST, TORONTO.

WORKS: Windsor Mills and Spnng^•ale Mill.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

CENTENNIAL FIRST PRIZES.

LANTHIER & CO

271 Notre Dame Street, Montreal,

Hatters and Furriers,

WERE AWARDED THE

INTERNATIONAL AND ONLY COLD MEDAL

For Furs from the Dominion of Canada.

IMPORTERS OF FINE RUSSIAN AND OTHER FURS,

PERSONALLY SELECTED.

"We specially invite Strangers to visit our brilliantly. lighted

Show Rooms, ■where a large assortment of Furs

is constancy on view.

SEAL SACQUES AND SILK CIRCULABS A SPECIALTY.

Also, the Largest Stock of IMPORTED ENGLISH and
FRENCH HATS to be found in the City.

Kartin Is Sa&gstar's Vmbreilu, Water Proofs and Bubbtr Ooods.
g^^ONE PRICE ONLY.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

vii

SPECIALTY.

THyMO-CBESOL SOAP

'he Finest and Purest

Toilet Soap in the World.

lade entirely from vegetable oils, and containing lo per cent
ofTHYMO-CRESOL.

Highly recommended by leading physicians and chemists.

Cures all skin eruptions, removes sunburns, makes the skin
3ft and smooth, and wonderfully improves the complexion

By its medicinal and- disinfectant properties, it is

Invaluable for the Childrens' Bath.

TRAVELLERS should always carry it.

^hose going to the country should take it with
them or obtain it.

[old l)|f Druggists Evefjwhere and by fIrst-Class Grocers,

or sample Tablet mailed free to any address upon receipt

of IS cents.

' i Proprietors and Manufacturerg.
CANADIAN BRANCH,

[59 CRRIG STREET. ^^ MONTREAL.

Trade supplied by any Wholesale Druggist or Grocer.

▼Hi ADVERTISEMENTS.

INDIAN EMPORIUM OF CANADA,

ESTABLISHED 1844.

1790 & 1760 Kolre Dame k 35 St. John Streets, MOXTREIIL,

MODEL LACROSSES,

10c. each to $1.80

MODEL TOBOGGANS.

10c. each to $3.00

MODEL SNOWSHOES, - ISc. each to $3.S0

MODEL MOCCASINS,
lOc. each to - - $2.00

IMPORTERS OF

Wail Papers, - 5c. and upwards
Baskets, • - 3c. "

Hammocks, - 75c. "

MUSICAL INSTBUMENTS.
BEADS OF EVURY DESCRIPTION.

Manager.

ESTATE
G. fi. MOLLAND,

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ANADA,

, MONTREm,

ch to $1.80

;h to $3.00

5h to $3.30 1

A.SINS,

$2.00

TACKLE

Goods and
Smallwares.

Manufactures & Importers

—OF —

Fish Hooks,

—AND—

'PORTING \ Fishing \ Tackle.

— ALSO —

■ '-^-w-r^^ now shoes. Toboggans & Moccasins.

A good stock always on hand from best Indian makers.

MENTS. ■.AWN TENNIS, CRICKET GOODS, BOXING GLOVES

IPTION.B ^"tJ a large variety of GENERAL SPORTING GOODS.

ESTATE I OSTELTj & CO.,

fioLLAND,p/4 ST. PAUL STREET,

ADVERTISEMENTS.

WM. NOTMAN & SON,

§hotagrafiheris to the §mm,

17 Bleury St, Montreal,

LARGEST SELECTION OF

3. 7.8

♦ ♦

.yiia-—

Our New Instantaneous] Process

quite a marvel "^fn

Photo grapJEy.

OUR k PRICES \ WILL + BE k FOUND * REASONABLE.

CARTES, - . $2.00 to $4.00 Per Doz.
CABINETS, - , $4.00 to $8.00 «

A feature worthy of notice is the Parlor, No. ii6, at the
Windsor Hotel, east end of the Grand Corridor.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

WILLIAM STANLEY,

nil ^^^

6g and 71 St. John Street,

Fine's Paper and Envelopes^ Stationery of all

kinds, Novels, " Seasides," " Franklin

Squares," Juveniles, Gift Books,

&c., &e., &e.

xli

ADVERTISEMENTS.

BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO,

MANUFACTURERS OF

First-Class Pianos and Organs.

lllvheat Honorn wherever exhibited. Internittfonnl Mednla

and DlplomaH of Honor at Philadelphia, 1H7«: Sidney,

Australia, 1877: Parla, France, 187S; and over 50

First Prlaea In Canada and different parts

of the Witrid.

^^Two of our instruments, an Organ and a Piarip, have been
selected for Rideau Hall, Ottawa, for the special use of the Gov-
ernor General, I.adj Lansdowne, and Lady Melgund.

Jnsti^uments for^rtists a Sfeciai*ty.

Square and Upright Pianos,

Parlor, Students, Chapel and Church Organs,

Organs with Two Manuals and Pedal Bass.
PRICES FROM $50.00 to $1,00000.

FACTORY, - - BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO.

BRANCH OFFICES:

ENGLAND, London and Manchester; GERMANY, Hamburg: SOUTH

AMERICA, Georfjetown; AUSTRALIA, Sidney and Ade&ide.

NEW ZEALAND. Auckland.

L. B. N. PRATTE, General Agent.

Wholesale and Retail Salesrooms, (the finest in the Dominion),
1676 Kotre Dame Street, Montreal,

^S»Where we keep in stock over loo Instruments of all descriptions at Factor%'
Prices. VISITORS WELCOME.

XIII

BCIAI*TY.

ONTARIO.

tions at Factorj'

ADVERTISEMENTS.

FOR 'TORONTO & RIVER 8T. LAWRENCE.

THE PALACE STEAMER ''CHICORA,"

Running between rewlBton, NlAirara itn<l Toronto, In direct connection

with I rams on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, and Canada

^i" r**^'" Hallway, giving the Tourist and Business Traveller a delightful

sail of Forty Miles across Lake Ontario, connecting at Toronto with Royal Mail

1 Line for Thousand Islands, Rapids of St. Lawrence, Ac.

TICKETS on sale at all Ticket Offices of the N. V. C, & H. R. R. R., and Royal
Mail Line, or to •'

JOHN POT, HARLOW CUMBERLAND,

Manager. ;,5 Yonge Street, Toronto-

HilLTW OUKtLE, Tflll

Str. Sontkru Belle and Grand Trunk Ry.

Hamilto; '^->at and retu n by any train, or vice wrsa (good

one day), *i. ^o. do. (good three days), $1.75 ; Saturday to

Monday, excii.„ boat and return bv a.m. train, or vice versa ,

$1.25. Steame? Milloy's Wharf daily at 5 p.ui.

WM. EDGAR,

G. T. R. R.

GEO. W. KEITH,

Man. Str. Southern Belle.

MATES BV STEAMER:

HAMILTON, .... Single, 75c.; Return, $125
SEASON BOOK TICKETS, $5.50

Saturday and Wednesday Excursions.

GEO. W. KEITH.

CONTENTS.

PflffS.

Classified Index to Advertisers xix-xx

Index to Maps

Index to Places "^^'*i.''*'';;*;; xvii-xix

Introduction „

VABIOUH nOUTI-M BY KAIL AND WATER DESCRIHEI).

Hudson River Route, via People's Lino or Day Line of

Steamers ; or, via New York, West Shore & Buffalo Ry. , 1-31
Pittsfield and Western Massachusetts, via Boston & A Ibany

„ ^- ^ 31-39

Hudson River and Troy 39-43

Albany, Troy, Scranton, Binghamton, Cooperstown,
Sharon Springs and Schenectady, via Delaware and

Hudson Canal Co. R. R 43-64

Saratoga Springs, via Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. R.R. 64-103
Fort Edward Station, Glen's Falls, Fort William Henry,
and Lake George, via Branch of Delaware and Hudson
Co. R. R 102-108

f?;*"^-" 108-111

Albany to Trenton Falls, Watkins Glen, Seneoa Lake, via
West Shore Route and Rome, Syracuse and Rochester
R. R., Utica and Canandaigua, or via New York, Lake

Erie and Western, Elmira, Seneca Lake 111-112

Niagara Falls, via New York, Lake Erie & Western R. R.,

To Suspension Bridge ' 112-I52

Detroit and Chicago, via Great Western Division Grand
Trunk Railway and Michigan Central R. R., Hamilton,

Lomlon, Detroit, Jackson and Michigan City 152-162

Chicago, As It Was, and As It Is 162-185

Chicago to Milwaukee, St. Paul and Minneapi)iis, via

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R 185-193

CONTENTS.

Milwaukee to Grand Haven, viaGoderich Line of Steamore, '

and to Detroit, via the Detroit, Grand Haven and Mil-

waulcee R. K 2^3

Detroit to Suspension BridRe, via Great Western R. R. . . . 193

Suspension Bridge to Toronto, via Great Western R. R., or

by Steamer (-liicoru from Lewiston and Niaj?ara 193-200

Toronto 200-206

Toronto to Montreal, via Can. Pac. Ry., Ontario Division ;
or by Grand Trunk R. R. to Kingston, and Richelieu
& Ontario Navigation Steamers, or by R. and O.
Steamers, Cobourg, Belleville, Kingston, Thousand

Islands, Brockville, Rapids of the St. Lawrence 206-226

Montreal to Ottawa, via Can. Pac. Ry ; or Ottawa Nav.
Go's Steamers, St. Annes, Lake of Two Mountains,

Carillon, L'Orignal, Caledonia Springs 226-230

Ottawa , 230-233

Montreal 233-2.56

Montreal to Belunl Mountain, via Grand Trunk R. R., Vic-
toria Bridge and St. Hilaire 256

Montreal to Quebec, via Grand Trunk R. R. ; or Richelieu
and Ontario Navigation Co., Sorel and Three Rivers ;

or by North Shore R. R 257-263

Quebec 263-274

Quebec to the Lower St. Lawrence, and Saguenay River,
via St, Lawrence Steam Navigation Co., Murray Bay,
Tadousac and Ha ! Ha ! Bay ; or by Intercolonial R. R.
to Rivi6re du Loup and Cacouna, and St. Lawrence

Steam Navigation Co. up the Saguenay 274-290

Quebec to White Mountains, via Grand Trunk R. R., Rich-
mond, Island Pond, and Gorham, or by Grand Trunk
• R. R. Co. to Sherbrooke, and Passumpsic R R. to
Newport, Vt, thence by Passumpsic R. R. Boston,

Concord & Montreal R. K 290-317

White Mountains to Portland, via Grand Trunk R. R. . . . 317

Portland ^ gj y^wi

Portland to White Mountains, via Portland and Ogdensburg

R. R., North Conway, Crawford's or Fabyan's 324-328

Portland to Harriston and return, via Sebago, Portland and
Ogdensburg R. R. and steamer on Lake Sebago;
Sebago, Mount Pleasant and Lake Station 328-330

XVI

CONTENTS.

rortlaiul to Now York, via The Maino StonuiHliip < o. . . . .
l*ortlaii(i to Boston, via Bt»8ton & Maine R. R, rortsnioiitli,
Salem, Lynn, or via the Portia n 1 Steam I'aeket Ht<^amerH..
Portland to New York, via I'ortiaml an<l UocheHter R. R.
Worctister and Nashua R. R., Norwich and Worcester
R. R., Now London and Northern R. R., and Norw ich

line of Steamers from New liondoii

lk>8ton

Montreal to New York, via the Central Vermont R. R.,St.
Albans, Missiscinoi Park, Burlington, Albur^'h Springs,
Wau^rbury, Vt., Wiiite River Junction, Rutland, Troy
or Springfield, or via the Delaware and Hudson Canal
R. R., Rouse's Point, Plattsburg, Whitehall and Al-
bany ; or by mil to Rouse's Point and Piatthburg, and
the Chauiphiin Transi)ortation Co. to Burlington and
Ticonderoga, thence by R. R. us before to Albany

Montreal to New York and Bcston, via South Eastern R. R.,
to Newport, Lake Memphrenmgog; Passumpsic R. R..,
to White Mountiiins, Boston, Concord and Montreal
R. R. to Lake Winnepesaukee, Portland, Old Orchard
Beach, Boston and the Now England sea-sido resorts ;
and to New York, via Wells River and White River
JVinction, and Connecticut River R. R. to Springfield
and New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railway to
New York

Lake Champlain Route, via Grand Trunk Railway, Dela-
ware and Hudson Canal Co. Railway to Plattsburg, and
Champlain Transportation Co., Port Kent, A usable
Chasm, Burlington and Ticonderoga

New York to Long Branch, Atlantic City, Ocean House
and Cape May, via the New York an<l Long Branch
Division of New Jersey Central R. R., or via steamer
to Sandy Hook, and New Jersey Southern Philadelphia
& Pennsylvania R.R., or Philadelphia & Reading R.R.

New Y''ork to Long Island, Coney Island, Rockaway, Man-
hattan Beach, West Brighton, via Steamer, or New
York and Brighton Beach R. R., the Brighton R. R.,
Manhattan R. R., Prospect Park and Coney Island R.
R , Sea Beach R. R., and Long Island R, R

New York

Page.
331

331-33G

.337
337-355

355-370

370-37G

37<5-384

3-4-380

380-3;)S
398-400

331

-330

337
-355

INDEX

CITIES, TOWNS AND PLACES OF INTEREST.

-370

370

384

380

398
400

PAOR

Afton.N. Y 61

Albany. N.y 108-110

Albion. Mioh 160

Alburgh Springs,

Vt 361-362

Alexandria Bay,

N.Y !

An Arbor, Mich. .

Antlesea. N. J

Anthony'8 Nose,

N.Y

Arethusan Streams,

Mass

Ashbury Parli.N. J
Ashley Lake, Mass
Atlantic City. N.J.
Audubon Park,

N,Y

Au.4able Chasm,

„N.Y

Bainbridge.N. Y.
Ball Head Cliff, Me
Balance Rook,

Mass —

B«ll8ton,N. Y...
Barnegat Inlet,

N.J.

Barrytown, N. J..

Batiitcan, Que

BattleCreek.Mich
Beach Haven, N.J
Beacon Hill, N.Y.
Beauharnuis,Que.
Belceil Mountain,

Que

Belleville, Ont. .
Bellowi? Falls, Vt.
Berry Pond, Ma^-s.
BinKhamton.N.Y.
Blood>' Pond, N.Y

Boston, Mns3

Roterbergh, N.Y.
Bowmanville.Ont

Brandon, Vt

Breakneck, N.Y..
Brock's Monu-
ment, Ont 196

213
169

396

30
397

39
394

377

334

396
27
261
160
396
22
323

256
208

105

337-355

21
207
369

PAOR

216

Brookville.Ont...
Bunker's llill.Bos

ton. Mass

BuHington, Vt. ..
Burning Spring,

Niagara Falls. .
Buttermilk Falls,

N. Y

Cacouna, Que

Caledonia Springs,

Ont ..

Caldwell'sLanding,

N. Y

Camp DQuglaa.Wif .
Cape Eteraity .Que.
Cape Say, N J....
Cape Trinity. Que.
Carbondale.N.Y.

Carillon, Que

Catskill Fiills.N.Y
Catskill Mountains,

N. Y

Caughnawaga.Que

Cedars. Que

Central Bridge,

N.Y ..

Chaudi^re Falls,

Ont

Cherry Valley, N.Y
Chicago, III ....

Clayton, N.Y

Chin, The, Vt

Chryslers Farm,

Ont

Clove, The, N.Y. .
Cobleskill.N. Y..

Cobourg, Ont

Cohoes.N.Y

Colliers. N.Y

oncord, NH ™„

Coney Island. N.Y. 389-391
Convent of Mount
St. Vincent.N.Y
Cooperstown.N.Y.
Cornwall, Ont
Coteau du Lac,
Que 221

360
362-363

134-135

282

229

17
188
286
393
286

^')

229

29-30

28
225
222

232

162-185

213

366

217
28
57

207
44
S2

3.32

52-56

221

Coxsackle,N. Y..
Crawford Notoh,
V H

CrDtonLakelN.Y.

Crownest, NY.. .

Cruger's Island.

Crum Elbow, N.Y.

Crystal Lake. N.Y

Cushing's Island,
Me

Delles.Wis

DayLineofSteMi-
•rs

Dearborn, Mioh. .

Detroit. Mich. ...

Devil's Danskam-
mer, N.Y

Devil's Hole, Nia-
gjira Fall's

Dickinson's Land-
ing, Ont..

Dobb's Ferry, N.Y

Dundas, Ont.

Dunderberg, Mt.,
N.Y

EchoIjuke.N.H..

Elmira.N.Y

Ememld Pool.N.H

Fabyans, N.H

Fishkill Landing,
N.Y ".

Flume. The, NH.

Fort Ashley ,Masf.

Fort Clinton, N.Y.

Fort Edward Sta-
tion, N.Y

Fort George, Lake
Oeorge

Fort Lee. N.Y... .

Fort Montgomery,
N.Y

Fort Xiagara, N.Y

Fort f^nelling.Min.

Fort Wa.shington,
NY

FortWilliamHenry
N.Y

PAOK.
40

325
17
21
2T
26
SO

188

168

156-158

139

221

.164

ao8

115
294
315

313

102

107
12

18
199
190

107

i i

XVlll

I'AOK
Franc <t)iaNotch,N.H. 313

Oangvoo.S N.Y 102

Genese.. River Falls,

N.Y 114

Glens Falls. N.Y 103

Glen Ellis Falls, N.H. 295

Greenpoint, L.I 392

Grosse Isle, Que 280

Gorham.N. H 2t)l

Grimsby, Ont 153

Ha! Ha! Bay, Que.... 284

Haverstraw, N. x H

Hamilton, Ont 153-154

Hampton Beach, Con. 335
HavanaGlen, N .Y.113-120
Howe's Cave, N.Y.. 61-62

Hudson. N.Y .. 31

Island of Orleans, je . 279
Isle of Shoals, N.li.- 334

Jackson, Mich 159

Jay Peak .371

Kalamazoo, Mich- ••' 160

Kennebunk, Me 33^^

Kensington, III 161

Kingston, Ont. 2<t8

KiJbourn City, Wis... 187

La Crescent Minn 188

La Crosse, Wis 188

Lach in e Rapids, Que. 225
Lake Champlain. 3:5-382
Lake George, N. Y.

101, 105-107
Lake Minnetonka,

Minn 192

Lake Memphremagog,

Que 372-376

LaRe Oconomowoo. . . . 187
Lake Onota, Mass. ... 39

Lake Pepin, Wis 189

Lake Pewaukee 187

Lake St. Charies.Q... 276
LaKe .St. Francis.Q. ■ . 221
LakeSt. Peter, Que.. 259
Lake«Winnopesaukeo,

Me 369

Lanesboro's Hill,Mass 39

Lebanon, Mass •'^9

Lewiston, N. Y....... 194

Longbraneh, N. J. .384-386

London, Ont 155-156

Long Sault Rapids,

Ont .....217-219

Luna Island, Ont 148

Littleton, N. H. 316

Long Beach, L.I 396

L'Original, Que 229

Lula Cascade, Mass.. 339

Lynn, Mass 336

Mount Willard, N.H. 299
Mount Webster, N- K. 299
Mount Franklin, N.H 300
Mount Kearsage, N.H 298
Mount Clinton. N.H. 300

Marshall , Mich 160

Maplewood Institute.

Alass 34-38

Massena Springs. N.Y 217

INDEX.

PA(}B

Michigan City, Mich. 164
Milwaukee, Wis.... 186
Minneapolis.Min.. 191-192
Minnehaha Falls,

Minn 191

Missisquoi Park, Vt.,

352-35J

Montreal, Que 233-256

Montpelier, Vt 3&3

Montmorency Falls,

Que... 276

Mount Desert, Me.... 324
Mount Elephantis, Q. 374
Mount Orford.Q ..... 374
Mount Mansfield,

Vt 3^5-366

Mount Washington,

N. H 292

Mount Lafayette.N.H 313
Mount Pleasant, Me.. 330
Mountain Honsc.N.Y. 28
Mount St. Vincent,

N.Y 13

M urray Bay, Que 289

Na< tasket Beach.

Mass -351-355

Newfeurg, N. Y 23

N'ewburyport, Mass.. 336

Newport, Vt 372-373

New York 398

Niagara, Ont 196-19^

Niagara Falls, Ont.122-152

Niles. Mich 16>

Nineveh.N.Y 48

North Conway, N.H. . 328
Ocean Beach, N. J. . . . 397
« >cean Grove, N.J — 3^7
Ogden.«burgh, N.Y.. 215

Oka, Que 228

Old Orchard Beach,

Me 333

Oneonta, N.Y il

Ottawa, Ont 229 233

Otego,N.Y 51

Otsego Lake.N.Y 53

Owl's Head, Que 374

Palisades, N.Y 12

Portage City, Wis.... 187

Porta«e,NY 114

Peekskill, N.Y 17

Perry's Peak, Mass ... .39
Pinkham Notch, N.H 298

Plattsburgh, Vt 376

Port Hope, Ont 207

Portland, Me 319-?23

Portsmouth, Mo 3-31

Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 26

Prescott, Out 216-217

Preston. Minn 188

Profile Rock, N.H.... 310
Prospect Park, Nia-
gara Falls 125-127

Pittsfield, Mass .... 32-34
Pontoosuc Lake, Mass. 39
Queen City Park.Vt.. 360

Quebec 263-275

Qveenston, Ont 195

I'AOK

I Redwood. N.Y 214

i Rhinebeck Landing,

N.Y . 27

! River Marguerite 288

I Riviere du Loup, Q. . . 281

Richmond, Que 289

I Rockaway, N. J 390

I Rutland, Vt 370

1 Richfic.d Springs,

I ,\ . Y 53

I Rockland Lake, N.Y. 16
Hound Lake.N.Y.... 45

i RyeBeach.N.H 335

I Saco. Mo 333

: Sandy Hill, N.Y 102

St. Anne, (jjue... 227

St. Anne's Falls.Q.... 279
Saguenay River, 282-288

Salem , Mass ,336

Salisbury. Mass ;i35

Sandy Hook, N J.... 384

Seabrook, N. H. 335

Sebago Luke, Me. .326-329
Seneca Lake, N.Y.lil-122

Sherbrooke, Que 289

Silver Cascade, N.H. . .314
Songo Kiver, M.E.'. .. 327

Sorel, Qio ., 259

Springfield, Mass 370

Stowe, Vt 361-367

St. Albans, Vt. .. .355-356
St. Paul, Minn....l90-l'Jl

St. Regis, Quo 221

Saratoga, N.Y 65-99

Saratoga Lake, N.Y. . 100
Saw-Mill River, N.Y. 13

Scranton, N.Y 49

Schenectady, N.Y .... 64

Shaker Village 39-40

Sharon Springs, N.Y.57-tO
Shawangunk Hills,

N.Y 24

Sydney.N.Y 51

Sing-Sine, N.Y 16

t-leepy Hollow, N.Y.. 16
South Beacon Hill,

N.Y 24

.Spirit Rock, Lake

Ohamplain 381

Spuyten Duyvil.N.Y. 11
Stoney Point, N.Y... . 17
St. Catharines.Ont — 152

St. Hilaire.Que 256

Swampscott, Mass — 336
Tarry town, N. Y ..13-14
Thompson's Falls,

N. H •. 300

Thorold, Ont 152

Three Sisters' Nia-
gara Falls • 141

Three Rivers, Que. ... 261

TadousacQue 282

Thousand Islands. .210-214

Ticonderoga 381

Toronto. Ont 200-206

Trenton Falls,N.Y.

111-112

INDEX.

XIX

Troy.N.Y 4243

TivoH.N.Y 27

Tuckerman's Ravine,

^N.H .; 302

Tunnel Station, N.Y. 48
Two Mountains, Que. 228

Unadilla. N.Y 51

Victoria Bridge, Q. .252-254
Vaasar I'ollegre. N.Y.. 26
Verplank'3 Point.... 17

I Wahconah Falls, Mass 39

I Waterbury.Vt ,363

iWatkin's Glen, N.Y.

l^xr . T. . 115-118

I West Point 20

I Whirlpool Rapids, Ni-

„Mnra Falls 136-141

I White River Junction,
Vt 369

I Windmill Point, Ont.. 216

«, , .. PAGE

Waddington, N.Y.... 217

Wavzata, Minn 192

Wells, Mass 334

West Point, NY.... 19-20
White Mountains,

N. H 290-317

Worcester, N.Y 57

York Beach, Me 334

Ypsilante, Mich 158

INDEX TO MAPS.

SrargT"!.^''^'"'"™""" "'''"■ Facing Page ii

Niagara Falls •••■••■.••••"..".'....!!!............'."."' •« i^

Lower St Lawrence and Saguenay River .< 079

White Mountains ".!!!*.".,'.'.'.'.";! •' 372

CLASSIFIED INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.

BAGGAGE TRANSFER.
Montreal Baggage Transfer Company ...

„ „ BOOKS, Etc.

W. Stanley, Quebec

CONFECTIONERY, Etc.
J. W. Tester & Co., Montreal

Ostell & Co.. Montreal ^"^^^"^^ "^^^^K^' ^^^-

_,. ^ GUIDE BOOKS.

Ihe International Railway and Steam Navigation Guide 356

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Henderson, J. & Co., Montreal

Lanthier & Co., Montreal ......,.*.'..*... *'^.

Renfrew, G. R.& Co., Quebec : •. T'

XX17

HOTEI£.

Alexandria Bay, N. Y., Crossman's, C. Crossman & Son Panorama

Beloeil Mountain . Iroquois House, Campbell Bros . panorama

Boston, Mass., Hotel Vendome, Col. J. W. Wolcot "... ". •"' oA'

Montreal, Richelieu Hotel, L B. Durocher Tn.>i,il*Wi r.

" Qf Ta.^,^^ TT 11 -r"^'""^ Inside Back Cover

St. Lawrence Hall, H. Hogan Tn„:H« w,„„t f,„

Windsor Hotel Inside Front Cover

Newport, Vt., Memphremagog House, W. F. Bowman Q79

Niagara, Queen's Royal Hotel, McOaw & Winnett '.'. 107 ^qo

Ottawa,Ont., Windsor Hotel, S.Daniels

Portland, Me., United States Hotel, W. H. McDonald!!.'..'.*.' .".".".'.*"].''.'.'* 331

I i

!(■

XX INDEX.

Quebec, Can., St. Louis Hotel, Willis Russell Back cover

St. Albans, Vt.f American House, S. I. Stroud 361

White Mountains, Profile House, TaflFts <fe Greenleaf G05-308

INDIAN CURIOSITIES, Etc
C C. Holland, Montreal viii

PAPER MANUFACTURERS.
Canada Paper Company, Montreal y

PHOTOGRAPHERS,
W. Notman & Son, Montreal r

PIANOS AND ORGANS.
Dominion Organ and Piano Co., Bowmanville, Ont xii

PRIZE JEWELRY.
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PUBLISHERS.
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RAILWAY COMPANIES.

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Canadian Pacific 208

STEAMBOAT & STEAMSHIP LINES.

Niagara Nav. Co ;, xiii

Richelieu & Ontario x'f avigation Co xxi

Southern Belle, Toronto xiii

THYMO-CRESOL SOAP.
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ADVERTISEMENTS.

xxi

Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co.,

ROYAL .^g^ MAIL LINE

Between Toronto, Kingston, the Thousand Islands, the ftir-

fbmed Rapids of the St. Lawrence Biver, Montreal,

Quebec, the Saguenay River, and Intermediate P jrts.

This Magnificent Line is composed of the trllowing first-class powerful side.wheel

Steamers, between

TORONTO, MONTREAL AND QUEBEC:

CORSICAN Capt. Sinclai

ALGERIAN

•CORINTHIAN

PASSPORT....

aUEBEC

MONTREAL..,
CANADA

Trowell

Ada

Irvine

Nelson

Roy

Duval

TROIS RIVIERES....Capt. CoUette

CHAMBLY Capt. Geo. Nelson

TERRK BONNE Capt. Laforce

BERTHIER .Capt. Jodoin

BOHEMIAN Capt. A. J. Baker

CULT I VATEUR Capt. Cameron

And several other Steamers.

Leave Toronto daily (Sunday excepted) a.oo p.m., on arrival of steamers and pas-
seneers from NIAGARA FALLS, and from the various railways West and North
calling at PORT DARLINGTON (Bowmanville), PORT HOPE. COBOURG
KINfiSTON, GANANOQUE. CLAYTON, ROUND ISLAND? THOUSANT)
ISLANDS, ALEXANDRIA BAY, BROCKViLLE, PRESCOTT and CORN-
y[{^J;-y<P^s^*nsii^ro\igh the romantic scenery of the THOUSAND ISLANDS bv

DAYLIGHT, hnth hv t-hp CanaAian antt A .».>.../...« OU.. l„ ; _.. .,■'

w.^„....-.o, ....V v^jjij-uc^ ituu j-nKt'y Li\.e./\L,,- iransterripg passengers for
quebec, leaving at 7.00 p.m., and arriving at Quebec next morning at 6.w a m
connecting with steamer for River Saguenay, forming one of the longest line's of
inter-water communication oh the Continent, and which for grandeur and variety
■of scenery cannot be surpassed, if equalled, in the world.

On or about Tune ist, for the convenience of Tourists, the steamer " ST. LAW-
RENCE " will run between Cape Vincent and Alexandria Bay, leaving the former
place on arrival of the trains from New York and Niagara Falls; calling at Clayton.
Round Island, and Thousand Island Park. Connecfions made at Clayton to and
from Gananoque by steamers of the Rathbun Company. (Sundays and Mondays

TICKET AGENTS, where Information may be obtained :

E. P. BEACH, 271 Broadway, New York.
AV. C. TALLMAN, 280 Washingitm Street,

„ Boston, Moss.

T. D. SHERIDAN, cor. Exchaiijro ami V/H«h-
iiigtoii Sfs., Buffalo, N V.
\j. BARBER. Niagara Falls, N.Y.
OEO. COLBORN, Clifton Home,

Niagara Falls, Can.
CORNWALL BROS., Alexandria Bay, iJ.Y.
<JRAND TRl^NK RAILWAY, cor. Jetteraon
and W .lodward Aves., Detroit, Mich.

J. H. WHITMAN, 97 Randolph St. Chicago, III
N. VAN HORN, 830 Chestnut Street,

' Philadelphia, Pa.

DONALD MILLOY, Toronto, Ont.
C. K. HATCH, Kingston, Ont.
R. A. uICKSON, m St. James Street,

Montreal, Que.
E. BROUSSEAIT, Richelieu Pier,

Montreal Can.
J. J. McCONNlFF, Windsor Hotel, Montreal,
A. DESFORUES, Agent, Quebec, Que.

AI.EX. MILLOT, Traffic Manager. J. W. BEA VDRY, Sec. and Trea s

jr» B* EiARF.IjLE, General Manager.

Company's General omce-S28 St. Paul Street, Montreal.

xxii

ADVERTISEMENTS.

I^UTHER Brothers,

Largest Manufacturers in the World

— OK —

fllE ELECTeO-PUTED JEWELBy

— CONSISTING OF —

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Campaign Badges, 5 & 10c. Jewelry.

-ALSO-

^RizK Y^<ommkm and fi^AiR Jewei^ry.

SAIiESIROOIIff,

204 BROADWAY, - - NEW YORK.

FACTORY,

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?s.

Ley

one,
ons»

Iry.

R.I.

ADVERTISEMENTS. " xxiii

TO THE AMERICAIV TRAVELLER.

The Rose - Belford Publishing Co.

Of 26 Wellington St., Toronto,

Would respectfully call vour attention to their choice and well-
selected LIST of BOOKS, by the most Celebrated Authors?
which are sold by the News Agent on all Trains and
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REV. E. P. ROWE.

A DAY OF FATE.-CIoth. extra, and paper covers.

WILL CARLETON.

fA^¥. BALLADS.— 8vo., cloth, black and eold
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XXIV

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ESTABLISHED 80 YEARS.

!i'

' I

G. R. RENFREW & CO.,

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ih-

-A.13 TJ3rLTi.s-cLa.?^Xy Lo-x*^ :E»3:?±oes.

LADIES' SEALSKIN SACKS, ULSTERS and DOLMANS,

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■A

PREFACE.

The All-round Route AxNd Panoramic Guide
OF THE St. Lawrence, and Western Tourists'
Guide, in its new form, has far exceeded in success
the most sanguine anticipations of the proprietors, and
they feel that their desire to publish such a book as
would meet the requirements of the American traveller,
in making the popular tours described therein, have
bqen fully appreciated.

They feel certain that the present edition will prove
still more useful and attractive than all previous ones,
advantage having been taken of suggestions made in re-
gard to alterations, additions and improvements.

Every attention has been given to securing accuracy
of detail so as to make this work a most reliable
and valuable Guide to Tourists, and the publishers,
therefore, hope to secure a continuance of support and
patronage. They still solicit suggestions which may
tend to benefit the work in future editions, and all
favours will be duly ackn wledged, and, whenever
practicable, made use of.

! '- i

ALL-ROUND ROUTE

AND

Panoramie Guide

OP THE

RIVER ST. LAWRENCE,

AND

WESTERN TOURISTS' GUIDE.

|ii

THE HUDSON RIVER.

IROBABLY no other river in the world presents
so great a variety of views as the Hudson.
Throughout its whole extent there is a combina-
tion of the finest views, and each turn in its course
reveals fresh pictures which serve to illustrate some of
the best scenery of the Old Worid. Some travelers
have pronounced the Hudson grander than the Rhine.
Certainly the unprejudiced opinion of tourists will agree
with that of Thackeray, who has given to this noble
river the verdict of Beauty.

The distance from New York to Albany is 1 50 miles,
and to Saratoga, the most fashionable watering-place in
America, about 180 miles. Several routes present
themselves to the tourist. In order to better view the

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 5

scenery, it is necessar that the trip up the grand old
Hudson be taken by oaylight, and we take pleasure in
recommending to the notice of our readers the splendid
steamers of the several lines which present themselves to
the tourist's consideration, commencing with The Day
Line to Albany, comprising the elegant steamers
^' Albany," lately built by the line, and the " Chauncey
Vibbard," which has recently been remodelled.

These steamers are indeed floating palaces ; for the
construction and appointments of the vessels, and the
luxurious fittings of the saloons, are not surpassed by
any other line of boats on the continent.

The "Albany," built of iron in 1880, is the latest
addition to the line, and is all that skill, experience and
money can make her. These steamers are sister boats,
and have three boilers below deck, each with a separate
smoke stack, being the first steamers ever constructed in
this manner. The dining-saloons are on the main deck,
and everything is so arranged that passengers can enjoy
every comfort. Leaving New York daily, except Sun-
day, these steamers make all the important landings
along the Hudson River, arriving in Albany in the
evening in time to make direct connection with all trains
north and west. During the Saratoga season a special
day boat express is run between Albany and Saratoga,
making direct connection with the boats.

THE PALATIAL STEAMERS OF THE PEOPLE'S LINE.

The only thoroughly comfortable and enjoyable way
of traveling between New York City and Albany during
the summer and fall months is by steamboat on the
Hudson— the Rhine of America. The picturesque

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

fi I

Iiiii

! I i

scenery of the Hudson, with its palisades, high-lands,
and ever changing panorama of beautiful sights has
made traveling by steamboat, between the Capitol and
the Metropolis, the popular route. The advantages of
traveling by steamboat over a ride by rail are numerous.
By the former way pure, fresh air and comfort are
enjoyed, and dust, cinders, heated cars, and over-crow^d-
ing are avoided. Nowhere in the world are there
such palatial steamboats employed in the passenger
traffic as sail upon the waters of the Hudson. The
majestic steamers of the People's Line, including the
famous " Drew," " St. John," and " Dean Richmond," as an
extra boat, are undoubtedly the most popular passenger
vessels plying the Hudson. The " Drew " is a magnifi-
cent steamer, and is the pride of the fleet of the
People's Line. "The "Drew" is of 2,500 tons bur-
den, and has sleeping accommodations for nearly one
thousand passengers ; though, as far as safety is con-
cerned she can carry twice that number. In addition
to the spacious cabins there are 2^4 state rooms,
arranged in double tiers, sumptuouslj'' furnished with fur-
niture of the most elaborate description, and lighted with
gas. The grand saloon is superbly furnished, brilliantly
lighted, glittering with mirrors and adorned with w^orks
of art, presenting a picture of refined and unequalled
luxury. The appointments are made with the sole aim
to make this river-palace comfortable in every respect,
and a journey up and down the river thoroughh'^ enjoy-
able, and it must be admitted that tiiere is no room to
make any improvements. What is true of the " Drew "
applies with equal force to her sister steamboats. These
vessels possess remarkable speed, and they frequently

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 7

make a trip between Albany and New York, a discance
of one hundred and fifty miles, in nine hours. These
magnificent steamers leave New York daily, from foot of
Canal street, Sundays excepted, at 6 p.m. and pass the
beautiful scenery of the Palisades before dark, arriving at
Albany at 6 a.m., in time to connect with ^rains north
and west.

The Citizens' Steamboat Company of Troy
leave New York from Pier 49, foot of Leroy street, daily,
Saturdays excepted, at 6 p.m. This line comprises
the new and swift steamers "Saratoga" and 'City of
Troy," which arrive in Troy the following morning, in
time to connect- m ith through trains north.

On the Sunday-night trip ♦^he Troy boats stop at
Albany to leave and take on passengers, the two lines
thus forming a daily line between New York and Albany.

The New York Central and Hudson River
Railroad, leaving Grand Central Depot, New York,
corner of Forth-second Street and Fourth Avenue,
affords another route up the Hudson.

The trip by rail can be made in five and one-half
hours. During the season, special Saratoga expresses,
composed of through Wagner drawing-room cars, leave
New York twice daily, excepting Sundays. These, in
addition to the numerous other trains, afford a frequent,
speedy, and pleasant trip to the great watering-place,
Saratoga.

THE WEST SHORE ROUTE.

While many suppose that both sides of the Hudson
River present equal attractions— and it would be hard
to decide which is the more beautiful— it is a curious

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fact that all, or nearly all, the noted summer resorts for
which the country adjacent is famous, are located on its
western bank. Thus, starting; from New York and fol-
lowing up the West Shore Route, we find the Palisades,
Tappan, Rockland Lake, Stony Point, Cranston's, West
Point, Cornwall, Lakes Mohonk and Minnevvaska, the
Catskills, Saratoga, Mount McGregor, and the Adiron-
dacks (in which the great river rises) all on the same
side, and all easily accessible by the New York, West
Shore and Buffalo Railway. In addition to these, the
magnificent cars of this route convey the traveler to
Lake George, Lake Champlain and Montreal, on the
north ; Sharon Springs, Cooperstown, Richfield Springs,
Niagara Falls, Buffalo and Chatauqua Lake, and make
close connections for all the White Mountains and
Eastern resorts, for the Thousand Islands, Watkin's
Glen and the lake region of Central New York. It is
thus emphatically the tourist route of the north, and,
realizing this fact, its projectors and managers have
done everything in their power to render it attractive to
this constantly increasing and most fastidious class of
travelers.

While traversing the most picturesque portions of a
State noted for its scenery, this railway is almost com-
plete in all details of construction and equipment of
any in this country. It is a double track, steel rail line,
with an unusually wide space between tracks, running
north from Jersey City along the west shore of the
Hudson to Albany, and thence through the fertile Val-
ley of the Mohawk and across Central New York, touch-
ing at Utica, Syracuse, and Rochester, to Bufialo and
Niagara Falls.

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide 9

The entire passenger equipment of the road was
especially designed and built by the Pullman Palace
Car Company, and is the most complete in all details
pertaining to elegance of finish, comfort and safety in
the world. The station houses erected along the entire
route from New York to Buffalo are architectural gems,
harmonious in color and design with the beautiful and
picturesque scenery through which the road passes.

The New York terminus of this great railway is at
Weehawken, opposite the heart of the great city, and
close beneath the height on which Alexander Hamilton
fell before the pistol of Aaron Burr. It extends for
more than a mile along the river front, and, with its
numerous docks and piers, presents nearly six miles of
working space, in which vessels of every description may
receive freights. From liere commodious and elegantly
appointed ferry-boats run to the handsome up-town pas-
senger station at the foot of Forty-second Street. As
the Express trains of the West Shore Route are also
despatched from the depot of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road in Jersey City, they are accessible from the foot of
Desbrossesor Cortlandt Streets in New York, and from
the foot of Fulton Street, Brooklyn. The passenger
from New York has thus an option of starting from any
one of half a do/en points, a great convenience when
one considers the peculiar position and length of the
city. Passengers are cautioned to consult official time-
tables in the Company's publications, or in the leading
newspapers, with the view to ascertaining just what
trains leave from and arrive at Jersey City station. All
trains leave from and arrive at the up-town station, foot
of West Forty-second sircet.

All-Ronud Route and Panoramic Guide.

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POINTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE.

Leaving New York by any of the popular lines pre-
viously mentioned, the steamer, the first twelve miles of
our upward journey, skirts along the Island of Manhat-
tan, upon which the city of New York is built. One of
the first objects of interest we see on the right hand, is
the handsome stone edifice of the New York Orphan
Asylum, where nearly 200 children of both sexes are
clothed, fed, taught, and ultimately assisted to find
respectable employment. The happy and contented
looks of these poor children are, perhaps, the most satis-
factory proofs of the success of this inestimable institu-
tion, which, founded in 1806, by several benevolent ladies,
has gradually progressed until it now occupies the stately
and comfortable house whose gardens stretch down to
the very edge of the water.

On the opposite side of the river, we pass by the yet
picturesque villages of Hoboken and Weehawken. We
say j^et picturesque, as their close proximity to that great
city which is daily traveling onwards would make one
imagine that the villas and street palaces of its merchants
would mar their rural beauty ; but this is not so. How
long this state of things may remain it is impossible to
conjecture, as large beer saloons, pleasure gardens, and
restaurants are daily being erected here.

Just above Manhattanville, a small village, and one
of the suburb? of New York, chiefly occupied by the
poorer classes of people, is Trinity Cemetery, where,
among many others, lie the remains of Audubon, the
celebrated naturalist, whose name has been given to a
small village, of about twenty or thirty acres, where
he used to live, but which, since his death, has been cut

All'Round Route aiid Panoramic Guide.

up into building lots, and still retains the aristocratic
name of Audubon Park. Just beyond this park,
building, surmounted by a cupola, and having
the south-west angle, may be descried amoni
This is the New York Institution for th(
Dumb, incorporated 1817, which is probably)
by any similar establishment in America,
its own grounds of thirty-seven acres, and
upon which the buildings (five in number, arranged^Tn*a "
quadrangle) are erected, is one hundred and thirty feet
above the river. This institution alone accommodates
four hundred and fifty patients, and is only one instance
of the open-handed liberality and discriminating fore-
sight of those in the State of New York, who do their
best to alleviate distress in whatever form it may appear
among their fellow creatures.

We here approach, on the same side, Fort Washing-
ton, or Washington Heights, as it is sometimes, and per-
haps more appropriately called. The residence of the
late James Gordon Bennet is built near the site of the
Old Fort. The ground is from five to six hundred feet
above the river, and the view from this spot is exceed-
ingly fine, the eye being able to trace the windings of
the Hudson River northward for many miles, whilst
southward the great city we have just left, with its
suburbs of Brooklyn and Jersey City, can be plainly seen,
though ten miles off.

We now leave the Island of Manhattan behind us,
having by this time passed abreast of the Spuyten
Duyvil Creek, which separates the Island from the rest
of the State of New York. The Hudson River Rail-
road crosses the creek by a long bridge laid upon piles.

12 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

and a station called after the name of the inlet, is
^r- immediately on the other side of the bridge. On the
opposite shore of the river that singularly beautiful for-
mation of rock called " The Palisades," commences.

From the summit of the Palisades a magnificent view
is obtained. High up upon the crest of the great
escarpment, one may stand, and look far away into the
west, and see the most glorious sunsets that ever changed
the sky to gold or fire. To the north lie the highlands
we are soon to pass, stretched out in the noblest panorama
for our view, and to the south the river flows on in a
broader stream, until on the eastern side the City of
New York begin-^, and the stream changes its aspect, and
passes between the crowded shores that send out across
it the noisy thunder of their busy life ; and palisades
and rocky hilk, ana long reaches of still stream, and green
pleasant banks, make a sudden end as the Hudson
sweeps grandly and quietly down to the sea.

The Palisades were known to the early settlers as the
Great Chip Rock. These rocks are from three to six
hundred feet high, and present the same bold front to
the river that the celebrated Giant's Causeway does to
the ocean. They extend abont 1 5 miles from Fort Lee
to the hills of Rockland county, and form a separating
hne between the valley of the Hudson and that of the
Hackensack, and such an effectual barrier do they pre-
sent, that the Hackensack River flows side by side with
the Hudson, but at a higher level, for thirty miles, and
at a distance of within two or three hundred yards.
The rock is that known as the Basaltic trap rock, one of
the oldest geological formations.

About two miles and a half above Spuyten Duyvil, the

All- Round Rouie and Panoramic Guide. 15

tourist will perceive a handsome stone castellated build-
ing. This was erected by Mr. Edwin Forrest, the emi-
nent tragedian, as a residence, and is called Fonthill. It
has now changed hands, and is a portion of the building
belonging to the Convent avd Academy of Mount St.
Vincent, as the surrounding neighborhood is called, hav-
ing a station on the Hudson River Railway. Two miles
higher up, we come to the flourishing village of Yonkers.
Near the river stands an old building, a portion of which
was erected in 1682 as a manor house, in which may be
seen a curious fire-place, formed of tiles illustrating Scrip-
ture subjects, 100 in all, and still retaining their fresh
appearance. The whole interior of the building serves to
mark the quaint, yet tasteful styL of house decoration
in early times. This building (with additions) is now
used as a town hall. Near the village, the little Sawmill
River runs into the Hudson. The whole valley through
which the Sawmill River runs is very beautiful, and the
angler will find the stream well stocked with fish.

Four miles more steaming through a strikingly pic-
tu:esque country, brings us to Hastings and Dobb's
Ferry, at both of which places the railroad, which runs
along the river, has stations. The division between the
States of New Jersey and New York strikes the river on
the left bank, just opposite Dobb's Ferry, and henceforth
our journey is entirely through the State of New York.
At this point the Palisades may be said to end.

We now approach a part of the river full of interesting
associations to both the American and British nations,
for it was about Tarrytown and Tappan, on the opposite
side of the nver, during the American revolution, that
Major Andre, of the British Army was hanged as a spy.

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after having been made fully acquainted with plans by
which West Point could be seized by the British troops ;
Arnold of Washington's Army, having turned traitor to
his cause. Major Andr^, who to the last maintained a
character for personal bravery, terminated his life as a
spy, whilst Arnold, after doing his best to deliver his
country into the hands of its enemies, escaped death by
placing himself under the protection of the British flag.
Major Andre's body, after lying interred near the scene
of his sad fate for forty years, was at last given over to
his countrymen, and now finds a resting place among the
great and the good men of Great Britain in Westmin-
ster Abbey.

The neighboring districts of Tarrytown and Irvington
are rich in associations of that greatest of American
authors, Washington Irving. About half a mile above
Irvington, on the right hand side of the river, may be
seen, peeping through the bower of trees that nearly
hides it from view, the charming stone cottage called
^' Sunnyside," the home of Washington Irving, and the
place where most of his novels were written. The cot-
tage was from time to time enlarged and improved,
whenever Irving had the means to do it, and it has now
become naturally one of the chief objects of interest in
the neighborhood. Many other beautiful estates are to
be seen around, and if time is a matter of no moment,
we can well advise the traveler to stop here, and spend
some hours.

Half way between Irvington and Tarrytown, and
quite close to the river, we pass by a conspicuous house
of white marble, built by the late Mr. Philip Paulding,
from the design of Mr. Davis, an architect of some merit

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Another mile and a half brings us to Tarrj'town, twenty-
nine miles from New York, seeming to invite the tourist,

Q
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with its white villas snugly perched on the hill-side, to
^arry for a moment in the town. This vicinity possesses

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1 6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

much historic interest, being on the debatable ground of
the Revolution, whence, arose the two orders of border
chivalry known, as Cow-Boys and Skinners. Andr^ was
here captured by Paulding, Van Wurt, and Williams, the
American Militia-men. A monument has been erected
to commemorate the spot. Sleepy Hollow, made famous
by the writings of Washington Irving, is a short distance
above the old brick-and-stone Dutch Church, saia to be
the oldest church in New York, having been built in
1699. The old bell still hangs in the tower, on v/hose
pointed roof is an iron vane which bears the monogram
of Frederick Philips, the founder of the church.

At Sing Sing, the next station on the line, thirty-three
miles from New York, the tourist may possibly exhibit
less anxiety to tarry, for, as is well known, it is the seat
of the Mount Pleasant Prison, belonging to the State of
New York. The village itself contains about seven
thousand inhabitants, and is nearly two hundred feet
above the river. The prison is built near the river and
presents a fine appearance ; that for males being on the
lower stage, whilst the building for females is higher up
the slope. It has been completed since 1830, and can
accommodate over 2,000 persons, the buildings having
from time to time been increased as more room was
needed.

Immediately opposite Sing Sing, the Rockland Lake
Ice Company have their depot, and employ a large
number of men each winter to cut and store ice for the
coming summer's consumption in New York. It is
curious to note that whereas New York is almost entirely
supplied with ice from this neighborhood, it is also
supplied with water from Croton Lake, which is hard by

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 17

Forty to sixty million gallons of water are contributed to
it daily, to supply New York with this necessary of life.
The water is conveyed from this lake, which is chiefly
formed by a long dam being built across it, through an
aqueduct thirty-three miles long, right on to New York.
The entire cost of this aqueduct was twelve million
dollars. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched
above and below, seven feet eight inches wide at the top,
and six feet three inches at the bottom, the side walls
being eight feet five inches high. A few more miles
travelling takes us past the small village of Haverstraw,
which gives its name to a lovely bay, and then past a
limestone quarry, extending along the bank for more than
half a mile, and two hundred feet in height, and which
must prove, from the number of men we can see employed
in it, a very profitable speculation. Two miles further
on, on thr western side of the river, is Grassy Point, a
small village where bricks are made ; and again, one mile
higher up, is Stony Point, where there is a redoubt of
considerable extent, and another on the opposite side,
at Verplank's Point, guarding the entrance of what is
called the Lower Highlands.

Three miles above Stony Point is Gibraltar, or Cald-
well's Landing. Dunderberg Mountain raises its tower-
ing head almost immediately in rear of this spot.
Directly opposite is Peekskill, a thriving village of some
five or six thousand inhabitants. The river here
makes a sudden bend to the west. This is called the
Race, and the scenery from here for the next fifteen miles
is unequalled in beauty. On the right we pass by a rocky
promontory called Anthony's Nose, whilst on the left or
western side, we have the Dunderberg Mountain already

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alluded to. Anthony's Nose is thirteen hundred feet
above the surface of the river. The Hudson River Rail-
way has had to tunnel under the bottom of this moun-
tain for a distance of two hundred feet. On the opposite
side of the river, a large creek can be seen, where vessels
of almost any size could anchor. The entrance to this
creek is guarded on one side by Fort Clinton, and on the
other, by Fort Montgomery ; the two so close to one
another that rifle shots could be easily exchanged. Fort
Montgomery being on the northern side, and Fort Clin-
ton on the lower. Almost immediately under the shadow,
as it were, of the former fort, lies the picturesque little
island of lona, belonging to Dr. C. W. Grant, and covered
in the summer time with vines and pear trees, in the suc-
cessful culture of which the worthy Doctor is supposed
to be unequalled.

A little way above lona, and but half a mile below
West Point, we come upon the Buttermilk Falls, caused
by the flowing down of a small stream into the river
below, and falling over the hill-side a hundred feet in as
many yards. This fall; when increased by any late rains
or swollen by freshets, welLdeserves the homely name by
which it is known, the snow-white foam truly giving it
the appearance of buttermilk.

Half a mile further up brings us to " Cozzen's Hotel
Dock " at West Point. Here the vessel on which we are
traveling stops for a while to land passengers who are
anxious to remain a day or so at Cozzen's comfortable
hotel. This, during the summer season, is a very favor-
ite rtoort, and much crowded ; travellers would do well
to make use of the telegraph a day beforehand to be-
speak accommodation, or they may find themselves dis-
appointed on their arrival.

All^Rouvd Route and Panoramic Guide, 19

This familiar resort of summer pleasure-seekers is
perched high on a cliff, the most prominent for many miles

along the river. Nothing could be more picturesque than
its situation, high up in the air, looking down upon the

20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

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noble river. It is several hundred feet above the water,
but so perpeTidicular are the rocks that it looks twice the
real distance. The view of the old building upon the
wharf, with the beetlirj cliff rising abruptly from the river,
and crowned by the elegant structure above, needs but
little imagination to recall the scenery on many parts of
the Rhine.

One mile more brings us to West Point itself, the
most lovely of all the lovely spots on the river. It is well
known as the great Military Academy, and is situated on
a plateau two hundred feet above the river. It was
established by Act of Congress, in ^ 802, and has usually
about three hundred cadets. The buildings, many of
them, are e.egant. Near the abrupt northern level of
the river is a monument, erected by the students of 1828,
inscribed " Kosciusko." A bronze statue of General
John Sedgwxk is erected on the parade-ground. He
was buried in Cornwall, Connecticut, and the statue and
tablet to his memory stand in the town of Cornwall, New
York.

Space will not enable us to enter fully into a descrip-
tion of the course of instruction pursued ; suffice it to say
that the fact of a young man having passed through the
course is a clear proof of his being an officer, and a gentle-
man in its broadest sense. The traveler may well pass a
few hours in this locality, and if he should happen to be
acquamted with any of the professors, or cadets in the
Military College, he will be enabled to go over the build-
ings, different galleries, &c., and judge for himself as to
whether the instruction and discipline kept up are not
likely to produce some of the finest military men —
soldiers that any European nation might be proud of.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

West Point is the centre of a host of .eminiscenes of the
War of the Revolution. Upon Its defences was concen-
trated the attention and efforts of Congress, and it
became one of the most important military posts in the
country. Here from Gee's Point, was stretched across
the River Hudson a huge chain to stop the passage of
vessels above this point. It was laid across a boom of
heavy logs, that floated close together. These were i6
feet long, and pointed at each end, so as to offer little
resistance to the tidal current. The chain was fastened to
these logs by staples, and at each shore by huge blocks
of wood and stone, Several of the great links of this
chain are preserved at the Point.

Reluctantly we must draw ourselves away from West
Point, and allow our steamer to plough her way once
more along the flowing current, and between the shady
and overhanging cliffs which give so much character to
the scene at this spot. A very few revolutions of the
wheel will bring us between the Boterberg Mountain
on the western side, and the rock called Breakneck, on
the eastern bank, forming an imj-osing entrance to New-
burg Bay, from which a series cf mountains, hills and
cliffs rise in succession, until they seem almost to shut
out all remaining nature, and to give the idea that one is
at the bottom of a large basin from which there is no
possible exit. Crownest is the principal of these moun-
tains, rising almost directly from the river bank to a height
of nearly one thousand five hundred feet. As the side of
this mountain is entirely covered with foliage, the aspect
of it in the summer time is most beautiful, and only to
be exceeded by the coup doeil in the commencement of
October, when the fall tints are in their richest and most

AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

luxuriant profusion. Soon after passing between the two
rocks, we come to a small town called Cornwall, on the
western shore. This is a place of very general resort
in summer, and is much noted for its many pleasant
drives and walks. Its nearness to the river, and to West
Point, makes it a very favorite place for travelers to spend
a few days, whilst many stay here a very much longer
time during the warm weather.

The Linden- Park Hotel is nicely kept, and well
patronized. Idlewild, well-known as the residence of
the late N. P. Willis, is a little north of the village.
Opposite is Cold Spring, fifty-three miles from Nfew York.
Here is Undercliff, the beautiful home of Geo. P. Morris.
Above this is Bull Hill, now called Mount Taurus,
1,586 feet high. Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet high, is the last
of the Highlands ; and when we consider the points of
history, poetry and beauty blended together, we can
assume that this fifty miles of scenery is unequalled by
any in the world.

Between Cornwall and Newburg lies the once pros-
perous, but now sadly decayed, settlement of New
Windsor. It is now almost entirely a collection of small
houses in great want of repair. On the shore, but higher
above it on the plateau, one can discover several large
farms with comfortable houses, giving the idea that
if there is decay below, there is prosperity above.
Leaving the tumble-down village either to be repaired,
or to fall into still greater decay, we will approach the
more flourishing town of Newburg, where the steamer
stops for a few minutes to discharge some of its passen-
gers, and to take up others, and we will employ these few
minutes in viewing the substantial streets and houses of

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 23

the town, which, by the by, we should have designated a
city, seeing that it boasts of a mayor and corporation of
its own. The first settlement at Newburg was made as
early as 1709 by some emigrants from the Palatinate;
since then, English, Irish, Welsh, Scotch and Germans

have followed their example; but of all these varied
nationalities the Scotch have, perhaps, done the most
towards making the place what it is. Among the large
buildings is an extensive flannel factory, in which a very
large number of hands are cfeily employed.

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AlLRound Route and Panoramic Guide.

Exactly opposite Newburg, is the more modest-look-
ing village of Fishkill Landing, from which place,
any traveller anxious to ascend the South Beacon hill,,
can do so with the assistance of any of the boy guides to
be picked up in the streets of the village ; and let us tell
the traveller that he had better avail himself of our
advice, and take a guide, or before he reaches the top he
may have repented of not having done so, as it is quite
easy to lose oneself in the numerous gorges and ravines
that are about the summit of the Beacon. As this is
one of the highest mountains about here, the view from
the top is most extensive and interesting. Far up to
the north the Catskill Mountains can be discerned, while
to the east the Shawangunk hills are to be seen. South-
wards, again, Boterberg and Breakneck, already seen,
guard the pass through which the river running at our
feet finds its way down to the sea. But it is time that
we should descend from our lofty position, and go on our
way up the river.

A broad, rocky platform, jutting out into the river, can-
not fail to attract the traveler's attention. This is called
the " Devil's Danskammer," or Dancing Chamber, and,
down to a comparatively late date, was used by the
Indians as the scene of some of their religious ceremonies.
For about the next five miles, we steam on through a
pretty country, though without finding anything striking
enough to draw attention, until we pass the little village
of New Hamburg, lying at the mouth of VVappinger
Creek, which is navigable for some distance up. The
railroad crosses the Wappinger by a causeway and draw-
bridge, and then pierces a promontory jutting out into-
the river, by a tunnel about eight hundred feet long

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

New Hamburg is a pretty little village, but nothing more.
About a mile higher up, and on the opposite side of the
river, 'is another village called Hampton ; then comes
Marlborough, two miles higher up still, with Barnegat
nearly opposite, on the right hand side, and again Milton
Landing two miles more, on the left hand side.
As these villages lie mostly on the high banks of the
river, there is not much to be seen of them from the boats,
but they act as outlets or ports to the country districts
lying behind them; and, judging from the numerous
comfortable-looking country-houses in theif immediate
neighborhood, must be tolerably thriving.

As already stated, these villages are hardly important
enough to require mention, but we now approach a city
of some twenty-five thousand inhabitants, rejoicing in
the peculiar name of Poughkeepsie. As we near this
point we pass Locust Grove, the summer home of the
late Professor Morse, of "telegraph fame." Pough-
keepsie is nearly half-way between New York and
Albany, being seventy-five miles from the former, and
about seventy from the capital of the State through
which we are passing. This " rural city," as an Ameri-
can writer has termed it, lies pleasantly upon its group of
hills, and overlooks a bright river-view. By day the
smoke of its busy mills and factories somewhat mars the
scene, but as night draws on, these light up the river like
beacons, and the sound of the ponderous machinery
and roaring furnaces greets our ears and tells of the
energy of the citizens. It was originally settled by the
Dutch, towards the close of the seventeenth cent'iry, and
is situated, like most of their river cities, at the mouth of
a tributary stream or creek. The village, as it was then.

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26 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

has much extended, and now occupies the large open
plain, about two hundred feet above the river. The
streets are broad, handsome, and well planted with trees,
affording in summer grateful shelter from the piercing
rays of the sun. Poughkeepsie is best known for the
very excellent schools and colleges which it contains.

Among the many public institutions located here may be
mentioned Eastman's Business University; Vassar College,
the munificent gift of Matthew Vassar ; the Riverview Mili-
tary Academy, Poughkeepsie Military Academy, Pough-
keepsie Female Academy, Cottage Hill Ladies' Seminary,
Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies. The State Hospital
for the Insane will, when completed, accommodate four
hundred patients. It is open for the admission of acute
cases of both sexes. The drive to Hyde Park, five miles
north, is one of the finest on the Hudson. The State
Legislature met here in 1777 and 1778; and the State
Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution met
here in 1768. An ancient stone structure, with loopholes*
built in 1705, and known as the Van Kleck house, is an
object of curiosity to the antiquarian.

Six miles above Poughkeepsie, after a sudden bend in
the river, we come upon some rocky and precipitous
banks. This used to be called by the original settlers
*'Krom EUeboge," but has since been Anglicised into
"Crum Elbow." Quite close to this, only higher up
the river, stands the village of Hyde Park, called after
a former Governor of the State of New York, Sir Edward
Hyde, who, we regret to say, did not leave a very satis-
factory reputation behind him ; his tyrannical and
unprincipled conduct being well known to all who have
studied the history of New York when under British rule.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 27

Rhinebeck Landing lies about two miles away from
the village of the same name, which was first settled by
one William Beekman, a German, who came* from the
neighborhood of the Rhine, and called the place partly
in honor of his birthplace and partly after himself. Imme-
diately opposite Rhinebeck Landing, across the river, is
Rondout, and Kingston, a quiet little village, which was
burnt by the British in October, 1777. The Delaware
and Hudson Canal, built in 1828, terminates here. Its
coal business makes this one of the most active business
places on the Hudson. The canal is one hundred and
nine miles long, and extends to the Lackawaxen River
in Pennsylvania.

Above here, may be seen Rokeby, the estate of the late
William B, Astor. Next above, is Montgomery Place,
built by the widow of Gen. Montgomery, who fel| in the
assault on Quebec, in 1775 ; and now owned by her
brother, Edward Livingston. Two miles above is Cruger's
Island, of great natural beauty and cultivation. Between
this and Hudson, fifteen miles off, we come upon a
number of large substantially built, and handsome
country-houses, with lawns of smooth turf stretching
down towards the river, and an air of luxury and wealth
pervading the whole estates.

Six miles above Rhinebeck is Barrytown, and four
miles above Barrytown is Tivoli, each of them possessing
a station on the railroad, though, like many of the other
villages we have had a glance at, small and unpretentious,
having, however, possibly a vast idea of their own im-
portance, as a great deal of the farm and garden produce
of these villages is sent up to supply the wants of Fifth
Avenue, and other districts of the great city. Opposite

28 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

I \

\i\ \

■.«'! ill

Tivoli, on the western bank of the river, stands a flourish-
ing little village called Saugerties, at the mouth of the
Esopus Creek. This little place boasts manufactories of
iron, paper, and white lead, and a fine flagstone quarry.
Two miles from Saugerties, we pass Maiden, which lies
backed by the Catskill Mountains, and about ten miles
on we come to the large village of

CATSKILL,

one hundred and eleven miles from New York. It takes
its name from the large creek which flows through it.
Sept. 20, 1609, Hendrick Hudson anchored "The Half-
Moon" here.

Passengers from New York by railroad, who wish to
ascend the mountains must alight at Catskill Station,
and cross by ferry to the village, and we sincerely recom-
mend our travellers to avail themselves of this trip. They
will find plenty of omnibusses and stages to take them
to the Mountain House, and the Clove, about twelve
miles off. We shall not attempt to describe the scenery,
which, at this point, must be seen to be appreciated. The
Mountain House is traditionally attractive ; its elevation
above the Hudson is twenty-two hundred feet, and it is
built on a flat rock on the very edge of a precipice nearly
4,000 feet above the river ! The view from the piazza
is truly wonderful. It is of a most extensive character,
embracing a region of about ten thousand square miles
in extent, portions even of Vermont, Massachusetts, and
Connecticut being, on a fine day, plainly visible, whilst at
least sixty miles of the Hudson River can be seen shining
like a broad silver belt at our feet. The sunrise and a thunder
storm are especial attractions at the Mountain House.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 29

The Prospect Park Hotel is situated on a terrace,
which comprises seventeen acres, elevated some two
hundred feet above the river. The main building is two
hundred and fifty feet front, with wing ninety feet.
Guests can find here quiet, pleasure, shade, and sunshine.
The fresh bracing air of the mountains makes Catskill one
of the pleasantest places to spend the noontide of the
summer.

Two miles from the summit is a rude cabin, famous as
the reported site of Rip Van Winkle's long nap.

Through years of mighty waves—
To wake to science grown to more,

To find the sign of another George
Swinging above the tavern door ! "

Thomas Cole, the painter, has transcribed some of the
beauties of this wonderful region in the scenes of his
"Voyage of Life."

"The most famous beauty of the region is the fall of
the Kaaterkill. On the high table-land of the South and
North Mountains lie two lakes, buried in a dense forest.
A little brook, making its way from these lakes, westward
along the shoulder of the Mountain, soon reaches the
edge of a very deep declivity, over which it leaps into a
deep pool in the centre of a great amphitheatre of rock.

"Gathering its strength again, the torrent makes a
second leap over huge boulders, which have fallen from
the ledges above, and lie scattered down the glen, dash-
ing itself into foam in its headlong fury. Tumbling from
one ledge to another, it reaches at length the bottom of
the glen, when, meeting the stream that flows from
Haine's Fall, the mingled waters hurry dosvn the stony
pathway through the Cove, and out into the valley, until,

i'-'-'ui

5|J,i''? i

! •!■(::

30 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

swollen to a wide stream, they glide placidly into the
Hudson at the village of Catskill. There is nothing
more beautiful in American scenery than this waterfall,
as it leaps from the lofty height, and dashes into spray
in the hollow basin below. The strata of which the
mountain is formed lie piled upon one another horizon-
tally, and through them the water has cut its way,
smoothly like a knife. Some distance above the margin
of the pool in which the fallen waters boil as in a cauldron,
there is a stratum of soft stone which has broken up and
crumbled in the dampness. Wearing away several yards
deep into the cliff, it has left a pathway all around the
Fall, from which you have a fine, view, and often, when
the stream above is swollen, through a veil of glittering
drops dripping from the rocks above. Exquisite as is
the effect of the whol6 Fall, when seen from the rocks at
the foot of its second leap, this last point of view is even
more striking. Standing on the narrow pathway, you
look through the great white veil of falling waters, leap-
ing out over your head and sending up clouds of spray
that float off down the gorge. Sometimes, when the sun
is shining brightly, a dancing rainbow will keep pace
with you as you creep around the semi-circle beneath the
rock. Here, too, you get an enchanting glimpse of the
edges of the Clove, down which the stream goes head-
long, and can mark the wild figures of the pines that
cling to the verge of the cliffs, and seem, with their black
spears, to pierce the sky.

" Upon the very edge of the precipice, close to the
narrow channel through which the fall makes its plunge
theie is a tree which has grown out from a crevice, and,
then upward until it juts out over the abyss. To this

IS even

All-Rojind Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 1

solitary tree, the lad who acts as your guide points with
his finger, and tells you of the adventurous young
woman, who crept out to the rock, and, clasping the
slender trunk of the tree with her hands, swung her body
far out over the Fall, and then, with a cry of triumph,
back again in safety.

"Beneath the second Fall the gorge is wild in the
extreme. On both sides, the mountains rise perpen-
dicularly, clad with a dense forest, and, throujrh the
shade beneath, the torrent roars ceaselessly among the
rocks."

Five miles from the Catskill Station, on the eastern
side of the river, we come to the large and handsomely-
built city of Hudson, the chief town of Columbia county
one hundred and seventeen miles from New York and
thirty from Albany. The city is built on an eminence
above the river, like many of the other villages we
have passed in our course. The streets are wide and
well laid out, and altogether the place has an air of thrift
and prosperity. The principal street is called the
Promenade, and laid out with trees and shrubs with
excellent taste. One side is built with handsome houses,
and the other is open to the river, and runs along the
bank for nearly a mile.

Leaving the city of Hudson, via the well-equipped
train of the Boston & Albany R.R., a distance of forty
miles brings us to Pittsfield, the County seat, charmingly
situated in the midst of great natural scenery, and
offenng to the tourist or traveler, many rich and rare
delights, each well worthy of special mention.

„;■ I

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

ill. ''^■•!ii

i! ■■■\
It !(

PITTSFIELD.

the many places in the Old Bay State made
famous in late years, either as seats of learning, or
for their '/arious attractions to summer guests,
none surpass the town of Pittsfield. Its six miles square
of territory occupy the very centre of the ** Berkshire
Hills," and though a little south of the " divide " that
separates the waters of the Hoosac and the Housatonic
Rivers, are yet over 1,000 feet above the level. The
centre of this central area rises gently from the general
level, and so commands most charming views of the
finest summits of the county ; the long and beautiful
ranges of the Hoosac mountains on the east, and the
mountains of Vermont, rise some 1,500 feet from the
valley at a distance of four miles each from the centre,
and the twin sum nits of the Saddle mountains, one
of M^hich is near 4,000 feet above the tide water,
look down upon it 1 5 miles away from the north. The
town thus claims within its own limits, or within the
easy reach of a few hours' drive, a large share of the " deli-
cious surprises" of Berkshire. It rivals the famous scenery
of Lenox, on its southern border, and Stockbridge and
Williamstown, places made classic by the pens and the
residences of Hawthorne and Holmes, Fanny Kembleand
the Sedgwicks, Melville and Longfellow ; the brush of
artists like Gray and DeHaas, and the life-work of men
like Gnfifin, Mark and Albert Hopkins, and John Todd.
Williams' College, the Hoosac Tunnel, Lebanon Springs,
the parent settlement of the Shakers, and also Lenox
and Stockbridge, already named, with many resorts of
lesser fame, are among the vivid memories and life-long
treasures of tourists and summer guests.

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 33

The city itself-for Pittsfield has compact business
streets, manufactures, churches, halls and other advan-
tages of our large cities, needing only its own act accept-
ing Its charter to make it a city in name-has its broad
tree-hned streets, adorned by many beautiful residences
ivith ample grounds, while its public and private
schools. Its church organizations, its railroad and tele-
graph facilities, and the rare intelligence, refinement and
wealth of Its citizens, complete its claims to the notice of
people seeking summer rest, or permanent residence,
busmess advantages, or the education of their children In
fact, we know of no place in any section of the country
that can compare with it in these respects.

Pittsfield can boast of many handsome public buildings
as well as stores and private dwellings. Many of the latter
are very noteworthy, especially those of the Hon. Thomas
Allen, ate President of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain
K.R. ; Mrs. Pollock's,-a beautiful residence, with magni-
ficent drives, walks, lawns, trees, shrubbery, etc. ; and
many others which our limited space will not permit of
describing, yet all of which should be seen by visitors in
order to be appreciated. Among the public buildings
worthy of notice are the Court House, a costly white
marble edifice, which reflects credit upon the city
and many handsome churches, particularly the costly
and spacious Methodist Church, and the Roman
Catholic Church, the latter by far the finest' in the
Western part of the State. Entering the beautiful Park,
located nearly in the centre of the village, the tourist will
observe a very fine monument, which was built some ten
years ago by Pittsfield's patriotic citizens, as a tribute to
her fallen heroes who gave up their lives in fighting for

I , ■ I';"

lM:\1::iir

34 AH-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide.

their flag, and in sustaining their country's honor and
liberty ; thig monument was dedicated with very impos-
ing ceremonies on September 24th, 1872. Directly
opposite the park will be seen the Berkshire Atht laeum,
a very unique building composed of iJlncstnne, Freestone^
and Red Granite. Pittsfield can well Icei proud of this
beautiful structure, which is not only a credit to the
village, but stands as a lasting monument to perpetuate
the memory as well as the generous liberality of j:he Hon.
Thos. Allen and o4her enterprising citizens of I'ittsfield
and vicinity, who have so liberally endowed it. We next
take great pleasure in calling the tourist's attention to

MAPLEWOOD INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES, PITTS-
FIELD, MASS.

The institution of widest fame in Pittsfield for nearly
half a century is the Maplewood Institute for young
ladies, which for over half that period has been under
the care of its present well-known Principal, Rev. C. V.
Spear. Its grounds, disinterested but admiring friends
liken to those of Yale and Harvard, partly, perhaps
because the shades of each are " classic," and very abun-
dant. Maplewood measures but six acres, but many of
its numerous elms and maples have yielded their grateful
and now ample shade for over fifty years ; and its pleasing
walks, and vases and flower beds, with many a rare
exotic, its luxuriant flowering shrubs, and its vine-
covered verandas, tempering the dazzling white of its
well painted walls and Grecian columns, with its charm-
ing statues and beautiful fountain, make it easily foremost
among the ladies' schools of the country in its physical
abode. The accompanying cuts, all from photographs,

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

a"
•A

M
H
H

O
O

All-Rottnd Route and Panoramic Guide.

i i^i:

i;„..ii;r

Ill-

save the largest which had to be drawn to exclude
the foliage so as to show the building, truly represent
t|ie place. Nor do these attractions, with the invigor-
ating climate of the Berkshire Hills, constitute its chief

u
o

■A

claim to superiority among its rivals ; a well filled library,
large cabinets of minerals, shells, and apparatus, and a
fine conservatory, afford their invaluable, and in modern
methods of teaching, indispensable aid to accomplished

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 37

tcaqhcrs in every department of a useful and thorough
education. Some dozen pianos and a full church organ
arc in constant use by the pupils in music, and their pro-
fessors are widely and favourably known. Its studio is

O
O

if
w

also well supplied with models and crowded with enthu-
siastic young artists, guided and stimulated by experi-
enced and able teachers. A skilful elocutionist gives
instruction in that most desirable department of a good

Il' '

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

El ill „

I I

education, while a suitably furnished gymnasium^ the
oldest, and still the largest for any ladies' school in the
country, supplies a drill and other exercise needed by
sedentary students scarcely more in winter and in storm,
than in the pleasant season of the year, it is not one
of the least of the advantages that Maplewood offers to
its students that its attendance, from the best families in
all parts of the country, is yet so limited in numbers as
to afford a most desirable medium between the larger
colleges and strictly family schools. With excellent
educational appliances as usually reckoned, the wants of
the individual p ipil are met, and invaluable opportunity
is afforded for intimacy of intercourse with earnest,
faithful, and accomplished lady and gentlemen instruc-
tors.

Correspondents seeking such a school will be promptly
furnished with its prospectus and catalogue on applica-
tion to the Principal. For several reasons the grounds
and buildings have been thrown open during the long
vacation as a summer resort. Competent and successful
managers have made an enlargement of its accommoda-
tion necessary, and now about one hundred and fifty
guests can be received. A competent manager, well
known to the patrons of Maplewood, will have charge
of the place during the coming season.

The drives in the vicinity are very fine, and probably
more beautiful and interesting scenery m.ay be seen by
taking a circuitous drive to the various points of interest,
than in any other. To leave Pittsfield without having
taken one of the drives referred to, would be one of the
greatest possible omissions on the part of the visitor ;
half a day is all that is required for this purpose, and the

ium^ the
)i in the
eded by
n storm,
not one
)ffers to
nilies in
ibers as
2 larger
xcellent
vants of
Drtunity
earnest,
instruc-

romptly
applica-
jrounds
he long
ccessful
nmoda-
id fifty
IT, well
charge

'obably
sen by
nterest,
having
of the
/isitor ;
md the

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 39

liveries in the city are first-class, and very reasonable in
their charges.

The most prominent places of interest are as follows :
Pontoosuc Lake, Balance Rock, Lula Cascade, Berry
Pond, Arethusan Streams, Fort Ashley, Lake Onota,
Perry's Peak, Lanesboro' Hill, Wahconah Falls, Ashley
Lake.

LAKE ONOTA.

Returning from Pittsfield to Hudson, the tourist may
wish to pay a visit to the Shaker Village at Mount
Lebanon, which he can do by taking the train leaving
for Chatham three times during the day, and connecting
with the Boston and Albany Railway, and after an
hour's journey of twenty-three miles, he v/ill be landed
at the Shaker Village itself. Space will not allow an
■extended notice of this remarkable village ; suffice it to
say that cleanliness, and all other cardinal virtues,
:reign paramount. Order, temperance, frugality and

40 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

i 1 M /

. . ' ..u

-I ! ■. .F;

Shaker worship, are the things that strike 'one's senses
on first arriving. Every one here is free. No soldiers,,
no police, no judges live here, and among members of a
society, in which every man stakes his all, appeal to the
courts of law is a thing unknown. In the case of a sect
where celibacy is the first and principal code, it would
seem as if such a society would of itself die a natural
death ; but yearly many fresh converts to the sect are
made, and not only among the old and those tired of
this world's pomps and vanities, but from the young and
healthy of both sexes. Happiness, peace, and plenty are
evident in all the villages of this most peculiar of all
religious societies. Mr. Hepworth Dixon has written so
fully about them in his interesting work, entitled " New
America," that we should reccn .nend the curious, or
those who have visited any of t^-^ir villages, to obtain the
book and "read them up,"

We must go back to our steamer at Hudson, however,
after this digression, and before leaving this interesting
town may mention that the village opposite, which has
the high-sounding name of Athens given to it, (though
for what reason, we know not,) can be reached by a small
steam ferry. There is nothing, however, to reward the
task of crossing, except, perhaps, in order to obtain a good
view of Hudson ; but as this can be done quite as satisfac-
torily from the deck of our steamer, we presume our
readers will not attempt the passage, but continue with
us for the next thirty miles of our trip to Albany.

The lighthouse seen on the western side of the river
on Four Mile Point, (that distance from Hudson)
marks the head of navigation for ships. About a mile
higher up, on the same side, is Coxackie Village, the

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 41

older portion of which is called Coxackie street and lies
on a large plain about a mile back from the river. New
Baltimore and Coyeman's are two smaller settlements
north of Coxackie, with Schodack Landing immediately
on the other side, whilst four miles higher up is Castleton.
Here the well-known sand-bar, called the Overslaugh,
is situated, a spot that has proved fatal to more
steamboats and vessels than any known place on the
continent. The country just around here is flat, though
apparently well cultivated. Soon after leaving this village
we approach a place, evidently of some importance as
the river has a busier look, and the banks are* more
thickly dotted with houses, and after a few minutes' delay,
we see in the distance, the thickly built city of Albany,
the capital of the State, whils| two finely constructed
railway bridges span the river immediately opposite the
city, one being used for passenger trains, the other for
freight trains.

Most of our tourists will desire to visit the celebrated
and fashionable Saratoga Springs, whose summer scenes
of gaiety and pleasure, and the medicinal qualities of the
waters of whose numerous Mineral Springs, have gained
for it a reputation almost unequalled. We shall therefore,,
continue the duties of cicerone, and pass with them to the
depot of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's
Railway, Taking our seats in one of their elegant
drawing-room cars, we speedily find ourselves leaving
Albany and passing by the Albany Rural Cemetery,
three miles above the city,— which is well worth a
visit, as it abounds in forest streams, across which are
thrown rustic bridges; here and there are cascades
which empty into a miniature lake ; and deep ravines,

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

through or over which wind walks and roads; forming the
most picturesque scenery imaginable, — we arrive at Troy,
six miles above Albany. It is at the head of tide-water,
and obtained its present name in 1789 ; and the adjoin-
ing hills took the names of Mount Ida and Mount
Olympus. The Polytechnic School, organized in 1824,
and endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer, and the
Female Seminary, take high rank among the educa-
tional institutions of the country. Troy boasts many fine
churches, public buildings, and private mansions, and
those who may desire to stay over a day in order to view
the surrounding scenery and visit the many sights, should
locate the..iselves at the Troy House, Messrs. Janvrin &
Gilles, proprietors, corner of First and River streets, where
excellent accommodation, gentlemanly clerks, and kind
attention may always be relied upon. The Troy House
is the leading and only first-class House in the city.
Recently refurnished — electric bells, telephone, telegraph
office, and every convenience that health and comfort
can suggest. Table supplied with all the delicacies of the
season. Attentive and courteous employees, all striving
to please. Location central — being among the leading
mercantile interests and public buildings of the city, and
within two minutes' walk of the landing of the palace
steamboats " Saratoga," and " City of Troy," daily line
to New York, and four blocks from Union R.R. Depot.
Troy has imm.ense iron-manufactories located in the south
part of the city ; and the famxC of her steel-works, stoves^
and rolling-mills is too well established to require an
extended description here. The establishment of Mr.
Erastus Corning, where Bessemer steel is manufac-
tured, is the largest of the kind in the United States,

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 43

and turns out annually thousands of tons of steel
rails. The original Monitor, whose exploits with the
" Merrimac " may be said to have changed the character
of the war-navies of the world, was in part built here.
The Troy horse-shoe, nail, and railroad -spike manufactoiy
is one of the largest in the world. Among the new
public buildings are the Savings Bank, City Hall, and the
new "Times" building. This last is of four stories, with
an iron front and Mansard roof. St. Peter's College,
built on Mount St. Vincent, is for the education of
Catholic priests. The Marshall Infirmary, Warren Free
Institute for Indigent Children, Troy Orphan Asylum,
Troy Hospital, St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, and the mis-
sion school connected with St. Paul's Episcopal Church,
are among the charitable institutions of the city. The
streets are laid out generally at right angles, are \\€^\
shaded, and kept clean. The cemetery is an exquisite
spot, adorned with stately monuments and works of art :
among these is a bridge of elegant design, by J. Wrey
Mould of New York City. The Griswold and Wool
monument, by the sa.ne architect, is to be of white
marble, and will cost at least a hundred thousand dollars.
The United States Arsenal is across the river, and
contains many cannons and relics of the Revolution.

The Erie and Champlain Canals here connect with
the Hudson River, and railroads radiate to every part of
the country. The Union Railway Depot is a magnifi-
c:nt structure, and was built by the great railroads
centring here.

DELAWARE AND HUDSON CAN/v' <:0MPANY'S RAILWAYS.

This company now control a system of railroads vrhich

extend to the many popular summer resorts of Northern

W^-;

All-Round Route and Panoramic Gvide.

New York and beyond. They comprise the Alban> &
Susquehanna Railroad, extending from Binghamton to
Albany, 143 miles, with the following branches : Nine-
veh to Scranton, 73 miles ; Cobleskill to Cherry Valley,
thr »ugh Sharon Springs, 23 miles; and Quaker Street to
Schenectady, 15 miles; making in all 254 miles.

The Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad, extend-
ing from Albany and Troy to Wiiitehall and Rutland,
10 1 miles; and Eagle Bridge to Castleton, 52 miles;
with a branch, Schenectady to Ballston, 15 miles, and
Fort Edward to Glen Falls, 6 miles ; making in all 174
miles.

TiiE New York & Canada Railroad, extending
from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, 1 14 miles ; with
branches, Fort Ticonderoga to > Baldwin, 5 miles ; Platts-
burg to Ausable, 20 miles ; and vVcit Chazy to Mooers
Junction, 11 mihs ; making in all 150 miles. These
three leased or owned lines make a total mileage of 578
miles, and form one of the best lines in the country, both
for through and summer excursion business.

Leaving the Union Depot, Troy, it crosses the main
channel of the Hudson, on a bridge 1512 feet long, to
Green Island. From thence it proceeds to Van Schaick's
Island, by a bridge 482 feet long, and from here across
to Waterford. The tourist can well afford to spend a few
hours here and visit the Cohoes Falls and factories. In
the early colonial times Waterford was known as Half-
moon, taking its name from the shape of the river-bend
at this point.

Cohoes, sometimes called the " City of Spindles," has
become one of the most important manufacturing cities
of the State. An immense water-power is here formed

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 45

of a

by the Mohawk River, which makes a descen
hundred feet. The Cohoes Falls, about a half-mile above
the railroad bridge, have a perpendicular descent of forty-
feet. Here are situated numerous knitting and cotton
mills, axe and edge-tool factories, which give a commer-
cial importance to the city, and employment to thousands
of operatives.

Mechanicville, thirteen miles from Troy, is a smart
manufacturing town. A monument erected to the
memory of Col. Ellsworth, of the famous Ellsworth
Zouaves, will be found in the quiet cemetery on the hill.

The new railroad route from Schenectady to the
Hoosac Tunnel here crosses the Hudson River upon a
magnificent double-track iron bridge. This line is
intended to connect the Erie Railway and Delaware
& Hudson Canal Company's railroad with Boston.

A fort was on the elevated ground at the north end of
the village ; and a few rods below this were two long store-
houses which did good service in Gen. Gates' campaign
of 1777, which resulted in the capture of Gen. Burgoyne.

Round Lake, nineteen miles from Troy, is a station
of comparatively modern origin. Ten years ago an
association of gentlemen connected with the Methodist
Church purchased a large plot of ground here, mostly
timber land, upon which they established a mammoth
permanent camp-meeting ground.

The grounds are handsomely laid out, and contain a
hotel capable of accommodating a hundred guests, and
some two hundred and fifty cottages owned or rented by
regular attendants at the meetings. There has been laid
out and biiilt at great expense, a " Palestine Park," some
five hundred feet in length : this is a copy in miniature

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

of the famous Holy Land ; and here are^ reproduced
on a correct scale the mountains, lakes, cities, and ruins
of that land made so dear to the heart of every Christian.

There is also a lake supplied with boats, &c., and a
mineral spring said to have superior medicinal qualities.
Several meetings are held here each year, and the attend-
ance generally is quite large. While it is strictly a
religious settlement, still all are welcome, and many find
it a pleasant and profitable place for spending the heated
summer months.

Ballston, twenty-six miles from Troy, is the
:ounty-seat of Saratoga County. The Kayaderosseras
Creek, which flows through the village, furnishes a fine
water power for the numerous paper-mills, emery-wheel
works, sash and box factories, &c., situated along its
banks.

The village has a population of about three thousand
people ; has many fine buildings, both public and
private, and is supplied h pure water, and good
schools, which render it a iesirable location for a
permanent home.

Ballston Spa derives its celebrity from the mineral
springs which flow here in great abundance.

The artesian springs flow from a depth of six hundred
feet through solid rock. The Sans Souci Hotel was built
many years ago by Nicholas Low, and in its plan and
surroundings does much credit to the taste and liberality
of the proprietor. It is 160 feet long, v/ith two wings
extending back 153 feet, and is calculated for the
accommodation of one hundred and fifty boarders. The
Sans Souci Spring, which is within the grounds of the
hotel, is seven hundred feet deep.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 47

SCRANTON AND BINGHAMTON to SARATOGA,

VIA THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY'S RAILWAY.

[RESUMING that the traveler has already viewed
the wonderful beauty of the Wyoming Valley,
en route from Philadelphia and the South, and
the many attractive places along the Erie from the West,
we will not stop to go over them here ; but will take up
our trip to Saratoga, beginning with the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company Susquehanna Division from
Binghamton.

The scenery along the route is of the finest description.
Traversing the beautiful Chenango and Susquehanna
Valleys, it affords convenient access to the Catskill and
Helderberg Mountains ; passing through the fertile
Schoharie Valley, it makes a detour around the foot of
the Helderberg Mountain to Albany, or crosses the
Mohawk Valley from Quaker Street to Schenectady,
affording the most convenient route to Saratoga, Lakes
George and Champlain, the Adirondacks, and other
famous northern resorts.

The City of Binghamton, sometimes called the
" Parlor City." This city is beautifully laid out on both
sides of the Chenango River, and on the north side cf
the Susquehanna. It was settled in 1784, and was
originally called " Chenango Point." Its present name
was derived from Hon. William Bingham, who was the
original owner of the land forming the site of the city.

The construction of the Erie and other railroads has
made of this a great commercial inland centre, and the
growth and manufacturing interests of the city are
increasing. The population is about sixteen thousand.

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All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide,

The court-house is a handsome building, in the Ionic
style, fifty-eight by ninety-eight feet, and was built in

1857.

There are many handsome public and private buildings

in the city ; and, as special pains seem to be taken by

the inhabitants to keep their places and streets clean, the

city at all times presents a fine appearance.

The State Inebriate Asylum, now converted into a State
asylum for chronic insane, is located a little east of the
city, on a beautiful and elevated site, eighty-two feet
broad by three hundred and sixty-five feet long. It is
built of stone and brick, in the Tudor style of architec-
ture. It owes its origin to the persevering efforts of Dr.
J. Edwin Turner. The citizens donated the farm of two
hundred and fifty acres, on which the building is erected.
Leaving Binghamton, and passing through Port Crane
and Osborn Hollow, we come to

Tunnel Station, fifteen miles from Binghamton.
This was the scene of the remarkable strife between the
employees of the Albany & Susquehanna and Erie
Railroads, a few years since, for the possession of the
former road, known as the Erie war, in which several
thousand men were engaged, necessitating a call upon
the State militia to maintain peace.

Nineveh, twenty-two miles from Binghamton. Here
a connection is made with the Pennsylvania Division of
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railroads,
which, with the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway,
forms a line from Wilkesbarre, Scranton, Carbondale,
and the coal-regions of Pennsylvania.

■ Scranton has a population of thirty-five thousand,
and since its start has developed rapidly, and into great

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 49

importance. It may be said to be in the centre of the
coal-mining region ; and near it, and on the neighboring
hills, will be seen numerous collieries teeming with life,
and giving emplo> ment to thousands of people.

The place take its name from the family of Scranton,
whose members were among the first to erect buildings!
and push forward those industries which now are its chief
feature.

The rolling-mills and bla ,t-furnaces of Scranton are
among the largest in the world, and annually turn out
thousands of tons of iron in different shapes and for
different uses. These works are well worth visiting, and
at night their roaring fires illuminate tue whole region,
and make a scene never to be forgotten by the transient
visitor.

The Dickson Manufacturing Company is located here,
and yearly turns out large quantities of machinery. The
locomotives made by these works have a world-wide
reputation, and are used on a great many railroads.

A visit to any of the numerous coal-mines in the
vicinity is well worth making. Visitors are shown every
attention, and the opportunity of seeing coal mined
should not be missed.

The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, a
similar organization to the Delaware & Hudson Canal
Company has important works here; and the round-
house surrounded by its network of tracks is one of the
interesting features of Scranton.

Leaving Scranton. with its ever-busy varying bustle
and life, we pass Green Ridge, where connection with the
Central Railroad of New Jersey is made, and the mining
villages of Dickson and Olyphant, where the Gravity Rail-

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WEBSTSR.N.Y. 14580

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All-Round Route and Panoramic Gvide,

road for Honesdale begins, and Archibald, and come to
Carbondale, the second important city in Luzerne County.
This city has had a rapid growth. It was incorpo-
rated in 185 1, and now has a population of about six
thousand. It is strictly a mining town : its interests are
coal, and its inhabitants people owning or mining the
article. The extensive car-shops of the Delaware &
Hudson Canal Company's P».ailroad are situated here,
giving employment to many men.

At this point the Gravity Railroad leaves the Lacka-
wanna Valley, and by a series of inclines passes over the
Moosic Mountain to Honesdale, sixteen miles distant,
and the great coal-shipping point, via the Delaware &
Hudson Canal. The empty cars are returned from
Honesdale by still another series of planes ; and the long
coal-trains thundering across the valley, up and down
the mountain-sides, seemingly without propelling power,
form a scene weird and picturesque.

The successful completion and operation of this road is
another of the great engineering triumphs of, the age, and
the work is well worth a visit.

Crystal Lake a beautiful sheet of water, is six miles
from Carbon dale> high up among the mountains, and is
a very pleasant place for spending the heated months.

Leaving Carbondale, and passing up the narrow valley,
we strike the Jefferson Branch of the Erie Railway, which
is used by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company as
far as Jefferson Junction ; from there we pass through
Lanesboro\ Windsor, and Centre Village, all small towns
whose interests are mostly in the lumber or leather busi-
ness, and come to Nineveh, where connection with the
Albany & Susquehanna Railroad is made.

All-Roim^ Route and Panoramic Guide. 5 r

Leaving Nineveh, we come to

Afton, twenty-eight miles from Binghamton ; an
enterprising little village on the north side of the
Susquehanna. Population, three hundred. Stage con-
nection is made here with Vallonia Springs, one mile
distant, which derives its name from the mineral springs
situated here. *

Bainbridge, thirty-four miles from Binghamton.
Population, foui hundred. This town was first settled
in 1785, by New England emigrants. Stage connection
is made here with Coventry, Greene, Bennettsville, and
Deposit.

Sidney, thirty-nine miles from Binghamton. Con-
nection is made here, via New York Sr Oswego Midland
Railroad, for Oxford, Norwich, Oneida, Fulton, and
Oswego. The Susquehanna Valley was first settled
here in 1772, by the Rev. William Johnston.

Unadilla, forty-three miles from Binghamton. Pop-
ulation, about twelve hundred. Stage connection is
made at this point with Walton, Butternuts, Delhi, &c.

Otego, fifty-two miles from Binghamton. This hand-
some village contains several manufactories, &c. ; is
situated at the junction of the Osdewa and Flax Island
Creeks, and the Susquehanna River. It was first settled
in 1800. Stage connection is made with Franklin,
Gilbertsville, Walton and Delhi.

Oneonta, sixty miles from Binghamton, Population
about twenty-five hundred. The repair shops of the
Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, employing about two
hundred men, are situated here. This thriving place
contains various manufactories of agricultural implements
foundries, mills, &c., four churches, and three hotels.

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All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide.

The first settlement was made 'here about the middle
of the eighteenth century.

Colliers, sixty-six miles from Binghamton. The
Albany & Susquehanna Railroad connects at C. & S. V»
Junction, one mile from this attractive little place, with
the Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, for

COOPERSTOWN, eighty-three miles from Binghamton,.
a charming village, the county-seat of Otsego County.

COOPERSTOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS.

JHE natural attractions of Cooperstown and the
lake region of which it is the centre, are in very
many respects so like those of the English lakes,
that no observant tourist can have failed to note the
resemblance. The general topography of the country
is nearly the same, save that the mountains about
Otsego Lake are less majestic and imposing. The
carriage drives in all directions are, however, equally
numerous, varied, and picturesque. By a sort of
triangular combination of these popular roadways,
Cooperstown, Sharon Springs, Cherry Valley, and
Richfield Springs have ^been latterly brought into
quite fraternal relations ; so that, during the height of
the season, the finest equipages may be daily seen passing
to and fro between these beautiful villages, recalling
vividly the brilliant pageantry and exhilarating scenes of
the "Trossachs."

The drive to Sharon]of about twenty-two miles affords-
one of the most sightly and commanding views in the
Empire State, and hardly to be surpassed by that from
the piazza of the Catskill-Mountain House.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

To Richfield Springs there are three roads, — one via
Oaksville and Schuyler's Lake, sixteen miles ; one jia
Three-Mile Point (Thayer's), Five-Mile Point (Tunni-
cliff), and the Lake Road, to "Island Cottage," (the
upper steamboat landing), and thence across the hill near
^'Wiantha Observatory," fourteen miles; and another
still, via Pierstown and Rum Hill, thirteen miles. All
these drives are exceptionally romantic and attracts'e,
revealing some new beauty at every turn. Between
Cooperstown and Cherry Valley lie three distinct high-
"ways, each about fourteen miles in length, and all
rendered attractive by their peculiarly quiet loveliness ; so
that, adding the two from there to Sharon Springs, and
that via Clarksville and Seward Hill View, there are
three approaches to Sharon Springs, of about twenty-two
miles each. To the east from Cooperstown are se- eral
roads leading through cultivated farms, villages, and
quaint little hamlets beyond, crossing frequently quite
lofty mountains, from whose crests far-reaching views
may be had. To the south, on each side of the Susque-
iianna River, and often hugging its pleasant, winding
margins, are to be found excellent roads, running as far
down as Oneonta, with convenient crossings at intervals
of two or three miles. In this direction, through tidy
villages, and surrounded on every hand with scenery
distinguished for its tranquil beauty, drives can be
extended indefinitely, at the leisure and pleasure of the
tourist.

Otsego Lake is a beautiful sheet of water, nine miles
long, and from one to three miles wide.

The water is very clear, and was called by Cooper, in
ills tales, " Glimmer Glass," on this account probably.

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Ill

Boarding ihe steamer " Natty Bumpo," and following;
the lake to its head, will be seen Wild -Rose Point, Five-
Mile Point, Gravelly Point, Mount Wellington, Clark's
Bay, all worthy of a visit. Arriving at the head of the
lake, the Concord stages for Richfield Springs, seven
miles distant, are met.

This steamboat and €tage route forms a very pleasant
way of reaching the noted Richfield Springs ; and many
avail themselves of the beautiful ride by boat and stage
through this delightful country.

At the landing good stabling accommodations are to
be had ; and visitors from Richfield or elsewhere can
either be served with a good substantial meal at the
cottage, or, if preferred, make the trip to Cooperstown,.
arranging en route for more formal dinners at Thayer's
or Tunnicliffs, and still be able to return in ample time
for the afternoon stages. The steamer makes four trips
daily; stopping on signal at all intermediate points.

The boat liveries of the village are not surpassed, either
in amplitude, equipment, or economy, by those of any
similar establishments in the State. During the past
year over eighty pounds of salmon-trout have been takea
in one forenoon from a single boat with hook and line,
and three hundred pounds through the ice in one day's
fishing within a hundred rods of the village. Nor is this
to be wondered at when we state the fact, highly credit-
able to the citizens of Cooperstown, that they have
expended nearly two thousand dollars in stocking
their lake with the very choicest varieties of fish.

There are many pleasant walks and drives in and
about Cooperstown, and the tourist who makes it his
home for the season will find it a " home " indeed.

All-Round Route and Pafwramic Guide.

THE HOTELS.

The Hotel Fenimore is a handsome building of stone
and brick, situated near the centre of t;he village. Con-
nected with it is a large cottage, with croquet-ground,
lawn, and extensive frontage ; the two accommodating
about three hundred guests.

The ctdsine is unsurpassed. During the season a fine
orchestra is attached to the house, which gives daily
concerts, and furnishes music for the frequent hops.
The rooms are large, and the house is finely furnished
throughout.

Guests at the hotel receive tne best of attendance, and
the class of people thronging its corridors give good
evidence of its popularity.

The Cooper House stands upon an eminence eighty
feet above the lake, thus affording the guests a fine view
of the entire extent of the lake. The house is surround-
ed by a park of nearly ten acres, which is handsomely
laid out in croquet, ball, and archery grounds, and is
plentifully supplied with shade-trees.

In connection with the hotel are several very handsome
cottages suitable for families.

The internal arrangements are very complete, — hot
and cold water, &c.

The rooms are mostly en suite, and are well adapted
for families.

A full orchestra is engaged for the season ; a billiard-
room and four bowling-alleys are attached to the house.
Good stabling-accommodation, and carriage and saddle
horses, are furnished at all '■tmes.

The house is under the proprietorship of Mr. S. E,

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All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

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Crittenden, whose reputation as" a hotel-manager is well
known.

The house accommodates five hundred guests ; and
each year finds it well filled, which is a good criticism on
the house and its management.

. There are other hotels and boarding-houses in the
village, which are well filled every year. The two hotels
above mentioned, however, are the most popular with
the travelling and tourist public.

HOW TO REACH COOPERSTOWN.

From New York via Albany boats or West Shore
Railroad to Albany; thence by the Albany & Susque-
hanna and Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Rail-
roads, to Cooperstown.

Travelers leaving New York by the night boats will
reach Albany in ample time for the morning express,
arriving in Cooperstown at noon.

From Bufialo and the West via New York, Lake Erie,
and Western Railroad, to Binghamton, thence by the
Albany & Susquehanna and Cooperstown & Susque-
hanna Valley Railroads, to Cooperstown.

From Washington and the South via New York,
Albany, &c., or via Northern Central to Elmira, thence
by New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad, to
Binghamton, &c., as above.

From Philadelphia via New York and Albany, or by
the Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad, to
•Binghamton, &c.

From Saratoga Springs and the North, via Albany or
Schenectady and Quaker street, on the Albany &
Susquehanna Railroad.

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

From Boston, via the Boston & Albany Railroad to
Albany, or the Hoosac-Tunnel route to Troy, thence via
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's Railroads,
and Cooperstown & Susquehanna Valley Railroad, to
Cooperstown.

Worcester, eighty miles from Binghamton. This grow-
ing village bears evidence of healthy prosperity in its
handsome business places and residences, its clean and
well-shaded streets, and its general indications of thrift
and good taste. It contains two handsome churches,
several mills, and other industries. Passing East Worces-
ter, eighty-five miles from Binghamton, we come to

RiCHMONDVlLLE, ninety-three miles from Binghamton.
Stages connect here with Summit, Stamford, Jefferson,
and Hobart.

COBLESKILL, ninety-seven miles from Binghamton.
Population, twelve hundred. The largest and most
important village on this section of the road: it lies
nine hundred feet above tide-water, in the Schoharie
Valley, so rich in historic and romantic tradition.

It contains four hotels, a printing-office, a bank, three
churches, a fine school-building, threshing-machine man-
ufactory, various mills, marble-works, &c. A branch of
the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad connects here with
Hyndsville, Seward, Sharon Springs, and Cherry Valley.

Sharon Springs, one hundred and eleven miles from
Binghamton, is situated in Schoharie County, N.Y., in a
valley about i,ioo feet above the level of the sea. The
streets are provided with good sidewalks, and are shaded
with maple-trees. The air is pure and bracing, and free
from malarial impurities : even in the warmest of the
summer weather, the nights are cool and pleasant for

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide,

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sleeping. The springs are easy- of access, within the vil-
lage limits, on the edge of a natural forest, abounding in
pleasant walks. The surrounding country is hilly, and
affords interesting drives and pleasant scenery. Sharon
Springs is well supplied with hotels and boarding-houses,
many of which have a well-established reputation for
excellence and comfort : among these, visitors can be
sure of finding comfortable accommodation at rates
conformable to every grade of expenditure.

This watering-place has been famous for many years
for its mineral springs, of which the most noted is the
White Sulphur Spring, which is not excelled by any
sulphur spring in this country. The water is used both
internally and externally : it is clear and bright as it issues
from the spring, and of an agreeable temperature for
drinking (48° F). In the bath-houses it is heated to any
degree required for bathing. The water of this spring is
particularly efficacious in rheumatic complaints, gout,
neuralgia, paralysis, cutaneous diseases, urinary difficul-
ties, indigestion, and biliary derangements. The benefit
derived in such cases has been remarkable : when the
waters are judiciously and fairly tried, relief is almost sure
to follow, and many cases of permanent cure are effected.
Malarial difficulties may also be eliminated from the
system by the use of this water in bathing and drinking.

The old bathing-buildings having been entirely
destroyed by fire in September, 1875, the proprietors,
Messrs. John H. Gardner a!nd Son, have since erected
new sulphur bath-houses on the same site.

The new establishment consists of an ornamental build-
ing in front, with two entrances, leading respectively into
the ladies' and gentlemen's waiting-rooms ; from these,

AU-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide.

doors open into the bath-houses proper, two long build-
ings, entirely distinct from each other. The ladies' house
contains forty, and the gentlemen's fifty-two, bath-rooms.
The bath-tubs (from the factory of the Penrhyn Slate
Company) are all of slate, selected for this use, and
particularly desirable on account of its non-absorbent
qualities.

The interior of the buildings is entirely finished in hard
woods, oiled. The exterior is of brick, and the roofs are
covered with slate.

The proprietors have spared neither effort nor expense
to make the new houses comfortable and inviting in
every respect. The White Sulphur Spring discharges
about four barrels of water per minute, thus giving an
immense supply, and obviating that hoarding of the
water in reservoirs or other receptacles, which is necessary
in many other sulphur-bathing establishments where the
supply is small. Here the water flows from the spring
into a small tank, about the size of a hogshead, from
which a steam-pump raises it into larger tanks (at a
sufficient elevation to serve the tubs), where it is heated,
and distributed to the bath-tubs. As the pump is kept
constantly at work, during bathing-hours, the water flows
almost directly from the spring into the bath-tubs, only
being retained long enough to acquire the necessary heat
in the hot tank. This is of great advantage to the
patrons of the establishment, as it is a well-known fact
that the water loses in strength and efficacy by being
kept in any way except in bottles.

The new baths were opened to the public in 1876, and
were universally commended, and pronounced to be the
best sulphur bath-houses in the country.

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Sharon Springs has also valuable magnesia springs,
whose waters are highly esteemed for drinking purposes ;
and, when thus taken, these waters act beneficially with
the sulphur water. "A blue-stone spring," near the
White Sulphur Spring (but entirely free from sulphur),
has, during the past fifteen years, proved so efficacious in
affections of the eyes, that it has been properly named
the " Eye-Water Spring." A chalybeate spring is also
found within the village limits.

There are resident physicians in the place who have
had many years of experience in the use of the waters.

The Pavilion is the largest hotel. It accommodates
about five hundred guests, and is pleasantly situated on
the summit of a slight eminence, commanding a charm-
ing view of about forty miles in extent towards the north,
embracing the Mohawk Valley and the Adirondack Moun-
tains ; and, in very clear weather, the Green Mountains of
Vermont may be seen. Several fine cottages are attached
to the hotel, which may be rented by families : there is
also a bath-house, for the convenience of patrons. The
best of attendance is given all comers, and its reputation
as the first house in the village is at all times fully
sustained.

Union Hall is another large hotel, accommodating
about two hundred guests.

There are several other good houses in the village,
among which may be mentioned the Rowland, Mansion,
United States, Empire, and Sharon Houses.

Sharon Springs may be reached by the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company, Susquehanna Division, from
Albany or Binghamton. The depot of the Susquehanna
Railroad in Albany is now located at the foot of Maiden

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Ail-Round Route ami Panoramic Guide,

Lane, in that city, immediately adjacent to the depot of
the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and
Boston & Albany Railroad. Two express trains run
daily to Sharon Springs, on the Susquehanna Railroad.
Through tickets and baggage-checks, via Susquehanna
Railroad, can be obtained in New York, Boston, and
Philadelphia. The trains make close connections with
the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, Boston
& Albany, Hoosac Tunnel route, People's Line night
boats, and Day Line steamers. During the season express
trains have drawing-room cars attached between Albany,
Sharon Springs, and Cherry Valley, through, without
change. There is also a through train that leaves Phila-
delphia in the morning, and arrives at Sharon Springs in
the evening of the same day.

Cherry Valley, one hundred and twenty miles from
Binghamton. Population, one thousand. One of the
prettiest little villages in the State. It was here that one
of the most horrible massacres recorded in history took
place. In 1778 the Tories and Indians butchered or took
captive the entire population.

Stages connect with Fort Plain, Cooperstown and
Milford.

Howe's Cave, i 14 miles from Binghamton, and 39
miles from Albany. This cave is one of the most remark-
able curiosities in the United States ; for beauty, variety,
and extent, it is only equalled by the Mammoth Cave of
Kentucky, with the advantage of being more convenient
of access, as the entrance to the cave is immediately at
the railroad station. This great natural wonder, extend-
ing for miles beneath the surface of the earth, is lighted
by gas.

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All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are
the Reception Room, Washington Hall, Bridal Chamber,
Chapel, Harlequin Tunnel, Cataract Hall, Haunted Castle,
Music Hall, and Crystal Lake, upon which are boats 'x>r
the transfer of visitors across this subterranean water.
The foot of the lake is brilliantly illuminated vCith gas-jets,
giving a beautiful view of the Crystal Waterfall and Cat-
aract. Beyond the borders of the lake are the Devil's
Gateway, Museum, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Giant's Study,
Pirate's Cave, Rocky Mountains, The Winding Way, and
Grand Rotunda.

Stalagmites and stalactites of varied and wondrous
forms are s:en on every side, assuming such shapes as
only Nature, the greatest sculptor, could suggest : among
these may be mentioned Lady Washington's Hood,
Washington's Epaulet, The Harp, and countless others.

The average temperature of the cave is about sixty
degrees during the entire year, seeming cool in summer
and warm in winter. During the extremes of hot and
cold weather, it is a luxury to visit it. The air is pure
and invigorating, and high medical authority has pro-
nounced it decidedly beneficial to those afflicted with
pulmonary or lung difficulties ; and in several cases
immediate relief has been experienced by those labor-
ing under temporary colds, and depression of the lungs.
No case is known where any person has taken cold while
in the cave.

The Cave House, an elegant stone structure a few
rods up the mountain from the depot, is situated immedi-
ately at the entrance to the cave. It is provided with a
well-shaded, broad, ^.oo\ piazza overlooking the fertile
valley in front and commanding a most beautiful and

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 63

picturesque view with Guernsey's peak as its background.
The house is elegantly furnished, has bath-rooms on each
floor, and is heated throughout with steam. Circulars
giving full information in relation to the cave, Cave House,
and surroundings, furnished on application to the pro-
prietor.

Guests may be assured of the most excellent accom-
modation at reasonable prices. Cavg costumes for both
ladies and gentlemen, and careful, intelligent guides, are
furnished visitors to the cave. The principal industry at
Howe's Cave is the manufacturing of " Ramsey's Hydraulic
Cement " from native material. This cement has already
gained a celebrity almost equal to the celebrated " English
Portland."

Central Bridge, 106 miles from Binghamton. Five
miles south on the Schoharie & Middleburgh Railroad,
lies Schoharie Court House, a place of considerable
importance as a summer resort. An old stone church
which was used as a fort in Revolutionary times may be
seen here.

. The town was first settled in 17 11 by Palatinate
Germans.

Esperance, 1 1 1 miles from Binghamton. Population,
four hundred ; settled in 17 11.

Quaker Street, i 16 miles from Binghamton. This is
the junction of the Schenectady Branch of the Delaware
and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad, which forms a
short cut to Saratoga and the North. Cars run through
from the main line to Saratoga without change. From
here the niain line passes through the beautiful suburban
towns of Duanesburgh, Knowersville, Guilderland, New
Scotland, Slingerlands, and Adamsville to Albany, where

III'

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

connections arc made for the North and East, also with
the River steamers.

Leaving Quaker Street by the branch, we come to

Schenectady, 131 miles from Binghamton. This is
one of the oldest towns in the State. It is situated on
the Mohawk, a broad and beautiful river which forms its
northern boundary. It contains twelve churches, and a
population of thirteen thousand. A trading-post was
established by the Dutch, in 1620. In the winter of 1690
the place was visited by a party of French and Indians,
under the command of Lieut. Moyne de St. Helene, who
burned the settlement, which consisted of eighty well-
built houses and a fort, and killed and captured the
inhabitants. The council-fires of the Iroquois were at
Johnstown Hall, about twenty-five miles west of here.
Schenectady is distinguished as the seat of Union College,
which is built on high ground that commands a view of
the Mohawk Valley for many miles. The college consists
of several brick edifices, including a fine chapel in process
of construction. Its president is Rev. Eliphalet Nott
Potter, D.D., who brings zeal, energy, and commanding
talents to the post. In numbers and respectability, Union
College has always ranked among the most favored edu-
cational institutions in America. From Schenectady to
Saratoga, twenty-two miles, the railroad, one of the oldest
in the United States, pursuing the valley of the Eelplace
Creek, passes along the bank? of Ballston Lake, called by
the Mohawks Wa-can-te-pa-/tah, and enters Ballston Spa
on a curvature of considerable extent. From thence it
continues across the Kayaderosseras Creek in nearly a
straight line to Saratoga Springs.

'e.
also with

)me to

. This is
tuated on
1 forms its
les, and a
-post was
er of 1 690
i Indians,
ilene, who
jhty well-
tured the
s were at
t of here,
•n College,
a view of
jje consists
in process
alet Nott
nmanding
ity. Union
ored edu-
ectady to
the oldest
; Eelplace
, called by
llston Spa
thence it
nearly a

S A R ATOG A

CRAVyrr for
Ohisholms"All.Roun(i Route,

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Templtj Grove Seminary.
Town Kail. 9 Waverly.

hit

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All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 65

SARATOGA, AND ALL ABOUT ITS HOTELS,

SPRINGS, &c.

^^HIS celebrated watering-place is a grand focus to
which the fashionable world of the United States,
and indeed of Europe, is annually drawn ; it is
thirty-two miles from Troy, and has a population of
about ten thousand. As we pass from the train we find
ourselves surrounded by crowds of pleasure-seekers who
flock to meet the new arrivals. Here are intellectual
men, stylish men, the beaux of society, and men of the
world ; ladies of social rank, the managing mother, the
marriageable daughter, the fluttering bee of fashion, and
the gentler bird of beauty, are found amidst the throng,
for Saratoga is cosmopolitan. The ladies have here
ample opportunity for the display of their peculiar
charms and graces. The sporting gentleman finds oppor^
tunity for gratifying his peculiar tastes, the philosopher
may study human nature in all its phases, and the invalid
may oft-times find that most precious of all gtms, perfect
liealth. In fact, to all classes, Saratoga offers some pleasure
suited to their peculiar desires. But laying aside our
moralizing we shall proceed to make our choice from the
many fine hotels of which Saratoga boasts.

The most fastidious taste could not but be gratified in
this respect, and among the elegant hotels situated in the
place it would be difficult to discriminate. We shall,
therefore, mention the principal hotels, some of which are
not excelled in any city in the world.

Congress Hall, situated on Broadway, extends from
Spring to Congress street. It has a frontage of 416 feet
pn Broadway, and its two mammoth wings, extending

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■ii;!

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

300 feet back, combine to make it a most perfect
specimen of architecture ; the foundations, which rest on
solid rock, were laid October, 1867. It is entirely of
brick, and has 7 fire-proof brick walls extending through
the whole structure to the roof. It is 5 stories high, sur-
mounted by a French roof with observatories at each end
and in the centre ; the wings are 7 stories high ; the
rooms are spacious ; the halls 10 feet wide, and 400 feet
long on each floor ; and broad, commodious stairways,
with an Otis elevator of the finest description render
every portion readily accessible. A front piazza, 20 feet
wide, and 240 feet in length, extends across the building,
with numerous others within the grounds, and a pro-
menade on the top of the hotel affording a charming
view, contributes to render the house attractive. The
two wings extend back to Spring street, and are each
two hundred and thirty feet long by forty-six feet in
width, givirg an abundance of private parlors and lodg-
ing-rooms. One hundred rooms with baths attached
to each were added last season, and , one thousand
guests can now be comfortably lodged and fed under its
spacious roof. Across Spring street, and connected
with the hotel by a suspension bridge, is an elegant
ball room. It is one hundred and twenty feet long
by fifty wide. The ceilings are frescoed in artistic
style, and it is brilliantly lighted by expensive chan-
deliers. The dining halls, parlors, etc., are superb
and ample, and every thing about the house is on a scale
of unequalled magnificence and grandeur, while the pro-
prietors, Messrs. Clements, Cox & Southgate, have
provided every thing that can afford comfort and
pleasure. Our cut of the hotel serves to convey a general

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 67

idea of its outward appearance, but fails to depict all its
elegant outline. The weekly balls given are of the most

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brilliant nature, and the music is furnished by unrivalled
orchestras.

All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide,

.1
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The United States Hotel is a superb establishment^
surpassing in size any hotel in the world, and equalling

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in magnificence the finest hotels of the most famous

All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 69

summer resorts of the old and new world. Its construe
tion occupied two years. It contains nine hundred and
seventeen apartments finished and furnished in the latest
style, with gas, running water, and every possible con-
venience. In addition there are sixty-five suites of
rooms, with bath-rooms attached. The grand dining
room IS very handsome and striking, being in dimensions
two hundred and twelve feet by fifty-two feet in width
and twenty and a half feet in height. The drawing
room also is an elegant apartment, handsomely fur-
nished and exquisitely decorated, and is eighty-five
by sixty feet. The Ball-room, however, outdoes both
of these magnificent apartments in splendor, rivalling
the most beautiful salons of Europe in style and orna-
mentation ; this room has dimensions of one hundred
and twelve feet in length, fifty-three feet in width
and twenty-six in height, and has been decorated
by the most skillful artists of the country with a
taste and skill unexcelled anywhere. The halls and cor-
ridors are broad and spacious, and when crowded with
the throng of promenaders which they invite, present a
most brilliant appearance. In this respect the piazzas
also offer great attractions to guests, from their unequal-
led extent, and the variety of scene which they afford
On the exterior of the buildings, facing Broadway and
Division street, these extend for a length of four hundred
and thirty-two feet, throughout three stories, and furnish
a singular vantage ground for view, as well as extraordi-
nary facilities for promenading. Corresponding with
them is a length of piazza on the interior side extending
for twenty-three hundred feet, which overlooks a court-
yard of three acres, tastefully laid out in shady walks

All-Roiuui Route ami Pauonvnic Guide,

beds of beautiful flowers, and" velvety lawns, to which
splashinfj, cooling fountains lend an additional charm.

This lovely spot is, of coure, a favorite resort, particu-

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All-Rouiid Route and Pamramic Guide. yi

larly when lighted up in the evenings, and the orchestra
of the hotel, composed of first-rate musicians, discourses
the latest and most fashionable airs. While lingering in
this pleasant spot let us take a survey of the noble pro-
portions of this palace, for such it may truly be styled,
and give an idea of how its eusembk strikes us. Bound-'
ing the court-yard on three sides it rises to a height of
six stories, and the free elegance of its architectural lines
in the modern T-rcnch style, leaves an impression upon
the observer of perfnct suitability to the precincts, and the
purpose for which it is used. Jieing in a mood for
further mspection, from delight with the interior view,
we proceed to take an exterior view of the whole build-
ing from l^roadway and Division streets, upon which it
fronts, and along the former of which it extends two
hundred and thirty-two feet, with six hundred and fifty-
six feet along the latter. Here the wealth of columns,
niches and attics, surmounted by the imposing Mansard,
and the whole crested by three handsome pavilions',
serve to deepen the impression already created. P:nter-
ing by the main entrance on Broadway, and being still
in the mood for inspection of details, we pass through
tne hall into the offices, roomy and commodious apart-
ments for the tireless workers of the business staff, who
are all courtesy and attention to our wants and inquiries,
and look in at the gentlemen's especial quarters— we can-
rjt s^y/innjits in the face of the fascinations to be found
L. other parts of the building; these embrace reading,
smoking and retiring rooms, of delightful coolness and
restful comfort. West of these, in the Division street
wmg, are the dining-room, and above it, in the second
story, the ball-room, already described. Returning to

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AU-Rojtnd Route and Panoramic Guide.

iiSIt

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the Broadway side, we are attracted to the drawing-
room, a beautiful apartment, furnished with the softest
and most expensive of car- ets, articles of rare material
and the most artistic and fashionable design, mirrors,
chandeliers, lace curtains, together with fresco-work and
ornamentation beautiful enough to satisfy the taste of the
most aesthctical. The ladies' sitting-room, which is op-
posite, is also fitted up in the same style. Ascending by
either of the two elevators, in constant use between the
several floors, our courteous cicermie from the office draws
our attention to points of paramount importance in the
construction of a building of this kind, and which are too
often overlooked for considerations more showy, but
really of less importance to guests, and points out the
fire-proof partitions which divide the whole house into
five compartments, each in this way perfectly insulated
from the effect of fire casualty in the others, informing us
also that on every floor of each compartment is a hose
from which a stream of water can be obtained at a
moment's notice, and that escapes are supplied by ten
staircases.

We are now conducted to the " Cottage Wing" which
the proprietors have made a special feature of the estab-
lishment, and requires more than a passing mention. It
runs to the south of the court, and in a westerly direction
from the Broadway building, for a length of five hundred
and sixty-six feet. The public had long felt the need,
in a hotel of this description, of some provision whereby
absolute privacy and seclusion could be obtained in the
midst of the gaiety and excitement of this fashionable
watering place, and the proprietors ever watchful, and
ready to anticipate and minister to such wants, con-

All- Round Route and Panoramic Gnidc. 73

structed the " Cottage," as it is suggestively styled. How
admirably this object has been attained, the experience
of numbers who have enjoyed its comforts and security
amply testifies. And how could it be otherwise ? for
here are rooms separate, or en sitite, from one to seven
with parlor, bath-rooms, and all the modern conveniences
and appliances, with separate table and attendance.

The presiding genius, i; we may call it so, of all this
completeness and attractiveness may be said to be the
Hon. James M. Marvin, a name which has associated with
It the growth and success of Saratoga, while the vast ex-
perience of Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage and Janvrin
in metropolitan hotels of the first class and in the most
fashionable summer resorts, is a guarantee that every-
thing that can possibly be done to ensure the comfort and
gratification of guests, will be accomplished.

The Grand UxNIOn Hotel is the great house of
Saratoga. It has a frontage of over 1800 feet. The
massive tower which rises in the centre is 200 feet from
the ground, and from the summit of it a landscape cover-
ing an area of 75 miles is revealed in wondrous beauty.
It is one of the largest hotels in the country, and accom-
modates 1200 guests comfortably. Within is a court
"/hich is beautifully shaded, and here a band plays
morning and evening. A vertical railway renders the
six stories easy of access to guests. The public rooms
are of prodigious size, and the office is most perfect in
arrangement. This monster hotel has piazzas, in length
over a mile ; halls, two miles ; carpets, 10 acres ; number
of rooms, iioo; and possesses every conceivable comfort
for guests ; interpreters being always on hand to receive
ordersand impart information to foreign guests in their

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All-RoHud Route and Panorainic Guide,

native tongue. Since the Grand Union's closing in 1875
upwards of five hundred thousand dollars have been

expended in decorating and re-furnishing, and it stands
without any rival for comfort, ventilation and extent of

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 75;

grounds. Its tables are always loaded with every-
thing the market affords, and nothing that time, money
or care can effect, will be left undone to sustain the
reputation which the Grand Union has already estab-
lished, of offering to its patrons all the comforts of
a first-class hotel.

Numerous improvements, which experience and good
taste have suggested, have been made. Among these
may be mentioned the following : the electric lights for
illuminating the garden and court. The building, in
which was the ball-room has been taken away, and the
grounds opened to Federal Street. The lessee of this
great establishment is Mr. Henry Clair, who is also
lessee of the Park-avenue Hotel, Fourth Avenue,
Thirty-second and Thirty-third Streets, New York
city. This beautiful building has six hundred rooms,
with accommodation for nine hundred people. It is
the only absolutely fire-proof hotel in America. The
court, which is a hundred feet square, has electric light,
is filled with shrubs in the winter and rare and
blooming flowers in the summer season. An interesting
feature of the house is its fine library, forty by a
hundred feet, with convenient tables, writing materials,
and three thousand volumes of the various departments
of literature.

Windsor Hotel.— This exquisite and recherche hotel
is located on South Broadway, and overlooks the
Congress Spring Park. It is owned by the Hon.
Henry Hilton, and is kept on the American plan.
The rooms are elegantly furnished, and all the appoint-
ments are perfect of their kind. A pagoda furnishes a
cool and shady retreat, where ice-cream and after-dinner

i ^: -

y6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gnide,

coffee may be indulged in, while the strains of the
Congress Park Band are waftedon the still air, entrancing
the soul with its harmony. Two furnished cottages on
the grounds are attached to the hotel.

American Hotel.— The American Hotel which was
built about thirty years ago, is on the corner of Broad-
way and Washington Street. The house has an excellent
reputation. It has a frontage of one hundred feet on
Broadway with spacious piazzas, and is within easy access
of the springs, post-office, and places of resort. It opens
this season under the most favorable circumstances,
Messrs. Farnham & Bush of the well-known REVERE
House, Troy, N. Y., being the proprietors.

Columbian. — The Columbian is a new structure,
pleasantly located on South Broadway, adjoining the
Clarendon, and will comfortably accommodate two
hundred guests. The house has a frontage of a hundred
and twenty feet, with a fine piazza which overlooks Con-
gress Park and Springs, directly opposite. It has always
been well patronized by summer visitors, and bids fair to
be more popular than ever during the season 1883, as it
has been leased for a term of years by Messrs. Harris and
Price, whose long connection with " Willards, " Wash-
ington, is a guarantee that the House will be first-class
in every respect. The rates are moderate, being $3.00
per day, and from $14.00 to $21.00 per week.

The House has been thoroughly refitted and refurnished
during the past Spring with splendid new carpets and
furniture, both of which are of the latest and most elabo-
rate designs, and guests can depend upon finding the
table at all times supplied with the very best the markets
afford, and all the delicacies of the season. The comfort

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. yy

of guests will at all times be considered in every respect
and we can in truth without fear of eontradiction, refer to
the vast improvements which have been made rft this
well-known hostelry, for we feel that they are well worthy
of mention, and the enterprise that Messrs. Harris &
Price have put forth deserves especial notice, as thev
have spared neither time nor money in making improve
ments, and they cannot help establishing for themselves
as well as the Columbian Hotel an enviable and
well-earned reputation among tourists and pleasure
travelers who may visit Saratoga during the season of
i«83. Upon entering the hotel, one will observe at a
glance that the improvements that the lessees have made
since assuming control of the house are not of an ordinary
character, as will be seen by observing both the exterior
as well as the interior, for every part of the house
from garret to cellar, has been thoroughly renovated
and all of the rooms have been newly painted and papered
the ceiling tastefully decorated. AH of the parlor halls
and sleeping rooms have been newly carpeted with
Brussels, three ply and in-grain carpets. Every room in
the house has been newly furnished, with elegant black
walnut for the office parlors, and upon the second floor,
while the third and fourth floors have fine ash and cottage
furniture, with beautiful wicker for the piazzas, etc
There are electric call-bells, in every room, and trusty
porters will be found at the stations upon the arrival of
all trains.

THE ADELPHI HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY
Among the numerous hotels at Saratoga worthy of
mention, we take pleasure in calling the tourist's attention
to the Adelphi, which is truly a first-class hotel in every

lil:^:''

■'I ■■

...1,

|ii!v:'iM

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

sense of the word. This new and beautiful hotel, situated
on Broadway, next to the United States, was built in
1 87 1. It contains about one hundred rooms, is elegantly
furnished, and has very convenient access to the promi-
nent springs. Its piazza is elevated a story above the
street, and commanding views are obtained up and down
Broadway, and of Phila street, directly opposite. The
proprietor is Mr. William H. McCaffrey, well-known to
the traveling community, who is untiring in his exer-
tions for the happiness and comfort of his patrons. He
has secured a multitude of friends from all parts of the
United States and Canada by his courtesy to guests ; and
the writer takes great pleasure in recommending the
Adelphi to all tourists and pleasure travelers, who may
pay this most beautiful and delightful of summer resorts
a visit during the coming season, and he can truthfully
say, from his own personal experience, that no pains
will be spared, by either the proprietor or his gentlemanly
assistants in the office, to make the " Adelphi " one of
the finest and best managed hotel-homes, not only for
those who wish to pass a few months at this most fash-
ionable of America's many attractive watering places
and summer resorts, but also for the tourist and transient
guest. The surroundings about the hotel are full of
interest ; the hotel is delightfully situated, fronting
upon Broadway, between the Grand Union and United
States Hotels, and in the immediate vicinity of nearly all
the many celebrated springs which here abound, and
have a world-wide reputation for their various medicinal
qualities, &c. It is the universal verdict of tourists
that no other watering place on the continent of like
size can begin to command such unvarying charms as

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 79

Saratoga. One might become almost tired of the world
and vote every other resort a bore; but Saratoga
scenery, Saratoga atmosphere, and Saratoga life would
still charm by their pleasing peculiarities.

The CLARENDON.-One of the most agreeable, aristo-
cratic, and homelike houses in Saratoga is the Clarendon
It was built in i860, and this house has always be-n
patronized by a choice, wealthy and aristocratic class of
visitors, many of whom, with the regularity of the
summer swallows, return year after year to the same
quarters under its ample verandas. Magnificent elms
surround the building, which faces Broadway. The
Washington Spring is within its ground, whose tonic
waters are highly prized by the visitors. At ni<.ht
the brilliant gas-jets and the sweet music of the ba'nd
render the gay scene very attractive.

AUSSAFESTA:-Glen Mitchel is situated at the ter
minus of North Broadway, and about a mile and a half
from Congress Spring. The hotel is famous for its wide
piazzas, its half-mile driving park, and its pretty walks
and woods, forming a very desirable place for picnic par-
ties. Game breakfasts and dinners are a speciality. The
drive from the village to Glen Mitchel, and thence around
by the Excelsior Spring, is one of the most delightful in
Saratoga.

THE ARLINGTON HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.

Amongst the first-class hotels at Saratoga which invite
more than a passing mention is the Arlington, which
though not of the same dimensions as some of its com-
peers, IS surpassed by none of them in style, comfort, and
attractiveness. It is situated directly opposite the

All-Roinul Route and Panoramic Guide,

IMi;

United States, and fronts on both Broadway and Divi-
sion streets, so that its situation is very favorable, being
in the midst of the life and gaiety of " the Springs," and
within easy distance of the railway station and all the
springs. Its dining-rooms, drawing-rooms, parlors, and
reception rooms, for both ladies and gentlemen, are all
handsome, airy, and commodious, furnished in the latest
style with costly furniture, and supplied with all the
modern conveniences and appointments necessary foi
comfort. Rooms may be had separately, or en suite,.
It has always been the headquarters for the commercial
travel, and has attached to itself a number of patrons
who visit it yearly during the summer, and each year
witnesses an increase in the number of those who hold
fast to the Arlington. The House is open all the year
round, under the management of Mr. J. P. Dennin, also^
proprietor, who has had over twenty years' experience
in hotel keeping ; and the rates are reasonable. Special
arrangements can be made for the season.

Empire Hotel, situated on Front Street, near the
Empire, Star and High Rock Springs. Waters free for
the guests. Moral and cultured people alone are in-
vited. Moderate charges ; R. D. McDonald, Proprietor.

Temple Grove. — This hotel occupies a block on
Circular street, bounded by Spring and Regent streets.
It is \vell managed, and possesses exceedingly
good accommodation for families through the summer.
During the remainder of the year it is occupied as a
young ladies' seminary.

There are several smaller hotels and boarding-houses,,
which are kept in excellent style. Among these are the

AlURound Routt and Panoramic Guide. g I

Everett H. ,se, Arlington, Holden House Wiverlv
Pav,l.on, VVhite's, Mrs. Wilbur's, Dr. Bedor ha's^S'
Co..eraal, Broadway, Mount Pleasant, Wa's^ ^n'
Hall. On Franklm street are, Mrs. Wicks' Mr,
Spooner'.,, N. B. Morey's; and on West Cont.sf s
I .tney s. Numerous others are in various parts o, he
own,_n,ore quiet than the hotels, with shaded ground
and p,az.as, and very attractive lawns for croquet and
other out-door amusements.

Having made our choice, we sally forth to see the
s ghts, and at once decide that Saratoga is a verv
pleasant and pretty village. We find itf streett wTdT
and well shaded with trees, while on either hand te
ofty and elegant structures. But our steps are dirlc ed
towards the "Springs," and as we visit, in turn hose
wonderful outflows from the bosom of mother ea^h we
are mformed that, for their improvement and utilisation

onts hell T""' ""'""'"'' S"^'°S^ »"Wbute

hlbUabirSe"-^^ "" ^""-' --y P-- of the

ITG SPRINGS.

The springs in . !.e Saratoga Valley are among the
remarkable nat> .w.,ities of the world. The waterl

which flow from t f,,ral r„nn=,>;. '"e waters

.. „i, 1 1. . , curiosities are known as

" chalybeate, and ac; ^sralinc" TK; j- • • . ''

frnm fi,. , i\.- ■? 'aiine. This division arses

f om the relative proportions of their particles, the con-
tituent ones being carbonate of soda, chloride of
sodium, carbonate of magnesia, hydriodate of soda
sihca and alumina carbonic acid gas, with occasiondly
races of lodme and potassa. According to the propor^
tions of these found in each spring, so is the name give"

82 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

. Each spring has its local history, which is interesting
in its discovery, and the subsequent efforts of the owners
to preserve and utilize it. The tubing of a spring is an
expensive affair, which costs thousands of dollars. This
arises in part from the difficulty of securing the carbonic-
acid gas. Materials, which would answer well in cases of
an ordinary spring, prove to be entirely useless with the
acidulous mineral water. Ordinal y cement, which answers
perfectly well with fresh water, proves no barrier to the
escape of carbonic-acid gas, and in time it will be taken
into combination with it.

Congress Spring, owned by the Congress and
Empire Spring Company. — Congress Spring stands at
the head of the numerous springs which abound in
Saratoga. Its discovery is thus related by Dr. Steel:
•'During the summer of 1792 three gentlemen were
boarding at Risley's, who frequently amused themselves
in hunting for small game in the neighboring woods.
One of them, John Taylor, a member of Congress from
New Hampshire, accidentally discovered a small stream
of water issuing from an aperture in a rock, the face of
which formed the side of the brook. On examining it
attentively, he found it to be a strong mineral water.
He communicated this discovery to his associates ; and
in the afternoon of the same day he conducted his land-
lord, with a number of other persons to the spot." It was
situated a few feet farther west, and on the opposite side
of the brook from where the spring now is. The water
issued from a worn hole in a large mass of silicious lime-
rock. The discovery was deemed an important one ;
and out of respect to the discoverer, and as a compliment
to the superior strength of the waters, the same was, by

All-Roimci Route and Panoramic Guide. 83

the consent of all parties present, dignified by the name
of "Congress Spring." It was tubed by Gideon
Putnam, and was first bottled, as an article of
merchandise, in 1823. It is situated in the Congress
Spnng Park, which is tastefully laid out with trees
and walks, and adorned with statuary.

The Columbian is in the same grounds, and but a
few rods south-west of the Congress. It contains much
more iron than the latter. While it has the same ingre-
dients as the Congress, it dififers in the quantity of the
articles held in solution. It occupies a distinguished
rank among the tonic waters of the place.

For further particulars concerning the analysis, etc. of
Congress and Empire Springs, we refer our readers to
a pamphlet issued by the Congress and Empire Spring
Co y, to be had on application to them.

The first spring tubed in Saratoga, but almost the last
prepared as an article of commerce, is the

WASHINGTON SPRING.

The Washington spring is in the grounds of the Claren-
don Hotel. It was tubed by Gideon Putman in 1806
In the year 1856 the ground passed into the possession of
John H. White; and in 1858 he sunk a shaft eleven
feet square, to the depth of thirty feet, through clay and
hardpan, to the calciferous sand rock underneath The
water was found to enter from the south-west side, and
accordingly a tunnel was excavated in that direction
At this point, while exploring with an iron rod, the earth
suddenly gave way, and the water and gas flowed into
the shaft with such force that the workmen had barely
time to escape, leaving their tools behind them at the

All-Rou»d Route and Panoramic Guide.

bottom of the pit. A second shaft was now excavated
at the extreme end of the tunnel, and protected by a
coffer-dam built with heavy timbers and plank ; but on

reaching a depth of twenty-eight feet, the accumulated
water and gas burst in the coping and again drove off the
workmen.

All-RoHud Route ami Panoramic Guide, 85

A third shaft was now commenced still farther to the
south-east ; but instead of the tubing which had been
before used, a curb was formed from ten-inch plank cut
into beveled segments. These were laid, one above
another, so as to effectually break joints, and then spiked
firmly together ; which formed, when completed, a strong
tube of wood ten inches thick, and twenty feet indiame-
ten This was continued with the excavation to the sand-
rock, where two fountains were discovered issuing ^rom
the same fissure within the distance of twenty feet. The
more south-western was selected as presenting the finest
appearance and as the loose ground was removed, a full
gushing volume of water, one inch wide and six inches-
long, came rolling and boiling out of the rock, bubbling
and sparkling with gas. The spring is chalybeate, and
the peculiar taste of iron is perceptible. Many regard it
as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga.

Near this there was formerly a fish pond containing
a large number of trout.

I'he Crystai, Si'Rixg is on South Broadway, in the
vicinity of the Columbian Hotel. It was opened and
tubed by C. R. Brown, the proprietor, in 1870, who also
built on this site a magnificent hotel, extending to Con-
gress Street, five stories high, with five hundred rooms
and twenty-seven stairways. It was accidentally destroyed
by fire in 1875.

Hatiiorn Si'RiXG.-This was accidentally discovered
in 1869 ^vhile workmen were clearing away the
ground for the foundation of the Congress Hall Block
which contains the ball-room. The waters are bottled'
It is a powerful cathartic, and is very conveniently located
on Spring Street, next to Congress Hall. It is named

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

wi '' ^ cssiSf''''l'

■'llliitii^

I' , ■

after Hon. Henry H. Hathorn^the owner, who also built
the xHagnificent hotel, Congress Hall. The spring has
been re-excavated and re-tubed at an expense of fifteen
thousand dollars, and it now rises for a distance of forty-
feet below the surface, from a fissure in the rock of one
by three inches. This fissure was drilled out two and a
half feet deep, and a hopper placed over the cavity.
The water gushes from this at the rate of ninety gallons
per hour. /he amount now put up in bottles is four
hundred dozen per day, which is sold for three dollars
per dozen. The Hathorn is one of the most valuable
springs in Saratoga. The water contains eight hundred
and eighty-eight grains of solid contents in a gallon, and
contains chloride of sodium, with bicarbonate of lithia.

The Pavilion Spring is located in the Pavilion
Park, between Caroline Street and Lake Avenue. It was
situated in a deep morass, whence it rose through an
alluvial deposit of over forty feet in depth. It was tubed
by Daniel McLaren, in 1839. A crib, fifteen feet square
made of logs firmly locked together at the corners, was
placed around the spring, and the excavation then fol-
lowed until the hard pan was reached. After placing the
tube, it was packed in the usual manner with clay. In
1869 the spring was re-tubed, and the tube was carried
down ten feet to the solid rock. Sulphate of potassa
and bicarbonate of lithia, in large quantities, are only
found at this spring. Great improvements were made
about the grounds by Mr. William Walton, who filled
them in, straightened the channel of the creek, laid out
walks, planted shade-trees, and constructed suitable
buildings [for bottling the water. While re-tubing the
Pavilion a^^^new spring was discovered, flowing from the

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 87

east : it has been secured, and its waters analysed. It is
known as the United States.

High Rock.— The High Rock Spring is considered
one of the most interesting among the natural curiosities
of the country.

Dr. Valentine Seaman, in his description of the spring,
observes, " The more we reflect upon it, the more we
must be convinced of the important place this rock ought
to hold among the wonderful works of nature. Had it
stood on the borders of the Logo d'Agnaus, the noted
Grotto del Cani, which, since the peculiar properties of
carbonic acid have been known, burdens almost every
book which treats upon the gas, it would never have been
heard of beyond the environs of Naples, while this foun-
tain, in its place, would have been deservedly celebrated
in story, and spread uoon canvas to the admiration of
the world as one of the greatest curiosities."

The following measurement of High Rock Spring was
made in 1856: —

FT. IN.

At the surface of the ground the circemference is
Diameter of aperture four inches below the top
Height of the rock above the ground - - - .
Water in the rock above the ground ....
Depth of the spring from the top of the rock - -
From the top of the rock to the water within - -

3
I

4
o

The High Rock Spring was visited by Sir Wm.
Johnson in 1767. He was then residing in Johnson Hall,
in Fulton county, about 30 miles from Saratoga. It is
said that he was the first white man who ever visited the
springs, and the first civilized person who used their
waters medicinally. He was carried thither on a litter,

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

E i

■:

by Indians, and, after a stay of a few weeks, left his bed
and returned home on foot. Our illustration represents
this eventful visit.

The walls of the rock are of nearly uniform thickness
throughout, In 1763 Gen. i^hilip Schuyler visited the

I ,

k'''"i.;!!''i^^iiillii

spring, and remained some weeks camping out. An
aged chief of the St. Regis tribe of Indians told the late
Chancellor Walworth that he visited this spring when a
boy, and that he was told by the Indians that the water

All-Romtd Route and Pmwramic G.Ude. 89

some of the,r women bathing in it when they ought not
to have done so, the water went back into the rock and

rn::;ortrto'''f ^^"t ^' '"^ '^P- '" -^^^ Seymour
Amsworth, to whom Saratoga is indebted for many of

her most tasteful buildings, and William McCaffrey "hen
the owners of the spring, removed the rock, and found
below ,t a chamber two feet in diameter, a;d ten eet
deep. Immediately beneath the rock lay the body of a
tree eighteen mches in diameter, ,vhich s«ll retained ts
form and was sufficiently firm to be sawed into sections
and taken out Several feet farther down, the body"

thousands Of year! tit^Lst; ^^ la ttet w^

harflnbfT"°";° '^"- They must ceSnT
^T J T. "'c *' ^"'■f^^<=-™^l< b<=gan forming.
ST.«._The Star, formerly called the lodrne has

ac.dgas,and .s part.cularly valuable as a bottling water
The spnng has been recently re-tubed. It Lntains
twenty grains of iodine to a gallon of wa^er

SELTZER.-The Seltzer Spring is about two rods

P oximi v't '■"' ^°^'- ^"'' ^""-^"^ ■" --^h clos

prox m,ty, ,ts waters are entirely different. An ingenious

contrivance here exhibits the flov of the waters and U

gas. It consists of a glass tube three feet in height, and

fifteen mches in diameter, which is placed over the

spnng, and through which the clear, bubbling wafe

gush s ,n a steady volume ; while, faster than the water

flow the ghttenng globules of carbonic-acid gas. Th's

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

'\<^:V'

flow is abundant and constant ; but every few minutes,
as the watchful visitor will observe, there is a momentary
ebullition of an extraordinary quantity, which causes the
water in the tube to boil over the rim. In sunshine, the
liquid presents a beautiful appearance. The character
of the water is said to be almost identical with the
celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, and is claimed
to be the only seltzer water in the country.

Empire Spring. — This celebrated and popular spring
was taken in charge in 1846. The tube is scribed down
to the surface of the rock, and is about eleven feet in
length. The fountain discharges about seventy-five
gallons per hour. This spring belongs to the Congress
and Empire Spring Company, who last year sold thirty
thousand dozen bottles of the water.

Red Spring. — The Red Spring is a few rods beyond
the Empire, and is located on Spring Avenue. Quanti-
ties of ferruginous deposits are found about it, which give
the water, when agitated, a red appearance, from which
circumstance it derives its name. John A. Carpenter &
Co., the proprietors, have had the spring re-tubed, and a
neat pavilion and bottling-house have been erected. It
is adapted to eruptive and skin diseases, salt-rheum,
scrofula, &c. ; and its general efl"ect is to tone up the
system, and vitalize the blood.

"A" Spring. — This fountain is located a few rods from
the Red Spring, and is rapidly growing in favor. Its
water is quite extensively bottled for sale. Public atten-
tion was called to this spring in 1867, when the orifice
was tubed down to a depth of thirty-two feet upon the
solid rock ; and the stream has since flowed in great
purity. The Saratoga " A " water is one of the most

All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. 91

effectual mineral sprii. js found on either continent. The
analysis shows four times the strength of Baden Baden
and three times greater than the Kissingen of Bavaria. '
The Excelsior Spring and Park is about one mile
east of the Passenger Depot at Saratoga Springs
situated in a beautiful valley, skirted on one side
by a large and picturesque piece of woods, and is
one of the most delightful spots to visit at Saratoga.
The Excelsior is reached by passing up Spring Avenue,
which has lately been graded and handsomely laid out
1 he scenery here is most romantic. The water-works
and Loughberry Lake are in this vicinity

The Geyser or Spouting Spring, is situated about
a mile and a half from the village, It was discovered in
1870. Appearance of a spring in the vicinity led to
the sinking of a shaft through solid rock 140 feet deep
when the waters burst forth and spouted a considerable
distance from the surface. The water is exceedingly
cold, being only 14 degrees above the freezing point,
l^or Dyspepsia this water is unrivaled, as it contains
more Soda and Magnesia combined (220,575 grains)
than any other Saratoga spring water, and should be
taken with or after meals. A high authority says :
' 1 he Geyser Spring Water is the best adapted for Liver
and Kidney Diseases, and is applicable to a greater
number of persons than any Spring at Saratoga "

For many years the Ellis Spring (named after Robert
Ellis, Esq., a highly respected citizen, and its late owner)
was known ; but it was of little importance when com-
pared with the larger springs in its immediate vicinity,
l^inally preparations were made by Messrs. Vail & Seary
the owners of the bolt-factory, to bore for a better

■' .1 ;

92 A//- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

development of the spring. After sinking a shaft through
the soHd rock a hundred and thirty- two feet, they struck

the mineral vein, when the water burst forth, and spouted

: through
2y struck

C9)

I ^

All-Roimd Route aud Panoramic Guide. 93

several feet above the surface. The rock formation
proved to be a stratum of slate, eighty feet thick, b^ne th
wh.ch was a deposit of bird s-eye limestone, in .hiTh he

spouted

mntral vem was struck. The tubing is block-tin pipe,
two nches m d.ameter, incased with iron. The temper-
ature of the spnng ,s only fourteen degrees above the

iliip

'H.''

ii'ilipW-

All-Rptind Route and Panoramic Guide.

freezing point. The water is more strongly impregnated
witii mineral and medicinal substances than any other
"known.

The beautiful grounds, as well as the spring and bot-
tling house, are open to visitors. They are privileged
to drink the waters, examine the process of bottling,
wander through the grounds, lounge on the seats, row on
the pretty lake, take lunch under the awnings, and
admire the beautiful waterfall, where the silvery stream
takes a leap of twenty-five or thirty feet down into a
shady dell. Twenty-seven omnibuses are daily em-
ployed, during the season, in bringing visitors from the
village to the spring ; and thousands of visitors have
recorded their names on the register in a single season,

An artistic basin in the spring house sustains the iron
pipe, and from this; rises the effervescent water. An
opening in the ceiling allows it full play, and here it
constantly rises and falls. The globe on the well-curb,
through which the stream of water flows, enables one to
see the thick current of gas as it rises and escapes at the
top. The water is put up in pint and quart bottles, also
in tin-lined barrels of thirty gallons each, and is exported
all over the world.

The Vichy. — Opposite the Geyser, in the midst of
the park, which embraces a beautiful lawn sloping down
to Geyser Lake, is the Saratoga Vichy Spring. The
rock was here drilled to the depth of one hundred and
eighty-two feet before water was struck, when it spouted
out to a height of thirty feet. It was opened in 1872.
This is an alkaline water, while most of the springs are
saline ; that is, the alkaline properties — lithia, soda,
magnesia overbalance the chloride of sodium, or salt,

M-Ro,md Route and Pafwnmic Guide. 95

and is therefore recommended in an entirely different
class of cases. It is found to be a cure for dyspeZ
and tones up the system. "y»pepsia,

Geterl'd'irt^l'"'',^'"''"^ "^^ '"^^^^^'^^ near the
Peyser, and, like it, is also a spouting spring.

THE CHAMPION SPOUTING SPRING.
Among the new features of attractions to the thou
sands of people who visit Saratoga, is the " Champion
Spouting Spring," which is most justly considered' he

rYsort anr°:' ^' T"'' °' "''^ '^^'^'"'^'^ Summe
resort and watering-place. It was discovered in August

mile from the principal hotels of the village

After a careful observation of the surface of the
ground, the indications were such as to invite a deepe
search, which it was hoped would reveal a hitherto
unknown Fountain of Healing. nitnerto

The work of boring was commenced and continued at
a large expenditure of money, until the depth of 300 fee
was reached, passing through slate rock, limestone and
magnesian 1 me, beneath which was found an oli^S of
SIX mches h depth, in which the „«W/ i^runs

^leaa of all the mineral waters of Saratoga

On reaching this cavity the water burst forth with
g eat force, throwing a column six and one half inches „

o Z: The S^ '^'^'" °' '"^"'^-«^^ ^-' ^^-e t,^
^uheH J ^""^ "'' *^" =="-^''""y «"d securely
tubed and cemented, that it might be protected against
any impurity from fresh or surface water

The tube being two inches in diameter is carried ten

All-Roiiud Route and Panoramic Guide.

feet above the surface, on the top of which is attached a
tapering tube with a quarter inch opening, through

THE CHAMPION iSI'I{l.\(!.

which the water continually spouts to the height of 30 to
35 feet. By removing the small tube, a column of foam-
ing and sparkling water is permitted to escape with

All-Iiound Route ,md Panommic Guide. 9;

much greater force, being thrown into the air to the
he,ght of 80 to :oo feet, and every af,cr,u,o„ a.fivlZ
du^,ns tl.su.n„ur. a large company gathers tf witnts

or Iceland Geysers. In the winter the water freezes
around the tube, and frequently forms a pyrami. ofsoS
and vanegated ice, thirty or forty feet hfgh, and four or

cates the general appearance of the Spring, day and
n.gh throughout the year. The surroundings have been
beautified, and now offer all the attractions li the ,lder
oprings. ^^

Prof. C. f. Chanukr, of the Columbia College School
of M.nes, one of the best analyti al chemists in che
county. v,s,ted this Spring shortly after its discovery!
and from analysis, made from the water taken by him a
the ,me .t exhibits a combination of medicinal qua.Uies
not found m so rich a proportion in any other Spring.

The Champion Spouting Spring water contains a

InTIrT f ""'""'" ""' ^"^ "'"" ""^ ^""^ Spring,
and holds the heavy and valuable minerals embraced t

ts composition, in perfect solution, thus rendering it
impervious to the effects of age or climate.

ha gi^rthf <!' "" "'^""^ "^'"^ P^^^^""'g <''-««-
and f W I """^ ^'''' '■'™^ ^'* professional men
and others, whose occupations are sedentary

It ha-, been found an invaluable remedy in the treat
ment of cutaneous diseases, scrofuU- of every type, liver
complaint, dyspepsia, bilious complaints, acidity rf the
stomach, nausea, rheumatism and neuralgia. It . a
most excellent preventive of fevers and bilious dis!
orders, so common in the malarial districts of our

m'^'-^

fPPi*;

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

country ; and it is a well-known fact that distinguished
physicians have strongly advised the use of natural
mineral waters in such districts, for drinking purposes
as far as possible, in place of the local fresh water.
Owing to the large amount of lithia, magnesia and
bi-carbonate of lime it contains, it is highly commended ;
also, for Bright's disease of the kidneys, and all diseases
of the bladder.

These spouting springs have become a great feature
in Saratoga. Tapped at vast depths, they send forth
from concealed caverns columns of water and gas from
twenty to sixty feet high. Ballston Avenue, eighty feet
wide, has been laid out from the village to this spot.
The Geyser Park, which consists of about a hundred
acres, invites the visitor to rest by its numerous chairs
and rustic seats, placed in shady grottos, or overlooking
the landscape. The ./hole of this interesting region is
fast becoming one of Saratoga's greatest attractions.

In addition to the above may be mentioned the Crys-
tal, Hamilton, Putnam, Triton, Spouting, Flat Rock,
Magnetic, Eureka, White Sulphur, Iron, and Diamond
Springs, which are all worthy a visit, on account of their
curative properties.

We have now shown the tourist, and explained to
him, the nature of the wonders which annually attract
such immense throngs to Saratoga, increasing as " the
season" reaches its height, until the village from a regular
population of about 10,000 has within its boundaries
over 30,000. We now take pleasure in calling the visitor's
attention to Saratoga's numerous walks, drives, etc.

One of the pleasantest walks about Saratoga is
that through the beautiful CONGRESS SPRING Park,

t!|!i!#li

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 99

and then around by the Tndhn ««.

cemetcy. Cong J .1 "' ^^ T, :~ *° '"<

improved of hto ,,«. a ^^*^ "^"ch

r™'. the ;:„r:er„:: .iLts 'u^^rt

water is drawn ..r. u ''P^ng. irom which the

aitr IS drawn up by automatic power Th^nr. ;

ot the spnngs to the EmmV^ r*. • i vaiiey

MITCHELL. The most fashionable drive is to the l.lT;

Immense sums have been exnended J f ■-

widen the road whi-l, • P*, ^'^ '° straighten and

i^ divided in 't^ecerb ' ""'"' ''"' ""'^' ^^

ca^iages go up o^e :rdt:„d^dort;eirrTh '■

"ned with the carriages of the summer-resident
Saratoga Lake was called by the Indians "W, a

roffa." It is f-.o-hf r>,;i 1 inaians Kayade-

g • it IS eight miJes long, and two and a half miles

\i0H

100

Ali'Rouftd Route aitd Panoramic Guide.

broad. It is an expansion qf Kayadcrosseras Creek,
which enters from its western shore. Passing out of the
lake, the water takes the name of Fish Creek, which,
after supplying a water-power to Victory Mills, unites
with the Hudson at Schuylerville, On an eminence on
the western shore is Carey B. Moon's celebrated Lake
House. Game breakfasts and dinners are here served
up in most approved style. Persons fond of boating,
fishing, or sailing can here enjoy their favorite pastime,
as bait-fish and boats are always in waiting at the wharf.

The peculiar fitness of Saratoga Lake for boat-racing
has long been recognized by American oarsmen. Easy
•of access, ample in dimensions, removed from the temp-
tations common to large cities, and lacking the currents
.and eddies which, on other courses, are found so per-
plexing to strangers, it is a spot which combines a health-
ful location for training, and satisfactory water for racing
purposes. Hence it has been frequently selected for
important matches, and here have occurred many of the
most noteworthy contests in the aquatic annals of the
•country.

Attention was first drawn to the lake by its being
chosen, in 1871, as the scene of the first international
iregatta ever seen in this country, when the Ward Brothers
of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, in a four-oared race,
•defeated two English crews, which included the finest
professional oarsmen to be found m Great Britain.

During the height of the season, the hotel arrivals
frequently number 1,000 daily.

Life in Saratoga is two-fold — Home, and Hotel. The
former is enjoyed by the residents of the village, whose
refined and elegant homes are not to be excelled in any

All-Round Route a,ul Panoramic Guide. ,o,

city of the United States H^f.i r ^■

epliemeral in its nature Lrf^^'u' ["^""""^ble life is

%, its duration is but fo "a ^horte ""^""^ '"'"^'-
brief months, wealth beTulf I "' '" """'^ '^''
dients not so de nlbt i'^; ^^ '"'^ """^^ '"g--^'
whirl and exciterenfof t^e IT,'"^ '' '"' ^""^ "'^ ^^^
the Spring in the mom, ! "" "" "'^ht^' ^''^'t^ ^

the afternoon t fol™ the da",^ '™'""''" " ""^^^ '"
sure-seeken. A T .u ^ P™gramme of the plea-
visits to he fnH ^ " °*" outside diversion! are

P.if K f compelled to continue our iournpxr

■But before returnino- ♦^n a lu journey.

fit of those who „"fpo e S/Lrr' '" '"^ •'^"^■
surroundings, say' hat at a d a„ct of .fi'T T' "'
Saratoga is Fort FH,.„ J^ c' '^ ""'"^^ ''^ynd

aXdi;r„^f:^r::rrtfr?'"^^^

scenery imaginable Th u '^"' ^"'' '■<'™"«':

was/escenrL,;X^™^^^

irsrui^xictr"''''"^^"'""--"'-^^^^^^^

near thfru 'o^tHe ttT of V f '^""^™ "^"•^'
William Henrv VlT^ ^""^ "'^""^^ *e Fort

containin^a^om^m^lrnrr 1 ^f "'t '■°"-
grounds are laid out with ^reat elf ''°°° ^^'^^ ■ 'ts

orthe southern end Of tlret^I'inrthtl^-

tit\

102 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

The Hotel is owned by Messrs. T. Roessle & Son,
of the Delavan House, Albany, and the Arlington at
Washington, D. C, also its managers.

FORT EDWARD.— SANDY HILL.-

FALLS.

-GLEN'S

jEAVING Saratoga for the north, the first station
reached is Gansevoort, named so after Col
Peter Gansevoort of Albany, who in the
Revolutionary War distinguished himself by his gallant
defence of Fort Oriskany, and who resided here when
the war was over. The village stands upon t'li
Snookkill. It is situated in the town named after the
French General, Moreau.

Fort Edward. — The first mention of Fort Edward
in history app'=!ars in 1690. In July of this year, Gen.
Fitz John Winthrop, in command of seven hundred
troops, set forward from Albany for the conquest of
Canada. They reached this, the Great Carrying Place,
on the 5th of August, the soldiers having marched up
with their provisions and horses, the Dutch militia com-
ing up the river in their canoes. The next day they
marched twelve miles through a continuous swamp,
abounding in white pine, to the falls on Wood Creek
(Fort Ann), carrying their provisions and canoes upon
their backs. On the 7th the general passed down the
creek with the soldiers in their bark canoes, flanked by
the Indians, to the Hautkill (Whitehall), where he en-
camped.

Sandy Hill. — Two miles from Fort Edward, on the
route to Lake George, is Sandy Hill. This is a village of
about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. It is situated on

All-Raund Route and Pa,u,ra,nu GuicU. ,03

power for r^^^^'t^^^^' :^^:^ ^'^ ^-^-^'tional
of numerous adventurer T •""'" '^^^ *''^ ^-^^ne
Revolutionary S """^ *^ ^'^"-^h and

former termination of Tl ^^ "'°"«a"d- It is at the
Hudson Rai": d i tve ' :' ''^ ''^''"^" ^"'^
their line tI,rough to CaldweH t T'"" ^'P'^'^"*
formerly. The plac;is sftlrH "u""*' ^'"S"^' ^»

of the same nam^ Th^rdLcerh" r^'^'"'^' '"^"^
by measurement to be six y-three Let 't^" "rtu"
Hudson flows in one sheet Vastgie dim am"; •':
of the precioice hi,f \. - .. "s^c aam at the brink

channel Tre it tkes r ''''^ "'^''^^'' '■"'° ^"^^

-g.ed rocks, amdthichTbrr"''"''^ °^^^ '"^

thunders, till, passing under *e S« Tnd T^' ."'

•angular Icneth of seven 1, T\ ^' ^""^ *hrough an

it eme^es Lol::; ^'^0°: .^'^^''r "' ^^^''
formed of black marble riion^ '"'^' *'"''' "

one channel to the othe T^ ?' '''''"'^'"^ ^■■°'"
Cave, from the faci that a thri r " °"" " ^°°P^^'^

CooperV-LastoftheMoLvan '"flaT.:'" ^'""""^
^alls are inscribed the names If f *"■'• °" *^
■■ocks at some seasons ar.. ,° /°™^'- "^'''ors. The
covered with X Th^r^^ ^ '?' '"" ^' °*^^^ "-
indentations, aid n manl „.''' ''''''" "''* ^'"^"
are formed by pebbleTkent '' ""-''-able chasms
water. . ^ ^ ^^^^ '" "lotion by the falling

104 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

The celebrated Glen's Falls black marble is here quar>
ried, sawed, and polished for market. Enormous quan-
tities of the limestone are excavated for the purpose of
being converted into jointa lime. Along the banks on
each side are the finest saw-mills on the continent, —
whose hundreds of saws are under a single roof, — which
run by night and by day, converting a steady stream of
logs into lumber, laying the whole North Woods under
contribution, and affording employment to hundreds of
operatives. Below are huge paper and flouring mills.
Two miles above the falls is the State dam, a new
and costly structure, which is also the head of the Glens
Falls feeder. At this place are extensive saw-mills.
Beyond and above this is the big boom, built and main-
tained at a cost of thousands of dollars, and which is cap-
able of holding a million logs. No tourist who can spare
the time should omit taking the delightful drive.

From here to Fort Edward is a distance of six miles^
where may be witnessed a succession of waterfalls, equals
in the aggregate, to one hundred and thirty feet. A po-
pulation of fifteen thousand dwells upon its banks. A
canal, railroads, and telegraph furnish the modern appli-
ances for ready business ; schools, academies, and
churches abound, and sumptuous private residences at-
test the wealth of the people. Here is located the well-
known Glen Falls Insurance Company, one of the best
managed institutions in the country.

Spacious stores invite custom for an area of many miles.
The village is lit by gas ; and water is, at great expense,
brought for five miles from the Luzerne Mountain.

The Rockwell House, kept by LeRoy Rockwell, has
been rebuilt on the site of a former hotel, and has accom-

ie.

here quar-
ous quan-
)urpose of
banks on
ntinent, —
)f, — which
stream of
ods under
indreds of
ring mills,
n, a new
the Glens
saw-mills,
and main-
iich is cap-
can spare
^e.

six miles^
alls, equals
It, A po-
)anks. A
ern appli-
nies, and
lences at-
the well-
the best

any miles,
: expense,
tain.

kwell, has
as accom-

"^"-l^omd Route and Panommic Guide. joj

-y WHO see. ^^r^: ^T:^ :^ ^ '".

ms^„„ LAKE GEORGE.

W bv'.^n'-'^r.'""''' ^^"^ '° Lake George, no,,
beautiful scenery. Below Brown's Hklf W.„

House was a stockade fort, built by Major West Jl
two moats and a ba^tmn a •, , ' ^'^"

mtrenchment buHt by c", FosteT't ff "' "" '"
pa.-gn. These were intended 4 protect thr' "'"■
- Jies fro. the Incursions o7r tl^^Z

Pan--ed b. sTt^ Cd^ '^ e^n t^^ ^^ ^r"

wagons, secu::d' T^^ tl ^^fc^ a^nT: '\

e.ghty-four prisoners. ^ ' *"'' ^°°^

Just beyond the toll-gate is the monument erected to

naer. col. Williams was k led at the battle ^f t i
George, whfch occurred in ,75 5 Farther ^

to Bloody Pond so nam^rf u I °" ** ^""^

Brook, itLutS we e a thrr' ""^"^'"^ °^ ^^"^^
soned with the blZf f !u ='''°™-"a'"ed time, crim-

^^anks. I LlttltisroSr^'' "''- f
beautiful view of the lake, and desc ndine thrvn"^ ^
soon arrive at the village of Caidwer ^ ' ""

im«'

1 06 All-Rou7id Route and Panoramic Guide.

Lake George, called by the French " Lac St. Sacra-
ment," was discovered by Father Jacques, who passed
through it in 1645, on his way to the Iroquois Nation,
by whom he was afterward tortured and burned. It is
thirty-six miles long by three miles broad. Its elevation
is two hundred and forty-three feet above the sea. The
waters are of remarkable transparency ; romantic islands
dot its surface, and elegant villas are erected upo" its
shores. It is one of the finest sheets of water in the world.
But not the unrivalled scenery, nor the pellucid water,
nor the ceaseless play of light and shade upon the rock-
bound islands and mountains, can for a moment equal
the intense absorbing interest excited by the historic
legends of this memorable localityi They are inter-
woven with much of the early history of our Continent,
and reach back to the time when truth vanishes into
tradition.

Few, if any, among the picturesque lakes in America
are more beautiful or more celebrated than this lake,
which lies between the counties of Washington and
Warren, in the State of New York, and is thirty-six
miles long, varying in breadth from three-quarters of a
mile to four miles, and in many places is four hundred
feet in depth. It is in the midst of mountains, and
popular belief credits it with islands equal in number to
the days of the year. History as well /s tradition
lingers around it, marking many spots with more than
ordinary interest. Not the least among these are the
ruins of Fort William B enry and Fort George. The
lake has had many names conferred upon it, both by
Indians and white men. The former generally called
it Lake Horicon ; the French named it La Lac du St.

t. Sacra-

) passed

Nation,

d. It is
elevation
;a. The
c islands
Lipo" its
le world,
id water,
he rock-
tit equal

historic
'e inter-
)ntinent,
ties into

A.merica
lis lake,
on and
lirty-six
ers of a
lundred
ns, and
mber to
radition
re than
are the

e. The
>oth by
T called
: du St.

AU-Rouud Rcte a,ul Pauoramic G„ide. ,07

Sir William Johson, prLp ed bv h,^ TT ""P"^^^"
Lake George, after one of I r- ^^^"^' "''"*'' ''

and his tifle has bl * ^^''■■S^' °f Great Britain,

uiic nas been permitted to rpmaiV,
designation, although it cannof », ? '^ "^

appropriate or elegant A . T ^ ^ considered

attractions of tfil t;"'": .'T'""" '"^ ""^"^
interest for everyone Th 'f^'— /' ''^s something of

of beaut,, andTerrgltair °'^' °' ^'""^"^^'

wmttei;^":::, "it;it '° "^^ -^' •'^ ^-

" relic of heroic deeds " if h ""'^ ■"""^'"^ "^ ""'^

citadel that stood withiL the Tlf '•'' "^'^"^"■-
leads from the Hotd ! a 5""'''*"°"^- ^ walk

Hin and up.a:dlt s^Zi; f^Xnt^tr ^^
can be obtained. A fine livery is kemf!! ., ""'"

of enjoying the many delight J Sl°^ t ^^^'^^
and conveyances have been ' ^"''*' '" ">« ^'cmity,
for the purpose of !I^ a ^"'^"^ constructed

House, 'rrtiew tZ2 '° '''°^P^^' «°""'--"
Within vievv are fiv^?,, P°*"' '= unsurpassed,

a hundred m^ dilL tt' f' ''"^'"P"""" °-
Adirondacks, threats^: th ^"T *'°""'^'"^' "'^

Crane Mouiltains St'tSl":^";^' ^'■"' '"^
Lake George w.'fi, .v ^ ""^ view of

and vinasri^robt-nTcllSe ^^^^^-'^'^
h's visit to Fort William Henrv Tnd T T"/"""^

"rr;rnSi,H5^^^^^^

proceed to t^ "„ ^ tfurt"^' t'"" ^'^ '"-'"^^'l. and

about but interest-:; i:::^^ '^ "'^ -""-

I08 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

1:5: .!;. :: ■' • ■

ALBANY.

JLBANY is the capital of the state of New York,
and was first settled in 1612, and became the
State capital in 1798. Great taste has been
displayed in the construction of its public and private
buildings. Among these may be noted the New
Capitol, located just in the rear of the old Capitol ; and
its grounds include the site of the old building, and the
old Capitol park.

The Capitol has a frontage of three hundred feet.
The style of the building is Renaissance, being the same
as that of the Pavilion of the new Louvre, or the Hotel
de Ville in Paris. Without any servile imitation, the
architects have produced a result which, in its bold,
effective spirit, marks the most advanced example of
modern archit;ecture.

It was built upon a foundation of concrete, extending
under the whole building, and to a depth of from three
to twenty-five feet. The treacherous nature of the soil
made the cost of the foundation very expetisive.

The outside walls are of Maine granite ; and the inner
walls and courts of New-Hampshire granite, which is of
a lighter shade than the former. The structure will be
fire-proof, and covers three and one- half acres of ground.

Approaching the building by the front entrance, the
main hall, sixty by seventy-four feet, is reached : from
this extending to the upper floors, are two grand sand-
stone staircases, one of which is completed. At the left
of tht entrance are the offices of the Governor, and
Adjutant General; at the right, the offices of the
Secretary of Appeal room, which, with its oaken ceiling

;w York,
ame the
as been
i private
le New
itol ; and
and the

red feet,
the same
le Hotel
:ion, the
its bold,
imple of

^tending

)m three

the soil

:he inner
ich is of
J will be
" ground,
mce, the
;d : from
nd sand-
: the left
nor, and
of the
n ceiling

All-Rcuud Route and Pauoran.ic Guide. ,09
STHa^ "otTTV''"'^'' °- °f West.

long by fifty.four feet deen rt T ^«'"y-t'iree feet

room one hundreda„dXv ^M ""'k' ^''^'"''^^' ^
wide. The ceilineron t^ . "^ ^^ eighty-five

The Senate Chamber is al«n ^^ «,- o
room fifty-eight feet squa e wfth ^alle ' '"" '" "

The ceiling is of carved oaic Thf b!"w- °" '7° ''"''■
Capitol has called forth . v • . '''^'"^ °^ *« "«"
fevoroCand^gaLr^h ? '""" '^'"'^ =»" ^''i^'' ^oth in
but, as the w^k anotlf^ '"" ^^^P-^'t-e involved ;

conceded that "odTdgmrntTt"""' " '^ ^^"^-">^
the Empire Stal wil halTa Cal,T -iT'' '"" *^'
be^ommensurate with its o^nSSlT'"^ '"" ^"'

its construction^:ferwrn?rr '°"^^!.^°^
'852. It is situated on »n ' '"^rporated in

border of the dtv and • ,'"'"'" '" *^' ""'hern

largest and Ldf in"t '"''''"'' """' '""^ "^ *«

above tide-water ll„ 1'" ^""^ '^enty-five feet

ranroad-bridg^^athTeT tt;T'7-^r''^-'
The superstructures are of T "''^ '" '^"S*.

<louble tracks. ~"' "P°" ^^"ch are laid

HO All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

The Park is a charming place of resort. It contains
forty-five acres, has a miniature lake, tasteful bridges,
parterres, buildings, walks, and shaded drives. It was
laid out according to ^esigns furnished by Olmstead and
Taux. It is soon to be embellished with a fountain, at
a cost of twenty thousand dollars, the gift of the late Col.
Henry L. King.

The Protestant Episcopal Cathedral of All
Saints is upon Elk Street, and is designed to be the
bishop's church, as well as the head of church-work in
the diocese of Albany. Connected with it is St Agnes
Boarding and Day School for girls, a very picturesque
building in Old English style. It is a prosperous insti-
tution, with two hundred and ten scholars, and twenty-
five teacherj;.

Adjacent lo these two will be found the Child's Hospi-
tal, which contams forty patients admitted free. It is
supported entirely by benevolence, under the care of the
sisterhood of the diocese, and is managed by a committee
of ladies, with the bishop as president.

The University of Albany has attached to it a
Law School and a Medical College, both of which are
well equipped for teaching these sciences.

In addition to the foregoing may be mentioned the
following churches and public buildings as worthy a visit
from the tour'st : the CatJiedral (Catholic), St. Joseph's
(Catholic) Church, St. Peter's (Episcopal) Church, Taber-
nacle, Baptist Church, State Hall, Geological Hall,
State Library, City Hall, and other buildings well worthy
of notice. The new State Capitol is a magnificent
structure ; the view from it is very fine, as the whole of
the city, and a large tract of the surrounding country

AU-Round Ro,iU and Panoramic Guide.

, , ,
can be seen from this eminence tk
who wish to tal<e ti.inl !! m • J."" °' "^ "•^^e'^rs
comfortably put u^at .>H ^ "i ""'^ '"^""^^'^^^ ^-y
which have e^'red for h^ °^ "' '''^''^="^'' ^otels^

«°n for bci:ni:;tr;trm: ^"^i^r"'^ ^^p-'^-

State. These are the wdl!l<nol n t' °""' '" **>«
and complete KenmorT !l"''"'." °<='^^«" -nd the ne^

train on the New York" Centrir^ T "'^" "^^^ «>«
route to ^''""^' Ra'lwaj^. for Utica, en

A .K X- TRENTON FALLS.

itrraS;;':itr'^trh^T'7 ""'- - ^''^

them, they ought not to h. ? ""'^ '"""'"^ up to

w".. ''--L.lLlrlt''nt r ^tV:'- f
the morning train, change at Utica Zl 1 ^^' ^^

well-equipped train of the Utoa 1 « *■' ""'" "'^
Railway- which connects whhtlf^ ^'-^^'^ "^'^'^'^
to the Trenton Falls st«on1 J L .r "„' ""'"^k"
nver forming the Trenton K,n . "" f ^"«r "oon. The
Creek, but L thfs nam e ' " '"' ^^^' ^'^"^^a

have been named afterThe t' " ^"P''°"'°-' the Fails
are situated. There tn " T """' '" "'"'^'' 'W

whichin.-tselfispr 1 T"^' '"'"'" « Trenton
more the pSil' ;"r~ ^ l""" "^ ''^-«'""'- 't is
givethecharm a;dZl. . " ^'^°^*' "^^' ^^ich
of the most p clurlr,:/, '°?"'"' ''^ ^^^ - 0"^
The stream d sceS'Tfe r'^. '^'^ "" '"^ ^°"«"-'-
falls of great bea ;. A the ^"u 7° """" ""' ' ""^^ °^
■•^ along the bed of'^^heriv r tself t'^f'T '°'' """''''

--timeto:ri:l--r^~^A^^^^^

112 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Gnidc.

justify their name, there are two actual waterfalls here,
which are within a few hours' journey from Niagara, and
seen after that mightiest of all cataracts, would appear
as trifles, but when taken on one's way to the Falls, and
viewed in connection with the surrounding scenery, are
well worthy of the visit we propose to make. The banks
of the river are thickly wooded on each side, with broken
clefts here and there, through which the colors of the
foliage show themselves, and straggling boughs and
rough roots break through the high rocks, and add to
the wild charm of the scene.

The tourist should not leave without visiting the
" Lover's Walk, " a beautiful avenue of hemlocks, near
the hotel. Bridal parties who go to Niagara, generally
make Trenton one of the stopping-places on their wedding
tour. Could these fine old trees, which line the walk,
speak forth and proclaim the scenes which have been
witnessed beneath their shade, the tale would recall to
many a personal and pleasing experience. The shadowy
walk is certainly well adapted to the tender mood in
Avhich lovers are prone to indulge.

A comfortable hotel is situated in the village, where
travelers can get all their wants supplied, and then take
the cars back to Utica, where they can again join the
New York Central line, and proceed via Rome, Syracuse,
Rochester and Lockport, on their way to Niagara. As
we presume that this journey will be made without any
stoppages, we shall omit all these places, and merely say
that they are the ordinary specimens of American towns
and cities having broad streets, avenues of trees, large
stores, and excellent houses with an air of prosperity
about the whole of them.

AlURound Route nt,^ d

oute and Panoramic Guide, i,.

THE NKWVORK, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN

RAILWAY.

I it Walts/; r ^T ^^- ^-^ -

Niagara Falls 1 h "" ^"''"' »"«"«'° or
Lake Erie and Western Ra^ "" /°P"'*' ^'^^ ^^^k,
" «<-/ surpassed by any Aw7^' T^"""" '"''" '1«ip>ncnt
'•" truth reco„,„,endTh,t" Ir'"' "" '""''''' -^ can
botla for tl,e elegant anrf " "^'^ '''''"'^''le one

Sleeping coachnr^Sr ^^'■"^— " -d'
as the grand and picturr,nue ' "'^" P^°-'ded- as well

New York, Lake eV ^'C/rXl °"''' "•"■'" '"^
above railway is one of th Ra'lway passes. The

eeringskil, in^Ls : an^oX""'/""'"''''^ °^ -S'"-
of the grandest and most varied"'' '"' ^'^"^"^ »■"«
America. Previous tHf ''""^''^ '° ^-^ ^und in

«ne were cons^ d ^asXT'""' ''°'*'°"^ "^ ">«

Zf ~. yet mouS'l^e Tcale:"" *^" ^
and river canons passed bv Ki ! ""^ P"''ced.

ftce of stupendous pecTpices ^'"^ %P^* '■™'" *e
were spanned by bniesT: _ f^T ''"'1 "'^'^
deep valleys crossed by massivf Itducte ""J^'^^''-
Itne was begun in iSjfi ,„^ viaducts. This/aw,-2>^

cost to date upward of *!;"''"'''' '" '«5'' '""' has

Drawing.room'a7d SleepS'::!:"^- «P'-^'<1 Palace,

through trains east or weft m"' '"'"''"'' '° '"' 'he

points of interest to be se^al T °' ""^ «'"ctive

Vork. Lake Erie and wLet^Vai^ ""^ °' ""^ '^-

sufficient beauty to repav theT f'^^ "' ^''^ of

g / °'^P^y 'he tounst for the journey over

'il«Jlll

1 14 Ail-Round Route and Pafioramic Guide.

the whole line. The beautiful. valley of the Delaware,
the gorgeous Susquehanna, and the wonderful and
charming Wyoming valley, all present a picture to the
tourist of unrivalled interest. Portage, on the direct line
to Buffalo and Niagara Falls, is celebrated for its Wooden
Trestle Bridge, the largest structure of the kind in the
v/orld, being 800 feet long by 234 feet in height, sustained
by 13 stone piers spanning the Genesee River. Its cost
was over $174,000. Some conception of its magnitude
may be formed when it is known that in its construction
1,600,000 feet of timber, and 106,820 lbs. of iron were
used, and the design and architecture such, that, while
undergoing repairs, any portion of it may be removed,
without weakening the structure, or retarding, or inter-
fering with the progress of trains.

It is here also that the Genesee River enters a grand
rocky defile, presenting, as far as the eye can reach, a
succession of wild and varied scenery. The Upper
iFalls — ^just below the bridge — have a descent of 6% feet,
making the distance from the top of the Bridge to the
bottom of the Falls 302 feet. At the Middle Falls, one
quarter of a mile beyond — the water dashes in an
unbroken sheet into a chasm no feet in depth, bounded
on either side by perpendicular ledges. The action of
the water has formed a hollow in the rock, known as the
Devil's Oven. The Lower Falls are a mile and a half
from the Bridge, and it is here the scenery is most
sublime. At this point the river, after a precipitous
course of nearly one-fourth of a mile, descends 20 feet,
and striking the base of Sugar Loaf Rock, which rises
100 feet from the bed of the river, turns at a right angle
and falls into a deep pool. The rapidity of the water at

if*

All.Rou„d Route and Panoya,nic Guide. , , 5

Alps, instead of twelve C^nTT x?^' ^ *'"°"S 'he
would be visited an ^in LT Z IT ""T' '^^
written of a great deal n^e ' P'"''°?'-«Pl'ed, and

At tlmira, 573 miles west fmm nJ i^ >

for Watkin's Glen and slnec?! I ,?'''': ^^^^'^"Sers

where they will find the f ? ' '"" '^"""^^ "=«>•«.

Northern Central Raikt '' '''"'PP'^^ "■^■"^ °f the

- Wat.ins, onVlwitl'^r ''"^^^ '° ^^^ '"-

head^f^TetlV^nt steca^tal '^' ^ T'^ '^^ *^
Schuyler, i„ the midst of beautt' '" "^ ^°""'>' ^^
close to which it is situated iot of r"^- ?' '^"^^
sheets of water in A n,. ""^ ""^t beautiful

-iles in leS nd has""' ^ '" "' "■"''^- '' '^ '^^y
At the lowefornortherrendThTt ""* °' '"■° -■'-
^- the water, and t: t^ 0^:^;': ^^^'"^"^
garden dotted everywhere with fine h u ''""'
presenting all the appearance o weal h A ^^ ''"'

^™n, the wate:."ThfS:e7:el''^%^1 ^^7"^
every variety of scenerv ^S u ""' ^''"°s'

■ntervals, landing at Liny 0^? 'k ^'^ ^' '■'•^''-"'
the different stoopiL placed bor" f ^'""^ ' ^"'' «
fishing may be had. ""'' "^^''y ''^'^"itJ' for

The glen, which ."brthe last few years h». K

'ew years has been resorted

1. 1

*=■

liMv!!

P I i!

1 16 Ail-Round Route and Paftoramic Gvide.

to by great numbers of visitors, is about half a mile from
the steamboat landing and the railway station. It :s a
deep and rocky ravine between two hills which are
clothed with foliage, the tops of the trees frequently
meeting at the top of the deep gorge. A small stream
runs through it, forming frequent waterfalls, and adding
a great charm to the place. The length of the glen is
about two miles, and everywhere good paths and secure
railings have been arranged, so that one may visit every
part without danger. The different points worthy of
note are as follows : Passing the entrance amphitheatre
and ascending the first stairs, we see the Entrance
Cascade^ 60 ft. in height. From the first bridge, called
Sentry Bridge, we have a view eastward over the wide
valley at the head of the lake, and of the wooded heights
beyond ; and westward, up the glen, of the high cliffs
which bound it at the sides. Passing along a path
overlooking Stillwater Gorge, we soon see the Minnehaha
Cascade. This part of the gorge is called Glen Alpha.
We now cross and recross the gorge, pass the Labyrinth
and ascend the Long Staircase, 50 ft. high, and see
before us Cavern Cascade, with a fall of 40 ft. One may
enter the Grotto behind the cascade. Pursuing our way
we enter at the heac^of the Long Staircase, Glen Obscura,
and follow the path to Point Look Off. From this spot
we look back into Glen Alpha, and above, in the opposite
direction, we see the Glen Mountain House, 100 ft. above
us. The hotel has two buildings ; one occupied for
sleeping apartments, parlors, &c., and the other, across
the glen, used as a dining-room. The two are connected
by a handsome suspension bridge. Close to the hotel is
the Art Gallery (entrance fee, 25 cents), passing which

All.Ro«„^ Ro„,e and Pa„ora„.u Guide. , ,7

•«'e soon see the Mystic Gorire of Gl.n ok
now descend to the briH^r k k ^l^^^ra. We

X'rm and enter clr/v"^ "°'''' *^ -5>/.««
which are 300 fthfeh Th f 'k' *^ ^^^^ ^"« °f
yards. In the cenS thi bel'^?^ ^' *" ^'^" '"' ^00

^nwhat.-s caned lcL2Taf.:/f'''fT'''-
50 ft into a deep nool M ' . "^^^"^^^ Cascade, falling

we enter the Ciel^t P^^rZ "^ ^'^"'' ^'^'--
of the glen is very beautlft^ th/ T""^ °^ ""'^ P^^
crossed soon a J enS the cT l^l '"" """"S^'
«ceived the appellatior f ^^i" t ^^ ^°°'^' ''^^
enter the Giant's Gorge and tf T f'"' ^^ ^°°"
^««*^ Paiis, the former^- ^''^'^ ^''^'■''* «"d

the brook from gIuZLT T'"' ''^ *^ ^^"■"e of
stream from the sotth f- * *' '""'^^ "^ ^ ^"a"
glen. We ascend ^Jf^^ 7" *^ ^'^'^^ 'nto the
Dimculty,pass5wi^^rc^^7„ -^ b^r ^'^"
traversing the JVarrow Patlft T Tl ^"'^^^' ^"^'
see Piut. Palls. ^ZS- s ai t "/ °' '''^" ^'•^^«'^'
which is crossed to ltd „ Pat^ ^^Ol.„ Arcadia,
glens and waterfalk ,h„ It ^'"^"'^ are other

of no specialty °'' *" P°'"' ^^"^ "sited, but

su— riiol wT*^'" ^-^^ -^ °^ the
the last few^ea'ngTearmr'' r""""^" ''"""^
throng the excellent ho^nX vllt"'""'^^ ^'^'"-

maTvXs HftTthe ""^ °' '"^ ^'^" = "I* - a

have been made L 'j "T'""^ ""'■* ''' ^^^""^ "-'

It suggests Vauctse in 2 T '^^'""'"^'^^ ^''-*

sparkle of the wa e U f. !, '''""''' '^'^^™^- =""^

magnificent Pass of the Fin. '"^^'''' *^ ^°'"'"-^.

ot the Fmstermunz, in the Tyrol, but is

nc^'j

1 1 8 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

infinitely brighter and more varied. It suggests Trenton
Falls, but is wilder and deeper. Most of all, it suggests
Bash-Bish, in old Berkshire, — is indeed very like it, but
is yet more picturesque and perilous."

Bayard Taylor says of it : " In all my travels I have
never met with scenery more beautiful and romantic
than that embraced in this wonderful glen ; and the
most remarkable thing of all is> that so much
magnificence and grandeur should be found in a region
where there are no ranges of mountains."

The Glen is one of nature's reservoirs of eternal
coolness. In its shadowy recesses, beside its emerald
waters, you forget even the fierce heat of July and
August, hundreds of feet above you. But it is seen in
its utmost beauty in October, when the wild gorge, with
its wonderful variety of delicate foliage, is trimmed with
the most gorgeous colors.

HAVANA GLEN.

[AVANA GLEN is located near the People's
College Building, (now known as the Cook
Academy,) in the eastern part of the village ^of
Havana, one mile east of the Northern Central depot,
and three and a half miles from Watk'n's Glen. Its
course is nearly east and west, the ascent being towards
the east, as it is on that side of the valley. It differs
very materially from the Watkin's Glen in the details of
its scenery, and yet in generalities, is almost a counter-
part of its scenic sister on the west side of Seneca valley.
In approaching it you pass through a vast and
beautiful amphitheatre of thirty or forty acres, filled with
groves and cosy picnic grounds ; and many of the

All-Jiouna Route an, P„„oran,u Guide. ' „,
eorges and cascades are fully enual M .
them s«perior_to the fin Jf c, ^""^ ^^""^^ of
It is not so long as w.f,"' ^7"'' J" Watkin's Glen.

'"11 of startling and ^so k," "' *'' ""^^ ^--^

instead of bein'g ov , 1 1 ^ '^^ -^ 'ts pools,

are as square as if hewn bv h °'' ^' W''*!"^.

stratified rock. l^Z^l f .["^ ^-^^ncy. out of the

including the mosses, Ss t^; '"' ^'"'"'' "-a-
those of Watkins Glen th. ''"'' ,'?™^' ^--^ much like
and the universal sS Lnt of t T- "^ ^"P^"—
should by all means seeTd'e J, Xth"^' *" ^■■^■•'-

-otras°i£rcti:.tT>--^^^^

Council Chamber,' ■Xurtlinr'^'^''"'' ^^"^•■' "The
d-." "The Brid;i VeU" " H '"''''" "'^^'''s Lad-
Indian Oven," "The Mount T" ^"''S'^'" "The
Falls," "Chaos Go ^"^£0;"" 7",""^''" "Whispering
" Summit Falls," etf """'• " ^'^"^' Cascade,"

the^'IsrratUS.ltt" "Z-^^™ '^'^ '"P-ses
■siarger than that !f Watk^G ''' T." """^ ^'^-"
shaley, and it has a Tron i ' ^''^ '•°<='' 's less

angular points diding^'cL^f' system of rect-
buttresses. When ;, ^ f '"'° ^"'"^''^ ^w^rs and

'-e a jaggeTfa-c: ^ rw^t^tV'^ ''\ ' "^^ "-
surface as smooth and evenll,'"' *"" " ■"""'
-•des of canons the 321!'. r '' '''"' ^'^'"^ the
grand simplicity. The rrodZ ^'■'^' ^'''^^''''''y ^"d

of division, zigzagini at ri^ht ^ T""' '°"°"^ "'^ ''"»
after the fasl^on'of^ord W stf " "*" *='" """"^
the "Council Chamblr •' it "^ ^' t™«, as in

square corners and pe.pe„dicuL°"!, '^*" '"'"'' ""*

pe.pendicular sides, as unlike any-

i,.^,. ;-'!.

1 20 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

thing in Watkins Glen as can be imagined. The walls
are lower than in Watkins, but they seem higher because
of their clean-cut faces. In Watkins there is a persistent
sameness in diversity — a monotony of fantastic outline.
Havana has a statelier, more majestic look. Watkins
confuses while it amazes, bewildering by its multitude
of details, infinitely various yet constantly similar.
Havana has less variety and greater diversity — its plan
seeming to be to present no two scenes at all alike. At
times the cliff gives place to wooded escarpments ;
vegetation creeps down into the gorge and throws a
net- work of beauty and grace — truly glen-like — between
two spaces of precipitous rock. The falls are fewer but
in the main more massive, and the pools are square-
cornered instead of oval. In short, the two Glens are
not rivals, but complements, and the sight of one
heightens rather than lessens the enjoyment of the
other." There are refreshment houses at and near the
entrance of the Havana Glen, and three good hotels in
the village — the Montour House, which is in size and
all things else a first-class house, and the Webster House
and Central Hotel, which are smaller, but very attractive
and nicely conducted. Carriages will convey visitors to
and irom the depot and public houses, and between the
two Glens, at moderate rates.

SENECA LAKE,

Which is claimed and conceded to be one of the most
beautiful and interesting sheets of water in the world, is
nearly forty miles long, from two to four miles in width,
of great depth, and unrivalled in purity and clearness by
any of its sister lakes in Central New York. Its course

AlURmmd Route and Panoramic Guide ,21

-tcMess beaut,. ™^Lrabl' Crf ^^^
WatkinsanH T , ^'^''mboats ply bet-^een

G.e„: on Te ea f r '■" °^ '"'--'' -'''^ from
Lne east side, are Hector Falls p fi«^
success,on of cascades, and a beautiful point fo 'pleasure
parties, three miles north of Watkins wl h
point, where annual camp-meeti;? heW usu^ll"
June, and where there is a good hotel weM ^tromS In"

^p—l^^fT^ta^^^^^^^

sif :r"Htrrco,c::: Kir ^^^^^

Museum. The view of the I II ^4 '"'' ^'"«'^^'
from College Hiinl Itf the Ce^t ItT " 1^
i-gined, and is worth going millTs^t "" "'^" '^

ilie two unopened twin Glens w.>}, fK^- £
af p^oi c "^'^"" their fine cascades

ion i '""""^' ^'■^ '■"'""^^ *«" worthy of attfn

"\ .':■'■::■, ;-^''1"

1 22 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

beautiful and sublime to be found' on this portion of the
American continent.

From the preceding description of Watkins and
Havana Glens, Seneca Lake and surroundings, the
query will naturally suggest itself, " Why isn't this locality
a pleasant place in which to spend a summer vacation ? "
It certainly is, being one of the most delightful and in-
teresting spots on the continent. In addition to the
pleasurable features of the section, it abounds with
numerous mineral springs which have, by years of
experience, proven to possess excellent healing qualities.
This locality is readily accessible by the Erie Railway to
Elmira, from thence via the Northern Central, twenty
miles northward to Havana or Watkins, or via the New
York Central to CanadMgua, where the Northern Central
is taken southward to destination, but we prefer to return
to Elmira, and continue our journey westward via the
New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway, to the
worid-renowned cataract, to visit which is the " Mecca "
of every tourist's pilgrimage, and not to have, seen is his
reproach ; we approach the recital of its beauties with a
sense of the inadequacy of the pen to do it justice.

NIAGARA FALLS.

|HE Falls of Niagara may justly be classed among
the wonders of the worid. They are the pride of
America, and their grandeur, magnitude ai:d
magnificence are well known to all the civilized worid.
Ever since the discovery of this wonderful cataract, mil-
lions have flocked thither from all countries to gaze with
feelings of the deepest solemnity on the tumultuous fall of
water, and to adore the power and majesty of the

AU.Rou„d Ro,ae aud Panoramic Guide. ,25
cenery of this stupendous waterfall.

of a thousand thunder, n f ^'^^ ^he deafening roar

rounhs of a „,L""S L'no'f^^tTd T "''^^-
aggregate, it is calculated nf , t T J ^ ''' "^ *"
hour. No wonder tto'f.K'''""'"'°"'°"^P«^
shrines the untutored fh " ^""'''^' "^ ""-^'

yearly and w^sht tldr St'T:- 7' T"' '° ^""^
by the sacrifice of an TnH ? '' ""'' P^P'^ate him

current in a floweHadf " ""''"' "^' 'l^^" ^ 'he
terrible vortex no wo„h .T°l '" ^'' "'^'^ '" 'he

missionarieT^h^ pene'alrd t? ^^J^' *""" '"^ «"'
speechless awe to the ^1 "^"^ ^"'^ P"''"'^^ '"

that in these latter 1 Z^ ^ '*""■"''' ='"'' "° ^™nder
part of thrcountv aTd r ""'^ "' '°"*'^ fr^"" ^very
fheir destiX L ^tSrin"'^ """' '"'" '^'
-.e^sa^geandtheprt^^ZTheZLrr.::

ti'o'ttrloLToinrlt:^^^^^^^^^^^^^

^ -he ;i "of ptr ■• ^-^^^ »-ct

hood. '^ °^ P''"''" '"'"^=' i" the neighbor.

ove?t:o"i:L:i:irvs t "^ ^ ^^'^'^^ --

Jesuit missiona.y fct salth. k*" ^'"^'"' =' ^'^"'^
of discove,y inl ;:: ";f " ""-^ °" - -Petition

Fan'tXf. Thr' '° ^ r"^"' ''^^'''- 'h^ g-at

of Lundey's Lan?wf r ."'"^ "'^ ■"^'"-^'"^ b^'tle
ndey s Lane was fought ; the Whirlpool below the

134 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Falls ; the Suspension Bridges ; the Devil's Hole, and
the Bloody Run ; the Queenston Heights, General
Brock's Monument ; the burning Spring, etc.

The Village of the Falls, through which you jvass on
your way from the cars, lies on tiie east side ui ihe river,
in the immediate vicinity of the grand cataract, 22 miles
by rail from the city of Buffalo on Lake Erie, and 300
by rail from Albany. This is a fashionable place of
resort during summer and autumn, and the Hotels ai the
village are excellent in all respects, and most agreeable
abodjs for those who intend to sojourn for a time within
sound of the Falls.

Having landed our traveller safely at Niagara, the
choice of an hotel is the matter of paramount importance.
General opinion is much divided on this subject, many
travellers asserting that the American side is the only
one to stay at and see the Falls, as the Rapids and Goat
Island are to be reached from that side only, whilst others
take the broader view of the question— that the minor
attractions ought to give place to the Falls, and that the
•only place to obtain an uninterrupted view of the two
mighty cataracts is from the Canadian side. We shall,
however leave this question to be decided by the traveler,
and merely observe that the hotels on both sides are very
good, that is to say, the " International," and " Spencer
House," on the American side, and the " Brunswick," on
the Canadian Shore ; any of which can be well recom-
mended.

Having selected our hotel, it is scarcely necessary to
say that days of sojourn at the Falls are desirable to see
them in all their varying aspects, and become fully
acquainted with their beauty and grandeur, often

All-Round Rouu and Panoramic Guide. ,25

underrated by those who only nav th. F,n a ■
vi-iiV TJ.»» ■ ^ . . ' P ' '"^ 'alls a flv no-

visit. J he tourist and peasur-travMI.- k ... ^

best served with a brief Z ''^J"' •''"vever, will be

and iPost corenienr » /"' "^ "'^ "'o^' '^»"'if"'

the .--^ttra«ti^^;t^ir::;^/o^. .-^

Nature inH Ar^ r , " ' ^^'^ely, indeed, do

thede^^gltedt /son h'". """"^ '° 'P'-"^ "^^-o-

along the ^l<.:mlV^Zt:tT'''''''' ^^°^-'
"Pon the point in front oTITmZ:^Z7 C oT''

tftc grand adjacent scenery being utilized t„ «i, ■ !u '
pictures. The entrance fee M tZ u ^" '" *^^

repaid a thousand-fold by LeW hT «^*f '-Anient is
and interesting objects oht .""^^ °^ '"™"' ''"^

geological spedmet&'clc Thfc V'"""°P''^ ^'^-^•
ing to the visitor tha 7t is telllT't T*"' '° '■"''■"^^'-
takes his leave ^ '"^ ""^'"^^nce that he

along the bank of the rT', to .r^ """ ~""'""^'

Bridge. Standing at tt „1 '^ • "^T ^"P^"^'°"

American Falls/so c ose thf \„r"^ °'^^ "-^
thrust out his hanH . ' "^^J"*' ^"e might almost

as it rolls stt^rb;:VtvT:SadTef" "^'^^
magnificent view r.f r . j , , spread before us a

Tabi RoiTe °^,i5r rtt^rs 't'

new Suspension Bridge, the Aine^r Fairwi'th tt

126 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

frowning rocks below and the Ferry to the Canada side.

Cool, shady walks run in all directions through the

Park, and rustic seats at intervals invite the visitor to

linger here and gaze at the magnificent scenery. The

Park Company have also erected a beautiful pavilion,

where visitors can " trip the light fantastic toe " within

sound of the roar of the great cataract. An elegant

restaurant is also on the grounds, where they can regale

the inner man when tired of sight-seeing. Then we may

enter the Ferry House and descend the Incline Railway

through a cut in the bank to the water's edge, a

distance of 360 feet. The spiral stairs constructed

here in 1825 having become shaky with age, the present

novel but commodious contrivance was inaugurated in

1845. The flight of steps leading along the railway

consists of 290 steps. The car is drawn up the inclined

plane by water power, an overshot wheel being turned

by a stream diverted from the river for that purpose.

Around a wheel eight feet in diameter, which turns in a

horizontal position at the head of the railway, runs

a cable two and a half inches in diameter and 300

feet in length, attached to a car at either end, and

supported by pulleys placed at convenient intervals down

the grade. At the foot of the stairs, turning to the left,

the Company has erected a commodious and substantial

building, from which may be obtained, from the base of

the descending torrent, one of the most magnificent

views of the Falls, looked at through those wonderful

clouds of rising spray, refracting the sun's rays in all the

colors of the rainbow, and sparkling and shimmering in

the light, like clouds of diamond dust. Then donning

tarpaulin coats and hats, we may pass in behind the

All-Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. , j;

cataract and sec the wonders of the caves inrl !-,.!, .
upon the waters a.s they ro,. over our LT The- >:;

agitated waters, "pro. The ler the vZV' ""=
great advantage Formerly the shades o ^ Z'h:
the pleasures of the day to a close hnf ""^^^^^t

entepse have ,e„,the„rd th! ^^ oren™,^
us. E^hteen electric hghts pour their brilliant ravl
upon the scene, infusing the spray clouds with "oLous

brilliancy beyond description. The Cnmriinn •!.
stands out clear and distinct ind tL \"",'''^" '^'^^
wonderfully beautiful, weird and 111!:: "'"'^ '^^'^"^ '^
Prospect Park is certainly the spot which the traveler
will visit first, and where he will linger lonirest nT
should fail to visit the Part h„n. k j ^ """'^

Tl,„ • "-^'""e 'ark both by day and by night
There ,s a fascination about this mighty ca afact'
which seems to chain us to this snnt .„a v. '''"'"'"^'
to leavp ;* A,., ■ P ' ''"'' when we seek

to leave it draws us irresistibly back again Fven in
describing it, however inadequately the task mav K
accomplished, we are loth to lay down the pet a^d re
ourselves away. The AlmiVhtv h, . ^^

with a power t'hat none^ln tfst a d'To "^^^^'^
upon it for the first time hT;' T ne^ ^ t° tlTe,:

:wat:er;tri:r^ '" "'^" "'^^"•^■' '■" ''- -^

Proceeding- to the Fa Ik rM,.. f^ i •

as possible, fo direct t:z^ r:^'^:::^

how to see it We w.Mi fu c ^""

It. We will, therefore, explain that the

fiiii^i

1 28 Ail' Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

larger cataract stretching froni shore to shore is the
Canadian or Horseshoe Fall, whilst the smaller one is
the American. The dimensions of the two Falls must
necessarily be a matter of computation, anc they are
estimated as follows.

The American Fall, 900 feet across, with a drop of
164 feet.

The Canadian Fall, 1,900 feet across, with a drop of
158 feet ; and it is stated by Professor Lyell that fifteen
hundred millions of cubic feet of water pass over this
fall every hour !

HORSESHOE FALL.

The traveler in his first visit to the Falls ir apressed
with a sense of inexpressible amazement. His emotions
are nol unlike those of the votary of necromancy, who
when once within the magic circle, trembles under the
influence of the enchanter, even before he confronts the
wizard himself.

HORSESHOE FALL.
Who can forget his first view of this grand and
stupendous spectacle? The roaring is so tremendous
that it would seem, that if all the lions that have ever

nide.

shore is the
nailer one is

Falls must
nc; they are

:h a drop of

th a drop of

1 that fifteen
ass over this

if -xipressed
lis emotions
"nancy, whc
3 under the
Dnfronts the

grand and
tremendous
t have ever

*; i

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 29

onf "t^n 'I"' t^ f °^"'^' ^""'"^ J°'" *heir voices in

wh sper .n companson to the deep diapason of this most
majest,c of all Nature's pipes or organ^ "''

The bndge which connects the mainland with Goat
Is and ,s eagerly passed, and we explore the whole o
th,s c^^^^^hich is rightly named, for ,t is found

fantastic enough to suggest that
goats only could find a comfort-
able footing. The sublimity of
the scene increases at every
step ; but when we come upon
the mighty Cataract, we gaze in
THE K„.,os. speechless wonder. But words

cannot describe the grandeur of this scene, noTthe
emotron wh.ch it excites ; neither can the pencH any
more than the pen, do it justice. The silent and "u
picture wants the motion and the sound of tha
stupendous rush of waters. It is impossible to paint the
ever-nsmg column of spray that spires upward from the
foammggulf below , he prismatic glo'ry thatch*
t for there indeed has God forever " set his bow " in
the cloud, and cold must be the heart that in such I
scene remembers not His covenant.

NEW SUSPENSIO.NT BRIDGE.
The desirability of erecting a bridge nearer the falls,
and lor carriage or foot passengers only, had long been
spoken of, and finally, afte ,..ch trouble^ a^d
peiseverance, charters were obtained from the State of
New ^ork and the Province of Ontario, and work w-as

commenced in ,867. Its cost ...s nearly $,,.00,000. I
y

1 30 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

is located about 1,800 feet below the American Falls, en
the American side, landing on the Canadian side, only
S or 10 rods below the Clifton House. The towers on

the Canadian side are 120 feet high, and on the
American side 106 feet high. The span is 1,230 tect

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 3 1

from tower to tower. The height from the water to the
floor of the bridge is 256 feet. There is a single track
for carnages and space at one side for foot passengers.
The bridge has at each side a strong railing five feet
high. The estimated strength of the structure is over
150 tons, and as 10 or 15 tons is all that could well be
placed on the bridge at one time by its ordinary traffic
the greatest confidence prevails as to its stability It has
now.passed through fourteen winters with its load of ice
and frozen spray, so that it is no longer an experiment,
bu a fixed fact, and full confidence has been established
It stands as a great, lasting monument to J. T Bush
who conceived the project, and carried it to a successful
termination. The view from the centre of it is exceed-
ingly fine ; suspended in mid-air-in full view of both
the, American and Horseshoe Falls-the river above and
below, with its beautiful banks from 150 to ^50 feet
perpendicular, presents a view never before enjoyed by
visitors to this wonderfully beautiful resort

./^•^Tl^" °^ '^'' "^''^^^ ^""g^ Goat Island and
the side of Table Rock within easy walking distance.

TABLE ROCK,
From which such a grand view of the falls was obtained
exists only in name, and in the interest which attaches to
IS site. It was a truly magnificent crag, overhanging
the fearful abyss, and it constituted one of the wonders
of the place. Many accidents are recorded, from the
temerity of tourists who ventured too near its margin
It, however, fell in 1862, and had this accident occurred
an hour or two eariier in the day, the Victoria Bridge,
^he Grand Trunk Railway, and many other Canadian

"111

132 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

::■■; ■ \x

TABLE ROCK — NIAGARA FALLS.

'^^

Atl.Rcmd Route and Pamramic Guide. ,33
undertakings, might not l,ave been accomplished for a
very short time previous to the disappearance of "he
^.ppery granite, there was standing upon it, viewin, the
Falls, he engmeer of the Victoria Bridge and several of
h,s^coJleagues in the enterprises that Le b^n men

CAVE OF THE WINDS.

A suitable building is Urt erect-
ed for the accommodation of visitors
wishing to pass under the centre
Falls into the Cave of the Winds
and this is a feat that all tourists
should, if possible, perform. Oil-
skm dresses, clean and dry, are
supplied to visitors. For a small
fee an experienced guide will ac-
company parties under the sheet of
ENTRANCE TO THE CAVE ^^^^^^' ^"^ describc fully all the
OK THE WINDS. incidents connected with this local-

^mndlr' " ?' "'"'"•''' "'' " "" °^ inconceivable
grandeur. Conversation is impossible, the mighty

cataract asserting its right to alone be heard, as ^s
thunders reverberate within the cave.

PLACES OF INTEREST AT NIAGARA.

Below the Brunswick House, we have the Railwav
Suspension Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids, and Whirlpoof
Opposite the American side : Prospect Pari. aJ •
Falls^ Goat Island, American ^^^^^
Island, and Luna Island. Canada side: The Hoe.

In i W hii^^^^^^^ '''-' '' '' ''' ^^^"^' ^-^'-^ Spring,

134 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide,

The illumination of the Falls by the electric light
shows to better advantage from the Brunswick House
than any other point on the Canadian side of the river.
This is perhaps one of the grandest scenes in the world
and the attraction par excellence to visitors from thu^
United States and Europe.

From Prospect Park we pass over the New Suspension
Bridge to the Canadian side. Here a road turns to the
left from the end of the bridge, leading along the cliff
past the Clifton and Brunswick Houses, and affording
the most beautiful and sublime views of both Falls. We
now come to Table Rock ; from this point the view of
the Falls is incomparably grand. A little over a mile
above the Falls, continuing our drive up the river road,
we come to the most wonderful natural curiosity in the
world, the famous Burning Spring. The waters of these
Springs are highly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen
gas, which, when ignited, emits a pale blue light", which
burns with a brilliant flame. To heighten the effect, the
phenomenon of the burning water is exhibited in a dark-
ened room. Many fine improvements have been made
at this spot during the past year, by erecting two hand-
some suspension carriage bridges and three other truss
bridges, and otherwise improving the walks and drives.

We might write volumes about this beautiful point of
interest, but we prefer to have our readers go and see for
themselves. Suffice it to say our advice to tourists and
pleasure travelers is: "Do r l leave Niagara until you
have taken this, the most beautiful drive at the Falls,,
through 'Cedar Island and Clark Hill Islands to the
Burning Spring."

During the past year it has been visited by many

All-Roimd Route a<id Pamramic Guide. ,35

thousands of touri-.s and pleasure travelers from all
quarters of the globe, all of whom have pronounced it to

r^vef'R / " "r"''' °" "" ^*"=""- '^'"e of the
rver. Returmn^ from the burning Spring we drive

along down the Nl.gara river, cross the bridge already

referred ^0 to the American side, and proceed two

m,les to the town of Sus, nsion Bridge, where many

mterestmg sights are to be seen. ^

We will now proceed to give a description of the

Railway Suspension Bridge, which is admitted by all to

be a „ ,nderful triumph of engine, Ing skill. Mr.

Roebhng, of Trenton, New Jersey, was the engineer o^

th,s bndge, wh,ch, as the name implies, is constructed on

the suspension system. The two towers supporting the

tTJX'T':'^'': "-'" """^ ^P--""' («°° f'-)- "« ^t-out
70 feet h,gh, and bu.lt on and into the solid rock ; the

bridge ,s supported by four cables, each composed of
8,000 w,res, and measuring 9^ inches in dia.neter,
aggregate length of wire employed being more than
4.000 m,les, whilst the entire weight of the bridge is
12.400 tons. Its cost was half a million dollars. It is
constructed for the joint purposes of road and pedestrian
traffic, and for the Great Western Railway of Canada.

There ,s a small toll levied on all passengers, and a
custom-house officer will make a cursory and rapid
search, lest any articles liable for duty are being carried
across from the United States into the Dominion of
Canada, or vice versa. From here we drive to the
_ WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS AND DOUBLK ELFV/TOR
situated on the American side, about one hundred' rods
below the Railway Suspension Bridge-the finest and

tO^ .<^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

1.8

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5^.

Photographic

Sdences

Coipomtion

23 WEST MAir! STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. M580

(716) 872-4503

^■"a.^

^<i)

?iy

«r* #j ^^ M

U.A

136

All-Raund Route and Panoramic Guide.

: • :'iv

: ''•■'■ !, '•'

most interesting spot about Niagara Falls. This
delightful spot is visited by many thousands of people
annually, on account cf the wild and magnificent grandeur
of its scenery. The river here turns abruptly to the
right, forming an elbow, and as the waters rush against
the opposite banks, a whirlpool is formed, on which logs,
and often bodies, have been known to float many days.

The river in the centre is estimated by the engineers
to be eleven feet and a half higher than on each shore,
and the visitor often wonders how the " Maid of the
Mist " ever passed down here and lived.

There is no perpendicular fall, or external outlet at the
whirlpool. The distance across it is one thousand feet ;
perpendicular height of the banks, three hundred and
fifty feet. Here they have a magnificent Double
Elevator, worked by a water-wheel some two hundred
and fifty feet below the top of the bank, which enables
the visitor to reach the water's edge without fatigue.
Here bursts upon the view one of the most beautiful and
sublime sights to be seen in the world. Through a
narrow gorge rush, in their tumultuous and maddening
course, all the waters of the great Upper Lakes. The
immense under-current forces the water in the (ientre
thirty or forty feet higher than at the edges.

The ever-varying changes the waters constantly
undergo are indescribably beautiful and fascinating.
One is never tired of gazing at this wondrous scene.
The surrounding scenery is in keeping with the raging
stream. It is a solemnifying prospect, and few can gaze
upon it without feeling that they have attained to a
higher conception of the awful power and might of the
Eternal. The rocky banks of the river, plainly showing

AU-Round Route mid Pamramic Guide. 1 37

the different strata, exhibit the wonderful handiwork of
nature. From this point the finest view of the Railway
Suspension Bndge can be obtained. To look at thk
beautiful structure from the water's edge, at this poin
one could almost believe the fairies built it It was nea;
h,s spot that Blondin crossed the gorge on a rope wUh
a man on h.s back. No visitor should leave Niagara
-thout visiting this delightful and romantic s^Jt
Words eemmt express the grander of this scene; it is

Works. Reader, you have not seen Niagara until ..ou

annually vis.tmg the Whirlpool Rapids, on the
Amencan side, none have gone away dissatisfied, but
all are more than ever impressed with the tremendous
magmficence of Niagara. While the view from the
Canad,ans.de may be said to supply the general out-
hnes of the picture, that from the American reveals it in
all Its completeness.

"MAID OF THE MIST."

It is now a matter of history how this tiny steamer
wh,ch conveyed tourists under the spray of the great

sS b" ^'" ^"r"'""^ ^''^^ t'he'hands ofThe
shenff, by passmg through the whirlpool.

th. .^'f '"'■ ";°°""g^.«''out a quarter of a mile above
the old Suspension Bridge, June ,5, ,86,, and sprang
boldly out mto the river, to try one of the most perilou!
voyages ever made. She shot forward like an arrow of
hght, bowed gracefully to the multitude on the Bridge
and w.tht„e velocity of lightning passed on her courL'
Many beheld this hazardous adventure, expecting eve,^

'*>.^^'^l'

138 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

instant she would be dashed to pieces and disappear
forever. Amazement thrilled every heart, and it appeared
as if no power could save her. " There ! there ! " was the
suppressed exclamation that escaped the lips of all.
"She careens over! she \s lost ! she is lost!" But,
guided by an eye that dimmed not, and a hand that

•* MAID OF THE MIST ' ' GOING THROUGH THE WHIRLPOOL
RAPIDS (AMERICAN SIDE.)

never trembled, she was piloted through those maddened
waters by the intrepid Robinson, in perfect safety, and
subsequently performed less hazardous voyages on the
St. Lawrence.

On this trip there were but three men on board, the
pilot, engineer and fireman.

isappear
ippeared
was the
; of all.
'" But,
md that

laddened
'ety, and
s on the

card, the

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 39

She is the only craft, so far as is known, that ever
made this fearful trip, and lived. Though the pilot had
performed many hazardous exploits in saving the lives
of persons who had fallen into the river, yet this last act
in taking the " Maid of the Mist " through the whirlpool
IS the chmax of all his adventures.

THE devil's hole

Is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river
three and a half miles below the falls. The Bloody Run'
a ravme so called from a sanguinary engagement between
two hostile Indian tribes, falls into this chasm

THE WHIRLPOOL.

Another very attractive point of interest which the
tourist will wish to visit is the .

WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS PARK.— (CANADIAN SIDE.)

This new and attractive resort (always in the shade
after noon) is situated on the Canadian side of the
Niagara River Rapids, one minute's walk north of the
Railroad Suspension Bridge, and is reached by a double
hydraulic gravitating elevator running down to the
water's edge. From thence, picturesque, shady and level
walks wind along the edge of the mighty rapids, passing

"let

140 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

a superb fountain throwing up spray to the height of one
hundred feet, across a rustic bridge, beneath which
rushes a beautiful cascade, making three distinct leaps
from the cliffs over two hundred feet above the river. At
the grandest point of the rapids a rustic platform has
been constructed, projecting forty feet over the wildest
part of the river, affording the most sublime view of
these wonderful rapids. Beneath this platform is the
Boiling Well which bubbles up with mighty impetuosity,
bidding defiance to the raging rapids.

Landed at the edge of the Grand Rapids below, the
visitor finds himself in the midst of a scene of wild
grandeur which is almost indescribable. For nearly
250 feet the cliffs rise in a nearly perpendicular line.
Above them and across the gorge stretches the mighty
Suspension Bridge, the passing trains looking like play-
things in the distance. Beyond and through the frame-
work of dark green formed by the overhanging trees,
Niagara rushes ceaselessly, obscured at times by the
clouds of white mist that ascend to the sky, and for the
very obscurity all the more grandly beautiful. Dashing,
roaring, whirling on through the narrow passes, beating
its way against the rocks that for ages have borne up
against the shock, comes the accumulation of waters.
Rising higher and higher as they flow onward, crying
out almost in agony for more room to move, they are
still hemmed in by the silent, awful cliffs. Dashing
onward, driven forward by the never-ending flow from
behind, they reach the most contracted part of the
channel. Here for a moment it seems almost as if the
mighty volume paused, unable to struggle further, and
then, with renewed effort, impelled by some all-powerful

AU-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 14 j '

'r'r'rf'it":' "..'"'" "" ■'" °"^ ^-^ -'-e or

20, 30, J 5 feet into the a r, and with a nn;«r. ^r ^i, ^

bu.. th.o„,h the .>o„ ;oc.s thit Lrrco :et

and bo„^g, ,„, ,,„g. bubbling into crystal foam, at at
It finds , s way ,nto the calm green channel beyond the

pom"- T '* '■' --^-bered that the river "uhi
pomt IS only 300 feet wide, that the Fall, of M
present a front of one and a quarter J^.^^TZ
flow of water over them averages four feet deep i wm

to aTeXft trr - rr ^^

Fans can the visitor obtai°n sTgoof an" d^ o t^r^
volume of water that forces its way through Nia'ra
R.ver, and consequently the Whirlpool Rapids Park hit
a once taken front rank as a point of inter t U
■should be Visited by every one who goes to Niagara

THE THREE SISTERS.

the"'::: :7 ^ rJd "xr '^'-^ ^■•'^^ "^ '"- --

the island fromthS. Mr JollTtT' "" '"""' '"
Mr All^n in tu ■* • ^ot'inson rescued a

startfd iust bef """"7 °' "*'• ^'•- A"™, h-ing
started ust before sun-down for Chippewa, (a villaef

three m.les up the river on the Canada side) had 1

misfortune to break one of his oars in the mTdst of h

xic rans. As his only hope of safetv he

Ia?d k";". ■!'' ""^'"'"^ <^^^ ^- *<= head of 'coa
Island but, fa.hng to stnKe that he was bearing swiftlv

was certain doom, he sprang for the land, and reached it

Ill

142 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

with but little injury. Having matches in his pocket,
he struck a signal light at the head of this island, but it
was not seen until morning. Mr. Robinson rescued him
by means of a boat and cable.

The first of the sisterhood, or the island nearest you,
is called Moss Island. That feathery show of a cataract
between yourself and Moss Island is called the Hermit's
Cascade, from its having been the usual bathing place
of Francis Abbot, the Hermit of Niagara.

THE HERMIT OF THE FALLS.

As we think it will be interesting, we shall relate the
story of this strange person. About twenty-five years
ago, in the glow of early summer, a young stranger of
pleasing countenance and person made his appearance
at Niagara. It was at first conjectured that he was an
artist, a large portfolio, with books and musical
instruments, being among his baggage. He was deeply
impressed with the majesty and sublimity of the
Cataract and the surrounding scenery, and expressed
an intention to remain a week, that he might survey
them at his leisure. But the fascination which all minds
of sensibility feel when in the presence of that glorious
work of the Creator grew strongly upon him, and he
was heard to say that six weeks were insufficient t^
become acquainted with its beauties. At the end of
that period he was still unable to tear himself away, and
desired to "build there a tabernacle," that he might
indulge in his love of solitary musing and admire at
leisure the sublimity of nature. He applied for a spot
on the Three Sisters Island on which to erect a cottage
after a model of his own ; one of the peculiarities of which

AU-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. ,43
was a drawbridge to ensure isolation. Circumstances

residence in an old liouse on Iris Island, which he

enderedas comfortable as the state of the ' case wouW

admit Here he remained about eighteen months, when

the intrusion of a family interrupted his habits of

lltZZTtZT'l- "^■'"-'■"'etlywithdrtU
ProTpec Poiir w;' ''^".'^°"""°'"°- habitation near
wUl, T '" "'"'"■ '^"'^' a -cheerful fire of

wood b a.ed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the lone
hours of evening with reading and music. It was Strang!
to hear in such solitude the long-drawn thrilling notes of
the violin, or the softer melody of the flute at-

out so 1 ghtly am.d the rush and thunder of the never
lumbering torrent. Though the worid of lettL wa

Ind th V ''f V'"'" "''^'^ ''°* '" '''' "ative Europe

Lfold ? ' ' '°"^''' "°' ^"°^'^'-" -* mankind to
unfold or to increase his store of knowledge. Tho e

who had occasionally conversed with him fp'ke ^

^ual surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers

his command of language, and his fervid eloquence but" •

he seldom and sparingly admitted this inte course

stud.ously avoiding society, though there seemedTn h s'

nau,e nothing of misanthropy or moroseness ; on the

animT'Bi'd °"'' ''"'""' '° ^-" '"^ ""mbS
ammal. Birds instinctively learned this amiable trait in

his character, and freely entered his dwelling, to cei^e
from his hands crumbs or seeds.

But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence was
communion with Niagara. Here he might be" e„ at

144 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide.

' !

If-.'

:'tt '

3l •■

' ' ' ' ■;■", '

. 'M-- ;•

\\,f, v

! V--?r

■'';-1 ?':i

^ ■ i i

'^i^-RouHd Route and Panoramic Guide. 145

every hour of the day or mVhf . c
At tl,c gray dawn he L„t ^^^Z 'Tf^^^'-
at noon, he bancueted in th! ^ '^ , If" t! Jl"' '

at solemn mkhiight he knelf nf ,\ ^ ^"^ '^ ' ^"^^
Neither the storms of 7. ^ "'""^^ ^h'"'"^.

Terraoin KWH k "'"^' ="" <;xtension of the

this bea. He often passed'an'd r^p dTnTe'd T'
of n ght. He even t..^i. 1 H'^-^-^ea m the darkness

an^rt^he'^e^H^riTr-^'^ -■^'•\ ^"" - Ll

gratifications, was that ofZh- °u^ *"' '"^'"""'^

daily. °'^ ''^"''"S. ■" which he indulged

On a bright but rather chilly day in the month of June
^t^jJ, a man employed ahnnf fV. r , j^mt,

the water, and fo'r a'long ."^e ,f er^b "".''" ^° '"'"
to be still lying upontL b^nk T, '""'■^<^'°'''^-^
taken his last bith l^ ^^ ^'^' ^""'"^'^ had

have beenrdu: -by' hrchn^fr T 'T'' ""'''
water. Still the boL ^ atmosphere, or the

force of th curren' be, K " '°""'' ""= "^P'^ and

the course of Z-'seath"' th:""^ ''";""^'^ ^^^^'^ ^"
pool. There am d Z t r '"''"'' °" *° "'^ Whirl-
making fearful a^drfr '"^ ''''"^' ^^'^ *<= "ody,
black latet At so'm '^""°"; "P""" "^^ ^^^ °' "-

plunged a^d dtp ^''^'^l: ^f " ' '"''"''
j^ i-F drca. agam emergmg, it was

146 A II- Round Rmite and Panoramic Guide.

pill

i4;

fearful to sec it leap half its length above the flood, then
float motionless as if exhausted, and anon spring upward
and seem to struggle like a maniac battling with a
mortal foe. For days and nights this terrible scene was
prolonged. It was not until the 21st of June, that after
many efforts they were able to recover the body and
bear it to his desolate cottage. There they found his
faithful dog guarding the door. Heavily had the long
period worn away while he watched for his only friend,
and wondered why he delayed his coming. He
scrutinized the approaching group suspiciously, and
would not willingly have given them admittance. A
stifled wail at length showed his intuitive knowledge of
his master, whom the work of death had effectually
disguised from the eyes of man. On the pillow was his
pet kitten, and in different parts of rhe room were his
guitar, flute, violin, portfolio and books scattered, "the
books open as if recently used. It was a touching
sight ; the hermit mourned by his humble retainers, the
poor animals that loved him, and the body ready to be
laid by strange hands in a foreign grave.

The motives that led this singular and accomplished
being, learned in the languages, in the arts and sciences,
improved by extensive travel, and gifted with personal
beauty and a feeling heart, to seclude himself in the
flower of youth from human society, are still enveloped
in mystery. All that is known is that his name was
Francis Abbott, that he was a native of England, where
his father was a clergyman, and that he received from
thence ample remittances for his comfort. These facts
had been previously ascertained, but no written papers
were found in his cell to throw additional light upon the

'niKTIIkKKsrSTKRimiDCiKS

each other and from ctrn'': *' ''"''™' ^'^'"^ f™'"
grand views of th^ R ° ', ^'''"'^1 P^^^^"«"g "ew and

any other poin^ht'f "1 ^"^' ""^""^"'^'^ f™-
and beauty Thev .,., u u ''^^'^ ^"''''"^ ^'^^ngth

■>. h'gher .^ thl'S S'a X"'^"!!^ T^^' ''-
to their strength. "^ *"''' ">"' adding

a.o fastened int:r:;r,::ir;r"-^^t' ^--^ r

construction of the railing ,hh u ^^^ P^'^""'"'

-nd beauty. A fourttlnd or""". '° ""'^ ^'""^^
While the bridge, were Sg XT';. H trV
also been thrown Fmm fi, u , ' ^ ^''^8^^ ^as

-y be seen one"" co^Touf Ca^e I S„?^ 1^'^^
as far as the eve mn . u ^ "^^"^ ^'^ ^all, extending

the Canada Tore v"t;r ^"' '^'^"^ -™- '°
^^^^. Fro. tV^alrNilgarrr'^^^^""

tHey areoJof the^ rnTf;r Hf Nia^a?' ^^

or)^rpi:::rr:tiS°-----e!;h^

the sky." As thev n?= ?! '"'' '"^"^ted, against

lil

i . .-t'

V. ' .

-. A ,f'

K
III

- 1

148 All-Rouyid Route and Panoramic Guide.

the veq;e, resignation ;.eems to come over them, and in
apparent calmness they accept their fate, and in an
instant pass beyond our view.

It is now nearly 200 years since the eye of the Euro-
pean first saw these v^onderful rapids and falls. Father
Hennepin, in 1678, was conducted by the Indians to this
spot, and there beheld the " wonder of the world." For
ages before his visit, and for nearly two centuries since,
the mighty river has continued to flow in " floods so
grand and inexhaustible, as to be utterly unconscious of
the loss of the hundred millions of tons, which they
pour every hour over the stupendous precipice."

" Still do these waters roll, and leap, and roar, and
" tumble all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning
" them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on
" them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still,
" when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem
•* to crumble away like the front of a great chalk cliff, or
" roll down the rock like dense white smoke. But always
" does the mighty stream appear :o die as it comes down,
" and always from the unfathomable grave arises that
" tremendous ghost of spra> and mist v/hich is never
" laid, which has haunted this place with the samfe dread
" solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that
" first flood before the deluge— Light— came rushing on
" creation at the Word of God."

Luna Island is beautifully placed just in the very
curve of the fall. This island, as it appears in its summer
as well as its winter dress, is graphically described in
" Pictur-sque Amenca/' from which we quote as follows :
" It is pleasant jnough in summer, for it has evergreens,
trees, and bushes, grasses and wild flowers in abundance,'

luide,

them, and in
\ and in an

of the Euro-
falls. Father
ndians to this
world." For
nturies since,
1 " floods so
nconscious of
which they
ice."

nd roar, and
ws spanning^
he sun is on
gold. Still,
now, or seem
:halk cliff, or
. But always
comes down,
: arises that
lich is never
: samfe dread
iep, and that
: rushing on

in the very
1 its summer
described in
i as follows :
evergreens,
abundance^

An.Rou,ul Route and Pamramic Guide. ^49
there is a moon a fin/l u "'^^^ ^^"^^' "^^^

bHd.e that cZ:Jz^o::iLr^ r- ^-^

name. But the frr-pi- o-i^ ^"^^siand, and hence its

winter, when a. th" g£ L° L " '''T' '" '" '"^
spray. The grasses arfno '""""''^ *'■"• ''™^«"

-chparticuIa'rbradeTreaSin'"""'^!" '"'''' ""'
"londs, and flashes rad.W. . ^^^^'"'^ "^ <^'^-

Kvery tree, ^c^^^!^ ^' :::!Z'^r''--

a fine coating J^^^^ "^^ -e-d with

boughs and branches are hi; .i. '' "^'""'^ ""e

twigs, and gives Lth:S*i^-!^7.'°t^"P- the

■-esemble the uncouth joi^ tL c:"us T '"^"^
evergreens the snrpxr k1- . cactus. In some

Partfc.es. for^sl ^p, ^ ^1 !"^ '"' °'^^^-"°-

the twigs and the n^sShe Lncht^ '^T'l °'
to the verge of the fail , , "^"^^- -^hose close

da-ling hel of colkc! h7 '^"' '° ^"'P'^'^'y ^"h
often gL way n1 K ??"'P'''^*^"''^''^^n*es

hashing ao::Vcru:s„;trn^''Se'^^^^ rr

about it inltousan/vr-''''^''^'''^^'^'"--'^
down from the verg a„d T^.^P"- ^^^ ^ P^^^P
tlie smoke of the wat'erfaH ^ " °^ "'^ ""''' ='"<^

the ice. It stre^hlf ,„ • T' ^ '""""■°" ^"'^'^ to
the bottom of 1 fa, , " r' 'r'"""^ '■-'" "- top to
^s one reads of ? the f f ' ' °"""'" '^ ''°''"^d. such

alabaster and m'rS d t d '""I °' "^ ^^^^' ""-

' J^d^ -nd porphyry, are carried to

r f

' i

150 All-Round Route and Pafwramic Guide,

the skies in the tremendous palaces of pre-Adaniite
kings. The frozen spray, descending upon these, covers
them with a delicate tracery of flowers and ferns, and
even of resemblance to human heads, which is a
beautiful and strange sight.

"In winter time we may not descend on the American
side; but, if we might, surely we should discern the
most wondrous ice configurations along the verge of the
pathway. The descent can be made at this time under
the Table Rock ; and the visitor passes from the stair-
ways into a defile of the kind that Dante dreamed of in
his frozen Bolgia. Along the side of the rock walls are
rows of stalactites, about the size of the human body, to
which all of them bear a quaint resemblance. Upon
the other side, massed along the verge of the bank, are
ice heaps that mount up fifty feet into the troubled air^
some of them partially columnar in shape, but the
majority looking like coils of enormous serpents that
have been changed by the rod of the enchanter into
sullen ice.

" It must be remembered that, if winter gives much,,
it also takes away much. If it covers the trees and the
grass with diamonds, and heaps up ice-serpents, and
builds colonnades and spires and obelisks, it takes away
a great part of the volume of the water, for the
thousand rills that feed the great lakes have been rent
from the hills by the fierc- hand of the frost giant, and
clank around his waist as a girdle. Those who love
color and"light, and majesty of sound, will do well to
come in the summer ; those who like the strange, the
fantastic, and the fearful, must come in the winter. But
the true lover of the picturesque in Nature, will come at

All-Round Route a,ui Panoramic Guide. , j ,

both times. Each has its special charm- each h«
some thing which the other lacks • but il tl
features of transcendent beauty ' '" ""^ ^''

We shall now conduct our tourist to one soot on th.

mLl^e L r I [ "^"'^" "°"''' ^''"°«' ^eem too

d^cnbe .t As we gaze we realize to some slight extent
the tremendous power of the fall as well as fts hetlt
A celebrated English visitor at this spot ex^Lest^'
admiration m the following terms • " I n„, ^ !^^ '"^
first Sight of that wondrfur:^io„ iZI TfLZ
P^nmagefrom England to see. I have since Can
opportumty of making it a study, and my convictbn fe
that .f there ,s anything in the world which defies a
once description and analysis, and which excit^ fn the
beholder by turns, ideas of grandeur, beauty termor
power, sublimity, it is exoressed ;- .u / '

Niagara T 1,, expressed .., that one word—

iMiagara. I have seen t n the most r,f it.
asoects I I,,,,. J °' ''^ summer

aspec s. I have gazed upon the marvellous panorama
rom the rapids above, to the whirlpool below Tw

beL d:r d Xits'sp tr \t ': '-T'-'

fu u .1 , spray, i have dreamed over h

through the hot afternoon, and have heard it thunder iL

In trrt"; '^i "■■^'''- °" *" *^ "^^^diands, izz

all the .slands, I have stood entranced and wondering"

if„;;ii|

kiii

'^:

5 I

152 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

while the mist has shrouded it, and while the sun has
broken it into rainbows. J have seen it fleecy as the
snowflake ; deepening into the brightest emerald ; dark
and leaden as the angriest November sky, — but in all its
moods there is instruction, solemnity, delight, Stable in
its perpetual instability ; changeless in its everlasting
change ; a thing to be * pondered in the heart,' like the
revelation to the meek Virgin of old ; with no pride in
the brilliant hues that are woven in its eternal loom ;
with no haste in the majestic roll of its waters ; with no
weariness in its endless psalm — it remains through the
eventful years an embodiment of unconscious power, a
living inspiration of thought, and poetry, and worship, —
a magnificent apocalypse of God."

TO DETROIT AND CHICAGO.

VIA HAMILTON, PARIS AND LONDON, BY THE GREAT WESTERN DIVISION
G. T. R. AND MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS.

p in all likelihood many of our tourists who have
never visited these large Western cities, may
desire whilst at Niagara to take a run — even if
only for a brief period — to the principal business
localities in the Western States, we have thought it
desirable to refer to them as they will amply compensate
for any time spent in visiting them, and really ought to
be seen by all those who consider themselves travelers.
A few hours ride over the Great Western Division, from
Suspension bridge, through a pleasant country around
Thorold, the crossing point of the great Welland Ship
Canal recently deepened, and we come to St. Catharines,
with a population of 11,000, pleasantly situated,
frequented as a place of resort for invalids, from Canada

rt'

f DIVISION

Atl-Rmmd Route and Pamramic Guide. 153

and the United State., and noted for its mineral springs
of much efficacy. Thence passing Grimsby, situated
near the shore of LaWp nf.t„..„ • '^"■"cu

beautiful °' "'^ '"■"■'° ^' *«

CITY OF HAMILTON.
.|HIS city was laid out and settled in 1813. It is
built on a plateau of slightly elevated ground
wmdmg around the foot of a hilly range which
extends from Niagara Falls, and which he^e receives tht

C.TV OK .UM.LTON. snoWiNO r„K COKE ON KINrs™^;::

name of "The Mountain." Th* streets are wide and
for the most part cros. each other at right anglT Kin^

Sth':f7T' 'T^'^^^'^' ^-fhrougSeent
breadth of the city. Near the centre of this street is a

.s Market Square, on which stands the snacious public
buUdmg used as civic offices and a mark.^ Th" banks
and many of the churches are handsome structures and

1 54 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

on the rising ground approaching the mountain are many
elegant residences. The city contains about 25 churches
several banks, a (Wesleyan) Female College, and a large
number of manufactories. Hamilton was the headquarters
of the Great Western Railway o^ Canada, and here the
general offices, engine shops and workshops are located.
The population of the city is about 27,000, and the city
is 43 miles from Suspension Bridge and 1 87 miles east
from Detroit.

At Hamilton, connection is made for Toronto and all
the eastern Canadian cities, via the Toronto Branch of
the Great Western Division of G. T. Railway; and
thence by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation
Company's Steamers ;for Montreal and all points east.
Continuing our journey we pass west from Hamilton
seven miles, to Dundas, with many manufactures and
very fine scenery. From here the country through
which the train passes is tinimportant, until arriving at
Harrisburg, where connections are made northward by
the Grand Trunk Railroad to Berlin, Guelph and to Paris,
which is a thriving town with important water power and
manufactories of various kinds. Here connections are
made north-westward to Goderich and Lake Hurbn ;
south-eastward to Bufifalo, by Goderich branch of the
Grand Trunk Railroad. Travelling forty-seven miles
west from Paris, through a fine agricultural district, in
which the scenery is pleasantly diversified, we reach the

CITY OF LONDON,

One hundred and nineteen miles west from Suspension
Bridge, and one hundred and ten miles east of Detroit,
with a population of 30,000. It is situated in the midst

AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ,55

of the finest agricultural region of Canada, and is favor '
aby known for its White Sulphur Sp ings and it:
extensive n,anufactures. The stLts and „f:ny of the
publ,c bu,ld.ngs, are called by the same names as those

BrE lead ^'"''' '"' ^«^'""-'- and Blackfriars
itadges lead us across its narrow line. The public
bu,ld,ngs are very fine, and its numerous church^ are
choice m architectural design.

yea^rrwhlh*"' """" k™"^ ""' improvements of late
years which are worthy of notice, especially the new
water works located about five miles below the cUy o^

I sutssfu?;T' ""'. *' "^" ^^^ ^'""P-y- "Wch I on
a successful footmg, the city being now lighted with gas

ward t! ^rr""''"' '""'"^^ connections :-North-
ward to St. Marys, via the Grand Trunk Railroad •
southward to Port Stanlfv ,.n i ,1, t:- ■ "^^''^ad ,

Petrolia YOil-Centrerand P . « "' ^'''"^''* "^

the St. cU sriri Hur ' " *^ ^"'^^-^ °^

the^SVwi:ds:r'°a:f ! r" "^'"^ '"^ '°-'^'-

Citv of n.f !; '"'"°'' *"<' a few mmutes more to the

where difetr' °" '^' °PP°""^ ^'"^ °' ^^^^ St. Clair,
where direct connections are made for the West North

and North-West, and all points in Michigan.
CITY OF DETROIT.
|ETROIT is one of the oldest cities on the
contment, having been founded as a French
Missionary Station in 1670. The city, which is
known [as the "Oty of the Straits," extends'^^long the
Detroit River for about 3 miles, and is built up Lut

I!" I

J I III

156 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

2]/^ miles from the water. The streets are wide and
beautifully shaded by trees* The churches are
numerous, and in many instances very beautiful; the
private residences are surrounded by spacious grounds,
tastefully ornamented, and the stores and public
buildings are metropolitan in size and appearance. The
principal buildings worthy a visit are the Custom House
and Post Office on Griswold street. The Board of
Trade Building and the Michigan Central Freight
Depot should by all means be seen. It is of immense
size and costly construction, 1,250 feet long and 102
wide, covered by a self-supporting iron roof. Here is
also located the great Locomotive Round House, also
large Grain Elevators. The new Opera House is like-
wise worthy of inspection. The most notable churches
are St. Pauls (Episcopal), with the peculiarity of having
a roof without columns ; Christ, St. John's and Grace,
all of the same denomination ; Fort Street Presbyterian ;
Central Methodist (Episcopal) ; St. Paul (Catholic) ; St.
Anne's (Catholic), with very fine choir, etc. Detroit has
also elaborate water-works, as well as large manufactur-
ing and shipping interests in grain and provisions, etc.
Detroit is alv/ays a pleasant place to visit. In summer
pleasure excursions are a daily occurrence, and the
beautiful river affords ample opportunity for the members
of the Detroit " River Navy," with its fleet of a couple
of hundred yachts, to exercise before the gaze of
assembled thousands on the shore, who gather to witness
the grand "Reviews" each season. We would advise
the tourist -O visit the pretty Cemetery and the outskirts
of the city, which in all directions are very fine, and
will well repay a drive, or a long " constitutional."

le and
is are
Lil; the
rounds,

public
I. The

House
)ard of
Freight
nmense
ad 102
Here is
ise, also
is like-
hurches

having

Grace,
terian ;
ic) ; St.
roit has
ufactur-
)ns, etc.
mmmer
nd the
lembers
I couple
^aze of
witness
1 advise
(utskirts
ne, and
itional."

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158

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

DETROIT TO CHICAGO.

JEAVING Detroit, we proceed to visit Chicago,
the "New York of the West." Most of our
pleasure-seekers may have already visited the
Lion City, but to those who have not made the journey
within the last few years, we would advise them by all
means to extend their absence from home for at least a few
days, and go and see the march of progress being made
by our western friends. Taking the splendidly equipped
train of the Michigan Central Railway from the Union
Depot at Detroit, and after ten hours of as comfortable
traveling, over one of the finest road-beds, with well
ballasted track, laid with steel rails, a;s can be obtained
on the continent, you will find yourself in Chicago.
Leaving Detroit by this popular route the train passes

through the suburbs of this beautiful city for a distance
of three miles to Grand Trunk Junction, where
connections are made with the Grand Trunk, and
Detroit branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern Railways. Seven miles west we pass Dear-
born, where the Detroit Arsenal is situated near Rough
River. The next place f f importance to the traveler is
Ypsilante, thirty miles west from Detroit, which is a
beautiful town of Michigan, having a population of
5,500; here is located the State Normal School.

All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 59

Passing along the Huron River for a distance of eigl,t
m,les we amve at Ann Arbor, whieh is a ve.y large and
handsome town of 8,500 inhabitants, finely situa^d on
an elevated plateau, with beautiful shrubbery and many
handsome buildings; the Universitv of U^Zi
located here and is an institution of wide influen f'ith
vaned course of study; it contains a very fi"e
observatory, as well as other attractive features. W-
mg this enterpnsmg town we continue our journey west-
ward, and passing through a very fine agricultural selt on
of country we find the broad acres of Michigan arrtst

fa™? antfThe' dt ''""'^ ""'"^^ ^"' '""^'^ -'''^^
arms, all of the d.iTerent towns and villages throueh

wh.ch we pass are growing fast both i^„ size aid

.nfluence, and the evidences of industry and thrift are
v^b e on every hand. Having traveled 38 m les wi^

om i^nicago. Jackson has a population of
.6000, and is a thriving and very enterpnig city" s

ides of" h'e r"' H i"'"" ^°""'^' ^"-''^ - "'h
sides of the Grand R.ver, at an elevation of 440 feet

above Lake Michigan, and has many manufacturTwkh

an .mportant coal trade from the mines in the mm«jT^e

neighborhood. Jackson' has also very extensivT" Hwav

connections ; it is the southern terminus of the SaJ Iw

Division of the Michigan Central Railway and X

south-eastern terminus of the Grand Rapids Div'sl of

the Michigan Central Railway: it is also the e^Ln

junction of the Air Line Division with the main lof

Fort Wa"v rt " r" ^^ "'^ "°^"'-" '-""' o
^r 1'^;''^'''''°"^ Saginaw R.R.; and the Lake
Shore & Michigan Southern Railway from Adrian make

l6o Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

•: '■«

•M

. :;;l

Si!

111

I I

i |il

* )i

J}'i^\ )

W-'I

connections at this point. Leavinpf Jackson, 20 miles
distant, is Albion with a population of 3,000 ; here the
Albion College is located. Twelve miles west of Albion
we arrive at Marshall, where the trains both east and west
remain twenty minutes for refreshments — the meals first
class in every respect. Marshall has a population of
3,806, where are located the extensive repair shops of
the Company ; it also has large paper manufactories.
Resuming our journey for thirteen miles we arrive at
Battle Creek, an extensive manufacturing town with a
population of 7,500; the extensive flour mills here
located are worthy of special notice by the traveller ; here
is to be seen one of the finest water powers in the State*
From Battle Creek west, for a distance of 23 miles, the
Michigan Central Railway passes through the very
garden of the State, where are to be seen some of the
finest farms, with their golden fields of grain presenting
to the traveller a beautiful picture, until arriving at
Kalamazoo, which is one of the largest towns in the
State, with much shaded beauty, and with many very
handsome residences, and is the seat of a Baptist College
and the State Insane Asylum — one of the best managed
institutions of its kind in the country. Kalamazoo is a
very thriving manufacturing artd commercial town, with
a population of 1 1,93 7, and is 144 miles west from Detroit
and 140 east from Chicago, with extensive railway con-
nections, north-west to Grand Haven and Lake
Michigan, also to Grand Rapids ; south-eastward to
Fort Wayne, and from Kalamazoo by Lawton (with
extensive iron works) we arrive at Niles, 47 miies from
Kalamazoo, 191 miles horn Detroit, 93 from Chicago,
with a population of 5,cc:k Nile > is a town of con-

AU.Rb„»4 Route and Panoramic Guide. , 6 ,

on the b Joseph R.ver; it is the western junction ol
c nts^'ri:"^:""""'^"" ^^"'^'" '^^'"way. whic

nor: :^^.T^ijj- ^^^

4.U Ti/r- 1 . oouin tJend Division ni

the M.ch,gan Central. Niles is also the Lst
important town in Herrien Countv r \-
journey ,ti„ t,..™,h . beautifu.rln of tt^^U";
m,les, we reach Ne.- Buffalo, which is the wes.e n terlru
« the Ch,cn,„ and West Michigan Railway ; at tW pi
alltra„,so/ the Michigan Central Railwa; make cCe
connecfons forall points on the eastern sho^eof Uke
Michigan. New Buffalo is a modern town of ,,450 , out

^'ty, 228 miles from Detroit and 56 from ChicaL

A balT'r'i"" "^ "^""^ "'* "^^ LouisviHe New
Albany & Chicago, also the Indianapolis, P^u I

^xtreme southern point of Lake Michigan ; it is the

Frrn's Fro^ ^ '^ °"' °^ *^ '^° '"^iana State

iou nev to rT- 'T'"'''" ^'^*'°" '^^ fasten on our
journey to Chicago, by the town of Lake ,. m;i

distant from Michigan City; this is the etSn tLt:

^ line .0 Johet; 2, miles west from here lie,

l:m.trcrarTrir^ •^'"' '^^ --

though a fine -ion r^nt';?^^ Sg'^aS

ar S r J lTd*^ ^""""^ °^ chicago,'„Lr::

nve in the Union Depot at the foot of Lake street
where direct connections are made in the same deS
for a 1 points west, east, north and north-west, south a'nd

[62 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

,t f. '

south-west. The distance traveled between Detroit and
Chicago by the Michigan Central Railway, has been 284
miles. We now call ^he tourist's attention to the most
enterprising ciiy in America, and we shall in the
following pages briefly endeavor to describe to our
readers

CHICAGO AS IT WAS, AND AS IT IS.

^^HICAGO is in many respects one of the most
spectacular cities in America ; its magnificence is
all the more striking because it is so young in
years, so far in the interior, and has passed through an
ordeal of fire which would have ruined any other city
forever. It is only strict truth to say that the " Queen
of the Lakes" is more beautiful and splendid to-day
than she was at the time of the great conflagration of
1871.

The first permanent settlement was made on the site
of Chicago in 1804, during which year Fort Dearborn
was built. This was abandoned in 18 12, and finally
demolished in 1856. The town was first organized
in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. At the first
official census, taken in 1837, the entire population was
set down at 4170. The population by the census of
188 1 is 503,304 Its growth has been marvellous during
this brief interval, but it was temporarily checked by the
tremendous fire which occurred on the night of October
8th, 1 87 1. The whole area burned over, including streets,
wasViearly three and a third square miles. The number
of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered
homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. Not in-
cluding depreciation of property and loss of business, it

ie.

)etroit and
,s been 284
o the most
ill in the
ibe to our

IT IS.

r the most
jnificence is
o young in
through an
' other city
the " Queen
idid to-day
lagration of

on the site
t Dearborn
and finally
t organized
At the first
)ulation was
le census of
:llous during
eked by the
t of October
iding streets.
The number
ns rendered
)0. Not in-
f business, it

i||S'i'i

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svt

164 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

is estimated that the total loss occasioned by the fire was
$190,000,000, of which about $40,000,000 was recovered
on insurance, though one of the chief results of the fire

THE GREAT CHICAGO MASSACRE.

was to bankrupt many of the insurance companies, all
over the country. The business of the city was interrupted
but a short time, however. In the course of a few weeks

.■..>i-'^:fi

All. Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 165

many merchants had resumed trade in temporary wooden
buildmgs. Within one year after the catastrophe a large

part of the burnt district had been rebuilt, and at present
no trace remains, except the improved architectural

1 66 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

appearance of the city. Two years later, in July, 1874,
another great fire took place in an adjoining section-

^':>^■

^! i

Eighteen blocks, or sixty acres, and about $4,000,000
worth of property were destroyed. Chicago is situated

de.

July, 1874,
ng section*

I--

H
CO

•A

$4,000,000

is situated

10.

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1 68 Ali-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide.

on the Western shore of Lake Michigan, at the mcuth of
the Chicago and Calumet rivers ; by means of the former,

All-Rmmd Route and Pamramic Guide. 169

and the Illinoi., and Michigan canal, it has continuous
commun,cat.on with the Mississippi River and the Gulf
of Mexico on the South and West ; and by the chain of
he Great Lakes with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic
Ocean on the East. There is no inland city in the world
that possesses greater facilities for commercial intercourse.
The site of the city i,, a gently inclined plane, the ground
m the western part, 3 miles from the Lake, being from
15 to 18 feet above the level of the Lake. The streets
are generally eighty feet wide and are very regularly
bu.lt. They cross each other at right angles, and are for
he most part, paved with stone or with wood ; many of
them are from five to ten miles in length. Chicago is
divided by the river and its branches, into three parts
known as the North, West, and South sides, which
are connected by about 50 bridges, while two stone tunnels
connect the main avenues of travel leading from the city
proper to the northern and western divisions. These
divisions are subdivided into twenty wards, and contain
nearly 800 streets, avenues, and alleys. The river and
ship canals afford a magnificent harbor for the largest
vessels, for more than ten miles. At the entrance of the
first there is, a large iron light-house

The city is beautifully laid out in broad and shady
streets the principal of which for business purposes is
State Street, the " Broadway " of Chicago, while Michigan
avenue, (which fronts along the Lake), Wabash avenue
Prairie avenue. South Park avenue. West Washington
street, and North Dearborn street, are distinguished by
the great number of princely edifices, which are perfect
models of architectural design, and are adorned with rows
of luxuriant trees. The system of parks and boulevards

^11

n-0'

170 All-Round Route and Panorauiic Guide.

in Chicago is the most extensive of any city in the world.
The Drexel, for instance, is 200 feet wide, from beginning
to end, and is built on the model of the Avenue de
L'Imperatrice, Paris, justly considered the finest boulevard
in Europe. On South Water street are situated the prin-
cipal warehouses and large wholesale stores, and in Lake
street also, a large part of the wholesale business is done,
while many of the largest and most elegant of the whole-
sale houses are now located on Michigan and Wabash
avenues, making a gradual inroad upon a favorite resi-
dence locality. Among the objects of great interest in
what the proud citizens call the "new Chicago," may be
named the large and beautiful Lincoln Park situated on
the Lake shore, north of the city, with its numerous
charming drives along the shores of Lake Michigan, a
very perfect zoological garden, a charming little lake,
superb fountains, making it attractive as a drive or pro-
menade.

Another favorite resort is Union Park, situated in the
western division, older than Lincoln Park, with beautiful
lakes, fountains, &c., a complete zoological collection,
pagodas, a music pavilion ; it enjoys great popularity as
a place of promenade, and for the open air concerts given
every evening during the summer. Besides the above
mentioned parks there is Lake Park, with a beautiful lo-
cation running down the Lake shore south of the city to
Hyde Park and Hyde Park House, a favorite driving
and bathing resort, at the southern extremity. The south
and west side parks are very extensive and beautiful ;
Dearborn, Jefferson, and other minor parks and Haverly's
Trotting Park, are also all well worthy of a visit. The
principal cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary,

ie.

1 the world.
I beginning
U'enue de
: boulevard
i the prin-
nd in Lake
ess is done,
the vvhole-
d Wabash
/orite resi-
interest in
o," may be
lituated on

numerous
Michigan, a

little lake,
rive or pro-

ited in the
th beautiful

collection,
pularity as
icerts given

the above
eautiful lo-

the city to
-ite driving
, The south
beautiful ;
d Haverly's
visit. The
1, Calvary,

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174 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

I ■"■

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lit

and Oak Woods, are beautifully laid out and kept in the
most perfect order, and for thbse lugubriously inclined a
visit to them would, no doubt, be pleasant.

Chicago is also the gj^reatest live stock market in the
world. Lying at some distance west of the city are the
great Union Stock Yards, which are a wonderful sight to
see, being a little world in themselves. The amount of
land controlled by the comj)any is 345 acres, ofvvhich the
yards and pens occupy 146 acres. The present capacity
of these yards is 25,000 head of cattle, 100,000 head of
hogs, 22,000 sheep, besides which there are stalls for 500
horses, making a total capacity of 147,000 head. Quite
a large town has sprung up in the inmiediate vicinity,
with post-offic, bank, telegraph office, churches and
schools. The yards are connected with all the railways
centreing in Chicago.

The lumber trade of this marvellous city has grown so
much, especially of late, that it would perhaps not be
wild to assert that Chicago leads the world in this branch
of business also. There are over 300 firms engaged in it,
and between fifteen and twenty million feet of lum-
ber are annually handled. The great pineries of Michi-
gan and Wisconsin are the principal sources of supply.

Another of Chicago's great industries is that of pork
and beef packing, and a special feature is the great favor in
which its summer packed meats have grown, both in this
country and in Europe. The demand for the latter is
steadily increasing,

Chicago is furthermore the greatest railway centre in the
world, some forty-five lines coming into the city. There is
a dash of grandeur in almost everything in the way of
public works, undertaken by Chicago. The Water- works,

ide,

kept in the
/ inclined a

rket in the
:ity are the
rful sight to
amount of
)f which the
nt capacity
DO head of
alls for 500
;ad. Quite
te vicinity,
jrches and
le railways.

IS grown so
aps not be
this branch
gaged in it,
L't of lum-
s of Michi-
>f supply,
lat of pork
eat favor in
both in this
he latter is

entre in the
y. There is
the way of
ater- works,

iy6 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

which have been pronounced by those who are competent
to judge, to be the finest and most extensive on the
American Continent, if not in the world, are a proof of
this. They consist of a water tower, 1 60 feet high, up which
water is forced by four of the most powerful engines,
having a pumping capacity of 74,500,000 gallons daily.

STOCK PENS AT UNION STOCK YARDS, CHICAGO.

The water comes through a tunnel extending two miles
out under the lake, thus securing perfect purity to the
water, and another tunnel supplies the south-west portion
of the city. There are also about 40 Artesian wells,
which yield an abundance of water.

The terrible experiences of the city have prompted
this extraordinary precaution against fire, and the

tide.

e competent
isive on the
; a proof of
gh, up which
ful engines,
illons daily.

ig two miles
)urity to the
•west portion
'tesian wells,

fQ prompted
re, and the

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178 All-RoHJtd Route and Panoramic Guide,

splendid building law now in force further provides
against the same, by forbidding the erection of frame

THE NEW WATER WORKS AND TOWER, CHICAGO.

buildings of any kind, inside the limits of the city. No
wooden cornice or wooden roof of any description is

ther provides
:tion of frame

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 179

permitted, and no wooden building now in existence, if
damaged by fire to the extent of 50 per cent., can be
repaired.

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, CHICAGO.

The public institutions of Chicago are in keeping with
its industrial and commercial standing. Its public schools
are surpassed by none in the country, whether in

''^^'.iiiii

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HISSK^Sn^H^

*}'::'

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1 80 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,-

regard to the beauty of the buildings, or the number of
attendants. Special pride has been taken in this respect,
and it is gratifying to know that Chicago leads the West
in its encouragement of popular education. The Public

Library, the nucleus of which was contributed by Eng-
lish, and other authors of renown, in 1872, now counts
over 6o,0(X) volumes, and the Academy of Sciences, which
had lost its previous collection by the fire in 1871, i-

"ruide.'

he number of

n this respect,

jads the West

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All-Round Route mid Panoramic Guide, 181

now rapidly recuperating both in its museum and library ;
colleges and academies of different denominations are

numerous and flourishing, and the University of Chicago
iias a reputation second to none in the West. Asylums

li;i:i|i;:ii!i:

182 All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

•i'«fciiL

M.l>i!t '

Guide.

.^>**

ICAGO

s ana Bouleyartls.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 1 83

and hospitals, devoted to the sufiferings of humanity are
not only numerous, but carried on in a style of rare muni-
ficence.

So much worthy of description has crowded itself
upon us, that we have omitted to mention the grain trade
of Chicago, perhaps the greatest industry of the city.
Chicago is not only the headquarters of the grain trade
of America, but -t is also the greatest grain market in the
world. It has 25 elevators, with an aggregate storage
capacity of 20,000,000 bushels of grain. The speed and
dexterity with which vessels and cars are loaded and un-
loaded is perfectly marvellous, and no tourist should fail
to go and watch the operation for a short time. To see
how business is done in Chicago, and to form some idea
of the immensity of the transactions, the tourist should
by all means pay a visit to the Chamber of Commerce,
situated corner of Washington and La Salle streets. It
is considered one of the noblest and most complete
buildings of its class in the world. It was opened with
very impressive ceremonies in the fall of 1872, and
Chicago is justly proud of this magnificent structure.

Chicago has many magnificent mercantile buildings,
banking houses, stock exchange, &c., in which respect
the re-built city far excels even its ambitious predecessor,
and rivals all others.

With regard to hotels no place in America can vie
with Chicago ; most of them being built since the fire,
and furnished with lavish cost and great completeness.
There is the Palmer House, a thorou^-hly fire-proof hotel,
occupying the entire block in State street, between
Wabash Avenue and Munroe street. The Grand Pacific
is not at all inferior to this, occupying a half block on

184 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

■1

Jackson, Clark, Adams, and La Salle streets. The New
Sherman House, in the central business part of the city,
fronting on Clark and Randolph streets, is practically
fire-proof, and watched with such unceasing care, that no
one in any part of the house need feel the least anxiety ;
practical experience has proved the " Sherman " to be
satisfactory in every respect.

The Tremont House, styled the palace hotel of
Chicago, is located on the corner of Lake and Dear-
born streets. This house has the world-wide reputation
of being one of the finest structures of its kind on either
continents, and is considered one of the features of the
city, both in external architecture and internal arrange-
ment ; it possesses all the appurtenances of many a
palace, with its spacious halls and luxurious suites of
apartments, and commends itself to travellers of either
continent, as a type of that world-famous institution, the
luxurious modern American Hotel.

The Gardner House is another of Chicagos favorite
hotels, and for several years past has held the reputation
of being one of the best managed hotels in the Western
States.

Chicago has many very large and fine Railway
Depots, for the accommodation of the many and
extensive roads finding their centre there.

Among the extensive manufactories may be mentioned
the McCormack Reaper Manufactory, which is the
largest of the kind in the world, situated on the corner
of Blue Island and Western avenues, and the extensive
bridge-building works of the American Company,
situated on Egan avenue.

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 185

The principal places of amusement are Haverly's
Theatre, corner of Dearborn and Munroe streets ; Mc-
Vicker's, near the corner of Madison and State streets ;
Hooley's, adjoining Sherman House block on Randolph,
near La Salle.

Chicago is not only the terminus of the five great
through trunk lines, from the Atlantic sea-board cities,
New York, Boston, Montreal, Philadelphia, and Balti-
more, but it is also the head of the several grand divi-
sions viz, the Chicago, Rock Island, and Chicago, Bur-
lington and Quincy, and Chicago and Northwestern
Railways, which form the overland route across the Great
West to the Paciric, as well as of the ever popular
Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railway, to St. Louis and
Kansas City, Mo., the Illinois Central and the Chicago,
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways. Thence next via either
the Kansas Pacific Division of the Union Pacific, or via
the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railways to all points
in Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Idaho and New Mexico.

Leaving Chicago, if our reader will kindly follow us,-
we shall with pleasure conduct him to Milwaukee,
which may be reached either by rail or steamer.

FROM CHICAGO TO MILWAUKEE.

If the tourist can spare the time before returning to
the east, a most enjoyable and healthful trip may be
made by taking the magnificent steamers of the Good-
rich line to Milwaukee, or by Railway, via the elegantly
equipped trains of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul
Railway, which h one of the best managed railways in
America.

li;-=

'%,

1 86 Ail-Round Route atui Panoramic Guide.
CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS,

VIA THE CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND ST. PAUL R. R.

SLEEPING CARS, between Chicago and St. Paul,
fare $2.00; between Milwaukee and La Crosse,
fare $1.50 — in addition to railway ticket. Parlor,
cars between Chicago and Milwaukee.

Trains leave the elegant new Union Depot at Canal,
Madison and Adams Streets, Chicago, and sweeping
through the City, and passing through a large manufac-
turing district, soon cross the north suburbs of the city and
pass out on the uneven wooded prairie bordering Lake
Michigan. The line traverses Cook, Lake, Kenosha and
Racine counties in Illinois, connecting at Western Union
Junction, with the Racine and Southwestern Division,
and 85 miles from Chicago arrives at Milwaukee,

THE CREaM city OF THE Vi^EST,

and another of those wonderful western cities that have
sprung into marvellous prosperity within the short cycle
of one generation. It was settled in 1835 ; its popula-
tion is fully 150,000, one half of which is German, and
the impress of their peculiar habits of life is stamped
upon the place. Milwaukee is a great lumber and flour
emporium, and its beer is famous. Among its prominent
public buildings are the Custom L cuse, Court Houses
and National Asylum for disabled soldiers. The streets
are broad, and generally shaded. The chief hotels, are
the New Plankinton House, the Newhall House, and the
Kirby House. The Plankinton House is not surpassed
by any house in the State. From Milwaukee to St. Paul,

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 187

the journey is made by the Lacrosse and St. Paul Division
of the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, which covers a
distance of 341 miles in 17 hours ; leaving here the St,
Paul train turns west from the Union Depot, Milwaukee,
crosses the Menominee river, .nd thence traverses the
attractive park of the National Soldier's Home, wit;h the
institution itself on the north. At Brookfield Junction
the Prairie du Chien Division is crossed. The line now
enters Waukesha county which, alone, contains 58 of
the Wisconsin lakes. This region, which is one of the
most attractive ir the Northwest, is much frequented
during the summer months. The residents of the country
are more than one-half foreign, ihe railway skirt* the
shores of Lakes Pewaukee and Oconomowoc, and affords
a momentary view of La Belle lake. From Watertown
a branch line diverges south to Madison. Approaching
Portage City the railway crosses the Portage Canal,,
connecting the Wisconsin and Fox rivers and forming a
northern water communication between Jhe Mississippi
and the lakes. Father Marquette, the earliest Jesuit
e:iplorer, planted the cross in 1690 on the high ridge
immediately north of the railway. Fort Winnebago was
built on the same picturesque spot and garrisoned in
1S26. Jefferson Davis served there as First Lieutenant,
but I as the U. S. Secretary of State, 25 years after, he
ordered the fort to be destroyed, and the Government
reservation of 4,000 acres sold. Passing Portage and the
pleasant dining station, the heavily wooded banks of the
Wisconsin are approached. The dells of that river, which
are both the wonder and the pride of the State, a'-e
above Kiibourn City, where the swift current has worn
and eaten, ^nd undermined a passage through the basaltic

1, :-. 1. .i

'■ 1 . : . ■""'

i,, :

" ,.

'l-t,- 1,

1 88 All-RoMtd Route and Panoramic Guide.

cliffs. The river contracts into a foaming eddying rapid
at the gap. The railway crosses the river by a high
bridge which affords a striking view of the rocky channel
and the turbulent river below the Delles, the latter being
accessible only by pleasure steamer from this point. The
line now traverses Juneau county which in point of
rugged beauty is one of the most picturesque in the
State. Crossing the Lemonweir river near Mauston, the
Necedah Branch is passed at New Lisbon. The border
of Juneau county is reached at Camp Douglas Junction,
where the railway passes a somewhat remarkable group
of rocky precipices. Connection is made here with the
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. Tomah
is the Junction of the Green Bay & Minnesota R.R. and
Sparta (view of Castle Rock on the right), of the Viroqua
Branch. Arriving at North LaCrosse, the train runs
backward one mile to the city of LaCrosse, whence it
again turns west, crossing the Mississippi at the mouth of
the Black river. Leaving the station the train crosses
the Black and Mississippi rivers by an iron trestle and
three costly iron bridges two miles in length. La Cres-
cent on the Minnesota bank is the northern terminus, of
the Dubuque Division, and the Junction of the Southern
Minnesota line.

SOUTHERN MINNESOTA DIVISION.

Through cars run via the Southern Minnesota line
between Chicago (above route to LaCrosse), and the
principal towns in Southern Minnesota and the Dakota
frontier. From La Crescent the line traverses the rolling
prairie of Houston county. Stages connect at Isinour's
station for Preston, the county capital and centre of one

Ail-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. \ 89

of the largest wheat growing regions in the Northwest.
West of Isinour's the railway ascends the heaviest grade
in the State— 520 feet in five miles— from the Rum
River Valley to the high prairie land. At Ramsey con-
nection is made with the Iowa & Minnesota Division
and at Albert Lea (on Lake Albert Lea), with the Min-
neapolis & St. Louis Railway. Mankato liranch diverges
from Wells. Winnebago is the crossing point of the
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Line. From
Fairmont, Spirit Lake and Estervillc are reached by
stage. Beyond Jackson station the railway passes the
scene of the first murders in the Sioux massacre of 1862.
The train enters Dakota beyond Pipestone and 10 miles
west reaches Flandreau, on the Big Sioux River and 592
miles from Chicago.

Beyond La Crescent the St. Paul train takes the right
bank of the Mississippi, following a narrow gallery at
the base of rocky precipices rising 400 to 600 feet above
the railway. Passing Winona the train quits the Mis-
sissippi,traverses woods and meadows and passes stations,
Minnesota City, Minneiska, Weaver and Kellogg to
Wabasha (Zumbrota Branch diverges), beyond which it
returns to the Mississippi at the beautiful lake-like
widening known as Lake Pepin. The train follows closely
Its west shore; the riparian scenery is of renowned
attractiveness. Frontenac, near the head of the lake
confronts Maiden Rock on the east shore. Forethought,
guided by good taste and inspired by the beauty of the
Mississippi valley, has designed this spot to be one of
the most charming summer resorts in the Northwest.
At Hastings, connection is made with the Hastings &
Dakota Division. The line now recrosses the Mississippi.

•■'.'I. i.d

190

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Beyond Newport the double spire of the German Catholic
Cathedral at St. Paul is seen in advance. The train
traverses a broad valley and enters St. Paul on the levee.
The Minneapolis train again crosses the river above
St. Paul, pursues a sinuous course along its west bank,
running under the walls of Fort Snelling. After crossing
the broad and shallow Minnesota, it passes within near
proximity to the Falls of Minnehaha, and 12 miles from
St. Paul, arrives at Minneapolis.

The St. Paul train follows the Mississippi a short
distance, crossing it above St. Paul, and enters the town
imder the blufifs, the terminal station being on the levee,
no breakage or detention having been made in the
journey. This well-equipped and popular railway over
which we have journeyed from Chicago and Milwaukee
presents to the tourist some of the most striking scenery
to be found in the Great North-west. Prairie, lake,
and valley scenery follow in rapid succession, so that
no one becomes weary of the monotony of the journey.

St. Paul is situated_at the head of navigation on the
Mississippi, and its location is admirable. It is an historic
spot, having been visited in 1680, by Father Hennepin, a
celebrated Franciscan missionary and traveller. It was he
who discoveied and named the Falls of St. Anthony.
Eighty-six years after, Jonathan Carver went there and
made a treaty with the Nandowessie Indians, in what is
now known as Carver's Cave. In 1 840, Vital Guerin built a
log house, where Ingersoll's Hall stands at present, and in
the same year Father Gauthier, a Roman Catholic
missionary, arrived and built a log church, which he
called St. Paul's, and from that was named the Capital of
the State.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 191

Referring to the State Capital Building, it is situated
on high ground and occupies an entire square and is
built of brick. It contains the State Offices, Legislative
Chambers, State Law Library, and the Collection of the
State Historical Society. There are several large public
schools in the city ; the State Reform School is in
the suburbs. St. Paul Bridge, 1,730 feet long is worth
seemg It is of wood, resting upon stone piers, and is
an inclined plane ascending from the high bluff at the
foot of Wabashaw street to the bottom lands of west St
Paul ; the largest river steamers can pass under it The
present population of St. Paul is 45,000. The environs
are very picturesque, including a number of lakes and the
Minnehaha Falls, immortalized in Longfellow's Hia-
watha.

Leaving St. Paul, a short ride brings us to Minne-
apohs, which is a thriving and beautiful city built
m sight of the Falls of St. Anthony, with their one
hundred and twenty thousand horse-power and succession
ot tine rapids.

The city is beautiful and well located for a great manufac-
tunng centre, which it i.. A fine suspension bridge above
the Falls connects the two parts of the city, comprising the
orignial M.nneapolis and the former city of St. Anthonv
now united. The city itself is of very fine appearance!
with wide, clean streets, elegant business blocks, hotels
and residences, which, in point of style are nowhere
excelled.

We notice here the same life and activity found in St
Paul, and in fact, throughout the north-western country
Minneapolis is the capital of Hennepin County, Minne-
sota, and has a population of upwards of 50,000 It is

192

All-Rcund Route and Panoramic Guide.

420 miles North-west from Chicago, and is one of the
most populous and flourishing cities in the State. Among
its most beautiful and prominent buildings are the U. S.
Custom House, the Music Hall and Post-office. Minnea-
polis is a very large manufacturing city, and possesses the
finest and largest available water-power in the world.

In the vicinity of Minneapolis are a number of very in-
teresting attractions; among others the Silver Cascade,
Bridal Veil Falls, a deep cunc opposite the Falls of St»
Anthony on the east side, and several beautiful lakes, the
drives to which from the city are very pleasant, the scenery
beautiful, and the roads in fine condition. Among the
smaller lakes within easy reach of the city, noted for their
beautiful scenery rnd the opportunities they offer for en-
joyment, are Harriet, Cedar, and Medecinc lakes. Fifteen
miles from Minneapolis is Lake Minnetonka — " Big
water," in the language of the Sioux, — which, by reason
of its extent and superior attractions, is becoming one of
the most popular watering-places in the State. Arriving
at Wayzata, the railway station of the St. Paul, Minnea-
polis and Manitoba Railway at the Lake, the attention
of visitors is attracted by the large fleet of steamers lying
at the wharves awaiting the arrival of the trains. These
steamers ply regularly between Wayzata and the village
of Excelsior, on the opposite side of the Lake. Number-
less sail and row boats are also on hand. This beautiful
Lake is composed of a series of bays, some twenty -five
in number, which form a chain of what appears to be
distinct lakes, but they are joined by estuaries, many of
which are navigable by the steamers. Lake Minnetonka
has long enjoyed a wide reputation as a resort for the
tourist, and particularly the sportsman, drawn thither by

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 193

the excellent fishing and shooting. The hotel accom-
modation is good and ample for the entertainment of a
large number of guests.

Returning to Milwaukee, the iiaveller can vary his
journey by taking one of the splendid steamers of the
Goderich Line to Grand Haven, and thence by the
Detroit. Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway to Detroit
From Detroit the Great Western Division G. T Railway
will convey the tourist back to Suspension Bridge
(Niagara Falls). ^

Niagara having been already described, we shall
decide upon the route to be taken for Toronto. There
are two means of getting there, one by water and the
other by rail. On a sunny, calm day, nothing can be
more pleasant than the water excursion, by the mag-
nificent side-wheel palace steamer " Chicora," which
daily makes two trips each way across Lake Ontario
between Toronto and Lewiston. If this route is decided
on, the tourist will find the cars ready to take him to
Lewiston. From Niagara to Lewiston the railway fol-
lows the course of the river, running along the high ridge
overiooking the rapid stream, until we arrive at Lewis-
ton Station. Omnibuses and cabs will be found in at-
tendance to take passengers down to the steamer, which
lies about half a mile off. Another route open to the
tourist is that by the Canada Southern Railroad, which
leaves Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo, N. Y., and skirting the
shore of the Niagara River runs past Niagara Falls, and
termmates at the old town of Niagara, at the mouth of
the river of the same name, where connection is made
witUhe steamer referred to as starting from Lewiston,

PIH'f

194 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

LEWISTON.

[HIS village is situated at the head of navigation,
on the lower Niagara, and is a place of consider-
able importance. It lies three miles below the
Devil's Hole, and seven miles below the Falls.

It is an exceedingly pleasant and very well built
village, but its commercial prospects have been very
much injured by the construction of the Erie and
Welland Canals. It contains, besides a proportionate
number of stores and hotels, churches of all the various
denominations, and an academy of considerable size.
In 18 1 2, it was the headquarters of General Van
Rensselaer, of the New York Militia.

Once embarked, we pass along Niagara River for
about seven miles, the current still running very rapidly
until it finds its way into Lake Ontario.

At this point the great Lake Ontario is reached, the
landscape ends, and the sky and the world of waters are
all that is seen of the kingdom of nature. It is one of
the most sublime experiences of American travel, this
first meeting in the heart of the continent, face to face
with an inland sea ; and familiar as one may be with the
names of the great lakes, and associated as they are in
his mind with commerce, transportation, and business,
the first impression on the tourist is still that made on
the great discoverer of the source of the Nile when the
dazzling sheen of the magnificent Albert-Nyanza first
startled his triumphant gaze.

AlURoimd Route and Panoramic Guide,

195

QUEENSTON.

This is a small village situated nearly opposite
Lewiston, and contains about 500 inhabitants. It
was the Canadian termination of the bridge, and is
associated in history
with the gallant de-
fence made by the
British on the ad-
jacent heights in the
war of 18 1 2. The
bridge here shown
was unfortunately

carried away by ice Queenston suspension bridge.

during the winter of 1864. The village is pleasantly
situated, but it has suffered from the same causes that
have retarded the growth of Lewiston. Near this point
the river becomes more tranquil, the shores appear less
broken and wild, and the change in the scenery affords
a pleasing transition from the sublime to the beautiful.
The monument shown on page 196 stands on the Heights
of Queenston, from whence the village derived its name
The present structure occupies the site of the former one,'
which was blown up by a miscreant named Lett, on the
17th April, 1840. The whole edifice is one hundred and
eighty-five feet high. On the sub-base, which is forty
feet square and thirty feet high, are placed four lions
facing north, south, east and west ; the base of the
pedestal is twenty-one and a half feet square, and ten
feet high ; the pedestal itself is sixteen feet square, ten
feet high, surmounted with a heavy cornice, ornamented
with hon's heads and wreaths, in alto-relievo. In ascend-

M''

fi. ! ■ '

W-

196 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Gnide.

ing from the top of the pedestal to the top of the base
of the shaft, the form changes from square to round.
The shaft is a fluted column of freestone, seventy-five
feet high and ten feet in diameter, whereon stands a
Corinthian capital, ten feet high, on which is wrought,

in relief, a statue of the God-
dess of War. On this capital
is the dome, nine feet high,
which is reached by 250 spiral
steps from the base on the
inside. On the top of the
dome is placed a colossal
statue of General Brock.

The only stoppage made
between Lewiston and Tor-
onto is at the town of Nia-
gara, 16 miles from the Falls.
Passengers from the Clifton
House can be brought by the
cars down to this town with-
out crossing to the American
brock's monument. shore, and embark on J^oard

the splendid steamer " Chicora," which here lies ready for
the beautiful trip across the Lake.

NIAGARA.

^^HIS is one of the oldest towns in Ontario, and was
life formerly the capital of the Province. It is situated
where the old town of Newark stood, and is oppo-
site to Youngstown. It faces the river on one side, and
Lake Ontario on the other. The trade of this place has been
largely diverted to St. Catharines since the completion

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 197

of the Welland Canal ; and the other towns upon the
Niagara River have suffered in common from the same
cause. Its surroundings are full of varied and historical
interest. The Queen's Royal Niagara Hotel, under the
management of Mr. Winnett (of the firm of McGaw &
Winnett, of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto) is open for
guests during the summer season.

THE QUEEN'S ROYAL HOTEL

Has, under the management of Messrs. McGavv &
Winnett, become noted as a delightful SUxMMER RESORT.
It has many cheerful surroundings, being splendidly
situated opposite Fort Niagara, in a beautiful grove at
the mouth of Niagara River, where it debouches into
Lake Ontario, and only fourteen miles from the world-
renowned Niagara Falls. Among the numerous places
of resort for tourists and families who desire to get away
from the heated walls of our large cities, during the
warm summer months, we know of no better place to
recommend than the Queen's Royal, for it is really a
delightful retreat. Here will be found a beautiful
shelving beach extending for more than a mile, making
the locality a most desirable one for bathing ; dressing-
rooms are located on the beach. Nor is this all of its
pleasures ; here the facilities for boating and fishing are
unsurpassed, as the famous bass and pickerel beds of the
Niagara River are opposite the hotel, which has ample
accommodation for three hundred and fifty guests.
Below we present a fine cut of the hotel. Tourists
holding tickets via New York Central Railway, take the
boat at Lewiston for Niagara or Toronto, those via
Canada Southern Railway, take the cars at Buffalo or

" ■ ■'i'-i'-'l

#;" ,

l!ii!''

•■:''4'i'M.

■ J.""' '

pit! : : ■

198

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Clifton to Niagara direct. Tourists are privileged to
stop at Niagara or Toronto. Board from $12 to $15
per week. Both these hotels are under the management
of Messrs. McGaw & Winnett.

Almost immediately after leaving Niagara village, we

<
Pi
<

E-
C

pass between the two Forts, Niagara and Massasauga ;
the former garrisoned by American troops, and the latter,.
in by-gone days, by the soldiers of Her Majesty Queen
Victoria. These two forts are so close together, that it
is said, on a calm night, the watch-words, as given by

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 199

ara village, we

FORT NIAGARA.

the troops on changing guard, could be heard distinctly
from one side to the other, across the water.

FORT NIAGARA.

This fort stands at the mouth of the Niagara River on
the American side. There are many interesting associa-
tions connected with
this spot. During
the earlier part of
the past century, it
was the scene of I
many severe con-
flicts between the
Whites and the
Indians, and sub?-^-
quently betwec.
the English and the French. The names of the heroic
La Salle, the courtly De Nouville, and the gallant
Prideaux, will long retain a place in the history of this
country. The village adjacent to the Fort is called
Youngstown, in honor of its founder, the late John
Young, Esq.

Within the last few years important repairs have been
made around the Fort, and the entire wall has been
constructed anew. Here was fought the battle of the
24th July, 1757, in which Prideaux, the English General
fell, and after which the French garrison surrendered to
Sir William Johnson, who succeeded to the command of
the English.

From this point we strike out into the lake, and in the
centre almost lose sight of the land behind, before we
discer-: the city of Toronto, immediately in front of us.

Ill

liiiiiii

200 All-Rcnmd Route and Panoramic Giude,

The view of Toronto from the water is very fine indeed,
and its public buil>_ings and wharves shew it to be a city
of importance and prosperity.

TORONTO.

Is not only the Capital of the Province of Ontario and
one of the most flourishing cities in Canada, but it is one
of the most progressive cities in Her Majesty's
Dominion;^. It is situated on a beautiful bay separated
from the lake by a peninsula known as Gibraltar Point,
which serves to form a safe and well-sheltered harbor.
Toronto may justly feel proud of its hotels, which arc
scarcely inferior in size, and quite equal in magnificence
to any in American cities, and as the tourist will doubt-
less desire to remain over in Toronto for at least a day
or two, and visit its many points of interest, we will,
therefore, direct him where he will be assured of
every comfort and attention. The Queen's Hotel, of
which we present a cut, will be found strictly first-class
in all its appointments. It has long been celebrated for
its home comforts, perfect quiet, excellent attendance)
and the peculiar excellence of its cuisine, and has been
patronized by Royalty and the be;5t families. It is most
delij3;htfully situated near the Bay on Front Street, and is
one of the largest and most comfortable hotels in the
Dominion of Canada, and has earned a wide and well-
merited celebrity, under the management of its present
proprietors, Messrs. McGaw & Winnett, who are
experienced hotel-men, and gentlemen who knov^ how
to cater for the wants of guests. The beautiful and
spacious grounds, with lawn - tennis, chivalerie, and
croquet lawns, render it very desirable for those who may

All-Round Route and Panoramic GuuU. 201

y fine indeed,
it to be a city

require recreation. It is open all the year, and has
ample accommodation for 350 quests. A passenger
elevator, with all modern improvements and appliances,
will be found in it.

Ontario and

L, but it is one
er Majesty's
bay separated
ibraltar Point,
tered harbor,
sis, which arc

magnificence
st will doubt-
,t least a day
srest, we will,
; assured of
f's Hotel, of
:tly first-class
;elebrated for
t attendance,
and has been
3. It is most
Street, and is

hotels in the
ide and well-
^f its present
tt, who arc
o knov/ how
Dcautiful and
ivalerie, and
lose who may

r The queen city, Toronto, formerly Little York, was
founded in 1794, — in 1832 it had 2,800 inhabitants; in
1841, 15,300; in 1 85 1, 40,000; in 1861,44,800; in 187 1
50,600; and the census of 1881 brings it to 86,445
This beautiful city, which is in the form of a parallelo-

' .'' I

202 All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Gvide,

gram, is built with great regularity, and its streets are
always clean and well paved, spacious and well lighted
with gas. The houses and private residences are
generally well built and substantial, and in the principal
thoroughfares have often an elegant appearance. Its
public buildings are numerous, very substantial, and
many of them beautiful and well worthy of inspectioi*
by all tourists and visitors. It is the scat of Law and
Provincial Government, and the headquarters of the
Educational Department of the Province. Many of the
dwellings and business structures are built of brick, which
has a light, soft and pleasing tint. Toronto has
increased in wealth and population of late years more
rapidly than any other city in the Dominion. Toronto
was founded in 1794 by Governor Simcoe, who gave it
the name of York, which was changed after it was
incorporated as a city in 1834 to Toronto— meaning in
the Indian language, "The place of Meeting." It was
twice captured by the Americans in 18 13, who destroyed
all the fortifications and burned the public buildings;
since then, enterprise and capital have taken the place
of shot and shell, and at the time of writing Toronto can
with pride boast of some of the finest buildings of their
kind in America, among which may be mentioned the
Lieut. Governor's mansion, a princely residence ; the
Normal School and Trinity College, both fine edifices ;
the University of Toronto, one of the finest buildings in
America, and estimated second to none on this side of
the Atlantic as a seat of learning. The style of
architecture is Norman with such slight deviations as the
climate demands, and is a building of which any city
may justly feel proud of possessing. It is situated in a

,ife^

All-Rotuid Route and Panoramic Guide. 203

its streets are
id well lighted
•esidences are

the principal
earance. Its
bstantial, and

of inspection

of Law and
larters of the

Many of the
Df brick, which

Toronto has
te years more
ion. Toronto
2, who gave it

after it was
) — meaning in
ting." It was
kvho destroyed
ilic buildings ;
iken the place
g Toronto can
idings of their
nentioned the
'esidence ; the

fine edifices ;
;t buildings in
m this side of
rhe style of
viations as the
hich any city
5 situated in a

204 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

large beautiful park whose avenues are ornamented with
stately trees, etc., and approached by College Avenue,
which is one half mile long, and hned with double rows
of beautiful shade trees. Adjoining these beautiful
grounds on the east is the Queen's Park, which comprises
about so acres, skilfully laid out ; here may be seen a
monument (consisting of a brown-stone shaft surmounted
by a magnificent marble statue of Britannia). This
monument was erected to the memory of the Canadians
who fell in repelling the Fenian invasion of 1866.
Osgoode Hall, in Queen street (named after the first
Chief-Justice of the Province), is another imposing
building of the Grecian-Ionic style and surmounted by a
beautiful dome, and contains a library and rotunda
unequalled in America. Among the other public
buildings may be mentioned the Masonic Hall, the
Young Men's Christian Association, a beautiful building
at the corner of Queen and James streets, which has the
largest hall in the city. The Lunatic Asylum, Custom
House, Merchants Exchange, Government School of
Technology, and new Post Office, are all worthy the notice
of the tourist. There are over 50 churches, and about 1 5
banks, and many of these edifices are strikingly beautiful.
Among the most striking buildings of recent construc-
tion is that erected by the Mail Printing Co'y. in 1880,
on the corner of Bay and King streets. The structure is
m the modern French style of architecture, and consists
of four stories and a mansard with a handsome tower,
built of white brick, with red brick facings. The upper
part is laid out in airy and commodious offices, and the
whole building is a standing evidence of the prosperity
of the Company uuder its present management.

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 205

Of all the cities of the Dominion of Canada which
aspire to the distinction of being recognized as great
jobbing markets, Toronto is eclipsed by but one-
Montreal, and all other cities of the Dominion fall far
below it in the aggregate of wholesale transactions per
annum, and the immense trade that centres in it from
all parts of the country.

Toronto has numerous manufactures, among which are
extensive foundries, tanneries, breweries, distilleries,
furniture, carriage, reaping and mowing machine manu-
factories, starch, glue, soap and candle factories ; exten-
sive rope-walks, flour-mills are also to be found, in fact
every line of trade is represented there by business firms
whose characteristics are such as to warrant us in speak-
ing of them in eulogistic terms.

Toronto has a splendid harbor, which admits of vessels
of the largest size navigating the lakes ; it is remarkably
well sheltered, and affords great facilities for its exten-
sive and constantly increasing trade. Upwards of half a
dozen Railways centre in Toronto— among which are
The Grand Trunk, Great Western Division, Northern
and North Western, Toronto, Grey and Bruce,
Midland and Credit Valley Railways, and the Ontario
and Quebec, operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Magnificent steamers during the season of navigation
ply to all the lake and river ports, and it is well worth
one's while to take up a position on the wharfs, or at any
of the depots where a commanding view is to be had of
incoming and outgoing trains and steamers daring the
season.

Among the other hotels to be found in Toronto, not
previously mentioned, are the Rossin, Walker and

I! 'lit? . S9I|i

206 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Simcoe, any of which will afford visitors first-class
accommodation.

^ Having viewed Toronto, we arrange for the continua-
tion of our tour eastward, which may be done either by
boat or rail. After leaving Toronto, the first place of
any importance we come to is

BOWMANVILLE,
a thriving town of about 5,000 inhabitants, in the midst
of a very fine agricultural district, and prettily situated
on an elevated plateau from which two streams run on
either side into Lake Ontario. About two and a half
miles from the town is its port, styled Port Darlington,
and affording excellent harbourage, where the Daily
Line of Steamers first stop after leaving Toronto. The
fine water ^ower at their command has been utilized by
the enterprising citizens of BowmanviUe with great
energy, and numerous manufactories have taken root
and given the town a great impetus. Principal among
these we may mention that of the Dominion Organ and
Piano Co., which was started many years ago, and was
taken hold of by the company of the same name, who
still carry it on, in 1875, the officers of which are J. H.
Farwell, of Detroit, President ; John Wesley, Secretary
and Treasurer ; George Piggott, manager of the manu-
facturing department, and W. S. Russell, manager of the
tuning department. The business of the Company has
increased from the first, until now they are turning out
200 organs and 50 pianos per month. The factory is a
fine four-story building with Mansard roof; fronting on
two streets, 165 feet by 175 feet. Their instruments
have carried off prizes at the Industrial Exhibition,
Philadelphia, 1876. and Paris, 1878. Their organ is the

tors first-class

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 207

only one, outside of the United States, which has re-
ceived an International Award, and their business ex-
tends to all parts of the Dominion, England, Australia,
South America and Germany — a fact which speaks
volumes as to the merit of the instruments they turn out.

PORT HOPE
is situated sixty-three miles from Toronto. A small
stream, that here falls into the Lake, has formed a
valley, in which, and on the rising hills beyond, the town
is situated. The harbor formed at the mouth of this
stream is one of the best on the Lake. Port Hope is a
very pretty town. On the western side, the hills rise
gradually one above another, the highest summit, called
*' Fort Orton," affording a fine prospect, and overlooking
the country for a great distance arounJ. The town is
incorporated, and contains over 5,000 inhabitants.

COBOURG
lies 6 miks below Port Hope. It is a town of 6,000
inhabitants, and is situated in the centre of an exceed-
ingly fertile section of the country. Its harbor is safe
•and commodious, and a large quantity of grain, iron ore,
etc., is annually exported. It is very prettily laid out,
and its streets are adorned with numerous elegant
residences and public buildings, including the Town Hall
and Victoria College (Wesleyan). We pass onward to

BELLEVILLE,
a town of considerable importance situated on the Bay
of Quinte, 44 miles from Cobourg. This town has
rapidly grown during the past few years, and has now a
population of over 9,000. It is well built, lit with gas,
aud possesses a fine harbor with an almost unlimited
water power. It is the county town of the County of

iliiii

208 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

Hastings, and contains, besides the county buildings,
many very handsome stores and churches, with a college,
a convent, and very extensive' factories and saw mills.

KINGSTON.

which after Quebec and Halifax has the strongest fort in
the Dominion. A settlement was begun here by the French
under Governor De Courcelles in 1672, and was known
as Fort Cataraqui. Subsequently a massive stone fort
was erected by Count de Frontenac, and received his
name.

This Fort was alternately in the possession of the
French and the Indians, until it was destroyed by the
expedition under Col. Bradstreet, in 1758. In 1762, the
place fell into the hands of the English, from whom it
received its present name.

Kingston is 172 miles from Montreal, and at this
point we purpose leaving the train, and continue our
journey by water. In order to reach the boat, the
omnibuses in waiting at the station will convey us to,
the city, which is distant about one mile. The best
hotel in the city is the British American ; Archie McFaul,
proprietor. It is situated on the corner of King and
Clarence Streets, and is one of the oldest and only
first-class House in the place ; and during the autumn
of 1883 was completely re- modelled and newly fur-
nished. It now has 200 bedrooms with all modern
conveniences, and is supplied with Bath-rooms, etc.,
on every floor. The Cuisine is under the direction of a
first-class chef. The terms are moderate.

The steamer which leaves Toronto in the afternoon is

NIAGARA FALLS TO MONTREAL

afternoon is

VIA

The Grert Pscific Trunk Line.

NEW and delightful route for Eastern and North-
ern bound pleasure travel from Niagara Falls has
been opened by the completion of the Canadian
Pacific Railway from Toronto to Montreal. Tourists,
after doing the wonders of Old Niagara, have the choice
of two routes to Toronto, via the New York Central
R.R. to Lewiston, N.Y., or the Michigan Central Rail-
way to Niagara, Ont., taking steamer from either point
across Lake Ontario to the Queen City of the West.

The varied attractions of Toronto, which last year
celebrated its Semi-Centennial, are fully set. forth in
another porrion of this work, and as the hotel accomo-
dation is thoroughly first-class, we would strongly advise
all tourists to spend some time there, feeling assured that
they will be amply repaid for their visit.

Leaving Toronto, the Canadian Pacific Railway runs
in a direct line to Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion,
passing through the Midland and Easterxi cou" ties of
Ontario, a country which furnishes most delightful river,
lake and woodland scenery.

I'^',' III

' 'iff ii

li"i

:' ■■■m.i

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

At Agincourt, eighteen miles east of Toronto, the line
crosses a branch of the Midland R. R. of Canada, then
passing through the villages of Claremont, Myrtle,
Pontypool and Cavanville, Peterborough is reached
Zy miles east of Toronto, where the Canadian Pacific
Railway again intersects the Midland system. Peter-
borough is a flourishing city, beautifully situated on the
Otonabee River, whose waters are utilized to drive the
immense saw-mills situated on its banks, Peterborough
being one of the large and important lumber markets of
Canada. Near Peterborough is Stony Lake, a beautiful
sheet of water dotted by huiidreds of islands, selected
in 1883 as the meeting place of the American Canoe
Association. Leaving Peterboro-i<.fh, we pass through
the enterprising town of Norwood, and at Central
Ontario Crossing, thirty-seven miles east of Peter-
borough, we cross at right angles the Central Ontario
R. R., which runs from Trenton on Lake Ontario to
Picton. Going east we pass in quick succession the
villages of Madoc, Tweed, Sheffield and Arden. This
section of the country is very rich in mineral deposits.
In 1866 Madoc ToAvnship was the scene of great excite,
ment over the discovery of gold in considerable quantity
on the Moira River. Iron mining has long been carried
on in this district, but owing to the difficult means of
access hitherto, it has never been fully developed, but
now that the Canadian Pacific Railway is completed
through the heart of this section, it is expected a great
impetus will be given to this branch of trade.

At Sharbot Lake, 96 miles east of Peterborough, and
84 miles from Ottawa, the Canadian Pacific Railway
makes connection with the Kingston -Si Pembroke R. R.

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

running from Kingston, the limestone city of Ontario,
northward to the Upper Ottawa River.

Sharbot Lake is a favorite resort on account of its
scenery and its resources as a fishing ground.

Going east, the next point of interest is Perth, an old
town substantially built, and it is at this point the
Canadian Pacific Railway have erected car shops, giving
employment to "several hundred men.

Smiths Falls, twelve miles east of Perth, a smart, en-
terprising town, noted for its manufactories of farming
implements, is situated on the Rideau Canal, and is the
junction point between the Ontario and Eastern
Divisions of the Canadian Pacific Railway. A branch
line of 28 miles runs from this point to Brockville, a
charming town delightfully situated on the St. Lawrence
River at the foot of the Thousand Islands, where con-
nections are made with the various Steamboat Lines on
the River, and also with the Utica and Black River R.R.
by steamer ferry across the St. Lawrence to Morristown,
N. Y. Continuing the journey to Ottawa from Smith's
Falls, Carleton Junction is the next important station
reached. The town of Carleton Place is very prettily
situated on an outlet of Lake Mississippi, a beautiful
sheet of water which furnishes a delightful summer
resort for the people of Carleton Place and vicinity. At
Carleton Junction the Company have mechanical works.
It is the junction point between the line from Toronto
and the main line of the Eastern Division of the Cana-
dian Pacific Railway running northward through the
villages and towns of the beautiful Ottawa Valley to the
great lumber country of the Upper Ottawa, with its won-
derful hunting and fishing grounds, skirting the banks

nv -f\^'

i-r'

* I

I'i

i I

! i

5 I

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

of Lake Nipissing (the Como of Canada), on to the
north shore of Lake Superior, where the link between
the Eastern and Western Divisions of the Canadian
Pacific Railvv-ay has al.eady reached completion, and
which, when fully equipped and in complete running
order, will form the great Canadian highway and trans-
continental route between the Atlantic and Pacific.

Resuming the journey eastward from Carleton Junc-
tion, before reaching Ottawa, the train passes Britannia,
a very pretty spot situated on the banks of Duchesne
Lake (an expansion of the Ottawa River), yery popular
during the summer as a suburban resort for the people of
the Capital.

Ottawa is reached, and although the Capital of the
Dominion, possesses aore of interest to the traveller than
any other city of Canada, it is, up to the present time,
comparatively unknown to a large portion of the travelling
public, which is undoubtedly due to the fact that it has
never before been situated on a through line of travel ;
but as it is now located on one of the busy highways of
travel between the East and West, it will undoubtedly be
the "Mecca" of all north-bound pleasure travel.

After doing the Capital, with its many very interesting
sights, east-bound passengers take the trains of the St.
Lawrence & Ottawa Railway (controlled by the Cana-
dian Pacific Railway), to Prescott, 54 miles distant,
on the St. Lawrence River, directly opposite the city
of Ogdensburg, N. Y., and there connect with the
steamers of the Royal Mail Line for Montreal, do-
ing the entire chain of rapids of the St. Lawrence
River, or they can proceed direct to Montreal by
the fast express trains of the Canadian Pacific Rail-

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

way. The section between Ottawa and Montreal is the
same as the rest of this great system of railway, furnish-
ing every comfort of modern travel — perfect road bed,
steel rails, iron bridges, and the finest equipped passen-
ger trains in America. It is well called "the great
scenic route of Canada," for after crossing the Ottawa
River on the new and elegant iron bridge, '• The Prince
of Wales," built in successive spans from island to
island, which is crossed almost immediately after leaving
Ottawa station, you are taken through a diversified
country of open plains, mountains, gorges and forests.
Repeated views of the Ottawa, classic in Tom Moore's
Songs, pouring its mighty volume of water down from an
immense territory that stretches into the almost undis-
covered North, the distant shores and mountains, the
fresh and well-kept fields, the picturesque farm houses,
smart villages and towns, and the abundant forests fill
all the way with beauty.

On the North are the Laurentide range of mountains —
often called the Catskills of Canada — now distant across
the plain, now frowning overhead ; and innumerable
streams cross our path to make their debouchcments into
the river Ottawa. Cascades leaping down from moun-
tain gorges are passed in near view from the car window.
The Riviere du Lievre in particular, pouring a huge
volume of water down a steep incline of broken, irregu-
lar bottom, presents a waterfall of surpassing beauty, the
train passing directly over this at the best point for a good
view.

At Calumet, midway between Ottawa and Montreal,
the tourist who desires to visit Caledonia Springs,
Canada's most celebrated medicinal waters, can leave the

If '■< (

■ 1

r: ■ I!;

M«

»■ ' ' 1

Wiil

.; ' 1'

All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide.

train and take the ferry steamer " Bonito " across the
Ottawa River to L'Original, and there connect with a
line of Concord coaches runnin^'^ direct to the Grand
Hotel, about eight miles distant, where mine iiost Arnoldi
always stands ready to give his guest ^ :i hearty weleonic.

Continuing the journey eastward from Calumet, a ver)
rich agricultural section is traversed, interspersed with
several large towns, Lachute, a county seat, hein^^
one of the most important. The Canadian Pacific Rail-
way approach to the City of Montreal is very happily
chosen, being on the banks of the St. Lawrence River,
in full view of St. Helen's Island, and the harbor, with its
array of shipping, from the huge Allan steamships to the
innumerable small craft that ply between the metropolis
and the local ports on the river. The terminus is situ-
ated in the eastern section of the city, within ten
minutes walk of the Post Office.

The perfect panorama of varied and attractive features
which this line offers for summer pleasure travel, will, in
a very short time, undoubtedly make it the popular route
from Niagara Falls to Montreal.

We advise those who would spend a delightful sum-
mer day ride on the water, to take the steamers of the
Ottawa River Navigation Company.

Leaving the Queen's Wharf, Ottawa, at seven in the
morning, the traveler finds himself on board of one of
the Company's fine new mail steamers. After leaving
the wharf we find ourselves in a few moments in the
centre of the Grand River, from which point a fine view
is obtained of the Government Buildings and the im-
posing bluff on which they stand. From the same
point the Chaudiere Fall, the timber slides (by the pas-

Guide,

ito" across the
connect with ;i
:t to the Grand
nciiust Arnold i
icarty weleonic.
Calumet, a ver}
terspersed with
ty seat, hein-^
an Pacific Rail-
is very happily
-awrence River,
harbor, with its
camships to the
the metropolis
erminus is situ-
ty, within ten

:ractive features
e travel, will, in
e popular route

delightful sum-
Jteamers of the

it seven in the
)oard of one of
After leaving
loments in the
)int a fine view
js and the im-
rom the same
es (by the pas-

All'Rcnind Route and Panoramic Guide,

sage of which the rafts from the upper Ottawa avoid the
falls), and the village of Hull, show to advantage, and
as the steamer glides down the stream, the Rideau Falls
on the southern, and the Gatineau village on the north-
ern bank of the river, are soon passed. Breakfast is now
served, always in the best style, and on regaining the
deck, at eight o'clock, Buckingham is reached. This is
an incorporated village on the River du Lievre, having
a population of nearly 2,000 souls. Several fine saw-
mills exist at this place, and afifrrd ample employment
to the male portion of the population. A short run of
half an hour brings us to Rockland, a small village of
about 200 residents, prettily situated on the south side
of the nvcr, and distant from ( )ttawa 24 miles. A con-
siderable amount of lumber is made there. Another
half hour through equally pleasant scenery brings us to
Thurso, a thriving village in the County of Ottawa, on
the Quebec side of the river. Its population is about
1.000, and some fine lumber mills, the staple industry
of Ottawa Valley, are at work there. At ten o'clock
Papineauville is reached, 40 miles from Ottawa. The
village contains over 700 inhabitants. Montebello,
where our next detention occurs, is also on the Quebec
.side of the river, distant from Ottawa 44 mile^s, and
having a population of 500. The scenery in this vicinity
can hardly be surpassed in any portion of the country,
blending as it does the boldness of hills with the placid
beauty of quiet water and well-tilled plains. Montebello
IS interesting, not only as a thriving village, but as the
former residence of the gentleman from whom our last
stopping place takes its name— Mr. Papineau, one of the
most noted names in Canadian history. Shortly before

All-Round Route ami Panoramic Guide,

noon we reach L'Original, a station on the Ontario side
of the river. This, the county town of the united coun-
ties of Prescott and Russell, has a population of about
1,000. This is the stopping place of those who desire
to visit the springs from which the well-known "Cale-
donia " waters are obtained. At half-past twelve the
steamer reaches Grenville, on the northern side of the
river. Here the passengers part with their steamel and
her courteous officers, as rapids in the stream prevent
her further progress. A railway, furnished with all the
modern appliances for comfort, takes us in half an hour
to Carillon, where re-embarkation is made on the Priiue
of Wa/es from Carillon to Montreal, a description of
which appears on another page of this book.

AlURoimd Route and Panoramic Guide* 209

e Ontario side
e united coun-
ation of about
)se who desire
cnovvn " Calc-
ist twelve tht:
rn side of tiic
ir steamef and
:ream prevent
;d with all the
n half an hour
on the Prince
description of
ok.

;;'i.. i

'.I ili

'1 1

lit ,

,.:,,■: 7^^

2IO All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

due early next morning, thereby enabling the tourists to
view all the scenery down to Montreal, by daylight.
Leaving Kingston by one of the magnificent steamers
of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, we
find ourselves entering amidst that wonderful and beau-
tiful collection of isles known as

THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.

These islands commence near Kingston, and extend
downward to Brockville, a distance of over 50 miles.
They form the JT;ost numerous collection of river islands
in the world, and consist of about 1,800 wooded and
rocky islets of every imaginable shape, size and appear-

FORT HENRY — MARTBLLO TOWER,
CEDAR ISLAND.

LIGHTHOUSE ON ONE OF TIIK
THOUSAND ISLANDS.

ance, some being mere dots of rock a few yard's in extent,
others covering acres, thickly wooded, and presenting
the most charming appearance with rich foliage,
conceivable. At limes our vessel passes so close to these
islands, that a pebble might be cast on their shores ;
while looking ahead, it appears as though further
progress was effectually barred, when rounding the points
amid winding passages and bays, the way is gradually-
opened before us. Again the river seems to come to an
abrupt termination. Approaching the threatening shores,
a channel suddenly appears, and you are whirled into a

Guide.

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide, 211

\ the tourists to
I, by daylight,
ficent steamers
1 Company, we
lerful and beau-

JDS.

on, and extend
over 50 miles,
of river islands
o wooded and
ize and appear-

'SB ox ONE OF TIIK

USAND ISLANDS.

yar'^g in extent,
and presenting
rich folia'^fe,
;o close to these
I their shores ;
:hough further
ding the points
ly is gradually
i to come to an
iatcning shores,
whirled into a

magnificent amphitheatre of lake, that is, to all appear-
ance, bounded by an immense green bank. At your
approach the mass is moved as if in a kaleidoscope, and
a hundred little isles appear in its place. Such is the
charming scenery presented on this beautiful route. It
is a famous spot for sporting ; myriads of wild fowl of
all descriptions may here be found ; and angling is
rather fatiguing than otherwise, from the great quantity
and size of the fish. On many of these islands summer
villas have been built by wealthy and prominent people
from the United States, and every year adds to the
number of recruits whose vacation is spent amongst these

VIEWS AMOXG THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.

modern Hesperides, which bid fair to become the
camping-out ground of this continent.

These islands, too, have been the scene of the most
exciting romance. From their great number, and the
labyrinth-like channels among them, they afforded an
admirable retreat for the insurgents in the Canadian
insurrection of 1837, and for the American sympathizers
with them, vVho, under the questionable name of
*■ Patriots," sought to overthrow the British government
in Canada. Among these was one man, who, from his
daring and ability, became an object of anxious pursuit
bv the Canadian authorities. Here he found a safe

U-l^'

W^mM

212

All'Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide,

asylum, and through the devoted ness and courage of his
daughter, whose skilful management of her canoe was
such, that with hosts of pursuers she still baffled their
efforts at capture, while she supplied him with provisions
in these solitary retreats, rowing him from one place of
concealment to another, under the shadow of night.
But, in truth, all the islands which are so numerously
studded through the whole chain of the magnificent
Lakes, abound with materials for romance and poetry,
and many are the traditions of the Indians. For
instance, on the Manitoulin Islands the Indians believe
that the " Manitou," that is the Great Spirit, (and hence
the name of the islands), has forbidden his children to
seek for gold ; and they tell voa that a certain point
where it is reported to exist in i .j . e quantities has never
been visited by the disobedient L.dian without his canoe
being overwhelmed in a tempest.

Opposite the Thousand Islands, and on the American
shore, stands the village of

Iruide.

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 2 1 3

courage of his
ler canoe was
11 baffled their
kvith provisions
1 one place of
dow of night.
so numerously
he magnificent
ce and poetry,
Indians. For
[ndians believe
rit, (and hence
his children to
1 certain point
ttities has never
thout his canoe

»■*:'

n the American

CLAYTON,

A delightful place of resort, being situated directly in
front of the upper group of ^the Thousand Islands. It
contains four churches, a bank and three telegraph offices.
There are two celebrated hotels there, the Hubbard House
and Walton House. The finest fishing on the River St.
Lawrence is found in the immediate vicinity of Clayton ;
pike, black bass, pickerel and maskinonge of extra-
ordinary size are easily caught there. Experienced
and attentive oarsmen, the best of boats, and splendid
hotel accommodations render this the favorite resort for
fishing parties. All lines of Steamers stop at Clayton.
Wagner's Palace Sleeping Cars run through without
change from New York in 13 hours, and through cars
from Utica in 4 hours. Steamers for Montreal stop at
Clayton.

ALEXANDRIA BAY

Is the next port after leaving Clayton. It is built upon
a massive pile of rocks, and its situation is romantic and
highly picturesque. It is a place of resort for sportsmen.
Some two or three miles below the village is a position
from whence one hundred islands can be seen at one
view. Undoubcedly the pleasantest part of the Lake of
a Thousand Islands lies adjacent to Alexandria Bay, at
which are erected the finest hotels in the Islands. The
Thousand Island House, one of the largest hotels on the
St. Lawrence, is admirably situated on one of the
pleasantest islands, and the extensive patronage it re-
ceives every recurring season, testifies to the popularity
which it has obtained. Last season it passed into

|; ,.

214 All-Roimd Route and Panofamic Guide.

the hands of Mr. R. H. Southgate, fcrmerly manager of
the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, whose prestige has had
the effect of increasing its popularity. The Grossman
House is also a palatial establishment, and takes
front rank as a fashionable resort. All its appointments
are in first-class style, and the management of Mr. Cross-
man and his son leaves nothing to be desired, and has
gained a wide celebrity. Within sight of these hotels
are the beautiful lawns of Westminster Park, the hand-
some villas of Hayden Island, the commanding situation
of Mr. Hart's " Eyrie," the breezy site so dear to the
lamented Dr. J. G. Holland, where the anxieties of
" Scribner were exchanged, for the nonce, for the lotos
existence of " Bonnie Gastle " ; the rugged promontories
of Garleton Island, associated with scenes of the early
French history of the continent, and many others,
named and unnamed, upon which Nature has left her
sweetest impress.

REDWOOD.

This village contains about 800 inhabitants, and is six
miles from Alexandria Bay, to which stages run on
arrival of the trains. The scenery around Redwood is
picturesque and abounds in numerous lakes which aftoid
excellent fishing for pike, pickerel, lake trout and
various kinds of bass. The American, kept by Mr. M
Holkins, is an excellent hoteU

We have now passed through the " Lake of a
Thousand Islands," and leaving behind us the last of the
great chain of lakes, we enter the River St. Lawrence,,
and speedily find ourselves at the thriving town of

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 215

BROCKVILLE.

125 miles from Montreal. It is on the Canadian side of
the river, and is built on an elevation which rises from
the shore in a succession of graceful ridges, oeing one of
the prettiest towns in Canada. It received its name in
honor of the hero, General Brock, who fell at Queenston
in 18 1 2. It was laid out about 1802, and has grqwn
rapidly since that date. It contains a number of public
buildings, and is largely iuterested in manufactures.
The population is about 7900.

OGDENSBURG

Is situated on the American side of the river. In the
year 1748, the Abb^ Francois Piquet, who was after-
wards styled the " Apostle of the Iroquois," was sent to
establish a mission at this place, as many of the Indians
of that tribe had manifested a desire of embracing
Christianity. A settlement was begun in connection
with this mission, and a fort called " La Presentation,"
was built at the mouth of the O^wegatchie, on the west
side. The remains of the walls of this Fort are still to
be seen. In October, 1749, it was attacked by a band of
Mohawk Indians, who, although bravely repulsed,
succeeded in destroying the palisades of the fort, and
two of the vessels belonging to the colony. The Abb6
Piquet retired from the settlement soon after the
conquest of Canada, returning to France, where he died
in 1 78 1. Ogdensburg has increased rapidly within the
past few years, and has now a populalio-, of over 10,000.
The Ogdensburg and Lake Chaoiplain Railroad
which runs to Lake Chamolain, a distance of one

at'.

2l6

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

'lb

hundred and eighteen miles, and which connects at
Rouse's Point with the railroad to Boston and Montreal,
has its terminus here. The New England Transporta-
-i( Go's Steamers, formerly known as the Collingwood
line, connect here with the Ogdensburg and Lake
Champlain Railway. Several otiier railways terminate
at Ogdensburg, which is an objective point of the Rome,
M'atertown and Ogdensburg R. R., now asserting its
claims to consideration as one of the great trunk lines
between the east and west.

PRESCOTT

is situated ofi the Canada side of the St. Lawrence,

opposite Ogdensburg, and co' stains 5,000 inhabitants.

About a mile

below the town of

Prescott, at a place

called " Windmill

Point," are the

ruins of an old

stone windmill

where, in 1837, the

''PatriotJ''''i^under windmill point.

Von-Schultz, a'Polish exile, established themselves, but

from which they were driven with severe loss. About

five miles below Prescott is Chimney Island, on which

the remains of an old French fortification is to be seen.

The first rapid of the St. Lawrence is at this island.

Returning to Prescott, we now proceed on our
steamer down the river a few miles, when the descent
of Gallopcs Rapids is made, this being the first rapid
reached below Prescott. Another rapid is passed

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 217

almost immediately ; this is called Rapide de Plat. The
descent of these rapids is made with full head of
steam on, yet there is scarcely anything to indicate
that our steamer is not pursuing its usual smooth
and even course, until, after passing Morrisburg, the
tourist will observe our noble steamer increase her speed,
thu:> indicating the near approach of the most fascinating
and exciting event of the trip.

Continuing our journey down the river, the next town
on the American side is Waddington ; and in the river
over against it, is Ogden Island. On the Canadian side
is Morrisburg, which contains about twelve hundred
inhabitants. A short distance below Mor isburg, on the
Canada side, is Chrysler's Farm, where, in 1813, a
battle was fought between the English and the
Americans. Thirty miles below Ogdensburg is Louis-
ville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, a place
of popular resort and of beautiful surroundings, distant

about 7 miles.

LONG SAULT.

IHE increasing swiftness of the current of the river

soon reveals to us the fact, that we are about to

enter the first of those remarkable and celebrated

Rapids of the St. Lawrence. " Shooting the rapids " (as

this portion of the voyage is termed) is a most exciting

scene, but no one need fear the undertaking, as fatal

accidents have been comparatively unknown. The rapid

we now enter is known as the " Long Sault," so called

from its extent it being a continuous rapid of nine miles,

divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage

for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the

north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ;

2l8

AU-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide,

but examinations have been made, and it is now
descended with safety. The .passage in the southern
channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the
current that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in
forty minutes.

BAI'TISTE, AN INDIAN IMLOT, STEERING A STEAMER DOWN THE RAPIDS

OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.

The first passage made by a .steamer down these
rapids was about 1840, and then, under the guidance of
a celebrated Indian, named Teronhiahere.

The rapids of the " Long Sault " rush along at the
rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the
vessel enters within their influence, the steam is shut off,

THE RAPIDS

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 2\^-

and she is carried onwards by the force of the stream
along. The surging waters present all the angry
appearance of the ocean in a storm; the noble boat
strains and labors ; but unlike the ordinary pitching and
tossing at sea, this going down hill by water produces a
highly novel sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some
da'nger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the
imagination by the tremendous roar of the headlong,
boiling current. Great nerve force and precision are here
required in piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head

VIEW IX THE LONG SAULT.

Straight with the course of the rapid ; for if she diverged
in the least, presenting her side to the current, or
"broaching to," as the nautical phrase is, she would be
instantly capsized and submerged. Hence the necessity
for enormous power over her rudder.
While descending the rapids a tiller is attached to the

rudder itself, so that the tiller
can be manned as well as the
wheel. Some [idea may be
entertained of the force neces-
sary to keep the vessel steady,
while descending a rapid
^~-~-^^^^^^^^^ ' — -^ when it requires four men

RAFT DESCENDING THE RAPIDS. WHCIl IL IC4U1

at the wheel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steermg.

» ':,

220 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide.

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 221

At the head of the rapids is a village of some 500
inhabitants, and known as Dickinson's Landing.
Cornwall, a manufacturing town, is below the rapids at
entrance to the canal of tlif^ same name.

DICKINSON'S LANDING.

ENTRANCE TO CORN W AM,.

After passing this place, the cour.se of the St. Lawrence
is entirely within Her Majesty's dominions.

ST. REGIS,

an old Indian village, lies six miles below Cornwall, on
the opposite side of the river. It contains a Catholic
Church which was built about the year i;oo.

LAKE ST. FRANCIS
is the name of an expansion of the St. Lawrence which
begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to
Co^teau du Lac, a distance of forty miles. The surface
of this lake is interspersed with a great number of small
islands. The village of Lancaster [is situated on the
northern side, about midway, of this Lake,

COTEAU DU LAC
is a small village situated at the foot of Lake St. Francis.
The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes
its French origin. It is also known as St. Ignace, Just
below the village are the Coteau Rapids.

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716^ 872-4503

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222 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

fs , '

CEDARS.

This village presents the same marks of French origin
as Coteau du Lac.

AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 223

The village is situated nearly opposite the Coteau Rapids
In the expedition of Gen. Amherst (1759), a detach-
ment of three hundred men, that were sent to attack-
Montreal, was lost in the rapids near this place. The
passage through these rapids is very exciting. There is

a peculiar motion of the
vessel, which in descending
seems like settling down,
as she glides from one ledge
to another. In passing the
rapids of the Split Rock, a
CEDAR RAPIDS. person unacquainted with

their navigation v.ill almost involuntarily hold his breath
until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from
the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the
vessel seems to be running directly upon it, and you feel
certain that she will strike ; but a skilful hand is at the
helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety.

BEAUHARNOIS
Is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the right
bank of the river. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois
canal and pass around the

rapids of the Cascades^

Cedars and Coteau, into

Lake St. Louis, a distance

of fourteen miles. On the

north bank, a branch of the

Ottawa enters into the St.

Lawrence. The river again

widens into a lake called the St Louis. From this place

a view is had of Montreal Mountain, nearly thirty miles

CASCADES FROM ENTRANCE TO
BEAUHARNOIS CANAL.

Pro

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224 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

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All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 225

distant In this lake is an island, beautifully cultivated,
and belonging to the Grey Nunnery at Montreal There
are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal belonging
to the different nunneries, and from which they derive
large revenues.

LACHINE„

^ This village is nine miles from Montreal, with which

It IS connected by a railroad. It derived its name from

he first settlers, who, when they reached this point

hought they had discovered the passage which would'

lead them to China. The Lachine rapids begin just

below the village. The current here is so swift and wild

that to avoid It a canal has been cut abound the rapids.

This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit

upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Canada.

Opposite to Lachine is the Indian village of

CAUGHNAWAGA,
lying on the south bank of the river near the entrance of
the Lach^e Rapid^It is said that the Indians who had

been converted by the
Jesuits, were called
" Caughnawagas," o r
"Pi-aying Indians."
Hence its name. This
was probably a misno-
mer, for they were dis-
tinguished for their pre-

CAUGHNAWAGA VILLAGE

mij^«ionv-va lui Lucir pre-
datory incursions upon their neighbors in the New
England Provinces.

The Lachine Rapids, which we now enter, are con-

'T4

•i i'i'tii

111

s •.';

226 All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide.

sidered the most dangerous of the series. They are
however, much shorter. Immediately after passing through
the rapids, we pass the ancient village of Laprairie, on
the south shore of the river. This place is interesting
from the fact that the first railway in British North
America was constructed from here to St. Johns in 1836.
It was first run by horses, then by steam, but was dis-
continued on the construction of the road known as the
Champlain and St Lawrence Railway, now a portion of
the Grand Trunk. A ferry runs from the village to
Montreal three times daily. Immediately after passing
under Victoria Bridge, we pass the long wharf, used as
a railway wharf by the Grand Trunk Railv/ay, prior to
the erection of the Bridge. We are now directly
opposite the city of Montreal, the commercial metropolis
and most important place in the Dominion, and destined
to rival the population and prosperity of some of the
overgrown cities of the Old World.

Before landing her passengers, the steamers run along-
side the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's
boat, and as a matter of convenience, transfer those
passengers who intend going through to Quebec without
remaining over in Montreal.

Having described the excitement of shooting the
several Rapids, we would inform our tourist that in
order to overcome these natural barriers to -iie water
communication between Montreal and the Great West,
a series of magnificent canals has been constructed by
the Government. These canals are of ample dimensions
to allow the largest steamers to ascend.

We shall now proceed with such of our party as desire
to visit the Capital of the Dominion.

I -'

All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide.

227

»arty as desire

MONTREAL TO OTTAWA.
Securing tickets at Montreal, by tlie

OTTAWA RIVER NAVIGATION COMPANV,
the best route is to take tlie train to LachinJ which
eaves the Bonaventure Street Depot everrmo nte
{Sundays excepted), at 7.00 a. m. o'clock, and hrf

w^ have fh « ' "" " "'■'■■• ""y '"'' '^^' ™"te,
scLerTof the St 7^°''"""^ "^ -^'"g ^e beautifu

wh.ch one or two islets repose, as childhood s eep o^ 2

bTaut:':ahr '"k ''-' -^ ~"^^^' *^ -'"-"S

beauty of the scene, but adds grace and loveliness to th!
charms, which it vainly strives to hide. It is I^on d,s
solved, and the light breeze wh.Vh h,
it all away. ^^' 'P''""^ "P- '^^'ries

Away we go, stemming the current, until in due time
we reach St^ Annes, where are a succession of ralid^
which we avoid by going through a lock. More S ts
are here, round which the Ottawa.bubbles and st u^ge

po n"::- t K *' ''""^ ^'"^^^ «f Ste. AnneW
poses ,n quiet beauty upon the bank. This village i,

cons, ered the starting point for the Ottawa Sfb;
al orthodox voyageurs. as the last church on the island
of Montreal is situated here, and is, moreover, ded it d

'■i

228 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide,

to their tutelary saint, from whom also the village takes
its name. Emerging from the canal, again we enter the
Ottawa, having left the St. Lawrence far astern, and after
sailing about two miles, we find the shores recede on
either hand, to about eight miles wide, and this recession
continues for a distance of ten miles ; for we are in the
lake of the Two Mountains, so called from two moun-
tains on the north side, rising four to five hundred feet
from the water. The river divides here into four
branches, that which we have just come up, another
which diverges towards the north-east, and forms the
western boundary of the Island of Montreal, the third
called the Dutchman's Chenal and the fourth passing
Vaudreuil around the Isle Perrot. There is the Isle
Jesus, and beside it Pigeon's Island, on which are the
ruins of an Indian village. For the purpose of guarding
against the incursions of the Indians, the French built a
fort on the Island of Montreal, opposite to the village,,
but both village and fort have now fallen into decay, and
large trees are growing inside the ruined walls of the
latter. This property has been recently bought by the
Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M. P., upon which he has built a
beautiful villa, where he passes the summer months. A
few miles further on we arrive at ^ fine wharf named
Oka, situated in the Indian Village of the Two Moun-
tains. This village is inhabited by the remnants of two
tribes, the Iroquois and the Algonquins, as the village of
Caughnawaga, opposite to Lachine, is by a remnant of
the Iroquois. A Roman Catholic Church divides the
settlements, as the people are all baptised ?nto that
Church. Three or four chapels stand on the mountain
side. The highest peak of the Mountain is called Calvary,

AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 229

and on certain religious fetes of the Church it is fre
quented by both whites and Indians. On one of the hills
at Oka IS visible from the steamer the Monastery of
^' La Trappt:'." which has recently been erected there.
The monks of this monastery wear the peculiar dress of
the order. They are agriculturists, and have pui chased
a large estate near Oka, which they are rapidly trans-
posing into the garden-like scenery of Old France
The rules of the order of " La Trapp(5 " are very strict.*
only male visitors are admitted into the monastery •
ladies are stopped at the threshold. The monks are
not allowed to converse with one anotlier. They rise
at 2 a.m., and breakfast shortly afterwards in silence,
and this meal is the one meal of the day ; they retire
to rest after prayers at sunset. Now we stop at the
villages of Como and Hudson. Both these places are the
resort of some of our Montreal friends, who pass the sum-
mer months there with their families. At the head of the
Lake of the Two Mountains the banks contract, so that
the river is not more than half a mile in width, and it con-
tinues thus narrow, for about a mile, when there is again
an expansion, for the length of nine miles, forming the
Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. On the southern
bank is the mountain Rigaud, where there is also a
settlement of the same name. The river again contracts
to the breadth of half a mile, and continues, sometimes
broader, sometimes as narrow, until we reach Carillon.
Great improvements have been made at this place by
the Railway Company, by building new wharves and
station houses, and here again the navigation is impeded
by rapids. A railroad has been built between the two
stretches of navigable water, and by it we arrive at

W''

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■ 1 J-

i' !

^;'':'f^*;

rf *•

230 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Grenville, whence we proceed by steamer, (Captai'rr
Bowie,) to L'Original, .seven miles distant. About eight
miles from L'Original, situated in the midst ,pf a most
charming country, is the celebrated Caledonia Mineral
Springs.

Returning to our steamer at L'Orignal, after a few
pleasant hours sail, we arrive at Ottawa.

Ottawa was selected by Her Majesty as the Capital
of the Dominion, the chief scat of the Government hav-
ing for many previous years been in turn at Montreal,,

PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA.

Quebec and Toronto. This system was found to work
badly, and the jealousy stirred up made it necessary to
choose some permanent place, when Ottawa was selected
as being most desirable. The Government buildings
have consequently been erected here, and very much
credit is due not only to the architect who designed these
most beautiful buildings, but to the public spirit of the

All- Row id Route and Panoramic Guide, 23 1

Legislature, which has found the means of bringing the
work to a successful termination. The Parliament
Buildings, with the Departmental oflRces, occupy three
sides of a square, on a bluff of ground called Barrack
Hill, overlooking the river. They contain two
Legislative Halls, one for the Senate, the other for the
House of Commons ; both being the same size as those
provided in the l<:ngHsh Houses of Parliament for the
Lords and Commons, and like their originals, very

CrrV OK OTTAWA.

handsomely decorated and conveniently furnished. The
grounds in front of the building are handsomely laid out.
A large Library is also provid-d, which at present
contains over 75,000 volumes. The buildings are
designed in the Italian Gothic style, and constructed of
stone found in the neighborhood. When it is stated that
the cost was $3,000,000, and the position almost unique,
the tourist ought not to lose the opportunity of going
there, as they alone are quite worth the delay which

ir .'iv ■ .

1 ^

232 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

must necessarily be devoted to the sight. The rest of
the city, (which is, of course, increasing much, and keeps
pace with her sister cities,) is very handsomely and
substantially built. Sparks street, the scene of the
assassination of the late Hon. T. D'Arcy McGee is close
to the Parliamentary buildings and the Russel House.

The Rideau Canal (which connects the Ottawa River
with Lake Ontario), divides the city near the Parlia-
ment Buildings. This canal is excavated at the base of
a ravine, over 1 50 feet below the roadway. The upper
and lower portions of the city are connected by two
bridges, one known as the Sappers' Bridge, the other
being a magnificent iron bridge erected by the Corpora-
tion, and which leads to the broad avenue on- which the
Parliament Buildings stand. The Rideau Canal here
falls into the Ottawa, after passing a series of eight
massive stone locks.

The other chief attractions in the neighborhood of
Ottawa are the Chaudiere Falls, considered by very many
to rank next in importance, beauty and grandeur to
Niagara. They are immediately above the city, at its
western exeremity. The width of the greater fall being
two hundred feet, while its depth is forty, — the boiling,
seething, foaming character of the water giving name to
the place. On the northern side is the smaller, or Little
Chaudiere, and here the waters, after their leap, seem to
go into some subterranean passage, by which they are
carried cfif until they appear again at a place called " The
Kettles," half a mile lower down. Of course the
existence of such a passage is a mere matter of conjecture
which we will leave to the study of geologists, and others
interested, to determine. These falls are crossed by a

All- Round Roitw ami Panoramic Guide,

233

jorhood of

fine suspension bridge, which leads to the thriving city
of Hull on the opposite shore. Before leaving Ottawa,
we ought to pay a visit to one of the Timber Slides,
which are tolerably frequent in the upper river. One is
erected on the northern bank, and we will here tarry for
a moment whilst we watch the fate of one of those huge
rafts of hewn wood, down its headlong rush. These
water-shoots are erected for the purpose of getting the
fallen trees from the higher level down to the /iver at the
smallest possible cost, and, wherever water can
be obtained in sufficient quantity, this has been done.
Where the descent is very steep, these " shoots " are
broken up at stated intervals into long straight runs, In
order to destroy the impetus which the rafts would
naturally acquire. The descent on one of the rafts down
the timber slide is a thing only to be attempted by those
who possess bold and steady nerves. To say that there
is much danger in such an excursion, would be to
exaggerate the risk, whilst to say that there is none
would be as far from the truth. An application to the
" boss " of a gang of raftsmen would, without difficulty,
obtain the privilege of a ride down. The population of
Ottawa is about 30,000.
Returning we arrive at

MONTREAL,

•

the commercial metropolis of the Dominion of Canada,
situated upon the south shore of an island (bearing the
same name) and at the base of a beautiful eminence,
known as Mount Royal, from which both the city and
island derive their name. Its population is 150,000.
The island is about thirty miles long, and ten broad, and

,,"!

Mils

234 All-Rctini Route and Panorauiic Guide.

¥■

\ , f'i'i -;

%'-■■

El ' > ,

Ki'Ml*':

Jti

2
o

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 235

is formed by the River Ottawa debouching into the St.
Lawrence at its western and eastern extremities, the
former near St. Anne's, the latter at Bout de I'lsle. It
is famed for the fertiUty of its soil, and is frequently
called the " Garden of Canada." The site of the city
was first visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, and at that
time, he found a village of Indians situated near the
foot of the Mountain. He landed a short distance
below the city, at a point still known by the name of
the Indian Village, " Hochelaga," When he reached
the top of the mountain, to which he was guided by the
Indian Chief " Donnacona," he was so struck by the
magnificent outlook that he named it in honor of his
master, "the Royal Mount." Champlain also visited the
site in 161 1, but the village, with its inhabitants, had
been swept away, probably by some hostile tribe. A few
years ago a large quantity of skeletons and pottery was
discovered under buildings on the site of this village.
The first settlement was made by the French in 1642.
In its early history the city was repeatedly attacked by
the Indians, and in 1684 a wooden wall erected for
defence. This was replaced in 1722 by a massive stone
wall with redoubts and bastions. In 1759, ^vhen
Canado was conquered by the British, Montreal had a
population of 4,000 souls. The streets were narrow and
the houses low. Some of these buildings are still standing,
and a walk through the two or three streets still retain-
ing their primitive buildings and narrow paths,
strongly reminds us of the quaint old towns of Rouen,
Caen, and others in Normandy. At the date named,
the town was divided into upper and lower town ; the
upper part then being the level of the present Court

236 All-Rou7id Raiitc and Panoramic Guide.

' 1

W^r

■V

'i'f'j

iS'l' ;■'

1 ' ! i

I ,
i

• }

House. In the lower town the merchants and men of
business chiefly resided, and here also were the place of
arms, the royal magazines, and the Nunnery Hospital
The p;-incipal buildings were in the upper town, such as
the palace of the Governor, the houses of the chief
officers, the Convent of the Recollets, the Jesuits Church
and Seminary, the Free School and the Parish Church.
In 1775, the city was taken by the American forces
under Montgomery. The growth of the city has been
exceedingly rapid, and the view, as seen on our approach

CANADIAN PACIFIC R. B. OFFICES, PLACE D'ARMES.

by steamboat, with Mount Royal for a background,
covered with beautiful villas, interspersed here and there
with tall spires, is majestic, and for beauty almost
unrivalled.

The river frontage is almost three miles in length,
extending from the Victoria Bridge to the village of
Hochelaga. For upwards of a mile it has an excellent
stone retaining wall, from the entrance to the Lachine
Canal to below the Bonsecours Market, which, with its

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 237

glittering dome, forms one of the most conspicuous
objects in the right foreground, and contrasts with the
neighboring spire of the Bonsecours Church, one of the
oldest churches in Montreal. We think the view from
the steamer can scarcely be surpassed, as we sail under
the centre tube of the Victoria Bridge, and first view the
long array of glittering spires, the lofty towers of the

CUSTOM HOUSE.

Parish Church of Notre Dame, the well-proportioned
tower of the Customs Buildings, and the long unbroken
Ime of cut stone flanking the wharf.

At the beginning of the present century vessels of
more than 300 tons could not ascend to Montreal, its
foreign trade was carried on by small brigs and b ,rques,
and the freight and passengers were landed upon a low
muddy beach. In 1809 the first steam vessel, called
the "Accommodation," built by Hon. John Molson.
made a trip to Quebec ; she had berths for about twenty
passengers. Now behold the contrast that fifty years of
mdustry, intelligence, enterprise and labor have produced
—ocean steamers of over 5,000 tons : the magnificent

«\ 'til

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<>:'^'

'IB-''

«i .

I - ••

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■4.

238 All-RoMid Route and Panoramic Guide,

steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation
Company, vieing in splendor and comfort with the
far-famed Hudson River boats ; ships from 700 to 2,000
tons, from all parts of the world, lying alongside the
wharves of the harbor, which are not equalled on this
continent, in point of extent, accommodation, approach
and cleanliness.

LIVERPOOL AND MONTREAL SCREW STEAMER.

The Richelieu Hotel, on St. Vincent St. and Jacques
Cartier Square, the old quarter of the city, has the most
central situation of any hotel in Montreal. It is within
a stone's throw of the steamboat landing and harbor, and
adjacent to Jacques Cartier Square with Nelson's Monu-
ment, the Court House, City Hall, Bonsecours Market,
Place d'Armes, and French Cathedral, all of which are
prominent objects of interests to tourists. Mr. I. B.
Durocher is a courteous host and admirable manager.
Under his progressive management the Richelieu has
made rapid strides in the favour of the public, and every
year witnesses some improvement and the inauguration
of some new plan to increase the comfort of his guests,
and add to the popularity of the house.

dc.

Navigation
with the
)o to 2,000
ngside the
ed on this
, approach

d Jacques

the most

is within

arbor, and

n's Monu-

s Market,

which are

Mr. I. B.

manager.

lelieu has

and every

uguration

lis guests,

) I

' J

' i

mil

Pill*

f#.'

240 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

The Hotel extends through from St. Vincent St. to
Jacques Cartier Square, and has entrances on both.
The dining, drawing, and reception rooms are furnished
and ornamented in a most tasteful and artistic style,
and the bedrooms are most airy and comfortable, and
supplied with furniture of the latest design, while the
Hotel, generally, presents a first class appearance in
every respect. It has accommodation for 400 guests,
and its cuisine and attendance are all that can be
desired. It is the only first-class hotel in the
place which combines the American and European

RICHELIEU HOTEL.

plans. A feature of the house is the garden and Pavilion
on the roof of the house, from which a fine panorama of
the city is obtained, and the fresh breezes from the river
intercepted.

The principal street of the city is St. James street, on
which there are some of the finest buildings.

The new Post-ofiice at the corner of St. Francois

.Xavier street, stands prominently out, and alongside it

is the well-known hotel, the St. Lawrence Hall, whose

prestige has reflected credit upon the city, and whose

All.R„„„d Route ami Panoramic Guide. 24 ,
history is coincident with thnt nt ti.„
trea.. It was opened ilfe" It^rr^'it^'Td-

lore time, and at once, notwithstanding- the Pff^.f r
a host or^ v^ral^X:'?'-''-' ''-c.uiHn,

i street, on

ST. LAWRENCE HALL.

Passing down the same side of the street the fir-.

On the opposite corner, across the street, is an eauallv
fine bu,ld,„g, the Molsons Bank-, which has two LmaS
or facades built of Ohio sandstone. The shaftso fh
columns of the portico on the St. James treet Ln
of pohshed Peterhead granite. A little further up the
str et on the same side is ..Barron's Block," and he
bu. dmgsput up by the City and District Sav ngTLnk
and the Canada Life Assurance Company ; they t. fea ,y

K^flHf n4

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242

All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide.

worthy of any city in the world, and are evidences of
the substantial growth and prosperity of Montreal.

Turning down St. Peter street, past Molsons Bank»
upon the left, is a very handsome block, " Caverhill."

These stores are not surpassed by any in British
North America. They are six stories in height. The
front is an elaborate composition in the Italian Palazzo
style, bold in character. Near the foot of St. Peter street
runs, right and left, St. Paul street, wherein are
congregated nearly all the principal wholesale dry goods
and hardware stores. This street is a credit to the great
enterprise of Montreal, and is symbolic of the wealth of
the city. Passing along St. Paul street we enter McGill
street, on the corner of which stands the Dominion

DOMINION BUILDINGS.

Buildings, and directly opposite- is the Albion HoteU
which for the past twenty years has been favorably
known to travelers from all parts of the globe.

Proceeding up that street we next approach Victoria
Square with its bronze statue of the Queen, and its
playing fountains. Near its entrance are the Albert

de,

vidences of
:real.

>ons Bank'
'erhill."

in British
ight. The
an Palazzo
Peter street
herein are

dry goods
D the great
; wealth of
Iter McGill

Dominion

ion HoteU
favorably

:h Victoria
m, and its
:he Albert

AU-Round Rouu aud Pauoramic Guide. 243
Buildings, while directly across fh.
"*"-- -"idin, or LhiclcItrLrrnU

VO^O ME»'» CB«,..,., X«««,u™7 „„,„„„

244 All'RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide.

5* '

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v^M

Retracing our steps along St. James street, beyond the
Post Office, we enter a square called Place d'Armes. It
is not large in area ; but few squares on this continent, if
any, have as handsome buildings overlooking them.
Here is the French Parish Church, the largest in North
America, and capable of holding over ten thousand
people. It is about 260 feet long by 140 feet broad, and

FKENCH PARISH CHURCH.

the front facing the square is flanked by two massive
towers, 330 feet in height. In the one on the left is a
peal of jcIIf. The tower on the right can be ascended
on the payment of a small fee. In it is placed the
monster bell which goes by the name of "Gros Bourdon."
It weighs nearly 30,000 lbs. It has a deep bass sound,
and was used as a fire alarm. From the battlement a most

I i

^U-Koun, R^u,. and P„„or„„,u GMe. ,,;

«t the feet of the 1 cTlr ^ ^ ""'• '>"'"^ ■'''">«'
the ri^ht the Victor^ hI; Z , T"'; ^"""'■■"^■- '<>
L.-.p-,n-e, „,th it, gl,ttei':;fer h "b ',•'" "'"■•■"'^ °'
Lachine, the blue hills of Vermon 1 ^ r '^ '^^'^' "^
-to the left the beautiful ":'"f St' ^T '^''^-'^'^'
with trees, clothed in the nmuH ! "' ~''"^''

villages of St. La,„bert nd L™""?^ °' ''-"^^■^' '^c
studded with Islands untiHt V^"'"'' ""'' "^^ "ve--
village of Verch^res ^"very course is lost at the

«nt " M^ntrr otihf "^^^"'^^^■^' -"-
buildings in the eity ■ i I bui t f r ""P°-^'"g P'-bHc
style is pure Corinfhhn Ad .°' '"'. ''■"-«'""«. and its
the Canadian Pacmc R iUvav'?, "'^;' "" "''^ °«"' °f
cut stone front and coi,T'fo 1"'^ '"'"'"S with
°f the City Bank ' "'""^"'^ "^« headquarters

an°r it"tn1 It^ ? '^^ ""-^ «-^.
office. The former is built of Si ?"" '''""P''"^''
■-pretty pieee of st^ t L^htrre "o ' 7""^°"'
hand side is a fine bloek called Mu'\ ?," "'^ "g'^'
fourth flat is occupied hv II u ''"'''''"g'*- The

Freemasons. NeT ts ^L ! "''""^ ^''^'^^"'•'y °f
CartierBank. The ce ,trlof ^ '^'■'"' Building-Jacques
garden with a fine Cll '"""' " '^''' ™' «^ ^

Proceeding up Notre Dame street n,. . ■
a somewhat dilapidated Column k "'''

Monument. As httle .=, ' "°*" ''^ kelson's

its Preservatiota hee 1?:^'°^^"^^'°"^'' "P""

choice of its position F '™^/*^te shown in the first

pos,t,on. Formerly the jail stood opposite,

246 AU-Rmnd Rpute and Panoramic Gnide,

\' . \'. I.

, . fS../!

Al,.Ro,u,d Ronu a,„i Pa,.ora„nc Guide. 247

'^x.A u;, r ^^ "IS lavorite element, " water "

in height, co„tni„i„s a 1 , c jud hrv' T "^'"'^
the Prothonotary. office -.ni^t?^ 7'1' "' "'*-'" '•'^
There is in it a very ^uZ' CZ:t^'fT'-
^pwards or 6,000 volun... Adjliljr He r'a';?
Hall, a most imposing structure, in the liWu Ita hn T 7

ground was used by the British fr„ ""*:"^'^'=''- This
in Canada, '™°''' "•'"^" quartered

The old buildino-s dfrprfl.r k« j i
were erected in ^7^^ Tnfi ^T, '^' "'°""'"^nt
Government House Here t '' 7' ""'' '' '

occupation of the cit; by th! A "' """"« '^'

w...- • T^ ^ ^ ^"^ Americans the ceIehrnf^r^

Benjamin Franklin, Charles CarrnI n,.^ c .'^^'^^^^^

the Commissioners of cltresrhll'^l ""^ ''''''''
war, and beneath its rotr^" fir-t • '•"' '""""'^ ^'
used in Montreal L. . ^'''"^'"^ P''"^^ ^^^«'

The bui,ding'ir'nor.r Jas ^^r/.t^'f l^

Slfr- '^'^^'■"^ '"^ cha.:;s:rs -r ::

o7th/« '^;P-'"-""'="' °f 'he Don,inion, On the slope
McG.ll College, whde lower down, on University street

. . ■•f;*!^

u^i

1^ >ft

Kfa- I

^^'!

^v>' .11'^ J

248 All- Round RpHic and Panoramic Guide.

is the Museum of the Natural History Society. Here
the touri-^t can gain information relative to the zoology
and ornithology of Canada ; and to tho.e who are
disciples of Isaac VVa-ton, the curator can give any
ii:formation regarding the fishing grounds.

The English Cathedral (Episcopal), on St. Catherine
street, is by far the most perfect specimen o"" Gothic
architecture in America. It is well worthy a visit.
The streets in this neighborhood are studded with
churches— Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan,
and Episcopalian— each tending to make the ecclesias-
tical architecture of the city worthy of comparison with
the many public buildings with which Montreal abounds.
A new Catholic Cathedral is being erected corner of
Dorchester and Cathedral streets, to be second only in
the world to St. Peter's at Rome, and after the same
design.

The Church of the Jesuits on Bleury street is a very
imposing edifice. The interior is covered with frescoes
of incidents in the lives of our Saviour and His
Apostles.

Erskine Church and Knox Church (Presbyterian) are
two fine specimens ot modern Gothic. The Weslevan
Church, Dorchester street, with its graceful spire forms
a conspicuous object, though its dimensions are over-
topped by the large American Presbyterian Church
adjoining it.

WINDSOR HOTEL.

This building is designed after the style of the famous
" Potter Palmer " Hotel in Chicago, and by the same
architect. The furniture and appointments are most

All-Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 249

costly and luxurious, and the house contains everything
proper to a first-class hotel. No expense has been
spared to make it the Palace Hotel of the Dominion.
Q JEEN's Hall, situated on St. Catherme Street, is a
fine block, and has the finest hall in the city.

?'^ 'IBB ' \

A little further westward on St. Catherine street is a
pretty little Gothic church (Episcopalian), dedicated to
St. James the Apostle, and beyond that again stands

''i\

< V'

','•

'ii

i^,

*) .1

250 All- Round F,oHtc and Panoramic Guide.

the large Roman Catholic Seminary, on the Priests*
farm. Here is a beautiful chapel, well worthy of

s CATHOLIC SEMINARY.

inspection. The grounds and gardens attached to the
Seminary are well laid out.

Returning from the Seminary by Guy street, we visit
the celebrated Grey Nunnery, founded in 1642. This

GREY NUNNERY.

new edifice covers an immense area, and the chapel and
wards of the nunnery are annually visited by thousands

AU-Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. 25 r
of tourists. The old nunnery near the river, so lon» the
centre of attraction, from its quaint app;arance\nd
solemn-looking walls, has given way to beautTfu ware'
houses and stores, which line the streets opened thrluS.
■ts former spacious gardens. A visit to the Res rvo

Mew of the city may here be obtained. From these

rom the St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half above
the Lach,ne Rapids, where the elevation of the rivir

Thtw^e fr' '' '"' ^""'^^ '"^ "--^^ of Montreal
The Wheel-house at the termination of the Aqueduct is
worthy of notice. The water is admitted to and
^sc arged from this building through submerged arch

Xove and hT't r'""™"' P^-'^^es, extending
above and below the building. There are two iron

rS:rt°s "' '"■"'•'" ^"' ^° '''' "^^'^ -'* ---"

n„ ety thousand square feet, 206 feet above the harbor
w,th a depth of 25 feet. The length is 623 feet with a
breadth of :73. formed into two reservoirs by a diT!*:
_^a i. The two contain about fifteen million gallons
Total cost of aqueduct, machinery, -pumping main and
reservoirs, over $2,000,000. With the power here
supplied the Fire Department are enabled to hold in
check any threatening conflagration, and their efriciency
..s mcreased by the Fire Alarm Telegraph, which has
proved a thorough success. The chief office is in the
City Hall, from which it has connections with upwards
of 98 boxes, the church bells, several public clocks, the
Observatory and Water works.

[",»|r*""1

252 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

"•!>.

■1

^1^

kHh

H>U

iff ■", i

THE VICTORIA BRIDGE
ought to be visited. Visitors are allowed to examine
the first tube without an order, and as they are all alike,
to see one tube is to see all. The Bridge is a wonderful
structure, and reflects as much credit on the successful
builders as upon the original designers. The tube
through which the trains pass rests upon twenty-four
piers, and is about a mile and a quarter long. The piers
are all at a distance of 242 feet, with the exception of

MONTREAL AND VICTORIA BRIDGE.

the two centre piers, which are 330 feet; upon these
rests the centre tube, which is 60 feet above the summer
level of the St. Lawrence. At the centre of the bridge
is an opening, from which there is a magnificent view of
the river.

The bridge is approached by two massive embank-
ments, the one on the Montreal side being 1,200 feet,
and that on the south shore 800 feet in length ; which
together, including the abutments, make the total length
of the bridge 9,084 feet, or a mile and three quarters
nearly.

The abutments are each, at the base, 278 feet long,
and are built hollow, having eight openings or cells, 48
feet in length, and 24 feet in width, separated by cross-

All- Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 2 5 3

sTream ,t;' '" "'''"r ''''' '''"'^-«-" - *c down-
in ThTl. "'? "'"^'^ P-Pendicular, and is seven feet
m thickness ; that on the up-stream has a slope fron ' its

r andThe""""''' ^ ^^ *'"^'^"^^^ "^ ">^ ^'^ -
feet, and they present a smooth surface to facilitate the

operat,on of the ice, on which account its form l^ad bl

thus determmed. To insure greater resistance to the

pressure of the ice, the cells are filled up wi h e.r«,

TaLd:" ''''-'' "^ ''-' "- -'" -- -si;:t

feet above th"'"'"'' '" ^°"'' """P"''" "' ^'«"- 36

o feet o"th ""'"" ?'" '"'''■ '"" °^ 'he width of
30 feet on the upper surface, formed with a slope of one

heiv.^.rsiit T: ''"' °' *^ *-■"' -"^ ' "''r

shelving slope of about 2'/, to one on the upper side

-the slopes are faced with stones set on edge at al'

average angle of about 45°. ^ ""'

The piers are solid, and constructed, as well as

masonry, la,d m horizontal courses measuring from 7
to .2 feet on the bed, and from 3 feet .0 inchetto ° Lt
6 inches thick above the water level, and then v" ;yt
•nto a course of .8 inches under the plates. The stones
were cut with the greatest exactnes^ seldom tJiX:

7 tLT r ''"'" '""^ ''"■ ^'-y -'g>^ f^" o

AuT '^f '^'''^" *'^''^'" °f ^^'h stone is 10^ tons
AM the beds and vertical joints are square, dreid i
the most efficient and workmanlike manner- the
externa face rough, and without any pick or too marks
but with the natural quarry face preserved. '

Ihe string-courses and copings are fair-nicked
dressed throughout and neatly poiiued and weatheted

< "ll

•s

if :'"

•rt! ,

254 All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide.

and a tool draft, eight inches wide, on each quoin. Each
course of the ice-breaker is secured with fox-wedged
bolts of 1% inch iron, which pass through into the
second ana third courses under it, and the horizontal
joints are cramped together with iron cramps 12x5 inches
through which the bolts pass.

The description of stone used is a limestone of the
Lower Silurian order, and known under the Geological
erm of Chazy. The average height of the piers above
the summer water level is 48 feet, gradually rising from
a height of 36 feet at the abutments to 60 feet at the
centre pier, giving a grade of . in ,32, or 40 feet to the
mile. The centre span is level. Each pier is furnished
w-th a solid cut-water or ice-breaker, which forms a
portion of the pier itself. They are of a wedge form,
and slope from their foundations upwards, terminating
m an angle, 30 feet above the summer level of the river
The dimensions of the pier at the junction with the cut-
water are 16x48 ft., but the whole transverse side of a
pier at the foundation, including the cut-water, which
extends up the stream, is 16x90 feet

The foundations, of course, vary; some are as low as
20 feet below the water.

The whole of the ashlar is laid in hydraulic cement
m the proportion of one part sand to one part cement.
The backing from the level of the surface of water
upwards IS in common mortar. The piers are calculated
to resist a pressure of seventy thousand tons

The important part this bridge plays in the uninter-
rupted transportation of the Western traffic with that
of the hastern States-Boston, Portland, etc., need not
be dilated on. It is more than commensurate with its

'dc.

uoin. Each
bx-wedged
h into the
horizontal
2x5 inches

3ne of the
Geological
>iers above
ising from
set at the
feet to the
furnished
1 forms a
dge form,
rminating
the river.
1 the cut-
side of a
er, which

as low as

: cement^

cement.

of water

alculated

uninter-
^ith that
leed not
with its

An.Rou„d Route aud Panoramic Guide. 255
or Which cannottte^Sr ■"""■■-•-■ ""^ -'-

Mountain ..a„crSrR:r t";^ ""T' '"^
we leave the City by St. Wence'M^Se^ '"""''
on our way, near the City limit, L irll ' ^''""^

surmounted by a beautifnl H ^" '"""^"^'' structure

Dieu," a Cc-st^r an^ Ho i,tr ThJ h^ t "^ " ""^'
P___^^^^ ^ospital. The buildmg with its

HOTEL DIEU.

'•"^ to the'beautTr.Mo^T.lrrr"' '^'' '""-
restinsf-place of th^ P f ^''' Cemetery," the

the ,™u„r :,, oiiT"' tr' °' ''''"'"^^'' -^

cen,eteries of the oTwtrr IV^l' ''^ "'^'^^'^'
Cemetery adjoins the Mount Rn ^ ;""'" ^"''°'''^
by the road leading t! t^^ ^ ' '"'' '' approached

The drive on wh h ' e h ''^°'"' "'" "^ "^^ ^°""'«'"-
one. A fine view i, I ';""^''^' " ■•• ^"'y ^^'-ghtful

des NeigeTLro" thf T"!. °' "'^ ^^'^-^ ^™™ C6te
ges, across the island to the " Back- River," or

A ,

256 All-Rouud Route and Pauommic Guide.

•

Ottawa, with its numerous hamlets, convents and
churches ; and for a picnic commend us to the Priesfs
Island, close to the old mill of the rapids, Sault au
RecoUet, a delightful spot, and where, during the season,
a good day's fishing is to be had.

The drive to Lachine will prove of the greatest
interest. The Lower Lachine Road leads along the
bank of the St. Lawrence, and during the drive there
may be seen the steamer descending the rapids.

To points beyond the island of Montreal, a favorite
trip ib that to Beloeil Mountain, near St. Hilaire. The
latter is a station on the Grand Trunk Railway, about
18 miles from Montreal, where several trains stop during
the day, Situated on a high table rock, near the sumt
mit of the mountain, is the " Iroquois House," a hotel
kept in first-class style by the Campbell Bros., and a
most fashionable place of resort. Near it is a beautiful
httle lake, formed in a hollow of the mountain, and three
miles in circumference, where fishing, boating and bath-
ing may be enjoyed. The location is most healthy,
and the views in every direction most charming.
The accommodation at the hotel is very complete,
and every attention given to the comfort and grati-'
fication of those who patronize the " Iroquois."
This mountain is the centre of great interest to the
French Canadian Catholics. On the road are, at
intervals, wooden crosses having inscriptions referring to
our Saviour's journey to Mount Calvary, and on the
summit of the mountain are the ruins of a chapel erected
some years ago. From these ruins, about 1,400 feet
above the river, a splendid panoramic view of the
country for 60 miles round may be had.

idc,

ivents and

the Pries fs

h Sault au

the season,

ic greatest
along the
irive there
ds.

a favorite
lairc. The
vay, about
top during
r the sum-
e," a hotel
ros., and a
a beautiful
, and three
and bath-
t healthy,
charming,
complete,
and grati-
Iroquois."
jst to the
1 are, at
ferring to
id on the
el erected
,400 feet
V of the

"'gfit, except Sunday, during the time th,^ •
■s open. Any traveller preferrin.. th. I . """ff««°"
take the trains, either the North sh Tt '°'"' ''"
'o . Quebec, or the G^d ^7 ^^^ """'
arnve .Point Levis, opposite " the" AnS^^p.-^?

258 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

S <.i-

i9.

-,2

All-Rowid Route and Panoramic Guide. 259

(as Qucbccers are fond of styling their city,) whence 1
steam ferry will soon convey them across the rive" or
by the trains of the North Shore railway, which nm
down the North side of the river. To many, howeJer
the most agreeable route is that selecte<l by us for des
cr,pt,on. VVe shall therefore, go on board the " Montreal"
or Quebec, take a stateroom, and be lan.led early
next mornmg at one of the quays of Quebec

The scenery on this part of our route is not striking
we shall therefore content ourselves with briefly no icing

whilfrir'"'" "'"^ °' "'^'■'^'' °"'- ™-^l -"' pass
wh,le probably we ourselves are enjoying a refreshing

sleep. As we steam out of the wharf, we pass by the

after the beautiful w,fe of Champlain, the first Governor
of Canada and the founder of Quebec. Just below the
Island ,s the village of Longueuil, a favorite summer
resort of the citizens of Montreal.

SOREL,
or William Henry, is situated at the mouth of the
Rtcheheu, the outlet of Lake Champlain into the St
Lawrence It occupies the site of a fort built by the
Marquis de Tracy in .665, and was for many years the
sumnier residence of the English Governors of Canada
and here Queen Victoria's father at one time resided
1 he population is about 5,000.
^^Immediately below Sorel, the river widens into a lake

ST. PETER,
Which is about 35 miles in length, and about .0 miles
.n w,dth. It is very shallow, except in a narrow

»4 'J

V. ";i

I \

It'

I ;::i •,

260 All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Guide,

channel, which has been excavated for the ocean
stcatnci's atul sailing vessels of very lar^e tonnage,
coming up to Montreal during the summer season.

In calm weather it is pleasant sailing over its waters,
tut, owing to its shallowness, a strong wind causes its
waves to rise tempestuously, and many wrecks,
principally of rafts, take place every year.

tide.

' the ocean
fjc tonnage,
season.

U
H
W

H
(/■.

U
Ui

■<
)-)

v;
o

• its waters,
I causes its
ly wrecks,

All-Ro,md R„„c and I\vwn,mic Guide.

261

We now touch at the half way port of

Tmu;i.: rivkrs,

Situated at the confluence of the rivers St. Maurice and

amon"! ,: ar ihe Co^r?;"-^ "•''"^ '''°"" ■'"■■'"'"f^-'.

Catholic C r ^ SZ „e r '"' "" •'■^"' "" ^""""

and Methodist C rch T, "^k'"""' "'" ''"S"^"
•-liurches. The celebrated St. Maurice

CANADIAN HAni-'ANTs

ror^rst c::;;'^ t,:-' "t "-- '- «-

".in a century. The population is 12,000.
BATISCAN,
A village of little importance, is the last stoppin<.-phce
before reach.ng Quebec. Seven miles above Que^c
we pass the mouth of the Chaudi^.e river A shor;

^TV::iJ^' ^"'-"- -^ ■*--<' *e ChauS
:, • „ '^"^ ^'■'= ""y beautiful and romantic and
are annually visited by large numbers of touris f The
nver a th,s point is about four hundred feet w de and
the he,ght of the falls is one hundred and tw n fy-five

♦J

VI-'

i
<!
if

W',

7 s ■

»<i- Hi

I' A l] .< '

-^f

« ■ ;:

f.'-^.

''?

262

All~Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

feet. The course of the river is thickly studded with
picturesque islands, covered with fine trees, which add
much to the beauty of the scenery.

CANADIAN FARM-iiOUSE.

In passing down the St. Lawrence, the country upon
its banks presents a sameness in its general scenery,
until we approach the vicinity of Quebec. The villages
and hamlets are decidedly French in character, and are
generally made up of small buildings ; the better class
are painted white, or whitewashed, having red roofs.

-■$ !

CANADIAN PEASANT. CANADIAN PRIEST.

Prominent in the distance appear the tin -covered spires
of the Catholic Churches, which are all constructed in a
style of architecture peculiar to that Church.

de.

idded with
which add

ntry upon
\\ scenery,
he villages
r, and are
)etter class
red roofs.

§L^

EST,

red spires
acted in a

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 263

The rafts of timber afford a highly interesting feature
<M. the river as the traveller passes along. On each a
shed . built for the raftsmen, some of'whom Hg out

flttte f''' T'"'^'^ ''''' "'^' ^^>^ ^^----^> which
flutterj^ the tops of poles. Thus, when se;eral of

these rafts are grappled together,
forming, as it were, a floating island
of timber, the sight is extremely
picturesque ; and when the voices of
I these hardy sons of the forest and
' the stream join in some of their
Canadian boat songs, the wild music,
borne by the breeze along the water,
— ,, has a charming effect. Many of

CANADIAN BOATMEN, these rafts may be seen lying in the
Coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the difterent
parts of the world.

We now come within sight of the « Gibraltar of
America " as the fortified city we are approaching has
been called.

QUEBEC.

|AVING landed, our first course is to proceed to a
hotel. On this point our choice would be the St.
Louis, owned by the Russell Hotel Co The
tourist or man of business will have no trouble in making
his way to the well-known St. Louis Hotel, where he will
always be greeted in such a hospitable and home-like
way that he feels comfortable and at his ease at once.
The St. Louis Hotel takes the lead in the hotel business
here, and is kept by the Russell Hotel Company, whose
president is that well-known veteran hotel proprietor

Rf''^

r ■

HB';i:'

I'-'

'1 , »;>

*■■"' ■

Iv '

l^i' 4

1""

1^/ 1

y," »

t i

|i >

^^1 i

264 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

Willis Russell. Esq., whose name is a sufficient guarantee
that patrons of the St. Louis Hotel will always receive the
best of accommodation. This Hotel is situated un the
principal thoroughfare of the city, St. Louis street,
surrounded by the most delightful and fashionable pro-
menades, etc. For us to enumerate the distinguished
people who have made the St. Louis Hotel their home
during the past ten years would be almost like publishing
the names of the celebrated persons who have visited the
city during that period.

ST. LOUIS HOTEL.

At this house the tourist will find himself at home and
surrounded by every comfort he possibly can desire,
and we are quite satisfied that his experience will be like
our own, and lead to oft-repeated journeys to the old city.

Quebec, until recently the capital of United Canada,
is situated on the north shore of thp St. Lawrence, in
lat. 46 deg. 48 min. north, and long.71 deg. 15 min. west
from Greenwich. It was founded by Champlain, in
1608, on the site of an Indian village, called Stadacona,.
It is the second city in the Province, and has a popula-

ie.

guarantee
•eceive the
;d on the
uis street,
lable pro-
inguished
eir home
>ublishing
isited the

All-Rotind Route aud Panor

•ainic Guide.

26s,

ome and
1 desire,
1 be like
old city.
Canada,
ence, in
lin. west
•lain, in
xdacona..
popula-

266 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

. % Hf

^.' til]

(• 1

If 'I I

•I -t.<

tion of about 65,000. The form of the city is nearly
that of a triangle, the Plains of Abraham forming the
base, and the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, the
sides. It is divided into two parts— Upper and Lower
Towns. The Upper Town is strongly fortified, and
includes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond,
which is the most formidable fortress in America. The
Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land which
runs at the base of the Cape, and of the high grounds
upon which Upper Town stands; and the suburbs of
St. Roch's and St. John's extend along the River St.
Charles, and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was
taken by the British and Colonial forces in 1629, but
restored to France in 1722. It was finally captured by
Wolfe in 1759, and together with all the French
possessions in North America, was ceded to Great
Britain by the treaty of 1763.

Quebec, including the City and suburbs, contains 174
streets, among the principal of which are the following :
St. John Street, which extends from Fabrique street to
St. John's Gate in the Upper Tow^n, and is occupied
chiefly by retail stores; St. Louis Street, a handsome
and well-built street, extending from the Place d'Armes
to the old St. Louis Gate, and occupied principally by
lawyers' offices and private dwellings. D'Auteuil
Street faces the Esplanade and the grounds where the
military were drilled, and is an elegant street mostly of
private dwellings ; Grand Alice or St Louis Road, out-
side St. Louis Gate, and leading to the Plains of
Abraham, is a pleasant and beautiful street, on which
are many elegant villa residences ; St. John Street with-
out, is also a fine street, occupied by shops and private

5 nearly
ling the
rles, the
1 Lower
ed, and
iamond,
a. The
J which
grounds
)urbs of
iver St.
bee was
629, but
ured by
French

Great

ins 174
llowing :
itreet to
)ccupied
indsome
d'Armes
)ally by
'Auteuil
lere the
ostly of
id, out-
lains of

1 which
et with-

private

AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. 267

dwellings. The principal street in the Lower Town is
bt. Peter, on which, and on the wharves and small streets
which branch from it, most of the banks, insurance com-
panies, and merchants' offices are situated

The fur trade of Quebec is very large,* and has for
many years employed thousands of dollars capital, and
hundreds of men. The firm of G. R. Renfrew & Co

^'J\ fT7"': ^"'"''^ ""''"''^y "PP°^'^^ ^^e Roman
Catholic Cathedral, are the most extensive dealers in

furs in Quebec, as well as Canada. They are the oldest
house in this branch of business, having been established
in Quebec for a great many years, and having ever main-
tamed the best reputation for fair dealing and reiiabihty
in representing their goods. This firm import and manu-
facture all of their own goods, among which are to be
found the choicest Russian and Hudson Bay Sables
Canada Mini, Ermine, Grebe, Fancy Furs, a'nd So^^h
Sea Seal goods of all kinds and forms. They also keep
a large assortment of Indian Curiosities, and are the
most fashionable Hatters in Quebec. All their goods

U^itirStlT^' ^^^^ ''-' ''- '-'- '-'^ - ^'^
The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most
nteresting objects to visitors. The area embraced within
the fortifications of the Citadel is more than forty acres.
Ihe line of fortification, enclosing the Citadel and the
Upper Town is nearly three miles in length, and the
guns with which they are mounted are mostly thirty-
two and forty-eight pounders. Until the past few years
there were five gates to the city, three of which, Prescott.
Pajace and Hope gates, communicated with the Lower
Town, and two of which. St. Louis and St. John's gates

268 All-Rotiud Route and Panoramic Guide,

Pi w'

'•I

-I

.?'|i '1

communicated with the suburbs of the same name.
About three quarters of a mile from the city are four
Martello Towers, fronting the plains of Abraham, and
intended to impede the advance of an enemy in that
direction.

Durham
Terrace, in
UpperTown
is a platform
commanding
a splendid view!
of the river and
the Lower Town.
It occupies the site of
the old castle of St.'
Louis, which was burnt
in 1834, and was erect-
ed by a nobleman
whose name it bears.

The Public Garden fronts
on Des Carrieres Street, Up-
per Town, and contains an
elegant monument, which was
erected to the memory of

Wolfe and Montcalm, in face of the citadel, quebec,
1827. The height of this monument is 65 feet; its
design is chaste and beautiful, and no stranger should
leave Quebec without visiting it.

The Place d'Armes is an open piece of ground, around
which the old chateau of St. Louis, the Government
offices, the English Cathedral, and the old Court House
are situated.

li-' ''iii

11 ';M'B'' ';l

.-\i

All.Rou„d Route and Pauoramic Guide. 269

beh ccn D Autcuil Street and the ramparts.

The Ro„„„ Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon the

tt>re T^' ""^ "° ^'■"'" P-^^n-ons to archi-

lecture The mtenor is handsomely fitted up, and has

wonw 'r •""""■'•'■^ '^ '''^ "'" "''''"'' "■''-' ■•- -'

Tons ,: ''r""T- ^"^ ^''"^^'' -'" -^' 4,000 per.
sons. It has a good organ.

St. l.atriel<'s Church on St. Helen Street, Upper
Town ,s a neat and comfortable building, and is capa
ble of seating about 3,000 persons. • '^

in the St'^R ?."""k°'V^' ^°"'''" '"' '^""-h streets,
in he St. Roch s suburbs, is a large and commodiou

bu, Idmg and will seat 4,000 persons. There are seve°ra
good paintings in this church.

The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, on Notre
Dame Street, .s one of the oldest buildings L the city

fortably fitted up, and will seat over 2,000 persons.
Protestant Churches.

Street' ^t"^!"' ^.f '''"' '■■' '''"'"''' '^'='— Garden
Street, St Ann Street, and the Place d'Armes, Upper

wn irbet'^ ' ^"'^""^ "'''"''' '35 by 75 feet,Tnd
u.ll seat between 3,000 and 4,000 persons. This church

:ryfi::;:r''""°^'''^^^-"---^'^'

Trinity Church, situated on St. Nicholas Street, Upper

St Peter r'. T- '"'""■•" ''-"^^■"ely decorated.
St. Peters Chapel is situated on St. Vallier Street

2/0 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guid

t *

St. Roch's, and is a neat, plain structure, which seats
about 500 persons.

St Paul's or The Mariner's Chapel is a small building
near Diamond Harbor, designed principally for seamen.
St. Andrew's Church, in connection with the Church
of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann Street, Upper Town.
The interior is well fitted up, and will seat 1,300 persons
St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on Francis
Street, Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and
will seat about 600 persons.

The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus Street is a
handsom^ Gothic building erected in 1850. The in- ■
terior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will
seat over 1,000 persons.

The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Ar-
tigny Street, and is a plain but substantial edifice.

The Congregational Church, on Palace Street, Upper
Town, is a neat building of cut-stone, erected in 1841,
and will seat about 800 persons.

The Baptist Church, on St. Ann St., Upper Town is a
neat stone building, and will accommodate 450 persons.

The other principal buildings worthy of notice are :

The Hotel Dieu, hospital and church, which front on
Palace Street, Upper Town, and, connected with the
cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres.
The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the
hospital has beds for about sixty sick persons.

The General Hospital is situated on ^.iver St. Charles,

in the St. Roch's ward. The hospital, convent, and church

are a handsome quadrangular pile of stone buildings,

well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed.

The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street,

J'^'Jiil

seats

All.Rou„d Rmc a„d Panoramic Guide ,7 ^

are or .assL g.y^Ce^:: th't S'T;; ^^^^f
rang e, and have a fine garden in the re^r ' ''"'''-

'ne Court House and thf. r;f„ u n
stone buildings situated qPt^ ' ■""'^ ™''=^tantial
adapted tt,-~^:;-^^^^^^

building, and cost a'bou ^^o It i *"""'? ^'""^
-ation.^^^

and emigrants and k n k .-r , ^ °^ sailors

stories Tf beautiful stone buildinjr of four

ar.oL:i™^.;t^r"^'---"-'

enclosed in a park'l/s'^r L'o ^ ""^^ ''""'"■"^'

The Music Hall is i h.n^
■'■•tuated on St. Louis LL^rXowr""^ "'"-

and the key of the St ttrfnt ' Oulb '^' ^'"^"^^'
possess interest of n^ ""^«"<^e--guebec must ever

formed tourbts iZ "^ '""^^'^^ ^^ "^"-n-

y crowning the summit of a lofty cape, must

2/2 All-Roimd Route afid Panoramic Guide,

it ■ ■"<;

■se -

i.:--i

1^ V

•#1' .

necessarily be difficult of access ; and when it is remem-
bered how irregular is ih^i plateau on which it stands,
having yet for thoroughfares the identical Indian paths of
Stadacona, or the narrow avenues and approaches of its
first settlers, in i6o8, it would be vain to hope for
regularity, breadth and beauty in streets, such as
modern cities can glory in. It is yet in its leading fea-
tures a city of the 17th century-- a quaint, curious,
drowsy, but healthy location for human beings ; a cheap
place of abode. If you like a crenelated fort with loop-
holes, grim-looking old guns, pyramids of shot and shell,
such is the spectacle high up in the skies in the airy
locality called the Upper Town. Some hundred feet
below it, appears a crowded mart of commerce, with
vast beaches, where rafts o( timber innumerable rest in
safety, a few feet from where a Avhole fleet of Great
Easterns might float securely on the waters of the famed-
river. On the plains of Abraham stands Wolfe's Monu-
ment close to the spot where the immortal British hero
expired, and near to che well from which water was pro-
cured to moisten his parched lips. A few minutes more
bring one to Mr. Price's Villa, Wolffield, where may be
seen the rugged path up the St. Denis burn, by which
the Highlanders and the English soldiers gained a foot-
ing above, on the 13th September, 1759, : — destined to
revolutionize the new world, the British being guided by
a French prisoner of war, brought with them from
England, (Denis a^ Vitre, an cid Quebecer,) or possibly
by Major Stobo, who had, in 1758, escaped from a
French prison in Quebec,and returned to his countrymen
the English, accompanying Saunders' fleet to Quebec.
The tourist next drives past Thornhill, Sir Francis

t is rcmem-
h it stands,
lian paths of
)aches of its

hope for
ts, such as
leading fea-
nt, curious,
gs ; a cheap
t with loop-
)t and shell,

in the airy
-Uidred feet
nerce, with
able rest in
2t of Great
f the famed <
)lfe's Monu-
3ritish hero
ter was pro-
inutes more
ere may be
1, by which
ined a foot-
destined to

1 guided by
them from

or possibly
3ed from a
:ountrymen

to Quebec.
Sir Francis

WAP CIFTHE LOWER 5^ LAWRENCE

1 ■'tn

' 11"

[tiKHl

§1 !

* -f.

f^-.

i' "h

l>'\

'-.'A

All-Rotcnd Route and Panoramic Gtdde. 273
"There he not only loved to hve. but would Hke to S

».«^ .«-c,„„,, B.L.,,, k;„^^^ f«»-

yj^^K^^^mjtifcEfc M,.d.. B.„i. i™;

after a nine miles"
drive, Redclyffe
closes the rural
landscape. Red-
^^y^Q is on the
top of the cape of
Cap Rouge, where
many indications
yet mark the spot
where Roberval's
ephemeral colony
wintered as far
back as 1541. The
visitor can now
return to the city
by the same road,
or select the St.
Foy road, skirting
the classic heights

months^after the first battle pf the Plains, lost the second!

274 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

28th April, 1760 — the St. Foy Church was then oc-
cupied by the British soldiers. Next comes Holland
House, Montgomery's head-quarters in 1775, behind
which is " Holland Tree," overshadowing, as of yore, the
graves of the Hollands.

The tourist shortly after observes the iron pillar, sur-
mounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, presented in
1855 by Prince Napoleon Bonaparte, intended to com-
memorate this fierce struggle.

In close proximity appears the bright parterres or
umbrageous groves of Bellevue, Hamwood, Bijou, West-
field and Sans Bruit, the dark gothic arches of Findlay
Asylum, and the traveller re-enters by St. John
Suburbs, with the broad basin of the St. Charles and
the pretty Island of Orleans staring him in the face.
Drive down next 'to see Montmorenci Falls, and the
little room which the Duke of Kent, Queen Victoria's
father occupied in 179 1. A trip to the Island of Or-
leans, in the ferry, will also repay the trouble ; it costs
very little ; half an hour of brisk steaming will do it.
Cross to St. Joseph, Levis, per ferry steamer, and go and
behold the most complete, the most formidable, as to
plan, the most modern earthworks in the world. Drive
to Lake Beauport, to luxuriate on its red trout, then to
the Hermitage, at Charlesbourg. Step into the Chateau
Bigot ; sit down like Volney, amidst the ruins of
Palmyra, and meditate on the rortiantic though unhappy
fate of dark-eyed Caroline, Bigot's Rosamond.* You
imagine you have seen every thing ; not so, my friend !

* You will peruse Caroline's pathetic tale in that repository of Canadian lore, Maple
Leaves, which you will find a trusty guide for objects without the city. At the beauti-
ful residence of the author of that work (Mr. T. M. Le Moine) may be seen many relics
of old (Quebec, and no one more ready than bi to impart information on the interesting
events of early Canadian History, in the knowledge of which few are so well acquainted.

All.Ro„„d Rouu and Panoramic Guide. 375

ct rbLS::a^°:r,^°: r.-pp--- ^^^^^^^, on the

grant y.u leCto visit the°ef'"^ ^'°^'"^'"' "'" ^^^'^^
his residence, raLTb; M n X^.^-'hworks '^^''-d

priateiy called Ringfield h " 'h W '^^^~'° "PP^"

the evening ag,.eeabVt the Morrircon '""" 'r^'^"''
rooms of the Litenru.^H u ''S'^' '"'he cosy

early, P^epawt^ ^S^fr-' f^^'^;-'' -^^e
morrow. '"^ <>™at campaign of the

Here ,7"°^" ^'""•''•' ■^'^ "IE Lakes!
Here are a few of them ■ T „i. ^ , ■

P'nlifpe, Lake yaun'e, sZhaCuc Bl T' """"
o:st, Lac Vincent, Lac T/ltf /a'''%^''' ""f-
McKen.ic, Lac Sagamitc LakeR r "' ^"^

an within a few hlrTlve " Ou h ^T'"
exception of Snow Lake IM T ^ "' *'"' 'he
-out weighing froL'fiL t' :r LTar St' r ^"t
and Snow Lake during the winter mon«L '^ ■"'"'"'

watered by the ;ac;^S:r;i-^^^^^^^

LAKE ST. JOHN

tTe wlaUroT'"- /^'"-'^-heen most lavish with
tne wealth of varied scenery with whirh .u u

dowed these waters, and no more pleasant trl " T"

made from venerable Quebec thant affo reVbTth:

,t '

lit •>»

J,i-

v..

U''' ^

t .

276 All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide,

LAKE ST. CHARLES,

thirteen miles north-west of Quebec, is one of the most
picturesque spots in Canada, and during the summer
months is frequently visited on account of its Arcadian
beauty. There is a remarkable echo at the Lake which
tarries some few seconds before repeating the sound
uttered. It is then re-echoed, " as though the nymphs
of the lake were summoning the dryads of the neigh-
boring woods to join in their sport. " To those who are
fond of angling, the lake affords an ample supply of
speckled trout.

THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCI.

In taking our departure from Quebec, and on our
way down the river we pass this celebrated cascade.
These Falls, which are situated in a beautiful nook
of the river, arehigher than those of Niagara, being more
than two hundred and fifty feet, but they are very nar-
row— befng only some fifty feet wide. This place is
celebrated for its winter amusements. During the
frosty weather, the spray from the falls accumulates to
such an extent, as to form a cone of some eighty feet
high. There is also a second cone of inferior altitude
called the " Ladies' Cone," and it is this of which visitors
make the most use, as being less dangerous than the
higher one. They carry " toboggans " —long, thin
pieces of wood about 8 or 10 feet in length by i foot in
width, turned u;j in front,— and having arrived at the
summit, place themselves on these and slide down with
immense velocity. Ladies and gentlemen both enter
with equal spirit into this amusement. It requires much
skill to avoid being capsized, and sometimes people do

'■:;«":'■•

ie.

f the most
e summer
Arcadian
ake which
the sound
e nymphs
he neigh-
e who are
supply of

CI.

id on our
i cascade,
tiful nook
leing more

very nar-
s place is
uring the
iiulates to
ighty feet
r altitude
ch visitors

than the
ong, thin
/■ I foot in
ed at the
lown with
oth enter
ires much
Deople do

AU.Rou„d Route and Pammmic Guide.

277

M* I

•,' u

n '".

278 All-Round Route mid Panoramic Guide.

find themselves at the bottom, minus the toboggan.
Visitors generally drive to this spot in sleighs, taking
their provisions with them ; and upon the pure white
cloth which nature has spread out for them they par-
take of their dainty repast, and enjoy a most agreeable
picnic. They do not feel in tiic least cold, as the exer-
cise so thoroughly warms and invigorates the system.
There are men and boys in attendance, for the purpose
of bringing down strangers who may desire to venture
down the icy mountain, and to those who can enjoy
this kind of pleasure, it is great sport. The drive to
the Falls is very beautiful ; the scenery on the road
through Beauport, where the Provincial Lunatic Asylum
is built, and back again being full of interest. The dis-
tance of these Falls from Quebec is eight miles. About
two miles above the Falls is a curious formation on the
river bank, called "the Natural Steps," being a series
of layers of the limestone rock, each about a foot in
thickness, and for about half-a-mile receding one above
the other, to the height of nearly 2C feet, as regularly
as if formed by the hand of man. They are a great
object of wonder and curiosity, and, being so near the
Falls, should certainly be included in the visit.

THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Having drawn toward the close of our visit to Quebec
we advise the tourist to at once make his arrangements
for visiting that very popular resort, the Saguenay. For
the past few years, thousands of Canadians and Ameri-
cans have wended their way to this famous river, and
the result of their experience has been to make it still
more popular. None who have been there but have

'-'t;

mm Wi

M-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 279
resolved to repeat the trip the first time they could
possibly do so and to those who have not enjoyed thk

guage of Shakspeare, "stand not upon the order of
your gomg, but go at once." All information cone m
ng the means of transit can be ascertained ,t the ho'd
o wh.ch we took our compasnons de voyage but Tn

o s^kw^'r^"'"' '° ^"'^"'^ '° "•'^ impf^;nt du ;

dLTn. .h^ ''""'"'" knowledge, we would saytha^

dunng the season steamers run between Quebec and
the Saguenay, leaving Quebec four times p. r week

Th K "■":" "^ *^ ^'^^-"-^ fro- MontTeal
These boats belong to the St. Lawrence Steam Naliga:
.on Company. They are elegantly fitted up for the
comfort of passengers, and furnished with every con
vemence; mdeed, there is nothing wanting to rend";

boa d°"TnT r '«^'■'^" ■"°^' ^^"■^'"^"■- One on
': m :t a !:Z^^ -e'ves steaming away down
^ooa speed, and turnmg our eves from fl,»
city we have just left, we see

THE ISLAND OF ORLEANS

fromThiTl "'■''^ ''^^ " '''^ '^'^ °^ '^-^'>-' - called
from tne luxunantgrowth of its wild grape vines It is

ievfli :m '" " '" "^ ^"^'"' ^^""'- There are

IZh f m ^'' T'"""^ "^^ •'' ■'^"^'■ac-- Like the
..land of Montreal, its soil is very fertile.

THE FALLS OF ST. ANNE
Seventy miles below Quebec, the River St. Anne
<nm'es mto the St. Lawrence. About two mil s from
thevdlagearethe celebrated falls of the same nam"

28o All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

At this point there is a solitary vale of rocks, almost a
natural grotto, through the centre of which the stream
rushes until it escapes by a narrow channel, and con-
tinues its course, rushing downward with ever-increasing
velocity. The scene below the cataract is very grand.
Five miles below St. Anne's River we pass Grosse Isle,.
a spot which ever recalls sadness. Thousands who left
their homes on the far-off shores of Great Britain, with
hearts full of the prospect of prosperity in the new
world of America, have here found their last resting-
place. In one single grave the bodies of about 6,000-
Irish Emigrants lie interred. Apart from these sad
recollections, the •' Quarantine " Island is a fair spot,
and its scenery is very beautiful. At this point the
river widens, and ere long has reached such a width as
to render its shores almost invisible from the deck of
our gallant vessel. Passing onward, until Quebec lies.
90 miles astern, we reach our first landing place.

MURRAY BAY,

or the favorite watering-place of the lower St,
Lawrence. The village is picturesquely situated amid
frowning hills and wild scenery. It is a great resort in
the summer months, and many Canadian families spend
the entire season in this healthy retreat. Every one
must enjoy a few days passed at this fashionable water-
ing place. The " Lome House "'is a comfortable hotel,
well furnished and managed — in connection with it are
a number of cottages which are rented to summer
visitors. Leaving it and steaming across the river,
which is about 20 miles wide at this point, we strike
Riviere du Loup, situated on the south shore. Here

de.

s, almost a
the stream
and con-
increasing
ery grand,
rrosse Isle,,
s who left
itain, with
1 the new
>t resting-

DOLlt 6,000-

these sad
fair spot,
point the
I width as
le deck of
uebec lies
:e.

ower St,
ted amid
: resort in
lies spend
very one
)le water-
ble hotel,,
^ith it are
summer
:he river,
kve strike
e. Here

All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Guide. 2g ,
those desirous of visiting the far-famed waterin., pl.ce

about"":-,":; '"''"k"' "^"^''"f^'^ pleasant d^iv of

a fashionti: ""^' '"^ '°""'^^' """ tl-emselves ,n
a^ fesh,o„able place, containing some very good build^

Leaving the wharf at Riviere du Lo„n o .
points her course again to the o^po le Z. ^ L^^T
than two hours we find ourselves at Tadousic, wl,ich "

CACOU.NA liAV.

at the n,outh of the River Saguenay. This is , verv
pleasant spot, and if no more time can be spa^d th n

t te touTi f t''^' "T""" ^' '"^ ^vharf'letl ad-
filw ,? ''^° ''"''"'■'^ "nniediately. There is a

sport'": tr- ^"' '■" ^"'""^^'■•"" ""^ '' ="' '''"d of

h.splati .1 """"""' °'""''°"- T'^'^ ''■^'hing of
tft.s place IS also very superior. A large number of Wllas

have been erected, including one builtV His E.;ce,re ^

Ilf

'A ■

?'' •'.I

.Ml'-,

h :;

282 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide.

Earl Dufiferin. Apart from its pleasures, Tadousac is
interesting from its having been from an early period
the capital of the French settlements, and one of their
chief fur-trading posts. Here are the ruins of a Jesuit
establishment, and on this spot once stood the first stone
and mortar building ever erected in America, the home
of Father Marquette, the explorer of the River Missis-

TADOUSAC.

sippi. A cluster of pine trees over 200 years old has
grown from the centre of these historical ruins.

Getting aboard again, the whistle is sounded, and we
are under steam, and now really enter the justly re-
nowned River Saguenay, and commence, as if by instinct,
to strain our eyes, that we may catch a glimpse of
all the magnificent natural grandeur that now bursts
upon us.

All-Kou.„i Rout. a„d Pa„o,-amc Guide. 283

"■"I"- -SAGUiCNAY RIVFR
Hf Sagucnay is the largest tributary of tl,e jrrent
ISt, Lawrence, and unquestionably one of 21 \
Ven,arl<able ri.ers of the continem It i . °'*
cipa outlet of l.-xW ^t i 1 '"'"'^'"- " « the prin-

lake about ort^ n ilt / ' " "' '^ ''' '"'' »'=""- »
timbered an 1 tn ;''itr"°r'^'' '' =" '^'^^'y
clear, and abound in Z:!^^:;'^^:'"^:^''

Tl,„i,i I- ■ "o yo" see a fall there ' "

The lake hes about ,50 miles north-east of the St I '
rence, and nearly due north of Quebee i^h, "i

nameoftheSaguenavwisrh.v f '•''^^- T'"-' onginal
waters ; " but the e!rlv F ^'^ . ."' "«""'^'"S " '^''''^P
name i now bears sad "h •"'■'■™"^™' S-'v--' it the
N^, -r. *"•■ '' '^"'■'■uption of St lean

in wMth I,L r : th ,"^ —averages half a mile
nesT- ; K r °"S'' '" *'™°»' untrodden wilder.

roT h rtrr: '" 11 '-''':• r ' ""'' "-'^'^

All • .u ^ ^^"^ '"'^e« below the SOUth^^rn

01 a nver of the same name, which is the outlet of a lonn-
lake, „a„,ed Kenokami, with the Saguenay Here is a
>-ange of rapids which extends ten miles. The l"di n
say there is a subterranean fall above the foot "f
rap,ds, wWch they call " Manitou," or tl e ■ Gi^Tat So - '"
To avoid these falls there is a carrying placeril'd^'L
<.rande Portage. An extensive lumber business is
transacted here ; the village has an ancient appearance!

, ' f

"^-.

'^ Hi'

I )i

•J. ,"

- I-

284 All.RouN<i Route and Panommic Guide.

and contains about five hundred inhabitants. The only
curiosity is a rude Catholic Church, said to have been
one of the earliest founded by the Jesuits. It occupies
the centre of a ^^rassy lawn surrounded by shrubbery
backed by a cluster c,f vvood-crowned hills.and commands
a fine prospect, not only of the Sa-uenay, but also of
the spacious bay formed by the c .fluence of the two
rivers. In the belfry of this venerable church han^rs a
clear-toned bell, with an inscription upon it, whichlias
never yet been translated or expounded. From ten to
twelve nn-le. south of Chicoutimi. a beautiful expanse
of water, called Grand or Ha! Ha! Bay recedes from
the Saguenay, to the distance of several miles.

The viUa-c of Grand Bay, 132 miles from Quebec is
the usual resort for those who wish to remain any time
in the neighborhood of the Saguenay. The name Ha '
Ha. IS said to be derived from the surprise which the
I^rench experienced when they first entered it, suppos-
nig It to be still the river, until their shallop grounded
on the north- western shore. At the northern head of
It IS another settlement called Bagotville. Between
these two places, the Saguenay is somewhat shallow
(when compared with the remainder of its course) and
varies in width from two and a half to three miles The
tide IS observable as far north as Chicoutimi, and this
entire section of the river is navigable for ships of the
largest class, which ascend thusYar for lumber.

That portion of the Saguenay extending from Ha ^
Ha! Bay to the St. Lawrence, a distance of nearly sixty
miles, IS chiefly distinguished, and properly so, for its
wonderful scenery. The shores are composed princi-
pally of granite, and every bend presents to view an

Guide.

The only
to have been
It occupies
y' shrubbery,
d commands
, but also of
c of the two
irch hanjrs a
t, which has
From ten to
iful expanse
ecedes from
les.

1 Quebec, is
lin any time

2 name Ha !
e which the
1 it, suppos-
p grounded
ern head of
. Between
lat shallow
course) and
niles. The
li, and this
hips of the
sr.

from Haf
learly sixty

so, for its
>ed princi-
o view an

M.Ro,.„d Route a„d Pa,.o,amic Guide. 285
imposing bluff. Many of tli<.«^ f

■■•"0 the air, and ^^Z tZltZ'^nT^''''
moment, 'tappc.. awful, i„^stc.^",,;,S '/' •■'"^'
to rai.se the eve« hrnvi.n,... x ^,^ "P "i<- ^"^aguenay,

directlyoveH,e,'cl am o'lnnir '1"'" "■•""^"'^
nearly a n.illion tons. H "rl a" " t V" ''' ""'"P-''
insignificance of „,an as 1 ''^'•''™' """ ^"''^ "ic

handiwork. "' ^"'"^ "l'"" ">-•■ Alnnghty's

™,N,TVR„CK-RrvE„„C.BNTr

-ofty plateau called' fa Tabl-au"'"' "^r"'"^"'°" °^ •■•
colored .rranite 6on f 7 . J r' ''°'"'"" o^ ^ark-

--ke from TX^^^^ ™ ^^^ Po-i-^^ing
-HergemofJ,ery.b:r;he'SrtiLt

I f

286 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

the Saguenay are Cape Eternity, and Trinity Rock, no
the south shore, six miles above St. John's Bay. If the
only recompense for the visit to the Saguenay was a
sight of these stupendous promontories, we are quite
sure no visitor would ever regret it. There is an awful
frrandeur and sublimity about them, which is perfectly
indescribable. The steamers shut off steam at these

CAt'E ETEUNITY — RIVEK SAGIKXAY.

points, and the best view possible is arranged for the
passengers by the Captain. The echo produced by
blowing the steam whistle is very fine indeed. The
water is said to be as deep five feet from the base of these
rocks as it is in the centre of the stream, and, from actual
measurement, many portions of it have been ascertained
to be a thousand feet, and the shallowest parts not less

■fi

ock, no
If the
' was a
re quite
11 awful
erfectly
t these

for the
uced by
. The

of these
m actual
:ertained

not less

All- Round Route and Patioraniic Guide. 28T

than a hundred ; and from the overhanging cliffs it
assumes a black and ink-like appearance. Cape Eternity
is by far the more imposing. It is here that an Indian

hunter, having followed a moose to the brow of the cliff,
after the deer had made a fatal spring far down into the
deep water, is said to have lost his foothold and perished
with his prey. We also learn from Le Moine's " Oiseaux

288 All-Roufid Route and Panoramic Guide.

.'Af%

%Z % t

du Canada," that two or three years ago fine speci-
mens of the bird of Washington, that rare eagle, were
shot here, and, indeed, continually the flight of the bald-
headed eagles along the summits of these beetling cliffs

the salmon leaping after its insect prey— or the seals

bobbing their heads out of the water, attract the sport-
sman's eye.

Nothing can surpass the magnificent salmon fishing
of the Marguerite and other streams, tributaries to the
Saguenay.

Before taking our departure from what must certainly
be classed as one of the most picturesque spots in North
America, we would pause to ask the tourist whether his
expectations have not been fully realized in every
respect, and even far exceeded. We feel satisfied an
affirmative answer is the only one that can be given to
such a question, for there can be no two opinions as to
the magnificence of the scenery brought before the
vision on a trip up the River Saguenay to Ha ! Ha !
Bay. Long descriptions of such scenery can convey but
little to the reader, and must be at the best very in-
adequate. The trip must be taken before the grandeur of
the Saguenay is to any extent understood and appre-
ciated.

Leaving Tadousac on the return journey, the steamer
again makes its way across the St: Lawrence to Riviere
du Loup for the convenience of Cacouna passengers.
Those desirous, by so arranging it, can here go ashore,
and take the train, by the Intercolonial Railway, to
Quebec. Having sailed down the river, this will prove
an interesting change, and bring them into Quebec

: speci-
e, were
e bald-
ig cliffs
le seals
: sport-
fishing
; to the

ertainly
1 North
ther his
ti every
jfied an
yiven to
ns as to
ore the
a! Ha!
ivey but
very in-
ndeurof
i appre-

steamer
> Riviere
ssengtTs.
3 ashore,
Iway, to
'ill prove
I Quebec

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 289

much earlier. Those remaining on the boat, will, if a
fine day, enjoy the sail, calling at Murray Bay, as on
the downward trip, and afterwards making straight for
Quebec. Those tourists taking the train at Riviere du
Loup can make connection at Point Levis, which is op-
posite Quebec, with trains for the White Mountains, on
the Grand Trunk Railway, which we next intend
visiting with them. Those who still keep to
the boat, on arrival at Quebec, will probably prefer
lying over a day, for rest, before proceeding on their
journey.

From Point Levis there is not much to be seen, and
we, therefore, advise our travellers, as soon as possible
after getting on the train, to get a sleeping berth, have
a good night's rest, and be in good trim on reaching the
White Mountains. At Richmond Station, which is the
junction with the main line of the Grand Trunk Rail-
way, our tourist can have a comfortable meal.

Twenty-five miles from Richmond is the flourishing
manufacturing town of Sherbrooke. Here tourists going
via the Passumpsic River R. R. will change cars.

Sherbrooke is an incorporated town, the capital of the
County of Sherbrooke, on both sides of the river
Magog, and on the Grand Trunk, Passumpsic, and
Quebec Central railways, loi miles east of Montreal.

It contains the head office of the Eastern Township
Bank, the chief office in Canada of the British American
Land Company, several insurance agencies, churches of
five or six denominations, an academy, many stores,
and manufactories of woollen and cotton cloths, flannels,
iron castings, machinery, axes, pails, etc. ; also saw
19

290 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

mills, breweries, etc. Population about 10,000. Tour-
ists taking the Passumpsic River Railway will, at New-
port, connect with the South Eastern Railway for
Montreal,

Continuing our tour via Grand Trunk we will, in
about in seven hours, find ourselves, after a very pretty
ride through a mountainous country, at Gorham, and
on landing will find coaches in readiness to take us to

. Tour-
at New-
way for

^ll-Round Route and Panoramic Gtiide. 291

the Glen House, eight miles distant. There are numerous
drives around Gorham, which are all exceedingly
pretty. It is a point from which the beauty of the
range of Mount Moriah, Carter, and the Imp may be
viewed to the best advantage.

The first desire of the tourist when he arrives at Gor-
ham IS to learn how to reach readily the celebrated
Mount Washington. Taking his seat in the coach
Jie soon feaches the

will, in
y pretty
im, and
ke us to

GLEN HOUSE,

which occupies a picturesque location in the valley of
the Peabody River, at the base of Mount Washington.
Its position m this vast arch of nature is at once strfkinB
and interesting to the tired traveller, who, drawing
nearer the spot, finds an atmosphere of hospitality surt
roundmg the house, life and bustle at its entrance
a noticeable contrast to its isolation, and a pleasant wel-
come after a long day's journey. The management is
still in the hands ol Messrs. W. & C. R. Milliken, also
proprietors of the Alpine House, another favorite place '
of resort in the midst of superb scenery; and it is scarce-
y necessary to add that these houses are as well
kept as any in the mountains, and everything is done
to ensure the comfort and enjoyment of guests.

A piazza extends the entire length of the house, and
commands extensive views of Mount Washington
Jefferson, Adams, Madisor. the head of Tuckerman's
Ravine, and the Carter Range, all of which maybe con-
sidered unrivalled among the many sublime aspects of
the far-famed New Hampshire Hills. The grandeur of

lf' (I

•>

'":3

.'*.■;.,

'fi' )

V*' ,'|

I II
t I

292 Ail-Round Routf and Panoramic Guide.

this spectacle is a constant and unfailing source of
delight to all lovers of mountain scenery.

Stages connect here with the Grand Trunk Rail-
way at Gorham, 8 miles; Portland and Ogdensburg
Railway at Glen Station, N. H., 15 miles; Eastern
Railway at N. Conway, 20 miles; and Mount Wash-
ington Railway, at summit of Mount Washington, 8
miles.

ASCENT OF MOUNT WASHINGTON."

The carriage road, a triumph of engineering skill, was
opened in 1861. The carriage grade is 12 feet in 100,
So beautifully constructed is the road that no more dis-
comfort is experienced than in the same amount of
riding upon any other road. During the first four miles
the road winds among the forest trees until we reach
" the Ledge," where the road emerges from the forest
and the beauties of the ascent behind. From this point
the road winds along the verge of a deep ravine, be-
tween Mounts Washington, Clay and Jefferson. Passing
onward we have a most charming view of the Saco
Valley. The path now rises on a series of plateaux, and
ascending the last part of the steep cone we stand upon
the summit. What a magnificent prospect ! A horizon
of nearly 600 miles bounds the prospect, and the moun-
tain peaks stand on every side as sentinels. Formerly
there were two hotels on the summit. These have been
united under one management, and are known as the
Mount Washington Hotel. To enjoy the mountain
scenery it is advisable to remain over night, and, if it b
clear, the gratification will be complete. The sunset
is magnificent beyond description. As the sun sinks in

All.Row,d Route and Panoramic Guide. 293
te7^fa:::.\S;^^^°^'''^'"-"-'" enlarge, and e..

ofoccanis now distinctly visible The vv! ^^

pond, and brook, till it seems as thou.heIcf,i!,e\,
of water was blanketed and tucked h, be, a h st"'

pose, boon the Great Gu f— the deen r^^nr ^

side— i^ fillr.ri -^u '"^ °<^<^Piavines on either

till an the hollows J full o the bl tT""'.^"
su.o„„di„g summits peet out, liftm; th "" heads ab I

c OSS toVr^r. '' ^^'^"^ ^^ *°"^'" °- »"'^ ':;

aaossto Clay, Jefferson, Adams and Madison upon this
broad platform of mist ShnnlH ti,.- u "" "P°" '"'■''
before sunset , ' phenomenon occur

^esc-ba;rCutirr^Lr:;i; fr '■^'"-

b.n-,^hed gold had been Cw'n ^IcL'^-rde;;
cnasms from mountain fr.rv f^ . • P

i-u ) "'"unrain top to mountain top. Throno-h

nuS tie t ' T "■''''-' '"' ^'"f''"/-enet cot
tmue ,11 the hour of ret,ring comes. At early dawn the
traveller ,s aroused to witness the reverse of the Zure

P irom the sea, the g,-eat pyramid of shadow begin-

294 All-Round Route and Tanoramic Guide.

ning in the west gradually contracts, the little cloud
blankets rise from the lakes and float away into the
upper air, and the sun, "as a bridegroom coming out of
his chamber, " clothed in light, " rejoiceth as a strong
man to run a race "

There are many other pleasant trips to be made from
the Glen House, one being a ride to the Imp, passing^

; ''il

l*^ , ' '!

EMERALD TOOL.

the Garnet Pools, where the rocks for some distance are
curiously worn and polished by the action of the water.
Next are the Thompson Falls, a series of delightful
cascades and water slides. We then reach the Emerald

ie,

tie cloud
into the

ng out of
a strong

ade from
, passing^

ance are
le water,
elightful
Emerald

All.Rou„d Route aud Pa„ommic Guide. ^j

Pool, n beautiful spot, the theme of many i noef
and a subject for the artist's peneii A fn ' ^ '°"?,'
tumbling among rocks here the pool ^^'" ^°'''''^ '-""d
basin, where restin. itse f fo f i T- '" '° '"' ^"''^'
emerges to recommencrit': t^sl: ^^r' '' '^^^
I-our m.Ios from the hotel is situated th!

CLEN ELLIS FALLS,
" ""ri"^"-"^ which falls from a great height intoa

oT,oll I- . , ^'LEN ELLIS FALLS.

slialiow basm below ThfQ f^ii •

-^iyrepa,3thetimeo?c;it;irrhi-r''^"
We next visit the ^

■"i^i

296 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

.'k

CRYSTAL CASCADE,

about c'lc mile from the (^ic ^ Kllis Falls. Its descent
is about eighty feet. At Gkii Ellis the whole stream
pitches in one tide, but here the water is spread to the
utmost, and the appearance of the cascade has been

CRYSTAL CASCADE.

Ihl^a.^-i2^

compared to an " inverted liquid plume, " a very happy
simile.

TUCKERMAN'S RAVINE

is a tremendous gulf on the south side of Mount Wash-
ington. It has been called the Mountain Coliseum, and

iii?:

All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 297

it is hard to realize the jrrandeur of
presented.

the scenery here

ens-

connect w^h th. trains of the Portland and (>d
burg R R. ,, oien Station. On leaving th Glen
Hpuse the road lies towards the south. Pasring onw d

tm,l

we enter

298 All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide,

♦f

PINKIIAM NOTCH,

passing throiigli which vvc speedily reach Jackson. A
mile beyond this are the Goodrich Falls, the largest per-
pendicular fall to be seen among the mountains. Soon
after leaving the falls we reach Glen Station, where we
take the cars. As we proceed up the Saco Valley we
have before us to the left the three peaks of" Tremont,"
and directly behind we seethe noble form of old Kear-
sage. At last

v^%

\'\

CRAWFORD NOTCH

bursts upon our view, and looking up the gorge we
have Mount Webster on our right, Willey on the left,
with Mount Willard forming the centre of the picture.

No traveler through the mountains should miss the
view from Mount Willard. The summit is reached
from the Crawford House by the carriage road, a dis-
tance of a mile and a half. The view is one of the most
surprising in the mountains. The valley and the Saco
River are nearly twenty-five hundred feet below. The
view is grand in the extreme, and here at one glance
can be seen a greater part of the White Mountain Notch.
The best time to see it is two or three hours before sun-
set, when the lengthening shadows are creeping down the
western side of the Notch, and begin to extend up the
sloping sides of Mount Webster. This view is in some
respects more beautiful and startling than any seen
from Mount Washington.

Descending into the Notch, a short distance brings us
to a point where stands the Willey House, at an eleva-
tion of two thousand feet, made famous by the slide of

AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 299

August 28th, ,826, when the face of Mount Willcy slid
mto he Notch below, and in which the entir Wil y
fan>,ly perished. No one can visit the old hous^ he
rock ,n ,ts rear which parted the slide, and the spot
where the remains of some of the victims were found
.mhout sharin, the feelings of those who wenT h, I^^ct'

The road now winds up a narrow ravine for about

*::;:":;; "-" -■^ .""-^ '-^ ^-'-^"^ '~-d i^

darkthic T" '-^ °'"' °' ^"°°'"^ »™-'™- With
da k th.ck walls, 2,000 feet high on either hand, we

feel our own nothingness, and a feeling of relief i, e7

per,enced when we emerge fron, the defile, and bu;

.. short d, stance before us the Crawford House a

^rge new edifice, very commodious and agreeable

No more ple.asing landscape can be found tiran tha^

t a id litt," IT : '"''■' ^'■'•'"'•'- ^ "■'''^ '-™ ■■•"d

the eve I ' ( ,"""' "' '"' ^'"'- -"'^ "'"l"
the eye I.eyond ,s the Notch, with Mount Webster

on the left a„<l Mount Willard on the right A more

qmetand restful view is not had in any Vlace Here

he care^of life .reforgotten and the old^row you, ; n

Ind mini '! '""^.°^"''"S and stin.ulates the body

and mmd o greater activity. The hotel is lighted with

ed notice of all the points of interest encircling this sDot
A visit to Mount Willard will certainly be made The
ascent IS very easy and pleasant, while the view fr'om the
summit affords more pleasure than far more lofty p'aks

v.s.t. In the Notch are many points of interest. The

v^\

'^^•J>

m'lx

300 ^ All-Round Route and- Panoramic Guide.

Flume, three-quarters of a mile from the hotel, derives
Its name from the narrow and deep ravine through which
the waters of a mountain stream ru,h with grelt rapid-
'ty. Silver Cascade, a short walk below the entrar^-f-
of the Notch and Ripley Falls, six miles below the
Crawford House, are well worth seeing, especially in
time of high water. The great feat, however, will
be the ascent of Mount Washington, distant about
nine miles from the hotel. There are special at-
tractions in the old bridle path, which to many surpass
those of .fcage or railway travel, therefore it is not to be
wondered Lt that so many ascend by this route. We
first scale Mount Clinton, 4,200 feet, from the summit
of which a noble view is obtained. We now descend to
the ridge which joins Clinton to Mount Pleasant, and
and taking the path around the southern side of the
mountain, we come to a plain lying at the foot of Mount
Franklin, which we ascend, and the view is extremely
grand. Passing Mount Monroe, several hundred feet
below the summit, and winding around it, we gain our
first view of Mount Washington, wl-'ch we ascend by
the south-western side. The view 1.0m the summit we
have already described. From our lofty position we
shall descend by the Mount Washington Railway.

This road was commenced in 1866, and the success
which has attended the enterprise has been very marked.
Few people now visit the mountains without making
the journey on the way at least by rail. The descent to
the terminus is 2,625 feet, the terminus being 2,668 feet
above the water. The greatest grade is 1,980 feet to
the mile. The road is most substantially built, and,

AlURouud Route and Fa,u,ra,nic Guide. 301
besides ihe usual rails, there is a centre rail nf n ,•
construction, to receive the motive power Tv""
sists of two bars of iron with croTs n^Z '°"-

inches, and a centre cog-wCel TleC "^''^ '""^
into this rail '^ locomotive plays

The locomotive a« ■> fi„t

has the appearand of bdn'trt: n,' "' ^^ """"'■
as it commence, th„ ^ ^ '^" °™''- ^s soon

being ,i^e:Tul:::::Ti:T''-r''' "■^^'^"^

driving wheel is trear^H . """^"■'" ^"'■°"- The

B .s geared ;nto a smaller wheel, which con-

f*f

I'i f ■• . 1

,1 :l

302 All-Round Route and. Panoramic Guide,

nects directly with the crank. Four revolutions of the
engine are required to make one of the driving wheels,
thus sacrificing speed to power. The engine is not con-
nected with the car, but simply pushes the car up the
track. On the return it allows the car to follow it down
at a slow rate of speed.

To protect the train from accident, a wrought-iron
dog constantly plays into notches on the driving wheel
so that if any part of the machinerj'- gives way, the
train is arrested where it is. There are also the usual
friction brakes, and in addition, atmospheric brakes on
each side of the car. These last alone are sufficient to
stop the car and hold it i any position.

The cars are comfortaL',- and easy, and the trip is
made without danger or fatigue. The cars are provided
with seats placed at an angle, which brings them nearly
on a level on the ascent. They all face down the moun-
tains. There is, however, an aisle in the car, and platforms
at each end, so that views may be had from all direc-
tions.

Having reached the lower terminus of the railroad
we proceed by rail to the Fabyan House, or Crawford
House, at either of which points we may, if desirable,
take the Portland and Ogdensburg Railway to North
Conway, and Portland, or Boston. Visitors at the moun-
tains, in whose itinerary the " Portland and; Ogdensburg"
may not have been included, will find trains convenient-
ly arranged for excursions from the Crawford or
P'abyan Houses, through the celebrated White Moun-
tain Notch, to North Conway and back, or to the
cool and bracing airs and numerous attractions of Port-

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 303
land and the sea-shore resnrfc ;« .-f • • •
place we ru„, descHbl r S^lnVrtf '" -°*-
We now propose starting on a tour from the terminus

reach thf^ ''a" °"''' ' '"^ "^"''°"^'' -^ speedfl ■
reach the lower Ammonoosuc Falls, a singularly beau
t.ful and attractive cascade. Having rested we mL

s::;? M °" ■"°""'^'" '^^^'" -^ "ho™;x

leaving the hotel, we cross the Ammonoosur RrM \

aTcttf "''^'^°^ '^^""^'^'^'"- ^P~coSS
attraction for persons spending a few ;veeks in this redon

Pursumg our onward course we ascend a high h ,?I'

S ^'^'T"^'^"^ - have the whole of'the F anco
ma Ridge before us, while to the risrht is H,„ M !?
wUh its dark opening. Descending thfhiH an " g
the valley, we begin the ascent of the Notch, and thread
«g our way along its ravines, we reach the

TWIN MOUNTAIN HOUSE,
Which stands on a plateau which overlooks the An,
monoosuc River, within five miles of the Fabya Hou"
and ,s surrounded by some of the finest scenery 1.?^'
mountain region. The view from the pi 1"L h
observatory ,s unsurpassed for beauty and grandeur
The great mountain summits are seen on either haTd
On the south are Lafayette, Haystack and the Twj f
On the east is the entire White Mountain range Zn
Mount Washington to Mount Webster, the latter form
mg one side of the celebrated White Mounta „;:,""
Th.s ,s the centre of a great basin, and more mountlt
summits can be seen from this hotel than any oTh"
the mountan,s. The great wall of living g Jen w^ h

■P. 1

;rf

304 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide.

rises across the Ammonoosuc and in front of the house
is a pleasing object for the eye to rest upon, while the
ever-flowing river which winds below, over rapids and
through beautiful meadows, makes sweet music to the ear.

The Hotel Prospect is situated on the summit of Mount
Prospect, which is the Symmetrical Mountain, standing
in the Valley between Lancaster on the north, Jefferson^
Whitefield and Bethlehem on the south, and in full view
from each of these favorite resorts. It is 2090 feet above
tide water, and 1240 feet above Lancaster Village.
From the House a perfect view is had of the White,
Fiunconia and Green Mountain Ranges and Pilot
Heights, the Connecticut River Valley for many miles,
and the country surrounding. This House has been
open since the last season and is very perfect in all its
appointments. An excellent Carriage Road leads to
Lancaster Station, three miles distant. Telephone con-
nection is had with Telegraph, Express and Post Offices
at Lancaster, and the drives from this point to any of
the surrounding Summer Resorts are of the most
delightful character. No place in the Mountain Region
offers such a charming variety of Views as this ' otel,
which affords guests all the conveniences and comforts
of Boarding Houses less desirably situated, and at
reasonable rates.

This hotel is located near the picturesque village of
Lancaster, on the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad,
only seven hours' ride from Boston or Montreal, five
hours' ride from Portland, over the Grand Trunk Rail-
way, or through the celebrated notch of the White Hills
by the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad. Tourists
leaving Boston on the Eastern Railroad, connecting at

I ;

A!l-R„md Route and Panoramic Guide. 305

I'pleasuTof "f T ^- * °- ^- ^■' -"' -'» enjoy

IrriwlTri °"^" *i-^''»'"°"» mountain pL

^ arriving at Lancaster in season for early tea ^

I he view from Mount Prosnprf ;= „„ r\, ,

r:i-r;:.;:£ ESS-""

Lancaster is the shire town of Coo. r. T .
agricultura,, .echanicai and pls'll, 1°^.::^";:
section of the State largely center here. Therrlrelood
physicians and apothecaries in the villaee TNTtf t
Bank, and the EpiscDmran, r ^ National

tarian.: M,.i. ^.':P'^'^^P-^''a"s, Congregationalists, Uni-
tar ans, Methodists and Catholics all hold regular s;rvice^
at their respective churches. service*

Profile House.
. This favoritesummer resort, situated nineteen hundred
and seventy-two feet above tide-water, has longbern
known and appreciated by thousands of sumZ vL"
tors. Its ocation is well described by the Rev d;"
Prime ; "A plain of a few cleared acres in l^Zl
gorge that admits the passage of a nar^J a^way
mountains two thousand feet hi<,h rising- aim.! ^'
pendicularly on each side, with two ^1 ,kef ,f "
underthe hills and skirte. with forests, has'been 2 sen'

retreat from the ^^^^!.^^:^^^Z:-^l^
It .s never hot at the Profile House." The ampll'

■4

3o6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

grounds, commanding wide and beautiful views, are
crowded during the pleasure season with a happy com-
pany, gathered from all parts of the land, who find here
that cleanliness and attention, with that ample and sub-
stantial profusion of viands which mountain air and
exercise make, more thsn elsewhere, a necessit) ,

The parlor and dinfaag hall are spacious and elegant
(about 130 by 50 feet area), and the whole building is
lighted with gas. ITie telegraph runs to this point,
and the man of business nny receive his mails with
regularity, and send his commands along the wires,
while he gathers strength in the mountain air, and mar-
vels among the mysl cries of the hills. Many improve-
ments are yearly made. The furnishing is elegant and
complete, and the location superior.

^i- • --'I

Tin: Flumk House.

This new hotel, five miks from the Profile House,
and under the same management, is pleasantly located
at the southern extremity of the PVanconia Notch. To
the north can be seen the most prominent mountains of
the range, Lafayette, the two Haystacks and Mount
Liberty, while the beautiful valley of the Pemigewasset
stretches to the south. It is first-class in all its appoint-
ments, and is open from June i to November i.

HOW TO REACH THE PROFH.E HOUSE.

All rail and through in the day from Boston, New-
port, New York, Saratoga, Lake George, Montreal, Que-
bec, Portland, etc., via Profile and Franconia Notch

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 307

ews, are
)py corn-
find here
and sub-

\ air and

ty.

d elegant
uilding is
lis point,
lails with
he wires,
and mar-
improve-
.'gant and

R, R., from Bethlehem Junction, or by daily stages via
Flume House to terminus of Pemigewasset Valley, R. R.

le House,
;ly located
otch. To
untains of
id Mount
ligewasset
s appoint-
I.

jton, New-
Teal, Que-
lia Notch

at North Woodstock, ten miles distant, thence by rail
to Boston, New York, and all points.

FRANCONIA NOTCH,
in which the Profile House is situated, is a pass about

1 ii>^

ti»i

fll

308 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

five miles in extent, between Wesark, Lafayette and
Mount Cannon.

The Franconia hills, with their beautiful scenery, are
the theme of admiration to the tourist. Their grandeur
is not overpowering, as at the White Mountains,
but, for quiet beauty and repose, the Notch cannot be
excelled.

The Franconia House is beautifully situated, and is
the nearest House to the Profile. It is a new House
and is under the management of D. H. Howland, an
experienced hotel man. The House is most comfortable,
and everything is done to make the guests at home.

Near the Profile House, northward, a short distance, lies

V "

ECHO LAKE,

a clear, limpid s^'eet of water, two hundred rods from
the Profile Hou of great depth and transparency,
encircled by rare .. enery. Here are the centres of the
most marvellous echoes; the human voice will be
echoed distinctly several times, while the report of a gun
breaks upon the rocks like the roar of artillery. The
Indians believed that these echoes were the voice of
the Great Spirit.

Our space forbids lengthy notices of all the points of
interest in this vicinity. We shall therefore, merely
name the more prominent.

Eagle Cliff, a magnificent, bold, promontory, almost
overhangs the hotel ; but the sight of sights is the cele-
brated Profile, or Cannon Mountain, directly opposite
the cliff. It derives the latter name from a group of

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 309

mighty rocks upon its summit, which viewed from the
hotel, looks like a mounted cannon. The former name,
however, is its most familiar title.

The most attractive point of interest is the Old Man
of the Mountain, or the Great Stone Face, which hangs

ECHO LAKE.

upon one of the highest cliffs, twelve hundred feet above
Profile Lake— a piece of sculpture older than the
Sphinx. This strange apparition, so admirably coun-
terfeiting the human face, is eighty feet long from the
chin to the top of the forehead, and is formed of three
distinct masses of rock, one making the forehead,
another the nose and upper lip, and a third the chin.

i^'-v

,. •■Ill

mBi-''^.'

310 All-Ronnd Ruitc and Panoramic Guide.

The rocks arc brought into the proper relation to from
tlje profile at one point only, namely upon the road
through the Notch, a quarter of a mile south of the
Profile House. The face is boldly and clearly relieved
against the sky, and, except, in a little sentiment

THE I'ROFU.K.

of weakness about the mouth, has the air of a stern,
strong character, well able to bear, as, he has done un-
flinchingly for centuries, the scorching suns of summer
and the tempest-blasts of winter. Passing down the
road a little way, the " Old Man " is transformed into a
" toothless old woman in a mob cap ; " and soon after
melts into thin air, and is seen no more. Hawthorne

I \;-c;.-<\.t

*\,

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 1 1

has found in this scene the theme of one of the plcasant-
cst of his "Twice-told Tales." that called "The Great
Stone Fac'-." It is within one hundred rods of the
Profile House, and is unciuestionably. the most remark-
able natural curiosity in this country, if not in the
world.

SILVER CASCADE.

Immediately below the Face nestles the beautiful
sheet of water known as Profile Lake, or, The Old Man s
Mirror It is one of the gems of mountain pictures.
The finest trout live in the waters. At the Trout House
a short distance below the lake, can be seen several
hundreds of these speckled beauties.

IMAGE EVALUATiON
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

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JACKSON, N. H.

Mn,r-°^** !"°" P'^^'-^q-e towns in the White
Mountains, at the junction of the Glen and T J
road, three n,i,es fro.. Glen Stat on on he Ported
an Ogdensburg Railroad, where coaches fro^ the Gl „
i-Ihs House connect with all trains. The hotel is st!n

aTd ; /ur"^^"^""'^-''-''"""^^-''-^^^^^^^^^
ctsZlrn;^^ "^"^^^^ '- '^^"^' ^- '' afirst^

This is one of the healthiest locations in the whole

a^trrs^'r r:r -r™"' ^'' -'-'

Weliness and pictures.uen^rU th:;:^^ ^I
hotel .s ga,ned a fine view of the surrounding Mountains
Facng the south you see Moat Mountain risinrath
height of 3,.CK> feet. Thorn Mountain and th" rjl^

dhl°d"" r :" "" '^'- ^"^ "™ "°^'^ p-^' of

the nearer . <=°"^P'C"ous objects in the northeast,
the nearer eminence being 3,000 feet high and the
farther one a hundred feet higher wlh' r

seen ir^ "' ^°°'^"'^ 1"^"^. "'here can be

taTs. "'"' Prependicular fall among the moun!

-ndtfultofjath'tf V'"'' '^^^"' ^--''^ -'<^ «-

through Tucklmts V """"." f ^'^ ^-''-g'""
but a few 1^ T '"^ '""^ *= Snow y^rchare

notUSkhtVo^' "°" '"^ ''°-^ ''>-^'' '-'^

A!l.Ro„„d Ro,Ue aud Pauoramic Guide. 3 , 3

tain cascade. The Ba^n fi'? T' """""^"^ "'°""-
is a remarkable spot p"''"""""^ ""^ Notch

«i«.duie spot, remigrewasset Rfv^r i,-, u
worn curious cavities in the ro^ck. The b I tl ^
in diameter. It is nearly circular anH h T ^^ ^^^
worn to its present shap^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^
and round in the currenf J ^.^''^'''S of rocks round
the current. Here, just below the Basin is

THE FLUME, *

one of the most famous of nil fi. u

The Lafayette HouTe is.- l ed nertl"'^- 7"''''-
mountain viUao-e of Fran. ^ Picturesque

and the famous^L:LorZr ^Tt f ""^I '^''''''''
some of the grande^f T '" ""^ '"''^^t of

scenery i„ LfEnttd r^f '"""'""' '"°""'--"

toalip^Iacesofspeluntre^lTe'r " '^"''"''"'
The Flume, Echo Lake FroLV^ufT" ''"'"■
of Mt. Agassi, are within a„asv ride . ''j ™'""""

-ernoon^ ^^.rdrir I^, ^r^ T '"j

n^V^antrmt'eT^" ^'^^ '^-'-' -^
streams-the AmmoCs^c t^:' ^ ^7"" '"°""'^'■"
waters, their wooded banks Ih ^"'"-"""^ ">->
aifordinff a cool ;,nri .^ sequestered nooks

and arbors hav been tlZ"', l''''^' ^"^"^ -'-"^

lofty trees, and here beidTttr"' "" ^""'^ °'
in perfect safety can find '''' "^ "■"'^^■'' '^'"■''''•^•"

christened T" Wle^'d . "Z T '''''^''''- ^^ ''"^

nished with sped I Id I " " '"'" '''"'^ '"'■

peciat regard to summer boarders. The

3 1 4 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Gvide.

fe, 5 :

apartments are arranged singly, or in suites for families.
The parlor and dining rooms are pleasant, and are made
cheerful in the cool evenings by open fire places. A
wide piazza extends around the house.

Leaving the road, just below the basin, we turn to the
left among the hills, and, after a tramp of a mile, reach a
large granite ledge, lOO feet high, and about 30 feet
wicjjj, over which a small stream makes its varied way.
Near the top of this ledge we approach the ravine known
as the Flume. The rocky walls here are 50 feet in
height, and not more than 20 feet apart. Through this
grand fissure runs the little brook which we have just
seen. Except in seasons of freshets, the bed of the
stream is narrow enough to give the visitor dry passage
up the curious glen, which extends several hundred feet,
the walls approaching, near the upper extremity, to
within ten or eleven feet of each other. About midway,
a tremendous boulder, several tons in weight, hangs
suspended between the clifTs, where it has been caught
in its descent from the mountain above. A bridge^
dangerous for a timid step, has been sprung across the
ravine, near the top, by the falling of a forest tree. The
Cascade, below the Flume, is a continuous fall of more
than 600 feet, the descent being very gradual, and is
styled the

SILVER CASCADE, OR THE SECOND FLMUE.

The Pool, a wonderful excavation in the solid rock,
and the Georgiana, or Howard Falls, complete the lions
of this region.

If the tourist desire, he may continue his stage ride
to Plymouth, and return to New York or Boston, via

All-Rotmd Route a,,d Panoramic Guide. 3,5

Boston Concord, Montreal and White Mountain Rail-
road and its connections.

The Fabyan, a first-class house, is situated at the centre
Of the mountain railway system. AM the express trains

rI, i",r.""^ °*''' P^'^^^ ^^'^ "hich run between
Boston, Fall R.ver, Providence, Worcester, Springfield,
New York and the White Mountains, arrive and depart
from th,s place. All trains to the summit of Mount
Washmgton leave here, also.

LITTLETON, N. H.
Few Towns in New England, if any, possess greater
natura. attractions than Littleton, and from no point in
he mountains can so great a variety of beautiful,
romantic and magnificent views be obtained by a short
and pleasant ride or walk. It is on the B. C. & M R R
and the cars arrive here in the afternoon and evening'
.-endenng ,t a convenient resting-place for the night, as'
all can just as well have a comfortable night's sleep
as to be hurried to the hills, through tickets being

IffI

tw .

*5l

■s

vl i|.

316 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

good for the next day. It is much better to wait
until morning before going to the mountains, as the
chance for obtaining good rooms at the mountain
hotels is altogether better than at night. This is an
important fact, and travelers should bear it in mind.
Thayer's Hotel is a very comfortable and popular
House and is as pleasant a resort for summer tourists as
can be found in the region of the White Mountains.
This House located in the central part of the village,
with delightful surroundings, possesses the peculiarly
HOME-LIKE character so desirable to those who wish to
sojourn for a time among the magnificent mountains
and charming scenery of the White Mountains.

The Oak Hill House

is one that we can recommend to the tourist. Being
situated on a high elevation and some distance from the
highway, the house is free from dust and commands one
of the most magnificent mountain views in Northern
New Hampshire. The hotel on the summit of Mount
Washington and Mossilauk and all the mountains be-
tween the two are plainly seen from the house. The
situation is admirably suited to persons troubled with
hay fever and kindred complaints. The House is supplied
with all modern conveniences and everything necessary
to the comfort of guests. A large number of rooms
can be warmed by wood fires, thus making it a desirable
place to spend the autumn months and see the moun-
tains clad in their varied hues. Messrs. Farr and Jarvis
are experienced, attentive hosts, ever on the alert to
minister to the wants and comfort of their guests.

Having thus briefly described all the principal points

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 31/

of interest in and about the " Switzerland of America,"
we shall exercise the liberty given to " Knights of the
Quill," and shall imagine ourselves at once transported
over the mountain peaks to our starting point at
Gorham.

Leaving the White Mountains with all their varied
attractions, we at once take our seat in the train and
proceed to Portland. We find ourselves whizzing along
through a magnificent mountainous country, which
probably excels anything of its kind in America, and we
recommend a good looK-out being kept during the
journey, for the scenery cannot fail to please. On
arrival at Danville Junction those desirous have time
to obtain refreshment, and persons who are accustomed
to travel know that it is just as well to take good care of
the inner man, so as to be securely fortified against the
fatigue that always, more or less, attends long journeys.

After leaving Danville Junction, nothing of note is

seen until a short distance off Portland, when we come

in sight of the Atlantic, and feel the sense of pleasure

which is experienced on getting near home after a long

absence. Arriving at Portland, the principal city of

Maine, our tourist will feel virtually at home at the

City Hotel. It is situated near the business centre of

the city, and convenient to all the places of interest, and

is supplied with every convenience. The proprietors,

Messrs. J. W. Robinson & Son are courteous and

attentive, and leave nothing undone to contribute to the

comfort of their guests. It is a first-class hotel and a

great favorite with travelers. To those who have never

been in Portland, and can spare the necessary time, we

would say, spend a day or two there by all means. It

k «,

318 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

is one of the most pleasant and agreeable cities in the
Eastern States, with wide streets and avenues nicely
kept, well meriting its title, "The Forest City."

Portland it- handsomely situated on a peninsula
occupying the ridge and side of a high point of land, in
the south-west extremity of Casco Bay, and on
approaching it from the ocean, is seen to great advantage.
The harbour is one of the best on the Atlantic coast, the
anchorage being protected on every side by land, while
the water is deep, and communication with the ocean
direct and convenient. It is defended by Forts Preble,
Scammel, and Gorges, and dotted over with lovely
islands. These islands afford most delightful excursions,
and are among the great attractions of the vicinity.
On the most elevated point of the peninsula is an
observatory, 70 feet in height, commanding a fine view
of the city, harbor and islands in . the bay. The misty
forms of the White Mountains, 60 miles distant, are
discernible in clear weather. The original name of
Portland was Muchigonee. It was first settled by the
whites as an English colony in I632, just two centuries
before the charter of the present city was granted. On
the night of the 4th of July, 1866, a fire occurred which
swept away nearly one-half of the whole business
portion of the city. The entire district destroyed b^ the
fire has been since rebuilt, most of the stores and
dwelling houses having Mansard roofs, which give a
most picturesque and charming appearance to the city.

Portland is elegantly built, and the streets beautifully
shaded and embellished with trees, and so profusely,
that, before the fire, they were said to number no less
than 3,000. Congress Street, previous to the fire, the

' All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 3 19

main highway, follows the ridge of the peninsula through
its entire extent. Among the public buildings of
Portland, the City Hall, the Post-Office and some of the
churches are worthy of particular attention. The col-
lection of the Society of Natural History, organized in
1843, was totally destroyed by the fire, but has since
been erected again, and now comprises a fine cabinet,
containing specimens of the ornithology of the State,
more than 4,000 species of shells, and a rich collection
of mineralogical and geological specimens, and of fishes
and reptiles. The Library, incorporated in 1867, has a
collection of 10,000 volumes, and the Mercantile Library
possesses also many valuable books. The Marine Hos-
pital, erected in 1855, at the cost of $80,000, is an
imposing edifice. The canning and hermetically sealing
of meats, fish and vegetables is a modern invention of
quite recent origin, but as a means of preserving articles
otherwise perishable it is thoroughly efi'ective.

Among the earliest to embark in this enterprise was
the firm of Davis, Baxter & Co., known also as the
Portland Packing Co. This firm succeed Samuel
Rumery, who commenced operations in 1849, and was
the pioneer in the packing business.

The business was commenced before these goods
were generally known in the market, and from a small
beginning has grown to enormous proportions. The
Portland Packing Co. are the largest packers of canned
corn, lobsters and mackerel in the wo^ld ; their annual
product, which also includes other articles, such as roast
beef, mutton, soups, clams, beans, succotash and apples,
amounts to over ten million cans, which are consumed
in every part of the world, the most important foreign

!ti

ijM'i

»»»"1

^^1

I."**-

'ni'

- "X

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320 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide,

ports being London, Liverpool, Paris, Hamburg and
Stockholm. Their factories, twenty-six in number, arc
located at the following points, viz : — In Maine — at
Portland, Stroud water, Cumberland Mills, Gorham,
Sebago Lake, Naples, Fryeburg, Wells, Winthrop,
Monmouth, Prospect Harbor and Hammond's Cove.
In Nova Scotia, at Little River, Wood's Harbor, Upper
Harbor, Cape Sable, Bear Point, Shelburne, Chester,
Indian Harbor, Blue Rocks, Canso, White Haven and
Harbor Boucher; and in Newfoundland at Placentia.
In the busy season 3,500 hands are eqiployed, the
number never being less than 400 to 500.

Their goods which are the leading brands in the
market, command the highest prices, and have taken
awards at Paris 1867, American Institute, 1870;
Cordova, 1871 ; Vienna, 1873; Hamburg, 1874;
Centennial, 1876; Paris, 1878; Sydney, 1879; Berlin,
1880. They have their general offices at 305 Com-
mercial St., Portland, in a fine five storey building
which they have just built for that purpose. This
building is in close proximity to one of their factories
for canning meats and soups, and but a short distance
from another factory which has just been completed,
and in which they are canning a large quantity of
mackerel and clams. They keep a large amount of
goods in bond, having two large bonded warehouses
filled with goods for their export trade. A large product
is manufactured "so much more cheaply that dealers will
do well to send for a price list to Portland Packing Co.,
Portland, Maine.

Within the past few years water has been introduced
into the city from Sebago Lake.

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 321

In the vicinity are pleasant drives (notably the one to
Cape Elizabeth), and the islands in the harbor furnish
grounds for delightful water pic-nics and excursions.

In addition, Portland is one of the most healthy cities
in New England, which, taken in consideration with its
beautiful scenery, pleasant situation and prominent
location, and the near proximity to beaches and
mountain resorts, makes it one of the most attractive
of summer resorts in the country, and parties stopping
in Portland should remember that the United States
Hotel is next to the largest, and second to no hotel in
the city. This hotel has the most central and conve-
nient situation of any in the place, fronting, as it does.

UNrrED STATES HOTEL.

on Federal, Elm and Congress streets, the principal

streets in the city. The building is large and striking

in appearance, and will afford accomodation to hundreds

of guests. All the bedrooms are neat, airy, commodious,
21

I !

322 All-Routid Route and Panoramic Guide,

and newly furnished with furniture of the best material
and latest pattern, and all the modern conveniences and
improvements, as bath rooms, electric bell communication
etc., are supplied. Under the management of Mr. Will
H. McDonald, the present proprietor, who is so favorably
known to the public during a highly successful career
spent in catering for them, the house has attained a
degree of success, unprecedented in its history, and has
acquired a metropolitan fame with travellers. For a
first-class cuisine, courtesy, and attention we can heartily
recommend the " United States," and are convinced
that one days' sojourning with Mr. McDonald will have
the effectof ever afterwards attracting to the Hotel those
who .will for the first time have enjoyed his careful super-
vision.

THE PORTLAND STEAM PACKET CO.

is an old and favorite line between Boston and Portland,
organized in 1847, and has maintained its trips with per-
fect regularity. Leaving each port at 7 o'clock in the
evening (except Sundays), passengers are afiforded a
delightful view of the splendid harbors and approaches,
and obtain views of the cities which cannot otherwise
be enjoyed, and the scenery of the entire trip is among
the finest on the eastern coast. The passenger accom-
modations on these steamers are first-class in every
respect, — very large, roomy and comfortable, remarkable
for regularity, officered by skillful and capable men, long
in the business, wlio are always found gentlemanly and
courteous, " a very important feature," and as a line can
present a record surpassed by none, from the fact that
during the Company's existence several millions of

K]«il -'

\i 41

All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. 323

passengers have been carried without loss or injury to
a single person. It is now the most popular route
between Portland and Boston.

It has been affirmed by travellers that among the
finest scenery in the world is that which is visible from
the Observatory in Portland. A most enchanting pros-
pect is presented by sea and land, of which the city
froms the central object, and, the White Mountains, with
the broad Atlantic, mark the boundaries east and west.
All these combine to make Portland a place worthy of
the tourist's notice.

" The beautiful town that is seated by the sea."

Cape Elizabeth is a very favorite resort ; being but a
few miles out of the city, an afternoon cannot be better
passed than by taking a drive out there. Excursions
can also be made to the "Ocean House" and "Orchard
Beach," both of which are exceedingly pleasant. Then
there are the 36 islands, including " Cushing's," most of
which can be reached by ferry boat or yacht, and where
there are always to be found a great many visitors seek-
ing health and relaxation from business. At several of
these islands good hotels are to be found ; notably, at
the Bay View House, Peak's Island,

Forest City Steamboat Company.

The Pleasure Boats of this line will leave Custom
House Wharf every Hour, touching at Cushing's, White
Head, Jones's, Trefethen's and Evergreen Landing, after
which returning to the City. Pleasure seekers and
tourists can pass a pleasant hour or two by taking a sail
down the lovely harbor. Round Trip Tickets, 25c.

>■■■';/:■

32/1 AlLRound Route and Panoramic Guide.

MOUNT DESERT.

Mount desert island Hes on the cost of Maine, one
hundred and ten miles east of Portland, separated from
the main land by an arm of sea about seven hundred
feet wide. It has an area of about one hundred square
miles, '.icluding three towns— Tremont, Mt. Desert and
Eden. Its extreme length is about fourteen miles, and
breadth about eight.

At no other place on the Atlantic coast is th-re such
a combination of mountain and sea-shore ; and it has
become one of the most fashionable seaside resorts on
this continent. It is n.ached by the Portland, Bangor,
Machias and Mount Desert Steamboat Co'y from Port-
land. 1

A writer thus speaks of it:— "No other Island
within the reach of the Saratoga trunk lias such an
affluence of grand scenery. Infinite variety appears on
every side, and there is hardly a phase of nature that is
not exemplified. There aie thirteen mountain peaks
here, on one side sloping into placid lakes of fresh water,
and on the other repelling the unceasing attacks of the
ocean's surf from their cliffs of time-stamed rock. The
deep salt water of Somes Sound penetrates the island
for seven miles, overshadowed by ponderous mountains.
Within an hour one can pass from secluded and silent
tarns and shadowy and wind-less glens, to broad and
rocky strands, along which the white breakers dash
with deep and ceaseless music."

PORTL.^r D AND OGDENSBURG RAILROAD.
This road offers superior attractions to pleasure-
seekers, and no one visiting Portland or White Moun-

H^-iski i .

AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 325

tains should fail to make a frip to some of its favorite
resorts. The road is now completed through the famous
^' White Mountain, or Crawford Notch," and running by
the Crawford and Fabyan Houses, ninety miles from
Portland, it furnishes a most attractive and e:<peditious
route to those points and the summit of Mount Wash-
ington. Atrinoverthe "Portland and Ogdensburg"
comprises in itself one of the grandest and most exciting
features of the entire White Mountain tour— the ride
through the "Notch.". The road is built upon the
mountain side, some hundreds of feet above the valley
and highway, and the uninterrupted view from the cars
reveals many interesting and extensive scenes, unknown-
to travellers by the old and now discontinued stage
route—at the same time retaining all the attractions of
that delightful ride through this remarkable pass. But
little more than three hours is necessary to efifect the
transition from the sea-coast to the very heart of the
mountains, and a day can be filled with constant pleasure
by a jaunt from Portland to

NORTH CC:;WAY, CRAWFORD'S OR FABYAN'S.
A few hours spent in visiting the natural attractions
of these resorts, and we return to Portland in the
evenmg. The route of the Portland and Ogdensburg
Railroad lies up the lovely valleys of the Passumpscot
and Saco Rivers, skirts for three miles the shores of
Sebago Lake and passes through the beautiful towns of
Hiram, Brownfield, Fryeburg, and Conway, with their
broad intervals flanked by lof.^y mountains, and jewelled
with the gleaming xvaters of winding stream and placid
lake. Landscapes of woodland, meadow and cultivated

' "il!

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, ll*

326 All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guid

tracts dotted with pleasant villages ; rivers with their
changing moods of gentle currents, hurrying rapids and
leaping waterfalls ; lakes and ponds of varying form and
size, mirroring in their depths the beauties of earth and
sky, and mountains of gradually increasing height from
the low eminence, crowned, perhaps with thrifty farms
or forest growth, to bald and rugged peaks towering
above the clouds, fill the view from the beginning to the
end of the journey. You can breakfast in Portland,
make the trip to the mountains without fatigue, dining
at the famous mountain hotels, and return to Portland
early same evening, or you can make the excursion
•according to the time at your disposal, of longer
duration by stopping over ac the many points of interest
en route, and resuming the journey at pleasure, as two
or more through trains are run daily during the summer
season.

It may be added that this route from Portland, up the
Saco Valley through Hiram, Fryeburg and Conway, and
so on to the mountain resorts, was a favorite in the early
days of White Mountain travel, before the swift and
commodious railroads from other directions had
supplanted the stage coach. It has been pronounced the
finest of all the approaches to the mountains, and now
that the trip this way can also be accomplished behind
the " Iron Horse," we may expect the route to regain
its old-time popularity, multiplied by the largely
increasing tide of visitors to the glorious " White Hills."

PORTLAND TO HARRISON, AND RETURN VIA SEBAGO.

Sebago Lake, situated seventeen miles from Portland,
forms part of a navigable water extending from the

M
Pk

O I ■•»l

^hite Hills."

lA SEBAGO.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 327

Lake Station on the P. & O. R. R., to Harrison, thirty-
four miles distant, and comprising the Lake, Songo
River and Long Pond, the two larger bodies being
connected by the Songo. The Lake is fourteen miles
long by eleven wide, in widest part, and its waters are
bounded by shores of varied form and attractiveness,
with fine views of the distant mountains. An hour's
sail brings us to the mouth of the Songo, whose channel
extends in serpentine windings six miles to overcome
the mile and a half interval, "as the crow flies,"
separating Sebago from Long Pond. The sail up this
beautiful stream is one of novel and exciting interest,
its narrow and tortuous course between low banks
thickly wooded to the water's edge, or relieved here
and there by small clearings and meadow lands ; the
lock at the head of the river through which the level
of the upper waters is gained, and the spirit of quiet
restfulness and retirement pervading all, being long
remembered by those fortunate enough to enjoy the
pleasures of this remarkable excursion. Passing out
of the river we enter Long Pond, which, including its
subdivisions, known as the "Bay of Naples," and
Chute's River, is fourteen miles long, and averages in
width about one and one half miles. The character
of its scenery differs from the surroundings of Sebago,
— the shores being more irregular in outline, and of
higher elevation at many points. The land adjoining
the Pond is dotted with many farms and villages —
Naples, Bridfiton, North Bridgton and Harriston being
places of considerable business, and noted as pleasant
summer resorts. Two steamers piy in summer over
these waters, making the round trip, daily, between

1-1

328 AL'- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Sebago Lake and Harrison, and connecting at the Lake
Station with trains of the Portland and Ogdensburg
Railroad. Parties can leave Portland in the morning,
make the trip to Harrison and back, thus enjoying a
fine inland water excursion of sixty-eight miles, and, on
return to the lake, take cars either for Portland or
North Conway and the m_ountains, arriving at destina-
tion early same evening.

Many other points of attraction are found in a trip
over the Portland and Ogdensburg, but our space will
not admit of their enumeration. We can only advise
all who have opportunity to become personally familiar
with, at least, some of the features of this inviting
pleasure route.

NORTH CONWAY,

on the line of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, a
favorite resort much frequented by artists and tourists,
lies just at the portal to the White Mountains, whose
snow-capped peaks form the back-ground for the most
delightful views. The village lies at the foot of the
grand old Kearsage Mountain. The principal hotel is
the Kearsage House, a well-kept house, much pat-
ronized. This house has been entirely reconstructed
recently, and now embraces 1 50 rooms for guests. A
fine plank walk is laid from the station to the hotel.
From this point the whole range of the White Mountains
is easily accessible.

LAKE SEBAGO,

meaning in Indian ** stretch of water," is in some places
four hundred feet deep, and is bounded by the towns of
Standish, Raymond, Casco, Naples and Set ago. The
Lake is traversed by two new and elegant side-wheel

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 329

steamers, the " Sebago " and the ** Mt. Pleasant," of
similar size and design. Each is about 87 ft. long by
24 ft. beam, and contains a promenade deck 72 ft. long.
Steaming up the Lake at the rate of fourteen knots an
hour, we pass on our right, Indian Island, with an area
of seventy-five acres ; little One Tree Island, with its
scraggy old stub surmounted with an eagle's nest ; and
soon approach, on our left, Frye's Island, with its
thousand acres of dense forest. Sailing up its eastern
shore, we enter the " Notch," a narrow neck of water
between the island arid Raymond Cape, five miles from
the Lake station. At this point the island, with its
rocky beach, green slope, primitive cottages, and wooded
back-ground, forms a pleasant picture, often enlivened
with the tents of camping-out sportsmen. Below, on our
right are the celebrated " Images." This curious mass
of Rock rises perpendicularly from the water nearly 70
feet, and then slopes, in jagged, fanciful shapes, to a
still further height of some 30 feet. The water at the
foot of the precipice is 85 feet deep. Here, too, is the
" Cave," which possesses a peculiar interest, from the
fact that it was a favorite boyhood haunt of Nathaniel
Hawthorne. It is a square aperture, four feet by six, in
the solid Rock, into which the great novelist was wont
to sail in his tiny fishing boat, which he could do to a
distance of 25 feet, and then clamber through a short
passage to the outer world.

On — still on — and we are now upon the broadest part
of the Lake. Flocks of white sea-gulls fly over our
heads, while an occasional loon or a bevy of ducks start
up in alarm at our approach, follow: _' by the shots of
sportsmen abroad. To the north-east, Rattlesnake

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330 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Mountain is seen, and in the same direction, near the
lake, is seen the early home of Hawthorne. The scenery
on the west is wilder and more rugged. Saddleback
Mountain, in Baldwin, is plainly visible, from which the
eye roams north-east, beyond the " Great Bay," over the
Sebago hills, and farms and forests. Still farther north
is Peake Mountain, beyond which the view extends
northward to Mount Kearsage, so blue and cold in the
hazy distance, while the White Mountains may be
distinctly seen on the western horizon.

Passing up the Songo and Long Lake we reach
Harrison village, the terminus of the steamer route. A
short ride by coach, or private conveyance, brings us to
the foot of

MOUNT PLEASANT.

The ascent to this is steep, especially as we near the
summit, which is 2,018 feet above the level of the sea.
Reaching this, our toils and restrained curiosity are amply
compensated by the magnificent view.

A horizon of three hundred miles bounds the prospect !
— a prospect in many respects the finest in New England.
Some fifty lakes and ponds may be distinctly seen from
the summit by the naked eye, and the view far surpasses
that offered from Mt Washington, being unobstructed
by clouds and neighboring mountains, and rich in all the
varied characteristics of the beautiful, the sublime, the
picturesque.

MAINE' STEAMSHIP COMPANY.

From Portland, two or three dififerent routes can be
chosen, according to the time and inclination of the
traveler. If desiring to go to New York direct, and

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 331

preferring a sea passage, the steamers of the Maine
Steamship Co. ply regularly, stopping at Martha's
Vineyard, and in fine weather this will be found an
exceedingly pleasant trip. The fine steamers, Eleanora
and Franconia, form a line leaving Franklin wharf,
Portland every Wednesday and Saturday, at 6.00
p. m., arriving at an early hour on Friday and
Monday mornings in New York , they are fitted
up with fine accommodation for passengers ; passage,
including state-room, $5, meals extra. We shall, how-
ever presume that the majority travelling intend to go
via Boston, and, if possible, rest a while in that fine city,
rather than hurry on at railroad speed, which cannot but
prove tiresome. Therefore to such there is the choice of
land or water carriage. The Portland Steam Packet
steamers, elegantly furnished, of thorough sea-going
qualities, leave Portland every evening except Sunday for
Boston, the passage occupying about ten hours ; by adopt-
ing this mode of conveyance, passengers are landed after
a complete night's rest, free from the weariness attending
a journey by railway. Those preferring the road can
take the train of the Easterji Railroad. A pleasant ride
of 56 miles, and we arrive at the fine city of

PORTSMOUTH,

New Hampshire. It is one of the oldest, most historic
and attractive spots on the coast of New England.
Within and around it are almost innumerable places and
objects of interest to the tourist. It is situated on the
westerly bank of the Piscataqua River, which separates
tho States of New Hampshire and Maine. It was the
residence of the Royal Governors in Colonial days, and

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232 All-Rotind Route and Panoratnic Guide,

was the first soil of New Hampshire trod by the English.
One of the interesting features of the city is the
" Governor Wentworth mansion," which was erected by
him in 1750. The United States navy-yard is located
here. Within a radius of ten miles there are many
charming places of resort accessible, both by land and
water. The ocean view is extensive and very fine. The
The " Isle of Shoals " is a group of picturesque isles :
with their quaint houses and numerous fleet of boats,
they are points of great attraction during the summer
season, and are seven miles distant from Portsmouth,
with steamers plying daily. The principal Hotel in
Portsmouth is the " Rockingham House," a comfortable
and well-kept hotel. It is built on the site of the former
residence of Governor Langdon, and is a great favorite
with the travelling public. Diverging from our direct
route to Boston, we take the train of the Concord and
Portsmouth Road, and a ride of fifty-nine miles brings
us to the capital of the State of New Hampshire.

CONCORD,

which contains many buildings of interest, built of the
celebrated Concord granite. One of the principal beau-
ties of Concord, which is situated on the west bank of
the Merrimac River, is the abundance of trees shading its
regularly laid out streets. It is a city of extensive trade,
celebrated for its carria'ge manufactories and the superior
quality and extent of its granite quarries. Returning to
Portsmouth we proceed on our journey, and in due time
arrive at Boston.

=ja

.i ii

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 333

Co.

PORTLAND TO BOSTON, BY SEA.

E purpose giving a brief notice of the many points
of interest along the coast between Portland
and Boston, travelling via Portland Steam-packet

The first important place is

CUSHING'S ISLAND,

three miles from the city, and containing about 300 acres.
It commands a magnificent ocean view, with fine beaches
for bathing. Ten miles from Portland is

OLD ORCHARD BEACH.

The beach is 9 miles long, hard and smooth. " More
carriages can drive abreast on this noble beach, than
could have been accommodated on the wide walls of
Babylon." It is much visited, and is annually increasing
in attractiveness ; we can recommend the Montreal
House here, as being quiet and comfortable. Three
miles further, and we reach

SACO,

ninety-five miles from Boston. It is a pleasant summer
resort with a fine beach, and affording excellent bathing
and fishing. Saco Pool, about five miles distant, is a
nature- wrought basin in the rock, connected with the sea
by a narrow passage about a quarter of a mile in length.
It is emptied and filled by each changing tide. Another
10 miles brings us to

KENNEBUNK,

principally noted for its ship building, carried on at the
mouth of the Kennebunk River.

I'"''

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i

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334 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

WELLS,

with its six miles of beautiful beach and its great induce-
ments to sportsmen, lies five miles beyond. This town is
rapidly increasing in population and trade.
Next is

BALL HEAD CLIFF,

rising abruptly from the sea to a height of about one
hundred feet. The highest point of the cliff is called the
*' Pulpit."

YORK BEACH,

about 14 miles from Wells, is one of the finest beaches on
the coast. At low tide it is over 500 feet in width.
" The drive along it is pleasant, the horses' hoofs striking
on the hard sand, making a fine accompaniment to the
dashing of the waves, which, in fine weather, come in with
a soft lulling sound, and \n storms, with a noise like
mighty thunder."

We now approach a low-lying group of islands, known
as the

ISLE OF SHOALS,

which derive their name from the ** shoaling of fish in
their vicinity in the proper season." These islands are
very bleak and desolate in appearance, being composed
of huge masses of granite bleached by exposure to the
sun, and worn by the action of the waves. They were
visited in 1614, by the celebrated Capt. J'^hn Smith, of
*' Pocahontas fame." The shoals at low water consist of
6 islands, increased to 18 when at high water. Appledore,
formerly known as Hog Island, is the largest. It is 75
feet high at its greatest elevation, and contains about 400
acres. On this a hotel has been erected. These islands

uxr

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 335

form a nice summer resort, and one usually well patron-
ized. Proceeding on our trip, we pass Fust's Point, and
also Portsmouth.

After Portsmouth we pass Shaw's Point, so named after
Hon. E. Shaw, of Manchester, N. H., thence onward to

RYE BEACH,

a very popular resort, at which are some of the finest
hotels at any of the New Hampshire beaches. The views
in this neighborhood are extensive and very fine.

Little Boar's Head, a promontory, 40 feet high and
projecting into the ocean, separates Rye Beach from

HAMPTON BEACH,

a fine hard beach, nearly 3 miles in extent, affording ex-
cellent drives, in which, at low tide, 18 or 20 teams may
drive side by side. Here are also the best facilities for
bathing and promenades. The drives in the vicinity are
unsurpassed, and boating parties are the order of each
day. The town of Hampton was first settled in 1638 by
English emigrants. This town has been remarkable for
its general health, and the long life of its inhabitants.
Next in order is

SALISBURY, MASS.,

which is on the Merrimac River. At this point, visitors
are directed to the birthplace of the mother of Daniel
Webster, also the ancient house where Caleb Cushing"
was born. Salisbury Beach is 6 miles long, but not so
firm as Rye and Hampton Beaches.

SEABROOK, N. H.,

is noted as a point where whale-boat building was largely
carried on, and is still an important place of industry.

'i^' \

M t

^'A-!

ii,Mk.

336

Ali-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

NEWnURYPORT, MASS.
is located on the Merrimac River, and is considered one
of the most beautiful cities in New England. It possesses
many singular attractions. One point of special interest
is the old church, the scene of Whitefield's labors, his
tomb, his monument, and other relics. Oak Hill Cemetery
is also worthy of a visit. The population is about 14,000,
or 15,000.

Beverly, Mass., is a town of some 7,000 inhabitants. It is
18 miles from Boston, and is connected by a bridge with

SALEM,
a town which, for historic interest, is not surpassed.
From this town have gone forth many men whose names
have become distinguished in the various walks of life*
Its scientific and literary institutions are very important
Next to Plymouth, Salem is the oldest town in New
England, having been first settled in 1626. The rides in
the vicinity are pleasant, and its proximity to the popular
watering-places makes it a point of much attraction.

SWAMPSCOTT
is the favorite resort of the wealth and fashion of Boston^
to which city it is as Long Branch is to New York. The
bathing is excellent, but the beaches are not so extensive
as at other points.

LYNN,
the headquarters of the shoe trade, is 1 1 miles from
Boston. It is beautifully situated on the N. E. shore of
Massachusetts Bay. Dungeon Rock is a spot frequently
visited, and High Rock, near the centre of the city,
affords a fine point nf view. Leaving this, a short ride
brings us to the end of o:.ir journey, and we land at the
wharves of the beau^iu ' citv of Boston.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 337

i,''i
(,*-

PORTLAND TO NKW YORK DIRFXT, via
RAIL AND LONG ISLAND SOUND.

HIS route ofifet.- special advantages to tourists, pass-
ing as it does through some of the finest cities and
towns in the Eastern States, and also affording an
opportunity of enjoying a sail along the beautiful Long
Island Sound.

Taking the Portland and Rochester road, we pass on
to Nashua, thence over the Worcester and Nashua Rail-
road to Worcester, there connecting with the Norwich
apd Worcester Road to Norv/ich, and onward to New
London, via New London and Northern Railroad. At
this point connection is made with the Norwich Line of
Steamers for New York. Those of our tourists who de-
cide upon this route can leave Portland daily (Sundays
excepted) in the afternoon, by the Steamboat Express with
Drawing-room car attached, and will arrive at New York
early next morning. This trip is made without any change
of cars between Portland and New London.

This train, also connecting at Putnam with the New
York and Philadelphia Express train, reaches Philadelphia
also early next a. m., and Washington about noon.

BOSTON

sa^

|S one of the most interesting of American cities, not

(|^ only on account of its thrilling traditionary and his-

"^^ torical associations, but for its public enterprise, and

its high social culture ; for its educational and literary

facilities ; for its numerous benevolent establishments ;

for its elegant public and private architecture, and for the

surpassing natural beauty of its suburban landscapes.
22

338 All-Rciind Route and Panoramic Guide.

( i

<■ M

111

The old city is built upon a peninsula of Lonie 700 acres,
very uneven in surface, and rising at three different points
into an eminence, one of which is 138 feet above the level
of the sea. The Indian name of this peninsula was
Shawmut, meaning " Living Fountain." It was called
by the earlier inhabitants Trimount or Tramount, which
latter name it still retains in one of its principal streets.
The name of Boston was bestowed on it in honor of the
Rev. John Cotton, who came there from Boston, in
England. The census of 1880 gives it a population of

364,938.

Boston Harbor is large, and contains numerous islands,

and in depth of water and availability is surpassed by

none on the coast.

At East Boston is the deepest water of the harbor, and
here the ocean steamers chiefly lie. East Boston is con-
nected by^ two ferries with the city proper.

The principal sights in and around Boston are Bunker
Hill Monument, Faneuil Hall, the Common, the Public
Garden, the State House, the Public Library, Old South
Church, famous for its historical associations, Athenaeum,
Natural History Buildings, Institute of Technology,
Mount Auburn, and Harvard University Buildings, the
Great Organ, the City Hospital, the City Hall, and other
public buildings.

The streets in the other portions of the city are irregu-
lar and generally narrow. Washington and Tremont
streets are the principal thoroughfares. The suburban
towns and villages "of Cambridge, Charlestown, Chelsea
and Brookline, are chiefly occupied as the residences of
Boston merchants. On the 9th of November, 1872, a
terrible conflagration swept away the principal business

ide.

I 700 acres,
;rent points
VQ the level
I insula was
was called
)unt, which
ipal streets.
3nor of the
Boston, in
)pulation of

ous islands,
rpassed by-
harbor, and
;ton is con-
are Bunker
the Public
Old South
Athenaeum,
fechnology,
ildings, the
11, and other

' are irregu-
d Tremont
e suburban
vn, Chelsea
isidences of
er, 1872, a
)al business

trK!Mi',IIM>iffln>'£,ll ''

■h,.
■ i

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9 VM

340 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

portion
evening,
engines
Sunday,
when it
that the

of Boston. The fire broke out on Saturday
and the flames gained fatal headway before the
arrived on the ground. Until nightfall of
the conflagration raged with unabated fury, and,
was finally brought under control, it was found
magnificent structures and accumulated wealth
L

OLD SOUTH CHURCH.

embraced in an area of 60 acres, in the most admired
and most valuable section of the city, had been burned
to the ground. Over 900 buildings — occupied by 2,000
firms — were consumed, and the losses reached the
enormous aggregate of between $75,000,000] and
$80,000,000. There was no loss of life, as in the Chicago

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 341

fire, and, few dwellings being burned, there was little of that
actual suffering which usually follows such catastrophes.

To the tourist the first matter of importance is to
secure a good hotel. If he wish to be comfortably quar-
tered during his sojourn here, be it for a brief period, he
can make his way to the " American House," Hanover
street, Lewis Rice & Son, proprietors, where every
comfort and luxury is to be met with. The Hotel
Vendome, also on Commonwealth Avenue, in the more
modern portion of the town, is the fashionable up-town
house, and has a well-established reputation, and is
first-class in every respect.

In Boston the places of amusement are more numerous,
in proportion to the population, than in most cities. At
the Music Hall may be seen the second largest organ in
the world, erected at a cost of $80,000.

There are neafly 1 50 churches, the most interesting to
tourists being King's Chapel (Unitarian), founded in 1686.
The present structure, however, was erected in 1750.

OLD SOUTH CHURCH

is an object of much interest. It was erected in 1730, and
was used as a place of meeting by the heroes of '^6, and
was subsequently converted into a riding school by the
British troops. It barely escaped the flames during the
fire of 1872.

BOSTON COiMMON

is a large and charming public ground in a central portion
of the city proper. It contains nearly 50 acres, of every
variety of surface, with inviting walks, grassy lawns, and
grand old trees. It is the pride of the city, and is much
admired by strangers.

y-mX:] 1

342 All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide,

A pond and fountain, the site of the ancient " Frog
Pond," occupy a central point in the grounds. On the
upper corner, the massive, dome-surmounted walls of the
State Capitol are seen to great advantage. The

OLD ELM,
near the pond, was an object of much interest, as one of
the oldest and largest trees in the country. It is believed

OLD ELM.

to have existed before the settlement of the city, having
attained its full growth in 1722. It was nearly destroyed
by a storm in 1832. In 1854 it was protected by an
iron fence, but, in 1866, it at last succumbed to the
storms of winter, ihe Brewer Fountain is also one of
the attractions of the grounds, the workmanship being

All-Rmind Route and Panoramic Guide. 343

of great merit ; it was a gift to the city by the late
Gardner Brewer, and was awarded a gold medal at the
Paris Exhibition'of 1855.

Adjoining the Common, is the Public Garden, a

, as one of
: is believed

charming place of resort. This embraces 24 acres, and
is ornamented with winding walks, shrubbery, lawns,
ponds, and parterres of flowers. Power's statue of
Edward Everett, the admirable equestrian statue of

ii- <\\

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344 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Washington, by Thomas Ball, and other pieces of

statuary, and a conservatory.

In the city proper there are quite a number of small

parks. At the South End are Franklin Square, Black-
stone Square, each having a fountain, shade-trees, with
an area of a little more than two acres ; Worcester
Square and Chester Square, containing about one and a
half acres, are modest parks, with roadway on each side
lined with fine residences. In South Boston there are
two parks ; one on Telegraph Hill is known as Thomas
Park, and the other as Independence Square, attractive
on account of the superb views they command of
Boston and the harbor. The largest squares in East
Boston are Central Square and Belmont Square, con-
taining about three-quarters of an acre each ; and the
smaller parks of Putnam Square, Prescott and Maverick
Squares. In the Dorchester district, the principal park
or square, as it is called, is on Meeting-House Hill.
Here stands the soldiers' monument.

While in this vicinity, the pedestrian tourist will be
repaid by a visit to the new streets and buildings, on
what is called the "Back Bay," now the fashionable
quarter, in which is situated the Vendome, foremost
among first-class hotels, a magnificent and elegant
structure of white marble, eight stories high, on the
corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street,
opened in i88o, costing over one million of dollars, and
entirely fireproof; furnished throughout in palatial style,
without regard to expense, making it, in its full com-
pleteness, one of the most costly and luxurious in the
country ; built expressly for, and now under the able
management of, Col. J. W. Wolcott. It is in a delightful

All-Ronnd Route and Pauoramic Guide. 345

^McV

INSS^ .-'il av

346 All-Rmind Route and Panoramic" Guide.

situation, and has a cuisine that can hardly fail to gratify
the most epicurean taste. This new and superb hotel
must, for the present, stand pre-eminently the leading
first-class house in the city. We would call attention to
the Fifteenth Exhibition of the Massachussetts Charitable
Mechanics' Association of Arts, Manufactures, &c., which
which will be opened on the 3rd of September, 1884, and
continue until November, 1884, in their new building on
Huntington Avenue, and The Vendome is the nearest
hotel to the grounds.

FANEUIL HALL.

The remains of this famous edifice, called the " Cradle
of Liberty," are on Block Square, the centre of the
business part of the city. It is very old, and is an
object of deep interest to Americans. It was pre-
sented to the city, by Peter Faneuil, a distinguished
merchant, who on the 4th of July, 1740, made an
offer, in a town meeting, to build a market-house.
The building was begun the following year, and finished
in 1748. It has been used at various times as a City
Hall, Court House, Assembly Room, and for other
purposes. In 1776, the Declaration of Independence
was read from the balcony of it.

The Court House on Court House Square ; the City
Hall, on School street ; the Custom House, on State
street ; the State House, overlooking the Common ; the
Boston Public Library, on Boylston street ; the City
Hospital, on Harrison Avenue; Tremont Temple, on
Tremont street ; the Masonic Temple, at the corner of
Tremont and Boylston streets ; the Merchants' Exchange^
on State street ; the Athenaeum, on Beacon street, are
all points which should be visited.

j^ll-Roittid Route and Panoramic Guide. 347

In this age of rapid advancement in the sciences, the
equipment of the wise Tourist is incomplete v*'ithout a
photographic outfit, with which he can record the
objects of particular interest met with in his travels.

Boston being noted as an educational centre, claims
priority in the present popular move in Amateur
Photography. Here the first enterprise for manu-
facturing goods especially adapted for the requirements of
the Amateur, found sustenance, and after many struggles
the products of their factory have won the enviable
reputation of being the best made ; and this reputation
is not only freely accorded them in critical Boston, but
in every city in America.

The corporation to which we refer is The Blair
Tourograph & Dry Plate Company, whose office and
factory are located at 471 and 475 Tremont Street,
where the most modern, and perfect wood and brass
working machinery are employed. Although not
catering for retail trade, a visitor to their office will feel
repaid for the time expended. Boston further claims
the honor of having the first organized Amateur
Photograph * "-^ciation "n America, although there
now exist s if dozen or more, and new ones are

monthly being i . o the list.

Photography first came to us as an Art, next as a
Science, and now as an Educator, an Aid to nearly all
the various sciences and industries known, and as a
means of recreation and pastime.

Where shall the end be ?

In the vicinity of Boston proper are many sights of
great interest.

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All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 349

:?■*,

■) Ti

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

This venerable seat of learning is at Cambridge, three
miles from the city of Boston. It was founded in 1638,
by the Rev. John Harvard. The University embraces,
besides its collegiate departments, law, medical, and
theological schools. The buildings are 15 in number, all
located in Cambridge, except that of the Medical School
in North Grove street, in Boston. Gore Hall and Uni-
versity Hall are handsome edifices, the former containino-
the library, and the latter the chapel, lecture-room, &c.
Holden Chapel contains the Anatomical Museum. The
Observatory and telescope are of very great interest.

ENTRANCE TO MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY.

MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY,
about a mile from Harvard University, and about four
miles from Boston, by the Road from Old Cambridge to
Watertown, constitutes one of the sights of Boston, and

350 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide

IK:

should be seen by every visitor. It is the property of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, was consecrated
September 24, 1831, and contains 140 acres. It is the
oldest, and by many considered the most beautiful of
American rural burying-places. The gateway is of
Quincy granite, and cost $10,000. The Chapel, an
ornamented Gothic edifice of granite, with stained glass
windows, contains statues of VVinthrop, Otis, John
Adams, and Judge Story. The Tower, 60 feet in height,
in the rear of the grounds, is 187 feet above Charles

BUNKER HILL MONUMENT.

River, and commands a wide and charming view, for
many miles. Cars run from the station in Bowdoin
Square, via Cambridge (Harvard College), every 15

t.A K^

All-RoHud Route ami Panoramic Gnuh. 35 i

minutes, during the day, and until half-past eleven
o'clock at night, hunker Hill Monument, commemora-
tive of the eventful battle fought on the spot, is in
Charleston, occupying the site of the old redoubt oti
Breed's Hill. The observatory at the top of this structure
commands a magnificent view, embracing a wide extent
of land and water scenery. The journey up is somewhat
tedious, traversing nearly 300 steps. The dedication of
this monument took place June 17, 1843. On the hill is
a stone marking the sjjot where Warren fell. Horse-cars
run from the head of Tremont street to the monument.

TIIK UNITED STATES NAVV-VARD,

extending between the mouths of the Charles and Mystic
rivers, and embracing about 100 acres in extent, is near
the Bunker Hill Monument.

NANTASKET BEACH.

This resort is a peninsula on the south shore of

Massachusetts, and is a pleasant sail of nine miles from

Boston. Excellent facilities for visiting this famous beach

are offered by the Boston and Hingham Steamboat Co.

whorun their handsomcsteamersTheTwilight,Nantasket!
Rose Stand ish, and William Harrison, nearly every
half hour during the season from Rowes Wharf,'
340 Atlantic Avenue. After leaving the wharf the
tourist is pleased and charmed by the continuous
succession of pleasant surprises, as the course of the
steamers run among the many green islands, forts and
headlands with which the Boston Harbor abounds.
Among the most famous forts passed by these steamers
are Forts Winthrop and Warren. Fort Winthrop is con-
structed on Governors Island and is the strongest

"11 -i

II I

352 All-Rotind Route and Panoramic Guide.

fortress in the harbor, although very little can be seen
from the water-front, as the batteries are almost all
underground, and connected with the citadel by under-
ground passages. Fort Warren is erected on Georges
Islands and has been made quite famous in history It
was at this fort the two Confederate Commissioners
Mason and Slidell, were confined, until given uc to the
Er. ,lish government. During the war it was used as a
prison for guerrillas and others of the most desperate rebel
prisoners, whom the government intended to keep
during the war and not exchange. Leaving Fort Warren
a few minutes' sail brings the excursionist to Pemberton
Landing at Hull. At this point is found the Hotel
Pemberton, an excellent house conducted on the Ameri-
can and European plans. Leaving the Pemberton, we
now continue our sail. Entering Hull Bay, we quickly
pass the village of Hull, and rounding near Skull Head
inside Bumpkin Island Beach, we soon arrive at Straw-
berry Hill, a place made famous in history. It is here
the Northmen were supposed to have landed in 1603,
and also the place on which Miles Standish and his party
landed when they explored Boston Harbor in 1621. A
few hundred feet from the Strawberry Hill Landing, is
the Sea Foam House, a popular family hotel, most advan-
tageously situated, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and
Nantasket Beach on the one side, and the more quiet
waters of Hull Bay on the other. Numerous beautiful
cottages and ample conveniences for boating, bathing,
&c., make this one of the most attractive points on
Nantasket Beach.

Continuing our journey through the narrow channel
of Weir River, we reach Nantasket Pier, owned by the

'ide,

can be seen
almost all
1 by under-
on Georges
history. It
imissioners,
;n up to the
s used as a
perate rebel
d to keep
ort Warren
Pemberton
the Hotel
i:he Ameri-
berton, we
we quickly
kull Head.
' at Straw-
It is here
d in 1603,
1 his party
162 1. A
anding, is
)st advan-
)cean and
lore quiet
beautiful
, bathing,
»oints on

V channel
:d by the

11 County (

18 Faneull :

19 Quincy

50 Boftoa J

51 Botton ]
S8 Public I

53 So. Natl

54 Muwum
n Muonio
86 Jdd Fel
»i Muiio i
S8 Hortlcu]
«« City He

« . „ ..J. 80 ProTld«i

tyomtnent Butldtng: 31 Lowell '.

13 State House C 6 dS Eutent

14 CuBtom House DC

15 Post Office D 6 *

16 City Hall D 6 33 Trinity

M If

All-Rotmd Route ^„^ r>

" "'"' Pauoramic Guide. , r ,

Boston and Hineham Qf ■.

few hundred feet of ,.h T" °'' ^'""P""^' "-•">.•" a

and deservedly L as ul ^ T '""^^^^ '''" y^-^.

and appointment"; The brn !; "'T' '" '"' --™c'ion
surround this house are for / '^'"' P'^^^^^ 'hat

almost to the watt's :d!ro„':H 1" "'""'"^ ^°-
band stand is erected Jh'r '°"'"" P'^"^^ ""^

afternoon and evenn.bvth T"'"'' '"" S'^^" ^^-^
dence,D.VV. Reeved cond^ /'"" '^''"'^ "^ P'-^

given twice each weTbv a "T'k '7*"'^ '"'P'^^^ -«
an exhibition of Japanese .«''' Pyrotechnist, and

duced every WeciCdav .„h% '"°"^^ ""^ «'^° '•"'™-
Hotel NantLket is c S^ f^r J ^^'.~- The

>s managed by Messrs. Rus ',1 & ^ '" ^"""'"''

ers of experience nJ^Tr 1 ^^"'S'^^. Popular cater-

Steamboat Co. run d,>ecto°th '"^°" ^ "'"^"'•-
nearly every half hou^ ' Pomt, trips being made

are aL a numt t" ;theTr /"^ '"^ "°'^' ^-'-l^-'
ble among which is the R cS Hr'^^ ''°""^' "'"^-
site Hotel Nantasl<et and s.reTch ' ^'^""'goPPo-

towards Pemberton s th- Tj"^ '"'^ '^"'' ''°" ""'«
the New England ;1 T "!°'' '^^^'^^''le beach found on

appointed bathing houses ar^^ec^ed u" a "f "'^"

season it is estimated that over t,,,^ -i.- ,
-ekers visit Nantasket Beach """ P'^^^"""

In Boston there are many other points to be seen In

^ac "that '^"" "r ""^ P^°-'"^"' -"" ^^'^^^ "o
space than our work would permit A v^r,. fu ^

-sting .count of the cityLd";^ putlilT^t" ^^

All-Ro,<,„i Route aud Panoramic Guide. 355

most American cities R„ n *' "'"'^^P^''' '^an in

to thoroughly ..r\HeXoTBZr"^^^'''^"""'-^'
^OM MONTREAL TO NEW VORK DIRECT.

■ sr;r;'~;et:rr"----co„.

are many who may doubtlea, desire IZ^t ^''

tou. at Montreal may n^t co": aLisf °" ^'™^ "" "><=
Three routes lie at the choice of pass»ncrers tw. .. n
ra.I." and the third, rail and water con b h, d DurZ h
summer season, the train, .ia tk. Central V;rmont rIu

.Sr?o*\tT " ''T^^^' '" ''-^ ^^-""^^^

ing iNiew York about noon the following day Passengers
may travel .,'. Troy, or Springfield, aLrd mg as they

TL T n f '"^ *"'^ ^'''^''- The other alfra route
Lnt ";^,^^'^T' ^ "">!»" Canal Railroad, leavtg

e^rt hefln""'^^ afternoon, and reaching N^v Yo^
early me following mornino-

Champ£''°Th-"'""''V' "'" P'^«^''-g and Lake

York and i. TJ"^ ''™""-'™>' "^ 2°'"^ '°New

reaut t K ^° .J':"-'^"""'" «nd appreciated that little
requires to be sa,d m reconnnendation of it. During the
pleasure season, trains leave the depot, Montreal for

356 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Plattsburg, connecting at that place with the very fine
boats of the Champlain Transportation Company, for
Burlington and Ticonderoga. Those leaving Montreal
by the evening train will find it a very pleasant break in
the journey to remain over night in Plattsburg, and take
the boat the following day.

For complete information on the starting of trains and
steamboats, we would advise all tourists to secure a copy
of the International Railway and Steam Navigation
Guide, which may be relied on to furnish information up
to the latest possible time prior to publication.

■^11

■I?!

■:■*!

ALL RAIL ROUTE TO NEW YORK.

Those who adopt this route will proceed direct from
Montreal to St. Albans. Before reaching this point,,
however, we would invite the tourist to accompany us ta
one of the most delightful Parks in the State of Ver-
mont.

MISSISQUOI PARK,

lately established by the Central Vermont Railroad, at
which they have placed a station, distant about 12 miles
from St. Albans, and a few rods north of Highgate Springs,,
the great summer resort of Northern Vermont. This is
a new attraction to this delightful neighborhood ; for,,
as rich as Vermont is in lovely localities, there is none
more favored by nature than that which has been known
for years and years as " Lover's Lane," at Highgate
Springs. It is a delightful combination of grassy lawn,
grand old elms and butternuts, pungent cedars, moss-
grown rocks and silvery waters. Though easy of access,
it is hardly less wild and romantic than in the days

^ery fine
any, for
^lontreal
break in
md take

ains and
i a copy
vigation
ation up

;ct from
3 pointy
ly us to
of Ver-

road, at
[2 miles
springs,
This is
d ; for,,
is none
known
ighgate
y lawn,
, moss-
access,
2 days

SeT;;"™ '''' '"'-'y ^-^-'^ fi^--^ in the wate.

leav': e«::tn';';'; :'■:''' ^^"'"' ^-"-' ^-'-d

in fact. e^yoUctT" '"" "" «^°""^^' """^h are,
Vermont, [oweTctnl^'^i °m" V"" '"•' '°"-- '"
means of the perfS^':,""'' ''°^"'"" ^■"^- York, by
having it in cCge ' "'^ '^^^'^'"' '^^ "''^ -'-P-^fon

A pleasant ramble is obtained on leavincr ,h.
sion train at the smri,.,,^ i i leaving the excur-

intervale, which Za '7 l"'""^' P'"'"^ through the

over a b oad ^anS" ' "'' ''""' "^^ ^-unds,
■ way bearing t '^™'"atmg in an arched gate-

way bearmg the niscription, " Missisquoi Park" it
an easy grassy grade we reach the ht P •, ^

upon a /&to„ o„ Elm R Z ^! ^'^.^^"^'°"' ^'•^"^'1
artistic beauty of it archlr; "^'"^ '° "''"'■'" ">^

hap. to watch th merrv da " ' '"°'"™'' '"'' "'^^-
down a windinrDatl, H '' "'' P'"' '° ""= "°'*'

spring-housetf^Cqut S^h r.'':;'"^"^- ""'f
our thirst win, .-f f 'I "'" *P""g. « here we quench

" Camo r2 . "°"' '"'"'''^ ''-''"'■ Back, through
Camp Chittenden," we again visit Elm Ridge reachiL
■t by means of a delightful winding path up th,wh
gnm, gray rocks, past rustic seats in'cosy nooks 1 1 "ve
reach the band stand. Passing southwaM we soon fild

Better; w'lf^ '" "■^■^"' '■^^"'°"- Down Z

IT ts "7 , ?'• ^" "'^ "S'" '^ " E'™ Ridge,"
with ,ts graceful elms and butternuts ; on the lef

■• Cedar Ridge," thickly covered with the frigra " e e '

greens while falling aw-ay in a long, gentle slope, the

green lane meets the silvery water of the Bay. Strolling

dow-n past the Croquet Grounds, the Big Swings, th!

r,-'rT

»;•'

.1(1 ■-, ■

■1 %

358 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

Family Tables, under the Four Brothers, vvc take " Pic-
nic Avenue," just where it starts from the foot of the
lane. This is one of the most delightful and popular
walks on the grounds. The way is winding and easy,
among the. cedars and moss-grown rocks, on the west of
the ridge, and overlooking Kingfisher's Bay. The avenue
is well up above the water, almost overhanging it in
places, a strong rail now and then standing guard.
Rustic benches are conveniently placed, where parties
with their lunch baskets can picnic, while watching the
gay skififs and merry bathers. Here, where a cleft in the
rock comes up to meet the avenue, easy steps lead
down to the Bath House. Passing along we come to
Point Lookout, from whence we gaze in admiration
across the waters upon the bold, picturesque bluff in
Phillipsburgh, just over the border. Over the Bay, to^
the left, is the green fringed shore of Alburgh, while far
over the waters can be seen the church spires of Clarence-
ville and Henryvilie, thrifty Canadian villages. Away
to the north stands Scotch Mountain, sentinel-like, over
Her Majesty's Dominion. Crossing the Rustic Bridge,
which spans Kingfisher's Bay, we reach the Boat House
at Sargent's. In a skiff we visit Rock Island and inspect
its rocky sides, furrowed with the beating of the waves
for centuries. Back again, and over the bridge we
scramble up the hill-side, and soon find ourselves once
more in Lover's Lane.

The Pavilion is a graceful structure, Swiss-like in
architecture, and finished much more elaborately than
such buildings generally are. The main part is 33x30
feet, in which are located the Superintendent's office,
telegraph office, cloak and parcel room, waiting-room,.

£s once

^"■Ro""d Ronu a„d Pauoramic Guid.: 359
ladies' room and kitchen Ti,„ 1 v 1
range and all o.hc nec^J' er'''" '"' '""^^'^ ""h

out from this buiidi„;iTh:iCmor'""" ''"""'■"^

with open sides -,n,l "■ , P''°P'=''' 3 1x60 feet,

seats, to be used for 8^7^ ""' '"°™'''<= '^^'^ -<<
building at the riS of h ""' """ '"■"'"«• ^he little
" Bay ViJ^ It". °^ '''' '"'"" P'-"^' '•» ">e office of the
A,„ r ■ '''"'y paper, published everv exr„r-,,.„

day, of especal interest to every excursi™ st "

pari fi TLS'sr"-^ *eatt,actions of the
purpose, andl'der llr ::;7;' "-•^<='' f- *e
known and oopular restaur-.^ °"' *' "-"■

Here ice cre'an' cake f„d h ^°^ "' ^'^ ^"'""'•

At the Bath Hr u .^ " ''^'" '"" ''^ "btained.

at a nominal tmTh"'' ~''"'"" '^" ''^ ""'^'"^'^
.^duallyp,/^^^^^^^^^^

makmg safe and pleasant bathing '

The Boating in Missisquoi Bay is unsurpassed The

of in 1 'T'"'-"^^ "■«'" '"""'"^ ^'^^^ '"Change
01 Sargent, is always in first-class order, and ready for

.nstant use. Most of the boats are new t ,is season and

.elaom such a fine collection is seen. Safe and pkUnt

SS St a" ::rrr" '° '^'' "- '° --'-

The fishing hereabouts is the best on Lake Champlain.
Th,s has long been the angler's paradise, and caches
of five-pound bass and ten-pound pickerel are almost
da.ly occurrences. Missisquoi Bay is well k.nown to be
the breedmg ground of the fish of the lake. All seasons
of the year fish of some kind can be caught, through the
hottest days of August, and the ice of December

I-

360 All-Romtd Route and Panoramic Guide,

Trolling is the most common mode of fishing, though
with expert anglers, live bait and the fly are the most
popular.

The entire grounds, the pavilion, the kitchen, the
spring water, croquet grounds and patent swings, are all
free for the use of the excursionists. A short ride
brings us to

ST. ALBANS.
gHE pleasant town of St. Albans is situated on the
Mfi Central Vermont Railroad. Its location offers all
the benefits of the Mountain air, combined with the
cool and refreshing winds from Lake Champlain. The
panoramic views from St. Albans are among the finest
in the Green Mountains. Aldis Hill, one-half mile from
the American House ; the summit of Bellevue, accessible
by ai easy carriage road, is within two miles of the
Hotel, commanding on the east a view of Mounts

AMERICAN HOUSE, ST. ALUANS.— S, I. STRvJUU, I'RUI'RIETOR.

Mansfield and Jay ; on the west, a magnificent view of
the Adirondacks, mountains, hills and plains, adorned

All- Ron fid RoNtr n„J I)

^<Htc ami Pauoramu Guide. 36 r
with lovely farms and villaLrr. • nl c

above arc the uonderful n,- ^ ''^'^^'tion to the

distance. The American \T ' '^ "'""" «'-^>-

and comfortable ho , e a.milr'''' '■'''"'''■'"■ "^''^<=--"'''
-ith suite, of room,, oa^ormor™"^'"' '°^ ^^'■"^'-'

We would also here ctII fh . .^ '..
ti-o".l. from Mon ,U ,0 ,:rK'°'\f """'^'^ S"'"^'
Cottages, at Highgate S,. L r""^' '" "™- =">''

Alba.,., where fi ^ , / ^ T" '^■""- "<""' of St.
yachting are found ^' '''"'"'"S' '^"'•""•g and

»■''- is caned MitlS:::; ^ , -■J'"^- dock, on
»nd quite a lake of itself bcl', ^^f °"-^'^"= d.amplain,

and some forty miles tL ^^ t^T. '^ '"'''"
kept here for quests •,,,.1 ■ . ^ row-boats are

Bay is the best ,U-I| T''\ '" '"^ "'-""^ "^ "'-
be found any , e : IP''^ '■";" [''-'^ ^ass fishing to
desired. ' '' "' ''"^' ^"* ■''•°°"-"ff as can be

Sixteen miles north of <^f- a ik

"'tn 01 bt. Alban.sare the celebrated

ALBURGII SPRINGS

of St. Albans Iri ™"'"' "^"-■'-'" ""^^ *««'

on the s::, tmr-jira^jt ■ °"-^" ''!;'■'•

by water on pII «,• i '^'^'^^^^^y- ^t i.s .surrounded

beautifully .^tui ■'':,:::: vi" ar"'!' ■^-^ '^^

Missisquoi Bay, which greatly ad'dft^ Sr^hLs^-j

i t

l^l

362 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

the temperature in summer, while its fine air, besides
being cool and refreshing, is a complete antidote for
asthma, catarrh or hay fever. The waters of the Lake
and Bay offer great allurements to the sportsman and
angler, and its boating is delightful. The Springs ire
of the Sulphur and Lithia class, and its waters have at-
tained a wide reputation for their curative qualities, the
power and extent of which are well established. Good
and experienced boatmen may be had at all times, and
pleasant excursions made to numerous points on the
Lake. The views from the Springs are very charming ;
to the East, over the placid waters of the Missisquoi,
may be seen the pleasant town of St. Albans, while in
the background tower Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump>
Jay Peak, and further north a long range of mountains
in Canada. From a little elevation, of easy access, there
is a beautiful view across Lake Champlain to Rouse's
Point, and the western horizon bounded by the Adiron-
dack Mountains. The roads are good, and the drives
and walks pleasant and numerous. The best hotel is
the Alburgh Springs House, in a beautiful situation, and
which has the reputation of being very comfortable and
well kept.

Passing onward from St. Albans, after a ride of
eighteen miles, Essex Junction is reached, whence the
tourist may, after an hour's ride, reach the beautiful

town of

BURLINGTON, (Vt.)

which lies on the east shore of Burlington Bay, and occupies
a gentle declivity descending toward the west, terminated
by the lake, which up to this point quite narrow, here
expands into a fine sheet of water, nearly if not quite

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 363

ten miles wide from the Vermont to the New York-
shore Standing on the east declivity, say a mile from
the lake and some 280 feet above its level, and looking
on either hand you behold the most perfect picture of
noble and varied natural scenery to be found in America
and equalled in Europe, if it be equalled, only by the
view of Lake Geneva, looking forth from Lausanne.
Below you are the glittering waters of Champlain, broken
here and there by lovely islands that lift their green
heads above the waves at various points in this ten miles
of lake, that stretches out between these " shining shores '^
Before you are the Adirondack Mountains of New York
"all gleaming in purple and gold ;" behind you are the
Green Mountains of Vermont, clad in garments of equal
yet different glory. On your left is Shelburne Bay with
Its curving coasts. On your right hand, your pleased
eye follows the bending shore as it sweeps in faultless
hnes to Rock Point. At Burlington, the tourist, who
wishes to take in the exquisite scenery of the beautiful
Champlain with its sinuous bays and breezy headlands
(a more particular description of which will be found
further on), will take one of the fine steamers of the
Champlain Transportation Co.

The drives are delightful in all directions leading out
of Burlington. Mallet's Bay, a beautiful sheet of water
full of excellent fish, is only six miles distant, and is
reached by a road that gives you a general view of the
Winooski River flowing through a stretch of charming-
country; while the drive along the lake shore in
Shelburne is equally attractive. Strangers should not
fail to drive through the elegant grounds of Col. De

i V]

r »

;

=1^

364 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

Grand B. Cannon, as from this commanding eminence
can be gained the most perfect outlook in the city.

Among the other points of interest is Green Mount
Cemetery, where lies buried Ethan Allen, " The Hero of
Ti — ," whose grave is marked with a handsome
monument. Lake View Cemetery "Rock Point;" the
beautiful residence of the late Bishop Hopkins, of the
Episcopal Church, and the "High Bridge" on the
Winooski, are also well worthy a visit ; all these points
are approached by pleasant drives. Queen City Park
and Pic-nic Grounds is a delightful spot situated
on the shores of the beautiful Shelburne Bay, about two
miles from Burlington, on the Rutland division of the
Central Vermont Railroad.

Returning to Essex Junction, the tourist may continue
his journey to Bellows Falls, via White River Junction
or Rutland.

As there are many points of interest on either route,
we shall mention the more prominent ones. Passing
by the first route named, we speedily reach Montpelier,
the Capital of Vermont and the handsomest, if not the
largest, town in the State. There is an air of dignity,
and repose about it which is attractive to the tourist, and
(^he charms of the country surrounding it are unsurpassed
by any other part of the State.

MONTPELIER

is on the Winooski river, and stands on what is said to
have formerly been the bed of a lake. It is most plea-
santly situated, and possesses many buildings worthy of
the tourist's inspection.

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 365
WATERBURY (Vt)

went,. „,i,es from the su„,™it of Mount M^.d an
en n„les from Mount Mansfield Hotel, a celetated
summer resort ; eight nnles from Camel's Humo a oft
mountain of almost equal attraction and notorTe'V tl
miles from the o-rpnt w,„„ i • t.- ""i-"nety , tour

form a natu ^\ ^ T ^'"°°'*'^' '^'™'-. "here the rocks

w™re the Indi ^ ^' ''™" ""' "'^'' ^'"^ '^''5^ «™^

horses at ' fi"°'',"' ^'■°""'-^' ='"'^ g°°<' ^'^bling for

Wegant s,x horse-coaches leave here morning and even-
mg for Stowe and Mount Mansfield.

THE VILLAGE OF STOWE.
Situated in the Lamoille Valley, completelyflanked bv
mountams,-the most conspicuous of which are Mansfield
and VVorcester,-is the delightful village of Stowe co„
tammg a population of over 2,000 inhabitants. Stages
connect with trains, morning and afternoon, at Water!
bury, ten mdes distant, on the Vermont Central, and at
Mornsvme, e.ght miles distant, on the Portland and
Ogdensbnrg R. R. The scenery surrounding Stowe is

366 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

I;.' r

i,<\' '.

very beautiful, comprising the valley, which extends for
many miles to the north-east ; Worcester mountain
range at the east ; Camel's Hump at the south ; while
at the west, Old Mount Mansfield towers in all its hoary
grandeur. The mountain appears of peculiar shape, the
outline of its summit resembling the human face, turned
upward in a reclining posture. The north peak repre-
sents the chin, the middle the nose, and the southern
the forehead. The Chin, the highest summit, is 4,348
feet above the sea-level, and is the highest of the whole
Green Mountain range. It is 3,800 feet above the
village of Stowe, and 340 feet above the middle peak, or
the Nose, which is 160 feet above the southern peak, the
Forehead.

The mountain summit is nine miles distant from the
hotel which bears its name. There is a good carriage
road from Stowe to the Summit House, which is situated
at the very base of the Nose. For the first five miles
this road is over the usual travelled highway ; when the
mountain base is reached, the road branches off and the
ascent commences. The path, however, is not very
steep, and is kept in excellent order. Two miles and a
half of a pretty steep ascent, for the greater part of the
way through a magnificent forest, brings the traveller to
the Half-way House. Here one ought to make a long
pause to admire the splendid view spread out before
him. The lovely valley of Stowe, which has just been
left with 'its smooth green farms, lies at his feet, and
beyond, the hills and high'-;r summits of the Green
Mountain. In a clear day the summit of Mount
Washington is dimly visible, though partially hidden by
the nearer hills. A clear spring of pure water, a little

^"-Roimd Route aud Panoramic GtUdc. ^67

ascent of the remaining one and a half miles of the peak

JtimZ ■''°°" -l^^-P-'^"^^ ■" an agreeable'and
pleasant manner, requ.nng only about three hours' time
from Stowe to the summit The view is hidden by he
rees for the greater part of the way, but occasionalfy we
catch surpnsmg glimpses of a wooded ravine, extending
to the very base of the mountain, and far a;ay to h!
north ,s Smuggler's Notch, through whose towerLg W ',
are seen pleasant vistas, closed in the distance by beau
ttful green fields. From the base of the Nose near th.
summit of the mountain, fully 4,000 feet abo 'the evt
of the sea, a fine view of the valley of the Stowe
towards the vest is obtained, the wooded side of uZl
Mansfield bemg visible to its very base, with no int
venmg summit to obstruct the vision, the scene bdng
on^ closed in by the White Mountain range ^

sea^lveT'"' if"' "T" ''"' '''^' '■°°' '''' ^l"-- "-e
sea evel. Its ascent is made by a rough path on the

western s.de, much resembling a flight of stairs The

northern s,de presents a steep and precipitous descent

down which you may look from the summit at least Z

til K '"!, f "''"'' °'""^ '^'^^-^'' f™"" time to
below. It ,s but a short walk from the hotel to the

To ascend the Chin, however, requires more time
though tlie journey is less fatiguing. There is no such
precip.t,ous and giddy ascent, but the mountain slopes
gently and gracefully away towards the hotel It is
distant about a mile and a half from the Summit House
and requires a longer time than the ascent of the Nose'

r-* i \

' (

\ I

368 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide.

As it is some 300 feet higher than the Nose, it conse-
quently commands a more extended view.

The scene that is spread out before the eye, on either
of the summits is gorgeous and beautiful in the extreme.
Spreading out before you on the west is the level, fertile
land of Western Vermont, diversified by nretty hills,
bordered by the silver waters of Lake Champlain, with
the deep blue Adirondack Hills in the far distance be-
yond. This view is singularly attractive. You see the
farm-houses clustering into villages ; you can follow the
courses of the winding, trout-laden streams among the
hills and forests ; you can see the dark green of the
waving corn, and can almost distinguish the farmers at
their toil. The hills of Montreal may be seen to the
north, and on a pleasant day the glistening spires of that
city. Tue whole of Lake Champlain, from Fort Ticon-
deroga to the extreme north, lies stretched out before
you. Burlington, on its shore, can be easily identified.
Owl's Head, on the shores of Lake Memphremagog, lies
away to the north. In the south, rise Camel's Hump
and others of the Green Mountain Range. From the
Chin you may also look down into Smuggler's Notch,
and even descend into it, if you have time and the
necessary pluck.

On the way to the Chin may be seen, in many places,
parallel lines marked on the rocks in a uniform north
and south direction. These have attracted much atten^
tion from geologists, who suppose they were left there
by the glacier, when the mountain was covered by snow
and ice, and it carried huge stones in its cold embrace.
In one place are two huge boulders deposited on the

All-Rmmd Route and Panoramic Guide, 369

mountain top, with the lines they made in reaching the
eminence, visible a few feet from them.

The " Old Man of Mansfield Mountain " will be
pomted out to you on the eastern side of the Nose. The
I^ofile is quite excellent, and the features possess an in-
terestmg regularity.

The next important point reached is

WHITE RIVER JUNCTION,
at which point the Northern Railway, the Connecticut
Valley and the Passumpsic River Roads connect. The
Jurfction House at this place has long been a favorite
with the travelling public, and offers special attractions
for tourists. From this point, passing over the Central
Vermont Railroad, a ride of 40 miles brings us to

BELLOWS FALLS,
the most prominent town in Vermont. At this point the
Connecticut River is compressed into a space less than 50
feet wide, and through this narrow gorge all the water
must flow. The River makes a descent of 50 feet,
though there is not any one perpendicular fall. In the
rocks near the Falls are points which will prove of inter-
est to the antiquarian.

Returning to accompany those who proceed via the
Rutland Route, a ride of 59 miles from Essex Junction,
and the thriving town of

BRANDON
is reached. This town contains two singular caverns
worthy of a visit. Minerals of different kinds abound,
and extensive marble quarries are also in operation.
Leaving Brandon we pass
24

370 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

RUTLAND.

This place is best known in connection with the cele-
brated marble quarries, from which large quantities of
fine white marble are annually shipped by railroad. From
this point the tourist, by taking the Delaware and Hua-
son Road, can proceed direct to Troy, and thence by the
Hudson River Road to New York.

He may, however, continue his journey from Rutland
to Bellows Falls, thence via Connecticut River Railway
to New Haven, passing on his way through

3PRINGFIELD,

with its celebrated factories and substantially built edi-
fices, and, should he feel desirous of remaining over, he
could not do better than take up his abode, during his
stay in the place, at the Massasoit House, Messrs. M. &
E. S. Chapin, proprietors, where we can assure him that
all the comforts desirable will be readily obtained, and he
will leave the city with pleasant recollections of his visit.
The distance between New Haven and New York will be
speedily traversed, and the tourist will find himself once
more in the Metropolis.

TO NEW YORK AND BOSTON via SOUTH
EASTERN RAILWAY.

Another, and exceedingly pleasant and popular direct
route between Montreal, Boston a\id New York, is that
via the South Eastern Railway and its connections. The
tourist by adopting ' this route passes through the most
enchanting regions of Canada, Central, Northern Ver-
mont, and the beautiful Lakes of Memphremagog and
Winnepesaukee. From Montreal to Lake Memphrema-

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 37 1

gog, going over the South Eastern Railroad, the scenery
is the finest to be found in Lower Canada, and it is the
charm and attraction of this route to pleasure travellers
that it affords a continuous panorama of Mountain, Lake
and River views, which are nowhere surpassed in their
attractive loveliness. There are Jay Peak and Owl's
Head, Lake Memphremagog, Crystal Lake, the White
Mountains, Lake Winnepesaukee, and the lovely Pas-
sumpsic, Connecticut and Merrimac River Valleys, and
the whole route forms a most delightful and fascinating
trip. For those who have not the time or the wish to
visit either the Mountains or the Lakes, this road affords
attractions equally strong with those it presents to pleasure
travellers.

Leaving Montreal at the Grand Trunk Station and pass-
ing onward by Chambly, the tourist speedily finds himself
winding trough the lovely Mountains, passing at the foot
of Jay Peak. The name * Green Mountains ' is truly ap-
propriate, and it may be applied to the green hills which
surround us on every hand. Scarcely has the tourist
passed this point until the flourishing town of Newport,
Vt., is reached. Approaching this town the road skirts
the shores of the beautiful Lake Memphremagog, which
is well worthy of a visit.

LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG

is a beautiful sheet of water, situated partly in Vermont,
and partly in Canada. It is 35 miles long, and varies
from 2 to 5 miles in width. Its shores are rock-bound
and indented with beautiful bays, between which jut out
bold, wooded headlands, backed by mountain ranges.
Newport, at the head of the lake, is reached in about

372 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

four hours from Montreal. Here the tourist will find an
excellent hotel, the Memphremagog Hou'e, of which
W. F. Bowmai. is manager. This gentleman, who was
proprietor of the House from 1869 to 1877, and is widely
known as a popular and efficient manager, last season
took over the House again, and has by attention and

'ii'

MEMPHREMAGOG HOU.SE, NEWPORT, VT.

urbanity, succeeded in making Newport now so favorably
known as a place of summer resort, more attractive than
ever in the accommodation and comfort which will
be found in the hotel. The house is beautifully
situated on the margin of the lake, near the .steamboat
landing and railway station, and commands charming

It has a length of 180 feet and

views at all points.

i[|ii

ind an
which
lo was
widely
reason
>n and

Drably
2 than
1 will
tifully
mboat
rming
t and

MOimtEAL & BO!

{Houth Eastern Bailwayt t
Button and Ixn

TO Tl

White and Frano

LAKE MEMPHREMAeoa, i

PORTLAND, OLD I

i
I

BOSTON AND

TLe Only Line Running Throuf
Old Orchard Beach, via th<

►o|50 I'BW^aoi

This Route is through the most
England, and affords a constant success
J^ountain Scenery. The service is perfe
CARS being run between MONTR
ORCHARD BEACH, via Fabyan '
Mountain Notch, and DRAWING-RO!
MONTREAT. and BOSTON.

Passengers from Montreal and the
approach to the White Mountain regior
the great Hotels and centres of resort,
Profile House, Maplewood, the Twi

HONTEEAl & BOSTON AIB USE.

(South Eastern RaUway, Passumpnic Railroad, and
Boaton and Lowell Mailroad,

TO TBB

and Franconia Mountains,

LAKE MEMPHREMAeoe, LAKE WINNEPESAUKEE,

PORTLAND, OLD ORCHARD BEACH,

- BOSTON AND NEAV YORK.

The Only Line Running Through Parlor Cars to Portland &
Old Orchard Beach, via the White Mountain Notch.

This Route is through the most beautiful part of Canada and New
England, and affords a constant succession of picturesque River, I^ke and
Mountain Scenery. The service is perfect, ELEGANT DRAWING-ROOM
CARS being run between MONTREAL and PORTLAND and OLD
ORCHARD BEACH, via Fabyan House and the celebrated White
Mountain Notch, and DRAWING-ROOM and SLEEPING CARS between
MONTREAL and BOSTON.

Passengers from Montreal and the West will f.nd this the direct line of
approacli to the White Mountain region. Connecting Trains are run to "11
the great Hotels and centres of resort, including Bethlehem, Jefferson, the
Profile House, Maplewood, the Twin Mountain, Fabyan and Crawford
Houses, and the summit of Moimt Washington.

BOS

The route by the AIR LINE 1
port (Lake Memphremagog), Wells
Concord and Lowell. There is a s
Sleeping ar..i Drawing-Room Cars,
connectioa there with New Yorl
England may be promptly reached

with its romantic and picturesque
the loveliest resorts in America, am
most favored of Summer resorts.

THE NE

Montreal

Without a peer in its grand er
constantly changing vistas of Lake,
line gives the pleasure traveller spe^
polls of the Canadas to the sea, \
hill tops upon her island-studded ba

Past Memphremagog ; along th
through the heart of the White Moi
gate, the iron path-way leads, cou
which now winds mid the groves of
the rock-bound coast of Miiine.

No other route of travel has so
day's journey by rail.

New York Office— 207 Brot
Boston Office -240 Washing
Montreal Office,

BOSTON.

route by the AIR LINE between Montreal and Boston is via Ncw-
ke Memphremagog), Wells River, Plymouth, Lake Winnepesaukee,
and Lowell. There is a splendid service of Elegant Pullman Palace
ar-.i Drawing-Room Cars, with two trains each way daily, and in
01 there with New York, and every imnortant point in New
may be promptly reached.

romantic and picturesque shores, has a world-wide fame as one of
iest resorts in America, and the Memphremagog House is one of the
ored of Summer resorts.

THE NEW ROUTE t

ontreal to the Sea

out a peer in its grand environment throughout ; unequalled in its
y changing vistas of Lake, River and Peak, this new and luxurious
1 the pleasure traveller speedy transit by daylight from the metro-
he Canadas to the sea, where fair Portland looks down from her

upon her island-studded bay.

Memphremagog ; along the sparkling swift flood of the Passumpsic ;
he heart of the White Mountains, and out at their majestic eastern
iron path-way leads, coursing down beside the impetuous Saco,
w winds mid the groves of Conway's mead, and then leads down to
jound coast of Maine.

ther route of travel has so much, nor Its half, to offer in a single
ney by rail.

)rk Office— 207 Broadway.
Office -240 Washington Street.

\l Office,

202 St. James Street.

—J

, -I

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 373

height of three storeys, with lawn in front always green,
and laid out tastefully in walks, and is surrounded by
fine, high piazzas, fourteen feet in width. It con-
tains about four hundred bedrooms, a grand dining-
hall with a seating capacity of four hundred at one
time, an elegantly furnished parlour, billiard, reading,
and smoking rooms, hot and cold water baths, electric
bells connecting with the office. All the furniture and
appointments are of the latest style of modern improve-
ment, while the health and safety of guests are provided
for by contrivances for ventilation, and for protection
against fire. The cuisine is first class, and the utmost
courtesy and attention are always shown by the officers
-of the house and the attendants to guests. Besides the
many beautiful trips to different parts of the lake, there
are a number of equally beautiful and pleasant drives
within easy distance of theMemphremagog House, some
of which are to Indian Point, Trolling Park, Clyde River
Falls, two miles distant, Derby Centre, four miles, Cov-
entry Falls, (three routes) six miles. Bear Mountain, (fine
view of lake), seven miles, Beebe Plain, seven miles,
Stanstead, ten miles. Fitch's Bay, P. O., (view of lake,)
eleven miles, Bolton Springs, fourteen miles, and Jay
Peak, (height 4,018 feet), fifteen miles. From this point
a steamer plies daily the whole length of the Lake.

JAY PEAK

should be visited if time permit. It is 4000 feet high,
and commands a fine view of the entire range of the Green
Mountains, the Franconia Range, and the Adirondacks,
with Lake Champlain also. The

374 All-RoHiid Route and Panoramic Guide.

owl's head

rises 3000 feet above the Lake, and commands, in fine
weather, an extensive view. There are several points of
interest along the Lake and its vicinity. A drive to Mount
Orford, the highest mountain in the Province of Quebec,
could not fail to give pleasure. On the southern shore of
the Lake is a wonderful natural curiosity, known as the
Balance Rock, a large mass of granite poised on a narrow-
point.

owl's head — on the west shore OE lake iMEMPHREMAGOG.

The eastern shore of the Lake in ^his vicinity is niuch
improved and adorned ivith handsome residences, the
finest being the beautiful summer villa of the late Sir Hugh
Allan, of Steamship fame. Mount Elephantis, or Sugar
Loaf Mountain, is seen to advantage from this point.

At Newport, connection is made with the Connecticut
and Passumpsic River Road, which passes through the
beautiful Passumpsic valley, with its romantic scenery and
thriving towns and villages. At Wells River, the tourist

All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 375

will take the Boston, Concord, Montreal, and White
Mountains Railway, which passes through some of the

MOUNT ORFORD— THE HIGHEST MOUNTAIN IN LOWER CANADA.

finest scenery imaginable, and traverses for a distance of
over 20 miles the shores of the ever charming Lake Win-
nepesaukee. Arriving at Concord, the tourist takes the

BALANCE ROCK, LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG.

Boston, Lowell and Concord Railway to Nashua, thence
Lowell, and Nashua Bailroad to the city of Boston.

376 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

At Well's River, the tourist may with but little loss of
time visit the whole of the grand scenery of the White
Mountains. In fact, for variety of scene, comfort in tra-
vel, and other advantages, this homeward route has much
to commend it to the tourist.

Tourists for New York pass from Wells River to White
River Junction, via Connecticut and Passumpsic River
Railroad, thence to South Vernon via Central Vermont.
The journey is then continued via Connecticut River Rail-

ovvl's head and mount elephantis— as seen from the railroad,

north of newport.

road, through Springfield, and via New York, New Haven
and Hartford Railway to New York.

LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE.

We have thought it desirable to add to our Guide a
brief sketch of one of the most interesting and attractive
lines of travel presented in the whole country. It is ren-
dered such by the exquisite and varied beauty of the
scenery, by the thrilling historic associations impressed

All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, 377

upon it, by the rare accommodation and comfort of its
steamers to the tourist, and by being the most direct and
eligible route between Saratoga, the White Mountains,
Mount Mansfield, the Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec.
It combines many decided and peculiar advantages, and
prominent among these is the pleasant change from the
dust and heat of the cars to the spacious and airy stea-
mers. Lake Champlain stretches a distance of 120 miles,
almost due north and south, and seems designed by the
hand of Nature to form an avenue of commerce and social
intercourse. Travellers, who have widely explored the
objects of interest in the New and Old World, unite in
pronouncing the waters and environs of Champlain the
most beautiful and impressive the eye can rest upon.
Varied features unite to complete the panorama. The
waters of the Lake, whether reposing in a calm, or surging
under the power of a tempest, are indescribably beautiful ;
but this attraction is infinitely enhanced by the islands,
which, in varied forms, stud its bosom ; by the peninsu-
las which pierce it ; and by the bold, rocky precipices tl at
hang over the Lake. The shores on either side are
impressive and beautiful : now a long line of rugged cliffs,
crowned by dense forests, appears, and now, smiling in
luxurious ranges of culture and elegance, embellished by
farm houses, mansions and villages, with their glittering
spires. All this scene of beauty is enhanced by the dark
framew^ork of mountains, that impart magnificence to the
whole.

CHAMPLAIN AND LAKE GEORGE.

Passengers leaving Montreal by the Montreal and
Champlain Division of the Grand Trunk Railway will cross

37 S All-Ron f id Route and Panoramic Guide.

the mammoth Victoria Bridge, and arc rapidly transported
to Plattsburg, where they will remain over night, taking
the majestic steamers " Vermont " and " Horicon," of the
Champlain Transportation Co. next morning, which
form a day line in either direction passing through both
lakes going south; they leave Piattsburgh every morning,
Sundays excepted, via Port Kent. Ausable Chasm,
Burlington and May Landings, reaching Fort Ticon-
deroga, at noon (dinner after arrival), here the tourist
can take an observation car around Mt. Defiance to
Baldwin, Lake George, steamers to Caldwell where
direct connections are made through to Saratoga, Troy,
and Albany, the same afternoon. Passengers who desire
to go through both lakes should leave Montreal by
afternoon train; ; id Saratoga, Piattsburgh, etc., tourists,
leaving these points above referred to, do not pass through
Lake Champlain, but reach Saratoga via Lake George
the same afternoon in time for supper. These vessels are
models of elegance, neatness, and comfort. They are
regarded as second to none on. the continent for their
power and safety, the perfect accommodation they afford,
their spacious staterooms and cabins, and the sumptuous
tables they spread.

Having reached Plattsburg, which modern events have
rendered the most conspicuous point on the Lake, the
tourist will soon discover that a sojourn of more than a
single day will be required for an inspection of its varied
objects of interest. The military works made memorable
in the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, will claim his attention,
nor will he fail to make a pilgrimage to the military
graves, in the cemetery. The drives are delightful, and that
to the Ausable Chasm must not in any event be neglected.

Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ^jc}

The small island lying to the left, on leaving Plattsburg,
was named St. Michael by the French ; it was occupied
after the battle of 1814, as an hospital, and was then
known as " Hospital Island," but is now called " Crab
Island." We immediately after enter Valcour Strait, in
which the first action in 1776 occurred, between the
British and American fleets. The tiny islet south of
Valcour, tradition a; serts, was at an early period occupied
successively by the French and British naval officers, for
the cultivation of vegetables and flowers, and it still bears
the name of "Garden Island." Nearly opposite this
island is situated the Delta of the Ausable River — a sin-
gularly beautiful stream. We next reach Port Kent, an
important landing-place for the rich valley of the Ausable
River. It is five miles from the flourishing village of
Keeseville, and three miles from the Ausable Chasm.
This wonderful'work of nature attracts yearly increasing
crowds of visitors. It has been truly said that a view
of this scene rewards a voyage from Europe ; the pen and
the pencil equally fail in attempts to adequately delineate
it, — to be appreciated, it should be deliberately explored
and surveyed. No traveller in pursuit of pleasure, or de-
sirous to examine the phenomena of nature, should omit
to devote a sufficient time to the inspection of this most
interesting spot. It is formed by the egress of the
Ausable River, from the northern end of the Adirondack
Mountains into Lake Champlain. The river has carved
a channel in some places reaching a depth of two hundred
feet, leaving precipices of every shape towering above the
dark water. At one place the river is compressed to a
breadth of only ten feet. The waters dash madly through
their confined channel and are precipitated over falls^

38o All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

AUSABtE CHASM,

All-Ronmi Route and Panoramic Guide. 381

cascades, and rapids, the first fall bein^ twenty, and the
second, sixt> feet high. The length of the Chasm proper
is nearly two miles, and its sides and top are fringed with
cedars, which cast a sombre shadow over it, and add to
its mysterious grandeur. The Ausable Company have
made extensive improvements to facilitate access to and
easy exploration of this wonderful gorge. The chasm
may be reached, via Port Kent from J^urlington or
Plattsburg, from Keeseville, or the depot at Peru ; or
a particularly pleasant route is enjoyed by a drive
of twelve miles from Plattsburg along the margin
of the Lake. The Delaware & Hudson Railway issue
tickets every season, permitting passengers to stop off
at Plattsburg, and visit the Chasm.

Mount Trembleau, a graceful promontory interesting
as being the last spur of the Alleghanies upon the Lake,
stands immediately south of Port Kent. The steamer
now enters upon the vvidest portion of the lake. A
panoramic view is here unfolded, which blends, in rare
felicity and beauty, the wildest magnificence with the
most exquisite loveliness ; the waters spread out in a
broader expanse than the eye can easily embrace, and
are broken, and embellished by countless islands and
headland. Burlington reposes in tranquil beauty in the
east, and beyond are delineated the outlines of the Green
Mountains, with the profile of each summit clearl)- defined
upon the horizon. In the west, Lion Mountain and the
broken groups of the Adirondacks pierce the sky in
unnumbered peaks. At times, when we contemplate the
western sky, in the declining day, and the atmosphere is
radiant with the beams of the setting sun, the scene
becomes grand and gorgeous beyond description, — earth

382 AU.Ro„„d Route and Pamramk Guide.
and air mountains an.l lak-os, arc ball,al in a (rioriou,

horc^ s and., a massive lighthouse which is erected on a
reef and seems to arise from the bosom of the water
Burl,n,ton appears to peculiar advantage as we app^ ch

be ,;:fT'?°":. "'"""'>' ^^'^ "-"'^"•"^ -''-for .h

prosperity. Many of ,ts public edifices and private nian-
Mons arc among the finest of graceful „d el " t
architecture. Almost in the track of the stean.er fh
southern route, "Rock DunH.-r" , i.- u ":'^' """^"^

H^. from the lake, iust^fy^ Lll^^o r;:!^'

7l °^^'!^7'^'" '■'-•^"^d upon the beautiful waters of the
^ke established by treaty as the boundary between he
Mohawks and their hereditary enemies, the Algonquins
Soon after, Shelburn Bay will be observed, a deep in
dentation on the left This ;. ti, . u- ^

Steamboar Cr. i I ^"""^ shipyard of the

colto r • Z " "'"^ '""'''"'' 'heir vessels, and
collect their condemned hulks, here to fall into decay
The vas form of Mount Mansfield towers remotely Tn'

de:c;°alT- °". *--'-" "-on, the tourist'w
descry a lofty peak jutting up from the Green Mountains
The imagining of a slight fancy will delineate the " King
of Beasts reposing amid the clouds, his erect head, his
flowing „, , , d huge rocky paws. The French c lied

slet^ lying nearly at the cardinal points, designated by
*?Fo 'b' "I^'-^-q-fe-venuts," arenowkil ^

h t A : 1 °"'"''- ^""^ '^''^ '^'^"d^ Arnold fought
h.. last battle with Carlton. At the foot of the long

All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide, 3 83

peninsula on the western sliore, nou- named Willsboro'
Point, IS the mouth of an important stream, the Bouquet
river, embowered by trees and bushes. This was the
sight of Gilland's colony in 1765. and the scene of
Burgoynes famous Indian Treaty. Soon after we pass
the beautiful village of Essex. Three miles beyond, and
near the Light House we are approaching, is a remark-
able natural curiosity. This is "Split Rock," ( oehe
f endue of the French), a naked cone separated from the
mainland by a narrow fissure, and seems to have been
carved from the rock itself. We next reach the pleasant
village of Westport. Nine miles beyond, we stop at the
thriving village of Port Henry, where the immense pro-
duct of the iron ore beds of that district is shipped in
every direction. In the passage from Essex the dark
sierra of the Green Mountains is distinctly revealed
racing a marked outline upon the horizon, while diV
located spurs of the Adirondacks are occasionally pro-
tected from the mountains beetling into the lake, but
their rough and rugged forms do not betray the inex-
haustible wealth teeming in their bosoms. Directly south
of Port Heniy, across Bullwagga Bay, is situated the
Peninsula of Crown Point. Chimney Point, which was
occupied by the French in 173 1, and the ruins of Crown
Point, are on opposite sides of the lake, and separated
by a narrow passage ; there the expanse of the lake ter
minates and the long river-like channel, which continues
to Whitehall, commences. When we contemplate the
silence- and repose which now rests upon Crown Point
we can hardly realize that, in a former epoch, it was
animated by the pomp and glories of war, or that it was
once the mart of a large commerce, conducted by a busv

384 All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide..

population. We soon pass the draw of the railroad
bndge, a work of great importance and interest. The
tounst w,ll next perceive the venerable ruins of old

rifff JT' °r^"=°"'^'''-°g»' 'ooming up on a high rocky
chff at the confluence of the waters of Lakes George and
Champian,. Mount Defiance stands on the opposite of
the former, and,;Mount Independence on the eastern
.hore of the Lake. Ticonderoga is now the southern
term„,us of the Stean.boat Line, and here connection is
made w,th drains to Lake George, or to Whitehall,
Saratoga, and southern points.

The completion of the railroad line between Lakes
George and ChamplaJn i. an attractive feature of the
Lake George route, as a tedious stage ride is avoided.
There are two daily lines of steamers each way through
Lake George to Caldwell. ^

V ^V ^'^''f^'^^^^ the tourist can take passage to New
/ork by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.ys R R to
. roy and Albany ; thence by rail or river, to New York.

TO LONG BRANCH, ROCKAWAY, CONEY

iSLAxND, MANHATTAN BEACV, OCEAN

GROVE AND CAPE MAY.

v^OURISTS desiring to visit the far-famed resorts of

^WJ the Northern New Jersey coast, should take at New

th r TV^^ ^''' ^°'^ ""^ ^^"^ ^^^"^"h Division of
the Central Railroad of New Jersey, starting from the foot
of Liberty Street or the steamboat from Pier No. 8 North
River, and connecting at Sandy Hook with the New Jersey
Southern Railroad to Philadelphia. Admirable facilities
are offered by the Pennsylvania Railroad during the sum
mer season ; three express trains, with parior cars attached

AU-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 385

run between Philadelphia and Long Branch daily. The
route js by the New York Division to Monmouth June!
on thence over the old Freeholc and Jamesbury Rail-
road to seag,rt, and from this point over the Central
Railroad of New Jersey to Long Branch. On Saturday
an extra tram leaving Philadelphia after noon will reac^h
Long Branch (93 miles) in two hours and sixteen min-

..Th.! ?.t"""lT'°^"' °" *" Long Branch Division
.s the best that the Pennsylvania Railroad affords. The

the r' H^'.^'o""^ R-'™''d Company, lessee of
Philad T r\ ^""''■"'^'^ -- fi-t-class trains from
Ph,lade.ph,a directly to Long Branch, Ocean Grove, etc
vm Elizabeth and the New York and Long Branch Di^
v.s,on of the Central Railroad, especially for the sea-shore
busmess. During the present summer the Company pro-
poses to mcrease its facilities. ' ' ' t'

If the tourist should decide to leave New York from

o;:l ;■ ■ r^"" ^''''- ^''^^ °' '^^^'^ s*-')- - eith"

01 the first-class steamers, which make during the "season"
some SIX or seven trips daily between New York and
Long Branch, he will first view the many beautiful sights
™.ch make New York Bay the most famous harbo! in

r t trw-n- *' ''" "^ ^^"^ ^°^^'^"°^''* I^'-d, with old
Cattle W,lham m the foreground. On the right Gibbett
and Bedlois Islands, all fortified to the water's edge Sail-
ing on, we view over our left bow the Long Island shore,

XT^Kr^l ''"'^'"' "^ ^'y ^''^^'- ^""Ided with
villa.s R,ght ahead are the stately hiils of Staten Islan d
and on our approach to the " Narrows," the gate to the
Atlantic Ocean, our attention is called to Fort Tomkins
and the granite walk of Fort Richmond, and its outlyin-
batter.es on our right, while on our left stands Fort
r5

386 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

Lafayette, grim, silent, and isolated, and back of it the for-
midable fortification of Fort Hamilton. Beyond these,
to the south-east, is Coney Island, and still further on we
obtam a distant view of Rockaway. Entering the lower
bay, a sort of miniature ocean, we pass incoming and
outgomg vessels of all sizes and of all nations, from the
fisherman's sloop and pleasure yacht to the stately
Cunarder, and after about an hour's delightful sail from
New York we reach

SANDY HOOK, or the "HORSESHOE,"
one of the finest and safest harbors in the ivoHd. Here
we may see, at times, a hu- ired sail anchored, awaitii.g
the safety signals of " Old rrv,i>"to venture out to sea.
In a few moments passengers and baggage are trans-
ferred to a train of comfortable cars, and we are soon
speeding through a dense growth of luxuriant cedars and
holly on the Government Reservation.

Passing Highlands, Seabright, Monmouth Beach, in
one and a half hour's time from New York, our train rolls
mto the depot of the " Brighton of America," and durin-
President Grant's eight years of office popularly known
as the " summer capital."

LONG BRANCH.

|ONG Branch is one of the most fortunate, as far as
position, accessibility and climate are concerned,
•of the watering-places on the Atlantic coast, and
with these advantages at the outset, it has naturally be-
come one of the most famous resorts of the fashionable
and wealthy society of New York and Philadelphia. As a

A!l.Ro,md Route and Panoramic Guide. 387

.ummer retreat it is less expensive than Newport and
Saratoga, and quite as beautiful as either. Society
t here, ,s generally mo re denmcratic; fashion decrees no

rigid course of conduct,
and is therefore less exact-
ing of her votaries, than
at many other resorts in
which the fashionable world
takes no greater interest.
The site of Long Branch
is upon a bluff which af-
fords a splendid drive over-
looking the sea. The cli-
mate is as delightful as that
of any other part of the
New Jersey coast ; which
is saying quite sufficient in
its favour. The interior of
the country is fertile and
pleasant. There are no salt
marshes or sandy plains in
the neighborhood, and as
the hotel-keepers say, no
mosquitoes ; in fact. Long
Branch is as well suited to
rest and recreation for the
weary, as to the pleasures
and pastimes which city
folks quite as often seek in

going to the country or
sea-shore for the summer.

These natural advantages are adjacent, and within easier

388 ^i^-Roimd Route and Pa7ioraniic Guide.

access than any other watering-place, to the commercial
centres-New York, and Philadelphia. The remarkably
safe sea-bathing facilities, an entire immunity from an-
noying insects and other causes combined, have elevated
this notable resort to the first rank in the country. The
" Bluff" here finds no parallel upon the Atlantic coast,
extendmg, as it does, five miles continuously, and at an
elevation of not less than twenty feet above the beach
from which it rises abruptly ; the plateau behind formi
the famous - ocean avenue " drive, and constitutes a de-
hghtful promenade, with paths and broad walks, through
grec. sward and summer-houses in front of hotels and
cottages. The natural healthfulness of Long Branch and
Its surroundings are well-known. Bounded by the At-
lantic ocean on the east, by well-drained and fertile farm-
ing lands on the south and west, and by the Shrewsbury
river and its branches on the north, supplied with pure
water by its securely constructed water- works, it possesses
every requisite for a salubrious locality. A dozen first-class
hotels lining the bluff, with many others on the avenues
leading back from the ocean, give ample accommodation
for all comers.

Pleasure Bay is the most delightful boating locality in
the vicinity of the Branch. It is reached by a short drive
of a mile and a half, and presents a most inviting appear-
ance to the devotee of aquatic :,ports. Oysters, crabs,
clam-bakes, &c., are here served up in a style of cuisine
that is seldom equalled.

The drives are, beyond question, the finest of any sea-
side resort, and so numerous and varied that one can
select a different route for almost every day in the
"season," without their becoming in the least monotonous.

All-Round Route aud Panoramic Guide. 389

One of the attractive features of the " Branch " during the
months of July and August is the races, under the l^l
t,on of the Monmouth Park Association, on their track"
O eanport. It ,s by far the best in America, being aful
m,le, w,th wide sweeping turns, and visible in every por-
tion from the grand stand ; its homestretch is a strafght
dash of a quarter mile, and cannot be equalled. It affords
plenty of room for the large field of horses for wh ch
l^ong ^.anch .meetings are famous.

on^L%'°""'r '^ 'f "'' '■"'^ ^'"■'=«l^'Ph'-«. will continue
on the ram from Long Branch, passing through many
pleasant villages to Camden (opposite Philadelphia), with^

cally, th,s Ime of travel, between New York and Phil-
adelphia, w,ll be found delightful. We will now call the
tounsts attention to a few of the n.ost popular summer
resorts m the vicinity of these cities.

LONG ISLAND.
IT is not long since the opinion was given to the world
m that the mterior of Long Island contained nothing
"*- of greater mterest to the tourist than heaps of desert
sand and forests of low shrub-trees left unfinished by the
Creator and neglected by man. The Island was recog-
nized a few years ago as a geographical fact, and that
■vas all. Its northern shores were notable chiefly as the
boundary of the waters of the Sound, while its southern
ones had become familiar to .vu-spaper readers through
ternble and frequent marl,..: ,):.asters. The past three
years, however, have worked a wonderful change in the
fortunes of Long Island. Thousands of people have ex-
plored It from end to end ; tourists have found there ail

390 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

the delights of pure country air and the finest beaches in
the country ; artists in exploring its coasts have found
an inexhaustible field for sketching, while business men
have just come to a realization of its south-western
shores, their accessibility to New York, and the conveni-
ent and delightful escape ther." afford from the enervating
atmosphere of the over-heated city. The unsavory re-
putation of old Loney Islaml is too recent a memory
soon to be forgotten, and the growth of the Island dur-
mg the past three years, until it has become the foremost
of American watering-places, is the more remarkable, be-
cause it is unparalleled in the history of our summer re^
sorts. 7 he various railroads and steamboat lines by
which the Island was readied, attested, on several days
of last August, their capacity for moving more than 200,-
000 passengers from New York to Coney Island be-
tween sunrise and sunset. The small island was over-
run by multitudes of people, and those who could find a
seat on the hotel piazzas, Bauer's platform, or the Iron
Pier, were more fortunate than a good many others, who,,
for the want of a resting-place were obliged to move
about with the restless multitude, animated only by a
common purposelessness. The hotel-keepers have learned
several valuable lessons by the experience of last sum-
mer, and the travellers of the present one are likely to
benefit by it. The imperfect drainage, which was a sub-
ject of continued complaint last year, has been overcome,
it is confidently promised, by the erection of a number of
hermetically sealed tahks, which will be cleared as often
as required and by a process of chemical disinfection,
which has been tried with success in the South.

The Brighton Beach Pavilion has been enlarged, and

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 391

the platform in front of the West Brighton Beach Hote
has been extended 160 feet into the sea. Paul Bauer's
Platform, near the Iron Pier will provide seats for about
15,000 persons, and the contiguous band-stand will be
occupied in the afternoon and evening by a first-class
band. One of the most noticeable improvements at
Coney Island is a lawn and flower-garden, which now
extends several hundred feet east from the Brighton
Beach Hotel, covering what was formerly a wide tract
of marsh-land.. Another railroad has b en added to the
traveling facilities. The New York and Brighton
Beach Railroad, from Locust Grove to Coney Island,
has a double steel track, and is thoroughly equipped
with rolling-stock. The time from New York City to
Brighton Beach, over the new road, is only twenty-
seven minutes. The Brighton Railroad, from Hunter's
Point and Platbush avenue, Brooklyn, to the Brighton
Hotel ; Manhattan Railroad, from Bay Ridge and Long
Island City to the Manhattan Beach Hotel ; the Prospect
Park and Coney Island Railroad, from Greenwood to the
West Brighton Beach; the Sea Beach Railroad, from
Bay Ridge to Sea Beach Palace, and the Brooklyn, Bath
and Coney Island Railroad from Locust Grove to Coney
Island, now offer first-class facilities for summer travel
about the first of June. The flotilla of steamboats running
between Coney Island and New York will begin their
half-hourly trips early in the season. There will be
an independent line of steamers during the summer
running between Coney Island and Long Branch ; and
another, making hourly trips between Rockaway and
Coney Island. Rockaway, with its fine beach and pure
air, has its numerous votaries as well as Coney Island.

392 AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide.

It is plentifull)^ supplied with hotels and attractions, and
has extensive railway communication with New York
Greenport. a quiet little seaport town at the eastern
termmus of the Long Island Railroad, will take a pro-
mment place this season among Long Island resorts
through a new summer route to Newport, via Greenport.
Express trains will leave Long Island City and Brooklyn
about noon, arriving at Greenport(94 miles) in two
hours and a quarter, connecting there with the steamer
for Block Island, Newport, Martha's Vineyard and Nan-
tucket. The sea journey to Newport occupies about
four hours. Returning, the boat will leave Newport in
the mornmg, connecting with a fast express at Greenport
the passengers arriving at New York after a six hours
and a half journey from Newport. The summer arrange-
ment of trains on the Long Island Railroad will probably
provide for three express trains each way, making only
one stop between Lc^g Island City, Brooklyn and
Greenport. Steamers ^ ' make daily trips across the
bounds to New Londou and New Saybrook, at the
mouth of the Connecticut River, and towards the interior
the eye is greeted with green fields and prosperous West
Jersey farms, a striking contrast to the wastes of sand or
unwholesome marshlands which summer travellers have
so often to gaze upon in approaching the sea-shore. Rail-
road trains whiri their passengers through the pretty
village, giving glimpses here and there of hotels great and
small, spacious country residences, and long shady avenues
bordered by cosy cottages. At length the passenger is
set down at the West Jersey Station, and the clear blue
waters of the Atlantic tumble in on the white beach fairiy
at his feet. From the broad walk, which extends along

Ali-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 393

the beach from the railroad station to the Stockton and
Congress Hall hotels, a fair idea of the town may be had.
It is a bright picture, pervaded with an air of refinement
and prosperity and full of hope for the pleasure-seeker.
The fire which destroyed so large a portion of Cape May.
m the winter of 1878-79, was speedily repaired. New
and finer hotels rose from the ashes of the old ones, and
were in readiness even by the opening of ti.e season of
1880 ; hence the aspect of Cape May from the beach is
one of prosperity and life ; the new buildings give the im-
pression of a newly created watering-place, while the con-
tiguous grounds show the advantage of the care and atten-
tion that have been bestowed upon them for years. The two
largest hotels on the island are the Stockton and Congress
Hall (reconstructed for the summer season), both of which
have accommodation for about 800 guests, and are, in
every sense, first-class hotels. The facilities for reaching
Cape May have been vastly improved, and if the season
IS as prosperous as it promises to be, the Vv^est Jersey
Railroad will need all the advantages of its excellent
rolling-stock and fine road-bed to meet the demands
made upon them. The summer arrangement of trains on
the West Jersey will probably provide for express trains
leaving Philadelphia at convenient hours, both in the
morning and in the afternoon. The time between Phila-
delphia and Cape May {81 miles) is only two hours.
Returning, express trains will leave Cape May probably
about the same time during the day as last season. In
addition to these there will be an accommodation train
each way. The rolling-stock of the West Jersey has been
increased by a large number of new summer excursion
cars, built on the admirable model of the new cars used

394 All-Roimd Route and Pamnimic Guide,

in the fast express service of the New York Division of
the Pennsylvania Railroad. One of the pleasantest routes
to Cape May during the summer months is by the lar^re
excursion steamer •• Republic," which will leave Race
Street Wharf early in the morning, and, after a pleasant
trip down the Delaware, reaches Cape May Point about
noon. A narrow gauge runs to Cape May City, five
miles distant. Leaving the Point again about three
o'clock the " Republic," arrives at Philadelphia early in
the evening. Baltimore sends to Cape May quite as
large a portion of her fashionable world as comes from
Philadelphia. The society at the Island is bright, animat-
ed, refined and hospitable, as it can afford to be, for the
visitors at Cape May belong to the best class of summer
travellers. The " season " opens at the Stockton Hotel,
in June every summer.

Atlantic City, situated on the Atlantic coast, sixty
miles south-east of Philadelphia, has a resident population
during the summer months slightly exceeding that of
Cape May, but the transient visitors in the height of the
season fairly outstrip that of any watering-place south of
Coney Island. It was opened to the public a little more
than a quarter of a century ago, and since then it is
indebted for its rapid growth and steadily increasing
popularity to an unusually fine climate, both in winter
and summer, a good beach, generous hotel accommoda-
tions, and the admirable facilities the Camden and
Atlantic Railroad have always offered for going there.
The adjacent coast is 'broken into many inlets and bays,
which now afford the best opportunities for boating, fish-
ing and gunning, sports that bring hundreds of visitors to
Atlantic City every year. The improvements made

All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 395

last season are likely to work a wonderful change
in the fortunes of Atlantic City— a change that was
anticipated n' the scores of new buildings which were
constructed there. In addition to the Camden and
Atlantic Railroad, and the Philadelphia and Atlantic
City Narrow Gauge Railroad, which transported
thousands to and from the sea-shore every day
of last season, the We Jersey Railroad opened last
summer a new railroad to Atlantic City, from Camden,
by way of Newfield, a station on the West Jersey (Cape
May) Railroad, about thirty miles from Philadelphia. The
new railroad opened in 1880, from Newfield to Atlantic
City is thirty-four miles in length, laid with steel rails
and on a road-bed prepared for the fastest express trains.
The new railroad, which is about four miles longer from
Philadelphia than the Camden and Atlantic, reaches
Atlantic City, at the junction of Atlantic and Baltic
avenues, the station fronting on both streets. Trains leave
Camden (from Philadelphia by Market street ferry) for
Atlantic City over the West Jersey Railroad at con-
venient hours during the day, and they run five fast ex-
press trains over the new railroad between Philadelphia
and Atlantic City every day. One stop is made at New-
field, and the running time does not exceed one hour
and a half. On the other hand, the Camden and Atlantic
Railroad, is well equipped with new rolling-stock, a well-
ballasted track, has a new and large station at Camden,,
and a new iron ferry-boat crossing the Delaware Trom
their station at the Vine street wharf to Camden, and
will open this season, better prepared than ever, to meet
the tide of summer travel. Four express' trains run tO'
Atlantic City daily, without a stop. The running time

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39^ All-Roimd Route and Panoraviic Gindc.

is less than ninety minutes. The cheapest route to the
sea-shore is by the Narrow Gauge Railroad from Cam-
den. Express trains run each way daily. A multitude
of travelers were accomodated by this road last season ;
and at the popular excursion rates offered, the luxury of
a trip to the sea-shore, and a bath in the surf, is within
reach of the smallest purse.

Anglesea, or Five Mile Beach, a few miles above Cape
May on the Jersey coast was last season taken in hand
by an improvement company who now endeavor to bring
the many advantages of the place into public notice. A
new narrow gauge railroad will connect Anglesea with the
West Jersey Railroad track near Cape May Court House.
Barnegat Inlet, on the coast midway between Long
Branch and Atlantic City, has become famous through
its blue fish. The arrival of the first school, generally
about the last of the month of May, is the signal for hun-
dreds of sportsmen and business men to pack off for the
sea-shore. The route from New York is by the New
Jersey Southern Railroad to Barnegat, by way of Man-
chester, and from Philadelphia the sportsmen may go by
the Pennsylvania Railroad from Camden to Whitings,
and from this point by the Tuckerton Railroad to
Barnegat.

Beach Haven is another of the resorts on the Jersey
coast which have sprung into popularity within a few
years. It is situated on Long Beach, a small sandy pro-
montory running parallel with the Jersey coast and
separated from it by Little Egg Harbor Inkc. This
inlet affords every opportunity for boating and fishing
without the danger of the open sea and powerful surf
which rolls in on this exposed coast. Across the pro-

All-Round Route and Patiormnic Guide. 397

montory the surf may be seen in all its glory. Beach
Haven contains four well-kept hotels, easily accommodat-
ing a thousand visitors. Steamers connect Beach Haven
with Barnegat, and thence the route to the north and
west is the same.

The Long Beach Hotel is again this year under the
management of Mr. R. H. Southgate, so favorably known
for his management of Congress Hall, Saratoga, and the
Windsor Hotel, Montreal. A number of cottages have
been erected in the neighbourhood of the Hotel for
families, and immediately on their completion were taken
by fashionable people ; and several New York Clubs
have also built summer quarters on the Beach. In fine,
everything points to Long Beach, and the Hotel, be-
coming the most fashionable resorts on Long Island.

Ocean Grove, six miles above Long Branch, is a reser-
vation controlled by ministers and members of the
Methodist Episcopal Church of New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania. It is resorted to during the summer by quite a
number of ecclesiastics, and christian families. No in-
toxicating drinks are permitted on the grounds, and boat-
ing, bathing and drinking are strictly prohibited on the
Sabbath. During the Camp Meeting season, the village
is crowded to its utmost capacity, many of the visitors
living in tents and other temporary structures upon the
beach and in the adjoining groves. The passenger traffic
at this point, during the summer season, is larger than to
any other resort on the New Jersey coast, between Long
Branch and Atlantic City.

AsHBURY Park and Ocean Beach adjoin Ocean
Grove, the one on the north, the other on the south,
and are both largely patron 'zed.

398 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide.

NEW YORK.
Here we are again at New York But K f

our hat to the departing reader, with the hope that tL
tnp here ended has been a pleasant one " ^ m.
senses, different objects strike;" but we think htfC
been something of a sort to please all M.n 7
pursuit and of every variety of' taste, will hav bln^S

. xten. o';' !r '■'^ P-"'- ■^""by ; for, although '

extent of ground traversed mav not ^P^m .

otherwise might appear, from the^^imna^ofr ^I^^

thou"rhr~rr'' ^'*' '"■" *^ ^- exprLion giv : ,;

thought, and the amount of enterorise Lc\,\ a .■
2. eve^where met with, there^ pe;har LTI 'bet,:
field open for examining the working meris of the Tf
ferent schemes which have been from time otim.
po^ed as affording solutions of the imp^^ant quS^f
mtional education, workmen's associftions, clo^:

»h^V''! "u""'''' '^~"°'"i=<t there has been, therefore
abundant subject for fruitful study; and the prospects rf

To the geilogist no tract of country could well be
fo ndmore replete with interest than th'at we have tra!

her sublime t u™"^'' '""'^ '° ^^^ *'* ™'"- ■"

her subl mest aspects ; he has been admitted, as it were

to view the arcana of her great workshop, ad the va^

All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. 399

cuttings scooped out by the powerful force exerted
through successive ages on a h'mestone formation, by a
stupendous power like Niagara as well as the tiny "stri^ "
or ice grooves, that to this day mark, with unerring line, the
course of the Northern glaciers, as, in ages still more re-
mote, they ground down the greater portion of the
North American continent.

The artist and sportsman have also no reason to com-
plain of the bill of fare offered for their special enjoy-
ment. The former could hardly study in a better school
than that he has just left— a school that has produced
more than one conscientious interpreter of its own
peculiar '' genre r And the latter will, on his journey
round, have been able to inspect the spoils of many a
game-bag and fishing basket.

The student of life and character will have occasion to
notice many novelties ; and the strange mixture of the
two languages in Canada, by the ''habitants;' as they are
called, ivill astonish his ideas of euphony. His pure
French, if such, perchance, he can command, will not un-
frequently prove " caviare " to these swarthy folks, but,
perhaps, nothing will have more effect on him than the
first sight obtained of the Red Man, as he appears in the
streets of our cities in this the 19th century—" O, quantum
mutatus ab illo" he will exclaim, from that romantic-
looking creature clothed in a scanty allowance of " fig-
leaf, " who used to be served up for the delectation of our

infantile minds in the pages of old Peter Parley when

he sees the Indian Chief of his boyhood, so strangely
modified by the Darwinian system of Natural Selection,
into a smooth-faced, oily-haired, individual, clad in paper
collar, Eureka shirt, and extensive wide-awake.

400

All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide,

We have endeavored to describe foifhr, ii
the .outes over which we C:^^^^:;"^^^-

us greater than that possessed by us and „„.■
.f combined with those already given would , '

enhan .devalue of our Guide ^we' Zl^XlZo.
•nation from those best able to afford it ,nH
that so far as the hmits of the woSaJ irlrthT"""
shall be given in future editions to^™;' "th:

rs rLeit^rhr;tho^-r "

taUen up and the avocatirr^um fdThirLX

jirnct o/tii- nLTwiif r ^^^"° '^^

Tefni^trth-'-T""— ^^^^^^

«^-chha::trv:irt:wi^^^^^^^^^^^^^

makinHH 'T.^' "''°'" "^ "^^ conducted „

farewell, hoping to renew his acquaintance in traversing
larger and more extended route next year '"^"'""^^

ide.

nd correctly
•any. There
-ular points
. and such,
«Id greatly
» ask infor-
ve promise
t, the same
lends, the
opolis of
of routes
safely ac-
nce more
h for the
1 vigor, as
^st to the
weetened
lich have
f nature
at to the
cted in
mporary
/•ersing a