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After onr lino was finished I took two Indians and a canoe and made a cache Dp the North Fork of the FrSHcr, where we go next winter to explore a eopposed gap in the Rocky Mountains, known as the Smoky River Pass. The North Fork joins the Fracer River gome 60 miles from Fort George and I went up the N. Fork fiome 30 miles till a canon prevented my further progress. I then cached the bacon and flour and returned down stream to this place. Queenelle is (by the River) b2 mi lea below Fort George and there are two canons in that distance, both of which we passed through without difSculty. The party (Divn. M.) went down by stage and steamer to Victoria while Jarvia (in charge) and I are waiting here for cold weather. When the river tnkes a notion to freeze we ttart at once. Quesnelle is a queer sort of a place with a btrange mix* tuie of several kinds of people. Most of the inhabitants have been miners and go into other business when their coin runs short. The Hotel is kept by Brown and GiUis, who do things in first class style and charge $3.50 per diem tor doing it. Drinks, beer or otherwise, 25 cents per glat'S, very small glasses. Gillis is a native of P. E. It^land and a good fellow he is. As Jarvis is also a P. E. lelander and I a Blue Blue nose, we are great friends of Gillis. The butcher in this town is also from the Lower ProvincoH, being a Haligonian ; his brother is organist in one of our churches there and poor Mike (Hagarty) has gone into the meat business having failed in the mines. There are several stores here, Re&d's, Girod's and Enong Lee's being the most important. Fcad ib a capital fellow and keeps a lot of good ciguis for his own and friend's use. Girod is a Frenchman and hot after money. Kuong Leo tho Chinese firm do a very largo business in all sorts of gocds, they have on hand a lot of Green Ginger and bcverai kinds of fruit which I had never seen before, but which I -like exceedingly. Like the other merchants, they are very good at " setting it out" for their customers. We are hero only GO miles from Cariboo the great mining region of 6. C. and the E. end of the sta^o road and telegraph line. Thoy are doing well up at Cariboo just now and each week's mail brings down more gold dunt than I'd like to carry ; it goes to Victoria and is there told to the fcankf, who either sell it, or tend it to San Francisco to be coined. I may add that the Victoria company took 1,100 ounces out of their mine last week and it has been doing rcaily as well as thai for eomo time. Gold is worth 81tJ per oz, Wo have been here since the 20th October, and are getting very sick of it. We have a telegraph wire from tho main office to the office of the hotel, and Jarvis and 1 practice a few hours each day ; I havo become quite an operator, and shall keep at it till I am a better one. We take a walk each day to keep our muscles in order, for though wo make light of the coming trip, it is going to be rather a tough one. In the evening we either spend the time in Read's store with cigars and talk, or sit Around the huge stove in Brown & Gillis' with our pipes, and libten to tho yarns of the miners, who aro always ready to tell a good one. I like Quesnelle very much indeed. It is slow enough, but the follows aro jolly and independent, and the yrub m)od. The population is, I forgot to say, about 100, including Chinamen and Indiana, breorge fa Rnd very season is Kod Rive name is sleds loa( and fat. muzzled and start see the wouldn't and the people ni where hi the peop doleful 1 appreoia 3rd, and to the si George, Mr Deai I w tinne fro teams p for us," exalted we hear words yi will Bee despond having I was hill; being tb struck fi load bell also wer Tht the star On the sleds W( 1 might got whi< thonce 1 200 mil( , ationh. f the com i from th Ruch a \ On the 0X1 Deoembor 7th, '74, Wu have conoladed to abandon the idea of going to Fort breorge by the river, and take the trail for it, though the latter is a gocxi deal longer and very much the harder road, bat the river shows no sign of being frozen, and as tlie season is getting on wo must go. We had engaged an Indian (Johnny) and a young Bod Biver quarter- breed, who has been in British Columbia some two years; his name is Aleo McDonald. Wo had also bought two teams of dogs (8), and got the sleds loaded for a start to-morrow. The dogs look first rate, being large, long-haired and fat. One, "Chun," is a tearer; wo bought him from an Indian, who had him muzzled to ensure safety. Alec and I got him and fastened a lon^- stick to his neck, and started to take him to the hotel. Of course the 100 Qaesnoilites turned out to see the fun, and they made it lively for us, with advice bow co treat a doa; who wouldn't come where he was wanted. In the midst of it poor " Chun " got loose, and the way he cleared that sidewalk was a caution to dog fanciers ; some of the people nearly got into the river in their fright, while Chun went o(f to the bush, where he was captured next day. Our dogs hud made it rather uncomfortable for the people here, who prefer to sleep at night instead of being kept awake by the doleful music of eight good howlers. But you ought to hear train dogs f ing to appreciate their feelings. My train is " Marquis " leader, *' Cabreo " 2nd, " Sam " 3rd, and '* Buster " 4th. The dogs are harnessed one before the other, and fastened to the sled by traces only ; I mean there ai*e no shafts. I'll write you from Fort George, where we hope to be in a week or so. Yours, 0. F. H. Fort George, B.C., 19lh Doc, 1874. Mr Dear Edward,— I wrote you on the eve of our departure from Quosnello and I now con- tinue from that point. Wo got away from QuesnoUo on the 8i,h about 12 noon with teams pretty well loaded with grub and other supplies. B^n Gillis "sot it out for us," and the whole town turned out to bid us "Godspeed." They had a very exalted idea of the plcacuro to be derived from our trip across the mountains and we heard many prophecies in regard to our going to destruction. In fact the lu»t words we heard were " God bless you old fallows — good-bye ; this ia the last time we will eee you," &c., &c., not a very pleasant starter but wo tame off in no very desponding frame of mind. We found the trail for a short dintanco very good, it having been kept broken by some ranch men who live a short diutance above, but it was hilly and side hill av that, HO that with upsets, broken sled and other disasters being the results, we fonnd ourselves at dark only 3 miles from Quoanelle. We struck for the last house and got to Pollock's at 6, rather used up and having left one load behind. Pollock was kind and gave us a supper and a place for the dogs who also were played out. The next day wo mended broken sleds and broke a track u few miles out so that the start might be a good one. I alKO went back and brought up the cached fled. On the lOih wo made a fresh start, and left some of our stores at Pollock's, as the sleds were altogether too heavy for such a trail as this promised to turn out, and hero I might hay a word about the trail. It was built by some telegraph company (I for- get which) who proponed to run a telegraph line up north to Bchriiig's Straits and thence to Asia by a short cable. The line was actually in workiug order for t-omo 200 miles, when the news of the success of the Atlantic cable put a stop to the o|ifr- atiouK The director and promoters of the scheme died of the disappointment, uiul tlie company left everything as it then was. The wire now hangs broken and twisted from the posts, the greater part of the offices are burned down und the only result of Ruch a vast expenditure of money is tho trail wo take on our way to Fort Gcuigo. Ob the 10th wo took a final leave of civilization and started off. After a hard day t ^1 '1 ^:. e tl ozll wo niiiiJo carap only 7 milos from PoUook's or 10 miles from QuoHnolle. Oar cum|) M'lis most primitive, being a piooo of otton thrown over poles atuok in th« 6D0W nl )ping lofcardB the tiro. Tbid nerved to keep the wind from our heads at any rate ami wo certainly wore able to enjoy a good sloop uftor the day's labours. On tbo I3tb we were 45 milos from Quesnello, having bad some fearfully bad trail over side bill and deop snow. Of course side hills aro good enoogh for mule trains liu'u when j'ou try dogs you will find thoy won't work worth a cent. The dogs go sttaigiii enough but the ^«lod won't keep after them, boim^ more inclined to Hoek tbo valley boiow. So as you can imagine it requires a good deal of work and pati- ence to keep tbo sled in the road while the dogis haul. Tho 13th was Sundu}-, and wo had a very heavy fall of snow, but wore able to make 12 milos that day. As iho >now was row very heavy I gave my train to Johnny and wont ahead with Jurvin, who in addition to the w >rk of breaking tr^ick had boon very busy ail the time counting his stops, so as to got the correct distance. Henccfoi th I shared his labour, aua I can't say that I like pacing distances. Hird work it. is to broak track, but when you have anything to think of it is plea<)anter. But when you walk all duy and think of nothing bat 1, 2 3, &o., &c., it is monoto- nous enough for anything. However, all this is a part and a necessary one of the proposed exploration, and I shan't growl at anything wo have had so far. Wo had a hard bit of work at tho Blackwutor Kiver, 50 miles from Quesnello. Tbo river is bridged by polos and telegraph wire, but on this side it is bare ground and tho hill is very Ateep indeed. The poor dogs did their best to get up, bat the eud of tho mutter was that wo hauled tho loads and thoy looked on. I wont back to my own train, and with three men hauling, we got it up at last, but lam afraid my whip did more than its share ot duty that day. We got on top of the hill abonlnoon, And tiad rest and lunch there. We now had about two foot of Anow, which was very Hoft and clung to our snowshoes in great masses; it was also very hard on the dogs, this wading through snow, only freshly beaten down by two pair of snowshoes. On account of tbo heavy snow we had, on tho Itith, to make another cache (No.2) of provisions, stationery box, &o., and on the 17th one of our sleds rolled down a etcop hide hill, and when recovered wasn't worth much, except as kindling wood. Tho dogs wore all right; how they manao^e themselves I don't know, so we had to cache what stuff we could spare, put some on the one remaining sled, and take the rest OD our backs, the four dogs running with only their harness to trouble them (Cache No. 3.) 1 forgot to mention that after crossing tho Blackwater wo left the telegraph trail, which goes on north, and took a C. P. E. trail to Fort George. This latter is if poBsibie a worse one than the telegraph trail. At noon on the 18tb, as we were At lunch, an Indian from Fort George came along, and in reply to our questions said we wouldn't get to the fort that night, as it was "siah," a long way. This Indian had a small dog, on which heh^d his kettle, blanket and grub, he himself oarrying the axe and somo fuel. Happy thought for us, why not make these beasts of ours do Pome of our work, and take the packs which aro wearing our shoulders away. No sooner said than done, we loaded them and started, Jarvis ahead, coanting one, two, throe, I next, calling along the packed dogs, and Johnny bohind, poking up the lagging ones with a stick. Alec drove the sled behind. It was a comic s'ght to see the dogs who had never packed before, go rolling from side to side with their loads. As sure as one would try to jump a log, tho weight of the load would tumble him back, and if he did manage to get on the top of the log, who weight would tumble hi m forward in the snow, where he would lie till helped up, but they soon got used to it and wore able to follow us, and we went at a good pace, being on a hard track and in a hurry. At any rate we got into Fort George about 5 p.m. that (last) night, though Alec and his train didn't arrive for some hours after. Distance by oor pacing, 125 miles from Quesnelle. By the river it would have been 83 miles. Wo epent 12 days on the way. one of which was at Pollock's. Greatest distance we did was on tho last day, 23 milos. On the way we had used up one sled completely, and the other is fit for nothing now. We mad« three caohas, ooatainiog in all about cxiii two-thirds of our oripioal loadB. This lookn bad for our fatnre journey, of which this is scarcely a bcgiDDinfic> but ihou the road we have come over is a most fearful one, while the river which we will follow irom hero will wo trust be much better. At ary rate, as we expre^ss it, " the country is quite c>afu," moaning; we are quite fiafe. The country between Quosnolle and here is wooded, in some places burnt over, in others green. It is very hilly and broken, and the trail generally runs from the top of one hill to the top of the next, making it first rate for a telegraph line, but very tough on the dogs and us. On tho whole it is the worst place I over saw to do this kind of travelling, and I 8hall never try it again. We found Fort George in charge oi Mr. Bovil, ason of tho Chief Justice of England. With him is staying Charlie Ogden from Stewart's Lake Post. He, the latter, came down to help us get a fair start, and seems very ready to put us in tho way of getting dogs, men, &c. After supper last niirht we lit our pipes, and we spent tho evening discusMing tho plans to be adopted &c., &c. Ogden is pretty well posted in tho country. Bovil is just out from Englaod, and consequently very green in these matters. He is a gentleman and a good cook. As bin rations in the H. B. Co. don't amount to moro than 25 lbs. dried salmon per week, flour and tea in addition, he won't have much chance to exercitio his knowledge of the culinary art At present bo Aas At7/£d one of his working oxtn and we are living well. What he will do for his next year's crop I don't know, but he hates the sight of a dried salmon and I hardly wonder at it. I'll put some more to this shortly. Fort Geoboe, Dec. 20th. On the 19th we had a square loaf of which we all stood in need. Then having on that day got a n«^7 "led and an Indian (Quaw), Alec and Johnny started back to Quesnelle lor tbi s. They left early this morning, Quaw going part of the way. Ho will retuv ui cache No. 3 with articles (books, sextant, &c.) which we want here. Ogden leaves to-moriow for tStewart Lake and he will send down some dogs, dried salmon and sleds from there. Salmon and dogs are scarce articles at Fort George, and as we want them, of course, tho noblo red man won't sell except at exorbitant prices. This shows that civilization has been mailing rapid strides among the Indians of British Columbia. Fort Geoboe, Dec. 26th, 1874. Mt Dear Edwabd, — From the date of my last letter we spent the time reading, smoking and having a very comfortable time generally. Occasionally wo took a walk on the river, which is frozen hard and very good traveling. Getting ready for Xmas was a novelty. We helped Bovil to make a pudding, and he seems to understand tho business perfectly. Christmas day was very cold indeed, bat a very pleasant one nevertheless. \\ e dined at 6 p.m., and I enclose a bill of fare, that you may know that we had grub, if other things were wanting. Soup, clear, (d la Bovil.) Fish, salmon, (dried a la sanvage.) Piece de Bdsistance; roast working ox. Entrees, turkey («t la grouse.) Vegetables, potatoes. Plumpudding and brandy sauce, pipes, tobacco and a glass of brandy and water, to absent friends. Since my last, we have had a few inches of snow, but the weather generally has been fine and very cold. Hy dogs are as lively as crickets and are getting as much salmon as they will eat. The tiip from Quit nelle galled some ehoulders, but they are rapidly getting well ander my caie. A tiain dog ien't very loving but these are very fond of me — ^faeding time. osir Mr Dkar EDvrxHD, — Fort Georqe, January 7, 1875. Aftor 'Xman we began to look for Aleo every day and finally to fear that ordered to follow on his and down the river np re tarn, and ia ho bod fallen into the river which he was Uar time was spent in taking long walks euttiog A trail around some open water a few miles above ; the season is getting on find it begins to look a^ if we wouldn't got off boforo spring. Still we flatter our- NOifes that the "country is quite safe." Today we started an Indian down the river to look ap Aloo, giving him orders to bring him dead or alivo, so I hope we will hoar AOinuthing in a few days more. Wo are O. E , the dog^ ditto. Bovil has a queer Npecimen of a cur which ho fondly imaginrs is well bred. His ful state, having frozen and thawed several times, so he had to be shot and it was done accordingly. Jarvis did the deed and we left tho good old brute at our last night's oamp more comfortable than he has been since he froze his feet. We had fiome hard travelling to-day through the ,Giscome Rapids where open water kept as off the river. All the dogs are lame, very lame. Their feet get wet and the snow sticks to them, then of course the poor brates pull the lumps off with their teeth and in the harry they bite their toes fearfully, but we can't help that and they must go or oxtI Boro or not. 1 can't imagine a qaiokor way to harden a man's heart than to put him drivir^ dogs. Tbis ia Sunday in civilization, the only Ihinj,' wo have to remind an of the fact is the date in our diaricH and I euppoao wo won't huvo one till we got totho oast side of the mountains. Our oump to night ir^ 52 miles from Fort George and about 12 miles below mouth of North Fork. Still very cold indeed. Haninqton's Cache, Camp No. 7, Jany. 20th, '75. Ut Dkar Edward, — Here we are at last, 82 miles from Fort George, in 7 dayp. We came alone f)retty well, though as F said before the dogs were very lame indeed, and the travel- ing bad in many places. Wo saw a ptarmigan on the 18tb, the only one I over came across, a very pretty white bird, smaller than our partridge, ar.d very fond of BDow clad mountains, where it stays in summer. V7 have four foot of snow, and find it hard work to shovel out room for camp, but so f i we have done it alwcyH, it baa been very cold and my poor nose has caught it often. A common wind io summer would ficcze it anyhow I bolieve. These dogs of ours are rather used up, but I have shod most of my three wiih doer skin shoes and they are getting over their lameness. The Chief (Jarvii?) and Quaw now geiievally break track ahead of the trains ; about noon they are sometimes bait' a mile ahead, when they stopto'roake a fire for lunch. N. B. At the first stfoko of tbo axo, dogs which a moment bofore could scarcely crawl, prick up their oais :ind take the load along as if it wore nothing. It's no uso to yell, " ulwa" they won't stop till they get to the fire. I think it would be a good idea to keep a man ahead to chop the dogs along, instead of having one behind for the same purpose. Wo got hero at 9 a.m., and I leave in an hour for Salmon Cache, taking Quaw and Te Jon with me. also two trains empty to bring up a fi^h supply. While we are away, Jarvis, Alec and Johnny are going ahead to brciik track and we hope to hear of the Stewart's Lake trains before wo meet here on my return. There is a good deal of fresh pnow on the ground and the river in consequence is ovei flowed. This as you can understand makes it lively for the dogs, and gives us e:scici6e in hauling dogs as well as in driving them. But I'll close this for the probont as I must leave for Bear Biver. 0. F. n. Salmon Cache, Bear Bivib, 21st January, 1875. Mr Dbar Edward, — I left camp No. 7 yesterday at 11 and with the light trains over very bad snow made 22 miles to last night's camp. I would have gone further than that but Qaaw, portage belOre, at any However, after much climbing, hauling the dogs up and letting them down per- pendicular places by ropes (the truth) we got to Bear Biver at 4 p.m. Distance acrobs portage about 3 miles, which we did in 7 hours hard travellirg, I am mad to- night and have boon giving Quaw a piece of my mind. After getting to Bear Biver, we came up 5 miles acd found the cache in a good state of preservation. Quaw has quite a house here and in it we now sit. Brush on the floor, a good fire and a dry roof overhead, all make a very good picture, which I'd like to sketch. The salmon caches are ontbide in some large pine trees, where the bears and; wolverine cannot get. ■(m CSV 11 HANiNaTON Caoiib, 26th January, 1875. My Dear Edward, — Od the 22nd 1 entered iDto a discuBsion with Quaw as to the benefit 'o be derived from a cLccp sale of salmon. Among oihor thinpH I told him bo wonld certainly have a fair chance of going to Heaven when he died, ail of which bi'ing upoken in l!ic thasto language of tlio Chinook, he took into his heart. The end of it was, that uttor brcakiast ho handed over 650 salmon at 10 cents each, and he also helped to pack them on the two dog fleds. The noble red man is a strange individual. Last Hurnmer when the salmon were running up the river, and wo wanted some, fre>li, Qunw wanted us to pay 81.50 each for them, now after having cnred and dried them ho cells ten f jr one dollar. Quaw says he ha^ been up the pass wo are going' to explore and that it is good, but he won't go as guide at any price I tried him again when at his cache, but no go ; he says " in three days journey you will got to a fork of the N. Fork, take the loft. In two days more ycu will siriko a fall as hiyh as a tree, which you will have to portage aiound. In 5 days moro you will soo meadows and a very small stream running through. After that you will travel 3 day** when yoa will lir.d water running east, and you will see the sun liso out of the prairie." This is a very good prospect for us, if his word can only be depended upon, but IM rather see the od chap go up as guide than hear all his ways and moa'is of getting throu::h the pass. The gieat point is, how long areQuaw's 'suns" or days, but that we'll find nut in time. Well, as I faid before, 1 got the salmon loaded on the sleds and having given Q'law an order on the H. B. Co. for his money (which they will probably pay in goods at fiilO per cent, profit) 1 haid good bye, wishing him success in his trappings, &c., and left. Te .Ton takes one train and I my own and we came around by Hear River, the portage being as I said before ; the travelling on Bear Hiver was very bad and I soon had to make Te Jon drive both trains while I broke track. We got only live miles down river and camped, the dogs being completely played out. I broke track a few miles ahead after wo got comfortable for the night. The next day was a little bettor and wo made Smiles, getting two miles below the mouth of B^ar River, but I had to leave one sled at Bear fiiver, and putting 8 dogs oo the other drove to camp. Then while I made ready for the night. To Jon went back and broui^ht uo lajit sled. In tho evening I broke track ahead. The next day wo found the river frightfnl, the water having overflowed on account of tho heavy pdow. As you c»tn imagine, the lileds btuck fast in th's slush, and we have to get pole?, turn them (the sleds) over and scrape off the bottom?, then we go on a few more yards, when we repeat. It wai* fearful both on men and dogs, and I was delighted when I saw the N. Fork on which hoped to see some remains of the track we made on tho way d )wn ; we got there about 3 o'clock on the 25th, with one sled and 8 dogs hauling, so 1 set Te Jon at the camp and went back for the remaining sled ; 8 dogs make a fine train, I can tell you, but they htivo had such a hard time of it that their spirits are about broken. It w.ia late when I got that sled to camp and it didn't take much cradling to send mo to Bleep. This moi ning I made up my mind to leave one sled here, and wth tho other and all the dogs, go to my cache before night. This I did and we leit camji early. It snowf'd hai-d all day but wo got here at 4 o'clocif, altho' we had some overflowed ice to work with, I forgot to say that three miles from here we found a fresh track and after that wo came in in fine stylo. I found Jarvis and the others here, havint,' returned tod«y from the trip up river. They report a good track ahead now, but to night will till it up 1 think. A heavy snow storm. So far wo have never seen a track remain open more than one day, but this may be an exception to the rule. I have had a squaie feed to-night. iA^y stock of grnb having given out gome lime ago, and my taste for salmon not being developed yet, I have been hungry. Jarvis io sorry that Qaaw didn't come back as guide, but as usual wo agree iu eaying that so far " the country's quite safe." But I'll turn in — good night. G. F. H. 4a— I oxviii Haninqton's Cachs, January 28th, 1875. My Dear Edwabd, — On the 27th Aleo and Johnny, with two trains of dogs, left to bring Dp the Hied I bad cached at the mouth of tho river. It snowed nearly all day and camp was mrHt miserable in conseqaence. This morning we had a consultation and concluded thai the Stewart Lake trains would fail to appear, so as we are bound to get through this pass, we set to work to make a toboc;gan to be drawn by oar- selves. We had it in a good state about 6 P.M. when in came Alec and Johnny with trains, and with them three trains from Stewart's Lake, A very agreeable surprise to UH, I can tell you, trains loaded with salmon anl drawn by good looking dogs. The drivers are Hassiack, Ah kho, and Tsayass, smart looking fellowp. So we are now in good trim and high spirits. We had letters from Bavil, who reports that the pogilintic Indian came to him and aekod to be forgiven, ro they are now friendti and happy. Alec met the trains at the mouth of the river ard they made good time up here ; I am delighted at the arrival, as I never was fond of hauling a toboggan through four or five feet of snow. Jarvis looks happy and relieved in mind. I'll turn in now and finish the night thus. Yours, C. F. H. to Th* Fobk, Camp No. 9, 30th Jan., 1875. Mt Deab Edward, — We spent the 29th in packing the sleds and getting everything ready for a start. We have now 5 trains of 19 dogs. Tiger was shot on the 29ib, as his luraenees prevented him from doing anything but eat grub. We had about one month's grub when we came to examine it; that is one month's fall rations for men and dogs, but we won't use lull rations, so it rauBt la«tt longer. We started bright and early this morning, and found the track, for the most part, drifted full, sometimes it would be visible and then wo made good time, the new dogs doing very well. We had to leave some bacon and beans in my cache, the dogs not being able to take all of it. We did 18 miles to-day, and our camp is at the Forks to-night. If this be the place meant by Quaw when be said 3 days' journey to the Porks, we must have walked very slowly. I believe though that he knows nothing about the country. The ISorth and South branches are here about the same width, 200 feet. Our camp is between the two. Camp No. 12, Fob. 3rd, 1875. Deab Edward, — We followed Quaw's instructions, and took the North Branch. On tho 3 1st we had a blinding Bnowstorm, which filled the track completely and didn't surprise as by doing so. Tho weather has been pretty cold and tho travelling bad now. Took an observation at noon on Ist and made Lat. 54*^ 26' North. On that day Sam's shoulders were so much galled thai the beast couldn't work and was turned out to ron ; on the 2nd we came to- tho conclusion that this sort of work will kill tho dogs completely, so Jarvin started off with one train and three men, while Alec, Johnny and I spent the day waiting for u track to be made. In this country a track made in tho coldest weather will with one night's fro.-t harden so that it will boar dogB and loaded sleds easily ; hence the two parties. I enjoyed the rest very much and did some mending on trowsers and shirts, duplicates of which I have none. This morning I had the camp up long before day and we had to wait for light to show us the dogs. We made good time over a capital track, but it wasn't much use, !) miles up we found Jarvis making a portage around " falls as high as a tree," eo this attcrnoon wo all were at that and got through about 5. The portage is 3 miles loig and after passing the falls we have some very bad canon to go through. The river is open for the most part, and we have only a narrow ledge of ice and snow to CZIX make a track od. On the right rises perpendicalar rock 400 or 500 feet high, on oar left is the river roaring and rashing 20 feet below. This ledcje was formed when the water was high and when the river Hubsidod it was left. High water mark is here some 60 feet above our heads and it must be a grand looking place at high -water. To-night we are all in camp here, where wo returned from pjrtage building. We begin to believe that Quaw is not a liar, sure this fall is as " high as a tree" but his days must have been short. Yours, C. F. H. Camp No. 15, 8th February, 1876. Mr Dkar Edward,— On the 4th we had a very heavy snowstorm, just to make things lively I suppose. Jarvis left early with two men and a very light sled, while the rest oi us spent the day in getting the stuff over the portage and through the canon. It was a bad trail and the late snow hadn't improved it at all. The first trouble was a steep hill, about 150 feet high, and it took us all to get one sled up at a time. The dogs didn't seem to care for the place at all and when two men would be hauling and two pushing the sled, ten to one the dogs would turn about and go down the bill. Tough on the whip. However, we got everything over safely about 4 P.M. and camped at end of canon. The next morning we were ofi bright and early and went only a short distance before Wd struck auother canon and tall and hal to tbllow another portage made by Jarvis. It wasn't very bid and with S dogs on each sled we took the stuff over in fair style. The worst part was at the further end where the descent to the river was almost perpendicular. Here the sled inva- riably reached bottom before the dogs, though the latter did their level bast to get out of the way. It was killing work on the baasts ; how they stand it I can't see. After crossing the portage we had canon all the utternooa and after working hard, very hard all day, we camped just ti miles from last camp. I bi'oke track all day, Jarvis' trail having drifted full. I managed it thus: Started off abaut 5 miles an hour and walked away some distance, then back to the dogs and then forward again, hoping to give them the benetit of three pair of snow shoes. We didn't get to camp till 6 and the doTS couldn't have gone another mile. Poor beggars, some- times I am sorry for them, but that don't pay, we uau't afford to rest them or our- selves and we both need it. On the tith we had very warm weather which made it worse. We pissed another fall, and had the usual amount of hauling, dog whipping and geuoral hard work. Road bad enough fjr anything. Overflowed with water and no track visible, thjugh Jarvis and men passed over ii only the day before; at 10 A. SI. on the 7th wo came to the forks (No. 3) and I got a note from Jarvis with instructions to follow N. Fjrk up to where I'd find hi^ sled. This I did and camped there. Jaryjs came in in the evening, having been to head of South Branch and found no pass. He had also fired at a moose but the distance was too great and he didn't hit. A moose would be a great thing for us, as with it we could take a rest and foeJ ourselves and dogs. Though we are not very hard up yet if the rations be a leetle s>nall. To-day 1 have been 7 miles up this the N. Branch. AboVe camp 1 m\\fi is a fall of 200 feet whiuh I went around via side of mountain, above that the river widoos out and meanders through muskeg and muaiow for thro i miles, then it gots rapid and canony and turns to north. Evidently it rises in the mountains and comes from glaciers. Camp No. 15. Continued. I turned when I had reached an elevation of 4,000 ft., which is 250 ft. higher than the Tcllow Head Paos ; so that from an engineering point this branch is worthless. There is nothing left for us now but to retrace our steps to Camp No. 9 •nd try the south branoh. This wo will do tomorrow. We both feel that it is tough to tarn back but the quality of the Smoky Kiver Pass must bo known and wo are 4o-ii on going to find it out. Tho Stewart Lake Indians aro delighted, as they think we are* going to Fort George. Johnny is as unmoved as ever, and Alec ready for any- thing. So goodnight. Yoara sleepily, C. F. H. The Forks, 13th February, 1875. Mr Dear Edward, — Tho night before wo loft tho ramp (No. 16) at head of N. Branch of N. Fork of N. Fruscr Eivcr, wo had a heavy snowstorm, and consequently had no track to return on. This was expected, as so far it has always been the case. 1 won't trouble you with a history of each day's journey over familiar gronnd, except to say that tho portages around tho canons gave us as much trouble and hard work as tho up trip. Wo got hero yesterday having done the 6S miles in 4 days. Capital time considering tho road we had. It would have been amusing if not so serious, to see the number of times a sled had to be turned np to get tho slush oflTits bottom in each mile. However, wo arrived safely and aro glad to be here. This morning Jarvis sent Alec, Johnny, and Ah Kho, ahead up S. Branch to make a trail, as 'lis the only way wo can work at all. They took a hand sled as the snow is too deep to take dogs without a track. Tsayass and Te Jon were sent to Fort George with seven dogs and ono «lod. They aro to get their provisions at my cache and seem to bo delighted at the chance of going away. Before starting they said goodbye to their Indian friends and t-aid that was the last tboy would ever see of them. This was corafurting to them to nay tho least of it. We f?ont Sam out by them, also Chun and Tyepaw, a Fort George dog, which I drove as lo»^g as ho could go, and these with Tsayass' train made up the seven. We have been iri^ing over our supplies, and by a free u>e of tho Muplictition Table, and some addition thrown in, we find that we still have one montKs tjrub on hand. Just the same as we had two weeks ago, some sense in this kind of grub which gets larger every day. We havo invented a scale by which we can weigh our stull'. 2^ r;flo cartridges make a pound is Alec's belief, i-o on that we work, with a bag of cartridges on one end of a htick and some grub on the other, wo lay out each day's grub for each man, and tho beanty of the arrangement is, that we can shorten tho rations by taking out a few cartridges while it appears as if we were giving good weight. But it is cheat- ing our own stomachs after all, and I would like ono square meal occasionally. Camp (17) 16th February, 1815. My Dbab Edward, — Early on the 14th we left camp, and went up the South Branch. Imagine our disgust when 3 miles up we found Alec making a portage around a " fail an high as a tree," wo camped and the whole party went at it in>the afternoon. The next day Alec left early to finifrh portage and go on ahead with the trail, while we took over half loads, dropped them at the end and came back to camp. This was tho worst port- age yet, very full of holes and hills and fallen trees, and dogs take advantage of these places, when they get stuck going up hill, and the driver takes tho rope ahead to haul on, the brutes turn about and go; then after pulling and working your hardest you get them to the top, away they go down tho other side, and no power on earth can stop them till they get to the bottom, where when you reach it you will pro- bably see sled and dogs piled in a confused heap and well used up, and it takes a good hamonred man to get them started again without some swearing and a good deal of whip. 1 regret to soy that I havn't a tempei of that kind. The worst place in tho trail was where it takes to the liver again. Alec made that part of it, and I think he muft have let his sled go. My do^s took a run when they got near tho top and laughed when I called " ulwa ' ! I held on to the rope as long as I could and then lei CXSl Mi » \i •go when dop^s and slod disappeared. When I got to tho edge a pretty sight met my view, about half way down stood a tree, on one aide of this was tho sled and on tho other tho dopfs in a sweet state. Evidently they had been unable to got out of the way of the filed and tried a side trail with the abovo result; I cut the tree, and told theoi to go to below and t)ioy wont, tho sled tirst and tho dogs yelling and strugcjliiig after, lastly your luirablo servant who had Homo broken harness to mond aud some bruised dogi^ t's biush. After tho discovery of the water flowing east, wo returned to camp in high spirits, hurrah, had a drink of Brandy-hurrah, and had the pleat^ure of seeing ihe others as excited as ourselves. It was indeed a merry evening and one I won't forget in a hurry. The country is quite salo now sure. . uere are 6 feet of snow at this camp and we have shovelled out camp to the ground. So our view is limited when we camp. Camp No 26, 25ih Feby., 1875. Wo left camp early this morning and made good time across tho lakes. At the summit we stopped, marked a tree, "Summit between B. Columbia and the N. W, Territory," date and names, then with one leg on each side of the line drawn on the snow, we drunk the last of our brandy and gave three cheers. I repeat them. Hurrah I Then we started down the creek along which tho snowjihoeing was very bad. At noon we saw a lot of prairie chickens, but having no gun didn't get any. We did 13|- miles to-day and the creek which was about threo inches wide at the euirt is now about 15 feet. A good fall in it all the way. We haven't " seen tue eun rise out of the grass " yet, but we hope to soon. We are as happy and contented to nighi as if wo had had a good dinner, a thing we have at mott forgotten. The oamp isn't very blue generally, but there are gome puns and jokes going to-night. But now to sleep. Yours, O. F. H. Camp No. 30, Smoky Rlvbb, March I st, l&fd. Mt dbab Edwabd,— On the 26th we pushed along as utual over very bad travelling, the snow wa» hard enough to bear us on enowsbcos, but the dogs would go clear to tho bottom and stick fast, 60 we had to break the (? r fit down every step, which was as you can im** otiiii J; 'f •4 , m 1^ 'it, 'I gine very hard work. Rarly that morning wo were stopped by a fall, the finegt ono we had yet Hcen. I crawled to the edge on my Btomnch, the ice being thin and looked over. Tho river lay ^50 feet below and the trees, &c., looked very nmall at that d'stanro. On ench nido of the river tho rock rope nearly perpendicularly and altogixhor it was o hard looking place to got around. Aiter Batisfying ourselvos with the view wo tamed to go back when one of tho men proportod a drink. To get it he took a Hmall axe which at the first blow (a very light ono) wont straight through. You may bet we got out of that in a harry. Wo wont back abcnt a milo and took to the side of the mountain which wo fuUowod with much trouble till we got a mile below the falin. To get the sleds down to tho river required no trouble ; to got them down whole took a good deal, as it was as near perpendicular as could be. Finally we took off the dogs, turned the sledH on thoir sides and got down in that way; you can imagine it was steep when I tell you that one sled having got stuck halfway between some trees, I triad to go up to help tho driver and couldn't possibly dc it, though I did my best. That night wo camped late, having done •')^ miles and found only one foot of snow in the woods. This will appear strange to you, but the same peculiarity extends along the eastern slope of the mountains f ' r a belt of about 60 miles wide. Beyond the BDOW gets deeper again. On the 27th wo passed a 20foot tall, around which we made a portage without mach trouble. Just bolow this fall we strack good travelling hard crust and wo did 14 miles that day, passed a branch comirg in from eoath, which Jarvis explored for some distan< e up. On the 28th wo had a good deal of open water and had to take to land frequently. Another dog dropped to day. Jarvis had to follow behind slowly as he is suffering from mat de raquette. lie doesn't say much about it but when he takes to tho broken track with a whitu face and set lips you may guess he is in pain. I have been doirg the track breaking since he fell to the rear, and I begin to feel a little pain in my ankles to-day. To.day we did 13 miles and camped early to mond enowshoes which are very much used up. We have got over the good snow arid are now in bad travelling again. Suow hard enoagh to bear us but which tho dogs broke up. If we were certain what river this is it would be more satisfactory. At present when it turns to the oast, we think it falls into the Athabasca and oar hearts beat high. Then wo come to a tarn toward the north and we are sure it is Smoky Kiver, and moat lead to Peace Kiver and oar spirit go to zero at once. Passed another branch from south today. 0. F. H. 86 Miles from Summit, Camp 33, Smokt Eiveb, March 5th, 1876. DcAK Edward, — Tho 2nd was vory unpleasant, a heavy snow storm, river overflowed and deep snow, liver turning more to the nortb and dogs getting awfully used up. Our camp on tho Hrd was at mouth of small stream from souih and we had not a very comfortable evening. Another dog died that day, died of starvation, and worse Ptili tho river turned more to the north, and that as I said before mean^ Smoky Biver. Yesterday wo camped 1 mile above a small fork from south, and after plotting up oar work concluded that this river is Smoky River beyond a doubt. We saw an old track of a snowshoo, bat the maker may be hundreds of miles away by this time. I got very bad with malde raquette yesterday and can rot recommend it as a travel. ling companion to any one who bas to travel every day and all day. To day we have been in camp all day making packs and a cache in which we will leave our heavy staff. By observation at noon we find we are in latitude 54* i'd' N. Wo will strike across country from here steering by the compass with our dogs following us. Our packs won't be heavy, very; mine is about 35 lbs,, but with mat de ozziy raquette it will bo heavier a good deal. Wo are going to tako ono Bled, but it will be light, the others remain bore "to be called for" I hope, but not by na. We will leave no grub of oonrso, but our Boxtant, stationery, books, &o , &c., with extra clothing remtiin lioro; the last clause doesn't trouble me as I put on my trowsora, drawers and shirts at Quesnello and won't take them otf till we roach Edmonton. By the way, I forgot to mention that at Camp 15, an J also at the Sum>nit, we washed our fHces and hands. It's a fact. The first time at Camp 15, and then again at the " Summit." T don't know the reason for the drst wash, unless it was di-igust at having to turn back. The last was a wish to leave all the British Columbia dust behind us. To procoeJ. I may mention that the men from Stewart's Lake are getting longer (uoes every day, and they evidently don't think much of this trip, either past or futUK. A loo is all right and Johnny as good-natured as ever. His constant senteni;c U, " Caltas kopajnika. Cultus kopa mika " — " What's bad for me is bad for you " And now I'll stop for to-night. Yours, C. F. H. Camp No. 34, 6th ^arch, 1875. To-day wo started early with oar packs on our backs, on smsU rations. Climbed all day, and wore glad enough to stop to night, having done seven miles. We are on a high piooo of ground to-night, and before us lies a large valley, so we will have down-hill work to-morrow. My pack to-night weighnd 300 lbs. at least, and my legs are as sore as Jarvis*. Yours, C. F. H. Camp No. 39, March 11th, IBIn. Don't exactly know where. My Dbah Edward,— On the 7lh we had it down hill till we reached the valley before mentioned- Down-hill travelling is worse for vial de raquette than up-hill, though I didn't think HO when we were climbing. At the bottom we found a large river, which wo thought was the Athabasca. We followed it up a short distance, and then turned off on our old course, following up a tributary which saemoi to come from that direction. Wo turned off for this reason. If this be the Athabasca, we will, in a fdw miles, strike the MoLeod, and will then know whore we are and be able to make St. Anne's easily. If not, it is useless and worse to follow up an unknown river. So wo called it "This Kiver." Jarvis and I still kept the lead, though the pain we felt at every step cannot be expressed in words. As we turned a corner suddenly on the 8th, I in front saw two moo-o in tbo river about 150 feet from us. As it* usual in such cases, the riflo was in the sled behind, and before we could get it the moo-e were awiiy and lost. These were the first live things we had seen sinoo we crossed the Summit, and our disappointment was very groat when we missed killing one of them, we all stand so muoh in need of moat. On the 9th we left the crock, whioh was as crooked as a corkscrew, and struck across country over valbys, hiils and deep snow. Our camp that night was on a creek running north, and probably into the last river we saw. Our meat was nearly finished that night, and our stomachs felt empty. Yesterday we had as usual very heavy walking across these valley*, la tfia afternoon when we were on a summit, baf )re us wd saw an imnanms'} valley, abnat 2 miles wide. You may imagine oar delight : here was the end of our troubles and our want of grab in particular. So with renewed vigour we posted down. Wheo w* cxzv rcttched tho bottom wo found a mu.sko^ with a small creek running; through the iniJdlo of it, down went our spirits a^ain. To day wo camo on a crook ruDoin^ alrjut eatit so wo followed it, and found tho trail blazod as if by white mon. To- Bij:;ht everything was j illy as can bo though our meat is done and our tea ho amatl it can't be couiitod. Aloe shot a rabbit toduy, quite a food for 6 men. Kiver bore 60 ft. wide, with grasey banks, etc. But I must Bleep; good night. C.P.H. Camp No. 43, 15 March, 1875. Where ? My Dear Fuward, — On tho lliih we had snow all day, and very bad snowshoeing. River 100 ft. wide and running north like tho others, wo commenced to think that timos were hari when we began to eat dog to keep our strength up. Dog too which bad been starved and worked nearly to death. I don't believe dog soup is good, but it goes Tovy well. On the 13th wo loft the river and struck out on the old course aboat S.E. The Indians from Stewart's Lake wont on with their wail about never seeiog their friends again. They gave up all hope, and I scarcely wonder at it; still they needn't howl so about such a small thing. Others have friends and just as Btrong feelings for them, and they may think a good deal, but they don't cry. Yesterday the 14 ih it snowed all day and we weren't able to soe anything. In the afternoon after crossing a river, we came upon a pile of horse dang. It was tho prettiest I ever saw and I'd liko a picture of that very pile; we examined it and choored lustily thinking that wo must be near somewhere. Buster, my favourite dog, died yesterday. To-day tho snow stopped and we saw about 20 miles away a high rock which looked like a photograph we onco saw of lioche a Miette at Jasper House. So we turned tow., and it has borne his name since. Rightly enough too. Well now I'll conclude, very thankful I am that we are thus far on our journey and have been kept through sucb trial and danger. Tours, CHAS. F. HANINGTON. t Camp No. 51. MoLbod's Riyeb, 24th March, 1875. Mr Dear Edward,^ We left tho Depot very early, in a gale of wind which blew down the lake, our •'oge, Cabreo of ray train, Captain of Alec's and Musqua from Stewart's Lake didn't offer to follow us as they preferred grub to starvation I suppose ; we went down the Lake in a hurry, rather too fast for our own comfort sometime.^, and then followed the Athtibftbc: having done 14 miles when we camped, had a little driod meat and a little hrcud loi eupper, turned in tired enough Next day we followed the river 14 mile urd then left it to take trail across to McLeod River camp 1 mile on traiU Found no walking warm that day and the rations very small for such hard work. On the 20lh tbo walking was very bad and we only did 8J miles passing a lake in P.M. On Sunday the 2 1st we did 4 miles to the McLeod and 8 down it on a trail made by one of the C. P. R. parties two years before. Very heavy travelling but the trail i.>» boiter than the river which wasoverfljwed. 22nd. Travelled 15 miles, 5 to portage across bend of river and 10 to camp. Nothing evoniful my diary says, sick of this work, " hard work and deuoed small grnb." On tho 23rJ we did 16J miies, 1 to end of portage and 15 more down the river* by ir.-iiL met Adam, a man from Edmonton, en row^g to Jasper House. He gave UM ^ou.ii tea but his grub was about gone as ho had been detained by the heavy travelling. EJl 0»Tii Wo had a cap of Htrong tea immediately, and it mado ns drank, think of it^ drunk on tea. He gave uh Fome sugar which wo ate up at once, liko Indians exactly and then we put-bed on. On the 24tb we made good time on Adum'a trttck and did 2'J^ miles, though a little fresh snow fell in the evening, that is tonight. We start early and stop to rest every hour being not so strong as wo once were. At night we stop, Jarvis and X clear up a place for camp, Alec and Johnny get brush and the others cut wood, as Eoon aa camp is made Johnny cooks tuppor (so called) but long before that I am asleep. I am waked to cat my share, which is measured by the chief carefully and is hardly perceptible sometimes. Then I light my pipe and am asleep before I get a dozen pulls, fo yoa will believe me when I say that I am uboat UFed up. Tobacco is the main stny, I chew it all day and Hmoko in the eve- ning and it is a groat improvement on nothing. Our tea now is everything for as, though that first very strong cup mado a hole in the supply. However, we boil it over and over very carefully, Jarvis carrying the sack ard putting in a fresh grain every time. But we know where we are perfectly and wo would have no trouble in getting through wero wo not so much ased up when wo lefs the Depot. 11 I Camp No. 54, 27th March, 1S15. Mr DBAB Erother,-> On the 25th wo did 25 miles on the river, our grub getting very short, and the tea neaily gone. I had a sort of fainting fit that duy so Jarvis wont on a little further made camp, leaving Alec to see me through; all right in evening, plenty of tobacco. On ihe 26th we followed the rivor 4 miles and then struck off easterly doing 9 more; had two hares for supper and the last ol the bread. Th« men eat the insides without cleaning them, attor they had taken their share of thft meat. Today it has been very warm and hardsnow.shooing, we did 11 miles and struck a creek running east. Killed four hares to-day and had a first rate supper; though it might have been better. I would give anything to-night for a good square meal of bacon, beans and bread, to say nothing of such a one as I often dream of. Still it is well I have eome- thing. Good night. Yours hungrily, C. F. H. Caup 5V, Lake St. Ann's, 31st March, 1875. Mr DxAR Brother, — On the 2Mh we did 18 miles and got nothing. My diary soys, very hungry and it eays truth. We crossed Dirt Lake or Chip Lake, and camped on the creek, suowir g all night. On the 2Uth we did 23 miles, 15J to Pembina River, 3^ down it to Portage and 4 to camp beside a lake. We lived on tobacco and water, and though very weak made very good time with frequent rests. On the 30th, that is yesterday, it was waim and hard walking. Alec lay down several times, but toward evening we met an Indian who acted as guide, so we strained every nerve, 0, F. H. in fronty Jarvis next, then Alec and lastly the Indians; and wo got to this Post at 7 P.M. in epite of all the hunger, weakness and mieery. I could have gone a good deal farther that day, with that Indian in front, but when he stopped of course 1 was played out at once. Mr. McGillvray, God bless him, aet out a supper of white fish, potatoes, milk, bread, sugar and tea and askod us to go at it. There wasn't a word said for about half an hour, and then we wern't able to speak much. For myself I staggered to a iooDge where I Euffered from the grub as much as I had from the want of it. "'*''■ This czxviii Hiornlfitf wo wore up at 5 a-d no ono boing awako I stolo »omo breaJ. At 7 wd had brO(»l4l(»*t. II repotition of la-*t night. After broakfASfc AIcc and I took McGillrray'g hiiVHo iifid ciittor and wont to'^ the village, whoro ia a R. (J. Mission, to buy eggs, Imltur, tVj,, at ono of the half bi-ood's hollso^ (u littlo raxol thin) they asked us to ©lit ntii NOtout grilled buffalo b)ne:4, pat itoes, tea, it'j., and wo had a capitiil food, at •nillior tboy ^avo us bread an I miik which wj did jaitioo to. Thon with a lot of 9U^i und croam (no butter) wo roturnod to tho house and npont the time till noon outing ut'outn and sugar with our bread. At noon another Qtl, ate all the afternoon Add tivuning and are now as hungry as over though sufiForing from the effects of f^^^l^nny. This in tho ond of our great exploration so far as hunger and great danger Ai'O Odiicornod. When I think of it, I wonder how we ever got through, for without Any ^uido and koowlodgo of the country wo could hardly expect it. To uae Jarvis' WurdH, " It it altogether too large a country for G men." My weight hero ia I2b-^ lbs. but I'll rnako ap for it in a short timo; I have necesBarily written thin sketch ot' tho irl|) morn iu reference to myself than my chief. S) hero I want to say that the 'jrodlt 0*'' tho success of the exploration is due to E. W. Jarvis, whose judgment, orter^y and pluck brought us through. I only seconded him and did my best. Bat ft divjrttf Providence watched over us all through and we owo him our most heartfelt ihunUn, To'morrow we start for Edmonton, in two sleds with horses, and any amount ©I grub on board. Ml write you from Fort Garry if not before. I remain. Your loving brother, CHAS. Fort Garry, Manitoba, 2:2nd May, 1875. Mir DsAtt Edward,— Wo wore two days from St. Ann's to EJmonton ; ppont five days there; had a good deal of vomiting and diarrhoea, which lasted nearly to Fort Pitt. We were returnin tho spring, johnny. Alec, and a guide (Norris) a trader, cmrno tbroagh witt> us. I cannot here give you a description of our day's journey, of weurlng rides on horBoback, riding on carts, camp, and all the rest, but it was jolly, floe ffoathor and plenty of grub. 1 now weigh 163 pounds, more than I ever weighed, ttitd I fool like a bird, but hungry yet. We loft Elmonton with horse slods Ctobog- gttim), at Victoria we packed our horses and left sleds. At Pitt we left pack HtiidluM, got some fresh horses and carls and camo to Carlton. At Carlton more fresh bor^iN^ at J^jilice more l^esh horees and a waggon which we engaged to the Portage. Froifl 8t, Ann's to Fort Garry we were just fifty-one days, thirty-seven of which wero ftf, though we were perfect strangers to all of them west of Eilice. Thero I foand two old fr' . '^ds of mine, who had partaken of oor hospitality when we kept hoase ia Foi't Ui&tty, two years ago. oxxiz This ban been a bard trip from first to last. Ono tbat I will never forgot, and nover repeat, I hopo. I am now in the ofHco hero, waiting for orders to go tiome* where to work, and making; the plan, a tracing of which 1 Hond you. My eye has ,ju6t caught thin sentence in Jarvis' report, which I havo been reading (his report to the Chief Engircur, Mr. Fleming) : " I ciinnot refrain from mentioning in terms of the highest praiHe, my assistant, Mr. Hnnington, to whose pinck and endurance the succcfb uf the exploration is so largely due." I put this in because I am proud of it, and I will add that that one Hentenoo from Jarvis is pay enough for all I did through the winter. Jarvis has gone to St. Paul to see a friend, eo 1 am alone here, except that I have any amount of friends who are kind as ever. And now good bye. Your loving brother, CHAS. The country between Qucenelle and Lake St. Ann's is heavily wooded for the most part. West of the mountains it is much broken and rugged. The streams there are rapid and their banks rocky. After croE(iing the mountains things appear in a more settled form, and on a smaller scale, the bills particularly. On the Smoky Bivor there is some fine band- stone, about all we saw on the trip. We had heard of a great canon on the Athabasca but when we reached it we found the rocky nidos to be about 20 feet high and fiat on the top. We were disappointed. On the Pembina Biver there are some coal beds which have been burning for many years. Wo could smell the smoke about a mile off, and it put us in mind of a cit}'. At one place where the smoke comes out of the aide of a perpendicular rock it is particularly striking. The surface cf the ground is very hot in many places, hot enough to boil the kettle ; and by the way 1 might mention here that the proper came for " Smoky Biver " is " Smoking " Biver, so given from Eorao burning coal bedp about 50 miles below where wo left it. The wood about St. Ann's is small and mostly cotton wood. From that to east it exists only in patches and is very small. East cf Edmonton a man knowing the country can generally find enough wood to make a fire, but there are places where wood has to be cuiiied in the carte, such as the Salt Plain, Pheasant Plain, and some others. I am speaking of the trail which we followed from Edmonton. Thero is a trail south of the Saskatchewai where the kettle most of the time has to be boiled by the use of buffalo chips. One reason why we did not take it was the seaBon not being far enough advanced and fires being necessary there. The map, 25 miles to an inch, is a tracing I compiled from my poor data. It will do to give you an idea of the locality we are now in as well as that followed last winter ('75). It is not correct as regards distance. The trail I have dotted in rod, as well as the other part of our journey. Tho line of the C. t: .B. 1 laid down as near as I could from information gathered in letters, &c. " The plan of our Smoky Biver exploration " is as correct as can be, having been plotted from the original notes. The camps are marked in red and the elevations in blue. You will see that I haven't waited much time on them, but I trust they are plain and will serve their purpose. I send the " Smoky Biver plan " in toto, but a verj amall strip of tho other one. Cause, not very much time to spare just now. Hoping you'll excuse all tho deficiencies which can't be helped, I remain, Yours sincerely, C. F. HANINGTON. czn DIBTANCI TBAVBLLlfiD ON HMOKY RIVM IXPLOKATION. Milat. From Quesnelle Mouth toFortGoor^e 12ft " Fort Goorgo to month of North Fork 64 " North Fork to Hanington'8 Cache 18 " Banington's Cache to Salmon Cache (Bear Hiver), going by Portage and rotarning vid Bear and Fraser Rivers 78Jr " Hanington'8 Cache to the Forks 18 " The Forks to hend of North Branch 63 " Beturn to the Forks 6!1 " Forks to turn into Pass 4g " Turn into Pass to Summit of Moantains 40 " Summit to Cache on Smoky River 86 " Cache on Smoky Rixer to Ifext River 9i- " Next river to Fiddle River Depot 110 " Fiddle River Depot to Lake St. Ann's 217 " Lake St. Ann's to Edmonton 60 Miles 9!I6 Mild Distances measured by Pacing between (Quesnelle Month and Edmonton on Exploration 826 Number of paces counted, taking inside figures 2,188;«00 DISTAMOIS FROM EDMONTON KA8T. Miles. From Edmonton to Furt Victoria , 80 " Victoria to Fort Pitt 113 " Pitt to Fort Carlton 167 " Carlton to Fort Ellice 307 " Ellice to Fort Garry 220 Total 887 »96 Total distance travelled 1,883 SOt of camps between Quesnelle Moulh and Fort Garry 106 CXZli f ;^f;ir RATION LIST, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY 8URVST, BRITISH COLUMBIA. For ooe man, per day and per month : — Per day. Per month. fiacon and hams 1^ lb. 4» lbs. Flour IJ " 37i •• Boans and pease 12^ 029. 25 ** Oatmeal U" 2 " Dried apples and plums 4 " 5 '* Tea IJ « 2 « Coflfee li " 3 « Sugar 24 » 4J " Eice 2^ « 4 « Molasses 1 gall. Yeast powder 3 tins to 50 lbs. of floor. Salt ^ " Mustard , | « Pepper ^ " Pickles ... « .....Plenty. Soap do 4 " Candles do in officers' mess. Vinegar do Lime juice do Matches do Note.— When fresh beef is Ubed instead of bacon, 60 lbs. must be allowed per month. These rations are used regularly in B.C. The sugar particularly is very often short. C. F. HANINGTON. TliTE Jaune Cache, My Dear Edward, — Kockv Mountains, May 4th, 1876. I left Fort Garry in June last, after having spent throe weeks very pleasantly there. Johnny thought Winnipeg a fine place ; it waR his first appearance in a town. He had Home money when he arrived, and the first time he appeared after, he was dressed in black broadcloth, swell hat and patent leather boots. His board was paid all the time till a chance should occur of sending him homo to British Columbia. The last time I saw him he was sitting by the side of a dry goods store with one arm around the neck of a very good-looking squaw, who evidently thought him no end of a swell. Late last fall ho came over here, having been forvvardod by express. He had learned to talk English, and when I said, '* Ikcta mika tumtum kopa okook cola inate la monte ?"* he replied, " l3amn hard." He had a good summer of it; lived with the object of his affections (though she did noti speak his language nor he hers), and was loud in the praises of Winnipeg. I erquirod about the health of his wife, and ho informed me that she cried a good deal when he came away; also that should nothing occur to prevent he xccul'l be a father shortly. So I gave him some clothes, &c., and he started off to his homo in tho lower Eraser. Alec was hired as a mail carrier between Garry and Edmonton till the autumn, when he was sent to Honry House, 64 miles from hero, to look after the supplies there in depot. Ho came over to see mo this winter, and was here on the anniversary of the day on which wo reached Lake St. Ann's. We did our best to celebrate it in rum and water, a thing we weren't able to do last year. 1 had him in our mess, and enjoyed his visit very much, living over past scones more pleabantly than was possible at tho time they were enacted. He went back to hiti post, and will go to Fort Garry early in the spring. The chief (Jarvis) went to St. Paul, and was sent for from Ottawa, where he was wanted to take a party to British Oolambia. Being as fond of this country as I am, and being able to afford himself fti * " What do 70a think of the trip across the mountaias 7 " euxu reHt, ho refaned and loft the J.P.R for a Boason. After making a vwit to P.K. Island and other partH of the Dominion, ho rotarnod to Fort Garry and want into the lambor boHinosB, where ho is now making a good deal of money. I hear from him oflon. Ho ti&id once that the mention of Smoky River made him nliuddor, and I dare Hay it would. I camo out here laHt summer, acd wo commenced locating tho lino from the summit of Yollow Head Pass down the Frasor Kivor to moot another Earty commencing at Port Goorgo. In November wo went into quarters horo, and uve aponl a most miserable winter, the last I will ever spend in thin way. Wo vill be at work long before you got this, pnshini^ btoadily towards Fort (xoorgo and civilisation after. The sketch I send of our trip is, I think, full of onors, th'.(j;rh not any toiiouB ones I have written it very hurriedly at ditforout times, with ^11 tho din and noiso of my friends in arms sounding in my ears. I know you will make every ailowauco for my mistakes, which I cannot correct afi I've no timo to road the whole again. I know it ia written in a ramblintr desultory sort of fashion, but you'll belicvo mo when I say that 1 did tho best 1 c^ Id under tho circumstances. And now I'll mhv good-bye. J remain. Your loving brother, CHAS. F. HANINGTON. TuBBMOMBTBioAL Readings ; Minimum April, Temperature, from Ist January "8i5. to 6th JftDuary. February. March. April. ■S Date. Temperature Date. Temperature. —23 —29 —10 7 — 8 2 4 8 24 —22 8 12 2 3 25 16 27 3J 28 25 29 25 11 — 2 —15 — 2 —10 8 Date. Tem peril ture. Date. Temperature 1 'i 3 4 S 6 7 o —32 —26 —40 —10 -3i -28 —36 —47 —25 —45 —31 -40 -EC —53 —48 -as -41 -45 —45 —31 3 7 — iO 8 14 — 3 —23 —29 —10 14 — 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 It 15 IC 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Q — 6 12 —11 — 8 —15 — 5 22 15 5 26 27 15 — 2 —32 -30 —23 -20 -8 —12 9 6 — 3 —12 — 9 4 — 6 5 -4 15 5 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 o 23 24 4 — 4 6 8 8 ""* 9 10 11 • •••(■•W )■•(•• 12 13 .. . . 14 15 1ft ••••*•••• *•*•••••• 17 18 19 •■•••( 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ■•• 28 ad 30 31 « 55" MAP Smoky River Pass QUESNELLE, B.C. TO EDMONTON, N.WT. hv C. F. Hanington. 1874-5 To accOfTipany report on Canadian Archives. I6B7.