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m a ocen anoumoN mr cmmt 
 
 (ANSI and no TISr CHART No. 3) 
 
 j4 
 
 ^iPPLED IN/MGE he 
 
 leSJ Cost Itojn SIrMt 
 KochMtar. Nnr Toe* l4«o« u«* 
 (716) «M - 0300 - PhonT^ "" 
 (7ie) 288 - S989 - Fm 
 
SURVEY 
 
 IDES AND CTJRKENTS 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 
 CANADIAN WATERS 
 
 W BELL DAWSON, CB. 
 
 Sngirutr tn eharye. 
 
 FIRST REPORT OF PROGRESS, 1894 
 
 {Beprinied. 1906.) 
 
 OTTAWA 
 OOVBRNMBNT PRINTIINO BUREAU. 
 1907. • 
 
«., I 
 
SURVEY 
 
 TIDK AND CDRBINT8 IN OANIDIAIT fTATERS 
 
 W. WmLL DiAWMUr, cs. 
 
 TSaai BKPOBT of PBOOBflSB. 
 
 Ottawa, Utk Juusfx, UM. 
 
 W. P. Ammmm, Wt^OM^ 
 
 OUef Tn g ta w f. D^urtmant of Ibriiw and fb!Mri«i. 
 
 av-I Uy th» boBoiir to rateiit tb« Mkmiag nport with Nfaid to th« f^vmj 
 of Tidw aad OiDNBti ia O^Bod'aa 
 
 At the pM ^ wUek tUo wotk iM. nmM. H my te wril to iMfiii k, 
 itritmiat etamOf Oo wi— l iilii— that Iwro Kmb wait dnriag A« pMt ymn 
 in Magiac tbio ourttor befom tiw aotieo of the GomnMBt, ud ^ atopa thot haf« 
 already * ' *^ 
 
 As leac ago M the mwtiiiff of the Britidi Amwiatiim held in Mootnal in 1884 ' 
 the imynrtaaee of iwbU>«-- - -» taUes for Canadian watMs. and the neeewity of 
 establiahinc ttationi for , itiona waa diaeuMd. The Aaaoeiation ado|itad 
 
 a reBoIutkm dn^irinc th» tt' ^f the Qoverament of the Domiiiion to the niatter 
 and abo appoiiited a on " eoUMt infenBation and mahe npraMntatiooa to 
 
 the-Gownment ngardinc ... Jhe uommittee oonaiated of Dr. A Jidmaon. diair- 
 man; i^rofenor J. O. HacOn«or, of Halifax ; J. B. Oberriman. of Toronto; H. T. 
 Borer, of Hontreal; and C. Carpmael. Diieetor of the ICeteofokgieal Serrioe. Bie 
 Montreal Board of Trade were at the wme time oonaiderinv the qneetion independ- 
 •^ntly. and they concurred in addreiainff a strong memorial on the aubjeot to tho- 
 Dominion OoTemment Ship ownen and maater* of ahipe were abo imetically 
 unanimous aa to the preaaing need for knowledge on the aubject of the tidea and 
 currenta. 
 
 Dnring the following aoMiraa of Pariiament, petitiona and repivaeBtationa imm 
 made through the then Minister of Marine. In reply, thia Minister atated that owing 
 to the outlay on'Wie Georgian Bay Snrfoy, and the expedition to Hudaon'a Bay dnr- 
 >nsr the maam e{ 1885. tin Oofenmient did not mopose to take action fn the 
 matter ^ tidkl oboervatioBS at tiiat time. 
 
n 
 
 I. I* — - ""^m M M ottw ^maom^ to — ijwtola A* addltioMr 
 I. «- ' *»^^>»wi*^, Aillr alif* to Artaf^irtM. «| aT ■ST-* U-.. 
 tatt. -J* l«« to W rtb to •«,y ort . w,rrrZ« «i Z!5' J^ 
 
 0« tha Ntan of Hm Hudmi't Bty ««»«<<». . >» .m. 
 
 b«tAo to -. .t o«o. how th. ti<W eumnt i. ^ZSL^J^Z ' 
 iwti M. dMrted for tho w.to« of tho Gulf. -■^'* """»'•*««*«»• «»^ 
 
 ^ that h. w« dob, whaTlTt^ ToJL^^^"'- ^^ «^ 1' *» «» 
 Twiou. poiBt. in the Mw and Gulf of St L.wn«.«i. wHfc « 
 
 ■topt had been taken to 
 
 eony out the 
 
I 90ft hi 
 
 Mm LiMi 
 
 ayoa tk« farllMr iBfenwtiMi h* tfw* idlMi, 
 
 , •! flwwita «■ U* lUp^t mum. b Ihtt !•• 
 
 dM MHvlMiMi tlwl mitfl «• lwf« «B adMWllTC wwwhwi t fcw i «l Ik* 
 ^ al tky MUiiiiiiti. wrrM Mie-ea ttnlhr vluM to ttwM wUik htm 
 ) w *• UMM Italic «oM«i, nd OB th« oowli of OfMl Mtidm «• ihdl 
 •bnvt W i^WmI to Ml uuKMl Murast •! auriM k« do* to tU kdt «< iafonM* 
 «!oa ia wam^ ^ «M>I mnmla. B« «lw vointo out tiwl la A* It jmn ffoa 1010 
 u»liiT, •••u»*irt»lo«i»»»Httk»wriO ■Hboo AOkM, w m •«"§§ ol 
 mnjm m m»w < md fai tlw ■»• ywM ft* iM «l HI* M Wm MOS UtM. 
 A oMtaiB niwmlua of tKto kH «IH<« nd ynpwty ia aadmibtodir daa to fa> pwfap> 
 kaowMfa «l Aa aanaato; aad if tha aoab •/ aaffaw aaaapaa of vaaada 
 f ma dbMtor m wnak ««• kaowa, H «odd add a ponwfal afiaaMat in faraar 
 of ptootaantf with tha work larttnHth. Ha abo adda that if «• aooU oa^ lat a 
 nooid of tha aamnr aaaapaa. the dalaya. aad tha anma of peaitioa diaaowa d whin 
 a for elaaia away, ao farthar arffumant would ba iav>if«d: hat aaptaiaa of vaaaala 
 aa a mb di^ka to admit ttiat thay Hava baaa oat of poaitioa; aad daafora aaeapad 
 ata oalr iimwiliiriil io a ptaotiaal a«maa bjr civinc tha ahip a littla aioia oOat tha 
 aatt royaf% whaa. if tha waathar Sa thiak. it auy ba fooad fhat tha aUp U aa far 
 to tha Bortti aa ^ waa on ^ pvavioaa trip to tha aoath. It ia tha tow diflenlt 
 undar thMa aitoaMtaaoia to aoUaat afidanoa oa tha ankjaot Ha ia hiaiaalf ooa- 
 Tiaaad. hoaavar, of tha astraaa daainUUty, if not tha abaoluto aaoaaaity ,«f pn- 
 ntMtm witfi IUb woik aa aaoa aa poaaiUa. 
 
 Daiiat tha anauaar aaawm of 18M littla waa dono of a praetioal duoaotar, barood 
 exploratoTT tripa auida Iqr Liaut Ooidoa aad Mr. Oaipiaaal. with a viaw to aaaartaia- 
 inc tha beat poiata for tha aatabliahnvnit of tide gaagaa. 
 
 At the ooBolarioB of the re-aarrajra <n the Lower Si Lawranaa with thia aeaaoa* 
 the «v*BMa of whidi wai« bdag a!uf«d by tha Oaaadian Qorwameat and the Britidi 
 Adniirahy. tha tiaw waa ngaidad aa evfottaaa to aiaka farther repnaentationa 
 ai tp the piOMlnn need for i^foraiation about our tidaa Itnd curranta. Aeoordiafly, 
 ib xmbar, 18W, a petition waa addraaaed to tha Ifiniater of Marina and Fiaheriaa 
 which waa drawn up by tha oonuaittae of tha Britiih Aaaoeiation, and tha Boyal 
 Society of Canada, and waa aignad b^r " maaten and olteaiB of reaaeb, to the fol- 
 lowing efaot: — 
 
 'W% tha andamgnod maatnri and oObeaa of fwaela aagagad in the narigation 
 of tha Gulf of St Lawranaa and of tha watara on the Athmtio eoaat of tha Dominion 
 of Oanada and of li«rfmindhuiid. deaire aaraeatly and raapeetfuUy to petition the 
 GcomnMBt and Parliaatant of Canada, that they would promptly take au4^ atepa 
 as th«y may deem adriaabk to d>tain aa thoroui^ a knowledga at poadUa of Oa 
 currents in theaa watara, whether due to the tides or to any other cause, and to dia- 
 tribute amongat marinara the information >tained. We believe that, the serioua 
 loss of life and praparty due to diipwradu attributable to unknown currents during 
 fogs or hacy weatiwr may thna be greatly diminishr . In ^udi weather these cur- 
 rants are a eanaa of great aazia^ and dangiff.' 
 
ooKiniioniBrr or thi wdu. 
 1« the foUowfaig -Mon ,f igyj . ,,..^, 
 
 »«. MW «d 1861, whd, we« dia«mwd fa. th. ««^ ^ ^i. g^^ 
 

 I 
 
 Tha iMpiHi uImuMim ««• adb Igr UmI OmkIm ■» t«* poiato «■ tiw 
 •f V«f* liBllat tiM «liMt 1« ffaw Mat to <kMk A* MMfMor el tlM 
 •d allHr paiali akat (kt mmI, ia o»d«r to ayUw 
 if ft^jMi a '»Ml al iiliiiaii' i» iim wMt cMlm «Mwt «l Hst* ImH* 
 f MB iHlHt fahai to <km §M». Tlrfs ma Ik* mm ti^oHaal Mi« to do Im. 
 
 «Udl to Ma^ato tldo tohho far BoKte. aliMk adWM «§«• la Hm aMaiiaM 
 a hapv Mrfao «l okMrfaliMi ooali ho oktoted. A Aartfaff ohjaot bi Uhmo 
 ^^ to MiiKtIa Ir the an of Afwaa* attHai. «* aai 
 , limt wUA fWBilierf to fife Hm beet aaJ awet eeoaoMJeal wealto. The 
 diitoili ef thia work ead dto dte ori y t ioaa of the apvUeaoM aied an fivoa ia Appandls 
 No. It to iSfd Aaaval Seyort, DayertneBt of MaTino aad llahartoa for IfMi 
 
 I* aniftaki the beat iana ef tide aaafa to aa«lav, the anal aenfal aad oa^ 
 van Mda 4r the Miaietor. aidad ky the advtoe of Mr. OeipaMal. 
 reftheMatoeeelatiaal8arviea The difcuHtoa ia tia oan twn laiimliBil, 
 aa at aaeat pehito ear aedlaaiy anpuatan ia liaUa to 'r niv ia wiatar, aad n to 
 intamqpt dM raeord; aad fwthar. oa gaaaada ef naaaioy, it wn anaaidaiai iaqpaa- 
 able to aa^lasr dUBad o h aa rra w for tUa ipiaiil work, at tka fequielto aaaibor of 
 •tatieaa. 
 
 lie tidn thannlvn ea Ae eoeato of Oaaada, wy n mrr •XMk ia ^lir I 
 (fawa a h ei ght a< toar ce in iaat fai tta epaa A tkatfa , to twain aad eit kt aa a la tka 
 8t laaimi Binr, aad Airtr <nl aad enr to tka Bar ef Fwi^) ^itt a r a kti nir 
 lane awl ir of atati^aa an aaqaind fai oadn to foUow tkair ■owaaito ia ear 
 Mrtirfaeto^r «ar. Ia 1km winaaM<amn a a a Ha aeoaJ k n tide teaaa. akiak will da 
 the walk of nakiwc tka noaed ef tke tida day aad ai^ witk tka lent aanaat ef 
 anparviaioa, ia tka aMt aaitakle aad iBnailaal to «» To 
 to oaaan Oe naead ia wiator n well n to aaaaaw, Mr. 
 inqvirin aad aavaiiaMBto «Mak an rainnd to ia hie rapat of DeoandMr. i^m. 
 (AniwHa Ifo. M to Amael Bepert, PijartBint of Maiiaa> mOi) ImmMiigt^itm 
 of Oe beat hum of tide •aoai^ PHJiaiit O. H. Datwia, of Oaaibridge, Oa noat iauin- 
 
 ent ipiiiiillil'oa tUel ta aat i e w, an u iiliii He Uadlj fan ^: adrin in t'a- 
 
 matter; with a Hew elw to tibe ndaetioa of tke obeamtimia, e* ' '.•.kaktfea uf 
 tide teVn horn than. Tka fai«a iaailr daeidad apoa wn the eae ^riead ^ Sir 
 Willian ThoBMOB, aad than of than aan aaeoHiiwlr iiiitiiheaail to togia widk 
 
 The netnda of the HaHiaz tidn ebon meatifflnod aen anbeatted to lb. Idvaid 
 Hobertt, of the Kautieal Almann oAoo. AMioui^ then wen bneka aad iai- 
 perfeetiona in the reoord, lie daHaed a qpeeial method of douUo ooaipntatioa by 
 which tlien oould be auooeaafally onroome; and he wn therefon aUe to report 
 faTonrably apoa them, ead to neeaiaiend ikmt tide tahln ahoold be ao npa to d from 
 them. In aukiac the eatoahtioBa of then ttdn an iaoeniow aad oipeaain 
 patiac n aah ln wn plaee d et tke lerTin of thia d^ertannt for a 
 foe. Tide n eB hiaa wn derieed to feeiMato tke ertaerin ti&l oaledatieBa nr a by 
 the I —I ef ladia. Ia tUa way tida tahln wen peapand In HaUfei^ iat 
 
« 
 
 *» A. »*» Mil, and .iw, B-yiArf . -_ ^ 
 
 i>««n or Attaatti ooMt of Hom Sootia. 
 
 «* «*U0W, AW, TOM. „^„^ ■WilLWnB. 
 
 w«t«. Wd .11 the other eteaent. reouirS^ ?. *^ ***^' *^ **™» <rf higti ««1 low 
 
 fc^ ~<4 other, «ri the gauge my the^re^ if* J" "«*-*'« <i^ wffl fd^ 
 
 *^ wooidmar gauge. « 'eigfat-gau-e, i.^^^ l ^ *^«'- Abugaide of 
 •nd •!» to f;.miah a datum frorX«l.* P^** *° <*«* th* «oo«i on ttToth^ 
 
 ^«d down with the tide itae^ Tn^^Z^':^^.: ■*•« ''^- i*. which ,L>t^ 
 
 ^«« . ,«Dey i, u«Kl i„te«i of tTu^t 1^ *S " «^*' • •**» *^ 
 **^ontyh.tdrentwioead.^.t^„T!S^V. ^ '«««»«• of thia^^H 
 -«W on ih.oontim.ou. record ~°''°'"'*^'^-~J*»««n«^^ 
 
 r^^^^^^^^^ tid. it ia .^^ ^ 
 
 IrnadiuB thk mb mi. »_ j ^ ^ within tiie wrtieal i^m. «_ ,7^ 
 
 "• "» <rf Iw tide; or el» by riwlBrir ^^^ •"'"•™* <«rt in tl» water 1»Z^ 
 »•*"» «lattM th«tocoaaioBatf»8<*Lrf-«— .^^^ ^•**^'>'*t««»A 
 
The wtkd tipw li^vuM to kMneaaM V » •»* Wm ia whkh 1^ 
 
 la ■«*■ to pmprt tmaiua, and A«far oomwetioa witb ^ m* k ande 1^ 
 I of • loniBf aouU iioiai^ ia fte •adMTOur ti todno* w dbo* 1ht awtioa of 4» 
 
 la MtoWMriwg tito Hit itatieBs aboM aMOEtioiNd, it ma Howtiiaaa — Tnnjj- ia 
 brd«r to oMaia Ikt wbab riae aad fall of the tide, to floaatinirt a arnaO «■» of tiaibar, 
 Bud on 1|ii8 apBoB tide-Iioiue was ^aoed to ptoteot the inatnunento fma dw weatlMV. 
 ■tatiaoa wtf ei«eted nndn the imawdiato supnrnioa of fTlnlalii Dootlaa, 
 :i.NJt., aad llvir eatd^duneot often eaUed fw mudi judgBMot ia ntiHfltlrith (nw- 
 
 |tical dlAndtiai irfiich aroae, and in taUnc adrantace of'koal featoica to obtain avfi- 
 dent ahdtar, ia <ader to provide againat their deatnictton bgr tiia io^ itad tha aavafs 
 
 Igilesof thaviatttMaaoa! It irill be uaneoeiaaiy to deeeribe the atalltaa ia detafl b»- 
 yond fivac i^ foOowinc liat of them, with the obaerrea in duMle, and tha tlaie 
 during wbUk thagr hare bam in operation to data. 
 
 niM OAira ttjoimu mntaumBao xn to naanan, iMf. 
 
 St. Jtk», JT^B.— Chnge pkoed againvt wharf in hakwiv. IX "L Hutehiaoea, 
 I meteorologiaal obeervw, ia eharge. In operation aiaee Deeembar, 18M. 
 
 botMmm Poimi, Antieotlir-Otat eMoted for gatwe. H. Fope. lifhtlinimilmmiL 
 in charge C ft aa na tiwia o onmienc e d Jidy, 18W. 
 
 8t.Pia^ J^and, 03.—JQMatfi oit a crib buih into an t^aoiag b e t wii eu rock oii&. 
 S. C. CamplaB, Biq^erintnaeat of thu iaiand U^thouaes, )■ duoge. Obaerratiooa oom>' 
 menced SuptMabar, 1898. 
 
 • «■ 
 
 Magidm IaUMd:—M Grindstone, on eaat aide of the ialaadk Qaoge ia a wdl 
 iu a timber Wediwater, for better protec^n. A. Le Bouidaii, local auperinteodent 
 of telegrapfaa, ia dwrga. Oba^rvationa otnmneaoed Oetober, 18M. 
 
 QtM^.— Oai«e placed at L«vi» Diy Dodt. U. Valiqnet, engineer of Dry DoA, 
 in charge. Obaerrationa commwiced Noronber, 1^. 
 
 J'o^&erPoMU.— (Beginning made.) Gauge to be placed in a well sunk on shore, and 
 tide to be bd to it by a trench and piping. 
 
 Tms. 
 
 In the interasts of shipping, tho investigation of the tides has in general, diree 
 aspects: (1) The times of hifl^ and Iot- water at the principal harboun of die ooon- 
 try, and dw range of die tide. (1) The timea of hi^ and low watCT at die amalfer 
 ports along ^ eoasta, and die ^di of water on shoals and ban at their entrances; 
 in which the coasting veaBels are e^wcially interested. (8) The ^bcto of die tides in 
 producing enrrenta. In this last reelect the Lower St Lawrence, die Bay of Fnndy, 
 atid the iidets on oar Fadfio ooast, ore amonipt the most noiewortiiy ezrai^ to be 
 found anywhare. la regards hif^ end low water, the aggregate interesta of die ooast- 
 ing trade aae pwbal^ as g»eat aa Ooae of our few principal harbona. 
 
 In the St. Lawrence river itself above Quebec the tuka have beesi ebaarvad iar 
 some time in connection with the woA of ia^oving the navigaUe dianael of Urn 
 river, carried out nnder the dirertiat of Mr. J. Kennedy, Chief Engineer to the Har- 
 
 68»7-i 
 
10 
 
 tt^riwr Pifeto; and a ■i«D«l ttetkm h«d been 6ttd>Btf.«l to {ii<nflMft^dlp(h 
 «M«v IB «tw Mw dmuMl. A <bliaad •eoBBnt of *fcMe fade. i« .ho «iwB hrlhr 
 8to*,i OJt. rf the P^e W«k. D.,-n««t,-^Tli^^ 
 
 vAmi £iiciBMr of PuUio Weilul 
 
 A*i i "^ J*** ***^ «h«»«h»it 4. 3,dr of St. £Mmoe ttd on J 
 ^J«tfc 00-MI- tUd iafom«tio« wldA w, po-t« ta .tffl 
 
 i>i»d«Whlliiifai«oflUria,^«aot««8ertl,«»u,rtefor^ 
 
 To obtun the nqnind iaibnutioii, tidia itetjou mutt he eitebUdied et eouA 
 
 Ae kod diiineaoe. for the melkr port, eui eftenmdi be det«»iML In the 
 
 JTvL!? ^ S^ •***'*^ *** ""^ **^*^ i- thrt the kite h«hom« •>• often 
 the leeetnutaUeto hm u etetiooe fr^n wfaieh to deteinilne Jhe tfcld dUfawoe. for 
 
 qZ^ST!^''^ "^^ ^Jr~ '" *^ i^ ti»*^ h«hoa» «A a. 
 Qnebeiv 8t John. NA, end N«» York, ue »t the mootfa. of tidal rime- end this 
 
 ilT^l^^T?'***^*^*'*"**''*^**^ ***»«*» «»*««»• Toavoid 
 thU dtOeolty^ Sandy Hook haa been ohoeen inatead of JSew York haiboor, aa • point 
 
 of i«feienoe for other plaeea along the Atlantic ooaat At Qnebeo and St John, the 
 •ame local difienltiea occar; and altiiQn«fa it i. neeemry to ohaerve the Sea at 
 diaae harboon on account of their own iaipwtane^ h ia donbtfol whether St John I 
 will anawer satiirfaotorily as a port of wference for the Bay of Pundy. On this | 
 account it i. advisable to eataUiah an additional tide gauge as aoon aa poariUe at 
 Yarmouth, which is the best available point It ia free from local influences, and the 
 tidea have a more medium range than at St John, making reaults more reliable: and 
 It beat commands the entrance to the Bey of Fundy, as the tides enter the bay from 
 the eouthw«at For the Atlantic ooaM of Nov* Scotia, Haliisx i. undoubtedly the 
 tocaUty to select, as it has the advantage of combining both the objects referred to 
 It la a (pjestion, however, whether it would be best to place the gauge in the harbour 
 of Halifax, where the influence of the aocumukted tide in Bedford Basin may .have 
 an apprecuble effect It may be found on examination that a point outside the har- 
 bour, such as Chebucto Head, may give better naulta for the actual tide of the 
 Atlantic 
 
 In reco mmen d in g the establishment of a tidal gauge at Haliftut, it may be well 
 to endsin that to obtain a satkfact<Nry bask for tide tabhe at so important a point 
 the observations should be continued for a period of 19 years. This k tibe period of 
 revolution of the moon's nodes, and the period in whidi eclipses recur successively 
 in the same order. Althoui* there u a recurrence in each year of unusually hiRh 
 tides lit the equiuoxes in the spring and autunm, due to the confined influence of 
 the sun and moon at those seasims, yet the dedination of the moon k different at 
 eadi rauueeding equinox until the period of 19 years haa elqiaed. At the end of 
 that time the aun and moon are again in poaitions witt let^ect to flie eaitii iriiich 
 tin practioally identical with those whidi they had at first; and tiie wh(de oTthe 
 aaaockted phenomena, including the tides, racraunenoe again ia tiie — ~t sequence. 
 
 ■Hi 
 
I ^ 
 
 Lu k thwiif— ^ •>w»«^ *naM» Ivamt e/A for Urn oomol ««*«»•*««« o< 
 I A. A. QiiM o£ St LKmmm foma • large •»• wWch k newly knd-kd-d, it 
 
 Ll^«fi'Z»S^«t«BC« which «»««« it with th. «««. J5f»«^ 
 C^ h, 1i- Stnat rf Bdk W. k only .bout 10 ina«rjdd.«.rf^^ 
 Lfe th. oth« op«i«« btw«« Cpe Bieton .nd Newfoundknd, known on the 
 Ci - (JT? S h» . width of 60 n.ik. »d . depth »-' the trmjter p.rtj.f 
 
 ci^rSl-t 250 f. then.. i«<-i«^-r;**^'*«trfl^rl 
 
 Cb. tdnm into «oo«nt in it. «Ution to the tid« M«d eormits <>< *»»0^^ 
 K hrwiAwi«dtoth.-twom«nent«K«th«n.d.«^.^^^^ 
 lo, g^ted th.t their ininenc depend. ~ldy npon their wUtive dimw^on.- 
 ludS^the n«,«nent of iceber,. in the 8tr«t of BeBe Ide. ^^^^^ 
 L Z^» Urg. «nount of ooM wirter itod. it. way tfiro.1* It into ti«^Q^^ 
 
 L, be in mlity » hrMiA of the Pokr cnrrent on it. way *>nth femn ^'^^J^ 
 CL^tSSn«« to th. Qnlf n»y «m nnimi«irt«t - 00^^ 
 
 r3 b. w««nb«d th.t . cnnent of ««« h.H . mil. an hour throu^i. 
 K lli; ^ tX Qutf . .ohnn. of oold wator n««« th«i «^ 
 
 luiaii the Tcdnme diwiharied by the Biwr St Lawrmoe. 
 
 I Ai Mgard. tide, howe«r. the« k little douWt that the amount entering the Q^f 
 L the 8t^ Belk We k rektively T«ry .mall; but owing to the nature of tida 
 llduktion.. it k quite ,io«ble that it. effect, may be felt farther ^^^^^^^^^ 
 ■would .mn liWy. In addition to thk. the tide k «ure to have a direct influ«B« 
 Ion the namoBot of the current it the Strait It k therefore neccMary to ertabh* 
 |atidegaugeth«...«KmMpo«ible. The beatj^ition will proUbly l«rtj^^ 
 iBay. where there k a wharf and good ahdter. Thui bay i. ako at the narrowert part 
 I of the Strait '*«■ ^ <««w*" <*» **^ ** **""'^^" 
 
 I The main tide found in the QuM undoubtedly enters by Cabot Stadt (between 
 I Cape Breton and Newfoundland) from the general tidal waTC in the Atlantic, which 
 I advance, from the «>«theaat It k a remarkable fact that the tidal wave which 
 I enters here, does not k»e its«af in the great expanee of the Gulf area, but » again 
 ■ found with a range even- greater than before in the passage betw^ Gasp^ and 
 I Anticosti. and frem there continues ite couiae, with ever increasing 1««^*'_"P ^^ 
 I St. Lawrence to Quebec. Thk k well iUustrated by the curves already recorded by 
 I the tide gauges." The progrere of the tidal wave in thk leading direction, must te 
 I largely due to the exktence of a deep channel, which crosses the whole extent of . 
 I the GuH from Cabot Strait to the passage referred to. between Gasp6 and Antieoati ; 
 I and thence octenda up the St Lawrence nearly to the Saguenay. This channd thus 
 I extends for a distance of 600 miles, with an average width of 86 miles, and a con- 
 - tinuous depth of over 160 fathoms. It k thk channel which forms an avenue of 
 I least resktaiMie for the progren of the tidal wave. 
 
 I Thk win expUin in general the r««ons for the positions chosen for the tide 
 I gauges. It waa evident that obwirvations at some point in Cabot Strait wouW 
 I furnkh a key to the rituation; but the reeky cliflb on both sides, at Cape North ai^ 
 I Cape BiV. «d the roeky character and expo^id aituation of St Paul laknd, made 
 I itapp«Ti«f»«tfa»U*toFho..tid.gau». the». In locating the gauge on th. 
 
11 
 
 tUa^-tm^ ZST "WMWHt paiirt of AiMtmmH T r^ ^* •"•Wed 
 
 <*» « *• awiB cfautaij JZr ^ r y™"' Jdrirti^ ; 1W «m hm^ ^^ 
 
 W»»r Adb» wrt«, wiieh i, fcoJdJd l^tT-S* '^•«*««^ bv of «B«^. 
 ?^^WK* to Oh« B«tot^ -^ tji^JT^ ^ /^ 
 *P^«f J«*« th«,«^t twL Uy^Ji^ ^«« Edw«d W^rf B^ "^ 
 ^ tWri WW8 liM t» "Y •""'MM onjjr about thirtr f.tlw»». ^ 
 
 -sj^ >»- ti- c«rSThe^trniit:^ •* j-t -Xtsi 
 
 ^ «mo^ ftom the deep «te, J W^Si^ « thi. i. the point 
 
 • w«wl euficient to e,t.Mi«h it. tidTSfc J?^ ^ ' " * """P^wtiTely d>ort time 
 *•»«» be ntiHMd fei. *k- ^^ ^^ oJOiBrrause from St Pan] r«i-«j ■»«" iime, 
 
 At Father Point th- «--*. "** '^°» *^ w^'of nert «a«>n. 
 
 ^V^ .t from b*« c^ ^ray^r^JrJ*. ^^ ?«~ ^-.ter mark 
 5» rffw with the tide. Tbi, nee^L^^ ^^ *" '*«''» «fr«to up «.d .fown 
 
 J^^tie. the wharf atlSL^X^^^*;.^.^^^ On ««o«nt ^^ 
 »• trork WW oommenced. The diidmnL ^u -, ^ *"*"*• ^ examined brfore 
 
 ■"^•"w anuemait may iio« ^e 
 
i wndd iMtmtmwm^mAt «ilk AmntHam ami* ^ m. i 
 
 OB tfw obMftailHMi Mrf 1b« «aqile9«Mi of t w^ tto n t obwrrw fw te 
 r«wald ba 1m» wmmmImI Omb t» aulw «h» capcoditwn raqidnd to «rtiA8d> the 
 ) a* FatfMr Mat Iko pMoHfld cdvuiiNtB of FtdMr Point m tfio POoi Stttlaa, 
 k • stUl mm* tMfjrtaiit a««Btat in ita {aroor. tHw «Metion of tiw gaofa ttaaa 
 Ihanki theMfoM ha aaftkd oat aa aoon aa poaaiUa a«zt i 
 
 To oomplata tha nnadbar of prinrnpal atationa f o? the tidal obaerrstiooa in 
 aaoa with tibe tiaianatimia than gyrtn, thne additional tide gaugaa abonU be aneled 
 •1 Yarmouth, Halifax, and Bdk Ide, iwpectiTdy; tha station at Fathor F<^t aheuld 
 he aataWidwd, and tha tide gauge va the Magdalwi lalanda ihould be lemov^ to the 
 Tidnitgr of ¥iwtiAi Bay. I would leoommand that thia be done doting ^ eoniag 
 aaasoB in oxdet tiMrt lib» atationa may be in operation at the earlieat poaatUa data. 
 
 Than am two wajra in wliidi marine eunmlB majr be daarifiad. Fran At* poiat 
 ti view af the main routaa qf ncrigntion whioh tratene the Outf and f^low oar eoaatib 
 iinf may be tainiad Sp ee d Onmnta or Oroaa Ourrenta, aoowding aa they aanat or w^ 
 tud a veaael, or tend to oarry it lateraUy out of its ooune. The Outf Stream off tiw 
 coaat affordi an ezaaqile on a large aoale of a apeed cnmnt ; as vcaaab 
 Kew Todt and Hm Weat Indies oan obtain a distinct advantage in time by 
 loBowing or avoidii^ it. On tiie otiiav hand witii r^erenoe to t^ cauaea wliidi give 
 liaa to tiie eurronto, a diatinetion may be made between tidal ennents and tiiose pre- 
 daeed hurgdy or wfao^r by the wind. In tiiis oonneetitm also, the rdation betwesn 
 sarfaee enmnta and under onrrents is important; aa tiw wind may diqilaoe a surface 
 * ontent from ita normal potition, and tiraa allow t^ . water beneatii to replaee it to a 
 gm^er or has extei^ Thne afe other 'cauaes alao, such as difference of temperatoM, 
 wUflh may Mng an under current to tiw surface, or occasion a surface 4Mirzent tosink. 
 It most not, tiwiafore, be hastily assumed that inf(»niation regarding under eunentft 
 ia of no praetical use for the purpose of navigation. In addition to these cauaes tiw 
 heif^t of the barometer may abo have an appreei^le effect on the movement of cur- 
 rents. ' 
 
 In iUuatration of Ibe above points, some examples may be given from what is al- 
 ready more or less distinctly known or supposed to take place in the Lower St. Law- 
 rence and Oulf ; and theae examples may also serve to show the nature of the informa- 
 tion liiat it is so important to obtain with at least some degree of certainty. 
 
 From Quebec to FatfiK Point the tidal currents occupy the whr~3 widtii of tibis 
 rivar; and althooi^ they may clam as speed currents, it is only the smaller suling craft 
 that tdw uiy advantage <^ tiiem. The steamships take their diance of gain or kes 
 and diai e gaid them; althoui^ tiw direction of the curzmt has to be conaideied in cal^ 
 ewleting time of arrival in port, and nakii^ railway connections. Whoe tiw rivet 
 wideaa the caee ia differ^t, as part of the width is occupied by a constant downward 
 cuneat wbieb appears usually to run parallel to the sontii shore at no jrreat distance 
 from it, all tiw way to Qa&pi. It is possible that this current may prove to be due ua 
 iiiiii) iimaiiini l<i rtm w arm e r and freriwr watws of the St. Lawrence Biver, whidi would 
 naturaQy Jba* to the aurfaoe; and ita tendmcy to Iw^ to tiw south side may be oeea- 
 sioaa^ %gr Ae pnvailing '^' ^ tiea of the wind. There ia abo sraw reaaon to siQipoaa 
 

 «•«»>• «im«« on flie ronte of wiA oomta« IbwmA «»«-i. *^Bu» r 
 
 P««» of « ««i of mercury cor«»pond. to .bout . foot in th! SJ-Jl^T!!!^ 
 
 1 •qmHbrmai of the Ghdf wiB bo dictnbea. 
 
u 
 
 Ob 
 «f Ik* 
 
 ta 
 
 of <h««bntn ia 
 
 ia QMUiMtioo with tidal ttotioai. TUa b bfiiw 
 it ao iMii^UMwiiw laetwpolofiwl alMioa wbiok wfXk 
 
 AMD oDmnt Qv m Fi 
 
 On th* Faoiie ooart tiie ptiao^ baitean of Yiotoria, Nar Waataiiastar, Yaa* 
 fleam and Vaaahw, mw all aitoatcd oa tha atnite or iatarior watrn witUa 
 TaaoooTti Irind; aad tha tidw aad oumnta in thaae aw ray conplioatad ia 
 ^Wr «'«Mtar. Aa tha Stnit of Geoi«itt, which fbnaa tha latitat of Hmm iatarlw • 
 ■ maa i o a tw with tiw Paciio both to tha weat aad to tha north, Oa ttdea- 
 fteoi fcofli dMta ^netioDa; and tha tidal onmata of the niuaeroiu aouadi 
 ialrti iMA optn off At 8tnH itMlf, an tiraa oompHoatad with tiwta of fta 
 thiaa. It -vffl tharafm be naoeaaary to detonniae aa a baib tha tidt ia 
 Padi^ wnara it ia nni a iluwiead bgr the eOBota of tha onmnta ia dia iakta. 
 IVar tiiik porpoaa Oe beat poiat to lelaet ia-iaobably Cape Beak oa tiia waat aide of 
 ▼aoKimr lahuid. It b tiia moat aorther^ lii^thonae poiat on tiiat ihoie, aad 
 ftttdtitt nmorad froai tile mouth of the Strait of San Joaa de Fooa; aad tha Iobb 
 of the Oape itMlf iadioatea a good ahdter beride it. 
 
 Ia ideetiaf a poaitioa at whi«di to obaerve the geaeral tide ia the ana of 
 tha Strait of G««|ia, it aniat be remembend that the objeet in view ia chiaAr to aatab* 
 liah a ataadard to whidi the direction and time of diaaoa of the curraata eaa be 
 rrferred; juat aa the ourrenta in the Enyliah Channel an referred to the time of 
 hills watw at Dover. For the atraits and ialeta of the Paoific oaaat, ^ ^aad of 
 the cunonta, thnr dinotion and time of change, are fnUy BKnre important to a rm- 
 mi Han the actual time of hi^ water at the harbour to which it may be bonad. 
 Witii thia in view, tiie harbours of Yanaouver and New Westminater whidi opea 
 off the Strait, an not likely to prove anitable for the purpose, on account of tha db- 
 turinny inil u en ea a of Runrd Inlet and the Fraser river. The poaitiou eiwan 
 riiould be on the open shon of the Strait, itben it would be free from rocdi influenoea, 
 and alao from the tide-ripa whidi occur at the mouths of the smaller channels. A 
 podticoi at or near ^anaimo would fulfil these requirements, and would also be oea* 
 trally aitusMed witii regard to the area of the Strait. It ia probably that thia will 
 prove on the wlida the moat suitabk poaition for a tide station, to irfiicu the eur- 
 rente timacbont theae straits can be. referred. It will serve at the saaie time aa a 
 refanuoe station from whidi tl-'t tides at Yancoaver and New Westminster can be 
 detMmined. 
 
 The harbour of Yiotoria occupies an intormediate position between the outside 
 tides of the Padfio and those of the interior wsten of the Strait It would be wel^ 
 tbmfon^ to have a tide station at Yictori* or Eaquimalt to command the Strait 
 of Fuca, and to serve aa a connecting link between the outside and inaide tides aa 
 found at the other twa atations, as well as f(Hr the sake of the harbour of Yietoria 
 iteelfc 
 
 Tha aOTthna navigation to Alaska must remain for aome time to 0(»ie in 4^ 
 hands of oaptaiaa who have had the opportunity to aoqnin a koal aeqaaiBtaaoa 
 witii tlie tidea and currents am fhat route. But fov the prineipal harboun of ^^ii 
 
 mm 
 
!>«• 
 
 i 
 
 f^mMUhtt^bftUw. Om ik» Tmm torn, ^ 
 
 tuniif :l^ i* '*'~* "^^ •»-- -STiiirzc 
 
 "*''''» ■■•«■ •• Wd «mt dwjhtc «ii« ooaifaMi mimb- la himiIiii a. —- — ~ . 
 
 mjwnn or oomnti. 
 J(l) »omd o«ndltk«.-««l (8) «gpttod MadHioa. aad dlrtirtC^WhSI 
 ■WW • Mu^ mtmof mnmmmt nd prarailinf wiad tram tb» ■wrthiwat- m^ Mm. «< 
 
 iradw Ike nrnmalsjoaditimM tlMo, tin ]mSkm mom whfaih m»4-^ a^ 
 
 pnetealadraategiBof MHunoi. When dl th. tidil rti^kw wy«li •• li«« l«*«.*-i 
 
 pojJW. to drtemin. ««. of the tidd diffeteno- betw.* the p^Mat .^ wi& 
 Slt^^^ " ^"^ "^ «»-»t.«««. ia the intemt. of the 
 
 awdrt. ft » thwefow edfiieMe that tUe taaaeb of <i» watk k. 
 
; n4 It li «diy •!' 
 dw staff •! mrit in dta 
 
 , aooU 1m QtOiatd la tiM iriBtar 
 
 . to vorik up Om tUd ohMrrotfam of tfw whob tmt. TUa alndt ■ fnfflMr 
 Ib fsTOur of flarnriiw m *• **• taMnhw rf *• w«* luttAer.^ 
 
 mnitm amd tfnuitoM. 
 
 With ngard to mtthodi tad •»liino«^ It will only b. MOMMry rt piwmt to 
 • ft Inr flMMnl nmftiks. MariM rarrMjrt haro noeiTod a gnat atiimihu in 
 ,^t j«n f rom tho OkM$»tM' wpadltion fitted est by th* Britlah Admiiahy and 
 {MM tlM iBT«tigatk»a of tho Gotf Stiaaa by Ilia BUba in oouaetion with tlia 
 Unitad States Ooast Burray. If udi pngraa has thus baan made in the aiiplianoaa 
 used; the nae of tha drift buoy for tha measvrement of eurrenta has been laridy 
 ■upafaadsd by the onnmnt BMter. ahhoofh In soma eaaaa tha older methods aan itffl 
 be wad to adrantaga. Tha mpgi^aum dariaed for the BUu have made it ptM-, 
 tieaUe to anehor in daptha ranging from 9.OT0 to 8,000 fathoma. It is of Aa gM«t> 
 est advantaga to work from a Teaad at anohw, aa it affords a fiasd point ftom whiah 
 to datarmiaa the dinetion and Tdoelty of the ourwnts. Thia is eapeeialiy i mport aitf 
 whan Hm land is too distant to dats tm ins the diMotion and (Qaed oi ft einraa* br 
 the drift of die veasdi itself; and sndi determinations from drifting are in any aaaa 
 oompUofttad with lea-way from tha wind. Tha deptha in ^ QnM ara not a» f onrfdf 
 aUa as those enoountered by the BUtk0. aa they nowhew awseed 800 fathoma. lot 
 tlie aomy of currents, the use of a sailiug waiel is found to be invraetieftUa w 
 account of the long delay in arriving at the spot where the obeerrations are reqv^ 
 and the impoariWlity of doing ao in a calm, lAioh is the Tory time when the obear- 
 vationa would be the most accurmte, the long time required to heaTO up the anchor 
 by a hand windlass, and the danger to the vessel during thU delay, if bad weather* 
 the cause of departure. For these reasons it is neceswiry to have a steamer with 
 steam winches, fa., which a few additional appUances would prepare for anchoring. 
 
 The observations should include the density and the temperature of the water, aa 
 well aa the direction of the currents. The density is chiefly useful as an indication of 
 iU admixture with fresh water, either in the estuary or in the neighbourhood of melt- 
 ing icebergs. The temperature bar always been found a valuable guide in tracing cur- 
 rents. In SMoe situations it will be advisable to determine the under currents also. Tha 
 speed of the surface currents thepwdvee should be determined at a uniform depth ci 
 10 feet, as this may be taken in general aa half the average draught of a vessel. The 
 speed, at this depOi, will best show the movement of the body of the surface water, in 
 relation to its effect in drifting a vessel 
 
 In the coming seaaon, I would recommend, as the moat effective way to commence 
 the woric, that surveys be made of the two main entrances to the Gulf, at BcBe Isle 
 and at Cabot Strait, between Cape Breton and Newfoundland ; in order to determine 
 the amount and direction of the currents that may be found to paw througdi *haaa 
 dominant openinga. To do this worit satirfactorily, obaervations should be carried 
 on umohaneondy at the two ^aeea, and should bo continued for about three montha, 
 in order to secure the truly normal conditions of the eprrenta, the effect of the di««* 
 

 
 •w^ tl» aBmy «# 111. WM,^, -fcZT; 
 
 la 
 
 with tVMid 
 
 *• A pnetieal fmimmiiioe iiiMi * k. i... ' 
 
 port of Hdifiu, b. thi. depa^r '' *^ *""'«"- ^^ «* table. f^^T 
 
 W. lAwioioe. '^ "^ o^r^ ot the oumnt, ia the Onlf of 
 
 figr 
 
 ^ nee.ed.t aftlo^^t^,,^p^^ ^ 
 
 <iii 
 
& n Mf ah* W 
 
 
 •HMyMfla^ 
 
 I ISMii lift WB 
 
 W.BILLOAWWm. 
 
 ■UBVir or TTOBS AKD OUBXENTS. 
 
 ■nnuva loa m Anu. Ti«a UN-M. ^^ 
 
 tidditottoM ftt B«lk Uk. Hidifu. uid Tar- ' 
 
 aoB«k, iaaiodiiw ooil ol tUt gaosM «w( •reetioa 1 8,S00 
 
 Hmaoni of tid* ■■«•• ftoa ]li«iU«i Ukads to Min* 
 
 ■UU, aftar alM mnAs. MO 
 
 IrtabUntaMBt of gmfB «t fMlMr Firiat TOO 
 
 Mahrtwaaoo of aiaa tMal otatfoaa, at 1800 aaoh. iadod- 
 
 ia« talair of olMWvan w S.700 
 
 PaUfeatiaB of «Ma taUw « .. MO 
 
 ■agtaoaf ia Aum, aabty I|0M 
 
 Awiataiit to ■uperriw otaetkn of AAe flsafao, wnd ttew 
 ONiatairt muftfftm wad oooBpntan, fot ratwr of tht 
 ooNBto, sad for wofkiiw up iht tidal okMrvaUraa. S,OM 
 
 Tnvdliat a^MMas aad fidd flqmiM of ataff 1.SW 
 
 Hiia of boatoaaa. MO 
 
 Fitti^ta for atoasMr, de«p laa andwraca, aoundinc appli- 
 
 •noaa, eumnt laatera, iaatnunanta, 4o. 8,M0 
 
 Add tot ooatiniaBoiaa— aay S per oant 14M 
 
 Hw of Btoaowr for four montlit at the rate ^f $16,000 for 
 
 a fun aeaaou of aavan montlia tfiOO 
 
 $ 89.000 
 
■l 
 
APPIVDIX. 
 
 onrMnoMnom un 
 
 fMM Ml fo UN. 
 
 UMl iim^ Wntrtr^T liMit. ia «Im AammX B«wl of «• 
 MiiteLuirVatettel3>«»u.flHiBfAiMMi- 
 
 DwiM *• BMt MMO% 4m attMtkm of te D iji ffwi tar •• 
 te II iTiiilMiiiff tit«V"-"-g • MriM «f itotioM m tiM «M^ «j 
 
 1* drfs Mpott 
 
 .^_ _^ - of tiw DtMTtMMt of Mariaa lo» IStO ; Mttta^M ¥•. M. 
 
 B-^TiTrilw WS; by Mr. CJiwl- 0«,-«l. Wwotor o£ tho Mo««m>laffl«l 
 SriMb «d liort. A. It O idoB, KSM., m oboody oitod, vm »• 
 
 Utt D^Bty lUaktar'o Roport ia Ao Amtori Bi»ofl of »• DopirtMnt <rf 
 
 ^&'ir.f ?!Sa;i:S2t r;;ns'^ t^'^j^js^ *• 
 
 ion. Mttydd. :»w nm m1m« md bo«i wfwjtad iB tbo d»fta«i i*« ttjo»^ 
 
 SliSTT^diray. ooaa-rtod Witt th. dimtkm «d fo«» rf 
 
 dktioo. Wliik «Ua b troo of mrfMt eonoati, thorn to immb to •»»»" -'»«2^!" 
 
 thTipwtar 9«rt of thob Imrdaritfa* m trulj tidd and thdr lawo iwy ko awjortola- 
 
 •" "^aS fflSSii'oSX'^whldi h-l a-»a ^t- »t««^^ 
 
 had bwa tdm and . joad by aothod. which m new »«»tni«od«i beia* inadognata 
 
 tTthTaolatlfl* o£ the problom. It waa tha«f «« daoidad to take oh.«wti»» ot a 
 number of pdnta in the Dominion and hate them fednoed by modern m«*hode. Fot 
 Ihtoi^^a. .d£-»oorfin, wHam *«. i«portod '«» SooUand i^ .i^jnjm 
 Mleeled for the ei«tlon of theae gan«oa donn* the aeawn of 18W »»yj^- 0V»^ 
 at the foDowiB, placea. ria.: St John. N3.. Father Point, P.Q., and Sou J Wert 
 Point. AntiooH^* It U propo-ed to keep the ~^-"««Sf «^ ' At"^"^ 
 ninetaan ywM for the purpoae of aaoertdninif the ton* period tidea. At other pointo 
 .imilar obaerrationa with aimilar gange. wiU be ^"'f'^'^^y^^J^J*^ 
 of three ymn, while at the same time, ob^wrationa for a perioo «< t^^™™**" ^» 
 be talmn at nnmerona intermediate «t*U'>'»« m order to ennpiete tne »yii*m. 
 
 Mr Oannael dnrin* tiie month of October viaited certain pointa f or the pnrpoje 
 of ■.^.fpt.ti.tt.t their anitabiHty for obeerving etationa and has reported that it would 
 be bettertokaTe the eetobliahment of aome ten tide-eUtf aUtiona until the opening of 
 .lavintion next apring. The wpctaHture oa ac<?o«nt of tiAil oheerratioM in« uHing 
 
 obsemtioBa at Halifax waa •l.«64.9«. Ti^ taWea for *»» P«* «»i^«rr,** 
 tributed in 1890 for the paat yeart and tide tabfea »»*« •'^'JyJ** *4S?^^ S 
 Coltectora of Ouatoma along the eouth eoart of Not» Scotia for he year 1899, free of 
 
 charge. 
 
 •That* Udt eaaaea w«r« wA •« aatWae'-'r wnrkicg vr^mt entll MM and MM. 
 mu «•!»• OwyUr mi. th» arat year ot pabUoiUlea. 
 
■WW J^^ Of lUria. «, TiAmim. 0*nr^ U^l, the JLdSrSE 
 
 **« i« «rf i«ti>ra!S!^y;**,^^<«»*- Th.othe»I would tm 
 •«i^otl««srpi3?Mili^^~*^ «• »«*^ « *»» lUg^lSbK 
 
 •i •» oJt^'** ■** ^ '* •'"^ •* *'«'*'«^ 3FoiBt^ Aatioorti. 
 
 ««»• Wag into&nd with iffiSt^ « thu «„ « the dugw of th. ohmra- 
 iUKi ^litn^^J^iJj^ to tfce^te WM not .^ 
 
 wring to • «tom having dertwS^^e^Sl!^ *«, ^ ^'^ '*"*■«'' "Jthoui*. 
 
 ■«rted with the Mrrioe. ^ MWting gauges and in other woik^ 
 
 C^jit Doq^as joiBad ne at 0«ebM n. J»u i« j 
 
 ^^ together «anuning the «te wSXl tSStS inlf ' • 
 
 TOd ftat It w.., the meet eiigibfe that couW be ^J^TJ u^ ^'"^^T J*"'** 
 
 «*-/. with certain api^ane.., «, ^^^H'oulJl'^i"^^ 
 
 *-» ^n« order by thelSTASueT^ "* *^* «»«« ^ P»-oed «d 
 
 jjt ^t;tt*«iss-.L' i"te^^'-Jl„^^.tJr\;i?- -* --^ 
 
 WWB not venSed. • 'w as wih fce ieen later, these artieipatioM 
 
 iMTing Southwest Point on the 12th Ai»r„^ 
 Wo selected a site in the northe«t wrnS^f tK'JlP'^*^ *« 8*- John, N^. 
 I«f««ee to on. I had h«pSe?3.ri tJ^^Sf "" ^^' ^O'"*^^, « 
 jently e«cted now stands, buHtlattiTthl^aJK;?^' "^ ^^ ^ 1^^ 
 
 We Aen proceeded to GrindBtone. Ma^W W^^^L!!"** '""* •»<* hawsers. 
 M. During our stay an .«eile„t site forTiriZ. ' '^'T ** "^"^ «» Ang«t 
 the bred^ater buUt by one of the £d^*.JiSS: I^ ST" f i*^*^^ 
 
 . uaue. A i^an and aped- 
 
ftMtiM •! «ki «eA to te te^ 
 
 iiwitofl ly Oi9^ 
 
 W« l«ft Gviacbttme on Avgnrt 10, and I imtrnflted Oapt DoiicIm to vnwii to te 
 bind «f 8*. Pfear*» Gabst Stoait. ud aea if ha MvldtDdaaaitriilarito lor a •aim 
 and tiwa to froceed with tlw «M*ion ei tke lanae at St. John, 113. I mynlf laadad 
 at Soari% P.EX, iriMi I laoad would be a anitiMe phoa for a wngt. 
 
 Captain Doii|^ found St. Paul's a very difficult place to visit and nucb time was 
 lost owiw to Ua havinv to wait for the as. fforlaw, the only steanahipoaOinff diere; 
 it was tiinafore te Mi of September befera he landed. 
 
 He soon found an excenent site in i^ small oore. A good shelter from a asteilj r 
 gales wd the Atlantic ocean is afforded by the small rodty ialand running parallel and 
 close to the shore of the main island Tlw ds^ of watter at low watmr springs is three 
 feet, but that can be increased by one or two feet by the removal of the looaa stones and 
 bouUsBs en the bottom, and the foundation made level and aaeure tbersby. The bottom 
 is rodly with very lihle depont of sand or ailt, and that would entirdy disappear in 
 the fan when bad weather brings in heavy aeaa on the coast. The site is idmnt 6S0 
 .Tsrda from Mil Campbril's, ^ superintendent, house. The road is good, but fiom 
 twenty to thirty yards from the level XxuA to the face of the cliff above the propoaed 
 site a path prtrteeted by a handrail and rou|^ planking would have to be made at a 
 email cost From the edge of the cliff to the top of or side of the office, steps for 
 ilescending would be required. 
 
 Captain Doufl^ returned to St. John, N3., on the 14th September, and tenders 
 having been asked iat, the offer of Meaors. Beatty ft Thompson was accepted. 
 
 The woric was a very difficult one to aecomplidi, as the gauge column had to be 
 placed on the rodty bottom of the harbour in 53 feet of water at high water sprinir 
 tides. T e bottom was too hard to drive piles into ; the wharf against which the gauge 
 is placed is not in good condition ; the rise and fall at springs is 80 feet, and the gauge 
 column had to be heavily ballasted to counteract the floating power of 86 fe-.t, whidi 
 had to be perfectly water-tight. 
 
 Captain Douglas left for Antioosti on the 28th October and returned to St. John, 
 N3., on the 14th November, where he found the work nearly completed, but the gauge 
 column needed protection from ice and small craft using the small dock steps. To 
 effuut this, strong sheet piling was placed to about 8 fert below the aero I used in plac- 
 ing the gauge. 
 
 On the 1st October a very hard gale frcnn the northwest brought in an unusually 
 heavy sea at Southwest Point, Anticosti, which washed away the beams and other 
 fastenings of the gauge column, as well as a large quantity of atone ballast used in 
 the foundation of the woric, and as a protection from the outaide. 
 
 Miss Jessie Pope, who was in charge of the gauge in the absence of her brother, 
 Mr. Herbert Pope, at the time it was wredced, during the gale at great pmwnal xiA, 
 saved the valuable mechanism in connection with t^ automatic gauge, and enalftled 
 Captain Douglas to bring it to headquarters after his second visit to Anticosti. 
 
 Captain Douglas ' ' 'ted Southwest Point in November Isst and made a careful 
 re-examination of the iy. 
 
 During the winter it was found that the eye reading gauge at St. John was not 
 working satisfactorily and another form of gauge was substituted for it. This like- 
 wise did not woric well and it was found that some one had dropped things into the 
 well and almost choked it. The well was cleaned out and then worked satisfactorily. 
 
 It was found that it would be cheaper in re-erecting the gauge at Southwest 
 Point, Antocoeti, to use an old boiler for placing the tide well in, than a wooden box 
 as before. 
 
 While the necessary fittings were being made and the materials for the crib- 
 work were being got together. Captain Douglas visited several points near Cape 
 lineier and found at Fox River a suitable position for a gauge. He then took the 
 gauge, well, materials and workmen to Southwest Point. 
 
to b« yrt Mieoted. *" '* *^°* **'•'' Sourfa and soim other statioiM 
 
 "ntUL OmiBTATION WMK. 
 
 mit. a ^ry full report TS work 1^.^^ * ?' ^T"* "«* Fisheri* He^nb- 
 
 rf work done in thi. .errice while und^^ch^tf M^r*^"" V' . ^ "»«»* 
 D«w«m'. appointment, will be found in An^di^n a ^5''?T*''' »"" *° M'- 
 director of the Meteorological emioe *^^'''' ^*- ^' »**««l»ed <» his report m 
 
 datefiathnLtriSntSHSat^ '-L^'- ^- «• Dawso. 
 
 of the Chief Engineer, is tlJ'^S? whicitl?v"ni Lf L^^^""*'"^ "'"'' 
 
 I* J- 
 
 /