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\_Riprinled from the Juiirniil of the Chemical Societi/, Jlni/, 1871 •]

7t^'V ''

ON A WATKU I'lJO.M ■rilM COAL .MEASURES AT VVMST-
VILLK, NOVA SCOTIA.

!iv l'i-t)fi;ssm'^^l low, D.C.Ii., University df Kin<,''s College, Windsor, N.S.

In a papir jmblishcd iu tlic Journal of the Chemical Society for May
.1H"0, f described an acid water from tlio Acadia Coal Mines atSteliar-

U/ ton, Pieto/1 county, N.S. Tlio subject of the present coninumieation
was obtained from a neigbbouriiij^ mine in the same county, tlic Black
Diamond Colliery, situated at WestvlUe, a new villafije about two miles
west of the former pliice. Thi,s water dillers I'rom that obtained at Stel-
larton, whicii was partly of surface origin, in liavini^ been taken from a
coal pit, and while the former furnished a good illustraticju of the evils
attending the use of such a water in boilers, this gives an oj)portunity
of comparing a water from the productive coal measures with Ihoso
arising under dili'erent getdogical conditions. In ISGo, I tlescribed (o
the Society* a dense brine from Salt-springs, Picto;! county, which,
though containing more salt than the others, as yet ascertained, pro-
bably shows the general characti'r of the brines issuing from the lower
<!arboniferous and gypsiferous districts of this province, since it agrees
with another of them, from Walton, a distant locality, as I have shown, f
in containing sulphate of calcium as the most abundant ingreilient after
chloride of sodium, and smaller quantities of chloride and carbonate of
magnesium and calcium, though the amounts of these are not alike,
either absolutely or relatively. There arc other waters ai'ising in these
gypsiferous districts in which sulphates are the chief constituents,
chlorides being nearly absent. For example, the S])a Spring water of
Windsor, Hants county, contained, when I analysed it in 1858, solid
matter to the amount of lo8 grains in the imperial gallon, of which
about KM) were sulphate of calcium, 12 consisted of sulphates of

; magnesium, sodium and potassium, and only OO of any ehloi'ide, that

• Journal of the Clicinleal Socictv, xviii, 4t.

+ Trunsactious N.S. Institute, lyori, ami iliui'nilogv of X..^'., [i. 113.

((

a. dc^w'. -.. >;:.»«-*

now ON A WATER FROM THE COAT. MEASURES

of soilinm.* These eminently suli.lmtca waters preKoi.t interesting
eontrnstswitli tliose in wliidi clilori.tesare by nuu-li tliei)repnn.lernt.n«
constituents, as tl.e snlino water of Bms .I'Or, Capo Breton, anaiyscl
by myself,! the brines of Onondaga, Now York, examined by I'rofessor
(iilssn.ani.,: sevral otl.ers deseribed by Dr. nunt.§ and the Wheal
ClitFord water analvs.-d by Professor W. A. Miller, |1 and also with tho
Kissingen water at Harrogate, examined by Dr. S. :Mn8pratt,t aTid
those described l)y Dr. Hunt,** in which chlorides are abundant aT.d
sulphates are absent. All these waters, excepting that from Harrogate,
which is irom rocks at tho junction of the permian with tho car-
boniferous, issue from .systems older thaai the carboniferous ; and wo sec
the same fcatui-es presented by waters of intermediate times : for tho
brines of tho valley of tho Alleghany River, obtained from borings in
tho coal formation, are remarkable for containing largo proportions of
chlorides of calcium and magnesium, though tho sum of these is never
' ccpml to more than about one-fourth of tho chloride of sodium. Tho
presence of salts of barium and strontium in tlieso brines, and tho
consequent absence of sulphates, is, according to Lenny, a constant
character in this region over an area of two thousand square ^milos.ft
In this curious circumstance, these waters agroo with tho Kissmgen
water, and several of the Canadian waters described by Dr. Hunt. J J

Tho water now to be described was mentioned as having been taken
from tho productive coal measures. These constitute tho middle coal
formation or the coal measures proper of this province, according to
the arrangement of Dr. Dawson, who says that this series includes tho
producti\°o beds of coal, and is destitute of true marine limestones.
IJeds tinged with peroxide of iron, are less common in this formation
than in any of the others of the system. Dark-coloured shales and
grey sandstones prevail, and there are no conglomerates. §§ These beds
are separated from the gypsiferous group before referred to by tho
underlying millstone grit series, and they represent tho lower coal
measures of the United States, and in part, the coal formation of Britain.
Two samples of water were taken from the same pit at tho Black
Diamtmd Colliery, under somewhat diflferent circumstances, and sent to
mc for examination in November 1870, by A. W. Greig Esq., super-
intendent of the Nova Scotia Coal Company, who was desirous of
ascertaining whether the water would answer for use in his boilers.

* Chcm. News, is, 98. t Clicm. News, is, 97.

X Silliman's .Touniol, July, 18G7.

§ Gi'ology of Canada, 1863, p. 53 ; and CoutributioiLs to the Chemistry of Watcrg,
SUliman's Journal, 1865. II Chern. News, x, 181.

11 Chom. News, xiv, 49, and xv, 245. ** Loc. cit.

tt Bisohof, Clicniu'.al Geology, i, 377. JJ Loc cit.

§§ Acadian Geology, Second Edition, p, 130.

^~*fc-..Mii i wri j rgiifatn iii i i ftgjyim i aiWfl i Mhffi

GrE>/o^o

lASUUES

)iTKoiii iiiloiTstinp;
lli{'])rfpnii(lerntiiifjf
J Bn'tDii, nnalyHCil
miiifil 1)}' I'n'fcssor
t.§ iiiiil tbo Wlicnl
I (uiil also witli thii

Muspnitt,! ami

are fti)uii(lant aTul
lat from IIuiToj^alo,
lian with tlio car-
fovons ; aiul wo sco
iito limes : for the
cl from borin>,'H in
irj^o proportions of
[1 of those is never
c of sodium. The
['sc brines, and the
Lenny, a constant
nd square miles.ft
ivith tho Kissin^en
. by Dr. Hunt. + J
5 having been tiikcn
ite the middle coal
Dvincc, according to
s series includes the

marine limestones,
a in this formation
;olourcd shales and
irates.§§ These beds

referred to by the
sent tho lower coal
formation of Britain,
luo pit at the Black
astancos, and sent to
Greig Esq., super-
ho was desirous of
■ use in his boilers.

News, is, 97.

the Chemistry of Waters,

News, X, 181.

lit.

tt Loe cit.
130.

»«

AT WESTVir.Lr., N'OVA SCOTIA. 8

Tlie wafers were bright and elcar; tiny had no odour; their taste
was that of good spring water. 'I'licy gave respoeliveiy the following
results: —

Ortiiiit in tho iinporiiil ^'iilloii.
xNo. I. No. :i.

Hiliea u-(.i;{ (c-l.C)

Carbonate of calcium ll-r).") 1(»'.M>

Carbonate of magnesium ;{'(>7 ',i'!'>7

('arl)onate of iron traces traces

Chloride of sodium OH 1 M7

Suiphiiti of pDta'isiiim I'll l-;,H

Sulpliiite of sodium 417 2''>0

Fhdsphorie acid none none

t)rgiinic matter tioiio traces

Carbonate of sodium ,'{•,")") ^-jj^

Free carbonic acid undet. uudet.

Specific gravity lOoU-Ljl) 10()u;i;{!)

>»•'■ Hence it appears that tho waters were essentially tho .same; they
had an acid reaction on litmus; the ))aper regained its blue colour on
drying; they gave off a good deal of carbonic acid gas, and deposited
carbonates of calcium and nuigtiesium on boiling; nearly all the former
was thrown down after two or three hours' boiling, and on concen-
tration, a mei'e trace remained dissolved, The waters soon acquired an
alkaline reaction on evaporation ; and when concent rated, they coloured
turmeric deep brown, effervesced with acids, and contained sulphates,
alkalies, and a notable quantity of magnesia.

Ti.e waters being one and the same, n ;iy bo spoken of as the water
from Westville, and, of course, in reforenct to the condition after loss of
tho carbonic acid, which renders tho corbonates jjresent bicarbonatcs,
as an alkaline water. It is interesting to find the composition of this
water so totally unlike that of any of the waters eP ■ liis province as yet
analysed, though this was to be expected consicV • / the diflferent geo-
logical conditions under which those which have ■. -n examined ari.se.
The small quantity of chlorides may have some relation to the absence
of marine limestones in the productive measures mentioned by Dr. Daw-
son, and is in very strong contrast with that in the brines from the coal-
formation of tho Alleghany River district referred to above. In the
waters containing carbonate of sodium analysed by Dr. Hunt, which
form his fourth class,* chlorides are sometimes absolutely mid relatively
more abundant than in this case; but on the whole, this is the class to
which the "Westville or Black Diamond Colliery water belongs.

• Loc. cit.

HABBrSON AND SOUS, PniNTBBS IN OKDINARY 10 HEB MAJESTf, ST. MABTlN'e l7ne.

■;•■■■■■■ ^■■- ■ . •' '

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