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Ptytted bfCiJMiiiiony (HCK, AND JOY, PATr.RNOSl ilR WOW J. K. R1CHAHU80K, < 0«Mini. ; J. n«M*TH, Dt'KF.-STUKEV, # I I J/ 7 11 J ^\ \ vi «f THE COLONIAL JOURNAL No. III. OCTOBER, r-jv 1816. (TO BE CONTINUED QUARTERLY.) n lottDont Printed by G. Davidson, Old Bosteell Court : /or BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, PATERNOSTER ROW J. M. RICHARDSON, CORNHILL ; J. BOOTH, DUKE-STRGETj PORTLAND-PLACE; W. BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH; ANDJ.CUMMING, DUBLIN. CONTENTS OF No. III. in. iv. I. COLONIAL SCENERY, PLATE III.— A View of the City and Fortress of Qiielifc, riigiavcil by Mr. C. J. Keiuiion, from a Driiwiiig by Mr. W. rcachy; witb a Description II. COLONIAL ZOOLOGY, PLATE III.—The Stag or Red-deer, from North America, engraved by Mr, J. Scott, from a Drawing by Mr. R. Lawrence ; with a Description . - - POETRY . . . „ . . England and her ColonicH .... NOTICE OF " POEMS, CHIEFLY ON THE SUPERSTITION OF OBEAH"(conchided) - . . . V. A GENERAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES OF THE KINGDOM OF GREAT BRI- TAIN AND IRELAND, in the Yc.ir 18I(). VI. CORRESPONDENCE . . . . - Onthe Death of Mr.Scmplc An Account of the Natural Products of Demarara and Essequibo Niitural Advantages of the Red River Colony Abuses at the Cnpc of Good Hope .... Doctrine of Natural Allegiance - . . . Valueof the West India Colonics Facts rcluting to the Insurrection in Barbados Cliui'ch Missionaries at Antigua . . . Manufacture of Indigo by the scalding Process VII. INDIGO, ITS HISTORY, CULTIVATION, AND COM- MERCE; particularly its Manufariiirc by the Scalding or Di- gestive Process, ami tlie Practicability of reviving the Trade in the British West Indies ... VIII. AN ACCOUNT OF THE MISSIONS IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, appointed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Purts - ... Page. II ib. i>3 84 ib. 25 27 29 ao 3(j 37 3U ib. 39 1. Newfoundland a. Nova Scotia a. New Brunswick 4. Cape Breton - *a6 -57,59 • ib, (JO -59,63 •ib. ib. CONTENTS. s. I'pprr Caiiaila (i. Lower Canada • AH, 04 -59,Jb. IX. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HALIFAX DIOCESAN COM- MITTEEof theSuciely for Promoting Clirifttiau Knowledge, fur the )e«r ISIS • ... X. PLAIN AND AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS IN JUSTIFI- CATION OF THE CONDUCT OF GOVERNOR AINSLIE, ill (he Reduction of u iiuwt formidable Rebellion among the Slaves in the island of Dominica . . • XL COLONIAL COLLECTIONS - - - - 1. Hudson's Bay - ... Copy of the Charter of the Hudsoii*ii Bay Company y. Vppbr AND LowKR Canada Account of the Quantity of Wine and Spirits, and West India Produce, imported into Lower Canada, in IHI^ Account of the Number of Shipa and VcsmIs which cleared outward from the Province of Lower Canada, in 1815 - Imports into Quebec duriagthe Years 1811 to 1815 inclusive; with an Account of the Vessels and Tonnage cleared in the same Period from the Hame Port XII. CIVIL LIST OF THE PROViNCE OF LOWER CANADA, 1816 . - . . - XIII. REVIEU' OF BOOKS . . . - Ktistcr's Travels in Brazil . . . • Koster's Amfelioraliou of Slavery ... Peual Euactmcuts of the Registry Bill (concluded) .YIV. SUMMARY OF COLONIAL AFFAIRS, OCTOBER, I8i6. The British West Indies .... liritish North America . . . - Red River Colony > . . - - Nova Scotia . . . . • Patriotic Metropolitan Colonial Institution proposed Cape Breton ..... Prince Edward's Island . . . . XV. COPY OF A MEMORIAL OF THE SHIPOWNERS OF LI- VERPOOL, complaitiine: of (he Charges at His Blajesty'H Cu«. tom-houses in moitt of tite West India Colonies «*7 7» 88 88 ib. 99 ib. 100 ib. lui lOS lb. ib. mC itil ib. I6(i 170 il>. 176 177 17!> • 18L XVI. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS - - 139 Session of the Assembly of Barbados, 13 iG > - ib. XVII. STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS - - - 193 1 Ionian Islands • ... Pi-oclainations of His Majesty's Civil Commissiom-r > ib. 12. Nrw South Wales .... igQ Copy of a Letter from the Enrl Bathurst to Governor Mac. quarie, dated Downiog-ttrcct, 03d Nov.isn • • ib. ti. CONTENTS. 7» 88 88 ib. 99 ib. ib. 105 ib. ib. mC ib. I6(i 170 il>. 176 177 1/9 18L 199 ib. 193 ib. 196 ib. XVIIl Paf*. 3. United STATBior Ammiaa • - tioa NewTariff of the United States of America • • ib. 4. Framcb ..... New Fremli TuriiF . - -909 5. RviilA • • • • - New Ruiiian Tariff (concluded) - • • 919 6. Frbnch Wut Inoim > - , • Decree of Louii XVIH, reapecting the Trade of Guadaloupe 991 7. Britiih NoiiTii Ambbica • ... Alt Account of the Number and Tonnage of the Ships and Vetiela which entered inwards, and cleared outwards, uf Canada, Nora Scotia, New BrunRwick, Prince Edwanl's . Island, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland, to and from any part of Europe south of Cape Finisterre, Malta, the Wes< tern Islands, and Madeira, distinguishing each in each Year, froni |8U(} to 1814, both years inclusive; and the number of Men employed therein ... An Account of tbe Number and Tonnage of the Sliips and Vessels employed in each Year in Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Cdward^s Island, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland, from tbe year I8O0 to 1814, both inclusive • . . . . 8. Abolition orTHBSLAVETRADB Treaty between Great Britain and Portugal respecting the Slave Trade, is 15 Dispatch from Viscount Castlereagh to the Earl of Liverpool Note from Viscount Castlereagh to Prince Talleyrand r spatcb from Viscount Castlereagh to the Earl of Liverpool Another - ... Mote from Prince Talleyrand to Viscount Note from Viscount Castlereugh to Prince 9. Spain. Spaniiih Treaty, I8i4 Three Additional Articles . LAW PROCEEDINGS Castlereagh, Talleyrand, %Vyatt V. Gore XIX. OCCURRENCES - - XX. APPOINTMENTS XXI. BIRTHS - - - - XXII. MARRIAGES .... XXIII. OBITUARV XXIV. SHIP-LETTER MAIIJS XXV. RETURN OF PACKET-B0.4TS XXVI. STATEMENT OF THE PACKET-BOATS ON THE FAL- MOUTH STATION, October 24, I816; Postagetu and from ( iiMiidon and Falmouth j Days of making up Mails; last Packets SBikd; next Packets due; Arrivals and Date uf Mails - . • • - 338 994 995 ib. ib. 9.'5 9SS QiO ib. 930 ib. 931 939 933 ib. 974 989 ib. Sti3 984 987 ib. TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. The Editor/eels it to be in vain to repeat his apologies for the irregu- larity of publication', hutftntlcra himself that the circumstances to which it is to be ascribed will not occur again, and that there will be no caute for future complaints. Several Papers, intended for insertion in this Number, are reserved for other opportunities. IVe regret that the communication of B. B. did not reach us in time to enable us to avail ourselves of it. We are obliged to C. C, whose favour shall have an early place. A. Z. is under consideration. Our thanks are due for several works relating or interesting to the Co' lonies, which have been obligingly forwarded to us. A General Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Fiew of the British Empire in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, with an appropriate Map, in an early Number. Original drawings of views, objects of art, natural history, Sfc, willal' ways be acceptable. The Colonial Occurrences, Appointments, Obituary, ^-c. for 181C, which the pressure of other mutter prevented us from inserting in Nos, J and II, has almost equally excluded from the present Number, will be fully attended to in Number IV; and those departments of the Colonial Journal ivill not be suffered to fall into arreur hereof er. N THE COLONIAL JOURNAL. OCTOBER, 181(). COLONIAL SCENERY. PLATE III. A South-west View of the City and Fortress of 2uebec. THE spot occupied by Quebec has a grandeur of appeuruiice* and a natural military btrength, which not only adapt it, in reality, to be a foremost beat of connucrce and dominion, but strongly im- press upon tlie mind of the beholder the sentiment of that adapta- tion. The breadth of land and water, the islands, mountains, and capes, which the eye commands on every side ; the communicatioa with the sea, accessible to the largest navies, and the sudden con* tracti(m of the banks of the river, at the southern foot of the pro- montory, where a barrier is thus formed between the south and north ; and, added to this, the towering height of the surface, and tiie subjection in which the surrounding landscape seems to lie, all contribute to excite the idea, as, in fact, they compose no small part of the substance, of the advantaj^es ascribed. Quebec, the capital of tlie province of Lower Canada, is seated on a bold promontory, on the left bank of the river St. Lau- rence, in latitude 46" 47' north, and longitude 71* 10' west of Greenwich. On the left of the picture represented on the plate is Point Levi, by the projection of which, the upward channel of tiie St. Laurence is concealed from the eye ; and in the low ground on the right is the mouth of the little river St. Charles. Cape Diamond, the highest part of the promontory, rises three hun- 8 COLONIAL SCENERY. dred and forty-five feet above the level of the river, and ewes its name to the quartz crystals that are formed in the fissures of the rock of which it is composed. Quebec consists of an upper and lower town. The public buildings are the Castle of St. Lewis, the H6tel-Dieu, the con- vent of the Ursulines, the monastery of the Jesuits, at present used as barracks for the soldiery ; the protestant and catholic cathe- drals ; the Scots' churchy the Lower-town church ; the court- house ; the seminary ; the new gaol ; and the artillery barracks ; and the city has two market-places, a place d*armes, a parade, and an esplanade. The Castle of St. Lewis is a handsome stone build- ing, supported, toward the steep, which is there two hundred feet above the level of the water, by a solid work of masonry, rising nearly lialf the height of the edifice, and surmounted by a spacious gallery. It was built ^oon after the city was first fortified with solid works, and, being latterly neglected as a residence for the governor of the province, had fallen into decay, when, in the yerr 1808, the sum of £7000 was granted by the provincial parliament for putting it into repair ; and, that sum having been found inade- quate to defray the expenses of the improvements, upon the scale upon which they had been commenced, an additional grant was made, and the repairs were completed in a otyle becoming the dwel- ling of the representative of the sovereign, and highly creditable to the loyalty and litilferality of the province. Fort de Quebec, the origin of the present city, was built by the French, under M. de Champlain, in the year l608, on the site of an Isoquois town, called Stadagona. Quebec is distant from the Atlantic Ocean, by the way of the river St. Laurence, three hundred and sixty miles. Its present population is estimated at about eighteen thousand souls. Tht commercial importance of its sea-por'; is divided with Montreal ) but it is distinguished as being the usual place of residence of Hif Majesty's Governor-general of Lower and LTpper Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and their dependencies in British North America*; and as the see of two bishoprics, the one Protestant, and the other Roman Catholic. '» For the exports, imports, vesselt;, and toansge, cf QmImc, m» Ac llrfcxcs to the volumes of the Celonia) Journal. JL. 9 COLONIAL ZOOLOGY. PJLATF. 'A THE STJC. OR REDUl.EiL Cervui Klaplms, con.riuis ratmi^'is, totis tc:(;tj1)«« K^anvHl;*, — tAn. Smt Aut.fol.V.ii. PENNANT ucVrutwledgted the want of a new treatise on the clovt'ii- iV>o(«i4 9Qii|ialA of Auifrrioa, anJ no writer ot more receo' iWe Whillifrt^J ft?l«?d up the ch?pml>le no anuoal that has, or ev<'r liarf<- ]ari>vr -ipecH's of div''", nauv^'ly tht- Elk. tlie llaii) »iinl the St^gorHiiti. The kstof these is thcsfjetiiwreproBeulcclonthfjiIate. The animala from wiiich tii*" drawntc; has hi>u niiuie arf nw es - hib(tiiii , i:- a sta!)!«% Ih^- ute 'if which ij o!.t i>»«d graiiiitrttistj , iit the KiMjx'* ivicws, at Chftriiig Crrws, ^'■htre Ihey ftir- «k^ nla -1, hy th'we w'Vto >.tio« tht'm, ms having beeu h'tfuglil to KngSaiiifpv > orl-, in No'th liiitM-iCi., and lo New Y«ok, fnjin the nv»;i ,'\ti**'>xiri, in l*f>j;»or Louisittuiu It is stdih'd, that th« Ms'ndrtnt.s 0»aiics« «f other Indians of tfiat part ol the ':ontin«nit, oMriiiirsiin}t t}ic lit uanie oi* Wapi! : : tli:.' i i'»ug Hvi--.. . :< sotiK- u'.sTaifW, ^f' ofcifciiUy ye»Uo, Uiiii giving tM;iitaio.: m prov«rbi»l esjircssioxi aiuv>vig' th>; indiuis, ♦' As old as .. Wujiii,. Also, Wat o»# or mor- individuals oi' 'h< ipeties Iom 'vcoa &<» ffl« tloniesticai^-d, by an uihahttatit nf Marietta, nt th<; state of »V ftt* tw draw a sletlj;*'. i lie ai-itrmUare enlletl inon-desc ivartaktf of tlie nature of the DeerJ thf <) •;, and tlie Ho ■ ' \ i ^ i --; 'M- ■s^. I t k i '!►* >;*■«.<- ., •■^S1?>i •n««^«3lj| ll COLONIAL ZOOLOGY. PLATE III. THE STAG, OR RED-DEER, Cervus Elaphus, cornibus ramosis, totis teretibus recurvatis.— Ztn. Syst. Nat. fol. 08. PENNANT acknowledged the want of a new treatise on the cloven-footed animals of America, and no writer of more recent date has hitherto filled up the chasm. The Zoology of Dr. Shaw, published in the year 1801, is marked by errors which even Pen- nant had escaped ; and Buffon may still be consulted with advan- tage, to rectify the mistakes, and supply the omissions, of his suc- cessors. Neither Buifon nor Pennant have given any figure of the Stag, Hart, or Red-deer ; and that which occurs in the work of Dr. Shaw muy safely be pronounced to resemble no animal that has, or ever had existence. America seems to possess, in common with the old continent, the three larger species of deer; namely the Elk, the Rein, and the Stag or Hart. The last of these is the species represented on the plate. The animals from which the drawing has been made are now ex- hibiting, in a stable, the use of which is obtained gratuitously, in the King's Mews, at Charing Cross, where they are described, by those who show them, as having been brought to England from New York, in North America, and to New York, from the river Missouri, in Upper Louisiana. It is added, that the Mundanes, Osages, or other Indians of that part of the continent, distinguish them by the name of W4piti; that they are long lived, living, in some instances, to the age of eighty years, and giving occasion to a proverbial expression among the Indians, " As old as a Wapiti/* Also, that one or more individuals of the species has been so far domesticated, by an inhabitant of Marietta, in the state of Oiiio, as to draw a sledge. The animals are called non-descript ; said to partake of the nature of the Deer, the Ox, ^and the Horse, and to be Vol. II.— No. III. C 10 COLONIAL ZOOLOGV. '4 remarkable for cert';in glands on the hind legs, cavities beneath the eyes, &c. The largest of the males (for there are two males and two females,) is declared to measure eighteen hands from the ground to the withers. The naturalist, and, indeed» the ordinary spectator, will at once reject the greater part of this history, and doubt much of the re- mainder. The Stag, as remarked by BufTon, and as has been shown in the figures of Ridinger, in his Wild Thiere, is liable to considerable variety of appearance, dependent on climate and the surface of the soil ; and the individuals now exhibited differ little from the ordinary Red-deer of Europe, except, perhaps, in some superiority of size. The height of the largest of the two males is fourteen hands from the ground to the withers*. The present variety appears to be that which is called Tragelaphus, or Goat- stag, byGesner; Cerf d'Ardeune by the French; and Brand- hirtz by the Germans. The animal before us is that to which the English Americans give the name of Elk, an error in which they have probably fol- lowed the Dutch settlers on Hudson's river. The Dutch have given to a small Stag in Ceylon the name of Elk. The French in Canada, were more correct, and always described this species of Deer as the Cerf, In all English writings from America, for "Moose and Elk," we must read, "Elk and Stag." The Stag, in North America, is not peculiar to the banks of the IVIissouri, but spreads over a great part of the continent, the higher northern latitudes, and the uiountuias and hilly regions, be- ing alone excepted. The shaggy coats of the deer represented on the plate will sufficiently show that they are intended to encounter some degree of cold; but the thickness of the mane and hair varies with the season, and the drawing here copied was made in the winter months. The colour of the hair is likewise subject to change, both from the tim^i of year and age of the animal. The prevailing hue is the rufous brown in which the plate annexed is printed ; but the sides of the body are of a pale brown, and the mane inclines to olive. A striking peculiarity is the breadth of pale yellow which covers and surrounds the tail, and which is bordered by a list of dark brown or black. * Eighteen hands ii a height to which even the tallest Elks rarely attain. 11 POETRY. ENGLAND AND HER COLONIES. FROM SOUTHEY's POEt's PlLtilftlMAGE TO WATERLOO. — That danger is gone by. On Waterloo The Tyrant's fortune in the scale was weighed, flis fortune and the world's — and England threw Her sword into the balance — down it swayed : And when in battle first he met that foe, There he received his mortal overthrow. O my brave countrymen ! with that, I said, For then my heart with transport overflowed, O men of England 1 nobly have ye paid The debt which to your ancestors ye owed. And gathered for your children's heritage A glory that shall last from age ' > age ! The Muse replied with gentle smile benign, — Well niayst thou praise the land that gave thee birth, And bless the fatti which made that country thine: For of all ages, and all parts of earth. To chuse thy time and place did Fate allow. Wise choice would be, this England and this Now. From bodily and mental bondage there Hath man his full emancipation gained ; The viewless and illimitable air Is not more free than thought; all unrestrained, Nor pined in want, nor sunk in sensual sloth. There may the immortal mind attain its growth. There, under Freedom's tutelary wing. Deliberate Courage fears no human foe ; There, undefiled as in their native spring, The living waters of Religion flow { There, like a beacon, the transmitted light Conspicuous to «U nations burnetb bright. I i 12 POETRY. The tirtuoui will ahe hath, which diould upire To spread the iphere of happiaett and light : She hath the power to aniwer her detire, The wiadom to direct her power aright i The will, the power, the wiidom thus combined. What glorious pronpectt open on mankind ! Behold ! iho cried, and lifting up her hand, The shaping elements obeyed her will ) A vapour gathered round our lofty stand. Rolled in thick volumes o'er the sacred bill : Descending then, its surges far and near Filled all the wide subjacent atmosphere. As I have seen, from Skiddaw's stony height. The fleecy clouds scud roud me on their way. Condense beneath, and hide the vale from sight. Then opening, just disclose where Derwent lay Burnished with sunshine like a silver shield. Or old enchanter's glau, for magic forms fit field : So, at her will, in that receding sheet Of mist wherewith the world was overlaid, A living picture moved beneath our feet. A spacious city first was there displayed. The seat where England from her ancient reign Doth rule the Ocean as her own domain. In splendour with those famous cities oM, Whose power it hath surpassed, it now might vie } Thro' many a bridge the wealthy river rolled i Aspiring columns reared their heads on high } Triumphal arches spanned the roads, and gave Due guerdon to the memory of the brave. A landscape followed, such as might compare With Flemish fields for well requited toil ; The wonder-working hand had every where Subdued all circumstance of stubborn soili In fen and moor reclaimed, rich gardeoa smiled, And populous hamlets rose amid the wild. There the old Seaman, on his native shore. Enjoyed the competence deserved so weUi The Soldier, bis dread occupation o'er. Of welUrewarded service loved to tell ; The grey-haired Labourer there, whose work wudonei In comfort saw the day of life go down. POETRY. 13 Such was the lot of Eld t for Childhood there The dutiei which heloDfjf to life wm taught : The good wed early sown, and nunt with care, Thif bounteous harvest in its season brought : Thus youth for manhood, manhood for old age Prepared, and found their weal in every stage. Enough of knowledge unto all was given In wisdom's way to guide their steps on earth. And make the immortal spirit fit for heaveni This needful learning was the right of birth ; Further might each who chos**^ to persevere, No mind was lost for lack of i,;.lture here. And that whole happy region swarmed with life. Village and town i — as busy bees, in spring. In sunny days, when sweetest flowers are rife. Fill fields and gardens with their murmuring i Oh joy to see the state in perfect health ! Her numbers were her pride, and power, and wealth. Then saw I, as the magic picture moved. Her shores enriched with many a port and pier i No gift of liberal Nature unimproved. The seas their never-tailing harvest here Supplied, as bounteous as the air which fed Israel, when manna fell from heaven for bread. Many a tall vessel in her harbours lay. About to spread its canvas to the breeze. Bound upon hAppy errand, to convey The adventurous Colonist beyond the seas. Toward those distant lands where Britain blest With her redundant life the East and West. The landscape changed ; — a region neit was seen. Where sable swans, on rivers yet unfound, Glided thro' broad savannahs ever green i Innumerous flocks and herds were feeding round. And scattered farms appeared, and hamlets fair. And rising towns which made another Britain there. Then, thick as stars which stud the moonless sky. Green islands in a peaceful sea were seen ; Darkened no more with blind idolatry. Nor curst with hideous usages obscene. But healed of leprous crimes, from butcbertng strife Delivered, and reclaimed to moral life. 14 POETRY. Around the rude moralt the temple now Of truth, hoMoaaha to the Holiett rung t There from the Chriitian'a equal marriage-vow, In natural growth the hf^uiehold virtoet sprung : Children were taught the paths of heavenly peace, And age, in hope, looked on to iti release. Then rose a different land, where loftiest trees High o'er the grove their fan-like foliage rear ; Where spicj bowers upon the passing breeze Diffuse their precious fragrance far and near; And, jfet untaught to bend his massive knee, Wisest of brutes, the elephant roams free. The half>brutal Bedah came from his retreat. To human life by human kindnens won ; The Cingalese beheld that work complete Which Holland in her day had well begun ; The Candiao, prospering under Briton's reign, Blest the redeeming band which broke his chain. Colours and castes were heeded there no more ; Laws which depraved, degraded, and opprest, Were laid aside ; for, on that happy shore, All men with equal liberty were blest. And thro' the land, the breeze, upon its swells, Bore the sweet music of the sbbbath-bells. Enough ! the Goddess cried t with that, the cloud Obeyed, and closed upon the magic scene: Thus much, quoth she, is to thine hopes allowed < Ills may impede, delays may intervene, But scenes like these the coming age will bless. If England but pursue the course of righteousness. On she must go progressively in good. In wisdom, and in weal — or she must wane; Like Ocean,. she may have her ebb and flood. But stagnate not. And now her path is plain : Heaven's first command she may fulfil in peace* Replenishing the earth with her increase. And Thou, to whom, in spirit, at this hour. The vision of thy Country's bliss is given, Who feelest that she holds her trusted power To do the will and spread the word of Heaven i Hold fast the faith which animates thy mind. And in thy songs proclaim the hopes of humaa-kindJ 15 NOTICE or " POEMS, CHIEFLY ON THE SUPERSTITION OF ODEAH." (ConclndctI irvm Vol. I. page 309.) ALLUSION has been made in the former part of this article, to the etymology suggested for the word Obi, by Mr. Long, in a paper transmitted several years since, by the A gent of Jamaica to the Lordu of the Committee of Privy Council, and by the latter subjoined to the Report on the Slave-trade. Mr. Long expresses himself as follows : — ** From the learned Mr. Bryant's Commentary on the word Oph, we obtain a very probable etymolog)' of the term. * A serpent, in the Egyptian language, was called 0& or Aub.^—* Obion is still the Egyptian name of a serpent.* — * Moses, in the name of God, forbids the Israelites to inquire of the demon Ob, which is translated, in our Bible, Charmer or Wizard, Divinator aut Sorcile- gus.' — The woman at Endor is called Oub or Ob, translated Py- thonissa; and Oubaois (he cites Horus Apollo) was the name of the Basilisk or Royal Serpent, emblem of the sun, and an ancient ora- cular deity of Africa." This etymology, if admitted, connects the modern superstitions of the west of Africa with the ancient ones of the east of that conti- nent, from which source they have also been spread in Europe. They are humble parts of the great system which is adorned with the fables of Osiris and Isis ; and they comprize, not only the Obi of Africa, but the witchcraft of our own countries. That superstition is every where connected with the worship of the serpent, and with the moon and the cat. Skulls and teeth of cats are among the foremost ingredients of the African charms or Obies. Mr. Long gives the fol- lowing account of the furniture of the house of an Obi woman, or African witch, in Jamaica: — " The whole inside of the roof, (which was of thatch,) and every crevice of the walls, were stuck with the implements of her trade, consisting of rags, feathers, bones of cats, and a tliousand other articles. Examining further, a large earthen 16 SL'PfiKSTlTION OF OUEAII. I , pot or jar, close covered, contumed • prodigiouB quantity of round balU of earth or clay, of various dimensions, large and small, whitened on the outside, and variously compounded, some with hair and rags, or feathers of all sorts, and strongly bound with twine; others blended with the upper section of the skulls of cats, or set round with cats' teeth and claws, or with hinnan or dogs* teeth, and some glass beads, of different colours ; there were also a great many egg-shells, filled with a viscous or gummy substance, the qualities of which were neglected to be examined ; and many Ifttle bags, stuffed with a variety of articles, the particulars of which cannot, at this distance of time, be recollected." Shakspeare and Dryden have left us poetical accounts of the composition of Euro- pean obie$ or charms, ^vith which, and with more historical descrip- tions, the above may be compared. The midnight hours of the professora of Obi are also to be compared with those of the witches of Europe. Obi, therefore, is the serpent-worship. The Pytho- nesti, at Delphos, was an Obi-woman. With the serpent-worship is joined that of the sun and moon, as the governors of the visible world, and as emblems of the male and female nature of the god- head ; and to the eatf on account of her nocturnal prowlings, is ascribed a mysterious relationship to the moon. The dog and the wolf, doubtlessly for the same reason, are similary circumstanced. Obi implies, there is no doubt, first, the Divinity, and secondly, whatever is divine; and, before all, it may signify a serpent. It may be proper too, in this place to remark, that the word appears to have been received in the British West Indies from the Coromantyn Negroes, among whom, as will appear in the sequel, the existence of the superstition first attracted serious attention. In other parts, its place seems to be supplied by the words Mandinga and Gree- gree. Of the etymologies of those words no information has yet been given; but it is perhaps, not unimportant to subjoin, that the serpent, which is the fetisht or sacred animal, in the kingdom of Wydah, Fidah, or Judah, on the Coromantyn coast, does not enjoy the same honour in all the other places visited by the Euro- peans *. In the British West Indies, the Negroes of the Windward Coast are called Mandingoes, a name which is there taken as descriptive * History of Dahomy. i • UPERSTITION OFODEAH. 17 of tt pcciiliiir race or nation. There teeina reaHoa, however, to lie* lieve, thnta MandiHga or Manilinga-man, is properly the NHnie with uu Obi.tniiu. A hite tr»veller in Brazil {^ives uh thu followiii^^ unecduteii of tliu Mnndinga uml Mandiui(iieiro of the NegiocH in that country. ** One day,'* nays that aiitltor, " thu ohl nisiti, (ti Nei^ro, named Apollinario,) came to mc, niith a fuce of dimnay, to •how mp II ball of leaven, tied up with cypo*, which he had fonni) under a couple of hoardn, upon which he itlept, in an cut-house. The ball was about tlie tti/e of an apple. I could not imagine what had caused hio iilurni, until he said that it was mandingat which had been set for the purpose of killing hint ; and he bitterly bewailed his fate, that at his a^e, any one iihould wish to iii'sten his death, and to carry him from this world before our Lady thought fit to send for him. I knew that two of the black women were at rariance, and suspicion fell upon one of tliem, who was acquainted with the old Mandingueiro of Engenho Velho ; therefore she was sent for. I judged that the mandinga was not set for Apollinario, but for the Negress whose business it was to sweep the out-house. I threatened to confine the suspected woman at Gara, unless she discovered the whole affair. She said, the mandinga was placed there to make one of the Negroes dislike her fellow-slave, and pre* fer her to the other. The ball of mandinga was formed of five or six kinds of leaves of trees, among which was the pomegranate-leaf; there were likewise two or three bits of rag, earth of a peculiar kind, ashes which were the bones of some animal ; and there might be other ingredients besides, but these were what I could recognize. The woman, either could not from ignorance, or would not, git 9 any information respecting the several things of which the ball was composed. I made this serious matter of the mandinga, from knowing the faith which not only many of the Negroes hajre in it, but olso some of the Mulatto people. There is anothpr name for this kind of charm ; it is/ei/ifo, and the initiated are called / Bfsyil, p. 9i|r 18 SUPERSTITION OF OBEAII. Speaking of the green beads {contas vcrdas) which are another object of superstition in South America, aud of the reliance placed upon them by the Valentoens, a lawless description of persons among the colonists of Brazil, the same author gives us this further view of the Mandingueiros and their charms : «* These men," says he, *' wore on their necks strings of greea beads, which had either come from the coast of Africa*, bearing the wonderful property of conveying in safety their possessors through all descriptions of perils, or were charmt'd by the Mandingueiros, African sorcerers, who had been brought over to Brazil as slaves, and in secret con- tinued the prohibited practice of imparting this virtue to them.— Vicente had been acquainted with some of the men, and was firmly persuaded of the virtues of the green beads. When I ex- pressed my doubts of the efficacy of the beads, against a muket ball well directed, his anger rose ; but there was pity mingled with itf.'* In another place, the same traveller presents us with the Mandin- gueiros in the new character of charmers of snakes. " The Man- dingueiros are famous, among other feats, for handling poisonous snakes, and can, by peculiar noises or tunes, call those reptiles from their holes, and make them assemble around them. These sorcerers profess to render innoxious the bites of snakes, to persons who submit to their charms and ceremonies. One of the modes which is adopted for this purpose is that of allowing a tame snake to crawl over the head, face, and shoulders, of the person who is to be curado de co- bras, cured of snakes, as they term it. The owner of the snake re- peats a number of words during the operation, of which the meaning) if they contain any, is only known to the initiated. Tlie rattle- snake is said to be, above all other species, the most susceptible of attention to the tunes of the Mandingueiros. The above accounts I should not hare related upon the authority of one or two persons. I have heard them repeated by several individuals, and even some men of education have spoken of the reputed efficacy of the tame A * Labat hi-ings these stones from the Orellana, or river of the Amazons. " I was informed," says o\ir author, " that tUecontaa lerdas caute from Africa ; but some may have found their way from the Orellana, and been put into requisition by the Mandingueiros" Mr. Southey has given an account of the "grec» stones of the A niazons," in bis H istoiy of Brazil, vol. i . )i. (>07. + Idem, p. 203. SUPERSTITION OF OBEAII. m snakes of the Mandingueiros, as if they were somewhat staggered iu their disbelief of it. These men do certainly play strange tricks very dexterously." " One of the Negroes whom 1 had hired with the plantation of Jaguaribe," says the same writer, ** had one leg much thicker than the other. This was occasioned, as he told uie, by the bite of a rattle-snake ; he said he had been cured from the bites of snakes by a curador de cobras, or Mandingueiro, and had therefore not died; " but that as the moon was strong*," he had not escaped receiving some injury from the bite. Mr. Edwards leads us to believe that the Mnndingo Negroes are more or less tinctured with the Mohammedan faith ; and that in the countries whence they come, and which border on those of the Moors, religious wars are one source of the supply of the slaves, *• There is a sort of people," says another writer, " who travel about in the country, called Mandingo-men, (these are Mohammedans;) they do not work ; they go from place to place, and when they find any chiefs or people whom they think they can make any thing of, they take up their abode for a time with them, and nmVe gree-grees» and sometimes cast seed from them, for which they make them payf." On this and other occasions, the word gree-gree is applied to a house whence oracles are delivered ; but it is also used for a charm or Obi. " They themselves," (the natives of the coast,) says the author of African Memoranda, '* always wear gris-gris, or charms, which they purchase of the Mandingoes, to guard them against the effects of certain arms, or of poison, and which they put the utmost reliance on; they have one against poison; another against a musquet; another against a sword ; and another against a knife; and, indeed, against almost every thing that they think can hurt themj." " Mandingo priest, or gris-gris merchant," suys the same writer; " that is, a seller of charms, which, carried about a person, secure the wearer from many evils — such as poison, mur- der, witchcraft, &c. To this priest I had made some handsome presents, and he, this day, in return, gave me twelve gris-gris, and assured me that they would inevitably secure me from all danger ; • *' Como a Ina era forte." t Correspondence of Mr. John Kizell, in the Sixth Report of tlie Uii-cctoiA of the African Institution, p. 136. X Beaver^s African Memoranda, 4to. 1805, p. 163. 20 SUPERSTITION OF OBfiAlL at the same tiuie, he gave me directiontt how to dispose of tliein* Some were to be carried about my persou ; one secretly placed over each archway; another kep^ under my p*liow; and another under the floor of the house I was building, &c. I was the more asto- nished at this present, because, in tlie morning, when he boasted of the strength or virtue of his gris-gris, I ridiculed them, and de- sired him to put all that he thought proper, to protect against death from a niusquet, on the neck of one of my foWls, and that if I did not immediately shoot it dead, I would give him ten bars. He asserted, that if one of them was tied round the neck of the fowl, it was impossible for me to shoot it, and all the natives believed him. The Bijugas hold these people in great reverence, and say» • that they talk with God.' " Mr. Long states, that under the general name uf Obi-men is also included the class of 31i/al- men, or those who, by means of a narcotic poison, made with the juice of a herb, (said to be the Branched Calalue, a species of solanum,) which ociisions a trance, or profound sleep, of a certain duration, endeavour to convince the deluded spectators of their power to re-animate dead bodies*." The superstition of Obi was never gravely remarked upon in the British West Indies till the year I760, when, after an insurrection in Jamaica, of the Coromantynf or Gold Coast Negroes, it was found that it had been made an instrument for promoting that dis* turbance. An old Coromantyn Negro, the chief instigator and oracle of the insurgents of the parish of St. Mary, in which the in- surrection broke out, who had administered the fetish or solemn oath to the conspirators, and furnished them with a magical prejja" ration, >x hich was to make them invulnerable, was at thattime appre- hended and punished, and a law was enacted for the suppression of the practice, under which several examples were made, but without efl'ecting, for many years, any diminution of the evil sought to be re- medied. 1 • Hist. West Indies, IV. iii. f 111 Biazil, the Coromantyn Nrttroeo of the West Indies, (so called from » fort of that name upon ihe (jold Coast,) are denominated Minas, (doubtlessly from the Portugusefortof El Miiia:) and the author of lh«- Travels already men* tioned, obBerveH, that the Minas, in Brazil, are distinguished for the same fero- ciniis and tuihnlent disposition which is a«cribtd to the Coromantyui In the British West luUies. StfERSTlTlON OF QfiEAIt. «1 Additional particulars of this superstition, preserved by Labat, Edwards, and olhers, are to be joined with those now produced; but after all, the questions to be solved are, whether obi, mandin^a, and gree-gree, are really words of similar import, and whether those who are conversant in them are all alike priests of one system of religious faith and worship, or whether the one dues not belong to the worship of a. good power, and the other to that of an evil one. It is remarkable, that while the etymolog}'^ of Obi has been saughtin the names of ancient deities of Egypt, and in that of the serpent in the language of the coast, the actual name of the evil deity, or devils in the same language, appears to have eHcaped attention. That name is written by Mr. Edwards Obboney ; and the bearer of it is described as a malicious deity, the author of all evil, the inflicter of pestilential diseases, and whose anger is to be appeased only by human sacritices. This evil deity is the Satan of our own faith; and it is tiie worship of Satan which, in all parts of the world, con« stitutes the essence of sorcery. If thi? ".ame of ObboneyYmn any re- lation to the Ob of Egypt, and if Ob, both anciently in Egypt, and to this day in the west of Africa, signiiies " a serpent," what does this discover to our view, but that Satan has the name of serpent among the Negro nations, as wMl as among those of Europe ? As to how it has happened that the serpent, which, in some systems is the emblem of the good spirit, is in others the emblem of the evil one, that is a topic which belongs to a more extensive inquiry. It is enough for our present satisfaction to remember, that the profession of, and belief in sorcery or witchcraft, supposes the existence of two deities, the one the author of good, and the other the author of evil ; the one worshipped by gcod men, for good things and for good pur* poses, and the other by bad men, for bad things and purposes ; and that this last worship is sorcery, and the worshippers sorcerers. We have seen above, that some African charms are to prevent evil, and others to procure it ; the first belong to the worship, and are derived from the power, of the good spirit, and the second are from the op- posite source. It is to be concluded, then, that the .uperstition of Obi is no other than the practice of, and belief in, the worship of Obboney or Oboni, t'le evil deity of the Africans, the serpent of Africa and of Europe, and the Old Serpent and Satan of the Scriptures; and that the witchcraft of the Negroes is entirely the S3 SUPERSTITION or OBEAIf. same with our own. It might be shown further, that the latter have their temporary transformations of men into allif^tore, wolves, &c. ; as the French have their loupt-garoux, the Germans their war-wolves, wolf-men, and the rest. In the Travels in Brazil, we read of a Negro who was reported by one of his fellows to become occasionally lobos homem or wolf-man. *• I asked him," says the author, "to explain; when he said, that the man was at times transformed into an animal, of the size of a calf, with the figure of a dog* ;" and in the African Memoranda is an account of a Negro who professed and was believed to have the power of transformiug himself into an alligator, in which state he devoured men. Upon being questioned by Captain Beaver, he answered, " I can change myself into an alligator, and have often done itf." But, though these may be genuine African supersti- tions, and not such as have been introduced by the Portuguese, yet it is certain that there is no part of Europe to which they do not equally belong. Not to forget the poet whose little volume has invited these re- marks, we must now dismiss him with as much haste as may be consistent with a due respect to him and to the reader. In remov- ing the veil attempted to be thrown by this writer over the suj rsti- tiou of the Negroes, and by which its identity with our own was kept from view, a service has been rendered to history and to philo- sophy ; and the same is doubtlessly to be said of the distinction sug- gested between the good and the bad charms, the vhings absolutely wicked, and the things merely weak, which are mixed together in the accounts of which we are possessed. It remains only to follow the poet to the conclusion of his narrative. Of his merits nothing that is very flattering can be said. The extract commenced with Mini's threat of destruction to Eliza's children. In the second part, Mira repurs to an Obeah-man, by the aid of whose incantations she accomplishes her malignant purpose. The third and concluding part relates the successive deaths of the children, and consequent triumph of their author's murderous design. The poetry, as the extract will have shown, as insipid as the catastrophe (to say the best of it,) is uninstructive. * Travel! iu Brazil, p. S39< t African Memoranda, p. 179. 23 A GENERAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES OF The Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in EurofCt Mia, Jfricat and America. 1817. 1. Isle of Man. 3. Guernsey. 3. Jersey, 4. Alderney. 9, Isle of France, 10. Ceylon. 11. Bombay*. 12. Madras*. 13. Bengal*. FITROPE. 5. Sark. 6. Gibraltar. 7. Malta. 8. Ionian Islands. ASIA. 18. Sierra Leone. 19. Forts oil the Gold Coast, under the management of the African Company. 14. Fort Marlborough*. 15. Princeof Wales's Island*. 16. Canton*. 17. Neyv South Wales. AFRICA. 20. Cajje of Good Hope. 21. St. Helena f. S2. New Brunswick. as. Nova Scotia. 84. Newfoundland. fi5. Cape Breton. AMERICA. North America, 26. Prince Edward's Island. 27. Lower Canada. 28. Upper Canada. 29. Hudson's Bay J. * EitaUiBhinpntR, the names of which marked with an asterisni, belong t», the Ea8t India Company. t Settlements have recently been made on tlie islands of Ascension and Tristan d'Acnnha. t A settlement, railed Osinilioia, was Iwgun in ] 8)1, by the Earl of Selkirk, under (he authority of the Hudson's Bay Company, upon Red-riVer, nhich falls 14 CORRESPONDENCE. SO. Antigua. 31^ Bahamas. 32. Barbados. 33. Bermuda. 34. Dominica. 35. Grenada. 36. Jamaica. 37. Montserrat. 45. Honduras. 46. Demarara. West Indies. 38. Nevis. 3y. St. Christopher, 40. St. Lucia.' 41. St. Vincent. 42. Tobajjfo. 43. Tortola. 44. Trinidad. S^uth America. 47. Berbice. 48. Essequibo, CORRESPONDENCE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE COLOXUL JOVRJVJL. SiH, In consequence of some paragraphs which have appeared in a morning paper, relative to an unfortunate expedition, undertaken, as the writer states, by " a band of people got together by Lord Selkirk,*' I address you, not in defence of that nobleman or his proceedings, but as a near relative of Mr. Semple, the gentleman so injuriously, and, as I hope the event will prove, so unjustly brought into public notice in the paper alluded to. Your insertion of these few lines in your Journal will be esteemed a favour. The writer seems to be aware that Mr. Semple is known to the publio by his writings, and he must admit that he is known with some degree of esteem. I must take the liberty to state one fact: — Unless Lord Selkirk formed the whole of the Hudson's Bay Company, Mr. Semple could not. be called his governor ; for I can assure you, from bis own information, that he went out to that place under the express authority of all the per* sons who compose the Company, to assume the government of York factory there. The reports which have been given in the paper have not as yet the stamp of authenticity ; and even if they had, be it remembered, that " £n« glish vengeance wars not with the dead." Into Lake Winipic. For a Copy of the Charter of the Hudson's Bay Com. pany, see below, page 88 ; and for an account of the soil, climate, &c. of \U» new colony, see page aj. DEMARARA. n Mr. Scmple is not wiihoiit a character, either in public or private life* Should he have fallen, I ran venture to affirm, that no one in the latter statioa ever fell who has left more sorrowful heart* behind him, or who will remain longer in remembrance, while superior talents, goodness of heart, gentleness of manners and disposition, and rectitude of conduct, deserve to be remembered. I am, Sir, your humble ser\'ant, Islington, feept. dO, 18 16. ROBERT SEMPLE. TO THR EDITOR OF THE COLO.\ML J0UIL\\4L. SIR. Permit me to request your insertion, in the Colonial Journal, of the subjoined remarks on the natural products of Dt-mararu and Essequibo, (sometimes called British Guiana. They were drawn u|t in the year 1808, by a Gentlema ' resident on the !>pot, in reply to a series of questions, ad- dressed to him by a friond in England. London, June 12, 1816. COMMUNICATOR. I. Fi;oM the western boundary of the Essequibo, which may be said to commence at theOndcrnaming, the depth, from the sea to the sand, when the sand becomes unfit for cultii'ation, is very little ; not more than from tliree hundred and fifty, to four hundred rods (Rhynland measure), gradually deepening as you go to the northward, until you come abreast of the I'orma- ron. That river, and the sea opposite, in nearly a north-easterly and south- westerly direction, form a tongue of land, the northern part of which is opposite to the port the British now occupy at the mouth of tiie Por> nraron, and may be said to commence about No. 1 (adjoining to Durn- shire , and is free from sand. Contiguous to the back of all the estates, from the western boundary of the river, to No. 1, timber fit for all the purposes of building is to be had tolerably conveniently. There is not upon this coast any quantity that could be transported without too much labour and expense, as there are only two creeks or mouths of rivers (of no great magnitude) upon this part of the coast. These creeks, however, furnish plenty of Wallava posts, eitled, and tu lie settled upon this ciKisl, may be consi- Voi. II. ]So. a. E 26 DEMAaAllA. dcrpd to own all thr land aback of it, for the breadtli of llie estate, as far as it may be useful for the owner to go. II. The principal part of our timber is procured from the creeks or brnnchcs of the main rivers of Cssequilm and Demarara, but more parti< cularly Kss«*(|uil)u ; these creeks give a facility of its transportation with, comparuiively speaking, but little labour. Our timb«?r in general is very straight, and fit for every purpose of build* ing, and of frumiiigf. for buildings of the longest descriptions (such are our coflee-liigus, sugar-works, caltlc-mill houses,) and mill-timber o^ every description. For the building of craft, such as are used in these colonies (schooner boats, of fr»)m thirty to forty-tivc keel,) no country in the world can pro- duce (inor timber, particularly for the bottoms, which even the worms (bad as they are here,) will not touch. 'I'ht particular wood applied to this pur- pose, is chicHy |>rocured from above the falls in the Essequibo and Massa- rorim river?, and in the river Demarara, and is called Sillarahomy. Of this wood there are several sorts, but the yellow is the best; the different k'lifjs ol' wood are very numerous, but the principal which are used for buildings, &c. are green hart, for framing and all general purposes consi- dereil ilie best wood there is ; bully-tree, excellent for windmill shafts, &c. siliownholly, crab-wood, wallnbra, delerma and morah : this latter wood is best for boats timbers, knees, &c. and is most excellent wood, but does not do so well in the water, as ihe worms are very fond of it. Some of the largest of tliese trees are from forty to sixty ff et long, and will square from eighteen to thirty inches ; but the general run may be considered from twtlve to sixteen. The branches of the morah make excellent crooked timbers, knecp., &c. and a considerable quantity has been sent to Ihe navy* yard at Barbados for that purpose. Shingles of wallaba are piocured in great plenty, and are of so durable a quality, that after having been up lUVr.lJ CO 1.0 NT. put l)«rt)tc I1IC by nn ciHerpii^in'? iiiul in(HliKi*n< fticii\t'»l t)n an ;iiilii<<»is aivl puldit spiiiinl mission in llu* iiiiriiniol i.'anuilHt will griMlly obliKi' v<>in »Wii ulimiiiiilhuvant, UiMi' U, IHId. • <,IX). IIINDKHSON. ()(«i>iit° a <«ltoi'li'r duration, and ni«i« h niihln iliaii at Ijnrbi'i . •• All rinits pnMiu«:i'ti undn- the titipici, nut ntjHiiing more than four nionlhs sun, will ri|M-n on Ki*«i Kivt^. " List Himnicr I huti water nu'loni Imm thi* oprn gniuiKl, nowv! iiie 4th of Jnne, which wrrc rip«r early in bopli'nibor ; tim UrK'ft w*'i(en but in small ipiuntitivs : but utii of opinion (hat mxiuintry will )>r«Mlure a nior<' alnindant crop. •• Natural pit)d(K lions of the soil, l\ax, wild rice, thenlih, peas, rasp- berries, •itiav*lwiri«'s, Krapes, bush cranberries, currants, plumbs, tiab- applet, ami various hmMs. " Snil'springs are very coniniun, and tlic sugarmaplc is to be fiHind in every p;irt. " k.nnienso herds of lHilValiK>s gniee t lie plains. Elk, and iNOose-devr are e«iually nniuenHH in the wtKxIs. " A line with sixty hooks set acmw any part of the river will jiive fn>ii» Mxty to more cat-fish pertliiy, wcigliing fnim nine to Ivventy-live |KMinds. Murgctin are abundant; and ni<:tt of the liNh jKculiar to Noidi America may In- plentifully taken in nets. " In tiic spring and autumn, wild fowl of almost all deu'riplions ni-e coiiimon. The fi;eneial \nicv of a liulfalo (as large as an Knglish ox) is lor be h.ul for tw^>nty or thirly rotiiids of aniinunition, or for one ptnind of tol»a«t(>. " Rut the real value of the country is the fertility nf its soil, and the facility that nature ortWs to the iixiuslrious, of obtaining (ho reward of his liboiii A luxLMiouK soil here only m|iiires (Ik- use of ihc plough, nut a ro n or stump ri\\niixs to be taken up, as the lainls am already cleared. " The plains proent yon with a pasturage of many hundred miles in extent ; an.l horses and rows, except the lader rw|Hired (or milk, may be let\ oiii (luring (lie winter. In tru(h, I know of no axnitry that oiVeis so ■nan\ aJvaniagcs, — an wholesome climate, fertile mm! ; tieli, tlesii, and fowl i:i abundance; and sugar and salt for (he IixhiNc of making them. In tart, all tlic fieeeisaries, and manv of the luxuries ol' men are here,— H's ci>!y want, piilnj>b is «(>CKly." i^»»«««««#. CAPK OF OOOP HOPE. '29 10 run Kmron of tiik colon ui. jounxji.. SIH. Kiuiutu (In* rulliiwiiig iiiToiiiit of thr Cape of (iiKitl (|(i|m- Ik* nlldWi'il « place ill tliP C'oliHiial Jiniriiul, I %Ua\\ frd iiiikIi iixlrlilt-d in your lilirruliiy. I am wvll aware ul' my mubility (u ^iv«* an :i(l<-(|iiutf il<-srri|)(i(Mi ol' lint vtMialily Mini rontracti'd polity of I hat rulniiiiil (fnviTiiiiK'nt, mid I kIii- vcrely reK<^> tl>'>( tli«'(H<>K iia* iiiH fttllrii intu iikmv ahli* hiiiidit; but yet I tniNt tltal luine f^^M^\ will ari^r iDiin the liumlilf ril'orU uf u iitugli-knulli-d •ailor. Lint ypar, from llu* (leriilijr i'irt-iimHtuni:i*4 of my IniHinens i wai coin- prllfd lo May ill tlio culoiiy for thri'c muiitliH; duriiiK thaltlimf I liiid Hiifti* cirnt lei«Mrc toobucrvi*, thut the liiKh n>ad to iinpntvcincnl, which, dmibl- Inn, in «vrry rwinlry, ami particularly in a cnluny, ought to be m ntnoutli and paosabltf m circuiiilicy were adopted, it would most certainly very vH)n become a very ilmirablu place to live at : but the abuses which e.\ist in that colony are b(*come so glaring, and the ctrects of thoHe abuses so severely felt by the inhabitants, that a man accustomed to live und<:r a British Govern* ment reflects with indignation on the present state of its internal polity. 'I'hc administration of laws in civil cases are directed by Iheimist arbitrary pr«K-eedinps, and even in criminal cases are dis|)eiised without tven tlie •hadow of an iCnglishman's pride — a trial by jury. The press is under the imn)e, uii>l |M'i<|)nti«>N of liix Miijcut}'!! Idillitnl ftultjcclfii »v- roi>ling to till' iHUMiint., |iriiuiili'H ol' i,|ui(y iiiid jiiklirc, laid do\«ii and di;t**>i<' tapicDl Diitcli li-^Malon uIhmiI (wo t-«*nt«ii'i>ni a^o, whni «'i)inini>i°l^in^ innn Imrbarity. '1 lux, what timo and prijuihco havi> nam I'ont'd, and Dutt'li ciiKtnni con- firniod, llritish MiUjrttH mutt lie content (orcccivi' (he inirntimuhlff bk'MinK^ or, and that too without a nnirmur ; fur to cuniplain Ih to rtTvivr un cmlrr to «|uil the colony. I'hi* primipal part ol' the iittidontH, in |tuint of trade, un> Hritiih merchants, who unrrly an* oniitlcd to, and on^ht to receive, mmn* lirttrr pruti-iiion and cnrournficinrnt than that of the present colonial jnrispruikncc. It' thr wisdont of our (lUvriinncnt at home vhoiilil «lill dtM'mit prmlcnt to continue (he Dutch colonies MilijiHit to those prociiuo reiicx ol' Innnaii perfection, at leant let thrm, in their iinboimded nirrcy und g(H>dnes'«, grant iho Knglish s(*ttlcr« Mime redriMv from those oppriMtivf grievances they daily rndure. (>ive them at least un Knglixli c«nirt of justice, ami let I hem show (u Africa the Muper-excellency of our con- fititution In a trial by jury: let them, by cxumple, teach the poor un- fortnnatv slavirs, that their lives, in tlu* estimation of Ikitish laws, aru co» rtpial with tin; highest oHicer of the colony, and that their pei-Mins arc att inticl) protected tn)m tmjuiil uppro«sion. A I-'UIKNI) TO THE CAPK. r. >. It \% MTorthy of remark, that the Napoleuii code of laws Is still administcix'd at the Ule of |-'rance. TO THE EUlTOn OF THE COLOMAL JOVILSAL. SIR, In looking over some papers 1 found tlieiiiclosely had of knowinfc what is going forward in our North Ainefican Colonies) will, I think, ere loiiiT, beccnne a |x)pular (|ncstion. I did intend to have written a full state ofilieiase, " Whether Americans, born before the independence of the s(ale>, were aliens," btit the multitude of my avocations has alone beeti the cause, I have not. This essay is entirely my own sentiments on part of the question. I lliink it worth rc>-prinling. I should add, that at the time the paper was sent to me, a note accompanied it, slating, it wnn from the pen of an eminent Pleader at the United-States* bar; but as the writer was not fully confident that he was the writer, I will not mention iiis name, bliould you think of writing a critique on the sidiject, let me bn-g of you a careful perusal of Uecves's two Tracts ; they really arc asto- ni.^hiiii.^ from i>uch a quarter; they arc erroneous without doubt, but it would require more time thpn I <:an spare to argue the subject fully Your well wisher, nth .Inly, 18I(J. J. W. NATUIML ALLKGIANl'.E. .51 P. H. 'ritp artii'lr- \% frnni dii' (jcorKoTown tVdcrjl U* publicnn, n UiiitrU ;Hl:tliit' |U|M'r, (jrui^c Town it the real dwelling place of moitt uf Hunt who iiK! Hii|t|)mr(| to ri'sidi' in the nominal city of Wutliinglon. 'ihe wrilri'i priiiripli-* .irr* tlcvrlopnl in the cuurii! ol a disc iimIoii uf thr |iar> ticidur t'Ate nf llir laiu (iviicral Morruu. What nre IIk* «IrtclrintM (if tmr (•dvcrnnicnl upon the iiilnjrct of nattvt Mild pcrpriiiid iilli-Kiiincf ? And what iin* the priiu-lpli*H eMaiiliihed in th« Ihws fif iitiliom, iiittiire, hmiI reanoii? A fi'w iTniarkw, in iinxwcr tu tbne 'pK'Miiiii^, will liimiHli an upp*-iiprialt' iiiliudiiciioii to u particular exuinlna- tiitti lit tlii> (oiuliict ul' Mitreuu. Our Giivoriiiiii'iit, thnt U, liic prtucnt ndminiittraturiiof tlu? govprnnirnt, airiTl to think, that ullvgiancc hniiKion (ho citi/cn, or tlii* < lioui than solid. Hut if they are in truth exce|)ltons, riistead of refuting, they only prove the soundneHs of the general prinviplet, and the correct* iiesH of the general rules. 'I he!>e principlcH and rulm are firmly established, and universal in tiieir application ; founded in public law, sanctioned by nature, reason, an«l Fduiid policy, an cessary to his subsistence, it cannot be rightfully forbidden by his Goi'ern- mcnt. But the right of emigration is one thing, and the tranter of allt' glance is another. If one country, America for instance, chooses to receive tfie native born subjects of another, England for example, into her bo^om, she has a right so to do. Nor can England justly complain of such reception. It ri'sults of necessity from the right of emigration ; and wliile the emigrant is in our territory, on the one hand he is bound to submit to all our laws, and on the other hand is entitled to their prutcc- tioi), not only in the ordinary rights of life, liberty, and property, but against even the claints of his native country. This protection results not from any laws in favour of emigrants, but from the nature of national sovereignty, from the inviolability of a nation's territory. While within that territory, every emigrant is safe; because no foreign arm can reach him, and because no law requires his suirender to any claim of his native countr}'. I speak now of general principles, which apply nol in some particular cises, such as those of desertion, state crimes, &c. which are regulated by other rules. I speak of the emigrant who leaves his country by the express or implied permission of his Government. But if such emigrant leaves our territory, and falls within the power of his native country, his adopted country has no claims upon him, and cannot pro- tect him from the duties of natural allegiance. His emigration has not transferred (he allegiance due to his native country. Nothing but the consent of his own native country, either expressed or implied, can dissolve the bonds of his allegiance, and c.(..ble him to be- come exclusively the citi/en or the legal subject of an adopted country. Though he were naturalized thirty times, in thirty different nations, \\\% allegiance to his nali'-e country remains unimpaired in full vigoui and life, and will so continue until that country consents to the transf<'r ol his. allegiance. 1 Iiave alrcafly remarked, that this consent may be eiihet II NATURAL ALLEGIANCE. 33 express or implied. It is not now necessary to define wiiat in law con- stitutes express or implied consent, or to distinguish between theni> It is suflicient to repeat, that one or the other must exist, or native alleu;ianc« with all its consequences attaches through life to the emigrant. To establish these principles, [ will not travel back to Greece and Rome, because the learned John Dickenson, the babbling Cincinnatus, artd even that great civilian Mr. Joseph Gales to the contrary notwithstanding, 1 am pretty sure, that the laws and rights of nations, as now established, have no more connection with the customs of these republics, than they have with the statues and superstitions of Owhyhee or Otaheite. I will only refer to those authorities which cannot lie, and which can- not be mistaken, to wit, the established customs and immemorial conduct of modern nations. There is no principle plainer than this, that the legi- timate sovereign, the legal government of a country, has a right to pass such regulations as are consistent with the fundamental laws, in other words, the constitution of such country. Of course, every nation on earth regularly organized, has a perfect right by its sovereign or government to establish a rule or law, by which every member of the community, every citizen or subject of the nation, siiull be bound to perpetual alle- giance. Vattel and all the phalanx of writers who touch on the subject, lay these principles down as indisputable. When any society or nation has established such a rule, it is binding on all its members ; and no other government, by any hocus pocus of naturalization, can release any citizen from such a law or rule of his native country. A citizen might just us well, by the interference of a foreign government, be released from ail duty to his native country. Governments, in conformity with nature and reason, have almost inva> riably established the principle of perpetual allegiance. The principle is known to be prominent in the municipal laws of every distinguished nation in tlurope, and in the laws of our own country, it is a principle of common law in England, that a British born subject cannot expatriate himselt'-^that is, cannot shake otT his allegiance, to the British government, without the consent of that covernment. The. same principle is and al- ways has been applied by the laws of France to Frencli^born subjects. So also in Sweden, Germany, and all the civilized nations of any leading character and influence in Europe, [n our own country the law h precist ly the same. In the only case ever decided here, to wit, the case of Wil- liams, at Hartford, the Chief Justice of the United States, the good and t lie learned Elsworth, dtxided in solemn form, that a native American citizen could not cease to be a citizen of our republic, without the consent of the American government. No one will dispute the capacity of Elsworth — no one will doubt his integrity— no one will doubt tliat he was read in all the recondite learning of the science he professed. He could not be mistaken ; he could not bp corrupt; — and when our citizens remember t hat he decided the question after the most patient research, and the maturest reflection, upon the responsibility of his venerable character, and under the sacred vbiigaliun Vol. II— No. 3. f 34 NATURAL ALLbOIANCB. of a holy appeal to heaven ;-.when they remember, (hat Williams, hl» coimscl, and his numerous friends, submitted to the decision without ap- |)eal; that under it he suflered the painful punishment of the law, and that it has never been impugned or disapproved by any other Judge j but little doubt will remain, that expatriation is not sanctioned by the principli-s of our law. " What then becomes of the principle of naturalization? England naturalizes aliens ; France does the same; so do all the leading powers of Europe; and the right of naturalization i; recognized even in the charter of American independence." This is all true ; but does this at all conflict with the principle of per* petual allegiance? No; norp first, naturalization may o|.-rate upon aliens whose native countries have consented to the change of allegiance ; and in such case it is perfect and effectual. But in the second place, eveu upon those aliens whi>se allegiance is never severed from the country of their birth, it may impose tlie heaviest obligations. It may compel them, while among us, to perform the dutitv of citizeiin, and entitle them to the exercise of aSl our constitutional rights. But it cannot, it does not* 1 tnist in God it never will, destroy those duties whicii are due from every man to the country of his first allegiance. True it is, this view nf naturalization may subject the naturalized citizen to difliciilty and danger. But it is difficulty and danger of his own seeking. Keither the government of his native, nor his adopted country, is responsible for his condition, his difficulties, or his dangers. He has voluntarily incurred inconsistent obligations, lie has madly and wilfully thrown himself into a condition despicable and dangemus, r id on his own head be the consequences of his madness and folly. Our own constitution in no way militates with this view of the eH'ects of naturalization. It aii* (liorizes aingress to naturalize ; but it does not and it cannot say, that such naturalization destroys the bonds of allegiance which bind an emi- grant to his native country. What then is the plain and safe path for the subjects of Europe, who come among us, to travel ? Why, if wearied of their own governments and countries, they have flown to us, let them rjst in peace ! Here, safe under the protection of our law, not meddling with our government, nor our political contests, let them in imitation of the illustrious Moreau, pursue their happiness and perforin their duties. Let them not throw themselves upoti the ocean in contact with their native obligations and former duties, and thus involve in war, misery, and niin, that country which has generously received, protected, ami t>ustained them. For if tliey will become turbulent here, if they will leave the proti'cticn of our laws, within our own territories, where they migli): con- tinue s:irL' and unnioiestecl, tiiey must reap the fiuitsof their folly. Tlieir adopted country rannot by law, light, or policy, protect them against the claims of their native country, when once they abandon the territory of the former, and eonie witliin the power of the latter. Tliis conclusion is irrasirtible, from tiie premises whi»h 1 have established ; and from these VALUE OF THE WEST INDIA COLONIES. S5 premises, it also follows, tiiat all the native born subjects of England who are fighting in the ranks of her enemies, without her expressed or implied consent, are guilty of treason, and when taken in arnu against her, may be legally puni>r in the tyrant's ' art, and rescue his country from slavery ? Let tk'i admirers of that ancient Jacobin, the younger Bru'u.., iustify morality and deeds like this ! For the purpose of this argument, 1 admit the tyrant held the sovereignty of France, and was entitled to the allegiance of his subjects. Nay, if it will better please the calumniators of Moreau, let the tyrant for the present be called " the good and the great Nap«i- leon" — " the Apostle of Liberty" — " the supereminent Emperar" — " the favourite of Heaven,'' or whatever else tiie present advocates of equality and the rights of man, the genuine republican scribblers of our country, in the aspirations of their holy zeal for liberty, would have him ; and then let us ask, — Had this " favourite of Heaven" released his illustrious victim from his allegiance? Had he by .is own act severed the obligations which bound the hero to his service i And was the latter free, in the great struggle which now shakes the earth, to choose his country and his cause, unfettered by native allegiance and patriotic duties? TO THE EDITOR OF THE COLOXUL JOURJV^L. SIR, The events which have recently occur/ed in one quarter ot our Co. ionial (lossessians, having excited a very general share of interest with regard to the present condition, and, perhaps, future welfare of the whole, 1 therefore venture to believe, that the following slight remarks may re* ccive admission into your Journal. I consider tlie entire capital, as connected with our West India colonies, comprehended u;ider the head of lands, slaves, produce, or other heredi- taments, as standing wholly dependent on the state of things at present existing within them ; and in the event of any sudden or material change occurring in this respect, I should look uiran the whole as being in imnii. nent hazard, if not as almost gone. An outline of the nature and value of the above, may, on such accounf, prove not uninterestering. 36 VALUE OP THE WEST INDIA COLOI^IF.S. , The miinhcr of slavco in tlie British colonim (I adopt the enutnrration of Mr. Coli{iihoiin,) is given at six hundred and thirty-four thousand and ninety-six. In such as we have recently acnuired l)y conqni'st, or by treaty, at one hundred and thirty-six tiiousand : whicli, at 70/. sterling each, will amount to 5.1,1^00,720/. Soin»? of the captured islands having been lately restored to their ori- ginal proprietorships, the slaves annexed to tiieni have conseouently been taken out of the account. ]n the preceding division I am, however, of opinion, that thn number of slaves for some of our settK-ments, has been rated much too low by Mr. Co!quhoun, particularly those of Demarara* and Ik-rbice; and 1 am disposed to determine, instead of 55/., tlie valuation which he has placed on each slavi', that 70/. may more properly be substituted In bodies, or families, I contemplate them at this rate ; although latterly, in many situations, as much as 200/. has been given for an elfective la- bourer. The estimated valu*' of lands, cultivated and uncultivated, is 28,001 ,7 1 8/. In the newly acquired colonies, ditto, ditto, at upwards of 14,000,000/. In two of the latter, Demarara and Berbice, the lands that are unculti- vated are very properly set down in an indelinite w;iy ; for it certainly would have been dillicult, if not impossible, from thi \tent and tpiality of such as are connected with them, to fix on any speciric valuation. The aggn gate annual value of the {iroductions of the colonies is given nt 1S,5 13,540/. or the new possessions, at 3,9S0,l3'i/. And this last va- luation I am much inclined to consiiler nniclj below the reality. With regard to the exports of manufactured goods, &<•. &c. from the parent state to tliese dependencies, I obtrude no remark ; nor shall I, for a moment, dwell on the important revenej which accrues tl)erefn)m, as I cannot but l)e satisfied, without the above, their importance and value must be suflkiently ol)vious. Under a like impres-ion, I likewise foi- bear to lay stress on tlie employment that sucii extensive and varied channels daily ail'ord to tliousands of our ingenious and industrious fellow- subjeols. In conclusion, from tlio fore((bin;; imperfect view we shall discover, that the actual, and 1 may remark for the greater part, active property, con- nected with the British colonies, stands estimated at a capital of nearly, if not quite, one hundred millions. Of which amount, I presume, (iiul from mortage, and various kinds of engagement, at least one-t'iird of the whole might be found suscepiil)le of tr .iisfer from its nominal, to its real |>ossessoi-s, and that the last would be fuund chiefly resident in the three leading commercial haunts of our com, try, namely, London, Liverpool, and Glasgow. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, G. II N. * For tlic number of slaves nt D«inrrara, 8c« Colonial Journal, vol. l, page 3a6, article, Colonial Porui atiun. INSURRECTION IN BARBADOS. S? TO THE EDITOR OF THE COLONIAL JOl'IlNAL. SIR. I HOPE you will coiitradirt a misrepresentation uliicli found its way into some of the newspaixrs, (li-scril>ing Mr. Jacub Belgravc's property of the Ruby Kstate as being tiiut wliercon tiie first fire coninienccd, whicii might lead to a supposition Uiat he is eitlier a cruel master, or a bad sub- ject. Having been myself a witness of that gentlenis>n'» humanity and kindness to his Negroes, as well as his univer':..i bencvulence and generosity towards mankind in general, I was coiivince, of a new means of industry and am- INDIGO TRADE. 39 pie remuneration to corluiii classes of the inhabitants, (of all colours), in »he West India islands, (the inhabitants of Asia are now the reapers uf tliii^i)cneficial traHc,) who havf not pecuniary means to enter on cultiva- tions inore expensive and more uncertain. The Indigo plant grows spon- tanemisly and luxuriuiiily, ai a tuorthku weed, in ail the islands, where it is uninotected, and on soils that arc abandoned to whatever Nature may produce on tliem. , In the extract you publish of the process alluded to, you would add to the obligation the public would be under, by recommending, in a note, the editors of the newspapera in the islands, also to publish it in their journals two or three ;inies in the year. Indigo used to l>c cultivated in Jamaica, in the Carolinas, and the Cha- ribee Islands $ but the deleterious elTects of the process (having been that by fermentation,) was so destructive to human life, and required such peculiar attention, that very few of the plantem of it persevered and, for the most part, those tliat did were unsuccessful. The scalding operation Is entirely safe, and free from danger «>f any kind, either to health or for- tune, for its results are perfectly certain. The old, the young, the infirm, might attend to this tultivatioii, wliich is an simple as can be imagined ; for Dr. Roxburgh found it in use by the pfasantry in Asia for domestic purposes, and having published the same, it is now cultivated to a very f^reat extent in Bengal, and very large fortunes have been and still con- tinue to be acquired. No doubt. His Majesty's Goveniment would en- courage its growth and manufacture in the King's Colonies. I am, Sir, &c. London, Oct. ♦, 1816. TROPICUS BRITANNICUS. of I of INDIGO, ITS HISTORY, CULTIVATION, MANUFACTURE, AND COMMERCE; Particularly its Manufacture by the Scalding or Digesting Process, and the Pructicability qf reviving its Manufacture in the British H'est Indies. INDIGO is a dying drug obtained from the leaves of certua plants, natives of the tropical climates. In India, its manufacture has been practised from time immemorial, and to the circumstance of its being brought from that country it owes its name of ludicum, which it received from the Romans, and from whicli we have the 40 INDIGO TRADE. inoderu words InHicn-and Indigo*. Anil, tlic name under wTi'u;]i, in later tiinea, it came, by way of Turkey, into tlie western mar- keti) of Europe, is from the Sanscrit, iVi7. Before the discovery of the passage round the Cape of Good Mope, Indigo, like other Indian commodities, formed a bmnch of the Turkey, Levant, or Oriental commerce of tite Mediterranean. In the early period of the English trade with India, Indigo, from AgrSt a city of Bengal, formed one of ^e Company's most ex- tensive and profitable im^iorts ; and in the year 1620, the importa- tion i'lto London amounted to two millions of pounds. It has been represented that the Company's trade in Indigo, after being carried on for a century with considcnible success, was voluntarily relinqnislied for the purpose of favouring the introduc- tion of the commodity from the British West Indiesf; but an in- finitely more proTiable account of the decline and subsequent resto- ration of the Indian Indigo trade is supplied us from another source. A particular history of the commencement of the manu- facture of Indigo in the European settlements of America is not to the present purpose. It is enough that we hove u distinct acknowledgment from the writer now to be quoted, that the prefer- ence acquired by the West India Indigo v/as the result of no friendly aid on the part of the East India Compony, but the natu- ral and necessary' consequence of its own acknowledged superiority. The West India manufacture surpassed, for a time, the ancient standard of the Indian commodity ; and while that state of things continued, and from that cause, and that alone, the Indigo trade of India was depressed. " Europe," says the autlior of Remarks on the Husbandry and Internal Commerce of Bengal, " was supplied with Indigo from India till Atuerica engrossed the market. It is not from the practice of making some pounds of it from a few roods of land * By IndicuMf Ibe name met with in Pliny, ouislit we no* *o iinder«tan«l caruleuM fnilicum, Indian blue or ultrainnriuv ? Ultrnmurinc in called by the Roman naturaliat (xxxiv, 12) cierutettm. The piirpliih coluur of Indigo aperas tu have Bng;grated ita GompariMn with the metallic pigment; and the descrip- tion, " A colour made of blue mixed with the purple," may be more properly a blue tKclitting to purple, or violet, as Indigo is now described in commeire, Indictint in the Latin makes Indico and Indigo in the oiodern dialects of the Mediteiranean. t See Milbnrn's Oriental Cnroinerce. for • ' rupee In If* I-iijfIa t t INDIGO TRADE. 41 iiiligo descrip- prop«'ily imroerre, uf the i\nt competent skill can be uttuiiied. Yet such was the maiia^'c. tnent of the natives. Every peasant individually extracted t'ue dyu from the plants which he liud ultivated on a few //isicas of {ground j or else the manufacture was undertaken by a dyer, as un occHmunul employment connected with his profession. The better maituge* ment of America in this respect, rather than nny essential difference in the intention of the process, transferred the supply of the market to America; for, it is now well ascertained that the Indigo of Ben* gal, 80 far as its natural quality may be solely considered, is supc^ rior to that of North America, and equal to the best of South America; and, althou|$h some labour be wasted in the pro(.'e«it used by the natives, or, at least, though the labour be not so well applied as it is in manufactures conducted on In the British * ** It was formerly maile and sold, iu the provipce of Ag^a, alien or tixtcep fupccR for the mitii gf forty dams. See the Ayeen Akberrjr, vol. II. page 4(3." In |r>jo, it cost in India, according to Mr. Muun,ls. 3d. per pound, andsold in Kitp;land at Ss. t Remarks on the Husbandry and Internal Commerce of Bengal, p. Ifta, t Transactions of {!>« Society for the Encouragenent of Arts, xxviii. Vof,. II.-rNo. g. G 42 INDIGO TRADC. •u)<;ar plantations, in the mean time, the manufacture langiiiNhcrf, and wtiH at lenfrth totally abandoned. In the end. Great Britain •nw the Indigo manufacture oi* all her colonies, an well in the east as in the west, in u state of entire depression. In the year 17^6, she was almost wholly dependent upon Spain and France for the In- digo she required for her manufactures, the quantity imiK>rted from India amounting in value to no more than .f57>002*. In l793, Mr. Edwards stated the annual import of Indigo into Great Bri- tain, from all parts of the world, at one million and a half of |>ouud8, and comolained, thut of that quantity five parts in seven were purchased with ready money of strangers and rivalsf. Of the cause nr causes of the failure of the Indigo manufacture in the British West Indies, it is admitted, by the writer just named, that it is not easy to give a satisfactory utcount. Sooie writers on commercial history have suid, that the cultivation of Indigo, after being tak?n up and carried to great perfection in Barbados and Ja- maica, was abandoned on account of an import-duty of three shil- lings and sixpence per pound, laid by the parliament of Great Bri- tain in 1745; and Mr. Edwards himself may seem to agree that it was under this burden the planters finally sunk. Others, how- ever, simply insist on the disasters which attended the manu- facture; and even Mr. Edwards enumerates a variety of evils, attendant both on the manufacture and cultivation. The duty, it must be admitted, did not operate upon the British Sugar Islands alone ; and yet the manufacture flourished in theCarolinas at a period subsequent to its infliction, and even recovered new life in India, under ail the hardships of its pressure:|:. Beside, the efforts of the British Went Indies did not terminate with the year J 745; and il' is further remarkable that the misfortunes experienced by the later adventurers do not seem to have borne with equal severity upon the beginners: " To what has been suid," observes Mr. Ed- wards, " of ihe nature of the plant suiting itself to every soil, and producing four cuttings n-year, — if we add the cheapness of the buildings, apparatus, and labour, and the great value of the com- modity, there will seem but little cause for wonder at the splendid • Idem, p. 271. t Hiit. West Indies, ii. 236. J 'I he existing iniport-duty ii two pence halfpenny per ponnd. INDIGO TRADE. 48 ngii'iMhcift it Britain n the east ear 1786* For the In- >rted from III 1793. Jreat Bri- a half of tit in seven •t. tnufacture dst named, writers on iigo, after losand Ja« ' three shil- Great Bri- ;ree that it thers, how- the manu- y of evils. The duty* tish Sugar e Carolinas ■ed new life ', the efforts year 1745; ^rienced by aal severity es Mr. Ed- ry soil, and mess of the )f the com- :he splendid accounts which are trunsiuitted to us coiiceriiiiig the opulence ot the first planters. Allowing the produce of uii acre to be thre« hundred pounds, and the proiluce no more than four shillings ster- ling per pound, the gross profit of twenty acres will be twelve hundred pounds, produced by the labour of only sixteen negroes, and on a capital, in land and buildings, scarcely deserving consi- deration. ITnhuppily," he continues, ** the gulden hopes which speculations like these have raised in the minds of thousaiids, have vanished on actual experiment, like the visions of the moriiiiig. I thnik I have myself, in the course of eighteen years residence la the West Indies*, known at least twenty persons commence Indigo planters, not one of whom has left a truce by which I can now point out where his plantation was situated, except perhaps the re- Diains of a ruined cistern, covered by weeds, and defiled by rep- tiles. Many of them, too, were men of knowledge, foresight, and property. That they failed is certain ; but of the causes of their failure I confess I can give no gatisfuctory account. I was told that disappointment trod close at their heels at every step. At one time the fermentation was too long continued ; at another, the liquor was drawn off too soon. Now, the pulp was not duly granulated, and now, it was worked too much. To these inconveniences, for which practice would doubtlessly have found a remedy, were added othera of a much greater magnitude; the mortality of the Negroes, from the vapour of the fermenting liquor, (an alarming circum- stance, that, as I am informed both by the French and English planters, constantly attends the process,) the failure of the seasons, and the ravages of the worm. These, or some of these evils, drove them at length to other pursuits, where industry might tind a surer recompense." To this Mr. Edwards adds the consideration of the duties under which, he tells us, " it (the commodity) sunk ;" but still leaving us in doubt, from a review of his whole statement, of the real and conclusive cause of so much misfortune. The causes of the revival of the Indigo t ide of India are per- ceived with greater distinctnesfn, and the event affords a valuable les- son to nations and individuals ; but here, as before, writers appear to mislead us. The separation of the North American colonies from the mother-country, which was completed in 1783, and which period • Mr. Edwards resided in tbe West Indies from the year 17C0 to 1778, 44 INDIGO TilADE* Iiud been forr.un by a long interval of tcrioua hmtility, ii oifcrfd without foundation, by ttoiue writers, m an occurrence which, by changing the [losition of Great Uritain, led, even in u considerable degree, to the encouragement of the Indigo nianufac- ture of Bengal. The war with Spain and France, which attended the revolution in North America, may with more propriety be re- garded 08 conducive to that encouragement; and to that impulse it is i>ossible that we should odd what wus derived from new ucqui* aitiouH in India. But, whatever it was that gave motion to the ma* chine, private enterprize and public patronage formed the materials of the wheels and springs. The principles assumed by the writer before quoted, and which appear to have been acted upon in In« dia, are these; that the American Indigo had excluded the Asiatic commodity fiom the market through u decided superiority of qua- lity ; that this superiority had for its cause, that which was pre- ferable, not in the plant, nor in the cultivation, but solely in the manufacture; and that the superiority of manufacture was only attributable to the greater advantage with which it was conducted on a large scale, with European capital, in America, than on the humble footing to which it wus confined among the peasants and artisans of India. Such are the principles which we have seen de- veloped in the passage quoted above ; and it was in conformity with them, that as related by the same writer, the plans of the new spe- culators were laid. " Within a very late period," he tells us, " the enterprize of a few individuals has revived the exportation of Indigo, but it has been mostly manufactured by themselves;" and attain, " the spirited and persevering exertions of a few indivi- duals," ♦• have restored tliis commerce to Bengal, solely by the su- perior quality of their manufacture ; for, so fur as regards the cul- ture, no material change has been made in the practice of the natives. In the southern provinces, the munufacturers cultivate little themselves, but purchase the plant from the neighbouring, peasantry*." It has been said above, that the revival of the Indigo trade of Bengal affords a valuable lesson to nations and individuals; and this wifh so much the more reason, as the example before us is ad- mirably adapted to weaken the force of that desponding reflection of * Remarks, &c> INDIGO TRAD£. 45 rade of and » is ad- tion of Mr. Edwardt, upon the failure of the Indigo manufacture in Jamaica, which has hitherto lieen paaaed over in silence. " Their hiHtory," •ays Mr. Edwards, (the history of the unsuccesMful Indigo plan* /ters) *' furnishes a new illustration to a very trite but important re- marki that a manufacture once destroyed, scarce ever takes root again in the same country." The manufacture of Indigo, it is true, had not been destroyed in India, but it had encountered n formidable rival ( the demand had been reduced to a fraction of its former amount* ; and, in this state, the spirited and persevering ex- ertions of a few individuals effected its revival. In 1786, the im- port of Indigo into England from India was only fifty-seven thousand poundt sterling value, and about two hundred thousand pounds weight ; and in 1807 it had progressively increased to more than five millions of pounds weight, and one million three hundred thousand pouuds value. The average value of the import for eight years, from 1802 to 1810 was upwards of twelve hundred thousand pounds, being a total of ^9,601,^262 1* 1" 1786, England imported from foreign countries five sevenths of her internal consumption of Indigo, and in J 799 she had aln ady become an exporter to a con- siderable amount, India alone supplying almost the whole that entered her markets. But it is of the last importance to understand the veal circum- stances under which the Indigo trade of India has been restored; what natural difficulties it has had to contend with, and what arti- ficial assistance it has received. The inquiry would be indispens- able to those who should indulge the hope of entering into rivalry with it in any other ))art of the world ; and the two writers on the Indian trade, already cited above, supply us with valuable particu- lars under either head. The natural difficulties, it will be seen from the following extract, are scarcely less formidable in the East Indies than in the Weit. It is remarkable, indeed, that no comparative inconvenience seems to be iSelt in India from the vapour arising from fermentation, the usual, if not universal process by which the dye is procured in Ben- gal. The worm, ns appears from the observations of Dr. Roxburgh, on Nerium Tinctorium^, is tire notorious enemy of the com- * Apparently to a twentieth, if not itill luw*;r. i* Milbunt's Oriental Commerce. t Transactions of the Society of Arts, xxviii. ■MBH 46 INDIGO TRADE. mon Indigo plant, as well in Asia as in America*; and fromtho representations that follow, of the prospects of the cultivator and manufacturer in India, they are placed, as just intimated, in no su- perior condition to those of the West India planter. " The produce in the difterent seasons," says the author of the Remarks, " is most widely unequal ; and, in the same season, equal quantities of the plant aflbrd very disproportionate (juantitiea of the dye. However, it may be stated, that four rupiyas for a bighaf do not ill pay the rent and culture; and the manufacturer need not be dissatisfied if he obtain six pounds of the dye from each bigha, at an expense o/ manufacture, including his own sub- sistence, little exceeding the cost of the plant J. The profit of the manufacturer depends on the quality of the Indigo; and this i» very unequal, since it varies according to the skill of the manufac- turer. Excluding Indigo of very superior quality, the medium price of it, when sold for exportation, cannot be rated higher than current rv.piyasonehundredand forty, or sicarupiyas^ one hundred and twenty for a man 1| : this affords to the manufacturer a mere subsistence, from a spaculation wherein the expense is certain and the returns precarious ^. Tiie fact confirms the estimate, for it is well known that little has hitherto been gained by the speculation. The successful planters are few ; the unsuccessful, numerous. * The only rcint'dy, says INIr. Edwards, is to change tlie soil every year. ■\- A higha or bcga is an Indian land-measure, equal, in Bengal, to about ths third part of an En$;lish acre. X The produce in Jamaica, per acre, of the first rutting, if not greatly di- roinislred by the worm, is estimated by Mr. Edwards at about eighty pounds weight of what the French cull pigeon's neck; or ubout sixty pounds of a quality equal to the Guatimala. The yielding fur the subsequent cuttings somewhat diminished; but in Jamaica and St. Domingo, if the land was n.-w, about three hundred pounds per acre, of the second quality, might be expected from all the cuttings together. In the West Indies, in seasonable situations, our cuttings in the year were sometimes had from the same roots. ^ The imaginary rupee, rupiyah, or rupyah, of Bengal, called the current rupee, in which the Company's accounts were formerly kept, was rated at the nominal vutue of two shillings sterling; and the real coin, called sica or sicca rupee, sixteen percent, better than the current rupee. II Commonly written maund, % " It is not easy to estimate the prime-cost of Indigo. In districts, where the production is cheapest in favourable seasons, it is, also, almost precarious, and sometimes fails entirely. From information received, we are disposed to state the prime-coMt from sixty to one hundred rupiyas for a mdn. Probably the real average of the cost may fall between Kcventy an J eighty rupiyas." TXDIGO TRADE. 47 The manufacture is nevertheless pursued with spirit, and not un- reasonably ; for, experience may be expected to correct the eriora which are unavoidable in new undertakings. The sagacity of in- genious men has greatly improved the process, which is still in the progress of improvement, for determining the most advantageous size and proportion of the steepers and batterries, for ascertaining with precision tiie period of sufficient fermentation and agitation, for drying the Indigo expeditiously, and subjecting it to a process calculated to prevent injury by worms and maggots, and for an ar- rdugement to conduct the process with the utmost cleanliness, with economy of labour, and wiihout wastage." It is to the foregoing that the writer immediately adds, " From an inconsiderable production, it [Indigo] has grown, through the exertions of private persons, to an object of great commercial im- portance; and, under a skilful and frugal management, it may he expected to reward the enterprise by which it has been established." But here it is necessary to take notice of the artilicial assistance which the trade, and those who ventured in it, experienced from the funds of the East India Company. " In 179<), the Company enter.id into a contract with an enterprising individual then resident ^t Calcutta, at very eucoi' raging prices, which led others to embark in the cultivation, from whom the Company also made purchases. In the support of this commodity, the Company are stated to have lost, on the sale of their purchases, =£80,000. Having thus fostered and protected this article of Indian produce, and brought it it)to a state of maturity, the Company agreed to leave it in the hands of t'leir servants in India, and those who live under their protection, to serve as a safe and legal cliannel for remitting their fortunes to England. When the Company ceased purchasing, the planters felt themselves void of resources for continuing their exertions; upon whicli the Company again stood forward, and aflbrdcd ihem assistance in the way of loan, having security of their produce for the payment of the sales in London, to the extent of ^884,734, in the course of a few years. With this aid," concludes the writer, " they persevered in their exertions, and their labours have even- tually been crowned with success. The article of Indigo now bears • distinguished rank in the list of Asiatic products, and may be coatiidered the staple commodity of the private trade from India*." * Oriental Commerce. f^amtmm 48 INDIGO TRADK. Hnviug thus tmced the revival of tho Indian trade In the com- modity under remark, it will not he improper to advert, with a view to comparison, to the information whicli is given iia aH to its cultivation an«l manufacture in those countries where both are thus atlvantas^eously pursued. " Ground of any sort," says the author of the Keniarks, " that is fertile, and secure from probable inundation, is prepared as in the common husbandry, and sown in the broad-cast during the latter months of the hot season, or at the commencement of the rains. It should be weeded twice or oftener; and, with no further labour, the early plant is ready for cutting in the beginning of August ; and the titik.s, arriving successively at maturity, supply the works until the commencement of October. Other management has been tried, by thrriwing the land into fur« rows, and by sowing in dril'is, but witliiout much success. One improvement, however, deserves notice, as it enlarges the season of cultivating and manufacturing Indigo; it consists in sowing early in the hot sesison upon low lands, for a crop to be reaped at the commencement of the niins before the annual inundation, or sow- ing at the same season upon higher groimd, for nn early crop, forced by frequent watering of the field. This has been introduced in the western districts, where circumstances have admitted of experi> mentst In the southern provinces, the manufacturers cultivate Iit« tlfc themselves, but purchase the plant from the neighbouring pea« santrj'; it seldom yields produce beyond the year in which it is sown, while rattoons or lay-oveiv are preserved, in the western pro- vinces, to the second, and evcu to the third and fourth years. Of the expense and produce it is not easy to form an accurate estimate* because many factories purchase th plant by measure, while others pay for the quantity of land, and some plant their own Indigo." In what has precedinl, there has been in view only the common Indigo-plant, and the common process by fermentation ; and it has been seen that it is with that plant, and that process, that all the sue* cess in India has been obtained. To these facts the reader's attention should be directed ; but, so much premised, it is now to be brought also into view, that India possesses another Indigo plant, and ano- ther process for the niiumfucture, of one or Ijoth of which (though neither of them is the foundation of the success in the East Indies,) it is possible that abcneticiui use might be made in the West Indies, INDIGO TRADE. 49 A ;;pmi8 of Indigo pinnts is indigenous in all the West Indies*. The specieb known in JamHica are three ; tlie Wild, {Indigofera art^entea of Linneeus,) the diatiinala [Indigofera dispertna,) and the French, {indigo francf,) wliich is the Indigo/era tinetoria of Liiin:rus. Of all tlieHe, as there seems great reason to believe, the eomnion wild fndigo of Jamaica (Indigofera argentea) is the pre- ferable plant, the inferior <|ii:intity of its pulp being compensated for by the greater hardiness of its growth, and better quality of its dye, both in grain and !ind the BpecUs of Nerium (fur Di'- Roxburfrh ilescrihcg two) "delimht most ill the south or sunny sidt: of the hills and mountains." ** Ou the rocky barren soil," sajs he, in anutlier place, "where these bushes frrow, the ther- rooinctcr rises between one hnudicd und forty and one hundred and fifty, au astonishing hent for veg<'t>tMrH to flourish in." 1 The Aficlrpiases of Suniittrn and Pegu are perennials also. § Letter addreHscd by Kdward H:iy, Esq. secretary, fiir thr considcratmn ef the Supreme Government of lien^Hl. INDIGO TIIADE. 51 tliat linth the qualit}' bad been long known, and the process long employed, in tiie countries of whicii it is a native *. The colour which the leaves acquired, in drying for the Doctor's hortus siccus, particularly if they happened to be bruibed, tir^t induced him to suppose them to be possessed of colouring matter; and the pecu- liar property of the leaves, whicli do not yield their colour to cold water, forcee thought nf, for attaining his objt-ct with cold water, resorting to rain water, soft water from the well, river water, and various kinds of hard water, but all without any good effect ; for with cold water he never could procure any other than a very small [)ro« portion of a hard, black, flinty substance, undeserving of the name of Indigo, burning with much difliculty, and with a white smoke, into (lurk- colon red ashes ; whereas, by the new process, that is, by the use of hot water, he ol)»ained a substance which burns readily, with a most beautiful deep violet-coloured smoke, and a strong peculiar smell, into fine white ashes. The method and bcaeiits of the Scat.ding Puocrss, and not the cultivation of Nerium Tinctorium, (which is reserved for a future article,) will be the subject of the remainder of these observations. That process, which is equally applicable to the manufacture of Indigo from every kind of indigoferons plant, is performed in the manner now to be collected from the account of Dr. Roxburgh. The leaves of Nerium Tinctorium, or leaves and twigs of the com- mon Indigo plane, being recently collected, as, for instance, on the preceding day, are put into coppers, or other vessels, in suffi- cient quantity, full, but not pressed down, and the vessels are filled with cold water to within two or three inches of the top ; and this space must be left, because, in this process!, the bulk of the leaves and twigs is enlarged as much by the operation of fire on the water, as, in the other, by fermentation. The fire is now * Dr. Rcxbur|;li'8 first «1e«cripti«m »( SWium Tinctor'tuntt and tlic prorrm for maiiufacturing Indi^ro from its leave*, were sent to Eiislanil in 17011, uiul ufter- ward published in tlin Oricntnl Repertory, but he 8uhsc<|nciitly karncii, from a friend in England, thai among the papers of Dr. George Campbell, who was a surgeon on the Madra* Cfitabliiihnient, nnd wlio died of the wounds hv received in the action tietween Colnnfl nnillie and Hyder Ali in I7S(), llure was found an account of the tree, and of the roanufncturr, by the nutivi-s, o Indigo from its leafes. ^mmimmmm iTiwni 1 iKi7 5d INDIGO TRADE. lighted, and maintained rather briskly, till the liquor, as seen in the vessel, has acquired a deep green colour, or, if taken out and poufed from one vessel to another, appears of a pale but bright green. Tiic leaves, in this stage of the process, begin to assume a yellowish coloui , and the heat 6f tlie liquor is about one hundred and fifty or one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit's scale. Little dependence can he placed on the copper or violet-coloured scum, as the leaves must be constantly agitated, and turned upside down, to produce, as nearly as [K>ssible, an equal degnie of scalding ; and if this is omitted, those at the bottom will be much over-done before those at the surface have been sufficiently acted upon. The mo- tion serves, at the same time, to expel the air, which greatly for- wards the operation. But, some time before the liquor has ac- quired the above-mentioned appearance, the tires must be with- drawn, or else suffered to die away ; and it is necessary that all the vessels, the contents of which are to be let into the same agita- tion-vat, should be ready at the same time ; a precaution which a little practice renders of easy observance. All the vessels be- ing ready, the liquor contained in the whole is drawn off at once» a contrivance being resorted to to let it pass through a hair-cloth» in order to prevent the admission of any of the leaves, &c. from getting into the agitation-vat. The whole of the liquor being drawn off, it is agitated, while hot, in the common way, for a few minutes ; from five to twenty being generally found sufficient to produce the necessary degree of gra- nulation. A quantity of pure lime-water, equal to about one se- ventieth or one hundredth part, is then (the liquor being still hot) let in, from the lime-water cistern ; which fluid requires only to be sufficiently mixed with the liquor to produce quickly a very large grain, which soons precipitates. The liquor above is now let M, and the remainder of the process entirely resembles that which belongs to the manufacture of the common fermented Indigo. If the process is proper'v conducted, the supernatant liquor runs off of a clear Madeira wine colour, by which is evinced that it re- tains none of the Indigo. Tins process was performed with ease, by Dr. Roxburgh, twice a-day, and he tells us that it may be done three times. The heat- ing of the liquor in the vessels, to the degree above-mentioned, re- quired only about three hours, and the t»gitati©n and precipitation INDIGO TRADE. 53 as long; so, that by the time the heating is completed, the fecula of the preceding operation is ready to be removed ff^m the agita- tion-vat to the cistern in which it is to remain till it has precipitated into a still smaller bulk. The chief advantages of the Scalding Process, over the common one of fermentation, are thus enumerated by Dr. Roxburgh :— 1. The produce is usually larger ; it rarely happening that the whole of the colour is not extracted at once, that defect bein tion ; and adds, that the Indigo itself is very fine, " which," says Dr. Roxburgh, "1 attribute to boiling alone— probably scalding.'''' i* The benefits to be expected in the West Indies, from the adoption of the Scalding Process, have already been offered to public notice by Mr. Edwards, in the later editions of his work. 1- ' M ■ iimiiiiiiii 54 INDIGO TKADK. tioii of the reader to the simplest iletnil of tlie r.fw process, recoui- menflod, as it is, not lesH by its celerity and simplicity, than by •JO many ot!ier ndvantii^es. The aim of what U now, and wliat will hereafter lie written, is to submit Ui the consideration of tlie Colo- nists in the Itritiwh West Lk :h the practicability of resumiii}? tlicir •hare in the manufacture of Indigo. It has appeared that tlicy arc already in possession of the common Indiijo plants*, and expressly of tliat sjwcies (Indlgoferu Tinctoria) which is the common Indigo plant of India ; that they have even an indigenous species (Indigo- fcra Argentefi) which is less liable to failure in cultivation, and of better (juality in it' dyf, tlnin the common I mi it; a species ; that tiiey liavi> no greater difficulties to contend with, citiier astocul- »i, reo'-nsto munufijcture, than present themselves, and are over- rome, in India ; tliat their rnannfactnrc surjiassed, wliilo it lasted, that of tl;e banks of the ("Jangcs; tliat a period has existed, during which, from the rflect of that, superiority, untl fiom that f^flect alone, the West India ln;e of soil and iteasnn and (.-liiiiiite. Tlie Atlieiiiuii orator ftirbude his tellow-citizeiib to ilt^ »pair of their etlbrtsi a^aiiiut Philip, on the grouiul tliat all their failures had proceeded from wrong measures, and that all ri^ht ones would he new, and still remained to be tried. In like manner, anew path would beopen to the West Indian manufacture of Indigo, even if it were admitted that all the past precluded exi)cctation. There is a new process and a new plant. As to the share wliiih is to betaken liy the mother-country, nothing but what is ({uite simple is requisite. She wU buy the bc.i: and cheapesil Indigo she cau get, from the best and cheapest Indigo-manufacturers among her <.'hildren, whether of the East or Weat. She did not employ her political power to raise the West India n)anufu«.-ture to its former Msceniian(;e over the Asiatic; she did not employ it to restore thq manufacture to India; she will not iiit('rf»Me, except as a merchant, Jietween any rival I3ri(ish traders. Doubtlessly we 1 ave a more lively interest in the prosperity of tiie West Indies than in that of the East Indies. The West Indies consume, to their utmost ability, Mur manufactures, merchandi/f, and produce, and the East Indies almost entirely rt^ject them ; the West Indien, therefore, promote our national industry much more largely than the East. The pros- perity of tlic Wcht Indies increases our numbers as a nation, both at home and in the colonies; the prosperity of the East Indies tends, in great measure, only to increase the numbers of a people allied to us neither by manners, by language, by religion, by laws, nor by any community of wants or of views ; while tht extension of our own numbers is a guarantee for our national and personal liber- ties. The possession of foreign countries, the seats of despotic go- vernments, has even a tendency to enslave ourselves ; but the mul- tiplication of our fellow-subjects is a source of conunon 8e.;irity. We shall be free as we are great, and great as we arc numerous. Every feeling, therefore, of love of country, every principle of po- litical interest, binds ue, by pieference, to the West Indies. Bui the question before ns, nevertheless, demands, perhaps, no legis< lative partialities. Pr'.vp.te enterprizc and inouied capital are all that are wanting ; and the public advantage may be sufficiently promoted by the due and unfettered operation of individual enter- pri^e and in4u«try. 56 AN ACCOUNT OF THE MISSIONS IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, APPOINTED BY The Incorporated Sociely for the Prttpagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parti. [Extfocted from the Society'! annual publicationi.] An Abstract of the Charter, and of the Proceedings of the Sociely for the Propagation of tiie Gospel in Foreign Parts, from the 17lii day of Fe- bruary, 1815, to the 16lh day of February, 1816. King William III. was graciously pleased, on the 10th of June, 1701, to erect and settle a corporation, with a perpetual succession, by the name of Tlje Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ; for the receiving, managing, and disposing of the contributions of such persons as would be induced to extend their charity towards the maintenance of a learned and an orthodox clergy, and the making of such other provision as might be necessary for the propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts, uiKjn information, that in many of our plantations, colonies, and factories beyond the seas, the provision for ministers was mean, and many other oi our said plantations, colonies, and factories, were wholly unprovided of a maintenance for ministers, and the public worship of God ; and that, for lack of support and maintenance of such, many of his loving subjects wanted the administration of God's word and sacraments, and seemed to be abandoned to atheism and infidelity, and otliciT> of them to popish su • perstition and idolatry. The Society was composed, by the charter, of the chief prelates ar.d dignitaries of the church, and of several lords and eminent persons in the state, with a power to elect, from time to time, such others to be member* of the corporation, as they, or the major part of them, should think be- neficial to their charitabU; designs, to receive the donations of all charitable and well-disposed persons towards this most pious design ; and through an especial blessing this work of the Lord bath all along prospered in their hands. The Society, as their charter directs, give an annual account to the Lord High Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, of the several sums of money by them received, and laid out, and of the management and disposition of tl)e revenues of tiie corporation, an abstract of which, and of their pro- ceedings, they annually publish. BllITlSi: NCRTII-AMERICAN MISSIONS. 57 Lord tlie noney ion of pro- A Lift qflhe Societi/'s Missionaries, Cutecliitts, and School-masters, with their respective Salaries, and the Places at which tluij officiate. Annual NEWFOUNDLAND. Salaried. £. 1 Mr. David Rowland, missionary at St. John's ... SOO 2 Mr. Marshall, schnoUinastiT at St. John's - - - - 15 3 Mr. l''redc.'c:k Uuinilton Carrington, misaionary at Harbor Grace aiul Carboncr ..... 200 4 Mr. William Lainpon, schooNmastcr at Harbor Grace • '20 5 Mr. John Tucker, schooUmaster in Conception Uay - 10 d Mr. John Clinch, missionary at Trinity Bay ... 300 7 Mr. John Thomas, catuchist and school-master at Silly Cove 15 8 Mr. miiisionary at Placcntia, • • 200 Mr. Thomas Plumleigh, school-master at Drigus, Conception Bay - - - - - 10 10 Mr. William Tulk, school-master at Burin • -15 1 1 Mr. Kdward Muilaby, school-master at Bonavista • • 15 NOVA SCOTIA. 12 Dr. Robert Stanser, missionary at Halifax - • 200 13 Mr. George Wright, missionary to the Germans at Halifax 200 14 Mr. Cyrus Perkins, missionary at Annai)olis and Clements 200 15 Mr. Ichabod Corbit, school-master at Anna|x>lis - • 15 IG Mrs. Rebecca Bailey, school-mistress at Annapolis • - 10 17 Mr. Thomas Bonthron, school-master at Clements - -15 18 Mr. William King, missionary at Windsor - - - 200 19 Dr. William Cocliran, missionary at Falmouth - - 200 20 Mr. John I^ird, school-master at Horton - - - 10 21 Mr. Robert Norris, missionary ut Corn wallis and Hortna - 200 22 Mr. Cornelius Fox, school-master at Cornwallis - • 10 23 Mr. , missionary at Aylesford - • 200 24 Mr. John Kerr, school-master at Aylesford - - 15 25 Mr. , missionary at Wilmot ... 200 2(i Mr. Robert Stone, school-master at Wilmot - - - 15 27 Mr. Jolm Milliilge, missionary at Granville ... 200 28 Mr. Robert Dalton, school-master at Granville - - - 10 29 Mr, Roger Viets, missionary at Digbv - - - 200 30 Mr. , school-master at Digby - - 15 3 1 Mrs. Elizabeth Foreman, school-mistress at Digby - - 5 32 Mr. Tliomas Rowland, missionary at Stielburne - - 200 33 Mr. Richard Bra/el, school-master at Shelburne - - 10 34 Mrs. Lucy Cowling, school-mistress at Siielburne - - 10 35 Mr. Thonjas Shreve, missionary at Lunenburgh ... 200 3d Mr. Henry Statford, school-master at Lunenburgh • • 20 37 Mrs. Elizabeth Bryzelius, school-mistress at Lunenburgh - 10 38 Mr. WillMin Twining, missionary at Rawdon and Douglas - 200 39 Mr. Thomas Dewolf, &chool-master at On»low - . - - lo Vot. n. No. 3. I waum 58 BRITISH NORTH-AMERICAN MIHSIONS* 40 Mr. , inisRionary at Parborougli • - 200 4 1 Mr. Charles William Weeks, minionary at Gu> sburougli - 200 42 Mr. Patrick Pattoii, school-matter at Guysborough • 10 43 Mr. Charles Ingles, missionary at Chester ... - 200 44 Mr. , niisHionary at Yarmoiilh - . - 200 4 J Mr. John VVetmore, school-master at Yarmouth - •IS 4G Mrs. Anne M'Kiniion, school-mistress at Yarmouth - - 10 47 Mr. Benjamin (Jray, missionary at Sackville - - 300 ♦8 Mr. George Dill, school-master at Truro - - - 10 49 Mr. John Peit/ch, school-master at Campbell Town, Sheet Harbour - - . . . - . 15 50 Mr. John Campbell, school-master at Boy Islon - -15 51 Mr. Alexander Stevenson, sch(K)l-master at Liverpool - 15 52 Mr. Daniel Anderson, school-master at Merigonish - ■ 15 NEW BRUNSWICK. 53 Mr. George Mountain, missionary at Freclericton - - 200 54 Mr. Benjamin Williams, school-master at Kredericton - 10 55 Mr. George Pidgeon, missionary at St. John's - - 200 56 Mr. Silvanus Whitney, school-master at Carleton - - 15 57 Mr. , missionary at Maugervillc and Burton 200 58 Mr. , school-master at Maugervillc - 10 5!) Mr. Nelson DeVeber, school-master at Burton - - 10 60 Mr. Elias Scovll, missionary at Kingston - - 200 01 Mr. Rufus lleaUl, school-master at Kingston - -10 62 Mr. Samuel Andrews, missionary at St. Andrew's - - 200 03 ^Ir. Ei>ene2er Bugbee, catechist and school-master at St. Andrew's - - - - 15 C4 Mr. Richard Clarke, missionary at St. Stephen's - - 200 CS Mr. William Todd, school-master at St. Stephen's - 15 06 Mr. Samuel Clarke, missionary nt Gage Town - - 200 C7 Mr. George Knox, school-master at Gage Town - - 10 68 Mr. Oliver Arnolil, missionary at Sussex Vale and Norton • 200 69 Mr. Walter Diblee, n]aster of the Indian school at Susse.v Vale, for teaching the white children - - 10 70 Mr. '"'rctlerick Dibblee, niis^ionary at Woodstock, Northamp- cnn. Prince \Viliiam, and Quecnborough - - 200 71 Mr. Beardsley, school-master at Woodstock, &c. - - 15 72 Mrs. Amie Woodland, school-mistress at Northampton - 10 7J Mr. , school-master at Prince William and Queenborough - - - - 10 CAPE BRETON. 74 Mr. Robert Ferryman, missionary at Sydney - - 200 UPPER CANADA. T« Mr. George Okill Stuatt, missionary at Kingston, and to the Mohawk Indians « - •• • 200 83 The in the I with mil penses acquaint enlarge 1 Then many ex board, tion mad vernmenl five; mai The ch ant has pc bath-day, AtGre several re BRITISH NORTH-AMERICAN MISSIONS. 59 70 Mr. John Green, scliool-mastcr to (he Mohawks - - 90 77 Dr. Strachan, missionary at York ... ^75 78 Mr. , missionary at Erncsl-Town and Frcde- ricksburgh ..... 2OO 7!) Mr. Robert Addison, missionary at Niagara, and for visiting the Indians - - . . . 220 80 Mr. Devercux naldwyn, missionary at Cornwall < . 200 81 Mr. Riciiard Pnlhird, missionary at Sandwich • • 200 S2 Mr. Joiin Gunter Wcngant, missionary at Williamsburgh and Usnaburgh - .... oqq 83 Mr. Jolm Bethnne, missionary at Elizabeth Town and Augusta 200 LOWER CANADA. •4 Mr. John Jackson, missionary .tt William Henry • - C15 85 Mr. Charles Caleb Cotton, missionary at Duniiam . . 200 86 The Hon. Charles Stewart, missionary at St. Arniand - 200 87 Mr. Ilichard Bradford, missioixary at Cliatham - . 200' 68 .Mr. Mtcaiah Townshcnd, missionary at Christie and Caldwell Manors ..... ggo Besides tiiis, tiie Society are at a considerable expense in furnishing mis- sionaries with books for a library, as well as bibles, prayer-books, and small religious tracts, to distribute among their people, as occasions re* quire ; and in gratuities for extraordinary services. And as the Society ge- nerally receive from their missionaries, accounts of their proceedings, and of the state of their several mi:-siuns, it is thought proper to publish the following abstract of such informations as were received from the mis- sionaries, in the year 1SI;> : — NEWFOUNDLAND, The Rev. Fn-di-rick Uainilton Carrington, missionary at Harbour Grace, in the name of the proprietors of the church at Carboneer, acknowledges, with much gratitude, tlie liberal donation of the Society in aid of the ex- penses attending tlie erection of the church, in that settlement. He also acquaints the Society, that the inhabitants of Harbour Grace propose to enlarge their church during the present year. The Rev John Clincli, missionary at Trinity Bay, acknowledges, with many expressions of gratitude, the gratuity of ^t 50, granted to hiin by the board, at the solicitation of Sir Richard Keats; and also the liberal addi- tionmadetothesalariesof missionaries in general, through the aid of go- vernment. Mr. C. sends his Notitia for the last year, viz. baptisms, filty- five; marriages, seven ; burials, eighteen ; communicants, forty -two. The church at Bonavista is in tolerably good repair. A zealous inhabit- ant has performed divine service, and read a sermon regularly every sab- bath-day, without fee or reward. At Greens, in Bonavista Bay, a now church has lately been built. At several rema^^'^ --■-' BKM 64 BRITISH XORTTI-AMrRICAX MISSIOJfS. Christmas festivals a great Fiumbcr. The cluircli is a very large and hand- some stnicture, and constantly filled by an exemj)lary, devout, and at- tentive congregation. The Notitia for the last year contains, baptisms, seventy-nine; marri£.^es, seventeen; burials, fifteen. The Rev. Elias Scovil, missionary at Kingston, reports, that by the blessing of God he has been able to discharge the duties of his mission as formerly. He divides his time among the several parisiies committed to hi.! care. Tlie church at Kingston has be« n thoroughly repaired. The new church at Hampton is not yet seated, whicli delay has been occa- sioned by the war ; throughout the whole province there is a great defi- ciency of ministers of the church of England ; in his county there are seven large parishes, and only two of them supplied with missionaries, and the wants of other counties are equally great. The Notitia contains, baptisms, infants, forty-one; adults, two ; marriages, nineteen : burials, six. The venerable missionary of St. Andrew's, the Rev. Samitel Andrews, still continues to officiate in the town, and was enabled to preach every Sunday during the last year, with the exception of two. He has litely been appointed chaplain to the garrison, with a salary of £60, which he would willingly relinquish in favour of an assistant, could a suitable person he procured for that situation. The vestry have also agreed to allow a salary of .£40 for the same purpose; and the Society would be willing to add an annual stipend of ^110. Theseinduccments however have hitherto been without success, and the distant parts of the mission have sulFered f; : in tiie inability of Mr. Andrews to attend to their religious state. Tiie Rev. Samuel Clarke, missionary at Gage Town, reports, that the church is rapidly increasing; he had visited the out-parishes more fre- quently than usual during the last winter. The Grand Lake is a very extensive establishment, more than twenty-four miles in extent, whither he is frequently called. Long Island is more than nine miles from Gage Town, where he attends every fourth Sunday, and preaches to a large con- gregation. He is often called upon to attt^nu the sick, fifteen or twenty miles distant. His Notitia for the last fifteen liionths contains, baptisms, infants, seventy-five; adults, fourteen; blacks, four; marriages, twenty- nine ; burials, seven. The Rev. Frederick Diblee, missionary at Woodstock, reports, that he continues to officiate every third Sunday from May to November, in the two lower parishes, but in the winter he is not able to attend. At Queens- bury, nine miles below Woodstock, it is intended to erect a new church, and some progress has already been made in so important an object. Application has been made to the Society for assistance, which has been readily promised under the usual regulation. UPPER AND LOWER CANADA. The Lord Bishop of Quebec transmits to the Society an application which jiad been made to him by some of the most respectable characters in the province, on the propriety of granting an allowance of «£^50 per annum to a certain number of young men from tli« age of eighteen or nineteen t» URlTlSIi NOUTIl-AMKUICAN MISSIONS. 65 twenty-three, to enable tlieiit to ptiniic tlieir studies as raiididates for holy orders, the parents giving security fur the rrpaynuMit of the money should the students relinquisli their intention ; the Society, (hily impressed with the ndvantages that may arise from an encouragement of this nature, have aiireed to place, for a limited time, the annual sum of £'200, at the dispo* sal of the Bishop, in compliance with His Lordship'ti suggestion, and in Jiopes that it may prove the foundation of future exertions ou the part of Government. In the coure of the last year the Bishop ordained two young men, who had been pursuing their studies for some time, under the superintendancQ of Mr. Cotton, of Dimham, one of whom, Mr. Townshend, was ap* pointed by Government to the township of Caldwell manor, and adopted by the Society as their missionary at that place ; tlie other, Mr. Rcid, hud undertaken the care of St. Arniand, during the abst^nce of the Hon. and Hev. Charles Siewart, (who had come to England for a short time,) with an undei«tauding that he should be appointed miss' --r.ary to Stanstead, iiion for four additional missionaries in the Canadas. The Rev, George Okill Stuart, missionary at Kingston, acknowledges the receipt of two boxes of books, one, containing bibles, &c. for general distribution, the other, for the use of the Mohawks. His congregation had not much increased during the war, but, on the contrary, the perver- sion of morals and licentiousness had been much extended among the lower class of the community. His Notitia contains, marriages, (ifty-five ; baptisms, eighty-seven ; burials, one hundred and fifteen; including botlt army and navy. The Rev. Robert Addison, missionary at Niagara, reports, that on the destruction of the church, and dispersion of the congregation by the enemy, he had, with the permission of the Bishop, accepted the appoint- meat of chaplain to the St. Lawrence ; but, on the restoration of jicace, he liad returned to his mission, where he was actively employed in ofTicial- iiig at several places in the neighbourhood of Niagara. His Notitia con- tains, baptisms, eighty-six ; marriages, five ; burials, two. I'he Hev. Richard Pollard, missionary at Sandwich, was cn^ployed, during the period the enemy occupied that part of the country, at Ernest Town, under direction of the Bishop. At the date of his last letter, he had again taken possession of his own mission, where he performed divine service every Sunday to the troops, at ten o'clock in the morning, and lo the inhabitants at noon. The church books and others were all carried oft' by the Americans, while they were in occupation of the town. The Rev. John Bethune, missionary at Elizabeth and Augusta, repr«*sr'nt'. the country adjoining his mission as having been settled about thirty yeurs ; the population is numerous and wealthy, many of them wcll-disposfd to- wards the church ; then' is a district-school, consiiting of sixty children, under the charge of the iniaister; they are catechized every Stinday. Ac Augusta there is a tok'r«,bly coud cliurch, but iu an uiifiiii>li(;d ^utc. Vou H. No. 3. K .. W >^-MM 'LUi^ .-.«:..,-.,....,>. €6 BRITISH NORTH-AMERICAN MISSION.*?; In Elizabeth Town they make use rf the court-house for divine service/ there is, however, some prospect of building a church in that township. 'I'he Rev. John Jackson, missionary at William-Henry, communicatett intelligence of the formation of a new settlement in his immediate iicigh- bourliood, cuiisisting chiefly of discliurged soldiers, to be called Drumond- villc; provision is to be made for a resident minister, but till that taketf place, he will consider this colony as comprized within the limits of hi* mission. The last mortgage of .£60 on the cimrch has been paid ofT by (tie increase of pew-rents ; the building is also in perfect repair. A short time previously to Mr. Stewart's leaving Canada, he accompa- nied Mr. Townshend to Caldwell and Christie manors, where the people have engaged to finish the church, and to contribute ^30 in addition to the missionary's salary. Mr. Stewart had visited Stanstead, and other townships cast of Lake Memphremagog, and found the people well-di»* posed towards the church. His Notitia from Nov. I, 1814, to July 15, 1815, contains, Trinity church, baptisms, adults, four; infants, eighteen; marriages, ten ; burials, three ; communicants, July 9, fifty-four. St. Paul'i church, baptisms, adult, one; infants, twenty-five; marriages, three; com« «mnicant8, July 3, fifty-four. The Society taking into their serious consideration the absolute necessity there is, that such clergymen, as are sent abroad, should be duly qualified for tiie work to which they are appointed, desire every one who recom* tnends any person to them for that purpose, to testify his knowledge as t(f the followintj paiticulare : 1. The age of the person. S. His condiliou of life, whether single or married. 3. His temper. 4. His prudence. $. His learning. t. His sober and pious conversation. 7.. His zeal for the Christian religion, and diligence in his holyrallinf, 8. His affection to the present Government. U. His conformity to tlie doctrinf and discipline of the church of Eng» land. .\iid tlie Society rec^uests all persons concerned, that they rccommen(t iio man nut of lavour ur affection, or any other worldly consideration, but with a biixcre regard to the honour of Almighty God, and our blessed Saviour; as tlioy tender the interests of the Christian religion, and the ^xkI of men's souls. IJut if any person should appear abroad in the chanicter of a clergymarf >i( tlie claircliuf England, und disgrace that profession by improper beha-* \iotit, the Society desire their friends tp examine, if they can, into hisT Letters of Order*, and to inspect the list of the missionaries aniuially pub- linhed b\ ilie Soeicty. by which, if it shouid be found that he came thither ^ilh their knuwleili^e, (liey wiil^ upon duu (iifurmution, put away front liieitt tJiut wivlied pcrsoU'. procce( Am Society iJiat ve Thej with tli *t whic HALIFAX DiaCESAN llEPORT. 6? - 1166 5 10 By benefactions and legacies • - - - - 7615a 1^ subscriptions and entrances • • • - - 40 120 By dividends from the funds — - • - • 40188S By rent of estates ....... 202 5 By annuity from the estate of the late Anthony Barnes - 20 By annuity from the Inte Mrs. Hanmer ... 550 By a grant from parliament in aid of the expenses of the Society in the North American Colonies • - 5730 .£11,620 2 3 PAYMENTS. To salaries and gratuities to missionaries, catechists, and school-masters, and exhibitions to scholars, at the col- lege in Nova Scotia .-..-- 8902 16 4 To officei-s' salaries ---.... 461 00 To books sent abroad -.-..-. 138 14 To the purchase of .1^358. 74. 3(2. 3 per cent, consolidatet' annuities -..-•-.. 500 To printing and dispersing the anniversary sermon, sta. tionery, postage of letters, law charges, the rent of a room for the society's meetings, and other incidental expenses ........ 298 11 II To balance in the treasurer's hands - - - - 1319100 .£11,620 2 9 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HALIFAX DIOCESAN COMMITTEE or THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGI^ FOR 1815. The Halifax Diocesan Committee of the Society for Promoting Chris. tian Knowledge have much satisfaction in offering the following Report o^ proceedings in the year 1815. A most satisfactory correspondence has been continued with the parent Society, and every kind assistance and encouragement hits been afforded by tiiat venerable body. They have informed the Halifax Committee of arrangements lately niadn with their booksellers, which will enable them to reduce even the low price* at which their books hav« liitherto been suppiiedi CiS \i \\.\ I A \ D IOC F,S \ V U P. PO n T Tlif y h.ivo .iIf>o mon'.ionfd llir adinisHitiii iiitci the S(Mipty of many mdm* lw?rs of till* foiitpn trfaimpcl rliiirrlu's; ospwially at the Cap*' of Good Hopo. the Maiiritiii'i, and St. McliMin. For the particular benefit of thm- pl?cp«, and o( several settloinents in thin clloci*se, the Soi-iety have places. With a view of placing the nutnerom DiocTsan and District Committer on a nniforni system, the Society have drawn np a neries of papem, con- taining usef"! regnlatit? sai:'l instructions, which have been duly forwardet" ♦o thi< plat <(. Hydesir. of il'e Hi^^ht Revrrcml the Tiishopof the niocr<(e, inrormaoon iia been comnnin.iatrd to the Committee, of the arrival of the Hev. Mr. Milne, at Halifax, a* one of the misNionarieR from the Society for Pmpagatiop of il fJo^pel, upecially (inalified to introduce the Madrai Sy. ifin i,i Education ii.'o tiiis tlioc«'»r. The (lomniittee, conRiflrring that the education of children in sound prinriplcR oi' n>li(;ion, lias ever lMn.-n a prominent object of the parent Society, who have been very instrumental to the extensive adoption of this afliiiirabic vyslein in F.ngland; and being very desirous to extend the peculiar advantiigcs it posHcssex, throughout tiicse colonies, have resolved 10 recoininend and nicoiir.igu its adoption, to the full extent of thei'; means. In pursuance of this resolution, they have agreed to supply »U icIiooIh, which niny introduce it, with the necessary books, at the reduce < prices of the Society ; and gratuitously, where it may be required. "^I'liry liav«' al-o resolve*! to alleiiipt the establishment of a paroi.i.:a^ •choot, at Iliilifax, to Ih; conducted entirely according to the M&Jrai) system, under tiuir siip*-rintciidance and protection, and have appr- ted 11 Comniittre to c:arry this nvasure into ellbct, with the approbation > -;i ; churchwardens of St. Paul's. While tlic *-'oininiltc-e offer their grateful acknowledgments to all tht Menibers, for their zealous regard to the objects of the ijociety, they have only to add their respectful recommendation for contintied perst^verance ill their good endeavours. An ample supply of very interesting books is now within their reach, for the best religious and moral instruction of their children, their servants, and their |)oorcr neighbours. They wiH reatlily consider it a duty to avail themselves of such important advan- tages, by providing for the instruction of their own families, and of alt within their influence; and will assist the eflect of such instruction, by personal superintendancc and tlirection. The sphere of their useful exertions may thus be gradually, but powerfully extended, and numbers may be added to the Society, by their recommendation, by the influ- ence of their example, and by the valuable elFect of their attention and labour. The Committee feel i it their tfianks arc especially due, for the exer- tions in bfdialf of tiie Society, which have been made by a very large pro- jjortion of the clergy in the diocese ; and confulentiy hope for a continu- ance of these valuable exertions, as they look for success only through the blessini^ of divine Providence upon the permanent and unlired continuancn of the zeal and attention of the Members. 'I'he Committee respectfully recommend that a union with the Society should be made parochial, wlieii- ever it may be possible; for experience has shown that the objects of the Society are most successfully advanced, and always form a very happy bond of parochial usefulness, union, and aflection, whenever they arr TO n AM FAX I>100I«• l>m of' thf rlMinrh, who h^vo not yrt joinni ihc S«HiHy ; ttnil r«|«Tinll> thr»-l«-g\, \vlM>t(* awiMnniT anci iliiv\iion. Ihry ion!«itln' <>f prlntury im< I^^M^amv. Nortnp n«^^i to wUhholil hi« Mipport tV««n rtppvrhfM'^ioh that U« inrtni'nro will Ix* «)nini|H>\iAnl ; llu* o>nn I>f wit lu)Ht n^H^il firiit. An union with tin* Smlrly wtn t'*ft»i«1y innt»«!l*>*iiv «1s<^ to inijwnv th«HO n^i^rtni. The i.'ommiltf« luvo livoly plf«Mnv in ilalinR l!«l tl^w \% no waul of *«lcqn«lo i^u>*nrajrM»'*nf f'^r '•'« gwtrrtl «-o-«»|M'ration which tln\v no\M{, IvxTn in the infamy of thoir iMii<«\-\wn^, ihr ronin»Htr<' havi- hmt «H Mmrrtoi thrir nltinwtv luMM'lit, in tho voiy rnoxMnaginn «nrvr« wMili has aliT«tly aU«^do»l thnn. And (hi«y aiv inoM «atWi>« torlly ))tnuail«(lt thai a \iniv»n with the SoiuHy tor Trowotinn ClniMiiin knowliMlgr, nndrr thv hIeiiMng of (»v»l, alKmU grenf ami viiv in^|h>rtant fmilitii;'* lor rn- twnraging ant! inciraMnft the int)uen«-e ol stotlfa^l loyalty » M>nn«l ChriMintt inorals, and pntv ami \ni«lHilrtl wligion. Iht y have tho t-omfort to [w tin%\\yri\ timl Ihrir en»lenv»nn«, (\\»}\ the l>ejlinning, have irceivetl not only th«* Kiiiution, Init \\w ntost conlial ap« probation and Mip|wrt of the right revoriMnl the Hinhop of tin* ilnnnp. They have also the MtiM'artion to observe, that expi1ii>nn, nin»ilar to their humWe etVirts, haw been warmly ttnonnnendetl by wveral ltlsho|>« In th* parent Vinp,^K>ni, in their solemn charges to their elergv. Nor «an they withhold an aiknowledgn^enl of the gratifying enttni- rap'mcnt ihcy derived fmm ihr very flattering manner in which thr'ir iintl *mlea\-o«rs haxe l)«en notiivd by the paivnl Society, in the following |>M> sage of the Annual Ueport ftn- UtU: " In the abox-e list, it will beolwerveil, we comprise a l)i«)ce»an C'oh«« miltee tiwthe Isle of Man, and another (with several subonlinate district committees) for lli(lifa\, in Nova Scotia. " In ronnevkw x«ith the latter a still wixler field is openetl for rantein* platton ; and moi>e abundant cause administered for thunkfulneHii and joy. It is remarkable, that at the moment when the Society, on mrasion of th« «p|K>intnient of the lx>vA Uishop of Calcutta, were funt venturing to exptt?Rii the wishes which they had long cherished, that a great institution might arise in the east, embracing in friendly combination, the several grand tJe« Kign^ carried on by this Society, in the promotion of Christian knowle«i)(e, a like cstablithmenl was taking place in the west, under the spnrial |M- tronage of the highest constitnteti authorities in church and state then?; and which, it is niniir DLVcVti. i)n\vr^. Uouai. H 41.1 PAX IMOCKNAN ilhh)Hr. 71 |Mrli) ill lltiineilln(e rt'oiiil Mf|)*M(, with [Mt »'nu»'*t (Iciirertir a MMiDinmiici* ofdi* plUVfMI U< nil jliottl I))*!)!')!!!!, tlllll till* lllt^'ltlK of ll«>IIV>>ll tll)r VnnHftHtiK (hti$Um k'muMffe, who htm Jitinril llii- /fiil{fii» IHmrinn Commmrf, \\w\r X\\9 |1M> xprtMR might iftl |Nt- thpre; rtlicn. i\irtli«r laryr©' foreign. Alftinn.W.I l<,«|. M.I). llolirM. AI|>oil, Mr. Iiimr), do. Aiulr«>url'''.toii,do, loKH*t 'i'ltoitiH*. l<;Ht|. llHldi <«. Iiown, Mr. ,Smi»n'l, i, •. iolninii, John, Kiti. I,tiiienl)ur|<. »lmk, Wilt. I'.M|. Hl.lolinS N. IV lliitiklik, llrmy, l'>t|. Aylt"(foid. Hiniify, Mr. Illldiprt, tlnliritn. Hotnloid. W. I'^ij. Shi kville, N. H. UII»i|J. M(irniy.Km|. IVcdi'iittloii.dn. lilrnie, \. \''.m\. INiiiif Kdw. iHlaiitl. Iticitnivr, J. l'M\. SI. .lolihN, N. I). niu(<'<'d,Mr. T.oHi. KiittiKoni-lic, du. HiiMe«Hl, Mr. I', jiiii. do. IkMw, WHlt«*r, l<>(). KliiK-Adniiii)llv, JlalifHx. Coclirun, Hcv, I Jr. VViHiunn, V. I', of Kliig'« Collctrf, Windsor. Cnchrnn, Win. Kmt. MmIII'uk. Cld|)iuan,liun. W.Sl. Jolin'ii, N. 11. Cuinpiidl, W. Khi|. Mayor of cIo. Cliiiloni-r. Jolin^ Ksq. do. C«*ln*.'r, Jnnu'ii, Kvi. do. l%wllii), l.t. JanH'H, ll. K. do, C'rdlCKHlmbk*, M. W. I''>tt|. do. CnwplM'll, .1. l'>n. St, AndrewN, do. C*bell|;Coliii, yM\s do. Crawley, iloii. T. (..app Iti'L'lon. (aiilin, J. I''i^|. I'riiice lulw. hlaiid. <,'«nd>riilgf, Aili'inu'*, tnii. do. nk.vn. r».-cc)i. w, R. A. riaiif.iN. l>n\vn,fl,iV i'sq. t ,|o UoHat.Uon, Mr. L. St. John'*, N. U DoMiildiOM, Mr. Wlllliim, do. /liiMHiit, Mr. Willlmn, do. Diihii, Joliiit K*ti|. Hi. Aiidri'w'it, do. I>«"il»ri«uv, lU'v. r, t'riiicp Kdw, l«l. r'«' HI. t'roU. h. I'>«i. do. I>iiii(iin, Mi. oi'ii. IIIMIeoiirli<>,N.li I' old, Mr. Kohfif, llMllfHU. I'Vrlnli, II. (>. I<;«(|. VHritiiHidi. I'arriiiRlon, Mujor ll«'iiry, Uojtd Ailill.'iy, M, Joliii'i, N. Ik I'loyd, Mr. David. Clieotfr. I'lfinliiK, Ml. W.llMiKoni.'lii', N. I). I'VrgiiKoii, MoliPfl, l<>(|. do. Koinhm-r, Andrew, Vmi\. Ui-imhfg. (;rav, M«'v. II, (}. Nackvlllc, N.». (^r>«liani. l.it, Mr. riioinan, do, I1oI;miii, Mr. IC. J. du. Ila/.i'ii, W. I'^i. St. JoImi's N. U. llallcM, W. II. Ksi|. Kredcrirloii, do. llalili.Col C. Ht. Andrews, Au. HnU'li, liiiiriii, l''.iK>i»iv. H.»li)'rt\ ,'«»(>•*. f-dwrtnl, l'>«|. l.«in»M>l»iiin J.irvi% Mr. H^ilpli, M. l)niHHt, \N illuim, ^'m\. At- ^>ii«'V-n»nli !l<>i». t». SI. .M»n'», do. Mt|. IV^v I'om. Ct«». Ilftlifrtx. Nhhuly, Mr. Jt»hM» ilo. Mill«', Mn Jrtn>li, tIo. -MillfT, Mr. (t«mHt, «I b"JviK»r«»rtlil,1). Km^ si, Aw«Iitw*h,«Io> KUrkav, Miigli, I'.mi. ilo. M.ii», Iv .'. Kxij. KUiKiHH'lte, \\o. W*W\i!l\\\, Ml. .M»'\muW, »lo. 'Mivhr>Ati, l)ai)i«>|, Km). Kii)g«h>tt,«lo. Nov* Svotift, H». Ui'v.rtml Hon, Ch«rl« Ui>l\op »»f Nichols Lt.-Col. l»«^ . Ntvtiliam, Mr. M . Ki^vloridon.N. H. Odoll, lloi). JoiLUllJUtt lio. 1>»MI, \V. I'Viinkiin, \'m[. .Io. <>»lHMno/r. \m\. Si. John, ilo. !\Ml<*r, Krv. CIi;»iI»n<» rit»>itl(»i»l of KingN l\>llotf»», WiMtlsor. rorkint, Hev. I. vrti*, Aonauolin, )*>ko, J«>iui (tt\»i-KO, Km(. llalilax. l*tyiM-, Mr, bMwanI, «lo. rUitoMi, Uov. H. KnlosiaxUral C\>'mnissai\ . M. JoImN, N. U. raik***, KoUmI. K^q, do, r.ul.l.H k. A. Isq. SI. Jolin'8. N. U. r.ig.in, \V. K*«|. do. r . K>»i. IViiiv i' K«l\v. Island. rowill.-J. Kmi. Uu-liilHJcio, N. H. IViiiiur, J, l\, VM\. Prince l^dw. Isl. Picked, 1). l>q. Kingston, N. B. ( jMitlH'thindt .s|i«'|lHirni-» I) llalirrt>. I.iini nitnii SI do. N l( INndv, llpitrv, liiti. Itmiiitd. H<\. I. II. UovOiiitil, I) I'N.i M Hndolt, I'V.ini U, l>m|. l'oltiii«ii), I. |'n. iVwItlfHl olN. ntiii«\»lrli. Sn»i(h, lii^ I'.M I'lliMM y j.l (lov, ol IViiU'i- KdxMinl iHland. Mrtn^ri.Hi'v. Uohl. D.I). llAliltlx. Shii'v*', Uov. I lionia*, l.«n»rnlinii». Siovil, Win. i:»n. S).,l.)hn'«, N. II. SuMndr-iv Hon.. I. Kn'd'-ritlon, N. Hi SnniMvillr, \\v\. .Intniii, do. Sonlh, ll«HirVi Km|, do. Mnarl, J. \''.m\. IVinci' K.dw. Ulnnd. m-oil, ('. l-.i.|, Si. AndnwV, N. B. Kniith, Mr. T. St. JohitVi, di, ilo. S-ovil, lu'v. I'.liiiK, KIngMon, do. rhont|Mon. 1. I'^ij. I'hwlcr. ri\orn, Kdwaid, 1'mi\. (m an villi*. iVinnu', Hi'v I Vrdinaitil, Inlhi'iao Mfiiitlrr in Lnni'lnirtt. Tn'odi'it, Hot), r. IVIiir^ Kdw. Int. I'miii, Willitim, l<>i). I.I..I), Jndaf>ollln> .Vdniintlly, lli'riinidii* 'iWmain, Hirhard, V.m. Ilalira:*. I'niacke, lion. Hichurd Joint AUoriio) (t**!!. of Nova Srolln. Writtltl, llrv. ttcsngc, Halirav. M'wks Kt»v. V. (jtivshoivngh. >\ illiS Hov. Uobcrt. H.IM. Wright, Andrew, Km|. Ilnlifax. Wainwriglil, Mr. Cliarlpo, «|. Si. Alidivw'n, diK W iitri-K, K. Kmi. I'rini'c Kdw. Inland, \\ 11^1)1, lion, (tforgo, do, W ainlniiy, Mr. J. St. John's, N. Uv Woit.iII,O.Kmi. hincc Kdw. W. Worrall, l>>ivranl, l<>«|. do, Wrtnioix', D.n. Ksq. KingHton, N.I). Wycr, Col. T, St. Andrew*!, da • Hia TiKvlkncy Il«p I.iotilrnnnt-Qovrrnor, and t)i« Ri|tht Rcvrrcnd Ilia Risliop (>f Nttva Sooiin, wore incmbcra of lli« ivH^ictf bcfoiu tho furinalittii of the lialitiix CoiumiiUv.. , 7.*) IM,MN ANh AtT'i ni'N'ric i>o('nMi:Nrs IN JimriricAiiiiN MP nil kinum c m IN Mil'. nKIK'ClMIN MP A M'isl fMMMIIlAlil.P AMoNu iiir, Mi,/\vi-ii IN Tiir, isi/iNii or hominiia, rfi' ,« nntii ni' inn must »««r*KWf /mvo^w /■'» inn i.iini 41*11 vnin'KHvnts or inn irtin nir int*. rill'", rn||in\iiiir I )fi iiiiu'mIi i'«(liiltil sii lull niid r^iitliriil !l tl"t;r'l ' 1 'itiiiilniililc wi-i^lil, imhI it H llii'i; I lull KiMKiM iMillriiH ii,'inin'' III' will till !|H" iiiiw in |''iii',liiii«l. wlio «iil»- •.crllti'il llii» (lilltniil AililicKim In (Jdvi-riiiir Ninilir, \v»ti' iil llril vry |l('liilil 111 v:ili;lliri) Willi liiin on '^iiliir |Milili''!il (|il< ■iholH, liirt '.villi -ii»ii;il Kcrvii rs lie liiiil iTiidi'iril Ilii> Kiliiiiv, iiiiil yielding In Hi' irn'sistilili' (nn '• ol Iriilli itliiiH', viiliinli'i'icd lliiir iilliNiiiiimm in hi^ Cmimh-; nlli'4iiiJniH, llHTi-forr, lliiil caiiimllif i-jllii'i H(M|ii'i led (ir inijM k ImiI. I'lmii wIihI ;iiil,limity Mr. (till dun, Sir S. nniiiijlv, mid Mr. Smilli drrivrd ihcir iiiforiii ilidii, we nrr iiimlili' III rmijfi liiir; liiil nl lliii wi' arc nrinly fitiivini cd, l»y oiir kiiMW- Icdj^i'iiC llii> |iiiilt> iif llinic cnilli'iinii's |triii( i|p|is and rliiirmli rs, lli.il llic fllul^^•< and iiiiinialinns wiili wliii li liny aliinh-d (»iiicnil Aiii'^lic, (utild liavf iiriKinaIrd only ill I|m> iiinsl ll,i|/,r:iiit ii)i4ii'|irrsi nliilioii, and tliat ((ui- vi'itnl liy lliiMilii'i|iiivoral rviilcnrc now (liffli'd Ijii'in, l||i y will, in jiistitif liHlial uriillcmaii, H'Irai I Ihcir liiniii r ininriiai^a'iscrlioni 'd liim; llial lii'-y will rndravuin In liral llic wmmd llity liavc made in hi" ifpiitalion; and will, (in nialiMf irroiiHidtTalinn ol llic sulijoti, lioiii luiiii^ his artii^-rs, b<:* rnino liisi udviK'iili'editions undertaken here against the revolted and runaway-negroes, and to report the same to the House : Do hereby report, that they have perceived with astonishment, that the subject appears to have been entirely mi$underst(K)d in England ; and that some of the Gentlemen, who are reported to have taken part in the debate, ap- pear to be entirely ignorant of the constitution and laws of a West India colony. It is well known to tlx; House, that by a long course of impolitic and unfortunate neglect, the woods of this island had not been ranged for nearly fifteen years before, and that the late expeditions were not under- taken until the revolted-negroes, no longer contented with simple impunity, had begun to coininit active dvpradalions upon the peaceable plantations, when prompt and vigorous measures became absolutely necessary upon the principles of self preservation, to prevent the total ruin of the colony. Governor Ainslie, before the expeditions were undcilaken, offered by hiit proclamations a free pardon to all runaway-negroes, (murderers alone ex- cepted,) who should surrender tliemselves within a certain time, and the House full well remember that the messengers who carried these offers of peace, were murdered by the runaways, alter a mock trial, by what they called a council of war ; after which their hearts were torn out, dried in the smoke of their fires, and exhibited at the entrunc? of their camps ; as Ti'as detailed in evidence upon the trial of the chicf» who ordered the exe> 76 JUSTiriCATION OP cution. Here was active warfare begun by the runaways themselves, and not by the Governor — ant) even after this the Ranger Corps was constantly instructed by Ills Excellency to take as many prisoners as possible, but to kill none, unless in self-defence, where the runaways attempted to defend themselves vi et urmis. The extraordinary assertions of Sir Samuel Ro- milly, which seem to have passed uncontradi'ted in the House of Com- mons, are well known to the House to be totally false. I liat learned gentle- man maintained that more than seven hundred of me runaways had been re- duced to slavery, and that the expeditions themselves were undertaken with a view of obtaining slaves by capture, since they could no longer be obtained by importation. Whereas the whole body of the runaways was composed of slaves who had fled from their owners ; there was not a free person among them, except two deserters from His Majesty's regular troops, who were de- lived up to their respecli\e regiments, and afterwards shot as deserters, by the sentence of a General Court Martial. Your Committee beg leave to remind the House that a regular census of all the inhabitants is annually taken in this Island, and that every proprietor of slaves is obliged to de- liver in a rorrect liht upon oath, of all his slaves, their number, and their names, and thai in sucii list the number of all his runaway-slaves (if any,) must be distinctly noted, their names, their ages, their country, and thu time that tliey have been absent; by means of whirh ceiwii-- the right of proprietorship to each runaway-slave can, in most cases, be distinctly traced and ascertained. Tlie assertions of Sir Samuel Romilly are not only not true, but not possible; since no person of free birth, and no slave regularly and legally emancipated, can ever be reduced again to slavery for any oticnce whatever, freedom being an indelible right of which, by the law of the colony, no man can ever be deprived. Your Committee arc at a loss to conceive upoi; what principle of the law of England, Mr. Gordon founde;! his extraordinary assertion, that many of the run- away-slaves in this island might by prescription be considered as free people. It appears to your Committee, that the law of England acknowledges no such prescription. If a man accept of His Majesty's bounty, enlist in one of his Majesty's regiments, and afterwards desert, he would never be al- lowed to plead prescription, or length of absence in his defence — such a plea would be considered as adding contumacy to guilt. The law of England is in all cases the saii'.e. A n)an is liable to be tried for the commission of a felony more than an age after the offunce, and is moreover subject to all the risks attending the delay. All the wit- nesses who might have appeared in his defence, may bo dead at the time of tiie trial, yet the absence o'" those witnesses cannot be pleaded in Members of the Committee, R. H. NIGHTINGALE, J Mr. Court moved, seconded by Mr. Lowndes, that tire Report be con- iirmeJ. Agreed to unanimously. Mr. Andrew Keay moved, seconded by Mr. Lowndes, That an extract of the Minutes of this day, with tlie Ke|x>rt of the Committee relative to tiie mis-statements made in tlie House of Commons, concerning the ad- ministration of Governor Ainslse, be printed in the Roseau Gazette, and tliat the Speaker be directed to sign and transmit a copy of the same to the Higiit Honourable Earl Bathurst, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of .State for the Colonics. — Agreed to unanimously. WM. ANDERSON, Speaker. £A true extract.] E. H. BEECH, Clerk of Assembly. Dominica, August 18, 1815. My Ijonn, — In compliance with the directions of the Honourable the House of Assembly of this Island, I have now, with the greatest personal satisfaction, the honour to hand to you a Copy of a Report of a Committee of that House, appointed by ballot, on the 15th instant, unanimously con- firmed, relating to the mis-statements that have taken place i i ihe House of Commons, with respect to the administration of Governor Ainslie in this Island. This, with the Report, is transmitted through the hands of Governor Ainslie, whose speedy return to his Government, I, in conjunction with a large majority of this community, anticipate with pleasure. I have the honour, &c. WM. ANDERSON, Speaker. To the Right Honourable Earl Bathurst, &c. &c. Dominica. W'v., the Inhabitants, I'ianters, and Merchants of the Island of Dorni- nica, rcspiclivtly beg leave to convey to your l.ordi,hip our expressions of sincere regret, that alter the clear and ample testimony we bore to the me- ii'..;rk)us services rendered to this colony by Major-Gcncral Ainslie, in his 78 JUSTIFICATION OF extinction of a most furmidable rebellior among the Maroons, a copy ot which testimony is hereto annexed, and that document reinforced by two others to tiie same elFcct, from the two branches of the Legislature, should not have proved satisfactory, and precluded as unnecessary any further in({uiry into his conduct on that occasion ; a conduct which has justly ginned iiim th» a(Tt-ctions and gratitude of every cla:>s of this community, which ills well-timed and vigorous exertions rescued from the brink of ruin, and from tiie revival of those horrid scenes of 1785, when numerous estates were set on fire, and totally destroyed, and their owners massacred. Kor is tiiere any thing iille nor fanciful in this idea; for it has been lately proved, on the most incontrovertible evidence, that many valuable livet had been dennuni ed, and would have been sacrificed by tiiose desperate assassins, but for the very critical frustration of their ulent and mutinous slaves, who had before betrayed a disposition to revolt, and threatened to join the Maroons. We ilow enjoy blessings to which we had long been strangers, security, confi* dence, and repose, the fruits of your Excellency's vigilance and exertions ; in which we arc persuaded you Were influenced by no other view than that of promoting the tranquillity and welfare of the Colony over which you preside. It is with regret we learn Your Excellency's intended departure^ particu* Jarly when we contemplate the possible consequences of your leaving ihe Colony at this critical juncture ; and, our most earnest desire is, that Your Excellency could be induced to remain among us until such t-ir>r as the object so nearly brought to a termination, shall be Anally ac >ni U;rhed. Should you, however. Sir, have reasons for deciding otherwise, v^n event we shall deeply regret,) accept our best wishes for Your ICxcellcnoy's speedy return to your Government. Signed by H. C. C. NEWMAN, Sector of the Parish of St. George, Chairman* And one hundred and sixty-two Planters, Merchants, and Inhabitants. Roseau, June 18^ 1814. le To the Rigid Honourable Earl Ratlmrst, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, Sfc. We the Coloured Inhabitants of the town of Roseau, island of Dominica, having heard that General Ainslie is represented in England as our op- pressor, Humbly beg leave to inform your lordship, that during his administra- tion here, we had not any cause to cump'ain of him, less so than of any former Governor, and must impartially avouch that he neitiier was oppres- sive nor injurious to us; therefore, in a strict sense of honour, do unani- mously assert he has been falsely accused. We most gratefully express our thanks to General Ainslie for the vi- gorous measures he adopted to suppress the runaway-slaves, as our lives and properties were in imminent danger ; and purlicularly that of appoint- ing one or more Commissioners in the different parishes to receive the Vol. II. No, 3, M 8^ JUSTIFICATION OF grievances of tlie Slaves, and to alleviate as tnucli as possible, the state 0/ ♦hose in the employ of their Owners. We conclude with our good wishes to Governor Ainslie, hoping ills afl'airs may meet a speedy terniinatiun, and that his return to this Govern* nient may not be protracted. We have tiie honour to be, &c. (Signed). Pascal Laudar, Aime Blondel, Wn>. Cubbin, Thomas Vings, John Vings, Michael Boland, F. l-'ontaine, Ktcr Finn, J. Firet, L. Urbain, J. n. Belotte, tt. Girandel, Noel l'Al>be, A. Kloriel, George Galon, E. Eynard, Laurent Poulaint, J. B. Tlioro, P. Dubuison, J. B. Andr^, Jo- seph Andre, S. Lawny, Edward Seignoret, Severin, J. B. Maximin, J. L. Lazaranne, Noel Dejean, J. B. Asser, J. B. Riviere, Charles Mels, A. Gerote, Uigi Baugo, A. Renolds, B. Sergenton, B. Darroux, Peter Giroux, Ceril Jolly, Benjamin Dyer, James Rastock, F. Ccrille, J. Domi- Mique, L. Moulque, Botil. To the Right Honourable Earl Bathtirst, His Mqjesttja Principal Secrc' tary oj State for the Colonies, fyc. We the Free People of Colour, Planters of the Island of Dominica, most humbly beg leave to express to Your Jjurdship, as an act of strict justice to our best friend Major-General Ainslie, tlic concern we feel, to leurn the injurious prejudices which are entertained, and misrepresentations which have been circulated, of him at home, as an oppressor of us, and as hostilt to our order, than which ? greater calunmy was never uttered or invented, as he has invariably treated us with the greatest consideration, has alwaytt been ready to listen to our complaints, and to redress our grievances, and made us the objects of his peculiar care, in proof of which, among various others, that he h<'u our welfare and interests at heaii, and not less those of tie slave population, he has appointed gentlemen of the fii-st respectability .ti every parish of the Island, as Commissioners, to hear complaints, and to ivV'ort all instances of oppression, cruelty, or ill usage, that th*'y may comt to the knowledge of; a plan perfectly original and unprecedented, calcu* lated to check and keep in awe tlie ill-disposed, and to produce the nioit beneficial etlecis. For these and many other reasons, we cannot resist the impulse that actuates us to repel the unwanantable atteinpts that have been made t(^ prejudice our Governor in the eyes of the British nation, by depicting him as an enemy to the coloured classes of the community, of which not one kolitary instance can be adduced, and for the same reuaoiu we cheerfullr reecho our former testimony of our unanimous approbation of the genera! administration of his Government, and of his considerate attention in par* ticular to us, and to our order. Accordingly it is our ardent wish and prayer, that he may be speedily restored to us. (Signed). F. Bellemy, F. Bouganenon, J. Blullian, Benne Claud, A, Dubue, J. Carellis, J. P. Pichaud, M. Chavaroche, S. P. Bcrseger, G. Jklenier, E. I^inbert, C. Fanconier, L. J. Dubuc, Jacques I.uce, J. P. Pactjuet, J. B. Meirjiiis, H. Vacher, L. J^coiuta, J. B. LecoinlB, P. L«»* ^ar, fils, J Ait-xande B. lloyer, Uoux, J. I Cenecour, Charles Ps Taroche, J, Gallia, .S. Fournette, CertiflT, F. Paville, D. Le B. Fen Douglas, 1' ill. Roucr, Barron, T. Gisse, P. J Lauh Titrc; Dominici His Excelled and riie Gove Highness th Bathurst, Se Europe, to against the Goveemte His Honou) The Boart sage of yest may be juc against the should have necessary tu Europe for tl When the months ago, •dors of par nued rapidly followed up I total subversi highly endan sitlpp that tile; the prompt Hdopted, to si COVEIlNOll AINSLIE. 8.*i ^ar, fils, J. F. Roudct, \Vm. ''.'oiill)}', \\. Fermin, A. Foiintra, Louis Royer, Alexander Deputy, George Royer, P. Littant, George Royer, G. Scipion, tt. lloyer, Tlionias Champ, B. Royer, Louis Royer, George Royer, B. ttoux, J. B. Liltant, R. Uessabaye, B. Dubois, M. Dubois, V. Royer, L. Cenecour, P. Gacket, E. Tuvernier, K. Laudat, C. L. Titre, J. M. Lafiel, Charles Pacquet, Robert Devie, F. Belott, K. Morise, P. Laudar, P. Clia- raroche, J. P. Hoinains, S. Paxrian, J. B. Dubuc, F. Ravariere, Leonard Gallia, S. Fournette, St. Mark Royer, Joseph Marie, Pierre Loyer J. B. Fournette, sen. J. B. Fournette, Henii Fournette, St. George Codoce , C. Certiflf, F. Fournette, Henry I^tail, J. B. Royer, St. Andre ParvUte, Paville, D. L. I^ville, Pavilie, jun. A. G. Laville, D. Le Blanc, D. Le B. Fcrant, J. B. Houx, M. S. L;ivillc, Thomas Leslie, M. Chopin, G. Douglas, P. Pompone, A. Fontaine, L. Floraiit, D. Stewart, C. Lc Slaitre, M. Roucr, J. C. Serrant, L. Dubuui, N. Dubuc(|, George Dubucq, C. Barron, T. Anselme, Casimir Barron, E. Pac lined rapidly to increase, but their previous depredations and outrages were followed U)) even by assassination, events which not only threatened the total subversion of order and discipline among the slave population, but highly endangered the lives of the White Inhabitants. The Board con- sit^ that tiiey have great reason to return thanks to Your Excellency for the prompt and eflicient measures which, when clemency failed, yott iidopted, to suppress aad bring to their duty such hordes of iawlcw baaUittA ; ... ^ '.yl f^^illl 84 JUSTIFICATION OF' 'I'lje exertions of tlie parties of militia ordered on service, and the Colony Rangers uiidfr Your Excelli-ncy's able directions, tlit Board consider aa highly common labli', jis they have been in an eminent degree successful, and tlje Board canruit but lament, that Your Exeellency's departure will nut permit you to bring this warfare to a Anal and favourable conclusion. 4KCHD OLOSTER, Preiident. Council Chamber, 22d June, 1814. His Honour the Speaker and Home of Assembly. To His Excellency the Cominander'in-Chi^'. The House have to acknowledge the receipt of Your Excellency's m«*r sage of yesterday, communicating to us the pleasure of His Royal High- ness the Prince Regent, to have some e.\planation from yourself in person, relative to the operations carrying on against the Maroons. 'i'ije Mouse cannot view without extreme regret, that the wise and salu- tary measures adopted by Your Excellency, in a service of, such vital importance to ti)e safety and welfare of the Colony, should have been as far misconceived in the mother country as to reader such explanation necessary, J lie state of alarm of this Colony when Your Excellency enr leied on the command, from the increasing numbers and audacity of tlioie lawless banditti, not only fully justified, but imjieriously called for the most vigorous.measures to suppress them. Regardless pf the repeated olfers of pardon held out to them in your several proclamations to that effect, these misguided people uot only spurned at your others, but interpreting theni as a proof of their weakness and inability to carry on ojfensive operations against them, actually became more and iror^ turbulent and enterprtsiug. Resides various predatory excursions on the plantations, and the most auda- cious threats, have they not imbrued their hands in the blood of 4 defenceless white Inhabitant of this Island, and one of His Majesty's regu- lar soldiers, apd mangled the bodies of their unfortunate victims? Have liiey not murdered the bearers of Your Excellency's proclamations inviting them to submission, and otlering forgiveness for past nft'ences, the har- bingers of peace respected by the most barbarous tribes ii It would be superfluous to enumerate the various excesses of these unr principled vagabonds, vvhose daring conduct would have justified the severest retribution. In no instance however have their crimes been visit* ed by severer punishment than what is daily inflicted in the mother coun- try, for offences far less dangerous to the peace and security of society. We trust; therefore that when His Majesty's Government are correctly informed of the magnitude of the danger that threatened the colony, an4 ii-pm which we have escaped through the wise and vigorous measures pur- sued by your Excellericy lor the suppression of the Maroons, your conduct . pu this occasion will appear fully justified by e.\i<>ting circumstances. ■ ' ^ JOHN GORDON, Speaker.. House of Asseivibly, June 22, 1814. Government- GOYEIlNOll AiNSLIfi. 85 Exttact (If ^11 Addreu from Hit Excellency the Governor to the New Haute qf Jttembiy. Mr. Spbakeu and Gentlemen, I have directed Returns of Casualties since the commencement of the Maroon war, to be laid before you, and I earnestly recommend a certain provision to be made for tiiose men who have been maimed in freeing the country from bands who carried desolation and terror, wherever they appeared. I congratulate the House on the return to their masters and liabits of iiiduHtry of so many Maroons, the interior (of which not long since they had entire possession) being almost free from those sanguinary niarauders. The supreme head, as well as the principal chiefs, have been killed with arms in tlieir hands, and the colony enjoys a security which it has not known for a long series of years; — ^Justice has been ap- peased by the sacrifice of 8 or 10 lives at the place of execution, a neces- sity alwuy« to be deplored, but in this instance unavoidable, when we consider, that this daring banditti was so formidable at the commence- ment of the year, us to cause the senior Member of His Majesty's Council to seek refuge in town with his family, and a party of regular troops to protect his property, although only half a mile distant. It is still freih in the recollection of every petson, that a short time previous to my assuming the government, a body of 20 armed Maroons entered this town the capital of the island, and after robbing a house in one of the principal streets, to the amount of six hundred dollars in provisions, &c. &c. re* tired unmolested-x^exaniple was necessary to prevent a rocurrence of these scenes. GEO. R. AINSLIE, Governor. Government-House, October 14, 1814. I^tractfrom the Reply of the AtsenMy, to Hit Excellency George Robert Aintlie, Governor and Commander-in-Chirf, 4rc. ifc. May it please Your Excellency. We are perfectly persuaded that the examples made by Your Excel* lency were unavoidable— that the promptness with which they were made had the desired effect of saving many valuable lives, and that thereon ultimately depended the vital existence of the colony. We iihall duly attend to Your Excellency's recommendation to provide for the public revenue, and the keeping up the Ranger Corps, of whose service this House is duly sensible ; tmsting that a reduction in that corps will take place, when the nature of the circumstances will permit: it being the wish of the House to give perfect efficiency to your Excellency's tneasures, and entertaining a perfect confidence that you will be the first to announce the time when a reduction in that corps may take place. WM. ANDERSON, Speaker. Jlouse of Assembly, October 10, 1814, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 l^|2£ 115 m m 1.1 f."^ 1^ 1.6 IL25 i 1.4 -^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAiN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (716)872-4303 ^^>^ vv ^4^ V h6 jruSTIFICATION Ol' Extract of a Message from His Excellency the Governor, to His Honour the President and Council. The Governor thinks it right to inform His Honour the President and the Honourable Board of Council, that he intends returning to England, and shall embark on the 8th November for that purpose. The object of his going, is to give furtlier explanation on the subject of the Maroons, than can be conveyed in a despatch. GEO. R. AINSLIE, Governor. Government-House, Oct. 24, 1814.* Extract of an Address from His Honour the President and Council, to His Excellency the Governor, and Commander-in-Chief. The Board learn with regret. Your Excellency's intention of so soon reaving the Colony, but as the object of Your Excellency's visit to Eng- land is merely to give further exphuiation to His Majesty's Ministers respecting the Maroons in this Colony, they are pleased to find that your Excellency's absence is likely to be of so short duration. AIK;HD. GLOSTER, President. Council Chamber, October 25, 1814. Extract from the Message of His Honour the Speaker and House of As- sembly, to His Excellency the Governor and Commander-in-Chief, The House have received with regret the notification of Your Excel- lency's so speedy intended departure, as tliey could have hoped that the object whicii Your Excellency's prompt, energetic, and judicious mea- sures have so nearly brought to a final termination (the Maroon war) had l»«en previously completely accomplished ; yet when they reflect that the existence of this dangerous intestine evil is now nearly extinct, and that it is what forms the subject for which Your Excellency's presence is re- quired in England, they cannot refrain from expressing the high sense they entertain, and shall ever continue to entertain of the eminent service^ Your Excellency has rendered to this Colony, by restoring that quiet and security which may be justly said to have been lately in such immineut danger. The House trust. Sir, that His Majesty's Ministers will contemplate Your Excellency's conduct through the arduous pursuit of this ferocious banditti in the same point of view as they do, and anticipate in the British Cabinet the most flattering testimony of the approbation of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent. WM. ANDERSON, Spcak«r. House of Assembly, Oct. 28, 1814. * The Sams t« (be Honsc of Assrmblj;. OOVEUNOll AINSLIE* S7 J7j» Honour the President and Council, and the Speaker and House oT Assembly, to His Excellency the Governor in Chief. '*^ The Board and House having come to the following resolution : — " Rtsolved. — ^That the highly important services rendered to thi» Colony, by the prompt and vigorous measures adopted by His Excellency Governor Ainsiie, in subduing so large a number of Maroons, demand our warmest gratitude, and that in consequence, he be requested to accept of two hundred guineas, for the purpose of purchasing a sword, as a mark of their approbation of his conduct in the Maroon war, regretting at the same time that the state of the colonial funds will not enable them to be mor« liberal in their grant, request Your Excellency's assent thereto, and that you will be pleased to issue your warrant to tlie treasurer for the payment thereof." ARCHD. GLOSTER, President Council Chamber, Nov. 17, 1814. WM. ANDERSON, Speakor. liouse of Assembly, Nov. 17, 1814. His Honour the President and Council, and the Speaker and Genllemeit, of the House of Assembly, to His Excellency the Governor and Com*- mander'in-Chief. Tiie Board and House inform Your Excellency that they have adopted, tlie following as an inscription on the sword : — " TO His EXCELLF.NCV MAJOR CENERAfc AINSLIE, GOVERNOR OP DOMINICA, &C. &C. &C. This sword is presented by the two branches of the legislature, in testimony of his meritorious conduct in the reduction of the Maroons, in the year 1814." ARCHD. GLOSTER, President Council Chamber, Nov. 18, 1814. WM. ANDERSON, Speaker. i-Ioute of Assembly, Nov. 18, 1814. Address from the Free Coloured Inftabitants to Governor Ainsiie. We, His Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, the inhabitants of colour of this Island, having heard of Your Excellency's premature departure, beg leave to offer our sincere acknowledgments and grateful thanks for Your Excellency's timely and judicious measures taken in suppressing the late rebellion among the runaway-slaves of this Island, and we say, in almost extirpating them from the woods where they so long inhabited, and which rendered our lives and properties in perpetual danger, until the wise steps adopted by Your Excellency had restored peace and tranquillity to every individual in this community ; under these circumstances we cannot but regret Your Excellency's departure, and we sincerely hope that Your ^iiMiV^CiiS»a3E4i-.. Al^X-'sml.-i.t.M .J(H m COLONtAt COLt^ECTtdS'Si Excellency's absence will not be of a long duration, as we feel in refltcting that all Your Excellency's exertions have teen for the well being, good policy, and welfare of this Colony. We therefore offer our most fervent prayers and cordial wishes for Yout Excellency's safe arrival in England, and a speedy return to your government. Signed by WM. ROSSINGTON, and 1 62 free people of coloun Roseau, June 21, 1814. COLONIAL COLLECTIONS. No. IV. HlTDSON»S BAY COMPANY. A Copy of the Royal Charter, /or Incorporating the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, granted by His Majesty King Charles the Second, in the Ttventy- Second Year of his Reign, A. D. 1670. Chakles the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. to all to whom these pre- sents shall come, greeting: Whereas our dear and entirely beloved cousin. Prince Rupert, Count PaLitine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria and Cum- berland, &c. Christopher, Duke of Albemarle, William, Earl of Craven < Henry, Lord Arlington, Anthony, I^ord Ashley, Sir John Robinson, and Sir Robert Vyner, Knights and Baronets, Sir Peter Colleton, Baronet, Sir Edward Hungerford, Knight of the Bath, Sir Paul Neele, Knight, Sir John GrifBth, and Sir Philip Carteret, Knights, James Hayes, Johti Kirke, Francis Millington, William Prettyman, John Fenn, Esquires, and John Portman, Citizen and Goldsmith of London, have, at their own great cost and charges, undertaken an expedition for Hudson's Bay, in the noi\.\\-v:est part of America, for the discovery of a new passage into the South Sea, and for the finding some trade for furs, minerals, and other considerable commo^ dities, and by such their undertaking, have already made such discoveries as do encourage them to proceed further in pursuance of their said design, by means whereof there may probably arise very great advantage to Us and Our Kingdom. And whereas the said undertakers, for their further encourage- ment in the said design, have humbly besought Us to incorporate them, and grant unto them and their successors, the sole trade and commerce of all those seas, strcights, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks, and sounds, in whatsoever COLON' I At. COLLECTIONS. 89 latiUulc they shall be, that lie within the entrance of the streights, com* nionly called Hudson's Slrcights, together with all the lands, countries and territories, upon the coasts and confines of tlie seas, streights, bays, lakes^ rivers, creeifs and sounds aforesaid, which arc not no\v actually jwssessed by any of our subjects, or by the subjects of any other Christian Prince or State. Now know ye, that We being desirous to promote ail endeavours tending to the public good of Our people, and to encourage the said under* taking, have, of Our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, dy give, grant, ratify and confirm unto Our said cousin Prince Rupert, &c. by the name of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, and them by the name of (he Governor and Company of Adventurers of Kngiand, trading into Hudson's Bay, one body corporatt? and politique, in deed and in name, really and fully for ever, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do make, ordain, constitute, establish, confirm and declare, by these presents, and that by the same name of Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, they shall iiave perpetual succession, and that they and their successors, by tiie name of the Governor and Com- pany of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, be, and at all times hereafter siiall be, personable and capable in law to have, pur- chase, receive, possess, enjoy and retain, lands, rents, privileges, liberties, jurisdictions, franchises and hereditaments, of what kind, nature or quality soever they be, to them and their successors ; and also to give, grant, de- mise, alien, assign and dispose lands, tenements and hereditaments, and to do and execute all and singular other things by the same name that to them 'hall or may appertain to do. And that they, and their successors, by the name of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, may plead, and be impleaded, answer, and be answered, defend, and be defended, in whatsoever courts and places, before whatso- ever judges and justices, and other persons and officers, in all and singular actions, pleas, suits, quarrels, causes and demands whatsoever, of whatso- ever kind, nature or sort, in such manner and form as any other Our liege people of this Our realm of Euglan;i> being persons able and capable in law, may, or can have, purchase, receive, possess, enjoy, retain, gi^e, grant, demise, alien, assign, dispose, plead, defend, and be defended, do, permit, and execute. And that the said Governor and Company of Ad- venturers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, and their successors, may have a Conunim Seal to serve for all tiic causes and businesses of theiu and their successors, and that it shall and may be lawful to the said Gover- nor and Company, and their successors, the same Seal, from time to time, at their will and pleasure, to break, change, and to maki^ anew, or alter, as to them shall seem expedient. And further We will, and by lliese pi esentJ for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do ordain, that tiieie shall be from henceforth one of the same Company to be elected and appointed in suciv form as hereafter in these presents is expressed, which shall be called the Governor of the said Company. And that the said Governor and Com- Vci. II.— No. 3. N 90 COLOyiAL rOLLECTlOXS. pany sliall or may elect seven of their minibcr in svicii form as Iieieaftcr in these presents is expresseil, whifii shall be ralUid thi; Committee of the said Company, which Conmiiltw of seven, or any three of them, toj^et her with the Governor or Deputy-Governor of the said Company, for the time being, shall have the direction of the voyages of ami for the said Company, and the provision of the shipping aiul nierchaiulizes tl.creunto belonging, and also the sale of all merchandize'^, goods, aiul other things reftn-ned, in all or any the voyages or ships of or for the said Company, and the managing and handling of all oilier bu'^iness, alVairs and tilings, belonging to the said Company. And \Vc will, ordain, and grant, by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and SnccessvMN, imto tl:e said Governor and Company, and their successors, that tlicy, tlie said Governor and Com- pany, and tlieir successors, shall from henceforth for e\er he ruled, ordered, and governed, according to such manner and form as is hereafter in tlu-se presents expressed, and not otherwise: And that they shall have, hold, re- tain, and enjoy the grants, liberties, privilege?, jurisdictions, and immuni- ties, only hereafter in these presents granted and expressed, and no other. And for the betti-r execution of Our will and grant in this behalf. We have assigned, nominated, constituted, and made, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successor, We do assign, nominate, constitute and make our said cousin. Prince Rupert, to be the fn-st and present Governor of the said Company, and to continue in the said otlice from the date of these presents, until the 10th November then next following, if he, the said Prince Rupert, shall so long live, and so until a new Governor be chosen by the said Company, in form hereafter expressed. And also We have assigned, nominated, and appointed, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do assign, nominate, and constitute, the said Sir John Robinson, Sir Robert Vyncr, Sir Peter Colleton, James Hayes, John Kirke, Francis Millington, and John I'ortman, to be the seven first and present Committees of the said Company, from the date of these pre- sents, until the said 10th day of November then also next foMowing, and so until new Committees sliall be chosen in form hereafter expressed. And further We will and grant, by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Suc- cessors, unto tiic said Governor and Company, and their successors, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company for the time being, or the greater part of them present at any public assembly, commonly called the Court General, to bo holrlen for the said Company, the Governor of the said Company bing always one, from lime to time to elect, nominate, and appoint one " the said Company to be De- puty to the said Governor ; which D«.'puly shall take a corporal oath before liie Governor, and three or more of the Committee of the said Company for the time being, well, truly, and faithfully to execute his said oflice of Deputy to the Governor of the said Company, and after his oath so taken, shall and may, from time to lime, in the absence of tiie said Governor, exercise and execute the oflice of Governor of the s^id Company, in such sort as the said Governor oug'J.t to do. And further We will and grant, fcy these presents, lor Us, OurIi«iirs and Successw;*, unto the said Governoi: COLONIAL COLLECTIONS. 9t anil Company of Adventurers of Kngli.nd, trading into Hudson's Bay, aii;l tlieir successors, that they, or the greater part of thcni, whereof the (i,)V('riior for tlie tinu* being, or his Deputy, to be one, from time to limp, and at all times iiereafier, shall and may have authority and power, yearly and every year, between the first and last day of Noveniber, to assemble and meet together in some convenient place, to be appointed from time to time by the Governor, t in his absence by the Deputy of tlie said Go- vernor for the time being, and that they being so assembled, it shall aiid may be lawful to and for the said Governor, or Deputy of the said Go- vernor, aiftl the saici Company for the time being, or the greater part of tiiein which then shall happen to be present, whereof the Governor of the said Company, or his Deputy for the time being, to be one, to elect and nominate one of the said Company, which shall be Governor of the said Company for one whole year, then next following, which person being so elected and nominated to be Governor of the said Company, as is afore- said, before he be admitted to the execution of the said office, shall take a corporal oath before the last Governor, being his Predecessor or his De- puty, and any three or more of the Committee of the said Company for the time being, that he shall, from time to time, well and truly execute the oftice of Governor of the said Company, in all things concerning the fiame; and that immediately after the same oath so taken, he shall and may execute and use the said oflice of Governor of the said Company, for one whole year from thence next following. And in like sort We will and grant, that as well every one of the above-named to be of the said Company or Fellowship, as all others hereafter to be admitted, or free of tlie \ernor and Company, or the greater part of them, in any public court to be heUl for the said Company, shall be in reasonable and legal manner set down and devised, before they shall be allowed or admitted to trade or traffic as a freeman of the said Company. And further We will and grant by tiiGse presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, unto the said Governor and Company, and their successor, that the said Governor, or Deputy Governor, and the rest of the said Company, and tl\eir suc- cessors, for the time being, or the greater part of them, whereof the Go- vernor, or Deputy Governor, from time to time, to be one, shall and may, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, have power and authority yearly, and every year, between the lirst and last day of November, to as- semble and meet together in some convenient place, from time to time, to he appointed by the said Governor of the said Company, or in his absence by hii Deputy ; and tliat they being so assembled, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor or his Deputy, and the Company, for the time being, or the greater part of them, which then shall happen to be present, whereof the Governor of the said Company, or his Deputy, for the time being, to be one, to elect and nominate seven of the said Cojn- pany, which shall be a Committee of the said Com* any, for one whole year from then next ensuing, which persons being so elected and nomi- nated to he a Committee of the said Company as aforesaid, befyrc tliey bo COLONIAL COLLECTIONS. admitted to the execution of their ofilicc, shall take a corporal oath, before the Governor or his Deputy, and any three or more of the said Committee of the said Company, being their last predecessors, that they, and every of them, shall well and faithfully perform their said offiire of Committees in all things concerning the same, and that immediaiely after the said oath so taken, they shall and may execute and use their said office of Com- mittees of the said Company, for one whole year from thence next fol- lowing. And moreover. Our will and pleasure is, and by these presents, for Us, our Heire and Successors, We do grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, that when, and as often as it shall happen, the Governor, or Deputy Governor of the said Company for the time being, at any time within one year after that he shall be nominated, elected, and sworn to the office of the Governor of the said Company, as is aforesaid, to die, or to be removed from the said oflice, which Governor or Deputy Governor not demeaning himself well in his said office. We will to be removeable at the pleasure of the rest of the said Company, or the greater part of them which shall be present at their public assemblies, commonly called, their General Courts, holden for the xaid Company, that then, and so often 33 it shall and may be lawful to and for the residue of the said Company, for the time being, or the greater part of them, within a con- venient time, after the death or removing of any such Governor or De- puty Governor, to assemble themselves in such convenient place as they shall think fit, for the election of the Governor or Deputy Governor of the said Company ; and that the said Company, or the greater part of them, being then and there present, shall and may, then and there, before their departure from the said place, elect and nominate one other of the said Company, to be Governor or Deputy Governor for the said Company, in the place and stead of him that so died or was removed; which person being so elected and nominated to the office of Governor or Deputy Go- vernor of the said Company, shall have and exercise the said office, for and during the residue of tlie said year, taking first a cor|)oral oath, as is aforesaid, for the due execution thereof; and this to be done from time to time, so often as the case shall so require, ^nd also. Our will and pleasure is, and by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do grant unto the said Governor and Company, that when, and as often as it shall happen any person or persons of the Committee of the said Company for the time being, at any time within one year next after that they, or any of them shall be nominated, elected, and sworn to the office of Com- mittee of the said Company as is aforesaid, to die, or to be removed from the said offic(?, which Committees not demeaning themselves well in their said office. We will, to be renjoveable at the pleasure of the said Governor and Company, or the greater part of them, whereof the Governor of the said Company, for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one; that then, and so often, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Gover- nor, and the rest of tiie Company for the time being, or the greater part of them, whereof the Governor for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one, within convenient time after the death or removing of any of the said Committee, to assemble themselves in such convenient ]>lacti as; is, or shall be usual and accustomed for the election of the COLONIAL COLLECTIONS. 93 Governor of the said Company, or where else the Governor of the said Company, for the time being, ur his Deputy, slinll appoint. And that tlie said Governor and Company, or tlic gri'atcr part of them, whereof the Governor for the time being, or iiis Deputy, to l>e one, being then and tiiern present, shall, and may, then and there, before their departure from the said place, elect and nominate one or more of the said Company, to be of the Conimittee of the said Company, in the place and stead of him or them that so died, or were or w.is so removed, which person or persons so nominated and elected to the oiTice of Committee of the said Company, shall have and exercise the said oHTice, for and during the residue of the said year, taking Hrst a corporal oath as is aforesaid, for the due execution thereof, and this to be done from time to time, so often as the case shall re- <|uire. And to the end the said Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Hay, may be encouraged to undertake, and effectually to prosecute the said design, of Our more especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, We have given, granted, and con- ijrmed, and by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give grant, and confirm, unto the said Governor and Company, and their suc- cessors, the sole trade and commerce of all those seas, streights, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks, and sounds, in whatsoever latitude they shall be, that lie within the entrance of tiie streights, commonly called Hudson's Streigiits, together with all the lands and territories upon the countries, coasts, and confines of the seas, bays, lakes, rivers, creeks and sounds afore- said, that are not already actually possessed by, or granted to any of Our subjects, or possessed by the subjects of any other Christian Prince or State, with the fishing of all sorts of fish, whales, sturgeons, and all other royal fishes, in the seas, bays, inlets, and rivers within the premises, and the fish therein taken, together with the royalty of the sea, upon the coasts within the limits aforesaid, and all mines royal, as well discovered as not discovered, of gold, silver, gems, and precious stones, to be found or dis- covered within the territories, limits, and places aforesaid, and that tiie said land be from henceforth reckoned and reputed as one of Our Planta- tions or Colonies in America, called Rupert's Land. And further. We do by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, make, create, and constitute, the said Governor and Company, for the time being, and their successors, the true and absolute I^rds and Proprietors of the same terri- tory, limits, and places aforesaid, and of all other the premises, saving al- ways the faith, allegiance, and sovereign dominion due to Us, Our IIeir« and Successors, for the same to have, iiold, possess, and enjoy the said ter- ritory, limits, and places, and all and singular other the premises, hereby granted as aforesaid, with their, and every of their rights, members, juris- dictions, prerogative*, royalties, and appurtenances whatsoever, to them, the siiid Governor and Company, and their successors for ever, tj be holden of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, as of Our manor of East Green- wich, in our county of Kent, in free and common socage, and not in capite, or by knight's service; yielding and paying yearly to Us, Our Jleirs and Successors, for the same, two elks, and two black beavers, when- soever, and as often as We, Our Heirs and Successors, shall happen to enter iiito the said countries, territories, and regions hereby granted. And D4 COLONIAL COLLKCTIONS. further, Our will and piL'asnre h, and by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do grant unto the said Governor and Company, and to their successors, tliat ii shall and may be lawful to and for tiie said Go- vernor and Company, and their successors, from time to time, to assemble themselves, for or about any the matters, causes, all'airs, or businesses of the said trade, in any place or places for the same convenient, within Our do- minions or elsewhere, and thereto hold court for tiie said Company, and the affairs thereof; and that also, it sliuil and maybe bwful to and for them, and the greater part of them, being so assembled, and that shall then and there be present, in an^ si ch place or places whereof the Gover- nor or his Deputy for the time being to be one, to make, ordain, and con- siitute such, and so many reasonable laws, constitutions, orders and ordi- Ji:ince8, astothem,orthegrcaterpartoftheni beingthen and there present, shall seem necessary and convenient for the good government of the said Company, and of all Governors of colonies, forts and plantations, factors, masters, mariners, and other oilicei-s employed, or to be employed, in any of the territories and lands aforesaid, and in any of their voyages ; and for the better advancement and continuanceof the said trade, or trallic and planta- tions, and the same laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances so made, to put in use, and execute accordingly, and at their pleasure to revoke and alter the same, or any of them, as the occasion shall require : And that the said Governor and Company, so often as they shall make, ordain, or establish any such laws, constitutions, orders, and ordinances in such form as afore- said, shall and may lawfully impose, ordain, limit and provide such pains, penalties and punishments upon all offenders, contrary to such laws, con- stitutions, orders and ordinances, or any of ihcm, as to the said Governor and Company for the time being, or the greater part of them, then and there being present, the said Governor or his Deputy being always T,T,r.CTrON*S. them, shall become bound unto the said (Jovernor, for the time being, iil tile sum of one thousand pounds at the Icust, ut no lime iIumi after to trade or traflic into any of the said places, seas, slrcigliis, hays, pons, li.ivens or territories, aforesaid, contrary to our express conimandmeni in ilmt btlialf set down and published. And further, of Onr more especial grace, We have condescrnded and granted, and by these presents for Us, Onr Heirs and Successors, do grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, that We, Our Heirs and Successor-, will not grant liberty, li- cence, or power, to any person or persons whatsoever, contrary to the lenor of these Our letiers patent, to trade, traflic or inhabit, unto or npon any the territories, limits or p'aces, afore specified, contrary to the true mean- ing of these presents, without the consent of the said Governor and Com- pany, or the most part of them. And, of Our more abundant grace and favour to the said Governtir and Company, We do hereby declare Our will and pleasure to be, that if it shall so ha|)pen, that any of the persons free, or to be free of the said Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, who shall, before the going forth of any ship or ships, ap- pointed for a voyage, or otherwise, promise or agree by writing, under his or their hands, to adventure any sum or sums of money, towards the fur- nishing any provision, or maintenance of any voyage or voyages, set forth, or to be set forth, or intended, or meant to be set forth, by the said Gover- nor and Company, or the more part of thcin present at any public assembly, commonly called their General Court, shall not, within the space of twenty days next after warning given to him or them, by the said Governor or Company, or their known officer or minister, bring in and deliver to the treasurer or treasurers appointed for the Company, such sums of money as shall have been expre-sed and set down in wiiting, by the said person or persons, subscribed with the name of said adventurer or adventurers, that then, and at all times after, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company, or the more part of them present, whereof the said Governor or his Deputy to be one, at any of their general courts, or general assemblies, to remove and disfranchise him or them, and every such person and persons at their wills and pleasures, and he or they so removed and disfranchised, not to be permitted to trade into the countries, territories, and limits aforesaid, or any part thereof, nor to have any adventure or stock going or remaining with, or amongst the said Company, without the spe* cial license of the said Governor and Company, or the more part of them present at any general court, first had and obtained in that behalf, any thing before in these presents to the contrary thereof in any wise notwith* standing:. And Our will and pleasure is, and hereby We do also ordain, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company, or the greater pan of them, whereof the Governor, for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one, to admit into, and to be of the said Company, all such servants or factors, of or for the said Company, and all such others, as to them, or the most part of them present, at any court held for the said Company, the Governor, or his Deputy being one, shall be thought fit and agreeable with the orders and ordinances nutde, and to be made for the gov is, and unto th and maj Court o have a i hundred vote, am pounds, and have of Our e Our Heir pany of lands, isli lonies, wl any the p forth, unc their succ formed to (lovernor i point and that the C where the or places granted, n vernor and civil orcriu justice ace committed places of ti executed fo shall and m to transmit factory, or i tice may be must convet oHcnce shal these presen unto the sai and license, men or amm of trade afon commanders by commissi tnake peace Christians, i Vol. II COLON 1 A L CO I, T- F.CTIO N S. V7 ny, ot ny» ers, the ight for ihc gov* ' ".en. of the said C'nmpany. And further, Our will and pleasure is, and by ihcsc presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, Wc do grant unto the said (Jovernnr and Company, and to their successors, that it shall and may be lawful in all elections and bye-laws to be made by the General Court of the adventurers of the said Company, that every person shall have a number of votes according to his stock, that is to say, for every hundred |)ounds by him subscribed, or brought into the present slock, one vote, and that any of those that have subscribed less than one hundred pounds, may join their respective sums to make up one hundred pounds, and have one vote jointly for the same, and not otherwise. And further, of Our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion. We do for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, grunt tu and with the said Governor and Com- pany of Adventurers of lui^land, trading into Hudson's Bay, that all lands, islands, territories, plantations, forts, foriilicalions, factories, or co- lonies, where the said (yompany's liictorics and trade are or shall be, within, any the ports or places afore limited, shall be immediately, and from hence- forth, under the ])Ower and command of the said Governor and Company, their successors and assigns ; saving the faith and allegiance due to be per- formed to Us, Our Heirs and Successors as aforesaid; and that the said CJovernor and Company shall have liberty, full power and authority, to ap- point and establish governors, and all other oAicers to govern them, and that the Governor and his Council of the several and respective places where the said Company bhall have plantations, forts, factories, colonie?, or places of trade within any the countries, lands, or tcrritoriei hereby granted, may have power to judge all persons belonging to the said Go- vernor and Company, or that shall live under them, in all causes, whether civil or criminal, according to the laws of this kingdom, and to execute justice accordingly. And, in case any crime or misdemeanor shall be committed in any of the said Company's plmtations, forts, factories, c* places of trade within the limits aforesaid, where judicature cannot be executed for want of a Governor and Council there, then in such case it shall and may be lawful for the chief factor of that place, and his council, to transmit the party, together with the oHTence, to such oilier plantation, factory, or fort, where there shall be a Governor and Council, where jus- tice may be executed, or into this kingdom of England, as sitall bu tiiou^ht must convenient, there to receive such punishmcni as the nature of his oHcnce shall deserve. And moreover, Our will and pleasure is, and by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do give and grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, free liberty and license, in case they conceive it necessary, to send cither ships of war, men or ammunition, unto any their plantations, forts, factories, or places of trade aforesaid, for the security and dclence of the same, and to chuse commanders and officers over them, and to give them power and authority, by commission, under llieir Common Seal, or otherwise, to continue or make peace or war with any prince or people whatsoever, that are not Christians, in any places wlr, re the s;ti(l Coiiipanv ?liall luve any plarta- VoL. n. No. ». o r i i .&"4ife36teji 98 COI-OiN l.\ r, rOi.LF.CTlONS. lions, forts, or factories, or adjacent tlicrcunto, as shu!l l)C most lor tit* advant;ue and l)enefu of the said Governor and C'oni|iany, and of their trade; and also to rijilit and reco npenso ihiniselvcs u| on the goods, estates, or pooplcof those parts, by wlioni the said Governor and Company shall sustain any injnry, loss or damage, or npon any other people vvhal- soevev that shall anv vvav, contrary to the intiiil of these presents, in- terrupt, wrong, or injnre them in tluir said trade, within the saiil places, territories, ami limits, granted l>y this charier. And that it shall and ma\ he lawful to and for the said (io\ernor and Company, and their successors, Ironi time I'l tim-, and at all times from henceforth, to erect and build such castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, colonies or plantations, towns or vil- lages, in any pans or places within the limits and bounds granted before in these presents, nolo the said Covernor and Conipanv, as they in their dis- cretion shall think tit and retpiisiie, and for the su|)i)ly of such as shall be needful and convenient, to keep and be in the same, to send out of this kingdom, to the said castles, forts, fortifications, garrisons, colonies, plan- tations, towns or villages, a'l kinds of Lioathing, provision of victuals, ammunition and iuij)leiucnis, necessary for such purpose, paying the tinlieif and customs for the s;ime, us also to transport and carry over such number of men being willing thereunto, or not prohibited, as they shall think fit, and also to govern them in such legal and reasonable manner as the said Governor and CoiM|>any sliall think best, ai.d to inllict |)unishment for misdemeanors, or impose such fines upon them for breach of their orders, as in these presents are formerly expresseil. And further, Our will and l)ieasure is, and by these presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Sincessors, We do grant unto the said Governor and Company, iiul to their successors, lull power and lawful authority to seize upon the persons of all such luiglish, or any oilier Our subjects, which shall sail into Hudson's Hay, or inhabit in any of the countries, islands or territories hereby granted to the said (jovernor and Company, without their lea\e and license in that be- )ij|f tirst had ;ind obtained, or that shall conte r.ii or disobey their (>r(lers, an and injuries to be done unto ilie saiil Covcrnor and Conijiany, or tin ir sue ccssors, by any servant by llieni to be employed in the said voya<;e» and |)lantations, it sli.iii and may be lawi'nl to and Tor tlic vaid (rovcrnor and Coin|)any. and tlieir res|)eelivc President, eliiel" ajj;enl, or Governor in tlie paits aforesaid, to examine upon oalii all faetors, masters, pursers, super- <'argoes, eoinniandprs ol rastles, forts, forlifiealions, plantations or co- lonics, or oiher persons, lonciiinK or concerning any matter or thing, in which, by tav«- or usage an oath may be adminisiered, so as the said oath, and the matter therein contained, be not repugnant, but agrecabh; to (he laws of this realm. And, We ilo hereby straigbtly charge and command all and sinjitdar, our admirals, vice-admirals, justices, mayors, shcriIVs, con- stables, bailiffs, and all and sin};nlar other our odicer-f, ministers, lie;je-inen and subjects whatsoever, to be aiJi ig, favouring, helping and assisting to the said d'ovi rnor and Coiii|)any, and . , their successors, ami to iheir de- puties, ofl'ieers, t; ctors, servants, assigns and ministers, and every of lliem, in cxeculing and enjoying the premises as well on land as on sea, from time to lime, when any of you shall ihereunto be recjuircd ; any statute, act, ordinincc, proviso, |)ro(:Ian)alion, or restraint heretofore had, made, set forth, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause or thing what- soever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. In witness whereof, we have caused tliese Our letters to be made patent; witness Ourscif at Westminster, the second day of May, in the two and twentieth year of Our reign. By writ of Privy ^"eal. (Signed) PKiOTT. No. V. I.OVVKll CANADA. I. — An AiXOHiit of the duniitilij of limine uud Spirits, and ffcst India /'roducc, imported into Loivcr Canada in 18 1 j. \M.\n. Gallons. Madeifa 3'),K,>|. Port 7f),J4'J 'JViKTiife 131..Vil Spani-.h L"JO,i)(JiS Sicilian 31,;);5!> Froiicii i I.Ojj Shciiy (i, ;)')!> i.isbon i,"f'0 Hock , 'JSO sriiiiTs. (iailons. Rum 1,1:.U,1?J Wllixk.y Brandy . Geneva . Ij,3ll :,:i,f)():, (J 1,70 1 Molasses , 21,4 34 I'diiikIs. I/Kif Sugar 50'J, j./J Muscovado l,','fii»,(i.'5.') CoUiT" '221), 'MU !lii i iii I t * < 1'. * 100 COr.ONIAL COLLECT I OXS. CO -§ *• O I- o .If C "^ 5 CT j^ -^ >^ o 1^ •0 -^ -O n -Z 2-- I- 5N ■^3 V. •Si ri .O ,0 ra V ;? a -5-r i-i •V. a la I" ^ V as 1-1 A» r 6 1^ 3 •5 »J -2 -•' a ft rn p a ys m3imhio|_ r~ ts >s> (N r^i 00 n ai <:, '" lO — CO o_ O^ 3f^;^ •o o -< — I I O) — lO -"^ 00 !>• o j_ iios(| j sisai|f) •9j|Kv; sioii!i\T 7; — .ri <0 ^ - '-J — •" — CO ■*. •- o\ O 1-1 — CO 00 I irl •n •+• o ■Tj .o ■r) or oo o ci I- to O O ii-l >■ n n *. A C O "t 'O -t O ?^ I- CO — I - I- I- I- •oJ3Bqojj»;.»'r sijijii wyo,') spiinOji •julSncj oi)i;a 'T O t:|(ll^' 'll(\llj.)llll,| •A|)iir.iii tiJii.uo J sxli,! •timjj sim.)ij )iinj •po}] i|siin:t!j;; s.hIij •ou!,\\ }.iOjj s.icl[,i CT I • C - i, I I - O ta — C» CN O — I sx, 'O O 00 C — o — > OC O 1/1 o "* J.T -rf :n — -* M •■." 00 00 -n r-"i"-+ — T tM n I- o •+ r- ?i o — -too ■— 05 O 00 Ci ai 00 «i •O (1 — o» •!-.ltM\ 1 O O C 11- Oj -r — CN I — -> W 00 » I — _ , _ ' ^' "cc """— o O '.-1 rh i.T « CI O — r nil Mis •"ifl IViivi KlW III It IIS l>«'|i(iii|.-n<'i ^<"' (01111111(1 <'.«|ir Hrrtii '><•• 'V. iStr. 'loil.l'iiiiMis ,> ^'iivmiiir dC <'.iii:iil'i. riltKiiil Mraliii •<■ llll' .loll "■ Jpll .loll ■ .laiiii A. .laiiK Hohh M. .loll ■- OlivL Hon. H. U'. Hv I'll. A.DcCJiiN liitor mill Svt F. Koiiiiiin, Do i-s. Mur|i('r, ni( T/m I ton. till TIh' Hon. Join • A|i|iointrd . 101 CIVIL LIST OK Tilt I'ROVINCK OF I.OWKIl CANADA, I81G. (lovrllNOn, llii* I'.xrrllriiry I.ifiiJ.- (iniriiil Sir Jolui Ciniitc SlM'ilii-<■• ]ii-iMlcit<'ii'K, Vici'-Ailiiiiriil «>f I lit' K^iiitr, l.it'iil -(ini. mill ('oniiiiuiMlrr •if all His Miiji Ki>'s I'ltrcTN in Um' Mill I'riiviiirrK (if Lower fmititla anil t'|i|irr <'mii)i, IViivii Sriitiii miil JSrw llriiiiswick, mill llicir Hi-vcriil 1)«'|iiMii|iMU'ifH, mill ill llii' Islmnls ol' ]Sr» fiiiiiiillmiil, I'liticc I'.ihviiiil, <':«|ii' llrt'tiiii, mill llic ItrriiiiiiliiR, f.r. K<\ Ikv. Ili>ii.l"riiiiris Niiiliiiniel llMrliiii, Lieiit.- ♦ .Kvrniiir of llic I'roviiici; iil" Lower i iiiiiiil'i. ^.(^^:ll'll llr:il>ii/i)ii lireiituii, l'>(|. See. Ill till- oil, Cliiet'.liiHtiee iMoiik, — Sir J. .loliMRloii, • - — ' — • <,'h«rtier I)e Lotbinierp, .leiikiii WillinniH, CharleN D«.- St. OurB, ■ ,lnhn Hule, — A. L. J. Diicbrsnay, .1 ij. M. H. I)e Rouville, ■ .lolin Ciildwell, — — LA. I)e (iaAp^', H. VV. Rylnnd, — JnineN Ciitlibert, CliarlOK Win. Grant, ' Jolin DInrkwond, Willinni M'Gillivrny, ~- — Pierre Horn. Dcbnrtzeli. ^Villilllll Sniitb, K8(|. (). Clerk Ash. JnnieK Voyer, Lnq. CJIerk of the Juiir- iialH. Mr. Win. Tinulillier, Ccnlleinan UkIict of the Ilhiek Rod. Mr. Wni. (linger, Serjeant at Arnifi. Mr. rraiii;i)iH Koniain, Doorkeeper, < "buries Itelloirin, Mebstiiser. rrnn«;oi8 Uoy/;, OtHec-keeper. Tlir Ilnn. the House of /Is.iemftl;/, electftt April., 1814, Eighth Provincial Parliu*' mcvt. — Tbc (ip;nrrB after tbc names denuic tli#! nninber of PariianientM for wbieli tbe Meinbfrs bavc already served. 'I'bnse whose names are marked thua ■y were nut of the last Assembly. Speaker dnfpi'.— Cormnillii. — Joseph Levaiiseiir liorgiik (:ij, Joseph Robitaillc (:i). Do-on. — fFraiieois Fuiirnicr, f^'os. F. Colli Hard IW-pre. Ilertforil. — L.tieiiiie F<'rei)l Hoi (4), Fran^'ois Blunehet (o)- lonial Jonrnal, vol. 1 Appointmcnt*. !(•)': \.n\\ i: li ( A \ A i).\. /).i)', ':cWir — I. '1', 'I'iim-Ik ir.ui ^ T, I lotiit l»,l« (IsOll. /?)(,. ',!•);; /,.l/1t/,;,, — I rilli(,'»iR IMIrt (|\ liiiiu* Mimi I ( v}1 /J.'f.iKi; 'i fi^' II i//ii/fu //• iiry.— |-HiiIh';( Jiif!irl','ii.-~~ • — — — . /I(i/''.>rc/.— I-Hriiry (i< oiarn. ,S'i(i;,v. I'll IfO ,\iiiiit)Hf;li< ll;nl O'Siillivilll ".''.iv/ l\',ir■>.(.•— I. N. I.. Dumiinl (|V i-u'/''^!,''))!" — .hmrpli !\lalli(rnt', ( 1 \ Sii ntiu'l Mirrwooil. /.(inv/cr.— I), IS. Vigor (;)\ |.lmi|m'«' LiU'lllDJU'. M'firti'. < Hoss <'utliluTt (.-.\ f .1 injor-j DrIiKiiy. ,V/. 1/ i»ijr<'. — |l".l'eiiin< I.r Ulniir, 1 .iosr|>li K. Vnllinm. ;■'/.,. /wr.vH l».«i Its «. Og.lon, i-A. Hi ilK'lot. //,,>'ii ftivc — I'lMiK'oiH Hunt (r. \ ](;, \\ . Allso|n> ., 1 ) rl'/ipcr 7i)>r>i — .1< III Anioiiio I'n tut (7\ Clmu'f IViiicli-i I (.0. J« J /..)'(•< >■ 7<'Ni — I'inio HiiiiK till ( I ), .5; J /..)'(•< (■ 'I'rn'ii — fit' jS t Vmlnw Mii;\i '^ <\i>,i/,'v — l.i'U's «^iuMi'nii ^i\ )• Prill HlillilUl. .\,ir.'/iMw.V'/ iw/. — I'lioMMs l.ci- ^.O t-l".IU-|Ull> <'. l.HC"»M>\. Oilr.vis — (liMili's lllmiiii i^ I V >\ illi 11" l.iiiils;iy, I'sf], <'l<'ik. V. v.. Desluijils, l.sil. <'kik ANsist;int (Miarlcs I'lcnioiii, > ,, .,, , , , ' ,, ,. V I Kins.l iniisla ois. iCInU l« atlrnil \V, H. I iiiil!>ay, -\ Coiiiniittois and f t"<>j>\iiiif t"l«ik. Aut. rairiil, Sorjraut at Aimih. Viigiislus \\ fllina, Drpiit) 00. Mrs. LalKulic, llinisr-ke«'(w'r. Jacnuis l.au'iliils, Mrssnu. r. Jriin Mint, \ ' OfHt-frf "«' ilitwrcnt n.'jtiirt incut i. Tlui Ainjiii, I's.) SiH-rotai-y ami He- nistrar vii' llii" Pmviiu'o. John Tiiyltir, !>;.i8tiH' ill Cliaisccry. tlo.i It. \V KUaii.1, ( l('lt< nC ttw ( KIM II ill < liiiiurty, lliiii. .Iiilni <'alil»r||, li. ,l(isi |iti Itoiirlii'llr, I'.vij Sinvryiir (irii ,li|. iiil<< i<>;)lli Ui'Kilm lit I'l'l). Ajioiil t'oi liiili:in AlVaii'M. I.iini» Do Saliilirriy, 1'.»<|. IVimlySii. |H riiitcmlmit ol' tin' SI. l''iaii(,'iiiK mill Ali<'iiiii|iii!< liiilimix. -, ('.sij Sini'il.d'ju'c (icnrrnl to llif liiiliaii tN-|«.ii'iiii('iil. .Ill Vniiililx, llmltoni' Masd r, Unt'licr. .'iiini'H l.ciiiiini ir Aliinct, A^Hill|lllll ilii. lion. liiiKH (nllil'i'ii, lii)i|i<'«'tui' III' Polirr, Uni'lu'i'. I Ikih t'olliii, l''.Ni|. IiiHiicrliir nf Polico, 'I 111! (' Uivrii .1. 11. Ii' <'i>iii|il<' l)n|i«p;ji'o» Do l.ory, l'.>i|. ilo Mitiiliral. ^^illialll 1.0 Maitro, I''.m|. (iraiiil Vo)or (illS|<0. Paul l.acroix, Sinvoynr of llii>liivays aliiMo tlio l.oiij; Saiill, uii llio OU t.uva liiior Kill). D'lvMliinanvillo, Iii!i|ioo(oi' of llicliways, Uiiolii 0. ^Ii' .laii|ni'!i Vi'.>oi', ditto at Moiitrral. y\v. Wni. niii'iiR, Anotioncorat«4iiolior. .Alt'. Ak'xanilci- lloni-V) ilo. at Moiitri'al. i IllSpOOtOVH ol" >rT .loan Hoiitliilior, 3 '*"' *^ l'*""""' Ml'. \A', Jiiliiison Holt, 1 .'Ulios at f Montreal. JanirnK. iloiji'l, Chai'los liyati, ditto al Tliroo Uiviis. Mr. {'Iiai'los I'rouiont, ditto al fjuclioo. Mr. Win. Philips, In^iicctor of Flour at (JuoIm'o. 31r.<>cu Hobbs, ilu. ofilo.ut Montreal. f-OWniT (AN AHA, ior> Ml \> III Uonlillicr hihI IMi. AiillMiny Aiiiln 'Hill, liii<|irrliiin of llri'l' iiiiil I'lnlc lor llir DiHliiil ol Uiu In c. Jotni CliiirlrH 'I iiinri' iiml I'liniroiM 'I'lHiiii, liiKiirrliim oC i!ri F iiiitl I'liik liir llir l>istii<'l iif !\loiilri .il. Mhimil IImiijh ^'t■llllllmll, (inm^ir nt ||i>- I'lii'l iilSI. .Ii<)iil. (iciu"!' ( liii|«Mi;iii, (Il iK III' (lie Minl.cl III IJki'Ix < 1 mill Kliiiii|iri' III' wciv.lilH iiii'l nil iisiiri'M. >Vm. Jos. llri'l lilri', Insprrliir nf tlic lliiv MiiiUrl mill sill iii|iii' III' Hri)( III H ami iiiciiMirm iil Moiiln mI. I'ii'irr <'liiiil^iii'l, Clrrk iil'llir !\liiililliiiiii IMinliii, liis|ii'<|nr nl' < 'liimiM >M til MiMilniil, !Mi'. .loliii (•mill, |iiH|i('ii(ir oi'iliilo r,t (till iiir. All'. I.iilli'* ■lili'l'|i)l I.C I'l'MIIMl, ililln III 'I liii r Uivi rH,iiiiil Hliliii|ni'tir\vrin!ilH mill tin';">iin" :. .I.iliii Arlim, AI.N. IM'Hiic, .liiliii Dm. tliii', llrriiir .MmriHuii, .lolm Cni. j{(r, IliMij. I.c ISJiiiK, All-Ill «■ Tiilil- Wt'll, Dlivill ('lllllllll'llCI', Mini I't'll I' l.yiMJ, <'llll('l'H mill lllN|ll cIlHH III' I'isli foi' llir DlHtrii't iir(fM-i|M''. .lu.ilirri iif llir I'l n ■■ ai'i>'iiiiliil nt ll'i \\\lh .llitir, IMii;, 1,1 itilml<,islrr Oiil/i.s to Hull P,iii Ojlii-tt-.u pislrtfl .1/ f^wcAic.-- Liin'm \)v S.ilnlii'i'y, .liiliii l(liirk\v., Ciilviii iMay, I'liil lip Kiiilir, riiili|> LiiVi', .loliii ^^llilllM'k, lliiii. .liiiMiii ('iiiIiIk'i I, Siiumi'l \\ iiliinl, \\'iil. SiiMHc IMoiiii, cMjiiin'.-f. Ditlrirl III' I'/iii'f Itiiiis — 'IImmiims Col" I'm, IVivi'l IMoiiiM, I ru Ih (iiiiia, .li'iisc I'i'iiiioyr, III my (nil, (iilln 1 1 IInmI, Piiri'i" lu;mnc Diiilli'liutil, iSii'iiIms til iijmiiiii Dmirrl, i M|iiiii'!.. Iiiliiiiir Dii/iiit 11^' Hm/ii'. — \\illi.iiii ( j'liwroi'il, IMiilip IIiiImii, I Ml|1li^l^s. (\iimnh<:iiirii Jfotir I Xiriilir In /nun nil ili J'liiii n'/hiirr A., IO! llir h'.iiiilfs h riliilnrr litiiiliyjiiff In Ihr liilr Oiilir III Je.vnli. 'fill' Mon. I'r.iiK'iH liiiliy, 'riiotniiM lliiiin, l',Ki| .Iriikin Willi'iiiiM, IImi lii'i'llii li'l D'li liitiiv, I'.x'l' II. W. UvImihI, l',Ni|. •//. -l^-'!'_ <'<>ri!S 1)1, .M VIK !.. <:(Uin i>:iiiviNC I A i.i: d'aiti j,. I.C (ilMKI I IK III', l< • .11 lll( IIMI.I (^lill- vri'iiriil', on |,i t'l r-miiii' ;;y.inl I'Ail iiiinihii'iilion (III (iiiiit i nii'iiii III, !i s IMriiilniK i',n ('01. Mil I'virulil, li' (■I, mil .Inu"' ill' Il I'ro^iiuc, rl li' ,liii;i' I'll (III I lie hi ( imi ilii tliiic i!ii !<>il polll' Ic OlKllirlltr Molllil il, oil «'iiii| irr|,||''( II V (lis .Iiii^is (II* l:i Conr ilii Oistritl il!iii!, Iii<|iii He Ic jll'.'I'tlll III llolil t s| >', |'|il I, M I il ll'il- ilil, IM 1 |ilr '. i ,lil('i|iU'H .Siir|i!.( I', I, r.< nil I', (il' ill, 1 Ciiiir ilii llnirilii I'ni jm'ir hs CciHw.f ( 'rimiiliLs. A liM.ilKC. I.'Mdiuii'mIiIi' ,liir:illi:iii .Scwi II, I'.ci i 1, (>i;in ': }\\'y •!( \\\ litiiiii:!;, «1 .lo^'- If! - I I i T ' 104 LrtWr.n CANADA. en Chef de la Cour V. I'wilor!,, C. Oe Lcry, et \V. (iiiiii, Fa'th. Cli-i'CH tie In <\>nrt»inoral»lo J'liiicN Monk, Ecr. Jiigp eiiChef tic la Cuiir llocket J. Rt;iil, Etrs. Clircs t Mctuhresuuiuuins. Jaincd KciT, Ecuier, Ju!;c. J. B. Dtsliniaiiville, Ecuier, Grcflifr. James L. >I;irrctte, Marcrlial. Cour du Banc t'lt Hoi pour le DUlrict de Quiihec. LvCirand Jnp;c de lu IVovinco. Junit'H Kcr, Olivier Pcrrault, ct £d- wT.rd liowen, Ecniri's, Jugos. J. F. IVrrault, cl John Itoss, Ecuicrs, Grt'fticrs. JaiiKis Shcplirrd, Eciiicr, SlieriflT. Heni'y lilackt.tn'i'', Ettii'ci', Coronaire. William Ucid, (it'iilicr. Cour ilu liuiic 'in Rot pimr le Diitricl (!<} Monlrei'l. Lc Juge en Clicf pour le District de MoiltlT ll. Isaac 0;>ilen, James Held, ct Louis Cliiirics FoucluT, Ecdids, Juros. Joliii Hcii', ct Louis Lcvcsijur, Ecis. (ircd'K'lH. Frrd. Win. lu'niHtiiii^'cr, Ecr. .Slicrifi". •lean iMaric Mondilff, Ecr. ('oroauire. Jacol» Kiiii:i.<«cnli<'r. C'liir I'raiiiiciuU pn'ir le DUlrivt aes Trn'ts-lUiiere.i. Fierrc Rpijanl, licuicr, un d<'a Juj^cs ;>ilv\. Arch. ^!M.coll, /\iu>us >Shaw, Miles M'Duui.rll, William Auld, Thos. ThoiiiaN, Wni. HiMirr, 1'. Vincent, Joliii Thomas, (icor^e (iladmaii, W. H. Took, Thos. Tupping, Abel Ed- wards, and John Juhnson. A List of the Clergn qf the Eslahlished Church, in the Provinces of Upper and hiwer Canad't. 'lite Rieht Keverend Jacob Lord Uibhop of iiucbec. Quehec —'V\\c. Kcv. S. J, Mountain, Chaplain uiiil Secretary to the Lord Bis''.op, and Keclur uf the Churcli at Qiichec. Tho lli'v, J. L. Mil!.';, Evening; Lec- turer at Cjuebec, and Cliaplain to the Forces. Muutrcal. — The Rev. Dr. IMouiilniny OtHcial ol' Lower-Canada, and Rec< lor of Christ Church, Montreal. Three- lii'ers. — The Utv. .^Ir. hliort^ Rector. WiUiiim Ucnri/.—Tlw Rev Mr. Jack- sou, Rector of Christ Churcli, Wil- liam Ileiiry, auJ Chaplain to the Loid Rishop. Mifsisn-oiii/ iii;:ft„n.—TUc Rev. (i. O. Stuart, Of- ficial of I'jiper Canada, and Rector of Kini;fi|o:i. \iii:j;tim. — liie Rirv. Mr. Addison, licctor. The Rev. John Bdhuiie, Rector of Elizalu'lli 'I'own and Aiisjui-ia. IViU'uwish'tt'^ —The Rev. J. G. Wea- SCaiit, Rector. CoivniiU •— The Rev. D. Ealdwyn, Rictiir. I'ffdtricMiir^ and Krnest T^fCH.— TliB Rev. R. Follaril. !'-ia»du'ir,'i — ( vaca n t , ) The Ri'v. G. Jenkins, Clinplain to the Forces. The (:iT. Tho Norri!", ditto to ditto. 105 REVIEW OF BOOKS. Art. I.— 1. Travels in Brazil. By Henry Koster. 4to. pp. 501, London. Longtuan and Co. ISlG. 2. Oh the Amelioration of Slavery. By Henry Koster, Author of Travels in Bra;:!!. 8vo. pp. 330". Printed in the Pamphleteer. London. Gale and Fenner. 181G. IT will be no proof that we are absolutely conjurors, if we boldly yield to the conjecture, that Mr. Koster is the identical traveller in Brazil, of whom Mr. Southey has given us the follow- ing account, in his Pilgrimage to Waterloo : " A third, wlio, from the Land of Lakes, with me, Went out u[)oii this pleasant pilgrimage. Had sojourned long beyond the Atlantic Sea ; — Adventurous was his spirit as his age. For he in far lirazil, thro' wood and waste. Had travelled many a day, and tliere his heart was placed. " Wild region ! happy if at night was found The shelter of some rude Tapuya's shed ; Else would he take his lodgment on the ground, Or from the tree suspend his hardy bed ; And sometimes starting at the Jaguar's cries, See thro' the murky night the prowler's fiery eyes. " And sometimes over thirsty deserts drear. And sometimes over flooded plains he went ; A joy it was his fire-side tales to hear. And he a comrade to my heart's content: For he of what I most desired could tell, And loved the Portugals because he knew them well." Mr. K.'s volume is dedicated to Mr. Southey, and his short pre- face informs us, that he has " had the advantage of Mr. Southey's Vol. IL— No. III. P / 106 llEVIEW OF BOOKS. advicp anccasionally passim between the uiit: and the oilier, is the most unpleasant period of the n his own plate into small pieccj, and pass the knife to his next neighbour. 'I lure was, however, a plentiful supply of silver forks, and abundance of plates. Garlic fornu-d one in* gredienl in almost every tliah, and we had a great deal of wine during the dinner. The .^loment we tinisiietl, every one rose from the table, and re« moved into another apartment. At eight oVIoik, a large party assembled to tea, and we did not take our 'leparture imlil a very late hour. On our arrival at home, my friend and I sat together to consider of the trans.ic< tions of this day, which we had thus |)assed entirely with a Brazilian fa< inily, and both agreed thai we had been much anubed, and that wu iiad really felt much gralitication, save the business at the dining tabic, 'i'lie conversation was tritling, but entertaining ; tlnre was much wit and s|H)rt. The ladies of the house, joined by srvt-ral others in the evening, talki-d a great deal, and would allow of no ^object into which they could not enter. *' It will be observed from what I lia\e described, and from what I still have to mention, tiiat no rule can be laid down lortiie society of the place in(|urstion; famdics of e(|u;il rank, and of etpial wealth and importance, are often of manners totally dilVerent. 'i"he fact is, that socidy is undertoms, though these have some elfecl, bnl as there is more wealth, more In.xuries are required ; as there i» more education, higher and more polished ainuso menls are sought for; as the ntind beiomes more enlarged, from inter- course with other nations, and from reading, many customs are seen in a clilK'renl light ; so that the same persons insensibly change, and in a few years ridicuU' and are disgusted with many of those very iiabits which, if iliey ntli'ct for a moment, they will reioliicl were practised but a shoil liiMC beiore by themselves. " l)n St. Anne's diy, tiio '-'!>th July, two young Knglislimen and myself proceedf 1 by invilution to the house of one t)f the liiM pcronages at i'er- li.onl)uco; a man in place, and a planter, posMSMng liiiec sugar works in ditVirent parts of the country. About ten o'clix ,v in tlie morning, v.e embarked in a caiu>e, and were poled and pathllcd across the bay, on the land-^ideof the town. On our arrival upon tiie opposite shore, the tide was out, and tiie mud deep ; in tear, and tren)bling for our silks, two of us clang to the backs of the canoe-nien, who with sonie difliculty put u* (!uu ji ia;c ou dry lanil ; but the third, \»ho wus heavier, fur some jnijuitcs tlEVIKW Ol' BOOKS. in Ot'bntcil wlictluT to rt'lurii lioim- wan not the IM-Uor plan ; however, lit- l(M)k courage, anaci()us, and all u|>on the tirnt tloor. 'i'he gnnicn was laid out by this gentleman's father, in the old style of straight \«'nlks and trees cut into shapes. A large party was already assenihling, a!i this was the anniversary of the birtli-day of our hostess ; hut the females wore all usheted into one room, and tiie men into another; cards and hackKummon, as usu^l, were the amusements, hut there wax little of ease and fr«>ed()in of conversation. At dinner, the ladies all arranged tlienisilve*i on one side, and the men opposite to Ihein; there were victuals of many kinds in great prolusion, and much wine was dr.ink. Some of ihe gentle- men who were intimately ar<|Uainted with the family, did not sit down at table, hut assisted in attending upon the ladies. Alter dinner, the whole party adjourned into a large hall, and country (lancing being proposed and agreed to, fiddlers were introduced, and a litth' after seven o'chH;k, about twenty couples commenced ; and continued this amusement until past two o'clock. Here was the ceremony of tli'-' last century in the morning, and in the evening the chcarfulness of an English party of the present dii y. I never partook of one more pleasant : liie conversation, at times rrncwed, \v.is always genteel, but uneereinuniotis, and I met with several well edu- cated per>ons, whose actiuainti.lice I enjoyed during the remainder of my stay at this place. " [ had an olTer of introduction to another Bra/llian family, which I readily accepted, and on the 7th August, I was summoned by my friend to accompany him to Olinda. He had been invited, and liberty had been given to take a friend. We went in a canoe, and were con)|)letely wet through on the way ; but we walked about the streets of Olinda until we were again di y . The family consisted of an old lady, her two daughlei-s, and a son, who is a priest, and one of the professors or masters of the se- minary. Several persons of the same doss were present, of easy and gen- tlemanlike manners; somcof them proposed dancing, and although they did not join in theanuiseinent, still they were highly pleased to sec others enter- tained in this manner. Our music was a piano forte, played by one of the professors, who good humouredly continued until the dancers themselves begged him to desist. About midnight, we left these pleasant people, and, returnetl to the beach; the tide was out, and the canoe upon dry land; we tiierefore determined to walk; the sand was very heavy, the distance thieej miles, and after our evening's amusement, this was hard work. I did notr attempt this night to go beyond Recife to my cottage, but accepted of a maltiess at my friend's residence. " Three or four families are in the practice of having weekly evening card parties, as was usual in Lisbon. I attended these occasionally, but in tiiem there was no p?culiarity of customs. "The foregoing pages will, I think, suffice to point out the kind of so- ciety to be met with in IVrnamhuco, but this must be sought for, ai the families in which it is to be founil, are not numerous. Of these, very few ,'ue in trade ; they are either Portugucze families, of which the chief is in 112 REVIEW OF BOOKS. nffice, Or Brazilian planters wlio are wcaltliy, and prefer rosidiiig in Uecite or Olinda; or, as is rrcquenlly tiie case, u son or brollier beioiigiiiR to the secular priesthood, lias imbibed more liberal notions, and has a»quire«l a zest for rational society. As may naturally be supposed, the females of a family are always glad to be of more importance, to be treated with re- spect, to see, and to be seen- The merchants, generally speaking, for lliere do exist some exceptions, live very much alone; they have been originally from Portugal, have iiitide 'jrtunes in trade, and have married in the country ; but most of tliem still continue to live as if they were not yet sufficiently wealthy, or at least cannot persuade themselves to alter their close and retired manner of living, and, excepting in the summer months, when sitting upon the ste[)s of their country residences, their families arc not to be seen. " The gentleman, chiefly by whose kindness 1 had been introduced and vnabled to partake of the pleasantest society of Pernaml)uco, was among the first British subjects who availed themselves of the fne communication between England and Brazil, and he even already observed a considerable change of manners in the higher class of people. 'I'he decrease in the price of all articles of dress ; the facility of obtaining at a low rate, earthenware, cutlery, and table linen; in fact, the very spur given to the mind by this appearance of a new people among them ; the hope of a better state of things, that their country was about to become of more importance re- newed in many persons, ideas which h.id long lain dormant ; made them wish to show, that they had money to expend, and that they knew liow it should be expended. " It was the custom in Pernambuco, to uncover when passing a sentinel, or on meeting a guard of soldiers marching through the streets. Soon after the opening of the port to British shippiug, three English gentlemen acci- dentally met » cornoral's guard of four or five men, and as they passed each other, one of the hitter took tiff the hat of one of the former, accompanying the ac lion by an opprobious expression ; the Knglishmen resented the in- sult, attacked and absolutely routed the guard. This dreadful mark of sub- mission to military power was universally refused by every British subject, and has been very much discoutinutid even by the Portugueze. Another annoyance to these visitors was the usual respect paid to the Sacrament, carried with much pomp and ceremony to persons dangerously ill. It was expected, that every one by whom it chanced to pass, should kneel, and continue in that posture until it was out of sight; here Knglishmen, in some decree, conformed in proper deference to the religion of the country, but the necessity of this also is wearing ofl"." The third chapter treats of the government, taxes, public In* Ktitutions, and military establisliinents. Since the removal of the Court to Brazil, a botanic gartien has been established at Olinda. This is one of the instances in which a regard for science has been manifested by the sovereign, and it is also one of those on occasion REVIEW OF BOOKS. 113 of which, as we think, a want of political wisdom lias been niuni« festetl. " A l)otanist has been appointed," says Mr. K. " with an ado!e of tukni^r the nmna<;ement of the i>'ar<1en." We shoulil be pleased to know, that the objection was not oidy general to a foreigner, but specifically to a Frenchman. A luimber of ill^-enious Frenchmen, from amon<^ the malcontents under the present system, have lately been imported into Brazil, for tiie sake of their attainments in the arts and sciences ; but the importation, at the same time, of French principles in politi '8 and uioraU, must be a serious inconvenience, to which the jifovernment ought not to be blind. The reception of German visitants, which has also been spoken of, and which the Austrian alliance will also promote, is infinitely to be preferred. The captains-general are officers with discretionary power, ap'. pointed for three years, and capable of being re-ap|)ointed without limitation, at the pleasure of the crown. The arbitrary authority of these officers, appears, however, to be, in some tlegree, counter- poised by the existence of a public body in each government, called Senado da Camara. To this body, which IMr. K. calls the " municipality of the principal town," but the constitution of which he does not describe*, the captain-general, after his nomina- tion, but before he can exercise any office, must present his cre« dentials. The captain-general, as may be supposed, is commander* in-chief of the forces. The Ouvidor ami Juiz de Fora are the judges in civil and cri- minal cases respectively. The former has precedence. Both are appointed fur three years, and, as in tliu case of the captain^ general, the appointment may be renewed. Opportunities, as we are told by Mr. K., of amassing large fortunes are more numerous in these offices than tlie other appointments of the crown ; and '• it is certain," he adds, •• that some individuals take advantage of them in a manner which renders justice but a name. A Juix ^on- 1 * It is fnriiieil, accunliiit; to Mr. K., "of persons of reipectability in tliv pliicv," but liuw choMU or appointed wn are not told. Vol. I1..^No. 111. Q -t It ! 114 iiKvir.w OK nooKs. frrrador, JiuIri' Coiisorvtitor of tlir nril'iHli, hml hwii appointnl lor till' ItiitiHli iiiition ; hut, at tli<> |Hat Hritain, u vice-foiiHiil wan appoiiitiMl tor Pfiiminhuro hy thr «MHiHnI-mMirnil nt Iliu «!«• .laiiciri) ; hiil this itiMtioii was Hn|)n-NOlautl, suhjcrt to iho cohHul-gtMU'rul lor llraxil, hut a|)|>oiut«>tain-^<geneial. The e«'eleHiaNtieal goveruuient is exereised hy the hi^hop, with a dean and chapter, vioar-ge\ieral, &e. " The number of civil and military oliicers is enormous; inspectors i»- numeral)le — loloaels witiioat eml, tleroid of any olynis to iiispetl — witli- ouiL:uiy roi;ii( ail In- »lone by I wo or ihreo pcisons ; (luis salaries are aiiifmented; liie people are oppn'ssed, l>nt the state is not benelilted. " Taxes arc laid where tliey lall heavy upon the lower classes, and n(»nft arelevieil wh»'relliey could well be borne. A lenth is raised in kind upon cattle, poultry, and agiii ulture. and even upon sail ; tliis in former tinu's ap|)erlainei!, .is in ollur C'hrislian comUrii-s, to the clergy*. \\\ the la.vci are I'.nined to the highest bidders, and liiis ainoni^the rest. 'I'hey ar<: par- «-elledout in esicnsive «listricts, aiul are contracte is in itself banftl tlic govi'miHcnt of Purlugul to pny tlicni • cer- tain Rlipenil, anil receive llie teiilliN for its own ncruiuit ; thin was ur(:e|iteil, Inil now that the tenths have iiicreuiieil in rubic twenty-fold, thv government Mtill paVB to the vicar* the same «ti|)enilR. The cUi'ijy of the present day, Itillcrly (wniplaiu uf the ugrcuiccut made by tbuse tu whoia they havt; Bucccedtxl." fpady xaid 'ind, besii ■l'..'lbs. IH I ♦ wenly-riv IraiisfiT of •novcablrs minor jiii|i P«y» « dul value, but pays ilic I, dred#r/,T/, more ill), i,|j fmni Ihat , percent, u 'he inen-ha more niiKJil ''K'llinR the total darkne I'lie «'X|i "wiufr iu (I reNpe<'tive n • lu' «'nptain or about |( The only «n<| Nilvrr f ""y <"HiHi« 'I'here ih (M-'hoolN lire in etouit; oi "''■'•iii«', ail miy exjM'iise ^i«k, hilt „ ^/toda dos i'liere ar»' ^tJi"»ra,;ii, Tliree /{ccoi 'ion of lUU- receive ft.|ii,( hut who»«.' e l>y tlieir rela '•cuts and M tlF.VIKW OF nooKS 115 ready «ai»l, i» levied in kind upon I lie « stales in the interior of llie rnunfry, and, hesiiiet tlii<*, a duty ol' three liimilreii and twenty icis prr iinnhit itf I'Jllis. h paid npitn the niea* at the Hh.iinl)les, which ainimntM to ahoiil twenty-live per rent. I'ish pnysthe li-iith, and alterwardsa (illeenth. Kvery tran'' tenth, and is a^ain taxed at the moment of exportation six hun- dred rr/t /xt r/rroAn of ;)Vll)(i. or ai)out l}d. per pound. Notliin^ can he n)oreinjn)us, than lliisdouhle duly upon the < liief arlii le of exportation from that country to I'airope. I he duties at th)- cusioni-house are till' cii per (M'lit. upon imports, of wiiich the valuation is h-ft in some measure tu the merchant to whom the properly helonnH. Iler<', I think, fen per ( ent. more mi^hl he raised without Ih-Iu^ felt. /\ tax is paid at I'ernandxM o lor li^hlin^ the streets of the Hioth- Janeiro, whilst those of Hecifc remain in total darkness," Tin* cxiu'iiM'H of the provliiciiil j^ovcrnmnit nre f^ient, hut lliin in owiii^; to the niinilier of otlicerN, and not to the aiiioiiiit of their rcHpective HuliineM ; hence pecnliit ion, hrihery, ••f. The mdiiry of the cuptaiii-t;om'ral cd' i'ernaiiihuco is no more* than 4«000,UU() rm, or about IDtIO/. per annuiii. TliP only niaiiufaeturrs, of any iinportance, in Krcife, are ^ol«l and mlver IrinketN, and thread hi-e and enihroidery ; liut nom.* in •twy conNideralde <|uantity. There ia an exrelleni Heminary for prieHts at Olinda, and free- KehnoJH art* estnldiHhed in most of the Nniall towim in the eonittry, in NOUH! of whi<-h Latin in taught, hut, in nioKt, only rtadiii^, writing, an« for the si«-k, Ixit ail in iniHcrahle condition. Tin* i''oniidliii^ Hospital ( Hixdi ilos KnirritiulosJ is upon the inoHt lik-nd footing-. There are aliout tme hundred and fifty friars in Olinda, Recife, I^;uara«;u, and Paraiita; but no mum in the captain-^eneraUliip. Three Itei'olhimnilos, or lietreatH, f)ut 81. (is. He ili -n appliid to the vicar of his pari.h, requesting him to name some distressed pei-son to whom he should give the money." The inquisition never had an establisljment in Brazil, though several priests formerly resided in the country, employed as ita familiars, and persons held to be sinionuble to the tribunal were sortietirnes sent in confinement to Lisboui Tiie English reader will remenber with an honourable pide, that the total cessation of the power of the Inquisition in Brazil was stipulated for and ob- tained by Great Britain, in the ninth article of the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the two crowns, signed at ♦he Rio de Janeiro^ in 1810. Kecife has neither printing-press nor bookseller. There is a theatre, in which are performed Portuguese farces, but in a very humble manner. The prisons are in a wretched state. The most usual punishment inflicted, even for crimes of the first magnitude, is banishment to the coast of Africa. White persons must be removed to Bahia, in order to be punished with death ; and sentence of death cannot be passed on persons of colour, nor on Negroes, but in the presence of several judicial oflicers. The military establishments are much neglected. Mr. K. exposes the dreadful state of the convicts confined on the small island of Fernando do Novonra. Mr. K. had always wished to perform some considerable journey into the less populous and less cultivated part of the country, and, in the month of October 1810, an opportunity at length presented itself by which he might be enabled to advance as far as the cap- taincy of Seara. At fifteen leagues from Kecife is the town of REVIEW OF BOOKS. 117 Golana, at %?hich Mr. K. arrived through the valley of Merueira, the town of Iguarat^u, and some villages and hamlets. The hills* on each side of the valley, are thickly clothed with wood, and in the valley are scattered several cottages, banana-gardens, and mandioc-lands, with a large inclosed piece of ground, in which cattle graze. The ascent, on tlie opposite side, is very steep ; in the bottom is the long straggling village of Paiatibe, with man> dioc-lands and plantain and tobacco-gardens intermixed with the houses. The inhabitants are mostly labouring free persons, whitet mulatto, and black. The houses are built on each side of the road, at intervals, for the distance of a mile. The town of Goiana, one of the largest and most flourishing in the captaincy of Peruambuco, is situated on the banks of a river of the same name, which, at this spot, bends so considerably, that the town is almost surrounded by it. The number of the inhabi- tants is between four and five thousand, and it is an increasing place. The trade with the interior is considerable. In the vicinity are many fine sugar-plantations. Goiana stands four leagues dis- tant from the sea in a direct line, but, by the river, the distance is reckoned to be seven. " We dined on one occasion with the proprietor of the Musumba estate ; this gentleman and a few others, besides ourselves, dined in one apartment, whilst the ladies, of whom we were not permitted to liave even a transient view, were in another adjoining. Two young men, sons of the proprietor, assisted their fatiier s slaves in waiting upon us at dinner, and did not set down themselves until we rose from table. The owner of the place is a Portugueze — it is among this portion of the population, who have left their own country to accumulate fortunes in Brazil, that the introduction of im- provement is almost imiiossible. Many Brazilians likewise, even of the higher class, follow tiie Moorish customs of subjection and seclusion, but tiicse soon see the preference which ought to be given to more civilized manners, and easily enter into more polished habits if they have any com- munications with the towns." " The road between Goiana and Paraiba presents nothing par- ticularly interesting — the hills are steep, but not high ; and woods, plantations, and cottages, are, as usual, the objects to be seen. The distance is thirteen leagues. The city of Paraiba, including the lower town, contains from two to three thousand inhabitants. It has six churches and two public fountains. Here, as the ■ I r ' ;«i ^ 118 REVIEW OF BOOKS. houses are mostly of one story, while tliose at Goiana have onl/ the ground floor ; and a few have glass windows, n luxury only lately introduced at Recife. In the person of the captain or governor of Paraiba, Mr. K. presents us with one of the numerou* examples which human history continually aflbrds, of the chances of fortune that are presented hy the acquirements of education :— " His parents were respectable people in one of the northern provinces of Portugal ; he was placed at some seminary for th« purpose of being edu- cated for the church, but he escaped ''rom thence, and enhsted as a private soldier in Lisbon. One of tlie officers of tht* regiment in which he was en- rolled, soon found out that he was a man of education,— having learnt his story, he was made a cadet, as being of good family. He came over in the same ship with the Princess of Bra/il, a captain of infantry; married one of the maids of honour on their arrival at Kio dc Janeiro, and in about eighteen months, had advanced from a captaincy to the government of Pa- raiba, and a cominandery of the order of Christ." The prospect from the windows of the palace " presents Brazil scenery of the best kind ; extensive and ever-green woods, bounded by a range of hills, and watered by several branches of the river, with here and there a white-washed cottage, placed upon their banks, and thewe, though they were situated on higher spots of land, were still half concealed by the lofty trees. The cultivated specks were so small as to be scarcely perceptible." " The late governor, Amaro Joaquim, brought the captaincy into great order, by his necessary severity. A custom prevailed, of persons walking about the town at night in large cloaks, and crape over their faces; thus concealed, to carry on their irregular practices. The governor, not being able to discover who these persons were, gave orders one night for the pa- trole to take into custody all who were so dressed ; this was \{&Jtdalgo, a nobleman, this mode of punishment could not be practised upon him. The governor then ordered that he should be flogged upon only one side of his body, that Im^dalgo side might not suf- REVIEW OF BOOKS. 119 fer, desiring Nogueiia to say whicli was liisyit/a^o side. He was accordingly punished in this manner, and alWr remaining sometime in prison, was sent to Angola for life. The city of Paraiiia still enjoyed the good elftcts of Amaro Joaqiiim'!* strict government." In returiiin;; to Goiuim, Mr. K. passed through Alhandra, an Indian village:—* "This village is not so regularly built as many of the others which I have seen ; insi<-ad of a sijuare, with liousett on each side, it is built iti streets, and though the s(|uare is preserved, still it is not the principal fea- ture of the place. The Indians of Alhandra, from their vicinity to (J uiana, which is distant about three leagues, are nut so pure us those further from a large town; they have admitted among them some mamatuios and mesti- zos." Mr. K. had hitherto tmvelled in company with a Portugueze gentleman, Senlior Joaquiin, hut his companion not being dis- posed to go t'urtlier, he was now left to proceed alone. He now purchased three additional liorses, and hired a guide for the Sertani *, who was a white man of the country, and two Indian lads of about sixteen years of age. " On the 3jects considerably, and for this reason it is necessary (hat a ship should make for it from the southward. The entrance to tlie reef of rocks, whicii lies at some distance from the shore, also requires tu be known, so that altogether tiic port is a difficult one. The river is very s-afe, when once within the bar; the water is deep, and quite still, and two vessels might swing in its breadth ; but it soon becomes shallow, and in the course of a few miles is greatly diminished. 1 should imagine that six or seven vessels might swing altogether in the harbour. The bars of rivers that are formed, as in this case, of sand, are, however, not to be trusted to, without good pilots, as they soon change their depth, and even their situation. When the tide enters, the northern bank is over* flowed about one mile from the mouth of the harbour, and spreads over II considerable extent ut ground, which, even during the ebb, is always wet and muddy, but never (onies sufTicicntly deep to prevent passing. The governor w;>.s raising a road over this piece of land, and t!ie work was then nearly half finished. '^I'he new road would be about one mile in length. The captaincy of Rio Grande is subject to the govenior of Pernambuco, and those of Paraiba and Seaia were fornurly in the same situation, but iiave o! ate years been formed into independent provincial governments*'." The few inhabitants of the Sertani are exposed to great bufftT- ingH from dr}' seasons. Leaving Natal, Mr. K. reached the Lugoa Seca, or Dry Lake:— " We remained at this place during one entire day, and the next morn, ngset olf, intending to sleep at a hamlet, called Pai Paulo. We rested at mid-day near to a well, and in the afternoon proceeded. Wells are gene- rally formed in these parts by digging a hole in the ground, to the depth of two or three feet, until the water appears; if a person in the neighbourhood of one of them, who takes water from it, should be nice about these matters, a fence is made round it, but if not, as is oftener the case, the well remains * It were much to be wished that travellers in Brazil would forego the idle use uf the viordt governurt and princes iu their descriptions of that country. The governments, as we have serii aliovc, are either captaincies or captain-ge- nrruUhips.— Rt.v. REVirW OP BOOKS. 123 nprn, and tlie cattle conic down to drink at it. These pits or well* are called cafimhits. 'Ilie grass was burnt up, but still lliere was plenty of it. In the aftiTiioon we passed over some stony ground, — ii was the first I had met with, and it was very painfid to (he hor-ses which had conie from the sandy soil of Fernanihuco; but we soon filtered upon a long tiiougl) narrow plain, l)our>ded by brushwood, over which the road was clear, and the grass burnt up entirely un each side. We overtook a white man on foot, with twelve loaded horsex, and a very small poney which carried a saddle; the loads were all alike.eadi horsecarryingtwoskuisorbagsof some kind of provisions. I was much surprised at the circumstance of this man having the management of so many horse*, because generally, the number of men is nearly e(jual to that of the beasts. I observed that his horses be- gan tospread upon the plain, and seemed inclined totaketothe brushwood; / called to my guide to ride to the right, whilst I i'(l to niakf tlii* ji)urn«\v ab>iol(itrl) to »avf the livrsol his family. Triu- it \>, that I c i>t nut ti» he ronsidfrcd i\* wo nhould |--rv>niof hit siltialiiM) in Kuropt'; liki* miwl olthcNC |M'ti|)li', h<" had Iweu (nun his infafuy «laily acni^tomrd to what nu-n in a more riviliicd state woidd at'coiml vrry great hardnliips. " The (ilpf the toes are placed; there i« a rin^ of le.il her round each ancle, throngh whit h are drawn and tied twi» thongs, •.Oiicii piocwjd from each side of the hinder part. These arc till- shoes of the Kra/ilians, who live removed from great and improving towns. Julio was now proviied with a pair of tiiem, else 1 hardly know lu)w he couM have proceeded. " We halted at the place appointed, upon an immense plain ; the grass was all gone, and even the hardy trees, the acajn and niangaba, seemed to feel the want of water, for their leavi*s had begun to fall. The two partiet took up their stati(ms under separate clumps of trees ; but upon these plains, the tret's scarcely ever grow surticiently near to eacli other, to enaiiie tiie traveller to hang his hummock between two of them. '1 he poor horses were taken to a dell at some distance, to try to pick up what they could find, that had escaped the drought and the traveller. Our allowance of water was not large, and therefore we were afraid of eating much salt meat; ve did not pass the night coniloitably, for the wind rose, and scatteroil our files, nor did we sleep much, and at lour o'clock the horses wer»' fetched to give to each of them a feed of maize. One of tlu-ni refused to eat his por^ tion." The pnrng-rapIiH below continue tiiis description, uiid bring us acquiiiated with the shrubs iVrciroan*! ^'co : — "The following day» we |>rocecded again in the . i...c manner. I had by this lime fully er.tcrcd into the custom of smoking early, and as we could never get any thing c«>oked until twehe o'clock, I found that this prevented any unpleasant sense of himger. My people could not have any thing to eat early, as it would have caused delay ; therefore it would not have been proper for me to show a bad example. I had become very intimate with my friend the major— he learnt from me that we had horses, ond cows, and dogs, in England, and he liked me the better for this; at first, he wondend how it ha|)pcncd that I could ride: he thought I must be an apt scholar lo have learnt since I had gone over to Brazil. He was also much surpri/.cd to hear that wc had churches in England, which he had never understood before. He said he should not believe hencefor- xvards that the English were Pagoens, heathens. I told him that one chief point upon which our religion dilTcrcd from his, was in ours not enjoining IIKVIKW Ol' DOOKS. 125 Qi to conresi \ he (hoiight conrciitioii u grrut aiitioyniicc, but h>? could not Hotihl its proprifly. •' We ri'aflit'«l another «lirty pool or well of water in the rWer, which we hii'l UKniii iroMed *everiil liinrt. Oiir rrsiiiix-place at mid-day aiTordtii no ithfller, rxcrpiinpt what rnuld he ohtained from one miiall ihriih, which was ill fidl leaf. The Icuvch or hrunches of it reached to the ground. 1 hy down upon the Hund, and piiosed to ilie itnn. I wa« aitoninhed at the appearance of this shruh. Tliere arc two kinds of trees in cvrluin parts of the Sertam, which are called i'ereiro and Yco; both seem to flourish moil when the s nsons are the dr. est, and both arc pariirnlarly dati^erous to horse* ; that i^, as they do no mischief to tiie wild cattle or wild horses, they may be s(ip|io4ed not to possess any pcrnicions cpialitics, if the animals which cat llu'ir leaves are not overheated and fatigued ; the latter of these plants kills the travellers' beasts, and the former has the eH'ect of appearing to produce intnxieation, and stMoetimcH also proves fatal. The major said, that this part of the conniry ahotnided in these trees, and conse(|uenlly onr horsei were tied to those around ns, and to each was given a feed of mui/e. The plant, of which I have spoken above, was very beautiful, the green of itit leaves was bri|^hl and healthy, and I afterwards saw many more of thcni upon this travfiia, or crossing. I particidarly observed tliem on this truck, of country, as other plants had lost all appearance of life." ' !■ .^■ -.•»■■■ J or the waii(lt'riiii;s of iiniiniilK cinrin;;; llioso iii}iox|>itiible sfUsoiiN, the buhjoiiiud is an int»'i».';^n inconvenience— REVIEW OF BOOKS. 127 my spirits were kepi up by the necess'ty I felt of keeping up those ofothers. John was not quite well, and this made me uneasy, as it was as much as wc could do to carry ourselves ; indeed, had any of the party fallen sick, I know not how we should have proceeded. " The next morning, about nine o'clock, we reached a well, to our great joy, but, fortunately for us, the water was so bad, that we could not diink much; it was, as usual, dirty and brackish, but of the first draught I shall never forget the delight; — when I tried a second, I could not take it, the taste was so very nauseous. On looking round, we saw some goats, Julio went towards them, and then discovered some fowls, proceeded a little farther, and found an inhabited cottage. He came and gavt us the joyful intelligence; wc determined to remain hear to rest, if the people could give us any hopes of food for our horses. I found an elderly woman and her two daughters in the hut ; the father was not at home. The old woman seemed quite astonished to hear that we had crossed the Seara-Meiriin ; she said, she did not know how soon she and her family might be obliged to leave their cottage, e had. I li»- .tcnded to accompany the Major part of tiie way to his home, or the whole, but it was necessary that I should be guided by circumstances, — by the accounts we heard of the state of the country; we advanced in our usual manner, resting more at mid-day, traversing a dead flat, and passing two or three Faiendat, or cattle estates, each tlay, of which tbe live stock was l(X)king very miserable, and the people iialf starved. "After being with the Major four days, since we had left the Seara- Mcirim, I saw that it would not be prudent to proceed farther; the accounts from the interior were bad, and we arrived at one estate, of which the cattle were all dying, and the people intending, if 'here was no rain very soon, to leave their houses. L now judged myself to be distant from the coast not less than two hundred miles. We had advanced northward and westward, and were therefore not far to the southward of A^u, bu . were to the westward of it. I now resolved to make for it, for my horses might fail, and all the country was in so bad a state, that we might not have found others in a proper condition to uo on with us ; in fact, as I was not acting from orders, but merely for my own amusement, and as the guide was afraid of ))roceeding, I did not tiiink I was luthori/ed in persevering; if! had had orders for the purpose, tiie case would have been altered, and I must have run all hazards. Here, also, desertion was easier in the night, as the country was comparatively inhabited towards Acju, — ^Tiie difliculty WH': in advancing, and not in retreating. " I'lach cattle estate has a tolerably decent house, in which the owner or herdsman resides, and usually a few smaller habitations are scattered about upon the plain around it. The pens stand near to the principal house, and enable the travellers to distinguish immediately, although at some distance, the site of a Fazenda." In these thinly-peopled legions, the want of religious ministry would be severely felt, were it not for what we are rather surprized to find Mr. K. calling " a strange custom." Where is the essen- tial difference between what is here related and the itinerant preach- ing and praying of protectant ministers, and the travelling priests of 'Aa persuasions } •* I heard of a strange custom existing in these parts of the country that arc so thinly inhabited, which arises from this state of things. Certain priestf obtain a licence from the bishop (of Pernambuco,) and travel through these regions with a small altar constructed for the purpose ; of a size to be placed upon one side of a pack-saddle, and they have with them all their apparatus for saying mass. Thus with a hors;; conveying the ne- cessary paraphernalia, and a boy to drive it, who likewise assists in saying mass, and another horse on which the priest himself rides, and carries his own small portmL.iteau, these men make, in the course of the year, be- tween one hundred and fifty and two hundred pounds — a large income in Brazil, but hardly earned, if (Jie incoaveoiences and ptivatious which tJiey must and erect t to pay for i (uw siiillin or has a fit reis, (two t are receiv"< horse, ortv if this custc of the reac^ not be able reniembeivi aome parts; any thing is preserve the oftheestabi make any of conform to r From Ar is thirty leaj leagues, ace K. had pei iinmber of ii hiKidred. converted is chiefly rei have been m Indian natio whether froi moral featnri Mr. K., or those birdrt naked countr 'T Mr. K.) described on In North An £urope we hi " We enterec a species of ost Jogs let off afti Vol. JI.— K REVIEW OF BOOKS. 129 Uiey must undergo to obtain it, are taken into consideration. Tbcy stop and erect the altar wherever a sufficient number of persons who are willing tu pay for the mass is collected. This will sometimes be said fur three or four shillings, but at other times, if a rich man takes a fancy to a prie!ounds,) and it does happen, that one hundred mil reis are receiv'i for raying a muss, but this is very rare ; — at times an ox or aa horse, or two o ' three, are given. These men have their use in the world ; if this custom did not exist, all form of worship would be completely out of the reach of the inhabitants of many districts, or at any rate they would not be able to attend more than 'Jnce or twice in the year, for it must be remembered, that there is no church within twenty or thirty leagues of some parts; besides, where there is no law, nor real, rational religion, any thing is better than nothing. Tiiey christen and marry, :ind thus preserve these necessary forms of religion and prevent a total forgetiulness of the establisherS rulm of civilized soci. ^y ; a sufficient link is kept up *o make any of tl'.ese people, if they removed into more {lopulous districts, conform to received ideas." 1^ r^i From Aracati to Seara, or Villa da Fortaleza do Seora Grande, is thirty leagues, and from Seara to Nutal, one iiuiidred and sixty leagues, according to the vague computation of the country. Mr. K. had performed the entire journey in thirty-four days. The iiumber of inhabitants ofSeura is estimated at a thousand, or twelve luKidred. In this neighbourhood, Mr. "*'., found three villages of converted Indians. The Indian character, as drawn by this writer, is chiefly remarkable lor its agreement with the observations that have been made upon it in all other parts of the continent. The Indian nations, undoubtedly, comprize a diversity of races ; but, whether from biinilarity of situation, or some other cause, their moral features have every where a remarkable uniformity. Mr. K., on his return, shot an antelope^ and fell in with one of those birds which nature has made the inhabitant of wide and naked countries. The Emeu, or Em^ or Cass<>wary, (written Etna ^y Mr. K.) is a species of Ostrich, fatmthio caauarisj hitherto described only among the birds of Amboyna and New South Wales. In North America, its place is supplied only by the Turkey. In Europe we have the Bustard :— " We entered upon a plain, and now for the second time I saw an ema, a species of ostrich. Motwitbstanding my attempts to prevent them, the* dogs set off after it, aod, much against my iiKlination, I was gblij^vd to Vou Il.-No. III. S ■ < L ii '1' I MO wr.vtrw nr nn»»tt««. wrtil itnlil Mm'Ii- tvU\Y\\. 'Mir Mnl vrtu i-vi'«- ItMviim III'- |\n*(in«r Thi* finn^ t»(H«ltl|» Ui*- rtrH- •'^1 li«M-<. I hi>«i>|imi tiftl\ci'm' \\hW\s «r«rt\v \v;h ;Mlnik iiti-y j IU ht'lRlit, iti« Iniiinn Ww unK. wlui li \Vii« \i'i\ \oc^i'i>;M K. nnil ii lunl llxM :\|»n«';n!»hrt< M llH ilult), wItiMi rtl ^itnu' ili'dtitrf. 'Vhr S'li \nri<« l ttiMH"'. flif plili i»l 1iHIii» Inxidr tif ill*" Wiilrt^. «ii'l '•> >' «•> H(i'<«r Mir \\ >|>|i»il, (lir l»«M(r« "Itlki* 0(1' "lirtci m»il wuiiihI llu'in I hnu' luv\ul n\;inv |Mi«|iii' '.w , »l);il wIkmi tm I'lun i< i-mtnlt( nniT ii l(i\til < \\!\\v. (he siili's iiic I'lMiiiil !o (rtiM«. it is nut iioprtlnliiM**. Tlii' IVittliPM ntr> 1'hr nulliiM*"* iiiriMint of tln> Hiiimn, rtnil it!< iiiliithitniit><, flir Sr»tmH:jo«, i« vnv l\tll t\nA riilritniniiitt. 1*lip M»lniiiii'.)v, 1»v tho irmrtinn ofri«»lMl iiti«iiitiMn, In wltich fltn llHV^ hip wt nt ilrrtrtin-t', »n \\\ i\\\\ tu'^lim-inv oc nnoromlurt ol'tlip iiinnislhiitB. A f»i\\uik«l»lo instmiri' is xiv»-n in tlir liistmy ol' tl' liiniily ol" llii' |\'it.>7H!«, ol w|>iili fitwiipiion, wcnitiy prisinuo. w»rrtlio PmillHtB. or fiw hootiMn ol'St. rmil. no troiililtKonif t») iho iu\jiUT»t HpioiiHli frpiiitoiy, mill Ro trnowiUM) in tlio |iist«»iy ol' Uni^il. On trm;liin|^ ho^riinuls Ht iJoirton, Mr. K. I'ounil lluii- town in A tiii'liuit lioly Mnli- I'mm tlu' msnrity ol' pwvi«ionH ; oop peiHon wtm oiiiil to liHvr %\\^^\ ol'linonrr. iuhI Mi-. K. «ng lolil l»y nil Hihitliiliint, thiit wviiiil tvspivt«l)|,> woiufn litui lin-n nt hin lionw» to Itoj* t\u flouf, niol olUMin;^ tT> \»\\\\\ tlirir n^tM oiiinntoiiti* topiornii^ it. I'lont Coinim Ml. K. hMlo to UiH'ilV. nii«(, »^i^;lit dnyw nlWr Inn nnivnl, Couiiil w- tM^Rion tomnki' n v.tyujio In St. I.nif. on tlu- inlniKl ol' MniRnliHin. n nwMV nortlinly nottU'ioriit on tlip ronst. St, |,ni>: ronlniim Iwi-lvf thooMOul M>nl(», i»v moiv, ol" whioli n mmt piopoi tion looHtstH in Ni-. gi-^^ei. 1( ttpptH«r8, Tivni n Mntniunt fiipplioil to Mr. K., that tli.' «x|H>rtof ootton fiMm St. I.niz oi MniiMihnnt Iwir iinit-nw o«' inniinrHitutrR in the i-otintiv t\iMm> not ronMnl to ovplnin. W'hon tlir lirni pn»r."l of totlon. «nrr «'\porhtl (nwW St. \m\v, wm nlu.nt to lio RJiippnl, h petition vns pioMMitTHl to tlif ( nmrtrrt h\ *v\vvn\ of ilic iti|in)titiito j)rniiitlo«l, li\st then' rIiouIiI I>o wunt vl' llF.VimV or D(»OKl| 131 the rotiimmlity r»tr iithriinl hhi». 'IIh> |M'li((iiii wiit iliMU'Kunhil ; mikI. I'lr «i»MH' y»'nrn, IVimii Hfty ti) ■nvMiify HutiMiMnl lmi(M, nl' our lnni)lii' I'MiiM III' lliiiril, ^ivillt• |ilii"i> Ut Kin ilf> .Iiuii'IKi, ()tilii)i« uimI i'VriiiiliililM'i*. Ili'i*', »■* ni tlir |iliiri- Ihm( itiPlitioiU'il. nil tlip vvilil iinliiummr |iitM(i>riMiH|y |l|||^ Imtli lii'liiri- hiiiI lii-liiml, hiivt' itrnmiiMuilly mihhiiI rwoii iiituii Ititiil Id IIii> iNliitiil of IVlti- niiiliiUOt Mitil riiitiltiiMi'il iti-|iri'ilnrlH, lo iiiiiiiliiitf »lii'f>i' |iio|ili'. Ill t.lii> H|Hint; lit' IHIO, Ml. K. itIiii'immI In Miigliitiil ; liiit, i-ii tlif> l'nlllill^; nil III' wiiid'i', whh iiilvmiMJ In reviiil llruiiil, llii' iiiiilivf of lumltli ilii'liitiii^ the iit riitiil viiyii|^i>, ii« il liinl (luiif tli«> t)r«t.| In tlif> il(>ACi-i|i fii>«-«>i-iiily iri'iitNdi' tiir ciiUiirr? (li'Hii^iir iitiil Cnltnii lu lliiil pHrtnl' HriiBil with wliii'li li« is Hn|Uiiiti(('il ; nn "'VUf Vrcc l'o|Miltilioiii" on '• Hliivery ;*' on Uie •• Iiiipoiicy ol'tlii' M|iiv»i 'I'lmlp;" „|„| „„ ttt» mf^rits ofilti' TrpAlii'9 brtwr^n (irnit nriliiiii and I'orln^Ml, sij^ncd HI tlio (l(> Jntiniro in lt4|o; uililiii^ In (lit> wlinlc an Apprndix, wliirlt cnntiuiis hccuiiiiIh (irnuinc vl■^^l■ttllll^ prndniiions of Itni/il. The sulijpfl of Shivery Iihb rnj^tin»'d iniicii of llifntlcnlion of Mr. JC. Up wn«<, for n shnri liiiM'« iIm' poxM-ssnr of n pUiitiition, imil t|i» ■ x --%ri t idi nnvimv ov nKA. itwn(>r iif aUvm« in IVnuiniliiuo, Ui%i«lr thi» fliiiM»rtii«l |ml>liRh«ii nii Kimy on the AiiHioiiitiiMi nl' Mhmn . il»« •m«' of tvhioh M|ip«>Hi-» lit llif hniil oi tlii* niticif, (X' our nulh<»r> view* u|Mtn tlimp poioi* wp nhiill nivp noiof? h«'vo»ih< ; Hn»l Ihr 1pnH ntnifiiM'nt ho hrtu inmh*, Ihiit lh«' bI«vvh of thiwi* ptiHHof \\n\'/\\ whirh hi» hml oppoilnnilirs of niMiiig, nrr imoit fitvounihly dihiiiUHl Ihnii tluwo of ihr Wcnl iii, yichliiiK to nit id|p iiinovntioii, hr pinpnfwi'n himnrlf, " ihp ('olniiihiiin tiolitmU.*' Hy otlipr pnnKiittffl, thr iiiiiilvri-lriit if>iiih (he nuthor to iiitnul soinr fiivoiniiljli* ililli'irnris on th«> xi«li> of llraxil, in thr coihliirt of nii«!«tri-!i, or in tin* liihour or tnnitntpnt of (lip aIiivpn; n <'ontiikiii^, iinlci'il, of thp Wpot tn«ltP!i with it liooniT of iniii^^lniition. aiiil of Itni/il timlci- tho rornvtion of itctuiil ttc(|ttitinliiii(-r, IMr. K, '\», doiilttlpoHly, nii ho Itotmys. ili«|H>(«Ptl to tiritt tlir forinpr with littlr ^l'lltlpn^•«^»; itiiil if ii«, withotit ()ttp!t(ion, to Itp rr^rtitrd, (hitt ^^il)^' in piwuPMion of K porsonitl kltnwlpcl^'p of 'Iip oiip cottittry. In* nhonhl liitvp pprinittpit hiittvplf (« (ou« h, without ttn pijtiitl t«liiin> of iiiformiitioii, upon (lip other; but dtp fttpts ooniutunirutiti l>y Mr. K. liiniHplf itrpsuHioipttt to «>Mivim>p U!«, (hilt thr toiulition of (lip Nonio hIuvp tnulor a !^ri(iHlt n)nK(pr is ttot no infpiior (o (hut of (hp snuip (|pfiprip(ion of ittdit idunl under i\ Portuguoxp timstPr, n« to iipppiiriinop, Mr. K. is «ii»|MiKpil to Itplipvr. 'I'ltp ruohnpmi, indiSHl, of nurittithor, in (lip luiinitpr in which hp puIHm's liintM'lf to pcho n'pn^iiphpR tvi(h (hp JM»ttcP or injuMicf! of whirh hp in confonupdly uiittcqutiintpd, would di'sprxT, |tprhHp!», to bp ppiiNurPtl iu hmiiher (pritiH (lian wo fwl dispoMHl to ptttploy ; »^n(pntv»l an tvp ««> (o pxprpnn our wiHltPH, thrtt tlu' s«nip iNindour with tvhirh hp Iihr obnprviHl \vlm( wn«« bpforp Itiiu iti Urn^il. httd lipcn pNtPit«lod to whitt ho hiui lipiirtl of the W'pst liidips. •* Tlip world," iMtys Mr. K., " him lipiird so luuch* «ud (n>ui so ntitny «pturtpr!«, of the ptiormltios whirh linvo bwn comiuiltod by ^lilve-owuol•s in tIteColonirs with which England hiu hud fitly I NniUNPIIIPI " / hm'f «prMrrfMp( u'ilh ntthn wlipflipr, I which hp \ Imvp mi id t lo punii in (lip llmt Drnttil tvhit Mr. K., •• i .'olouipR.'* " Tlip mm M'rvniHP ♦, J own priilit ; cniploy iiiiii Minin (hr ti^ nt (iiiy riilr/^ «/>i«if»H in (I M>( iipiirt ail il time which ia iniilntc n miin rioin llirt iitcM Mhicli hp can record in wlii rariicd gaiii rnlrrltlinul of ihpir f.ri»tfni'r." Tlin I'lnM'tii'ii* vf tliin r«'iiHr, A iVw lini'n hiHlirr, IVIr. K. Mui»i4ii(i«, '* / hm't fii *«iy« Ihiil in /frnti/, tim, iturh inthtncfn nf hnrhnrilff tre npifftfn of: ihul thry ih rxiil i thnj nrr, hnwuttr, nf rnrt DrrMrrcNiv; ihry nre iieMnm hmrd nf, atitl tire nlwiiyt menlhnrd with iil)h»rrenre." W'v niilMiiit ti» (lii> nmlcr jiMlMiiiciit of IVlr. K., wltPtlifr, liHil liin kiiowlcilK(> ol' \\w UVnt IndirH Im'imi fipMil to thnt wliii'li lii> p«Mii«>NM>M iif llrnxil, if iitiiy not Ih< ponHiMi* tlint Ii0 wniilil tiHVP miiil till' MitiH> tiling oi' tlin om«< m« of tlii< oflipr? To Pkniiiiiif tlip wltitlp «|iif!Ntinii rtii<*pil tiy oitr ntitlior, wr Hlinlti ill till* flmt piNrc, roll(*«'t tlumr r(>HtiirrR o|' liin iiccoiiot of ultivpry in Hrniftil nliirti iii'lfiiiK lo tlii* Ittin'r Niilc. " HInvcM, in llrii/il," mi) • Mr. K., •• linvp mnny lulvnhtiinfn ovrr th»»ir lirrthrpii in tli«' llritiHit ( loloiiii'B." \,vi »(• lirtir liow fur tin- iiNNcrtioii in Hnp|Hirtrf1 :— " Tli)^ niiinrroii^ holliliiyi or wltlili (lin Cnlholic; Hlnioti riijoiii* llip ob* MMvniHP*, ^iv(< to IIm> iiltivi> iiiiiiiy tliivN uf rt'iit or tiiiii* lo work lor hii Kwi) pntiil ; thhiifftrr of llit'np, ami IIm* KtiiKluy* lirnitlcK, hIiow liitti lo I'liiploy HUM li ol ItJH tioir tin lii' plniN*'^, I'Vw iimMi'rit iirr iiit liM»*(l lo t« - ilinin lilt' i'ikIiI of Ihi'ir fdnvfR to dlipoM' nf tlii'nr )ltiy*i ii^ llicy lliifik fit, or At tiny riilr/^ti> tliiro, u7»«» iiitcrvulN riiiiii work wliirli Ihc Ihw lini xiH apiirl an llii'ir own, llial tlii'ir livr The slave cnn nhlige hin miiitri to nmuumit him, on U-n- (Iri'inK l«> him Ihp Mini lor which Iip waR firfit purchaRcd. or thu pri« p for whicli he might bpwihi, if that price Ir hif(lii'r than what the rLivp was wurlli nl the lime lie wur liiRl ltniiglil'|. 'I his rrgiilntion, itke cxtry one * ** A I'nrluKtircR writrr iiiiyii, ' Uhrii iiFrinitiniiin wn* niTrn in l'ortii|cnl In work ii|ion irnvri'ttl of lh«> holiiinyp, tltv miinp wmi not rxli'iitlcil In lirH^il ttttm a |0'iiirip|p «>f liniimnity, llinl tlin nIhvih niiKlit nut he ilf|>rivr«l uf itiiy »f llirtr (layi of it'dt.'— (Jiiirrin HiBBilirniir, fnr Drcrinbrr, IHIa, |>. yoM." t ** III Uip inlunil uf (•reniiln " rvrry innninnliminn in by itn net of the i«liiii« F.dwai-tln' IliRtuiy nf iho Wrat liubrn, vol. i, p. .)ho. " At Surinnnii snya niiotbrr writrr, ' Si un muUre tnutitit qfnmcliir nan ei- X Mr. K., like to many otlirra; neciU infurinaliun rcitptxting the noturr and 134 iiiiviiiw or HOOKS. that is frumed in favour qf tluvcs, is liable to So rvadeJ, and the master Huinvliincs cUk-s rvlune to iiiaiiuniit a viiJuabli: slavt-; un:l iiu appeal i» inatlu by the (ufTurer, nwiiif; to the state of law in that country, wbich renders it nlmont impossible Jbi' the slave to gain a hearing ; and likewike tint acquiesccnco in the injustice of the master prcceeds Tnim I he dread, that if he was not to kucceed he would be punished, and that hiii life might be rendered more miserable than it was before*. Consequently a great deal depends upon the inclinations of the master, who will, however, be very careful in refusing to manumit, owing to the well-known opinion of every priest in favour of this regulation, to the feelings of the individuals of his own class in society, and to those q/' the lower orders of people, and like- wise he will Ik> afraid of losing his slave ; he inav escape with his money, and the master will then run much risk of never seeing him again, parti- dtirf, nulie la prrtf qu'Ufesnit de fnw 'iff!''!', it ''l"il riirorr ohlifji' tVtichF'ctfnTl rhrr rfpf Itttrto itffVanehiff, nfHit If.iquftten aunin vnir nt fmiii,iit ('/»v inihiiil Jam In ttlifgkm Ckritimnf, ni Aa/j/m*'.'— Voyiip;*' n la (iiiiHiia rl h rayrnni: cii \T»% ct annfVs (iiivantc*, p. 994. " DolinKbroke nays, ' It in by nu niraii* nii iinvninninn tliitif; in llirxi' cnlnnir* tor Nr|cro«i), wbcii thry bnvi' ari-iiiniiliitc known innny insliinccs of Nofrroct who poiil tlirir owikta u |iroportion of tlir piiii-Iiiiii<<-inmiey, nn«l wrrr nllow«- rcrollecleii that the * Voyage to the l)< merary' is deridcdly written iu favour of the iiluvr trade nnil of ulnvcry." * " The owner of asngar plaiitntion, w ilh whoiic sons I wan well aoi)iiaiiitrd, po«!ic%srd a sta^v, who haJ llir nianai;i-nicnt of the ongnr h<;i!ing house dnriug rrop time, and who waH nrronuird, liy all all vho knew him and understoo«l llie tiusiness, to Im> a most i-xrcltcnt woikniiin. This man arcumulatcd a sum of nioury, which hv offered to his niasti'r for his freedom, hut it was not ac- cepted; and although the slave made fcrcitt iutcrist with prrsons of ronsidi-ra- tion in the country, he could not accomplish his cn' he thought proper ; whether he would be heard or not was another question^ the object of restraints upon manumission ; an act which is capable of heini; tnadr the most injurious to the sUve and to society, as we idiall presently sec. •n the authority of Mr. K. himself, and as occurring in Brazil. * " The foiil lugresK lind Iml These remained for the tenth el require anv farf llEVir.W OF UOOKS. 135 ciilarly if tin* individual is acroole sIjvp. In gt-mrnil, tlRTrfi)v, no doiibtx uri* urged, wiivn appticatiun is nvidc for nuiiniiuis>>ioii by u slave to his master; who is iiuleed uAciilinu^i prepared for it liy the liabiti of industry and regularity of iiis slave, and by coniiiion report among the other slaven and free penons upim the estate, that (he individual in (|ue-:liun is scraping together a sum i>f money for this purpose. 'I'he master miglu indeed deprive the slave of tiie fruits of his own labour, but this is tiever thought of, hecutue the slave preserve^ his money in a secret place, or has entrusted it to some pen>«>n upon whom he can depend, and would culler auy punishment rather than ot in which his wealth lies con* cealed. A si ill mure forcible reason than any other, for the torbearaiice of the inakter, is to be lnund in the dread of acting against /)u/*//l- opinion, in the shame which would fotloxv the rommiisinn of'nuch an act ; and jht* liaps the natural gondness uhich eiisla in almi st cvcrif human being, would make him shun such gross injustice, would make him avoid such a deed of basein-ss. " A slave is ojten pennifted, bif hi.i owner, tosetk a master more to his liking; fortius (turpose a note is giv«n, declarini; that Hie bearer has leave to enter into the service uf any one, ujxxi lite price wliicli the master demands being paid by (he purchaser. With this the nIuvc a|)plies 10 any iiulividual of properly whom he may wish to serve; owing to iiuving heard a good report of his character towards his slaves, or from any other cause. This is a fretpient practice, and at h'ast admits tiit; possibility of cscajM* from u severe state of bondage to one that h less irksome. " A considerable number of slaves are manumitted at the death of their masters, and indtrd some persons of large property fail not to set at liberty a few of them during their own life-time. A deed of manumis- sion, however simply it may be drawn out, cannot be set aiiiJv.*; a rei^ister of these papers is preserved at (he office of every notary-public, by which any distiess which might be occasioned by the loss of the originals is pro- vided against, for the copy of course holds good in law. A slave who has brought into the worhl, and has reared ten children, ought to be free, torso the law ordains; but this ngulation is gcneralh/ evaded ; and be- sidis, the number of children is too great for viiinif women to be enabled to be benefited by it*. The price of a new born child is hi (•^0,000 mil- rets,) and the master is obliged to manumit the infant at the baptismal Ibnt, on the sum being presented. In this manner a considerable number of persons are set at lib«'rty, for the smallness of tlje price enables many freemen who have had connections with feiii; Ic slaves to manun"» M.eir oll'spring ; and instances occur of the sponsors performing iliis most laud- able act. Not unfrcciuently female slaves apj. \\ to persons of considera* * " The followiiii; circuinstaneefl uccnrrrd under my own ohsorvation :— A lU'grcsH had liroiiglit into the world Irii children, aud liad reared nine of Ihein. These remained to work for their owners; the woman claimed her frerdom, for the tenth child did iiol die until it had arrived nt an »gc when it did not require nny farther care from hrr; but it was refused-" 136 ItKVIKW Of UOOKM. turn Uiliccciiie«ponM»iM»(lifiri-liil( tliHr g, anil by othor IIUMII1. till* iiuliviihialH wliOKaio tht'ir rrccdoni aiiiiuull}' ur very minicrous. •• r/ie comt'tird vf itluvts in Jilfrreiil ailuulioHS are wiikli/ dmprnpo'- lioHUte; whilNt Honic urc iUmhiic'iI to uii rxiHtciHt* of vxctMHivc toil and iiiiwry, fruin the iialiirc of llifir ocriipaliuin uiul the cliaraclfnt of thuir tuattti-s, otlu-r* Uiul a t-oinparativciy tvwy lift*. " Maiitersarv pimishfii by the jiayiiu-nlof linw, for cniflty tnlli<-irilavi*!«, if anv ucaniiit of Hich bt'liavioiir hIioiiIiI n'acli thi- oar of tliv Ouvidor of tlir pmviiii-e ; but I iwwr lu-ur«l o( puiiikhnifiit liaviii)^ btrn curried fur* tlu'r thau thi» trilhiig inaniicr of corrirlioii. '!'hf einolinucnt!! which pro- ceiHl frou) lliiii lumh' of hasliNiug tin? oD'ciiilfr^ weigh heavily in il« favour; the injury whirhiiu- slave ha'< rfc»>ivee!i over their Ittvthren in the Uritish ColonieH;** mid we lire to sc«> in wluit niuuner this tuwcrtiou ih supported. I. It up|ieHrt«, that t>lavert in Uni/.il, have thirty-Jive Catliolic lioliihiys, exclusive of Sundays, as thiys ot' rest, or time to work i'or tlieir own profit. In Janiuicu, and generally in the other lii'itish Colonics, the shives are allowed tteentt/six Saturduys (one Saturday in every fortnight) exclusive of Sundays, and holidays at Christmas, Euster, and Whitsuntide, one day each; 80 that, under this liead, a difference of six holidays in the yetu* might seem all that is to he found in favour of the slaves in Brazil. ^. In Brazil, some masters, as must be inferred from tlie obser- vation, interfere with the right of the slaves to dis|M>se of these days ns they tliink fit. Any property which the slave can accumulate by his carnin;{s on his holidays, is, by law, the property of the niaiiter ; and the Brazilian masters are doubtlefssly under great obrig;atioiis to Mr. K., who has made the discovery, that the slave's privation of that property is ii«>^r thought of by those persons, (1.) " Afcnriae the slave preserves his money in a secret place ;'* or (•2.) " because he has entrusted it to some person on whom hf can dejiend,*' &c. That is, the mut^ter never thinks of RIVIBW OP BOOKS. 137 oil tnkiiif^ it away, l)«cauN«> tli« hIuvk umw every human precaution to Ivfcp it out of liiN rciirli ! 3. Ill Rraxil, " the hIuvc ran olili;^ liiH inuHter to manumit Iiiin.** Tliiit iuiimitaiit purticuliir, tl)ou((li here t.iuU:d in a po»itiv«! form, t«, ill u iioti* ill t\w Hiirroccliii^ pnii^t rtrpreM'tited ns doubtful. Mr. K. Iius nevrr wt'ii " » rojty of tin* law or retfuhition oii the milijt'ct," Hii«l, Itiit for a va<;u«* iindcrHtiuidiiig which hiirt>. Vnr any thiii^, therefore, that Mr. K. is (Miiibled to ittate, it in not true that in Rraxil, niiy more than in the BritiHli (^iii)nicM, ** the hIuvi* cnii oMi^t* hix master to inaiiuinit hitu." Only one of two thiiiiiH iH uiic-«rtuined hy Mr. K. ; namely, that either then* ix no Hurh law, or that if there iii such a law, it IH violutcd, mill yicldit no bfiidit to the Hiave; " it Iwing alinont iiii|iOHHiblc," ill Hruzil, " for u hIuvu to obtain a lietiriiifr." Whether .Mr. K. intends to intimate, uiia«*iiuaiiitr(l as he in with the Bri- tish ColonieH, that law iH of as little or le»ii authority in the British (^)lonieH than in Brazil, and timt in the Britiith Colonicti it is r(j«iilly or more " iiiiiiossible for a uluve t(» obtain a hearing," we arc not sure; but of llie raHliiicss and cul [table earelessnesD with whifli Mr. K. fan trtiit of the charartcr and conduct of his fellow* subjcrtN, we may judge from the vaguciieHS of his terms in what belongs to his i'uvotiritt; Iira/iliuus. iMr. K. is not sure that com- pulsory manuiiiissioii is any i>urt of the law of Brazil ; and yet he does not hcKitate to attribute the refusal of manumission, and the forbearance of appeal, to the " state of the law," meaning •* of the administration of the law." But Mr. K. superadds, that in Brazil, *• every regulation framed in favour of slaves ia occa Brazil over their brethren in the British Colonies. 4. In Brazil, " a slave is often pennitted by his owner to seek :i master more t6 his liking, &c. &c." In the British Colonies, the same indulgence is usually granted. 5. In Bhizll, " a consiUcrahle number o/ slave* are manwnUted Vol. 11.— No. Ilf. T 138 Rl'.VlLW OF unoK.s. Hi till- (U'ltlli of (licir iiiMHtfrM, uu«l iiiilcMl ituinff pertoiu of iNt-K* |>ro|HMly I'ltil ii»l to .««'! iit lihcrty ti tVw oi* tliciii during their uwit iilWliiiif." Ity (lit'Mt* wonli), um wt* u)»|tri'lii'n«l, tli(> mitlior iiiciin* ii(» iiHiri', limn tliiil many itluvri, in Itnuil, iic«|iiiii> tlifir Imuloni lln-hul)ly linil lo lie not unknown in tho HritiMh i'ohniicM. Of III*' |Hvnliur looting, iiowi>v«'r, upon whirh nnuiunii»»ion i* |ilucc«l in |{ru/.il, we mIiiiII |>r«>i>ntly M|u'uk m»\v «'X|MTitHly. 6, in I{ru/il, " a «U'ctary-pu)»lir, &«•." In IMr. K. pcrNUiuliHl that tho Uliorty ut' u uunnnniltrtl Hlnvr in U'm M*rurf in tlu; Hriliitli Colonit!.H? Tin* truo I'oundutionit of any really nupurior liu*ililn*a (>r utanumiwiion in Itra/il, art* howt'vorf an jUNt intiuiutvdi to be luoro ilitttiurtly pointed out. 7, In Ura/.il, " u Hiave, who Iuih brought into the worhl, uuil \m« reuixnl, ten ehihlren, ought to he free, for m> the hiw ordainit ; but Ihit ri'tfiihttioH is generally evaded ; and, bcHideM, the number of children is too great i'or nuuiy wonu'u to he henetitted by it," Thin atuteuient u nuule with eandour, unti adiU nothiuH: to the liitt ut* ** ndvuntugea of the ahiveN of Hnizil, over their brethren in the Hritish (]!olonieiu*' In ,lHuuucn, a ttlnve, who han sir ehihiren living, is not nuule freo, but exempted from labour; anil it will appear piitltuble, even to Mr. K. that nu>re wonu-n are likely to be benu« tited by this latter i-ei^ulution than by the former. 8, •• In Kni/il, ninstern are punished," wiys Mr. K. •♦ by the pny- nu'ut of tint's, for eruelty to their Hiaves, if any ueeount of Hueli behavitnir vliould reaeh tlar ear of the Onvidor of the province; but I never hviird of puuislnnent having; been carried further than thiiv tritlin^ mtuuier of eorreetion. The emolttmi-nts whieh proceed from this moile of ubiisti>inK tlie offeiiders weigh heavily in its favour ; the injury which the sluoe has received is not, I am a/raid, the only raN,tf which urges the exaction of the HtipulateU {K'uultj^; of this tjie slave thn^s not receive any part." In Jamuicu, persons who wantonly or cruelly wliip, uiultreut, beat, bruii«e, or wound any slave, or imprison or contine him with* out support, luay be indicted iu the Supreme Court of judicature. RRVIRW OF ItOOK!^. 1^9 Hnil rtnoii nr iiii|>ri«on('>l,or liotli, iih the court iiiiiy think proj'fi*; nnd no ithtvi*, iinilcr ii pniulty not h'Hii tliiiu tni pounclH, luiil not irxccrtl. inK tw«'nty, in to rcrcivcr more than t<*n hmUvn at one tinic, and tor oni> ufTtMin', nnh'H<«in thi* |tr<'NiMin> of |iro|K*r |N'rHonM, nor innr«' than (hirty-nim* hipihi'i in any tMiNi'. JuNtircM, rt'ciivin^ ** any <-oin|thrnit or prohahlf iHletlii^rnee, IVtnn any ilave or othi-rwiMS that any Nhivc it nuitihitt'ti, or conlini'd without NutTM'irnt HU|iport/' art* " «>ui- |iowfrc(l anil r«><|uirt'(r' to imiui! their warrantM " to any conNtnMt!, or(h'rin)( liini iinmittiutcly to procroil to tht* \Am'*' wla'ro NUch nlave in <>nnlin«'e made, a<■eordin^ to hiw," I'erHonx whoniurerln|f HhiveH, or eoniientin^ tlienio, are to he puniMhed hy line not oxeerdinubiin meeting, and the avarice of an Onvidor is neither ten)[)tcd to op- press the planter throu^:h malice, nor for the sake of i^nin by proM> cution, nor to wink ut mibconduct iVoni favour, or for the fake or gain by silence. /,..iiJifeiMiiX.siatfSib<- .'.-»:, 140 Rl lEW OF BOOKS. 9. In Brazil, " iron collars, chains, and other punishments of the same description, are made use of." In Jamaica, "a mis- chievous practice has sometimes prevailed, of punishing ill-dis- posed slaves, and such as are apt to abscond from tlieit masters, by ftsing round the ueck of such slave an iron collar, with projecting bari :r hooks, to prevent the future desertion of such slaves;" and *• such practice is declared to be utterly unlawful, and that no per- son shall, on any pretence whatsoever, punish any negro or other slave, by fixing an iron or other collar round the neck of such slave, or by loading the body or limbs of such slavo,/or any offence U'halsaver, with chains, irons, or weights of any kind, other than a hgh* collar, without hooks, to indicate that such slave is an incor- rigible runaway, under a penalty of not less than five pounds, n^r exceeding fifty*." 10. In Brazil, "the price of a new-born child is 5/. (20,000 mil' reis,) and ths master is obliged to manumit the infant at the bap- tismal font, on the sum being presented." In the British colonies, •' the price of a new-born child is stated by Mr. Edwards, in 1790, at 5/. Whether, in Brazil, the master is obliged to accept this 5um, &c. Mr. K. is evidently unable possitively to inform us. 1 1 . In Brazil, " Tl;e comforts of slaves in different situations are widely disproportionate ; while some are doomed to an existence of excessive toil and misery, from the nature of their occupations, and the characters of their masters, others lead a cc nparatively easy life." Would the British Colonies, in Mr. K. .; Qpinton, furnish, to one locally acquainted with them, a view less favourable than this which is sketched for Brazil ? Of the conduct of the owners of slaves in the latter country, his work presents us with descriptions, the colours of which he can liardly think would want deepening, to pourtray the planters of those British Colonies whom he attempts to make odious by tlte comparison. " Some planters follow the system of performing certain kinds of work during the early part of the night, besides making the Negroes work for the full usual time during the day ; — for instance, the whole of the labour * This and the foregoinp,' quotations are from the laws of Jamaica, reduced into one act, under the title of the Consolidated Slave Act, in the year 179?, and re-enacted, with amendments, nnder the title of an Act for the Protection, &c. of Slaves, in I809. REVIEW OF BCOKS. 141 of making the niandioc flour, preparing with the feet the clay for making bricks and earthen ware, also building mud walls; besides removing bricks, fire-wood, and so forth, from one place to another. This extra work is called quingingoo. I even knew of one instance in which the field labour was continued until twelve o'clock at night, by iho light of large fires which had been kindled in several parts of the ground. For this manner of proceeding there was no reason, excepting that it was the mastei's. plea- sure so to act ; for the season was favourable, and not so far advanced to have continued the work in the usual manner, and yet have accomplished the planting of the field in proper time. Of cruelty [ could say much ; but I have gone far enough, and must not enter into any further details on this part of my subject-" So, also, l;t speaking of the manners of the slaves, he gives ua a feature of the conduct of Brazilian masters and mistresses which we suppose he is not yet prepared to ascribe to those of the British Colonies :— " In towns, there is more licentiousness among the Negroes, as there is among all classes of men. The base, the abominable practice of some masters and mistresses, and of the latter oftener than the former, increases the bias which these miserable, these uneducated Leings must be expected to have toward licentiousness. Females have been punished because they have not increased the number of their owner's slaves. This is a fact; but it is almost too much to believe. On which side does the extreme of depravity lie?" 12. The comparison, or rather the contrast which Mr. K. at- tempts to institute, is sometimes equally unfortunate, we auspect, when he presents us with Brazilian virtues of which he appears to think that the practice is not elsewhere to be found. Dr. Johnson pronounced Goldsmith unqualified to travel, as the latter had pro* posed, in search of mechanic inventions, and said, " Sir, if he meets with a grinding-barrow, he will bring it home as a curiosity.** An equal novice, we should think, is Mr. K. who, at p. 427, nnen* tions, doubtlessly to the credit of Brazil, "an old slave who had been invariably well treated, because he had never deserved punish- ment." Nearly of the same description are some parts of the ao count of the favourable treatment exper»r»nced by the slaves of the monastery of St. Bento :— *' The provision grounds are never interfered with by the monks ; and when a Negro dies, or obtains his freedom, he is permitted to bequeath \ I !•: 142 REVIEW OF BOOKS. his plot of land to any of his companions whom he may please to favour in this manner. Tiie superannuated slaves arc carefully provided with food and clothing." Mr. K. cannot be uninformed tlitt this picture would suit theBri' tish Colonies rh well as Brazil. In the following e.\truct from the History of the British West Indies, we linve u luminous com- mentary on many of the topics iutroducinl by Mr. K.; — us, the propfrty of slaves— the lime nlloweti to tlieniselvcs — the provision- groundst &c. " In Jp.miiicu," says Mr. Edwards, " the Negroes are allowed one day in a fortnight, except in time of crop, besides Sundays and holidays, for cultivating their vounds, and carrying their provisions to market. Some of them find time, on these days, besides raitiing provisions, to make a few coarse manufac- tures, such as mats for beds, bark ropes of n strong and durable texture, wicker chairs and basketr^ earthea jars, paps, &c. for all which they find a ready sale ; but I cannoi: say much for the ele- gance of the workmansiiip. The most industrious of the Negroes do not, 1 believe, employ m ot siifiicient to provide for the re- maining days of the week, unlesit the giaiis of the slaves, on Sundays and holi- days are added; but the fltctt stated by Mr. Edwardt, in the text above, teem to be decisive at to the tufficicncy of tira** Another fact, alto stated by Mr. Edwardt, and rather insisted upon than .lispnted, is also confirmatory of the abundance of fond which is at least not uncommon amonfr the slaves. "It is reckoned," tayt Mr. Edwards, " in Jamaica, on a moderate computation, that not letH tlian ten thoutand of turh as are called head ncjiroes (artificers and others^ possess from two to four wives." Now, this practice of po- lygamy, however to be lamented under other aspects, is no sign of poverty, Mr. K. is indignant, even to a lost of temper, with the Assembly of Jamaica, for its ttatementt of the facility with which vegetable food it raited iu the tropical climatet ; but the best answc is contained in the statement above, by Mr. Edwards, and we may even refer Mr. K. to a passage in his own Tra> velt, for a representation which helps to give probability to what is advanced, both by the Historian of the West ladies and the Assembly of Jamaica : KEVIKW Of BOOKS. 143 derfut what numbers are there Hecii, hasteniiij^ from all parts vi' tlie country, towardn the t'/wns Hwd shi|)|)in|,^-iihic'eH, laden with Fruits ami vvgetHbles, pi^H, goHts, and poultry, their own property. In Juniitica, it is supposed that upward of ten thousand assemble every Sunday morning in the market of Kinjrslon, where they barter their provisions, &c. for salted beef and pork, or tine linen and ornaments for their wives and children. I do not believe that an instance ean be produced of a nuister's int.:-fering with his ne« groes in their peculiuni thus ac(|uii(.-(i. Thye are permitted, also, to dispose of what little property they possess ; and even to bequeath their grounds or gardens to such of their fel low-slaves as they think proper, 'j'hese principles are so well established, that whenever it is found convenient for the owner to exchange the Negro-grounds for other lands, the Negroes must be sutisHed in money or otiierwise, before the exchange takes place. It is universally the practice*.'* IJut Mr. K., though he n'ould persuade us that the laws re* gtdating the condition of slaves are more favourable to their condi- tion in Urazil than in the British Colo'iies, yet repeatedly ac- knowledges the frequent nullity of tlie effect of the laws, and eon- tinn:illy di-clares to us, that after all, the slave's best security, in Brazil, is in " public opinion ;" in the *' known opinion of every priest ;" in the " feelings of the individuals" of the master's " own class in society," and in *' those of the lower orders of people;" in ** the shame which would follow the commission" of a bud ac- *< The rapidity of vefiretation in Bra/il is astonishin);^. Rnin in the eveninff, upun a p(ooil «oil, will, by sun-ri!i«^, have i^iireii n |;i-trniBh tiiifce to the enrth, ivhich ia increased, if (be rain routinups, on the strnnd d.iy, to sproutx of prras* of an inch in Ienground of personal observation, as to what relates to Brazil, we arc surprized that he should have allowed himself to descend from it, and depend for his information upon others, as to what relates to the West Indies. That he has lived in the Portugueze Colonies, and has oot lived in the British ; that in re- RKVlliW OF nOOKS. 141 h|>#ot ni' the one, his imag-iniilioii hat; had an opportunity oF re^ leivtii^ «:oiTeotion from the evidt-nce of his 8t*ns«!8, and that in the otli<:r it, huH nut, are t-ircumstnnces which urc not tu be overlooked, while we listen to any part of thr> testimony which he offers, that *' shivc.s in liruzil have many advantages over their brethren in tho British Colonies." We uiit^ht (^o much more into detail in our examination of tho titatenients and reiisonings of Mr. K,; but we have exhibited th« spirit, both of his animadversions and of the answers of whicH tiiey lire suscoptible, and shall routine the remainder of oqy remarks to the three heads under which alone we are able to dis- cover any thintf entitled to serious attention, and where any real :>iiperionty of condition, in the slav«» of Braxil, as comiwired with those of the British Oilonies, is to be found. i)f Mr. K.'s pam» phlet on the " Amelioration of Slavery," it may be sufficient to ob- i«?rve, in this place, that it ohieHy |»urports to reconuucnd, for ap-» plication to the British Colonies, those observances which the au5 thor reports to be in use in Brazil. The three heads, then, to which wn purpose to reduce the more weijfhty part of Mr. K.'a representations and su'^tjt'stious, cnmpre? hend, 1. Marriage ; 2. Helit^ion ; and, 3. Cotnpulsory nianumis- jiion; and these we shall severally disiruss, thous^h in a reversed ()rting with the European emigrant to tiie United States, ivIr), under the barbarous name of redemptioner, becomes an in-r tieniurcd servant, for a term of years, in order to be rc'leemi4 from tlie consequences of his ilt-bt, contracted for the passage, lint the subject of this compulsory manumission is more grav« and more conjplex than Mr. K. appears to think. H^ tells us, ill his Travels, Hrst, that the uia^iter is obliged to manumit hi^ ;«lavi', upon being presented with the amount of his purchase-mo? niiy, or with that of the value of the slave at the time of the manut (uission. Subsequently, however, he confesses, that he has no rpal acquaintance with any Bra/|ltan law to that effect, and that froii) iircum^taucetuwithin his knuwi^rdge, nothing bt;t ^h« stutcnients Vol. II,— No. Ill, U \H \ •i .4 146 REVIEW or IJOOKS. he Ims heard rcspet'tin*^ Mich u law, would niuke liiiii Iielieve that it exists. Witliout as(iii!;; the truth upon this heud, Mr. K. cnntiuuully UHSUuies iti^ existcMice, aud tlien proceeda, both in his Travels and in his [lauiphlet, to call tor the iuipusitiou of such n law upou the ilritish Colouieu. For oursilves, we suspect that Mr. K. will KihI, xipon more careful iuipiiry, that no such law exists in Brazil; and that the only foundation upon which the mat- ter rests, is the prevalence of public sentiment in favour of manu- mission. The y^rounds of that sentiment it may be worth while to examine, in order to see how far they are of a kind to be applicable to the British Colonies. Theorists are continually satisfied to stop at abstract views, without reflecting on the influence, perpetually operating in Imman afliiirs, of a greater or less number of local circumstances. The injustice of holding a proprietor under a perpetual obligation to part with his property, whenever called upon, at its original cost, or even at its current price, is so glaring that we ouglit to wonder how it can have escaped the reflections of Mr. K. We know, that in particular cases, and under the authority of express laws, a com- pulsory alienatiun of property is ordained ; as, where a roud or a canul is to be carried through a landholder's estate; and we know the frequency of the examples in which such laws, enacte(i for the benefit of the community, inflict the severest private hardship. But let the cpiestion be put generally, tiiat every man shall be compel- lable to |)art with whatever he pt>sses8es, the moment that the origin lial cost, or the actual market price, is tendered to him, and who does not see the gross violation of the rights of property which sucii a system creates? Does the original cost, or actual market price of any commodity or possession necessarily constitute the whole amount of its value to the possessor; oris not the or«linary fact directly op- posite? And has not every proprietor a right to attach even an arbi- trary or fanciful value to his jjroperty ? ^\'e believe,, then, ti;at the manumission spoken of by Mr. K. has no foundation in tlie law of Brazil; but wc purpose to show, ^hat if it had, there would still be a wide diHerence, as to the justice and policy of such a law in Brazil and the British Colonies. As to the difl'erence ia the justice of the law, it is to be remarked, that the Stave Trade still exists in Brazil. It follows, that supposing REVIEW OF nOOKS. 147 t1»e existence of the law, first, the master purchases thp slave with the previous knowledge oi' the terms upon which he lays '-, ji I:i» money ; und secondly, that upon beini; ohlif^ed to munuinit hiti old slave, there is always a market in which he can purchase a new one. I'hen, as> to the public sentiment in favour of such nmnumis- sioii, let it be remembered, that this same sentiment is coupled with the continuance of the trade. The cler<;-y, whom Mr. Iv. describes as unanimous in favour of manumission, are also unanimous, as admitted by Mr. K. in favour of the continuance of the Slave Trade. The truth is, that in their reIif;iou8 view, the trade and the manumission are alike works of mercy. In the prosecution of the trade, as we shall prLr-eiitly more distinctly observe, they see the means of briuginij the heathen to Christianity. In manumis- sion, they sec Ciiristians made free men. "N\'e must not separate the manutnissioii of Brazil from the continuance of the Slave Trade in the saini,' country, nor omit to remark how the one, even in a private view, bears upon the other. But it is still more as a question of state policy that we should examine manumission, both in Brazil and in the British Colonies ; and iicre we shall [»robably find, tliat as the circumstances of the two countries are very opposite, so their policy ought to be opposite also, Bra/til possesses an cnli|;htenefl an»l ambitious government, and its geograpliical condition is such, that if the law supposed by Mr. K. does not in reality exiit, its existence might be recom- mended, provided always that it were joined to a continuance of the Slave Trade, and that it were made inapplicable to any slaves but those to be imported subsequently to the date of the law. In the actual state of things, and believing, as we do, that no such law has ever ex'stcd in Brazil, it is still easy to discern that the policy of the state directs the utmost encouragement to manumission ; a policy which, at the same time, is the last which is to be adopteil by Great Britain. We may cite, from the volume of INIr. K. himself, those views of the situation of Brazil which dictate the policy to which we ollude. " The insufticiency of the population of Portugal," says our author, " to the almost unbounded plans of the rulers of the kingdom, has, in all probability, saved her South American pos- sessions from the dreadful contests which art: to be apprehended in Ud RT'VIEW OF ROOKS. thf lU'i'^hbourinc; SpHni»h C!nloinps, bctwci-n the oreoli- white inha-' bitiints mill thow of tnlour*." " In the l'oitui,'iit/f SoHlli Ame- rican thitiiisiouR, ('iiTiiriistniKTH hiivc (Iiiw1««l that thrre shnnhl In- U(i (hviHioii ot ;"iist8. Tliat this wan not intcnch'd hy the inotht-r I'oiihtiy, hilt was rather suhinittc«l to JVoin ncnWity, in to he ditt- roveri'd in some lew re^uhitioiis , wliich j.lainly show, that if l*or» titt»iil couhl havi; prem-rvtHl the Hn|)fri«»rity of the whites, she wonUI, an well as her iieiijhlKMirs, liave estabhshed laws for this imrpose. The rnkt-s of Brazil wished to rolonize to an unlimited extent ; but their couutri/ did not possess a population suflicienllij numerous for Hicir magnificent plansj; ." Here, we venture Ic say, is, cr ou^lit to be, tiie I'onndation o'. ihe pjliry ol" I^-a/.il, now cspeeiully liiat the coui'try ?f* erected into a kiiisj;(Iom, and he«'onif tlie nutropohsof tlic iSovcuijrn, Its oopniati ^ll is ns scanty as its area is vast, and Vor- tujj;al iainsufJicient to supply the delict. IIen«-e the wisdom of every Uttenpt toexalt the nuik t>rtlic "oKmre*} inhabitants — of enconra;j;iii<; tiie Slave Trade, in order to snpp!\ the material of a popniation, i.nd of Cncouraginaf miiniunission, to ;razil, ns the means of bringini^ souls into the cliurch, is to be viewen of hlitves may be snppobcd to interft-c. Bnt acrainst this inconvenienee it shonld be a i'oreuiost part of the polity of .'le State to proviiie. While it encourajjes the ingress of new nihabitants, it ^^hould UK VIEW OF n()f)KS. Uf) b)0 numRmiiit nnunniiiHKiotift; iiiul mHiiinniKHioii niny In; rcroncili-d to |>riviit«! inf«!r<'stn, so lon^ns it is coiintcrlKilaiici'il by ini|iortatioti. It oii;>'ht to be, iis, to ii ^rciit extent, it ii|)|ii':ii-s tliat it is, ii mutter ol° iiuliii'ereiicc to tlic Bni/ilitui ^overlnllellt, what in the eohiur or ex* tnietioii of its |)eo|)U.'*. No selieiiie eaii he Mion? ^niiidi and nioru wise, more in <;«!>tiisteiiec with what philanthropy desircn for thendvancement of the world, than thatoi' peopling liraxil Iroui ainon^ the Imrbarons nationu of Africa, with such additions as the House of iira^aii/a may be aide to draw from Portugal. V\ itii respect to the liiitish Colonies the cpiestion is essentially diiferentt The more the structure ■■>( society in t'vj Colonies of the Crown in the West Indies, is assimilated to that of the possessions of tlie East India (^^tmpany in the opposite heniisphere,'-^thut IS, the smaller their resident fr«e |mpuluiion — the {greater their political security. Nothing; can (h; uu)re in unison than that which ou^Iit to be tli«; policy «»f the British government, and that which constitutes the views of the British planters; ami :io- lliiu;^, there is little risk in advaiicinfi^, could be more incot.sistent, nt once with the interests of the Mother Country, and the rights of the Colonists, than that system of compulsory manumission which iVlr. K. so earnestly recouniiends. For the rest, manumis*- sion, as we have before had occasion to remind the reader, is an act which may be performed either from the best or the worst motives :— take C'U'C of tlie SRttlcinrat niiil multipticatinii of those that nrr poBsessrd a1. rciuly. Thcxe nIkhiIiI liiirc the must lihcral scltU'nit'iits placed luTure tlu iii, is the hoiinrileKR waste of iiiKirciipii'd lunds. * " 111 nrniil," says iMr. K. " tvrn the ti'ifliiiir rfi;iiIutions whicii ex. si n^aiiiet tliein [the peoiile Ria'.ely ae(|uainted witli a piirsi, whose eomplexion and hair plainly W m« II in !<<-< lie, nskiniT nlni^ >\\ vn<- \[o\\\ iji».iil»i> ol ilx town, .in< tl iinil »li>«MMtl, Mtiiif nl iIh-m' jm imihi li.i\r |io II ^1 .\('^. .111.1 whric, li.Mii iiiniiiiilv, (111) l»;>v«» lirnnrmlnnl ii-i Ir^n. Ihi-ir i«.>'t<'i^ ^;>^<' "f.fium.Wi/ lln-m ; nml tliii', luiivi liiiiu.l ivcn, l.» %tiUA»\ in llioii olil ni'i'. .'' II. rl«v. irmiini l«i> otIin«ii\l>n. uilli u «|n rl In whirl) o\iv o'nniKiis lire li's nt Mniiiim' !it Imtltim, nilli lIlKs of Ml. K .. (Ililil >< itil l( "-iKi I lit ||>,|( \\\\\i II «(• lillM' jll'^( (llMlllisMi (I ; h\\{ wlinh, \u \( illii In--. :»h|»v;m- !<• if 1i' \»' ( luluilTiisHnl xutli inoii' • liffioullM'* t!i;ii\ Ml K |innii(s lillii •( U" 1<> '^n' ; (!ir.i lire, "Milllius;!' < luon' i,nii i:(l iiitu'iliu lion ol" umniii;;t' mnoii._; nn« ( 1M iCioii. TM. tho iklmr'* in '.In lMi1i>.li i'olonir., mu «^r l'ol\t;'*"\\. l-" .'li\ olijit'l i>|' iiiniirllilii il liirlit ilMil iiii|oil- l « ousi'niu'iH nitoli toll I nml "f «l»llt r \\\\\\ tMiv aiillior onlv in riiv I'-tiiimtr of ll n< o<" tlu' Miiiiir \\IikIi h (o I>i' i\(t,irli<'.l 1o tie ( "oloiiiK(>, 1. nniou iho tlrnnr in wlin li i( \i ( \< iiuiiiix to 1 ((' i\i'«'i< i)i|ili>«|i('il. Alf. I'M- wiun Is lins '■:ii\\n'<;iHy jinvnils \ A I inn, IS nlHo \fi\ p-in rally a«lo|>toil siiniMU; the iS« i;ro('s in tlu-XNi'-l Imlics*; iiinl li x\lv « »'onc( ixrs r, is utlnlv iimioisiuI of tlirii- iiianni is, jMoprnsitirs, iiinl »ii- ]>oi>1itions." Mr. K. rvpnssi's liiinMH" vt'lu incnily on this pns- *;\i:^', «iul il^l^^ wlulluv llu' itmI ohsdn Ic iIoim not iio ill ii ilin- n '^ani of tlu' jiiiu'titc on tlir |iinl ol' iiiiist«M> As I on R "■' \hc work." lu' iuhls, "IS ilonc, littl<> else is t!iouj;lit of. \\ hire llu' intrnsl of tlu* niiistti," hr siirciislinillv iuKU, *• in roiui'iiirtl, thr • manner., pwpnisitirs, mul sapors', it ions, will soon no ovn- For oni>olu>s, wi- «iiini.>t avoid h.'lifxin^;, that it may 00I1H\ I) K' much I asior to govoni a sla\o upini thoso pomis wlinji im- mov hMvU V ronoorn Ins ma-it ri s hnsinos'*, than npon tliosi huh not havini; that tliirrt roniio.ti.Mi, ln' will think ihiil ho is v\\- litloil to ironlat*' for hiiiistlf. Donhtlossly tho shno (wJuitoMr • Uo liKvo n'in:nk< .1, in n nolo ;iliiliirf't| m u «itiiiiliiiii to uliirli no iiiiliiriil iiKliti* iir, lll■l|Ml)'■4l'lll^ llir iiiihI ninlih iii llin jimtirc ul lliiwr in wliiili Iim iniixli i'm lulni'sl H iiiii-'l ulivmiiM. I'liillin, \sv riiiiiiol n liim' In tiiMli'i'Mliiinl. lliiit III! |Miiiliii> III' |iii|\ '^iiinv lii'MiM, iiiiivi'i'ni(l in AIVmii, it Mill III' iiiiiiiiliiiiMil, iiiiii'KM lilt' iiiilMrs III' lliiit «'iiMtitiv> mill ti'iiiiMiiiilli'il til Jinr iIihi iihImiiIi, in tnniii rlimi uilli |Im> luilivv lllillilii l<4 Mini irlii;iiMi, tiiiil i'IiiiImjiIiiI iiiitv willi iliHiriilly. In ri'illil\« till- milijrit miliit'lly iiiMilviil in lliiil ulinli it h In I'lilliiw, litiiii rlv< the iiiMliinliiin nl' tlir nIiium in ( 'lniili!iiiit\ ; iiiul il' tl IITI? IH iiniillirr irsiiniiT linn tliiil nl' ii tli>r <;/' ri'li;« miliiril, Ijir \,\\\^ nt tlir \\ liili-N. \\ f idmiHi' lIliil it |M '.(iilcd, III till' i'\ I It'iH'i' ;;nt'i liil'iirr H ( 'iilll- llllltir III' till' I ItlllSi' III 1 'iillllliuil'< nil riilllM|iii|iillluil, tllllt II II llH'U iiiiiM< to riitcr mill niiniMi;' , wlm li Inid Imimi i'X|irririM'nl iinioii|{ (III- roiiVHts :it Nrw Sniitli W'liln, liml, ill |iiirt, hn ii M\nfoiiM' l»y llii- iliMtrilinliiiii III' ir\Mii(l'4 mill i miri ■'^mii nl' iiilviiiilii'^i's to lliosi* <> lio iiiiii'iA , i\ii iniiliilinii III' lliit |iiiiiliit' w 'tTtitiiilv witliin llii; nil II III till' iiiiiNtf't III' h1iivi'4 III till' I nluiiii-*, mill it H ti'ilmiily ( iillsisti'ill «l III ll ii'ir inhirst. At tl II' NiiiiH- tiiiii', ill ) all iiliitiii^ it» I, «!' Ill II' iml to liiiCi'l, tllllt in tin- r,ii.',li'^li (iiiivirtH || icrc WfH! Ill) |in'jii(lii'i"4 III riliK'iition to ii\i'i. HUM' ; tiioi'iiiitly incti'iul, iimii is no mIuii' without iciii;inii ; it isuiiu III ills iiatuml wauls ; tht'it' in no <-oihIiIiiiii ol' his cxislnirc ho riiiltj hill hi' ivi iiiiliil^cil ill it; mut, in all, it miuifitcrs to hig virtiM-H ami to his Imiipimss. Thi' AlViLaii was not withont religion, with. out liH B"*^^ IIS (Ticil, his worshij), and Iiim iiiu'sIh, oh Iiih ow I il •idu ut' tliu Atluiitic ; niui nut tliu Uuut uf tht' Imrdslnjm atU'iiiljii^ I.Vi in \ I \ W Ol' l|(liH\ H. Iit« iiMixnnl mil) Rrpinulntit U\m\ il, w tlti' iiltNi mr mI tiilltNi i,>«hiuii«« iin plnrc it( Htrxi' hIiiMiIiI I«' xM|«|»l|i>ii, MItll )'«)>IV tttntMi' i)iiiii(r« tluti till' mIimc •I'.iuilil Itf Ituiulit llii' irli(iii>u ol' lii^ nuiMn. UiH Mi> (III riw )«tirilti»« ht«r , UN Il I M»l » III HlM/il, Illlll lir'«in II Illlll III I "iiHiili T, 111 lirliiir, llie iii«(iiiiil ill pi iiiliMiri' III till' piiiln. " All iliMi'*, ill liiii^'il," Niitn •Ml". K.. " loll""* till" li'llUliill III illlll liiiwliln;" Inn. Illlll ' \l lii«t H tlml iili iimi ' 1 I'l 11" Illlll il" I Illlll '.f ill nil III III Ml. K. '• All «l.Hi>« III Hl.l/il lolliii> till' li'luimil III ll|i M |||;|4||'IM Illlll nillMilll- i.iiiiliii)l till' iiupiiri' «iiiii* III ^ilii'li ilii' ( liiiiiiiiii rliiiirli <'\\M* III iliiU llllll\. villi •III II III* till' III lll'liirlll I'lliiN III lIli- I 'lll|Vti:lll li'liuiilll, lllllt llioKi', ii« iiilii|ii«'il i'IiiMh-ii, ^iii' iiii|i|ii\i'iI Ii> ii in mi itiliiiili> ilr^iri' t iiiul ilie »liiv\' «lii> .iUi'HiU III llir iiiirl iili«fv»iiin't' nl U'lijiinii'* rrii'iiniiiii'* iiw «.lli.l1iU )ii'iiM''< III III' .1 liiiiiil «riMiiil 'I'lii- Allirilili nllii iiif iiil|ii''l It'll (111111 Angiili mv I'.ir. Ki'.f »•» /.'/> Iii'liiu' ilii \ li'iin' ili« ii umii ilnnr', miiiI mi tlirii .iiin.»l ill Hrni'il ilio\ mr In l-'nin ilif ilintiiiu'* nl' tlio iliimli, nml llir «liUioi oIiIm' nlijiioii inin \\liii li iIm'\ Ii;i\>> iiilrii-il. '|'hi' 40K< ihi ifumiidN o>■^fJ/l't^>1. ;inil liliiv\i 111,1*101. Ik'Ioiv \w il oMlni'il III |i|i siiil llli< vl.ivr :ll lIli- |iilli'»ll I'llllli'll. 'rillN l.i« n iiiii ,il\v.i\i •liii'ilv i.illii'iiil !•» .11 III liiiio, lull il i^ iii'ii'i I'viuK'il iiUni (-.ollirv. Tlio ri'liuioii ol' ilir ih.kU'i to,ii'lirn liiin lliiil il nniilil In* rMlii'ini'lir ^ill^^ll 10 .illow hit »l,nr (o ii'iii.iln ii IwmiIiiii; iiml iinlci'il ilir Piiilni^iiryc .mil Ui.iv'li.'^iK li.wv toii niiH'li n'|i|j,ioii!i l'ri, (ill liiv Icllow Imiiilinoii will in riiiy <>nii,ililiU< ni Itilliiin tli«.-\\invn\on with liim, iloiii' ilicir Tlio iiiil*a|ilivi'»l Nrgin lorln lliiit lii' in ooii'iili^rflj a« «n i;it.'rioi Iv'ioii, ;iii>l .ililioiifili lie in;i\ nol lit< aw ;iii< nl' lltiMiiliic wliicli :\\C y\\M<< I'I.uV iipKil l).l|U|v||l, Mill llO |^lln\\^ lil.ll ilu> uliniiia lill w liicli he \* ujilrAiiliil will \x> iviiiox'il bv It ; (ind ihcnlnri' lu' in ili'iivnvM rtriii»llin inailo i.{(ul III l\M «niii|>nniniiv Tlio AIm<'«iiii ulin liavi* licurt iiitl^ i|t1> piMM>l. i'i>,lMl>i' .\ i .^iholiv- tivliiij,. illlll ;i|>|i(Mr III Inim'i ihiit ilicv wcri-oiui: i I ihr mimf suiMiioii ihcosflvo*. 'Hio «/ii(< 1 me not ..itrj whelhff ihe^ M..U tr i'Aniif\l v^ not ; il'xir .. n»>l iiuli".i\l \\\c\ ;nv nol. oou'^itloroil as iiicinlu'iii uf ♦ A JnculHr r nml the MMH II nmy ^tc 1111 Mn» Vol.. ir.—Ni MI'.V IIMV or IU»MH1. I.VJ "iwiflVi kit) rmli't n* lirittp niilmiU, miill ilt'v 'ni) Inwrtillv {('• I'l inMi«« ■ onlf"" ll»*it iiii*, mill riTflvi' ttif •iiiiiiiiiMii. 'I'lif «lti«t'i» lm»i' lliiir t)'liu,ii litiitlii'iltiMiiU ni wfll m tin- (i»'' |ii'tlii|\ iii'iil)' iiiii< III ilic iilUi'ci'i iiiiil iliii-i-|iir> kI (III* Miiii'i*rfi« til till" liriitlu'tlliHiil J iMi'K •niiir III (III- miiiii'v kIijiIi (In- iinliHlilniM *liivi» n )'iillrrlin|/i liii till' jiiiniim' III |iiiMliii''iiin liii li'iiliim will n'li'iiiliii''* li« liiiiiinlit mil III il'i I'tini'i'iiliiH'Ml Inr lli>- iliriiiniinti 'il n «h>iiI, llml ihi* iImiiim mnv lii'i'iiMii' III iMi|iiiri iiiif In llii* «iiiii'iv •"• wlili'li li** liflmim. Till- Nrntiii"' liHii'iiii" liniii'iiiilti iiliiiMiii Miv iiiir ui|tiiil tvliirli II |i>'i-ii|iiiil\ ili)-it 'Mill Our l.n'lv nl ilif M'ldirv h I \rii «i)iiirliiiH" (Miiiilril i< illi ii Miii'k liii'i* iiii'l liiiiiili. It ii in iIih iiiiiiiiii'r ilril ilii* '•liiti'" nil' It'll In |iliii'i< llii'ir iillfiilinii ii|iiiii nil iili|i'f'l in wliirli llirv ' iiMM luhr nil iiili'if|l, lull limti u liirli iin injiiiy I'lm iirnriTfl inwiinU llifin* • i'lv»ii, iiiir I'l'i iitiy ihriMiiiji lit nii'in* li>- |i\ iliiin Inlljiii'il ii|i'iii iln-if iiiMKliri. 'I lull iili'im nil' iiinvcil liiiMi liny tliiiiiiilii III iIm> fiiit'iiiiii dl llii'ir • lUM I'linniiv, mill mi' ^niiliil iiiln n iliiiiinil nl ii I'lirijlv iIiIIiimiI ii.'iliiti-. Hill I iiiii|iti'lrlv mil iiiiiii'i'iril wiili U'li'ii i. |iiii' lisi >l llii ic 'I'lir • Ifili'ilt III i KInj.' Ill' ( 'iiiijiii * liy till' imliuiliiil 1 tvli'i niMin Irniit lllill |iiitl n( Miii'H. uri'iin jiii|i'i>il 114 II il iviiiilil (lirr tlii-m n Mi'i iiio'iirdu tli" Miitnm* III tliiir iiiillvi' •«iiil t lint till' llriiriliiiii Kini'i nl' ( 'niiiin iviiiiit l.nly til till' l(ii*iii\, mill inr 'Iri'Moi'il HI till' till'. I m| mIiIii' hh m ; i|i>'v iiii>l ilii ir iiil|j»'i'l« iliiiH'c, il i^ Itiii', iil'ii't llir iiimiiii'r III lln n ni'iii'i . ; liiii In lli' c |i'4||>mI'1 mi' iiiliiilMi'il Aliifiiii Nii!.fii"» III nihil ii:i'i"iH, I I'lli' lilmki, mi'l iitltlnllii*) 'ill III wliniii iliini'i' nrti'i llic iiiiiiinii j ini liy iininy ni llii'in i|niii' liit/iill''ii. No ruiniHtUinii in rrinrlnl tn in iiiiilu' llieiii Miilitiici' llii' Imliiln ni llr li iniiilcri)« lint llii'ii lili'i* mi' inm n-ilily II il In iiiiiiiiii' iml !"l'i|ii iIii'im. 'Ilir maltfr^ niliiiit m<' liinii(/,lil neurcr in I'luli nilii'r. i ilntllil IIOl timl till* lyili'lli III li;i|ili/)n)i ill" iif-wl^' iiii|inil<' iimtl lu'inriiiiil ilfirU. Tliu «lilVllll HIV ic'iiilrri'il iiiiire Irni'ttilil'' ; lin«i.|if lifin;' liiMii iii''n iiiid Wniiii-n, ilipy b»evniP iiinit' nliPilii'iil iirrvniit* t tlnv lire liinnt'lil ini'li'r llie inntrnnl ui' ilip. pririttlioiHl, mill rvtn il (liis wiih iliftnntv iiililjtiniiul Imtil wliirli waf nnini'il !iy llu'ii eiiltmiri! iitin tfu" «'liiiri!i, 1/ h it girul engine nf iiuturr whtflll it tliu* brnii|it,lit iiiln aotioii. Mr. K.« in oMipr \>m\<* nC liin Imnk, ilninmiiiiitrq tli«' MoTriHri CaiholM; leligioii '* m rcliginu for Mlnvfn;" mikI without (IcHi^iiirig * A JnctiUr rrrrnioiiy flu wtiii'li, Imwrvri, tlic fmri^li cliini li nnJ llif piicit nml th« mMS liiivi' 11 nlmrr) iiinnii|( iIk- filiivrq In Hinxil, of wliU'ti llie r'lt'iir iiiHyiifc nn wrviiiil in our itutliur'i stxtcciilli t:bay(«i> Vol. II.~No, III. X 154 REVIEW OF BOOKS. to speak irreverently of a system which, with all the list of its etionnous vices, has many brilliant, and a still greater number of endearing virtues, we are much disposed to rtst tht cause upon this phrase. But how many other observations present themselves'. What will our Protestant teachers say to this baptism " by lots," and in which the mark of the royal crown on the breast denotes, at once, " that the slave lias undergone the ceremony of baptism, and paid the king's duty ?" What a mixture of God and Caesar! Things must be taken altogether. We cannot separate them into parts, and take this, and leave the other. The Roman Catholic priest applauds the Slave Trade, baptizes the slaves " by lots," does not ask the slave whether he will be baptized or not— thrusts him into the church as a thing of course — and for this plain rea- son — that at the time he so thrusts him, that is, at the time when he cam jt lawfully go to mass, — he " docs not consider him as a member of society, but rather as a brute animal"— and being this *< brute animal," he baptizes him. Let the reader reflect, for a moment, on the difference between placing a slave in the hands of such a clergy as this, and in the hands of Protestant missionaries, or of Protestant clergj'men of any class ! Lut him go on, too, and reflect on the diflerence of the subsequent religious callings. Let him see the •* religion for slaves" amusing the mind of the slave with the figure and decorations of a Black Virgin, and let him contr>3t this scene with that of a conventicle of slaves, listening to the ravings of an untutored Protestant zealot. The Catlujlic priest sets out, let it not be forgotten, with the principle, not only that slavery is lawful, but that the slave is a favoured individual, rescued by his slavery from Paganism, delivered from the wiath of Cod, and made an heir of salvation. Among Protestant teacliers, there are not wanting those who venture to teach that Klavery i^, forbid- den by the Scriptures, as well its to pervert a thousand scriptural expressions to the uprooting of the whole social system, and .most of all to the destruction of the relations between master and slave. We know that in Europe, where tlie foundations of society are older and lie deeper, an unbridled religious enthusiasm hasi often shaken at least their superstructure ; we know how nmch of this calamity is even felt at this day in England; we know how imany enj^ines are at work to undermine the chustenitd system of the REVIEW OF BOOKS. 155 "Church bylaw;" and we cannot be insensible of the greater dangers to be feared from the admission of similar disorder into the West India Islands. The recognized doctrines of the Church, the disciplined and responsible ministers of the Church, are alone fit to fill, with respect to the slaves, the place of the Church of Rome; and, even with this qualification, it is to be feared that the " religion for slaves" has an immense practical superiority. The Catholic religion i« a system of duties; the Protestant, something too much of a system of doctrines. We know the value, in the mean time, of Protestantism ; we have no disposition to exchange it for Catholicism ; but each has virtues of its own, not to be ob- tained by the other ; and we must escape inconsistency in our ex- pectations. The instruction of the slaves of the British Colonies, in the religion of the masters, is an object, nevertheless, which must not be lost sight of, and the means of doing this to general advantage are earnestly to be sought for. We are now to take our leave of the volume of Mr. K., after of- fering sucli remarks as have more prominently struck us, on that gentleman's handling of what is the common-place of every writer — the demerits of the British West Indies. We have re- jected his doctrine of manumission, and have stated the difficulties which we think attached to those other points, which we value as liighly ashlttiself, that is, the religious instruction and the marriages of the slaved; These are things to which all concur in anxiety to. promote, and to which it is to be trusted that every practicable as- sistance will be given. II. Penal Enactments of the Slave Registry Bill examined, S^'c. > (Concluded from Vn<, I. page 448.) THEhistorianof the British West Indies lifis pertinently observed, thatlhough, from various causes, the bulk of the Sugar Colonists of the present day are successively ,C')mposed of emigrants from va- rious parts of the Mother Country, of wlwm it is certain that the me^r part retain, in a considerable degree, the manners and habits of life in which they have been educated, yet t'lere arc never waiit- ing wviters who affect to describe the inhiibitimlH of all the West In- dies at a herdof crtminals and convicts, and who cite the stale Crimea rub kbVteSv 6f books. and violences of lawless men, co-nnutted a century ago, wh«n those islands were the rendezvous of pirates and bucuniers, as a jnst re- pre^ntation of the reigning colonial habits, manners, and disposi- tions. The suggestion thus cited is of importance, as serving, perhaps, to point out the origin of a traditionary system of misrepresentation of the Colonies ; a basis of which the influence upon the public mind in Europe will appear in no degree questionable, and on which it has doubtlessly been easy to raise, from time to time, a su- pei'structure of calumny for which the world was thus prepared. To bring down our view rof the misfortune to a more recent pe- riod, it seems equally reasonable to observe, that when, ih the' se- cond era, still subsisting, in which the concerns of the West Indies have fixed attention on this side of the At]tli»>r, Uy ilt-nrent «i- .ttlivrwiin*. «nd thoMi^h it wonWI i>o< I)P di(li< iilt 1o .linitmv tlie ♦"ciHlcme of thi* pn>|M'rty, it i« l«"»* »'»«>' to cvt linus^i- i(, uillioiit ditnionitioil* ft»r pwix'tly «»♦" •» tliHi'npiit kiml. N> liiU' till- »tnt<' <>! thingn in pcndingt mi tiltnulion 1nk«'s pliiec in i\w |»iil)lir npiniuii ; tlie priii* dpi** upon «*lni«li tl»' pvopHity Minnrtpiireil i-* «'')uili'niiuM! ; mill thit» w» Ikr i» n>uiinU tliono wim liiiv<» no hIkiw in it, !•< ii iiiuttpr \fvy «inipU», nn«l witlioni inronvrnii lur. Tliosi' i iinmin'jl, in the inwin tim«', Imvt: u ri^li^ to i-xpi rl, tlmf wiml tlio Ihwh nf theii' country mnctioiii'd in tlu- uc(piiHi(ioi\, llicy will piotiH.-l in tlip en- joy incnt. A* *9 those, \vlu> rtn- now uinlf»(l in n coninitm «-ntiment ol hontility AKAiiMt tlit> >V«>flt Inf*, iiiul who, in llif Ituiguitge nnil t'ondwct ol" whirli tlwy iire tli».' MiitlioiH, or to wliirli they give tWir saiKtion, too ofton l»ptmy h (V>f ling not tpiiU' coiiRisteiit with tlie moral and i«liKiou« views upon whirh tlipy Iny streM— tho«» are oonipoM«i, iw nufirKefttai alwvi', of individuals to lie very vari- ously charactorizetl. A giTut nunibrr, doulitlessly, are governed only by the belief iSat tliey are enlisted in tl>o cunse by no voices buttlioaeof pliilnntliropy and piety. Others liiive aims more inte« rested ; and where a bixly of men aet toij^ethcr, as in the eime of the Afriortu Institution, fi-oin \vhi«-h society the Registry Hill has pn>ri»e«leil, a few necessarily hnid the rest, and the nmjority are little able to understand the secret wheels by whieh they arc them- selves carried rounil. Of ihe motives of liosttlify , and for rivallin;^ the C'olonics of foieigncrs ; but the AlVican I ntslilut ion adopts it in order to rival the Uhtish Westlttdiefi. • TItr list of DirtTlorii or (Ito Afiioan TiiRtitution iiicludm ttrpirft iwtii'i tliHt arc drrpi} inlrriKtcd \t\ llir Last India (Iniiiiuiou and titdn. f»;» 161 H» ('(ILONIAl, Sl'MMAKY. ucToin.ii, iHifi. TifR luirrmrf wkht indifa A MOnF.MN wiifi'i- iiii-ii|( the future. Tiiey will no more aban- n the Colonies to the refornicrs abroad, ihan the kingdom to the if'brmers at home. The j^ood men of the African Institution had, it deed, peraua^bv^ themselves, that the Kng's government would Lind its'T to any thin^,, provided it were saved the "trouble of think- ing*." That insinuation, it ougiit to be confessed, was enough to draw the drowsi 'it ' i.wi in office from his chair. "Non omnibus dormio" was the natural reply ; and if there ever was a time when the influence of the party was as powerful, as their declaration of it was audacious, that time is assuredly past. Of the real state of West Indian affairs, considered in reference to the views of Ministers at home, the following letter of Mr. Jordan, Agent for Barbados, to his constituents, extracted from the printed Minutes of the Colonial Assembly, affords a satis- factorj' picture. Tlie proposed erection of a bishopric, or rather of bishoprics, in the West Indies, is, in a particular niao.ner, en- titled to applause. No government does its duty to its peopiR, which does not provide for their spiritual, as well as for their tem poral wants. Mankind have both ; and the intention of a church establishment is to protect society fiom two of its greatest evils, irreligion on the one hand, and fanaticism on the other ; evils be- tween which human nature is perpetually inclined to vibrate, an«l into the extremes of one or tiie other of wliich, if left to itself, it alternately falls. For the rest, Mr. Jordan's account of the senti- ments of Miiiisters discovers the temperate disposition by •.» liicli they are swayed, and entitles the Colonies to expect from them, in regard to the future, what they have eminently found in the recent instance — a protecting hand against both the zeal and the machina- tions of their adversaries :— "Dear Sir, "June9.\, 1810. "On the 15tli May, a General Meeting of Colonial Agt-nts was con- vened at the Secretary of State's office. Lord Bathuist opened tlie confe- rence, by observing, thattho first object of considi-ration was tlie Kegistiy Bill, which had been introduced into Parliament during the last session. With respect to the right of legislation, brought into (luestion by the Hill, he thought it right to observe, that without yielding the question, it waf • Mr. Macaulay's letter to Governor I,iu!lani. ^■t \ 164 COLONIAL SITMMAIIV yet tlic opinion of Govornnionl, that it Bhould ni'vrr Itc fnforccd nor re* sorti'tl to, except ill exlrnnc canc^, whore nrtiNsity imitiired, ami the co- lonial legislatures woiilil do nothing, lie was tiiiTcfiMv rt of slaves, although, hitherto, no practices ol this sort, he admilted, had heen sliov*n Jo exist. Foreign nations expected froMj us, who pressed so hard on them, some measures to show, on our pail, a resolulion to enliM«:e the almlitiivi ; and (Jovern- nient, for ilwlf, wished tor a measure that wouUl finiiish them with infor- mation respectini^ the state of the sl.ive-pojuilation; that it was tlx-relorc proposed to instruct governors to rectjunnenil to their r«-spe«tivc Icgisla- ttucs, to adopt f.)r (liemselveH registrations which would Itnther those olt- jects ; and he called upon us to give the measure our < on-icleraiion and co- Operation. To tliis we all rea»lily .HiHuled. I stated, that our legislature had ahead) declared and pledgetl themselves to this «lVect ; and that the colonies wotild checrl'ully uiiderlake what (iovernment n-coinmended ; hut that the notice given by Mr. Wilbert'orce, of again intmducing his Bill into Parliament, to be liung uji, in lenorem, over the heads of the colonists, would, I feared, operate against any proceeding with good will of the colonial legislatures, f.)r the purposes rvcoiiuncnilcd. It was there- fore agrecil, that Lord Bathurst should endeavour to prevail upon Mr. \Vilberforce to withdraw his Uill, without discussion, if possihlc— a gene- ral reservation of the right of legislation on both sides being made, and of the right of replying to any observations coming from Sir. Wilbcrforcc or his party. At the same time, l^ord Ikithurst announced to the agents, that Government, at the recommendation of the Bishop of London, had under consideration a measure, which proposed the appointment and resi- dence ift the West India Colonies of a Bishop, or, as we suggested, of more than one, for the purpiwesof amuial visitations. And his lordship further stated, that Government had come to a resolution to give the colonies a coinage. " After some delay and hesitation, Mr. Wilberforcc wilhilrew iiis Rill for this session ; but, in order still to obtain his object of intlammatory discussion, for the purpose's of public elfect in this country, without any regard to the consequences in and to the colonies, gave notice of a n»o- tion for papers on a future day. This day was further adjourned, and be- fore his motion came on, the news of the insurrection in Barbados arrived in Ixindon. "Upon the arrival of th.it inlelligence in London, the principal coloni.d agents, and many of the principal proprietors of Barb.ndos, on the (>th June, waited on Lord Bathurst, at the Colonial Oflice, by appointment, and were there received by his I^rd^hip and L«5rd Casth n;igii. The state of Biir- bado!!, as collected from private letters, was detailed, and their Lordships were urged to adopt with speed, measures that misiht prevent, as far as in them lay, the renewal of those scenes in Barbados, or their existence in other colonics not so capable of putting them down. " Whilst Government waited for uflTicial dispatches, Mr. Wilbcrforce's COLOKIAL SUMMARY. 165 motion in Parliament wui ailjmirnpd, until nt IrnRtIt tlio packet arrivrd, blinking the duplicHtvH which itimo tu hand on the Kith invtunt. On the 19th, NIr. Wilberlurcf moved for |iu|N'n; unci Mr. Pullmer, our chairman, following, moved, as nn amendment on that motion, thatun uddrCMbe pre* ncntcd to the Prinrr Hegent, praying that in itructionw be sent out to tht governors of the colonies, tu take immediate stepn tsolutions, re- s|H'Cting the adoption of a registra y/e lose ut least our colonists, in that part of the globe. There is no objection to a wide dispersion of our settlfments through all the different regions of tlic o:\rt\i. Let the British nation be composed of communities established upon ever}' shore. Many recommendations belong to tiic Cape of Good Hope. The extension of our colonies in New Holland and New South Wales offers very flattering prospects. The chains of populous islands, which ultimately join those countries with India and with China and Japan, present an inexhaustible field for future mer- cantile adventure, and sources of a perpetuated maritime dominion. Let those who are disposed to repair to our colonies have an ample range, and a various choice, before them. There are seats for men of different inclinations, and different habits of life. But the North American Colonies are placed in countries so highly adapted to be valuable to the parent state, that it would be matter of serious regret if we were forced to believe that there are any circumstances which should induce us to relax in promoting their advancement. Their contiguity to the mother-country, their numerous islands, their indented coasts, their accessibility to our ships and fleets, their northern position, and consequent consump- tion of our woollen and other manufactures, their timber, furs, and invaluable fisheries, the demand in our own markets for all their exports — are considerations of too much importance to be lightly overlooked ; and we should hence be slow in giving credit to the suggestion, that we caimot long defend tliem against the grasp of a foreign foe. Before the occurrence of the late war with the tTnited States, nothing was thought, in that country, at least, so easy as to con- COLONIAL SUMMARY. 167 qunr Canada. The event has proved, that aa far as relates to the condition of the two countries, down to the era of that war, the calcr ition was erroneous ; and there are sound reasons, perhaps, for believing, that the relative proportion of strength, for the deci- sion of a similar contest, is not altering in favour of the United States. Little comparative importance belongs to that which has been thought to involve much, the increase of the liritish naval equip- ments upon lakes Erie and Ontario. The service is under too many disadvantages upon those lakes, to remedy the original error of allowing the LTnited States to rule upon any of their banks. But Great Britain potisesses, through the aid of her fleets upon the ocean, a power of transporting men and stores to the very walls of Quebec and Montreal, such an deserves to be reckoned for something against all the countervailing facilities that arc in the hands of the enemy. But the United State > are undergoing a great internal revolution, the effect of which cannot be that of increasing their means of annoyance to the British colonies in the north. The British colonies in the south, the British West Indies, have, perhaps, stronger grounds for apprehension. Every thing in the United States is tending to tlie south — to the south-west— to the gulf of Mexico, iind not to the gulf of St. Lawrence. Thither, with a continual tide, is flouting the population and the capital of the United States. In this general loss of strength, the southern states sufler along with the northern. Already, the settlers in the west denominate all the countries on the Atlantic, "the Old United States." This desertion of the northern, maritime, and comparatively sterile re- gions, is n natural consequence of the acquisitions in the country of the Mississippi, with all its recommendations of soil and climate and trade, and crops of sugar, cotton, and indigo ; but the dis- astrous issue of the war, the terms judiciously imposed by Great Britain at the peace, and the policy at present acted upon by that country, for the benefit of her North American colonies, have also had their share in pr'^ducing this efl'ect. Another cause is < 'le general peace in Europe, and the conse- quent loss, on the part of the United States, of those advantages in commerce and navigation which they hud enjoyed through the \m <'OI,ON I ,\\, Ml)MM,U( N loHii \\!nrrt*v \\h\v\\ \>\vt'PiU<\\ it. th>|ti)v«>«l, in litis nuumi'i, oI'MiHrli «\l' )l»»'ii IWlt»»»it'«k of )\v\\\\\ \\\\' wMv nf ll»fi» ••«»») inn -(»-n«lM, ninl M' rt uwO p«H ol' thciv i'S|i«»i1-l»mli'. llii- u«iM'iH(HP MutM him iifii^- •nHh {\S » ointr iiril»'|Mv*<il iit hIiiuv, \\m\ tliM Hi4ih> ii'iliM'iMiiMi, I'otmiilt'ii'il ha ii |«oli'tttit|<»'» ittnl \{ will tlt'cliiii' iltliittult il« tt'|tii<«»«. *ri»f I'lliU'il NlrtW^, rt'niMi Itt ltt> iiiittitm^'tl (i» Itvfiily. iimv »l \\\\A wimttil tltiMt' )titpiili«liitit 4i> (liM ,\tttli<\\^ 0\t«y will ttttl\ III' «o tiitit-it Mii> titiiiv iitnt|ittlili' itl titiitioit im n wltt^li' Itoily. H»>*<« tit llirit- ttotdii'ltt tttitvilitttf jittrNt Tilt' losn III Ott'it IniPi^n i\^\^\v rtitti llaltrti)<< \\\\\ (tilit lltfii ntpi4ttl into tttitltttriKltiiittu tltiui- w\' { itttti <>M ol" «ltt>ti tnnnttlitt'ftitt'««. wliirit \\\\\oi lirrni'ltttlli licfttitu' llif j»viit\rtty t>»m«vitt i»r \\w i>',i»nlt-f» SIrtl.Hi, «ml lot wliii'lt Uip inihirnl mnvWH i<« tit (lti^> iiotiOt-wt^l. Iltit lltin ov«Um- til' (Itiit^^it in* «tii (lii> xvM«>, {\\p IvM \\\M H\vt\\ tliilnii) tiiii «U>itivi>; i< clijiR 4lt«> tviiigii «>r tW \'i\i«tHi SU\\f-f> rts rt »»tmili»i»» Mittl ititvnl |iii\vff, ninl lliiim M«\li« «^ttt\ tit»p«tvi»vi»lt»»»< lln' tii«|iitlHlitti( of Utf I (itinltiiHj «liit<|i l \H 01\ (tot- ootlltti'fu ooloitit^, rtitil of witii'li lotmtiim ••Vfli lln' tt\rti\ttrit« ittri'tij pro|ijf«^<« in tio olijcrt of Nt^lioim jntlonuy. On \\w \\\\\iU\ l^otlt il\o ttmdvoH ttnil lltf toriiii'* foi (In* ro(t(|in'«l of Cit- iiit>l;t HIT' ilittly >MNtKi'tmiH' iti tl\«' roi(t'il S(tt1t"<. It ii in tliOHOiitli, MK l)lu>M< iotitoittoM-^^ Will of tlir i-onit of S|tniit. I'loiidit lum Ihvu tltoit^lit :i nntntty of no iin|)otiutiri> ; htit, if in (into |»ii«t, that ««>tin».«t^- nt.ty hnvo lufn jtist, \\\v tinio is, luvt'illu'loss, now «N>im\ wlt utittr iiiiMii Otis. Tlv North AmottiHtn C'olonirs hnvo littlo, thnrrttir, to iVnr IVoin t\m i>i-n lrv\ , ami nx littlo, ns nuiy hv itrgninl ttt iinotlioiMtppoHitnity, fixMn »UMt-i '.ii»- ttx\tson. As (o tlio miigmtions ihiit liiivo liii'ii iillmli il 10. «h. It !s |Hrh»»ps h\\{ Ultlo Wiiowii, thai while cuiigmlioim CO ho IS I /^ r, «i/mmam V. m lllni'f III ImII«I|'^, rutin (III' MlitiMll (IflMlillilMW ♦»» iIkii*' of ill** I nit^'l NlHf»>«. Il»»(liiii(' )■< mJ" lttt»it> tltiily iici'llriHiiii', flifiii fiiii)4fi»tif>ii«i finm Hi»» I'liUwl R!ii(("4 Im mII |iiiiI«» mI'iIm' Drifmli iloiiiitiMiiiti in \m*>tit it, New V«ii-|( Mint I't-itsvlvinrMi «H|»|'',V ♦'••' U'*'»»t*'t |»"fi "f U"' »•»«» M'MlHrt ill I'lil'*") ( iiiMiilii ; iiitil llicn* iirp )'tiit<)|tiiit iiMiri(iiif*(, (trrioDt; iIm- hrlM'li iiihtiltiliiiilH t)f' I ,(mpr < 'fliindn. mi H«'i«tii(if ti{' f lif inuiili'-f ••r iltiUiTM III' lliM Isiiilcrii HliiliK tvliM HIM MiiixliiKlly frH(i*|i»»r((iiK lliM'iitelVfs iiitii iImiI iMirliuK fiC i\w Miif(«li j<»o (•IIm'ih III il»>l»'»'iitiiM>« wliil|ii>r (liiM liiti' iif «liMiii;'' oiii>lif » fiiwfljr f'» l>t' Kmiilti'tl III |iiM«M(y "•'•! •Ii<"'»>liit'iif* ill Mil' f iiiiiiUiM lliii* 'tr^ M>, CM In iici|iiiil III' imIvhii(iii(> mill |io|M'»ir HomHlrm^ lictlfr, yi'fy mihi- iiilly n|ii'iii^iii(i IVniii (lif> ii}i)j)iHt| iiM|iiil iiifliitj'iiif'iils In silll** in flif ni, ll.'ir rii'Ulq IIUil i<i Mild jidlimli, llii< IiiimIhi fi|if' nf tlii' inl^rinr in Min|j|iiil«'t>iil Mini liptiiiDI'iil, Mini lliirp is n wiilf f shtil nf snrfm f funl 1 liiiiMli' wliii'li ii'Wiitil Willi filiiiniliiiKi' III*" iMliniitK nf III*' filnnwli. Nor in llii' viilim nf IIipbc cnlnirMq tn llic itmllii r iniilif ry « nii(>n*r|innc [^tvnl diMitiilliri) in IIip lrnri Atlnii^n-; »iid llip »iirrt'iit« iiiid nlwtriiclinng iif lilt' livi'iB iMiniiiMijiiii Hiid Oliin piid»«rrn««» llif «tHilvHiilMg(< nil llif nidr »>f lli»' j/idf "f Si. lAivitvuie, liitl il ni'cumnim niily uii iiili'rru|ilioii of ititcn niiroc tliinn^ the winter M'tiNoii ; wliijp lli(> oIihImi'U'r to till' iHMitliwiird rniitt; HTd roii»t«lit« Tlir iiiivigittioii nf tin- livpr St. I.HWffiiM' m inUrnipiid, it iniiHt Le ui'kiiowlodgc'd, Ity nfivoriil iiii| in itstliaiin* I ; i»iit thcsf tnt Hiiw'i'idilile of ri'iiiiHiy iit h Ntimll C'X|i('iis«', find nijuire ri'/thuig but tlic iiiogi tuodf'ruti! U|»plicHtioii of Irritiuli (.mimImI and iii«ln«trf. In I'tiindunf wuiwitli tlie I'liih-d Stiilf*, tlie trwle of Ihf St. I^w* r«nie with thv iutcrior will ultvM^t l«; (jriuUr than even in yvrimh \oi.. II.~No. III. '4 170 COLONIAL SUMMARY. of peace, and a very little time and money is all that is required to provide a route between Montreal and Lake Erie, hy which the carrying-places, as well as the long line of the enemy's fron- tier, may be avoided. To suppose that the natural advantages of Canada will not be properly seized upon and employed hy the wisdom of Government, and by the enterprise of individuals, would constitute a severe national reflection ; and this especially at a moment when the creation of new branches of national industry and full improvement of those we possess, are the only wants of our vast and glorious empire. RED RIVER COLONY. The Earl of Selkirk's colony on the Red-river of I^ke Winipli- continues to be bateuble ground. The dispute to which it has given rise, as to the rights of the Hudson's Bay Company, having drawn some portion of the public attention to the terms of the Royal Charter possessed by that body, a copy is printed in the present number of the Cnloniul Journal. But while this ccutroversy sub- sists between two bodies of British subjects, the United States, if we were to trust their map-makers, would seem to be putting in a third claim, by carrying their frontier through the heart of the new settlement ! On the whole, fresh settlers will hardly resort to it, in its present uncertain state. NOVA SCOTIA. An excellent weekly newspaper was commenced at Halifax, in May last, entitled, the Free Press. Its politics are truly British, and its literary merits would be respectable, even printed in Lon- don. The number and talents of the Correspondents which it already appears to possess, reflects credit upon tlie whole province. Ilalifux and Pictou (says the Free Press of the 4th of .Tune last, upon occasion of the arrival of the Louisa, from Aberdeen, with passengers,) are the only places in the province to which emigrants resort from Cireat Britain. Their situation, upon landing, is bome- times a deplorable one. Strangers in a foreign country, they have no clii-eoting friend to take them by the hand, and warn them of the difliculties they must expect to encounter, or show them a mode of obviating them. The consciiuence is, that they too frequently •♦ The mei ■um per ami a coiuniittee other ucceiiti " There «l duty it shoul their numbci »everal trade particularly i committee ■! ing laoih by j COLONIAL SUMMARY. 171 become disgusted with their reception ; muke Nova Scotia a step- ping-stone to the United States ; and deprive the province of a race of hardy and industrious inhabitants, and the mother country of a set of loyal subjects. There is no way, continues the writer, in which the provincial legislature could better dispose of a part of the public revenue, than in forming some establishment for the protection and assistance of emigrants, upon their ar.ival amor.g us; but as that is not now sitting, it behoves us t*> consider wlic'.'ier private benevolence may not exert itself to the same end. Upon these suggestions, a Correspondent of the same paper observes, that measures will doubtlessly be pron.ptly adopted for taking care of the individuals referred to, and efft-cting their speedy establishment in comfort ; that the provincial go- vernment is always eager to patronize and assist all under- takings for the public benefit; and that precedents are upon record, in the province, of the grant of sums of money by its leu^islature, for the encnurngement and settlement of emigrants. In the year 1786, when the revenue was not such as to bear a com> parison with its present improved condition, the legislature, de- sirous of establishing a whale-fishery for the province, granted a considerable sum cX money for building hourics on the plots of ground given to settlers in the town of Dartmouth, opposite to that of Halifax. On the subject of private efforts, the writer adds, that his fellow* townsmen are not customarily backward iu contributing to the relief of the distressed, and that many benevolent societies exit^t among them ; and then subjoins, " Let this be added to their number — The Society for the Protection, Advice, and .V',»i8tance of Loyal Emigrants, arriving in the port of Halifax, with intention of becoming settlers in the province of Nova Scotia." " The members of the Rociety," he continues, " must lubscribe a reasonable sum per annum, for the furtherance of the object in view, and there should be a committee to collect contributions in money, clothing, provisions, und such other uecessaries as their respective cases may require. " There should likewise be a committee, appointed from time to time, whose duty it should be to go on board vessels arriving with emip'nnts, to inquire their number, their state of health" — he should have ndderl, their »ge-~" their several trades or usual occupations, and their means of settling' ; to attend very particularly to their pressing wants, and cause them to be rclirvrd : the fisnv r committee ahoulu advise them what course to pursue, in order to theii obtain rag land* by grant, lease, or by gift of members, or otherF, who arc holders of 172 COLONIAL SUMMARY. Inrgc trnet*; ami, with rMpcct to lunh of tliciu nii they find to Ito \widicn(in- iiieii, whcie or to whom to apply for rinpliiyincnt, &r. &c. It ithouhl Itc u furth*>r duty of thin rommiltcf, to infMrin the ptihiir, throiiKli the inetliiim nf the Hewipiipein, of the nrrivnl uf cmiKrtint«, (iiippoiInK th«in tA ■rrlve In rait- ■iiitrnltU; niimlxia,) and their several occupatiuiia; in order, particnlarly,. that the benevolent, in distant pnr'.ii of the province, niifrht asiiHt In providing for their comfort and support, and taking proportions of them for scUlenicnt in their lespcetivo countiea. « There in," roncludec the author, •• A WANT OF Pl'-OPI-K— of indu*. trinn* people—in this province, tu aswist in the vant deal of work yet to he done; and there are A THOUSAND SITUATIONS where they might lie KCttled to the great adrantage of the rounlry, and romforl to theniMilvcs ;-^ hut lhe>r energies must be directed by those who ure able to direct them, and they must be Uitisted, at Ai-st, ul least, as others have Ixeii before." To ttie local success of tliis huniaiie and patriotic piopotuU, every trader must give liis warmest wishes; but, in ho doin^, lie will dis- ctiar^ but a small part of hiti duty. The mother country is the place where a luetropulitan institution of the kind ought to be found ; the writer of this article has long regretted its want of ex- istence; and he seizes the opportunity here ufTorded him, to sult- init some brief outlines of its recommendations to the serious regard of the public, both at home and in the Colonies. Assuming, that the possession of Colonies is an undoubted source of national wealth, and of maritime and therefore political strength to this kingdom, the furtherance of coloi>i/atton is to be esteemed a public benefit, and uu act worthy of the assistance of every British patriot. But a time is arrived, in which new motives, both of patri. otism and philanthropy, point to the multiplication and encourage- ment of British Colonies. The human species, like every other production of the earth, is increased wherever and whenever there is a demand for it. In a community in which the arts are bnt little advanced, where human agents are but little in demand, man ' multiplies with comparative slowness. Where civilization is higher, that is, where the arts are improved, rvhere the tiieans of life are more constant, its duration more assured, and an increased activity creates a new demand for human labour, there the progress of popjdation is proportionably rapid. Thus, civilized countries become crowded with inhabitants, while uncivilized countries re- main solitudes. But when the demand for the labour of man has re i 'eied the human species valuable, then the destruction of the •pecies) like the destruction of any other marketable commodity, COTiONTAt StJMMAUY. 17s mctvascfl its vnlun, and, incren«in^ tliR vnlnc, iiicrcaseH the supply. It increases the supply, not by bringing iibout n formal breeding* of the species, like entile for the sfhRmblcH, but by the increased value of the labour of the survivors, ami therefore by the gains* by the wealth, which it disperses through the nation, and the conse(]ueiit ease of living, and contraction of marriagcH, which is the result. In this manner, pestilence, wars, manufactures, naviga- tion, mental fatigues, all the destroyers of human life, contribute, not only to its reprodutrtion, but to its increase. The wars in which Europe, for a ijuarter of a century, has been engaged, have both brought into life as many individuals as they have destroyed, and also given existence to millions, who, but for them, would never have been. Further, the same wars have given occasion to an incifeaHed exercise of the arts, have added to their uumlier, have called forth fresh efforts of human ingenuity and imuian in- dustry ; have thus increased the value of humati hands, in the towns and fields as well as in the camps; and ha\e thus, under an additional view, produced, in the countries that have been directly or indirectly affected by them, a temporary increase of velocity in the progress of the multiplication of the species. It is not, therefore, the cessation of war-employments alone, but also the existence of a war>populntion, that produccN, in nil the nations that have been in any degree affected by the wars tiiat are just finished, an excess of hands to work, beyond the amount of work to be performed. The wars employed those whom the wars Treated ; but the occujiations of peace cannot absorb those whom tiie peace-demand for men would never have brought into life. Thus the peace produces, among all the nations whose numbers have been multiplied by the wars, a temporary redundance of po« pnlation*. There is no difBculty in pointing out the natuml remedy for this natural excess. As men increase where and when they are wanted, so they decrease when and where they are out of demand. • Sec the newipa|>crR of tlio Unittd Stntr* of Ainrrira, for the state of the |)oor in that country. SiibBrripiioiiH for tlifitribiitiiif; fiou|t, fuel, aii<) i'lothiii(( aire rniarc). The pnprrs contHiu uppcals to thone who nrr not in the hnbit of visiting t^e "nhodra of wretrhedncxR," to Dntisfy tliemMlvm, hy the testimony of tht'ir own eyes, of the exintiiig; siifleringR. More than one writer ridiculct the indulgence of philanthropy for divtant ohjcrtB, while ho many aronud theiK arc destitute of bread. 174 COLONIAL SUMMARY. The demand for labour feedH the laboui er, and he lives and multi* plies his species ; take away the labour, and the labourer starves, and dies, and his posterity dies with him. Man may fluctuate and perisii, but Nature is constant and eternal ; deserts and solitudes may grow into villages and cities, and cities and villages may return into deserts and solitudes ; Nature is unmoved ; her plans are not deranged ; the human subject suffers, and that is all. But it IS at this point that man is to become, through his wis- dom, a providence for himself. Nature supplies the materials ; it is for man to supply the skill and the hands. Nature is passive ; man is free to save himself or to die, and yet the means of succour are not omitted to be placed before him. Has any cause produced, on any given portion of the earth, an excessive population, what is the natural impulse, but to remove to some spot that is vacant, or less thronged ? Does the earth present any such spot to the eye of those that are pressed in the crowd ? If it does, shall they not fly to it ? Wb ?peak, thus far, in reference only to the individual; to a man's care for himself; and not to the interests of society, nor to the policy of states, nor to the dictates of philanthropy ; but is there any variance between these several motives of action ? Does self-love teach one thing, and society claim another, or humanity disagree with either ? Assuredly not. If the individual would obtain benefit by his transplanting from a soil which is too thickly grown, so would all the individuals which had surrounded him, and which he leaves behind. Useless from situation, aid not from his own qualities, he is a burden upon sociiety, while he remains with it; remove him, and at least the burden is taken away. His removal to another soil is at least equal to h'S removal by death, since, in either case, h(> contributes to that consumption of man, which, as we have seen above, is one means of increasing the demand, or, in the other words, of adding value to the species. Thus, the condition, both of those who go, and of those who stay behind, is improved by the simple act of removal. But there afe circumstances under which the amount of the benefit is greatly Itohanced. The latter occur, if those who change their situation are prosperous in the new one, and if, in any way, they become })romoter8 of the industry of their countrymen at home. In that case, th( their de( grow to i case, fro eucourag labour, t they incn upon fon multiply. Such, parent sta be the res on its fron territory a sion of foi its wealth, it obtains, people, whi the only sal of Great I intercourse ■hipping ar We, in ] stances in \ is the niea which the country froi Instead of 1 slate H popi ail ignorant ence ; he wi put into his at once put relieve the s population i England is, or with alar' acquisitions present itsell COLONIAL SUMMARY. 175 case, the nation is not merely relieved, but is also enriched by their departure; and, from having been a burde'.i upon it, tliey grow to be among its supporters. So far, even, are they, in this case, from lessening its population, that they increase it. They encourage the national industry, they increase the demand for labour, they increase, therefore, its reward, and, by that means, they increase the supply of labourers. Thus, while they create, upon foreign ground, a new population for the parent state, they multiply, at the same time, the population within its proper limits. Such, in any case, are the results, to the colonist and to the parent state, of prosperous colonization. Such, for example, must be the result of colonization by a land state, which settles colonists on its frontier. But a maritime and insular state, of circumscribed territory at home, has an interest peculiarly its own in the posses- sion of foreign colonies. It is not alone the increase of its trade, its wealth, and its population, that it obtains from this source ; but it obtains, also, that incitement to the maritime industry of its people, which is the first element of its maritime power, and must be the only safeguard of its political existence. All the foreign Colonies of Great Britain are necessarily placed beyond the ocean; a.> 1 uli intercourse with them must be effected through the medium o." ied to readers witJiou sides. To His Excel nor and Con Mviard and The hi^ May it pie , We, the undc ient Majesty, COLONIAL SUMMARY.. 17i U' members of the Council, could not otherwise thun support wliat tliry hud reviously advised. Rurthenfd with such accumulated grievances, and stripped of our rigltts as Uritons, wo can no longer, under such degrading tin unistances, hesitate to exercise that constitutional privilege, of remonstrance and cont* plaint, the bnly legal means at present left us to pursue, and which we trust will produce from Your Honour's justice a revision of those ordi- nances unauthorized by the laws of England, and the immediate forma- tion of that legislature, as re nor and Commander-in'Chief in and over HisMaje%tifs Island Prince Edward and its Dependencies, Sec. ^c. Sfc. The humble Petition of certain Inhabitants of said Island. May it please Your Excellency, We, the undersigned persons, faithful subjects of the King's Most Excel- fent Majesty, and resident inhabitants of Prince Edward LlanJ, be;' leave IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V ^'^4t<. Z 1.0 1.1 M 12.0 11.25 Photographic Sciences Corporation •^N \ :\ '4s 23 WIST MAIN STRKT WIBSTM.N.Y. 145M (716) •73-4503 '^ 180 COLONIAL SUMMARY. to approach Your Excellency witli that profound respect which is due h» His Slajcsty's representative, and to submit to Your Excellency, that after two years' experience of your adniininistration in the government oftliis His Majesty's colony, we do not see any reasonable ground to form even a hope, that unless the Legislative AssemMy fchnll b- convened as usual, this iWand will prosper, (»r its inhabitants enjoy tliL' privileges, which it haj been the wise and liberal policy of the parent govcrnmtiit to afford to llij Majesty's other colonies iti North America, upon the faith of experiencing whidi privileges, wo or our ancestors have settled here, and laboriously contributed to ijie intprovement of the country. The lower House of Assembly, may it please Your Excellency to recol- lect, had, in our iitimble opinion, at their last session, various difficulties to encounter, which it would be neither prudent or necessary to disclose, especially at present ; but we trust that the bills passed in that house, as well as the general proceedings therein, until the time of its suiJden and miexpcctcd prorogation, at a critical period, will evince, that some of the difficulties alluded to, actually existed, and were of a pectdiar i lature, demanding more tha.i common attention and investigation. The want of a regular and cfiective militia law, the ruinous state of the highways, the defects which experience daily discloses in the existing laws, and the utter want of any system of local jurisprudence, must, we are convinced, have attracted Your Excellency's attention, notwithstanding your engagements have hitlierto preventeil even a momentary departure from tlie seat of government, for, the purpose! of acquiring knowledge and information of the country at large ; but independent of those principal defects, we humbly conceive that there are many other subsisting, of a more minute or secondary nature, fit objects peculiarly for the vigilance of the lower House of Assembly to consider of and represent. We therefore, most humbly entreat, that Your Excellency may be pleased to take the foregoing matters into consideration, and to call toge- ther the Legislative Assembly for the dispatch of business, either at the time it at present stands prorogued to, or at such other time as in Your Excellency's wisdom you sliall deem fit and proper. And Your Petitioners will ever pray. Extract of a Letter, dated 32d March, 1816. " The Petition was presented personally to Lieut. Governor Smith, by four niarhanls of Charlolie-Town, on the 'J7th Jan. last, signed by 1134 inhabitants. A note dated the 4th Feb. by command, announced that they should hear further, and a second note about three weeks afterwards desired their attendance, vrlien His Excellency said to this effect, ' that he would call a meeting of the House of Assembly, when he considered it to be for the public p tion nutio »>n mttwnt oC ihe niw oC (ho ships, altluHigh som*; an> dovihlc tlw lonnaRO oC others. That tho following «iv (hp particulars of iharitw al prosont prti»l on <»nte)ing and rleanng, in dilUnx'iU a)lonics, viz, — al Dviuorara, on a ship of 40+ X\MW irgislcr. Socmil V IVmuI /. V'' tKHchOffiws FiM-al." \'i U Colony nveivcr H+ 5 llarlvuir "Kislcr +3 <^ S«vro»ary's olVn r VI 10 CIoviMomont ortiii* '^0 Naval »»tlioor 44 Foit pass IK rilota««» My2 10 Cus(oin-houso, t:olltvlorN f.rs 4'^7 10 C"omp«l^^ll^•'s f«H's \\'2 10 S(HMt'(ari«'< and wailrrs l)'2H Suij;.»r ccrtifuale «• CoUccKnStlcrk (»(J o A(/r2. per .<■.... .f'.KiOO .% Stniing dWM '2 Al Doniorava, on a ship of v''2i) tons i-egistcr Sivurity IhmuI f.'2'2 IVrmit (o unload 7 Dutch Ortict's FiMal's ofVuo V2 Colony nnoi vrr HO 1 .^ IlarlvMU' master 41 Sn-ivtary's odioo '2'^2 10 (>o\ ornmont ollioo '.^O Pilotage v'Ti Naval ortioer 4 + o Custom-house Soairhers and waite1^ I iH Collector y8.^ Compti\>Iler !).■> o Sugar aud rum, and jillidavit and lislof n\rM . 7 10 Collector's clerk (iU I'ort pass 18 ■■ mmmma^mmm At/. 1 2 per .i^.../. HO.-) 1.^ Sterling JL'.W IT 11 rnroNiAf. si'Mmahy. Itt3 Al Bt'ihiii', on n biin of only '^00 Ions register. I'.ntniiin III (.'iiHtoiii-liuiiM' /.'J'^i 10 Noliim |)n>t<'<>t 10 10 ClfnrantT, Hcroivci (»citrrnr» OHUe ;)I4 iVlly !)«() oniiv 1(1 10 Aniii't'iisi(tnt-lii)MM' ;)!»5 lo Si'iui hers ami w iiitnn I Mi» I'ilolunp in iin>l mil -^Ji lliiilMuir iiiiisin'H liMB II. (I Coluninl MTrpliiry no ii (•ovi'ii\in<>hl (iido MM l'\)il I'dst It) u yVl^'.i'J per/. . ./.KKIil Htciting .^.'.KJH 1(1 8 M"lilitt;ii5i' in tln'siMitlDiiirs tiir |i,iii||(iii |>iiili(uliirol1i( or, who (>ivt'H onl) a small piupotlion (liLicut to (lie pilolii finploycil, for tlu'if srrviccR. Al St, ViiicrntV, on u ship of 418 lon<) icgtstvr. CliMianro lit ( 'nstom-liouso ^ 1 t-.l I!» '^ TiviwiiTr'sru'isIs. (ill. Uovi'ininciil l*i.iH IHs. I 'J fi Harbour nittslor l"or aiulioragt* J (J At ITj porCoiil...<.l4H 7 V f^toiiinsj d'.Hi 15 10 At St. lAicia, on a ship of 'J:\tt tons icgislcr. Clcrti iii^; at Ciisloin-lioU'**' "IKt NavalotVim- \0 I lariiour master 10 tVirl Puss 'J At 175 perCVnt... '^n o, or .t.\i', u; K) bterlinij ./..H.'J (i a At Jainnira ami Railiadiw the fees arc mon' iiKxh'ratt' tliaii in any ctf tlif otlu'r colonics, us will appear fVoni the following; inslanres, viz. — at Kings- ton, Jamaica, a ship of :)I9 tons iliiicliargol her cargo ontwurih thete unii bacleil ut Port Antonio, and lier chargco were uit Cwllows;— .'it' 0lm^- 184 COLONIAL SUMMARY. Collector .£.9 G 3— Comptroller £.3 2 I— Naval Officer £.4 7 nVans. I'ax Surveyor .£^.1 — Secretary's 10 • ••• '•■ Fees clearing at Custoni-lioiise Custom-house expenses at Port Aiitunio Ditto tort Pass £\6 15 10 1 9 2 4 10 6 6 8 3 13 4 Clearing ship at ditto 28 6* 3 13 4 Exchange at 140 per Cent.... »£.eJl 14 7 Sterling '44 1 8 At Jamaica, a ship of 308 tons arrived ut Port Antonio, in ballast, and loaded there — her charges were only as follows : To collector and comptroller .£.14 10 4 Secretary and naval officer 5 4 2 Surveyor, waiter and searcher 1 6 8 Fort George Pass 6 8 Exchange at 140 per Cent.. £21 7 Sterling. .'15 'i'hesc charges in Jamaica are, in this first instance, only about one-third part of the rates levied in Demerara and Berbice, and about one-eigiith part, in the last instance. At Barbados, o:i a ship of 380 tons register, including three coasting clearances for cargo brought in craft. Custom-house expenses «^40 Filing list of seamen 12 Three quatiiications 1 Certificate for bond .. . 1 Fort pass o Entry fee l Three permits and certificates 3 Package money 4 Powder office Secretary l Molehead G 3 12 6 10 5 G 3 17 6 5 H 6 7 12 6 17 6 12 6 Exchange 133 per cent .t74 !) 1 Sterling £j5 16 I (The cliarge for packKge-moricy koing a new one, and the anioimt of charges being higher than at Jamaica,, but lower than in the other colo- nies.) COLONIAL SUMMARY. 185 Tiiat in consequence of the great number of ships which have been dis* missed from the transport service, and whicii are thrown upon the (;( i^eral commerce of the country for employment, the aggregate number (which was previously too large for the trade,) is thereby importantly increased ; and from various and obvious causes, the means of employment are also materially diminished, by which the rales of freight are every where re- duced to the lowest ebb, and in the result, great distress iirevails amongst the ship owners, and those connected with, or dependent on. shipping for employment. Many ships are laid up by the walls, in the docks, here, and those, which have been sent out, under systems of the most rigid economy, do not, in many instances, reap sufficient freight to defray the unavoidable expenses of their voyages And it is, therefore, become im- periously necessary fur your memorialists to endeavour to procure a con- siderable abatement in those grievous, and, as they presume to think, un- justifiable, charges, to which they have hitherto been made subject. Your memurialihts, therefore, most humbly solicit your lordship's inter- ference anlc and \Voi-slii|>ful GentleiTjen Rcpreserp- sentulivus of the people of this Island, at Muson's Hall, on Tuesday tiic tith day of August, 18 1(3, pursuant to original Writs from the Hon. John Spooner, Eseaker at this time, 1 will not decline the honour you have thus unanimously conferred upon me, although I cannot accept it without great diHidence; for, conscious of my declining health and strength, 1 fear that I shall not be able to execute the duties of this im. portant station, attended as they must be with trouble and diiHculties, a* well as I could wish. But I will do my best, and must now bespeak yout kind indulgence. Indeed, I must candidly acknowledge, that I had at on* time meditated to relinquish my seat in the House of Assembly ; but a few lVi',nds whom I ainsulted dissuaded me from it, and upon reflection, \ was convinced that it would be niakinp: an ungrateful return to my Constituents, wijose free and voluntary clioi«e i have been for upwards of Ihlrty-foor PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. 1^7 vvars, to (Ic'scrt tlipin at this most innmt'iitom crisis in the annalfi nf the country. There never was a time when the service of the country so im- periously culled u|)on every memher ol lite community to exert his abili* ties, whether great or Hmall. We must not expi-ct to meet here, as has been usual in common times. Our attendance ought to be unremitled— we ought to meet day aticr day. I'lie variety of important l)usiness, which will probably come before the House, must not be hurried over — it will retjuire our most serious deliberation. 'I'lic insurrection has been (lueiled, but the spirit is not sulxhied; mir will it ever be subdued whilst those dangerous doctrines whicl> have been spread abroad continue to be propag.nted among the slaves. It behoves us to be upon our guard — to keep watch, that we may not again lie caught so shamel'uliy unprepared. 'I'he comfort an() amply enabled the representatives of Barbados to judge of the zeal and ability with which you have long presided in the Assembly. Their choice lias been honourable to them and to you; and I am sufficiently acquainted with your merits to feel entire confidence in its being beneficial to the pub- lic service, if to motives of duty any thing were still to be added, I have i^reat pleasure also to give you the assurance of my perM)nai esteem, in ap- proving and confirming the unanimous volt- of the House of Assembly," The Speaker then claimed the privileges of the House of Assembly, say- ing— " Your Excellency having been thus graciously pleased to approve of the choice of the House, it now becomes my duty, in their behalf, to de- mand the free exercise and full enjoyment of all their accustomed rif^his ' and privileges. I therefore, with all due respect, claim, first, exeiii|jtio;i from arrest of their persons and servants during their attendance upon tlie Hou^e; secondly, freedom of debate; and lasdy, access to your Excel- lency's person whenever the service of liie country may require it. To which His Excellency answered, — 188 PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. " Mr. Speaker, " Satisfied as I am that tlie Atisemlily will always use their accustomed rights and privileges for the public advantage aloiit*, I am happy to contiriii them in their full exercise, by exemption from arrt'st of the pt-rsons of the Member", and of the servants of the Assembly, when in attendance on the Mouse; by permitting and protecting frfciiom of debate; and by access to my person whenever the public service may require it." The Members having returned to their I louso, proceeded to the choice of their Officers, and unanimously chose the Uev, W. M. I'ayne, their Chaplain; Mr. J. It. Phillips, thiir Clerk; Mr. J. N. E. Elder their De- puty Clerk ; and Mr. J. Spencer, their Marshal. The Speaker stated to the House, that when they attended hia Excel- lency the Governor in Council, he was' pleased to make a speech to the Council and Aisenihly, of which his Excellency had been pleased (ogive him a copy ; and he delivered in tlic same at the table, wiien it was read in these words : " Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Legislative CouticU. " Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen of the Assembl'j. " The regret, with which I advert to the circumstances that lately in- volved a part of tliis colony in the destructive and painful c amnidrd by also i-xtrnding the time of f^iviiig in for land ; and tlir fuii iu'r ronsidrrution of it du liu over inilil the next inei'tin r, whicli was a^rci'd to. The Gov^Tiior'n Srlllcnicn' llill vvasrcluiiu'd and |.a-ised by the Council. Mr. SHii\Ki.i«, at (hi'hoati oftlic Ihnhc, jin-si'iittd ilio Hill orSctttcniunt lo Ills KxrcUnu'v lor liin assent, .md adilri:,»ed liim as IoIIowh: — " ,1A/y // please Your Krccllencif, " I atnto pn-spnl for Your K\»«ilcnryV assent, a IJiil fntilicd, 'An Act for thf hitler sii|>|)orl of His KxrelKiK y ^ir .lames K<'iih, K. C. U. during b'\9 adnvnisiiatioii of the (Jovmmienl oftliis isliind." " Notwithstanding tho sufferings of liie inh.diilanlH from the late dan- gerous insurrcetion of tlip slav»s, which at its coiiinieiicc ineiit thrralcncd the destrurlion of ihe islanignal method of evincing t, a vote of 'lliaiiks to the worthy Command int. and the Troops imder his command, which shall remain a recorded te>liniony to remotest posterity oftiie grateful sense we entertain of their gallant exertions; and, srcondly, the (jrant of a sum «if money lor the purchiise of a few articles of plate, to perpetuate in the family of the worihy General, our faithful remembrance of his Important service-*. With res|)ef:t to tiie first of these objects, as a similar opportunity of shewing such a disiin/zoiiihcd mark of respect has never before occurred in tliis island, %vc must be guided by the practice of the British Parliament, by which the honour of a vote of Thanks is, I be- lieve, always conferred on services which cast n lustre on the character of Ills Mojesiy's forces, or materi-illy tend to benefit the interest of the coun- try. The services, which we are at present called upon to notice, arc of a nature and rharnctcr that will bear the strictest examination by that standard, wheUier we call to mind the alacrity with whieh the garrison turned out on the morning of the alarm, their zeul and constancy in pursuing and securing the insurgents, or the patience with whieh, under every privation, they endured the most harassing and fatiguing marches. With respect to the other object, I feel convinced it is the wish of our constituents that we should present some other token of rcinembrauce besides a vote of Thanks to the worihy Commandant, wiiich sh ill niurk the generosity as well as the gratitude of uur country. I shall, therefore, first have the honour t.» move — " That the Thanks of this House be given to Edward Codd, Esq Lieut. Col. of the (JOth regiment, and Commandant of the Garrison of St. Ann*!), for the great and itiiportant services which he rendered to this island during the late unfortunate rebellion of ih". slaves, fur hib prompt and decisive measures, his vij^ilant and untetuitted e.\ei lions, and bi» judicious arr^n^c- 192 PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. fnent of the forces under his command, by which good order, tranquillity, and security, were in a short time restored, as well as for his humane interference, whereby all unnecessary effusion of human blood was pre- vented. "That the Thinks of this House be given to the Officers, Non-com- missioned Officers, and Privates of St. Ann's Garrison, for the prompt, spirited, and' efficient aid rendered to the inhabitants of this island, during tlie !.?t« iriaurrection of the slaves." Resolved unanimouslij, that the Thanks do pass, and that the same be conveyed to Colonel Codd by the speaker. Mr. Mayers introduced a Bill to vote the sum of One Thousand Pounds sterling to Colonel Codd, to purchase such articles of plate as he might think proper, and moved that the same be read ; and his motion being seconded by Mr. Hinds, the Bill was read three times, and passed the House unanimously. Mr. Mayers then introduced a Bill for voting Two Hundred Guineas to Major Crutlonden, for the purchase of a sword; which, being seconded by Mr. Best, w<>3 read three times, and passed the House unanimously, the two Bills were then sent up to the Council by Mr. Jordan and Mr. Cobham. The above; two Bills being returned passed, the Speaker, attended by the whole House, presented them to His Excellency for his assen*, and ad- dressed him as follows : — " I am to present for Your Excellency's assent a Bill, entitled, ' AnMct for appropriating a certain sum of money oul of the public treasury of this island, to the use hereinafter mentioned.' « By this Bill, the House of Assembly have unanimously voted the sum of 0ns Thousand Pound sterling to Colonel Codd, to be Idtid out in such articles of plate as he shall choose. I have also in my hand a Bill, entitled, * An Act for appropriating a certain sum of money out of the public trea- sury of this island, for the use hereinafter mentioned.' « By this Bill, the sum of Two Hundred Guineas has been unanimously voted tu Major Cruttenden, to purchase .'' sword, as a small remuneration for his activity, zeal, and exertions in the service of the country, during the late unfortunate insurrection." To which His Excellency replied, " Mr. Speaker, " I assent with pleasure to the Bill now presented to me in consequence of the zealous and active exertions of Colonel Codd, not only to put down insurrection, but to prevent the unnecessary effusion of human blood— and I a'so assent to the Bill expressive of the favourable sense which is enter- taiiK'd of C'iiptain Cruttenden, Major of Brigade." (To III' concluded in the nat Number.) \ m iSTATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. IONIAN ISLANDS. RETURN to AN ORDER OF THE ItON '.ABLE HOUSE OP COMMONS, FOR PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE IONIAN ISLANDS, 'jtt/ar as the said Order relates to the Office for ff^ar and Colonics, No. I.— Proclamation by His Briiannic Majesty's Civil Commissioner to the Government of the Ionian Isles. HIS Royal Highness the Prince Regent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, having been pleased, in the name and behalf of His Majesty, his Royal Father, to nominate nie to the administration of the civil concerns of the Ionian Isles, as his commissioner, as also to the com- mand of his forces serving tlierein, and throughout tlie Adriatic ; I do hereby give notice, that I have taken upon myself the discharge of the important duties which have been thereby confided to me ; and, in com- pliance with the directions conveyed to me by his Britannic Majesty's go- T)ernment, remains that I should, in my own name, give assurances to the inhabitants of these islands, and their goveiiiments, that employed for the last eight years upon public service in the Mediterranean, I have contemplated, and taken a sin- cere interest in their welfare and proceedings, from tlieir earliest more in- timate connection with Great Britain, and that I am equally prompted by Vol. II. No. 3. 2 C 194 STATE ANJJ OFI'ICIAL PATERS. duty, as by inclination, fairly and iinpaKiaily to fu'provenient of the fslandsof the Scptinsiilar Circle. Given at head>quarlers, i ; as, on the other hand, he will not fail to punish, in the most expeditious manner, all those who may dare to con^promisc the public tranquillity, olfend the laws, or violate the well-founded and ao» knov'ledgeGeneral. NEW SOUTH WALES, Cflpr/ o/ u Lettrrfrom the Earl Bathurst, to Governor MacquariCt dated Dowuing-strett, '23d .^ oir.vijer, 1812. Printed by Order of the Housf f>J' Commons, June 11, I81G. Downing-strcet, 23d Nov. 1R12. StR,— I have tho honour of transmitting to you herewith, the Report of the Select Committee of the House of Couimons on Transportation. As tiie course of their inquiries has been principally directed to ascer- tain the state of New South Wales, and the alterations which might be made with most advantage in its existing laws and regulations, it cannot fail to obtain, as it deserves, your most serious consideration. On perusing the Report, you will observe that many of the regulations which the Committee has pointed out as peculiarly objectionable, have cither been already abolisiicd, or are now in a train of modificaiion and amendment: of this description are the traffic of civil and military of- ficers in spirituous liquors ; the restriction on the power of granting li- cences ; and the maxinmm on the price of grain, meat, and merchandize: the two former of which h^e long ceased to exist, and the latter has been removed since your accession to the government. To these, I trust, may also be added, that commercial reguiation, by which every vessel is com- pelled to touch at Port Jackson, previous to discharging any part of it^ cargo in Vun Diemen'^ Land ; a measure, on the expediency of which I have already sufTiciently animadverted in my letter of the 14th of July last. The regulations which you have established with respect to the impor- tation of spirituous liquors, have met with the same approbation from the Committee which they had already received from his Majesty's Govern- ment ; but the Committee equally express their regret at tiie contract vhich (in contradiction to the principles originally laid liown by you,) yoy ^lad been led to sanction with Messrs. Wentvvorth, Uiley, and Blaxeil. Xhe ^rqprict^- of alloMiug the distillation of spirits within tlie colouyj STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 197 ig one of the points most strongly recommended by the Committee, and U that, in conse(]uencp, to which 1 shall most particularly advert. The con- tract to which I have just alluded, places it out of the power of Hi* Ma- jesty's Government to sanction the inmiediate adoption of any measure by which it might be indirectly violated ; but even if this difficulty did nut exist, they would be but little disposed to authorize so entire a change in the principles upon which the spirit-trade of the colony has hitherto been conducted, without a full communication with the Governor, and a pre- vious knowledge of his opinion on the subject. My object, therefore, at present, is merely to lay before you some few considerations, by which a decision, as to ihe propriety of authorising distillation, ought, in mj opinion, to be inHnenced. I'he principal benefits which arc expected to result from this measure are an extension of agricultural speculation, and a consequent resource in times of scarcity, and the production of a better spirit than the rum hi- therto imported into the colony. Among the minor advantages are stated the prevention of illicit distillation, and the consumption of that redun- dancy of corn crops, which is assumed, upon the evidence of Mr, John- stone, to have occasionally existed in the interior of the colony. If bj encouraging the distillation of spirits from grain within the settlement, it is proposed only so to apply the grain, which is more than equal to the con- sumption, it must be intended also to suspend the distilleries whenever the crop is less productive than usual, and the settlement will be by its situa- tion, placed under great difficulties by the uncertainty that will exist, whether foreign importation of spirit will or will not be required. By a reference to Mr. Campbell's evidence, it will appear, and indeed you must be aware from your own experience, that the colony does not produce grain more than sufficient for its own consumption, and consequently that whatever proportion of the corn*crop were now applied to distillation, must be withdrawn from the subsistence of the inhabitants. From the avidity with which spirits have uniformly been sought after, there is some reasoa to think that the eagerness on the part of the distilleries to meet the de- mand, might therefore produce an improvident consumption of grain, so -IS to lay the foundation of a scarcity the ensuing year. Whether the de- ficiency of grain arises from the want of proper encouragement to agricul- ture, or from an inability on the part of the colony, to raise, in its present state of advancement, an adequate supply, it is most material to ascertain, it appears, from statements which have been made by merchants at Cal- cutta, that wheat may be iin|)orted into New South Wales at the rate of eight shillings per bushel, while, upon a reference to the prices paid for wheat grown in the colony, they appear to vary from ten to twelve shil- lings ; a price which, consiiiering that the grower has his land rent free, together witli otiier advantages, seems to hold out very great encourage- ment to its proper cultivation. The settlers, liowever, have stated that the price is nnich too low : but if it be to be raised considerably, the Govern- ment, which already feels very severely the annual expense of the colony, can no longer be expected to continue its purchases within the colony, 'T^hcn corn can be procured at so mitcb lower a rate in the markets of India; 198 STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. It will therefore be a matter of calculation, in considering the advantages 10 be derived from distillation, .whether the quantity required for the dis- tillery will be such as to compensate the grower for the loss of that r"inand for his crop which is created by the Iar<»e purchases of Government. Whether the quality of the spirit made in the colony will be superior to that now imported from Bengal or America, is a point on which I possess no very adequate means of deciding. I confess myself at a loss, in some degree, to comprehend the effect which the proposed measure is intended to produce upon illicit distillation, unless it be understood that the distillation of spirits should henceforth be gene- rally permitted, without any restriction or limitation whatever. For if duties are to be imposed, they will be met with the same desire of evading them ; and if they are altogether withdrawn, there is too much reason to apprehend the consefjuences which may result from the reduced price of an article, the injurious effects of which, upon the morals and health of the inhabitants, is only equalled by the avidity with which it is required. The next important point referred to by the Committee are the judicial establishments of the colony. The construction of the courts of judicature, and their incompetence satisfactorily to discharge the duties imposed upon them, have engaged the serious attention of his Majesty's Government. Their establishments, when they were originally introduced, were, per- haps, as good as any which could have been at that time recommended; but tiie settlement appears now to have outgrown them ; and the inconve- niences, which possibly are at present not very severely fclt, are likely to increase, and occasion serious embarrassments. The Judge- Advocate, Mr. Bent, in his letter addressed to the Ear\ of Liverpool, bearing date the 19th day of October, 181 i, has stated strongly, and very much at large, the objections which exist with regard to the pre- sent establishment. With the growing prosperity of the colony, the num- ber of causes has rapidly increased, to an embarrassing extent. The civil causes now involve property to a considerable amount. They are in many instances complicated, and require more elucidation than what the parties, as they have no professional assistance, are able to produce. Under these circumstances, therefore, the decisions upon them are unavoidably given when the questions at issue are but imperfectly stated. While these deci- sions are frequently too summary, they are at the same time not sufficiently conclusive, and from most of them an appeal to His Majesty in Council is allowed ; but it rarely happens that a creditor will not be happy to com- pound on any terms, rather than be exix>sed to the expenses of the appeal. In order to obviate the embarrassment arising from the number of causes, it will be expedient to divide the labour. It is therefore intended t'lal there should bo established two courts in the settlement; one, the Supreme Court; the other, the Governor's Court; to be constituted as hereafter will be stated. In the Governor's Court, the Judge-x^dvocate shall preside. The Court shall be constituted as the Civil Court of Judicature now appears to be; but it is not to take cognizance of any suits, the amount of wliich shall be abore the value of 50/. From the decision of this Court no appeal is to be »!• STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 199 lowed ; causes of tliis description will, generally speaking, be more satis- factorily decided by a summary and final proceeding. The Judge-Advo- cate will be called upon tu establish such regulations respecting its proceed* ings as may to him appear requisite, and they shall be published as the Rules of the Court. It is further intended that a court of the same descrip- tion shall be established at Van Diemen's Land, to which a Deputy Judge- Advocate will be regularly attached : this will relieve those settlements front the embarrassments under which they labour, by not having any court of Judicature established within themselves. There must, however, be the same limitations as to the amount of the actions which this court is to try, and all above that amount must be brought before the Supreme Court ot' judicature in Sydney. This Supreme Court is to consist of a Chief Justice, and two persons to be chosen by the Governor, in rotation, from among the magistrates of the territory ; solicitors are to be employed on either side, and for that purpose proper encouragement will be given to a sufficient number to go out ; but it does not appear that there exists, at present, the same necessity for advo- cates. Of the solicitors, one will receive a salary of 300/. per annum, and fill the situation of King's Proctor ; while the other may be appointed Co- roner of the territory, in the manner recommended by Mr. Bent. In actions where the amount of the suit exceeds 3000/. an appeal may be made to His Majesty in Council ; but the appellant, if the debt be due from him, or he has possession of the property claimed, must first pay the amount of his debt into Court, or surrender the property in question to trustees to be named by that Court. Real estates, such as lands, houses, &c. in j settlement, must be ren- dered liable to all just debts and demands, and to be seized or let by virtue of the ptxxess in the Supreme Court, in the same manner as personal chat- tels. This provision, however, should not extend to debts under 50/. which are to fall under the jurisdiction of the inferior court. In cases where the opinion of the Judges shall not concur, the opinion of the ntajority shall be considered as binding ; but if, on any consultation, the Chief Justice shall be in the minority, if he protests against the deci- iion, upon such protest being duly recorded, the party may, in all such cases, at once appeal to the Governor, who shall be assisted by the Judge- Advocate: from his decision an appeal will be allowed to his Majesty in Cuuiicil, in all suits which exceed the value of 3000/. subject to the afore- laid regulations with regard to appeal. A Clerk of the Peace to be ap- pointed to act agreeably to Mr. Bent's suggestion, as a public notary and a registrar. i'hc Supreme Court, constituted in all respects as already described^ shall take cognizance of all criminal cases; and shall act also as a court of equity. It is, however, a question worthy of consideration, how far, in crimirul casts, the trial by jury may not be advantageously introduced. It is not necessary to dilate on the beneficial effects to be derived by that system of vii^pensing justice ; but before it is adopted in New South Wales, it is 200 St ATP, AND OI'IICJAI, PAPRRS. very nccniMry gravrly (o coiHidor how far (lie ppKuliar conxl itution oftha^ •(K'irlyofmen will allow (hv application ol' this cli in luiinbrr MinU'irnI, i-apahli* uitil willing to iiiidorlakR (he (Uilicti? In a mK^rty so rrttrictoil, In tlicic not rrasoii to apprchen, been directed to those restrictions which it may be proper to impose upon tin; authority of the Governor; and on tl.is |KniU they no far concur with the opinion expressed by the Contmittee, as to consider the |M)wer with which he is at present invested, oi° granting real or conditional pardons, as unne- cessary, and, in some instanci's, extremely inconvenient. The manner in which you have exercised this branch of your authority, sufliciently evinces 3'our opinion of the very grtrat discivtion with which it should be used, ami 1 have therefore the less hesitation in discontinuing a power, which, at tlic •ame time that it is liable to great abuse, is not neccsvary to (he good go- vernment of the colony. It is, however, by no means intended to with* hold altogether from the Governor this mode of encouraging the convicts to endeavour, by good conduct, to ameliorate their condition ; Mis Uoyul Highness the Prince Uegent will always be ready to listen to the recom- mendations of the Governor, and to extend the royal mercy to deserving objects ; and as it is not proposed to interfere with tiie power of granting tickets of leave, the Governor will still (lossess the means of allbrding im- mediate relief from the pressure of their original sentence, (o those wlia may have entitled themselves to this favour. You will, I am sure, also, not fail to have observed the propriety of that suggestion of the Committee, that recommends that there should annually be transmitted to this office a return of all the tickets of leave which you may have thought it expedient to grant, with a statement of the prisoner's original sentence, and of tlie circumstances which have led to its alleviation. To the recommendation which the Connnittec have made of assisting the Governor by a Council, His Majesty's Government feel no dis|x>sition to accede. The difficulty of selecting prt)pcr persons for the situation of nemben of the council, the dissensions and disputes to wliich their oppo- STATR A N I) Ol'l'll I 'VI. I'APKKS. UOl Vition (<» Jill' (5(»v«'niiM, or tin ir protctl :i(!r;iinif hit roiuliiil, niiiM urn- li^i-; till* |»ailifs illicit wunlil lln nic nriM- in lin- fulony ; tli»' li-ngtli ol liitK' (loiiitK Nvltirli till' |tiil)lir li'ani|nillil)' wmilil lie iiit('iiii|ilpHi>ri>a loiiinin- niriition «onlil l»n riHcivnl IVtiin lionir ; tlii* ilai*K<'r (H wraki'nlii»/, lli« tiii^lirr siiitlioiilicH, lit a soiirly «'i«iii|ii>si><| oC mirli ili^rorilaiit materials i air all caiisiN wliirli liavo iinm' or li'ss iiilliiirniir iinrelti'nnl by u Coiiiinl. Till' CommitU'c apprar Ik I«' MiHicii'iitly awaip ol' tin' anxiety wliiili hilt Majesty's fJoveniiiienl have alwayn evimeil to eiiininuHe a nlini""!'* reeling in the eoloiiy ; i.or have I neKlerteil the nuiixr ^vhi(•h I loniTivi' to he lient calciilateil to proinote lies ileniralile ol>j"rt, hy eitileavoiiriliK '<> proenre pei'sonn pro|ierly i|(iulilieil tor 'Hilnation of clHrKyniPn in tlit* (•idony, YiMi will he Horry In leiiin that Mr. Kerr anil Mr. (!aniphell, to whom, in I >(nse(|iienre of yonr ri'"i)iniiieitilalion, i liati .ipplled, have lioth de> < iini'i an epliiij^ the Kitnation ol' l'lia|)laiii. I t'oilx'in to make any ohMTvalioim on that pait of the Uepoit whirh ri'l.ile. lo the liinspoilatioii oC oireiiderH, an it doet nut Call in any overiinii'nt to adopt the iiieannre civili/alion, and to luisu iis character. I liavi: the honour lu be, &c. I3A!HUHST. Governor Mai iiuaric, iVr. &c. [The Ueport rcfcrrud tu in this Disputcli will bu given in the Culuiiia' Journal, No. IV,^ Vol.. II.— No. 3. SOS STATE AND OPPIClAL PAPERS. NEW TARIFF Of THB UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A. A\t, Brer, ami Porter, hi Botllei . • Ditto ditto imported otherwiic tlian in Bottle* Alum ..... Almond* ..... Anrhora .... ArlicleH imported for the line of the United Stale* Apparatu«, philonophical inRtrumi'iitK, hooks, mopa, cliaiti,Htatutc8, butts, catts, paintin(;ii,drawin||:f), en- {{ravings, tpccimenB of sculpturr, eabinel* of coin*, gem«, medal*, and all other collpetiona of antiqui. tiei, *tatuary, modelling, painling,drawing, etching, or engraving, xpecinlly imported, by ordrr, and for the use of any society, ini'urpornted for philoaophi- cal or literary pnrpoaeii, or for the encouragement of the fine arts ; or by order, and for the use of any aeminarie* of learning .... Antimony, regulu* af . . Animal* imported for breed . . . B. Bru*hei ...... Bottle*, glass, black, quart Boot* ..... Bri*tlea ..... Bark of the cork-tree, unmanufactured Burr-atonea, unwrought . . . Bullion . . Bra**, in piga, ban or plate*, *uited for *heathing of *hip* ..... Bra**, old . , . Barilla ..... C. Cotton manufitctures of all dcacription*, or of which cotton is the material, or chief value, and on cotton twi«t, yarn, or thread, (*ee note A.) CoHmetic*, waahe*, baUama, perfumea Capers ..... Comfit* or sweetmeats, preserved in sugar or brandy . Cabinet ware*, and all manufactures of wood Canes, walking sticks, whips Clothing ready made, ("see note B.) Carriage* of all description* and part* thereof Cable* and rordage, tarred . Ditto ditto uutaned, yarns, twines, packthread and seiiiw) .... ^4- IS cents per gallon. 10 ditto IflU ditto pcrcwi. a ditto per pound 1.10 ditto per cwt. free. fire*, free, free. so per cent ad valor. 144 cents per groce. ISO cents per pair. 3 cents per pound, free, ditto, ditto. ditto, ditto, ditto. S5 per cent. ad valor. 30 ditto. 30 ditto. 30 ditto. 30 ditto. SO ditto. 30 ditto. 30 per cent ad valor 3 centH per pound. ditto. STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 203 C«nillei, fallow Ditto wox and ip'rinKctti . Catnlai Chineie . CinuHmon . . . Clovci . . • . ChttM .... Chocolate . . • Cocoa .... Cupp«raa Coal .... Copper rod*, bolt*, ipikm, or naili, and coropotilion rodit, both apikei or iiaila Coffee .... Cottou . • Currant! .... CigBn .... Clay, unwrought . Cupper, imported in anyahape for the use of the Mint Copper, in pigs, ban, or platet, suited to the ilieath' ingofihipi . . Copper, old . . 3 A 6 as 95 9 3 g ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. 100 cents per cwt. 3 eta. per heap'd bu. 4 ccnta per pound. 5 ditto. 3 ditto. 3 ditto. 9S0 cent! per looo, Aree. ditto. ditto, ditto. Dyeing Drugs, and materiala for composing dyes, not suhiect tu any other rates of duty Duck, Uub:?ia, (not exceeding 59 archeens, each piece,) ..... . ~- Ravens, (not exceeding 39 archeens, each piece,) ..... . Holland, (not exceeding 59 archeens, each piece ..... P. Figs ... Floor-cloths, painted ; matts of grass in flags . Fiih, foreign caught . —^ mackerel .... — salmon . . • . — - on all other pickled fish . . . Furs, undressed of alt kinds . G. Gum Arabic .... (>um Senegal .... (jold leaf, and all articles not free, and not subject to any other rate of duty . Glass, window, not above 6 inches by 10 inches, in size ■ not above 10 inches by 13 inches, in size -— — — above lo inches by I9 inches Glue ..... Gunpowder ' . • . Gold Coin • . . . . 7} per cent, ad val. 900 cents per piece. 195 ditto. 950 ditto. 3 cents per pound. 30 cents ad valor. lou cents per nnintal. 150 cents per barrel. 200 ditto. 100 ditto, free. 7| per cent ad val. 7} per ditto. IS ditto. 950 per 100 squ. feet. 975 ditto. 335 ditto. 5 cents per pound. 8 ditto, free. H. Hempen Cloth, or Sail Cloth, except Russian and German Linens, Russian and Holland Duck Hats, or Caps, of wool, fur, leather, chip, straw or silk ..... 90 per cent ad vaL 3* ditto. 204 STATE ANn OFFICIAL PAPERS. HiMip . . . . • HuUh mw, ami ikiii* . t I. J. Iron 01 StrrI wire, not fxreciiiiif Nu. IS. . nvir No. l». Iron, 111 Imra iiinl b«>lit<, excepting iron nittDufNClurcd liy rolllii;; .... lion, ill Nlicets, roiU, mill lioopi . . . . ■ in buro ur liolli, whfii manufticturH by rolling, anil on aiichort Incli){o ..... lDi|ilrnirnt«, or tooli of trade, of pertuii* arriving in tlic rnitril StUl«'N .... Jewellery, |[oli|, lilvcr, hii'I other wulrliea, and pari* of wutelieni gold mid kilver lace, rinhroidcry und cpou- letk; pi'eeiouK Mtoiiei, and priirli uf all kiiid)>, let ^ not Di't ; Hi'i«twl Klones, t>r iiaMte work, and all arti- CleR eoniposed wholly, ur rliieily, of (;uld, silver, fiearl, and preciouH NioneH l.'io centa per ewt. free. 5 cent! per pound, g ditto, 4S rcnU per cwl. 8r>u ditto. 1.10 cent! per cwt. l-'t cent! per pound, free. 7) percent ad val. Lnrev, laec veili, lace hIihwIh or kliadts of thread or Mik . . . . . Leather, and all maiiufactnret of Leathrr, o" of which LcHther is the niHteiial, or chief value Lead, in pig*, ban or bbeeu L«-ad, while and red, dry, or ground in oil I. apis Calamiuaria 7} per cent ad va|. 30 ditto. 1 cent per pound. 3 ditto, free. Manufactured articles of liiass, copper, iron, steel, pewter, lead, tin, or of which these metals or either of them is the material of chief value ■, brass wire, cutlery, pins, needles, buttons, button moulds, and biu'kU'H,i>tall kinds, gilt, plated, and japanned wares, of nit kinds, cannon, mnskcis, fire arms, and side arms, Prminn blue, China ware, earthen ware, stone ware, porcelain and glass mannfactares, other than window glass, and black glass quart bottles Millinery, vi:i. bonnets and caps for worien, fans, fenthert, ornHments for head dresses, artificial tlowers, and every kind of millinery Mustard l^Iace ..... Molasses .... Models of machinery and other inventions , SO per cent a«l tiI. 30 per cent ad ral. 30 ditto. lUO cents per pound. 5 cents per gallon, free. N. Nails Mutinegs 3 cents per pound. 60 ditto. O. Oil, saind .... Olives .... Oil, spermaci'ti of foreign fishing whale, and other fish oil, of foreign fishing (.Ml, olive, in caski. 80 per cent ad val. so ditto. 35 cents per gallon. IS ditto. 2S ditto. STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. S05 Ochr«, Jry - ia oil IVinliiig Ty|i«« rickica l». Vayer of «vcrv iiriirri|>tion, panic bonrd, paptr hang inn, blank booka, uai I'UyinK Card* IVp|H-r riiiic'iitu IMiiniba and Prunes |>lantH nn«t IVrva I'l wtfi'Di old I'luiatvr uf I'urit i - - ' r - - - — f parchment, rclluiu. I cent per pound, li ditto. 90 per rent ad vtl, 30 ditto. 30 ditto. 30 ccnta per pack, 8 ccuii per pouiitU ti ditto. 3 ditto, tree, ditto, ditto. Itiiinina, muicatel — — — in jara «nd boxes all other Raiain* Kagti, ufuiiy kind ofcluth 3 cent! per pound. 3 ditto. 3 ditto, free. Salt pctre , Stock inga, nf wool or cotton Saddle*, bridles or liariicsa Shot, nianufarturrd of lead Salt Stct'l Spirita from {(rain, of I at proof ■ ad proof — .^-__^__ 3(1 proof — — 4th proof — —————— r»th proof nbovc Qth proof 56lba from other materiaU than grain — iHt and ttd proof — 3d proof — 4th proof . 5th proof above Sth proof Shoes and Rlippera of silk -' of leather Shoes and slippers for children Spikes . Suap . . Sugar, brown '— white clayed, or powdered lump ■ loaf, and sugar candy . Snuff Spcrimcns in natural history, mineralogy, botany and anatomical preparations Silver coin Sulphur or brimstone Tallow 7{ per cent ad val. gn p«;r cent ad val. ao ditto. ■J cents per pound. 30 cents per bushel. lOO cents per cwt. 4d cents per gallon. 45 ditto. 48 ditto. S9 ditto. 0o ditto. 75 ditto. 39 ditto. 43 ditto. >S ditto. 57 ditto. 70 ditto. 30 cents per pair. 35 ditto. 15 ditto. 3 centit per pound* 3 ditto. 3 cents per pound. 4 ditto. 10 ditto. 13 ditto. 13 ditto. free. ditto. ditto. J cent per pound 206 STATE AND OmCIAL PAPERS. Ten, fioin Cliina, i.i sliips or vessels of ttie United States, as folluH'^', riz. Bohca .... Soiichonir, and oilier black . Imperial, gunpowder and goinee Hytun, and Young Hyion . Hyson Skin, and other jgrceu . Tobacco, manufactui-ed, other than Bnuff and cigars Tin, ill pigs or barn U. Umbrellas, paraaols, of whatever material! made, and ■ticks, or frames for umbrellas or parasols W. Woollen manufactures, of all descriptions, or of which wool \a the material, or chief value, excepting blaiikels, woollen rugs, and worsted or stulF goods, (see note (C) . . . . Wafers ..... Whitinpr, and Paris white Wincti, Madeira, Burgundy, Champagne, Rhenish, and Tokay .... ■ Slierry and St. Lucas . . other wines, not enumerated when imported in bottles or cases Lisbon, Oporto, and other wines of Portugal, Western Islands other wines when imported otherwise than io 14 cents per pound. .14 68 56 33 lo free. ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. and of those of Sicilly Teneriffe, Fayal, and other wines of the bottles or casrs Wearing apparel and other personal baggage in actual use .... Wood, Brazil, Brazillets, Redwood, Camwood, Fustic, Logwood, Nicarogua and other dye woods ——• unmanufactured, of any kind 30 per cent ad val. 35 percent ad val. 30 per ditto. 1 cent per pound. 100 cents per gallon 60 ditto. 70 ditto. SO ditto. 40 cents per galloa. 95 ditto. free. ditto, ditto. z. Zinc, teutcnagn«, or spelter free. The foregoing Li>t of Article* compriies all the various deseriptions qfgooilt, ivam and mtrchitnJizey enumerated in the first and second sections qf the Act, establish- ivg a new i^iriffof Duties, either as free or subject to duty, car^ully collateH from the njlcial Act of Congress. The remaining Sections of the Act qf Congress arc given entire, viz, (ADDITIONAL DUTIES.) !^ec. 3. And he it further enacted. That an addition often per cent shall be made to the several rates of duties above specified and imposed, in respect to all goods, wares and merchandize, on the importation of which in Americau or in foreign vessels, a specific discrimination has not been herein already made, which, after the said 3oth day of June, isi6, shall be imported in ships or vessels not of the United States : Provided, That this additional duty shall not apply to goods, wares and merchandize imported in ships or vcbspIs not af STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 207 the United States, entitled by treaty, nr by an act ur act* of Consress, to itc cntcifd in the ports of the Uiiiled Stales, on the payment of the same dutiex as are paid on goods, wares, and merchandize, inipurted in ships or vessels uf the United States. (DRAWBACKS.) Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That there shall be allowed a drawback uf the duties by this act imposed on goods, wares, and merchandize intportetl into the United States, upon the exportation thereof within the time, and in tiie manner prescribed by the existing laws, subject t<> the following provisions, that is to say : That there shall not be an allowance uf the drawback of dwtie» iu the case of goods imported in foreign vessels, from any of the doniinious, colonies, or possessions of any foreign power, to and with which the vessels of the United States are not permitted to go and trade ■, that Ibera shall not be ail allowance of the drawback of duties for the amount of the additional duties by this act, imposed on goods imported in vessels not of the United Statct; that there shall not bean allowance of the drawback in case of foreign, dried or pickled fish, and other salted provisions, fish-oil, or playin|r-cards ; that there shall be deductetl and retained from the amount of the duties on goods cxpurted with the benefit of drawback, (other than spiiits) two and a half jicr centum, and that there shall be retained in the case of spirits exported with the benefit of drawback, two cents per (gallon upon the quantity of spirits, and also three per centum on the amount of duties payable on the importation thereof. But, nevertheless, the provisions of this act shall not be deemed in any wise to impair any right and privileges which have lieen or may be acquired by any foreign nation, undrr the laws and treaties of the United States, upou the subject uf exporting goods from the United Slutes, witk the benefit of a drawback of the duties payable upon the importation thereof. (EXPORTATION-BONDS.) Sec. S. And be it further enacted. That after the 30th day of June next, in ill cases of entry of merchandize fur the benefit uf drawback, the time of twenty days shall be allowed from the date of the entry, for giving the expor- tatiun-bonds for the same. Provided, That the exporter shall, in every other particular, comply with the regulations and formalities heretofore established tor entries of exportation, fur the benefit of drawback. (TONNAGE DUTY.) Sec. G. And be it further enacted, That the duty ou the tonnage of vessels, and the bonnties, advances, and drawbacks in the case of exporting pickled tish, of the fisheries of the Ignited States, in the case of American vessels (mployed in the fisheries, and iu the case uf exporting sugar, refined within the United Slates, shall be and continue the same as the existing law provides : Provided atwatis. That tbis provision shall not be deemed in any wise to impair auy rights and privileges which have been, nr may be acquired by any foreign nation, under laws and treaties of the United States, relative to the duty of tonnage on vessels. (COLLECTION OF THE LAW, SAME AS FORMERLY.) Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the existing laws shall extend to, and be in force for the rollcction of the duties imposed by this act on goods, wares, and merchandize imported into the United Stales ; and for the recovery, colleclinu, distribution, and remission of all fines, penalties, and forfeitures, and for the nltowRiice of the drawbarko, and bounties by this act authorized, «1 fully and ell'ectnally as if every regulatiun, restriction, penalty, furfeiture, provision, clause, tnattcr, and thing, in the existing laws contained, had been inserted in, and re-eiiacted by this act, and that all acts aud parts of acts, which are contrary tv this act, aud no more, shall be and the same are hereby repealed. If': hi- ■ i 208 STATE AND OlFICIAL PAPERS. (act, REPEALING DISCRIMINATING DUTIES, CONTINUED.) Sec. 8. And be it further enacted. That the Act paiBed the third day of March, ISIS, eutitled, " .n Act to repeal so much of the several acts im- poiing duties on the tonnage of ships and vesselsi, and on gtiutls, wares, ami merchandize, imported into the United States, as impose a discriminating duty on tonnage between foreign vessels and vessels of the United States, and between goods importe«l into the United States in foreign vessels, and vesselc of the United States," shall apply and be in full force as to the discriminating duties established by this act, on the tonnage of foreign vessels, and the goutla, wares, and merchandize therein imported. H. Clay, Speaker of the House of Repre*entathe». John Gaillaro, Pretident, pro tempore, of the Senate. April 37, 1S|6.— Approved, JAMES MADISOM. NOTES. Note (A.) To continue for three years ■, after which the duty to be reducrtl to SO per cent ad valorem, provided, that all cotton cloths, or cloths of which cotton is the material of chief value, (excepting nankins imported directly tVoni China) the original cost of which at the place whence imported, with tlie addition of 30 per cent if imported from the Cape uf Good Hope, or from places beyond it, and of lo per cent, if imported from any other place, shall be less than ss cents per sc(nare yard, shall, with f\\v\\ addition, be taken iiml deemed to have cost 3S cents per yard, and shall bi charged with duty accord- ingly. Provided also, that all unbleached or uncolonred cotton twist, yarn, or thread, the original cost of which shall be letis than 6o cents per poniiil, and shall be charged with duty accordingly. And all bleached or coloureil yarn, the origiiuil cotit of which shall have been less than 75 cents per pounti, shall be taken and deemed to have cost 75 cents per pound, and shall lie charged with duty accordingly. Provided further, that cotton piece goods, imported in ships or vessels of the United States, which shall have sailed frum the United States before the passing of this act, and shall arrive therein between the 30th day of June, I816, and the 1st day of June, IHI7, the orisi- nal cost of which cotton piece>gonds, at the place whence imported, shall Imvr been less than as cents per square yard, shall be admitted to entry subjn t only to a duty of thirty-tbree and a third per centum, on the cost of the said cotton goods in India, and on the usual addition of 30 per centum on tliut cost. iVote(B.) Provided, that in all cases where an ad valor'^m duty shall lie charged, it shall be calculated nn the net cost of the article, at the plncr whence imported, (exclusive of packages, commiHsions, and all charges,) witli the usual addition, established by law, of ■i» per cent on all nierchuiidize imported from places lieyond the Cape of Good Hope, and uf ten per crtil uii articles imported from all other places. Note (C.) These duti«;s to he levied, cntlertcd, iiiid paid from nnd after (lie 3uth day of June, next, until the .lolh day of June, ISli), and after that d.i;, i» per centum on the said articles. llie STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 209 NEW FRENCH TARIFF. Extracted from the Lot snr les Finances du 28 Avril, I81C.* Tarlf del Droits, A ar. ler. J.r tftrif des douanes sera inodtfie ct public d'aprds Ics d'tspo* giliuna suivanles : Droit! d'entrit: 2. Les droits imposes par Ics decrets des 3 AoAt ct IS Septembre ISIO, et qui n'ont etc rednits ni par Tordunnance du 2S Avril, ni par la toi du 17 Deceinbre 1814, Ic seront ainsi qu'il suit : l^XORCC DE QUERCITRON de no fr, ; savuir Par navires fran^ais, drs pays hors d' Europe, par lOO kit. (Its entrcpAts d'Rurope ct de la MMiterranie • Par navires etrangers et par terre Sumac dc loufe »orte, redoul et fustet Cingeinbre . . . . • Ipt'cacuanha .... Rhubarbe, et, par assimilation, mechoaean Cachou ..... Ca>st ou can^ce .... Orffille ditte tournesol en p&*e ditte gudbtard cuntiiiucra d payer HUILE DE POiSSON, de 35 francs, savoir : Par navires fran^ ais, de la pAclte fran^aise . den pays hors d'Europe dps entrcp6t8 d' Europe et de la ni^diterraUL'c Par navires etrangers et par lerre, R#.S1NES. Dc ga'iac ... . Ainiiioniaqiie .... Sni;apenuin, siraphique, Inrnmaca . . Elemi ..... Cutte, ou de Cambugium . . . Opopanax . . . . . BOIS EXOTIQUES De Caienne sating, ov de ferole . . De pal ixandre,ou bois violet , . . Rouge ..... 6 fr. 9 12 de 30 & 15 30 4 20 13U0 & 50O tioo k ,')00 Cool 100 i.'so 4 100 eoo 4 100 itoo 1 20 i% «8 de 75 d« 200 dc ^ de ISO K ■ Vol. I[.- m Budget de I8l6, Paris, ismc 18iS. -No. 3. 2 E ! ! 210 STATK AM) OTI'ICIAL I'VCKItS. lVnlo(\^, oil ii<|inl.t()iiiin Oh siiiii(>J lie 8(10 a I DO .1. r.rn «lrc»ilfl i\\i'» par l.i loi dii U DiVrinhrc Mil, mir Ici mnrrhandiwo ci-n|)iVii, lont porh'nt iwvoir: w caf6. I'ar naTiros fraiifain « Um rOIONIFK FRANOA^nrW All (loli) till en)) o rimlf ^•) . . , 83 n'ai!lt';-,i5, \toyn (i'r,iii«<|ti> . , • QB Dis «ii(iT|)iMs il'l'iiioiiool tir In M«'«iil«nniuV . . |i>W Tar iinviros «'lran};«"r« . . . 105 SITH IvS URt' I S Pk* cor.ONiKH FHA .i . 45 lihatif^crs, autre* que blnnc* t I'ar navircs fran^ais, 1)0 rimlr 1)'.iillrmB, l>oritirr.Mr«|>P l)«s «iitri>))A(8 «rr.«ii(>|)r ol lie In IMiililrrrnnfr Tar navircs (ftraiigor* l'".lraHp;cr«, hlana . I'ar nnvirei frant^aix, n<> rindp l^'jiillcHrd, liors «rF.«ro|ir . Dos cntrPjuMs (Vr.iiropr el do In MtMlitcrraii^o I'ar navirc!* ctranffor'? 60 70 7S 80 70 $0 •A 00 src^UKS TEHRI'.S Dcs COLONIES FRANrAisFr, sniiN (lidlinctiuii ('VdiiiVcg . 70 l';iran<;crs, nutvct que hiatus t Tar na^iro* IVanijais, IVs imyn liors iI'I-'uiium' . 9B l>05 nitiTpAjs (I'luiropc o( do l« ftU^litfirau^ . loo I'ar navircH olrangcrs . . . 104 ]';iranf;(Ts, bluncx t Var iiaviro)! frnnj^ais, Prs jiiiys liors il'l'mopi' . . • I|."» Drs inin<|)6ts il'l'mope rt tic In M^tlitiM ruo^c . luo I'ar navircs ilranjjcrsj . . . I^ft SIH'RF' RAFFINli Til /miV«, rn pi>u(?rt, nu ciimli. |>roliil)itioii iiiuiotrnue. II rst aocorJ<\ ni>ii s iiiio aun^i- tie la iiul>licutiuu do In proiioiitc loi, iiiie priint (*) Co qui sVntrmI, quant u Tobirl | kil»- grnninu'H, cstW'ilu'M iliroi'li'iiii'iit |mmm' rriiini^ri' dm t'aliili|iiv» IVtiHVitHi'K h)I>iiI I.ii |iriiiir firi'u til' ()i) tVriiUH |iiii' Kin kiltii;i'.'iniinni, Dm Mrdoiiiiniu-cM i'ra*i6u I'ar iiiivii'Cii«''liati"« «'l ill' In i>lr'ilil(rcnii«V i'lir iiiiMri'dt iriiiiiirrft no f. 90 0. lis 140 IM a >jr. roivni: irr i'imknt I'hi' niiviiTs rriiiK^iiiii Di'K i'i riitri|iAlH (I'l'iirotii' rl ilr lit iMi'ililcrriiilfc I'nr iiiivin't rlrunircni , l|U |:i, Driiroliiuu'ii frniivaiMft, lo kilocriitnini' Dc I'lii.lr D'aillciii'N, liorx iriCiii«i|i<' . . . i)<'N riitr< ('Oil ii'r)iii'(i|ir it tir la Mrdili'iriiii^'u • I'ar iiavircH <'lianjr«'r« . :i fm .1 7.-' rANMM.LK F.T CASSIA I.KJNKA. Tar nnviivfi fr;iii(;ain, Ucs niliiiiit's tViiii^':iiiH"«, Ir kiln(j;raiiHnr , Dc riudc . , . IVailleiirs, liiii'x d'iCili'0|ic . . . Den l'll(l'c|ll^|:, d'l''.iii'0|ic I't dc la !>K-dilcn'mi^c . I'ur iiavircii ('trrfn;:c.iA iMrs(\\nK i:r mac is. I'ar iiavir«> d'l''.iiro|io DvN ciitrciiAls d'l^iiropc 1 1 lU- In IVI/Mlilrrntiik> I'ar uavirc.h'aiip;(M'|>Aii« .VlMn-opr ft At )« M.S J IVd p^y« ti«r!« iVKm-opr ... ".!<> Par nuMir* ^Minngrrn . .10 WtMS l>T. imi&»t5., mRNAMHOrr. 1V» pKy« hrtvn iVI''.nii>)>», fini 100 liilot. . i t rOjN DF iriMlRr (tou«««1rrO, rtlplJAUr ^|irti r^ir|»|lo)0. Pur n(«»tn'« Ci-UHni''. IV« ,vloni«'» l\-«»mto*, |>«i loofcOwf. .1 IV» f »y» ))«)■< «<^l^t><|M< tt r«r nftviren *iift«|(ri« ... t 1'o«« Anltro ^y\% OK 1 i:!Nir«E Movi.r. 40 Mi 100 voo n«>is ivArA.ior Fn Rtlnrn on Mo«i« nynni pitiit i<«' ."< «1«Vimtlron »\"«''i«|»iiiMnir i TV* »-rtK>«i«» (Vniiv«iw!>, |>i»v loo Ki)o)t. 1V« |>ftji« hom il'lsumpr , IS* « n«>r|^A(it <1'l'«u'i>po rl Ar 1m AUillh'i-titn^* Vn planohos, an on in«<)rirr!«, nyiinl He ,1 diSim. h * r«nv't)!^<'*« ^<'* t<^<^ l>i'<*in^*''***^*'" '" IV VlnAv . . flo IVrtilKrwv*, ^«»»''" <'"l'«ifO|»<' » . B7 Vnr n»yim« i^Jmnjtrr* .... .1.1 N> wro«l i>Ht<« At JpiHiinv qHo rPH\ piy>sf>ntTONS KN 1,AINK. IV» roViurd fiflWs"!"'^*'"'' P**" «***•*» ♦^"•r» l«v K»'o)iT ... \n RVATP. \NU ornriAi. iMPKwm. 913 ywn iwvi h«»f» <'■ I'"."' "I"" Vnr Mrtviti'» rli-niigi'i* ri»!««H»'r«, ffr 7'r>fi|wir, 40 (V. A6 ;IU II «.1 II unn nrionU' <*i«i' |trlmp ilr ni« IVnitr* (mi i|itl«t(i>l in^(t'l)|tii' iIp ll*)i«tit ilr |MM i-olitn r^|tiiiin)liii))r<« riiin^tiifiin li!< (00 l(iln|inmtiirt , ' fo Ur* |»nyi« <»»»« iri',«it<|»r , 40 Dm p«l«»'|»A»fi il'lvMiKjd- I'l tir In RK-tlHninHfp . , || I'nr Mrt*ln« ('(rtmnfu ... 80 (IN i/rttMt Hf cff'ii >»-rtit|Or ; I'm iiBViii'* ri-n«vni«. Pill I'liliinirw ftniivrtlii'N , t 10 Itll'llKll' , • 40 H'rtillnn", liKiii il'r.«iii»|»i» . .^ 10 |ii' . An |'«|- Hrtvlu'silintifirifi . .HO DRNTS tvr;;i,f;l»IIANT F.NTIF.IU:a. I'm im< irr« fi n»«;ni», 1V^ roliMiiiNnnitvntiiMt Iph lonk.Uif. . . |o \w I'litil"' . . 90 IttH niMuf |iiiyMl«iiin il'r.iirii|ii> , , |oti |>('« pi«lii-)i6lii )rr.«iin|i(* r( ili> In MMlli'irrtit^«> , . lo.i Vnr nuviromMrnMBrrii 110 Lfm iIpiUh ilV!U>|iliniil iinii riilii^rtM imlpiont iiii druK iloublr. PP.At'X NK(ill'.N F.ii |uiil (if vitclip, bwiirct i-liev«l. \\\x imviw* rrmnjnid, IV'* r(iliHtii>ii finnvniim, pni' 100 kllog. • , | Di-K |i^ • iiiif|i<\iii iriMiriiiM- ft lie In M(>ilil«>ii'tt)i<« . . Itf I'ar iinvircH (Mraogum cl |inr IcriK • . 1ft toii,i;h F.rni'Ks fitnt nrvtri. Tnr If nfiil liiirrnii «le l.illp, lnii|icii , • Vft l>v mnypiiiii' •|iinlU<' < M 2H STATK AN!) OfVICl M. rvrHUf^. ! in.«« r^^\ ft-. Vn\ lo< nnirr* l)iiivnn\ oinnl*. unitt tfMimh'on itf unnliif* flO \.r Ho«n rrm miMit i1«''»rimn ili* i^unlll^i rcitRdir rl \'nv\\\- ilniix rn|>|>lirntion. 1\mu' i<>un ilr In iiuxN^irttion ili-n ilioits, li-w tiuli* ilcvtoMl Alio J»W'M'«lfr« A l,<:)»r>'<. i( |p» 1i>tli'« IrlMlr^, Noi\ |)K (JAi.i.r;. NA>K1N DIN »M>l.s IV* pnyi V.oiK <'« t-niivpiSt* iri''.«n>|>i' rl >l«' In M^MlilmmW-e , I'm- nrtvin'* ^'•innurr* . , I Irt 15 !> 10 ( londr tie poif (I«|M roinpris^ SAI.AISONH. IMVIASSK I r IM'.in.ASSK. Pni vxviiT!" rtnii\'nl«, IVr p«y« !<'<<■» iVI'.iintpo, U'n lOo Vili\B. , , IV-n «M\liiji<\i» il'lM(n»|>o rl ilr l!( MriliirMiin<''r Vm- «»\nf» «'h««!ior« »i |im- Inn* , 4. I.oi cltjol* ri npn^n nr«t»«t *|<<-rinli-nu'ii( iiwi'n ronihii< tl unit ; 4»jfi«f7A\s 6 «vnirfrf> \r kili>tvnm«l«' . , m;sTiArx. JfcrnA <7 fntisYvjM-, \>m- (i^lc .... '■(VTd.v, Ar'i'ncf, hrih(«, niiMUoim, ihfWtrn «'l (MUfn, iWi >«. , ^jftrrtNr, «"hi'M''im> «t I'oi'hons ill' Init, irf. , ('AMPMHI-. Iin\i, )«/rtni- '.v f^inmh, iiUm. . , Chnnvrf^ J rixnpi'. loo «'>loo|>i'n ol Ir Imltio, iW. , . ni AKRONS 1)r^ TlCltlils im|<«)i(t>«. I'ar naviirs «'-|iang;tM!«, Ion 100 KiU)}{. . , I'm oa\i»-<>« frmnj!ti«, W. . . Pnv tn-rrs tW. .... rArrPTirtwi, JV /o »»ri- ft >?.rt'v/(»«.f, r\t'l«iRirrmrn< , rilKVAlX, Miii.r* KT Ml i.ftk, urtr l«^l* nWK .rAVMilimiiuuvi^. IVs \>»\f \\'ivi ■\'V\\\\<\w ...» J>»'v rn(i< |><'>K .ri'.m-opr ft do In Mi'iliUirnntV . . Vai »»\tios ilinnj;Tr,«i cl par toire . • 4 IS 14 IS \* s 1 It a.t II 10 \v\ ilOII .11) « 1 .-^o 1 tl .10 M fi.» II 13 l» ■ Itt llorlo»:f» I'll l»t)i§, STArP. ANI» OFIH I \Ti r\PI,llf». V?K) 111 Hill'* HM v piM* l«im iri''.iiti'|ir |>n riHn prtifi iI'Imhohi- (•( dr In '^tfilitrrrnitri' I'm iinvirp* «'linn}>rr« rt |»i»i- tnif MAIN MOM OMtif' Tnr tinviiri (Vnii\nl«, i|ti< tf ill' III 'M<''ilUivrnM<''(* Vnr Mrtviii'i <''linMari"» «*• |»nr trrrn r,\NON» FT nAUnr.H dp, IUIJ-IM'., limU. IV li< H^rlir IVniiV'i'i'''", Ird )iM» mioBinimtim , He* ji^rlii'* rhmiifi ii'<, I'm nnviiT* I'lmn,"'* C''"'' "'''"'') r«r iinvirr* i'lninurr* r| pnr Icrrp , . 10 \.v\w nilinldHliin HI) ilrnti il'mi flniir «rr« milMinloiiiil^r rt In |ni'ii»p nu'lU niHvii'nni'Kl iri'llnnriit ilc In (i<>nln' (VrtMyniir I'lMtf |«iriivr i^'^oIIimm ilf iViirt milt lift" |trti)lnii ill- ni<'r, ft; rw initrr, ilr In il^'i'liniitinM fnlff, n, II y miiii llf n i\ Mtr nili'tiilir lr>i (tniii ilr l'/>i)iil)iitirf SI In CniUKf tl<''flnriilitiii til roiiilnlfi'.lf ulitiiiiiiilif if in tiniil'imtif A iiiir nipr mlr ^•jpilf nil iloiililf ili"« ilinlU iliinl li' (i<'Niti- niii:i|» ^H' fi'ti^li<-. In ffniiilr, n'Mnitl IIIIH I r. • il^>('i)iM)'i'li<( I't II nr qrin |iliimtilMilN iV |)ttiilitl)r il'iuitri'i ilf'rliirnlloiiii. llni'li>K*'i* ''*< l><>i*« li* niiN'f i lliiiililiiii, |ini' |i)ii hliiigtnninifK , > Kfimi^R, ilH nviiiiif^ ilV'inilnIr, \wt kllour. A'rtf't ^!'ll f«l »i» |iiilii1i'P oil |taiil«-l, fnmmt rnrhcnittr I ,\qrr. Siilnrrltr, r»» fiil/ortt, #n^rnin.« on pn ' Iim niitii'i eniMinrii mm lU'iimiinifr^V PrV/'ntVi' in pflil.i mirc'i oil /irr< hirh, rt Intiirf iiulrff pi4iminlu>n% eiV /i;7Mi', If li, y i'iMii|ll'it If* ('li»»H»i't<, li'R I Hit lilloyi Witifim, lili'MI. •,.,,, iW;iiN»( grrtiitf ^•'nMWc oti firnin*' il\1rinl |iiii Icix! /I'lr OiriCIAL PA IT. US. SUIF lU '■oiiti' origins. Par navirci Tran^iiiii . . Vf. 50c I'ar navircB I'lrHiifrrt et par terra t & TAHAO KN FF.|i|I.I.KM, iiii|Miitf puiu U I(KuUrU^ atimi iiii'tl null : l.rt ilroiU •nW'ririir* 1^ rr lUriTl trronl |«oiit'>4 A «-inii A'aiirn |tnr rriil kiln Kraiumra, |toiir k* mitr«-lian«ltiic«, iWiu»min<*«>« t-ii In |»r(iiuiir tir ri'iiliinm. Cclli-a ro>»|iriara ilaiii hi iroiaU^nir krcliuit |««icr«itil !«■« droila ■iW'oialeincnl tiMliqute pour rhaque artirir. 6. Lraaroi JroUa«l'aiili-^r qui n'oiit Hi' clianR^n iii |inr Ir ru|iorli«iniirllrR (i'ablira *iir In. baara ile rarUcIc |tr^^l«nt, rt iru|ti«^a le tablrau ci-aniirx«|ir^. Le droit prinri|ial i\\i< au )>piiU «rrn aujtiiirnti \ lavoir : I . Juaquca rl y ritinpriii riiii|iiuiilo A'aucN, rt rnflln^, iuraqu'il n'y a poi. lieu a la primr — SK'laiiar. — INiivrect Finiriit.o. fr. i}.'t c. |Mr !(H) kilogiuniinra. Curlirnillc, Colon rn Iniiie dr toiilr NUitr — indigo aiiuii rxirplion. H\t — SoufTrr lirul, rn ranon, rn Hrur. rt in^vln'* aonfTr^'i'v, .'lO c. par 100 kili>K.— I'oruil brut, o I'. >.< r. par 100 kilngrainnira. 9. LmdruilK do sortie (lea prmlnita agrirulea (>t induHlrieta cUntiri'ii i{iifl let brsoinii dii ri)y;iiime lie rt'claiiu'iit paa exrl(itiTciiiciil srront rcduiU de la nmniOre siuivaiilr. liM ii)okilof;rninnu'i. Cnrarti^rrii d'iinprimrrir iirufa. . do 4 f. os c Aoi f. Couprroors rt vitriolfii dr tiintra iiartra dr 4 Oil 11 I (>urruK<-ii en riiivrr, Initoii, lironrr, airain rt iinli'Tii itllinip'B, A IVxrcplioii drh olijcts rompriii itiiiia la I'liiKKr dr In inrrcrric, «l dra iu»trunu-nlH rt outils rt du ruiviu lainiiiifi et iiutrra d^igiirs pur lu loi du 8 Hor(*ul an XI. • > dc 4 U8 A 1 SI Oiivi'tiir* rn ti ill' Mirici'iir) I'lHilr • II ||(irii*)'i (Hiiiiir dr liVlIt' rA)i- lie pnnlrt rl I iiiiii'o Itlrm liliiii . lilrm II III lion DUtii I ii'Ki's I'll pliiiM'lir }li|>ini li III nU iioii ilriMiniiii4>ni mi Itiiiiiim I'l rrnrrni, |» rt fourrnKra, ri '•rniiir i||. p,iKtrl •■rainH'H rt Riiif '•rapliiii. (mill,. ,1,. '■oiiblon l»ili<|iir I.imlc tniitr nortr rl tt.'"", lani diaiiiictiil Vol. ll.-No. Il] sTAvr. AND nrrniAi, TAPrns. 917 (liivfUBm ri» ♦l*!!! (rit«'r|»<^ In olijtl* lU' lii(iili«loltrtt' rl runic « II (iirti»r» . Ciuiiu' •••• liVtl*' ' ' I'&ii- ill* pniilrl fl niili'm |tiiiii Iciiiliiir . I illlMII Ikl^f* liloiii lit* •If I. «. ^ UUv* It iiilrn . iinil ItU'r* ivliil I K'Hr^ I'll |iIiiii<'Im'* MhI MHiroim t'l I'liftlniKiim «Nuf Im |iroliilt. Irm|iiir«ir<'i uii In- tiilrit • Millrl, n«il» «l|»*»l«- «■• •••(•njoli* riinlii'iiiiii I'i vi'lliii y <'iiiii|iri* Ir* Imtiilr* I'liinili liitllu. iNiitiii)', ni yii'iinijlrii rl itiivi'«gi'« rit |)liiiiili hi I iiiariii I'I «li' •MltiM' HN rl lickt'nii ilii ilroil ilr liuluiitp VINM Di; TOI'TI. ROKTI-: r.XI'OHlI^lS l*iir li'< fionliiVi-R ill' Irri'c el Ir* cAlriiilv lu ('linrrulr-lnlV' iirnrr, ilr lu VrniliV rl ilr In l.oirr InlV-rirnir I'trlii KH-ililri-iuiUr rl Ir* frniili^ir* «l'l''*|iH|tnii , I'lir lotil iiillrnr* • < (imrluiii «lr Inrr, ilr |0 r. i^ i rrnl. |inr ||o kiloK, ilr rv f |i»r 4l iMi A :, > A U ilr 4 <>•> ilr rv no A 1 i» 1 un iliiiil lilt ilr 'J no finil* ilr :l iM| i\ M IIIH ilr 1 1 ') 1 Jk ilr :, III A 1 IMI o .to H III M li |iNr lirrlolili*. A o r. %» r. A I oo Uti 09 I«irKni:S ItV. I.AINr: ilrlonlnnnlmr. rniihrf, Oil produil r*, |ini' i to kilunrnniiiirii .10 Liniff, UII lUrlirl |ii-oiliiit |iar Ir Imlln^r dr* Uiiir* rl Ir |M'iKiiii)(r ilr* ilrn|i*, ulrm, • n iiiiitiw, rii lUvlirt |iroilull |tMr l« Ionic tirti ilrnp*, iilim. H 10. I'oiir loii ni^iiu'ii inolir* quo «-miix iIo I'nrlirlt' |ir<'W'«lrnl, rl nfin nani !«•« druiU (|iii vonl tire itni-n \ Rnvoir i I'liRiivrrilr loulr*orlr, yrom|iriilr* /ilonm-* (|inr lookiloK.) 6 ( iilvrr, luiton, iiirnin, lironxr rt itnlrrH •llingrH rn IiiikoIn rl rii niili-«tll(> , . . 8 r.Hi;riii* (rr ijni nr •'rnlriiil i|ni> ilr* mnli^rr* nnimnlr* rl vb- K^tuniiimuIrN, »nn* antiT ilvkthiation) . " ^i^ I'Uiii lirul, *oil rn lioKiiU *oit ro iiiitrnillr . 2 r Ra'uf* rt tuiircaiix, la pi^ce ... Vuiiicn, n^Miiitiira <■( liuiivillona . t 8 Vi-mix cl pnrri iiaiiH ilidliniiion • 3 rii^vrts, h<-ticrii, Itrchia et moiitona ile race cominuno . " r.o Agiivaux it clu'viruiix ■ " 35 Bewrro, Mi>if let prohibition f temporaim ou locale*, 5 franra par 100 kilogrimna, II. Lei droii* Je aortie Ae» marrhundiMi et deiir^cs ci-apt .'a wroot Riigment^i ou regularises ainsi i|u'il suit : Ctilloiix A faiencr «t A porcrlaiiif, de 51 c. 4 9 fr. par lookilog. — Dfrlr,ou Urre de potG«laiiie, d« i fr. 3 c. A 3 fr. par luo kiloifiaiumea. BOISSONS SPIRITUEUSE8. VlifctolUre ilVau-dc vie de viii simple, double et rect»fi6e, ou raprit-de vin, de lu c. A ."iO c— de kirchwauer du droit de balance, A 40 c— des li<|u<-urs et rata- fiiiA dc loute soric du droit de balance, A 3» c. Os, enrncset sabotade b^lail, dc 10 f. A 90 f. lea 100 kilof;.— PIAtre et pieriei A plutre, di- i fr. les 1565 kilog;. A IS c. les loO kilufciainuies. K^SIN ES de ;iiii, de tapin et dc mitiat. (Le% lunkilogj Brutes d'exsudatiou moll*, conerile ou banat ft galipot, it ] et 3 ( r As fr — BrulvH obtenuea par combustion concrite uu brat gran, liquiii All goudron, de I ct 9 fr. A i fr.— Kpurte, uu pAte de l^r^ben thine communt, fine, de Vtniw, tie Chio ou de Soleil, d« SI c. A S fr.— Distillecs, ou issfiirr d« t^r^lifulhine, de 51 c, A 50 c— R^idu de la distillation, brai tec ou arcanui, rnlnphnnt, rhine d'/iiiile, de I e ''"'•. A 1 fr. TcRRE BE Marnr, do ]S c. 1r« 3,000 kilog. A 9 c les too kilog^. Terre de pipe, de lo fr. 30 c. lea 9,ouo kil. A 6o c. idem. Droits de balance du commerce. 19. Le* droits ^lablis par la loi du 34 nivAse an V, pour faciliter laformalios d'une balance de commerce, sunt mudifi^s par les dixpositions suivanttii: La farult^ de d^rlarrr A iViilr^c les m£mcs mBirhandiNrs au poids ou 4 ii vnleur, est supprini^ : uu dcvia <>iioncer exclusivemeiit, suit le puids, le nom- hip, la mcsurc on la valcur, confurmimeut au tarifetabli, pour I'entr^p, pir le laliltau ci-uiMiFx^ uu. 3. 13. Lps inarchniidises dont I'cxportation est aulori»(tc moyennaut If simplt droit de balance, coniinc n'^laut pas d^nomiu^es au tarif de sortie, devroiit Hit d^cl.iiees suus dcs iionis admis au tarif g^u^ral dV*utr£e. 14. Files paieront. I. Celles i\»\, A Peulr^e, sont tax^es an poids, ou prohib^cs 85 c. par lOO kil. 3. Crlles qui, A l'eiitt*c, resteront taxtes A la valeur, no- nobstant les articles ci-apr£a . 174 pour 100 de la valeor. 1j, (..es drolls debalmi qui pnrlent, A renlr6e, lu tit, irruul mis en concord It). Toule marchandisr rslvur, d'npr^s les lois dn mil, ur poiirra £tre inip< Jriiil de i'arlicle lc plus u 17. I.e dteimr addilloni Ml insiiitenu, jnsqu'A ce q TVu M, l.e taxesur leu icU |iir kilugrainme, jusqu'A c( Tint ip. Lf s acles d6livr6s pu |r ilro.t est tiglb romme il Huur les acquits A caulio lion et les cunimissions d'ei Puurles qaittaiiccs dc droi Puur toutes les aulrcs txpt l.'sHminiiitratinii lUa «Jou leiadesoD produit. Lm (litpusitious cl dessui In agens dti dounnes : ccs 1 NEW list of Con lOlfiimdest. JuDiperi e liffii I perpouU . I' " 'auri baccarun per pound ■ lavendulae ' lixni rliodii sassafras — Macis — Majoranae — Melissai Mentbae Millefolii — Neroli Nucis moschatac \ — Hosarum, pav pound ^ '^ ' ' — Rulae pe STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 219 \i. \jrt lirollt (if baliince et nulrr« encore flx6« Ian* ii(Te»«il6 it la valriir, on qui linrtciit, Al'cnlr6e, nil' iIm ui>))^f diflT^rcntei Ue ccllea adiiiii.i pour la lor- IK irroiil mil en coiicorilaiice par le tableau ci joint aoua le n. 4. l(j. Toute mnrcliandUe admiae au larkf d'entr(>e, qni piiir inaintenant d la Ttlrur, d'npr^i If! loU dra aa Autiuricus Alcaii volatile AquH flores napbae, per bottle mentliac pipvritae, do. ' Coloiiieiisis, per 12 flasks Hiiugarica, per bottle Arcanum duplicatuni, pay per pood . , I Biityrnm Antimun. pay per poiuid C:tl)im('las, pay per pood 3 Culcothar Condiliini aurantiorum fruct et fort. . . 5 — citri corticum . 5 citri fructus . 5 Cydonioruiu . 5 — — Cynosbati . 5 — Nicum Juglandum 5 . niuschatorum 5 5 13 16 SO 50 50 50 13 SS 85 75 75 SO 35 50 SO — Ziuziberia — < atkermea — aromat. ' cyuae C'diifect. menthae pipcrit Conserva rosai'uni Cciullia alba et rubra praepa- I'BtU . • Coruucervipracp. ' I aHpatuin I'.hwT ustuni album ■ nigrum rasputum L\i\u I'arcguricuin, per pint !2S 25 ss 35 50 50 1 so 50 Kniplnstruni anjjl. super TulVia ni^T. all), et rosnr I RmiiliiSlrum ancltc, per \i picrt'8 Einplastruui in tViiiitriu Cxtracia, pay per pound Flin-es snlpliuris, pay per pud Ziiici . 2 Kali cuiisticum, pay per pound Kermes niinerale Lacca in ii'lobulis Lac siilpburis, pay per puod i Lapis infernulis, pay per pound Maf^isterinm marcaNit 1 Mercurias tilb. pracr. Mercurius dulcis, pay per pouil 3 — — — praecip. rubr . per pound 2 — — — solubil •— — — sublimatuR, per pnod a Opodelduch, per \-i fli^sks 1 FliosphoruB, pay per puuud Pulvis pro Limouailc Unzerii Sal acetosellae — a'nglirane, per pood — Cathart. — Curnu cervi vulat, per pound — Glauberi, pay per pouii — Nitri — Sedlicense Sapo HitipanicuBalbus — — uiarmor Venelus Soda — — depurata phusphorata, pay per pnum Specie's, pay per pood Sulphur, pay per pound Syrupi, per bottle 'I'artaruB vitriolatus, pay per pood Ten t foliata tartari, pay per pound — — . — ronilerosu saliia 'I'rui'hitei, l-i boxes A. pay per pound Vitruni autiiuonii, pny per pnoil r< 3U M '■'1 ■ >» 3n J J JO 5(1 jii 2'. .'ill ''■> STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 231 i .>ft 1 •J.-. 1 50 1 .'.'. 1 j'l 30 id 5U a 5.1 und M J 2 .-111 )ui>d fiO j« [>UU(I 1 I .v» ( 1 1 1 ■ pouiul 2 .111 ■2J per ' per I 51 ,Vi (J FRENCH WEST INDIES. Decree of Louis XVllI, respecting the Trade qf Guadeloupe' I. French vessels, coming directly From French ports, shall be admitted in all ports of Guadeloupe, and in those of the isles and its dependencies, with an injunction to report their arrival at the nearest custom-house; to perform ail the formalities according to law; to take from thence their return cargoes; to pay the duties iuto the hands of the receiver of the district. II. Until otherwise ordered, foreign vessels shall be admitted at Basse- terre, as well as Pointe a Petre ; in consequence it is allowed them to intro- duce into the said ports the articles mentioned in article Sd of the decree of the 30th August, 1784, and even, provisionally, salt pork, on paying the ordinary custom-house duties, according to the tariff hereinafter men- tioned. III. Foreign salt beef and pork, admitted in virtue of the preceding article, shall be subjected to pay the additional duty required by article 6lh in the said decree of the 30th August, 1784. IV. Foreigners have likewise the liberty of introducing cod-fish of foreign fiahirg, by paying the additional duty as mentioned in the royal ordinance of February 8th, 18 16. Cod-fish of French fishing, and that of foreign, introduced by French vessels, shall be free from this duty. V. The product of additional duties being destined to the premiums of rncouragement of French owners, the administration of marine and that of the custom-houses shall conforni, on this account, to what is pre- scribed, as well by the said decree of the 30th August, 1784, as by the royal ordinance of the 8th of February, 18l6. VI. We permit, moreover, in the two free-ports of the colony, the entrance of cocoa, indigo, rocoa, bark, cassia, sarsaparilin, ginger, gayac, and campechy-wood, morphil, caret, whalebones, spices, and foreign rums, by paying the duties as mentioned in the tariflP. VII. We confirm, at the same time, the (Mrohibition of the foreign colo- nial productions whose introduction would be contrary to the preference which those of the growth and product of the colony merit. As to the productions of other French islands, they shall be admitted in both ports of th;; colony by paying the duties according to the tarili". VIII. The European productions and merchandize of French manufac- tures, as well as the articles whose importation is allowed Ly the decree of tiie 30lh August, 1784, shall be exported out of the colony, free from all duty of custom-house, both by French and foreign vessels, the articles of first necessity excepted, upon which we reserve to ourself to determine according to the circumstances and necessities of the colony. IX. Are annulled, from this day. Vol. II.-No. III. eFS 222 STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 1st. The additional duty of five centimes per franc on all those of en* try and exportation. Id. That of seven and a half centimes on colonial produce in compensa- tion of the poll-tax. Expecting to provide in a more simple manner for the expense of the royal bridges and roads, to which the produce of these taxes was assigned, X. The duly of anchorage, established by the local regulations of the »6th of Jiinnary, I8'it», is now under the title pf Domain Maritime Duty, but the actual taxes arc reduced onc-tliird. XI. The duty of departure, botli for coasters and for ships on long voyages, equally established by local regulations of the 24th December, 18. (J, is also reduced lo one-third, and its product shall serve hereafter, either to the re-imbursemeni of the amount of the dotunents and receipts delivered by the custom-houses, or to cover the expenses and furniture of the offices appertaining to that direction, and to account to the treasurer for the overplus. The duty of weighing is annulled. XII. Through the dispositions of the present ordinance, the new cui- toni-house duties and receipts which belong it, arc fixed as follows, viz. Entrance Dulles. French merchandize, coming directly from a French port, shall continue to pay two and a half per cent, on their value. Those foreign, determined by article ad of the decree of the 30th of August, 1784, that determined in article VI of the present ordinance, shall pay henceforth only three per cent. The same, introduced by French vessels, shall pay only one and a half pcif cent. Live stock, for tilling or markets, coming from foreign countries, shall be free. Those of luxury, imported in foreign vessels, shall pay three per Ctnl. And in French vessels one a half per cent. The productions of the other French islands shall pay eight per cent. Foreign rums, or ratifias, shall pay, for every hundred gallons, thirty-six livres twenty-one francs sixty centimes. Foreign cod-fish, and salt beef and potk from foreign countries, shall be submitted to the additional duty, whose destination is mentioned in article V, of three francs per quintal. Export Duties. All colonial productions, together with the articles whose introduction is allowed by article VI of the present ordinance, and which shall be directly exported to France in French vessels, shall pay only three per cent. Syrups and ratafias exported in foreign vessels shall pay three per cent. And when by French vessels, going to a foreign port, one and a half per cent. Productions and merchandize of French manufacture and growth, with the exception of those mentioned io article VIII> shall be exported to fo- reign countries free of duty. STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 223 Anchorage Duties. Agreeable to the disposition of ariicles X and XII of the present' ordi- nance, the duties of anchorage and departure shall be as follow : — fr. c. Vessek^ of SO tons and above 21 60 80 to 100 25 20 100 10 150 33 40 150 to 200 43 20 300 and above . . Coasters from 5 to lo totis , to to 90 flO to 50 50 and above , Anchorage. French. Foreign, fr. c. 28 80 33 60 43 20 57 60 72 Departure. French. Foreignt 54 fr. c. 51 60 25 20 52 40 43 20 54 1 80 3 60 7 20 14 4u fr c. 81 60 Sf) So SS 40 43 90 54 Duties on Colonial Produce, In lieu of the poll-tax on the negroes on extensive plantations. Liv. s. fr. c. Per thousand, on Clayed Sugar , S7 or l6 20 Muscovado 18 or 10 80 Per quintal on Cotton IS 10 or 8 10 Coffee 4 10 or 2 70 Per hundred gallons of Syrup Q or 5 40 XIII. The duties mentioned in *' e preceding tariil' shall be settled hy the custom-houses, accorJing to th.' following regulations, viz. : — Those of entrance, both for Fiv.nch and foreign vessels, on the whole- sale prices. Those of exportation, both lor French and ibreign vessels* by orders which shall be issued the first and sixteenth of each month, by the judges of commerce of the cities of Basseterre and Pointe h Petre, conjointly from the comptroller of marine and collector of the custom > houses. XIV. It is expressly forbidden, under the penalty of forfiiting ship &nd cargo, to any vessel, cither Frenci or stranger, to go through the Salt River. XV. The decree of the 00th August, 1784, regulating the conditions and forii>>alities according to which foreign vessels shall Ik adnr.itted in the colony ; the dispi^Miions of the act concerning them sbuU be primed at the end of the present ordinance. XVI. The dispositions of the regulations decreed by our predecessors, which are not contrary to the present ordinance, and particularly those of our ordinance of the 23d instant^ relative to the exportation of specie, ure equally maintained. XVII. We request the members of the superior council, and order the officers of the inferior courts, to record the present ordinance, which bhall be read, published, and pasted up, in all places where it shal! iw deemed necessary. It will, moreover, be recorded in the records of tli« colony, and notified to the superior otllcer? to enforce its execution. 224 STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. AN ACCOUNT of the IVumber and Tonnage of the Ships andFesiela which hare *«. tered Inxvurds, andcteared Outwards, at Canada, Nova Scotia, New Urunswick, Prince Edward's Island, Cape Breton, and Newfoundland, to and from my part of Europe, South of Cape Finisterhe, Malta, the Western Islands, and Madeira; distinguishing each, in each year, from 1806 to 1814, both years inclusive ; and the Number of Men employed therein. Number and Tonnage of Vessels entered Inwards at the British North Aine- rican Colonies, from the South of Europe. New Prince Canada. Nova Bruns- Edward's Cape Breton. Newfound- Scoiia. wick. Island. land. 1 a. a t 1 c • a. S i. • W C V le ,o A P ja ,o ^ ,o *^ o mm ,0 >• c« f" 'Ji 3 H 423 • • H (» H II. t- •/J 2121 1800 1 1!)2 • • ' 5 is K s S S 18 1807 3 632 3 430 1 161 ^ -g^^?,^ 19 2090 1808 7 1753 3 3M . • --%l-Z-J^ 11 I3ti6 1S09 1810 6 8 1100 1316 1 5 102 618 • • • • Z.3. »-^ rt-s — 25 58 3111 7214 1811 62 11,446 14 2517 2 459 f^ <« r- i = .2 95 1 2,7 jj 181'J 26 5264 12 l»62 1 256 ^^giss-SS. 39 W21 1813 1 170 4 630 1 175 J r* 72 10,CJ3 18!) 3 480 11 l.')24 I 190 .. .3 1 425 38 6138 Num ber and Tonnage of Vessel ' cleared Outwards from the British North —^ — Amer lean Colon ies, to the South ol Europe. Nf.w fniKc ' C;. uaila. Novi Bruns- Edward'* Cape Breton. Newibuiid- •A c5 «coti;i. wick. NUind. land. t a • C/1 • s. i i ■i 1 (A o j^ ,0 — O '-. o *- ,o "cs ,o JS ,0 1800 H b"4 261 n ^ yj r^ r/3 •-« 73 57 h 117.-] 1 f:i^ ScS r 78C9 1807 8 IGOi o 310 1 l61 •S'.^l^-g, 42 5553 1808 2 37! 4 3!) 5 ^ , , , ■V> 5792 1 80!' 8 1327 3 300 • • ,. »5 12,770 1810 12 1235 4 4iy , , , . 144 18,!10-| 1811 II 13 >5 4 654 , , , , 143 iy,(i23 ISlC V2 4057 335 y 1580 113 15.915 I8i:i 1 \0b 1 125 • • . • - H l« 185 28,797 I8I'1 a 83;- 3 346 •• 7 1 1135 lo3 ^6jK)fl Years. Numb Canat en t 'ISOO- 6 f 1801- 13 n 1802- 20 2J 1803- 20 27 1804- 13 IS 1805- 21 '2i) 1806- 17 23 1807- 7 9 1808- 26 35 IS09- 24 2i» 1810- 24 28 1811 - 46 54 1812- 29 ♦0 1813- 18 30 1814- 29 1- i5 STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPEIIS. 225 ^11 Account of the Number and Tonnage of the Ships and Vessels employed in each Year in Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Pkince Eowahd's Island, Capb Breton, and Newfoundland, /;wm the Year 1800 to the Year 1814, both inclusive. 2121 2090 I3(J6 311 7214 I2,7jj| (021 10,G33 0138 ^ 78GS 5553 5"y2 12,770 IS.S'Ol iy,(J23 15.915 28,7y7 26,i:k^ Number and '1 oniiace of Vessels entered inwards at the British North-I Years. American Colonifs from the BritUh West Indies. ] New Prince New- Canada. Nova Scotia. Bruns- Edward's Cape Breton. found- wick. Island land. a. i t i i tr. s. !S 1 s t i 'ISOO- en 6' o .a e2 12 ,3 1209 JB J3 f2 33 3864 84G 48 4357 __ 35 1801- 13 1783 57 5675 12 1830 — — .^■S^S 46 4588 1802- '20 25ti4 64 6554 20 2315 —. — O.t vv 22 2276 1803- 20 2749 59 6438 20 2283 — — IS 5 i „ 31 2847 180-1. • 13 1916 42 4947 14 1306 — — 37 3780 1805- 21 2927 42 4641 14 1340 — — 48 4950 !80fl- 17 2386 44 4405 15 1682 — — >-':;?l<2»s 47 4yj0 1807- 7 972 48 4792 14 2001 Nil. Nil. ^^'OaT. 50 5078 1808- 26 3598 122 12650 27 3328 — — — . |S«J2 57 o6SI 1809- 24 2975 123 12095 17 1834 __ — . =^^-§2 64 6778 1810- 24 2848 119 11422 18 1825 — — JiJlS^S. 82 8812 1811 - 46 5447 120 12396 28 3682 — •— 85 9352 1812- 29 4054 87 9916 30 4147 — — 57 6177 1813- 18 3008 116 14699 21 8422 — — — — 65 7653 1814- 29 4545 114 14418 34 4518 — — 1 169 51 7447 Custom-house, London, 27 May, 1816. WILLIAM IRVING, Inspector General of the Imports and Exports of Great Britain and the British Colonics. ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE. Treaty between Great Britain and Portugal, respecting the Slave Trade; signed at Vienna the Q2d of January, 1815. IN THE NAME OF THE MOST HOLY AND UNDIVIDED TRINITY. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal having, by the tenth Article of the Treaty of Alliance, concluded at Kio de Janeiro on tlie 19tli February, 1810, declared his determination to co-operate with liis Bri- VoL. II.— No. III. 2 G 226 STATE AiVD OFI'ICIAL PAPERS. tannic Majesty in thi> cuuso of huniunity and juslict*, by adopting thr most elTicaciotis means for bringing alM)ut a gradual Abolition of the Slavr I'rade; and his Iloval iiighims, in inirsuanrc of his said Declaration, and desiring to ctFectuatr, in concert with his Britannic Majesty and the other Powers of Eunjpe, who have been induced to assist in this benevolent object, an imuiediatc Abolition of tiic said traflic upon the parts of the Coast of Africa which are situated to the northward of the Line; his Britannic Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, equally animated by a sincere desire to accelerate tl ; moment when the blessings of peacefid industry anil an innocent commerce may be encou- raged throughout this extensive portion of the Continent of Africa, by its being delivered from the evils of the Slave Trade, liavc agreed to enter into a Treaty fur the said purpose, and have accordingly nanie«( as their Plenipotentiaries, &c. Art. I. That from and after the ratification of the present Treaty, and the publication thereof, it shall not be lawful for any of the subjects of the Crown of Portugal to purchase Slaves, or to carry on the Slave Trade, on any part of the coast of Africa to the northward of the E(|iiator, upon any pretext or in any manner whatsoever: provided, nevertheless, that the said provision shall not extend to any ship or ships having cleared out from the ports of Brazil, previous to the publication of such ratification ; and provided the voyage, in which such ship or ships are engaged, shall not be protracted beyond six months aflcr such publication as aforesaid. Art. 2. His Royal Iliginiess the Prince Regent of Portugal hereby agrees, and binds himself to adopt, in concert with his Britannic Majesty, such measures as may best conduce to the eflectr.al execution of the pre- ceding engagement, according to its true intent and meaning ; and his Britannic Majesty engages, in concert with his Royal Highness, to give «uch orders as may cl}'ectually prevent any interruption being given to Portuguese ships resorting to the actual Dominions of the Crown of Por- tugal, or to the territories which are claimed in the said Treaty of Alliance, as belonging to the said Crown of Portugal, to the southward of the Lina, for the purposes of trading in Slaves, as aforesaid, during such further period a$ the same may be permitted to be carried on by the laws of Por- tugal, and under the Treaties subsisting between the two Crowns. Art. 3. The Treaty of Alliance concluded at Rio de Janeiro, on tlit 10th February, 1810, being founded on circmnstances of a temporary nature, which have happily ceased to exist, the said Treaty is hereby declared to be void in all its parts, and of no'eflect; without prejudice, however, to the ancient Treaties of Alliance, Friendship, and Guarantee, which have so long and so iiappily subsisted between the two Crowns, and which are hereby renewed by the High Contracting Parties, and acknow- ledged to be of full force and etlcct. Art. 4. The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves, and engage to determine by a separate Treaty, the period at which the IVade in Slaves shall universally cease and be prohibited throughout the entire Dominions of Portugal ; the Prince Hegeat of Portugal hereby rencwiug STATE AXD OFFICIAT, PAPERS. 227 ii'iH foi'incr <1<*claration and cngagcmoiit, that, during the interval which is to ela^MC before such genorul and final abolition siiall take etlect, it shall not be lawful tor the subji-cts of Portugal to purchase or trade in Slaves, upon any parts of the (joast of Africa, exci-pt to the southward of the Line, as specified in the second Article of tliis Treaty ; nor to engage in the same, or to permit tiicir flag to be used, except for the purpose of supplying the transatlantic jiossessions belonging to the Crown of Portugal. Art. 5. His Britannic Majesty hereby agrees to remit, from the date at which the ratification mentioned in the first Article shall be promulgated, such further payments as may then remain due and payable upon the loan of G00,000/. made in London for the service of Portugal, in the year 1800, in consequence of a Convention signed on the 2 1st of April of the same year ; which Convention, under the conditions specified as aforesaid, is hereby declared to be void and of no effect. Art. 6. I'he present I'reaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Rio dc Janeiro in the space of five months, or looner, if possible. In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and have thereunto afiixed the seals of their arms. Done at Vienna this 22d day of January, 1315. (Signed) (L.S.) CASTLEREAGH. (Signed) (L. S.) CONDE DE PALMELLA. (I.. S.) ANIONIC DE SALDANHA DA GAMA. (L. S.) B. JOAQUIM LOBO DA SILVEIRA. jiddilional Article. It is agreed, that in the event of any of the Portuguese settlers being (leiirotis of retiring from the Settlements of the Crown of Portugal on the Coastof Africa to the northward of the E(iuator, with the negroes bond fide their domestics, to some other of the possessions of the Crown of Por- tugal, the same shall not be deemed unlawful, provided it does not take place on board a slave-trading vessel, and provided they be furnished with proper passports and certificates, according to a form to be agreed on between the two Governments. Dispatch from Viscount Cattkreagh to the Earl of Liverpool, relative ta the Abolition of the Slave Trade; Paris, July 27, 1815. My IjorA ; I have the honour to enclose lo you an Extract of a Pro- tocal of the fifteenth Conference, held between the Ministers of the four Allied Powers. I likewise transmit to your Lordsliip a Note, which, in consequence of what passed at the fifteenth Conference, I have addressed to Prince Talleyrand on the subject of the Slave Trade. I have, &c. (Signed) CASTLEREAGH. ns STATE AND OFFICIAL PAPEU9. (Firhl Inclosure.) Extract qf the Protocol of the Fifteenth Cot\fcrence. Viscount Castlereugli, his Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State, &c., in reference to tlie communication he has made to the Con- ference, of the orders addressed to the Admiralty to suspend all hostilities against the coast of France, observes, that there is reaMtn to foresee that French ship-owners might be induced to renew the Slavs 'I'rade, under the supposition of the peremptory and total abolition decreed by Napoleon Buonaparte, iiaving ceased with his power ; that, nevertheless, great and powerful considerations, arising from motives of humanity and even of regard for the King's Authority, require that no time should be lost to maintain in France the entire and immediate Abolition of the Traffic in Slaves ; that if, at the time of the Treaty of Paris, the King's Administra- tion could wish a final bui gradual stop should be put to this trade, in the space of five years, for the purpose of affording the King the gratification of having consulted, as much as possible, the interests of the French proprietors in the colonics, now, that the absolute prohibition has been ordained, the question assumes entirely a different shape, for if the King were to revoke the said prohibition, he would give himself the disadvantage of authorizing, in the interior of France, the reproach which more than once has been thrown out against his former Government, of countenanc- ing re-actinns, and, at the same time, justifying, out of France, and par- ticularly in England, the belief of a systematic opposition to liberal ideas; that accordingly the time seems to have arrived when the Allies cannot Iiesitate fotmally to give weight in France to the immediate and entire pro- hibition of the Slave Trade, a prohibition, the necessity of which has been acknowledged, in principle, in the transactions of the Congress at Vienna. The other Members of the Conference entirely coincide in opinion with Viscount Castiereagh, and in order to attain this end in the manner the most advantageous to the authority and consideration of the King, it is agreed that it would be adviseable to ]>reface, by a few observations, the verbal communication to be made to lh(> King and to his administration, in order that his Majesty may be induced voluntarily to make the arrange- ment in question, and thus reap the advantage of an initiative, which will remove the idea in the interior of the kingdom of a tendency towards re- action, and will conciliate to the King, in foreign countries, the suffrages of the partisan? of liberal ideas. A confidential representation is to be made to tne King accordingly. (Second Inclosure.) Note from Viscount Castiereagh to Prince Tu'Ueyrand; Paris, July 27, I81A. Prince ; the official order to the Admiralty, which I had the honour of transmitting to youi Highness on the 25th, having suspended hostilities against the coast of France, and against French ships carrying the white afATE AND OFFICIAL PAPERS. 229 flag, I have been directed by my Court, without ilelay, to call your atten- tion to the necessity of guarding, under these circuiiistanccs, against any possible revival of the Slave Trude. The British Governnnent conceive that, under the operation o** the law of France, as it now stands, it is strictly prohibited to French subjects to carry on a Traffic in Slaves ; and that nothing but a specific ordinance could again revive that commerce : but, whether this be the true construc- tion or not of the state of the law in a technical sense, they fe. I per- suadetl that his most Christian Majesty will never lend his authority to revive a system of this nature which has been, di facto, abolished. I have desired Sir Charles ^ tuart to communicate to your Highness what passed on this subject at Ghent ; ihe assurance the King was at that time pleased to give to the British Ambassador entirely tranquillized the Prince Regent's Ministers on this subject ; but now that his Majesty has been happily restored to his throne, they are most anxious to be enabled at once to relieve the solicitude of the British nation, by declaring, that the King, relieved by the state in which this measure now stands from those considerations of reserve which before influenced his conduct, does not hesitate to consider that question as now for ever closed, in conformity with those benevolent principles which are at all times congenial with the natural feelings of his Majesty's breast. I have, &c. (Signed) CASTLEREAGH. Disputch from Fiscount Casllereagh to the Earl of Liverpool, relaiivt to the Abolition of the Slave Trade t Paris, July Sg, 1815. My Lord ; I had the honour of transmitiir.^ to your Lordship, by the last courier, the note which I had addressed to Prince Tall'-yrand on the subject of the Slave Trade, as also the protocol of the proceedings of the Allieo ST ATT. AM> OFI'KMAt PAPRnS. hf* nioM <'hriMiir M.iir«)v. «lrrl;»ting the Slrt\f Trml* for fVfr aMi^lKM ilmttigliiMH ilir ilomittiniK «( rr.inf^. I hnvr, Aic (Signed I ASTI.KHI- AfJil. P S 1 )i|(r\vi«r tn««wn io yoiu l.rtnUhin a f<\y>\ of ihr Hi>«vi>r which 1 luvo iii)(liT«in« nj' I'roncf ; Pifn, J hit! M\ I8«,%. My LonI ; I bmc tl\c hononr (o Acqo.iint your I-'xihUcmcv i\\n\ iho King, in fon««'q;!«'i '•« of «lw cnvorwiion W Ivm \\^^\ y\\\\\ Sit ("Idulr^ Suinri, •ml of ihf Icuor whirli vom Isxcrllcnrv did tor iltr lioimnr to *.vtiio lo lor on thf V/lh inMant, hA« i«Mic tinnancf of the traOic for a frw ycarji. Hr had only done »«», lurattdf, on thr one hand, he wri awnre that on thiit point iherr oxislrtl in Franrr pre- jnd-t'm, which it was at tital tinir advisable to «ooth i and that, on the othfr hand, it wan not po!«!iibl<* to ascertain with precision, wltat length ol time it wonld iinjuire to mnovo thcin. Since that (teriod ihene prejudices have Itcen allaoKetl in several publioa* Uons, ai>dwilh sitch c((cci as to alTord his Majc»ty, this day. the satis* faction of following, without reserve, the dictates of his inclination, tiic more so, since il ha<> l)ecit |tm«Td, hy inqnirics ntadc with the grealctl care, that the prosix-rity of the French colonics, not Iteing compromised by the immediate alM>lition of the trade, the said abolition is ttot contrary to the interests of his stthjects, intcrcMs «hieh .ibovc all his Mi^jesty thought himself l)ound to consult. This satisfaction is increased hy the idea, that his Majesty at the same tiitte d«K8 what is agteeahic to the Ciovernment.-itid people of Great Riitain. Accept, Ac. (Signed) TUF, PRINCE \W. TALLEYRAND. (Second Inclosnrc.) fi»ie from Vtscounl Cnsllrrrngh l6 Prince Talleyrand in reply ; Paris, July^M, 1815, Tlie undersigned, his Britannic M^^esty's Princip.tl Secretary of St,ilP for Foreign Affairs, has the honour to tcknowledge Prince Talleyrand's STATK ANU Ol'l'iriAF. IMIM. «•». ail fi iiol« of ihi^ lUtp, miivfviitK In him lliv •l«'i-t«iiiti tthpii liv lii< no^t Cluixliitti Mii|P^ly rMiiillv <<• iilDili^lHlifSluvi 'I'iimIc iIumiikIiimiI llir I'rptiili doiiiininii^. 'Itir iutilrr'r not ii iiiomiviiI iti lrllll•ltlil•in^ llii* rnmmniuontiott in lii« Conrl, nml lir %rn(itrr«, in ihr nicn)i linip, to nsiiirn liii lligltnfi*, llint llir> Kiiipt cniilil ixii linvp liikrii niiy (Iplrriiiiiiiiiioii itiiiro |ifriuimlly gralfru! lo llir Priiii'r Hc^iil nml lo ilii< wiiok* llriiuli iiniinii. riif iiittlfiKignril, iVi' ^Si^iiml) CASTIJ'.UiiAtJII • IHI'.AI Y Wmi Sl'AIN. Tifitlil of h'rifmUhip umi ,4iliitnt-r lirtwfrn hix tlrHuniiir Mt\fr»tti ntul hiit t'lilhoiii ytiffmltf, I'mlmnnil thvUlt. Mifnrd at Mndtid,lht '>lh dujf IN riitt NAMR orriiit i^ost iimlv tiiiniiy. His Mi^i'<«()- till' KiiiK i>r llii< I'liilril Ki)i|(il(Mii ol (trml Hti<»iii niiJ lirliiii(i, atitl lii* Cutltolir Mii|i>Mly, iH'iiiK :ilitiirr of iiiiwcr ill l''iiru|ir, iiiid of riiitoriiig |H*ai;c iutlic world, linviMoiiMiliiti'd mid ii|i|Miiiili!d, hv.. Alt. I. Thc'rr' rIihII in liilnr*' lir nlriii hiiiI iiiliniiilr nllintifT bctwiTii h\<* Nhjrsty (lir KiiiK of tlic United Kingdom of (Jri'al llriliiiM iiikI tmliind and iii^t'atluilii; Majpuly, (lirir liiMn and miCiTmon; and in roiiii liY no ttu MIS lo injiii'c any otliriMali'. Art. V. riu- |.«tNt'h( alliaiu(*Hliall in im way drrof^atc from llif liiMlif* and alliaiu'CH wliii li the liiKli conlraiiing parlies may have with oilier |Hiwm, it being iindetstoiiil that the said treaties are not contrary lo the liicmliilii|> and giHiil iindeintanding, wliicli it » the ubjeel uf the iirescnt licaty tu ceinenl and |i«'r|ieliu>le. Art, ;). it having been agreed by the treaty signed at I^tndon on the nth day of Jaiiii.iiy, IH(t!», to piuifed to the nefjoeialion of a treaty of iDininriee between (iieat Drilain and S|>aiii, as fKMin as it slioiild be practi- iubW lio to do, and the two high «:onlraeting parties desiring iMiiliially to pnilect and extend the commerce between their res irclive snbjci l>*, promise to jiruceed without delay to tlie furination uf a delinilivu airaiigeinent of nimiiieice. Art. I. Ill the event of the commenc of the Spanish Ameriraii posses- lioiis being opened to foreign nations, his Catholic Majesty promises that * For tl OFKK lA!. rATKHH. CJtT-at Ikilnin iluiU \w adniilti'tl Jd lr«ilf with JIkvi* )»ms(«<'(ii»n< a« ihr nifwl fi. TiH' |»n'^i'nt Itviity nItuH !»«• r«»ilio(l, .mil tin' rn(iliriilion< uliall Itp f \i'hnng«Hl witltin lorty iltiy*. "i" «ix»nor if |»iw\iltl('. In wiln»'w» whffviM', wollir nmlmtKnt*)! |>ltni|itiliiirip« hnvmlgnpil, in virtiir of n*«|N*«-livr full |Huv«n, \\\c prrti«>iil (n'Mly of IVifnU»lii|t and atliinii r. aiitl li.-ivo mmIimI it with th<> uraU of mir arnii. l)onp ill Maitn«l,tltii« ■')ili dny nf July, IRI f. (r.. s) II. \vKi,u:si.i',Y. Thrrr AiUlitionnl Avtidrn lo the Tinilt/ ([f frirnihhip and AUianct ht- lurrn hit Attfjetttf nnd hi.i Culh 'lie MuJcUi/ t\rdinund the Seventh. fiigtirdat Mudvii, Jtifruxt 'is, 1814. .\it. I. It Ih a^rctHl that, (UMiding thn nogiK'ialion of a hpw trouty nl i-omnii'ii I-, (iroat Uiitiiin •ihall he adniitlod to Iradi' with Spain n|Mtn (In- Mimi' condition!^ iW (hone whirit fxistrcl previously to the year I7M0. All Iho tn*atir<« of (-oininni-v which at thai period KiilMiileti bftwccn the two nations hoing horelty ratilird and rontirnied. Art. S. His Catholic M.tjcyty conruirinK in the fiillntt iitannrr in the urn- tiiiienisof his Hritannic Majesty with respect to the injtislircand inhumanity nf Ihctrntric in slaves, will lake into consideration, with the delilieratidii which the sl.itc of his possessions in America demands the means of acting in conformity with tho«e sentiments. His Catholic Majesty prDmisn, morooviT, to prohibit his suhj«vts from engaging in the Slave Trade, fortiir purpose of supplying any islands or possessions excepting those appertaining to Spain, and to prevent likewise, by eltoctual measures and regulations the protection of the Spanish (lag beinggiven to foreigners who may engage in this traOic, whether subjects of his liritannic Majesty or of any othc^ state or iwwer. Art. 3. W . Britannic Majesty being anxious that the troubles and dis- turbances which unfortanately prevail in the dominions of his Catholic Ma- je>ty in .America should entirely cease, and the subjects of those pmvimn should return to their obedience to their lawful sovereign, engages to take the most <-lK*ctual measures for ptvventing his subjects from furnishing arms, aiumunilion, or any other warlike article to the revolle«l colonies in Antrrira. The pivsont additional articles shall fornt an integral part of the treaty of tViendsliipand alliance signed on the 5th day of July, and shall have the sann* lorce and validity as if they wen- inserted word for word, and shall be radiied within forty days, or sooner, if possible. In wiiiuss wlu'rt\)t', we the undersii^ne the seals of our arms. Done at Madrid, this JSlh day of August, 1814. (l.S.) H. WELLESLEY. 'i33 IWV PRCMT.KDINtiS. IIIAHI.KS HUlVroN WYATI', ES(1. irr.fii.f I HANCIS (iOUK, KSQ. {.opti from Afr. liuineijn nhort-hnnd Notes (^ the PinceeJingt nit lltt Triul itf' thii Vaunt, in the Court of Vommnn PUm, hi/ a Special Jurif, Itrfhre the Might Hominuhk Lord Chi^' Juttive (iibbi, at k'eitminsUr, Hinnidnif WlhJuly, IB Hi. The Dcilnrutlon wik opened hy Mr. Richahdion. Mr. Serjeant lU'HT. " May it please Your Lordsliip; Oenllcineii of the Jury ; " I ahi uIm), ill tills eaiet Counsel for the riaiiilifT; und, Gentlemen, I am fire ((I c-onArss to yon, in tin, oiitscf of the causf , tliat this Is a case that ii, on the part nf the I'laintifr, attei> Cd with very cunslderabte difficulty } •lilTicnlty wliirh I should cniisidrr iiisurniountabl«, hut tor a most dreadful lireach of the law of which this Dcroiidaiit has been guilty, whcwe duty it was to maintain tliat law ; I say, Gentlemen, hut fur that, the diflkulties I sliuiild have to contend with upon the counts of lliis declaration which have been (irst opened to you, would be Insuperable. " Gentlemen, there are upon tiiit record three grounds of complaint slated. The complaint stated in the fir^t three counts is this, that the Plain* ti(1', l>cing wliat is called Surveyor*General of tlie Crown-lands in Canada, had been, without any reasonable or probable cause, suspended from that olFice by the Defendant, who was the Lieutenant-Governor of that pro* viiicc. Tlie second ground of complaint is, that after the Plaintiff had liecn so suspended, tbu Defendant wrote letters to the Secretary of State lor the Colonial Department, for the purpose of preventing the Plaintiff fiTun being by His Majesty restored to the office from which he had been suspended. 1 should ive ; but when the same thing is imputed to the Go- vernor, only in a dilferent shape, where he equally liad an opportunity of pleading a justification, he has done no such thing ; however, Gentlemen, it will be for him to-day to substantiate that justification, and I believe he wiii !nve as great difficulties in doing that, as I shall have in proving the charge." Lord Chief Justice Gibbs. " You know, brother Best, the justification is pleaded only to the second charge ; if the justification be pleaded only to the second charge, as they have pleaded the general issue to the other counts ; if you do not in proof make out the second charge, they are not called upon to prove their justification." Mr. Serjeant Best. '* 'i1iey are not called upon. My Lord, but if they do not, that issue must be found for the Plaintiff, for that will be upon them. Lord Chief Justice Giises. " No, that will be disregarded by the Jury, as you give no evidence upon it." Mr. Serjeant Best, " I am ciuite cojitent that it should be so. My Lord. Gentlemen, I desire you to dismiss froiii your minds all I have said as to the second charge, except my apology for not proving it. I have quite enough to settle with the Defendant upon the first and third charges, both of which I have no doubt I shall make out, and wlier.* I have made them uut, I think they will give me a claim to as large damages as ever were pronounced by a jury in a court of justice. " Gentlemen, the first charge is this ; that the Defendant being the Lieu- tenant-Governor of the province of Upper Canada, in which province the Plaintiff held the situation of Surveyor-General, for the admeasuring, sur- veying, and setting out lands ; that whilst the Defendant was standing in tiie situation of I Jeutenant-Guvernor, and the Plaintiff was acting as such Surveyo^Geaeral, the Defendant, as such Governor, suspended the Plaintiff from the execution of that office, and of course deprived him of the profits af that ottice, and that he did this (and it is necessary this siiould be stated u[)on the record, in order to give us a cause of action against the De- fendant,) maliciously, and without any reasonable or probable cause. " (rentlemen, the law upon this subject I will state, subject to Ilis Lord- ship's correction, anxious I assure }ou to state it correctly; and most de- sirous, that if I should fall into any mistake, what J state should be cor* rected by the high authority, before which I have the honour to address yuu. " Gentlemen, a Governor may, if he pleases, suspend a man in the p' •.•- cution of an office, or dismiss him from that ot}ice ; if he does this, though 2.1(5 T,A>v rRorVF.niNr.R thevc WM no cauw of tunprnsion, ypt, If tlif Covrinor liaJ reason to «i|i. fH)«pthpr»' »«s f,ni«c of xuopiMKion, nnil lie ''i'l i< in wliat hr lonrpivivl to bi* (!»• dm* (lUchargp of \\w Huiy he owed lo the <>\iv"rior guvi'mmcm whii'h sent him then*, no nction lien ogainnt him. tienii'iivn, no miin wtMilii accept ihe ^iluatinn of Govprnor of any pi-ovint <•. if he wt« to l>r marie answerable, either in an action, <»r in a criminal pt-oceeding, for that which he did hnnA Jide i thmigh, tliereforc, I should pitne that the Plain- tifl was snpend(d the I'laintitT, knowini^ at ihetinir he Iicf nialit e against th<' Maintifl", I cannot, \\\y(m this part of llip chargi', ask fo\ your vertUct ; it is ftn- me to make out, not nuncly the suspension, but tlje want of pi»bahle cause for ''.at suspension, and the malice ope- rating upor, the mmd oi tin* 1 >etii>ndant, suspending and inducing him st in)po»sible to shew that an act of this diHjcrpdon, was an act ^t unfovtnnalrly the (>i>vernor has leinncd to write : antl the Governor, in a pa.iiphlt'l winch he hai published, and upon whirli 1 shall havcsonu^ Mn>n|i obserxaticns lo \\\ \v in another part of thisi-anse, hat fttated his reasons t>)r suspending \h Plaintilf fmin this ofltce, ami. Gentlemen, I undertake to prove that every om* of tliose reasons is faUr ant! unfoundetl, and I'aUe tothc knowledge of the Governor; C^fntlenien, when I shall have done thai, shall \ not have brought you tothi' conclu- sion to whicii I must bring jou. thsit he not only, at (he time In" suspended the Plaiitiift", h.id no cause for such suspicion, but that he knew he had no »uch «a\ise, and thai he die' it malicionsiy ; for if a man do*** a thing wliirh he knows he ha« no right to do, and assigns a false n'ascnt for doing it, the infoi'ence, thai lie do* -.il maliciondy, arises immediately fn>nttheacl ilsrit, and My Lord would tell you it wmild be unnei:essary for me to give oilipr pri><'>f ol (!vp existence oi mahv «.' in the nnnd of vuch a pci-son. Wliat liii thiT prv><>f ran wr rcf a proxincc, whose duly it is to ni^iin- tain the law, whose duly ii is lo put down libeJ«, after he has done to a man all the mix hief lie < an do, by removing !iim liom Ihe situation by wliieli he IS to jict li;s!;veli!i hhI, and lo maintain himself and his family in credit, js, after ihyt, to become the violalo, i»l'thc law which ho oiigh; to maini.ii!!, LAW IMIOCI'EDINOR. 237 mid nnf>r lie Ims riiinrd n inaii in hi<< rirc iitiistnnce^, (n iiKprnpt tn deMrov his ctiarncler by a fahv accusallori ; is nut tiiin (lie mmt tng^nt nnd irrf - •ittiltif? evideniT ol nmlicc ? " (ij-ntlenM'n, I sliiill provp to j«m the Misprnnion nf the riaintlff by the Defpndnnt, nnd I will rcHd t(* you i\v iucoiint given nf (linl susprnsiMn from lite piitiiplilct, whii'li t uiidcrtHk*' to prove to lie pnbllsltHl by the Ciovcriior, in lt!s govi'innicnt in Cuniida, not in England, but In Cnnndfl, ivlicrf lie coiilfl be tidied l> no aitonnt. I iindprlidtc to p.ov« this pnniplilft to b«' published by him ; iind, Gentlenient we slinll hiive in thia puniplili't llu" reasons he ns«i(!m for his londiict ; it purports to be n lette* Hiidreosed lo the Higlit iioiiourable l^ord Castle;engh, une of His Ma- JHstj's Principal 9c(re(aries of Stale. It bt'|»ins in this way, • My I/ird, as the Province oC Upper Canada has recently liecoine an «ibject of the lirst consideration lo (treat Uritain, and as several attempts have beenoindr hy ;i lew turbulent and factious individuals to disturli the peace of the province, and impress the public mind with an unfavourable opinion of it"^ Hoveriiment, and when the authors of those mischiefs are not contented with lieliiK let down easily.' (.ientlemeo, you will find by and by that !)• is speaking of the I'lainlill as one of those factious individuals, whose in- ti'Miion it was to disturb tlie peace of the province ; and this gentkinan who piiblislii'l this pamplilet lliinl'duced from opulente to a state of hfKXary. I should like to know what the (ioveriior would think severity alter tills, ' but have had the »'irroiitery to bring their complaint* before tlir public, and make an appeal to the British Legiilnture for redress; I Inis*. rMi improper motives will be imputed to an individual totally inde- pendent of eillier party, for submitting to Yonr Lordship such informa- tion as he has been able to collect on this important itibject.' An )ndl> vidual totally independent of either party wiites this, that i» the Go- vernor, against v'lioiiilhe PlaintiH' had \m(\ (he effrontery to complain (n the English House of (Commons, and (hat is (he height of impudence; i( «eeins It is effrontery for a man wlio resides in a foreign colony, and cori- lidrrs himself oppressed by (he Governor of that colony ; it is the height of impudence for that man to call for the |)ro(eclion of (he Government of (hat country from wliciKc he went (o that colony. Gentlemen, I am ijuile sure that (he House of Commons, and the Government at home will never think *his impudence; on the (onlr^'ry, I am persuaded that I do lail justice «» the Executive Governrieiii — I do but justice to (he House of Commons, wliosc first fluty it h (o pro(ect every man in this happy loiuitry Hgainit tlic abuse of authority, when I say, (hat so far from its beiug connidered an elVronteiy to petit inn the House of Commons, and to make a complaint againKt any Governor, that the House of Cjummons will always lend a must willing ear (o sot li complainis, and, if there be any foundation for them, will think it its lirtil duty to take care ti.jt (hose c»m- plaints be r«-(liTsse(i. " Now, (tentlemcn, I come (othe pur(8 which shew wha( was the cause of removal. — * I he Governor,' you will recollect it is (he Governor wlio ^vriti'* this hiuiKidf. — ' 'I'he Governor is accused of having driven from the 'i3l\ I AW ruot r,r,t>i >m;«. «>irn-Iy for h.ivtufi. in ihtiv oIIWimI r;\p.»r\»ii's, op|Mr»'ii \\yr nriiStMi V \\\t , w,i^ M'>Ho- in (In pixHintc' N«nv, (;iM\llin»ni, \hM vint m^y Imvc no «lo\ihul\nt »h»» v is Inn- nM>nV\n(i ot tl»' p-«>5rnr IMrtihtiH, I \\\\\ ivftil ftiunhW |S!\rim>-,\ph \\\ Ww «rtmi' iwm*. • I'imm* iimnli v \ W'rtinwl )l»n» ih»* Hvntlvn^vn itliiiilnl to', llv.ii is, ilie nnnlinvn who wi'it iti^unbinrt thp »i)unnv, nnij wvn pi tniomnn y\\\' IIomvoH ommonn, ' wni'.hulgpilioipi-, Mr. \V)«U»\hi' S\irvv>orl»nuTal. mnl \\y W ilrOiKs, Cormnly rtHh»'\i(<; Viilfiv rhv>rp>', m\ \ii<.limnn, liivmi iiml iiisorirtlr.' lit iVlctni'o, I will not 'l,Hr x\l\,H !>. '-.wA ol Ml. llu>rpi'. \m- \\A\v \\\i\\\\\\^ \\m\\) \\\\\\ Itiin lo-tlay ; \\w m koninji \\\(h liim \\\\\ ^^>\\\^ anothrr «lrtv ; t«U (hnl l«r Is ronsiili-rni rtsonvoi (I,,' piiNotu whosr ol>iiil it wa^toiiupn-^s \\\r pnhlii- miiut with an Mnt.iwMnMWv «^>inio» o( thi» lioxi-nmi o( iimmlit, mul «hftt lu' wiw a^ soiiflii'.i wnl', prisons ti>v tlv" pmpiHrs ot MAlnion. " N\«'i«e, in p;^l^^• 5, «o tin- paM Mv. \\\n\\ is MipponrJ to hrtvr InnI »n this, ' I'hv Snivi-NovlJmoftti' ihni i« Mf. WvnH, (or hr l» ntpuliomil «s siu-h, ' liming tln« pi>iiui< wfl*«ot wttntitig in 9va\. He wnn prmnuKil bv ihr Jiiilp- that In* l\>«Mni»Mon wa^ prttninonni to tin" t^oviMiiorV. anil «l»n thvMi>>i\nihot ilm piiwrtsion In' iinontittrtl tlnM«o»tfltl>ilft«y, tmhm vaii-anirthN- iwi*^ in Ins drpnftnn n» •, h\s (irM i Ink ^n i'«>spin-tAhli' oM H!»«lli*- wan, who hml Ihmin in ihowrviiv h<(oii' Mv. \\ ynu was in I'XlMwui-) luil |>iv>«imM Ui giw Ins \o I'ov a mi mluM- who wrts consiilnrtl iw wi-ll al- <\rlt\i towaixh t>ov»iiinH»n» i fot litis o(U>niv \\v WiW InslAnily itiKn)i«s«>il fixM« l\is ivrtn^v* Sotlt.v it sin>itu i^M' ot' tln> givxtnnls toe tlM> Oovornoi di^wissinpj; hin^ w.ts. tl».it iu' had tntin»»l ont .\ waw Invattw In* hacl votnl ftrTlioMwmnH. ^i^1^t^n«on, yon will ttinl lhi« to W ahsoltttrly \\\\m\ li>i \hv lixMitlvnian hsii ili>il, lunui-ll, to n^siun, an«l was n«>l ivntoxvil ; his ri'ttitftfttioii was a<>^^Mi>l, l>o havitt;);. InntsHf, fxM- simto irtMXt t>i oth«; what w\' know itiH, il«»sn\>«l i\^ ivMjm his sitnitlioi). ' Ono ol" lhi> priiu ip»l Mihnvts ot vl,itt>oinnn>nl was, whnl tlicy tiTinrd tin- \mpi\nt»hN,t \\ii«to ot lanil.' i\th>im*n, I mtlst hvf^ yotn par- innilav ait<^n»i«>;i to this lot it sj'^-nts to ln> slatvil as a stixmg giv>«n littU* iltstt^vwii's, that x»vt>' inadi' rtlHMit this jvi»i-ioil sh»'W»^l, that th»*y wriv as tvailv as thiir »ioij5,Sb«'Hiix t>i» «\;nl thnOM'lw o( an> i>ilvrti>tagt»sot tltissotl, awtl not omi >-xTU|M»li>\»s in tlivir ou»iins 01 .>htrtinin|t thntt; Mv. \N vatt hail olM;\inontlni\iii, .1 lia»l tVi»tw a t'oninT < Mnx^nHn . ' aiw< i« sxUNttng prtt\-»ls i'>( laitil tn (a- »^i!'al>lo situatiixts. to »>vinpM»* this gvant. ho t'wi^l liis i y»' tipon a K)i o( two ln;mlit>l ant's, n<«av Niaifsva, whnh ha»i l>«vn »loatx"il mnl ihMipii^l )i\ a tlislwniKii snjxMnt «>( Hnthi's Kangovs, ttaitt«il ^ onng, W^- np- naixls stf twsMMv \n>»i-s Mt. \\ salt ntxagiiu'il Yotntg ha«l a ih'livlivp iiiKn i;r»«i that iiio ianil i>M|iht ho li^^lly wi>>sti>l t'tvitt hint,' so th.n titolaw IS m«»'i I > wi\x.t :i thn\g t'i\>nt a ntaii. whuh is not ihv way in s*hich tho Usv ptx"h>>tHis tn (toiuTal; it «K>i»s ttiH wtxM ii\>m a ntan l>y timv; oniv takos thnt whuh »N>os not l>i long to a man ; ' ivgaiilU^s of tho in- :i'vt;iY ami mhiimaiiit^ ot tho «'t>>l, ho tiv^t o\aimit<" . AdillMin, nirsih- ol NiitMitiii, anil tiiiilii^ (Id- rmiit a i|iNii',il)lf iu(|ni'*i(ii*ii, Im' inniifiiiulily ni> noit, (() rol) \\M titd Hiilillcr ot li'm hiii(|.»>ii;'nr(l nwiiiiU, tinti (hi* (iiiiU 1)1 (went V .v<*iH iii(lit<lf itml liiMilly |M>nnyi<'m «i|ti)ii (he xvoi'lil. tVrviiHiity «o ;ui} timil lii-hiK |i(rnnlr*lt tni oltW iiil |tii|tpi- \n imwntt'tl Innn thi* ortWr ol llic Snivi'viH-Ucncrnl, «l«'liiilinn thn citrnitt- M»mTi ol'ilip M in (|ni-<«li(tii. I Itii i'r|iiii( ii diviiliMl into M'vi>ral Diltiinns, tn«rntptl ii<« vutHnt and gmntitltli', i>y xvliirit ni«>an<< he !pn<*i'al H'nH-tn* iMllip y«ar ITlH or 3, (Ihih dHVatin^ a d«'«|)-laiil sciwini* lo rnlt Iht' wi«low »tnl fatheib'w of HM?ii- law|\il inbi'iitanrc; who, allti «nrh a«ts, can ihh's- (ittn tlit> i(!Mir«> and innpriilv •>! di^mitiiia^ Rncli a pi'iHon fnuu Uk otlin''' " lleir w«' hav«* it then, (•cntlemon, in the ( iovernor'n own w«mN, nlial ho wan di!nniii<:(>d )°oi ; I'or hi' sayi. ' Who, alter i«nih aclii« can (|umtlnti thpjiHlii-p and |m)(tri«>(y o( dinniinninK Mi(!h a perMMi fnm'. hl« oillt'P.' (It; M,iH lliiMi, ti(Mi(li>n;(>n, as it appears I'ntnt tlilrnnu>nl, for (iniilailnK n>|Mir(N nuMl jajurious to Uovoniinenl, bnt nmnt parliinlarly lor a nio!i( tyrannical, iiitjdst, and ittimiitoiH ad, in di'privinff an old r ol' the rewahl of hisn, ami in taking I'nnn him a portion ol lanil iMJiich had been aliviuty ivgtilarly allotted to that old «>ldier. Now, (iiMitiiMncn, I shall bi> (liiuho hear my Lcarnt'd I'Vii-nd prove thi^lacl, I will tell yon by and by nhat wa truth, bnt it it ononi|h for me to say, that not tme word id the alloi-aiion ol' this land was known in the Province of I'pper lanada ai the time of this snspendon. I admit that tliere was imjiiiry afterwards h>«p«Ytiag an inrgularity, ami il went no fuitlier, bnt I will slate by am) Itv what il was — an irn^gnlarity in the conduct of Mr. Wya'.t upon this Mihiect; bnt I slate bniadly that when the (tovernor as, this as a gnnmd for the act that he has done, nnlhing u|iun the Mihii\-l was known at the time, and thvirfure il is u reaiion that is abso- lutely false ; (or (icntlemen, remember that he states that Mr. Clench liisi-ovetvd this, ami that il was Ihrough Mr. C'leiich it reached him. Now that (nal)les nu* to stale, that the (jovernor conhl not know any thing about thi:< at the linn>, ' this came to the ears of Mr. C'tench, vim vith ahumanilx iuid Kcal which will ever relied homnir upon bis name, iinmevliaiely applied lotlieCioverimr for relict.' Now (.ientlemen, I slate III tins part of the case that all this is false, that is, that it is falsi- as a reason iv)i siiii|H*nding this Ijculleuun from his nllico, for I sljlo that Mr. Clench t4(1 T, \w rROf'F.r,f>iNn^. «rvrr \\\.n\r my r(>mmitniiatir>n »i>il)c nnvciiuM (ill Al\r\ >fi. \\ yuM Wrii rrmmnl; till rtOi'v he liidHil* «ln" pn)vimt, nmi wan liiivi-llinft tnwiir.l. Tvngbnil. (M'nll«'m»'n, If thn« i< w, \vlii»»cMi iin-nnLiiity or ini|m>piii')v of «t>ndMrt mny l>rlo«j< \n Mr. WvuM ii|>i>n tlii* m)I)j<-!(, it i^ nt»« Inn- «lia» ihe C?rtvrn\i« Mi!»|><'»ul»'H Win (hr ihnt Kasun, (or n innti rnnnot nrl iinon dnj i*aMw wi(ho»;t hiivSng in(t»rniii(ii>n ofthc rxiMoiuf of (hn( miiHr, niul I rtAt'miVit hmnillj, nml ! rl«'(y «)y l^'ionnl IVirml lo roiidnilirl nic tipmt ihK ihnf tin- iraxon a^signrd upon ll»iA |v,ininlili'( for (lnfMnpimion o) Mr. VynU W fnlM*. fi»r it wns not known lo the (Jovrrnor ll»«t am «nrh IrtMil \vrt% in i>\iMi»nrr; (hut no f\\\f (art l\cvi' «(ii(imI, cnnio to (lie knowIHgp of till' <;ovi»rnor till Mr. >Nyittt liml \vi\ the |irovintp. If I am roniti in tin*, I «hrtll Imvv mt\il«' ont, to yonr »!»(iMa, l\<* has «lonr it for '(onvirason he ilarc not avow ; for whnt n ninn ^i^ n falso ir,\«on, hv «1oc< it b«TiUi»»» ln« tinn* not givr tin- trn<* onr ; ami \ bad as is hen* ropn-smtul, still it i onlil not hr the nmti\i for (ho art of thi» CJov«*rnor. " f»>ntlomi>ti, npon that pari of tho rnso I shonM hopp soinp fvidcmr will h*' gon»* inh> on thp othn- side, ifthcivis, this will app«>ar, thai at'ti i thr (>ovornnn»nt in F.njtlantl had rxantined into this hnsini'ss, they wm pi»r(\>tly satisfied, and so rxpirssrtl (h» insi-hi-s, that thi' rondtuiofMi. Wy,Att nprtrt this oit-asion was most honoitrahh- and most rorn'it ; (Jintir r\wn, \ will ?tat«» tt) yon what it was, and ht n\y I .< arnrd I'rirnd sfi* win th«M- ho r»n vary it in piMof. Mr. Wyatt had ol)taiit«>d a grant o( v:^^^ iinvsof land; Mr. Wyatt was dosiiwis of having this land in tlicdistriit of Niag.ira. (.^entlomon, h«* s«'l«^ti'd 1"?00 arnsof land in that ilistnu, tn what is ralltni the Loiation Paper ; thm> stood « wtainly in ont* of tl\i <>>lnnins. th<» nanv of Shvihal WHton ; Mr. Wyatt in(|»iir*»«l what li.ni l^ooimo of Shnhal Wcllon, and if tlu'y go into this nisi*, this will appm It is «*nongh fi>r nu'thal nothing of this was known at th«' tinif ; and hi- liml A hHtei- fi\>n» thr highest pn-son in that re tobp a m>neniity : henatnrally ronroived that this name had pot In some mistake into the l<>tation Paper, tnd he U>ok the grant to liini'rli. •IS he legally might. This is the whole of the case as it appeared to lli* M.^jestyV (government wlien examined into, and they eaine to the rr^o Intion they wei\'jnsti(ietire as tiify always will do, w»miI'I iu*ee->saiily comr, jnstityingthetonihut of Mr. Wyatt ; bnt, (akinjj; this to be as had a"i it i< here represented, il lonldnotbe a motive for thiscondnel; lainawaif i( is s(,iteovcrnntcnt Hjwn the suhj^t. »c shall spp wlinl il « hit It villi ^lali;.' I.i)iil (Jhh'f Jir MajiNty's (»(M! :: inli), and I iiiii siii ',, ll'St ill VMM ml Mr. Sfiji'iiiit III |,iirdsliip, I tli'sire |irv i'Mo('ni-,hiN(»«<. 241 ^liull spr wiml it ii, liiit Diir ri'pit 'filial ion i* «lirt'(lly IIm* fcvcrsft (if fluit wliitli V'll Millc." 1,01(1 (Jliii I Jiixlitf CJiiiMi. " 111 ii^iikI III liny aiisw 'r i^ivni in Mil Mit|c'< tried ii|ioii IId; «-viii«>nr(; wiiit li idiall liC ppilMifd, and only wisli I slionid In* |H>iniitlcd to go mi." Ml. Si'iji'iinl l>,Ni. '• My Lord, I iiiiisl ihli"r|ioHc if tliii in I'j I»h pfN .iif.lin," I >iid Cliicf .'iwtici'Ciinii'?. " I really tliink, lirolli«>r ^e^l innM lie |irr milled 1(1 iliiU* what he « iiiceives lo lie the faitiof the ( ase, ami the law liraiiiin n|iun these fai li." Mr. Siijeiiiil I.P.Ni. " My lirollnr lleil ii aware, thai ujion Uipv far It li.ii ili(irived of the pimMilillily of evidehir;." |.i)id Cliief Jnslire (iinBs. " (,'ertaiiily, lirolher l!"sl liai placed ih* Drieiidaiit in nil ankward r.iMviin^ly «lil1ii nit to nn'ct, and, lIuMffon*, a cliaii;r :>!» Govnnor on^lil la-i'vly to ni.ikc ; Imi I rin nircl il ; I will i all to Vdii porsxMis liigli in tii.- cnloiiv ; I will rail to \ou Mr. Jnstirc riior|:- , and llu Majesty's .\ltorni (Jrnrrai in that iiioMnic; and I will provt' liy tliciii, tiial s«) furlVitni Mr. Wyatl l>. nin rnga^ji d m any ol those tactions tonspi- rai'iiN that \'vrr po-^-iUly ovistin^ in that colony, Mr. Wyatt had nothiiii- to do with thiMii ; that a more honmirahli* ni;'.n in his pnl'lii- duly, ainl •xivaif lili". was not known m tl \i' «'oionv " (I'i'ntlcmon, il is iiisMuiatcd in oUut parts of this pannihlct, thai fth, Wyatt was intiii^nmg wiih tin- Indians; yon kno.v thai ;liat province ad- joins tin- dr-i it inh I'ntcd liy Indian tr.hcs , they arc sonutinics, gcncnillv spcakinit, very n,h)d iViiiids to the llrili-l: (.ovcrninenl in that (piarter; is insiiinatcd that Mr. Wva't w.is i.itrmniijj w;th tin in; licndeinen Isli. » .ill licl'ou' yon the chid' ol' one of Iho-^e tril)e>, who i^ a Hrilisli snhjcd. ('Cntlciuen, it is «tate<; tt) nie :liat that {^entlenuni is not here at this n\n- nient, we hac', reason to exiiecl him to be lier< lie, and I do hope that he »iinie liet'ore (he »a(i>i' i-t «)vii-; hnt as I wi^i, to deal l.iirly with ni\ I.eai IVicnds, I thank mi Learned iMieiul hehnid ine forst»-jiping nu-, and pre- venting \n\ sla'.in)!: I'lat, l)efore we know whclher lu will be lu're or not. I h' _n> ,iiid irnst he will lu' lier<' bclore the cause is over, and lie will In* called ; bnt by the witnesses who are here, by the Leanu-d .bidge, and tin* Altoriuy-CteHeral, 1 nnderlaktMo dispose of that p,n I of the rase, and I think yon vill h.ive no diliicnlly in indginjt of tlial, when I t'alsity liie main ^ronnci of accnsalion stated npon this p.nnphici. *' (ienticinen, 1 come now to the la.t ch iri.;e I have to make against tin- I.ientenant-f lovernor ; bnt het'ore I p.nt (lom this, i shall also prove, hy the testimony of one 'if the gentlemen to w liom 1 haveallndcd, that l.icii- tenant-tiovcrnor ^i in conv<"i>atioiis he h.ul with him, stated, that if had Ihvii his (I.ncrmiiialioii. ever since ju- came to the |.;oviiice, to reiiiovi' that gcntle.nan I'rom hi> situation , he must have been acting, thercfoir. on indie Uc the lavss of the pmviiicc: his lirst duty is to put down libels; ,i.id vet yon will find tha! this pcntle- inan, in tlic province of whicii he was (lovenior, circulated, as 1 will jirovp lie h.ts, the iiasnpiilct i hold in my Iiaiui, a pamphlet ontaining as \\y.\\ a libel, as it :s pos>ihIe to jiiit npon paper; he states hiir. *i) bo an associal ■ willi « Mr. A\il!cocI.s, formeir. a ijhciifl', Juilgo Thorpe, aii Irisliiiuni, friend and nsinci that Mr. Kniinet ■nun is a little Iri dou'rilwrs that g III the province.' paragraph, (.'ai true, than that I I (iiivernnient, nn tr.iitors to the d letted; we all kii and at such a tini iif hii conniry. piihlished of any t.iki'ii the course if lie had thoiighl know that tliungh the trutli in evidei the courage to bri triitli, and the I)< liiishhelof the PI tlial lihel slates, ai tjie tnith, howevei liis anger to boil course ag.iinst a |) had your verdict ; hilt he has not do I his cause is preseii liim, they are pnb s:i\s III! is not gnill heiak'Mi that all \ veriior has, therefi lh.it he is guilty o all widiDut any mi| " (n'litlemen, if upon yon to give h hirdod'ssake, whe h.id llunight propi him from the seltl •^tniKcs—when he ' li'Hi it is that the high station in \vlii( mediate n-presenta then it is that this p of a common libelh for it was not sold, lie has boxes full o( the colony : tansiii; Ik- presideil, a libel LA'.v pnocF.rniKds. 043 frirml and assm^iatc of the colrlmitfd KmmclJ, and licad «)f this trio;' <;(» (hat Mr. Kinim'U was the head of llic trio, K|ieakinf( of Irt'lami, tin' nonllc- inun in a iillli* Irisli in his calcnhition, haviiiit im-nlioii)*d four, and (h(*n \h'. ilnci'ilH's that gcnilniian uh ' tho tnovci-of all the faction and Inrhulcncc in the provinio.* lie tlicit staled that which I liavf read from tlu> other paragraph. Can then' poHsibly Ix' a more ahoniinaliU* libel, if it is not Hue, than that I have mentioned ; it cliargi-s gentlemen high in olVice under (Jiivernment, receiving large emoluments from (»overnn>ent, with hem!; (r.iilors t(» (he (lovernmenl, with leaguing with persons who were tlisat- (cded; we all know what was (I.e time of (Ii(> puUlication of this paper, uiid at snch a time this gentleman is stated to be in league with the enemies III ill-, conniry. (ientlemen, a more malignant libel than this cannot be puiiliNhed of any nvm. Is this fuls< lin,,? I say it is; the Plaintitf has taken the course which would have given the Difemlaiil an opportunity, il he had thought proper, of proving its truth; because, ((enllemen, you know that though if n man he prosecuted by indiclm«>nt, he cannot give (lie truth in evidence, if the person lilwlled knows that it is f.dse, and has llioiourage to bring an action, lie challenges the Delendanl to prove (lie tnilh, and the Delendant might liaVe pu( (his upon record. I publi^iicd this lihel of the PlaintilV, becavise I undert.ike (o prove that the n, in tiis hi.; h situation, is found playing the j>ait of a eoimnon libeller, and oiiculating this pamphlet, not by s,i|« cerlaiiny, for it was not sold, bul causing to be printed; and 1 will siiew you, lluu he has boxes full of them, for the purpose of tlislributiuir in every part of (he colony ; causing to be distributed in every part of the colony in wlii< l» hi- i)rcsided, a libel ui)Oii an unlbrluiiate man, wiio was already conipktely I S44 LAW PliOCEEDIXUS. mined by (he wanton conduct of this Defendant. Gentlemen, if malice could ever be satisfied, he had surely done enough to satisfy the most malignant mind ; he had removed this man from his oflice, and drivi-n him from the colony; mi(i,ht lie not have been content v^ilh that? But thiv n'ould not do. Alter he had done all that his legitimate authority eiialilcii him to do, he then thinks it decent and proper to act in direct dclianee uf the laws, by libelling the person he had ruined. " Gentlemen, this is the case I have to present to you, with respect to thii party. If my Learned Friend cannot justify — if my Learned Friend can- not e.\tenuate — if he can offer you nothing in the shape of an apology, the damages you will have to give must be considerable. Gentlemen, I liave a great curiosity. 1 know my Learned Friend's talents. I know liis ing<'nuity. I shall wait with the greatest possible anxiety to see what topics my Learned Friend can otlcr to you, in the shape of an apology, for a Governor turning anonymous libeller, nothing of the sort occurs to hit whole mind ; I can find no excuse whatever for it, and therefore I shall wait with extreme impatience to hear how superior ingenuity will deal with i cane of such e-xtreme delicacy. " Gentlemen, I take for granted I shall have no opportunity of address- ing you again. I take for granted my Learned Friend will offer no evi- dence, for I take for granted my Learned Friend can offer no, evidence, that will do him any good ; if that should be the case, however, I shall have an opportunity of remarking upoj) the evidence — if untrue, of contra- dicting it, or explaining it — but I expect no such thing. I expect from my Learned Friend that which on many occasions I have witnessed, a dis- play of the greatest talents, a putting forward of the most ingenious argu- ments, and an enforcement of those arguments in the highest strains of eloquence; but this. Gentlemen, will have no weight upon your minds; you will listen to the facts, and upon the facts you will decide, and the facts are these: in one word, he is a man suspended from his oflice, and a cause avowed for that suspension, which flees not exist at the time, and after he is removed he is calumniated by the publication of an anonynioi < libel. Gentlemen, I believe this office was worth, to the Plainti'f, upwards of 1000/. a year, of that he has been deprived. Until ht has vintiitated himself by this action, he never can be restored to any oflice under Hi« Majesty's Government, for while such a libel as this is circulated, known to come from the pen of a Governor, it is impossible that he can be em- ployed again. He was driven, therefore, to make the appeal he has, putting himself upon his country, and defying this calumniator to com« forward and prove this charge; it was the only way in which he could be restored to a situation, by which he should be enabled to maintain himself and his family. IJe was driven to it not only from the consideration of its being necessary for his support, but he was ilriven to it for the purpose of that which is more valuable to a man than life, for the purpose of vindi- rating his honour, upon which a stain has been fixed by the act of tliis Gentleman. Gentlemen, his character would have borne up against a libel from any other person, but even a pebble tiirown from a great height romes witii considerable force; consider the height from wliicJi this pebblt LAW PROCr.EDINCS. 245 |ia« been thrown u|M)n the head of my client, from (he reprcHcntalivn of Majesty itself. There was but one way of answering this, and how could tills gentleman meet the great and respectable connexion!* he has, and wliuni, when I mention the name of Wyatt, you know he has, till he had taken tlic course he does to>day ; when I mention liis name, I shew him connected witii per&ons of the greatest consideration ; with a (>crson, who huH added as much to the beauty and ornament of this country, as any man in it ; so ronnected, it was alMolutely necessary he should take the steps he has taken ; he, knowing his innocence, is fearless of (he result ; to you to-duy he commits every thing which is valuable in life, and he knows liiat an innocent man may fairly commit that to the charge of a Urilisli Jury." EVIDENCE FOR THE PLAINTIFF. fVilliam Firth, Esquire, sworn. — Examined by Mr. Serjeant Pell. You were some sime since Attorney-General of ITpper Canada? — I was. In wh.it year did you go out to Canada in that capacity? — In the year 1807. lluw long did you continue there in that capacity ? — For upwards of four years. Till 1811?— Yes. You know Mr. Core of course ? — I do. What was Mr. Gore in Upper Cdnada :- — Lieutenant-Governor. Was he the Lieutenant-Governor when you first went there? — He was. Did lie continue so during the whole time of your being Atlorney-Geni- ral: — He did ; we came home together. Mr. Charles Burton Wyatt, the Plaintilf, what was he? — IlewasSur- Tcyor-General. In Upper Canada? — Yes. Did he conic out after you went there, or did you find him there, do you recollect?— He had left the province before I arrived there. In 1807 ? — A few months before. What is the nature of the office of Surveyor-General, is it an odice of great trust and confidence in the colony ? — Certainly. Mr. Serjeant Pell. Of great trust Knd confidence ? Lord Chief Justice GiuBs. Did you say it was an oflicc of great trutt and confidence ?— Yes, I think it is. Mr. Serjeant Pell. In your judgment it is an office of (rust? — Of course, every office is an ofiice of tnist. What are the particular duties of the oflice? — To regulate the location Ql' land, and the passing of grants through the office, and of course pre- vious ■ ■ Is ilea person who was consulted ? — I was going to add, of course jiro* vious to the location of lands, to superintend the survey of tlicin. And the measuring of the lands ?—Y'es. 240 LAW iMiocrrniKcs. Ou Yoti know what was llu' salary «if (lie office, or llic annual vakuol lt> — No, I do not. Ila\e \(iii «'vi-r lit-ard from Mr. (Jort*? — Ills (ixt-d salary, I believe, ii U300 a year, l>nl that i* onlirrly fxcluiivi- of all |)<'r(|iii«ili'*. Tlu'ii thiif ar«' pcniiiisidit lu-sid.s?— ()!i yi«; (prt.'inly. According to your knowledge, what is t lie aiiniiai amount of tin* pii. (luisiln ? — I ran j^nly tell what i^ gcnrndly KupiMwcd to be the amount. F.ord thief hist lie (iimis. I iuil is not evidenee, tertainly. Mr. Serjeant Lr.Ns. Your LorcUhip cers, as to pi-rquisiles, lliey arn' an (-(luiviR'al nature, if they aresueh as are authorized by the eomnii-^ioii, I^)rrne\- General, and theiSecrelary and Hig.strar, ami the Surveyor-Cieneral, evm one of (lu-se has a certain per centago or fee on every grant of land wliiili passes under the great seal. Did you ever learn from the Derend.mt, Mr CJor«', wiuit the amoitiii, or nearly the am«)unt, of the pertjuisiles an As Attorney General you know thai is nut evidence, therefore )ou shoiiM not let it pass your lips. Mr. Serjeant Pklu. Did you ever happen to hear from Mr. CJore, in any conversation you have had with bin), what the value of the plaiT was? — 1 do not recolleit that I have. You went out in 1807? — I wa^ appointed in March, ISOT, when Mr Wiiulham was in otVice. Do you recollect, soon after arriving in Canada, having any conversation with Lieutenant-Governor Gore about Mr. W>atl? — Yes; many limes. Lord Chief Justice (miiu'. I must give you one caution here; you werr at this tinie Attorney-General? — No. 1 tliought you went out as Attorney -G eneral ? — Yes, 1 tliought you meant now. You were at that lime? — Yts. CJovernor Goie was tiie acting Governor there? — He was. Lord Chief Justice Ciiiiiis. Nothing that passed between you and liiin upon private communication from him to you ought to be disclosed ; you must t'eel that yourself, from the situalioii in which you stood, becaiMr there must be mudi of comnumication between the (Jovernor and tiie Attorney-General, an;l nothing that passed ofticially between them oiici:t to be «omnnuiicated? — 1 presume the question would not have been asktil ifil had not been proper I should have answered il under that idea. Lord Chief Justice Giiin.s. You must not act upon thai; that correct practice may prevail in your court, but you cannot expect il here. Mr. Serjeant IksT. 1 should not wish, and 1 am sure my Learned I'riend still less, (o ask any (juestioti as to any prosecution which the Go- vernor proposed, but any loose conversation 1 should submil would be evideiii e. Lord Chief Justice GiuB?. I have learned, and you may learn here* LAW l'KOCnKI)I>f(;s. 247 ^iii'i-, ihcre is mii> h iromimiiiicaliuii, nut imiiu'>iiatrly for llir piiriMtM- of ^i. ini^ A direct ii|iini<)ii upiHi any :>iilji'(t, luit su> li i niniiiiiiiicatioii p.ihsct li.iwiTii till! ortkcrs ijf C!i)vcrniiu'iil ami the AlUinicj-Ui'iifral lor llicir tjiiidani'c, which ought nut tt he divulf^i '. Mr. Serjeant Bi sr. l( it was l^r tlie j)urj)oio ul'aiiy uri'vceding it ought not to l)e (liviilned. I.iinl < liiel' Justice (Jiiiiis. Wilhmit heing (or thai [Mirijosc, coniiuuiii- t i'lDiis width |)aNs l)itwei'ii thiiii, beeaiisc the one ii (ioveriior and tiitf olluT Attorney -Cloiinal, ought not certainly to he cIIm U>sed. Mr. Sirjeaiit Riisr. Your l.ordshjp sees this plaeci ih in con^ideruble (liiruiilty. lA)rvi Chief Juslic*? C!lUB<<. Let nie put this case to you, MippoMr thfi Sciretaiy of Slate wislies lo enter into a di-.c^ls^ll'n with an olliccr I'tnploycil ill llie lioveinnient, upon the* niodt* uf conduit he should pinsiuir, and he runsults tlic AttorneyCieneral, is tliat a cunnnunicatiou wiiicli bhuuhl bu ilisiiibtd ■• Mr. ^erjeanl IJi'.sT. I should say that wouM be improper. Lcirdl i)ief Justice (jiMii>. 'I'luiv in a ddicacy in the ndnd of every mill ulio lias llHed an oMiic of tiial sort, that will inforni liini whether it be Iddsl' conversation liiat heslioiild iIim lose or not. Mr. Serjeant Bust. Certainly, my l.orJ. .Mr. Seijeanl I'r.i.i.. I would put this tpnMion, wliellier soon after you arrived in Upper Canaila, you hud any conversation with Mr. Gore nhilive to Mr. Wjatl? Mr. Serjeant Lf.ns. I will submit to your Lordship, whether I am not I'liiitleJ, tirbt to shew a fact which reiui-rs this inadmissible, that is, that iiiiliiirv was then going on in several branches of (Jovernujent relative to .Mr. W'yatt. Lord Chief Justice (jiiiBS. Was tiicre any matter then going on — any inquiry respecting the conduct of Mr. Wyatl.' — Not that 1 know of. riieie had been no complaint r — Not that I know of. Yon did not understand it to be tlu-ii in tiio mind of the Ciovvrn(»r ?— Your Lordship sees that when I lir.^L went over, Mr. W'yatt liad been sus- licmlcd a few months. lord Ciiief Justice GiUU:=. lie !ias said so before, that he had been .;w]",'iiil('(l. Aad he had left llie Province, 1 never ..aw Mr. Wyatl there. Mr. Scijeant ri.i.i.. Do yon remember, ai any time, in any of those lonviTsations which you miglil have had witii the Lieutenant-Governor, 'lis readiii;.^ . Mr. S> ijeant I.r.N^. fie kind cnonnh.to fiK the date and the time. .Mr. Serjeant Ve.u.. I will (ir>l u\ the fact and tlien the lime. .Mr. Serjeant Lkns. 'Ihe tiin..? may rcniler it evidence or not, tiiat l^i niv reason. I^rd Chief Justice GiuB. JL must have been after the suspension of tho riaiirtilf. .Mr. Serjeant Pti.t. Do you remember, in any of tliose conversa* liiMi*, Lieulcnant-Gjvcrnur Gore reading to you any paper respecting 240 LAW rUOCKI'.DINCJS. Mr. NVyatl ?— Yru, I do, he lius ioa«! to inff— lint I am uiict ; i)nt if yuii can rccoilert any piirticiilar cn prcsnioiis unrd liy f.iffiitfnant Governor Gore, I wuiild wi«h you to mention limn? — I am ufraul tiiitl will ronie ntulur my ri'iilriL-ti(m. I hHiimUI wisti to conlinc you to tiie boolt. Inu. Cliiff Justice Gihbh. I oinjlit, on acoxmt of the witness, to point out to him whut \m situation in ; you sim? hi- it the Attorncy-Gifiifrul. 1 do not niraii in «triclii(»4 of Lieutcnuiit-Governor Gon*; hut I.ivutenant- Oovnnor Gore icprt'scntH lliti Majirsly IIk n-, and in (he saintMh-Krcc uf coiilidi'uce with (iovcruor Gore »s the Atlorncy-GcniM ul tlx-rr, that the A'.torneyGcnrral in this country stundKto His Majesty und I lis Ministers; and it is in the Course of tlial confKhrnce tliat tiiuMo coitinuiniotionH took place. 1 feel (his very strongly ; such oni(-t!<« cannul be executed, it the private communications between tlioHC who execute them are to be dis> rlosrd. Mr. Serjeant Peli.. I should not put any such question to the wit« nesB, certainly. Ijord Chief Justice Gi BUS. No, but if you have to go through the communications which pass between persons in this situation, and pick out narticular parts that may not allude to official butines«, you throw a ne- cessity upon them to go into the ofltcial business, in order to explain those parts ; you see in what a situation the witness is placed. Mr. Serjeant I'CLi.. My (piCNtion rather confiued itself to that book which is given in evidence. Ijord Chief Justice Gibbs. And he says he has no recollection of any conversation previous to tliat book being given to iiim. Mr. Serjeant PtLL. I am satisfied. Aiul if I had, it would fall under the head of confidential communi* ration. Lord Chief Justice Gibbs. I'licn it ought not to be stated; confi- dential communications between the (Governor of the province, and the Attorney-General, who is the only person ui>on whom he can lean (here, ough( not t<.-JLv disclosed. Mr. Serjeant Ficll. Have you ever seen any other books of this de« tcription in Canada i — I have. Where have yuu t-ec-n (hem ) — t have seen them in the hands of other olficei'sof Government. Do you recollect whether or not you have seen them in the possessioii of any persons but ofl'.reis of government, or do you amfine yourself to tliose particular people ^~>-l do not recollect having seen iUem in the hands i)f any other persons. Can you tell me wliether it was bef<»re, or biibse(|uent to your having ffceived the book yourself from Governor (iore, your seeing copica in the imids of other ufiicers of goveruinent f — Yes. Vol. II. No. 3. 2 K 250 UAW PUOCKbDINdS. H'Uliam Firth, f-Mj—CiosM-exumined b;i Mr, f'frJeatU Lens, I unilerslatul ymi to say th.n al tlw time you statr (his l)o\ lo be opt'ii, yoii had not, at lliat time, swn any other eopicit of the bmik |nesentPil to you ? — No. IVrhaps, though you Imd not seen it in any shop, you hndsvut the Mib> stance of it in a paper caUed the (iuarthiin ? Air. Serjeant Iksr. How can that he asked ? I^mi Ciuot' Justice (tIdrs. In point of fact, it he had seen the vub- stance of it in a paper, called the (tuardian, it may be proved. Mr. Serjeant Best Does not your l/)rdBhip think they ought to pro* duce the (Guardian itself? J,ord Chief Justice Giubs. No, I think not. Mr. Serjeant Pki.i.. It rests upon the recollection of the party, that it is the same in substance. Ijord Chief Justice tiinns. Then you may produce the (luardian if it is not. Mr. Serjeant niisr. We take it u|x)n this pamphlet itself, and let tlioiu pn)fhice the Ciuardian. Lord Chief Justice Ginns. I am only thix»\ving this out to you ; if your case is as you have stated it, 1 orti of tliis sort ? Mr. Serjeant Lbns. Was there, or was there not, distributed thmiigli the province, a public newspaper, called the CJuardian r'-^■c^. Had tiiat paper been in existence some time when you arrived in tlif province ? — S'es. Had yt»u not seen in that public newsi)ap(r, so distributed in Canada, tlie substance of this, if not precisely the same i" Mr. Serjeant IIk.st. I object lo thiil nuesiitm ; I perfectly ac a-'ks wIkiI there was in writing, I submit to Your l^ndship, that (lir writing itself must be produced. Mr. Serjeant Lrns. I submit to Your Lordship ; Ih.it need not be done ; and I will bring to Your lA)rdship*s recollection pvi'cisely the same case; .Mr. Webster, aj^ainsl the lidiiorof a MmninL^ Paper, Mr. llaldwin, where what had been read in the newspaper at Ihussels was admitted ; 1 was tluii under the iK'cesMly of giving evidence as to what had appeared in tht IJrns>eU newspaper, and that evidence was admitted; ami on the priiuiplf that newspapers, whicli arc the publicalion;> uf the* day uuntaiu ihu rcpuri-; LAW PROrRRDTVOS. S^l «f the tliiy ; ami it (animt ItP, thnt priHniis should b«!r.\pnctwl to kcrj* thn iir\v!ip.i|)Pr!t fur mult ii (iirir ; I milxnit it ith»'r thix cummuni- (.atcd to liif mind, for i\w firxt time, the coiilenlit of thin liox of letters, their bciiif( actually in thn (>(iardian, or not, U collateral to (he main thing; wiial he recolleits to liave seen in (luit paper is, in snli^tancu, lite report of the day. 1 do not know how I Khonid get on, even if th<> unwritten reporto cmild lie re«'eived ; for it would he asked next, from wijom «lid you hear it, ami how, and soon; Init I submit, that the reports of the day may lie ndniKted, without producing (he paper<<, and particularly when the object w to shew that there was in thi* mind cif the person who received the book, an antecedent knowledge of tli«Ke duit. Mr. Serjeant Hbst. My Lord, I perfectly recollect the case of Webster and Ualdwin, to which my Iz-arncd Kriend has alluded; I perfectly re- collect, that as C'«)(msel for tlie Plaintilf, I njyself invited the sort of evi- (k'luc ; I htated, (hat I wouUI consent to my brother, who was Counsel for (lie Defendant, producing the papers, from whence it might appear, that (liose reports had been circulated upon the continent ; and unless my me- mory more deceives me than it ever did, no sucii paper, nor any such evl- •Iciice was given. Iflrd Chief Justi e (jiubr. Nor does brother liCTis say that such papers wrre produced. Mr. Serjeant Hbit. Nor such evidence given. I»rd Chief Justice (Jibhs. 'I'liat I cannot say, indeed. Mr. Serjeant Mbst. Whatever was done in tliat case, I submit to Your Lordship, that it is impossible tliis evidence can be received ; for I take it to be one of the (irst principles of the law of evidence, that as to that wliich is in writing, the paper itself must be produced, and no other evi- (iencccan be given of it than tlu prorluction of the paper ifself; I have always understood that to be the rule, almost without an exception ; my Learned Friend is not content to take what Your TiordHhip has been pleased to say he may do, and what I iiaVe no objection to, but rather desires the re|M)rts that there were ; that will give nie an opportunity of fmiling out what were the sources of those reports ; but my objections are to the way ill wliich these reports are to be proved ; if they are written reports, they can be proved only by the production of (he writing. Iwd Chief Justice CiuBs. I am of opinion, (hat under the rircum- htances of (he case, presented as it is, (he (pu-stion may he put; and I en^ tertain (hat opinion up'jn this ground ; the witness in the box, is selected by (lie I'laintiflf to prov.^ the publication of this libel, by (he delivery of it (0 him, and he stands in a peculiar situation with n*specl to the Defendant ; and the delivery to him may, posMl)ly, not liave the same effect with a de- livery to another person ; supptmiiig it to have that sanu- effect, and sup- Hosing thiv to be a libel published, it will be for (lie Jury, ultimately to say wiiat (laniagc the rialntiff bus sustaircd, by the delivery uf this libel to ^A« r\M rnnr rtn^Non. l^.im^Ml 1'<( ^ ho j>rt|»rV i«^ «\«r«tiiv»< Wrt« ilrl\\nr«l «rt l(*n». Mir w>^n «M h»\^»>1, M'>i>' thv* p!»|>m- r:\n hr h»' |\it ^^1W>^^ 1\A p)\\ *f )»niN.-K. Whii h !':»«! nM«i- ^^^ \\\v K»lOwlril|Ji« ss. l>\«i \» ijiu'^no*^ vi< lirliMii'il to l>im I nw «M n|M whSrh Ix'ihrn m^> NtHu »M xvhrihn \ >» h»\\ y\\\'\\\M piHtrrt^hw* tn »hr fitmulirtM l>»rni<- l,'M-<1 v l>iH .'nMftA- l«i«n< \>\ rt\i\ p\Miv |>n^<»M- oi |- I \\«\\ tioi \»Mi h.vJ «o< M«« \h\s .M il^iMimr »<\ ilirr«««i>Mi ' \ «1o >UM 0Iv1oiM:n\il \o»l. \ 0(i h.vl r,iM, «1 \ht \\\\\y yh\* \y<\A wax x\v\\\v\y^\ 1o \n, d I«»' Ivdl «tiMo« «»v lliit\n «Nv\l Mr. \\ \ .i;t. WiMtKl h;»vo wtitton \\\ Iii>> trtxixn. tiM h** rttl\(^tnl«sl (he «'nu«o »M M,, \\ v.ic I >\i\.v «fl\v mix i«^\u\»«(i»>n im\ M<. WxtiM m tl\.< <^n.in1»,in, jw H<> I holiv xo iIm n' 'Wi w^^. » lut \\\^i-k«,
n 10 rtxMUMI ?— NtV >4i SoiiiNH>1 IUm. I nniM tN^jrtH Ixx rxitlwu'O t\)\^w\ Mv. WilhtHks, Ic xii,\x ho li.ny.i<^i fen- sniiht I fcnoxv. Sir Sorh^anl \ ,V\v. Thon xxv xvill tixko it w. Mr Norjoaiit l^v>^r. No, xou >nnxt tlO« Irtkx' il W. Mi . n xi ««v«>\, Ho tlt^i ixoxl to hi\ Mr. S»rjtM«l Uv^i . Ih.ti mnx ho Km might I knoxx-, 1 kitnxv lunhinn n Nil. Sovj.'Ant ! ^N-.. 1'hi"' «m» « ^oH o1 onoIumvo |>«|w, nHmiMing .>m1\ on oiv suio. hi xxhioh ohsiftotw wiv j-oxi .(Homlmg (vn'»'inor (mm-o, n^ Auomoy(Miitn\«l, iX' «s A iniv.MP v5^i^xxv, xvhon vxnt ivo»'ivo«l (|\i»?— Onlj *s ,1 j>n\.-<(0 xiMior. Vho(v xwro pl^^^rtMy x^tho* |Vi-v«m>v ho^iii<»«i yoxiivMl" who, «linoxomvi» dii>o xviih tho l>ovomor>- No, I ilo ii«« ^•^H^>IIl•ol Ihfll 1 ili.l . I xvAv ill tho li.xi'ii »\>iv,iio!iUx ot ortHitxfl on M (■.on' = --Hc xim-H to mi in hi"* lil»»'.iiv. 1./\W nnX'KIMMNUft. !i.l9 1 l«H»i iirriMtlln« U\ )u«t iwollpHltHi, (li|ii witi Mtt iirclili'itlnl trnli «i|Mm him, luttl vo»i wnr iMi «»•)«■»»«»« iiMiittllnH «i •••tnwh'tl «»n nnv ImwImmm' NuI titaf I ••••• iMtllm'l. t lilt itol it>nilln( nnv otUiinl ItiultiPM tnklitn \i\ntr ItHwfHt Ml on tliiil tlit\, rtnil I tlm>' "ny Ihi-ic wm nmii*. |)i> vmt ittitlln < tilt' llniM ulicti lltrif ¥i:\%t\ C^itvi'iMittritt pri«4P«'MlUtit i«r Ihi' V^iiit-ilinir' \*'n, I llli'tl titvcitil litlittnuillim*. Do ytm »iHt»l|p«>t xvhrtlifi lltfCi' «-rtii inn oiip ftlril nt tlnit llnif, m lipftii^^ tlmt tlm»«, I nirtrlv |tiit It li» liHim tliptlnip In yotit firullM-lltin' I r«'n|« liti tlmt vny wton iiDi'i I ni'tlvi>t| In tlif |nttvliu;f>, I |niM» tn Kiifttnnil > Y(>«, lif litnl li'H llit |iniviM«'iv Ml- linil Ifrt thr prtivinrr nn»li*»- tli|« "niup m, ♦In- niHll* of wlili li - Alioiil <)v«* yiinn | 1 tfliin'ovpr with <m itny iinM'pi'illnn iir Iniinlijr iiiiikinit nlinnt (lil« liNHtlnn nl tlii» liiinln ?~ I mnnnt rHnllMil wlif n it wii« ) il \t»\ liitvi' miy tni'rttH nf (UlnH tln> IIiiip I will fliiiiw«*t In II. in lltoo, fli itll rvi'titii, nn lni|iilry wim nulnii nn nlmiit Ihc lonitinn of YniiiinV liimli, \vn« H ih»I>- Nn, I iln nnt lu'llfvp 11 wbsj j IicIInvm (Iml Hip imjiiiiy \vn» «l tin- tinii' tlmt Mr, lUilniil, I li»> iiin!f'iMiii«i' of Mf. Wyntt, (■nini> i)vi>r tn lM(f|liinil, for tin* |>tir|in nl olilnlnltiK i,lif Hnrvfynr-UctM'- MMli|l. I nnly wnnt tn litmw wlicn ynn inn tin the tUlPor llif iit«|«i)ty ffnliin mi in C Imimlii, Hlimit the Imnllnn nt llnni' lnniU'-o-IVtr. Wytitt iiinilc nn Mpfili' mtiim In Mr. Hulilwln, in (Jnntttla, (n pitM-iirrmmii» •ltN-inn«'ii>. InnU'tiirl .lnMlrt> ({iiiii ynn hiiI tliPriiN Not '<> |inn'iin> nonic Inl'urinatlnit rHRptHlinK IIhmk* iillotmpnti ni limil, rnrllin |iiir- |iiw of rxnilititting Mr. Wyntt. Ml. Spr|i>niil I.unk, Ai v^imt (tttl** wan — I oiinnnt miy hi(l*-f!*l« i) I inn nnly lix IIip Iiiih', Inr I «ln not knnw wlicii Mi Ititlniil i.iino ovoi to lMi,\lan(l, by tmylliK timl il witu nlinul lluil IImm'. tH VAW ri»«M KKni WUR. ff'ith'nrn Viiih, ^Mfin'ir.- tfr rxnminrd l>» /Ifc. '^rrim^l l^rft. 1)rt y:>|.pin lit vnitllMl, ttllillu'l Mt Milium liilil •liurrtltil Mr. \Vvn'» Iii'Cdi'' (lir in.|»iii\ \\\U •(•( iin runl • Nit, I ill* (till Ml. Si'i|t;\ni H'l \\\\ Dili i( nOiM Mr. W yutt liml l»0 tin |)invliiip> Ml-. Snjrnni l.rvs. \ mludhliMlly. Mv. S.vjrnin I'm \\ W'.v. ■A\\\\\\\t> pnloil \\\\\\ Ml. WmiH IiuI Ii tlir pnninir (iiininK Mr. SrMJ»-ni\» Hrsi \ will inviMr vmi' I oirlolilp Ity ipinliiiR Hh pa««Hi«, Mr. H\nniM>N. Will m«i mvt'i!-; llir nionl ■'' Mr. Ri'ijrniit \\v\y. \ nm nlvilll »i> iriul |m««;\Rt"< im) in llli' trrttnl (in) ; *T *IinH ni\n\\,iiH* lortil thr |>!iihl HiMinniiiltlr l.mil rusllrnilRh, nil r of \\\s Mrt|rnh'n IVinnpul Srrivi.iricno! Sliitr, iVr. \r. fvini p III I'pprr < (inrtilrt hn«i rrrpully hniiiiif nil itlijiii nlilir (\\%\ nin-; iniiliMn t»>l»ival Uriiniii, !iml ushpvimiiI nlii'iiipi'i ii.ui'Iiion nisili", l)V n I'i'W iinlmlnii nmi liuiioim inili\i»limU, ti> iliolmh \\w pcnTOl (In* pn)Viini>, mill iiiipiins ilir pnlilu- niiinl with (i« imfiunni •ihl-^ !';>iniiin oV ii* tiinmiiivnl, rtiul vvlini ihf aiilhni's i.i tluwr iiii«( liiii'* ■AW iioi ntnlrnlril witli hrinfl; In ilown rn^ilv, ImiI htivr hiul lIu- I'lVionlm n> l>nn(), tlu'ir mmplninK Itrlun- tln' piililir. niul iiiiikc nil sippcnl M thr l
  • v iTrlivs< will lip inipnlnl io nn inilt\iiln;il lot.illv imlipiivli'iil o( ciiliii paiiv, lor •'iiliiniUin^i tn N'oiM lonlihip Muh iiilormalion w^ \\r hiis bom nblr to lulU'il on Hiis iin. p>it.in1 sHbjirl — — '' " Mr i« nmiscrl o( h.ivina: 'liiv»"n iVrtin ihr liiglvM nrtirrn, Hrndfini-n ot iho movl npiight ntnl hononi-ilttc comliu (. mnrly for hnvinR in ihi-ir offi- ri.ll r.ipariiio^ oppw-fl (ill- .iil^ihrtiy ninnrl.iln of thr I'.Miiitivi' (>'o\('iii- ♦nnit. anH th:it n«Mih«'r in'i'son nor po>prrt\ ««■; v <>nirrnl. siml NIr. Willi orK«, forinnlv :i Shi'iiD." Mr. SVrio.in( U»sr. 'IW i"<'niainHiT of thftl livlonn^ to .liulgr Ihoipc; fm-n to p.ijvr S. 1 oivi I'hivf .hiMitTllo\ving rsd-arl was rcai):') " (^|V»n inqnii y, \ loarnotl thr p,XMilll NOS. y/il tlllM \ lirnd tir Mill ftlii, (III- jiilml|iiil iiinvi-r nf nil Hw lucllmi bmiI liiMmlMir:*- hi III'- |iiinlii' I' Ml Hri|iilli( MfMt. 'I lit* lii'xt lyltii't W ir'rtrl U Mt III" ImtlrtiiMil (li» miiir IHtR**. ritr* ftillowlKR »';|ic| III till' jlKivIlK iill |i;i(ii'( (••fllilnn to liiti'il miiiii' 1)1 tlii'Mi- iMlhnitiiiitMiy iKlilrcH^'i. To olulMd- llii' i-vil, Hicf iriiihi-il ii|iiiii i'iImIiII'iIiIiih it |Mliitliit» |im"is m( (lirlr mwm, mikI t'l ill' i • lliii tilijiit, «!illi'il III llii'li iiiil«(iMi(i' iiiiiillii-r ltllii " \li-ii lillini^ (he lilnlicil oflifii — — " [Till! following I'xtrmlM ww! leiiil: J " Mill fiHiiiK tin- lilj»lii"!t iilllrri, lii'iiillittt ;i iliiiiim l;ifHo(i, (ir^niiixHl Id tlir ni|iiliil, iiiiii fKlrmliii(( Hm-H (o Ilii- iciiioliMt (liiiU n( llie provlriM-. Till' iiiiliiiiil iinil jiHl pft'ioniitlvi' o( llii' (liivmior Mtt;iil;''»l In (lie Ummf III As'-iiiilily, mill HO rlliiit li'll iiiitiii'il to wii"il (lom him tin- (MtroiiaRe by linv Mivi'stiil in lili liiiiuN. I)llllll^ (liis pi'iiiiil, tlnii i»r iml i-it(t,\iu', liie lirii!", \v;m ki'jil roiislrtiilly i'ni|iloyi'f| In (lie woik of ilir.iii'iilion — .." " Till- fi(iin(illi o( llii'? (iii';iiii«iMii If /ominitl' i| Hm? inosl tiiliitiiiry ami iniwiitriiiilnlili' aitti In lili il<|iMiiin>iit. |ii<< l'm\ t:]ftk (a iiN|)((liilili! iild gi'til'iMiian, who hail Ihmh in Dm- nfrs'ivf helor*; Ml. Wyatl was in i-xiilein i') ImuI |iietiinicil lo (>lvi' Iii4 voli- for a ifiiml/pr win) wiM lonsidiMiil an wi-ll iiHitIi'iI towarili itiiisiril f'loiii his olJire — " " I III' ttiilian ill |iailnirnt is also iiiiil liohl of as a prHi-xl for Mliniittist- inR till' IJiivniiiiH'iil. Il is wi'll known, thai Mils lalml iiM/.ctJ pvi-iy opfior- (nnily of inisri'pii^si'iiliii)' tin- (lovi'iniiifiil to IIm.' Iiuliun (liii-fs, ami I'-ft no nuMiH iiiidii'il lo alii n;ili' ilirii iniinls (niiii llii' coiiwlry. Aii'l il Is iiotcj- \vm, lliul the only s}nniloim 1)1 iliitoiilKiil, wliii.li ha?*; bwii iimiifeited 256 tAW PRrtCEEDItfGSi by the Indians, have been exrited by this during faction. After the uio'si minute inquiry, I can venture t'l state with < onlidtnirf, that in ull (he transaction* our Government haa liad with (hem, either in the purchutie of lands, or otherwiiie, th*-y have been paid the sums Htipulatvd in (lie most honourable manner, and have no complaints against the (ilovrrnment. It id true, they have nulferod considerable losses ly the fram'-dent condiu t of tome of th< Town Chiefs, or Agents, who did not render a just account of thedumt tiiey received. I have been present at the distribtition of the annual presents, both at Amherstburgh and Niagara, and I nctT wit- nessed nirre ..npartiality than was observed in the distribiit<'>> • >' thr : i.'ratutt^ . anc't ; 1 am not ceilain whether tiierw Has any body else; I think his name was to it. Who were really the p rsons wIhj put it in motion? — I know not. 1,(11(1 Chief Justice (• >i,s. You know not ; that is an answer. Mr. Serjeant IksT. Aly Lord, I (all Mr. Norton, the Chief of one of the Indian nalions, to prove that that part i^ untrue, as to Mr. Wyatt in- iiiiriiing with the Indian nations. Lord Chief Justice (I inns. You cannot give tiiat in evidence. g^' .Mr. S(!rieaiil Lkns. You s(!e, my l.ord, how we sulfer by this. bird Chief Jusiice Cliiius. i am sure the Jury will not permit you to wll'ci- i)v liiat wlilch ought not to be given in evidence. Voi.'jI. No. :>. " 2 I. IB i li I I ! 95S LAW PUOCrW'.DINGS. Mr. Serjeant Bi-.st. My Ijord, wc Iiave to grapple with tlie powers ot my I,farnr«l lirutlnT. Lord Chief Juilicr Ci inin. Do yoti wisli to be heard upon it ? Mr. Serjeant Ihcsr. No, my J/ird; thiii is the ruse on the part of ijic Vliintiir. Mr. Serjeant Lfn";. " M.iy it please Your Jiordship ; Gentlemen of the Jury; " It \i my duty to address to you some observations on the part of tiic Defendant ; and, with respect to the spirit of exaggeration, which ims run through the whole of this case, and the sort of representation whirlj ii made of every tiiinc;, yon cannot judge better than by tiie circiim- ttuDcc with wliicli my Learned Friend conchided ; that for the ])urposeof the cause, and tlie convenience of the cause, lie has chosen to attrihiile to me i)ualilies which do not belong to me. It is distressing to be obiipud to foe! the contrast between (lualilies so attributed, and the reality; but evidently in the same strain of exaggeration lias the whole case proceeded, (lentlemen, I have no particular eimiuencc, and I allectnone; I hope I know ihe iuimility of my own talents, and that I shall never zllect it. lie Jias snp))osed me to intend to argue lor the right of a Lieutenant-Governor ii» remove an oOlcer of ihe (lovernment arbitrarily, of iiis own will ; tiiat would be. Gentlemen, as vain before you, as that which my Learnt'il Brother also jiuts al)stractedly ; namely, justifying the Lieutenant-Go- vernor for libelling unnecessaiily, and for the purpose of private malice, a person in a hii>ii situation in the same Government, but in a subordinate si- tuation to himself; surely, my Learned Friend could not be serious, when Jie i)ut either the one or the other, as matter for your consideration. " Gentlemen, when tiiis case, as proved in evidence, is contrasted wilii the case laid before you, upon liiis declaration, and opened to you by mv ].>earned Friend, I think it will ajtpear that niy Learned Friend, or at Icasi those who instructed my Learned Friend, are not entitled to claim any credit for that candour to which he endeavoured to lay claim, by an- nouncing to you, that with resjiecl to that which was put forward, as the main and principal object in this inipiiry, namely, the manner in wiiich this person was removed from his oflice, and the letters upon that subject, addressed to I^rd Castlercagh, lie should now give you no evidence, nor dwell upon it; why, because lie had learnt that i/ird Castlereagh would not produce those letters; Gentlemen, this candour comes a little late— if it liad really been the object of the party not to lay before you, and dwdl upon circumstances which he knew did not admit of proof, (it being doubtful, at least, whether that proof could be received or not,) he would have withdawn tliem altogether from yoiT consideration. For the party to ^entitle himself to any candour, (what his rights, standing in a Court of Justice, are, is quite another matter,) but to entitle himself to any candour, he ought first to have ascertained whether the evidence could be produced; and when he found Lord Castlereagh would not so farftirget what he con- feidercd the duty of ids situation, as to lend these letters for that purpose^ he ought tu have brouglit forward, as ilm subject gf conipiaint^ tLoiie Uiijiss r,Aw Puocr.r.niXGs. 259 only upon whicli he uns cn»l)le(I to proceed, und to Iiave abandoned, .illogellitT, tlif other charges — chargi-s of a sort even more heavy thuii (liose 11^ in which he lias proceeded, " Gentlemen, I know perfectly \ve!l you will disiuiss fioni your minds, things which are nut proved ; you will not suppose that I >>uspi-ct you, wiiu jiave sat, all of you, long in the seat of juntice, will sutler things to avail which are not in evidence; hut when matters appear to be hiended together, it is better, for the purposes of justice, that nothing should be alluded to, or stated, which is not meant to be the subject of evidence ; if those tilings had any reality ; if there was any fomulation for the first charge, tJKit those things had been maliciously, and without proper cause, rcpre- leiited to l^rd Castlereagh ; then that might have been extremely well presented in evidence, and would have applied to my Learned Friend's case, though the fad itself could not be substantially made out, because the letters themselves were not produced. Where is this malice, and the want of prubable cause? If that existed it all, it was capable of proof; nich as was not capable of proof, ought not to have been stated in a Court of Justice ; the mere :.ubject of tlie letters is quite distinct from this. Is there any evilen e laid before you that at the time when those lettci's were laid before >A>rd Castlereagh, there was, in the mind of this Defendant, an express i 'tention to injure; an express design of malice? If there was any such thiii).;. the proof of that must have accompanied the production of the letters, for my Learned Friend knows, that if the letters were here, and had been produced, my learned Friend must have failed in that which was the main part of the inciuiry ; for as to the sending of tlieletters, and the conduct of the Lieutenant-Governor, the thing it^elf could not be inquired into, but must be taken to be proper ; he nmst have gone on further, to establish from other sources ; all of which, if they had existed, my Learned Friend might have applied to that to which he re- duces this case, the proceeding upon a libel ; but the entire absence uf which, except as it is to be deduced from the libel itself, shews this is introduced for a purpose ft>r which it ought not to be introduced, on the .ibsolute failure of that which would justify bringing an action upon such a case; my Learned Friend said he abandoned the first charge." Lord Chief Justice Giiius, " No, not the first charge ; the second." Mr. Serjeant I^ens. " Then, Gentlemen, if my Learned Friend must betaken not to have abandoned the first charge; what evidence has he qivenloshew that the act of suspension, preparatory to the communica- linn to L')rd Castlereagh ; (an act done by a Governor, towards a person iiiuier his jurisdiction in the province, who himself admits, that the Lieu- liiiant-Govirnor iiad the power, and, tiierelbre. the duty to remove ;) what evidence upon this subject, as connected with the rest, or distinct from tiie rest, has he ^iven to siiew, that the Lieutenant-Governor, whose duty it was to remove, and to suspend in proper cases, was induced, in violation of his diity to his country, und for the purpose of gratifying spleen and m^dice, to do this? 1 trust and hope, that for the sake of human nature, no such case exists ; but at all events you would expect my Learned Friend 2()0 T.AW rH0CF.Kl)IN0S. to «lu'\v wlint WM tlic malice; wlial was llivrci-xUtiiiK iMlwrrn IIu'hp per- %'nw, tiiut MoiiM Kivo iim; ti» tlif |Htssil)ilily ot MhiH-itiiiK ll>-it a rcniov.il, r<',mil.irly matlr \t\ a jxTsoit, ^Ul^ il liy tlmiisi'lvft In liavc tin- atillionly (o make it ; laid lu lore the |)rn|>«.T ufliifr, who liad aiitlioiily to ii)(|iiiri' into it; ulial Knniiiil i^itlu'ic Ibr hti|>|><>hiiig tliii procoi'dfd I'roin lualii-i' ; unifnj luy LcaiiK'd liiciul could produce hctorc you soinclltuiK wliicli would in- tUicf you (o sup|Ht>t' tlu'iv wan a prcviuuH i|uarri'l cxiktiiig, or any cir- i-unislaiu'c, slicwintf a disposiiion to injure this gcutlcniau ; licre in an en- tire lilank of any |ulH^il>le motive, liut the mere motive ot malevulence, (exerciM'd indisciiminately, as it appear* ;) I'or it In not even sunn''4<-'J what |)0!>sil)le catiM> tiie I, ieutenant-( Governor could have lor stispeiulitig tliii gentleman iVom iiis oltice ; but thai ho ihuufjhl \w ought tu be suitpcnded from his oflice. " (jcntiemen, Hie I'laintil'f is sent here, and it is staled that he is sus- pended till lli» M.ijrstv's pleasiiie is known ; and it is an avowed fad in this case, that up to this day this gentleman has not been )et restored; wiial must we CDnriuiie fmm ihal? tiiat the cause of removal was sucii as not only to justify the suspension, hut that, even to this day, the cloud vliic!) hun^ al)oul the I'laintill, has not been removed ; and that even to this (lay, ilis Maiei.l\Vs (iovennnent at home, being called upon to do justice to an individual, wliicli it is to be supposed they would promptly and readdy ilo, have bc('nsUmd>erini{ over this charge from 1807 to iSWi; never attending to it ; never, as we are to suppose, i ailed to atten^ult juslilii'd thai which hati taken |)lace; for if, in tlic course of nine years, lliji Majesty's (iovernment have not been able to say that this gentleman was improperly removed from his oOice, will you, willioul iiometliiiig sali^l\iiig your mind, (why this shouhl have been done for any oilier but the apparent caus*-,) believe, that in the year 1807, this genlknian was suspended, from no other motive, but the malice of tlir person suspcndmg him, in the absence, even, of |>robable cause on wliicli he could ad; and yet, that for nine long years together, this should ru- main in suspense ; that the Lieutenant-Governor, this unjust cab* nniator, is restored to his nlfice, and that the person calumniated, remains in this counliy? I will not go beyoiu) the eviilence, but that he is not restored to his ollice, t'roin wliich he was thus improperly removed ; I think, wiili respect io this lirst ciiarge, I may say that my Learned I'riend must have felt the total absence ol all evidence, to bring this cli.u'ge into Court, ami that, in blinking lhi> charge, llie Plaintiff is acting luosl nnju>lly to tin; j)erion against whom it is bnuiglit ; Hit vircumstances in themselves, shew most slr^ngl), and I submit mort positively, not only that there was pro- bablo cau,>e for I'le suspension, liul llial tliere was sufficient cause, whin'! lias iniluced Ilis Majesty's t Government, for nine years, to contiiiui! tiie suspenioii ; I lie diincully of the ca->e is, that at this inonn-nt, Mr. WyatI, calictl upon by the loss of that of whicii he complains in the present action, has never \ ct Ltven uble to satisfy those who are his proper judges, tlial ii» LAW PItOCI'.r.DINlifl. 261 wan not properly rpinovcil, and tliut liiv (iuveriior did not thscrvc that Loiiii«*-"<''>'i*"i> '^1'*' iiiiiuiiati r, liis accuser, has been sent back, to remove other Mr. Wyalt* from otiier situations, to gratify his own malice; to act, as it is charged, I'roni private caprice, and private malice; tliat he is now sent back to thiv iiiil'ortnnate country, to wreak his private vengeance, armed with the au- tlioiily of Govennnent, leaving the person who wati liis lirst victim, op- presteil and unretlressed, in respect of any part of the injury he had re- (t'ivcd; (ieiitlemcn, this is a much greater libel upon liis Majesty's (io- vcrinnenl of this day, and upon the Government for llu last nine years, tJKHi is made upon tlie Defendant. I think, therefore, thai so far from there being positive and distinct proof to satisfy a Jury, of the want of probable cause, and tlie existence of malice; that in this case it is proved there was proper cause, an wriir itt, (in (Mini oC \\\.\\, lint thiH this is M\ «i*tm«»l of tl»r fiiriini^diiur^ \\\\\,\\ {cA trt ih** Mitv|ii'ii'K 1. 1. will il I'liri'il ii!l< Vi*(<'»iril (0 (his rt* livilip rt sirtlrniriil iiC (1),. jlixMHul' oil \\\\w\\ iln" Mitinnsion pvni-cvilvil. (nilllniirn, tlii-'
  • <- i :i>i |iMli-«< Irt W i\ siKicmont »>< »l»<' irtvisrs, ^mi- of rvwrV rlicmiisiniuc. 'I'lui lll» ! ; Init wliAt I w ;i« oIi->«m viivv Wm, tliiii iiiv I .< iriiril I'li'inl )i;ul i\i> liulM toinCvi. ilini \\\< \>fh\\<\i\n\ Wrts thi* wviU'»' ol' ihis » litrmix', iT it h;liHl|>ilili\\l hi^ .!iilo(t. \> lien, tbrirCoiv. \\\c \\\\\At\ >vUi<>li Wits tliv siilijril ol i'i')ii|i|iviitt, rrtli'i1 to )\n\v siiiirlioiird iltt> gfOttttil 'il' f'i>'<\H'ltfiirtlt \ il WoiiKI lliltf linn hrttvi to li(i\r w.iiii^ iltivo \Tiiis toiuin, nv, I Itiivr no Itesitnlion iit sniini, to li.txT \\;iii>>tl (ov rivi, iiiiil in'xn to linxp |iiilili«ltcil . Mtni'liutlril ilir jMiMioAiion o( iliis .uroiiol, I'oi ilti^ I'oiiM In' of tut iiviiil \ tin- itniiut t\:n KCoiv tlio^«» who wcif piojioilv to tiu^uiiv iit('> ',. If Mv, W'vrtll wiis wm IvsvK with hoivmi lo hi< Mitioo, th.ii wonlil he tltt» host jitstirtcitlinti nl 1ii;iiv ir, ;in'.iv, Of not, 1 shoi'.M \\>\\v ox|ir niv h.ind ; ihiv i» A jniWii aiion vshitli oiijihi not to gn (oiih into ilic woiM; niwl I >hoiiU< hrtvr r\p(Mif(l n irpronf in\a», •" I ivinl ii ns of roiitM>;" it ii lU'i i>i tAMtrsf" to iraii ;ill lihols pni into one's h.mds \\ hen wus it thitt Mi. I'mli frtinni th,M tht« w«s a lihtMininimllv pronirnlinii pn- ^0«s f'ol■lil^■^s ; do • M, on a«v ini^i.ikon iin o(' whiii \» nn'r>stii^ii, fi,i\-o nnoliMion to ihi>* liln-l. I'or aiu iliinn winolt iipjitMii.ii Mr. I'Niih hml done tli.tt, the wholi? of thi* ttu>ohiol iniulii 1im\<> Iimh prrwnii^i. I \\\'v\V wo mav t'aiih oomlm'io, fiMin ihrcnriinisi.inio of Mi. 1'irih s v'.xllitig as ho did, ili.tl ilio hi'>\ wis Imi jii>i fipoiii>il ; this m,is ilic x+ry fiifl jwh-'ps, oi no.^rU iho (iiM, pnhliiMtion nhuh Ii^kI hoiii iim.Ii' %y '.Iw lJfiitonam-G\)vomoT. \\ hon \oo tind, ihnrtoro, Mr I'mii noi t.AW Pitnr!r,PjHN(»«. 2f;.1 if»<#rprti»l»»P5 Jt» Oi« wny one nhtmltl ImvP ^tpftrtl, «tiil ilmf li*- i1)i| not lliliilt !♦ '•• ^tifllnleili ««ihwm(»'lti'«« f ¥••»» (r» fjfi Ijirk to iUf. Iilfiilf-rmnt CJii. mfiKxi'l*'*! In"* ** '*e«*ti »'• toiiqliliTrd. 'rnkifiK If liy inrlf, niulo(»l»»ftlly iiiiMImIiImh n lllifl l« ti iftltHM irinflPtj l»u» wfi^-re n lliiiig if) ii'il ^oiiig (III lur llirt't! yrnr>it niid ii Iti n ccrinin ytit\imv iit nti eti(l« wlieVe M tiitrly ftlvM nii iifHintit of It, It U very lni|irii»!eiit ntid nuwUf to lid flt», liiit It l« wliitlly •lifTereiit frooi tlmt wUUU my lifittim\ Vt\i'tu\ dlntril, thn! tliix wm no "■Hlillililnti l(tt tite firnt tioif, nrid nil attJirk upon llie tlinrneter of tli*" Plnlollft", lliete Imvlttif Iwii iiolli)ii|^ to lend to It. Oriillrmeti, wltnl I liitve beeti tliitlog Wfiiilii litiire Iippm mmi irTi|torliiiit, if my liCrtrtiPil Pfleiid roiiltl Itnvc |ikivh1, tliitt Me. I'jrtli bad »lofi« tliiit wftieb I tbitik be oiigbt to linYc thiu iitttiiediitiely ; ttiy Lvoriied friend I lirtmii lit my nlliintlmi inmit liitimnie bi; o|iioioii very t(r-ntly (Your liord- sltlji knotVi wbnt t ttiPfili) to n liletMrthiuil niivemor." liOtd C'hii'f .Ttisllt'e Clin««, " No, i do not know wlint yoo mean j for I ktiovr lbnt ihote wbn fill Ibe fiiimiii'iii of AttortfyOr-oeriil to tbii DMiniry, atut I bttne In otber r'oimltie^, r-nly otntc lliiit f «boidd luive experl<ov>'rnrir Oore } nod it woiil4 lira tirance (itiiiilinn, indeed, in wbleb n Derendnnt would Ih* placed^ if liii (!oiii{iel were preelt'drd rrom mnkion ibom- oliifrKiliofn." Mr. Mrrjeaiil I/'n*. " (Gentlemen, f mo ex Ireme.ly sorry ob^^erratioin ilifiiiiil be iii'vei«iirily mndp, that ar** puiofnt to noy ^rdilpoixn wbo beam ilii'in . but if tliry be tiiiub Bi tb(t cafe rnpiire*, 1 tannot abttairi froni iiinhiMi^ tlipnt." Mr Strjeiiiit TI' iT. " T*erb;i|.(« Your I/»r it into his pocket, reads it as of course, and the thing is never heard of n that day to the present. Gentlemen, is this a case that calls for excn . | x.ny damages? Can it be said that any real^njury to the character of thi en- llcman has been sustained, by that part of the transaction, which i- one before you to-day? What injury Sir. Wyatt may have sustaim- rom other parts of this transaction, will not be taken into the accoui; \oti, but will be shut oui of the account ; — it is clear it bears aiiotlier > .ar.:ctcr fpjm that my Learned Friend laid be.*bre you. " Gentlemen, my Learned Friend mentioned a circumstance which I think he should have abstained from on this occasion. It puts one in an unpleasant situation, when an assertion Is made which can be met only by assertion oo the other. He states, that the Secretary of State acquitted ft ; li 268 LAW PllOClUiDlNG^. the Plaintiff of any l)lainn in this niattor. If my Learned Fiienil was in ixmrxsion of any anniittal, lie woiiltl not have requireil tlie presence of the Secretary ol Stale; It nnist have exinted sonjewhorc in puljlic, or lieon addressed to Mr. Wyall. That evidence, therefore, should either be pro. duced, or the I'ssertion shoidd have been abstained from by my Learned Friend, for it leads only to this conclusion, that I must, on the contrary (supported by the whole roume of the proceedings since), deny, that tlm Secretary of .State has ever ac(|uittcd Mr. Wyatt. If there ever was such a comminiicatiun, there would lie a dilliculty in accounting for the reason why Mr. Wyott is not restored, and why CJovernor Gore is. \i' this niallcr had been ascertained to be of that description, f am at a loss to reconcile the existing fact, at this moment, with any Mich supposition; but it Id sutlicient to say, there is no evidence of any such thing ; it appeai-s highly improbable there should be, and I think I may vrnturu to deny it, parli< cularly from the conduct of His Majesty's Government being utterly at variance with it. " Gentlemen, I beg your pardon for troubling you at such length. Whatever Mr. Wyott may require, strictly and legally, you will give him. 1 li.ment that Governor Gore was not more prudent, and did not abstain from publishing this paper, even in the way in which it was published, I regivt that lie was so unfortunate, as having thcop|M}rtunity of being rot^ rectc>.' at the inom^nt, that he was not corrected; but that he published this, even in the limir tlioso wlio were administering the ad'ain of the publici tliat tliis Province of Upper Canada was in « very troubleil and cnnfuied state ; tliat tliose, whu» at a diHtuucc from the niotlicr cotiiitr}, filled high otKces there, aad ougiil to have had no object ill view hut tlie advancement of the interes.'s of the community At large, were (|tiarroUing amongst themselves, and that the population of the Ui»* trict was torn to pieces by dissentions of this deHcription. When I say this appears, I ntean that, in point of fact, it appears from the publication that has been proved to us in the course of this cause, and frrim the evi« deuce of the two witnesses who have been called, Mr. Wyatt had been Surveyor-General, I know not for how long, forsome years 1 thin';. In 1807 he was suspended from that office by Lieutcnaiit-Ciovernor Gore. Now Lieutenant-Governor Gore had a right to suspend an oOicer who held hit ullice at will, and he had a right to suspend him without being answerable for the motives on which ho acted, for if you make un otHcer in that situa* lion answerable for the grounds on which he acts in this way, that U, to be questioned by the persons whom ho suspends, and to go into proof in a court of justice of the evidence before him, and the grounds which Actuated his conduct, it would be utterly impossible, that any office of the soti could befflecuted by any person with security to the >-ikf>3(s of thtt public. Me was suspended so long ago as the year 1807. ') < .riHinn» thnrf forn nr lliat ynu vrill (liMchurgr your niiiidR iiltugHlicr. I'lio i'\m(t,(i tipiiii lliii* purl of ihr cafir rmt!i oiilirrly ii|miii (hat which he broiiHlit forward in (lu* front of Im ■(atcmcnt, naiiiHy, that Linutcnont'Govcrnor Core MHpcndcd him ^n■\\^\. nidly, from inaliciouR motive*. I liavi* ol)M nituatioit in whicli thu 1 Jru(rnant<(jovcrtii)r artiHJ, to prove |iniii(ivp and actual malice ; you cannot cull upon him to go into A defence oi hi» conduct ; he numt be MipiMwcd to have acted cnn. ■cientiounly, until the contrary in proved. 'I'lu're may he cascrovcd u|M)n 1 Jniito nant-tiuvcrnor Ciore ; ur if any declarations of lits, HubRetiuenl to the siiii- peiiKion, of his having acted from sucli motives, had been proved, tiicn this part of the charge against him might uiU|ueB(ionably Hllve been sup. }K)rtod; but without any evidence of that sort, without Nometliingtliut fixes positive malice upon him, the action cannot be supported, and intliii rase I find no pitmf of that sort. " It has been urged by the Counsel for Mr. VVyatt, tliat the Hub8c me, fusnished iH-iwf that the precetlent suspension of Mr. Wyatt must have proceeded I'lvm malicious motives, for the leurncovernor Ciore had ausiHrnded him from liiitottice. I have been attempting from the opening of tliiii cause to the priipnt moment, to catch a single expression tliat would jtiHtify that allc- gatinn, Init t have found none ; this tlierefore is to Ix; considered as pub. iiilicd, not with regard only to tliese charges, nor particularly referriblu to tlicm, lint with reference to those unfortunate disputes which had taken place in the pnivince, and as an answer (o what hud been contained in ntlirr pul)lications there; I do not tliink tlierefore, that this |)ublication connected witli the act of Governor Gore, of sunpending Mr. Wyatt two yearn before, can be pressed into the service as proof of, that, in that act of suspension lie was himself influenced by motives of malice; and unless it i)L* aflirmutively proved by the Plaintiff that he acted from malicious motives, that part of the charge cannot be supported. " If you should tliink that there is no proof in tlie case of actual malice against Governor Gore, that disposes of the first charge that was opened by ;iiy brotlier Best, on belialf of Mr. Wyatt. " Willi respect to tlin scrcond charge, it is not pretended that any evi- dence ill the case applies to it. " Wecometlien to the third charge, the charge of having published tliis pamphlet itself, which was uiupu-stionably an offence against the law ; was an act against wliicli Lieutenunt-Goveriior Gore, wlio did publish it in tlic manner stated to you, cannot certainly defend himself in a Couii of Justice. I cannot therefore state to you tliat there is any doubt in the case, but that tlie Plaintiff on the last charge, the charge for publishing tills us a libellous paper is entitled to your verdict ; i think that he is. It is not necessary for me to go through the diiifcrcnt paragraphs con- tainud in this paper ; you have heard what sort of misconduct they impute to Mr. Wyatt, and it will be for you to estimate the damage that he is lilicly to have sustained in his ciiaracter from thin publication, always carrying along with you the manner of the publication, and the circum* stances under which it is proved to have been made ; and the limits which tli(> evidence given has prescribed to tliat publication. " I'lie witness called to prove the publication, is a gentleman who lias filled tliu oftice of Attorney -Gcncrul in Upper Canada; I say nothing ot 272 LAW rnOCEEDlNGS. the manner in which he conducted himself in giving M« testimony, bectnise all I meant to say upon that lubjcct I«>hav(> already laid before you, but tbe account he gave of tliii publication was this, he Waa in a situation of the iiighest confidence with the Governor; the person to whom the Governor ought on all occasions to resort for advke, and to rely on tlic advice he received from him ; it appears that on a jnrticular occasion, he, h-iviiig called on the Governor, the Governor took the pamphlet which has been pnxluced in court to-day, out of a box whicli appeared to Iiave been recently opened, for there were the marla of the nails which had originally kept the sides of the box together ; he produced to him that pamphlet which has been produced to-day, and it appeared to the witness that there were contained in the box several others of the same descrip- tion ; he says he has no doubt, that having lodied over this pamphlet, he did state to the Governor, that it was of a description that should not bo publislied ; he says likewise that he has now a perfect recollection tliat he said to the Governor, ' Mr. Wyatt is now out of the country, he probably never will come back, and therefore 1 would advise you not to do any thing that may mar his future prospects;' very proper advice, such as it dirl the witness great credit to give, and which it would be ecpially credit* able to the Defendant to follow. Let us see how far he has followed it. 'I'he witness tells you, that from thia time he never knew an instance of any one of ihese pamphlets having been disseminated in the province." Mr. Serjeant I3est. " I beg Your Lordship's pardon, he saw some in the hands of the otlicers of Government." Li^rd Chief Justice Gibbs. " You are mistaken brother Best ; I take «pon myself to say you are mistaken ; Mr. Firth told me on his last exa- mination, that from the time when he gave that advice to Lieutenant* Governor Gore, he did not know a single instance of this pamphlet ever having been disseminated by him ; Mr. Firth said so, I am sure." A Juryman. " We understand it so." Lord Chief Justice Gibbs. " Then we need not enter further into that." Mr. FiRiii. " I said the copy given to me by Lieutenant-Governor Gore, fiever was out of my possession ; that t shewed it to no soul alive," Lord Chief Justice GiBBS. " The question I asked you was this, and tiie Jury understood you as I did, whether, ai^er the time that you said to Lieuienant- Governor Gore, that it was not probable tl»t Mr. Wyatt would return to the province, and that it would be a pity to mar his future prospects, you knew of any instance of his having delivered out any ore ef those pamphlets." Mr. Firth. " Certainly, I can answer that very readily ; 1 cannot prove tliat Governor Gore ever distributed any others than that he gave to nie." Mr, Serjeant Best. " It was a former part of his examination." ■ Lord Cliicf Justice Gibbs. " I know every part of his examination ; the observations 1 am making are perfectly just upon that part of the evidence to which I am applying them. I was just about to state to tlie Jury that to which you are adverting, but it cannot be expected that the Judge will shape every fact proved in the cause, to that colour which the Cocusd LAW PIIOCEEDINGS. 273 wi)h« to gWe it ; I munt state it according to the impression upon my mind, for if the Counsel for the Plaintitf were to direct the Judge in what form he was to state the facts proved, applying his own reasoning upon them, it would be difficult to arrive at justice. " Gentlemen, 1 have stated this to you, that Mr. Firth admitted that hegavelhisadvice to Lieutenant-Governor Gore; and he admitted that he knew of no instance in which Lieutenant-Governor Gore, after that time, ever published any one of these pamphlets; that was what he said before; that is what he now says : I know that Mr. Firth, in a fornuT part of his evidence, had said, that he had seen these pa.mphlets in the hands of oilier persons ; having said that he had seen them in the hanus of other persons, he was asked in addition, whetlier he had ever seen them in the haiulsof any but the officers of Government, ainl in answer to that ques* tion, Mr. Firth said. No, never ; that he never had seen any one of them in the hands of any person but in the hands of the officers of Government; now, although I do not state to you that the delivering them out to the ut)icers of Government was a justification to Mr. Gore, for I tliirik lie was iiot justified in so delivering them out, yet it is a very dilferent thing, after those dissensions that had taken place in the province, delivering out a publication of this description only to the officers of Government, who might be consulted in the investigation of these matters, and delivering them out generally for publication. It does not appear, as far as the evi- dence goes, that any instance had occurred of their being delivered out to jiiy but the officers of Government ; to the officers of Government it does appear that they were delivered out ; not only to Mr. Firth, but toothers in the province ; that act was not justifiable ; for tliat act Lieutenant-Go- vernor Gore is unquestionably answerable to Mr. Wyatt in damages ; he has violated the law in so delivering out those pamphlets, and what- ever injury you think Mr. Wyatt has received by the publication of those pamphlets so delivered out, for that injury you will give him a compen- tation— to that he is entitled, beyond that he is not entitled. " Upon the first charge, you have heard the observations I have made, and you will consider whether you think there is any actual malice in the act of suspension proved against the Defendant. If you think there is not, you will find a verdict upon that for the Defendant ; if you think there is, you will find upon that for the Plaintiff. With regard to the second charge, it is deserted. With respect to tlie third, the Plaintiff has made out his case fully, so as to entitle him to a verdict ; and it is for you to say what damages he is entitled to for that publication, which has been proved." The Jury withdrew, and returned in a quarter of an hour, finding a verdict for the Plaintiff, — Damages 300/*. Lord Chief Justice Gi BBS. " Upon wliich count do you find for the Plaintiff?" Foreman of the Jury. " On the third count,"--Lord Chief Justice Gibbs. *' For the Libel?" Foreman of the Jury. '' Yes, my Lord."— Lord Chief Justice Gibbs. " That is, on the fiftli count." * The Pl^intiif' s dansngei were laid at twenty-six thousand pounds. Vol. II.— No. III. 2 N I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I £? |j£ 12.0 M l'-25 II '-^ Ii4 < 6" » <% ^ V] ^> ^:4 .* ^* Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STRiiT WIBSTIR,N.Y. 145M (716) 172-4503 4^ 274 OCCURRENCES. Mr. Cox. " You find for the Defendant on the other counts?" Fore- man of the Jury, " Yes." Counsel for the Plaintiff, Mr. Serjeant Best, Mr. Serjeant Peix, and Mr. RlCHARRSON. Solicitors for the Plaintiff, Messrs. Jenkins, James, and Abbot. Counsel for the Defendunt, Mr. Serjeant Lkns, Mr. Harrison, Mr. Serjeant Copley, and Mr. Coltman. Solicitor for the Defendant, Mr. Atcheson. OCCURRENCES. LOWER CANADA. PREVIOUSLY to the departure of Sir Gordon Driimmond from Lower Canada, His Excellency received the following Ad- dresses from the inhabitants of Quebec and Montreal : — MONTREAL. To His Excell.?ncy Sir Grordon Drunimond, Knight Commander of tlie Most Honourable and Military Order of the Bath, Administrator in Chief of the Governments of the provinces of Upper and Lower Clauada, Vice Admiral of the same. May it please Your Excellency, We, the inhabitants of the city of Montreal, have been informed, that Your Excellency is immediately about to avail yourself of the permissum to return to England, which His Royal Highness the Prince Regent lias been pleased to grant. Such an occurrence, although not unexpected, could not fail of excit- ing sincere regret, since none can be so ignorant of the events of the last few years, as to be unacquainted with Your Excellency's claims to our re- gard ; and we cannot, without equal injustice to our own feelings, and to the merits of Your Excellency, allow your departure to take place unac- companied by those expressions of respectful gratitude and attachment, to which Your Excellency's character and services in the two Provinces have justly entitled you. Of tiiose services, neither the time afforded us, nor the limits of an ad- dress, would permit us to give an adequate description ; but we f^el it, nt'verlheless, our duty to state, that while we were engaged in an arduous and dangerous war with the people of the United States, whose armies had entered and laid waste many parts of Upper Canada ; and while in other respects we were labouring under circumstances of peculiar difficulty und flistress, with weiik and limited means of defence, Your Excellcntv OCCURRENCES. 275 affiumed the command of His Majesty's forces in the Upper Proviiice, and after a series of gallant and well contested actions, in which Your Excel- lency's valour and conduct were successfully and conspicuously displayed, the enemy was compelled to quit the country. Your Excellency was afterwards appointed to the Government of this part of his Majesty's dominions, and we feel happy in declaring our firm conviction of the puiity and propriety of intention by which Your Excel- lency has been actuated in the administration thereof, during the shoit period you have remained amongst us. We feel satisfied, that whatever may have been Your Excellency's personal sulTerings and privations, the time passed in this country will always afibrd you a subject of pleasing reflection, in the remembrance, that after returning into Canada, your native country, in a period of difficulty and danger, and after having fought and bled in its defence, you are en- ah!ed to quit it in a state of peace and security. We entreat Your Excellency to accept, not merely as the eifusion of personal feeling, but as a debt of justice, the expressions of our warmest interest in your welfare, of our sincere hope that your voyage to England may be safe anil speedy, that those honourable testimonials of royal appro- bation which constitute the most distinguished reward of merit may await you on your arrival, and that in the bosom of your own family, you may long continue to enjoy that prosperity and happiness which Your Ex- cellency's exertions have greatly contributed to secure for others. To which Address His E.\eellency was pleased to return the fol- lowing answer :— Gentlemen, I receive with the liveliest satisfaction your very flattering Address. Your approbation of my conduct in this Government, therein commani- cated, in terms so very gratifying to my feelings, calls for my wannest ac- knowledgments ; for you could not have bestowed a reward more dear to me, than the sense you have been pleased to declare of the integrity of my intentions in the discharge of my public duties. My former residence in this my native Province, and more immedi- ately at Montreal, was of sufficient duration to implant and establish in my breast the warmest interest for its inhabitants. You will, therefore, readily believe, that I shall ever have truly at heart the welfare of a city, which so highly claims my anxious wishes for its prosperity. Suffer me to add, that I should consider myself guilty of great ingrati- tude, could I ever forget those kind expressions of regard and esteem, which your Address conveys towards myself and family. QUEBEC. To His Excellency Sir Gordon Drummond, &c. May it please Your Excellency, We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the city of Quebec, having learned Your Excellency's intended departure from the Province, avail oul m lj ';i If i ii ii I 276 OCCURRENCES. •elves of the opportunity to fulfil a pleasing duty, that of oflering our sincere acknowiudgnients to your Excellric) , for the uniform justice and moderation by which your public conduct has been marked, during the whole time that you have held the administration of this Government^ which has called forth general respect and esteem. When, in the administration of that of our Sister Province, during the war, as General commanding, you liad a most arduous task to perform, frequent attempts were made, by a comparatively overwhelming force, to invade that Province, and we had as frequent opportunities of admiring the brave and unconquerable perseverance by which Your Excellency's military command was distinguished ; and to those inestimable qualities of a soldier, infused by Your Excellency's personal example into the minds of all descriptions of persons serving with you, we attribute, under Divine Providence, the glorious result, which, in each successive campaign, left you, at its close, in possession of the entire Province. Satisfied that you cannot be otherwise than graciously received by His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, acting on behalf of our much revered Sovereign, and that your public conduct will receive the unqualified appro- bation to which it is so justly entitled, we most respectfully take our leave, praying that Your Excellency may long enjoy good health, and every earthly happiness in the bosom of a beloved family, from whom you have been so long separated, and that by a safe and pleasant passage you may speedily be conveyed to them. To which his Excellency was pleased to make the following answer :— Gentlemen, Permit me to express my sincere acknowledgment for this your very gratifying Address. It gives me the greatest satisfaction to find that my endeavours to dis- charge the important duties intrusted to me, in the administration of the government of this Province, have met your approbation and gained jour flattering esteem ; nor are your expressions, with regard to my services in the Sister Province, during the late war, lets grateful to a soldier's heart. Believe me, Gentlemen, truly sensible of their value; and be assured, that on my part, I shall ever retain the most anxious wishes for the general interests and welfare of the Province, and for the happiness and prosperity of the highly respectable inhabitants of Quebec. UPPER CANADA. The return of tranquillity in Upper Canada has been accom- panied by several agreeable occurrences. In the late session of the Parliament or Assembly of that province, in addition to the laudable desire which was manifested to further the general cause of educa- tion, there was displayedj in more than one particular, a temper OCCURRENCES. 277 which bespeaks a loyal and satisfied community. On the 36th of March, the two houses of the legislature waited upon His Excel- lency the Lieutenant-Governor, and presented the following Ad- dress, to be transnutted to England :— To His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, Prince Regent of th« United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. May it please Your Royal Higliness, We, His Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Legislative Coun- cil and House of Assembly of the Province of Upper Canada, in Provin- cial Parliament assembled, impressed with a lively sense of the firm, up* right, and liberal administration of Francis Gore, Esq. Lieutenant-Go- vernor of this Province, as well as of his unceasing attention to the indivi- dual and general interests of the colony during his absence, have unani- mously passed a Bill to appropriate the Sum of Three Thousand Pounds, to enable him to purchase a service of plate, commemorative of our gratitude. Apprized that this spontaneous gift cannot receive the sanction of our beloved Sovereign in the ordinary mode, by the acceptance of the Lieu- tenant-Governor in his name and behalf, we, the Legislative Council and Assembly of the Province of Upper Canada, humbly beg leave to approach Your Royal Highness with an earnest prayer, that yon will approve this (leinonstration of our gratitude, and graciously be pleased to sanction, in his Majesty's name, the grant of the Legislature in behalf of the inha- bitants of Upper Canada. Legislative Council Chamber, March 86th, 1816. ' (Signed) W. DUMMKR POWELL, Speaker. Commons House of Assembly, March 25, 1816. (Signed) ALLAN MACLEAN, Speaker. Seveml other addresses, no less flattenng, have been presented to the Lieutenant-Governor, from the different districts, congratu- lating His Excellency on his return to the province, and thanking him for his previous services. By private letters from the province, written before the Pro- vincial Legislature had concluded its Session, the most pleasing and satisfactory accounts are given of the cordial co-operation of the Legislative Council and Assembly with the Lieutenant-Go- vernor, in all measures of public utility recommended by him to their attention. Indeed, every proposition from His Excellency- has been met with extreme liberality, and in a manner which clearly evinces the proper sense entertained by the other branches of the Legislature, of the great importance of employing the present period of respite from war, so as to provide most effectually for security, in the unhappy event of its recurrence. ill I ' 278 OCCURRENCES. Some important measures were still under coiiBideration. An annual sum of 25001. has been placed at the Governor's disposal, in aid of the Civil" List. An act is passed preparatory to the organization of jvirishes and institution of parsons. A bill was under consideration modifying the provisions of the present School Act, organizing, in the townships. Primary Schools, from which scholars may advance to the District Schools, and establishing a Provincial Semmary, where young men, designed for the liberal professions, and higher walks in colonial life, may receive a suit. able education. Though the means of the Province are yet too circumsrribcfl, and other calls for their application are too numerous and prcssiiii^ to admit of such an establishment on a scale nearly commensurate with the object, yet it may be hoped, that a foundation will be laid for future structures ; and even by this much will be achieved. The Militia Act was undergoing revision, and it was in con- templation to restore the system of flank companies, upon the principle adopted by the late gallant General Brock, under whose auspices they were so eminently serviceable in the beginning of the late war. The fiscal relations between Upper Canada and the Lower Pro. vince were a subject of much discussion, as, indeed, they were last year; and on that head, it seems, some injustice is apprehended by the former, which may render necessary an appeal to the mother country. Police Offices will be established at York and Kingston, as iti Quebec and Montreal. The salaries of the Speaker and Officers of the House of Assembly, and the allowances of the Members, will be increased. An act has also passed for forming a Ninth District, from con< tiguous parts of the Home and Niagara Districts, which were thought too extensive for convenience in the internal administnitiou of justice, and in several other respects. The new District is called *' Camden," and the county-town is to be built, it is said, in Barton, where the road ascends the mountain, a delightful situa> tion, commanding a beautiful prospect of Lake Ontario, and of Burlington Bay. A bill was in committee, and was expected to pass, for OCCURRENCES. 279 establishing a reaitleiit Agent in England, to solicit the interests of the Colony. It was in coiiteinplution to vote 3000/. for the pur- chase of plate for Lieutenant-Governor Gore, as a public mark of approbation of his Excellency's former udininistration of the Government, and his constant and /eulous attention to all thingi, connected with the true interests of the Province ; and this, as is seen above, has been since done. These liberalities of the Legislature area pleasing assurance, not only of the most desirable and most cordial unanimity, but also of the increased means of the Province, which enable them to do so much. Besides the pecuniary appropriations above-mentioned, and the provision for contemplated establishments, they have been able to devote 25,000/. to the improvement of the public highways through the Province. Last year they gave 50,000/. to the same object, iiiid such sums, judiciously expended, as no doubt they will be, under the inspection of intelligent and active Commissioners, will t;o far in facilitating the land communication throughout Upper Caimda, which is at present, in some parts, much deficient. This is a measure of prinmiy importance to the prosperity of the Province during jieace, and to its security in war. Wiiatever could lit spared from the provincial revenue has been always hitherto de- voted to the improvement of the roads; but it has been only within tlie last few years that the increasing commerce of the country has placed such considerable sums at the disposition of the Legislature. i Within the limits of the provinr;e, a new settlement has recently lieen formed, upon an island in Lake Huron, which is deno- minated Drunmiond's Inland. Neither the insertion of the fol- lowing extract of a letter from the island, which is in part his- torical, and which also displays the political feelings and interests of the place, nor of the list of Waterloo Subscription uhich does so much honour to the patriotism of those, who, in that remote quarter, sympatliize with their British brethren, will need apology :— " Our town has started up from its primeval wilderness with astonish- ing rapidity, and is already a handsome settlement. Its situation, even in this frigid season, is striking, but in summer singularly beautiful jimI 280 OCCURIl£NCES. picturesque. When the propoied improvements of this year are carritfl into effect, it will vie with most in the Upper Province. The dull mo- notony of St. Joseph's forms a strong contrast to the lively checrfulnegt of Drummond's Island. It possesses a noble harbour, and, in fact, every advantage that would rapidly advance it to wealth and ptu:nerity. The recent commercial treaty with the Americans may, however, retard its progress. Those Ministers, who evinced such firmness and magnanimity in saving Europe, seem to lose all political sagacity when they come in contact with the wary Jonathan. The Ittdians, notwithstanding their fidelity and gallant beiiaviour in the war, are voluntarily renounced ; our reiterated assurances, that we held ihem firm by tht hand, and would never abandon them, are forgotten. They too sanguiiiely believed, that if honesty and good faith were to be found on earib, they were enthroned in the bosom of their English Father ; and so ihcy would have found then, had He Seen conscious of what had been promised in his name ! Thej are now given up, and either doomed to a gradual extermination, or to be driven from their sole remaining lands by their implacable enemies. The poet finely describes their probable destiny : — *' So the bold Sauk, by Mississippi's tide, Nurs'd hardy on the brindled panther's hide. As fades his swarthy race, with anguish sees The Yankee cottages among their trees ; Driven from the shelter of his native wood. He leaves the murmur of his much-lov'd flood. And northward rushing, in indignant grief. Where never foot has trod the fallen leaf; He bends his course where twilight reigns sublime. O'er forests silent since the birth of time!" The following are the Names of the Subscribers at the Post of Oruminond's Island, for the Relief of the Widows and Orphaii!; of those who fell at the Battle of Waterloo :— Licut.-Col. R. M . - . 6 d Ml. Mich. O'Connor - - . .400 Lieut. Adam Gordon, Poyal Navy > - • 5 John Johnston, Esq. (Sault St. Mary) • . > 10 Lieut. Keating, Fort-Adjutant - - - 5 Mr. George Johnston - - - .300 Carry forward <£94 & COLONIAL SUMMARY. Lieut. R. Heane, Royal Navy Lieut. Moses, S7th Regiment Barrack Master Sentlow Ranson Mr. William Simpson Mr. William M'l^herson Captain Tii. Anderson, Indian Dept. Doctor Mitchel, do. Lieut. Lewis S. Johnston, do. Lieut. Brishois, do. Lieut. Cadotte do. Interpreter Solomon do. Assigiiach, Indian Chief, do. do. do. do. Brought forward do. do. 281 Do. Do. St. Germain, Do. Dusang, Do. Desonier, John Roy (Blacksmith) Janiei Farling Mr. J. Solomons - Mr. L. Rolette Mr. M. Coursolle Mr. Francis Gruet Mr. George Gordon Mr. Joseph Bailly Messrs. Bertholottc and Rolette Garrison Serjeant Major Parker Henry Fleury (late Serjeant of Captain Anderson's Company of Mississippi Volunteers One day's pay by civil servants of Government Detachment Royal Sappers and Miners Detachment Royal Artillery Captain Stephens's Company S7th Regiment Captain Taylor's do. ^94 5 4 5 8 1 8 6 S 3 S 1 1 I 1 1 5 S 2 S « 5 5 1 ft 10 3 3 9 3 S 10 10 10 4 4 4 4 4 10 10 10 1 7 4 5 IS 6 2 7 11 5 7 6 a Total amount currency ..£'207 4 8 Exclusive of a sum subscribed at Montreal, by desire of John Askin, Esq. Storekeeper, Indian Department, Drummond Island • ■ • • -400 ; 49\l 4 8 Vol. II. No. III. 20 pXjt 282 Febr. 30 90. Mar, 30 ao. AprU 10 10 10. 10. 10. 39. 29. June 88. 26. July I. - 28. 28. 28. APPOINTMENTS. nniTis/f jwnrii jmeric.4. NOV/\ SCOTIA. CIVIL. , IBlG. Joliii Roltinson, Fji«|. Trenmii-rrnf the |irovincr of Nova Scotia, Jam<-H While, V.tk(\. Slieritl' i>f llie city uiid voiiiily of St. John. , Lewi* M. WilkiiiN, Exq. tliiitl .Ivitidaiit Judge of the Suprrmt Court of N. S. Prk'K Wiitwall, Ewq. Associute Cirriiit Judge of Ihe Sunreme Court, N.S. ' Win LawRon, E«q. Commiiwiouer o' the Rcventie. , Jainea FruHcr, JanxH I)oiii;la)i, and S. Cuiiard, Eitqiiire*, to Coni. miRsionera of all the lixht houncii on the coaatM of N. S. J. Pretrott and J. Muiii-y, Eiquirca, to be Justices of the Peace for the rnunly of Hulifux. J. Hcndiicken, E«q. to he Justice of the Peace for the county of Sydney. John C. Rudolf, Esq. Justice of the Peace for the county of Lniun. burgh. Hon. niichael Wallace, to be Judge of the Vic« Admiralty Court for Ihe province of N. S. Hon. Jamea Stewart, to be a Maiter in the Court of Chancery. Janirs Creigi ;on, James 'Ihoin, J. Pryor, Win. Luwaun, nml T Heaviiiidc, all of Halifax, EHquireti, to be Juvtices of the Piucv fui the county of Halifax. John Evans, Eaq and Edward Enwri|i;ht, Esq. to be Jnsticts of tin Peace for the couiily of Lunenburgh. James Cochran, E8(|. to be Sccirtary for Annapolis Royal. Crofton Viiiacke, Esq. to he Judge of the Court of Vice Admirnlly, and one of the Members of H. M. Council fur Nova Scotia. Wm. Rnsi, Esq. to be a Justice of the Peace of Ibe county of .An. nupolia. Peter I.anigan, Etiq. to be a Justice of the Fence for the county of ISydney, niid a Commissioner for building n light- house on Cranberry Island. Andrew .Snodgrass and W. I*. Bunnell, Etiquircs, to be Contniit. sinners to re-build the light-bouse on brian Island. BIRTHS. BniTISII NORTH ^tMERtCJ Fel/r. 3. At Montreal, the — — 10. At Montreal, the Nar. 11. At Quebec, Mrs. —— 17. At Montreal, the April a. At Chanibly, the ^— 6. At Montioil, the ■ ■ ■ 18. At Moiitreul, the June a. At Chanibly, the daughter. CANADA. lady of Leonard Mailor, Esq. of a daiiglitrr. wife of Mr. John ('oward, of a son. Everitt, wife of Lieut. Evcritt,4th R.V.B.of asuit lady of Lieut. John Stevenson, looth regl. ofasun. lady of Geo. P. Woollcy, Esq. of a daughter, lady of Wm. Green, Esq. of n daughter, lady of George Piatt, Esq. of a daughter, lady of Assistaat Coininissary Gen. Knpcr, of ■ MARltlAGRS. 283 Juljf 6. At Montreal, the Indy of Major LnrinfTi of n unn. .— . 95. At Montreal, the l^ady of Mr. AUani L. Maiiiiilcr, of a dauglitrr. ^^^^ NOVA Sf'OTIA. Mar. 19- At Halifax, the lady of the Hon. C'ommiiiioncr tVodcliouie, of a dniifjhtri-. At Itiiwduii, the Indy of Lieut Moxon, of a lun. At Horlon, the lady of Dr. Uayard,of a aun. At Halifax, the lady uf Mnjur St. Clair, of a sun. J'lne Aug. Srpl. II. b. lU. I I MARRIAGES. BRITISH AVHTII ^JHERIC^. II' i'l t, to bt C'onmii'- JllU. •2.1. il lekr. ti 10 Mnr. 10 H 13. 17 18 Iff 25 April 2.1. i\. 1 13. — 15. j8 May IS. June 80. 22. CANAD.4. , |fli(i. At Sntlnn, Mr. Jacoli 1)t> Witt, to Minn Sopltronia Prary. .4t Montrral, Mr. David Council, to Mm. AiniiitH Furrell At .Montri-iil, Mr Robert VVisrly, to .Mrs. 'I'lionisDii. At Montreal, Albert Bender, Kiq. to Mihs TherNu, daughter off. F. Prnaiill, Eni|. At IVIoiitrciil, Lient. Jos. Wittmen, of the Regt. de Meuroii, to Mrs. Miiria 'I'lierrso Vaneher. At Montreal, Andrew Purteous, Eftq. to Ann, danghtrr of the lute Cnptuiu John Muinpt'MRon. At Montreal, Henry Cox, KHq. to Miss HeuRhnw. At Burlington, Mr. Morey Kiughain, to Mifii Sarah Winas. At MuHtri'al, Captain R. E. Armstrong, of the Nova Scotia regt., to (ieorginno, eldest daughter uf Henry Wright, Eftq. At St. David's, Upper Canada, Mr. Juhn Latnpman, to Misi Mary .Sccord. At Uneber, (jcorge Hamilton, Esq to Susan, second daughter of the late Hon. John Crnigie. At St. David'H, Upper Canada, Mr. Wm.Seriog, to Miss Ball. .'\t York, Captiiin Thus. Duller Fitzgerald, to Sally Anna, only dnniihter uf Col. Chewit At Quebec, the Rev. George Jenkins, B. D. to Miss Harriet Playstcd. At Montreal, Charles Purteous, Esq. to Miss Laura k'ruwnson. At Three Rivers, Mr Soluiuoa Benjamin, to Miss Mai-y Duncan. At Montreal, (jeo. A. Ayngc, Esq. to Miss Mary Juliunna Jonrs. At Quebec, Mr. Churles E. Collier, to Miss Reheeca .^tilson. At New York, Mr. Benjamin S. Solomon, to Misn E. M. Seixas, daughter of the Rev. J. M. Seixas. At KingHtun, in Upper Canada, Ambrose Blacklock, surgjon, ti. N. to Miss Catlierihe M'Douald,of Glcngary. At Montreal, Mr. George Chapman, to Mrs. Mury Giluiore. At Montreal, Richard Saxtuu, Esq. to Miss Fraucea May, dauj^hter uf Mr. James Marshall. ./(Iff. NOVA SCOTL\. 6. At HaUfax, Mr. Andrew Nisbet, to Miss Ann Phillips. )l. At Halifax, Mr. John Peeples, to Miss Eliz. ShaHroth. •— a. At Ha^fuy^ Mr. Ifob. Hen. Hcury, to Mrs. Marp;arct Forrcstall. l6. AtSackville, Mr. Daniel M'Dnff, to Miss Rispizii M«Kill. 3a. At Halifax, Mr. Edward Briunen, to Mrs. Ann Burrows. !i « i I'' ' *s SB4 OBITUAUV. F*l>r. d A\ Kt. H«l«m«. Lanniihtrr, John Kheppnrtl, P.aq. lu Miti EUanot Murray. At Hnlit'ax, !\fr. Hrnry Riit:l>y, Mr. ToitiuH Sullivan, of C'larr, to IMIm hiii. Smith. At lliiliriis, Mr. William Kiibiiit, lu Mr«. 5iirnli Itrrp. At llRlifax, Mr Adiim llciumrnn, lu Mi«s .Sitpliiii Ulaahait. At Liverpool, N. .S. Mr. riiarli-s W. E. Pit'srott, to VIU* Mnry k rulkiii. At I.ivirpool, Mr. Hrnry Hopkinit, to Miss MarMiti rrveman. -— a:). At niiVirux, Mr. William Walkrr, to Mim Hokc M*llrcatli. 85. At St. Paul'* Cliurch, Doviti N. Cluike, V.%(\. to Mr*. J.me IMiir; Hoali'v. Nnr. S. At Hulifax, Mr. Arthur M'Dniif;nll, to Mii« Mnry Ann Irinh. .-— h. At Hulifiix, Mr. Fctcr (•ephuril, to Mi«ty of Sydney, Joseph H. Marshall, Esq. aged 33 At Halifax, Mark Murphy, Esq. aged 64. At Halifax, Miss Margaret A. M'Farlane, aged 39. At Halifax, Mrs. Mars^nret Gibson, wife of Capt. Gibson, aged 33. At Halifax, Miss Marenret M'Fnrlen, aged 26. At Halifax, Mrs. Ann Handy, aged 29. At Blairfinde, Jacqnew C. Herse, Esq. Major of that parish. At Halifax, Mrs. Martha Hall, aged 44. At Newport, Mr. Joseph Wier, aged afi. At Barbados, Mr. Charles Spike, aged 26. At Windsor, Miss Jane Sentrll, aged 17. At Halifax, Mr. Frederick Hinkell, aged S3. At the Catholic Glebe House, the Rev. Mr. M'Donald, aged 63. Ai Halifax, Mrs. .M. Hnrd, widow of the late J. Hurd, Esq. aged;;. At Windsor, Mr. Peter Hall, in the 93nd year of his age. At Halifax, Capt. Ritchie, a native of Scotland. At Gnyshurongh, Mrs. Elizabeth Toby, aged g(i years, leaving alive two children, 24 grand-children, 66 great-grand-children, 12 great. great-grand-children, making, in the whole, )04 descendants. At Newport, Thomas Thomas Allan, Esq aged 6j. At Halifax, Mii*s M. E. A. Spencer, aged 35. At Liverpool, Mr. Thomas Barss, aged 37 years. At Windsor, Mrs. S. Franklin, aged 76 years. At Halifax, Mr. Alexander Smith, aged 58. At Halifax, Mr. William Carroll, aged 50. At Halifax, Mrs. S. M'Kenzie, aged 28. At Halifax, Mrs. S Hamilton, aged 33. At Halifax, Mr. James Condon, aged 50. At Halifax, Mr. Henry Haverstock, aged 36. At Halifax, Capt. John Westmacott, R. S. C. Mr. Peter Smith, a native of the county of Galloway. At Halifax, Peter Smith, Esq. At Halifax, C. Conuor, Esq. 287 SHIP-LETTERS. PACKETS, &c. General Post Office, Thursday, October 31, 18 IG. THE following Vessels will carry sealed fiags of Letters from the Sliip- Letter Office, under the Act of 39 Geo. 111., imposing a flaif-Uateuf Packet-Postage on such Letters : — FROM LONDON TO Names of Places. Names of Ships. ^^Jf""^ New South Wales, Harriet, .... Oct. .T I . Senegal, Goree, and Sierra I^one, - Findlay, .... Nov. 3. '■ , - Echo, . - - . . Xov. 3 1 . . , - Euphemia, - - . Nov. 5. Gibraltar, Carthagena, and Alicant, - Comet, .... j«Jov. 1. Trieste and Venice, -..-.. Albion, .... Nov. 1 0. Genoa, - - . Griffin, .... Nov. 10. Lisbon, J-ady Frances, - - Nov. 10. Piiiladelphia, Severn, . - - . Oct. 31. CLarleston, ..------. Ann, - - - . . Oct. 3 1 . . , Oscar, Oct. 3 1 . New York, Victory, ... - Oct. 31. , HyderAlly, . - - Nov. 1. — . ~, --.--.-.. Traveller, - . - Nov. 10. St. John's, Newfoundland, ... - Royal George, . - Oct. 3 1 . Greiiada, I^uisa, .... Nov. 15. Berbice, Plutus, ..... Nov. 15. Jamaica, --. Preston, .... Oct. 3 1 . Trinidad, - Harvey, .... \ov. 10. Barbados, -..-.--.. Richard and Sibella Wov. 15. jVladeira, Tortola, and St. Thomas, - Henry Wellesley, - Nov. lo. Madeira and St. Michael's, ... London, . - - - Nov. 13. , - - - Resolution, - . - Nov. 20. Demarara, Alfred, .... Nov. 7. Beside the above, the Ship-Letter Office forwards Letters through the Out> ports, as often as opiiortunities oiler. RETURN OF PACKETS. THE return of the packets is calculated thus: To Jamaica and back 17 weeks; America 15; Leeward Islands 13; Malta 12; Brazils 18; from Sept. to Feb. inclusive, the packet touches at Bahia, on her outward pas- sage to Rio Janeiro, and the otlier six months on her homeward. In Nov. Dl'c. Jan. and Fei). the packets, touching at Bermuda, go to New York diri ;t. The other eight mouths they go and return via Halifax. DEPARTURE OF MAILS. MEDITERRANEAN. Osborne, with the Mail of 29th inst. will sail on the arrival of last Night's Post at Falmouth. MADEIRA, CANARIES, AND BRAZIL. Speedy for the Mail of 5th Nov. AMERICA AND WEST INDIES. Grace for the American Mail of 6th November. Manchester for the Jamaica ditto. Lord Hobart and Diana preparing for service. I ti I I (■ ■n : 288 C4 ^ H o a 9 2 'J^ JS <» ^ "2 p ^1 ■E| «5 Ol o « 05 «5 «; a Ol e ^* o> 3 o o C . 1 1 1 JS £ • • 1 ii »> S 5 u :* ^ k a *^ & 1 c5 ^ fat) K "^i f ^ 2 1 -a* 25 1 ; o Ot «5 t^ 1> o •0 • 1 Ol "■ i o» ■ ■s t (J t r. 13 o o c o o tn K • ^ ^ ^ • « 3 , 2 ' a" , 1 •• • 1 < < : 1 1 IP ! ^ ^ i 1 > c 1 q d ^^ S $J J3 "C I '5 s . 1l 1 H- >> 1 1 1 SJ 1 1 1 'x ^ 1 1 ^^ 1? : -d u (dZ:: CO oe 1 ^ '^^ /-vA ^\ (^.'-^ • s .9 2 « 1 2 ^1 Q e o « ^ 2 ■r a! N 2 T .11 ^ J: 1 -SQ Q Is ei 'I • c i is lb Q y ^Cs ■ — " « v^ W l> ( <9 7! •-• • -< 0» >N e» • « n a; ^ 1 H 51 O 01 01 1* 5 i a 1 ■4 > o • •• S o 2> -S* 3 o CI mT O O ■ft o o 5 t5 o ("WV-»% •73 e c 2 ^ cd (O « a 1 i