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 Photographic 
 
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 The information in this notice is to be carefully considered. 
 
 Bydrographic Notice. 
 
 [No. 10 OF THE YKAK 1895.] 
 
 HYDROGRAPHIO NOTICE 
 
 BBLATINQ TO 
 
 ALASKA; 
 
 BERING SEA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, &c., 
 
 TAKUTAT BAT, ALASKA, TO KAMCHATKA, 
 INCLUDING BERING SEA AND STRAIT. 
 
 POBLIBSEb BY OBDKB OF THK I.0BD8 COMHIBBIOKSBS OF THE ADMIBALTT. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PBIHTED FOB THE HTOl^OOaiLPHIG OFFIGB, ApmBlLTt, 
 
 By D&RLIKC} & 80N, Ltd., 1, 2, 3, & B, iG^BKAT St. i'soius Apomm, &0. ; 
 
 AND BOLD BT 
 3. b. POTTBH. AOBMT FOB THE flAt.lI OF ADUIBAt,Tr OBABTS, 
 
 81, POULTBT, AKD U, KIKO SlBBliT. TOWER^HILL. 
 
 Pritt JN^itUjteinee. 
 
 ihVt iA<n>tit* 
 
 i| 
 
 f 
 
W ^v Xf'Kito • 
 
■i 
 
 »'■< jf*^ 
 
 
 Tlii! iu/'innaiiun in this nod'cc is to be carefully consiihieU. 
 
 m 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 11 
 
 llijdnujraphic Notice. 
 [No. 10 OK TiiK Ykau 1895.] 
 
 HYDROGRAPHIC NOTICE 
 
 UKI.ATINC TO 
 
 ALASKA; 
 BEIiniCr SEA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, &c. 
 
 YAKl^TAT 15AY, ALASKA, TO KAMCHATKA, 
 INCLIIDTXi; BEiaXi; SMV AND STRAIT. 
 
 PITBLISHED BV OltDKK OK THE LOUDS COM.M ISdIONIOKS OF TllK AD.MI IIALTY. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTF.D FOR THK HYDROCUM'IIIC OFriCE, ADMIUAT/PY, 
 
 By darling .V: Soy, I/ra, 1 -. :'■ >*>: ■<. CwKKt St. Thomas Aposti.e, EC . 
 
 ANr> soi.i) iiy 
 
 J. D. rOTTF.U, A(JKNT lou Tni; sale op AnMinAr.TT Charts. 
 
 31, POUI'iUY, AND II, KlNci STREET, TOWER HILU 
 
 ISII,-), 
 
 6 
 
 Price Ninrjtence. 
 
 • 
 

ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Tho information in this notice relates to the coast of Alaska, from 
 Yakutat bay to BiTinpr strait ; the Aleutian islands ; the islands in 
 Bering sea ; the east coasts of Kamchatka and Eastern Siberia to 
 Bering strait, including tho Komandorski islands ; it is ilerived 
 principally from notices issued by tho United States Government 
 and the Remark books of Her Majesty's ships. 
 
 As no part of these coasts has yet been surveyed, nor any sailing 
 directions published, great caution must be used in navigating: in their 
 vicinity. 
 
 This notice cancels all Notices to Mariners relating to these coasts, 
 
 including No. 423 of 18%. 
 
 
 W, J. L. W. 
 
 Htdrographic Departmeni 
 Admiralty, 
 
 October 1895. 
 
 so 11803—1000—4/95 \Vt. 27098 D Ic S. 
 
 PROViMCIAI . !./ . 
 
 Ai 
 
 •RAr^V 
 
 VICTORIA, £3. 0. 
 
IW TBZ8 WORK TUB BBABXHOS ABB Alt MAONBTZO, 
 BXCBFT WUBRB MARKED AS TRUB. 
 
 THB BBARZirOS OP THB VISIBIXiXTT OP X.IOBTS OR 
 
 SBCTORS OP I,ZOHTS ARB PR3M SB AWARD, OR 
 
 TOWARDS THB XiZOBT. 
 
 TBB DZSTANCBS ABB BXPBBSSBD ZN SEA MZKBS OP 
 60 TO A DEDREB OF Z.ATZTV08. 
 
 A CABZiB'S XBirGTB ZS ASSUMED TO SB SQUAI. TO 
 lOO FATBOMS. 
 
 TBB SOUITDZNCS ARB REDUCED TO liOW WATBR OP 
 ORDZNART SPRZITO TZDBS. 
 
xc. 
 
 >r 
 
 
 
 Jfydrof/nijj/i if iS'otict-. 
 [No. 10 OF TiiK Ykm; 1895.] 
 
 11 Y I) It OG HA I'll IC KoTK'I': 
 
 UELATl.Sd TK 
 
 ALASKA; BEUINU SEA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, kc„ 
 
 Yakutat liAY, Alaska, to Kamchuka, uncludino 
 Herino Sea ano Strait. 
 
 COAL.— At St. Piiiil, KudiaK' island, .:oal may hv, obtain. .1 in 
 qiiantitiea up to .W tons, but ucitluT the supply nor tho .nullity 
 can bo depended ou. At Unalaska, the usual stock i..aintain.d lu 
 Dutch hai-lmur is about 1,000 tons, an.l at Hiidiuk harb„nr about 
 400 tonn. 
 
 At iVtroj-aulovsk, the amount k.'pi \<y tl;.' ui.'ivliaut is very 
 uncertain and must not be depcnde.l ..u ; it was only 70 i.>ns in 
 September I-SDIJ. The Russian government maintain a steek of: 
 coal here ; it was \m tons in 18'.U, but it is entirely for the use of 
 the HuHsian man-of-war statione'l in these waters ou seal lishery 
 duti.'S. 
 
 Communication.-The U.S. mail steamer, belonging to the 
 North American Commercial Company, runs between biika and 
 Unalaska, calling at Yakutat bay, Xuischuk, St. Paul ami karluk, 
 .Ivadiak island, Unga, and Sand point ^Humboldt harbour), both going 
 and returning. This bteamer connects at Siika xvitli the Paeihc Coast 
 Steamship Compa.iy'd steamers, in ]8'.»;5, she left Sitka about the 
 Dth day of April, Mav,SephMnber an.l October, and liUh day ..t .June, 
 .July and August, returning from Unalaska about the 22nd day of 
 April, May, September ami October, an.l the 2r.th .lay of June, .Inly 
 and August. 
 
 The Alaska Commercial Company have a steamer running from 
 Unalaska to port Townsend and San Francisco during the season. 
 
 A Russian mail steamer calls twice a year at Petropanlovsk, to which 
 place there is also one winter mail overland via Siberia. A steamer 
 goes every year to Petropanlovsk, returning at end of season to San 
 Frtmcisco. During the sealing season a small steamer I'uns between 
 Petropanlovsk ami the Komandoiski i slands. ^^ 
 
 S^e chart.., Nos. 2,jr,.. and '2,U;v, North-wost Pacific occa.7Tl^-o. 7S7, Paciflo 
 ocean, cape Corrientes, Mexico to Kailiak islantt. 
 
OENEn.Mi UEMAUKH. 
 
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YAKUTAT HAY TO COOK'H INLET. 
 
 I >■.*: 
 
 \ki 
 
 
 M« 
 
 Vaiuation in JSttO. 
 Yiikiitiit bay -....- 
 Cook'H inlet — Anchor point 
 
 DecrouHing iiboiii .'» iinmiiilly, 
 
 28° 45' E. 
 25° 0' E. 
 
 Yakutat bay.— Bn-akfi-H vxtond a quarttr ol u mile off cape 
 PhippH and Ocean capo. II.M.H. Ili/itrint/i, when rounding Ocean 
 cape at the dintanco of about !$ inilcH, found the water shoal twice 
 from ;(') lo i;} fallionu. Tiie Indian fibhcrmen Kay tlien; ia nothing 
 under Id failioiUH, but caution is nectHHary. Tliei'e irt good nnchoraKC 
 to the eaHtward of Turner jjoim oil the village in 1)5 fa' inn wiui 
 cape J'hipiih v ).' W. and Turner point S. 85° W. 
 
 Manby point is the wcsi poim of Yakutat bay. It is u low, 
 rounded. Hat tojjiicd. wdodcj bliilf. wiiii a liack pound of snow and 
 ice. 'i'licncf to ley cape tiicrc arc indcntatioiiH in the coaat which 
 trends a liille north of West. The water is often diacoloured along 
 I hie coast, probably from glacial Htreams enij)tying into it. The 
 coast should be apjiroiichcd with caution. 
 
 B'.OUnt St. Slias. — The position of this m(Uintain ileterinined in 
 1.S'.'2 is latitude tlU 17 IJ.'t N.. lon^dlude 140 r)5' 2t)' \V., and the 
 height ],S,t»J4 feet. 
 
 loy cape. — The latitude of this cape ia reported to be about 
 l:i miles north of the jiosition on tlie chart ; tiiis places the capo in 
 latitude fid Id N., lonyiiudr 1 11 :,'7 W. 
 
 Point RiOU about S miles cast of ley cai)e ia prominent. 
 
 Cape Yaktage. — There is foul t,'round olf this cape. To the 
 westwiird, as far as ciii)e SucKlinf;, the coast is formed of small 
 projecting jioinls interapersed with white sandy beaches ; shoals 
 exiflnd from the jtointa. 
 
 Pamplona bank.— Tlie exiftence of this reef, originally reported 
 in ITT'.l as being in latitude ."»')' 2 N., lonsjitude 145 HS' W. but 
 Hubsequently in latitude .")!• 7 N., longitude ll^"-" 41' W,, is still 
 (hmbtful. Tlie neighbourhood of this danger ia part of the 
 regular scaling grouiul. The sealers whilst jilying tie ir business lie 
 to ami si'ml from 8 to 14 boats away in all ilirections, whence a most 
 careful look-out is kept for the dot on the surface which a seal 
 presents. Yet no one hits seen this ilanger. 
 
 o^ 
 
 St churt. No. l.l'.i'.t. ('r<ins ^(mnd to Kadiak island. 
 
8 
 
 VAKLTAT UAV TO COOKS INLET. 
 
 Cape Suokling is in lougitinU" 144^' W. approximately. It is 
 conspicuous, (he cape itself is low, hut back from it is a tolerably 
 high hill, separutoil t'roni thu mountains liy low land, so that from a 
 ilistance tho capo apjiears like an island. Immense piles of drift 
 wood have been scn-n liei-e and nunnrous floating trees. The current 
 sets to the northwanl, and the water for a distance of :> miles ofl' 
 shore is discoloured with whitish spots. 
 
 There is a navigable channel of not less than fathoms Ijetween 
 cape Suckling and Kayak island, to go through which requires clear 
 weather or a good pilot. About 4 miles to the southward and 
 westv.'srd of tho cape are two shoals usually marked by breakei's ;. 
 these ai'O. u;itlying dangers on tlie east side of the channel. 
 
 Kayak is 'and.— The south 
 
 jiart 
 
 tlir island 
 
 jpinj, 
 
 gently to the north part which is low. From the easlw.ird it appears 
 as two islands, the southern resembling a high talde rock of a whitish 
 colour and f-ee from trees or vegetation, the northern moderately 
 high, with tl.'i'co bare peaks well wooded at thi^ir bases. There are 
 two trading statio'i° zw the i,M;^:ltl. 
 
 Cai)G St. Elias is vcy renrarlfable, being a l)are rock much higher 
 than the land beliind it. From the cape a reef extends many miles 
 to the southward, on which is an elevated rock witii j)erpendicidar 
 sides and flat top. This rock is said to be 5(10 to (lOt) feet high, to lie 
 about (! miles from the cape, and to form an excellent mark. 
 Cape St. IClias is reported to be in latitude 5'.)^ ^u\' N., longitude 
 144°;55' W. 
 
 The reefs off capo St. Elias are very dangerous, anil great caution 
 should bo used in navigating in this viiinity until it has been 
 properly examined. 
 
 A ledg'e of rocks is reported to lie with eajie St. Elias bearing 
 y.K. il N. (N. 41' K) distant ISJ, miles ; this positi(m is doubtful. 
 
 A bank with J 9 feet of water on it I'xleiuls from the north-west 
 extreme of Kayak island to the south exireme of Wingham island. 
 The rise of the tide is t) feet. 
 
 Ofl' the N.E. point of Kayak island is a ledge of rock extending 
 altout 1^ miles to the north-eastward. 
 
 Wingham island, also called Mitchell island and Little Kayak 
 island, is north of the west coast of Kayak islaiul. It is moderately 
 
 S:' •olllll-l.. .\o. i.i'.ni. 
 
 ill 
 at] 
 It 
 
KAyAK ISLAM).— MlDDLliTON ISLAND. 
 
 ''■'y- it is 
 
 i> (olerably 
 
 fliiit from a 
 
 !<'H of drift 
 
 ''"' fMirrent 
 
 miles oil' 
 
 'x't-vveeii 
 'icM cJcar 
 ■■"■•I and 
 
 s/u],iuo 
 
 ' ■■'i'l't'ur.s 
 ' ^v'lifi.sh 
 
 iicrc are 
 
 iiigher 
 
 .V miles 
 ''iciiJar 
 ') to Jie 
 
 yi tilde 
 
 iiUiou 
 been 
 
 ai'ing 
 
 West 
 :ind. 
 
 iiig 
 
 ■a If 
 ■Iv 
 
 liigh, risiny in tliree humni()ek.s, liare on their tops but well wooded 
 at their basea. There in an anchorage betwei'n this and Kayak 
 islands, which is best approached from the westward. A villnge anil 
 ti'iiding station are on the south-east point. 
 
 Middleton island is about ;') miles long, with a t,'reatesi breadth 
 of l.| miles near the south end, it is low and flat, the highest part, 
 110 feet high, beinj,' about the middle, from whioh it i^iadually 
 declines towards ihe norlii end, wliieli is n long, low saiulspii, and 
 towards the south it preserves a fairly uiiiform heii,dit. li is eovered 
 with grass and low bushes, and is resorted to by wild geese, duek, 
 ami numerous sea birds. The Alaska Commercial ComiJany liavi' 
 |>laceil Ijlue foxes on tiu- island, and a re])i('seiitative of llie Cnmpanj' 
 lives in a hut on tlie west side of the island. in IS'.fi tliere 
 Were tww men and oiu' woman mi the isLiU'l. 
 
 Kelp extends the entire leiiyth of the island ai a disianee of half 
 ;i mile to 1.', miles from the >hiii'e. 
 
 Tidal streams. — ()b,M rviuimi^ df the tidal su-eams slmwed a 
 r.ite of :2 t(j ;') knot.s an hour, the Hood sii'eam settinj^- \i> the norih- 
 east and tlie eb)> in the opposite iiireetion, 
 
 Foul gTOUlld is saiil to e.\i-~i all iMimd .Middletuii island, reefs, 
 exteiulini,' '1 miles or more nmih anci east of it, and l)etween ',\ and 
 I miles olf its southern (.'ud. 
 
 Fountain rock has i)eeu reported in si^\eral positions from 
 '}}, I) ."» miles to the noriliward of the north jioint. 
 
 A rock lies wiih the south-ciist point of Middleton ishmd bearinj,' 
 N.X.W. i \V. (N. ■)r W.) .listant nearly 1 miles. 
 
 A sunken reef is re|)iprted to exlsi between eape iriiiehinbrook 
 and Midillelon island in aiiiiroximately laruiido M' .")!) N., 
 longitude 140 i)U' W. It is about half a mile lony: in tin easi and 
 west direction, and the sea sdinetimes breidcs heavily on a jiari of it. 
 
 Sea Otter reef, about 2 miles lon^ in an east and we.-t direeiion, 
 «iid awash at low water, breaks lieavily, aiul is estimateil to lie with 
 the north point of Mifldleton islaml, bearing S. by K. J E. (S, 'JP E.) 
 distant I'J mih h. 
 
 overfall. — At the dis.ance of t! to S miles to the eastwiird of Sea 
 Otter reef, an overfall or breaker has betm seen, indicating the existence 
 
 .\i churt, No. l,V.)',i. 
 
10 
 
 YAKUTAT BAY TO COOK'S INLET. 
 
 of ii shual. Approxiinati' pusiiioii, laiiiiiilf 5',^ 10' N., longitude 
 145" .")') W. 
 
 Controllers bay is v. ry slioal. mImhu -lO m\U'^ wide and is 
 entirely niiiKiviu'ablc. 
 
 Alaganik, i»m the western chanMel nl' the ("oppcr r'vor, is a small 
 flettl(MneMt. 
 
 There is said to ije a linat eliainiel iieiween caiie WliilsluMl and tliu 
 north-east point of Hinihiubrook ishmd. but as u heavy surf 
 continually rolls in, it is lieliexcd to lie inii)rae(ieable. 
 
 PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND.— This extensive inlet requires 
 most eareful navif,'atiou on account of the rocks and shoals therein. 
 It diveiifes into many ann,^, none of which are good harboui-s, beiug 
 either ion deep for cnnv<-nieiii aiuhoiMi;!' or else lilled with dangers. 
 The west. TM part of ihe soinul is said lo havi' plenty of water, hut is 
 full ol' rocks to a line joining Freenianile [loiiit with the norili jioim 
 of Nowell pe..'...suia. i'lie only entrance reeomniended for sailing 
 vessels is between Hineliinltrook and Moiit;?gne islands ; the channel 
 passing west of MontacMie and fireen islands is ^^ood fnr >tean)ers, as 
 it is smodili when blowing strong I'l'oni ilie norih-east. 
 
 ('a)ie Ilinchinbrnok, with the land in its vicinity isabout 21 niinuteo 
 of longitude to the easiwaid of its position on the cliart (liS'.)l); this 
 places the eape in longitude 1 Hi "Jii W. 
 
 HinohiubrOOk island is high and menmainous, covered with 
 suo\v lai'ly in .Iniii'. ("a|ie IlineliiiilirM<iI< i> a gently sloping riilge 
 descending to the sea, with a few lireaks in the ridge, and a small 
 l)iunacle close to the cajjc. There aiv three capes lorming the western 
 ei\d of tiie island south of port i'ltclit s, with corresponding small bights 
 betwc( 11 the capes. The middle cajie is a low jutting point, and the 
 noi'thern cape is higli ami rounded. Cape Uinchinbraok and the 
 coast as far as the south ])oiin of entrance to port Etches may be 
 ai)proa(du(l safely as near as a mile. The north side of the island is 
 char, exceptirg the north-west ].oint, where it is reported that a slioal 
 extends lo the northwanl tVom about one mile to the westward of 
 tlohnstonc point, and lills iiji the bight lietween that point and 
 Hawk in island. 
 
 Seal rocks consist of iwn liare, blackish rocks, connected by a 
 very short reef, covered at high water and surrounded by a number 
 of small rocks extending (df .ibont 1}, cables. The principal rockH 
 
 siv cliart. No, l.MtH. 
 
 ^1 
 
 ul 
 nl 
 t1 
 
['''e and i« 
 
 "■S, Ijt'iuy 
 
 •'aiiyors. 
 '•'■• I'lit is 
 nil i.,,i,j, 
 
 '■ siiliiig 
 'lainioj 
 
 "KTS, iiS 
 
 minutes 
 '); this 
 
 ' \vitii 
 
 ■ I'iiIn-(. 
 
 small 
 
 (1 fJu- 
 I tin- 
 ly hv 
 
 itl is 
 lioal 
 i of 
 and 
 
 y a 
 Jcr 
 
 PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND. 
 
 11 
 
 are 
 
 cover :i spiicf iduiiit ildU \\\vd> J(iii«- and 1^0 yards wide; they 
 ;ibou( ill iivi high. W'jifii sciii Ironi a distaiict' tliey iiiJ^ear like a 
 
 schooner umU 
 
 ail. From llic i 
 
 ucKs a ret 
 
 r e.\t(uda X.K. bv X. 
 
 abniii (iiic iiiilf, and hiiakcrs ha\c liccn sion at a di.stance of 
 li, milts totlie s(jUlh\vaiil aud lasiwan 
 
 md soiithward liie rocks 
 llliif>, bill on ihc west sii 
 
 >hoilld 1i 
 U' tl 
 
 'i'o tlic ca.slward, noithward 
 
 in a vvido burtii, at least 
 
 aiijiniai bed to halt a mile. 
 
 ',\ iiiih'>, iiiii on liic west siilc tliry may hr 
 Thei'i' ir^ no visibh' l<(iji growing near ihfiii. 
 
 POJ't Etches.— '1 he apiiKiaiho lu [.on KitJu s ai-e elearot' danger. 
 Vebselh may aiic Imr on either sli<ire aeioiding to the weather, but the 
 
 .int bearing W. ' N. (N. Si W.) 
 
 usual aiielio)'i:ije is witli I'h 
 
 1,1.; 
 
 and tiie huge islet in tlie bight X.X W. :' W. (,N. ;{r W.). The 
 tidal >ireams in the nmt r haib^iii are weak' and vissels Ufittally ride 
 'I'lic re is said to be oidy 1 feet of water on the roek 
 .. by X. :, X. '.\], cables from l'hiji])s point. Latiding 
 
 leiiil to wind, 
 leafing alioiii 
 
 may lie 
 
 mad( 
 
 Con 
 
 e ai aInii'St anv 
 
 111; 
 
 [<■' 
 
 the la 
 
 ndin: 
 
 ' 'or the village is in 
 
 taiiliiu hailionr. ni ilic liii;lit near the \ inas. 
 
 •]• 
 
 le spit e.Kleliilm^ 
 
 from the vill;.L,e to ibe r-hure tci ihe w est w aid is of ^b ingle, about ;').') feet 
 
 high, eo\< ted witii 
 
 'I'he I iui I' of ihe rt^ideUl Indians and the 
 
 Btorekeeptr stiite (hat in .-eveie gabs there is ii continuous breaker 
 
 between the i'orpoise 
 
 d li 
 
 le pnint siJiiihward of the village 
 
 and that there is good aiiehnrage iiciween tlie^e nu ks and the shore 
 to the north-eaatward. 
 
 .-PI 
 
 14(' 
 
 Position 
 (i° ;'»()■ W., 
 
 ConstanLiue harboui".— 'I'li-- ii:ainiei into 
 
 UppS p'.inl l^ 
 
 ippro.ximately. 
 
 titude iW 21' N., longitude 
 
 thi 
 
 liar! oiii' iia> 
 
 IS nf ."i and 1 failMiiiis tn a> I'ar :is lin' lii'st isluii<l. 'liie eiitranct 
 
 depil 
 
 shoiilii lie approached \ cry i atitiously 
 shuai, till' north side deeper, but rock 
 favour the south sidi-. 
 
 In iiitering the south side if 
 w lien ihrough the eritranei 
 
 'i'h 
 
 >pit iipji 
 
 Ihipps I niiil i-. Iiniii lit li. 20 leel high am 
 
 grass grown, 
 buildings, us(d 
 
 .Vl the village in ( 'on>t;iiiiiie hafbeur are three larg 
 storehotises. and a residence, by the Aia.-k 
 
 Comn.'er( iai Ciei i any. and tiiei'c are about ITi small houses occupied 
 
 by nil 
 
 s. The populatidii in IS'.M was li'J. 
 
 aie 1111 siiijilics 111 any l;iiiil, but wood and water 
 
 are 
 
 There 
 plentiful. 
 
 Hawkin island is divided by a lioat pussage, which leads inin 
 Cordova ) av from near the middle of the soutli bide of the island. 
 
 charts, No. l.l'.'H : No. K7H7. port Ktthrs. niid iilnii ef |)i)it Etchos on .No. l,4."il. 
 
13 
 
 VAKUTAT BAY TU CUOK's INLKT. 
 
 There are two islands off the eastern side of the north-east end of 
 Hawkin island, with shallow water between them, and one island 
 off the north-east end. There is a depth of 19 to 20 feet in the 
 channel between Hawkin island and the island oft" its north-east 
 t'nd and to the eastward of the other two islands. 
 
 Cordova bay is deep, with several rocks and islands in it. The 
 shores are low, with pebbly beaches and shoal water extending off 
 sniiio distance. Vessels bound to Cordova 1)ay usually steer for the 
 Ijlack blulf, Kuowles head ; when about t! miles from this head tliey 
 alter course to tlio eastward for the noi'lhern side of Cordova bay, 
 avoiding tlie coast of Ilawkiu island until well within the bay. 
 There arc two salmon cauueiies at Orea, which is in a little liay 
 about (J miles north-eastward of cajx' Whitshed ; vessels bound to 
 Orca usually pass between Ilawkiu island and tiie island off its 
 noi'lh-east cud and then feel tlu'ir way wilk the lead. 
 
 There are many rocks and islets nil' liie point lietwecii ''(Pi'd(i\a 
 bay and port Ciaviua. 
 
 Port Gravina. — The point formiu/;' ilie south-east entrance to 
 jjort Craviua is a gravel spit about half a mile long and ^0 feet high. 
 Thence the point is thickly womled, continuing along tlie slo]ie of 
 tlie liills. About '2 miles north-west dI' tii'' iK)int anil iiali'a mile 
 oif shore is a low wooded island and between this ishmd and the 
 point tliere is good anchorage with soft bottom. The point is free 
 rom rocks. 
 
 KnOWles head is the soutli-we.si end of the peninsula hnwcen 
 ports Gravina and Fidalgo. It is a high black blulf and makes an 
 excellent mark. It is in latitude (id' -12 N.. longitude ] Id .")4' W. 
 ajiproxiniately. 
 
 Snug' Corner cove is well sheltered from all winds, with a 
 de])th of i) to 7 fathoms over a muddy bottom, its shore is low and 
 partly wooded. 
 
 Port Fidalgo extends in a winding direction f(U' 28 miles with 
 an average breadth of 2 miles. Towai'ds its up]ier end are some 
 islands. Its shores are generally low wiih a pebbly beach, It is. 
 reported to bo full of shoals. 
 
 Bllg"hs island is 7 miles long, with some islets off its luirth end. 
 Hetween the island and the nuiinhind are many rocks and islets. 
 
 .s'</ chilli. No. I.r.i'.i, 
 
ist i;iul of 
 )ne islimd 
 Bet in the 
 north-east 
 
 n It. The 
 ufling oil' 
 cr for the 
 H'iid tlicy 
 lovii bay, 
 tlic liiiy. 
 liltU' hay 
 I hoilllil to 
 unl oil' its 
 
 'II • 'i)i'ilo\a 
 
 itlMllCC lo 
 
 3 feet hiyh. 
 ho sh)[ie of 
 half a mi hi 
 lul and the 
 loinl is free 
 
 la hciwfcn 
 [ nird\e.s an 
 |.](i W W. 
 
 kI.s, witli a 
 is low ami 
 
 niik'ri with 
 I are so'.no 
 ach, It is. 
 
 north oml. 
 if^letrt. 
 
 I'RINHi; WILLIAM SOIINU. 
 
 13 
 
 Port Valdes runs North \1 miles, tlieii about E.N.E. for 5 miles 
 It is indented with small bays and there are many rocks in the i)ort. 
 
 Freemantle point is the western i)oint of port Valdes. An 
 island, about 7 miles lonj,' and '^ miles wide, lies to the southward of 
 tliis point. Betweeii this island and the mainland is a passage about 
 '.\ miles wide ; on the mainland coast are three bays, the northern of 
 which is the largest, with a small islet in its nortii-east end. In the 
 remaining western \nirt of the souud are many liays generally iillud 
 with ice, and with numerous rocks ; the shf.res of these bays are but 
 ;i border of low land extciiding to the base of very high mountains. 
 
 The ]iriiicipal bays are jiort Wells, which has Esther island on its 
 eastern side, and I'assiige canal, which runs to the westward for 
 i;i miles and then to the south-west waril for 1 miles, reaching to 
 within 12 miles of Turnagain arm. 
 
 Kenai peninsula is all the mainland to the southw-ard of 
 Passage canal and Turnagain arm. On this peninsula the land rises 
 to t),()(K) and 8,()()0 feet. In the interior are two large lakes, Skillokh 
 and Tustumena. The eastern coast is indented by many bays, while 
 tlia western is generally straight. 
 
 The coast from Cochrane point, the snuth-i ast point of entrance 
 to Passage canal is very irregular and dotted with rocks to Nowell 
 lioint. 
 
 Nowell point, ajiproximately in latitude tlO"' 21)' N., longitude 
 ]4<S° 0' W. The waters of the sound deepen and there are many 
 large islands eastward of this point ; the principal islands are 
 Knights island, (iretn island and Montague island. 
 
 From Nowell point the 'oast trends about 11 miles to the f-oiith- 
 W( .,L , urd, to a point where an arm extends first to the noith-wist and 
 tiien to the south, terminating in a circular liasin full of locks. 
 About mid v.'ay along this coast are two arms each extending about 
 4 miles to the north-west. Facing this coast is an island, distant 
 2 miles, and lOJ, miles long, forming with the mainh^nd, a j assage 
 which is so full of rocks as to be navigable only for boats. 
 Immediately west of Countess i)oint is an opening to the southward 
 which terminates ',\ miles within its entrance in two small arms. 
 Further west is Icy bay, about -1^ miles long, terminating in a 
 compact body of ice descending from high perpendicular clifFs to 
 the sea. The coast south of Countei-s jioint forms tlie north-west 
 
 ."(■< chart, Ko. l,41ty. 
 
14 
 
 YAKUT AT BAY TO COOK'.S INLET. 
 
 side of a narrow chiuinel extmnlhij: II miles to the soutli-wjstwurd ; 
 this channel is ffoner.illy loss tiuui ii mile hroad and tlmre arc several 
 sunken rocks in it; the sides of ilie ehannel an- steep rocky 
 mountains. There are rocks and breakers oil: Waters point, the 
 north point of its southern end. aud ai)proximately in latituil" 
 (!0° 5' N., hmj^itude 148" 20' W. In this strait Vancouver's jiarty 
 encountered a violent storm in .hiue, 17i>l, when a heavy f,'iist of 
 wind brought down fioin a heiirhi on the mountain side an immense 
 mass of earth, trees, and frozen snow. Tiie effects of similar storms 
 were observed in oth(>r i)laees : people mi these shores should use 
 caution. 
 
 Port Bainbridge is an inlet froui the Dcean, exteiuling 18 miles 
 to the north-north-west ; there is a small track of low land with 
 some rocks off it at its head. Hoiug dii'ccily open to the ocean, such 
 a violent .sea sets in when the wind blows up channel that lauding 
 is dangerous. Pyke point is ll miles from Waters point and is 
 remarkable for its sugar loaf form, between these points are two 
 bays surrounded by lofty, abrupt, snowy mountains. Five miles to 
 the south-eaBlward of Pykt> point is Klrington point, the south- 
 western part of a high, rugged cluster of islands. It is a high» 
 steep, barren promontory of small extent, connected to the island by 
 ii narrow isthmus. To the northward of KIringtoii point are some 
 bays, and a large opening leading to the north-iMst, with many rocks 
 just above water along its shores. 
 
 The island of which Elrington point forms a part is higii and 
 rugged. Latouche islantl lies oil' its eastern side separ.ited by 
 a channel, Ih miles wide. Knights island is to the northward of 
 these aud is upwards of 27 miles long. Beyond this are other 
 smaller islands. The isl.inds near the sea are high and rocky, those 
 further in are low. 
 
 Gveen island, between Knights and ]\Iontaguo islands, is 
 covered with wood and verdure. Three to 4}, miles about 
 N.N.W. .'i W. from the north point of Green island are some ledges 
 of rock, above and below water ; this locality is dangerous. 
 
 The strait between Green and Montague islands is fidl of sunken 
 rocks, very steep to, and affording no indication, by the lead, of 
 their existence. 
 
 MONTAGUE ISLAND is reimrted to be about 21 minuteH of 
 Iftngitudo to the eastward of its ])osition on the chart (KS'.),')), and it 
 
 Arohftit, .\i>. l.l'.li). 
 
 IB 
 
MONTACiUK 181.AXD. 
 
 IJ 
 
 -westward ; 
 
 ! art' several 
 itt'cp rocky < 
 pi)int, the j 
 
 in latitiiil" J 
 mver's i>artv ? 
 lavy f,'nrtt of 
 an iniinensf j 
 inilarsto7'ni,s J 
 slutiild nst^ 
 
 ling 18 milesi 
 w land with 
 ocean, sach 
 that landin.tr 
 point and is 
 )int3 are two 
 Five miles to 
 t, the south- 
 It is a hif,'h, 
 the island by 
 )oint are some 
 h many rocks 
 
 t is liii,'h and 
 soi)ar.ited by 
 northward of 
 lis are other 
 I roc'ky, tliosc 
 
 e islands, \h 
 miles about 
 I some ledges 
 gerous. 
 
 ull of sunken 
 ' the lead, of 
 
 21 minutes of 
 (KS!)-)), and it 
 
 is also said to be shown to the north and oast of its place relatively 
 to cape Ilinchiiibrook. The island is very high and mountainous. 
 The north coast consists of three points, which enclose deej) bays, 
 the western is the deepest and affords good ancliorage. A larg& 
 islet lii's off tile uortli-east p(»int and a shoal, witli a number of 
 islets on it, extends off the north-west point for a distance of 
 2 miles. The east coast is formed by high bluffs ascending quickly to 
 the snow covered mountains, e.KcejJting abreast the Wooded islandsj 
 where there is a deep bight and low bluffs ca))i)ed by a |)lat«'au 
 ascending gently to the mountains. The mountain ridge descends 
 gi'adually to cajjc Clcare, off wliich are several rocks or ish'ts and 
 a reef extending to the soutiiward for about 1] miles. The west 
 coast is ruggt'd and liold. cxct-jit near ("lialmers harbour, where it 
 is genci'.djy low. and north of wiiieh are many dangerous rocks. 
 
 Wooded islands alioiu 17 miles to the north-eastward of capt; 
 f'iearc, form a <7r(Mip of wooded, perpendicular sided, flat to))ped 
 islands, varying from "iO to SdO yards in length and from GO to 
 IIU) feet in height, and occupying a space of about 7 miles along the 
 coast. There are five large islands ; the northern island is about 
 ■Jmilesoff shore, and the southern about one mile. The bight inside 
 them ajipeai's to be full of reefs and rocks. These islands should be 
 given a bertli of at least '2 miles, as breakers have been seen 
 extending !{ miles to the north-east of the northern island. 
 
 Coral rock is near eajK- Cleare, but close to the beach with good 
 water all round it. 
 
 West of Montagne Island the channel is clear for about 
 2(1 miles, when there are rocks in mid-channel ; vessels should then 
 favour the western side of the channel and should not use the strait 
 bi'tween Montague and Green islands, although the steamers between 
 Kadiak and port Etches fre(iuently use it. 
 
 Macleod bay is about 10 miles from the south-west end of 
 Montague island. Its outer jxiints, Bryant on the south and Wood- 
 cock on the north, are 2 miles apart and ioincd by a bank having 
 (') to 8 fathoms on it, inside which are J2 to 21 fathoms. In the 
 northern part of the bay theii '■= good anchorage ; here the bay takes 
 a turn to the north around a point which is bold and can be passed 
 close to. With the south point of the bay just shut in by this point; 
 a vessel can lie in ih to 5 fathoms at a cable from the shore. 
 
 Hannlng Vay. in abom latitude 5',)'' 58' N., longitude 147" 48 W., 
 is not rrcommeiuied as an anchoraae. 
 
 Si oliart. No. l,4y'J. 
 
u; 
 
 YAKUT AT BAY TO COOK's INT.ET. 
 
 Clialmers harbour is (limgenus to those unacquainted with it. 
 'I'hcre arc many rockf* jii.-^t below water ofT the entnmco, and there 
 is a small woody islet in the entrance. A rock, known as the Sontli 
 Passage rock, liesahont S.W. by \V. j} W. (S. (;5° W.) nearly one mile 
 from file north ])olnt, and N.W. j N. (N. 42° W.) three-quarters of 
 u mile from the islet. North of this is the North J'assage rock 
 N.N.W. ^ W. (N. 25° W.) 2|j miles from the north point. Tlies-' 
 rocks are covered at high water and are not marked by kelp. 
 .Vpproaehing from the soutiiward there are two shoals in mid-(!liannel. 
 the southern having from (! to !!• fathoms, witi) n ''jlp ; the othei-, 
 three-quarters of a mile to the north-east, is a ) i of 3 fathoms, 
 with .') to 7 lathomH close to, this patch has kelj) (..i .t. 
 
 Tides. — it is high water, full and change, at Ih. <)m., springs risi- 
 13 to lU feet, the night tides being a foot more than the day tiden. 
 There is no ctirrent in the harbour, but outside it sets to the southward. 
 
 Cape Puget is on the mainland. The 'oasi in ilic northward is 
 fiomewliat indented with small bays and coves. 
 
 BlyingS sound is the name given to the watei's between cajX' 
 Puget and (he C'hiswell islands, liunning inland froiti this souu'l 
 are Days harbour, Resurrection bay and Ayalik bay ; these have not 
 been examined. In the mouth of Resurrection bay are two small 
 islands. 
 
 CMswell islands, a group of barren, rugged rocks. The east- 
 ern rock is ii single detached rock, the northern has several small 
 rocks and islets about it. Between these islands and the maiidand 
 is a passage not less than a mile wide, with a least <lepth in mid- 
 channel of 35 fathoms. 
 
 Seal rocks lie about 7 miles to the southward of the Ohiswell 
 islands ; there are several islets and rocks. The southern rock is 
 in about latitude 5T 33' N., longitude 110^ 3-i' \V. 
 
 The coast between the Chiswell and Pye islands jjrescnts a 
 comi)arativ(dy unbroken appearance. 
 
 Pye islands. — The southern of these islands has a very con- 
 spicuous peak ; it is not very high but slo))es regularly from the top 
 to the sea. A group of rocks lies 3 to 4 miles S.S.W. (S. 22° W.) 
 from it, forming a very dangerous reef. The northern is the largest 
 of these islands. There is a passage between the inner island and 
 
 , &r chart, No. 1,4 !I9. 
 
 the main' 
 KM) yard 
 water. I 
 
 some roc 
 I on the St 
 1 of a mill 
 pass bet^ 
 a cluster 
 there is 
 Cape El 
 l.>r52' 
 
 I 
 
ULYINOS hound.— (Til (iAI/, ISLANDS. 
 
 17 
 
 eel with it. 
 
 and there 
 
 the South 
 
 ly one mih- 
 
 (|tiartorH of 
 
 is.sa^o rock 
 
 int. Tliesf 
 
 I by kelp. 
 
 id-olianncl. 
 
 the othei'. 
 
 15 fathoiDH. 
 
 e (hiy tido.'^. 
 southward. 
 
 )i'lii\vard it< 
 
 tween eaj)!' 
 
 thi.s sound 
 
 'ae have not 
 
 1 two small 
 
 The east- 
 iveral small 
 e mainland 
 )th in mid- 
 
 le Chiriwell 
 ern rock is 
 
 ])rcsonts a 
 
 I very con- 
 am tlie top 
 (S. 22° W.) 
 the largest 
 island and 
 
 the maiidand, very narrow near tlu' middle for a distance of about 
 loO yards, where there is a least depth of f) fathoms at very low 
 water. Kelp shows i)lainly on its eastern side. 
 
 Nuka bay e.xtends to the northward in two arms. In this 
 bay an immense glacier extends apjjarently to the water'.s edge. 
 The coast here is very mountainous, (h^scending abrujjtly to the 
 .•<ea, except in the vaUevs. Detaeheil groui)s of rock lie off the 
 <'o ist rendering a near approach (Kangerous. 
 
 Gore point is an abnij)!, moderately high elilf, connected with 
 the mainland by a low peninsula covered with trees. To the west- 
 ward of port Dick the coast is fronted with rocks until near the 
 Chugatz islands. 
 
 ChugatZ islands. — Thisgroui)Coiniirisesthrei' small islands and 
 .some rocks. The ishuuls are high, bold and rounded ; their coasts 
 on the seaward sides are seemingly free from dangers at the distance 
 of a mile, no tide rips or breakers being seen^ It is imidvisable to 
 pass between them ; there are some low rocks ajipareiitly joined to 
 a cluster of higher rocks to the south-east of the western island, and 
 there is a cluster of rocks to the south-west of the middle i.sland. 
 Cape Elizabeth, approximately in latitude ,'>',•' N., longitude 
 1.">1'^ ^>'2' W., is of a reddish brown colour as seen through the fnij. 
 
 COOK'S INLKT. 
 
 General description. — The mouth of this iidet lies between 
 cape Elizabeth and cape Douglas : the distance between these capes 
 is about 4(1 miles, and from the mouth to the head of the inlet about 
 1.").") miles. 
 
 The inlet may be enteri'd on either side of the Haireii islands, but 
 the i)assage between the Harren and Chugatz islands is preferable 
 because tlu' land on both sides in that ])ass:.ge is bolder than that to 
 the southward of the Barren islands. The t<i])s of the Chugatz 
 islands are geiu'rally covi-red with snow, the lower parts are wooded. 
 
 Easterly aiul north-easterly winds are very violent aiul generally 
 bring thick weather. During such weather the ]iassag(> north of the 
 Harren islands is especially recommended, as the ship arrives iu 
 sm(»oth water after entering the inlet 
 
 The east shore is generally low and flat with many lakes and rivers, 
 the low land extending to the mountain ranges, which are about on 
 a line between the heads of Chttgachick bay and Turnagain arm. 
 
 SO 11 ;e:t 
 
 Air chart, No. l,4'.ty. 
 
 i 
 
1» 
 
 cook's ini.kt. 
 
 Tlicrc aro a lew iinhiiiatidiis aloiii,' tliisi-oa.st, Inil oili' ^\\i^i^! ihortliori' 
 lino is unbrokun. 
 
 Tlu' west sliori' ill tlu^ vicinity of eiipc Doufilas (iati(iiil<' .'iH'^ ")!' N., 
 loiifritiKlo U)'.')' 1.")' W. is lowaiid Hat. Imt to iIk- iioriliwiifd, mountaiii 
 iiiiijy:i'S bordfi' tliriiiii't as I'ai'as tlir ii<irilirii(t of llciloul)! I>ay, tliciicc 
 to tlio North Foreluiul it is lo\vaii<l lliit,uj,'aiu bi-coiuiug liiylu-i' to llic 
 northward. 
 
 By kcopinj,' near tiic cast sliofo to East Foreland and tlion near tin- 
 wi'st and north sliorcs from West l''ori'laiid I'oiil yi'oimd wii! \h'. 
 uvoideil. 
 
 Tidal streams. — Tlie flood stream sets to the northward in tnul 
 around the !?arriMi islands with some I'oree. i part jLjoini,' over to capt; 
 Doiif,'las and into Slielikoir strait, a i)arl into Kaehelvinak l)ay, hnt 
 the main stream rims up tin' inlet paralhd to the east shore until 
 defiecteil liy ]'",ast Forelaiul into Tr.idim,' hay, thence around and near 
 the north shore into Knik ri\er and Ttirnajjain arm, The ebb stream 
 sets between the Forelands and is stronger near the west shore ; en 
 this shore most of tlie IxJiilders and debris brought down by thi' ice 
 is deposited. A constant southerly set is reported oil: c:i\)i- Douglas 
 The rate of the ilooil stream oil' Munina during its strengtli was 
 2\ knots an hour ; oil' Kenai the hood stream ran N. by \V. h W. 
 (ii. \r W.) -i.i knots, and the ebb S. by E. (S. 11° E.) 2}, knots ; oil' 
 Chinitua the llool ran N. by K. fN. 11° E.) \\ knots, and the ebb 
 South 1 [, knots. 
 
 Barren islands eonsisi of two principal islands and several small 
 ones ; these isbinds are not wooded and their tops are seldom covered 
 with snow. A shoal has been reported to lie K, ;' S. (S. Hi]' E.) from 
 Amatuli island. To the westward of this island art^ heavy tide rijjs 
 and whirls, streaks of while foam form on the water. South-west 
 of the island the surface drift of the tidal stream was found to be 
 W.N.W. (X. ('.7'' W.) n, knots an hour at half llooil ; the strength 
 below the surface was much iiivater. 
 
 Port Chatham stretches;")], miles to the north-east and terminates 
 in an excellent anchorage extending :j miles east and west and one 
 mile north and south. The passige to the north-west of cn]m 
 Elizabeth is free from hidden dangers. Some shoals extend a little 
 way oil' the points on the north side of the port. An islet with rocks 
 around it lies south-west of the south-east entrance point of the 
 anchorage. Soundings are tolerably regular from 5 to 2") fathoms. The 
 shores ar(^ generally low and wooded ; excellent wiiter can be obtained. 
 
 /Sir ohart, Xo. lA'J'J. 
 
r)S°r,4'N., 
 
 I, mountain 
 
 Imy, flicncc 
 
 liylu'i' U) llif 
 
 ion noar tlic 
 luid will 111! 
 
 iii'il in iuul 
 
 VlT tl) filpO 
 
 lak hay, lint 
 
 shore until 
 
 I nil and near 
 
 (' ciibHtream 
 
 it shore ; en 
 
 n l>y tho ice 
 
 iipr Doni,'las 
 
 Htrenf,'lli was 
 
 by W. i, W. 
 
 2[j knots ; oil' 
 
 and the olih 
 
 several small 
 
 idoin covorod 
 
 .SO' K.) from 
 
 avy tide rijis 
 
 Sontli-wi'st 
 
 found to lit' 
 
 the strength 
 
 ad terminates 
 vest and one 
 •est of ca])e 
 ctentl a little 
 let with rocks 
 point of the 
 athonis. 'I'iie 
 1 he obtained. 
 
 UAUItKN ISI,\M),S.— KACJIKKMAK liAV. 
 
 r.» 
 
 Tides.— It is high wali-r, full and ehange, at alioui Ih, iMn. : the 
 rise of tidi' ID to 1 1 fei^t : ihe tides are intiiienecil liy th<' uind. 
 
 Cape Betle is a lulrly liigh, juiiiu'.,' oiil poiiii. I'rom liere the 
 coast trends N.K. by !•;. ' X. .'i(! K. ), The coast i-; wcjody. 
 
 Flat island, usually lalhMl .Miigiift island, is jn-i mull of eape 
 liede, it is low and Hat. Tide rips have been sirn 1 | mili- olf the 
 island, with '.',{) fatluun-;. meky boiiom close to. 
 
 Port Graham is 7 milfs iKU'th-east of vu\>'- lii'dc Ii extends 
 eastward am! then souih-eastward. On the east side isagnod beach. 
 It is a good landlocked harliour, l)ut the entrance i> narrow . tortuous 
 and, (o astr.inger, damrrrous. Passage islam 1 lies marly in ilir centre 
 of the I'niraiu'e, the chamud being to the northward. 'I'liere are two 
 small anchora es outside, one, Coal harl)oiu', Iji'ing undei' l)angerouH 
 cape ; l)ctwien these anchorages is foul ground, and foul ground also 
 extends from Passage island in a south-west direction neaidy to the 
 mainland. Dangerous cape is in latitude .')'J' '2i X.. longitude 
 
 151 ra \v. 
 
 Chesloknu (SaldOViai bay is a good anchorage in easterly 
 winds ; on its north shore is the village of Saldo\ ia. Tlu' entrance- 
 is narrow and intricate and the anchorage, f(U' ncsscIs of 12 feet 
 draught, limited. Tlu-re is an inner harbour wlieic small vessels find 
 perfi'ct protection, and a shing'.e beacli affords an excellent jilace for 
 deiining (u- repair. 
 
 Kachekmak bay is composed of two bays se[)arati'd l)y Coal 
 point, to the north-east of -which is Chugachik bay. The .Vrcdiiman- 
 dritof rocks do not exist as shown on the charts. 
 
 Coal bay, on the north-east side of Coal point, ii point projecting' 
 .") or () miles from the maiidandand forming tin excellent breakwater. 
 Anchorage inside and near Coal point is not safe in less than S fathoms. 
 Coal is fountl on the beach. There is a house with outliuildings on 
 the end of the point. Flats extend out nearly a mile at the head of 
 the bay. The range of the tide is from 1? to I'd feet. The tidal 
 streams I'un in aiul out of the bay iuul attain a rat ■ of ',\ knots an 
 hour at springs. 
 
 Coal.— Ill the blulf between Coal point and lUulf point there are 
 croppings of coal, from which a steamer, using two boats, recently 
 obtaintnl 30 tons in a few hours. 
 
 .<!■ eliiirt. Xi). 1.1'.''.' ;in(l plan, imrt (Irahain on N'l. I,4.'il. 
 
 SO llsiili 
 
 B3 
 
20 
 
 cook's IN'I.KT. 
 
 Bluff point it^ a lii^li, roiimliMl, iilnioHt perpi'iKliciiliir lihill' 
 From tliiH i)i)int the caHtcrn Hlioro of Cook's inlet \h a fliit, iinhrokeii 
 line of hliiil's, from 110 io h'A) feet lii>,'h, without any notiooabit' 
 niiirks In (• i|pt' KiissiloF. I'Voin Anchor point to Kant Foreland I lie eiciHt 
 takes a general northerly ilirection. Betw(>en UlufT and Anchor 
 points kelj) extends 1 miles oil' shore, and between Anchor point and 
 cape Kussilof there are many roeks, uncovered at low water, from one 
 to 2 mile.-i oil' shore. There are villaj,'es at Munina (called Ninitchick 
 hy the natives"), cape Kussilof anil Kaknu river, the only cannini' 
 estahlishment in the inlet beiny at this latter place, which is also a 
 station of the Alaska Commercial Conijiany. Tiiese villa^'es are 
 ])artly on the bhiM' and partly on the banks of the rivers; they are 
 dillicult to lind excei)t in cleiir weather, the break in the heij,'lii of 
 the bluir heinf? the only mai'k to indicate their i)osition. 
 
 Munina. — Hei'fs extend :1 miles olf shore northward iind south- 
 ward of Mimina ; the southern reef is ixitween the rivers. There is 
 f^ood anchora,i?e between the reefs. 
 
 Cape Kussilof. — The lilutf becomes nuich lower here and so 
 continnes to the Kaknu river, where it rises, and the coast between 
 this river and the East Foreland is from ] 10 to ICiO feet hifj;h. At 
 Kussilof river the rise (d' the tide is from IS to 2A feet. A little to 
 the southward of cape Kussilof, a shoal extends in a rounded cnr»'e 
 to the westward of Knssilof river, where the edfje of the bank is 
 ahout I mill's off shore, it then slowly curves into the shore to the 
 noithwai'd at I or ^) miles south of the Ivast Foreland. 
 
 Kussilof river. — The channel is buoyed by 7 lioatinj,' poles with 
 flags, the outer buoy beinj,' a barrel, which are kept on the starboard 
 hand entering. 
 
 East Foreland, in latitude t'.IP V.V X., longitude ]:>]" •2{V \\\ 
 The nari'owest jiai't of the itilet is between the Fast and West. 
 Forelands. A larf^^e slioai lies with its southern end 7 mileH 
 W. by X. (X. 7'.)° \V.) from the East Foreland and its northern 
 end ."» miles S.E. (S. l,")" K.) from the Xortli Foreland. Xorth of the 
 East Foreland and between it and the large shoal are so many banks 
 and shoals that this i)art of the inlet is not navigable with safety. 
 Ea.stward of the East Foreland to iibout 7 miles westward of Posscs.sion 
 point, a bank extends from '.] to ;') miles off shore, which is studded 
 with conical rocks and banks of sand ; the rocks are of various heights, 
 8ome showing above water, rising from a depth of 4 to 9 fathoms and 
 are bold close to ; it is supposed that this bank joins the shoal 
 southward of the North Foreland. 
 
 -Si'tf chart, No. 1,49!). 
 
 Tun 
 
 I'oth sh 
 
 :> miles 
 uhieh li 
 .■<outh-w 
 wooded 
 ri.se, in 
 lull and 
 .',') feet, 
 (ffeal ca 
 
 Knlk 
 
 at low V 
 
 Mous 
 
 .SQUth-W 
 
 \\ mile 
 island ai 
 .Miieken; 
 
 Nort; 
 
 Tolcrabl 
 iliis Foil 
 winds \<J 
 is a sain 
 
 Trad 
 
 alioiil 111 
 to the \| 
 
 I WesI 
 
 I of the if 
 
 it and tl 
 
 Hedj 
 
 uioden 
 a large] 
 ;> milet 
 
 KalJ 
 
 ti'ees ; 
 
HHJFi'' roiM'.— tuuna(;ai\ ahm. 
 
 2! 
 
 nliir l)liitr 
 
 , iinhrokfii 
 
 udticeablt' 
 
 ml Ihc cdiist 
 
 iiid AiU'lioi' 
 
 If point iiml 
 
 !•, I'roin oni' 
 
 I Ninitc-hick 
 
 nly ciuinini' 
 
 icli is also a 
 
 villatrfs arr 
 
 •s ; tlicv arc 
 
 he lH'i<,'lit of 
 
 1 iind Honth- 
 rs. 'riuTc is 
 
 lu-rt' and so 
 oast Iwtwcon 
 eet lii«li. At 
 . A little to i 
 imii'li'd rnr>'r 
 f till* bank is 
 I' shoi'c to th««. 
 
 uii i)ol('s with 
 tilt' starboard 
 
 . ]:>V' ■2iV \N'. 
 
 tvst and West, 
 
 end 7 niik'rt 
 its northorn 
 North of the 
 
 ;o many bankrt 
 
 Avith safety. 
 
 1 of Possession 
 ich is studded 
 ai'ioiis heif,ditH, f 
 fathoms and | 
 )ins the shoal 
 
 Tumagraln arm extends nearly 10 miles t<. the eastward. From 
 lioth sliorea llala extend, ',\ to .') miles from ilie northern and 1), to 
 .'> mileH from th« Houthern nhore. There is a shoal iu mid-channel 
 wliieh dries in many i)hieert ; it is \l miles in leii),'lh, north-east and 
 ■<oiith-west and 1 J, niihs in width. The sIkh-cs are low and well 
 wooded, rising Ki'ailually to the inner enir.mee where they suddenly 
 rise, in perpenc'ieular elid's, to hiKh mountains. It is hi^'h water, 
 lull and change, ut about (ili. Dtn. ; tiie ran^'e of liic tide is from ll'i to 
 .'>'i feet. The tidal stream altaiiis a rale of ,'» lo (i knots at siiriiit,'s. 
 (Jreal caution is ueeenaary in picking up an anchorage. 
 
 Knik river is a series of dry sand l)anksfora distance of is niihs 
 at low water ; it is a large sheet of water at high tiiic. 
 
 Moushukli (Turnagrain > island is :\l miles long north-east and 
 souih-west and I.', miles wide. I'Vom its west ]ioiiit a shoal i .Kti'iids 
 1', miles to the luirth-west narrowing ilic (■liaiiin I liitw I'l-.'i the 
 island and ' main to alioui one mile. .\ >liual liaiik extendr from 
 MacK'eiizic |i(pint, alioei .'i mile.-^ o|]' sliore, to ijic Xorlli Fofilaiid. 
 
 North Foreland, in laiiimle ill 1 X., longitude i.")l s w. 
 
 'I'oleralile anchorage I'aii he found for ti miles to the norih-east of 
 iliis Forelaiul ; it is, howcvei'. exposed to the territic soutlierly 
 winds wh'ch are fre(iuent Iu fe. A lew miles north of tlTis Foreland 
 is a salmon salting establishment. 
 
 Trading' bay. — There is a village oil this liay, named Tyoiiiek, 
 alioiit 1) miles westward of the North Foreland. J'rom this village 
 to the West Foreland, shallow water extiuds oil' shore for a distance 
 of '11 miles. 
 
 West Foreland. — This blutf is the west siile of the narrow jmrt 
 of the inlet. A rock, visible at half title, lies a quarter of a mile oft' 
 it and there are deptha of 7 to 1,2 fathoms it one mile fiMJin the point. 
 
 Redoubt bay extends from West Foreland to Harriet point, a 
 moderately high cliff. The shores of this bay are low beaches, with 
 a largo glacier at about the middle of it. A shoal extends al.oiit 
 '.'< mileB to the eastward of Harriet point. 
 
 Kalgin island, 13 milea long but narrow, is covered witli ])ino 
 trees: it is very low, the southern parts (;o low as to be ilitlicult 
 
 ■•3<v chart, Xo. l.l'.i!'. 
 
22 
 
 cook's inlet. 
 
 to niaki' out. ilic nortlieni piii't is coniixistMl of low IjIuIV.s with 
 uumorouri oir-lyiiif,', bare iwli't.s. Tliere is a Hat liillock a short 
 dlHtance frmn the sotitli I'lul wiih l<t\v laml hi'tween it ami tlio 
 nortlHM'ii l)lu(rs. 
 
 From the ishiinl, shoals cxtciul 7 miles tu (ho iioi'tliward, then with 
 II swt'f]) to tlio eastwanl tren I to the soiitliwaiil, luakinj,' t'oiil f^i'onnd 
 along the east coast of the inland for a width of ',) miles. Slioals 
 continue to the southward for a distance of ;>;') miles from the island, 
 with varyiiiuf dr[itliH of !• to less tlian 2 fatlioins ; the islands with 
 the shoals dividini;- this part of the inlet into two channels. Tlie 
 portion of the inlet westward of the island and shoals is ftdl of .sand 
 and boulder banks. A bank, which dries in places at low water, lies 
 II) miles southward of the south point of the island. 
 
 There may be a navii,Mblc cliannel ,■ lon^' the western shore, lint not 
 a safe one, 
 
 Iliamna volcano is a liii,di,shai]>, conical i)i'ak. It is in latitudf 
 fiir ") X.. lonsitiid.. ]-)-S'(Y W. 
 
 Redoubt volcano, westward of Harriet ]ioint, lias a somewhat 
 flattened toji, which, from the eastward, appears notched, the northern 
 part a sharp spike, the southern, slightly rounded. 
 
 Snug harbour is a gootl anchorage ; the entrance is south ot 
 Chisick islaml and thence through a narrow strait to the harl)our. 
 The northern jiart cif the harbour is an I'X' nsi\e Hat and a reef 
 extendini,' north from the island closes it on that side. 
 
 Chinitua bay, S.K. I H. (S. ;;;) ' K.) 11 miles from iliamna 
 volcano, is small, protected by a reef and islets extending from the 
 southern point. The bay, marked on the charts between tliis and 
 Chisick island, does not exist. There are a few huts at (.'hinitua. 
 The coast to the southward to Kamishak bay should be given a berth 
 of a*^ least 12 miles. 
 
 Kamishak bay is sliallow, tlie western side from Tignagvik 
 point to and including some islets south-west of Shaw island is a flat 
 or shoal of Ijoiilders. The best apjiroach to the bay is north of 
 Augustine island, if from the northward, but from tli" southward 
 pass south of Shaw island in tlie nddille of the channel, hiiuling to 
 the northward when clear of the island and giving the north en<l a 
 
 Sr chart; No. 1,4!)"J. 
 
fill's with 
 a short 
 
 1111(1 tliu 
 
 |lll('ll witli 
 III .irroiiuil 
 L Siioals 
 [he ishmd, 
 funis witii 
 ids. The 
 111 of sand 
 water, lies 
 
 re, lint Hut 
 ill latitude 
 
 MOiiiowhat 
 o northern 
 
 s soutli of 
 le harbour, 
 and a reel' 
 
 11 lliainua 
 ' from the 
 ) this and 
 I (Jhlnitua. 
 on a hertli 
 
 Ti^niagvik 
 nd is a flat 
 i north (»t 
 soutjnvard 
 iiaulin^'- (o 
 jrth end a 
 
 RKDOU HT V( ) I.C Jk X( ).— J) I IlECT IONS. 
 
 23 
 
 isertli of over 2 miles. 'I'hei'e are no iiarboiii>< ln'tween Cliinitua 
 and cupe Dou^;las exeeut for very small vessels. 
 
 Aug'UStine island is romarkaMe, rising' uniformly from the sea 
 lo its summii. It is a volcano and smoke is freijuently seen issuing 
 from the crater. About r)(l()feet below the summit, which is slightly 
 tiattoiied. is a terrace which i'mm ijie eastward ajuiears as a shoulder : 
 what aiJpcareil to be smoke was >eeii rising' from liils. 
 
 A reef extends 1 [ miles otf the west jioiiit of the island consisting 
 of islets and rocks above water. There are many rocks along the 
 shores, from a (|uarter to half a mile otF, while from the north shore 
 they extend much Liirtlier. Ther«' is a rocky [latch with a rock 
 awash at half tide 7 miles S.K. (S. 4.") K.) of the jieak. The island, 
 marked on the chart, to the iiorth-west of the peak, is said not to 
 exist. It is inadvisable to attempt tlie jiassage between Augustine 
 and Shaw ishinds mi acimiiu nf sunk-en (lamreis. 
 
 Shaw island is very low, Hat and wu.MJed, but it is difficult to 
 distinguish it from the mainland, lieefs exliiid 2 miles off its north 
 and nortli-west sides. 
 
 Cape Doug'las is a low, Hat point, the end of a low, flat, ice 
 covered plateau. About '.\ miles back the land rises abrujjtly to very 
 high snow covered peaks. It is in latitude oS"" fi^' N., longitude 
 ir)3°l.VW. 
 
 Directions. — A .omse up the inhn ill from '2 to ."> mihs oil' the 
 eastern shore gives deptiis of from iiti to L'c fathoms, shoaling to 
 12 fathoms oH: the north end of Kalgin island. The flat off Kussiiof 
 river sluuiM lie given a good lierth. If bound to the ujiper part of 
 the inlet cross from uinler Ivist Foivlaiid to West Foreland, eitlier 
 of M'hich may be approached to a distance of about U miles. 
 Round West Foreland and steer for North ForelantI, keeping on 
 that siile of the channel from which the tidal stream sets. FVom 
 North Foreland a X.K. } K. iS. lf>^' Fl i course leads lo the islands olf 
 Mackenzie point. The lead should be kept going in the inlet, 
 (Specially lo iln' iioiihwaid of K'aLiii island, as banks are always 
 forming. 
 
 If bound to Chiiiilua, or Snui; harbour. I<i ep ^ulltll of the parallel 
 of Anchor point, hauling up to tlu' we^iern shori' wlun lliamna 
 volcano bears N.W. by N. (N. 'M W.i kerj)ing to the westward of the 
 banks and using the lead constantly. 
 
 .Scchnrt, Xo. l.lii'.i. 
 
24 ako(;n.\k. kahiak and skmidi islands. 
 
 TIk' water iu tlic iippor part of the inlet is of a whitish eoloiir ; 
 there are ii:aiiy yeUowinh patelies or streakri during the fioocl stream ; 
 tlie.so are not always an iiulieation of Hhoal water, I)iit if ilicy are 
 ifark in colour caution should lie utied iu entering,' them. 
 
 AFOGXAK, KADIAK. THLMTV AND 8KM11)1 ISLANDS. 
 
 St. I'aiil 
 
 AiilATloN IN is; I.'). 
 
 ■ild K. 
 
 J ie',-i\asii\!. 
 
 inuualiv , 
 
 PortlOCk bank extend.- north-east ward from Kadiak island foi- 
 a distance ol' about 120 miles and is irregular in shape ; its area 
 inside the 100 fathoms line is about t'(,SOO square miles. Isolated 
 soundings of (IS to 81 fidhoms occur near Kadiak island, btit there 
 are U'l nulications of an extensive tk'pression between the bank and 
 tlie land. This bank is u valuable iishing ground, Init vessels 
 frequenting it must be provided with ground tackle in order to ride 
 otd such storms as they may meet with. A .study of tlie streams on 
 this bank seems to show that there is no real current ; the stream 
 probably sets to the eastward during the rising tide and to the 
 south-west duriiii; tlie falling tide. 
 
 Albatross bank lies (df ihe south-eastern side of Kadiak island, 
 and extends the entire length of that i.shind and in front of the 
 Trinity islands. .VI llie eastern end it is continuous with the 
 Portlock bank. Along .some ])ortious of the coast, as in the 
 neighbourhood of Silkaliilak island, the bank is separated from the 
 land bj' comparatively deep water, wliiie in other places shoal water 
 iutervencH. The IdO fathouis line is .'.'i to bl mih's oil' tht^ land and 
 the estinuited area iiisitU' that limit is IS, 700 square nules. There are 
 many excellent harbours and convenient anchorages near this bank. 
 which make it one of the most desirable fishing grounds on the 
 Alaskan coast. 
 
 Shuyak island. — The nonh eoa.si of ilns island is dangerous. 
 It« south point is in latitude .'»S ;'.D N., longitudt; U)'l' 2.")' W. 
 
 .S,- chiii-t, N'o 1.1 '.I'.'. 
 
ArOC4NAK ISLAND.— ST. PAUL HARBOUR. 
 
 25 
 
 III C )loiir ; 
 
 fl .st.'eiini ; 
 i-hcy are 
 
 VXDS. 
 
 Afognak island. — The couHtis oL' this island are everywhere 
 indented by hirge and Hniall i)ayH ; they are not well known, and in 
 many phicen oll'-lying sunken rocks and rocks awash liave been 
 observed. It is separated from Kadiak by Afognalc Ijay and ;t strait, 
 not navigable, which really divi<les it tVom iiasplK^i'i'v ishiml. 
 
 Tonki cape bay is a very good and secure anchorage ; it is 
 resorted to by sealers for wood and water and is only open to the 
 northward. The water in the bay is deep and apparently clear of 
 ••Dcks or slioals. Anclior close to the head of the bay in lat. TuS 17 !N.> 
 l(,ng. 1J2- 2' W. 
 
 Sea Otter island. — The sea breaks lor a distance of at leu^t 
 ■-' miles in all directions round Sea Ott^r island. 
 
 Marmot island is a talde laml. somi'whal hiylii-st at its western 
 cud. Two smiken rocks exist betwicn Marmot island and Hea Lion 
 nicks. 
 
 Kadiak island is very niuiiniaiiious, its coasts are indenud by 
 large bays into wliich a nuinlii>r of rivers empty. Its greatest length 
 is '.)() miles north and south and its bi'eadth4r) miles ; it is composed 
 chietly of slate ami gi'aystoue. '.I'lie climate is iu)t pleasant, depend- 
 ing uijon the winds ; it is seldom warm escn in summer and is 
 generally damp. There are a few settlements on the island 
 
 Spruce island shows as a Mnll' with its highest part to tht^ 
 northward. 
 
 In the narrow sti-iiit between Spruce and Kadiak islands ia ti 
 Itinnacle rock, with 17 feet over it tmd deep water till round. It lies 
 about tliree-ciuarters of a mile S.W. of thi^ south-west point of Spruce 
 island, ill the ctnitre of the channel between a small island al)rcast of 
 Wonum's bay and a kelp reef, wliicli is eoviTcd at liigli water. This 
 channel slujiild n<U \w used. 
 
 ST. PAUL HARBOUR.— This is a good luirliour, easy of 
 atcess, more free from fog ihan others callhongh fogs are ver.\" 
 prevalent), arul with more opportunitiesof communicating with Sitka 
 and civilization. It is on the track followed l»y all sealers, bound 
 either to Sand point (Humboldt harbour) or Uussian waters. 
 
 The village is on the coast of Kadiak island opposite the centre of 
 Near island. 
 
 Sri' cnurt. Ne. l.t'J'.l, aiiJ i>laii. St. Piuil Imrldnir on So. l,l.'<). 
 
2t; 
 
 AF0f4NAK, KADIAK AND SKMIDI ISLANDS. 
 
 The I'ftjular stfiiuicr ninniiiir lu'twt^i'ii Sitka iiud Umiki«ka callsj 
 luTi' (hiring' tlie j-'cusoii. 
 
 Position. — 'riit' Olisei'vation spot is Huiil to l»e in latitiuUg 
 :u^ [T .')?' N., loniriuidc 1;V2 -Jl •>] \V. 
 
 Supplies. — <'<Kil ill i|uaiuiiifs up III .')(• tons may be ohtaiiu'd m 
 .'Sl-i a ton ■li'livrivd alou^;■sid(^ liiK ncitiiei' tlio supply nor the quality 
 can be depended un. There is a lij^hur w liieh Imlds about iJ.") tons. 
 
 ProviHiouH are not to be had. 
 
 There is <,'ood cod and halibut lishinij; in the liarl)our, but the fisli| 
 c'au,yiit insliore are said to be unwholesome. 
 
 Long island i.s low, long and undulating, it» top is covered witli | 
 trees, and tiie coast is formeil of steep-faced rocky cliffs. 
 
 The Devil's prong's are three triun{,'nlar-s]iaped peaks, the toji 
 of the midilie one bi'ini;' liatteued. 
 
 Anchorag'e. — Large vessels anchor in the roadstead, the bottom 
 is soft and the least depth yet found (i fathoms : it is open to north- 1 
 east winds. Small vessels go into the inner harbour; they can haul 
 on the beach for cleaning or repair. 
 
 Dangers. — The following dangers are reported to exist in tin 
 approach to St. Paul harliour :— 
 
 North channel.— Williams reef breaks ht^avily and extends 
 well to the southward. 
 
 Kacliak rock is very pointed and has ',• fei't water on it. 
 
 A breaker, on whiih the depth is unknown, bearing anont N.N.E. 
 (N. 22° E.) distant 2,1 miles from tlie east end of Long island. 
 
 Rocks about thiee-iiuarters of a mile N.E. by N. (N. M^ E.) 
 from tlu' north end of Long island. 
 
 Hutchinson reef, a rocky iiatcli with ;• i'eet water on it at low 
 water, about one mile N.E. (N. 4.") E.) from the Outer Spruce cape, 
 ;tnd extending about half ii mile in a iiorlh-easterly direction. 
 
 St. George rock, awasii at low wati'r and marked by kelp hall' 
 a mile N.E. by E. J, E. (N. iVl E.) from the Twins. 
 
 >'((' iiUui. St. I'aiil liiirliMur. (in N'o, 1.15 1. 
 
iialaskii eiil 
 
 ill latitude 
 
 i ohtiiiiu'd m 
 31' the quality 
 )out 3") tons. 
 
 , but the fisli 
 covered ^vith | 
 
 i. 
 
 icaki:!, th'j top 
 
 il, the liottoiu I 
 ipeii to nortli- 
 thej' can haul 
 
 ) exist in tin 
 
 • and extends 
 
 on it. 
 
 ,'aooi^t N.N.K. 
 island. 
 
 L (N. ;U" E.) 
 
 • on it at low 
 
 • Spruce cape, 
 rection. 
 
 d by kelp hall' 
 
 27 
 
 ST. PAUl- HARIJOUR. 
 Hutchinson n e,' and St. Oeor.e ,.,ck a,v said to be one shoal. 
 There is no passage between then:. 
 
 , .. ,v ■, mil,. We-^i "! ilx- »<outh-west end of 
 A breaker, 11 ([uarKT (A ■' luH' n^^' 
 
 Round Lumpy rnck. 
 
 A detached rock, aboui 1, -ables easnvaid o,' Oiuev Spruce 
 
 ca]ic. 
 
 A rock, S.l.;. by E. I E. ^S. .;2^ E.) a ,uaiter of a nuh- from 
 
 Outer Spruce cape. 
 
 1, . v; i,v E ' E (S. 1'. ■ E.) from Outer 
 Channel rook, y> '^"djlc^. s. bj J.. . J- \.' • 
 
 Spruce cape. 
 A rook. »i.".« 11 ■^M.' ..ir II..- """1. ."'I "< "»li''"5" '"'»'"'■ 
 south Channel. -The Ou^r Hu„.p.ao., *;;;;»■': 
 
 water with lU u, 20 fathoms close to and 70 fathoms near it. 
 
 A rock, a^vash at low water springs, lies tliree-quarters of a mile 
 S S W S ■'•> ^^'.) from the Outer Humpback ; foul ground extends 
 about onecTble to the northward of it, in other directions there are 
 8 to 1.-) fathoms at the distance of half a cable. 
 
 Kalisin reef; awash at high water, shows phimly and lies 
 S S.W. ), W. .S. :>S W., about 2 miles fr,..n the Outer Humpback. 
 
 Vasilief reef; with 4 feet waier on It, lies about W.S.W. 
 (S. f.T W.) (i cables from the south md of Eong island. 
 
 Inner Humpback is a rock ab.,ve water. 
 
 A 9-teet patch iChalkl, lies a quarter Ufa mile westward ..f 
 the Inner Humpback. 
 
 Buoy .-There was a buoy olf the . harf on Wooded island, but it 
 had disappear.'d in June, IS'.M. 
 
 Shoals -There are many shoals extending about 3^ cables to the 
 eastward from the islands eastward of Near island. 
 
 ,sv< iiUiii, St. riiul luirbour, on No. 1,154. 
 
S8 
 
 AFOGNAK, KADIAK AND SEMIDl INLANDS. 
 
 A 6-feetshoal is nearly in mitl-chanuel, soutli-wostwimlof tlicwent 
 point of Wooded ialand. Kct'i) closer to Wooded island to avoid it. 
 
 A small island, with reefs extending,' to the northward and south- 
 ward of it for a considerable distance, lies nearly 1 cables to the 
 nortli of the above shoal. 
 
 Bank. — A bank of small area, with a depth of (i fathoms on it> 
 lies with Observation point bearing W. f S. fS.Sii'-W.l.dishuit .">.', cables. 
 
 The North channel i> uooil in fail' weather, but the Williams 
 and Hutchinson reefs make it danfjerous in thick weather. This 
 locality is subject to fogs thai oliseure all olijects at any time, 'i'lie 
 breakers on Williams re-d" can be seen frcmi a distance of ',] miles in 
 clear weather. Vessels sliDtdd not pa.ss between Williams reef ami 
 Lcuig island unless well acquainted with the locality. 
 
 Directions. — Pass abuui a uiile noriii-west of Williams i-eef, steer 
 lor the C'hainiel rock and when the strait Iietweeu Near and Kadiak 
 islands opens alter course for it, then |)r(ieeed in mid-channel throuudi 
 the strait to the wharl' ai St. I'aul. The ilutehinson leef and other 
 ilangers to the northward aiv a\ oidi'd by ki't'jiintr t he norlli-'-ast t:-ni\ i,\' 
 Near island west of H.\V. by S. (H. ;U W.j. 
 
 The South channel i.> ilirlicsljiut tiiere are strong tiilal streams 
 in it. The U.S.S. (Jonvird, whilst steei'ing West for a position to the 
 southwarel of the Inner Humpback, experienced a strong set to the 
 northward. 
 
 Directions. — Hound to St. Paul, it is liest to make Ugak, an 
 excellent land mark, though in any but thick weather, cape Greville, 
 witJi its outlying rocks, is unmistakable. A peculiar shaped ritlge, 
 called the Devil's Thumb, in line with the south end of Long island, 
 leads to the Outer IIumi)back, which, like the Inner, consists tif 
 2 or 3 small rocks with one large one. 
 
 The Outer Humpback api)eai-< as one rock on a S.W. by S. bearing. 
 
 With theOuter Hiimpliaek about South one mile,steer West, talcing 
 care to give the position of the doubtful shoal southward of tln^ 
 linier Humpback a good lierth, until the south-east extreme of 
 Wooded island is in line with the north-west extreme of Long island. 
 
 Then s(eer 
 west iioint 
 cliannel ar 
 close to t 
 kelp, steer 
 Kadiak is 
 distance fr 
 
 Kelp ex 
 Wharf 
 
 opposite tl 
 I'hannel b 
 a few rod 
 visible at 
 about 100 
 by l<ee]iin 
 
 Cape 
 
 from the 
 with dar 
 aliont 2 n 
 I which agi 
 
 Ugak 
 
 the highi 
 of its chii 
 Kadiak t 
 
 Ugak 
 
 there are 
 ))art. li 
 shore is 
 
 St. o 
 
 <in a sn 
 witli Ki 
 
 Kilii 
 
 affords i 
 
 Danf 
 
 .Srv plari.Sr. I'iiul hiirliour (III N'o. I, I'll. 
 
|()f tllO Wt'Hi 
 
 iivoiil it. 
 
 111(1 HOUtll- 
 
 jIo.s ti) the 
 
 lums oil it^ 
 |tr,i cables. 
 
 \\'illiaiUK 
 \h<'v. This 
 liiuo. Tlic 
 '■) miles ia 
 
 I'l'rl' and 
 
 > I'rrt', sli'ci- 
 11. 1 K'adiak 
 rl iliroin,'li 
 and otlicr 
 'asl fiid of 
 
 ST. PAur- HAnnouR. — cape (JREVILLE. 
 
 29 
 
 : 
 
 lal wirfauis 
 li'iu lo till- 
 .set to tlio 
 
 Ugtilf, an 
 ^ Groville, 
 led ridge, 
 ug ifsliiiul, 
 jusisls t)f 
 
 . bearing. 
 
 ■•^1. (akiiig 
 •d of tho 
 treine of 
 ig inland. 
 
 Then steer about N. }^ W. (X. C, W.) for the white church near the 
 West jioiut of Wooded ishind ; all dangi'rs on the western side of the 
 clumnel are avoided by keeiiing half a mile oil" the islands. When 
 dose to the west point of Wooded island, which is marked by 
 ; kelp, steer N. by \V. }, W. (\. IT^- W.) for a few huts on a beach of 
 ICadiak island and anchor in about It fathoms at a convenient 
 distance fi'oni the norlliern shore. 
 
 K'elp extends fiillv a i|iiarter of a mile north of Holiday island. 
 
 WhD,rf. — The Commercial (Company's wharf at St, Paul is 
 ojiposite the norih end of Near island. There is a good but narrow 
 rhannel for large vessels right up to liie wharf. (}(jing in, there are 
 a few rocks on the starboard hand, close to the .shore and plainly 
 visible at all liuK's. (In the poi't hand, there is a rock above water 
 aliout 10(1 yards off the north end of Near island, wliich is avoided 
 by kei'ping the Company's wharf open of the ])oint. 
 
 Cape Greville, in latitude 57° 'M N., longitude 152° 2' W., 
 from the eastward ajipears as a low broken cape of a light colour, 
 with dark rocks stretching off its extreme to the northward for 
 about 2 miles. It is backed by a rang(> of jiine clad hills, behind 
 which again I'ise sliarp iie;d<ed snowy mountains. 
 
 Ugak island has three small peaks or knob.s, the .southern being 
 the liigh(>st ; it is reported to be about IJ, miles to the south-eastward 
 of Us charted jiositioii, and the width of the strait between it and 
 Kadiak to be aliout 15 miles. 
 
 Ugak bay is a deep inlet, 10 miles long and 2.\ miles wide ; 
 there an- some goo<l anchorages in it, the best is in the south-west 
 jiart. Ill entering the bay keep close to the south shore as the north 
 shore is fringed with outlying rocks. 
 
 St. Ol'lovsk was originally a Uussian-American settlement, it is 
 on a small stream which may be used by canoes to communicate 
 with Kiliuda liay. 
 
 Klliuda bay. — This consists of two bays, either of which 
 affords good shelter. 
 
 Dangerous cape should be approached with caution. 
 
 iSr chart. No. 1.4!tli. 
 
:w 
 
 APOONAK, KADIAK AND SEMIOI ISLANDS. 
 
 Sitkalidak island h- sO])iirat(Ml IVom Kailink islaiid hy 11 stniit of 
 the Hiiino iiainc. Tliis sii'ait is wiilr at tlio ontninces l)iit narrows 
 in ])lac<'s to '.'at) yanls. T'm nortti coant nf tlic islaml Ik imlcnteil 
 vvitii liays. 'IMu'i'c* is a rock-, on wliioli the sea Inv-akH, l)earini,' 
 N'onli, a link' uviT onr mile. Iroin r\\\n' I5ai'nal>aH. 
 
 Port Hobron, at tlio lunid of till' socoml 1)ay from cape I>arnal)as, 
 is a ^'(((1(1 liai'ljour for all classes of vessels. An ahundant supply f)| 
 fresli water ean be prorii red from a mountain stream near the Jiead 
 of the liay on the wewt sidi'. Fisli ai'e canulii in a ialce alioiit 1 .', miles 
 distant from the settlement. 
 
 Old harbour is in latitude .'»7 11 X., lonudtmle 1.");'. 1;. W., on 
 the coast of Kadiak island. 'J'he anchoraw is in 7 fathoms otl an 
 Indian villa^'o called by the natives Thi'ee Saints, vvliieli is about 
 ■1 miles to the northward of the ))ay of Three Saints. Ik-tweon 
 Throe Haints bay and Old liarboui' is tlie beautiful harbour of 
 Lisiauski bay (not marked on charts). 
 
 Directions, — To enter Old liarbour make T\vo Headed island, 
 which has two lii,i,di irregularly rounded peaks and is easily 
 reco<,'nised. \ eave it to the westward, and if the weather is clear 
 Black point, the south-west point of Sitkalidak islaiid, will be seen. 
 Having passed the rocks oft' ])laek point, a mid-elninnel course 
 round the second prominent jx/mt on the stai'board haml leads to 
 the strait where Old harbour is situated. There is bold water in the 
 strait, which is free from hidden dangers except near the hind. 
 Passing Old harbour tliero is a narrow tortuous chanmd into 
 Sitkalidak strait, which no stranger should attempt witii a vessel 
 ilrawing more than S feet. 
 
 The country surrounding Old harbour is mountainous with a 
 narrow belt of com])arativ(dy level land, on which the village stands 
 near the water. There is a luxuriant growth of gi'ass and fiowei's 
 during the summer : alder bushes grow, and in the sheltei'ed valleys 
 the poi)lar is found of sulficient size to be vahuible for building 
 purposes. The village of Three Saints is scattereil along the shingle 
 beach and consists of sod houses, thatched with grass, and a few log 
 V)uil(lings. The peoi)le engage in hunting, fishing, and drying salmon 
 for their winter food sup[)ly and a few are in the employ of the 
 salmon fishery in the vicinity. 
 
 Sir diart, \o. 1,19!). 
 
OLD }lAIt11ori!.--Al.ri' \K MAY. 
 
 31 
 
 Black point, the Houth-wt-st point of Sitkuliilak island, is vciy 
 (liiik ; iilioul (iiii- cable off it is an islet and a (]uart('i' ol' a iniieriirllM r 
 off a I'ocdv just aliovc watci'. 
 
 Alsentia bay consists of two arms, one riinnin.i,'to tliunoi'tliward, 
 ilic oilier to ilif wistwai'd, on this latter is the vilia.i,'e of Alsentia, off 
 wliieli tliere is L'ood aiu hoi'ai;c. In jiroeeoding to this aiieliora<,'« 
 Iroin tlie south-east, willi 'I'wo Ifi'aded island on the starI)oard side, 
 liivoiir the island to avoid a sunken rocdc in about niid-ehannid, mi 
 \v liicli the sea lii'eaks at low wattT in heavy weather. The jiassaye 
 liiiiu tile north anil east is free from hidden dauu'ers. 
 
 Geese islands- — A rock exists about •* miles north-casl of the 
 casterninoHt of ilie (ieese islainls. The rlianiK'i lirt ween this ijrou]) 
 ;iiiil Kadiak is iirsafe, 
 
 Sitchinak strait. — Tide rips havi' been ubser\ed in this strait, 
 lesembliiiii: a line of lireakers, and exliMiilihir well .icross the strait 
 from the (Jeese islamls. 
 
 In the strait the Hood tidal siri'am sets to the westward and the 
 I'blj stream to the east ward. When ])assiiiL;- tlii'otigh the strait, keeji 
 iiu the Sitchinak sidt iuid jrive the (ieese islands a good berth. A 
 mid-channel course is clear, with depths of 1:2 t(j 17 fathoms, bottom 
 ?:ind. 
 
 Russian harbour is on Kadiak island, inside of the Gees(v 
 i -lands. 
 
 Cape Trinity, the noi'ih-west point ol' Russian harbour, as well 
 IIS the coast to the north-west of it, is fringed with rocks. The cai)e 
 is hi latitude r»('p° 4.7 N., loiiLrittide V>i' 'Z' W. apiiroximatclj'. 
 
 ALITAK BAY is a bay of many liranches. There iy a cannini,' 
 I stablishment at its head. Close along its south shore are many rocks 
 and on the north shore many islets anil rocks. 
 
 Olga bay. — About 10 miles north of cape Alitak, Alitak bay 
 contracts abruptly and continues narrow for a distance of about 
 7 miles, when it expands into a great bay fully 1.") miles in length, 
 composed of two jiarts connected by ;i narrow ne(di of water. This 
 upper portion is Olga bay. At its north-east end is a iishing station. 
 The narrows connecting Alitak and Olga bays receive many small 
 streams on both sides ; several native villages are situated at the 
 mouths of these streams. 
 
 Sic charts, Xo. l,4'.i'.t and No. l.riOO. Kntliiik island lo Siguaiu islands. 
 
:vi 
 
 .\K(>(;\AK, KADIAK AM) SIOMIDI ISLANDS. 
 
 Snug" harbour i.s a small liiy on the western sulo of the narrows 
 about 2 niilos in from Alitakbay. 
 
 Lazy bay is ou tlie north-west side of Alitak bay in latitude 
 at>° T)!' N., l(iiiij;itU(lo If)!' (5' W. In onterinpf tliis bay a small rocky 
 inlet, Kf,'t,' islet, is on tlie port hand, witli a small roek west of it which 
 uncovers at low water, and wiiieh is avoided by kec'pinj,' nearer the 
 north side of the entrance. There are niany other dangers and greni 
 care must be used. On th(> noi-th side of the entrance is a ])ea]< 
 ],10i) fei't high ; this peak shows dark and is very conH])icuous. Tin 
 beaches are generally 8tee))-to and boats can land on tlieni. There ih 
 an abundance of good water and also good shooting, ptarmigan bein^ 
 ])lentiful. Steer in with the high i)eak bearing N.W. i N. (N. iJiP W. > 
 and anchor in ib fathoms. At three-cjuarters of a mile from the 
 shore are soundings of 15 to 20 fathoms.* 
 
 Caps Alitak is a liiy;h double peak with a knoll near the shore , 
 it is connected to the island 1)y a narrow neck of land. Anchorage 
 has been obtained in '.• fat bonis, Ijlaek and grey sand, with cape Alitak 
 bearing N.W. by W. :| W. (N. t)."* W.) distant ;) miles. 
 
 The coast from cape Alitak trends north-westerly to and around 
 cape Ikalik and ilie Seal j-oeks. It should be given a wide berll). 
 From Seal rocks (he coast trends to tlie northward and eastward to 
 Northern strait, which separates Kadiak island from Afognak and 
 Kaspberry islands. The coast is iiulented by large bays and rivers, 
 some of them nearly dividiitg the island. 
 
 Cape Karluk, l,t)00 feet high, is the west point of entrance to 
 the Karluk river ; there is a small settlement on it. 
 
 Kavluk bay i^* a slndlow arm to the north-east of caj)e Karluk. 
 The beach descends very gi'adually from a lowsj)!! : at a distance of 
 a cable from flie sliorc the (lei>th is several fathoms, and tJiereis very 
 little good liolding ground for vessels. 
 
 Karluk spit .separates the bay from the river valley, it is about 
 three-(|uartei's of a mile long, with a width of from lOlt to ,")l) yards, 
 anil in severe storms the sea washes over it into llie I'ivei'. Tiiereare 
 extensive salmon canneries on this spit. 
 
 Karluk head, about one mile to the south-west of the river 
 mouth, rises almost perpendicularly to a height of from li.^OO to 
 2,000 feet. 
 
 *Tliis ik'S'.'riptioa of L.izy bay docs not aifree with the plan; caution is therefore 
 necessary. 
 
 N. ,■ charts, Nos. l,-l'.t',) and 1,500, an^l plan, Lazy bay ou No. I,ltl5. 
 
I-AZV HAV. — ■I'lllMTV ISLANDS. 
 
 •.\:\ 
 
 lie lllllTOWs 
 
 ill laljtudc 
 mall rocky 
 )f it whicli 
 iicaivr tile 
 ft mill fjrrcni 
 is II ]H'ak 
 HUH. Tlx 
 TJHM'O is 
 
 ij,'an bflnjL' 
 
 N. :\[r w. i 
 
 I' from the 
 
 tlio shore , 
 Aiichorafrc 
 • apt! Alitak 
 
 and aroiiiid 
 iVldo lit'i'ili. 
 s'astward to 
 I'o.Lrnak and 
 
 and rivers, 
 
 entrance to 
 
 1 10 Karhik. 
 lislance of 
 I ere is very 
 
 it is ahoiil 
 
 ' ."JO yards, 
 
 There are 
 
 the river 
 ' 1,500 to 
 
 i'* t'lerefore 
 
 > 
 
 Tides. — The range of the lidc in the Karluk river is from iS to 
 ."i feet, wliile on the heaeli mitsidf it is from IIJ to IS feel. 
 
 Uyak bay, <'oiisists of two arms, one of which extends 21 miles 
 to (he south-east. There are some line iiarl)oiirs for lishiii;,' vc'sseis 
 ill the liay, and inside llic .small islainl on iIk; sscstcrn side is a j,'ood 
 ;tiichoraj,'e, used iiy the Karluk l)oats when diiMMi liy heavy weather 
 from off cape Karluk. 
 
 Ug'anuk bay.— 'I'here is ^'ood anidiorai,"' ill this li;iy between 
 Uganiik and N'oisy islands. 
 
 Trinity islandfj -Tugridak island.— Heavy breakers have been 
 reported extendin^jf \'l to 1.") mih's oil' shore from the middle of the 
 east side of Tui,'idak to the soiiih end of that islan<l. Nnmeroiis 
 statements tend to show that siioal water exists for 111 miles in a 
 south and west direction from Tiii^'iilak ishiiid. 
 
 .V danj,'erous sunken I'ock with ~ fathoms wati'r on it, lies with the 
 south end of Tuvndak island bearing' \. ,\ K, (X. (I' K.) about 
 I.', miles ; no indications of broken or discoloured water have been 
 seen within a distaiicu of ;» miles inshore of the rod'C. 
 
 It is also stated that a danf^croiis rock lies with iln' south end of 
 Tujfidak island bewaring J'last at least 7 miles. 
 
 Tii^ridak island is very low ami marshy, surrounded by foul 
 !,'round, and should be approached with caution. Kxtensive shoals 
 extend to the southward and east want of it. 
 
 Sitchinak island is reall\ two islands very dose toL'etlier, the 
 west jiart is low, the easiern jiart miiiii hiyiier. This island is 
 surrounded by foul ground, except on the north side. There are two 
 pairs of small rocks above water about one mile E.N.E. (\. Cu' K.) 
 fi'om the east end of iln^ island. 
 
 Sernidi islands. — it is reported that either these islands are very 
 iiiiich out of jihu'i' or tiiat tlu' positions of otlu-r islands ami jioints 
 on the mainlaml are incorrectly charted. The irroiip consists of two 
 lirincipal islands, Aghiyuk and ('ho wiet, with several smaller ones, 
 very l;igh and close together and surrounded by rocks above and 
 below water. The main channel between these islands is iibout 
 ij mih^s wide. The north end of .Vgliiyuk is said to be in latitude 
 r)!)"^ 15' N., hmgitude l.'jtr 5;>' W.. and the so iih end in latitude 
 fiC)-^ 11' N., longitude b'lC)'^ 5:V W. 
 
 S.r cliarts. N'os. 1.4'.l'.l and I.."iO(l. 
 •SO ! I HI 111 
 
;w 
 
 AKOOXAK. KADIAK AMI SMMIDr ISLANi"**. 
 
 Lighthouse rooks.— 'I'Iuh ^tkuii coiisists of wvoral tlotuchcil 
 barrt'ii rockH, tin- liirjroHt boinj? I'O Iwt hi liciKlit imd .'>()(• I'luit in 
 1imii,mIi, mill nilicrs iit>iirly iiwiisli on whicli tlic Hca hrcalcH. They iin' 
 iiliciiu ii (|ii;irt('i' nf a mile aci'oss anil can Im> apjiriiachcil with safely 
 to liair a n'iir. A iai'LTf iiiiii<('r\' nl' sra linnrt exiflta hore. 
 
 Ohirikoff' island is irrcffnlar in shape, tiie wt-sl side is hiw ami 
 Hat. ilie sniitii-easi siile coMsisiH iif hi-.'!) st;'ei» olifTs. The west coast 
 is ver-y loiil, the NauMi focks e.Mcnilinj,'' several iiiiles I'l'uni the shore. 
 There are anehora^res, oil ilio noi'th-east enil ; in the south-west 
 to the soiithwaril of West point (this is small); ami to the 
 norlhwanl of tin' Xa^'ai roeKs is aimtlier small anchorajie with a k'i'oiI 
 lee in winils fi'nm Suntli to Mast. Oliservation spot, near West |)iiint, 
 is in latitude .'i.'»' IS L'-i' N., lon^'itude l.'i.') Iv'' '>] W. 
 
 Anchorages.- The following,' are some eonvenieiil auchorafi;es: — 
 
 Ujut bay, Afog-nak island.— On the west side of tin- hay. 
 
 Marmot bay.— Ai the east end of Northern strait. 
 
 Narrow strait,— Oil' llm settlement near the west end of Sprnce 
 island, and between it and Kadiak island. 
 
 St Paul harbour. 
 
 Chiniak bay. — In winds from S.E. to West. 
 
 Ugak island. — oil' the norih-west and north-east ends of the 
 island on either side of ihe Kann- point. 
 
 Ugak bay. — There are ii,cks in the eniranec wliic h can be easily 
 avoided in moderately clear weather. 
 
 KJliuda bay. — Sevi-ral ,t,'ood harbours in this bay. 
 
 Port Hobron. — The se.-ond bay inside caiie Barnabas. There 
 are other harbours on the north-east and south-west sides of 
 Sitkalidak island. 
 
 Old harbour. — About l miles noith of the bay of Three Saints, 
 surrounded by land of moderate height and not lialile to violent 
 sijualls. 
 
 Lislanskt bay. 
 
 St-r charts, Nos. l,4'.l!>, ],.">(l(i, nml pliin of South-west anchorage. Chirikoff island, 
 (11 No, I.i.M. 
 
Axrjion Af;Ks. 
 
 an 
 
 |l ilotaclicil 
 
 '•"><"» t'ODt ill 
 
 Iwilli siifctv 
 
 is I'lw ami 
 I' wont cniiHt 
 1 I lid sliorc. 
 
 ••^oiKll-Wi'Sl 
 
 11(1 i„ tho 
 villi a ;,'ood 
 ^V'cst j)i.iii(, 
 
 ■lll)^aJ,'t^s: — 
 
 I'' I)IIV. 
 
 of Spruce 
 
 •l.s of the 
 : 1)6 easilv 
 
 -. There 
 Hides of 
 
 Je SiiiutH, 
 ' violent 
 
 off inland, 
 
 Bay of Three Saints. -Sinidimcinl i.y liii:li laml ami r<iii.jf(i 
 
 ID I'lirioUH H(jiiallri ( woiillicrt) in had wcallicr. 
 
 Kiyavak bay, — 'riHTc arc several aiu-lioraj^cH in IImh hay. 
 
 Alsentia bay.— "l"''i '" noi'th-cast wimiH wliic'i scud in a 
 heavy Hfa, 
 
 Russian harbour. 
 
 Al.ASKA I'KNINHUI.A, Slir.MA(;iX. SAXNAK AM) 
 IINI.MAK ISLANDS. 
 
 VUilATlON IN IS'.I,'). 
 
 Hiiiiihnldl liai'hriiir 
 
 I)('cr(>asiii<,' r aiiiuially. 
 
 •i(P(l K. 
 
 SHUMAGIN ISLANDS. -Banks.- A nuky hank of small 
 ixtciit, with 127 fallioins oi' water on il, i'^ reported to lie with the 
 lii^'hest jioint of Sinieonolf imland Ixnirin'.^ W S.W., distant I.") miles : 
 and a hank with 'i3 fathoms on it 1.^ niiloH to thecastward (d' the !\l)ove 
 
 liiiiik. 
 
 A shoal with 7 fathoms on it is rej)oi'ted to exist with Slmeonolf 
 islam! heariiif,' hetween X.NN'.aml W.X.W., ami distant X'dto ;'.") miles. 
 
 Big Koniushi island.— A rocky Icdire lies close to and round 
 the points on the east side of Yukon harhoui- entrance, ami there are 
 I wo rocks ahove water close oil' the east end (d' Hall island. 
 
 Little Koniushi island. — Sandy cove is a irood anchorage in 
 nil hut south-eust winds. 
 
 Castle rock is liit,di, ni^'t,'ed ami seri'ated. 
 
 Nagai island. — Weiljje cape, in latitude T)")' 10' N., loufritude 
 ]^){P 4S' W., is a sharp, low, wedfre-shajied point. 
 
 Fishing' stations consistinj,' (d' a small wharf, and a few houses 
 e.xist at the f(dlowin<,' places : — 
 
 Sir charts. No. 1.500 : No. 1.4ri4.Shniiiagiii islaml-i.aiul plan. Yukon and N'orth-wosI 
 liiirljonrs. 
 
 SO IISIK! 3 
 
3(1 
 
 ALASKA Pf?NTNSUr,.\. — MHUMAGIN' TSLANns. 
 
 Ked cove, Popofl! island. TJiero is a reddish yellow cliff at the 
 east point of this cove. 
 
 Unga island. A few humli'ed yards north of the noi-th head of 
 Delaroff harbour. There is also a mining town of several houses on 
 the north shore of this harbour. 
 
 Nagai islaml. I'oi'poise liarbour. 
 
 Nagai Island. — Sanl)orn harbour is very snug ; a v(>ssel entering 
 should anchor directly slie is in 10 fathoms as the water shoals 
 rapidly towards the head of the bay. The williwaws are very strong 
 in this harbour. Cod may be caught at the anchorage, and good 
 sport may sometimes be obtained on shore shooting ptarmigan. 
 
 The obser\ation spot is in latitude .');j° 7' lUl' X., longitude 
 151)° 50' G" W. 
 
 Popoff strait may be entered at either end. 
 
 The south entrance is eh'ar of dangei's, wliile Unga reef, I'ojjolT 
 reefs and the ].>f(^et patch lying bet\vi>en Unga reef and Range island 
 make the north entrance rather diihcult. 
 
 Sand point, or Sandy point as it is usually styled, (Humboldt 
 harbour), is a pirt of entry with a deputy c(dlector and a jxist oflice. 
 It is used by sealers and fishermen antl also for the clearance of ship- 
 ments of ore mined on Unga island. 
 
 The regular steamer betwi'en 8itka and T'nala. ka vdls liere. 
 
 Coal can occasionally be obtained. 
 
 Buoys. — A red buoy ha-i been plact'd on llie ciisl side of Unga 
 reefs, and a black buoy at the rocky patch altout 2 cables to the 
 eastward. These are jjrivati' buoys. 
 
 Light. — A private light is maintained on tlic norlh side of 
 Humboldt harbour ; it shows white between the beai'ings of 
 N. 12° E. and N. ^S'^ E., red between N. :2S ' E. and X. Str E., and is 
 obscured in other directions. 
 
 South channel directions.— Pass alxMit thr.c-.|uartei, ofa mile 
 to the westward of tlie Egg islands, as there an a few rocks at the h>>uth 
 point of the eastern Egg islaml with indiciitioiis of shoal wai"r 
 there, and steer for Sand point. Pass Sand ))oint at the distance of 
 
 •2 eal>le| 
 liarbou| 
 wharf 
 
 At 
 
 abrcastl 
 white 
 
 Sec 
 
 Srf charts, \ow. l.TiOO. I.-l."} and \)]nu^ of Humboldt mid Saiilidin liiiiboiiis, on 
 
 .\o. 1. 1. -.7. 
 
SHUMA(ilX ISLANDS.— L'XCJA I.SLAMJ. 
 
 37 
 
 h Hifr at th. 
 
 J'"'!Ji lioad of 
 |i'al lioiisi's on 
 
 Water shoals 
 ^•'I'y sti'oiiii- 
 .'»■, and .rooil 
 'iii^'un. 
 
 '•' Joiifjitu,],, 
 
 ■^•iii.yi' islaiiil 
 
 (Hi.uiboMt 
 ' post oflice. 
 
 lU'o of sliij). 
 
 here. 
 
 lo of riifra 
 ij'«s to tlic 
 
 1 fiiMc of 
 ''l'''liff.s of 
 J''-, and JH 
 
 ol'a mile 
 
 )al wai.T 
 'taniv o/' 
 
 •J c'al)les and steer for the white biiildiugB at ttie north end of the 
 harbour ; anchor as eonvenient at not h^ss tliun 2 cabh'rt from the 
 wliarf at the north side of tlie liarboiir. 
 
 At night, <in sightin;,' tlie red li^'lit at once sUhm' for ii until 
 ;tl)r('ast Saiid point, wlieii alier course paraik^l to the sliore until the 
 wliiie lii,'ht opens, tlieu anclior. 
 
 UNGA ISLAND— Zachareffskaia bay.— The r.'ef at tin; 
 
 wislern siileof the entrance to this bay extends olf for a distance of 
 al>out a quarter of a mile fiu'tlii'i' than shown in the ciiart. Tliere 
 are s(mii' weedy sho:'.ls on ihe eastern siib' alio\'e water. 
 
 Scotland l*OCk, i)etwei'n Karpa and Koroviii islands, is sunken 
 luul is usually marked ))y a breaker, it is not advisai)le to Pliss 
 l)etweeu Karpa and Korovin islands except in clear weather, as the 
 position ()'_' Scothmd I'ock outrht to be consideretl doubtful. 
 
 Gormans and Korovin straits i.ilie latter between Korovin 
 
 and I'opoir islaiuls) r, e clear of dangers and very deep. 
 
 Higll island is a high rock- of idlumnar forniaiion. 
 
 Henderson island, in latitude .3.3 Vio X., longitude Itiu r.i \V., 
 a})proximatcly, is low iiiid Hat. 
 
 Unga strait. — The coast (tf Alaska jieiiinsula is incorrect on the 
 chart. Ilciivcn- bay exists and is a large coinniodioiis harliour well 
 pi'Otecteil liom wiiuls from West round by north lo Kast, and affords 
 good anchorage in from (S to i."> fatlunns. The centra lim^ of the bay 
 lies in a N.X.K ami S.S.W. direction. Cape Aliaskin, the eastern 
 entr'an<e point, is altout r, miles W. .^ N. from (iiill island, north of 
 Ungii islaiul. In the neck between Heaver ami l'<irtage bays are two 
 or three lakes. No opening, where Otter bay is marked on the chart, 
 could be seen tti a distance of 1: miles : it is ju'obably a lagoon or lake. 
 
 Wosnessenski island is high and covered with g^ass. The 
 north-east iioint is it high, iilmost perpendicular bluff ; the nortli-west 
 point is low : in the centre of the island is a single conical i)eak, 
 fr(uu which a ridge extends to the south-westward, and the south-wcft 
 point is low but well marked by a su^ar loaf sha]iiil rock. 
 
 ^1)01 
 
 ii's. on 
 
 Ukoluoi island is high and undulating : its north-east 
 west points are low. 
 
 fth- 
 
 *'(« v.iiarL.-*. Nu. l.riiioiiiKl ^o. 1,151, 
 
38 
 
 ALASKA PKM.NSUI-A.— SHIMAfilN ISLAN1)(<, 
 
 DolgrOi island. — HUiff juiint i.s a I'ounded head with a steep hliiH' 
 to tlio noi-nnvHnl, the land to tlie aouth of it bciriir imich lower. 
 Cape liauin is a low pi'ojcc'tiiig blufl." with low land to the eastward 
 of it. 
 
 GolOi island lies close to Dolgoi island and is not seen, when 
 coming from tht^ north-east, until well np with ca))e l^aiUii. 
 
 Cape Moss (not marked on chart). — Thefc i^.i single needle roi!:. 
 close in shore, otf this cape. Farther to the southward is a S(pi u'< - 
 headed rock, wl ich is not seen nntil nearly abreast (Joloi. 
 
 IlJFisiV idiands.— 'riie inner lliasiU island is formed of twt. liiyh 
 hills connected by low grassy land and appears at a distance as 
 two islands. The northern hill from the somhwanl very niiicli 
 resembles a saddle with high cantle and no pommel. The southern 
 l)ai't of the island is wedge-shaped extending to a })oint oil' wliicli 
 are a few islets. A reef extends 100 yards from the south end of 
 inner Iliasik island, which is in about latitude .'55'' 2' N., longitude 
 101" M- W. 
 
 A reef cxttnfls from the north-west end of inner Iliasik ishind to 
 the mainlaiul, the greater portion of which shows at low water. A 
 pinnacle rocdc lies on the reef about (JO yards from the mainland, 
 immediately to thw sontii-wesi (jf wliieli is a narrnw passage, some- 
 times used \siili a f;iir wind at liigh waUT hy siiiaij craft. 
 
 Ai)proaching the strait lietween the inner and outer lliasiks from 
 tiui eastward, two islets will be seen at the western end of the [)assage 
 and ai>parently in mid-channel : these islets lie on the south siile of 
 the eliaunel and are a part of I he Hat extending from the norlh-\ves( 
 l)oint ol' the outer Iliasik, which island is a high ridgi' trending in a 
 X.l'i. by K. and S.W. by W. direction, descending to comjiaratively 
 low land and then ascending to high hills at th ■ southern end. The 
 least water in the sti'ait foinid li\' a vessel passing iluotigli in mid- 
 channel was S i'ailionis. 
 
 Track. — I'lie usiuil enurse Uiv (he inside passage from Sand pniiii 
 is along the Alaskan in'iiinsuia, leaving (itdl. .hide, Wo.^nessenski, 
 T'kolnoi, ]")olgoi and (roloi islands lo the southward, i)assing between 
 tlie inner and otncr lliasiks, leaving Dt'ar and Fox islands to the 
 soutliward, thence going between Amagat and FniLra !'l;iiids. and 
 nnuiding cape Fankolf at n tUstance of iilmut 1' n)!lts. 
 
 
 Sir i;liiu-ti;. Xes. I.r.fin iiMil 1.4" 
 
'"'■"f^' ""ich Jowr 
 f ">^' <o the eanhvard 
 
 ILIASIK AM) SAXNAK ISLANDS. 
 
 :i!» 
 
 IS ll'lt 
 
 seen, wiicwi 
 
 ^■■''i soiue- 
 
 "'■'' "'.isik-s [mm 
 
 '"' •'^"'illi si, If of 
 n tlu. iiorlh-weHl 
 '^'«' fi-eudinfr i„ ., 
 
 " ^'''''M'anitivdv 
 "'■•'■11 '-ml. 'j'lii, 
 
 '"■"".^'■1' ill iinM- 
 
 W(..MI(.SS..|,ski. 
 
 '^•''ii'ils (o (I„. 
 
 ■■■'P«' ^'iuini. 
 
 ■'^'"fe'l<'-'ieo.llt.,.,xi- 
 l"^t Ooloi. K 
 
 "rinvil of tw,, i,i„|, 
 ■' "f a 'Jistanoe a. 
 ''^^"'•'' very ,„„,.), 
 "'''• '''he RoiitJieri, 
 ' •' i'"'"^ "'!■ whioi, 
 
 ['I "'<■ SOUtJl ,.,1,1 of 
 
 ' '>•• lollrritu,!,. 
 
 '' ■'''"silc JHlaiul („ 
 ■• at l,nv \\atoi-. ^ 
 
 ■'"" ""■ "lainla,,,',, 
 '\\' I'a.s.st-,' 
 I fcafi. 
 
 BELKOFFSKI BAY.— J^elkoflVki is, m-xt lo Uiuilaska, tJie 
 largest native! Hettlemeut west of Kadiak, liaviiig a jiopulalion of ItJO, 
 wliicli JH HiiiipovtiMl by Hta-otter Imiitiiij,'. Tiie best anchora^ro f<ii' a 
 stranger is in about 10 fathoms with the chureli Ijearing W.N.W. 
 (X. ()7" W.J. There are large bonUlers in the wesltrn part of the 
 bay, wiiich is oj)en from south-west to south-east. 
 
 Bailey harbour ims an inner and an outer bay divided by a 
 broa,l shingle spit, which e.vtends nearly two-thirds aeriMs from the 
 weist shore. The inner harbour is entirely landlockeil and affords 
 secure anclnjrage in 5 to .S fathom.s anywhere near its centre. 
 There are large boulders at the heail ,if the bay an, I along the 
 western shore. To enter the outer harboiu* close the eastern shore, 
 as the Hats on the opjioaite side extend out some litt'e distance, and 
 for the inner harbour take a mid-channel course through the 
 nariow entrance between tli!' extremity of the spit and the eastern 
 shore, carrying about '.• fathoms, the water shoaling after entering. 
 
 The harbour not having been examined it will be pru lent to 
 anchor on the iiuier side of the spit in from (! to 8 fathoms. 
 
 Thin point, in latitude Ol ;)'.)' N., longitude H'>2^ iV.i' W., is a low 
 Hat pi lint. 
 
 Al.':d8'at island fr,iui the north-east apjjcars as t\v,> rounded 
 
 ii..,;, hilis. 
 
 npi.,Ji':. island. — Tiicre is but one I'mga island, which bears 
 .^.'r't ;.' is'. fr,iiji cape i'aidvoll'. Rush rock lies about 2 miles E.>.'.K. 
 I" 1 . i !ii;a islanil. 
 
 SaiU.ak islands, 'riic main peak of Saimalc has been ,.^e,ii fr,)ni 
 a distance id' li.") ini!,s to tin westward. The most noticeable 
 features of SaiU'.ak ar,' tlic closely connected p,'aks e;i.st\\ar,l of 
 Acli,'i'k anil the iiiiiii(i',)us out-lying r,icl<s ami islamls. The rest of 
 the island seems to be low hills and un,lulating Ian, I. 
 
 The islainl set-ms to be important in the fishing industry ami as a 
 iesort for sealers ; there are stations at Aclierk, I'avloff harbour, 
 I .Ucii I'ove and l','terscn bay. 
 
 I'eteraen b;iy and Catou c,i\f arc icporii'd t,i ii,' g,iod amdnirnges, 
 but Salmon bay. , asl of l'eteis,,-n b;iy, as rocky and daiig,'rous. 
 
 There is a fishing station (»;i Lida island. 
 
 .*»■# chart. Vo. 1, ■"''"''• 
 
■JO 
 
 ALASKA fM':NINSUI,A.— shumagfn jsr,Avns. 
 
 The entrance to Caton cove is to tho wcHtwavd of I.ida island. 
 Tlioro aiv rocks about N. 1 W. (X. ti" W.) [) miles from the nortli- 
 west point of f'aion island. 
 
 Tlie neck connectini^- Petrof pmiDsula, on tlie west side of Acherk 
 harbour, with the main pai't of the island is low and covered at very 
 hi,trh tides. 
 
 Aclicrk is said to be a f,'ood harbour for all but north-we.st \vin<ls. 
 There iire several native houses in tli(> south-east part of the liarbour 
 visibi '■ 1" 1 consideral)Ie distance when not shut in by the hill on 
 Petrof;. la. 
 
 The liest iundinp' is on a beach near the villa.ue ; there is a wlnirf 
 in I he south-east corner of the harbour. 
 
 Rocks. — There is a rock awash at low water in api)ro.\imately 
 latitude ot" JV N., lomritude Hi'i iS' W., m- with mount Sannak 
 liearin^ X. liy \V. 'I W. {\. 2^)" W. i. This is i)rol)ably the Anderson 
 rock, piv'viously jilaced on chart Xo. I,."in0, al)out ."> milr .,outh- 
 westward of the aliove ])Osition. 
 
 The existence and i)ositions nl' the Anderson and Lenard rocks 
 are doubtful ; they are l)eiieved tn be one and the same rock though 
 repfirted in (lilVerent localities, f/ieut -Connnr. T.inner, of the U.S.S. 
 Alha/riiss lias .-tcarchi'd for them without success, but hv isconviiiced 
 that s<imf (binprer exists in thiit locality. 
 
 It is reitorted that foid ;,'round I'xists between the tdiove mentioned 
 ocks and Saninik islands. 
 
 Aleks rock. — A suukfn rock, fd)out 'JO feet across, and on which 
 the sea breaks, lies with imuiiit Sannak licarinu ai)])roxiinately 
 X.K. (X. l.'i E.) distant •>i'< miles. 
 
 UNIMAK. — Cape Pankotf has three nt.ufjed points close together 
 and there is a reef al)ove water extending abinit a ipiaiter of a mile 
 K. by S. (S. 70'^ P]. ) from thc^ middle ])oint. ("ape Lazarelf is a rocky 
 point with a ledge extending S.IO. (S. i.")' K.) al)out one mile ; tiiere 
 are three rocks tibove water nearly e(piidislant from tin- cape. 
 There are two bold rocky (loints immediabdy eastward of cajie 
 l.a/.arelV. with small beaches between them. 
 
 I'roinonlory cape has a Miiall rocky islet olf it. 
 
 Cape Khitnic (or Seal cape), the soiith-ea.stern extremity of Uniin;d< 
 island. Is about l.'iO I'i'ct iiigh, with a \eniial rocky fac<' an<l grassy 
 slopes on either sidt-. 
 
 Sff chart. No. l.fiDO. 
 
 alfords si 
 
 east. \\l 
 
 shallow. 
 
 with tb«| 
 
 ill from I 
 
 iiioderat| 
 
 lUeV joll 
 
 (leer, w 
 
 here. 
 
UNIMAK ISr.AXI). 
 
 41 
 
 [ilia isljiiiil. 
 'In' iiortli- 
 
 1"'' AohcrK- 
 kill ill very 
 
 I'^t winds. 
 |t' liarboiir 
 !'<' iiill oi, 
 
 it wliiirC 
 
 '■viin;i((>l,v 
 ■'^tuinalc 
 iidiTson 
 
 oOUtll- 
 
 'I'iiore in no islaml otl' this i'a])e. A sfi'e]i hill, about oOO feet in 
 lu'i),'ht, lits a niilo t'astward of the cajie ; its sIo]K'S extend to the 
 water'H edge and furnish a good Umdinaric. 
 
 Shaw bay. — This bay at its western eiul is '.) niik's deep and 
 rilfoi'ds sheher fruui all winds except between north-west and north- 
 cas;. Witii northerly winds breakers extoml far out, as the bay is 
 siialiow. The best anchorage is in tiie south-west corner of the bay 
 witii the western iioini bearing about \V. i)y \. i N. 7'.t° W.) '2 miles, 
 in from ti to 1* fatlb nis, sand, liaiuling is not practicable even in a 
 moderate swell, the liest landing |)lace is on the rocks just before 
 iliey join the sand beach. In l<S'.i;i there -were hrown bears, rein- 
 deer, wolves ami foxes, also numbers of ptarmitran ami wild duck 
 here. 
 
 ShiSaldin peak is a voleamj, very prominent and most 
 symnu;trieal. It is in latittule .') I ;")(» >."., longitude lli;') .")(i VV. 
 
 RKRIN(^ SEA. 
 
 Winds. — In Berin)i- sea, unusual clearness «d' the air with a falling 
 liaronieter is almost invariably (in the summer months) foUowerl by 
 a strf)iig 8.K. gale, with rain, which usnally lasts about 12 hours, the 
 wind shifting to S.W. wIumi tiie liarometer ceases to fall : but 
 sometimes it liacks from S.K. to N.!'!. During -Ttily, .\ugust, ami u|i 
 III the middle of Sei)tember, tiie weather is by no means bad ai the 
 .\leutiau islands, it is worsi' at the I'ribiloff islands. In the spring, 
 southerly, and in the aniumn, noi'iiierly winds are said to jirevail. 
 
 Currents. — The currents in heriug sea a.re greatly inlUieiu'ed 
 iiy (he winds, little current is as a rule experienced when !<• miles 
 clear of tlu' land, in llir sjiring, on the west shore of the sea, the 
 current sets north-east w(dl rdl shori', and although its rate is 
 increased or diminished by the ])revailing winds, it is seldom that 
 I he ciiri'eut chauH^es to the southward. In IcSSt'i, during a north-east 
 i^'ale, a \essel fui'leij sails and made last to a Hoc of drilling ice olf 
 cape Navarin, and in three days was taken by the current li't miles 
 to wiiiilward. The current is said to sjilil ab(uil liO miles off cape 
 Navarin, one lu'anch following the tremi of the coiist in u south-west 
 
 Sir pharts. No». i.'.l">fi ariil 2.4iifi, 
 
i-2 
 
 HKIUNd SKA. 
 
 direction, the otlier riinniiiy to the nortlnvard into the gulf ( 
 Anadyr and then to tiie nortli-east. heiiif,' strong' between St. Lawrence 
 ishmd and eape Tehaplin. On the east wide of l^'riiifj sea, l)etween 
 St. Matthew and Kunivak ishmd, tlie set of the current in to tlic 
 northward. With jn-evailing north-east winds, it sets nortli-west, 
 antl with nortli-west and soutli-weat winds, north-east. Thi-; 
 northerly current continues past the east side of St. Lawrence islaml 
 to Kinjjr's island, from there it sets towards port Clarence, and then 
 follows the trend of the coast. In Herin^' strait, the current sets 
 north and when not influenced by wind, its rate is about 2 knots an 
 hour. Protracted northerly gales, which prevail in the autunni. 
 change its direction to the southward, but on the cessatiijii of the 
 wind it (juickly sets north again. Strong southerly gales increase its 
 rate to ',) knots. 
 
 Tidal streams, — In tlu' southern part of Bering sea, inside the 
 1();> fathoms line and through the various passes in the Aleutian 
 islands, the tidal sti-eani sets to the north or north-rast dui'ing the 
 rising tide, and to the south or s(uitii-west during thi' falling tide. 
 In some of the passes it runs at a rate of I).', knots an hour, when 
 clear of the passes its maximum rate is about '11 knots. 
 
 Ice.— The general southern limit of ice is said to lie fmiu Bristol 
 b.iy to about '.)'> miles south oi St. (ioorge island, tlienee trending tn 
 the north-westward, hut it his extended to the Akulan pass (in 
 January [(S7S) where it oidy remained a few days. The I'ribiloll' 
 islands are in some yeai's free from ice, !)ut ii usually apji.'ars thei-e 
 tluring the latter part of December, and remains till alxuit ihe 
 bi'ginning of May Heavy and solid ice probably does not exuiid 
 to the southward of St. .Matthew island, while the ice l)etween that 
 island and the southern liniil is made up of newer ice an I detached 
 floes oi well broken ice. 
 
 ,S»^ churt". Nos. L'.l.'i'.t hikI ■J.liio. 
 
43 
 
 Pt. LllWl-ciic,. 
 
 «<';i, hchvocii 
 
 I"< JH fi) ,|„. 
 
 north- west, 
 
 -am. ThU 
 
 I'c, itiid rJieii 
 
 pui'ivnt sols 
 
 '- 'iiio(h an 
 
 I'k' aiKiunii, 
 
 ""11 of th,, 
 
 '"(■/•eawe its 
 
 iiisid,, til.. 
 
 Aleutian 
 linino. fii,, 
 
 "ill- ti(|(.. 
 >w, Mhi,,i 
 
 "li '5rist(,l 
 
 eiuJin,t,' t,) 
 
 pass (ii, 
 
 IViliil,,/)- 
 
 '!■■■' (Jlt'lv. 
 
 ooiit il,,. 
 
 ' '^XtLlui 
 
 t'eii that 
 'etacJu'd 
 
 ALEUTIAN 1S1.ANDS. 
 
 VAKIATtOX TV ISyo. 
 
 T)iitch hafhoui', ITnalasIca 
 
 J)ecrwisin),' IS' annually. 
 Chichafj;()ll' harbour, Attn island - 
 Nearly stationary. 
 
 17-" 30' E. 
 S^ ;U)' E. 
 
 FOX ISLANDS PASSES-From tho southward and eastward, 
 bound i'or Bt-ring sea, there are three passes known as the Fox 
 islands passes, and res])f('tively as Uniniak, Akutan and Unulga 
 passes. The largest ami most desirable one to use in I'oggy and thick 
 weather is the eastern, Unimak \niHS. Tliis is clear of hidden danger 
 and the widest of the three. The no.\t to the westward. Akutan, is 
 saiil to be clear of hidden dangers in mid-channel though it is 
 pi'obable that its Bliores are more or less foul. It might be used as an 
 alternative pass should it not be convenient to rer.ch or go through 
 Fnalga. Unalga pass is the smallest, shortest and most convenient 
 for the purpose of making Captains bay. it has the disadvantage of 
 lieing narniw for sailing vessels. 
 
 In aiipi'o.idiiiig the l'"o.\ islands j'.asses from the southward, 
 disc<)louri'd water will be found upon the David. ion bank, upon 
 which shortly after noticing the discolouration a depth of idOfathoms 
 will be foiunl. 
 
 Unimak pass. — Approaching llie Unimak pass I'loin ilu' 
 south-east wan 1, tiie south-west entl of Unimak island, a liitlc to the 
 easi wai'd of v;\\)r Kliiiuk, all'ords an excellent landmark. The land is 
 high, and in cleir weather, may be seen a sullicient distance for a 
 I'ourse to be shaped to any of the Fox islands i);is.ses : in thick 
 weather, as liie coast is bold and fairly free IVoni outlying danger, it 
 may br approached near enough to be seen and the position obtained, 
 Tig.ilda and Ugam(»k islands are both fringed on tlu^ir southern sides 
 l)y reefs, making it unsafe toapjtroach them siitliciently close to make 
 the land in thiik weither, liesides, the tidal streams to the westward 
 of cajie K'hiluk are strong and irregular. When the feg lies low 
 liearii'gs may sometimes be obtiiined of Shishaldiu or I'ogrumnoi 
 mountains. 
 
 ■'<!■'■ rhiirt. No. i..'("i. 
 
44 
 
 ALEUTIAN ISLAN'ns. 
 
 Ugamok. — The sharp peak on ilic luirth-fUHt point of tliiw island 
 is (•oiispifiioiiH, and may ot'U'n be sci-ii whcai the smnniits of tii(> 
 liiuhci' islanils in tiic vicinity are ohscviroil l)y fo;,'. 
 
 Ugamok pass, lictwecn r^'amolc itnd 'ri^'alda. is i|Mito l)loci<ciI 
 uj) with islets ami reel's and is impassable. 
 
 Tigalda island is hiiili and jn'omini'iu. with rounded liills 
 resemhlini? knuckles: it should mil lie approa(died within ;> miles, 
 as rocks are said lo extend fi'om it. especially from the sonlli-i'ast 
 l)oint. 
 
 Avatanak island. — The eastern end of this island is hiu'hest 
 and ends in a bold dill' : towards the wi'stern end, which is low, is a 
 pile of very prominetit rocks resembling a ruined castle. 
 
 Akun cove is lar^e and easy to approach ; heavy williwaws are 
 exj)erienced here. There is a jjreat i(Uantily of drift wo(jd on the 
 shore. In ]W^, there were red and blue foxi's on Akun island and a 
 few wild duck and eagles were seen, but no })tar)nigan. ^Middle 
 point is in latittnUi .'>4 17 N., loni^itude 1(1.')" IV.l W. ajjproximately. 
 
 Akutan island and volcano is agoo(l landmai'k both from JJering 
 sea and the P-'.citic. Tlie top of the volcano, which is at limes active, 
 is generally obscured by clouds, mist and smcdic. The lower 
 l)artR of this island are sometimes ( dear when I'nalaska is hidden by 
 fog and rain ; cape Morgan, tlu' >outh-west jioini, is very b(dd and ])re- 
 cipitous : a reef extends fi-om it, and tlure are three pinnacle rocks 
 about 2 cables off it. 
 
 Akutan harbour is about I miles long and one mile wide and 
 is a})]>arent!y free from dangers. Tlie water is detp, HI fathoms 
 having bec.i; found two cables from the head of the harbour iind 
 :iO to 'i') fathoms elsewhere. It is possible that there may be 
 shoaler water and suitable jilaces for am boring. The harbour gives 
 jji'otection from all winds, but it is said that the williwaws are 
 violent. There is a dei)ot of the Alaska ('oinmercial Company at a 
 village on the north shore. 
 
 Akun pass, between Akun and .\kutan islauds, is said to be f<uil. 
 It is hid(h'n when approaching from tli(> eastward liy a ^uulll high 
 island, ojiening fr<unthe souihwanl when jiasi thai island. 
 
 Akutan pass. — The islets in this pass are moderately high, with 
 many deiached pinnacle rocks above water. From a vessc 1 going 
 
 iVic chiirt. Xo. \.!<uO. au<l plan Akun cotp on .No. i,4."i4. 
 
 made 
 centrel 
 red eaj 
 lulls 1 
 
FOX ISLANDS PASSRS. 
 
 4ft 
 
 I'' ""■■■< isldii.l 
 
 f'lil.S of (J,e 
 
 i(o hlnvkv,l 
 
 |"''<''l hills 
 I'iii ;! miles, 
 
 SOIIlil-Cii.s, 
 
 inaw.s ;,iv 
 "' Oil tl„. 
 ""<! an, I H 
 
 Illliltolv. 
 
 M'« active, 
 
 '"hlvn liy 
 
 ' aiiil pj-i,. 
 •'(• rf.cK-s 
 
 ■ i'lc niKj 
 
 '•'"llOiliK 
 
 'in- and 
 nay bf 
 "■gives 
 ws ai'o 
 y a( a 
 
 ■ foul. 
 
 'li^li 
 
 widi 
 ■<'in'' 
 
 ilirouu'li in aLont tlio middle, no hottoni was obtained with the liand 
 lead, and althon^'h the wea was l)reakinf,' rij^ht acroHH, tlie wind 
 oljposing tin) tidal stream, no dangers were seen except the reef, 
 which extends for some distance ofl" cape Morgan. 
 
 Unalga island is comiiaratively low and is the last land to l)e 
 made when cniuiiif,' from the soutinvard. It has a low break in the 
 centre, giving it the appearance of two islands ; it is very green with 
 reil earth elin's. and show? \i]> well either against the fog or the dark 
 liills beyond. 
 
 Eg"g island, in about latitnch' M .Jl' N., longitude Kid'^ .V W., 
 is moderately higli, rather jagged on top and dark in colour. 
 There is a good i)assage between capr Hiorka ami Egg island, 
 with Xt fathoms water. 
 
 The Signals are two low liarren rocks, tliey are visible a con- 
 siderable distance. 'J'lie channel inside them is clear, with a de])th 
 of 10 fathoms. 
 
 Biorka island is the southern boundary of Heaver inlet, a deep 
 inlet ju.st to the west of the southern entrance to Unalga pa.ss. There 
 are several bays leading out of Beaver inlet affording fair 
 anchorage ; the watesr is deep, which i'e((uires anchoring near the 
 shore ; care should be taken not to anchor in the vicinity of sunken 
 rocks on the coast. The best anchorage is s.iid to be near the north 
 side of the inlet near its eastern entrance. 
 
 UNALGA PASS.— All the [loinls of Unalga island and Unalaska 
 island at Unalga i)ass have reefs of rock, visible above water, extend- 
 ing a short distance frcuu them. The dill's on the western side of 
 the pass are darl< and precipitous, ami a vessel passing through would 
 recognize them in a fi;g, liy a curious vein of bright red coltnir 
 which runs thiough them in a horizontal direction. 
 
 A course through the mid<l]o of the |>:iss is the most pi-udent one. 
 Isnglish ))ay to the south-west of Tnalga island is a good harbour. 
 
 In the middle of tiie jiass are (li'i)llis of '!'> to ',>'> fathoms between 
 I'nalga and Unalaska and deepei- water to the nortli-west and 
 south-t^ast. 
 
 Williwaws of great force are sometimes experienced in liie pass. 
 
 Tides. — It ajutears to be high water at about the same time as at 
 Captains bay. Sir i)age -liS. 
 
 »r chart. .No. l.ridO. 
 
46 
 
 Ai.F.rTiw isi.Axns. 
 
 Tidal streams. — Tlif stream runs t(» the south dniinp; tlie hilling' 
 ti(k^ iiiid to ilie :i<.iili tliii'iiiir the risinj? tuh'. It in prohubh' that the 
 soiuh-^'ohig Htfcaiii niiiH hjiij,'i'r ami witli gfoater Ktreiigth than the 
 north-going, as it is said tluit sovcrai vessels hove to in thiclc weather 
 in the Boring sea have lieen set through the jiiisseH into the Pacific 
 witliout l)eing aware of it. With each tidal stream, a lieavy race 
 exists at tlie spot, wliere tiie stream readies dee]) water after going 
 tiirougli tiie ])ass. Tills race is sometimes very hetwy, especially 
 when a gale has been l)lowing for a lengtii of time. 
 
 It is ilvisalile. if possil)le, to go through at or lu^iir slack water. 
 In the pass with a gale of wind and an o]i])osing stream, ipiite a sea 
 arises and presents an api)earaiice of hreakers. The rate of tlie 
 stream varies, but it has been found to I'un ti.'r knots an liour during 
 the whole of the tide, and tiie stream turned to tiie opjvjsite direction 
 at the same rate in 20 minutes. In II.^I.S. Ni/mp.'ir in \R'.K\, all 
 hatchways on ileck were obliged to be closed, as the v.'ater l)roke on 
 board in every direction with great force, and a speed of i) to 10 knots 
 was necessary to command the sliip. Captain Kvans of the 
 TT.S.S. Yorkfowii, says : " I .left Unalaska with a hard N.W. gale 
 blowing and a tremendous sea. Tn the jiass it was the grandest 
 thing I have evei- seen at sea, liut most uncomfortable. The sea 
 broke all ovci" the ship and as high as the top of the smoke stack. 
 The ship came tlirougli, but 1 did not want any more of it." 
 
 UNALASKA ISLAND.— Captains bay.— (-ape Kalekhta, in 
 latitude T)!'^ 1 N., longitude Ktli "i T W., has a shoal extending to the 
 northwaril from it and should be given a bertii of 1^, miles. 
 
 Priest rock is a high pinnacle and an excellent marlc, Imt it does 
 not open when coming from the southward till it bears about W.S.W. 
 and it is sometimes dillicult to distinguish from the cliff liehind it 
 when not open. There is a somewhat similar rock off Mrskine point, 
 about 3 miles to the eastwar;!, which must not lie mistaken for 
 Priest rock. 
 
 Wlieii coming from the eastward, Priest rock and tlie coast line to 
 the southward are in line, the shoals and rocks off ea])e Kalekhta are 
 cleared, but it is ailvisal)le not to liaiil into tlie bay until the south 
 side of Summer bay is open of tlie soutli iiead of Constantine bay. 
 
 The cascade to the southward of cajjc Cheerful is a conspicuous 
 mark and particularly useful in thick weather when only the lower 
 parts of tlie land can bo seen. Approaching cape Choerful from the 
 
 northwail 
 
 Us vicini^ 
 
 Betwoj 
 
 ^jiit on tl 
 
 tioundinj 
 
 water Ul 
 
 ward of 
 
 .sv,- chart. Xn, l.'iOO. nnrt plans, r'aptaiiis liiiv aiul Iliuliuk hnrlionr. on Xo. 1.4."); 
 
ITNAI.AHK A .— CAl'TAINS IIAV. 
 
 r "'lit tiio 
 
 I"' IV'ido 
 
 f'MJH'ciiilly 
 
 iiorthwiird or woHtwunl, ullowiiuci' hIiouIiI Ite iiiiide for a cin'ronl in 
 itH vicinity of about ,'„ knot an liour to tlie eaHt.ward. 
 
 lii'tweon l'innael(! rock, at the Hoiith side of Summer l)ay, and the 
 npit on the cuHt Hide of Dutch harbour, there in a ridj^e of irregular 
 t^nundinf^'s extendiup across tlie bay, on whicii tiiere may be less 
 water than shown on the charts. The deispest Avater is to the east- 
 ward of the middle line of the liay. 
 
 Amaknak island. — 'J"he north end of this island is like a 
 pyramid with the top cut oil', and is very j-eniarkable when entering,' 
 the bay. 
 
 DUTCH HARBOUR.— Beacon.— Tiiere is a white wooden 
 beacon, If) feet hij,'h, on Spithead : it is td' lattice work iji the form 
 of a triaiifjular pyramid. 
 
 Buoy. — A l)lack spar buoy is moored at the north eml of the shord 
 extending from Rocky j)oint. 
 
 Jetty. — A jetty ;')()(» feet long and 200 feet across the T end, with 
 dei>tliK of 21 to 28 feet at its outer end, and IS to 2') feet on the 
 inside of the T (where there is room for a small vessel to coal), has 
 b(>cn constructed on the south si<le of Dutch harbour. Large ships 
 can lie iit the outer (;nd. 
 
 There are several buildings at the inner end of the jetty, the 
 store houses and coal depot of the North American Commercial 
 Company. 
 
 Supplies, — Coal in considerable quantities can be obtained at 
 .*'10*20 per ton. The stock is usually about ],00i) tons. It can be 
 l)Ut on b<iard a vessel lying alongsiile the jetty at the rate of :500 tons 
 a da} . 
 
 Water can be obtained from an iron i)ipe at the wharf at the price 
 of ^ cent per gallon ; it comes from a small lake on Amaknak 
 island. 
 
 No fresh provisions can be obtained, though there is a good store 
 belonging to the North Anu^rican Commercial Company. 
 
 The l)eBt place for seining in the harbour is in Summer bay 
 where a party can ensure a good catch of salmon. 
 
 Communication. — A snudl steamei' runs between Sitka and 
 I'nalaska, and l(>aves Dutch harl)our monthly from April to October 
 inclusive. This steamer connects at Sitka with the I'acilic Coast 
 
 iVp chart, ^'o. l.l.")7. 
 
48 
 
 AI.MI'TIA.N ISLANDS. 
 
 Htfamship f'(itiii):iny'H Htfuiiifrs. 'I'hc Aluxkii rommprcial r'()mi>nny 
 luivc also ii slcumt'r riumiiiH' to pdrt TowiiHonil iind Sun Friiiiciscd 
 (liiriiij,' lliL' Hcasoii. 
 
 Directions. — Kntciiii^' tlic liai'lumr, rouiid Spitlusul at a diHtunci' 
 of lot) yards and anclidr in l(i latlionis oil' tlic ji'tty. TIh^ Ix-st 
 anchomiu'c in all wcatluTH is nearer llir wcsicrn hIkh'i' of tin; buy. 
 and nearly o])]>(i.siti' Siiilin'ad. 
 
 In the liay onlsidi' the best aneliora>,'P Ih about 2 eables to tin- 
 northward of the I'oeky islets at the entrance to lliiilink harbour. 
 
 Iliuliuk harbour.— Buoys.— A red spar buoy iniirkH the 
 eastern end of a shoal oil the eastern rocky islet at tho entraneo to 
 Iliuliuk harbour, ami an iron barrel buoy about 15(1 yards southward 
 of the sjiar buoy marks a IVf fathom patch. These buoys 
 maintaine(l by the Alaska Pommereial Company. 
 
 Goal can be obtained in Iliuliuk hai'bour. liut not in such quantity 
 or with Huch facility as in Dutch harbour. Tho usual stock is about 
 4(M) terns. 
 
 Position. — The observation si)ot. Iliuliuk harbour, is in latitude 
 
 ."/v :>■: .•)] N., ic.i; ;u u \v. 
 
 Water can be obtained at the wharf, aiul boats can water on 
 Aniaknak ishmd opposite the wharf. 
 
 Anchorage. — in Iliuliuk harlionr the only anc}ioraj,'o is in the 
 middle of the liarbour in line with the south side of tho wharf. 
 Althoufifh this is yood holding' i,'round ami landlocked, in bad 
 weather the squalls come down from the hi;,di land with such force 
 and such chan.L,'es in direction as to be danfjeroiis, and it is I'ccom- 
 mendod on indications of a cominj,' lilow that a vessel sliould shift 
 into the outer liarbour, whore there is room to veer sullicient cable 
 to enable her to ride in safety, as unless motu'cd there is but little 
 room in llitiliidc harbour. Williwaws are frequent in this locality 
 and rentier tlio anchoraf,'es very uncomfortable. 
 
 Landing". — There is landinir for bnats on Itoth sides of tlu; wharf 
 in Iliuliuk harl)our, but the w.iter is slioal on tlie north side. 
 
 Tides and tidal streams.— .\t Captains bay it is high water, 
 full and chan,<,'e, (moan establishment), at ;U). r)Om. Tho terms sjirin-^ 
 and neap rise cannot be used. The extreme range of title is "i feet ; 
 
 Srr chart. No. 1.4B7. 
 
Il.lUMUK AM) CHICItNOKKSKI H A IlllOlllS. 
 
 49 
 
 ■■'' ''">n)»aiiy 
 I" '•'rfuici.sco 
 
 '^"ijf l)('.S( 
 
 I "f til,. I„i3 _ 
 
 |l'I<'.s to ,1,,. 
 lil?'l)(JII,. 
 
 |"iiirkH the 
 
 ''ItflllU'O t„ 
 
 «" 1 1 Hi ward 
 
 '•IIOVS 
 
 " fj 11,111 tity 
 ^ IN aljoiit 
 
 » )iiliti,(|(. 
 
 ^valci- on 
 
 '••^ ill til," 
 e wliarf. 
 
 •" had 
 ^'h force 
 
 '■t'C'oni- 
 'J'l shift 
 
 It C!lI)If. 
 
 " littlu 
 locaJity 
 
 wJiarf 
 
 ;iV(>raf,'o raiiffo 2 t'fct "i iiiclies ; tlio (liiiniitl f*i|iiiility "ih Hoinntiiiies 
 i'l ffi't 'J iuchea. Tlic ti'l;il si ream in Diili'li liarlioiir doct.s not oxcooil 
 liiilf a knot an hour ami in Uiuliuk liarbonr ono knot. Tho wind 
 (UifH not cauBe any incri'iisi' in lioi^'iil of tide, und lias lilllf, it' any, 
 fll't'C't on tho tiilal Htrcanis. 
 
 WislOW island is a simdl round island witli a K'reiMi top 
 siliiatcd in a hay aliout '.' niilu.s westward of caj)!' (Jiieerful, it in a 
 r(]iis|)ieuoiiH and UHet'nl mark. 
 
 'I'iiree mik'H to the westward of Wislow irtiaiid ia ii remarkablo 
 sqiiaro-Hhaped roek ealled tiie Irishman's liat. 
 
 Cape Gattan, 11, miles northward of Volcano hay, is a rounded 
 liillock 400 feet hi^di ; it aiipcars like an island and i.s very 
 rcinarkablo. 
 
 Makushin bay.— Gooil anehnrafjre can be olitained in th'3 firHt 
 inlet on the north hide of Makushiii hay, oil' tht^ villaf(e, which 
 consiHtfl of a church, five wooden hou.se.s and Home noil liutH. Anchor 
 with the church, a white buildinjir, bearing West and a hiyh detached 
 rock, named Priest rock, S.W. by S. (S. W W.) in 14 fathoms. A 
 small river runs into the sea a quarter of a mile eastward of the 
 village and a shoal, with a depth of If) feet on it, extends a cable 
 from the shore olf the mouth of the river. A quarter of a mile 
 inside Priest roek a rocky ledge runs mit in a S.S.K. direction for 
 about one cable, terminating in a small rock above water. 
 
 Off the north entrance jioint of the bay, there is 'a rocky islet 
 ■?() feet high, Ij miles from the shore in a south-west direction anil 
 between it and the shore are several iiinnacle rocks above water. 
 
 Chernoflski harbour. — (."hernoll'ski village, a station of the 
 Alaska Commercial Company, in latitude .Oli" 2C)' N., longitude 
 lt!7^ A2' W., is situated on the shingle isthmus at the northern 
 end of the harbour and consists of a church which is a white 
 building with a red roof, three storehouses and about a dozen 
 huts. There are no resources wliatever. Water may be obtained in 
 abundance, but with dilTiculty, by boats at the mouth of the shallow 
 creek in the southern part of the bay. There are no trees. Firewood 
 is scanty, obtained from driftwood thrown upon the beach. In ISDiJ, 
 II. M.S. Champion obtained some poultry here, there were plenty 
 of ptarmigan and some wild duck, also some salnntn and trout 
 were good and abundant. There were no salt water Gsh in the 
 
 Srr chart, No. 1,500, and plan, Cheraoffski hoibour on No. 1,454. 
 SO 11803 D 
 

 
 Al.KUTIAN ::-;!,ANI)S. 
 
 hai'bour, but one mile at sea they were plentiful. The usual laniliiiL; 
 is en the lieae'), ")() yards eastward nf tjie llaystai!'. 
 
 The eiiiranee to lli'' liai-hour Is a narrow tdianael, formed by low 
 promontories, which towards the si'a are ru^'irt'd and bare, ami 
 towards 1 lie I'lilrance partly siuooih ami grassy. Tiiere are sexcral 
 detaeh'jd rocks oil the entrance points showin;,' aliove water. About 
 half a mile westward of the churcli, tiiere is a wide, deep cut througii 
 the promontory, visible from seaward, The eastern side of the 
 anchorage is forine(l by lii<.;]i hills, wliieh ascend lo the mountains of 
 the interior, it trends for over a mile from the villa.L;e in a soutli- 
 easteily direction to a jioint where there is low, marshy ground. 
 
 At the extreme sonihern part of the hai'bour is a shallow bay into 
 "which a small creek empties, draining a numiier of laki-s of a deeii 
 valley. From die western sidi' of this valley ihe land is iiigh, 
 trending in a north-westerly direction three (piarters of a mile to a 
 bai'e sliingle point, thence the land trends in a westerly direction to a 
 Binall bay and from this bay in a north-west direeti(ui to West poiiu 
 at the euiranee. This is a most e.xi-ellent anchorage and tiiere is 
 room for a large numb r of sliips to lie at anelicir ; it is sheltered 
 from all winds. 
 
 Umnd 
 
 tlu'eUL;li 
 ;',t)ti feet 
 tiiere al'l 
 
 Directions. — Ajiproaehinir from the north oi- eastward make 
 cape Xeil .Juan, a liiuh liil I promontory with projecting: pinnacle 
 rocks, aliont i) miles to the iioi'th-easl of Clvrnolfski church, 'i'lu'n 
 keep the coast aboard till the church, which is conspicuous, is seen, 
 when ih.e enti'ance to ilie harbour will I'eadily be made out. The 
 deep cui in the eliir also well mai'kstlie localiiy. Kouinl I'last jioint 
 at a dis'aiice of not less than a i(Uarter of a mile and ])roeeed 
 aliout J'l.S.K. through ilie middle of the channel into Ihe hai-l>our. 
 Kouiid Observatory point, the low shingle exiremiiy of lliei'astern 
 ])romontorv. at a distance of about one cable and auidior in 10 to 
 .12 fathoms, mud, in mid-channel, midway between Observatory 
 Jioint ami the clnindi. 
 
 Tide. — There i.s an apjiroximate rise of 7 feet at .-eajis. 
 
 Unalaska, S.W. and South coasts.— About ."» miles inland 
 
 from the S(nith-wesi end ol' I'nala^ka is a simde conieal jjeak about 
 2,('li() feet high, which is I'einailiable as the land in the vicinity is 
 comiiaratively low. 
 
 >■('(■ ol)Hrt9. .Vos. l.riiiuand Mni. 
 
nor!OSf,OFI' TSLAXDS.— TM NA K 
 
 ')1 
 
 I'-^i'iillaihli, 
 
 l'10({ by j,,^^. 
 
 '>;ii-c, 
 
 an^ 
 
 f"-''-- AIh„ii 
 
 h'lU' of (iie 
 MJiilltiuiiM of 
 '» a s.MUl). 
 |i'<niiii|. 
 
 '\\- l),-iy in(„ 
 
 "' '■« high, 
 '' "liio to u 
 •fi-tioii (Oil 
 
 '"•<l m;iK-.. 
 ' ?)iiiiiiic|,. 
 •-''• Tlu.„ 
 '"^i is scoii, 
 '". TJi., 
 ''•■^I Jtoiiil 
 |iroc(.,.,| 
 'i.irlfoiir. 
 
 in 10 to 
 "'Viitory 
 
 inJand 
 
 iibinit 
 
 iiity is 
 
 The Houth coast i f Tliialaska islaiul extonds smnr miles further 
 smith than shown on thi' cliartsat jin'sent (F('l)fii;u'y IS'.i.")) ami siionM 
 Ijf a))i)roac]u'd with m.ich caution. 
 
 Uinnak pas':. — A ij-ood view was ohtaincil \'v(niil[.M.f>.f.'li'niij)ion 
 t]u'('U;^h this pass ; ii aiiiicaieu to 1m' t-lca!- with an island about 
 IKHM'i'et liigh in the north • nlran<i'. It is huwcvur. ivjiorti'd that 
 tlipft' are rocks at thr smith "■ntraiuc to the pass. 
 
 BogOSloff islands.— Those are two islands, both about 800 feet 
 iiiuli, lyinir in a north-west and south-east direction from each 
 oilier, 1] miles apart witii shoal water between them. New iioKosloH' 
 ithe northern islaufl) s si(uare in shape, volunies of steam issue 
 fi'oni it, and the water is disturbed on its eastern side. Old Ho^'osloll' 
 is ajiparently not active. laii,'e numbers of sea li(»ns assemble on it. 
 On the i^ast side of thesi- islands, shoal oi' discoloured water extends 
 about 11, miles from liioni. In ISS'J an erupiion occurred which 
 consiilerably altered the shape of Xcw lio^or-loll'. 
 
 The proximity of these islands, while hiildcii in dense fog, has 
 lie(!n iletected when several miles to leeward of IIhuii i>y a smell of 
 sulphur and guauo. The birds in this vicinity ai'e numerous. It is 
 i-eported ( IS'.l.j) tiiai Hogoslolf is now only one-third of its original 
 lieight 
 
 UMNAK ISLAND. — The north-west extreme of Umnak 
 island terminates in a long low point. The iiortii coast of Umnak 
 island slKUild be approached wilii much caution ; the south-west 
 extremity of the island and the coast westward of >sikolski should 
 lie avoided. 
 
 Vsevidoll' volcano, in laliiudi ."t."i" I' N., lougitu<U' ItiS ;')! \X., i,s 
 l,'!'.')*] feel in lieight ; it is a mios\ -co\ c red cone slopir.g lo the sea 
 from north to south-west. There are no nnuintains > the island 
 south of it. 
 
 Ik'tween Adugagh island and the northern side ot the south-west 
 jiart of L'mnak there are numerous outlying reefs, ami the tidal 
 sti'eanis are strong. 
 
 Nikolski. — Tliere is landing at Nikolski on a shingle beach 
 inside the reef, the boat jiassage is to the riulil of ihe I'cef and there 
 is a sunken rock, with a litile lloaling Ki'lji on it. in the chaiuud. 
 The church open of a yellow roofed house and midway between 
 ,h( house and the right point of the reef leads in clear of the rock. 
 
 titr ohart, No. I,r.(i0. 
 
 SO 11811.'? 
 
 n i 
 
55? 
 
 ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. 
 
 Tlie outlj'ing island is about 5 miles northward IVoin Nikolski 
 and al)()nt 1 ] tnilvH oil' shore ; it is about 1(H) IVct hii^h, and 1:{ niik's 
 long nortli-cast and south-west. 
 
 The south-west extreme of iliis island is in latitude 52° 05' \., 
 longitude 1(58^ 4.")' W. 'L'he passaire Ijetweeu this island and Uninak 
 is foul. 
 
 There is ane]ioiMu;o about S E. { K. (S. 48^ E.) 4 miles from the 
 south-west extremity of the olf-lyinj,' i.sland. 
 
 Samalgra island is low and sandy. The ehannel between it and 
 Umnak appears dangerous. 
 
 Islands of Four Mountains.— This group eonsists of five islands, 
 instead of four as hitherto supposed, the fifth being a volcano 5,21)0 feet 
 in height and about 5 miles to the southwest of Chudinadak island. 
 
 A reef, wlileh breaks heavily, extends 1.', miles south-eastward 
 from the south-east point of Chudinadak islaml ; this is tin.' only 
 known danger in the grouj), and the passes between the islands 
 appear to be safe. 
 
 Anchorage has been obtained on the oast side of Chuilinadak 
 island. 
 
 The'lidal streams are strong; a stream I'unniiig to the south-wi'st 
 at a rate of about 5 knots an hour has been experienced oil the reel' 
 at tlie souiii-east point of Clnidinailak' island. 
 
 Chudinadiik rises to an elevation of S^.-fl) feil. 
 
 Yunaska island. —'I'his island is eharti'il I or .") miles north and 
 and west of its positi(>ii. The north-west exireiiie of the ishiinl is 
 in lat. 52^:57 N., long. ITil WV W. 
 
 Amukta island. — Thei'e is a high rock about one mile south- 
 ward of this island. 
 
 Siguam island. — Iloeks ;ind discoloureil water extend for 
 1^ miles off the east and west emls of this island. 
 
 Western Aleutian islands.— Caution.— Mariners are warned 
 
 that the positions of many of these islands, as placed on the charts, 
 are open to (juestion. 
 
 Atka Island.— Nazan bay.— ISomelK,! island in this hay is very 
 high, and the rocks north of it are from (ill to Til) feet higli. 
 
 It is high svater, full aid change, in Xazaii bay at It'll. .'5(hn., aiul 
 there is one tide in 21 hours. 
 
 There 
 Atka audi 
 Th>' v] 
 Aniat| 
 
 SOUtll of 
 
 ■S' chartH, Nos, l,"iOiliuiil l.."iO|. Siifuivrn islivirl lu Alt-il ishunl. with plans. 
 
RAT ISLANDS. — AGATTU ISLAND. 
 
 •>.3 
 
 p NikoJ.ski 
 
 J-'^ '>r>' X., 
 
 H riaiiak 
 'from the 
 pC" it and 
 
 ''*' isliiii(l,s, 
 '» A'! 'I I fee, 
 ''"' iHljiiid. 
 ■'■^'•-^twanl 
 "k' only 
 •' i.-^JltlKlH 
 
 '''iiiadak 
 
 l"il-\v,.,s( 
 /lie !•(■(./• 
 
 '•''i una 
 
 'lilMil is 
 NOlUll- 
 
 'I /'or 
 
 iini(>.| 
 'larls, 
 
 very 
 
 and 
 
 'I'hcro in j^ood lisliin^ in tlic hay, and alwo in tht! pasH between 
 Atka and Anilia islands. 
 
 'I'lio i)ass ))ct\vc'en Atka anil Anilia islands is safe in mid-channel. 
 
 Amatig-nak island. — This island is reported to be 4 miles 
 
 smith (if its ]ii)sitioii on the ehart. 
 
 Rat islands. — A reef with kcl)) on it, and on whieli the sea 
 broke, has Ijeen reported between Kyska and Chugal islands in 
 approximately lat. 52° 8^' N., long. 177° 52' E. 
 
 Near islands.— Attn island.— A dangerous sunken ruck, 
 Willi 2^ fiithonis on it, lies in the fairway of Chichagoff harbour 
 entrance, with the llagstall' and Range jioinr in line, and distant 
 about l,'-,, miles from the ilagstalf. And two roeks, with ih'pths of 
 i'l and 2J, fathoms over them lie close together with Pisa tower 
 rock S.K. (S.4i° E.) H cables. 
 
 Good fresh water is to be obtainetl here. 
 
 Agattu island,— There is anchorage in westerly winds in 
 McDonald bay at the I'astern end of (ids island, and the ! Hawing 
 ilirections are given when ajipi'oaehing the buy from the northward. 
 With North-east cape bearing SAV. I, W. (S. 51" W -lant ',] miles, 
 steer S.S.W. (S. 22° W.) until the cape bears W.N.,. ". I'J^ W.), 
 then steerS.AV. I.a W. :| W. (S. 05" W.) for Monolith point. Anclmi 
 with Cone jieak betiring X.W. (X. i'f W.) in 15 fathoms, r^MU ly 
 bottom, iiboiit half a mile off shore. North-east cape is in 
 hit. 52° 2G' N., long. 173" 30 E. approximately. 
 
 PKlBILOFr ISLANDS. 
 
 Variation in 181)5. 
 
 St Paul - - - ](;;{()' E. 
 
 Otter island is high and eliify at its west eiul, sloping gradu- 
 ally to its east end on which there are two sm.ill craters. Foul 
 ground extends to about threi' (jutirters of a mile around the island, 
 to the southward, south-westward, tind north-westward. The north 
 side from ("rater point Noith-west reef is clear of dangers. 
 
 I'robalily tlie liest iinciior'.i.ge near the island is in 'Jlj fathoms, black 
 siind and broken shells, with the north-east extreme of Crater point 
 bearing S. by E. (S. U' E.) distant about half a mile. This ishuid 
 must be tipproaehed with gretit caution in thick weather. 
 
 I've [ilariM. (liicliiiK'iir imrlioiir .iiid SU'Doiialil luiy un No. I,."i01, ami I'liljilolf 
 HlamlH. with plHii. Enjjlisli l)av on No. I.tj't. 
 
54 
 
 PHIBILOKP ISLANDS. 
 
 I'artM (if this and Walrus islands are cdvcrod wiiii sea birds iu the 
 brot'ding season, and ai tlic jn'iiiicr time a ph'niit'ul supply of cg^'s 
 may bo obtained. 
 
 St. Paul island. — When .•rpi)roaching St. Paul from the 
 westward, somo I'euiarkabic whiti' patches on the dill's just 
 to the eastward of S.W. point are i^xeellent marks in misty weather; 
 from the noilhward. the double-peaked hill at the east end of the 
 island, with N.E. puint stretching away very low, is easily recognised. 
 
 The south end of St. Paul should be avoided during fog. 
 
 Stony point* is a dangerous ledge of rocks. 
 
 The rocks ofi' Sea lion neck should be given a good berth. The 
 dangerous reef north of Ilntoliinson hill, the N.K. ])oint of thi' 
 island, consists of two rocks marked by kelp. TheiH- are .{[i fathoms 
 ■>ii t'le outer rock and l) fathoms on the inner. The outer ])atch is 
 a little less than one mile X. by \V. I W. (X. 17'- W.) from the coast 
 of Hutchinson hill. There are depths of I, .") and (i.^ fathoms close 
 in to the shore, with 7,\, '•• and \'.\ fathoms midway between the 
 rocks and the shore. Witli a moderate swell the sea lireaks over 
 these rocks anil oil X.!']. jioint for a short distance. 
 
 Off Nortli hill, ,1 sluial extends aliout a (quarter of a mile to the 
 ujrlhward, the depths gradually increasing to 1, ."> and li^ fathoms at 
 lue distance of one mile from liic siiore. A rocky patch, with 
 7 fathoms water on it and ;• to ]',\ fathoms around, lies with 
 Hutchinson hill bearing X.K. liy K. | K (X. (i.')' K.) distant 
 ;5;V miles. There may be less water on the shoal, as the locality was 
 not fiUly examined. 
 
 Anchorage. —The usual anchorage at this island is off the west 
 side of Hecf point, and there is also anchorage on theeast sideolT Black 
 blull's. Kroni the anchorage on the west siile the village is hidden, 
 Ijut thi^'e is a llngstall' on the top of the hill overlooking tlie bay ; 
 from the lihiclc blull's anchorages tln^ villagi' is in full view, and 
 there is another Ihigslalf, the lower of the two, on this side. If a 
 vessel is seen a])pvoaching, the United Stat' ■ ensign is hoisteil on 
 tiie lltigstair on the side on which she ought lo anchor, and the ensign 
 is kept tlyim; if laniling is safe, but liaiilel mwu if it is not safe. 
 
 is kept tlyim; if lamling is 
 
 Vessels of medium dratight are said lo ride easier olV the south 
 Luekannon l)ay in rough weathei' than olf ]')lack bluffs, 
 
 ' Tliis iiiiiin' in nut on H»' clwirts. 
 .S r cliartr^, .Nil. I,."iOl ami Nu. l,l.")l, 
 
 side of 
 
ST. PAUL AND WAI.UUS ISl.AXDS. 
 
 55 
 
 [""rf's in rli,. 
 I'iy of vg.. 
 
 from the 
 
 Ifli/l'.s 
 
 JIINI 
 
 P' Wcatllfl' ; 
 
 jmid of tJi,. 
 refo^'uitjed. 
 
 '•til. Tlu. 
 iiif of (ii,. 
 ■J '"■■ithoin.s 
 ' patch is 
 'J'« coast 
 "»« cJos(. 
 ''Vvmi the 
 -<'ilv« o\or 
 
 lo to the 
 ihoijistit 
 •''. with 
 ^•« with 
 <li«tajit 
 ''ty was 
 
 K' West 
 'l^laek 
 i(hlon, 
 
 , iinr? 
 If a 
 'I oil 
 isign 
 
 iiit/i 
 
 VeHsels Hhoukl not attempt to ride out a yalo at anchor near the 
 islands, unieHS to leeward and well slieltered. 
 
 Landing". — In Villa<,'e cove, the landing place on the west side, 
 a l>ar <'xiends across the entrance which I)reaks iinexi)ectedly, and is 
 ilangeroiis for hoats. 
 
 'Die Mast landing is a small cntting in liie roeks, close to a boat 
 liouse, which is the only house near the i)each : with westeidy 
 winds landing here is easy. 
 
 It is said that a landing can l)c made at the head of the cove on 
 the south side of Lukannon bay, when imju'acticable at Hlack blulFs 
 or Village cove. The su7'f is apt to make (juickly and is usually 
 dangerous on the weather side of the island. 
 
 Village. — The village consists of a nundier of small wooden 
 liouses, ])ainted white with dark roofs, for the natives, there is a 
 church, also several larger building's for the ollicers of the North 
 American Commercial Company (^who in hS'.ll o!>taiiu'd a lease of 
 the Pribiloff seals for "20 years), storehouses, itc. There were about 
 ;$00 inhabitants in lS<.t;!. 
 
 Seals.— l^'cf point, in latitude iu C IV) N., longitude 170° 20' W., 
 a])proximately. is one of the large rookeries and no unnecessary noise, 
 su(di as firing guns, sliould le made on account of frightening the 
 seals ; a small amount of the steam whistle iloes not seem to disturb 
 them. 
 
 Currents. — 'J'he currenis abom tSt. Taul island are very strong 
 vind uncertain. 
 
 Tidal streams.— AroumI St. I'aul island the Hood tidal stream 
 sets to the eastward and the ebb to the westward, following the 
 trend of the shore. Its rate at the surface is 2! knots an hour at 
 springs, and one knot at neaps. Below the surface its rate is much 
 greater. The tides <md tidal streams are greatly influenced by the 
 winds. 
 
 Walrus island is very low and a liad place to make in a fog. A 
 reef, on wliich tiie sea breaks, extends about a (juarler of a mile 
 south from the south poii\t of the island. The east side appears to 
 be steei)-to, but rocks, awash and under water, extend about IdO yards 
 to the northward and north-west wai'd of the island. 
 
 In sniiiolh water landing on this island is not dillicult. 
 
 .Vrchurtu, No. 1.5UI uiul No. I.4.VI. 
 
56 
 
 PRIBILOPF ISLANDS. 
 
 St. George island. — Vessels should not approach St. GeorKt; 
 island to less than 12 fathoms of water. 
 
 Dalnoi point is a precipitous cliff. 
 
 A reef extends about a ([uarter of a mile oif -shore to tlie soutlnvanl 
 of the anchorage in Zapadnie hay. 
 
 The anchorage in Zapailuie l)ay ad'ords good shelter from E.N.lv 
 winds. At North anchorage a red house on thi> beach in line with 
 the flagstaff leads to the anchorage. 
 
 Landing is on the oix'n beach, and at the North anchorage is much 
 interfered with by kelp. It should not be attemptctl there e.\:cept 
 the sea is smooth ami the wind olf-shoro. A flag is shown from the 
 flagstaff when landing is possible. 
 
 The U.S.S. Conrnrd anchored in 17 fatlioms water, fine yellow 
 sand bottom, with Tolstoi point bearing S.W. by W. i W. (S. (5(? W.), 
 distant 7^ miles. 
 
 Tides.— It is high water, full and change, at .')h. 4'.tm. approxi- 
 mately ; rise '^ feet. 
 
 Tidal streams.— The streaui sets to the ei'stward during the 
 rising tide and to the westward during the falling tide, with a 
 maximum raii of 2h knots. 
 
 S.K. iii^'i 
 lis the V)| 
 
 With 
 ,,( tlie iti 
 St. Ml 
 tlie iv>i-| 
 
 fl'OUl ui| 
 
 Tbei 
 large i\ 
 
 TUel 
 
 lU-ifli^ 
 
 small 
 
 TUere| 
 
 The 
 
 In 
 
 betw>| 
 
 snniiJ 
 
 the M 
 
 and 
 
 alm*^ 
 
 ST. MATTHIOW AND AD.TACJ]NT ISLANDS. 
 
 Vaiuation" in i.S'.ta. 
 St. Matthew island - - - LVMd' E. 
 
 St. Matthew island. — From the southward and south-east it is 
 well to make ca])e Ui)right, in latitude OO' IS' N., longitude 172' V W., 
 which is high and vertical ; off the cape is a detached rock about 
 2') feet high. The land in the immediate vicinity of cape Upright is 
 bighand mountainous, to the westward of it is a low neck apparently 
 of sand. 
 
 On the north side of the island, there is anchorage, with Sugar loaf 
 jjcak bearing about S.S.W., in a bight to the westwanl of some 
 outlying rocks, lO feet above water, which should not be approached 
 closely. This anchorage is protected from southerly Avinds between 
 
 Nr cliail, No. 1 l."il. with {iliin uf St. Matthew island. 
 
ST. MATTHEW AND ADJACENT ISLANDS, 
 
 57 
 
 H. G 
 
 leori'o 
 
 wiitlnviird 
 
 |'"i K.N.K. 
 line wi/j, 
 
 I' is miicli 
 
 <' yellow 
 
 <'■''■'■ W.), 
 
 "i'pro.vi- 
 
 •"1^' the 
 with it 
 
 S.!'!. and S.W. Landing; is somewliat diflicult witli aiij «weli at all, 
 as the beach is rather steep and of large stones. 
 
 With northerly winds ancliora<,'0 can be obtained on the south .side 
 of tiie island. 
 
 St. Matthew island is i)articularly surrounded with heavj- ice from 
 the north, and probably from the east and west, as the winds prevail 
 iVoni one (juarter or the other. 
 
 There is abundance of fresh water on the island, both streams and 
 large fresh water lakes. 
 
 Tlie polar bears have been all shot, but a few may be brought by 
 drifting ice stranding on the island ; in LSI);} there were plenty of 
 small blue foxes, aiid a few Alaska snipe ; wild duck were scax'ce. 
 There were no fur seals, but a tew liair seals and sea-lions. 
 
 There are no permanent inhabitants. 
 
 In tiie latter i)art of .June 1(S81I, the temperature of the air was 
 betw(>en IV.V and il\ the temperature of the sea being l}')*^. The 
 summits of the hills were constantly enveloped in fog and mist, and 
 the whole aspect cheerless and inhospitable, the wind being strong 
 and the air damp ami I'aw. From various accounts, Ihe island is 
 almost constantly enveloped in fog. 
 
 t it is 
 f W., 
 
 ibouf 
 Jit is 
 
 miy 
 
 loaf 
 )ni(' 
 led 
 'eu 
 
 Tides. — It is high water, full and change, at 5h. ;50m. approxi- 
 mately. The range of the tide is about 4 feet. 
 
 Tidal streams.— The flood stream sets to the eastward, and the 
 ebb to the westward, at a rate of one to 2J, knots. Great caution 
 is necessary wiien navigating in this vicinity in thick weather, 
 especially when i)assing SarychefT strait, owing to the strong tidal 
 streams. 
 
 Sarycheff strait is said to be clear, but the rocks on cither side 
 are very nasty looking. ■ 
 
 Hall island. — Tiiere is anchorage on the east siile of this island 
 in the bight near the ruins. 
 
 Guillemots and other sea birds are very numerous. 
 
 Pinnacle island presents, from tlie eastward, the a])pcarance of 
 two high rounded hills, with small j)innacle rocks otf the north eml. 
 
 St chart. No. I,l.">l. 
 
58 
 
 ALASKA. 
 
 NUNIVAK ISLAND. 
 
 Vaiuatiox in KS'.I.'). 
 
 Cape Etolii) - - - 11)° E. 
 
 Nunivak island. — TIutc is ancliom^'e ill ail open bay on tlic 
 Kdutli-wt'St .side of this island. It is iipparciitly clear of 'laii^'cr, tlu' 
 water shoaliu;; fruiu 1") fathoms aliout '.) luik's oil shon; to ti fathoms 
 at thrue-(piartors of a mile oil", with a sandy bottom. Landing may 
 be effected in a small stream running from a lagoon to the sea, but it 
 is exposed and awkward. Tliere are two or three huts, where some 
 natives live, about half a mile up the stream. 
 
 At the anchorage at cape Etoliu small craft should aiudior close in 
 to avoiil the sea produced by the tidal stream in Et'olin strait. 
 
 The observation sjiot at cape Etoliii is in latitude (JU' 2:*' 22" X., 
 longitude h'>(\° 8' 28" W. 
 
 The following shoals are reported : — Shoal water (U to 9 fathoms) 
 extending from 12 to l.j miles off the west coast of the island. 
 
 A shoal, about 3 miles long, with 10 feet of water on it, about 
 5 miles from the north-west side of the island. 
 
 Breakers t) or 7 miles from tlie south extrt'iiie of (he islaiui. 
 
 A shoal, with 12 fathoms water on it, about 12 miles so'Mi of the 
 principal peak of the island. (Thv captain of tiie trading vessel 
 reporting this shoal is of opinion that this shoal extends to the north- 
 west along the coast of the island.) 
 
 ("iiuailai 
 vviuler t| 
 
 Coun'''^"| 
 small w 
 
 ,.i,^i,lenl 
 Smalj 
 
 Ht. >l'l 
 of tin- 
 of f'O 111 
 Stca 
 trips d 
 geuen 
 lit an 
 
 ALASKA. 
 Vautation in 1S9.J, 
 I'ort Clarence - - - 2L E 
 NORTON SOUND.— St. Michael's, in al)<)m latitu.h' 
 
 (i;{^ 2<S N., loiigitudr' it;2 ;V W., is the most northerly settlement 
 and trading post of tlie Alaska Commercial Company; it is the 
 outlet of the Yukon trade and also t\w source of supplies for 
 the country bordering upon the Yukon river and its many 
 tributaries, reaching, in this way, a portion of the Dominion of 
 
 .N''v chart. No. 2.11)0. uml iilmi of capii Kluliii aMoliorivtro on No. I.t.")7, 
 
NORTON SOUND. 
 
 59 
 
 «y on tli(! 
 laii^r,.,.^ tJu' 
 
 <> futhdiii.s 
 'ling may 
 st'ii, but it 
 hero some 
 
 'I' close in 
 
 it. 
 
 ;V 22" x 
 
 fathoms) 
 <l. 
 
 it, about 
 
 1 of tJie 
 ? vessel 
 e uortJi- 
 
 The Hettlement fonBiKts in 
 Canada, west of the Hocky ";":;;;;:;"^;,,,, ...he AlasUaComuuTcial 
 .inter time, uHheomces ana. .- ^^.^^ ^^^^^^^^^^.^ ^^^^, 
 
 Cou.pany, ^vith a few --^^^^'''''^J ^ /, \,.,puhuiou is augmented 
 ,J native village. ^^ ^^ .^Z;^ J^X u.^^^ and .uppUe., 
 
 -:;rru:r =::;:....•< -••-•^>-^-- - 
 
 ,,.sidents live in tents. „^,, tj,,, Ynl<"n truui 
 
 HmaU,ligW^l-"^'W-^^'^''^-"''7\t r.n-.'-S --•^'■"^^' '^"' '""^ 
 
 :;-r;::;;-=--- -— '■^"""" 
 
 Steamers of the Alasica ^ ---::..,; .. ..vi.ation, .hich 
 u,,s during au- season tlud th ^1- i _ . ^ ^ ^, ,^^,. ,,^^ ,,^,,, ,, tunes 
 
 ..uerally lasts fronx June untd Oaob , ^^^^^^^^ 
 
 !• int,. th-ui the auehorugo on ni. 
 '^t— l-"'*^^^''*"^ , ,,,„. of about :U'eet, hut the 
 
 TideS.-The ordinary tide. l>ave. ^^.^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^,, , 
 
 rise and fall here, as ^vell a. .n a^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^,.^,^^,.,i ,,„„„g a 
 
 rise of tido oi iru.. ......^Hv "rcat. 
 
 ^ard ^vill often cause a fall uiuaU. . ^^^ ^^,^^^^^^^,^ ^^^^^^ ^,^^ 
 
 Anchorage.-There i. - /^f ";;; ,,,th at the usual places 
 aJ;orage is unsafe in had ..h.il. 1^^^^^ ^^^,^_^^, ,^,,^ ,, 
 
 of anchorage is fvom -^ to \ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ,,, ,,ises, vessels 
 
 distance of U miles tvom ^^ "^^ ^,,,, or leave altogether, 
 often have to shift anchorage ^nto 1 ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^^^^^^,^ 
 
 Directions-m 'H-P-ae^";;^ ^^1;;,: '!;:.. to the mud Ha^s 
 from the southward, a good bet hi- ^,,,,1, ,l,ould 
 
 Id shoals extending fvom the dlUot ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ , 
 
 keep in over 7 fathoms of -ateu as t 1 ^^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^,^^, ,,, 
 
 ^ lis are reported to be ^^^^^'J'^^^ ...a. and St. Laurence 
 cai.e Nome, from a posuum bet. e n c ^^^_^_^. ^^^^^^^^^ ^,, 
 
 timd. When within ^^--^,;\;:;,,,ed, then steer for .gg 
 northern coast untd cape D > _^^^^_^^^_ ^^^^^^„..^^^, ^^o n a 
 
 i.iand. Kgg island is a ^^f^l^^^^,, ,,d. Fron. Kg. - -^ 
 ,..,v blulV to a loNV po.nt at Us .a- ^_ uo ^y.) and the 
 
 ^e^u se to St. Michael's anchorage. S.b> J^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^,^.^^,, 
 
 ---^ « -^^-' "^ i::;t:"s ;:U-^^^ by a storehouse upon 
 xnuddy bottom. The ^'^^'^ ,, sighted_______ 
 
»•)() 
 
 ALASKA. 
 
 Stuart island. — This islainhluis a li)\v Iliit-tdiiiM'il hill in ilif 
 contri'. 
 
 Drift ice lias hcou louml ill Norton Koinul as lat(! asliic J Ith.liily. 
 Till' position of the ice tlfjicinlH on tho iirovaillnf,' wind and the 
 Htrenj^th of t!u' Yukon cuiTiiit. 'i'lii^ ice is sullicicntly heavy to 
 riMjuiri' caution in vcssids not bnilt to eiifountcr it. St. ^lichai'l's 
 is considort'd closi'il to iiavif,'ation after ir)th Oetohcr. Ail tin; ice in 
 Norton sound forms cvory fall and disappears entirely in the 
 following summer. 
 
 Golofnin bay. — There is a small island on the east side of 
 Golofnin hay ; anchora,!.,'e has heeii found in 1 fathoms of water, 
 immediately to the westward of it. 
 
 Sledge island. — A least depth of {')\ fathoms lias heen found 
 whi'U passinj:; in mid-elnnnel inshort> of this island. It is 
 recommended to f^'ive the coast from this island to ])ort Clarence a 
 good herth. 
 
 Port Clarence. — This is a good harhour, close to the strait, free 
 from ocean swell, and is the rendezvous for a large jjortion of the 
 Arctic whaling Heet, who here await the tender from San Francisco, 
 which supplies them with coal and provisions and takes back the oil 
 and whalebone of the spring catch. As a'general rule, the tender to 
 the whaling fleet arrives at jiort Clarence from Jst to ath .luly, 
 without encountering any heavy ice. From here the whaling fleet 
 go north into the Arctic in July. There is no native settlement of 
 any si/e in the bay, but natives assemble here from the surrounding 
 country and islands for trade with the whale ships. 
 
 Fresh water can be obtained in several places, the best being 
 from a stream flowing into the bay on the east side and bearing 
 E. by S. i S (S. (V.I-' E.) from i)oint Spencer. 
 
 Point Spencer is in latitude D.j" ](')' 40" N., longitude llKi -17' 50' W. 
 
 Anchorage. — The best anchorage found was ir ^'^^ fathoms, just 
 inside point Spencer and under the lee, from southerly winds," of a 
 spit and shoal extending a sliort distance into the harbour from the 
 main shingle spit. The holding ground is good, being mud and line 
 sand. There is good protection from north winds, but not much 
 from south and west gales. There is some little range of^tide, which 
 varies with the wind as in Norton sound. 
 
 Sfi- ohai'ta, No. 2,4()iranil No. .'iKU, point Uoihiuy to jioiiit lianow, with plan ol' port 
 Clarenco. 
 
 Grant 
 
 Diret 
 
 vveaviH'i',| 
 
 west rtidl 
 
 from t\ij 
 
 iiiiud l^^ 
 
ST. I-AWUKNCE AND DIOMEDE ISLANDS. 
 
 61 
 
 '"•/I in 
 
 lii, 
 
 r' ■■""' '/.'.. 
 
 '"■'V.V („ 
 
 '''•^' '■') (li,. 
 
 M si(I„ „(■ 
 
 "'■ W;if,.,. 
 
 H is 
 
 I" "'' tlw 
 '•aiiciwo, 
 ■ 'iic oi/ 
 nder to 
 'i ./iij..-, 
 
 I'^iU of 
 
 o 
 
 arijj^r 
 '"W. 
 
 jll.St 
 
 '/• a. 
 
 tlU' 
 
 irio 
 
 icli 
 
 oil 
 
 rt 
 
 Grantley harbour, which extendH eaHtwanI I'niiu p(ir( Clarenco 
 has u shoal (.'iitru'K'o and can only 1j<' unril l»y vi-shcIh drawin;,' Iosh 
 ilian 12 feet. A lar^^; lake ami river arc h<y(jii(l CJrantify harhoiir. 
 
 Directions. — In aiiproachin^' jiort Clai'tiu'c, in thick or niinty 
 wtaihcr, tiic lonj,', low spit ol' sand and shinglo, whicii forms tho 
 west side of the bay, is not seen until it is dose to, Tlir host course 
 from th(! souihward is to steer tlirfitly for cajte ^'o^k, lieurinj^ in 
 mind the set to tlie north-west, and aftei' niakin,:,' caj)!' ^'ork follow 
 alon;,' the coast to the eastward, not too close, until the entrance to 
 port Clarence is mude out, then steer for the anchorage just inside 
 point Spencer. 
 
 Reported shoals. — A shoal is reported to exist to tlie westward 
 (jf the knuckle of the hnig spit taiding in point Spencei-, but with 
 only 10 feet of water on it. Shoal water, with uneven and rocky 
 bottom, has been found to such an extent in that vicinity that it is 
 probable tlu're are other sjjots with perhaps less water. It is 
 recommended that vessels approaching port Clarence give the land a 
 berth of not less than 2 miles from cape Douglas to a jioint ") miles 
 from the north end of point Spencer. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND.— A sh.,al with IWathoms or less 
 wali'r on it has been reporteil to exist <ill' S.K, ca[)e, St. Lawi'enee 
 island. Thei't; are some J'jskinio inliabitaiits wlm live in umler- 
 ground dwellings. Ivnivi'S, razors, and biscuit, were used I'or barter 
 wiiii the nalivi's in iSDl, for fni's of bear, fox, hair seal, reindeer, Ac. 
 The temperature of tlie sea in llie midilje uf Aui^ust, ISli|,aliont 
 half a mile from the shore was M'' to IVl l'"ahr. ; tliisenid watei'nniy 
 extended about (i miles olT shore, when it r(.se to IS . 
 
 King's island is of small extent and about 7(IU feet high, with 
 almost perpendicular elilfs and is steei)-to on all sides. It is 
 composed of basalt, has an exceedingly rugged outline and is destitute 
 of trees or shrubs. On the summit of the clill's ai-e a number of 
 stone columns, resembling the remains of some old feudal castle. It 
 is inhabittHl and the village is reniarkal)le, being com])osed of winter 
 houses excavated in the sides of the ciill's and summer houses made 
 of wali-us skins. The noi'tli pnint n{ the island is in about latitutle 
 t).') (I' N., longitude i(iS 1 W. 
 
 DIOMEDE ISLANDS.— The Kiomede islands are formed of 
 granite ami rise abruptly from the sea with i)erpendicular sides; 
 
 ■Sn- cluirti^, Nu. 5'.t,'i und No. li.")!, Urriiiy; strait. 
 
KAMCHATKA, KAST COAST. 
 
 they iiro steep-to imd (Ihm'c uro no lieuulios. The toj) of the iMlamls is 
 a Hort of lirukcii (alile land, the (lr!iiuai,'e rroiii wliich liaH I'lit u few 
 j,'uHirs in liie '-iraiiilo Idun's. liy (ii;fi,'ini,' into the I'lilihish, tlio 
 nativort hiive rnanai,'eil to oli(aiu siitliciently level spaces to iiold a few- 
 huts, ami there are two villaj,'es, one on ea"ii isfuel. liatnliui,' is 
 .liiheiilt. 
 
 Fairway rock isimiiihahited and almost inaeeessihle. 
 
 KA^rCTIATKA, KAST COAST. 
 
 Variation in IS'.»r». 
 
 I.ower Kamchatka - -2 'MV K. 
 
 Winds and weather.— Dense fo;,'s prevail alonur tlie whole of 
 the east coast of KamchalUa dufinu; the iiimmec nninths, when tlie 
 winds are usually southerly. Sometimes these winds are very 
 constant ; in l><t)7 a schooner was unable to leave the river Kamchatka 
 from Jinie to the end of Anjjust for want of northerly wind. In 
 S(ij)tomber the weather is line and allhoui,di fo^'s occur, they arc not 
 so fre({uenl nor so dense. In (Jctolier westerly and north-west winds 
 lirevaii. 
 
 North-west and westei'ly winds lirin;,' line l)rif,']it weather ; easterly 
 and south-east winds, cloudy wcailier with misl ami rain. 
 
 Barometer. — In the west pan ol' lierinjj; sea and on the east coast 
 of Kamchatka, the averai,'e Jieit,'iit of the haroineter in the summer 
 mtmths is 2'.)'<S(). It stunetiines hap|)ens that tln^ i)arometer remains 
 steady, whilst a consideralile swidl ami tlu' ai)pearance of the clouds 
 foretell bad weather; in these cases the barometer isalfected after the 
 yale is over, Also, siuiietimes tlie barometer rises or falls con- 
 siderably, Iciidinj,' one to expect ii strong' breeze, and yet the wind 
 hardly increases in force. (Jenerally, any niovenu'nt of the baro- 
 meter accomjianies a cliau^'c of weather, but does not foretell it. 
 
 Dalni point lig-htllOUSe, in latitude ')2 i^'^ N., longitude 
 15S-' -17' E., is staii'd liv the Russiiins not to be in telegraphic com- 
 munication -with I'etropaulovsk. 
 
 PETROPAULOVSK.— The town has a very dilapidated 
 ai)pt^ai"inci', the houses for the motit part ')eing simply log huts, 
 which are in a bad state of repair ; tl.e people are chiefly employed 
 
 See charts, No. 654, Uerin^f strait, No, 2,388, sea of OkhotBk, and No. 1,040, 
 Avatcha bay, with plan. Petropaulov^k harboui-; also China Sea directory, vol, IV, 
 
 puiuled 
 close to] 
 
 and >!"■ 
 loubb 
 
 kr\il. 
 ^uppot;>| 
 
 l,eat:'"| 
 and Hai[ 
 
 COT 
 
 abo'i* 
 winteij 
 
 prov\>| 
 nd o| 
 
l'KTItOI'.\ni,(»VSK, 
 
 63 
 
 r ^'"t it few 
 
 [''■■'IKliiin. i,. 
 
 
 iifc 
 
 yt't'v 
 
 "■"'I. ill 
 
 '«' coast 
 '*^'"iain,s 
 
 ' eon- 
 baro- 
 
 'oin- 
 ■(-•(i 
 
 ^0. 
 
 ill lnintinf,';ui(l lisliiiif,'. 'Vhv mt'iimrial of IH;')! in a iirctty moniimoiit, 
 
 |i:iiiili 
 
 I)liicl< will) <'ilt ilct'orat'um 
 
 a lla;;stiill' nil scntrv ]»>\ arc 
 
 tc 
 
 It is a t'i'ci' pofl, Mil' i-xpiiris coiisisl of I'lii's, saMcH, iVc. 
 
 111(1 ilic iiiii>iirts I 
 
 if iii'i iclcs 111' I'iKii! I'l'diii liussia .(ImI A 
 
 iiirnca. 
 
 Til 
 
 Kll 
 
 ll)l. 
 
 Il 
 
 )(• ciirrciil niuiicv. 
 
 ill Hiisniuii oi'tliudox liolidavrt an* 
 
 kept. Tilt' (iiiariiniiic ri';.Milatii)ii,s iiiiiii'arfd lux in IS'.i;}, tiu-y arc 
 
 )()HO(l to Itn loitkcil alter 1)\' a ilistrict docto 
 
 uipi 
 
 ii'a coiiHidor.ibh! aiiiouiit of v( 
 
 il (I 
 
 iMcasc III 
 
 ,h 
 
 Then* is said ti 
 A Hiissiai 
 
 iiiaii-oi'-war is always in these jiarls on tislicry duties. Mosijuiios 
 and sandflies are very )>lentit'ul. 
 
 Communication. — A itussian mall steamer calls twice a year, 
 aliont ITtli Mav and 1st Aii^'iisl from Vladivostoek, anil there is one 
 
 winter mail overland, riii Siiieriii 
 
 A steamer bcloii'dn'r to tli 
 
 jiusslan sealskin eoni])any conu's every yeur to cnlject skins and 
 
 ))rovision 
 
 the settlements ''(*iv i'.id at the Komandorski islands, at the 
 
 ■nd of the season pnieeeiliii),' to San Fnmcisco. 
 Supplies. — ^In lSlt;'i ))nivisions of fairly j^ood (iiiality were to lie 
 
 )l)tained. The prices 
 
 for I) 
 
 d. 
 
 pi'r 
 
 vef,'e 
 
 talil 
 
 I'S, wlucJi 
 
 were very abiiudant, 1 jd. per lli.; and liread, which was not scry 
 good, J5.',d. ])er Ih. ISiiltcr of cxcciliiit iiiiality was to he hud from u 
 
 farmer a mil<' or two outside the town 
 but there are no sheej), fowls or ej,'j,'s. 
 
 ive bullocks can be bouj,'lit, 
 
 The best place for watering' shij) is at a stream bcaiin.i,^ S.K. alioiii 
 
 t't cables from Shack 
 
 point, wile 
 
 unnecessary to [iiim)i I In 
 
 wa'er into the IkmIs as at llic stream l)y the ii^ditlioiise. 
 
 Coal- — 'I'lie Uiissian i;o\ ernnieiit have their own, stored in shells 
 which are situated iiortii •>( tiie laki' eastwani of ^;liackoll' point. 
 From the sheds a small wharf jiroji'cts, which is only lit for small 
 ci'aft. This coal is sometimes allowed to be used by iiu'n-of-war. it 
 is Saj,'haliii coal, not ,t,'ood, and dusty after biiriiiii.e;. 'I'iiere iU'e .'! or 
 4 lif,ditcrs, which iiold alioiit ,") tons each and the liaj^s have to lie 
 lilled. Till! sujijily of coal must not bi* dejiended on, as the amount 
 kejit by the mendiant is very uncertain, in Si^ptember ].S'j;> it was 
 7(1 tons. The price for Jajianese coal was X,'-^ l"s. Id. a ton, and for 
 .Vmerican Mamainio from ,£;! I Is. '2d. to £f (is. 7d.; both descriptions 
 beinj,' very inferior. The linn of Walsh. Hall & Co. of Yokohama 
 carry on an intermittent sort of trade in .Japanese coal, &c., with the 
 port, and generally send one steamer a year. 
 
 .SVr chart. No. 1.040. 
 
64 
 
 KAMCHATKA, EAST COAST. 
 
 Position. — Tilt' old church, in latitude i)'^° 0' 58" N., is reported 
 to be in long. Ib^^ ;VJ' 1.')' E. 
 
 Shoal. — It is reported tliiit a HJioal is extendiufj; iu a W.S.W. 
 direction from the harbour light, but the leading mark, triangular 
 beacon in line with mi^morial, clears it. 
 
 Harbour. — To enter the harbour steer for tiu' harbour lighthouse 
 in line with tlie keeper's dwelling house iiearing N.E. (N. i')^ E.). 
 
 Inner harbour. — The inner harbour is very small, there is only 
 room for one moderate sized vessel in it, unless moored head anil 
 stern. To enter keep in mid-channel bi'tw(^en the spit and the lefl- 
 haud shore. Heavy stpuills, which are more freijiu'nt at night tiiaii 
 in the day, come ilown from the northward between the hills and 
 ships are apt to drag as the bottom is soft mud. 
 
 Tides. — The tides ai'e very irregular. As far as could be ascertained 
 there appears to be only one high and one low waier in 24 hours at 
 full and new moon : at the (puirters two as usual. 
 
 Cape Kronotski is reported to be in long. 102° E. Kronotskaia 
 volcano (l(>,(>(iiS feet on cliart) is an excellent mark, and is visible 
 from a distance of over 100 miles in clear weather. 
 
 GULF OF KAMCHATKA.— Cape Kamchatka is about 
 
 ],")()() feet in lieight, Uid from a distauci' ii looks lik<' a small ishind 
 sloping to the eastward. The extrenn' of the cai>e is a sand spit, 
 about 20 feet high, extending about one mile to the south-east from 
 the foot of the mountaip.s. This spit is strewn with immense )iieces 
 of rock, and tliire is a very coiispicuous |iilc of rocks, about ■{() feet 
 high, at its extremity, wliich has the ajipearanee of an old castle with 
 turrets. The local inhabitants assert thai a sunki-n rt-ef extends 
 2 miles seaward from this i)ile. 
 
 The coast from ca}»e Kamchatka treiuls W.N.W. aiul is i)recii)itous, 
 the hills forming the coast rising to an. elevation of '.'(•() feet, for a 
 distance of t) miles ; it then suddenly desei'nds to about 10 i'eet and 
 continues 2 miles fiirtloT in the same direction. The coast then 
 trends to the northward for a distaiu'e of about 7 miles ; the most 
 noti"eable featiU'es being the moulli of the lielaya (white) river and 
 a peri' 'udicular elilf of a dark grey coli)ur,ali(uii i.'iO IVri high, which 
 may be distinguished from surnxmding elevations i)y a total absence 
 of vegetation. This cliff is in latitude ^C' f) N., longitude 1(12° 12 E. 
 approximately. 
 
 Nc chart, No. 2..1«>). 
 
 North \>| 
 may be 
 
 wliicb i^ 
 ofKivin^'l 
 
 river, t 
 vivcr -, '1 
 height 
 
 Ancl 
 
 Iv.unebJ 
 
 \\ is iuii 
 wouM 
 (_rrotino 
 jiosi'i" 
 
 vessels 
 
 plan 
 Africa 
 past tl 
 
LOWRTt KAMCri VTKA. 
 
 {',:> 
 
 |> 'fi reported 
 
 'I W.S.W. 
 I' ''#,'iifhoii.so 
 
 '"■'Js ami 
 
 |'-''''i'(iiinei/ 
 txnirn at 
 
 ■""nkjiia 
 '•^ vitiihU' 
 
 '« about 
 t" is/a,„j 
 
 ■"•' .Sj)it, 
 
 '«t fVoin 
 <■ /iicc,..s 
 ■U) r.rf 
 ''■ with 
 
 "tons, 
 I /'())■ a 
 t and 
 tiicii 
 moNt 
 
 am/ 
 'licil 
 ■iieo 
 
 Northward of this perpemlifular cliff \h a rove, wlierc aiirliora^jc 
 may he olitahieil in a dupth of 15 fatlioms ; it ia sheltered from 
 N-N.!*]. to Eartt, and although exposed to the swell from the south, 
 which is always experienced during tlie summer months in the gulf 
 of Kamchatka, boats can usually land. From the cove the coast trends 
 X.X.W. and West about 6 miles to the mouth of the Kamchatka 
 I'iver, the last 1^ miles lieing the H])it forming the south side of the 
 river; near the mouth of the river the spit is only about 8 feet in 
 height 
 
 Anchorage off" Lower Kamchatka.— When approaching the 
 Kamchatka river, with the object of communicating with the village, 
 ii is inadvisabh; to try and (inil the mouth of the; river, as a stranger 
 would not d(, so witliout tiie assistance of a i)ilot,and would i)ri)l)ably 
 ground on a sand hank. Mi'U-of-wai' wuidd nut be in i' e best 
 [lositioii for communicating if anchored oil' the mouth, l)ut merchant 
 vessels woiild probably aiu'hor thereto land or shi]) cargr). The l)est 
 plan fui' men-of-war is lo make the wliiti^ elifl's, westward of cape 
 Africa, and then proceed along the coast at a di.-^taixHMd' about .") miles, 
 past the pcrj)endieiiliir clilf, when the village can be seen, with the 
 watch tower or signal station, which is a high (juadrangular wooden 
 tower Avith a llagstail' ; I lie village buildings have tiie a[)pearance of 
 iM'iiig (in the long stretch of H]iii, but in reality are on the opposite 
 side of the river. 
 
 The sjiit can be boldly approached steering towiirds tlie signal 
 tower, ami anchorage oijtained in ti] fathoms, with the signal tower 
 l)earing N. (i W. and the jjerpendicular cliff S. GS° E. 
 
 Landing" may be eilect<^d (HI the H])it, but it is not at all an easy 
 ni;iiter,as even in tin' (piietest weather with llie wind off shore, there 
 is a considiTalile surf on the lieacli, and if once ashore, in a few 
 hours it nr.iy be impossilde to get off again. The village is then 
 rcacheil by bout or canoe in the river, wliich is not at all broad 
 abreast of it. 
 
 Kauichatka river. — Vessels drawing S or 'J fit'i can enter t;,e 
 river at liigh water, but must take a ]iilnt, as tht> ciiiimiel fri'(|Ueutly 
 changes, (larticuJiirly after strong southerly winds. The chiuiuel is 
 between the reefs olf two si)its, which divide the river month from 
 the sea, anil the depth on the bar is t'l feet at low water. Vessels in 
 tlie river can anchurolf the village. Thi' river is very shallow iidand, 
 oven boats have considerable dilliculty in passing uji and down it. 
 
 S.r ohart, No. 2.:tSS. 
 
 SO r..so3 
 
66 
 
 KAMCHATKA. KAST TOAST. 
 
 Caution. — IJoats slioulil not be sent from vcHsels olf tho mouth 
 of the river to cross the bur exce])t at hij,'h water, as at low water tlie 
 surf is very viok'iit, both on the bar and in the channel, and on tliis 
 account it is not easy to distinguish the channel. 
 
 Pilot. — Tiiere is one pilot here, with a pupil ; the callinfr is 
 hcrcditiiry. '•'!''' pilot places his own marks. To obtain the services 
 of the pilot it is necessary to send for him, as he has no proper l)oat. 
 
 Tides and tidal streams. -Tlie api)roximate time of hiirli 
 water, full and cliaiif^c. is Ih. Om., rise (l feet. 
 
 The tidal streams run stroiifjrly io the river. 
 
 Ill the inontli <il' .lime the river is in flooil, ami the water rises near 
 the villaire iihout '.• f<'ei above its (inlinary lieiLrhl. In September tlie 
 river is at its lowest, the lidal stri'am tiieii lakes salt water u)) to the 
 villa}i;e. This does iioi happen at otiier ti'iies, because the river 
 current checks the tidal stream, and it is the meetim/ of the current 
 and stream that renders tlie l)ai' so daiiLjerous at low water. 
 
 Lov/er Kamchatka village.— Tlie pmin'r name for this 
 village is Ooskamchatka, wliicli means "Heads of Kamchatka"; it 
 has a pojiulalion of llMl. The nearest villai^es are Nisnakamchatka, 
 distant '•)'> miles, with ti jiopulation ot 120, and Kanaki, ]iopulatioii 
 1(10. Tlie principtil town iiereabouts is Kliitchi, with a popidation 
 of CiOO ; it is situated at the foot of mount KlochefTskaia, and is 
 ]'20 miles from 0()sk'aniehalka by road, but only (lO miles as the 
 crow Hies. The country round about is very sparsely iiojiulated. 
 
 The inhabitants take little trouble to improve their condition, 
 tlieir lot; huts are of the rudest description, they live on dried lish ; 
 in the summer they are i.lli', and in tlie winter liunt bu' ■'kins, which 
 iire obiaiiieil in eonsiileralije luimbeis. 
 
 Communication. —Tlu re is eoinniuniraiinn with ['etrojiaiilovsk 
 twice a yi iir, in winter once iiy sleii,di, and in siimmer aliout Auirnsl, 
 a Russian steaiiu'r (al<es suiipiies and relurns with skins. 
 
 Supplies.— l''is]i is the (Hily description of food obtainable, 
 e.\-cellen( salmon are lo be had in lart^e cpiantitics, at ii nominal 
 l>rice. Thei'e are many ])tarinij,'an, which are L^ood eatin;,', and large 
 numbers of duck, but ilu,' inhabitants never shool them. There are 
 also some cattle, but they are not killed for meat. 
 
 Kcu'CBts 'I 
 l,;mVs of th 
 
 Ice 
 
 — T\ 
 
 Cape 
 
 ^.^..unchatkJ 
 
 \;', miles ti| 
 ,uounta\n'| 
 
 Cape 
 
 high, Vroi 
 ^niooth d 
 .^•xtends : 
 Oie sp'd- 
 :, nViler^ ;i 
 of about 
 
 no i^l'rl" 
 
 aecovdiv 
 navigate 
 u. as fai' 
 
 Sv 
 
 obtivi 
 
 up a 
 
 aVim 
 
 viU 
 
 Tie 
 
 fr. 
 sli 
 '•r 
 
 Sin C.'llU't. \(1. I'.'tSS, 
 
'""' IlK.IItli 
 
 I"i't on (his 
 
 ['« service,. 
 
 ['•iscH near 
 pill),.,. ,)„, 
 
 "• (lii.s 
 '"; it 
 
 CAPE AFRirV. 
 
 67 
 
 I'ovoBts of larcli. miikincr ca])!!:!! huildinir timber, grow on the 
 liiinks of till' river. 
 
 Ice. — Tlie river freeze.s in October or the beginning of November, 
 and is free of ice in May. 
 
 Cape Kamchatka, Northward.— The eoast from capo 
 
 Kamchatka ti'ends to tlie iiortli-castwanl for a diKtaiici^ of about 
 11) miles to cape Africa : it forms three rather i>])(m coves, and is 
 inountainons and ])rcci])it(iiis. 
 
 Cape Africa, a])pro.\iiiiately in latitude .')('(" ()' N., lon^^itude 
 Idir 2.") K., is remarkable by a solitary ])cak about 1,"2(U) feet 
 liigh, from which the cape sti'etches into the .sfi in three flat and 
 smooth declivities. The exti-eme of the cajie is i; sandy sjiit, which 
 extends abou* one mile to seaward, and possii)ly a ri'(>f extends from 
 ihi' spit. Westward of ihe ])i'alc is an elevated ])lain, which extends 
 .'i miles and has the api)i'arance of a tabh mountain. Fi'om a distance 
 of iibont (! miles oil' th' coast between capes ICami'hatlca and Africa, 
 no signs of sunken rocks are observable in (dear weather, nor, 
 accoi'ding to the statement of a ca] tain of a trading steamur who has 
 navigated along the coast for niai y years, are there any such rocks 
 to as fai' north as c;i])e Stoliiovi. 
 
 KOMANDORSKl ISLANDS. 
 
 Vauiatio.v in is;)'). 
 
 Nikolski - - - - r 1,-) K. 
 
 Deireasini,' ?> annually. 
 
 Supplies. — No coal, sujijilies, or provisions of any sort were to bo 
 obtained at thf Koiiiandorski islands in IS'.K). .V small store is kept 
 up at Nikolski by the Government for the use of the people em))loyofl 
 about tlie seal fishery, and there ar'e jirobably others at the dilferent 
 villages, but they are not large enough to supply any outside demand. 
 There are cattle, but they are not allowiMl to be killrd at [)ri'seiit, as it 
 is wished to increase th.-m i)y bleeding. I'ertnissioii can be obtained 
 from the Uiissian ollicial in ch.irg<' to laud live slock at Nikolski, if a 
 shiji ha|)pens to briuir any from l'et:o|)anlovsl:. '"orconsuiiiptioii whilst 
 '•ruisiiig on the lisheries. N'egetaiile, will grov,-. but the inhabitants 
 are too indolent to cultivate them. 
 
 ><r chart. .No. l.liH. Kciiii.-iiiclur.ski isliuiils: with )iliui», .Mcdiii i-liiml ; N'ilmlskl 
 III olitiriiKC ; Stnra.vii Imrbonr ; f'li'ciluiijeiiHki Imrliimr : I^'^tohaIUli li.'iy. 
 
 SO 11 Hon :'. J 
 
 ^ 
 
C^A 
 
 KOMANnORSKl ISLANDS. 
 
 Reindeer have beeu pliiced on Bcrhig ishind and havo done well, 
 some were to bo killed in the winter of lS!V?-0;5. 
 
 Fish, sidnion and cod, can hi' eani,'ht in any (]nantit}". Thci'o are a 
 few duck on the lakes near Xikolski. 
 
 Inhabitants. — The iniiabitants oC these islands are there simply 
 on account of tlie seal lisheries, and they live mostly on fish, which 
 are abundant, and seal meat. 
 
 Communication is kcpi u]> with I'ciropaulovsk durin.i,' tlie 
 season by a small steamei' brl()ni:ini.'' to the sealing company. 
 
 "Winds and weather. —In Auirn.st the winds . xpcrienccd were 
 very variable iioiii in direciinn and force; the wind being seldom 
 Hteady in any direction for a length of time. Winds from North to 
 West generally bring line bright weather, but from X.E. to S.E. art! 
 nearly always accom])anied by dirty weather, rain and fog. 
 
 Fog". — May and June ai-c ihc worst months, durin;,' these months 
 mvigation is vei'v dilliciilt. In .Innc '2'2 days of thick fog have liccii 
 exnerieiiced. Tlu're is a consid-or.ibh' amount in Au^.'-nsl. 
 
 Barometer. — 'riieavcr.iire lu-iLrln of the barometer in the summer 
 mon'hs is :2'.t-8ti. 
 
 Tenperature. — The mean temperature in 1S.S2 was for May 
 (the hst 10 days) 3')^ Fahr. ; June KP ; JulyJS^ ; August 51'' ; 
 September ftif. 
 
 Currents. —'I'lie currents around the islands are very uncertain ; 
 Aviili strong winds a set of al)out half a knot an hour to leeward has 
 Boinetimes been ex jierienced. 
 
 BERING ISLAND. - Niicolski anchorag'e. — Vessels 
 
 approaching NilvolsLi cannot fail to i'ecogi\ise the most conspicuous 
 and r.'inarkable llat-topped hills at the back of the anchorage. The 
 belfry of the church is easily seen. 
 
 Position. — The observation siioi at Vkhodni point is in 
 latitude ').") 10 ;U) X., longitude ItitV'O .'iS' K. 
 
 Dangers. —Mi<l way rock, which lies midway l)etween Sivutchi 
 and 'i'oporkof islands, is abdve water al all tiuH's and brcalcti in ordi- 
 nary weather. 
 
 There are two rocks, \vhi( h break, S.W. by W. J, W., 1 and l) cables 
 from Vkh.jdni point, and there are ihruei-oiks in the i'()adsteail,bea)'ing 
 
 Sre chart, No. 1,644, 
 
 Iroui 
 
 t\>e 
 
 ^\ 
 
 (^L's'uleS tb 
 I,, the N.>j 
 roadstead. I 
 
 The bu^ 
 w\th the 
 
 Dii'ecl 
 
 \-,0 feet \| 
 
 ;vboUt V'..| 
 
 •aliout '.'4 
 HoiUU o\| 
 ■,viid To) 
 
 \.'rn\n 
 ;i\>oVe ' 
 ,.i.eouii 
 
 Tl>e 
 
 is a\^v; 
 l\iis u 
 
 wind 
 at rt\i' 
 
 L0 
 
 ins'u' 
 
 ]^ 
 
 Ion; 
 
 nio 
 
 fro 
 
 di 
 \\ 
 \ 
 
HKRIN*i 1S1..VNU. 
 
 ;;:e;.:i^:K:::;:rr::":-''" -"'""""'"■ 
 
 -•^1^ ^'" ^""'''''"""'' I s.vut.h, ^^vh•u■h is 
 
 Directions-F-n, the "-^J;;;^;;:;;;;:::;,,,!! . „ule,thensteo. 
 l,Of.ethi,handeasilysceu at - ^^^ ^^^^,, „, ^Uu.l 
 
 .a>uatK.iN..N.SPE.)wUh - ,,.s about :Uahles to the 
 
 ,,30ut :^0 i'ect i. h,.i.ht) on '>- ' J:;^.^^,,.„,,,.vanl until S.vut.lu 
 ,.,uth of this ,shuM aua ^7'^-^^:. ,„,,„, au. aucl>o>.ag.,Ue.p.n 
 ,,,,,.,,U..f an. i.^lino, ^''->:'^^^ " ._„,,,„, i„ 7 iathoius, sa.ul. 
 .vo^hen.ei<si.ion.nu.uUo,u.,,^;^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 >^- ^^'*-'^"'''^^'r::::;no ti. L'ti--^^'^ '^''^-^^^^^^ 
 
 ;,1h.vo aiivctious. My l'--- 
 
 ,....omnu.ua..l. ^^viudst•ro,uth.^v.•stwa^l and there 
 
 The anchorage is open to all -- _ , ,.,i, ,uh vi.i... -n^l , 
 
 ^. al^av. a ,.-ouua s.ell, -'-" :^:^^^, .J,, aangevou. but U .s 
 
 Uis uud<es the aneho-age ->'l-' j^^^;^ .,^^ . ,,,., .uchovaue ^vt.h aus 
 
 thestiutheislaua. Ue..y.oU^^^^^^^ 
 
 ,.„, ,.uh westing >u U. \ -- ^ ^ ,^^,^.,1, ,, umes. 
 
 ,, short notice, tor the NV 
 
 Landing'. 
 
 , , ,.„,i, ut the s^orehotlS^e 
 „TheU.stUuulinuisontheh.a.h. 
 
 i„,i,le Vkhodui poilU. ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ _^_^ ^,, ^^ 
 
 Nortll-west point, ^;7''''";7',;:-,,i;!lJ'Uthin 4 nuK.. a. a 
 , 1,-, r>' H, should not I" api'i ^vcst\vard 
 
 longi.u.le ](.> l.> • . ^^ ^.,,,, aistance to ih. 
 
 „,y,t dangerous leet ^x 
 
 I'roni it. ^ii^j, m\',,v mid 
 
 vusMu point..; '"--rrrr"::;. --vu,;;-, 
 
 ;i COlipt*- Ol 
 
 ' Sr chiOi.N". 1/1 1- 
 
70 
 
 KOMANOORSKl ISLANDS. 
 
 furtluT u]) the liill, hwiring S. by W. (S. 11° W.) is said to be a aafo 
 line of appi-oacli. Aiichorajje may be obtained in 7 lo !<• lathoiiis, 
 with the hi<,'hest part of the reef bearing W.S.W. (S. tl?" W.), this is 
 good with winds from S.K. through south to S.W., but not v\itli 
 winds from any other direction. The reef on the left entering; 
 extends a eonsiderable distance out and must be guarded against, as 
 must also tiie posHibiliti' of there being other rocks in this vicinity. 
 
 In fog the noise made by the seals might jjossibly be heard ii 
 considerable distimce. 
 
 Podvodni rook is a small rocl< about (i feet above high water. 
 
 The north coast of the island and cajjc Vakselya should not he 
 api)roacheil within 1 miles in jjassing. 
 
 Staraya harbour. — 'I'he distance from Staraya to cape Vakselya 
 is reported to be ."> miles. The mud houses of sealers are not easily 
 seen. When approaching the harlxmr on a westerly bearing the 
 depths decrease with regiilaiity ; at a ilistance of ;5 miles from the 
 shore the depth is ?J fathoms, bottom mussels ; at '2 miles I'l fathoms, 
 bottom sand ami rod; : a large vessel should anchor here. 
 
 The north reel' of the harbour is composed of rocK's jiartly above 
 and partly below waler, on which the sea constantly breaks. The 
 south reef is comiiosed of rocks, 2 to ',\ feet high, separated by narrow 
 channels ; the eastern ])art of the reef is formed l)y isolated rocks 
 awash, over which the sea breaks. 
 
 Oidy small vessels should enter the harbour ; there is no ilillicnlty 
 in entering, as the channel is well delined by the breakers on both 
 sides. It is necessary ti^ hug the soutli weW which has no sunken 
 rocks ofl it (except one in the narrowest part, almost touching the 
 shore). The dei)th in mid-channel is 7 fathoms, and in the harbour 
 35 to !{0 feet, sand bottom. 
 
 The inhabitants say that the water in the harbour is smooth oven 
 in north-east winds, as the sea breaks against the outer rocks. 
 
 Settlement.- in the south-west part f)f the harbour is a 
 settlement of Aleut hunters : there are seven families who tlwell in 
 earth huts. The settlement is apiu-oximately in latittide T)')" ',) I'O' N., 
 longitude KUr 17' E. 
 
 Water. — in the west jian of the harbour is a rivulet of good 
 iU>r. 
 
 Cape 
 
 ,1 d\..uviu'-l 
 
 \n t\^^ 'A 
 satid. M 
 harbour, 
 
 n>undn»j 
 
 Land 
 
 r,vpsv/,e(l 
 
 pre' 
 
 oV>tiv'a'| 
 
 \n 
 
 [\n\ 
 
 1 .'ecil'l 
 to M 
 
 G\\ 
 
 to N* 
 
 D" 
 
 Viuy 
 
 ceu' 
 
 it 1 
 
 bell 
 
 \\n 
 
 CO 
 
 e>; 
 
 .Vr chart, No. I,li44.- 
 
MK..N. ANU KAHAO.NSKl -SKANUS. 
 
 (1 
 
 '> be ;i safe 
 lO t'iitJi(,iiis, 
 W.), this i.s 
 it not Willi 
 ft eiiteriiicr 
 iiarainst, as 
 vicinity. 
 
 heard a 
 
 i water, 
 lid not lie 
 
 V'akrielya 
 lot easily 
 irinj,' the 
 tVorii fJic 
 
 filtilOlUS, 
 
 y abo\(i 
 :«. TJie 
 ■ naiTow 
 id i'ocks 
 
 llieiilry 
 ni botli 
 siDiken 
 iny the 
 arboui' 
 
 1 oven 
 
 IS a 
 'ell in 
 !0" X., 
 
 good 
 
 ■.1 nviv be seen I'roni 
 .■ • v.rvhi-haudl.rec-il.Uous-. 't ums 
 
 CapeMonatiisNeiN lu^ii. 
 
 idir.auceel- :".0 miles. 
 
 HEDNI ISLAND- Pestcha-f^.^r^...nt , ,. . .U.n. 
 .„ ,ue north-we«l ,ur of h. > ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,,^, ,,,.,,,.,.,.U> 
 
 sand. U, -.B more ^^-'^/^-^ ' J^ .„„,,,,* H.-ell, .Inch rolls u, 
 l-bour,but 1. ...l>3-t to - " ^,,,.„.„,^. ,,i„ds,a,alns, .Inch 
 ,.,„„HlinK l'e«tchan. P-int, evui mi 
 r;.y is sheltered by a hl.1 -am. 
 
 ,.„. u .n,d Nvith-i" <l..c care a boat m.i^ 
 Landing is very d.iTicult, ana ..tl 
 
 c.'P'^'^'f''' \nehora--e may he 
 
 Pre.V>rMen*i is .'- ;:■'"'",;;', :rLl,...n.,.ul,.l,.. church 
 
 i„ .h,c«ui '■^ ""''■'':::,., ri^NA^^ ^i—"" 
 
 u ,..,il,.i i>c«i,».u,i i..y -.1 -i"" 
 
 Glinka bW (•■"■°";»;f " "Ji,„,.tr„n. s.S.K.,l..-.«h--t 
 ... ^■■■"•- ■'■'■" —""■""" „„„.„„„„„...,. 
 
 i, ;„.,1 »..cl..r i.. I '."""■';,"■'*,., „„„« «un>l. hy Uscit u,..l 
 
 .— "^ '—""""'" , ,,„;.,„..„„ c,-.,*y 
 
 seal roouerlos^-rw. ...... -- -'" 
 
 ' ■■'""""-""'"""■,,,„, .,.»,.. .- 
 
 ,,,t-rr:r:;:;::''r;;.:' *.-•-- --"• ' 
 
 I'alata I'-mt. ^ ^ ^^^^ S S.K. of 
 
72 
 
 UU l.F OF ANADYR 
 Vauiatiox is IS'.I"). 
 Providence Iniv - - . . 
 
 17^ E. 
 
 ANADYR BAY.- Raid bank.— Tho Hhoal round Raid rock 
 
 cxtcmls ;i distiiiK't of 1 J, to 2 luilciH in nortli-oiist, cawt, and sontii 
 directions from tli>^ rock. If breaks sli^ditly on tlio soutii end over 
 ■which is a <leiith ot' 'i feel, hut on Raid rocl< itsell' hi'avy l)n'akerH 
 liave been seen. 
 
 Cape Alexander. —Shoal.— On tiie east side of cape Alexander 
 at a distance approximately of from 2 to 1 cables, is a bank witli 
 10 feet water on it. The bank is of hard sand : it appears to be of 
 small extent and is marked liy an irregular rijipie ; the depths 
 arouuii are 7 and S fathoms. 
 
 Ancliorag'e. — 'i"he liest position to anchor in the mouth of tlie 
 river Anadyr is midway between cape Alexander and Observation 
 point in a de]itii of li to 7 fathoms, ooze bottom ; oidy the ebl) stream 
 is said to be fell hei'e, the Hood i-iinning aloiiu' the north shore. 
 
 Tide and tidal stream.— It is high water, full and oiiangc, near 
 cai>e Alexander at Ih. Om. 
 
 The tidal stream in Anadyr liay is very strong ; in the moutii of 
 the riAcr its rate is aljout I,', k-nots an lioni'. 
 
 This stream renders communication with tiu- shore very difficult, 
 ami iiuchorag(! in the bay im-onvk'uiont. 
 
 Mount St. Dionysius, in latitude di' 3(1 X., longitmle 
 J 77' 17 E., standing apart to the south-west of the cape of the 
 same nanu', is tiie most notiei^abje of tlie mountains in this vicinity ; 
 generally, however, its base and summit are shrouded in log, leaving 
 the middle p;irt oidy visible. 
 
 Geka point has the iqipearance of a low sandy bank, a foreign 
 village is situated on it; this |)r(unontoi'y is se))arated from caj)e 
 St. Dionysius by a spacious shallow bi'.y. 
 
 Settlement. — A Russian setil'-nu'nt, named Novo-marinsk was 
 founded in ISS'.) on cape Alexander. There is a low timln'r house 
 and three (iv four huts belonging to a nouiad jxjople, the 'i'chutchi, 
 who dress in skins and are friendly. 
 
 loo ^^'M 
 Holy 
 
 i.epovted 
 
 provil 
 
 IS vcp"i'^1 
 t\ie capt^l 
 Ivloore H 
 
 Disc^ 
 \Jrovide| 
 
 Cap' 
 plo 
 
 The \<' 
 
 rit. V- 
 
 C(UUU 
 
 \ux«i 
 KsU>i 
 Anic 
 
 oblai 
 
 ( 
 
 \7- 
 po 
 
 iY 
 
 ei 
 
 ■M 
 
 .S?/! chart. No. iio4, Hcring Htrait. 
 
ANADYR HA.'^- 
 
 , u,e.kB uv Ht the bes^nnning of June. 
 ICO forms in September, andlne.kH V 
 
 . , .1 with M t^^t^^"'"^ "'■""''•' "" 
 ,epurtvd to exist ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^, ^^,, ,^^ 
 
 providence bay. -A ^;^f;^^^.,^:... (U.hl i-'O fji^ 
 
 ,Ue capo hearing ^.-l- ' 
 
 Moore N. a:iM^., a,stant U m.le, ^^^^^^^^^^^^, ^^, 
 
 Discoloured water 1-h i.^en 
 P,ovidenc« bay. , „f h red folour. 
 
 OapeLiBa1a-.olowaisn..tieeai.i.>.t,.^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 Plover ^^^our^'t:'^.!...^ »>- ^ ^^^^'^^^^ 'l^ 
 iGk fatlu.ms, sand. '1 h-v ^ ■ - - ,iently deternuned t on 
 
 The longitu.le of this place has b.en tn ^ ^^^^^^^^^ „,; ^u. anch,u- 
 S ret<^BbnrgandSanlM-ancp.o iK ^^^^^^^ ^.^^^ ^^^,,,al 
 
 t. are barren and dreary, < - ^ ^^^^ ,,,, vegetation, exeep. a 
 ::,n,nin.ued by the t-;;--; /";;:" ,;„!. here are the Asjat 
 U..riant growth .dc,.n^^^j-^>,,„,,, 
 
 "^-'^ t:tinlr. aete,.io,.a...d i.y the o.o ai 
 
 Anicnca, n ^^ 
 
 COAST t>V hAMLU. ^ ,,.vN..h,ngittide 
 
 cape Tciiaplin (hulian ^"'7;;;; f ;;;;';.sels, is a long, lo^v 
 n?^--' ---rd^^nXn^verai nates t.ti.east.^^ 
 point of BhingU-anu s. nd, e ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^^,,. ,, v,, 
 
 from the main land. I he 
 
 eastNvard of the point. ,.u. .-inds, on the north 
 
 ^.c.ora.ei.si.eeoobtan^n..^^^^^^^ 
 
 ,,t.U.p..int,abre,..tlu. -^^ 
 
 .,„ 71 fathou.s <d ^vatei, ha, northerly ^^>"''^;'\ 
 
 Us uu.e of half a mile fv.nn the - ^^^^^^^^^ „^^ ,,, ,.,uh stde 
 
 nn'dlv "-oed auehurag^ *-■>" 1 .m,Ung is easily 
 
 stated tlui. an equal. ^^^^^^^,^,^,, .,, ^,,,,,, Lan.lu . 
 
 ,f the eape, in about t 1 ^ ^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 .ftVcted upon a steep shin. ^^ ^__^^^^^^^^^^ ^,^^^, ^^ -,, 
 
 ViUage.-The native vH -;;;;;-^^ ^^,^,,,, ,. .e KsUii^ 
 
74 
 
 BKRINi; STRAIT. 
 
 closely nilied to the nutivt'H on the Alaskjin side : ilioy mM-tn 
 intellifjctit, iiiiil are ^'ood inuk-rrt and whali'iiuMi. Oiif of tin' natives 
 has a frame iioiise, containing a store with a lai'fjfe supply of ai'ticles. 
 such as Hour, totincco, rum, i)otatr)es — obtained by trading whah'honc 
 with the whalers, who coinii here in large numbers in the spring ol 
 the year. A munber of /Vmcrican-l)uilt whale-boats have been seen 
 on the beach. Some of the natives here sjxaiv fair Knglisii. Neitliev 
 wood nor water can be obtained. Deer sUins are procured from ihi^ 
 ])lace for clothing by whalers. 
 
 Seniavine strait. — .V shoal is rejjortpd between Nouneangane 
 and Ittygrane islands, extending in a mn-th-eaBt and south-west 
 direction, with '21 fathoms of water over it, rocky bottom. 
 
 Kayne Island. — ('ape Kigninine, the east point of Kayne island, 
 should be given a wide berth, as shoal water, witli nnevi-n bf)tloni, 
 extends ofl' it. 
 
 At^hiy'l 
 Akuu ' 
 
 Xkuti' 
 
 Mechigme bay is reported to be an excellent liarlioiir, land- 
 locked, with II fatiioms at the entrance, and with a depth ol' 
 f) fathoms extending inside for a distance of several miles. 
 
 St. Lawrence bay. — Water can readily be found here. 
 
 Sir chart. No. C>!H. 
 
75 
 
 ['"• "ativcs 
 p articles, 
 
 [^'■""' (/lis 
 
 
 'N/afi(/. 
 
 iu, 
 
 'and- 
 
 'J't'l (,/■ 
 
 IN DEX. 
 
 , t>7 
 
 r,;i 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 .V.-lnTk liiirlioui- :t'.t. Ill 
 
 Ailufjajrli islaiiil ... ... ... .'il 
 
 Al'u)?iwk hay ... ... ... -■"> 
 
 island ... ... ... -•> 
 
 Africa, capo 
 
 A^'attu islaiul 
 
 A^'hi.viik islauil 
 
 Akiiii cove 
 
 Akutiin harbour 11 
 
 isluMil II 
 
 — JlftSS I't 
 
 pais, ic ... ... ... I-' 
 
 volcaiiip ... ... ... 14 
 
 Alagauik I'fttUiiiciit ... ... In 
 
 Alaska Oomnicrcial C'uinpaiiy .">. H, 1 1. Jn, 
 
 u. .•)•■<. r.'.i 
 li. -'I 
 
 peninsula 
 
 Alliatross bank 
 Aleks ruck 
 Aleutian islands 
 
 , tidal strcamis ... 
 weather ... 
 western, cautiuii 
 
 Alexander, cape 
 
 -, uuchoragf 
 -, .shoal 
 -, tides and 
 streams... 
 
 10 
 4:i 
 IJ 
 
 11 
 
 71' 
 
 tidal 
 
 .Miaskin. cape 
 Alitnk bay 
 
 , cajie 
 
 Alsentia bay 
 
 — — village 
 
 Ania;;iit island 
 
 Amaknak island 
 
 Ainatifinak island 
 
 Ainatuli island 
 
 , tidal stream 
 
 Anilia island ... 
 Amnkta inland 
 
 Anadyr. ;fnlt' of 
 
 , currents 
 
 river, amlioratfe 
 
 .'Vncli'irai;!- 
 
 Anchor point 
 
 Anderson rock 
 Archimandritof rock.'* 
 Arctic wlialiiijf fleet 
 
 Atka i.sland 
 
 Attn island ... 
 
 . water ... 
 
 Avatanak island 
 .Yujfustine island 
 
 ... ;!7 
 
 31 
 
 mining; establishment 'M 
 
 :il> 
 
 -, anchorage ... ■.. 32 
 
 ...■n,;f,-. 
 
 ... .•il 
 31 
 3!t 
 ...47.48 
 ... 53 
 ... \H 
 ... 18 
 ... .-.3 
 
 ruck;v patch 
 
 Ayalik bay 
 
 ISailey harbour 
 
 Hainl" idge, port 
 
 liaird liank ... 
 
 liarnabas. cape, r.ick oil' 
 Barometer, east toaxt id' 
 
 chatka ... 
 
 liarrun islands 
 
 Uaum. capr ... 
 
 Heaver bay 
 
 — - — inlet ... 
 
 Bede, cape ... 
 
 Belaya river ... 
 
 Belkull'ski bay 
 
 Bering islaml 
 
 . north coast ... 
 
 Page 
 
 71.' 
 41! 
 71.' 
 73 
 34 
 L'O 
 4(1 
 lit 
 tio 
 .-.l.' 
 ,-.3 
 •3 
 44 
 28 
 1.'3 
 
 ii; 
 
 Ivam- 
 
 ...i; 
 
 currents 
 ioe 
 
 ...41 
 
 — , tidal streams 
 — , winds 
 
 ' strait 
 
 , current? 
 
 3!» 
 
 II 
 
 111.' 
 , IS 
 38 
 37 
 45 
 HI 
 ii4 
 3i) 
 US 
 70 
 II 
 ,42 
 42 
 42 
 41 
 73 
 12 
 
 Big Koniushi island... 
 
?;•) 
 
 INUEX. 
 
 Diorkn, uiipc ... 
 
 islunrt 
 
 Uliiok bliUt's ... 
 
 point ... 
 
 Hlijjhs islanil. . 
 Illiill' piiint ... 
 JflyiiiifH siiiiiiil 
 liu^'oslofl' irtlivmls 
 
 U'imuhui island 
 Urj-ant point ... 
 
 — . ^llll(ll wivt^r 
 
 Pago 
 i:. 
 . 4r. 
 .:.!, :>r, 
 .»o, »i 
 . 12 
 
 . 1(! 
 
 . r)i 
 
 . .-.I 
 :>2 
 \:> 
 
 Captaiirn bay 
 
 CI, 4ti 
 
 tides and 
 Htreams ... 
 
 tidal 
 
 Castle rock 
 
 ('aton covi' .. . 
 
 Caution. Vloiitiiin islands. WLKtor 
 
 Chalk pat<.li ... 
 
 Chalniera hai'liour ... 
 
 Channel rook... 
 
 Chatham, port 
 
 , tides 
 
 Che rful, cape 
 Clicrnoir.-<ki cluireli ... 
 harliour... 
 
 .;iii, 
 
 18 
 III 
 
 r •! 
 
 — village 
 
 Chesloknu bay 
 Chichajioir harbour 
 
 , iinchorajje 
 
 , directions 
 
 — — , tide ... 
 , water 
 
 rock 
 
 Chiniak bay ... 
 Chinitua 
 
 bay... 
 
 ChirikofT island 
 
 . anchor.iffes 
 
 Chisick island 
 Chisttell islandii 
 Chowiei island 
 Chudinadak island ... 
 
 ^ anchorage 
 
 , reef 
 
 Chugachiuk bay 
 (Jhugal island 
 Cbujjatz island.s 
 
 Clarence, port 
 
 • . anchorage ... 
 
 ..!.■., 
 
 ii; 
 
 J 7 
 
 l.s 
 
 111 
 
 i<; 
 
 ."Ml 
 I'.l 
 
 ."lO 
 .■.0 
 
 ."lO 
 
 111 
 
 t'.l 
 I'.l 
 :,:\ 
 .■.:t 
 
 ,2:1 
 34 
 
 .'14 
 00 
 
 ID 
 
 Clarenew. port, direotionrt 
 
 . shoals 
 
 , tide ... 
 
 Cloare, cape ... 
 
 Coal 
 
 , Cook's inlet 
 
 , Diitob hurbour 
 
 , Ihinilioldt harbour 
 
 , lliulink harlioiir 
 
 , Kadiak island... 
 
 , I'etropaulovsk 
 
 , St. Paul harbour 
 
 , Sand point 
 
 , L'nala.ska 
 
 '«>• 
 
 , auehorat,'!' 
 
 — , tidal streams 
 
 harbour 
 
 Coehrane iioini 
 Coniniunication 
 
 .18, 
 
 r.i 
 
 17 
 
 (10 
 
 i;( 
 
 -, Duleh harl)cnn' ... 
 -. Ilrmboldt harbour : 
 -, K.itliak island ... 
 -, KarluU 
 
 -. Kiim.'Uidiir^ki is- 
 lands 
 -, Lower Kaniehatka 
 -, Nutsehuk 
 -, I'etropaulovsk ... 
 -. St. Paul harbiMir... 
 -, Sand point 
 -, San Franeiseo ... 
 
 Pa^M. 
 
 . I'd 
 
 lit 
 
 (in 
 
 . 15 
 
 . r.,'jo 
 
 2'1 
 . .-.,4 7 
 
 .Ml 
 . .-., IS 
 
 . !^. -ji; 
 . ,-.,.;:i 
 
 . ."). "Jli 
 .'ili 
 
 , 47. 4x 
 
 . Ill 
 
 I'.l 
 
 JO 
 
 L'o 
 I'.l 
 i:i 
 
 . ."., 1 7 
 
 , rtrrenl*."'] 
 
 -, Sitka 
 
 , Tovvnseiid. port 
 
 - . l.'nala^ka ... 
 — . I'lijra 
 
 , Vladivostock 
 
 Cone peak 
 Constantino bay 
 
 harbour 
 
 Controllers bay 
 Cook's inlet ... 
 
 , coal 
 
 . direciion.s 
 
 . kelp ... 
 
 — , tidal streams , 
 
 .winds ... 
 
 Copper river ... 
 Coral rock 
 Cordova hay ... 
 Countess point 
 Crater point ... 
 
 li:t 
 
 . 4i; 
 II 
 
 10 
 17 
 
 •2:\ 
 ■Jit 
 
 . IS 
 17 
 |o 
 1 •) 
 
 .11, lu 
 
 i;j 
 
 . 53 
 
 Dill"' \"''1 
 
 Dftlu"' V'j 
 
 \»auv;''i'"l 
 
 Darby, >'i| 
 
 \mvidsolJ 
 
 Hays Ivi'f 
 l)e\arot\| 
 \)iivi\'^ 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ... (11 
 
 lil 
 
 III; 
 
 ... 15 
 
 ... rt, 20 
 
 20 
 
 ... .-.,(7 
 
 .■>ij 
 
 ... ."<, I.M 
 
 ... !i.-^n 
 
 ... i"), (i.s 
 
 .. r>.2ii 
 ... .1(1 
 
 ■"'. ^7. Is 
 
 ill 
 111 
 
 20 
 L'(j 
 111 
 
 i;f 
 
 (;;i 
 .'.:! 
 <t; 
 11 
 Id 
 17 
 
 JO 
 L'.i 
 20 
 I.S 
 17 
 10 
 
 ._ Htrait 
 
 r.iviio Navarin .- 
 
 .J .niU of Amvdyr... 
 
 ' St. Taiil inUvml ... 
 
 Paije 
 .. ■»- 
 
 ... ^^- 
 
 ... 42 
 
 r,2 
 
 .'iti 
 
 \'.t, 'jy 
 fi'.i 
 
 tV 
 
 Daliwi point ... 
 
 DanH'TOii'* ^=^1'" 
 I larUy, cape ..• 
 David^'U li ai\k 
 \)ays liurbdiir 
 IKlanilV harliniii' ... 
 Diivil's liroiit;=i 
 
 . - tliumli 
 
 Pick, port ..• 
 DiomciVi inlands 
 l)olj,'oi i-'laml... 
 l)ou'„'las, cape ■•• 
 
 Drift iw", N"'-t"" ^°"'"^ ■■■ y.", 
 Dutch harbour 
 
 . , aucUoraHf 
 
 ________ bcacim 
 
 ZHZ , '"^oy 
 
 , communication ... 
 
 . . coal 
 
 ._ (liri'ctions... 
 
 , jetty 
 
 ., NortH American 
 
 Coinmorcial 
 C.mpauv, depot 
 
 , supplier .•• 
 
 "^_ \ , tidal stream 
 
 , tiili'- 
 
 water 
 
 Eastern Siberia, ooa-t 
 Ea:it Foreland 
 
 shoals 
 
 Krskinc point 
 
 V.stlier island... 
 Etohei', P'""t. ••• - 
 Etolin. capo, auohcragc 
 
 Fairwaj rock 
 
 ridalpo, port... 
 
 Fishing banks 
 
 _. gtatior.n 
 
 I'liit island ... 
 
 I'oiiiitain rock ••• •' 
 
 Vuur Mountains, islands ot 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 Ta 
 
 
 
 4il 
 
 
 13 
 
 ...10 
 
 n 
 
 
 .'•iS 
 
 62 
 12 
 
 » 
 
 \< 
 9 
 
 ... 1'"' 
 
 ... ■■"'• 
 
 -''■ 
 
 2S 
 ... IT 
 ... fil 
 
 ... 3>< 
 
 'i7,i^, ••;:<■'■'' 
 
 (10 
 
 ... 1" 
 ... ■t'^ 
 ... •*" 
 
 ... -17 
 47 
 
 ■17 
 •18 
 47 
 
 (7 
 
 47 
 
 4'.» 
 
 4H 
 
 47 
 
 , tidal 
 streams 
 
 Fox islands passes 
 Freemantle point 
 
 .10. r.i 
 
 Gattan, cape . 
 Oeese islands. 
 
 rock 
 
 Goka point ... 
 
 Glinka bay ••• 
 
 .__, directions 
 
 Golofnin bay, anchorage 
 
 G(doi island ... 
 
 (icirc point. ... 
 
 Gormans strait 
 
 Graham, poi't 
 Grantley harbour ... 
 
 Gravina, port 
 1 Green island ... 
 Greville, oape 
 Gull island ... 
 
 ID 
 
 4',t 
 31 
 SI 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 <>() 
 
 17 
 37 
 19 
 01 
 
 1- 
 13,14 
 
 .28. 2'.' 
 37 
 
 point 
 
 VxT,r island 
 
 '■•no 
 
 islet 
 
 Elizabeth, cape 
 lari.iijton p :)int 
 Elulioh bay ... 
 
 . 75 
 
 .18,20 
 20 
 
 ..4.-.,.VJ 
 32 
 18 
 
 ... 11 
 I'' 
 
 Hall island ... 
 llannins; bay.-. •■• 
 Harriet point, shoal... 
 
 IJawkin island 
 Ueudt:rson island ... 
 High island ... 
 llineUiubrook, cape... 
 - island 
 
 15 
 
 21 
 ...II', 11 
 37 
 37 
 
 y. 10, 15 
 
7S 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hobron, port. 
 
 Holiday island, rock olT 
 Tloly Cress gulf 
 Hunil)ol(U harbour ... 
 • , buov.s 
 
 .com 
 
 , cominuiiicatiou 
 
 directions 
 
 lif-'lit 
 
 Hutchinson hill 
 reof 
 
 Tee, .\kutan pass 
 
 , Anadyr bay 
 
 , liorin^r sea 
 
 , Kamchatka rivc-r 
 
 , Pribilolf island.s 
 
 — , St. Matthew island ... 
 
 Icy hay 
 
 — -jape . . 
 
 Ika;ik, cajii; ... 
 Iliaiuna volcano 
 
 Ilia^ik islands 
 
 Iliulink harbour 
 
 , anchorage 
 
 Inioys 
 
 , landinjjT ... 
 
 — ■ , coal 
 
 . tidal stream 
 
 Indian point 
 
 Inner Ilnmpback 
 
 Irishman's hat 
 
 Ittyjfr.ine island 
 
 Johnstone point 
 
 Kaciiekniak bay 
 Kudluk island 
 
 rock.... 
 
 Kuknu river ... 
 Kalekhta, cape 
 
 I'atre 
 .30, 34 
 . 30 
 
 27 
 
 . 7:i 
 . 36 
 . 36 
 . 36 
 ■M> 
 36 
 36 
 
 :,i 
 
 .. ■*:.• 
 
 73 
 . IL* 
 
 67 
 . 42 
 ,.■12. .-,7 
 
 13 
 7 
 ,. 32 
 . 22 
 .. 3S 
 ,. 48 
 
 48 
 ,. 48 
 ,. 48 
 . 48 
 . 411 
 
 48 
 
 73 
 .27. 28 
 . 4y 
 . 74 
 
 10 
 
 !!• 
 2."> 
 26 
 20 
 46 
 
 Kalpin island 
 
 — -, .shoals 
 
 Kulisin reef 
 
 Kamchatka, gulf of 
 
 , CiLst c<mst 
 
 . buromcter 
 
 , wind.? and 
 
 weather 
 
 Pag:e 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 .)- 
 * — I 
 
 .64.6."> 
 .64. 67 
 
 62 
 
 , river 
 
 , caution... 
 
 , ice 
 
 , pilot 
 
 . tides and tidal 
 
 streams 
 
 62 
 
 6."i 
 
 (;6 
 
 67 
 66 
 
 61) 
 
 Kanii>hak bay 
 
 Kanaki 
 
 Kaniuinski islind. breakers o(T 
 Karluk bay ... 
 
 , tide? 
 
 — , cape... 
 
 — head 
 
 — spit 
 
 , salmon cannerie^ 
 
 Karpa island 
 
 Kaj-ak island 
 
 Kay ne island 
 
 Kelp, "^ook's inlet 
 
 Kenai jieninsula 
 Khituk cape ... 
 Kiguinine island 
 Kiliuda b.?.\ ... 
 
 King's island 
 
 Kiyavak bay ... 
 
 Klno)\elfskn;a, nmniil 
 Klut.chi 
 
 Knights island 
 
 Kuik river ... 
 
 Kn-jwles head 
 
 Komaudorski islamls 
 
 , ccininnirica 
 li(jn 
 . currents 
 
 . fog 
 
 , supplies 
 . It in pi rat u re 
 . winds and 
 weather 
 
 71 
 32 
 .'!■< 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 37 
 8 
 ... 74 
 20 
 13 
 ...4<». 4.S 
 ... 74 
 . .20, 34 
 ... 61 
 
 Korovin islands 
 
 strait 
 
 ICronotskaia volcano 
 luiinuiski. cape 
 
 66 
 
 m 
 n. 14 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 67 
 68 
 
 6,S 
 68 
 ,18 
 <ii 
 68 
 
 6M 
 37 
 37 
 64 
 64 
 
 Ku\nlay 
 Ivuss'ilol 
 
 Kyskal 
 
 Uatovi 
 \.a7.a| 
 T.azyl 
 Ijcnn 
 
INDEX. 
 
 |''oinett'r 
 
 I'lfis 
 
 ■•1)1(1 
 
 l''at]„,f 
 
 J'' ri'lal 
 
 -'I 
 
 ■■''>4.r,:, 
 ■■''>t. (17 
 «2 
 (i2 
 
 62 
 
 <<: 
 
 ■Jo 
 
 htT 
 
 nr, 
 71 
 
 ■■!•< 
 :fj 
 '■i2 
 :tL' 
 
 :ir 
 
 K 
 74 
 21) 
 /.? 
 ••■■<". /.f 
 /-■} 
 
 - 6; 
 ■■■ nn 
 ■■■ r,r, 
 
 -II. J) 
 ■ ■■.'/ 
 
 12 
 
 '•7 
 (J.S 
 
 i!H 
 UK 
 .i,S 
 
 (is 
 
 Kiilulak f,Touiifi ... 
 Knssilof, cape 
 
 , shoal 
 
 river, buoys 
 
 . tide 
 
 Kvska 
 
 Page 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 , 20 
 
 Latouche i'^land 
 LazarefT. cape 
 L.azy l.iay 
 Lcnard rock ... 
 Lida island ... 
 Li'^hthoiise rocks 
 
 rookcrv ... 
 
 Lisianski liay 
 Lisaja-jjalowa. oapp ... 
 Little Koniusbi inland 
 
 Long island 
 
 , breaker off 
 
 , rocks off 
 
 ..v.). 
 
 ...:to 
 
 Lowe 
 
 K.'inii'hatka .. 
 
 - . ^ ancliorajre 
 
 , eoiiimunicati 
 
 . landing 
 
 — . supplies 
 
 , village 
 
 It 
 
 40 
 :!2 
 
 (H 
 
 40 
 
 :i4 
 :u 
 
 T.i 
 
 :!.-) 
 
 2li 
 2(i 
 21; 
 
 (jli 
 
 (Hi 
 
 Iiuekannon hav 
 
 ......4. 
 
 McOonidd bay 
 Maikenzie point 
 .Macleod liay ... 
 
 • , ftnehoraK^ 
 
 Magnet island 
 Mukushin t)ay 
 Manby |)oint ... 
 Marmot bay ... 
 
 isluml 
 
 Meeliigme bay 
 Meechken. oape 
 Middleton island 
 
 -. foul ground 
 . n>ok 
 -. sunken reef 
 
 . lidiil streams 
 
 Medni island... 
 
 , anuhii: 
 
 Monati, cape ... 
 Monolith point 
 Montav'uo isl,-,.nd 
 Morgan, cape... 
 Moss, eapo 
 Moushukli i . ir.U 
 Muuiua. anchorage 
 
 . reefs 
 
 viUagtr 
 
 . o3 
 :21,23 
 . l,-> 
 
 I,". 
 
 I '.I 
 . 4 It 
 
 I 
 
 . .'14 
 2,". 
 74 
 
 ":t 
 ii 
 '.I 
 '.» 
 ft 
 11 
 
 1", i:i, 
 44, 
 
 Pnge 
 
 71 
 
 . 71 
 
 . 71 
 
 . r,;j 
 
 U 
 
 4."> 
 
 38 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 211 
 
 Nagai island .. 
 
 rocks .. 
 
 Narrow strait 
 
 ..:ir.. 
 
 X 
 
 avarin cajie, currents 
 
 Xazan bi)-- 
 
 t ides 
 
 Near islands ... 
 
 island, shoals off 
 
 Xeil .luan. cape 
 
 X.K. piiinl ... 
 
 Xikolski ... 
 
 . anchorage 
 
 , dangers 
 
 —5 . directions 
 
 — -. landing 
 
 -, supplies 
 
 .117 
 
 .Niuitchick 
 
 N'isnakamchatka 
 
 Nome, cai)e ... 
 
 North American f'onimerciril ( 'om- 
 
 pany .■,, 
 
 auchurage 
 
 North-east cape ... 
 
 Northern strait 
 Nnrth I'lmdand 
 
 -. andiorago 
 
 . salmon so ing es. 
 
 tttblisiu.ient 
 
 hill 
 
 Passage rock 
 
 .\orth-«i«t pciiil 
 
 r.-ef 
 
 Norton souti 1 
 
 , drift iue , 
 
 . tides ... 
 
 Niiuneangane island 
 Xiivo-inarin-'k scttleuunt ... 
 
 34 
 
 :i4 
 
 41 
 
 27 
 
 .".0 
 
 :<l 
 
 .51 
 
 .i>X 
 
 08 
 
 , tw 
 20 
 
 .".,•1 
 
 .■!2 
 I.S 
 21 
 
 21 
 .VI 
 l(i 
 li'.t 
 .-.3 
 .-)« 
 <!0 
 
 r.9 
 74 
 
 72 
 
.so 
 
 -Vfnvell peninsula 
 
 ' — point ... 
 
 ♦Viika bay 
 'Viinivak i.sland 
 
 — . shoals 
 
 01 
 
 'servafion point. 
 Olwervaforj- ,,oint .'.'." 
 
 Ool 
 
 an ca])e 
 
 OW liarlioiir 
 
 ~r > <lirfutinnM 
 
 '''tra bar 
 
 Ooskamcliarka 
 Orca ... 
 
 Otter bay 
 
 i.'fland ... 
 
 Outor IIiinipbaLk 
 
 ^I'H'co capo. rfK.k oir" 
 
 Pacifloc.ast Steamship r.o,„pa„ 
 1 aiata point ... 
 
 Pamplona bank 
 
 Tankoff. cape 
 PaH.'iage canal 
 ixhind 
 Pavloir harliour 
 Pestchanaya bay 
 
 ^TT " ■ '""'ling' ... 
 
 iVtersen bay... 
 
 I'eti-oC peninsula 
 
 Petropaulovsk 
 
 ' """' •■• 
 
 ~ I3~ ' ^'""""""''••afion 
 ~~ . Iiarbour 
 
 ~ ' '""t-r haibour 
 1 "lomorial 
 
 —■ position 
 ~ • — ■-, sh(„'il 
 
 ~ ' . sujiplies 
 
 "~ ' • fi'lM". 
 
 ""^ . town 
 
 ■• water 
 
 INHRX. 
 
 Pisa tower. rook , . 
 Pl'n-er :iarl)our 
 P'"Ivji'ini rock 
 
 Pojfnimnoi mountains 
 Popoff island, lle,l oovo 
 
 Btrait ... 
 
 Porjioise harbour 
 
 ~ I'oekg 
 
 Portage bay 
 j Portlnck bank 
 
 I ~ " streams 
 
 J ^ og.sossion point 
 
 P>-eobrajen.ki. anchoraffo 
 
 ~~~ ■ harbour 
 
 I P'-il)ilofl-i.sIamis 
 
 i , ice 
 
 I T> ■ ""~ ' ""cathor 
 
 I rii'Mt rook 
 
 pnnce Willi,!,;; ,0.,,;;; 
 
 f Pi'omoutory capo 
 P^'ividenee bay 
 
 : shoal 
 
 lufe'et, cajie ... 
 
 Py<' islands 
 I'yke p,,i„f 
 
 •at or 
 
 Page 
 
 ••• »■!, 
 
 •■• r,^ 
 ro 
 
 • ■• 1,1 
 
 • ■• .3i: 
 
 ■ ••• ;iti 
 ••. .'ii; 
 ... 11 
 
 • •• ;i7 
 
 ... (!, LU 
 ••• L'4 
 ... I'O 
 
 ;i 
 
 71 
 
 \'i 
 
 .. w 
 
 ■ «'. t!» 
 
 10 
 ■10 
 73 
 
 l'^ 
 
 7.'! 
 
 Ili 
 It) 
 
 14aid bank 
 
 — ■ ''ook 
 liaiiLie point 
 Uaspberry i.sland 
 Kat islands, reer ;;; 
 'leil core 
 JJeloubt b,iy... 
 
 ■ ^voleauo 
 
 Jteet' point 
 Ri'surrectiou bay 
 Ifion, point 
 
 Hooky point, huoy 
 
 ;'"""'' '^""'Py -oek. .;reak. 
 "iish r,)ek 
 
 'Russian hariiour 
 
 •y olF 
 
 •• 72 
 
 .. 72 
 
 .2,5.;i2 
 
 .'it; 
 
 In. 2 J 
 
 ' 22 
 
 r>\. ,->-, 
 
 k; 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 .'!!> 
 
 ..'U. 
 
 Phipps. cape 
 ~ , point.. 
 Pinnacle island 
 ~ rock 
 
 112 
 
 •St. Di, 
 
 "yillS. ,;|p,. 
 
 . mount 
 
 * 
 
 St. Cxc^nrge isU 
 
 re 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 St. Matthew 
 
 St. Miehaol 
 
 St, Orlovs 
 
 St. Paul l! 
 
 Sal>3 
 Bull 
 San 
 Sat 
 
•■■ :>3 
 
 •■• 7,3 
 •• 1,3 
 
 ■ • 3i: 
 ■■ ;iti 
 
 • 11 
 
 .'17 
 
 l>. 'Jl 
 
 LM 
 I'O 
 71 
 71 
 
 .".:( 
 
 41' 
 
 II 
 
 l>. (!) 
 10 
 40 
 7,S 
 
 7,-! 
 /li 
 
 !•: 
 14 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 I).'! 
 
 !5. ;i2 
 
 IKDEX. 
 
 Vaee 
 
 4 
 
 St, Hlin>. *=f^V 
 __. reffs <'" ■•• 
 
 . moiin*"^'" 
 
 St. Oo^'Tg'' '"^""^'^ '"v 
 
 , liiniUn},' ••• 
 
 ' " ^ .. tiilal streiims .•• 
 
 ~'^Z1—- — tules , ■•■ 
 
 rock 
 
 S*,. Lawrence bay ••• ••• j,_ 
 
 , island... 
 
 . ourrciU!' 
 
 St Matthew inland ... 
 
 if>lan(l-<. i'* ••• 
 
 "' islauil. landing: 
 
 . tides aud tidal 
 
 streams •.• 
 
 St. Michael's ... 
 
 . , ancli"ra:-'e ■•• 
 
 , , (livcctioiis .■• 
 
 . , laiidins? 
 
 St. Orlovsk Bcttlcment .■• 
 
 St Paul liarbour 
 
 , a'->ehorat;e 
 
 ^ Itaiik in ... 
 
 . --.coal ... „^, 
 
 ^ , ouin luunication - ' 
 
 "31 .danger*... •• -_^ 
 
 . t'ogs ••■ ■" . " , 
 
 . Xorth channel. ..-il, -i^ 
 
 ' directions 2f< 
 
 -,i,o8ition, . ••■_. •'' 
 
 -■— 2277— — -, »o"t^' channel ...-•, -' 
 
 -■ ■ ■ divectiouH '-^ 
 
 ■— tidal streams 2- 
 
 — , suvvli*^'^--' ■" ., 
 
 ______ , villajrc ... ••■ "^ 
 
 ., -wharf ... •■■ ' 
 
 ______-. island .•• •" ^^j ■ 
 
 ., anchorage... ^ 
 
 " —.currents ..• 
 
 ^. landing .•■ 
 
 ^ rocky patch 
 
 ■" ' tidal streams 
 
 77777— -^ villag« 
 
 Sahh'via hay ... 
 galmonhay ■.• 
 Samalna island 
 Sar.bnrn harbour ■.• 
 
 Sand point ... 
 
 SO n*^«» 
 
 Sandy cove .•• 
 - point ... 
 Sanuakbank... 
 
 ■ islands 
 
 SarychelT stiait 
 
 Scotland rock 
 
 Seal cape 
 
 Sea Lion "'='^^' 
 rooks 
 
 Seal rocks ... 
 . rookeries 
 
 Seals ... 
 
 Sea Otter island .- 
 
 roct 
 
 , -. overfall 
 
 Somidi islands 
 
 Soni.avine strait. 
 
 . shoal 
 
 Shaw bay 
 _ - island ... 
 Shishaldin peak 
 Shumagin, b.uik ■■• 
 island ■ 
 
 HI 
 
 Pagt 
 
 35 
 
 ■"' 
 
 (> 
 
 .-,7 
 
 40 
 
 r.l 
 10. u>. ■•'- 
 
 71 
 ■>r. 
 
 l)ank aul 
 
 shoal 
 
 Sluiyak islaiiil 
 
 Si'jnal-', ■l'^>^- ;•• 
 Siguam island 
 Sitchinak island ..■ 
 , . rocKS 
 
 strait 
 
 __. tidal streams 
 
 tide rips ... 
 
 Sitka, comnuuucatimi - 
 
 Sitkalidak inland .■• 
 
 strait 
 
 Sivutchi island 
 
 Skillokh.lake 
 
 Slcdjioisla.id.,. 
 
 Slime bank ■•• 
 
 Smith. eal>e — 
 Snut' corner cove - 
 
 harbour 
 
 South channel directions ... 
 
 . rock in 
 
 I'assa'-'c rock ... 
 
 Silencer I'oint 
 Spilhedd beacon ■• 
 
 ^;^^;:!!, sunken rock' 
 
 ^^^'l'l'!!!.seUUmient 
 
 _________ water 
 
 Slolhovi eape 
 
 :& 
 
 11 
 
 ;) 
 s;'. 
 
 74 
 74 
 41 
 
 ■s^ 
 
 41 
 
 r> 
 :!."< 
 
 I!.". 
 24 
 
 ir. 
 
 ■.i;( 
 ;v,> 
 
 •.u 
 -.11 
 
 •'" 
 ■.w 
 
 ...tl^^.ti'-' 
 
 \:\ 
 
 r.'j 
 
 ... l- 
 22.23. :!2 
 •M< 
 27 
 !'■' 
 ''" 
 17 
 
 70 
 70 
 70 
 C7 
 
82 
 
 Stony point ... 
 Stuart island... 
 Siicklin^r, a\])c 
 SiifTiiv lunf ])eak 
 SuiiimiT liay ... 
 S.W. point 
 
 7. S 
 
 
 Tchiiplin. cajii' 
 
 . nnohoraij'o .. 
 
 villii^'.- 
 
 Tchutchi 
 
 'J'liin point 
 Three Suints liay 
 
 villii'^'e 
 
 Tiili'«iiniAti'l!\l«tr(':inis. Akutau pa^.' 4." 
 . Aleiiiiun JK- 
 
 IXDEX. 
 
 Vagv I I'iigc 
 
 :,[ Tidf.sund Uflalstri'iuiii", Xorlon 
 
 HOiind .")!• 
 — . Peti'opnul- 
 
 ov-<k CI 
 — , Poril.M-k 
 
 bank L'l, 
 — . St. (■■"iru'i' 
 
 inland .",(1 
 .St. MiiUlii".v 
 
 island .'i? 
 -. St. Paul 
 
 harlionr lis 
 -, St. f'ani 
 
 Island .'i.") 
 -. Sitcliiiiak 
 
 strait r!l 
 -. Tiirna;!ain 
 
 arm lil 
 
 ...;;o, :!.-, 
 .'ill 
 
 — — . Unaljj'a pass I .j. Iii 
 
 Titralda island IS, II 
 
 lands ... i-2 I Tirrnairvik jioint ... 'JJ 
 
 , Alexander. | Tonki cajie liay L'.-) 
 
 eape 72 1 Torporkof i>laiid ...li'*. (Ill 
 
 . .Vnialiili Townsend. port, cunimunieation .. "i 
 
 island 18 Trnek. Sand jioint to rape PankolV .'i^ 
 
 . lieriii;!- sea 42 ! Tradinsf bay 2! 
 
 . Captains I . slioal water ... ... 21 
 
 I'ay I"* Trinity, cajw " •■. :>! 
 
 . <'luilniers islamis :!3 
 
 liarOoiir Id I Tutridak ifdand .'Ci 
 
 , (hat ham. ' . breakers olV ... :!:! 
 
 lii>rl 10 ' • shoal water ... D.'i 
 
 . Chernofl'ski . , sunken rui'ks ... .'!;! 
 
 harbour .'it) j Turnn^'-ain arm i:>, l-<, 21 
 
 .Clarence. : , anehora^'e ... 21 
 
 port CO j , shoal 21 
 
 . Coal bay ... 20 , ti.les 
 
 . Cook's iidi't IH 
 
 . Iluleh har- 
 
 — . tid:il stream 
 
 island 
 
 hour i'.> Turner point ... 
 — , Pour Mount- i Tusluniena lake, 
 
 ains. islands of .12 Two Ifeadtd island 
 
 , Iliuliuk liar- 
 
 Imnr tt) 
 
 . Kamehatka 
 
 river C>(] 
 
 . Knrluk bay ;t:! 
 
 , Khituk.eape 4;< 
 
 . Kussilof 
 
 river 20 
 
 . Mid.lleton 
 
 iiilaud !) 
 
 _ — J .Vazan lay... r>2 
 
 Tyoniek \illage 
 
 Uprak bay 
 
 island 
 
 IJprainok island 
 
 pass 
 
 Uffnuiik hny, anehoraKe 
 1 jut bay 
 
 21 
 2 ■' 
 21 
 
 I 
 
 1'! 
 
 ...:!o. .•)! 
 21 
 
 ...2'.i. m 
 
 2>. 2!t. V.i 
 
 ...i;i.4( 
 
 ... !i;i 
 ... 84 
 
 
INDEX. 
 
 83 
 
 Ukolnoi island 
 Uniga iiiiijK]... 
 Umnakwlaxiil 
 
 ]I!U<S .. 
 
 Uiiahiska island 
 
 , S.W. and Sonth coasts 
 
 UnalL'a island 
 
 pass 
 
 -. tides 
 
 -, tidal stream-i... 
 
 Unga island 
 
 strait ... 
 
 Unimak island 
 
 ]>ass... 
 
 Upnylu, caiic 
 
 T'yak bay 
 
 r—^ anchorage 
 
 Vakselj-a. itapc 
 Valdrs. ])orL ... 
 Va»iliii(! reef ... 
 A'illa^'o covi.' ... 
 Volcanakay ... 
 Vscvid()lr\'olcano 
 
 Walrus islan^ 
 
 landinj;- 
 
 Waters trnint 
 
 Weathflit Ali'Utian islands 
 . I'ribiloft i-^Uiads 
 
 Pag.! 
 ., :t7 
 
 :i'.t 
 .. r.i 
 
 ..(.-., 4() 
 511 
 .. 45 
 ..43. 4.-I 
 .. 4.-- 
 4(i 
 
 ..:{(;, •): 
 
 ill 
 
 .. 4:* 
 
 rtSe 
 
 27 
 
 4I» 
 51 
 
 54. 5: 
 
 55 
 M 
 41 
 41 
 
 Wells, port IS 
 
 Western Aleutian islands, caution 52 
 
 West Foreland 18,20,21 
 
 , rock 21 
 
 Wliitshod.cape ... |ci 
 
 Williams reef 2G. 28 
 
 Wi'ulf". Itering sea ... ... ... 41 
 
 and weather, cast coast of 
 
 lumieliatka ... ... ... ti2 
 
 WinL'hani island ... ... ... M 
 
 Wislow island I'.l 
 
 Wuodcoel: point ... ... .. 15 
 
 Wooded island, buoy 27 
 
 islands ... ... ... 15 
 
 Wosne-^seuski island ^7 
 
 Yaktagc. cnpc 7 
 
 Yakutat bay 7 
 
 anchorage ... ... 7 
 
 York, cajie ... ... ... ... (il 
 
 Yukon harbour ... ... ... ;)5 
 
 river ... ,^ ... ...58. 5'.i 
 
 Yunaska i.slajid ... 52 
 
 Yushin point ... ... ... li'.i 
 
 , anchorage 7ii 
 
 . I'ookerv ... ... (Ill 
 
 ZachareiVskaia Kiy ,^7 
 
 Zajiadnie 'lay, .tnchorage ... ... ."ni 
 
•f 
 
 LONDOS. 
 
 PRIIfTRD FOR nr^Il M.\,n;.>TY'S STATIOXKRY OF0Clu 
 
 V,\ DAULlxr, A: SO>J. Ltd., 1, 2, ;i, & n, Gueat St. Tho.ii.^p Apobtu:, H.C;. 
 
 1895. 
 
 i 
 

 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 1 ^F _ t^ 
 
 5J 
 
 #.