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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 f. , L-^^^JMMijI mm^^^ ■papfw rni. I , i ii» »pilPPWPlT|i iH". WW P— «— — WWPWWyi* CAPtAMJl HAIili i« AMERICA. <-;*'> :«• Thi following Remarlui were, in iabst«|ioa, prepared, not 1on(| after the appearanee of the work to whieh f ney refer, for (he uupeetiou m a (BOtleaMui in this coantay, to whoae kinoMaa the writer had been largely indebted. In the nidat, indeed^ of nitttiuilfnd veryiinoer) oongratulation on the eordialUy iH:leh aeemed ao happily to prerail between the two nationa, Captain Hall eaoM haatily to inform oa, that therrexiated, on the con- temtyt a mirit 6i ** flitttaa^aafaaiOidlty"~-«id while he pledjed a • ^Hiole Un'a obeerfiation aa to ita general |n«vaienee in Oraat IMtjOn, referred to hia late trip ^ lite fJniled Stataa aa having •atianed bim that* c(Krreq»onding tamper waa to be found in that eountry. The intelligeiMe waa no leaa paiaftii than onexpeeled, partiealariy when followed n|)> by a atom deelaration that any attampi to aoften theae *< unkindly feettnjpi" waa not ** eithivr ]H«etiflabla ot deairableL" It waa natnral, andnraudi eireum- ataneea, thrt hia book diottM be eloaely looked into, for the par* poae of aaoertiining the tnnjMr and qualifleationa with wUmA bo Bad enteradoB hlataak and Dean led to eoajduidoiia beUeftd tobia aaemneooiaallify ate lamentable. The tellowing paMa diieloae . IfceraaoltoftltttiaDttDiiaation. T1ieyai«no#pabuAedoi^ttM ' awggeatkw-« 4 i a it w | p | i » faiii o n e that th»y taJWrtt grattar ugA' ehr and eare ttatt Save boM «iaewhered^^yed in reforeawe tn what moat be d e emad the priaMMry objeet of aoHeitnde, with •1) ttnaa wike haM at faeavt «>e eontinoanee of peace wiA of a imyil gaod'tindmal^dfaHE. The writer haabM the tid of the jodipettt of otMn in belfortng that, aKhoogh they tnd|ihit no of .i&iMmt towwda wa eoontn^ th«re vdll bo fooiad ; 111^ rfMM^y In fUraaaa, defefW pnnflae of aallnly ig tDTMpon, Ud «f endeayoorinin" diattpain wtal be '■n^ ■ 'b ^'i the peopl. of tlw United SlalM, whi!« «*V«~ ^)»«2JS!!^ ye. listen with p^tlpacf to til that um b» «tr«dl IndwofMlo* « their in«tit.uUoni, «.i.l of ihfir grMt m«o, 5» th« hope ij^mijt «Nfui» though unp«l»Ubl«, Inith. m wfltwr hM M w » BKtbhVoWie, HowinEi««oinirWtoyiJ|^«J«;«^^ penoii«Cwmo«t liMy to '^•^'^^^•yfe'l^iffaSfSk Fair tdvantof^-fltct • wrilcv ^f »«£• "SLSnES^ feftir, •• ont of thoM -»»« t«»«rW for tbo intenom dlitl»«ll|i» of boing th* I of X trMr;y.""x^wni »*>«»» JFf«[^ Quito untrtinmone*! to i|t olocfl an. tho writer to floattt^AHMt^ Sf Ao^wmJ^ nrtio«^ follita 0/ .otielpolioii. to mMa^ff Srit"toJiSMefewttce U> Which f«Nbwl i|jr •> 0^ h»a»- thU to^wra ^mbukn ii|*wiir to ^i* «J •fSJ^of ?f NgHg loftl «lMK ^a^^^^g^s**^*^ inertdttloa^ nrogptioBof ■"— ' " ' — in ,1 *imum Jill III ,m%^. . u nowMi t»^ n|wr of tlM atfroaiiiMlk. point. Mor^f toi|iNrl|»«»'- Humt lUBetiU i«pr«MnaeM. iMMitvtitbe JViBll WiM tl It bokliBg up • lifM to iiit 9m% MiMtMMiMt, aadl auabliog thoM wh« waioh hit novvncnts to ■•• how eomplotoly hi« eyai «r« But ■ prolimiiMrjr qutttio* mty bo atlod-^OM Jlo*Mf WiMr thb Morlild Mxiotjr «boat wtM ia tbooiM or Mia of yo« iii8aj|l«i4r WlijnotwMp]ro«Ml«o»iip'lnllioiB«iuiliio41y boliM?* •( wdioli iM ipodktl •« Do wo wwvy cjmI frat ouioolvoo^lMat wlMlit«iMof«fiaAiMri(*^ Coftaialjrooi** "ImuitMy, tiMl I hoiNi olwrn tiioMcbitliio fort i»f «M4|Mio«a tlMir port • littlo onriMiooihk, ond tl^i our frioo4« onr UN^wator nv* lUMtlffoo noo41o(ii Mor#4ffMMoti shoot • imXm wMdiil wwM ho^ 8|aN dU;«i(ii#ie diflMprd aMoMthv.'' m^ oittilBppfaigloionwktiMttholMiMr haroMoooMMndod to AHMlMib MiMii^liMlWlNith iho km^im hffOMMOOO- mmA M eM»hio|h"iiMt%i th o tr< w i i iK !■ ifpiy to aMeh ooorte iii m i MK Oo» ho wottiaf loJkilMllo whttovir tt mmf l%hl «■ ol ra in^^ I, o» wdi ft airi^e^ «| lr#ii.ni9:iwiho «i> To i«telflotellio liMmgfror _...^. Oioot Britiia, rnm^JLn tho writii«o lOOoM iaMMtfr IMM HiiAhdoAMio^ II , iMfthy'«vo»oC-ohM|ifi» mA thid tbjriuoMi^to hi iniioi^^H|>.gNNtllfi,lEt^^ iravAi ft gifitt otrafil^^triiioh w%#l«M alMriiNm ei9iii#.u» l#:iiil> pii y "^; iervcd England muat feel that the ateelyarda by which ahn Tm heretofore sought to adjust the baluaco of Kurope, are at SSI moment rendered ««,leM by the weight o the Autoca J Tnd .he i. aufficiently diapoaedto f -"^ ''•^•^^ V.K. Turk a i into the scale. The late overstrained civility of W»e Turk isa ci eumstancc which, at Icaat amongst all the tribe, of the Abo. J gtne. of America, has lK,en invariably found the surest .ndic.- timi of a deadly and woll-concertwl scheme of hostility. When it shall be ascertained, then, that Turkey i. now a mere maaked battery of Uussia on the DunlnncUos, it will probably be difficult for England to avoid adopting some decisive measures, tome when the struggle may. it will of course, so far as she is con- Torned, be carJied on iy her Navy, and In sintv day. after Its commencement, the United State, will be in a rfame, In conse- quTnco of that practice of Imvrtssment which ••Ithor.zes ever / Kitish naval ofricer to take forcibly from Amenean sh.ps ,uch aeamcn as-in his anxiety to complete his crew-he mav ohoose to oronounce British subjects. Is it not worth a struggle, then, onX part of the m .ral and reflecting of both countne., to de. nJecate a temper which will render the calm discussion of such Tsub^^ct quite hopeless? Wfiat P0-«^''« '^^f "♦JK^X Jf^h' from the vulgar and stupid invective which, in a work of he .landing of L Quarterly Review, « '^"•V'f y Prr„/oe?e! United Stat::fl? The very same number which condemns Uene- ra? Washington to speeJy oblivion, u«,s the foHomng laajpi^ge with regard to another favourite of the American people- »«- ne 1 Jackson I. now at the /op qfthe '«^- .^o^. '°"8 ^« "^^ mainUin." *c. "The American statesman is but born to die TnTte forgotten. The Monroes, and Madisone. and Jeffersons, ;;« sunUnto the common herd. We do know that General Jackson's conduct at New Orleans was not such as m the bng- lih army would have promoted the captain of a company to a maiori^ " Surely, this kind of language i. calculated to answer rS purpoi^ whatever; whilst its most obvious effect ..to OTcite a d.ep feeling of resentment towards the only people from Xm it i. Seard. ^ Whither are our repelled affection, to turn? The offer by the late Emperor Alexander of hi. mediaUon be- ivin Great Britain and the United SUtes '^^^Vr^'^^^yj^^ cepted by u., and the conteroptoou. rcjec*)n of it by the other Srty WM h^rd of only after the American ()omm.M.oner» had Erived at St. Petersburgh, and been received with the u most wimth of klndne«. The uniform courte.y--the /"endly in- to^t on all occa.ion8-the solid act. of i*rvice of that >llu,. Irioot perwnage, have mwle a deep unpieesion on the imnd» of witling an forring to the commercial advantages of Sweden, anticipates the time when her sAiiors, <' reunis avec los marina des autrea puis* sanccs do I'Europe forceront pcut etro (^uclquo jour I'Anglo- tcrre a temperor par li justice roxer«i«c de sa superiority mari* time." Why compel America to look forward with pleasure to auch a period aa bearing upon Iho fortunes of a apiteful, li- bellouB, and malignant enemy? Hut it ia high time to revert to CapUin Hall's Travels. The whole of the work, except what rclatea to the personal move- meats of the Captain and his family, cunaista or a comparison between the institutions, character, and manners of the Ameri- cans, compared with thoito of (ircat Britain, alwaya to the dis- fedvantago of the former, and generally conveyed in terma bit- terly saroaatie and contemptuous. It will puxzle the reader to understand how he oould express, on the one hand, more of eu- logium, or, on the other of reprobation; and yet there is found, at pa||e 14 of his Arst volume, the following extraordinary de- claration:— -«< Every word I now publiah to the world, I have repeatedly and openly spoken in company in all parts of the United States; or, if there be any difference between the lan- guage I there uaod in oonveraation and that in which I now write, I am sure it will not be found to consist in overstatement, but rather the contrary." And again: " I repeated openly, and in all companies, every thing I have written in these volumes, and a great deal more than, upon cool reflection, I choose to say ogain." «♦ I never yet saw an American out of temper: I fear I cannot soy half ao much for myself," &c. The additional bit- ternesa imparted to his oral communications could not have been in subsUnoe, but niiust have been in manner; and this idea is strengthened bv another paragraph: *' The lady's suspicions, however, inaUntlytook fire on seeing the eapreasion qf my countenance." That his own deportment was uniformly qf- fennve, may be inferred from his complaining with an amusing naivete, "They were eternally on the dtjensive." Another favourite topic, and one which he good-naturedly, urged upon the Americans on all occasions, w«i their utter insignificance in the scale of nations. " I will now ask, aa 1 have qflen aaked, any candid American, how it would have been possible for us to look across the murky tempest of such days, in order to take a distinct view, or any view at all, of a country lying so far from us as America." " They oannbt, or when brought #1 close auarters, they aeldom deny that they have done ecarce- ly any thing," &c, • 8«e Anmial Reghter for that jr««r, p. 3i7. t The r«ioal«« ••♦« to '»«i^ *»«««> '*»« p«c»jHir objiw*!* of hU ■ cotia ••tood." tn^ •««n»rw»lon of oounUwaiw*." Thui, . on vMlint ill* High-ichool fur fifS«, it Nsw York, Cap'^sn HaU raquctied thai th« po«m of HohmHndtn might be refil**!. TWt bavlnt »>••»> «*«»»•. •«** *>'■ opl»'«»» «'*•"• *' ' •"?!»«*»." MTS ho, "IhOT* i«M«o»i»*/AIHo% to aay ■othfng of tho cham- 3gn«, rioh old Mtdolrf, fr«lt», ind •wootmoota, and varioua JthS good thiJi«i»' yot ho moaod oTor aU thia. It woro an air of oonoort. "TForogwl thoy »ro in a Ulo," Myi tho aagMloM tod wary Dogborry. on hearing Mh prlaoaort proteat their io- ^^JS: Wlfatooold tho erafkjr Yi«(«*» m^n by thn. fttton. ioM him up? What ulterior object* had Ihev? At length, with hi! MCttatomod Ingenuity, ho oootriTod to framo an hypotheala Which Mttlod tbo5l«<«iIty. Thlt Mr*'"!ZJ'!'i^°%" '" i kind of aaporatitioua fooling about thofr dowfty hatred of Eng- chuRdi in old time*, m a oort of oompro«i» with conaolenco, for h«*ouring tho most unohrlatlwiMko proponiiUoa. AnAn»e- tomljM up. br hlf ottwtlon to indi;ra«I«lt, for thoJ Mf' e." Thui, on ;, Caf*iiin HaU ght 00 re<>i(cd. '• I •uppoM," >h did not quite him to ttstd hill n England, thn a Ant ii"ltible, f; Mmlru, thn tn." It it not do, M with tlio «lf to hiT« pre- the L.. !■ should age in England, Boremphaaia?" n Hall WW re- ' Eror/ one, aa atolMitaefiil." Iter aoop, ham, I of the cham- ita, and varioua It wore an air r§ the aaneiooa proteit their la- by thua fatten* At length, with • an hypothMla Itaa it* origrin In hatred of Eng- ta or firanding a rlth eoqaeienee, litlea. AnAme- tny jomMtctunity or the KtthittMl r coUeetiYely to M» following re- •tncera who will But they nait •eemiog |Ji*fer- 1 their eattoma; ^111 reception. 8Me,too,jn unnararaof Hn he Abi». of On- I been espreaaly f mr^trtU to nuuce and report the Irani luilnrc ol' intellectuiil vigour. But the Amcrininii,acc(irnl«3m|itnoua thing* which we And in hit work, and a girnt deal more. I'itr ra waa nothing about him. of •• that gnntlchiM and urbanity" wliirh, in ti»«< language of Sir Walter Scott, when aketcliing hia favoiiriti^ clinractar, "almoat londing iiindne».4." Y«'t iheae proph univcraiilly attract corr<^«ponu wcro proof a^ainat uli provocation, (jiptain Hall aaya, ho went tho length of declaring, that it waa " charactrriatic'* of Am«ri- fona to retain that oninioaity which, with thn more goneruua Engliahman, had poaae i oil with the llnah of th« giina. 't\\ty did not thruat him out of doora, aa tho Archljinhop did Santillanc, wiahing him a groat deal of haupincaa, with a little more tante. When ho returned from Canatia to Now Vork, aftnnhia philippic at Hrockville, ho thus dcscrihca hia reception: '• Wo worn soon, indeed, made aliil more acnaibic of ouraympulhy with it by tho renewed attentions and kind oflicea of every deacription, on the part of fricnda, who would give tho clinroctcr of homo to every quarter of the world." lie cxnreKscn a hope, that hia hook will he received " with the aamofranlt and manly goml humour, which I felt BS tho highrdt cnmplimi»nf to my aincerity, and tho moat friendlyencnuragemontthatcould poaaibly ho oflered to a stranger wiahing to invcfltigatc the truth. Had it iM-cn othcrwiac, or had any ill temper alipped out on these occaaiona, my research's must have been cut phort " And to of another City, after hia return from tho West, •• We could scarcely bclicvo that Pliila- delphis, which however, we had always liked, was tho samo plate, every thing looked so clean and comfortable, and tho peo- ple were all ao kind, and so anxioui to l)«? useful, as if they wished to recompense us for tho hanlships we had boon ex- posed to in tho West." Speaking of the entire ponulation, ho declares, "I must do them the justice to say, that I have rare- ly met a more good naturcd, or perhaps, I should say, a moro good tempered people; for during the whole course of my jour- ney, though I never disguised my sentiments, oven when op- posed to the avowed favourite opmions of the company, I never yet saw an American out of temper." Yet Captain Hall haa meanly consented to borrow the epithet of Tho Quarterly Re- view (No. 78, p. 356,) and to designate tho Americans as « this most thinakinned of all people. '' Another of Captain HaH'a favourite topics, was, it seems, a reference, in a style of his own, to the War of the Revolution. The following passagea may be grouped together, and will sug- geat a few remarks. ** I have often met with people in that country who could scarcely believe me sincere, and thought I must be surely je»t- 10 li^s ins, whfin I declared my enure i(5norance«f many military and Eolitical events of the period alluded to, so momentous to them, owever, that every child was familiar with the minutest de- tails. And they wuuld hardly credit me when 1 baid I had never once heard the names of men, who I learnt, afterwards, were hif^hli/ distiniuishcd on both sides, during the Revolu- tionary War." "We on this side of the Athntic, in the Old Mother Country, who have been robbed of our young, arc not only left without any encouragement to bpeak or think of such things with pleasure, ut this hour of the day, but in times past, have been deterred by every motive of national and personal priile acting in concert Crom ouch inquiries." "Wo, v/ho were then either not in being, or mere children, could have no agreeable motive, as we grtvv up, to tempt us to investigate such a subject for ourselves, or to listen to the tale told us by our seniors in the bitterness of their cpirit. Even if we did hear it spoken of by them, it was alwdys in terms which never encouraged us to push our inquiries farther, or disposed us to think very kindly qf the new countries which had gained their point, in spite of all our etforts to the contrary." " If I were asked to give my countrymen an example of the extent of the ignorance which prevails in America with respect to En- gland, I might instance the erroneous, hut almost universal opinion in that country, that the wani of cordiality, with which the English look upon them, has its origin in the old recollections alluded to: and I could nev^r convince them that ouch vindictive retrospections, which it is the avowed pride and delight of America to keep alive in their pristine asperity, were entirely ybrc(g-n to the national characier of the En- glish, and inoonc 'stent with that hearty John Bull spirit, which teaches them to forget all about a quarrel, great or small, the moment the fight is over, and they have shaken hands with their enemy in token of such a conipact. At the same time I cannot, and ne/er did deny, that there existed amongst us a considerable degiee of unkindly fueling towards America, but this I contended was ascribable not by any means *o past squab- bles, rscent or remote, but exclusively to causes actuclly in ope- ration, in their full force at the present moment, and lying far deeper than the memory of these by-gone wars." •• There is this very material, and I take the liberty of saying characteris- tic difference between the two cases. \Ve have long ago forgot- ten and forgiveo — out and out^ — all that passed," &c. " Over the speeker'a head, was, of course, the large well knowr ^iic- ture of General Wasinngton, »*r/A his hand stretched out, in the same unvaried attitude in ^hich we had alieiidy seen him repT.^esented in muny hundreds, I may say thousands, of places^ frr>'.n the Gapit-i--aa«-r ■ %..',.wu-j..^'.„iL, ^■.. ..<^ W!f / iniliUiry and ntoustQ them, ! minutest de- 1 baid I had t, afterwards, x the Revolu- Tc, in the Old loung, arc not think of such : in times past, and personal "Wo, who could have no to investigate lale told us by Jveii if we did s which never disposed us to i had gained rary." " If I of the extent respect to En- nost universal fdialiiy, with igin in the old ince them that avowed p'rida iatino asperjty, er of the En- 11 spirit, which t or small, the en hands with ne same time I 1 amongst us a 3 America, but s ♦o past squab- ictuclly in ope- :, and lying far ." ••There is ig characteris- ongagoforgot- " &c. "Over ell knowr T^ic- ^etched out, in le&dyseen him andSf of places, to his premises; his inference is manifestly absard. But all this serves only as on introduction to his remark, that it is characteristic of the Americans to cherish national resent- ments, and his reason for fixing so odious a charge An a people whom ho found most mild, placable, and good teispercd, is, that v^MW^WMKtMPMW^ t3tA ,«: ■M 12 they did no( seem to linvc the same morbid horror, as himself, of looking into the History of the Revolution. Thus hia doc- trine would seem to be that no incidents should be remenjbered by either party to a war, unless they arc of a flattering character to both of the combatants, and that there should be inserted in every Treaty of Peaco an article declaring what battles may be talked of without danger or offence. Yet in England, the Frenchman is still doomed at the theatres and the places of edu- cation, to hear perpetual allusions to matters as far " by-gone^ as the battle of Agincourt; the schoolboy yet spouts — << rtell thee, hf.nld, I thought upon one pair of Rnghsh le^s Did march three Frenchmen! yet forg>ive me, God, Hut 1 do bmg Uuis. This your air of France lias blown tliat vice on me!" and the youthful king is heard to cheer his followers with the hope of that very reward, which Captain Hall assures us Ame- rican gratitude has bestowed on the heroes of the Uevolutioa: — "This stor>' shall the good man teach hia ion." "Our names Familiar in their moutha as household words." . "Behcno'erso vile This d&y diall gentle his condition." Would not an Englishman be inclined to smile at hearing his visiter from the other side of the Chainnel complein that wherc- cver he went in London — amongst the living or the dead — he found something to force on his attention the recollection of the conteatfl of the two nations? The monuments at Westminster Abbey and St Paul's embody the strife of ages: If he walk about the town he finds himself in Waterloo Place: if he wish to cross the river, he is recommended to Waterloo Bridge; and he cannot take an airing in Hyde Park but there is the Duke of Welling- ton, under the ^ise of Achilles, with Isgs and arms << eternal- ly extended," frowning defiance at him, from a pedestal labelled with satire on France. In vain v/ould he declt^re that he had forgotten all about these matters, **o\it and out;" that a chival- rous Frenchman scorned to retain animosity, and that it almost maddened him to see so many images, " hundreds, I may say thousands," of "The conqueror of Napoleon," on sign-posts, snuff-boxes, coffee-pots, and pocket handkerchiefs. It would be equally in vain for the Spaniard to ask that the tapestry of the House of Lords should be taken down as commemorative of ** by-gone" hostility, and as having furnished so many irri- tating allusions against bis country. But the most alarming disclosure as to the Captain's temper is in the following confession, after he had been only a few weeks in the country: ^* I acknowledge fairly th< v Iter some experience in the embarrassing science of travellin^^ I have often been so ^ '1i''i»i'amini"ii» ji l l W ia ii. l Y ii m l M i 'il li swfe ii aant a ^i- .-'i as himself, us hia doo- smembered g character inserted in les may be igland, the ices of edu- ' by-gone** TS with the 08 us Ame* volution: — hearing his that where- 10 dead — he ction of the ^Westminster i walk about ish to cross id he cannot of Welling- ts " eternal- istal labelled that he had liat a chival- lat it almost I, I may say I sign-posts, >. It would tapestry of imemorative many irri- n's temper is fo w weeks ia e experience iften been so 13 much out of humour with the people amongHt whom I was wan- (lering, that I have most perversely derived pleasure from meet- ing things to find fault with; and verj/ often, I am ashamed to say, when asking for information, have detected that mi/ wish zvas rather to prove my original and prejudiced conceptions right, than to discover that J had previously done the people injustice." He visited one of the watering places, hut it was after the season had passed; and the building seems to have been hastily run up to accommodate an unexpected crowd of company. " It is true we were at the Springs after the season was over, and, therefore, saw nothing in the best style; but I must describe things as I found them, inspite of the explanations and apologies which were showered upon me whenever anything, no matter how small or how great, wasobjected to. He wished one of tho windowsof the dining-room to be kept open, " but there had not been time to place any counterpoises, nor even any bolt or button to hold it up; the waiter, however, as usual, had a resource at hand, and without apology or excuse, caughiupthe nearestchair, and placing it in the window seat, allowed the sash to rest upon it" The poor people must haVe had a hard time, with a guest, who, in the same breath, damns them because they shower apolo- gies on him, and because they do not offer any apology for com- plying as far as could be done, with his wishes. Agara; '< Wheh the Chambermaid was wanted, tho only resource was to pro- ceed to the top of the stair, and there pull a bell-rope^ common to thei whole range of apartments." It is not until near the ok>8e of the book that we are led ioto a secret as to the bodily condition of Captain Hall, which may, perhaps serve as a clue, to many of his irregularitiea of temper. Certain expressions occur, which lead us, charitably, to frame for him the apolo^ which has been made for his countryman and prototype as a traveller — Smelfungus. Thus he speaks of a tourist being so entirely out of conceit, as it is called, with the whole journey, and every thing connected with it, that he may wonder why he ever undertook the expedition, and heartily wish it over. At such times all things are seen through a bil- lious medium," (vol. 3, pp. 306, 7.) With an amiable frank- ness he lets us into all tho little personal peculiarities, which self-examination or the close observation of others had detected. Thus: " I have not much title, they tell me, to the name of gourmond or epicure." Yet in the very same page he is seen heedlessly running into an excess, which any body could tell him would bring on his complaint. The only expression of enthusiasm in his book is about his meals. « A thousand years would not wir. e out the recollection of bur first breakfast at New York," and ;»Kjan he speaks of "the glorious breakfast," and finally declares it was « as lively a picture of Mahomet's sensual ii .imi •kt a^ HM lMM f^ ' tHmii. ' ..' 14 piiradiM, M could be imtgined; nothing but vhame, I tutpect^ prerentpd me from exhAUsting the patience of the panting w«i> tcrt, by further demands fototoait, rolis, and fiah," (the very worat Uiinci he could take.) Of course after such • piece of i*^- diacretion he ia aa heevy, miaerab)e, and peeviah, aa that Sophy whom Byron eommeraoratea, and whoae aa?age cruelty of tem- per ia referred to the lik« doranpteinont of thn digeative organa. Wc may advert to another of the topioa of couveraation oy « perpetual introduoUoD, of which Cfiptain Hall aooght to render himaelf agreeable. " The practical difficulty which men who become wealthy liaTe to ensounter in Ameriea, ia the total ahstnee of a perma- nent money-apending claaa In the aociety, ready not only to ay mpathise with them, but to aerve aa modfih in thU difficult art." " A merchant, or any other profeaaed nun of buw- neas, in England, ha» alifraya before hia eyea a hrce and per- manent money-spending claaa lo adjuat his habita by. He is alao, to a cerUin extent, in the way of eommunieaUn| fami- liarly with thoae, who having derived their riehea by inheri- tance, are exempted from all that peraonal experience, in the science o/ accumulation, whieh has a tendeacy to augment the difficuKy of apend'mg it well." If the reader haa had the patieoce to follow this expoaitioa of CepUin Hall's temper and course of conduct, it will scarcely be deemed a matter of aurprise, that, in theae discui^sions, his ■ntagonists did not deem it tMt part to pay extravagant com- plimenU *jo the institutions oast up to them in the way pf dis- parasing contraat He represents hinMelf as uttering, on all oceasioDS, and in every company, the severe tiiings'he hss here ];riiited, nnd wont. Surely, then, a gentlemim or a lady, forced to be "aiutayi. on the d^ensim, might well leave the other aide toa ehampUm whose voice, gestures, and " expres- «ioo of eouhtenwice," ^ere all enlistedi It appears that Cap- tain Hall ia a Scotchman. Let us suppose Uiat he were to tra- vel over England in the same temper, and holding pretty mush the same language ae thst in which his countryman, Sir Arehy . Mae Sareamn, makee love: «« Sir Jirehif. Why, nadam, in 3eoiland» aw oar nobeelHy are apmng Irai monardis, warriors, heroes, and glorious MM«ve- ments; now, here^ I' th' South, ye ere ew sprung fttif sugar bonheads, rum pttteheoBS, wool^ki^ hop sacks, "««,•>«% andter jaokets; in short, ye are a compositifm of Jews, Turks, and Refogees, and of aw the comiBereiaU>M|Mirts of 4he land and sfa»< a sort «f aindiibtoM breed ye viiM^ ^ «« Cia^UUe. Ha, fam hal we «*e e strt»p taiirture indeed, wrthinc UkoEStf pave end wAle » you arein the North. _ « m» Archp. O, naithiog like it, mAoM naithi»g like il^ ,rw,' 'i^i:^^' %4mmMtmmiiuVMm\wiil^*k\ (le, I suspect) wanting w»l» ," (the very A piece of irt- u ih«t Sophy ruelty of tern- Mtive orgMit. ersation oy a ght to rendw lome wealthy !0 of a pertna- \f not only to thit difficult man oibuw- brce and pei^ ta by. He is aieaUn| fami- nes by inheri- rienee, io the ) augment the bis exposition t will scared^ iscui^aions, his ravagant com- le way pf die- ter ing, on all gs'he haa here in or a lady, w«ll leave the and "exprea- ears that Cep- le were to tra- g pretty mtt.?h an. Sir Archy oar nobeelity n-iouaaiUeve- ing ftaif mpur sk^ iron bars^ Jews, Turks, rts of 4he land ixture-iMleady North/* ^ thins like i**^ MMIMMi ■/^: ■'k we are of anaither keedney. Now, madam, as ye yaursel are nai weel propagated, as yee h»i the misfortune to be a cheeld o' commRrce, ye should endeavour to mark yeer espousala in- tul yean of oor aunoient noblo famcclics of the North; for yeo mun ken, madam, that sic an alliance will purify ye^i blood, ane gi yee a lonk and consequence in the world that ow .your palf, were it as mucklo as the Bank of Edinburgh, could not- purchase for you." . The nature of his quarrel with the Irish Sir Callaghan, about a matter so far by-gone as the mode in which Scotland was peopled, may be gathered from his denun- ciation, « Though yeer ignorance and vanety would make con- ^U0ror», and lavishers of yeer luncestors," &c. ; and these are his parting words of advice, " But now. Sir Callaghan, let mo tell ye, ass a friend, ye shoald never enter intul a diftpute about leeterature, history, or the anteequity of fameelies, frai ye ha' gotten sick a wecked, aukard, cursed jargon upon your tongue; that yee are never inteelegeble in yeer language." Imagine a Scotchman, in this temper protruding on every company in England, into which he might gain admittance, a loud and vehement preference Of the institutions, society, and manners of his part of the Island, over those of the Sister Kin|dc:. . Such conduct would, in the first instence, be gently parried, as only silly and ill-bred, but if his letters of intro- duction were such as to cause his frequent reappearance in sO' ciety, and he were found there perpetually indulging in the language of disparagement — putting on a harsh and contemptu- ous ** expresaton of countenance" towards tho lady next tp him at theta}>le, who might venture to question his (pinions, it is scarcely possible to believe that ho could escape rebuke. Had he lived in the days of Dr. Johnson, and found his way to the Glub, what a glorious day for Boswellf Writing to his Biographer («t 66,) the great Lexicographer snys, '< My dear Boswell, I am surprised that knowing as you do, the disposi- tion of your countrymen to tell lies in favour of eaph other, you can be at ail affected by any t^ports that circulate among them." Bbswdi adds, tn a shy, timid note, ".My friend has, in his letter, relied upon my testimony, with a confidence of which the ground has escaped my recolleetion.'* Even from gentler spirita he would be very apt to hear of «ome of those matten h'.s vision was not only unifljinriidl* but qiened fully upon the ma^ificent features of that beautiful region, and the charac- ter of its frank-spirited and generous people. ** The narrow bends or reaches also of the magnificent Ohio, just At this spot, covered over witii steam-boats andrafta, and fringed with noble forests and numberless villas, added greatly to the enchantment of the scenery at this most interesting section of all the back- woods. I neied hardly iay that our letters of introiliiction soon brought troops of friends to our service, who, u in every other part of thi» hoapitable country* were anxious to make our stay agpweable and (Mrofitable." . Iptheeelebrated * v^tik will make tbpA always ""■•■■ifir'ifrr*"*rltTT'TiY-"""iifT- -"t- ■-■"'ft-iiiir-iiimriM .aX. to Uke rome- ir from being nded to make he had left at Sea> wwM btt nhitfiniibad sd. neWoUU liott to it wM thiitheetM? id UUbred w »f Bttldng in* or imliiMftioti dbiiieD'-^ebr nee, their tio- . !■, andilleve- e absurd tem- 8 ainong the I ai 10 KtlA»r ily duped by le melAneholy meotal frieim I, and the few- ■eader wilFbe, wnrightquar- ns the justice I good part" rould scarcely it, the loss of aed fully upon nd the charae- " The narrow It Ht this spot, ;ed with noble I enchantment 'all the back- o(iiiction soon n every other miJuaurstiy thus states the guageisafun- )t too deejply r EiMri«n4 and Btlipl»I#»yB 17 take to and reeogniie each other. But an iRsurmountablki Wrier is raised up between people of a difierent language, who cannot utter a word without p«eo!l«cting that they do not belong to the same Montry; betwixt whom every transmission of thought it an irk- ■ome labour, and notan enjoyment ; who never eome tounderstand «Mk other thoroiii^hly ; and with whom the result of eonversation, Hwrthe fatigueof unavailing efforts, is to find themselves mutually ndloulujs. *^Nor should one be astonished to And thisassimilatioa tpwanbCogland in a country, the dintingiiahingfeaturesof whose mrn^t 0«veminent, whether in the Federal Union, or in the se« piMM SlitflM M« impressed with so atrong a resemblance to the IpMt Uneemaati of the English Constitution. Upon what do^B Mdividlaal liberty rest at thia day in Amerioa? Upon the same WaitdltilM at English Liberty,^ upon the Hobeas Corpus snd the Tri«l Iw lurv. Assist at the Sittings of ConEress, and of these of Hw Legislatures of I'he separate States. Whence are ukeft thoir i{llo|nfoas, their analogies, their eumples? From the Eng- ^'^ih'l^l^fi^from the customs of Great C/iuin-^from the rules ! rafHaoient Enter into the Courts of Justice, what authorities »they cite? The Statutes, the Judgments, the Decisions, of the Jigliab Courts. Doubtleas, if such men have not an inclination Iwarda Great Britain, we must renounce all knowJedge of the influente of laws upon man, and deny the modifications whieh h» reeoivea from all thst surrounds him " We will consent to use* on such a sobjeet, the testimony of Lieutenant De Roos; '• Nothing can be more unfounded than the DOtioo whieh is generally entertaioed, that a feeling of rancour and animosity apinM %igbod and Bngliabmen, pervades the United Stataa.*' ** Thfj^ vilified in ,«ir Journala, and ridi-. euled upon our Stan^i^^ilt be foumli upon nearer inapec* tion» to be brave, mnnUfHi^ kiod-hearted, and uoprtgudiced; though imprepaed wltbaaaideot, perhaps au exscgeinted, ad- ibiration of their own eojuntry, they speak of others v7ithoot eory, mslignity, or (tetraiotioD." ** One introduction is suffi- uient to secure to an Englishman a general and tordial welcome.'' " At New York the character of an Englishman is a passport, •nd it was io thia ^ireumatMMt that we owed the fadlity of bur entrance and the kindness ot our reoepikion. ** At a labie tPhott, " We were» however, treeted with the greatest civility by tiia promisetiOus party who drank the king's health, out of wmpli* ment to our niition." Mr. Stanley t a Member of PariiaEQent, wbareeently travelled hi the tJuited States; I>el4 in the Houte of Commons, th-t f^ lowing language. ** So aifnng were the ties of a commoi; oi '<|la that aft E'lgliah igu^mm travelling in that Great RepuUio (a 8^ to flMet wiui die iiMll^HIWitable rec^on> aa he well knwti by iMwaonal «perience. ) iHbAt great eooati^ was proud \te aor knoirled leisure to read boofca writWn paolMaedly on thoee topics, m even to take steps for making mell ec^uainted with whal.il .IIm^ pTthodotK phiiMophy «^fi- o^aiag tlim." He SRMii^ l| b ,irue» a( ♦* • HltUi ofassio^ bnowiedge," picked u^;Sji|i JHyenjlbl^Tf/' but hia few. of ««WaM4hlU anpi 1(1 would feci lOT Mch duH luld be found ^plc, when moat n—r\f, Btar? Not a re of Uod or rliat hu boon in it Even ty, w« Uloljr ' ukoo fro« elTil pro«Mf> of KoflMd, • WM liuntod i him witliln Ull WM «ur- leHi shop in rt, ho ujt, it rocent Engr I ponoDS who before their r oeighboutu^ r Lord RejTr recently ww in England* le to ougge- irlved by the oiaturer agfB? Ca|Aain Halt iment, it may inna which bp object of the smpariaon ba- Great Britain I acquaintance t preliminary \$ parte of the i so earlyi in- >y a figure of have Min «// arioua parts of booka writtan pa for makinf \it9iophu con- little etasaio|l tuthia fear.^f #*■ 10 having loat it is expressed In such a vny, that wo are rcminiled of Dr. Johnson's well-known reply to the young gentleman, who complained of an actual loss nf tho aame dtserintion. Of- ten as he vaunts, in his eonvarsationa, of the necessity in Kng- hnd of a "certain amount of elaasieti knowledge," as the *Mn> dfipenssble mark of a gentleman," he forthwith evades any far« ther pursuit of th«> subject, or any friendly comparison of notes, by hsstily adding, " always excepting, as you very well know, Dsvsl eaptsint snd country squires.'' In short— taking these eircomstsnees in connexion with a reference which is made to tho aeductivc influence of Robinaon Crusoe, in *' luring incor- rigible runnagates to aea" — it is probable that the expression Ivhieh he uses, aa to the early commencement of his rambles, is 'not very fsr from being literally true. In no other way is it poaalble to aeeoant for the utter ignorance which ho betrays of •omeorthe moat ftimiliar principles of the British Constitution, an Ignoraneu of which sny landsmsn would surely be ashamed. Thus with regard to the king, it is said by Blackstone, (vot. 1. p. t46.) ** The king can do no wrong. Which ancient and yim- thtmtnlal maxlm^ Ac." And again, (vol. 3. p. 9S5.) "That the king can do no wrong ia a necessary and fundamentnl pHneipte qf the BngUih CoMtitutioa** But mark the tru- ly saitor-like style in which Captain Hall refers to this "neces- ■arv and fundamental principle of the English Conktitution," and the foundation on which he supposes it to rest! ** In Eng> land there is a wetl-known saying, The king can do no wrong*, ' tbas reeling thia great prmeiple on the same .noting as <• a cat aay look at a king, "or any other equally ** well known sa)r- iog," touching the ra|pil oflce. Would Captain HaH deelara it ** a well-known saying" in Elngland, that a member of Parlia- mant cannot be questioned elsewhere for what he uttera in tiic House? Surely not. And the strange ignonmeo h« hM a0« trayed, however it may be palliated ny his roving Robinsbn Crusoe hidlnta, cannot well be exeuaed in one who naa reaehad • raspeetable rank in the British Navy. With regard to the Judicial estabilshmenta of the two conn- triea he is perpetually referring, in the fainguage of taont, to the Buperior firmnesa of the tenure of office in England. It ia plain from every word ho litters, that he ia under a eompl^tn driaaion aa to the real atata of the fact In England, dia JudgM oa* be ramoved by a bare majority of the legisiatwre^ without any form nf trial, or «ycb an allegation of their having eeramittad wy af* fanee, Paley atatea thb with hia asqal correctnaaa, (Prinoiplaa of Moral and Pblitioal Philoabphy.) "At proteetiort againat ovary iUegal atta«fc untn the ftrirfa of the subject by the aar- vaoto of the Crown $ be MJMnt feff from these tribunaUs the Jiidgea af tho Lant lt u m t i t MTiillliiltientiy the avbitraiofv bo- %'99tmk tlw king aaa4 ito fwa^mtimm aeeotint fbo^ eogbt to :) .■rf'"-'T->«t>l»r. aolemn »nd authentic way by which /A« tH*tati4Ateiion t\f the t'eopU can be expri^aaed Mr. Hallam in hia Conatilutiunal llittory, (vol. 1. p. >t4A,) remarka, <• No Juftg* can bo diamiaarii from ofAce, eioept in conaequenee of a oenvietioQ for aome oflunr , or tho addreaa of both llouaM of Parlianu»a at all. Thej' may defy the preaident and both Houafa of Congreaa. In the Statea where thia Engliah proviaioii haa been copied, it haa been nmdered comparatively harmleaa by requiring the concurrence of t%oo- thirda of each branch of the Lvgialature in or«ier to effect a re- moval. Lot ua auppoae, fur the aake of illuatration, a queation to arias on the Emancipation Bill, aa it ia called of laat Seaaion. Thft moat atrenuoua aupportera of that Bill, admitted it to be a vio> lation of what they deaignated aa the Conatitution of 1688. In Mr. Ped'a apeech, lena than a year before, he declared •• If the Conatitution waa to be conaidered to be the King,Lorda,andCoiao mona, it would be subverting that Conttitution i» admit Ro- man Catholica to the prrvitegoa they aought; it would be an im- portant change in the Sute of the Conttitution ae eatabliahtd at the Hetvotvtion." (Speech in Mav, 18:^8.) Lord Tenter* den, the Chief Juatice of the Court of King'a Bench, in reaiat- ing in the HoUae of Lorda, the Bill aubaequently introduced by Mr. Peel himaelf, de' tared that *• he looked upon the propoaed meaaure att leading by a broad and direct road fo the overthrow of the Prateatant Church *' (Timea, 6 April, 1880.) Suppoae the 8e!:jeaat at Arma ahould thruat back Mr. O'Conoell on bif attempting to enter the Houae of Com non% or any other oauae ariae bringing up the Act Were Lord Teoterden, m a Judm, to uae any language of an unaatiaiactory kind, he might be hurM from hia aeat by that very Legialature, which waa induced to paaa the I^aw. In the United Statea, the people have denied themaelvea thia power. Mr. Chit^f Juatice Marahali might move intrepidly on, where Lord Chief Juatipe Tenterdeo muat ftbH or be aatirifieed. Congreaa /aiVi^ and tfwUty repreaettc tli« Whole country, yet it hat oot the foirar «C • Britifh flariiM^Mt , «quall]r da* ha onti, ihfljf • \\v» policjr ir Conatittt- on held lh«ir b*" dtprimd Pariiamflnti r which /A« Mr. Halbm narka, «' No (qiicncfl of • Ih lioiiaea of tgitlalurt. " Mam* eaating lutige whoaa the caat ia lh« National n«7 dofy th« itatea wher* en renderml inc« of twO' aflect a ra- ition to artM aaion. Tho to b« a vio« >f 1688. la ired "IftlM da, and Coni- es admit Ho- ld be an im- tttabliahtd ■ord Tenter* eh, in reaiit> traduced by he propoaed e overthrow .) Suppoaa moeli on bit other oauM , M a Judm, ;ht be hurled induced to liave deniad mifht movt 1 moat jrieUr:, p r eaat te tlm ff to bring to bear on Judgea what Paley calli « the diapleunire of It It a aubjflct of curiotia refleelion Uiat until the ronttilulion of 1688, or rather until the I3lh year of William III., Ju«lgaa ware, aa Paley remarka, the creature* of Iho Crown. The ae- ImI power of jufiieial appointment at prnarnt rr*iiii'S in Mr. Peel, the Hom<> 54ecr«tary. lie haa aaid that the ( unalitution of lflN8, would b 1 ^(ipfcawii^i^aF*jaia^H^^i'ftap^^ - &iAi ■r-.rr' •» im » HHiH iii< H l > -i.ll Pu ilt i ll -' l il ' I Il iHH lU l h lf mmmmm- u wmi — >> • dere*! im«m«ihU. tnA hit cindld incltijinwlnt* tipottu* of than may kid »o • r«form«u«n, wliiclt mi^Ul iiiv*- J***!! itrojiftlpd for !• Til«i by lho«« who*« motives wern mort liahJ* to •utpipion. Thui h« »«»'V )«»«»ly «l«nii»'i.i 'Wmt^r. 1 ;« le- nurt, by which thiaalmoet bound ; ,;*' ;;|;''**'*f"'r*'"!?l the intereeta of the Community la held? The will of the lyii- niater of the day. Hla bfwth ean make or unmake the Lord Chaneellor. A Premier would inatantly reaiiu if »»«J««>«'«J wiah for the removal of thia officer ahould be diaremrded. Such ft refuaal would be conaldered aa depriving him of an authority MMOtid to the diaeipKne of the CabW, whI to that concert aod cordiality on which the auceeae of ita moaaufea muat ao grMtly deoend. When it ia recollected that within the brief ^.of „iK mootha. there atood ^ tbo hewl of >ff*i";° Q'^ '^ four dilTeroot indlvldoala io ojeccMiioD, (Lord Li««pmi. i«N Cwning, Lonl Oodorieh. the Duke of Wellhigto*,) htrtjl It^ dily be eoDCoded that the Chancellor can n«v^*^^ ... . M ahogeiher tefe, tince he it liable to be ■»«gww»t ■** ""^y to any particular aeheme of policy, which ho it MJUMtaw JJ*** iag» Wt ovon to thoao iiopcilaei of tempw, on On «Qe mm or r BMI Mtei»». .*.,-' .•?«yaB(w»SiH£''- .«>'#¥•> ittim of them itrojiAlFiS for to •(■•{iiriun. ■ few uf lh« r»— Ihinkinf (irion o'' i««f- Inittil Hulct, thrown twiy iiiinK to r«f«r ■nner, to th« htl wn evil of rm iiiftnilely r ttiipitmluuf. of Cliiiicjsry. urt-i-nay, to* lh« Tsiue uf sir inovi*ablet off ihff wJiolo uver. Il« ju- I may b« taiil ;lly, the inte- I eommunity. intlir«ct pnie- ■«adily veiled, tbjeet of auA* ^ouitl a«arcflly itinatiiiK tem< in iu laboura, idingfl powwaa em the aaper- Vha; r l.^te- Danxiettetand -ill of the Mi- ake the Lord f hia declared rirded. Such an authority lat concert sad KuataogrMtfy brief epeeaof OrMt Britain, i wi wo l . Mbh Mf) h trill W^ mmm N),«ii tlkMlt- W the other, throtinh which Mr. Ilotkiaaon ceaaed to be a Mini*. ter. it M>eiiia to be uitivcrMlly agrncil that l^rmm1 He nut TOted for the Relief llill of Kaai SeMton. If we toointnienl, aa apfwiira by hia own lettera, wua brought about by liurkii«• As length hU bribery and venality became ao flagrant and no- tOTM^i, wsi U WM found neceasary to put him uide. ,. ^^throaght about the diamifMlof I>ar(l Clarendon from 1 "MMtfb^MMMV wrlrtfeS^tiW"* the Sftme h'}%h office? We are told that the (gravity of hia ie- portmekit ' struck a very unpleasing awe into a courl. filled wKh licentioun persons uf both sexes;" certain false sugKeations were in conseiiuence got up, which, "aasiated by the aoHcitations of the ladies of pleiiture, iDade such impressions upon the king, that he at last gar^ way and became willing, and .ven pleased to part both from his person and servicea. " (Cha!mer*a Biogra- phical Dictionary, ari. Hyde.) Pepys, Secretary to the Admi- ralty, in the reign of Charles II. thus refers, in hie Diary re- cently edited by Lord Braybfooke, to the srme transaction. " This day, Mr. Pierce, the Surgeon, was with me; and tells me liow this business of my Lord Chancellor's was certainly deigned in my Liidy Caatlemaine's chamber; and that when he went from the king on Monday morning, she was in bed, (though about twelve o'clock,) piul ran put in her smock into her aviary, looking into Whitehall Garden; and thither her wo- man brought her her night-gown; and stood blessing herself at the old man's going away.'" Clarendon's integrity could not be overcome. Had he proved weitk as Lord Bacon, he would have been drawn into the same wretched thraldom to the male or femaln favourite- of the hour. InQuence, wherever lodged, would hf ve bepn an object of dread; and the power of alarming the anxieties of the Chancellor have proved the hpsX perquisite of the king's mistress. A magistratjB thus debased would quickly come to understand that he inight give as much offence by ^n honest decree as by the gravity of his deportment, and even should an exposure ultimately take place, it would be impossible to trace the tair.i of corruption through the vast and complicated business of^the Court, much loss to redress the misohiet which had been done. Comioc into the next century, we find Lord Chancellor Me Earl of lifacclesfieldt dtagraced for, bribery and venality. Thp cirQumatanjfces which. more recently led to the dtsmiMiI of Lord Camden are thus stated, by the Earl of Chatham, in his speech explanatory of the pension granted to thdt iiluBtriouf magistrate, pritirXo his. appointment ai Chancellor. (See Geor tleman's Magazine for 17'?0, p. 104.) ^* I recommended him to be Chancellor, his public and private vii'tues were acknow- ledged by all; they rmtde his aituatum more precuitoui. I could not reasonably expect from him that he should quit the Chief JuMi?ciihip of the Common Pleas which he held for JU and ptii himself in the poi/^er oi those who were not to*| tnisted to be dismissed Jrom the Chancery perhaps the day dfter his appointment. The public has not been deceived by his conduct. My suspicions have been justified. Hi^ integri' iy has made him ohce more a poor and et private man; he waa dismissed for the vote he gave In favour M the right of elstt- tion in the subject." In the same volume, page; 141, will be ''=''W!fW^W^'1*MSftfw!flWfl!!wiSi^)'^W iia ity of hii de- liii. filled wHh Kestionn were Hcitaliona of on the king, .veil pleased mer't Biogra- lo the Admi- is Diary re- 3 transaction, me; and tells bvas certainly that when he was in bed, ir smock into ilher her wo- ing, herself at lad he proved into the sante I' of the hour, ject of dread; anceilor have A magistrate hat he might he gravity of limately tak& of corruption Court, much hanrellor the renality. the dismiMal Chatham, in bat illuBtriouf If. (See Geiv- imended bim rer? ackoow- 1-ect.itotu. I juld quit the heldforJ% ire not to"!^ \apti the day I deceived t)y Hi J integH- ate man; he right of elsd- 141, will be -found " The Humble Address, Remonstranco and Petition of the Electors of the City and Liberty of Westminster, asaBm- •bled in Westminster Hall, the 28th March, 1770," in which they say, " By the samr secret and unhappy influence to which alt our grievances have been originally owingf the redress of those grievances has been now prevented; and the grievances themselves have been repeatedly confirmed with this additional circumstance of aggravation, that while the invaders of our rights remain the Directors of your Mryesty's Coun- sels, the defenders of those rights have been dismissed from your Majesty's service, your Majesty having been advised by your Ministers, to remove from his employmsnt for his vote 111 Parliament the highest officer of the law, because his prin* ciples suited ill \ni\\ theirs, and his pure distribution of jus- ti(» with their corrupt administration of it in the House of Commons." • The reader's attention will not fail to be arrested by the cir- cumstance, that Lord Chatham deemed it necessary to fortify the Chancellor by a pension, on which he might honourably retire. The present incumbent is not thus sustained in the fearless discharge of his duty. To that extent, therefore, he is m&re &ns;iousiy dependent on the complacency of the Mi- hister. He may be turned back to the bar without any pfo- ^ion whatever, and with all the disadvantages attending these Bestorations tot practice. I lis family may suddenly be de- prived of the means of living in affluence and' splendour. It doea not seem to be in human nature that siich considerations should be without their influence on th^ question of adopting a eourse acceptable or disagreeable to that stern Chief, in whose hands are all the issues of Wealth and Poverty. Whilst, therefore, the great Law officer of England sits at the Council board, and at the Banquet with the i^word suitpend- ed over his head by a single hair-^Whilst in ihe middle of a cause he may learh that his judicial' functions are at an end-— Captain HaU with a generous waiter of ffU selfish considera- Uons thinks only of the poor souls on the other side of the At- lantic. « Wo, wo for In^MUw, not a whit for me!" His sympathies are on a Mission to the Ohio, to awaken peo- llle there to a sense of their perilous condition, whilst his own brethren are left unheeded benind. He dreads lest in the Legis- lature of some one of the states composed of men, " who have coitie straight from the plough, or from behind the counter, Iroin chopping down trees, or from the bar,'' corruption may be found. He has no fear of the abuse of poviet by an indivi- dual. Bat howetiNr i(SB(»:aDt Captain Hall may be of the' lostitu- 4 '^f^''t^' -^■.■.■, ^'>^^-.u^^i^i^^m. i^r r ft w? ft> ' m ^f'^ ■,:v:^-.- -^'.s.i ■■>*.--- ■» m:*w "» a TF . ' -"f ■ ' ,.i4.'^lT' tioBS of England, li6 spurns the idea of not having made him> self completely master of those of the United States. He de- clares that there is " less complication in their political systems than in those of almost any other country. One o. two very obvious principles appear, by their own showing to regulate the whole matter; and these, after a time, are easily under- Stood." The reader may wonder how he happens to be be- trayed into this eulogium. It is only to enable him to vent'a sarcasm. ** With the Americans, on the contrary, there is al- ways a solemn sort of enigmetical assumption of the intricacy and transeendant grandeur of their whole system not to be com- prehended by weak Eui«.|.w»n minds." But no matter; for the sake of the compliment we let the sneer pass, and proceed to examine how far he has manifested this familiar knowledge, when, abandoning mere invective, he has descended to pwU- culars. We may preinise that in our opinion, the whole scheme wso re«tdily intelligible that it is very difficult to fall, into a mistake. Thus Paley in his Moral and Political Philosophy, has given, in a few words, a auffloiently distinct view of the functions of the general Government Speaking of the inconvenience of a Democracy in a country of great eitent, he rebiatks: '* Much of th^ difficulty seems to be don? away by the contrivance qf a F.ederal Republic, which distributing tho country into district^ of commodious jeatept, and leaving t-oeqch diaiiictita inter' nal legialaiion, reservea.to a convention of tb« States the ad^ justment of their rctlative claims; the levyinc, direction and |;o- ycrndient uf the common force of ^he.confeaeracy; Uie making of peace and war; the entering into treaties; the regulation of (b- reisn' commerce; the equalization of duties upon imports,* &c." Such then is the simple tkeoiy. Amon|pi|it those matters of ''internal legislation," which havenorefiBrence tothe apjiropri- ate funetionsof a general dovemment, as thus sketched, is that of the rule which shall oovern the distribution of property, real and personal, in cases ot" intestacy. . A power to meddle wiUi such a subject would be quite aside from any duty the Federal Head baa to perform, and it has been accordingly reserved to the sever ral 8ut«k What then, will the reader think of Captain HalPs siicocss in mastering the " one or two very obvious principles which rMulate the whole matter," when, in speaking of |lr. Jefferson^ elevation to the Presidency in the year 1801, he in- dulges intfae following strain, (vol. 3- p. 317.) "Mr. Jefier- sOa su«»eded, and, as he was himself devoted to the cause of Democracy, it made gr^at strides under the hearty eocourage- meiit of bis eight years' administration. 311c LawtufPrimO' geniture weu ahciiahedt and yarious other S(pt8 passed, all tend- in^iheaamtwav." .1^ W9 not ^M ]i^ii9 DOt tlmosLti^:mffS9 |.trial of our ^■»«« .l' ! ii i j.iiitw » i i i i jii i al lli ii i f7 g made him* ten. He de- itical systems 0. two very g to reguUt* etsily uodero ins to be be- lim to vent'k T, there is aU the intrictQy ot to be oom- lattcr; for the id proceed to r knowledge, ded to puti- ■oheme w so ito a mistake. Y, has given, ) functions of venieoce of a ttks: < the cause of ■J encourage- vwiffPfimo-' Kitallten4r Iwtience, to be obliged to notiee such trash? The Law of Pri- mogeniture! The reader must be aware that Congress and the President, had no more control over such a subject, than hsd Captain Hall himself. It was entirely out of their sphere of Mtion. And yet we have a strain of inveetivei running through these volumes at an alleged series of acts, tending to pei-vert the original character of the Government, and pvldencing a wish to see every thing prostrated before that ** popular deluge which threatens to obliterate ao much, that, in former dayny was considered great and good in their country." How must every Briton blush to find an Officer of his Country circulating a statement not only unfounded, but quite preposterous— for the reason already given, that had Mr. Jefferson's temper been ever so levelling, both he and Congress, were utterly power- less to effect any such change? The present may perhaps be, as fit a place aa any other to no- tice the remarks which are profusely scattered through tliese volumes on this subject of the distribution of property in cases of intestacy. We have thought that the greatest sum of happiness is most likely to be attained, not by the accumulation of unwieldy wealth in the hands of a few, but by the diffueion, so far as pos- sible, of the comforts and enjoyments of life, as far so thatob- 4eet can be attained under the operation of a steady system of laws, and with Iho complete security of property. The rule of primogeniture seems to be at variance with his theory. It is true, the disproportioned fortunes to which it leads, might ftot always prove either pernicious or useless; skid instances pjay be pointed out, in our own country, of the ^ceful and advantageous employmeat of that superfluity whrch circum- stances had placed at the disposal of enlightened and public Sirited individuals. But it has pleased us, on the whole, to ink that tiie absence'of a few munificent patrons of the Fine Arts, is sufficiently compensated by a state of tilings which, whilst it is calculated to cherish sentiments appropriate to our Institutions, plac^ within the reach of ^ery one the means of creation, and of an honourable and independent subsistence. Captain Hall professes a feeling of reverence for the memory rfDr. Franklin, "dear old Frafaklin;" as ho is affectionately styled. We might have hoped that an admirer so earnest, am ctoubtless so sincere, would not have ov^-looked anl opiniion which that philosopher and patriot has repeatedly inculeated on BS, and which he thus declares in a letter to Granville Sharp in the year 1786. ** I am perfettly of your opinion, with respect to the sahi- tkry law of Chtvemnd, and hope it may in time be established throughout Aitterica. In six qf the Sates already, the lands of intestates bs divided eqtitUy aooieDg the diiMren* if all tS?Sfeaj«.Mifc.'»G'i ■a-^A. rriLi-j|i ii iii:iMit .i wi ii »M i fci » rf i nai>W» «ii a* i ,.,3Siv3!J £.1 girlf) but th«re it a double share to be |rtoM|#» the eUett ton, tor which I •«• do more retfon than in eviaf aiidht iihare to the el- dest daughter; and think there ahould be M> auch diitkction." And a|uin io hia vemarkt to eminrantSi mi July»^ 1 784, he ai^ai < * It it rather a general, iwppy f m^oqf Ity that prevails. Than are few great proprieton« the aoilf andfew teaanta{ ou>atpeo« pie cultivate their own laada, or follow aonw handienil or mer> chandiae; very i&w rieh^enoagh to lif» idly open their rent* or incomes, or ta pay the high prices givM in Europe £» patnt» inga, atatues, and (he other works of art." mw it unfortunately happens, that C^ttainHay^ thodgh heia (bond, at one place, quoting with, seeming eothuaiasBiy ** l^«eet Auburn," yet appears to Mve looked round with disgust, be« cause be discovered none of those appearances which ike poet Mgarda as symptoms of a decaying land. " 9vA virgittg to deeKnt itM tpleMoan tM, Its viitM itrike, its pajaccs Mtrpriw, fVMe »emiTKid ^ fiimiHtfrtm the 0mtlmg kndt The mournnil pcMuit leads hit kiunble band." M l" Uie Dwn at WMith and pride ., Takes up a qtace Uut mimy poor iuppl)ed| .. i Space for nis lake, his parks extended bounds, apuce (or his houses, equipage, and hounds." ' ' It is for these thing* that Captain Hall is heard to sigh, and be turna with contempt fjcom the substantial bleoeinp which he saw every where around him. ** The land," he says, ** on the left bank of the Hudsolv for a considerable distance above New Vork, were formerly keld by great proprietors, and c'licfly by tlie Livingstone fami- ly; but the abolition of entails, and the repeal of tiie law of Srimogeniture, baa already brokeit It down into email potions. >ur host, at the time of our visit, possessed only ih» third of th^ prppert]^ held by his imnaediate pr^dciMHWtSr '*k!>^ ^ Manor of Livingstone, an extepaive and fertuia dia^ioi^iiatkAr ^j^^t^ river, formerly owned by one pierson^ ia oowjf(|iiid0dl mtP %rty t>r fifty parcels, belonging to as mapy ^^m^inta-* ^^gtaPf 10 that where half a dozen landiorda ifi^^andt Vk nuilUf J|}jn4reds may now be counted. And aa thope oewjiossedNi gC^^^xar away and cultivate the soil at a jgtw^ f*l^^ popu^ titunt goes on s\relling rapidly, though we wgre told not by «n^ mqai)9 po fast as it does in the. wild regibiu of the west., This comparatiTe tardiness may posubly be caused byaome lingeriqga of the old aristocratieal £aalii^g; thouj^ it is mixed up curiously enough with the modem iaecuot tha equal diidi* sion^of prMMrt^, the universality of electoral auffimge, equalii^ ty of Bopiflar rights and privileges, and all the other tra»»^ atbfimc dm«U hr the improvement of soelety. ■%. ^'By law, udjMf «a]r nap ia America may leave ki||,ynN I Me$laonj ire to the el- iitkction.'* 84, he H^i: likk Thwre i{ nuMtpeo> rdlormcr- their rents thodfhhett mr '« Sweet diagoat, be.'- Uioae r«^ centty settled dislriels where entails and the right ol pomoge- nitare never did exist, sad are hardly known even by name) Or if ^oken of at all, it ia with the utmost contempt and lior- ror.V ElaewhofO sgpiia he adverta to the eviia which have arisen stnee UmJsw of primogeniture, and the practice of en- tails vrero swept away oy the tide of modem improvtmenty as it Is eaUed; From theae and other cai^ass the accumulatidn of large propertiea haa been entirely prevented, even in that State where the value qftheee unequatdijfisions q/" proper tj/ is certainly better known than any where else in ^i^ country (Virginia.) UufortuoateJy this conviction is confin^ to tho minority,*' (vol. 9. p. 80.) And again we have a Ipi«i^«(ion over that more equal diviaion of property, whioh hasx beeft caused by what Captain Hall ie pleased to call ''^ho bllgnting tempest of Democracy." At the hazard of appearing very presumptuous, we must venture to diasent from hia opinion, that the abolition of pri- mogeniture is a modern American improvement' Tho truth is, that the establishment of that practice in England Is a. badge of subjection to the Norman Conqueror, as will be found on looking into the matter a little more closely. De Lolme in his work on the English Constitution, speaks of « fragments of the ancient Saxon law^ eeeaped from the disaster cf the Conqttutf Sttoh aa that called Oavelkind in Kent, by which lands are dinided equally between the sons. " Blackstone in his ComOBOlrtirifS (vol. S. p. 84,) says, ** A pregnant: proof that those lUMirUes of socage tenure were fragments of Ssxoft Iab«rt|> HUfi nature of the tenure of Gavelkind afford* \m0 stiU «||«Mp|iiMg^ It ia universally known whatstmij^' gles tifellttiiWfi men made to preserve their lincient iibwrtitt^ and ivm Iww much success these struggles were attended. And as it j|rj>rtiwip*lly bere that we meet with the cuatoiiLof Gavelkind, (thwiuch it was, and is to be found in some other parts of the kingOMn,) we may fairly conclude that this was a part of those liberties; sgreeably to Mr. Seldon's opinion, that Gavelkind before the Norman Conquest wim> the general cus- tom of the realm," Seldon's words are, ** Cantiunis solum In- tegra et inmolata remanstt." Blackstone further remark^ p. 214. « The Greeks, the Ronums, the Britons, tiie Saxons, and «vi|ii originally the feodists divided the lands equally; some ano^g «U^tbe childten at large, some unong the inales only." .,«>»«.^i , >iilW l. l tl i fe% l> i .a, JiW l W iii ?&U ba i! l l i l i lil' i » i j^ysi I * 1 30 For niUtery purpecet primogeniture wtt introduced, ** And in this condition the feudal Constitution wu eitablislied in En- gland, by William the Conqueror." (lb.) * One of the oldest and most esteemed writers on the Laws of England, Lambarde, in a work called " A Perambulation of Kent, containing the Description, Kystorie and Customs of that Shyre, written in the vear 1570," after describing the division into Shires, by Alfred the Great, remarks, " In this plight^ therefore, both this Shyre of Kent, and all the residue of the Shyres of thb Realme were found, when William the Duke of Normandie invaded this Realme; at whnse hands the Common- aiity of Kent obtained with great honour, the continuation of ^hcir ancient usageli, notwithstanding that ^ne whole Realme besides suffered alteration and change." He adds, '* I gather from Cornelius Tacitus and others, that the ancient Gkrmana, (whose offapring we be,) suffered their lands to dencende not to the eldest Sonne alone, but to the whole number of their male children, and I find in tha 57th chapter of Canutus' lawe, (a King of the Realme before the Conouest,) that after thf; deatii of the father, his heirs should divide ■ both his goods and his lands amongst them." Referring more particularly to Kent, he says, " Neither be they heere so much bounden to the Cen- tric by Copyhold, or customarie tenures as the inhabitants of the Western counties of the Realme be, nor at all endangered by the feeble holde of tenant-right, (which is bnt a disoent of a tenancie at will,) as the common people in the Northern parts be; for copyhold tenure is rare in Kent, and tenant-right not heard of at all: but in place of these the custom of Gavelkhfid prevailing every where, in manner, every man is a Freehold- er, and hath some part of his own t9 live upon. And in thii their estate they please themselves and joy exoe^dingly, inso- much as aman may finde sundry Yeomen, (although otherwise for wealth cpihparable with many of the gentle sort) that will not yet for atll that change their condition, nor desire to be ap- parailed with the title of Gfetitrie. Neither is this any cause of disdain, or of alienation of the good minds of the one sort from the others for no where else in all the realme is the com- mon people more willingly governed. To be short, they be most commonly civil, just and bountiful, flo that the estate of the Old tVanklins and Yunnan qf Englandf either vet liveth in Kent, or else it is quite dead, and dfl|>arted oat of the mime Ibr altogether." Thus matters stood in the re'gn of Queen Elizabeth. |d the iatroduetion to Mr. Hasted'a magiUficent work, The Hiitdry f their male tus' lawe, (a er thfj death oods and his rly to Kent, t to the Qen- ihabitants of 1 endangered discent of a trthern parts int -right not f Oavelkhnd a Freehold* And in thif iingly, inso- ;h otherwise irt) that wiH ire to be »p' is any cause the one sort I is the corn* ort, they be the estate qf er vet liveth »f tui realme beth. lather rhe Hiltory n of whieh^ he following eustoiQii tm every kouae- keeper in it; by which meana the great are restrained from poaaiMfliag such a vast extent of dominions as might prompt them to exorcim tyranny over their inferiors; and every one's poaaeasioos being intermixed, there arises an unavoidable chain of iateyvsts between them, which entitles both one and the other to mutual obligations and civilities. In this county there are very few, if any, such acenes of misery and wretchedness to be seen amongat the poor, as there are in many parts of En- Sfland. Instead of which, a comfortable subsistence and oheer- ul content is found in most of the meanest cottagea.^' On the subject of Entails, we must refer our tourist to the wcond volume of Biackstone, p. il6. <*Thus much for the nature of Estate Tail, the establish- ment of which /amiVy law (as it is properly styled by Pigott,) opcasiqned infinite difficulties and disputes. Children grew disobedient when they knew they oould not be set aside; Mrm- ers were ousted of their leases made -by tenants in tail; for if fuch leases had been valid, then, under colour of long leases, the issue might have been virtually disinherited: creditors were defrauded of their debts, for if a tenant in tail could havo charged his estate with this payment, he might also have de- lated his issue by ^mortgaging it for as much as it was worth," &Q. " So that the^ vtenjtuttljf branded as the source of new eoDtentions, and miachiefs unknown to the Common Law; and almost universally considered as the common grievance qf the realm. But as the nobilky were always fond of this statute, becauae it preserved their ffmily. estate* from forfeiture, there was little hope of procuring a repeal by the legislature; and, therefore, by the contrivance of an active and politic prince, A method was devised to evade it" As the Captain's rambling habits have probably kept him in i|(norance of what is going on in his own couutry, we would invite his attention to the nrst and second Reports of the Se- lect Committee of the House of Commons ** on the subject of Jicotch Entails,'? published in 18S8^ If these very admirable Erodoctions should be too vxilnminous (or his perusal, he may e obliged to as for the follovviog extract, from a review of then* and other publications, on the same subject, in the Soot's Law Chronicle, for May 1889, page xi. " Since the Act 1685, intituled, < An Aet concerning tailzies,' waa passed there never was a. measure of greater inaportanee to the peopla of Scotland brought under the consideration of Parliament, and from the titles of the publications prefixed to this article, it will bo ob- •erved, the subject has oeoupied much attention, and been very generally considered in ScotUnd: To Mr. Kennedy and tho Select Committee of the House of Commons, the peo|^ of Sootlftod owe a debt of gra^'tude. The two Reports contain iuch k^boti^qf evidcHotf t.at it oannc^ be shaken hy igng.T i'ri i iif'fWf'"[''"'''i i r"''"' '■■* •' • ' '"• ' •■" -• ' ''"*•'' ■ ■'—■ r I- til m nmtf, m^fiuHii, W fki iU-dl^ted 9itv>» or aporthetuion$ MtitwtMtA, m wa hare no doubt, of !nter«««ed ifnllyWutl*. ^ ** The evila of •ntailt being now completely proved, it it in^MMtible to doubt that the legialature must proride a apeedy IMuedy, both fbr the intereat of huira of entail, and the public at larm. lb the bill originally introduced into Parliament, by Mr. KetfMNly, it waa propoaed to allow the nobility of En|(land mod Scotland to continue to entail to a certain eitent Thia, if we recollect right, Mr. Kennedy atated in hia place, waa meant aa a matter of expediency, m order to promote the auc- ceaa of the bill in the Houae of Peera. It had occurred to al- noat every peraon who had eonaidered the evila ariain^ fVom •ntalla, that the only obatacle which mi|(ht prevent Parliament from remedying them, woltld be found m the prejudicea of the Mobility, the only olaaa auppoaed to be hoatile to any chihige of the law of entail, aa the preaervation of their familiea waa imagined to depend on entaila. Mr. Sandford, in hia evidence, aaya he heard it aUted that ' an ppinion wa.. entertained by a high authority, that if the m<|;oraf waa allowed, a bill for the modiAcatioB of entaila would be permitted.' ** If the power of thua entailing had been allowed to the En- gliah, Iriah, and Scotch nobility, it ia too obvloaa to admit of doubt, that the whole unentailed land in Seodand might aoon have been purehaaed up by them, and plaeed under the fettera bf strict entatl, by whlteh Stottmwi, like lr*kmd, wouH haw. keen cnrted with all the evilt qf abeenlee proprietora. Tlv. evidenoe on thia point has been thoroughly «i/lreif hjf the Ae'tett Committeef and ia ao overwhelming^ that it ia impoaaible to peraevere loB^r an the elauae allowing the nobility the exoluaive power of entailing to a greater extent than other landed propri- etora. SevenJ^ noblemen were esaniaed by the Commmee, and they, to their honour and eredU) diaelaim aBf widi to ob- tain fei^ the nebilitv auch an invidioiM dittinotion. 7%e evils iff entttile Aaee, in/aet, been fully asmwk/elt by the nobility tuany other ekue qf entaikd uvM Mftt hn. We arejriad* thera- fore, to obMHTve, ftmn the reaolutfotaMiiliM Select Commfttae, the elavoein/alHmr qfthonMHtyiooomfiUitsI^ obandonetl, << By the evidence in titeti i < » K^portt m^Hm Select Commit- tee of th« Houae of Coiiiii|mHl» UMlmn^ proved^ «<1. That the Act irf Ul l i Mm, IHU^ jil.|mng poww to burden eatttea to tiie ^ttotft-af iiuiffW i P mit m Impnmmmif •B entailed eatatee, hli»li»iB> p j ii i ltf iH ^ Mtlle or nt%|g|, • «*9. That Lord MMMNfeMpiil^ Mi Geo. \\.,m^mt Whkh heira of entail iMf |^s|MiM«iona to younger tsbP dren^ and burden the eaUto toM tftidunC net exceeding 'ttlite yeara' rent, and an annuity to thiair wivea, to an extait a^fei- eeedibs «««-'%'»' part of th« reoto, miqr lead to the emlMUW neat mhetfvef entail iMiiiiiiiiifiiiinitt oreheimoiu iVJdiiaU. rored, it it de a speedy d th« public rliament, by of EnftUnd It Thii, If pitce, waf lote the Hue- surred to «1- irising flrom t Parliament idicea of the any change (amiliea wai lis eridence, rtained by ft i bill for the 1 to the En- to admit of might aoon ir the fetters wouM httwn etora. Tk \y the Aeieet nponible to he exeluaive ndea pr<^rt- vommnle0| ' with to ob- ihenoUiity t j^en^ UmM' CommfttMf oiandontd. eet Commitp 'vvedf ngpovrvto ovMgan Mdin)('^ (tent • embttVpi^ 33 *' 3. That the combined edeet of these Acta ia to burden the •ntailnd eatale to the extent of nine years' rent, or one-lhirti ef tlio rucsimple value of the entire ostatc, by which tlio heir may bo iJuprived of two-thirds of Uio rvais, in order to liquidate iho charges so authorised to be impoa»'d, subject to tho burdwi ^oollectinf( tha rents, tnd managing tho whole estate. **-i. That ontaildd proprielum aru also lial)lo to contribute to the expense of turnpikr. roads, canals, building and repairing churches, and other public improvements. "A. That ttie evils of entails are tbo exclusion of so much land from oommRrce, the defrauding of shcpkocpurs and others who give credit to heirs of entail in pussossion^ fur which the former cannot obtain heritable security, nor attach the astate, and that heirs of entail, not having the power uf Hale, or bunioniag the r, this object wasdoly attended to, tha frsmers of the COMtitatton enlarged their view to a provision for other cases, la wbjoll k was apprehended thai a narrowness of feeling midbt intoHSm with tbiepure and unsuspeeted admi- nistration of justioe. Hsasa i s fimM a clause giving to the Na- tional Courts jwfisdirtioO'Oltr Bi W i s ff scting ambassadors, &&, and, without goiag into mm^Hm Asftail, it may be stated, that to •m «liMi arai s a su t cd llwi flfayilaes of suing, and of being mtJi to tiwse C/OurU* H i»ii«i«MSf«iory on him to do this. Ha ttay sue there, or l» tka Stili Ooarts, and if sntd in a State O'sart, ho may either imtmn iha ataa into tha Natioml Court, ariariTa his pririlegB. mw aplion ia inth luoii luMM^pMiat llf ao such option. . ♦rr- ■. ' ; ■f.M.-'.r .*?-i^> 'jr»-.;v'5»^"»-* rB it to be uaderstood thai (h« NstioiialCaiirll y >re bound by that law. Th« object in viaw is to MWtro an imprllal ■dmiuiiiration of it, throup^h judgra wha do not derive their appointment from the State, and who aro preaumed to be comparatively free from local aympathy or pre- judice. A recurrence to the theory undeif which, ai the judfje ii aware, thia duty devolved on l.im, mimt have a tendency to render him peculiarly aolicilous that the proviaion ahuuld not, in hit peraon, be unavailinK to aecure the atricteat impartiality. Aa thia in a peculiar nnd very amiable feature in our juriapru- dence, it ia not regretted that a fair opportunity haa been aflord- ed of adverting to it. Rut although the lawa of the aeveral State* furniih " rulea of dcciaion" for the National Courta, a dia- tinction may, and frequently doea, exiat as to the meana of en- forcing a judgment when obtained. The Art of Con great of 178!), by which the National Courts are eatabliahed, deolarcf that their proeean thall be the same aa that then uaed in the re- spective State Courts. Aflor this adoption, however, it wai not liable to fluctuate with any change which might subse- quently take place in any of tho States. It coald be modified only by an act oi congress. Thus wherever tho right of taking the del)tor's body existed in I78f), the right remained to tho creditors, suing, in the National Courts, although intermediately the local legislatures had taken awav thia power altogether from their own Courte, or had fettered the exorcise of tt. It will be rear»»<'r/y, urns to limit tli« o;»«ration of tho principle to can*'* fallirin iin«ler tho juriadiciii < of the Unitcfl Sutea Courta, waa not mrant to apply to tl •• of t!<(> particular Htatca." Now we pvi«w. The multiplication of maltrial points muat tiwayi very Arat prt>« eeedinga which we witnMaisd at Wealmiual«r Hall, placml in • vary atrong point of view the advantage of enabling counael thua to guard the intereaia of their clienta. It waa a motion for t new trial, in a caae which had been tried l>elbre the Chief Jliatico of the Court of Common IMena, relative t j two bargra, of no great value. There ia a re|K)rt uf whatt> u2i place in the 7\'wM« of Mnd November, IHSS. The Court had intimated art opinion that the rule akould be madif'abaolute, or, aa the report- er more correetly rapreaenta the acunc, endratmxtred tn prr- auad* the learned Hcrjeant to forbear from oppoaing tho lulc.^' What aubaequently occurred ia thua taken, verbatim, from th« Timea, and wo can vouch fur the accuracy of the report. •• JM-. a> ri m% l H lUt rapoatcd hi* winti to ipo on with the caac now, but mUI* ed, that if tKtir Lonkhipt hail rrad Uu; cvidi ncc of Utc witncMK*, and had a/. raad^ earn* lo a amduiion upon \Ue caa«, which they thoti^t rutiM not be a|. tarra by arKunM-nt, he would of couiM abirtatn from eatcnn* iiMo any, but at the aaoM time Im aoefetaad, that be liioufht, (/'M*«Mrefe« fMfwioe, /dM'f kfian 2l. J6>. Sm JmiU WiUt. That is undoubtedly a itron^ eiprcaaio^ my I.nnl« and aa ytnr Lordbhip liaa been pkaaed to atate your recoHection or what occurred • dbaMid^k it of coutaa, am AptMd to yMcfd to it( but Ithalkmge my «nc of the laaiaod gcMkaaea to atate, cMhar from mU or their own mtmary, that the caae «MH leA aa a fraudulent tiaiiafcr. Lat them aay that it waa ao, ifthcy dure, and takt tk$ disgrme that would fidl upon them for th* auerHmi. The etiir JtidfttAawtMilii/trirfO aB w' Chief *vn hargtw, lace to th« itinated ait Ihr rrport- td to nrv' ; the lUlc.'' I, from the mrt. now, but add- •, Mid haul «/. iM not be •!> o »ny, but at rn luwhat bfi be of opluiou eaire tbat jrou una of which M by kii ap- ChiarJuaOco leOMMit. Vou |Mcfeivncci / I afraudulaWk «collrcUon if [i-mrnt on the idulcnt ptdSe- any I»nl« and mat occurred ■wane of the , that th« caae kcydorct and I opinian that ^ *Mnf\ Serjeant waa ttHng ami tpnktttf wWi fraatar vannth than ttaaMM **■ Srtjmml H',UU: Mv l.onia, I Aoidd br vrry «i>rry lornmbiH mywlf wHh aiKh wnniith, u to be onvnmrr (ii lb* lotirt, iHit wKi ii I am fold by my l^ml Ch« f Juadtir. that kt tkmt nal htk*M m», I cmifiiw it i* aii cinrvMMn wbnU I canrwrt ttiblliil to, aiul iquirt rt- pri. 11«« rotirt a^niii intiTlMiM-it, whrtt ih* Iramrd Hrrjoant Mid, hi' tluMiijht h« had wid natktttff wbirh cuiiM b« inlrrpnltd Inlii diontptrl lo the bi iic b Th«wi birtUbii)*, bowtivvr, *rr« of a coamry optnioii, and mnl, Ibat Ibcy tm tainly tbuu|rhl In- madr iim iif rt|*rriiuimi «rlu< b w«rr PtKmbnKly iiHVnaive loth*- brnrli. at ovrtainly ih bim, ntimy «m llwit btiuh, llwl » <»il.l br iiai.l hrfu rhl», br rr^utril, 'I mim/ aT' xl. M|Oiaj> !•> bjMi, ntliny d ibat br bad made ii»r of ihr woni " mipprraa,'* and rrpraterm, horv\ -r, rtptattd kin rdrrattf, to lie allowed to eddrcaa iT* "^j"* *^ "^ *"^'"' Z**^"" foiUmlion he waa allowed to procee. Jury fh>m the opinion of the Lord Chief Jua. ticc, «c." • Seeing 'ho jti\ nacious Serjeant WHdo preparir^j again to •tart to hii. ftjet, ve left the Court. It is obvious that th« .vholo of thi3 abonni>iable vaate of time, antl disgracoful wrangling, wouiti have '.yna atruidml If a written note of the charge had been filed at the iitne, fot- the inspection of thf cooasel. No :t ji^ii'itf-^'. m.^mmt.~ W.. - '' 88 ^ I one could then doubt whether the judge had left the case to the jury, as a frauciuleirt transfer, or a fraudulent. preference. It will have been seen that the judges considered the Ser- jeant as ** acting" and speaking with greater warmth than be- came him. The report contains no account of the " acting,' but most certainly Mr. Wilde fuUv madte out his claim to wh»t the great master of oratory considered the sum of the art. yVe could not for our lives perceive any of that magical in- fluence which .Captain Jlall attributes to the cumbrous appen- dages worn by the English judges. At p. 34 of his first vo- lume, he shakes his head in j^very foreboding manner, after havii^ visited one of the Courts in New York. «« The absence of the«wig8 ahd gtmfistook away much more from their dig- nity than I had previously supposed possible. Perhaps I was Uie more struck with this omission, as it was tke first thing I 9aw which made me distruaC," &c. &c. Had he witnessed the foregoing scene in Westminster. Hall, his faith might have been shaken. In the very torrent, tempest, and as I may say, whirlwind of their passion, these wigs begat no temperance to give it smoothness, but rather showed like the white caps of the agitated billoWs "curling their monstrous heads." One almost felt alarmed at the facility with which they rtiight bo converted into missiles (furor arma ministrati) and recognised all the wisdom of the precaution idoptedat some of the lower Irish taverns of chaining up the poker. . What would Captain Hall have written about such a scene had' he witnessed it, in any part of thq back-woods of America ? It is unneeessstfy to inform the JBiiglish reader that ** Bro- ther Wilde" is a respectable member of the profession, and that his being twitted by the Lord Chief Justice about the low company he kept, was probably a mere fdrxii of sarcasm, having no well founded reference to his habits or associations.- Having adverted to the sul^ect of wigs, we cannot forbear directing Captain riall's attention to the following heretical passage in the Edinburgh Law Chronicle, for November 1889. «It issrid, tf»t soon ufter Mr. Jeffrey's ckvation to tlie deanriijp, a friej^ went up to hha wid wished him joy, "1 am much obli^ *« J0"» *" ^P repjy. "and I hope it will come, but at present (applym|f his hand to his wig to ease his head a little.) I Kn veiy miserable." We dewre to be ^Wul for <«» things, first, that the Dean of the Advocates of the CoUege of Justico was so miacnble, as he was under all the bar-wigs that have yet been tried on b'un: and secondly, that Ws Honour retained courage and fortitude enough to express hkmiseiy, mdio dtf them all We l»ve no toitmra ekruala now to liicfcj why then act as if we had ?" This in Edinburgh uader the ayes of Captain*Hlill He. informs us, further, in reference tp tlie judicial establish- ment of this State; "I was gre«Uy surprised to hear that in Pennsylvania alone there are upwards of one hundred judges who preside on" the bench." He adds: " It is a curioasfeature S'&dUiL ■-■■^'■l^i^.': '^Of ■i^iMsat^^ ^ fl^'i '11111 ' litiiViiiilMi iiiraaiflteff-^^f!ifi^a^"fffo¥i^iii^ ^^ case to tho snce. ad the Ber- th than be- " acting," iim towh)Bit heart, magical in- ous appen- is first vo- inner, after ''he alssence I their dig- ■haps I was rat thing I 3 witnessed might have I may say, nperance to hite caps of ids." One y Alight bo recognised f the lower uch a scene •f America ? that «* Bro- ession, and out the low asm, having sns.- inot forbear I'g heretical tmbef 18S9. tn8l4p, a fnen4 you," was the tiis band to his tobet>»nl(|ul lege of Jtutico : been tried on tude enough to kriealit now to. m\ ial establiflh- iiear that in dred judges, rloasfeatura 30 in tho American Judicial System that in many of the States — Pennsylvania amongst others — the bencii is composed of one judge, who is a lawyer, and of two others, who are not law- yers, called associate judges. These men are selected from the county in which they reside and hold their court. They are { generally farmers — not, however, like the English gentleman- iairmer, for such characters do not exist, and cannot exist, in any part of the United States — they are men who follow the ? lough. They selclom, as I am informed, say a word on the ench. This singular custom has been adopted, because the people, thought it necessary there should be two persons taken from among themselves to control the Presidenty or Law Judge." A word in the first place as to ihew associates, who are by Captain Hall properly distinguished from him who presides, or as he is correctly denominated the President. Their pro- per office is not, as he supposes, to control the President, but to aid in the administration of justice. It must have occurred to every one who has witnessed the proceedings of Courts to lament the ctmstant want, on the part of the bench, of that knowledge of the ordinary business and ad*airs of life, which is sp rarely found amongst those who have devoted theinselves to the studies appropriate to th6 legal profession. |lence there seems to be no great harm, at leas^ in having on the bench by th« side of the " Law Judge," two individuals of respectabi- lity, whose pursuits.in life, render them familiar with the trans- actions involved in the great mass of the business which comes before the court Practically^ it secuirc9,.as it Were, two ju- rymen of known character, and whose responsibility does not disappear with th^ trial. On all questions of fact, and parti- cularly in the exercise of the Court's discretion in granting new tiials, theutility of such advisers mtist be apparent That they were not intended to loosen the rules of law is clear, £rom ona simple oircumstancev Should they interfere actively, instead of communioatikig their advice to the presiding judge, the opi- nion which they pronounce cap be reviewed by a writ of error to Uie Supreme Court, composed exclusively of tewyers. Nor can they evade responsibility. When, in tjbe al^nce of the Prendent, the associate^ tried a petty case, and told the jury thikt it was impossible for them to pass on tiie questioiui ofiaw which had been raised, this was held to be error. If they in- terfere judicially, it must be in sqch a way, that the party com- plaining, Qiay have their mistakes in point of law corrected. That th«y "seldom say a word on the bench," is a proof that in practice the^ have the good sense not to go beyond theu* ap- liropriate functions in the system^ But our object is not so moeh to defend the system is to no- tioe a miitake, in pmot of fact, on the part of Captidn Hall. jit] I f: i %.v':-i- ,x. i^-- m > I t 40 It will have been loen that he readily aejied the distincUon betWRon the presiding and associate judgea, and he couples the coir..nunicaUon of that fact, with the aaeertioii that in Penn- •vlvania there are "upwards of a hundred judges who preside on the bench." That which CapUin Hall urges, m the way of disparagement, only in long primer,^assume> a more malig- nant type in the Quarterly Review, and there shoobi upon the eye, l italics, (No. for November 1889.) Now the .^niple fit is, that the Sute is divided intd sixteen judicud districts, and to each of these is assigned a president judge. -From their decisions a writ of error lies to the Supreme Court, the num- ber of who*s judges has recently been increased from three to to iiM. In the city of Philadelphia there is an auxiliary court of- civil jurisdiction, having three judges, and in Lancajer, a similar court having one. Thus the whole strength of thojit dicial corps is twenty-two. The remaining seventy-eight de- rive their appointment entirely from Captain Hall. l*t it be remembered that these fUncUonaries administer ju^ tice over an extent of country about equal to England and Wales together, and that many of the-iuties devolved on them, ai« such as in the latter countries are distributed amongst a vast number of officers not usually classed With judges. They go through, ndt merely the kind of business which falls to the lot of*«U twelve Judges of England, and the eigt of Wales, the Lord Chaneefbrr the Vice Chance lor, the Slaster of Jhe kolls. &c., but perform the labours which m England are *•- ^gnSl to the CoMistory Courts, the C^^^^ the CommiMioneM before whom applications are heard for the twiiflf of Insolvent Debtors, lie. „. done away with nearly all the teehnicahttuot the ^w--thwe aw no •tampa(J)-no special pleadin«a-«nd acarce y any one iawS^JXh^-niSTgotolaw.''' We mu^tmform our heS&ritki, in ^he Brst pUee, that stamp, are no part of ^ith the H«iWWb, wd it ha. w»t yet b?«J^»"°f„"^'yi£ T«>6rt to audi attar in Pennaylvam*. As to doing ■•'^JI^ tt^oiilpbadiiig, it te true, that inmtm of contract, t^j^fj SSSSTto f&^ statement ofMMgiygf •^^ ^'^ IT: ^^ 1 of dytincta^si prewrflbid by Iw, i«il^ if • iieeiiv»tk>tt? »nd the drfeBdlto|«ty, mmtrnm^Br' ^ W^ ^&it >tate«uHa lt>.ri im ig«toa^ mA we «r«*dwiM mmtm "••i**"*.?* . ""S^ jT— iZT •S hap^ dift to w*ildi.ilit tHifiq^wWfcww" ST^Ji'S -1 i'--^-->Jfff""-->--j ■^1 fix I distinction eouplea the it in Penn- vho preside in the way nore malig- it)i upon the the simple ial districts, •From their t, the nuni' om three to ciliary court Lancaster, a h of the jur ty-eight de- ninister jus- Sngland and ed on them, lonest a v^st (. They go Calls to the It of Wales, [aster of ^e gland are 9S> ter Sessions, leard for the , they "have 3 law— Uitfe tely any one t. inform our re oo part of rs eepunected neeesiary to g away with qr4»; do thill faiSHIttkMUl).' pii.ta-ffapnf a ' il •ssertkma (and he give* us nothing more) as « The life of per- vons in tary circvfnatanees{!) is thus rendered miaerahie,** ** No person, be his tituatioD or conduct in life what it may, is 'free from the never-ending pest of law suits," &c. While we concede that there is nothing to render it impossible for the hum- blest individual to pursue a claim in a court of justice — nothing to drive him into an unfair compromise — ^yet this evil hai al- ways appeared to us sufficiently compensated, not only by the speedy redress of aetuid injustice, but by the effect which this very facility of access to the Courts has in removing the tempt- ation offered by. a diffibrent state of things to the rapacity of the em^oyer. Captain Hall thinks it a blessing that the poor ■hould have no redress against knavery and fraud; for fuch is the amount of his argument, when properly run out What iSubtUtute does he pmposoibr the Courts to that numerous elassy' to which he would render the latdbr inacoesaible? A re- formation in Pennsylvania muf t be effisetod in one of two wa^s: either by requirins a Freehold qualification, or the possession bf a e^rtiin sum of money to enter the Courts — or by render^ ins the eosts sa onerous that one of the parties must yield from exhaustion, at an eariy stage of the proceedings. Captain Hall seems to point to the l^ter expedient His suggestiona, we think, are net Ukely to be acted on. The present coits are ini£B«ient]f heavy to pUniah a vexatious litigant, and they can al- wavs ^ dirown up^|rat the expense is soon found to be mi»re than the moment^ bustle and excitement, and talk of the neighbours, are worth, and they discover, besides, that they get a bad name amongst those to whom they raus^ look for eteploy- ment We oonllMs, though aot4w/ra^'«e«(«/^ radieal, the ut- most soipriae and disgust at language which, would represeiit oar social eoBdkfon as deiriorabto, beeause a oember cf the «»nMm«y speading elass'*— not always ibmmmjf«^ or the most gmeiW-ocnnot yet say to one of adW9i» jte " jrou most either some iiAoHtotorsfM I propos%^;%|aiB»i ^f ^ to ta^tlto4|ii«on of thattriN^I ifjM^ i 4a Army nor Navy, and that the Cuatom Houae Officera are paid by the General Government, it will doubtteaa puzzle the rea- der to eonjeeture what can run away with so much money. The eecret ia, that it was employed in making a Canal, from the eastern to the wcntern part of the State, during the year which Captain Hall has selected ! Yet we have not the alishtest hint to that effect, and the Englishman is led to suppose, uiat, in the event r** emigrating to this State, he must expect to pay, every year, his portion of a sum so enormous. It would, obviously, be juit as fair to say that the sums similarly employed by the Suke of Bridgewater ought to be considered as items of ex- pense incidental to his ordinary establishment; and the capi- talist who builds a range of houses to rent, would 'oe pronounced by Captain Hall a ruined spendthrift. We can scarcely give the tourist credit for ignorance on this occasion, inasmuch as the truth is disclosed m the very document which he quotes. He has specified the amount of the items of civil expenses, and of the legislature, making together one-tufeffllh part of the ag- gregate sum. Why silent as to the employment of the residuel We know not unless it be for the reason that a fair disclosure would show that this expenditure, which the reu ier of course deems a yearly>reeurring one, wa9 in fact of a temporary nature, and that even the money actually disbursed, is repr6sented by a magnificent and productive public work. The Governor, in his message of November 4thy says, « There are now 177 milM of (he Canal in actual operation. The works have been found to bepf such solidity |« to produce no other debnr Utan is in- cident to the best executed works -of like magnitude. It is confidently hoped tliat early next summer, thwe will be not less th|m 400 miles of the Petonsylvania Canid in full operation. To thii extent of navigation is to be added, that of the Schuyl- kill and LdilBh Canals, and of the Cheaaiwiltejod Delaware Cand." ^ ^^ Captain Hall traversed the State in the dilution of this Ca- nal, and was at points where the work was vigorously proceed- ing; and it is aftct^ that toll wav reoeivpd from it, prior to ^ eibKeation o( his book. He had said, after speakioKof the ew York Canal, ** It would be invidiout and peim^ rm- ther tiresome ta describe the numerous abortive toteemcs for Canals, and Rail roads, which the success of thb great work luB set on foot, partieulavly a» opportunities of touehiBg Mpon them will oeour as we eo on." Of such ani^povtanitjrjhe does not choose to ai^l limself in the ewe of the Fennvflva- nia Canali even when exhibition the prod^p^ diiburtemente oC the State. Had he carried hM Statialaap i^llltle fitfther on- wfcd, .he vvauM have found a ye*^ itfgwf wpii|iM||!i!i ef monwr by Pumi^lvaai^ on tiiia aw work. He has ^i|lt at much length on the Welland C^r^l of Canada^ not |«l eemiibM. Lsj^ iiitrltlr rfl arepsiil B the rM- tney. The ', from th« rear which ihteat hint iut, in the pay, every obvioualy» red by the imi of ex- [ the oapi> ronounoed reely give lasmucn as he qaotca. tenaea, and ' of the ag* le reaidue2 diacloBure ' of course iry nature, lented bv a lior, in nia 177 milen \}teti found Uun is in- ide. It ii rill be not operation, le Schu^- Delaware >f thia Cft- y proceed- trior to ^ ioKQf the sksmcsler pfttat work thing Mpon irtonityhe P'enDvylTft- lUiMment* brdier on- ^tafmoD^ Hatttueh • 43 That work, when finiahed^will owe its existence hot to the ef- forts and reaourcea of the Provinces, but to an incorporated company, the shares of which are, it ia believed, owned prin- cipafly in Great Britain, particularly by the Canada Land Com- Ciny, one of those joint stuck con'ierns which sprung up in ondon in 1885. At all events, it is a project the merit of which cannot go beyond the share-holders. With regard to the Pennsylvania Canal, the disbursement of the State, o? which every citizen bears a part, during a single year (Report of the Treasurer of the Canal Board, to the Senate, Hazard's Penn- sylvania Register, vol. iii. p. 272,) \»four times greater than the whole amount of the Stock subscribed of the Weiland Ca- nal. (<* Three Years in Canada, by John M'Taggart, Civil Engineer,'^ vol. ii. p. 144.) As to the Rideau Canal, the com- pletion of which <)aptain Hall urges so sti*ongly on the Bri- tish Government, Mr. M*Taggert (vol. i. p. 156,) thinks its ac- tual cost will treble that originally contemplated; yet assuming his estimate to be correct, it will appear that the kinde year's expenditure of Pennsylvania above referred to, excecM that es- timate by one million qf dollars. We must bear in mind that Pennsylvania derives no aid from the general Government, which draws so large a portion of its revenue from her great seaport Canada, on the contrary, is not to render any as- siBtaace towards the Rideap Canal, though its Custom House duties are placed at the disposal of the Provincial Government, (Captain Hall, vol. i. p. 419,) and our tourist justly remarks, ** were they to become members of the American Confedera- cy, all such duties would be subjeeted.to the control of the Con- gress at WiBshiagton." These observations are made in no in- vidious temper, ^ut they seem to heighteti the unfahrness of, not only refusing to give Pennsylvania credit for her energy, but, by concealing the objects or expenditure, actually Uimmg into matter of reproach aie truly liberal and enlightened poli- cy by which her councils haye been distingundrad. It i» need- less to say that the remark made with regard to Pennsyiyania, is oqually amdicaUe to J^ew York, whose /NnifictjMli^anal cost (G^tein flail, vol. i. p. 173,) more than fmtttetn timet the ■tnodnief the Stook of the Weiland Can J. The Customs of the Mpporiof that State, also, flow to Uie |^eral goyenimtfbt, and' tent no ^uwistaafttlh to the enterpriae. ^ ^ortonrii^^aiieoytrvd that in ewb«f.the twenty-four States of 'tte Unioa^are is a separate jndieid establishment, not ame- nable to iny^iWHaMiion h«ad, bot passing finally on every point of hw whloh may arke hefore i|<4r4ieinl«rsrart ipdi a circum- stonce most AMiUy ^enfiise tho Mfaninialratkon of jiMtioosr and render enwjipiill JBtoseouFse yeyy unsafe. Asthitfisa-sabjeet host iU^ali(liii^ MiofttieraLreadelr by i«ferrv>g to what is &mi. Uar tn^ilny it^aay btt wv 1 to tdio for that pttT|ip6e the cain of III J r ir 44 EagtAnd and Seotlnnd. «vHieh lie airioably iid6 by aide, like . New York and Pern '*, althuuah. the fornner are of com- paratively diminulif* Will it be pretended that there if any thing like the conft y beiween the ayatema of law which prevail in theae two parta uf Great Britain, aa there ia between thoae of the Btatea we have named? Certainly not by any one who haa the alightest knowledge of the aubject We are relieved from the neceaaity of furniahinK the varioua refereneea we had prepared, by meetiDgwith the tollowing remarks, in the intro- ductory article to <* The Scota Law Chronicle, or Journal of Juriaprudence acd Legialation, conducted by Profeaaional Oen- tIemen"--Hi periodical work oommenced at Ediaburgh^ during the lut year, and diaplaying great ability. " Id Uie reign of Jamea the First of England, and Sixth of Scotland, the ministry, and particularly Lord Bacon, then 6o- lioitor General of England, made some efforta in Parliament, and otherwise, to assimilate the laws and praetice of EnsUnd and Scotland; but the prejudices which existed on both sides of the Tweed prevented any material progress being at that period eflbeted Sinee that time, notwithstanding the union of the Crowns of both kingdoma, and the legislature of each, the laws of En|^and and Scotland have been kept separate, and adminis- tered in diffiHrent forms. The English system is distinguished b^ the prefiBrenee given to the common law in opposition to the cvri\ law. 7%e &ot» ayaigm hot been taken Jrom the civil Iwo and the law* and cuatoi » qf the Continental nationay^ particularly Franett betwee nhich and Scotland an alli- ance and intimate intercottrst exiated many eenturiea. For example, the Aet of the Stiets Parliament <)fKing James the Sixth (aftorwarda James the First (^ England,) 1599, c. 180, ia in the fiaUoWing terms — (We give only the eottoluding words of the Stetutoi "Aeeording to the lovable form of judgment used in aU aude tewna of France gh during 1 Sixth of , then 60- nrliament, I EoKland th aidea of hat period on of the I, the laws d adminia- linguiahed ion to the the civil I nationty i an alli- rie». For Jamef the 3, c. 180) ling words ^ent used kniraea are ^0, Bor> werethen, irto, with- advocat6. twranf qf r/y pr^u- 3 oecumd B of Miss 9 the Sc4>iji 4: English f/f thought rom whieh r the Scots >f the was mere 46 ihim and farce. In another instance, on the appointment of « Scots barrister to be a judji^e at the Cape of (loo«l Hoon, Mr, Brougham, in his place of Parliament, arraigned the Govern- ment for •OTorlookmg the English bar. In his opinion it was <' absurd" lu send judges from the Scottish l)ar to the Colonies." The writers add, ♦« it not unfrcquently happeiio that what is hciu to be sound law and equity in Scotiund, is held the reverte in Englanci. Mr. Sugden, lately, in an appeal case, before the Peers, in which he was counitel, delivered a tirade against the whole law of Scotland. This celebrated ebullition lias raised bis fame, &c. (ib.) . . - One imporUnt ciroumstanoo is not referred to by this writer, viz., that by the 18th Article of the Union, it is declatsd that tke lawa relating to private rights are not to be artered^ but for the ^'evident utility of the people of Scotland," a provir sion, the jealous cautidn of whieh may have contributed to throw insuperable obstaclea in the way of a legislative effort at assimi- lation, even if it could, under any circumstances, be deemed {>racticable to breaji up, and remodel, a system which has been so ong accomodating itself to the exigencies, as well as to the ha- bits and prejudices, of the people. What are the consequences of this state of things? Does the English trader deem it boces- ■ary to purchase a Library of Scots Law Books, before he opens an account at Edinburgh or Glasgow? He thinks no more of this, than of learning French and studying the Code Napoleon, before he sends an order to France for silks or brandy. Nay, he is compelkkl to remain in the same ignorance of the law of his own country, for it has long been held a point of ridicule to attempt to master it, and the reports in every morning's newspaper, furnish him with new grounds of marvel at its un- certainty. He is fain to rely on the presumption that there will be found, in eveiy civUised country, certain general principles of jastiee and good faith, by which his ri^hta will be protected, riiould he unfortunately be involved in litigation. Bat Captain Hall will ask, have I not h^ard of " Scotch Ap^ peal Caises^" and are not the questions which th^ involve final- ly ee' ^ed in Hie House of Lords !" Certunly they are, but these eases aettle <^y points of Scots Law. They bring it into no greater eonformity with that of Engbnd. In the same mannerv on tiie 1st of December last, there came before the Privy Cc^a- eil the case of Simpson v. Forrester, an appeal from the Island of Demarara, (See Morning Herald of December 2d. ) It was eurious, in the middle of the proceedings, to see The PaymaS' ter qftke Ihrte» come in and take his seat at the Board. The eontroveny tamed on the principlea of the Dotob Civil Law^ and was argued aeoordingly; but we feel periU^ed that the paina-takioji and laborious fathers of that sy stnli would have Deen yeiyluttle edified by the discugsioR. Without going to wr 46 I Indin, or Canadn, or the Cape of Good Hope, we may note that the outukirta of the Mother laland itaclt ara governed by aya- tema of hiw cflacntially diiTorout from each other. Thua "tin lale of Man ia a diatinct territory from England, and ta not go- verned by our Inwav" (Hlackatono.) "The iaianda of Jeraey, Ouernacy, Sark, Aldcrney, and their apptrndagea, were parcel of the Duchy of Norniandy, and were united to the crown of England by the Prat Princes of the Norman line. They are govsrned by their own lawa, which are for the most part the dw cat customs ^Normandy, being collected in an ancient book oi Tcry great authority, entitled Le Grand Costumier. The King's writ or proceas from the Courts of Weatminster^ is there of no force, "—(ib.) 1'hua, then, we have the comfort to know that the various parts of this great commercial empire — nay, portions of the same iaia'nd,-— «ie under the dominion of lawa radically disaimi- lar in their principles, their forms of proceeding, and even in theit- lantuage; and yet, none of these " moral convulsiona" hav^ resulted with which CapUin Hall «o seriously threateu the unhappy people of the United States. But it happens to be our ningular good fortune to enjoy a de- gree of similarity in the laws throughout the United Sutea, un- precedented elaewhere. The Common Law prevails, with • trifling exception, over the whole of the Union. There it scarcely a patois in iU dialect The lawyer of Pennsylvania can advise a« to a case depending in New York, so far as it turnN on common law principles. The bodu resorted to are pracise- ly the same. And so of Uie other Statea, from Maine to Geor- gia. The text book throughout is Blackftione, and each mind u incumbent over tihe same principles. One striking advanUge of this state of things is, that the la- bours of every lawyer, and every judge, render a mutual aid. A happy illustration-** fortunate reference— or a striking ana- logy, 18 not a mere local benefit Every member of the pro- fesMon knows instantly w^ere to common-place it In Great Britain, on the contrary, England and Scotland oflTer no such oo-operAtion. They are engaged on different systems. The workings of the Scotch mind are unknown to EnKllsh juriipra- dence. Mr. Jeffrey once asked with a sneer, " Who reads an American Book?" We may ask, in nslurn, ** Who reads a Scotch case?" The force— the acctjness— the learning of the North offer co contribution to the general stock. This i» un- doubtedly a great evIL When we recollect wh»t Scotland haa done for the Philosophy of the Human Mind, and for Medicine, it is painful to reflect how completely her great lotelleetual pow- er* have been k>st to us in Law, and that the very torms wlyoh the Jujdge emjptosrc, are an dmoit inoompcebenaible jargon. ,. ■ I iij>f,jatifcriiir>it.«faaiii«>i JuiadiiaMn^iiiii*. w«l»iiMi«dWblfaiii»JW»&«*i,yu«i»*iiMW .mfmkmmmiitiiii uin lifffflttiiiife'iiiaii'iiifgw^i^'"-' im y note that lecl by 9y»- Thua '< the 1 ti not go- of Jersey, were parcel e crown of They are lart the dw loicnt book nier. The ter,^ is there the Tirioui iona of the liy disaimi- md even in tnvulsiona'* y threeteiM enjoy a de- States, an- tils, with • There is snnaylvania raa itturiw ire ppecise- ae to Gaor- each mind that the la- mutual aid. riking aha- of the pro- In Great fer no such etna. The ih jurisprv- ho reads Ml i^ho reads a uing of the Tbi0i»UQ- cotland has * Medicine, eeUialpow- nrms which jargon. 41 « *teH>ana liie turn qui* nan inteUigor ulli." It is said, with an air of treat alarm, that Reports aro pub- liahed of dcciaiona in the different State Courtn, and that this multiplicity of hooka muat lead to confuaion. Let it be recol- lected, however, that the deciaion made in each Stat^, whether right or wrong, furnishea a conclusive rule in that State. It is not the lean uniform and unvai^ing in its application, l>ecause a different rule may obtain in England, or in any of the aiater States. There is no oonfuaion or faltering in the actual admU nistration of Justice. Why, then, should harm result from the publication of decisions? If they had remainef', be it obserred, in manuscript or in the memory, nobody would be perplejiedi and they would interest no one beyond the limits of &e par- ticular State. The benefit to be derived from their publication is manifest If a lawyer in Pennsylvania be anxious to learn how the law atands on a particular point in New York, he as- sumes, that Chilty or Sugden, will Airniah a elue, but it is all the better if he can, instead of writing to New York for in- formation, refer to an Index of decisions, and ascertain, in a moment, whether the question has actually engaged the atten- tion of the Judges of that Sute. It will not be denied that the practitioner as welt as the citizen of the Sute, in which the decisions form a binding rule, is greatly interested in having them placed within his reacK through the press. But the com- plaint is, that elsewhere, each volume publiahed forms a dis- tressing addition to the Law Catalogiies. According to this, it would lead to great confusion in Eng- landy if the Scots Reports wiere intelligible to the English bar-! rister; and it would be much better for us, if the systems of law, in the several States, were so decrepant that no one of them could borrow illustration f^^m the other. Suppose our neighbour Mexico, were to adopt the Common Law — ought we to regret the circumstsnee! Captain H[all says, i^m— be- eause here would be a twenty-fifth •' co-ordinate'' tribunal on the same continent, deciding points of Isw, and, by and by, volumes of reporta will come out to annoy and perplex us.* It might, with quite as much force, be urged, that the mnltipli- eitjr of reports published in the United States, is eatculatedto ccMiftise the English Courts. These books profess to iliusthtte fbts Common Law, and, if possessed of merit, there is no rea- son why they should not be sought for, andrekd, wherever that law prevails. They are no. more binding on the Courts of the other Sutes, than on the King's Bench. Their weight, out of the partieuUr State, is derived not from th<; offioial character of ue'person who has pronounced the decision, but from tho deface of talmt, wfaieh is supposed to have been broaxht to its eompoiitSon. An Essay b)r Mr. Kent, or Mr. Spencer, will •nry grMtir ioflaence than a judicial opinion of 'iie Court over fi ll ' ■ IIW I I IF''* which t)wf reA«ntl? |n«fli<1«id. In ihort, mppoainK what it not th« fid, t^t M«h 6«tU> had iin reporter, the r«auk would b« ba- thing mf)T9t tluii if twenty-four centlemen iif profeMlon*! r*** pMtftbilUy wttre empbyed in puwiahing ao many MlttioiM^ of BlaokatotiOv or tny other elementary writer, with eonmonM. Whoever'will take the trouble to glaaae orer theao nmtU, or •fen to look over a digeator them will be turpriaed to N«d how little diaerepMey thovo if unongat the different tribunals. TiMy rvMli tlM mmm eottiolaaioo with a greater or leaa diaplay of i««rn> ing asfl iBgemity. fhk tUt will be very apparent on looking orer a atandard EligUah work, republiahed •• with American notMk" Tbo reault, then, will not be aa Captain Hall auppoaea, a *' laord eoirrulaioo," but that it will not be thotight neeea- aary for the lawyer to run hia eye eagerly over the Index of fyery Toliimo t)i»t afipeara in law-hindinc. Tho truth ia, eTe> ry one muat know tne utter impoaaibility of maatering oren what ia of eatahlished authority in the law. Who can protend to have read Viner'i Abridgment, and verified all the rtfor- encea? "If," oiya Lord E^akine, "a man wore to begin to read hia Ltw Ubirary through, he would be aonenuinualed be- fore he came to the end." l^ven in Selden'a day, **Tho main thing ia to know where to aearch." (Table Talk.) Amongat thia vaat collection of booka acme principle of aoleetion rauat, of courae, be adopted, and the be«t, undoubtedly, ia that of r«- forting to thb great maater apirlU of the ayatem. The late Mr. Finknev, who stood at the head of the American bar, ne- ver tired of Coke Littleton. In thia aeience, aa in every other, atudenta are dtivoo to adopt Pliny'a rule of reading not <* mul- t%" iMit '* quillnpa^" . It cannot be a grievance to the Ameri- can lawver tjlMt Mne of theae atandarf work* are th« prodiie- tio^ of hia «wn. oouotry. - We ahoiit Index of ruth ia, ere- itering ewn o«n pratond II the rtfero I to begin to innuaied be> <*Tho main I Amongat letion nuMtf la that of r«- . The lata can bar, ne- every other, ; not " mul« the Ameri- the produe- jiterpretatidn Dgreca, reati Acaaein- nrady to tho to that tri- iat ia aare to pe, we have ahed to the igKinitBO|^ tveay ABflpot Mipdwer* Mnla Im hM.i e^bywlniqi 40 wkal we would think of their deciding upon <« the b«i( Uad of iwenl in the maehtnery of ■ Chroeonie«tr," or " how a •tntoiM ahip nhould be got off a reef of reeka." Thia iiigu- mtol, loo, will apply juat aa well to England M to Araorioo, INUiflk by a peculiar plan of reform, he can eontri're to dlaAwi* dliwf^l except the rotten boroughi. The votera who actually roluni RBombera to Parliament he will acareely deacribe aa men of profound learning and aagacity. lltmt then, pro lanto, la a ▼ioioua part of the ayatem. Hut, fartkor, evea anofioeing the queetiona preaented to a voter, to he a« abeUmeo aa tho pointa to which CapUin Hall reflsra, we muai beg him to reoMunbor that the latter may come, even in Kngland, before tho vory poraona whom he ao much deridaa. Sujppoao an aetioni oC 4i conlra<^' for a aupply of the beat deeeription of Chronometera, or a con- teat between the maater of a ahip, and hia owners, or IVeightera, ee to the eserciae of due diligence and akill, the deeiaion muat, in either oaae, unavoidably, devolve on the very men, aa jurora, whom Captain Hail holda in auoh aovereign contempt They llalon to teatimony, aa the voter doea to political reaaoning, but tho ultimate reaponaibility ia thrown on thoir judgment Such ia the peril of an illuatrationt It ahould be mentioned, by the way, that Captain Hall, by aaiuming what he deema a graceful air of candour, aeema to have prepared, in anticipation, an apology for the blundera into which hie raahneae might lead him. Thui, at Philadelphia, a gentle- man took him to taak, about an opinion on the aut^ect of lan- |ua|e, whieh he had advanood in hia book on Loo Choo. ** Be> lore he proceeded far in hil argun)ent, ho rpado it quite eleer, that I had known little or nothing of th« nuttorj an^ when at length, he aaked, whjf tueh aiattiment* k«d Mi put forth, thora waa'no eoawer to bo made, but that i^ Dr«Johnaon to tho ladv, who diaoovered a wrong deftnitioh b kie Otetionary, ** MMor ignorance, madam!" Now, we very nitieh qoeaiion hia right to take r^go under the mantle of Dr. Johbacrti, and we are quite euro that the Doctor would hate indignantly repelled him. Tho boft of human wo^ka, after the moat aAxioue prepa- ration, are liable to orrori but thia ia aeareely a auffleitont vindi- eaiion of him who travela out of hia proper aphere, and haiarda rockltii aeaertiona about mattera whieh he haa not evert ettonipt- od to maiter. Ho mev miilead the ignorant, while ho" cuiaot fonder the alightett aid to thoae who are competent to forM an dpinion. Captain Hall thinka it very abaurd to auppow that an ''AmoflMtn eitiMn ii aualified to exereiae, underatandindy, the ' r{dllilifiKyftiige{ and yet ho undertakes, daring hia ride ovor mi^tmlfHo donotanoo all iti ioftitutioM «nd ito whole eoune wtpdeeod to noiieo MHoaotfthlrttinticiW MiiMmiit do- 's :^? ip^ "mm m He h%» ilMrantiH), Itr^^riy, on liin prteiie« of i^tvtng to Otfr isowna th« ntmat of th« nclebrtled plteca or ptnon* of antkiui* t«| M«l (his pMt of hia liook aflTorda, parhapi, • prm^y fair ap^ MOMa of lh« pow(tf of rcaaonrng ami r«tA«c(ion which \\» uia- playaon toniM, imI a, fullowwi oftan by • good hoarty lau|^ " lit, aftarwartla, undtirweni a«v«ral change* of opinio* on th« aubjact to which we ahaii tdrsrt* alltr firit o^ foriag a fiiw woriA» or osplanation. .' ^ \ ■ . Thai a (own eonlaining a larga numbar of hooiaa and inhabi- tanta, ia antidad to a nama of aome kind or othar, will acarr«ly be denied. Haringi than, axhauated the old a(oek of family ap> Cfllativea, whither are wo to turn? The ahifta to which England aa reaofted are truly embarraaaing to a stranger. Thua^ if ho hare an acquaintance at ** Neweaatle," he may not hope that a letter, thua directed, will reach it* deatination by mail, unlaaa h« know whe(her the proper addition be *' unJer /An»t" or ** Ufon 7yn«." Then (here ia •• Hanlay Mpon Thame*,'* and « I1«i- Ity in t^rtUn" 4ic. Itc. In London, too, the aanse aeanty nc^ meoelaturo ia a aoarce of like ineonvenianoe. The American Oonaul'a Office ia in Biahopagate Street; aye, but •< Biahopa|$at« 8(r*«t wUhin," or ** Biaho|Mgata Stufl withouir' The word Mto Is in pm^uat reqtiiaition, *' A«t0 Bond Street," "New Buriiogton Straet," ke., whilat halfni-doien of the aame namo •ra diranguiahabia onlv aa attaekit to different Squaraa. aai ara Tory maeh oAndad, if tb* title ba oot given in full. Svary atraiifer remambara, " I have ordered auppar to-night in BoaU tihoap," but if Im 90 in purauit of the Boar'a Head with no othar etua, h« ia quito «nkbarraaaad to find, that io tha mareh of ia- provaaient, there ia «« Orwt Eaatehaap," and ** LUth EaaU ehaap," and in hia vexation, ha ia tamplad to wiah that thaaa paopie had known, where, aa Falataff Mjv **• ooMoMditjr of good uamea were to ba booght." " : Hi To obviate thia liability to«oofua(on !•, of iouraa, tha Aral 0^ jaot, and though thar* ba not mueh in a name, yet, in making a •rioation, it ia quite natural that aome refijrence to a feeling of propriatjr ahould mingle in tha debate. Captain Hall would hava bean atartled at coming to a plaee called ^igitra, juat aa h« would have looked round with aurpriae, at hearing an AoMrieaa aaluted aa Benedict Arnold. In domeatio life we are foad of coofiirriag on our children namea which may place before thair eyaa, na modela, aueh of our relativea aa ware moat eatimable for ooaduct and character, ao aa not only to furniah a MMroua in- eontive to virtue, but a pcfpetuai rebuke of unwortbiiMMa. W« ▼antim to aaaert, that tbia important matter waa duly attandad U^ ia nforaoce to GapUin Halloa amiable: Uttla fdlow-tnvolkv. I i I II wtMWiwraaMMiSii- mm tng to our of antkiui- ijr fair m*- ieh h» he oldeat hoiuM renu'ilio, we are n«co«aarily ^ven Uet' t( anaient timca. Now, t* la aini^ulariy uafortunaln for ua, that all tne Captain'a prrjudieaa run In an oiaitlv oppo- •tte diraaliin irom onra. I'hiia he ritUeiilaa the Htate I^k'''*' inrta, beea-« hv. Anda in Ihmn, Farmora, *' nut, however, likfl the Rn||lah (lenlkmnn farmer, for aurh eiiaraetera do twi ax« lit, and cannot eaiat in any part of the United Slaleit. th- y are man wH«> follow the plounh.'* Of rourae, Ind he hof^n on« of tho«j whj waited on Cincinnalua, in old timea, to olier him the dietatorahip, and found hiro ancaged in the aaoie deroKalory em- ployment, Captain Hall would have turned HIT with huge dia- ^t\a — htvo pronounced the Roman to Imj "wt ganiMman," and 4«i:lartd that he waa not at all thr aort of per^n for Wtuit pur- po««. W'len, therefore, he found a gitsat town aalled aP.^-r auch a t>n the j^rounda of hia con- damnation. He repreaenU himeelf to have become aahamed of Uie mirthful r. Irit whioh he at Arat manifeated, *« All theae «,n- eoufteoua ami egan to think, that the Anie.iQ.inf, ''aliheugh they had bruken tl.t eurdaof national union, were atill diepeaed to bind themaelvea Ih us, by the tlua of cj^.'-ical aentiment at UmL" He ihua prooeei:?: " By tho aame train of friendly rea« aoning, I w*ta led to imagine it poaaible, that the adoption of auoh namea a • Auburn—* lovelieat villige of the plain'— Port Byron, and the innumerable Londona, Dublin*, Bditibwgha, and aoon, weve indicative of a latent or lingsring kindlineaa towarda t}.a old country. The notion, that it «raa degrading to the vener a- fele Roman namea, to fix them upon theae muahroom towna in the wiiderneaa, I eembated, I fattered myaelf aomewhat adrf>it- ly, on the principle, that, ao ft r from the memory of Ithaca or Pyracoae, or any aoeh place, hung degraded by the appropria- tion, the honour rather lay with the ancienta, Tho, it ic the fa- ahioo to take for gt anted, enjoyed a leaa amount of freedom ind intdligenoe than their modem njimeaakea. ' Let ua,' I aaid one day, to a friend, who wia impugr ing theae doctrioea, « take Syra- oaae for example, whioh ic; the v ear 1890, conaiated of one houae, one mill, and one iav«T>; now) in 1687, it holda fiAeeo hundred ii^iMtanta, haa two large obUrelie*, innumerable wealthy ahopa, fitkldwith cooda brought there bv water-carriage from every cor- nar Of tllo Globe; tWlarga vd a^inndid botela) many doxena of ffomf Horoa or whtakey alio;a; aavoral buay printing oreaaca, WW of which iaauea n w-^ily oewapaper; a datiy puat f roHi M ttomiMmnh tha aoutb, ff'jd ti>« rest; bM a broad raou run* K.i",3.jmm^^j •mtmm^mm^ 52 ning through its bosom i in short* it is a great and frae city. Where is this to be mstohtM)/ I exolaimea, 'io Ancient Italy or Greece?' " . , *' It grieves ne much, however, to have the ungracious task forced upon me* of entirely demolishing my own pla^sible bao-< diwork. But truth rendera H necessary to declare, that on a longer acquaintance with all these m«tters, I discovered that I was all in the wrong, and that there was not a word of sense in what I had utter^ with ao much atudied candour. What is the most provoking proof, that this fine.doetrine of profitable asso' ciations wss practically absurd, is the fact, that av^n I.myMlf, thoucb comparatively so little acqusinted with the' olaasieal loundirig placea in question, have, alas! seen aod heard enou^ of thesfi, to have nearly all my classical recollections swept away by the contact*. Now» therefore, whenever J meiat with the name o/ p Roman city, or. an author, or f general,, instead of having my thoughts carried back, aa heretofore,, to the regions of antiquity, I am transported forthwith, in imaftiqation, to the post-road on nty way to Lake Erie, and my jouits and bones turn sore at the bare recollection of joltinosyand other nameless vuJffar annoyances by day and by night, wbicH I much fear, will outuve al|. the RUte oIaasicsl> knowledge of my Juvnik dsys.'' When we remember that the cari^ emigratUi to Rome wero thieves and out-thr^ts^-that its comer stone wai atained by the blood of thftfeupder'i brother-^th«t wives were procured from the Sabines by, a process of courtship^ for which* io modern timea,^ the wooers would be all hanged or tr808portcdir-.and that the very site of the infant town was chosen from some absurd superstition aboutaflightof bird*— the presttmptioDof ad(^ng even that proud name, may tiot, perhaps, boed altogeihev unpardonable.. . TheM. towns l^ve grown Aip with a rapidity nreat^r, than that of Rome. ', They were Viqded by meoi who brought with thtem virtuous wives aod dtuf^Mwrsi and whose earliest ^tgject, in the case referr^ to by the tourist, was to huild «iwo largiB churches"- for the iHir^ope of w||rshipping (l<>d sc-. cordliog; to the dictates.of that relii^on fpr, which psptaio Hall imfMfWI a v«ry sincere ceelt He «iii|ht well arte, then, whether ' t|b ongio oif way heathen tourn of antiquity pceecnita a spectado half sovinjteresting to the philao.thr^i^t or the Christian. But thfs reason which he asi^sfiir his ultimate decifioq if the iiost singular part of the, whole mfitter. . After having confuted his anonymous firteod in the i^guoient, aibe geoenlly cinitrivM to do. on all these o^euioos, he seems annious to sheiir that he. can "confute, ehange stitea, and «/ttf eoofinte.'* He deeldes that the Americtos are ill wi»n|(, bei$«use. il«,a iwsfuig WtllM'i in^- fltead of bearing away with hima Uioipwi eirew m s t a mo e which itii^ht kindle admiration and enthusiasm, perf^sfily (dMK>sM to remetoher noUiiogi^ic^ thithe n^scmMttei^wtiw neighs * iiifc^ ,iiii: liMi itiiii i ii ii ii i i i mi i i I ■■f^v*;-?:-"**^"^*' 53 free citr. :ient Italy cioui task itible bao" that oa a irad that I \t seoM in iThatisthe able asso* I.ipyaelf, } olaaaieal rd enou^ veptaway with the instead of le xegioiM on, to the ind booee ■ nameleai I feari will ik days.'' l^mewere nedby the ured from a modern r-and that ne absurd f adi^pg altogether • rapidity meot who md whose as to build IK Qipd sc- ptaid Hall D, whether ispeetade an. fioq is the geoitfuted viT that he Bteldesthat teller, in'- NM which ^Nooses to lheiMi|b- bourfaood, a piece of bad roadt This is the wbok of his argu> ment. Is it, to use his favourite epithet, a Tery '• philosophi- oal" one? Gibbon, in • letter from London, in 1T93, apaakinie of the highway a few hours' ride from the metropolis, says, «I was almost killed between Sheffield Place and Eaat Grinsted, by hard, frozen, kms snd cross ruts, that- would disgrace the ap- proach of an Indian wigwam." Yet he did not take a dismnt either to Loitdon, or to the resideoee of his friend, Lord Sn^f- field, liven Captain Hall professes to revert with infinite plM< sure to the soeoes he witnessed in Canada,' notwithstandiitg all the horrors of hist>x-cart. *< Over these horrible wooden cause* ways, technically called corduroy roads, it woirid be misery to travel in any deeeripUoe of carriage, but in a wagon or cart, with nothing but wooden spria|S, it is most trying to every joint in one's body. A bear-skin, it ia true, is generally laid on the sea^ but this slips down oraKps up, in short, somehow or other, the pooir voyages bones pay for all, notwithstanding the lender roer» eies of the bear. Thie reeoHetkion o( such annoyances, hewe> ver, were thty twenty HTtiet gteaier, WouM vanish beneath the renewed touch of acreeable -society. On reaching l(ork," &o. We are oeeasionally led, indeed^ to suspect, not a little, the in- tegrity of the Captain, in his assumption of »8ort«f bhifi*, duwn- ^ rights temper^ which «ompe& him to nlake ofiensive remarks. «M Muatnv thir," " Truth obliges me," &c Thus on c|uit» titigthe Capital of Upper Canada, the party found, ^^close^ choky woods; the hpear* aoee in a more formidable shape, by tl^e addition of deep, inky holes, which almost ^wallowed up the fore«whee!s of the wtigon, •ad bsthed Jts'hind<»- site tree. The jogging and plunging to Which w» were new exposed, and the occasional bang wheathe vehide reaehed the Hbottorn of one of these abysses, were so new emd rfmarkable 'inih^hiMtory of our travels, that we tried to make a /rood Joke of them, a^d felt rather amused than other- wise OR discovering, by actual ezperimeat, what ground might on a pinth, aa it is called> be travelled evert" WlMD so much^ good humour is manifeeted in Camda--<4vhen h»ia foood ofiering the iort nauseous flattery to the people there, to their faees^ ih^t the *< tboef of their <*maQn«i|" and the blessings of tiieh- condition,— ,i 'tter--he! \i(ii|ttfc^ .4»l>«asitssliidaa4phin .pw aurt tpt>j^ twth •T^ Mth«7«9a^iakeit^-«>-4rndt->he'iplun. ... r* These U|id of l^iiBves^kiipw.irhioV"'*''^?'*''*'^'**^ ^''-'- '^CtiafcawrmBiatt^MidaBDnsiirifMraiMhi ' I '•''•(piPiPB''?***** A4 Than twentyiUl^, daekinv olwemiit<« That itretch their duties nicely. The part of Captain Haifa book whioh wean, perhapa, th« moat diaingenuotia air, ia that relating to Slavery. There ia no ti^ic, aa ia well known, which haa furniahed ao many sarcaantf agaioat the United Stateatta the exiatenoe of a practice ao utter- ly at war with that nni^eraal freedoofi, which their popular in- atitutionp are aupposed to guaranty. Under the preaaure. of thnw reproachea Americana have Uken the trouble to trace with great care the history of the riae and progreaa of thia evil, and tuiv« eatabUshed, by the eleareat evidence, thatitwaa planted theitf against (he earneat remobatrancea of the colonists — that it WM Med on us at a period when we formed a component part of IM Qritiah empire, and that the earliest «flerU of the States, so soett •i Aey became independent, were directed to mitiglte* and in mttmoS tbem actuiUy to extirpate it The in&mous traffic was im Ofisned, and pursued, by Sir John Hswkins. So late as the year I713, England enga^d to supply Spain. w'th 4800 negrote UHMlilly, and it was only by the treaty of Madrid, concluded oa the 5th October, 17,50, that ahe yielded « sired to avoid the incipieat evil t?hicb haa iallea so heavily itpoir their descendants. '^ He assumes a philosophical air aa the besC reply. ''This scornful baodyinf of national recrimination^ however, is, to aay the least of it, very unphilosophical-^in ftet, worse than useless, as it tends to irrit«ite two couctries who ha^ no eause of quarrel.'' Speaking ef the aoiious efforts everf vihvte Blade to rentier the condttloo of this class of beings moM tfderable, he saya, " It ia useress, then, for foreigner* to hold the language of reproach or of appod to America, thtrshy imply- ing a beliff in the existence of adeh legialative fiower. It ia mischievous to suppose that^uch interference cap be of ose, be* «iaie this vain belief tutvs mea'^ thoughts finom tboee genuine ineliorations, which- are pottible, into chaAoeb .;!liere philan* •• wiell 88 pitrtotism either ran icorapi^irtji' to waste (^r tntdden enuweip8tion i8 impo8ail|fl^ he>^tKede8. 1% ^ . . i-.K i. r I iiWrfll iMiii>i;riiWfe"itnFi%i1ifiii(,'iTii7 li i i. fi i -rt i rr.'^il i liiilMiwk.i i -w"® mm Siv ■"•F «rhapf, th« There is no ly Mrcumt ce so utter- popular in- ure, of th«w B with crMt I, and nave •ntod thara that it rpartoftlM iMyBOaMMf ;ite« and in r traffic » late as tlie SOOnegrodi ) concluded It to the an* nual ^|i^'' t therefiMM^ irter. I^Mt Dur defeoM may be in- Hefacei the p;land w^tb ehargt H^ , waa every r Itmw to neerely de^ BavilyitpoD aa the beat imi nation!^ ■1-^infiMt, « who ha^ forts every •eingsmoite toholdliie lity imply- mw. H i> of use, be* Me geoube ere pbihn- waste <^r Kedes. It; 65 cannot be expected that men, " who liko their fathers before them, have derived their whole substance from this source, and who look to it as a provision for their descendania," can ha ex- pected at once to surrender their property. Were the British West Indies to become independent, and to adopt a form of Government, having especial ref«?rcnce to popular righta, they could only say, as we do, that it was an evil belonging to other days, from all the effects of which it is impossible now to escape. Vet, with this air of candour, Captain Hall takes care that his book shall qot waut the piquancy so acceptable to the palate of Amo who cherish the ** unkind feelinga," which he attributes t*. this country. No work on America has furnished to malig- irity, so many delightful, johoice paragraphs as these very TnH iWk He well knows that, in the temper which he descritMH* there are many who take up every such book, with a view to More deeply, for e-Jinei, just ao much as will serve to gf«|dfy the vitiated appetites for which they^ daily cater. YfU'^Mikfit therefore* a great deal about " inconsistency with the priii«k|j|li ao much cried up in that republic,^* He cives a long wim^tX of tbo aale of a Slave at Washington, and throws in with 'dra- ■Mtio effect, **Tbe flag^ were just hoisted on the top of the IwiMing, which intimate that the Senate, and the House of Re- pragantatives had assembled, to discuss the afiairs of thia frtt fMuMon— Slavery amongat the rest.'' He tells us, that during the rale he exclaimed, *< with more asperity than good breedinCf thank €hd! we,don*f do such thinga in my country." If ariuuned of this oat break of vulgarity, why put it into hia book to minister'to the ael^complaoency o> the one aide, and tlie mor- tificatioD of the oUier? Captain Hall dtelinea to argue the que»> tioD) whether the parent oouutrv did hot fasten on ua this evil in spite of our ^eraonatraneea; be deprecates an allusion to her wapfifitM Spain with negroes, under the accursed Aniento con- tract mirMy, then^ it is worae than pha^^asaical, for Great Bri- taui) to stand dar off and thank God, riee, in thia paiticiilar. May we not be reminded of the tri- umph of a mother, who, miving adminiatered poiaon to her iirfant child, blesses herself, in sfter lifis, that she ia not racked by (he lingering |Muna it hss left behind, and who mocka at the oecaaional eonvulatve twitch of her otfopring's muscles? , He works up, very happily, what he saw at New Orleans. It may. be reedily eonoeived that one of the arguments urged in ex- tenoition of Wavery, is the impoMibility, in some of the States, of employing any other deaetription of labour. Thus Louisiana, •■ Captain Hill remarks, "roust be worked by Slaves, or not •tdL" Hence it was not unnatural to take advantage ol[ Mportooity of traoaferring^tbem to a dimato.more cot Jps flonstitotiop of the nexro, and where thij argume,,^ ^ ^^. itve it! fiiU aUeviatiiif mat* Many gentlemen ^tilifmSmm^ »/-•■ ,r 4 *.Jt t' *M^ ;.-,(**;, »T quently, say they, auch increaae ought to be forwarded by «t«- ry possible meana, aa the greatest bleaaing to the country." (Vol. i. p. 153.) CapUin Hall never heard an American utter such a sentiment, and he ia deaired to point to any effort thua to force population. If auoh were the prevalent theory, why not offer our public landa gratuitously to the foreigner, or even add a bounty of aixtv pounda aterling to every family agreeing to accept a hundred acres, aa baa been done in Canada? We have again to regret that Captain Hall, inatead of offering a mawkiah eulogium on Dr. FnnUin (the •^ Socratea of modem timea") had not Uken the trouble to read the worka of that aage and pa- triot. In the Remarks to Smigranta^wTiUea in the year 1784, will be foiind the following expreaaiona:---** Strangera are wel- come, becauae there ia room enough for them all, and, therefore, the old inhabiunta are not jealoua of them; the lawa protect them au£Sciently, ao that they have no need of the patronage of great men; and every one will enjoy aecurely the pro&taof hia industiy. But if he doea not bring a fortune with hin, he muat work and be induatrioua to live." The aame feeling existo at the preaent day. We do not con- sider, aa Captain Hall pretenda, an increaae of population to be the *' greateat bleaaing." We hold tlie diffuaion of sound mo» rala, of atuebment to our inatitutiona, and of educafion, to bo the paramount objeeta of aolioitude. We Mieve that thoae who come amongat us, and ff nd themaelvea in tue midat of a tranquil* induatrioua, and happy people, where the lawa aeeure to every «n«o the fruiuof hia induatry, and where the opportunity of exr eitbiog that induttcy ia readily feand, «i«y b« «xpc«tad to £01 n i m i i'i i i)iB i W»Vi i i -. i ^'iff t lD Wi W' ' ■"P*" "TfPW f-— t. uUiana and n Hall wit- I Baltimore, r decks pre- aneiro. In 1 the aaTage icf a frte I, and notice Dn by thoM ful operator the pbiloio- is it ** tends •el!" narked, " It im, to doubt head for en all intenU, andpowett ty. Conie- rded by eve- B country." lerican utter iffort thus to or even add agreeing to } We have ; a mawkish 9m timet") lage and pa- e year 1784, »rs are wel- d, therefore, laws . protect patronage of' urofita of his lin, he must do not con- ilatioo to be r sound mo* laQon, to be It those who )f a tranquil* uu« to every tonity of ex- leatedtoliai d7 into those habits which wHf render them quiet, nsefbl citizens, and to beoomn attaohiNi to the institutions which anxiously con- sult their safety and happiness. If the stranger be wealthy, he nay Meet his plan or life, without danger of moleatation; if neeidy, the implements of labour are speedily placed in his hands. CaptMn Hall visited, on the banks or the Delaware, one of the brothera of Napoleon, the Ex-King of Spain, and remarks, **I trust I am taking no unwarrantable liberty, by mentioning that he has gained the eonftdenee artd esteem, not only of all his neighboura, but of every one in America, who has the honour of his acquaintanee— -a distinction which he ov«^es partly to the diseretion with which he has uniformly avoided an interference with the exciting topies thst diatraot the country of his adoption, and partly to the iuavity of his personal address, and the gene- roua hospitality of his prineeiy establiahment." Another mem- ber of the same faniity, but hot in the aame aflSoent ciraum- •tanoes, ia endeavouring to make himself useful in Florids, and was reoently a eandidate for a aeat in the eoimcil of that territo- ry^. If he possess any portion of the talent of his great retatitre, he may be destined to aid ht the formation of its code of lews, when It shall have a sufficient population to become a member of the Union. We haire no apprehension of strangers. The ttream is tdo broad, and deep, and atr6ng, to be discoloured or rendered turbid. The idle and the profligate quickly find that Amertea is not their proper home. The mera schemer is soon rebilked by Iho good sense and steadiness of the peode, and abaadAnt them In deapair. Captain HalFs deistical or theistlcal countryihapt Mr Owen, he may take back and ^veleome. We do not thinlt it the '* g^vatest blessing*' to have amongst us rtneo nke him, who, failing \t every ttiiHg else, at length makea dee- perate anitdl at odr souls. These blasphemous visionariea ara nMrthwith ejcpoaed, andiaoghed ai v^'h» t tiiqpidAt' proof of Caplna Hail's wish to iniatepresent, tk'Bi abeurtf^^iiiisconeepHon, 'tn may refer to Ma aecbunt of our impatieBee at being obliged to dstt the Engliah language.. '* It is eiirhra* eoouf^** hi says, *<'by the way, to see the dSfscMt- /b^/ that some deniglml9iM«JnfMiy^fi« stow to the mere name of Mr eoMiiHM tongoft'* .'^ - .;'' - That any nch etlry expression of '^'diseomfbrt'* ceaehed hit et«^ itri(ttM»fa»rtiiMblB; but Ve can readily believe that he Oiay hit» Httard moBdi AmeHcant, a spectilaHte suipgestion oh the tobjeet which h<^hMrttrangelypeH«rted,and which we win at° tM^ttoetpldni. ' 'H hat, uodonhMlyt been ttfmMiiAes thotrgRt > matter of te- 0M that thefe lis no liMigaa|e Which' has grdwn up, at it were, with' the eoiMtrir) iod whieh heirs, at we might theii hope it would, • peeeiliir, ftdieitoot, reference id/' its coudit^oo, phyriell 3 ;,^^UdiAfl- .■^i':\ 58 Nctcr, It muit be rememberad that we brought with ut ■ lm> gunge •dtpteii to « state of things cMentially different from that which America presents. Take for example the word " Lake." Drawing our ideas from England, and from Engliah poetry, we atUch to it the notion of an appendage to pleasure-grounds. We think of Goldsmith's line — " Space for hU Lake, his park'i cixtended boiuuli." and it is not until an American finds himself on one of our vast internal seas, which bear the same name, that he feels the abject poverty of the epithet. He haa read and thought of American nature through the medium of a translation. The word ia so far from suKgestinc the object, that he haa to disengage himself from its influence, oefore its conception can adequately expand. He has measured by square inches, what must be measured by square miles. So of the word ** Falls," which is eaually ap- plied to those of Niagara — to those of the Clyde— and to those of Montmorency, which Captain Hall declares, with some as- perity, to bo " truly contemptible." He saw one of the art' vanes Or breaches in the bank of the Miasissippi. '« There was something pecjliarly striking in this casual 8tream-~-a mere drop from the Great Mississippi, which in many other countries might almost have claimed the name of a river." Yet we have no word to distinniish this river from the Cam or the Isis. When Sir William Jones went to India, he did not think of looking for the Poetry of that region amongst the English re- sidents at Calcutta or Bombay. His remarks, perhaps, will H- lustrate what is meant: " If we allow the natural objects with which the Arabs are pttrpetually conversant to be sublime and beautiful, our next step must be to oonfess, that their comparisons, metaphors, and allegories are so likewise, for an allegory is a string of meta- phors* a metaphor is a short simile, and the finest similes are drawn fipom natural objects." (Essay on the Poetry of the East- em Nations.) "These comparisons, many of which, would aeem forced in our idiomst have undoubtedly a great delicacy in theirs." (lb.) «< // is not sufficient that a nation have a ge- nius for poetry t unless they have the advantage of a rich and beautiful language, that their expressions may be worthy of their sentiments; Ui^ Arabians have Uiis advantage also, in a high de- gree; thmr language is expressive, strong, sonorous, and the most copious, perhaps, in the world; for, as almost every tribe had many words Appropriate to itself j the poets, fok* the con- venience of their measures, or sometimes tor their singular beautyt made use of them all, and as the poems became popu- lar, theae words were by degree incorporated unth the whole language." (lb.) ** We are apt to censure the oriental style, for Ming so tuU of metsplKWSi taken from the sun and moQn; I ut ■ Ian* t from that d •• Lake." poetry, we undf. Wo of our vaat I the abject r American word ia so ■ge himself i\y expand, leasured by eaually ap- na to those h some ifl> of the cre- ' There was I mere drop ktries might ve have no [sis. ot think of English re- ips, will il- B Arabs are I, our next iphors, and iig of meta- si miles are of the Etst- lich, would : delicacy in have a ge- I a rich and -thy of their 1 a high de- US, and the every tribe 61* the con- Ir singular icame popu- h the whole iental style, and mopD; 59 this is ascribed by some to the bad taste of the Asiatics; but they do not reflect, that evtry nation has a »et of imaure aa well aa my business to jgut acquainted with aa many of the inhabi'ants aa I could. This was an easy task, aa they were universally aa kind and obliging aa 1 had found their countrymen elaewhere." He declares, to bo sure, with a aneer, aa to theae aame peo- ple, that he found none of that " high-mindednesa" which had been " rung in his ears,'* hut aa he has omitted to inform ua how ho expected this quality to be manifeated we can give hia re- mark no definite answer. The circumatanoe from wnich he in? fers a taciturn diapoailion is, that people, ai the common tablo of the hotels, despatched their meala very haatily, and aeemed not inclined to euteir into ** chat " with each other. If Captain Hall ever travelled in England in a atage coach, or a ateam-ooat, or a packet, let him recollect whether he found his companiane disposed to fall promptly, into easy conversation. Even at th« first baiting place did he diacovor ■ communicative temper whilst awaiting the summons to return to the ooaoh? Now the buay people whom he aaw at theae tables, meet each other under pre- cisely the same circumstances, except that they have not previ- ously been shut up in a coach together, and are not to resume the

n imperti- sra obliging Uigent per- new," &c. well ai my ibi'anta aa I ally aa kind here." t A . aame peo- ' which had brm ua how give hia re- mich he in> nmon tablo ind aeemed If CapUio ateam-ooaty nompaniiiDa Kven at the mper whilst m the buay r under pre- » not previ- ; to resuDio ture to say, naahle cnaracteristio of a Oentlennan. Ho far, therefore, Captain Hall \\»» catabluheii the decided Noperioritf of the American over himaelf, and over any aociety of which he may be conaidcrod the rcpreacntative. There ia an air of cvtremo puerility, of which he will himaelf be ashamed " on cool reflection," in the introduction of rxtracts from tbia alle^^d American volume. If the existence of a book reprobating cs^rlain vulgar practicea, be deemed auflicient proof of their general prevalence, amongat peraonn having claima to reapectability, tliwn America might draw tfu »tm% inference aa to England, from the pobiication of the original work; and even the Decalogue or Whole Duty of Man, be deemed evidence of univemal ciepravity. In every noblema«\'a library in the king- dom, will be found hia Lordahip'a L«ttera, anxiously depre- cating practicea infinitely more revolting than any which the American writer haa aubjeeted to hia rriticiam. It would be very rash, however, to roncUiue that every Ena;liahman "eat* with hia knife, to the great danger of bis mouth, picks hia teeth with hia fork, and puta hia apoon, which haa been in his throat twenty times, into tho dishes again," or thst he, " has strange tricks and gesturea, auch aa snuffing up the nose, making fjces, putting his fingers in hia nose, or blowing it, and looking after- warda in his handkerchief, ao aa to make the company aick." Yet, CapUin Hall has led us to believe, that the «» American Chesterfield," is graphically deacriptive of the atate of manners in tho United States. Not to apeak of N»w York, which is tho especial object of hia eulogium,does he mean to say, that he was annoyed by such practices at Boston, •♦ with whose manners, appearince, and style altogether, we were much taken," or in "the agreeable aociety of Philadelphia," or the " ogreeable and intelligent society of Baltimore?" The reader must infer that be was, for after asserting the " too great fidelity " of the slric- turcfi, he strengthens the impression which he deairea to make as to tbcir general applicability, by excepting indeconun in liie Churches and Courts of Justice. • ' We might, perhap, render tho unfairneas of thia domfnct more obvious, by rewrnng to a recent number of a periodical work, conducted under dislinguiihed auspices. In the New Monthly Magazine, will be found a series of papers of which the purpose is to ridicule the prevailing vices of behaviour; and the necessity for the writer's labours was suggested to him, he says, by what actually fell under hi« own obaenration. It can^ 09 <9, v'lbratinf; 10 of which or the preMi \ie ihow by r either tex, • where, the in. So far, I miperiority of which he will himaeK n of rxtracts ce of • hook Ficient proof ig claim* to inference ai ■k| and even eridenee of in the king- lusly depre- ' which the It would be hman "eatf :k8 hif teeth in his throat • has strange laking f.ices, >okiiig after- pany aick." '* American ) of manners which is the , that he was se manners, ken," or in greeable and st inf«r that of the strie- ires to make :oT\uu in Lue '*,.'. ■' -f"' th!i c'ondnct a perioaical In the Newr ers of which haviour; and I to him, he ion. It cano not be aiipim"««< th*^ ^^)' po'iC'^'nt irony would have found a place, but Irom the hope of iho iiiusinoua Editor, thai tho nu- nieroua and faahionable patrons of the Miaoeltany might be be< nested hy it. Tlie following are amonfpt the maxims. 48. If you m»nt a female in the atreet, nrver give her the in< aide, unless it b« her right as. R« ortho4lox in politics as well as in religion, t'isll au Ameriean that rnpublica muat end in monarchy, and their ••- re«r be Mhort. Tell the HuMiiana, they are rogues and savages for miking war upon ihe gentle Turks, becauae yoM aell them goods, and it ., who, upon • nun tMHiig irM beforo him for MaaphemjTt and, in dofaneo, abuaini IM donrv, oMfllainMN* to a friend ailtinK on iho baneh with riimy «* IMl Im d— d i( i Will ail and hear ibo Chriatian Haligioo ro« TiM in thia manner." 179. Whan your dauRhton mb trmtlato **Co«nm«nt touii portot voiia," and interlard th«ir convaraation after the mode of Sivcrnoaaaa, with intorjecliona in that tongue — when they can ng the worda of an Italian aoim. the meaning of which they do not fiomprehend. and atrum ■ tuno out of time, il ia a certain proof of a faahionable educatioii, end that ihfy arn ripe for ao- oietyi proclaim them adepta in taatitful acquirementa, and cut all vrii will not implioitly credit your lie. 18V. «f you ride on ■ eoach in rain, manage to drain your umbruila in your neighbour's neck, it may be agreeable !u nina* If you ride down Bund 8lr(• tU, and CM I dnia TOur lable !u nim. iilo aniartly, lacniers. If irton in tha n/i/c, take it ^ou hold iha I apelled all itingto look licr« thero is Tell PTcr^ urn bad, hil >uKh he has Make your A or old wo« linM orders. I or cxhibi* lay aee too.^ keep free of >r American ning a critie irp, nngular* the TeeKl^pi as he repr#t ileTating his IS, whin all Im noeft per- aroG^ of vult bless of sslf- teSt. OtSMT' rinciple, Ifol bat ii diM 10 i » indalgt* native pcti'anee.* H«' had no mnrf right <•> he nide to so Amnricaii lady than tu the King In hii a|H!rch, at Hroek- ■Ville In Upper Canada, (vol. i. p. MH,) hetava, ** Foreiampkk if I were to take it into my head, liknTom rhitrnh, to awear I would be a rebel, and drclinn !iiy. inent, I don't conceive the King wculdf bo quite au '11 off, as I ahould bf, wren hia majeaty, On the other hand, to iiRnify that ho had no farther occaaion for my ser" irpn." It ia very Iruo that an A met lean lady ^ad no power of di of kaaiing about cosmogohyi and at New Haven it ii ^ffieult to avoid sayfaig aloud, with the good Vioar, " I beg pardon for intemipting so much leanunft butltUnklhavehcudthisbefore. Pnyiinotyourname^hnamJinkniKm?' . :::*Mia ■lati. I my ahoul- amused af- in the claM 1-haircd las- h the words did not daro nation; but r out of the ress, antici- erwards for that this is unpleasant in real life, lot ««afig" ^;'he is opi- that Walker't A made sure of played into the iictionaries be- «inarks, " The ve of tlie fate of ion." Now, on .uturbn; the fall 1 an illustration .miliar mode of leaks of tlie ex- Ting to the mo- id a "pitcher," I reference to a rthen vessels of with bryden— uspicionoffoul It New Haven, traightway thev i ihodesdy veib t^ that he aaked iich were gene? ■nUejiottoaeft le Captain'* logi* xclaim, " Go«i the world, dn r Uresistibfy M- angle uxvp of to avoid laylDg much leanunfc timJinldalMm?' % 67 nionative, conceited, eloquent. Then, I warrant, such a fuss about his plat ,, nnd his baggage, and eternal jars with the chambermaids, one passage in reference to this last matter has been already cited; but there is another so characteristic that it must not be omitted. It occurs at page 142 of his first volume. He is far away » in the western part of the State of New York. " One day, this is evermore the prologue to his tales of distress,) " One day, I was rather late for breakfnst, and as there was no water in my jug, or pitcher, as they call it, I set off post haste, half- shaved, half-dressod, and more than half-vexed, (i. e. in a great passion,) in quest of waler, like a s( iman on short allowance, hunting for rivulets, on some uii: own coast I went up stairs and down stairs, and in the course of my researches into haif-a-dozen different apartments, might have stumbled on some lady^s chamber, as the song says, which considering the plight I was in, would have been awkward enough." Now, on behalf of that very respectable class of females, the cham- bermaids of the western part of the State of New York, we have a word to say. From the antecedent description it would seem that the girl here aimed at, though not named, performed the duties of what is called "a maid of all work.'* Then it is evident, that Captain Hall was himself to blame, for lying in bed until she was called off to wait upon the breakfast table. That he is rather indolent and aristocratic in his habits, he has obligingly informed us. Thus on a subsequent occasion, he says, with a pleasant wit, « there is certainly more satisfac- tion in taking one's morning nap before setting out, than in rising with the stupid cocks, who have nothing else to do but crow," and adds, " We lay snoozing very snugly, to our good landlady's infinite surprise." But to return to the defence of the New York chambermaid. Captain Hall says, he was "/»a(/^-8haved." How was this? without water? Scarcely. Why did he commence? Above all, why go over the house, in a condition to offend an^ female he might meet ? Why not put on his clothes?, But for his own ^mparative sluggishness. Cap- tain Hall iifould probably have found in these chambers, ladies, he knew not, and he cared not whom. The English gentle- man will scarcely believe without referring to the volume, that we are serious, in stating,, that this disgusting trash is to be found in it '^ The truth, as usual, is to be gathered from attending to the -context. The maid referred to, was probably such a one as he describes, at page 121 of the same volume, " a pretty young womaa apparently the daughter of the master of the house." At the next page but one, and whilst in the same region of country, he says, " By the way of lee; this great luxury we found avery where in profttaioD, even in the cottages j and. an -i i ^ il r j.^>{a ij i|i i i;!-iii!||!i i r #»Sil»^>i>>*iN>liaft iiiii t>8 ice-pit near tho house, appears to be a matter of course. The Tfiischiffia, that one is tempted, in consequence, to drink too much water, and this to a stranger, entering a limestone country, is not a harmless indulgence by any means." Thus, then, the whole matter is explained. The poor girl put in his room, over night, as much of the liquid as she had found suf- ficient for any former traveller; but the Captain, allured by its coolness, guzzles away all night at the limestone water, and no wonder he was not ready, betimes, for his breakfast This ex- planation, is due to a young woman who has been slandered behind her back, in a strange country. Did Captain Hall sup- pose, that this " pretty young woman, apparently the daughter of the master of the house,'^ was to jog him by the shoulder ** Do you want more water?" Would it have been decent or becoming on her part! Nay, the girl was perfectly right, in even keeping out of the way of this thirsty soul, when, accord- ing to his owh showing, his appearance would have shocked a modest female. Here, then, we find a gentleman, going about the rooms of a house, expecting every moment to meet females, and conscious that his person was indecently exposed. Yet this refined personage is perpetually hinting, that he has some ominous disclosures to make, about what he saw in America. ** I might easily describe in what the difference consists, be- tween American and European manners. But there is always, I think, more or less, a breach qf confidence in such descrip- tions, however generally, or however delicately expressed/'- We confess, that the delicacy of this course of conduct is quite lost on us. Surely it would be both more useful, and more respectful to speak out plainly, so as to give us a chance of reformation, than to indulge in general contemptuous hints which operate abroad much more successfully ill the way of dintaragement, while to ourselves they are more|j|alling. He tells us, in another, place, that <* the rule^ of behaviour are not yet settled." As he has thus wrapt up himself in mystery, it is necessary to grope after the truth as well as we can, and as- suming Captain liaU himself tbjiie the representative of what he calls Europoan manners, to glean from his book, what he pro- bably deems the disadvantageous points of comparison. Thus, for example, we have already seen that the leading distinction between his o^vn manner, and that of the Americans, is found in their habitual courtesy, gentleness, and self-possession. So much for the drawing-room, and the dinner-table. Asto their deportment in country inns, he will certainly find few Ameri- can gentlemen disposed to be his imitators. It is not their way to run about a house, half-naked, into the sleeping apartments of females, oq the flimsy pretence of looking for iced water. In their simple code this would be held altogether ungenteel. It seems that the gentlemen in Canada, carry this indecent rsc. The drink too limestone J." Thus, put in his found nuf- ired by its ter, and no . This ex- slandered I Hall sup- e daughter le shoulder 1 decent or y right, in en, accord- ^e shocked joing about let females, osed. Yet e has some I America, snsists, be- s is always, ch descfip- ipressed,** conduct is useful, and tis a chance ftnouB hints the way of tiling. He lour are not mystery, it !an, and as- ) of what he hat he pro- on. Thus, distinction IS, is found sssion. So Asto their few Ameri- >t their way apartments iced water, ungenteel. lis indecent 69 exposure of the person to an extent, which It would be ininc« ing matters to call merely barefaced. Wc are indebted to Cap- tain Hall for the following anecdote. (Vol. i. p. 246.) " At this critical stage of our progress, when, I suspect, we only wanted a good excuse for turnmg back, but were deterred from saying so by the mere fact of its being hazardous to advance, we observed a portly-looking horseman approaching us from the marsh. In reply to our interrogatories, as to the state of the roads farther on, he shook his head, and assured us, they were much worse than any we had yet seen. * The truth is,' added he, chuckling at his own prowess, * I had myself some considerable distance to ride, through a place where it was so deep that the water came far above my knees.' On hearing th-' It i i > if »< f| i> n «,i i )i.ji i i ! J,i(>ijT'l 11" 1- r ili''nttlir iilMiiif'iffiflIfy 70 !' must refer him to what his been said by one of his brother officers, the Hon. Mr. De Rood. « In American society, there is fur less formality and restraint, than is found in that of Europe; but I must observe, that, not- withstanding the freedom of intercourse which is allowed, the strictest propriety prevails, both in conversation and djsmea- nour." " I had an opportunity of witnessing an instance of the cordial and unreserved communication which exists," &c. « Tho manners of the women are so easy and natural," &c. The difierence between the two witnesses is, probably, ex- plained by the circumstance, that one, from his birth, has had access to the society of a Metropolis, whilst Captain Hall tells us that he has " been ali hia life at sea, or knocking about," &c. (vol. iii. p. 431.) One whose existence has thus been spent, either on board a man-of-war, or in «« knocking," or being knocked " about," cannot have spent much time, w« would fain hope, with the softer sex. Of course he has had his frolicks like other young men, but they have been at Sheer- ness or Spithead, and as these places live on the seafaring classes, it is probably no difficult matter for a brisk young fel- low to get introduced, and to find, even in reputable familiea, young people well inclined to a fine game at romps. In Ree's Cyclopaedia, under the head Portland, we find an account of Vv'hat is called, in that part of England, *< Portland custom," which must afibrd rare sport to the young middies; and it accounts, by the way, for a similar practice said to prevail in some parts of the backwoods of America, having, doubtless, been carried thither by some emigrants from this very qaarter. To one dwelling on such free and. easy reminiscences, it is quite natural that there ahould appear, in the United States, «* tho most respectful and icy propriety upon all occasions, when young people qf different sexes were brought togetkert (vol. iii. p. 150. ) It seems that this Flirtation i» ** a MMitlou« and exclusive attention paid to one person abovft all otb«M>^ It is not "attachment," but it " borders closely upon it:'*'«;it is an incipient interest sometimes felt by one, Sbinetimes shared by both." It " may be fanned into a flame, or be allowed to ex- pire," &c. The Captain cautions us, that " the j^actice qf ex- pressing ifxah emotions, and many others od similar charac- ter should be habitual, and not contingent." Truly, at the present day, in England, even in the seaports, one of these in- sinuating Billy Taylors, thus in the habit of " discovering his mind," would be very apt to find himself laid by the heels, be- fore a court and jury. It is hold that a promise of marriage may be inferred from eireumstances, and it would stand- the cul- prit in little stf^dy ^ suspect, to declare it was only a way he had. To bc;8eriwed to ex-' dice qfex- ilar charao- ruly, at the of these in- iovering his le heels, be- uriage may nd- the cul- ly a way he a an oppor* yet a ktUe >l> 4'-: 71 reflection might have taught him that it is the peculiar office of good breeding to diacounteiiance this sort of " sedulous and exclusive" attention — this hanging about a young lady, and en- grossing her attention, instead of suffering her to feel that each member of the company has an equal claim on the contribution which she can offer to society. This pairing off in corners — these half courtships — render the country-gathering so import- ant an event to sly daughters, and match-making mothers; but we suspect that such an exhibition would bo deemed quite as vulgar in London as in New York. By way of illustration, we may suggest, that had he witnessed any such scene, ho ^ould probably have deemed it intrusive and unkind, to solicit an in- troduction to the young lady — perhaps the most interesting per- Mn in the room, — thinking that, according to the sailor phrase, "three tpoils company." The ingenuity of the Captain in framing an hypothesis is re- markably manifested at Stockbridge. He attended a cattle- show at that place, but the day was a most unfavourable one, *' all was discomfort, and it made otie feci cold and damp even io took from the toindow nt ihe drenched multitude." He adds, *'it was truly melancholy to see the poor people's beat elotheSf and other finery destroyed^ and all their amusements marred. The gay flags ^ instead of waiving over the heads of the lads and lasses of the neighbourhood, hung dripping down to the very mud," &c. "Shortly after the ploughing match was ended, ths day cleared up, and I expected to see some of that merriment set a going which I had been taught to consider as the appropriate, and almost necessary accompaniment to such a meeting. In particnlar, I hoped to see the women tripping out," &e. So far from this being the case, "the women trudged hpme." •' A(te)^ a hasty dinner, to whic*^ they sat down at one o'doek> they preeeeded to the church to hear an oration, and he desorHMtf immitely* the process employed to secure him a ** ipod bH^ It was obvious, from a hundred things, that they wished Id tiM^ strangers with all distinction." The females had previeuriy-been provided with places in the Charch. From these simple facts. Captain Hall draws two inferences: — 1st That there is a sombi gloomy temper in the country; an indis- position to merriment;- the people won't laugh; " they appear wofully ignorant of the difBcult art of being gracefully idle." 8nd. That the women are sedulously set apart from the men on all publi'" occasions. *' At Stockbridge, it is true, a considera- rable number of women were present at the oration, but they were carefully placed on one side of the Church." Now we humbly conceive that the facts ' stated by Captain Hdl furnish us with the true exp}aQation,«f Jbsith the circum- stanoes which appeared so inexplicdile; and be knows the fun- damental rule of philosophy j that no more ewHWB are to be sought ..-*. I'^it rnHif in. ■■ wii-iTiiliit.>t»i itii'i 'ilM-wnTfiTtlfTfif 99 for than will sufficiently explain the phenomena. With renrd to the first, it striiies us, that as the poor women had hau all their finery " destroyed" and themselves draggle-tailed in the mud, while Captain Hall was gazing from the window, it was quite a :iuflicient reason wliy they should make their way home in order to dry themselves, particularly as they had to take their places, at one o'clock, to hoar the oration. 2nd. As to the arrangement at the church, there seems to be an equally ob- vious explanation. If precautions were neceiSs^Ary to secure places for strangers, it is quite natural that some arrangement should be made to provide for the convenience of the ladies. Indeed Captain Hall tells us, *' It is a rule we saw univtraal- lb8ervation. timet iati- eepins their %»,auMnt8 J to consult thi8e£Groa- I. a which the ds. At the len sudden^ IL p. 10dJ 73 he ** ran eagerly to the spot," (ib. ) but found no women there, and he makes up his mind that, with us, females do not, as mothtrs, wives, and sisters, enjoy, in the depths of domestic miraiiy, that salutary influence which thev posseM *' in more lortniMtely arranged communities," and which, thank Ood, wo know to bo no where more happily exercised than in the United States. Had there been in the booth, dancing to the fiddle, a flingle female, even of loone character, the whole aspect of the book might have been changed! As it is, wo may, perhaps, in vain remind him, as a kind of set off against the adventure of the fiddle, that there is no incident in the cnrly life of Wash- ington more familiar to our youth, or deemed more character- istic, than his prompt abandonment of the Navy, at the instance of a widowed mother. The Captain says, « in England, no fair, no place of public amusement, no election, no Court qf justice, no place, in short, public or private, is ever thought eotnplete without a cer- tain and most influential proportion ot female interest being mijfed with its duties or its pleasures. " Whe^ he asserts, dis- paragingly, that there is nothing of this in ti\e United States, we must ask him for an explanation. Let us take, for exam- ple, the legislative bodies oi the two countries. These ore the places to which females, one would suppose, mi^ht resort with the least fear of being aftnoved, or of embarrassiisig by their pre- seoee the more sensitive of the other sex. Now, how does this matter stand in Great Britain? The annual session of Parlia- ment, in London, is there the only scene of this description, and it happens that from both Houses ladies are excluded. We most exphin. There is a prohibition never, we beliere, de< Sarted Stsm, againut their appearance in the gallery, or on the bor of die House of Commons; bu^ by a special wrder from the Speaker, thev may be admitted to a sort of loft above the House, whenee they caze down through & grating kept open for the parpose df veotiUtton. the s«ope of vision being about suf- ficient to enable them to catch a glimpse of the Speaker's wig. In order to enjoy this luxury, etch Mdy has to throat her head into one of the apertures of a kind of sentry-box which encom» passes the v«iBtilator, and to one below they must look like so mi^y roetei in a pillory. All this time they breathe an air pro- ceeding from the heated lungs in Ute small, close, and crowd- ed room beneath. So jealous is the ^separation of the sexes," that the officer, thoogh sufficiently courteous, is in the fid- Sts iriten a gentleman manifests the least reluctance to quit the r objeei ofhis eharge. In the other House the arrangement is still more ehnrlish. Formerly, ladies were admitted on the e»9cii|l introduction of a Peer; but since ^debate on the Ca- ttiidie qoMtioD, there has been a new rule fiitkitklio^ even this; iud the only mode now for them to obtnm MesMy m by an «<• 10 .- ■litoii-'- ii'i";:"^. '■*--'^--^-^"-"^''^ mmrnm \M 74 rsngcinont with the officer who hu charfce of b small spot nC4t the door, shrouded by a red curtain. The lady creeps, stealth* ily, under cover, lest her good>natured introducer should be subjected to the rebuke of the Chancellor. CapUin Hall knows, perfectly well, that, in both Houses of Congress, ample provi* sion is made for the accommodation of ladies who consUntly at- tend, without any ridiculous, and somewhat deron^iry, effort at concealment. The same is the case in all the State Legia- latures. As to the Courts of justice, he surely does not mean to as- sert that it is customary, in London, for ladies to attend them. Such is not the fact, and few who take up the newspaper ac- counts of jury trials will wish, that their wires, daughters, or sisters, had been present to join in the " laiigh" with which the report is usually interlarded, or to have been desired to with- draw on account of apprehended iadelicaey. It certainly is not fashionable for ladies in America to be present on suoh occa- sions, unless the nature of the case be well known; but in the Supreme Court of the United Sutas, sitting as a Court of Er- ror, he most have daily seen the gay throng in attendance, and the caraful provision n^ade for their accommodation. If by ' • certain and moat influential portion of female ihtereat** being « mixed" with the *< duties" of a court of justice, he refer to that kind of influence which brought about the dismissal of Lord Chancellor Clarendon^ it is very cert&irj we know nothing of it Any other meaning he may have, \» d have not sucreod- ed in catching. As to EkctUmaf we plead guiHy, to being of the number of those who rejoice that they abstain from any aetivt interferenoe. Surely CapUin Hall, aftef deprecating the prevalence of pdKti- cal discussions amen ;'tt us, csnnot be serious in regretting that the better half of oui; population should keep aloof bom Cbe ir- riuting contest One would think he ought rather to rejoice that the fire-side is saered, and that it afbtila aonething to re- lieve and soften the bittemeea of party spirit We were cer- tainly not mueh edified, during the last session of Parliament, at Petitions from females breathing a language not unlike Uiat with which, in former days, they urged the speedy execution of the King's Minister.* One thing i» very clears the ladies ♦In the rth v«da»e of the Harkiut MiioeilMnr, p. €05, (IBd. of 1811)«riU be fimnd " The Petitkm of the Qentlewomcn audi l^idesinen't Wiv^in and abpHt the Citv of London," dcUTfred to the Bouae oFCommoo^ 4th Febnim^l641. They&dare tlwt nothing tun go rigfat'whiltl that arch enemy or our Fmn and iRefimution lieth in the Tower» y« iwtroceiving hk deserved poniAiwEnt" «• The iraakncict of Uw PapisU and their abettori^ nmeth a just Rw and mm- nicion of loving (edition, and breaking out into blonfy pcHMutton m this King- S5ithe thooghti of wWchaul and baAalwi* eventi wdii^wir tender hearts to nwkwHhinitt.'* • Our preaert («m •« that nnksw ti» WoodHthin^ fcction oftlMPapirta and Pietatea be hindered in their deogni,"k«. It often atmek m T iSaA^rifeithiB'iMf WfcatftMiJu'jWf^^'- -lil-..^..-^, 7/1 II spot ne4r ipa, iteAlUh- •hould be lall knows, npio proYi- instantly »t- i\oTy, effort Ute Legis- netn to at« Ltend them, vspaper se^ tughtera, or h which the red to with- talnlv Is not such ocea- ; but in the )ourt of Er* ndance, and . Ifby '« treat'* being he refer to iiareiasal of low nothing not suoread» B number of nterferenoe. oe of poHti- {retting that firon the ir- srto rejoioe ithtnKto re> ft were cer- Parliamenty unlike that \y executioa ti theladiet )n811)ivill be ,)«.inaiidabiMit FeMuuT 1641. f our Iwh am) I punisiuiwnt** •tftisrand mm- ion in thisKiqc^ tender hcwtt to It often itnick f > iQUit either agree with their male relatives on political subjeote, ur differ from iiiom; if the farmer be tlio caa«, tlivir ■ctivu ex- ertions at the polU may well be spared, and if the latter, no one, wo proBumo, will deem such exertions a public good. They have functions more endearing and appropriate, even out of tne domestic circle. Captain Hall pays a tribute to the untiring and effective leal of the American ladies, in reference to all Uie inititutioni sacred to Charity; and this must atone, as far u it may, fur th^ir absence from Elections. Wo are inclined to lead Captain Hall to the condemnation of his querilous temper, as to the complacency with which th6 Americans spoke of their institutions, and their public works: we might, perhaps, ask him to account for the parental weakness which lias devoted so large a portion of these volumes to a lit- tle personage, who, however dear to himself, cannot be deemed very interesting to the reader. What right has he to eke out e two-guioee boiak, oo America, by giving us not only the most frivolous details about his own person — his eating and drinking, and sleepinsand « snoozing," and shaving — but by an abstract of the Mmuy debate, as to whether he should take hin infant child with him across the Atlantic, and by introducing long passages, of which the following are specimens: — *' Aj I was desirous that my child should have it to say, in future years, that she had seen this remarkable star, I was tempted to carry her out to the verandah on purpose to show it to lier. It was so low down, howeyer, that for some time I could not fix her attention on the spot At last she caught a glimpse of it, flash- ing away between the tops of the trees, eod turning to me, ex- claimed, ' Moon! Moonr" Again, " The child, who had ac- companied us all the morning, though unconscious of the cause,, likewise felt the genial influence of the hour, and amused her- self St our feet, while we were seated on the grass, by trying t» imitate the eound* made by a pig which had thrust him- self mott unpoetieally into the foreground of the picture, snd there busied himself, much to the ir^fant'a amusement, in making a line of circumvallation round the party, toith hie tnout!'* " Our oonfideace in the measure alluded to, was much inereased by discovering how good a tsaveller the little creature made, though only fourteen months .d. Of this we had an amu- aing proof, 00 /Ae morning t^fter the acene with the pig. At four o'olock we were all roused up to prepare for the steam-boat which panwd at five. I thought it a pity to awake her, and therefore mereiv wrapped her up in my boat-cloak, in which she was cerriedyWfy half a mile to the lauding place. There the • iM wiOk surprise on witncsanf petitions from fennska during the bit wnioiw tad a talk wont " kekiiw into precedent!,'' that no aUuHoq fboiild be inada to a Doounient M apposite tt its teriw, and BO GlMncteriMk of tiie ttaMS in wi^ Hmspieteiiied. '' ? i' \ M '•-.yjjyy.**^' •npir IB ymtnir ai/iifn tut'fr wu lild nn thf tabU q/'tt ivarthoutt, in the 'itiidflt of IkIU ringing, doori banging, and alt kifuh «/mMtc» tilt tho •te«m-bo»t herr V v„Kt AViV/ «Ae «/«?p/ oTernment, that th^ Tariff BUI never would have passed but for the preaaure of that British Com Lawa on tho great staples of Pennsylvania? (Seft Parliamentary Documents.) He ia totall^jr silent on theae points, and yet has leiaare to tell ua, that hii ehild mistook a atar for the moon, and that he himaelf was guilty of a very dif- ferent blunder at Niagara, for, whilat evideotlf only noon- struck, hiB fancied himaelf, "traveraing the Heeven», in com- pany witii Sir Isaac Newton, and that the sage 4ras jurt goin§ to tell me tlwut the distance of the figtd ataraP* (vol. i p. 353.> TheM Btan^ perhapa, are more in fault than he; otherwiae, we might eoffiij^n of a hundred other omianona: amongst the rest, his total suence as to most important public works. 11 m»t, in the Hfmusie, ri, through •nd never ty town of ito the r*ct, it, "at thtt sr (Miourity the United niiiK etftry iy (Iropptd Having, I, that tbo r hunger.*' tho end of ) n«w milk, oked upon [ did at that ; would n- in Hall had 'hua he tra- uked, with nfluenee of nanoeieem' meMure be it aflbcted lafe domes- Jo they get nd as cheap t consumed Uve advan- t]ieoppL«»- confirip tho It, that tho laure of tho rania? (See t on theie I miatook a r a Tery dif- B »Jy noon- n% kit eom- ijuitgoing 1. i p.363.> lermaei we pt the rest, If we were to Uke Cartem Iloli to taak, in a >iarah temper, for having thua fiilod up hia book with mattcra which can only intervat hiniself, h« wouitid audi a rea- dy disposition nianifested to give information— to say nothing of tlio obtiffing notice taken Ay alt parties of our voung tra- veller, now a vesr and a half old — that we left Albany with ainoere regret*' Now Albany is the plaee most vehemently denounced for self-puffina, and this "tormenting" practice, proceeded so far, «h.tt "there was hardly room lift for us to dip ia a word edgeways." Suppose these good |)<»oplo, tho moireot Captain Hall turned his back, hod begun tu reoolleot the ** rulea of behaviour," which he declares aro not yet " set- tled " in Amerioa, and ivhioh seem, by mutual consent, to have slumberad during this free and unauspieious intercourse. All the world over, be aaya, it is ill-mana( prt'sumc, that when a atrangcr cornea into a country to examine what is peculiar u> il — and aaka, an expla* nation of the circumatancea in which it diflera from what he iinda claewhere— an rflfort will \va made to nM forth the r^aitonfl to the best odvttiiljige. We conaidcr every thing (o be for the beat; otherwise we would make u change. The very statement of these supposed ttdvantagcs necessarily involves a high degroo of praise, and, of courac, expoaea the informant to the sneera of a peraon like (Captain llall, who aays, "very often, when iifkin)^ for information, I have detected that my wish waa rather to prove my tmrinai and prejudiced conoeptiona ri|^ht, than to discover thai I had previously done the peoplt^ injuatice." It is curious to note how Coptain Hall manages thia matter on hia own part At the close of his work, he introduces a dta^ logiic between himself, and an American, in which, to be aura, ho draws such a picture of the English Government, that we only wonder hia vanquished antagonist did not at once deter- mine to quit the poor Kepublic, and, according to the forme of knight-errantry throw himself at the feet of the victor's dulci- nca. If it be in the power of rxnggeration to do more, wc think the materials can be drawn only Xtom Captain HaH'a apparently inexhaustible atores. The poor American in this '*eharaoter- iatic" colloquy does not venture to say a word in favour of his own country, but confines himself to a foeblc assault which is readily pnrricd with the aid of a stern countenance, and a loud, authoritative, voice. We may remark, by the way, that th\^ anonymous American the Captain took into hia service at a ve- ry early period, and carried all over the country vrilh him, and the poor devil never once gets the better in any of their various discussions. He seems, in truth, to have been a sim- ple, easy, soul, with no great stock of brains, and marvellously in owe of the Captoin, oftentimes appearing quite afraid to speak up, or even to say his soul's his own. In this closing exhibi- tion, he plays the part of a good-natured spectator at a show- naming the cards, and if he say one of them's black — lo --prea- to — the Captain breathes on it — its a white ace! At parting ho gets a good character for honesty and civility, and may be safe- ly recommended to any future tourist of Captain Hall's tempe- rament, particularly if travelling with children. It seems, farther, from the Captain's account, that the Al- bany people made much of their Canal; telling him, doubt- less,— 4n reply to bis inquirief,— what it had cost, what dift« pfl not •* tor- vall M th«y If. ■%r. Where y meant by mi their c«- imcii into • H, an cxpl«< im what h« the r«aM)na a bfl for the y Rtatemcnt high (iexrco 3 the aneera iftcn, when 'i waa rather right, than injuatice." I matter on uoca a Ui«> , to be aura, nt, that we once dctcr- he forme of jtor's dulei- ■e, wc think I apparently "eharaoter- ivour of hia It which ia and a loud, [y, that th\^ Mcc at a ve- ' with him, iny of their been a aim- larvellously aid to speak ling (>xhibi« it a ahow — — lo — prea- t parting ho nay be safe" all's tempe- hat the AI< urn, doubt> what dift« » 7f vuhiea they ha*! to atnixf(1n with, what rercntip it yieldr«l to the Htato, and paying a dca«rvi«l tribute to the itluatrtoua citizau whoM fane ia identified with ita aiicceaa. Hut the f'anadiaijii, do nut buuat of Iheir Cnnala. For thla WQ have already rurniahf^d, it ia pre«umi'd, a aulicicnt rnaimn. Thtir cufl waa, in the language or Captain HpU a Inah friend, CornelluN, rather to " undtiratato" mnttpra. Tha« they put on n begging nir, and aaked, that a good word miKhl bo apaken for ihem at home, may bo inferred from varioua^K<.'4ug(*«. Thun (vol. i. p. !:35,) "The Hideau (>anal. r;iM.if/, «• wu rt>gaid our national honour, on no account bo abandoned, cr.t/ what it incy," And again, "Our prcacnt duty ia n.ojt clear, and though ita «>xecution be jomewhat cmtljjf, ita imperative cha- racter ia not alterud on that account." Speaking of "a pro* jncted fortreaa at the Short llilla," hu aaya, (vol. i. p. iiO,) ** I conceive that thia furtiflcntion, and oaci or two dtliorH, ought to be erected forthwith, to ahow the Canadiana a« well as their ntighboura, that wo are irt earneat, &c." Ho holda it out in terrorem to the Canadiana, that *' were they to bt>come mom- . bera of the American Confederacy," then, "every improvo- mnnt made, would be at the expenao of direct taxation, from which they are now exempt" That Captain Hall should dcom tiiia a very powerful argument is natural from what ho saw of their indiAuoaition to put their own abouldora to thn wheel. ** We left Quebec at half paat nine in the morning of the ilSth August, and after an hour and a half's drive, came to the river Montmorency, over which there had boen n Vjridgo that, about ais weeka h^ore, had tumbled down, am" which ! with their nfiit»!" i 1 for boy's, vn counti^ kily, to hit to such an Heches, the re suppose the other, ! Gratitude D, we 8US> !D who ac- tance. The and sarcas- r bent, and >n interssf Strange taste of all [ which he iated v^ith have been • i very acceptable to him. The following is an extract : — "These Colonists arc aow, my Lords, called rebels; they are stigma- tized with every base and abusive epithet in the English lan- guage. Vet, my Lords, / remember when this country was waging war with the united powers of Franco and Spain; when there was a rebellion, a Scotch rebellion, within this land; / remember when our fleets were useless — our armies unsuccess- ful — that these men, now described as the blackest and basest of all rebels, nay more, that very Colony which has been re- presented as the hot-bed of sedition and treason — that colony against which the keenest lightnings of government are de- nounced and directed; I rem*. r, I say, my Lords, this very Colony, sending forth four reg..nents of undisciplined militia, vf\i\ii\i gave the first check to France in her proud career, and erected the standard of conquest on the walls of Louis- bourgh. But, my Lords, we need not point out particular facts in proof of the bravery, the zeal, the duty and affection of the people; the annals of the last war (that which ended in 1763,) will tell such of your Lordships as are not old enough to remember, how they fought, and how they bled; they ^yiU tell you how generously they contributed, how like loving brothers they shared the common burden and the common dan- ger. Your system, my Bords, has been erected on the ruins of the Constitution, and founded in conquest, and you have swept all Germany of its refuse as its means. There is not a petty, insignificant, prince, whom you have not solicited for aid." (Gentleman's Magazine for 1777, p. 251-2.) Our tourist cannot seriously think that an American school- master is bound to prohibit the use of Lord Chatham's speeches. True, Captain Hall has a peculiar theory of his own on the sub- ject of public speaking, and insists on a sort of quiet, snug, col- loquial manner, little suited to the vehement and masculine spirit of the great orator, or indeed of Fox, Burke, or Canning. He cannot abide, he says, that "loud oratorical tone which is the bane of good debating." With regard to Col. Barre, if Junius did not disdain to borrow a sarcasm from him, surely tee may be permitted to refer to one who was the most strenu- ous asserter of the great constitutional principle on which the revolution was fought, and with regard to which both coun- tries now entertain the same opinion. That our admiration of Lord Chatham's oratory is not altogether connected with his conduct in rderence to the revolutionary struggle may be in- ferred from the circumstance that the speech on the difficulties with Spain is equally well known, and as great a favourite in our schools. We remember to have recited it with due em- phasis and discretion, from "Select Speeches, Forensic and Parliamentary," which is the standard American collect ,)n, and in the following passage we find that our memory corres- ponds exactly with the report in the Gentleman's Magazine, for the year 1770, (p. 571 , ) 'J ; ? 11 -| I '1tn-mx faiirt )ii be, there, accounted a goud ioke to gouge, to scalp, to bite off the nose, and to take human life. oculoe cXDCklpere, pollice frontem Scalpere, raium cfmnem monfacua abripere Atque nccare honunem jocus est iepiduMmua. To lie, Is the great boast of an Aiaerican merchant. •• Mcntiri est mercatons laus surrnui." Of the Chief Justice of the United States, it is said, •< OptiinuB et Judex maxiouu est ntbuh." and of the various meanings of th« word, whether " rascal," "scoundrel," "hector," " cowerdly buily," &c., the reader is prompted to select the most odious. Did Captain Hall hear any thing of this sort in the United States? It is not designed, bo it observed, to cherish a geuerous reeollectii^n of national prowess, but consists of mere cold*blood«d defamation. The name personage has filled the office alluded to for more than a &5 (|uartcr of a century, and Captain Hall ipeatts of ' ' thn pre-emi- nent talents and high character of the present venerable Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States." May not the learned authorities of this Institutign reflect, with pain, how far they have contributed, to foster that "unkindly feeling," and that, ** animosity," whi> dcr of one whom he would not have disdained as an ussociato in the Sacred Ministry of Justice? Captain Hall is at a loss to understand what motives he can possibly have forgiving an unfavourable account of the United States. Without imputing to him either the guilt, or the stea- diness of purpose, implied in a settled determination to misre- present, we can readily imagine a variety of considerations which have, perhaps insensibly to himself, given a tone to his book. We are willing to believe that he reached the threshold of publication irresolute. A confused mass of materials lay be- fore him; a great deal prepared, while he saw every thing- ** through a bilious .nedium," »«•- .^ion must be made; and it was essential to the dignity of the work to give to the whole, some prevailing character, 30 that even grave Statesmen might not disdain to draw from it important political reflections. This is the trying crisis when anxious thought throng upon a weak, and a vain, man, looking ever his dis^.ordant notes and calculat' 2 the chances of success; and it is to this period that our remarks apply. A manufacturer of bocks, like the manufacturer of any other article, must utudy the taste, and even the caprice, of the mar- ket Those " china plates," as Captain Hall calls them, which he saw bearing the image of General Washington, came from Enpland; and nothing, certainly, can exceed the good nature; with"'; ' theamiablepeopleatthe Potteries have waived their prej' ic V. and ministered to our self-complacency, particular- ly ir ?t5\" nee to the naval combats. Now, as to the American mark': . Captain Hall ascertained that in order to take out a copy- right, he miist bo a resident of the United States, and this not exactly suiting his views, he declares, that he writes exclusive- ly for his own countrymen. What then did he believe would be the most acceptable strain? He has characterized the pre- valent temper towards America, bj*^ the eprthets " ill-will." '''animosity," «* unkindly feelings." It wasj therefore, not likely thdit a book got up in a temper utterly rebuking these sentiments would be a very pppular, or a very saleable, one. 4 iMu> **'9% as i I Captain Hall had the benefit of his own experience to guide him. He k-ie^v how much more gratifying it was to find " his origi- nal tiid prejudiced conceptions right, than to discover that in« justice had previously been done to the people. " (vol. i. p. 167.) Preconceived opmions ate not, as ho justly remarks, to bo " got rid of without a certain degree of inconsistency gene- rally jpai/^M/, and sometimes ridiculous.^' (ib.) If he expe- rienced *hi.s feeling amids'. the kindness and hospitality of tlio country, he might well anticipate its existence on the part of those who, with like prejudices, have no such reason for thinking their indulgence ungracious or unkind. It is undoubted, that the judgment is piqued by perpetual contradiction and eiTorts to set us right, and, besides, more labour is involved in the pro- m^.i than one chooses to expend on volumes classed with the lighter literature of the day. It. is another advantage, and some- times an important otie,of a tone of assentation, that we re- quire nothing to corroborate what falls quietly in with our own previous belief, whilst he who opposes it becomes at once the adversary's witness, and half our thoughtu are em- ployed in preparing a cross-examination, and considering how his testimony may be assailed. In the next place, it is evident that Captain Hall, if not him- self a partisan, has, at least, been habitually in association, and tlie warmest sympathy, with the party described in the follow- ing passage of the Edi .burgh Review, (Vol. xxxiii. page 3SS.) "It is a iact which can require no proof even in America, that there is a party in this country not friendly to political liberty, and decidedly hostile to all extension of popular rights, which, if it does not grudge to its own people the powers and privi- leges which are bestowed on them by the Constitution, is, at least, for confining their exercise within the narrowest limits-— which thinks the peace and well being of society in no danger from any thing but popular encroachments, and holds the only- safe or desirable government to be that of a pretty, pure, and unencumbered monarchy, supported by a vast revenue and a powerful army, and obeyed by a people just enlightened enough to be orderly and industrious, but no way curious as to ques- tions of right, and never presuming to judge of the conduct of their superiors. Now, it is quite true that this party dislikes America, and i.s apt enough to decry and insult her. Its adhe- rents never have forgiven the success of her War of Indepen- dence — the loss of tt nominal sovereignty, or perhaps of a real power of vexing and oppressing her supposed rivalry in trade, and, above all, the happiness and tranquillity which she enjoys under a republican form of government Such a spectacle of democratical prosperity is unspeakably mortifying to their prin- ciples, and is easily imagined to be dangerous to their security. Their first wish, and for a time their darling hope, was that the infant States would quarrel among themselves, and be thankful 'ifiiiMliHrii'' til l^tm \ HI guide him. " J)!S origi- rer that in- (vol. i. p, rcmarkfl, to ency gene- i he cxpc- ility of the the part of or thinking ubted, that id cflTortfl to n the pro- d with the !, and somc- tliat we re- \ with our becomes at itfl are em- lering how if not him- uation, and the follow- pagc 333.) acrica, that cal liberty, lits, which; I and privi- ition, is, at ist limits-— 1 no danger is the only , pure, and enue and a ned enough 18 to ques- conduct of ■ty dislikes Its adhe- f Indepen- )s of a real ■y in trade, she enjoys pectacle of their prin- ir security, 'as that the >e thwiikful 4 <" to be again received under our protection at a refuge from mili- tary despotism. Since that hti| ' vva« lost, it would hare satis- fied them to find that their rcpu'iliuan institutions had made them poor, and turbulent, and depraved, incapable of civil wis- dom, regardless of national honour, and as intractable to their own elected rulers as they had been to their hereditary sove- reign. To those who were capable of such wishes, and such expectations, it is easy to conceive that the happiness and good order of the United States — the wisdom and authority of their f^overnment — and the unparalIel«J rapidity of their progress in wealth, population, and refinement, must have been but an ungrateful spectacle; and most espcsially, that the splendid and steady success of the freest and most popular form of govern- ment that ever was established in the world, must have struck the most lively alarm into the hearts of all those who were anx- ious tc have it believed that the people could never interfere in politics, but to their ruin, and that the smallest addition to the democratical influence recognistcd in the theory, at least, of the British Constitution must lead to the immediate destruction of peace and prosperity, morality and religion. That there are journals in this country, and journals, too, of great and deserved reputation in other respects, which have spoken the languge of the party we have now described, and that in a tone of singu- lar intemperance and offen«!e, we most readily admit," &c. It is curious to note how soon after the Revolution this tem- per was displayed. Dr. Franklin, in the year 173(», writing from America toM. Le Veillard, uses the followiuw iangi.sge, (Mevvioirs, &c., Lon- don, 1818, 2 vol. p. 90.) "Be assured that all the stories spread in the English papers of our distresses and confusions, and discontents with our new government, are as chimerical as the history of my being in chains at Algiers. They exist only in the wishes of cur enemies." "All this is in answer to that part of your letter, in which you seem to have been too much impressed with some of the ideas which those lying Englih pa- pers endeavour to inculcate concerning us." And again, in a letter to David Hartley, Esq., he says, (vol. ii. p. 136. ) " Your newspapers are filled with accounts of dis- tresses and miseries, that these States are plunged into, since their separation from Britain. You may believe me when I tell you, that triere is no truth in these accounts." In a letter, dated London, 22nd April, 1786, Mr. Jefferson says, (See Memoir, Correspondence, &a,, London, 1829, 2 vol. p. 2.) "I dined the other day in a company of the ministew- al party. A General Clark, a Scotchman and a ministerialist, sat next to me. He introduced thi sufy'ect of A-nerican affairs, and, in the course of the conversation, told me that were Ame- rica to petition Parliament to be again received on their for- mer footing, the petition would be very genera'ly regected." I 80 The MDio diipoaition is manifested, at the present day, by Ihfie who think it important to decry the influencu of popuiat sintimont in every country, and under every form of govern- ment The continued tranquillity and happincM of Amoricn they regard aa an atTront to their sagacity, and as having, for fifty years, kept them out of a good argument Fortunately, a now topic haa of late years started up to vary the themes cur- rent in Dr. Franklin's day. The difficulty experienced by the people of Mexico, &c., in suddenly turning to the best advan- tage their escape from Despotism — the awkwardness of their first attempts at self-government without the least previous train- ing or preparation — ere turned to an excellent account The omission, also, to pay dividends, hss given a shock to the cre- dit of Republicanism on Change, and the panic spreading thence amongsfc the holders of the public securities, people start at the very word Rqform, as if it must lead to something shifty and insecure, besides involving an unworthy imitation of a parcel of Ropublios, who, if caught in England, would be every one of them in the King's Bench before night It is » matter of course, that we are destined to the same evils; the whole being treated as one great partnership concern for the propagation of republicanism, and we, as senior mem- bers of the Firm, liable for the errors of the others, and, per- haps, in honour, if the matter was duly considered, for their debts. The Quarterly review assures itn readers that it is ♦' ojily by maintaining pence that they (the United States) have any chance of preventing their country from cxhibiti;^g the same scenes of misery, as are now displaying themselves iu the sis- ier democracies of Mexioo, Peru, Columbia, and La Plata, (No. for November 1829.) The Review has, irdeed, ventured on a very bold experiment To the Article oa Cajrtain HaH's Travels, is appended a Letter purporting to come from the United Suies, of which the object it to prov* the folly of at- tempting to remedy the grossest ; buses in Government or the Laws. The writer is made, mysteriously, to say, ^^ nature will sometimes effect changes, but art ewwot," and he "ho- nours" the Spaniard who '« boasts" of the tranquilHziag effects of the Inquisition. The whole, iA short, is not merely » rebuke of those who acWeved the Amerteen Revolution, but of all who were active in l«8g, w even in bringing abcwit the late meietire of relief to the Catholies. It is introduced as oonfirmatoi^ of a hf^te that Captain Hall's book may do good in America. Now, unfortunately for any such connexion^ the whole object of his pvofound work is to prova that America never can be happy without a complete change in her form of government Even dram-drinkiog, Captain Hall declares, must go on increasing, so long as we continue to be republicans. ♦* The habit, accord^ ing to my view ef the matter, is interwoven in the very struc- twa o£ that paUticai jociety whicfe tht AawricwMi W^ only de. mt day, by of popuUi of govern - i( AmericA having, for ortunately, themes cur* need by tho best aJ van* !8S of their ivioui train- ount Tho to the ero- ding thenco start at the t shifty and r a parcel of 'ery one of the same lip concern Bnior mem- I, and, per- 1, for their it is ♦' only r) have any g the same 1 iu the aiS' La Plata, d, ventured >tain HaH's 3 from the foUy of at- »ent or the ', **uaiurc Hlhe <rth all thn Ttll Har. The assault iows of 80- sclves that 'SnglishtvO' ppeared: a jrciny Bcn- referrcd to I volume of ring all the L blind and looked for. ie hands of articles on iptain Hall. Iven to any fted States, palate, and ilipeeches. at eighteen er to which cannot find nesfl which ve feared it M would be unequal " What a mortifying f^ctption thiii, com- par>%( gniuTnlIy understood or reU-ihrd hy the bulk qfthepeopf', but to rthe (>eriod at which one heard less of tiiem in iuiia!at;d than at present" One reflootiun is unavnidabTo If Captain Hall's denuncia* tloits are deemed of such vitid importance, it follows that a cor- responding degree of mischief must have resulted from his ■peaking in favourablr* terms of thu (>opular institutions of the United StatoR. An ubiect so important juNtificd, perhaps, a language of caution to him, which seems, on its face, strangely illiberid. No one who reads the Article can well doubt its hav- ing been drawn up by a person converBant with the documentf at Whitohnll. It has, by some, been attributed to Mr. Cro- ker, the Secretary of the Admir tlty, and by others, to the Un- der Secretary. Captain Hall, however, knows better than we oan pretend to inform him, who was his significant prompter. But we are good naturedly disposrti, instead of drawing harsh inferences of our own, to give the tourikt an opportunity of speak* ing for himself. It is proposed, therefore, to follow his move- ments until >-.'e have reached a pretty decisive manifestation of his actual r< nlings towards the Republic. He tells us, that his first impressions of that country were formed " two or three and twenty years ago," whilst a midship- roan of the " Leander, flag-ship of the Halifax station. " They were not of a favourable kind. I confess I was not very well disposed to the Americans, a feeling shared with ali my companiona an board, and probably, ilso, with most qf my auperiora.^* In order to understand how a midshipman on the Halifax station could pretend *-> form an opinion of the charac* ter of the people of the United States, it is nocessiiry to gather from, other quarters a history of the conduct of the British crui- ■era along our ooast In the London *• New Monthly Ma|;a- zine" for Aug; t 1899, a gen'oman who had been iu America many yeara ago, in the public service of firoat Britain, and who has recentl made another visit, thus describes their operations: *♦ You will" allow it admits of doubt, iivhether any coasting an'ilillili a r mmmmmiflfpmm- W^ 'l(iliMliitriinm» ■ •ktopert inugly in hia tiirth, and lii« achooncr at tnchor, bIiomIiI thinii it very ploaunt to be ordortid on deek, in linen, at th« dead h rnian Hall^ Id not ior- and would h'renoh, or nallroating •obably re- contempt, to inspire ndcr poor ced in tho ird sround inflnilely havo their latand roa- lH unfortu- med to be the British lis subject, a difficulty nettled by n\x% taken 'as made of President, itence that ;es by their ornment." city which of Tacituf^ d— IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) I.C I.I 1.25 '•■ i^ 1 22 ,"- «'° i2.0 1.4 6" 1.6 w^^ w Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 1-^580 (716) 872-4503 ^^ ^^ ^^ >> % CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductioiis historlques r 93 i^ H ** Proprium humani ingcnii est odieiic quam laeserb," wc con readily image that a sentiment of dislike might mingle with the unpleasant reminiscences of service on our CGatft. Yet Contempt must have sometimes struggled for the ascendancy when they recollected what would have been done if a Oiitish life had been lost by a shot from an American frigate into a Newcastle collier, within sight of^ondon. Then, again, of- fence was probably taken at our i>«king that the Ci.,.tain of the Leander should be tried, as he was, by a naval court-martial. He was acquitted, and we acquiesced. Next year our frigate Chesapeake was attacked by order of the Commander-in-chief of the Halifax station, which was then lying at anchor in Lynn- haven Bay. Many of her seamen were Killed and wounded. Wc now roused ourselves up in earnest, and issued a very warm Proclamation. An apology was at length made; but Admiral Berkeley, the offending Officer, so far from being punished, was appointed to the Liabon station, against the earnest rcmon- atrances of our Minister in London, M.. Pinckney. Then came the Orders in Council; but it was not until nine hundred and seventeen of our vessels, with their cargoes, had been en- gulfed in the British Prize Courts that our patience gave way. All this time, too, the practice of Impressment was going on from such American vessels a& were spared to us. Unquestionably, this sort of tamencss must have had the ef- fect very much to lower us in the estimation of a dashing young midshipman. Yet Captain Hall repreaents his temper ab having nothing implacable about it. He was willing to forget and for- give. Time and distance did a great deal. " As the duties," he says, "of a varied service in after years, threw ma far from the source at which these national antipathies had been imbibed; they appeared gradually to dissipate themselves in proportion as my acquaintance with other countries was extended, and I had learned to think better of mankind in general." He had writ- ten "books, and become a member of several learned societies, and thus a bland, philosophical spirit gradually soothed the as- perity of the young reefer. He became amongst his late thought- less "companions," a sort of Orator of the Human Race — a naval Anacharsis Cloots. He reasoned, unceasingly, with' them about their prejudices. " I came to view with regret the prevalence in others of those hostile sentiments I had myself relinquished. My next anxiety naturally was to persuade others," &c. If the savages of Loo Choo were so amiable, why might not there be some good points about the Americans? L^t them answer that itlain question. These Yankees, he would say, are made (in a oose way) after God's image, and may have souls like your- selves. The zeal with which he devoted himself to the propa- gation of ♦'lis new theory is amwring, when we consider that he was yet in ihe heyday of life, and was surrounded by all the temptations to frivolous amusements which beset the sailor 6n } . ^.i4rtiM -,iJi,{fk\U' i iwww i| W ' " 'i |TTm -i, 9i shore. At length theie serious thoughts so exorcised his mind, that he resolved on that groat step which hu'made him known to us — his celebrated mission to the West. It must be admitted, on all sides, that there was nothing nar- row in his views. He wished to carry out, as well as to oring back, healing in his wings. But there was a diffioulty. Hr represents the prejudice n^ this side of the Atlantic as strong and universal. It in n verf remfcrkablo ctrcumstsnce that iio does not prciend to have made a singb convert in the whole course of his labours. No one's wrath was turned away by his soft words, and even his old companions, of the Leander, seem to have given his eloquence to the winds. Yet it was necessa* ry to have some civil things to siy to the Americans, and the object in view being a lauditble one, he deemed it justifiable, for a great good, to stretch his conscience a iitth. He, ae^ cordingly, set himself to work, to frame a particular form of expression; and surely no Jesuit could have devised one better calculated to entrap, by seemingly magnificent promises, with' out in the least committing his own oountiymen. He deter* mined to represent to the Americans— "That the Engliah tcere-^iUing^io think- W^e/A-of them- li^they could-cn/y Me-^'i«s/'grounds for-« Change-ot sentir ment " ^ Now let it be asked, whether a British oflBcer was very cha- ry of his honour in holding out these promises? Who aatho- rixed Captain Hall to pive any pledge on the subject, mneh lead to the extent to which he proceeded? He left behind him in England, bitter, uncompromising, prejudice. He does not profess to have had Uie slightest authority, verbal or writteui ever, from the sea-faring classes with whose aentiments he might be presumed to 'le best aequainted. And what right had he to suppose that they would quietly resign so cherished a portion of their ideas as these national « antipathies?" CapUin Hall knows, as well as any body^ that these gentlemen are the very persons, who, lik^ Goldsmith's Croaker, are quite willing to listen to reason, q/ter they have made up their minds, for **then it can do nu harm." What! why, after a while they would have no- thing left to damn but their own souls. Mark the cunning of the language prepared for the United Statea. Fair asthepromiae is to the ear when rapidly uttered, it vanishes v.hen you do no. slur the If, and the coneluding wcrds. It binds nobody. Should the Amerieans eome into any arrangement with him as to an ar- mistice, and agree to lay down ihetr prejudices, he might laugh in their fiiees the next moment. The Treaty would be so much wMteps^rwithout the assent ofall the individuals of the Britudi Empire, including the vast body of naval officers, marines, sea- men, ordinary seamen, and boys, scattered aU over the worid the Lord knows where. Yet into this sort of one-«ided sompaot was Captaia Hall's language artfoily intended to lead; and a plain- ^ f ■ 'ii'iriasuk Sil his mindf him known Dothinc ntr- I as to tiring Soulty. Hr tio H strong Anee that Imi n the whole away by his lander, seem was necessa* Bins, and the t justifiable, k. lie, ae- lular form of id one better mises, with'< He deter>* e/A-of them- ig«-of sentit ras very cha- Who Butho* ibject, ranch ; behind him He does not 1 or written, inta he might ;ht had he to J a portion of 1 Hall knows, rery persons, ; to listen to Aeniteando lid have no* le cunning of ath&pronuM n yon da no. ody. Should a as to an ar< might laugh 1 be NO much of the British narines, sen* Aie worid the sompaotwas and a plaiiK i m-in i pi i i ii pfMu i i i m i tipp spoken seaman, who was mrt' take it for granted that he hui It is, now, our serious ' menti, languagn, and even forward to establish the perpetually, attempts to of eandour end fairness. In six weeks after landii^f himself in Canada. It is of the Quarteriy Review, that he **/ir»t visited the passed into Canada." TUi ed up the Hudson in k thence to Niagara, never State of New York, exe^ eight miles to a small, Massachusetts. Befors let us interronte iiia» m leeted for fornitng an begin, a . Bacon wmM neiNMsd the proeeedin||i # at a meeting of a Stale' represents as the sewMS drawn, and as having ' working and trntdenajr «f net seen a Slave. In oireumstanees whifih he threw a elood ova# Metir on quitting New Ye^ pie oarselvee firom tiie f been no leas del^^iled than with the iaeti tatto i i getio pecole," attd «Ht| which nniTersallj of that^glorioua these thowand jreoi^ tte a month «>ld— e litthi he misaed nothu^ iMrt; tendarieflf and the greit' a suitable iqapNMioa ma Ui» are th» daseriheds '■ff: <«A8thewindiMior ▼istas, new eakiva(St% «!# dneti, i^mo at eveif ings, mUl% cliwdNikei& one of eaehnUneat^^' "Onthe IMh of ▼ery centre of wUoii llurl we had oppoetitBtelir f==^^ would really ' Attorney. ly the move* nnally comcA 8, and who, aancverationa n Hall found Mui inaccuracy {»«9, p. 420,) .'iltnteay then all procRcd- nd travelled through the went thirty- rn part of into Canada, he had col- is. And to had iwt wit- been present ibsequcntly, principally the practical He had no of those !> gradually, other hand, "disentan- » He had met there, ese *'ener- iral style," lection, too, shall brave, as then but [the Hudson, the Peni- fail to make witnessed ht of fresh new aque- rcd dwell' ked really tiirou|^ the ig the drive, of its i ■y^ J -innniihaMMS— ewn 90 [ progress, from the dense, black, tang;lc(], native, forcet, up to the highest stages of cultivation, with wheat and barley waving over it; or from that melancholy, and very hopeless looking state of things, when the trees are laid prostrate upon the earth, one upon top of another, and a miwrable log-hut is ilH> only aymptom of man's residence, to such gay and thriving places OS Syracuse, with fine broad streets, large and commodious houses, gay shops, and stage coaches, wagons, and gigs, flying post, all in a bustle. In the centre of the village, we coulu see from our windows the canal thickly covered with freight boats and packets, glancing silently past, and shooting like ar- rows through the bridges, some of wnich were stone, and some of painted wood." " Every now and then, we came to viiJages, consisting of several hundred houses; and in the middle, 1 observed there were always several Churches." "The village of Utica, stands a stop higher in this progres- sive scale of rivilization; for it has several Church Spires rising over it, and at no great distance an institution, called Hamilton College, intended, I was told, for the higher branches of sci- ence. We also visited Syracuse, a village vith extensive salt- works close to it: and had numerous opportunities of examining the Erie Canal, and the great high-road to Bufl'alo; so that what wi*J) towns and cities, Indians, forests, cleared and cultivated lands, girdled trees, log-houses, painted churches, villas, canals, and manufhctories, and hundreds of thousands of human beings, starting into life, all within the ken ' one day's rapid journey, there was pienty of stuff for the ikii ^ination to work upon." " Often, too, without much warning, we came in sight of busy villages, ornamented with tall white spires, topping above towers, in which the taste of the villagers had placed green Ve- nitidn blinds; and, at the summit of all, handsome gilt weather- cocks glittering and crowing, as it seemed, in triumph over the poor forest" " O'jr next hult was at the end of an extremely pretty lake, not quite so large as the two last we had visited, but still an ex- tensive piece of water. This lake, and the village which stands at the northern extremity, are called Canandaigua. I may re- mark, that the term village, conveys a different idea to us from what it does to an American. The word town would seem more appropriate, as these villages are not composed of cottages clustered together, but of fine houses, divided by wide streets, and embellished by groves of trees and flower gardens. At cer- tain corners of all Uiese villaees, or towns, blacksmiths, coopers, and other artisans are to be u)und; but, generally speaking, the houses at Canandaigua, for instance, have more the appearance ef aeparate country houses, than of mere component parts of a village. In die centre there is always left an open space or market place, with showy hotels on oae side; the court-house '% !■ i w| i» iw iMw mfmmmmmF forcBt, up to mrlcy waving elcsH looking ion the earth, lit is tlii> only riving places commodious i gigs, flying go, wc could with freight oting like ar- ine, and some consisting of served there this progress Spires rising led Hamilton iches of sci- xtensive salt- of examining ; so that what id cultivated villas, canals, uman beings, ipid journey, >rk upon." B in sight of apping above ed green Ve- gilt weathcr- inph over the pretty lake, jt still an ex- which stands . I may re- ea to us from would seem id of cottages wide streets, lens. Atcer- iths, coopers, ipeaking, the c appearance mt parts of a tea space or » court-house «n the other; and perhaps a Church, and a Meeting-Mouse, tu complete the Square." " Canandaigua lies nearly in the centre of Ontario eoiinty, a large tract of which wm purchased many years ago, I believe in 1790, by some Englith gentlemen, who paid about five cents an acre for it, or about two pence halfpenny. Great part of it has since been sold at prices varying from one and two dollars, to ten, and even twenty dollars." *• In the meantime, we had abundant ocular demonstration of the respect paid to the subject of Religion; for scarcely a single villatt, hoirever small, was without a Church." «« On the 26th of June, 1887, we strolled through the village of Rochester, under the guidance of a moit obliging and intel- ligent friend, a native of thif part of the country. Every thing in this bustling place appeared to be in motion. The very streets seemed to be starting up of their own accord, ready made, and looking as fresh and new, as if they had been turned out of the workmen's hands but an hour liefore; or that a great boxful of new houses had been sent by steam from New York, and tum- bled out on the half-cleared land. Tlie canal banks were at some places atill unturfed: the lime soemed hardly dry in the mason- ry ol the aqueduct, in the bridges, in the ujmberless great saw- mills and manufactories. In many of these buildings, the peo- ple were at work below stairs, while at top the carpenters wore busy nailing on the planks of the roof." *' Some dwellings were half painted, while the foundations of others, within five yards distance, were only beginning, I can- not say how many churches, court-houses, jails, and hotels, I counted, all in motion, creeping upwards. Several streets were nearly finished, but had not yet received their names; and many others were in the reverse predicament, being named, but not commenced, their local h;;bitation8 being merely signified by lines of ctakes. Here and there we saw great warehouses, with- out window sashes, but half filled with goods, and furniffhed with hoisting cranes, ready to fish up the huge pyramids of floUt barrels, bales, and boxes Wine in the streets. In the centre of the town, the spire of a Presbyterian Church rose to a great height, and, on each side of the supporting tower, was to be iecD the dial plate of a clock, of wjiich the machinery, in the hurry-skarry, had been left at New York. I need not say, that these, half-finished, whole finished, and embryo streets were crowded with people, carta, stages, cattle, pigs, far beyond the reach of numbers; and as all these were lining up their voices together, in ket:pih| wit*i the clatter of hammers, the ringing df axee, and the cracking of inachinery, thcMi was a fine concert, I afsureyout'' "But it struck us, that the interest of the town, for it «M)ns idle to call it a village, wa« subordinate to that of the suburbs. 13 ? 'S (i ■■HC:- mm mtnntm w M> i m A few years ago, tho whole of that part of the country was co* Tcrcd with a dark, ailent forral, and even aa it waa, we could not proceed a mile in any direction, except that of the high road, without coming full-butt againat tho woods of time immc* inorial " '• Lockport, is celebrated over tlie United States aa tho aite of a double set of canal locks, admirably executed, side by aide, five in each, ono for boats going up, the other for those coming down the canal. Tho original level of the rocky table land about Lockport is somewhat, though not much, higher than the sur- iaco of Lake Kric, from which it is distant, by tho line of the canal, about thirty miles. In order to obtain the advantage of having such an inexhaustible reservoir as Lake Erie for a fcftder to tho canal, it became necessary to cut doivn the top of the ridgo on which Lockport stands, to bring the canal level somewhat below that of tho lake. For thia purpose, a magnificent cxca* vation, called the Deep Cutting, arveral miles in length, with an average depth of twenty-five fee 4, was made through a compact, >iorizontal limestone stratum, a work of great expense and la- hour, and highly creditable to all parties concerned." « The Erie Canal is 303 miles in length, 40 feet wide at the •urface, 28 at bottom, and four feet deep. There are 83 locks of masonry, each 90 feet long, by 15 wide. The elevation of Lake Erio above tho Hudson, at Albany, is about 555 feet; but tho lockage up and down on the whole voyage is G62 feet." Vet, amidst all these scenes, the onlv reflection which escapes from Captain Hall is a denunciation of the ** blighting tempest of democracy," for having done away with Primogeniture and Entails. At this early period, too, he detecis <• a wish, when asking for information, to prove my ^./giQal and prejudiced con- the'people injustice. " He hero introduces, also, a sort of elcg^ on a^ead tree, evidently for the mere purpose of vqnting his spleen at what he deems th:) heartlessness of Improvement. " An American settler can hiirdly conceive the horror with which a foreigner beholds such numbers of magnificent trees standing round him, with their throats cut, the very Banquos tif the murdered forest, "The process of girdling is this: — a circular cut or ring, two or three inches deep, is made with an axe quite round the tree, at about five feet from the ground. This, of cours*), putt an end to vegetable l\fe; and the deitruc- tion of the tree being accelerated by the action of fire^ these wretched trunks in a year or two, present the most miterable olgects of decrepitude that can be Conceived. The purpoie, «1)owever, of the fanner is gained, and that in all he can be ex- pect<4 to look to. His corn crop it no longer ovenhaded by tuntry wai co> wan, we could It of the high af time imtnc- tef ai tho atte I, tide by aide, : thoae coming ible land about than the aur- :ho line of the B advantage of Irie for a fodder op of tho ridgo evel aomcwhat inificent cxca- lenglh, with an jgh a compact, ixpenae and la- Bd." set wide at the ■e are 83 locka le elevation of It 555 feot; but I 662 feet." I which eacapes ghting tempest logeniture. and '* a wish, when prejudiced cen- ts, in England, had myaelf re- ireviously done , a sort of elcg^ of venting his iprovement. he horror with Bgnificent trees very Banquos ling is this:— a I made wiUi an im the ground, ind the destruc- n«To mako a gravel walk all round thb island, broad enough foi' three per- sons to walk abreast; to open //n*y bo Ihroivn ovor the cauract by an indignant community. Doubtieaa Captain Hall would make theao '* oommodiouo'' aoata out of tha graat fallen black oak! He wntneaaed, alao, the operaticne at the propoaed Wellaod Canal, and finding ** all the loeka conatnioted of wood," re* merka, •< It alwavi atnick me that the locka on the Erie or Ne«v York Canal, micht have been advintajnouaiy made, in like man* nor, of timber.'" Much caution, we fear, U neeeaaary in liaten- ing to uiir touriat'a advice, whether it relate to Drimogeoiture, entaila, oi- wooden locka. Mr. M'Taggart, civil engloeor, in* apected these worka three month* before Captain Hall waa tberev and in hia recent work, renurka, (vol. ii. p. 169,) "Thie report waa not very well received by the abareholdera, but they were quite unable to deny any of iu atatementf, tkey would wtrh away at tkty had doru, regard^ of my remarka, and had the felicity of obtwrving aome of their wooden lock* float dovtn before the freahcts, like larg* bird oag«$f into Lake Ontario." On the 16th July, |afl7, they left the Falla, and prooeedod by land through Canaida, aa far aa Kiugatoo on the St Lewvenee. The equipage ia tbua ci' jcertbed:->'* /br want qf m bttttr eon- veyanee we were obliged to travel in a vebtole, digniAed by the name of a wagon, but which, in fliet, wae neither more oor leae thaa a good, honeat, ratUiog, open eart." On the third day, ** the axletvee gave way, and down we eenie oa our broodside* A dwelling wia near at hand, but upon trying th* dowe they were found aU looked." He adda, petheUeally, "ThMf* we were left in the middle of a CanadiaB foreet, et ai||bt-faU,,aur- rounded by awampa, aonoroua with innnmarabk Mk froga* and by an atmoephero elogged with noxioue vapoure* and cToud^wl with moaehetoea." At length tbey got "agKh ki notion, though in a alill leaa mrfoifioaol eouveyanee, Uterally a eMnmon two-wheeled £uw*ear^ with nothieg but a bunch oi atraw to break the vioienee of the jolta." He apeeka thua of the foad from Credit River to York:~** Boiaf formed of Ao truoke oS traee, laid croee vrajMk without any ooaling of earth ar stontik il waa mora tk >minaMT jallv than ^qs thing a Eoropaan laMgina- tion can coneeive. Over ttiaaa horribie waaden eaoaawaya, teoh< nieally oaUad eovduoay roa^ it would ba ndaery to tiaval In any daaenjption of eairiaga; bat io a wagon mr oaiit, with aetlteg but wooden apMBge, il ia auial Ifyaag to av«j jaiot ia eae'a f." In the oxHBBTt, and body, the oirav aaeh loada^ thogr oaland York capital of Upper Canada. Aa IboSr kA thw .plaia nasi maiOf the L«th» we p rea u ma that aOar tha joltiagaial Iba aorduny inc, FiMd«ir beaida' a <«'arintto'' exanioatiott of a» ladka yiUap^ wp • ill Um Krt •' (Vol. I. p. f mift uphoU ihroivn over tteM Captain of ihii grtat Md WtllHOd wood," rt- Brio or No^ > in Hk« man* iry in liHtn- imogooiture, infioMT, in> ill was tkMr% •Thitroport at thoy w«r« would icor* rki, and hod w float down a Ontario." )rooetdodb7 k. Lavvfoneo. a btUer mm- ;niA«d by tht nOM DOT loM I third day» If broadsidt. ¥ do«ra thojr "ThMf* w« S'lt'faUt^aur- and cTottd hI I ka in«tio% ly a aatonaik i^ faaaiaagina* mwwyttr taoi* liWMiaaoj (Vith MtltfBg aim Uk Mfi't MlandYork • MBtmam^ Hwaordunjii dkn TiUafi^ 101 through whieh thoy had paaaed, thoy could hava had littlo tin« or apiritfl fur a aurroy of the Capital W« are conatrainad, ttwr** fore, from t.Hn Captain's total ailonca, to pauaa fur ■ momont in ordar to introduea to tb« raador information froan another quar* tar, which will ba daenMNi, at laaat, aqually truatwurlhy; via. Mr. Talbot'a " Fiva Vekra* Kcaidance in Canada," publiahod in London in Iflit4, a work to which wo ahall again have oceat on to rafer. Ha will aearcely bo axoeptod to on the ground of any hoatilo political biaa, for ha informa ua that ho choat CanaJa aa • reaidMnca in preforenoa to tha United Statoa, beeauao ho wat ■nwilliag to " botooM a aubjoct of a country arowedly hoatilo to that in whioh hia family had for many eanturiea flouriabed in the aunabina of Britiah protection — to aeparate himaalf for aver from Britiah iaatitationt, and Britiah lawa, and to ba compollod to taaek hia litlhi ebiklren the political craad of a rapublie, for which he oould bimaelf nevor feel a aantinwnt of attMhment)" ■Bd he prolavM to le well aatiafiod with his aalaeiion. Thia gantlaman atates the number of soula in Yor#to be 1336, and adda, " ile who irat fixed upon this spot aa the aita of the c** pital of Uppor Canada, whatever predilection ha may have had ihr the roanng of frogs, or for tha effluvia arising from stagnated watara and putrid vegetablaa, ean derUinly have had no rtry great refprd for preserving tlie livaaof hia Majeaty'a aabjeeta.^? On the 18th, they vmited a placa called Holland'a Landing, "to wttnaaa the annual djatrioation of praaeala, aa thoy ar« aallad, aiade by Oovaramonl to the Indiana." Hera they stayed all night, and the Captain, though we cuinot divine his motive, aoMoa to hava inventoried the furniture of the house in whkh he slept with all that mhutwaoaa whieh would bo so commend* able had he been aeiaing it, aa a awom offiear, ander a laodlord'a warrant Tharo was, in brief, " pimly " ol h; it waa " eom« iartablo" anil " hMidaoma," and " ahicfly of the bml'»ayo ma- ple." The house may ba reaogniaad hereafter, by any futare trmrellar, aa «• a meat agyraaaUa'^ one, and aa baiag «*aurrMinded bv a terf* fhmer sardai^ intatsnetad io aU direetmia by well, ahadod flpavel and turf waUn." Hia nest aantMiee « apindles nito toogitado immonaa," wall eoneaponding with ita exeufuv* obaraatar, for tto «akjaet b to state that from om ef the apart- mant^ »*mtinf^m^ plMad oa in a vefaodah. aa wide m tlw room itaaV, baonded ki Aont, and at both eods by ti«lli»werk, aft tkiahly twined witii kep vinear tkai the mso, and that MtHl mm- t n m Um i m imirmhit, the hlamny glare ef a led hot aky. had no ebaaee fcr adariaaioe, wkib the bream fsem thegaiu «ry w^ 1/ MiMlatteia, t{»er pmtaing thorn mgeniotu, mn* H^eiai mtftiin§o, mUod iaUin, ftmmd ^ nmt oomtoA ^^m mAoutptnMUHfpktgvmt h^f^ Hm doon mmdwini 4mmv Af*w «*• hmt^thfodajfrim Ma kottor pmH^^ln^ mo.* Ja the toth, we preamae ttiey raade out to get back to ill 103 York, tt on the 91it, thejr (ttrt tt.«ne« Tor Kingaton. (m tmlu ting th« Clipittl thay wtr« lling, howiver, u Ihe ft"*?" ^«** ^*y ^^''^ -"'y* ^^*y •"'*«'*' •' *^'>- burg, diatanl " torty-Uiree milea, in thirteen houra, of at >ough travelling as ever waa performed by w'leeled carringe." On the way they fell in with o fitid pr»mclier, *« a tall, aallcw, anxious- looking man, of the Methodiat perauaaion, as we were informed, dreMe4 in a loose surtout coat, of a pt< fnle eoloui, with a yellow ailk handkerchief tied round his head.'* Captain Hall renarks, " In those wild regions, where no towns, 'tni n'j^ many vil- lage* are yet to be found, placrs of regular worship are oecea- •arily ' few and far between,' and theae itinerant preachers, in Suite rj ao;.%e o. uaiom J extravagancies, must, upon the whole, good." He apeaka of "that large class of pei-aona in the country through which wo were travelling, many of whom, but for auch occanont aa these, would otherwiee be UJt Altogether without public worship. For we can eaaily bniieve that in the midst of the woods, where the population are employed all the week long at hard labour, and the DeighbourhooJ is but scantily aettled, there can be very little or none of that example, or that public opinion, .vhieb are found ao effieaoioua elaewhere to encourage good morals, and to check bad habtts. Under ■uch cireumatances there v^ill, almo«t of necessity, ht little at- tention paid to theae duties, which ought to be psnunoiiot to •II othera, but which often require, unfortunately, moat ensou- raf^ment and assistance, where the means of lending auch aids I - V I t ■iP**M|"i tf^m I. l»n auit<< lift awful ftc< QUI jvurMy ■ in for an 3' I MgRJn, In li, uur hopei i!le of ailk handkerohiufa togotlier, which, by the by, on auch uccaaiona, mako a very good rope." He dwetia much on the aettlemQnt, and conaidora the experimont to havo proveil very aucceaaful. *• There were 2084 actllora •ent by Oovcrnmei.t, in I8jI3, at the toul coat of 84/. fl*. 4me time admiring it, and think- ing what a pity it nas that such a glorious tree should be felled to the esrth, and still more, that it snould be afterwards chopped up and burnt along with vulgar pine logs." He entreats the owner to spare it. " VwY well, sir! very well! it shall be yours from this moment; and if you will give me leave it shall bear your name.' and a fence thall be put round it! and while I have breath in my body there it shall stand, you may be sure, and even after me, if my children will respect their father's wishes. Do you hear ihat^ boys?" The Captain complacent- ly adds, <* 1 h«ve einco received a letter frorn a JHetid in that quarter of ihc worldf in which the following passage occurs: *" I have been over to see the good folks at Peterborough apd Douro, since you left us. Your visit there with Mrs. Hall, is held in the most pleasing recollection; and Welsh, the Irish emi- grant, vows eternal vengeance against any one that shall dare to do the least injury *«j Captain HalPs oak!' " Surely the savages of Loo Choo deserve little credit for hav- ing quizzed our tourist so egregiously ab it Mems to i>d now ad- mitted they did. Human felicity is, at best, imperfenl. Thus, it leaks out with regard to theoe Settlers: " 1/ there bad been any thing inju- dicious, it consisted in giving people, accustomed to very scanty fare, too ample an allowance of food. This over iudfilgenee, not oniy hurt the /Uaith of the people., but tended io some de- gree to slotsken the indi'i'ioual exertions of the settlers to main- tain themselves." One of Captain Hall's correspondents says, (vol. i. p. SS5,) *' From observ^ion, 1 tHink the Government did too much for these already out, and still the committee pro> pose to do t(M> »nuch for any that may Itt sent out; they atv '•"t Uft to find resottrce from their own industry end energy. While the rations Iwt, tit^ny of the emigrfinti maka little exw- fioR, and dispose cffood they have not been used to, such as norf>} for whiskey, thei^by inioring their confetitutioas and m«- nH and fixing foF a time bablta of Hteness." Another tpeak- i*:."^ SB'-UVTliiaiJ..'ti-'-iih- „ .l..,..,f J.-tia-iun.r,.^Mlrri. ■-.. ;.4^-,.|^.»i.' ■ A •neliiiB,' frid \aS I mean, rsiute them? they are?'** Iriahman fa- bafore of ita lid, '* turn out ot a momoot I bresks out, jn tlio world Bty, long life ht. in a mo- 8 admirslion t, and think- luld be felled irds chopped entreats the ihall be yours it shall bear and while I may be sure, their father's complacent- ietul in that ■sage occurs: borough apd Mrs. Hall, is he Irish emi> shall dare to *edtt for hav- bd now ad- saka out with thing inju~ J very scanty indfflgence, 1 in some de- ers to main- Dndents says, OoTernment mmittee pro> thejf atv ""^e cndmtrgy. Ld little exvr- i to, such aa Jons and om- iiother speak- 105 Irg of the Irish, gpncrally, remarks, " Douro settlers arc, at present, all !rinh; and though doing very well, yet from their former indolent habits they nave not exerted themnelves as much as they might, being addicted to ^king a little too much whis- key, and, oy doing so, lose a great deal of lime. A thousand arguments might b« produced in favour of mixing English and Scots settlers, with the Irish here, not so much for their mode of farming, as from the good example they would give of so- briety, regularity, morality, and steadines!«; not fond of visit- ingt card-playing, carousing, or party spirit Great benefits would arise from a number of Scots emigrnnti being introduced amongst the Irish. Tfi^y are proverbial for fpotl conduct," &c. The benefits conferred by this Settlement upon the ** gentle- men in the neighbourhood," on whose testimony Captain Hall greatly relies, may be judged of by a passage in a letter from one of them, (vol. i. p. 319,) in which he declares, that he was about to abandon the neighbourhood, when " Mr. P. Robinson came to my house, and mentioned to me his intention nf bring- ing up the emigrants, to these back townships. At unce we gave up every idea of removing, the clotiJs dispersed, all our difficulties seemed to be over." The account which the sflme person gives of his previous troubles is sufficiently pitiable. Some kind friends had, it seems, prepared tJie '* new abode" of himself and family, in the woods, but " there was nr partition put up; even on the floors, the boards were scarcely sufficient to prevent the children's feet from going through. When wo fet about to prepare our beds we found the floor covered above an inch thick with ice, of which we removed as much as we c that had not a pound of fiit upon them, a little pork, and a few rowls, aixl when cioesing the river just oeur my house, bafe been oear losing the whole cai^* by the etrovg curreot.'' 14 i"! 'f. i3 HiMiiii J. *i'- •ip lod '* My wife was confined, and I had to send fifteen miles for a nurse-tender, who reached us with much difficulty, as she was obliged to walk through woods wj^ere no road had aver been cut, and to be carried sometime| across swamps, and lifted over large logs. " No wonder the poor man was rejoiced, when Mr. Peter Robinson came at last to deliver the whole family. We are very far from wishing to go into the history of this Irish Settlement as disclosed in the Parliamentary Documents. Our objert has, merely, been to exhibit Captain Hall's powers in the weighing of testimony, and the eagerness with which he listened to clamorous professions of "^ loyalty,'' on the part of those, who, from his own showing, were ready to go into the other extreme, had they discovered a wish that matters should be « understated." The interest of the Agent and the other Officers, who have charge of these out-pensioners of Great Bri- tain, in representing the project as successful, and as claiming the farther countenance of the Government, is obvious. The Settler to whom the Agent referred Captain Hall for informa- tion made rather an Irish blunder, it is true; but what do we un- derstand by his telling that officer to his face, that he ** knew very well," what was meant by asking for a cue as to oversta- ting or understating? We need not, surely, remark on the mo- tives of the people in the neighbourhood for wishing to keep up an establishment, which not only had brought settlers amongst them, and caused an enormous disbursement of public money, but whose continuance led every day to an increase of these comfortable incidents. Yet on such testimony, our tourist makes this flourishing assertion, " The univeraal satisfaction expressed by these people is creditable to the Statesman, I believe Mr. Wilmot Horton, who devised the experiment, to Mr. Peter Ro- binson, bv whose skill and patience it was carried through its many difficulties, and, also, to the good sense, moderation, and industry of the poor emigrants themselves." Captain Hall's opportunities of forming an opinion may bo jud{^ of from the length of his stay, — a fact, by the way, which it requires us to look very closely into his book to ascertain. If, indeed, we could believe him capable of a paltry artifice, there would seem an anxiety that this fact should not be readily discoverable. He abandons, suddenly, the form of journalizing, and the day ot tho month disappears for sixty pages. He ssys, **l went during my »tay as much ss possible amongst the set- tlers, /reguentty alone, aometimes with the agent, and teverol /tme* with the clergyman. 1 had, also, many opportunities of conversing with gentlemen, &a." In speaking of his conversa- tion with ** ComeUus," he prefaces it by saying, (p. 286, vol i.^ The Agent happened one day to meet an old man in the village, and knowing him to be a shre ^ person," &c. Far- ther ont (pk S90,) hf says, *<0n thv. i 4th of July, I tooK » ■ - iiTngst the set- , and aeveral Mrtuoitiec of his conversa- (p. 286, vol. d man in the " &c. Far- ly, I took » \ ^ 107 long ride," &o. Now it would scarcely occur to the reader after what had gone before, unless he watched narrowly, that this very 84th July, was in fact, the only day that the Captain had an opportunity of seeing the Settlement. Yot such is the fact He reaches the place on the night of the 83rd, " more dead than alive," (p. 880>881. On the 84th, he takes a long ride, (p. 890.) On the next day, S5th, he " intended to have resumed these researches, but, it raiptd so violently, that we were confined most of the morning within doors. About noon it olearcd up: but the paths cut by the settlers through the fo- rest, were now mostly ecvered with water, and rendered so slip- pery and clammy, that walking was scarcely possible. Every bough that was touched, sent down such a shower of drops that I got soundly ducked, before reachinga shsnty in the thicket, where I found a hardy fellow," &c. This hardy fellow is the one on whose premises ** Cu^in Hall's oak" stands, and it is apparent, that his examinatili was not farther pursued, but that he returned to guard against the consequences of his sound duck- ing. Then occurs a long and deceiving space filled with letters, &e. until we reach p. 347. He arrived at Kingston on the 88th, (p. 349. ) His intermediate movements are thus traced. It had occupied the whole of the 83d, startinarearly and arriving late, to reach the settlement from Coburg. The return journey must have been on the 86th, and it took at least as much time; for the vehicle broke down twice, (p.347,)and they had to walk six miles, (ib.k " In the course of the next morning," 87th, (ib.) 4hey meet witPa disaster Whilst travelling by land. At the Bay of C^uinte, they took the water, and on the 88th, reached Kingston, (p. S49.) Thus, as we have said, Captain Hall enjoyed but a single day's observation, and yet a cursory reader could hardly fail to be mis- led by the confasing circumstances to which we have referred, and, in particular, by the leisurely lounging way, in which he speaks of meeting, " one day," a very shrewd settler. The ques- tion then, becomes one of Hours. We must bear in mind that the Captain is a very late riser (vol. i. p. 399;) he has no idea of getting up with " the stupid cocks who have nothing else to do but crow." (ib.) He must take his breakfast before starting, (p. 400,) and that meal with him is a « looK desultory sort of" one (p. 401.) Af- ter breakfast he must be allowed time to '< think of shaving" (ib.) before he can make up his mind to that important operation. He defends his system on £picurean principles, and is of opinion that ** We leisurely travellers, who despise and abhor the idea of getting over the stage before branAfastt in the end to do jost as much as your early stirring folks; with this difference, that we maVu the journey a pleasure — they, a toil" (p. 399.) It must be recollected, also, that he had reached the Irish set- Uement, the night before, "more dead than alive with fa> tigue,"(p. S81)~-aa apology fwfeven unusual indulgence. Sup- f 1 /''Uf ':! t ' ill mm m ■OTMMP '« 108 posing, however, our Captain fairly in the field on the 94tb, t great deal of time in to be de(tu(*ted before we can arrive nt any thing like a true eMinateof the portion of it devoted to the Irian aeltjfra; 'I'hus, on the same day, he viaited **8everal older ec> tabli8hmentfs"(p- 4290,) at one of which he found ** an old Scotchman, from Banff, with a jolly red noae, in ahape and 00- Icur like the aweet potatoe of that country, a proaing old body, who bri«^htened tip, however, amazingly, when I tolohim where 1 came from, and I had much ado to eaeane a aound doae of whie- key which he wished to force upon me tor countryman's sake." He went, also, to Smith's Town, "aneatabliahmentofemigrantf of nine years' standing." If we subtract, farther, the nscesaa- ry time for meals, from which Captain Hali self, in returning from Canada to the United States, aaya, pee- vishly, thftt there was on board the Steam-boat, " a large |Mrty of Irish emigrants, who. ^or retuons bett knoum to tktmHlves^ had not chosen to settle m Canada, but to toanilar farther sonth in quest of fortune." In a yet nore recent wcrk, ("Three Years in Canada, by John M'Taggarf, Civil Engineer," (vol. ii. p. 848,) we find the following remarka:-— *VL«t some pi|an, therefore, be found- to keepthfese people in bread at home; and I think it is poaaiUeto find out one Perhaps I may be conaidered too severe on this subject, and were I not speaking from praetical experiemSe the accuracy of my statements might be doubted. The Iriah land- holder and the philanthropist are also its wivoeatest the 0rsty be- cause it tends to rid hia unfortunate country ef a portion of fto misery; the second, for the same reason, with this addition; that while it weeda misery out of Irebnd, it does not plaatit in Ca- nada — whieh ir not the fact, for it does plant ii there, and in a more melancholy point of vie««." Nothing remarkable happened to the C^ptetn ea bia paiiiga the 94th, • irrivfl at anr I to the Irith ral older ec* id ** an old lape and co' ig old body, ifhiin where loae of whi** nan's sake." ofemigranti the nsceaaa^ ot be drawn opportunity I Settlement lattered over information) M aa errooe^ I hia reoent sntary Docu* •y purpoae," 1 themanlvei only for the miaedland," ly 8ucli|pon>< icnt wim r** M it were by d Aostnlia, n HaH him'- 18, aaya, p«e- I large fMrty I tkeiruelvUf farther sonth Canada, by ) we find the be found- to is poMiUe to 37ere on thif [periemSe the e Iriah laad> ; thefirstybe- tortion erf' ito dditiont that kat it in Ce* »re, and in a t hki paiiigi ^ from the Iriah ■etllawH»^ his party were aaved en > titude" of an AnMrieen 4 when in a At Kinipton he took «f Mlht ** did acarcely any thing elM, dOtb of July.'* He thei reached Kingrton a p i n, ' the Sd of AugoM, and, i Lake to the Americear ah the St. Lawrenee. He tended a pubii« diMler»^ vanity of the oratecj iMi I tion of ioaerting it "^rUl^i diacleaea the teropev United Stalte% boti ia very ankioue to your blunt, atitutional inabili^loi who, though a aaikitv '** ^ dent." We have in Cinada. We i none of that 9xaiaple(ie#' ao effieaeioua, elaewbtw^' bad habita." The oi the woodad where he 1 was **u locae iaHaal'4 ■ilkhandkerehiertkid>i sence of any thing baHili'l ** iUnerant praeehem i ' eirtravagaoMcik" 19f^A Its leadiDg4Hid J dej^ndenee,^' ae whieh ere iavolwid kl tio: ** For my {tart I nun to wotth u J^.** eiordine!i,aBd the4 was intMrrepI^ bjM a jHusud KatHMMMwa ■iay attdien^x '* ■■ " - ■^i'^'* shouM fitoKahly«M ' •weir he wo^hl ka • employneht,'* k# i be peraotoat, if I < aard leo^nc'ease 14 Cankdaa. BotM^J kandt I ahaH aay ii»^ li the Hrea of nil and promp* ited the vehicle fatal." )ockience not only towards the purpoae. He It he ia one of a aort of con- iliments.— one ine for bis tri- ^hitt observation waa " little or lich are found >raU and check Ntaesaed was in clerical garb f, with a yellow ' 9pea, in thf ab- of even these jiaome occasional motion of ** In- jraid and anpport eial, and domes- hiy independent striking in this lere A%r Speech ' and I could sec pees of many of himself, if he Tom Thumb, to •jesty's farther i aay I meant to I between theab- •gland and the ration new at ti/orj/our ^food fmrtuae to n I • r-»lliHiniir! ^w ^i f^ k V H»" '•-\ 7 »%. Sf^ ^ iiu visit many countrioi, and to see governments of all known de* noininationg, and all (igc«; from that of China, which has ex- isted ail it standa for some thousands ^years, to that of Peru, of which I witnessed the very birth, — and a queer looking political bbby it was! h has also fallen in my way to see another de- scription of' in/ant, which, as you well know, was of age on the day it was born, but whether it has grown older or younger, stronger or weaker, btj titm, I leave you to judge. Amongst •11 these different covrtries i have seen very few which unite so many advantages as Canada, where the soil, the climate, and what is vastly more valuable, the public Or>vernment, and ihe tone of private manners{\\ are so well calculated to advance the happiness of m .nkind. You are not yot so ur\fortunate as to be independent of England, in the ordinary acceptation of the term — neither is she of you; but you are much better off." We would ask if there can be discovered, in all this, the slightest reference to that great purpose for .which Captain Hall represents himself to have undertaken this Tour? He has re> marked, (vol. ii. p. 343,) •< To assert, for instance, that such a country as America could be fairly judged of in six weeks, would be more absurd than to say that justice could not be done to it in six years." Yet after a period of observation so short that it would be absurd to draw any inference from it, he is found hold- ing up the United Stotea to derision — and declaring plainlv that they had — as a warning — retrograded in consequence of pos* sessing tr.d power of self-government The object which he had at heart was *< to soften in some degree the asperity of that ill will/>f which it waa impossible to deny the existence, end which was looked upon by many persons, in both countries, as a se- ri(>u8 international evil." He declares, ** I was really desirous of seeing every thing relating to the people, country, and in- stitu'i:>ns, in the moat favourable light; and was resolved to represent ic my countrymen what was good in colours, which might incline them to think," &c Yet on the first opportuni- ty which he enjoys of addressing British subjects — and those, too, who are in immediate contact with Americans — all his powers ot sarcasm are employed to render odious and ridiculousi whnt it pleases him to treat as characteristic of their neighbours. He asks his hearers to thank God that they are not eu " unfor- tunate," as to be in the same predicament with ourselves. And this is stated as the result of his personal obsei^f 'tion: "It has fallen in my way to see, &c." Let us recollect, too, what Cap- tain Hall has told us of the workings of his own mind, (vol. i. p. 167:^ ** The melancholy truth is, that when oncev/e express any opinions, especially if we use strong terms for that purpose, a sort of parental fondness springs up for the oftpriog cf our lips, and we are ready to defend them for no better reason than because we gave them bir>' Travellers, therefore, and othera, should be cautious how they bring such a fine family of opinions ■tiiiltir' • •»» ' iM«ij i ii.i«7a i gai1ir iwn-- known de- ich has ex- of Peru, of ing political rtnother dt- !• of age on >r younger, Amongat ich unite so limate, and nt, and ihe to advance r\fortunate ceptation of 'tetter off." II thia, the aptain Hall He has re> that auch a !eks, would lone to it in nort that it found hold- that noe 01 pos- liich he hqd of that ill and which ea, as a ae- ly desirous y, and in- resolved to lurs, which opportuni- -and those, 18 — all his ridiculous, eigh hours. iu " unfor- ilves. And n: 'a cituen of the worm— and re- • 'i ^ -■^'.•- 'i*(itl%A-SJ^M«^**> jSM^i^^'^' •f fe preient himself ai ictutted throughout by an anxiotia wtah to «x* nibit every thing in the Uiiiioil Sintei in the iiidHt fnvourable IMit After onmloyin(i; such language as /m have^ijuoted in the /Cm^Jw —- .# of hia bi " " Canada part book, there ia to ua aomething very con- temptible in hia introduring auch a declaration as the following, into that allotted to the United Slates: — *' For my own part, I tee no limits to this, and ahould rrjoice with ail my heart, if America were aa far ad*Minced in literature, in acience, in mi7t- iarif and naval knowledqe, in taato, in the fine arts, in manu- factures, in commerce — in short, in every thing, as any prt of Europe. " It is presumed that the English reader must have expected to find in these volumes some information with rcgird to the com- plaints which have been heard from Canada. Mr. Hoakisson, the Secretary for the Colonial Department, in the Debate of 18C8 declares that the Canadas were " under a system of civil government not adapted to their wants, well being, nor happi- ness, nor to maintain their allegiance, nor preaerve their atlcc- tion and good understanding with the mother rountry." He also refera to the circumstance of the Gcvernor " having appro- priated the revenue, without the sanction of an act of the le- S'aJature, as required by law." In the same Debate, Sir James [acintosh, said, that he had presented <*a petition signed by eighty>s«ven thouiiand of the inhabitants oi^ Canada, compre- hending among its numbers, nine-tenths of tht head* of/a- miliea in the Province, and mora than two-thirds of its landed proprietors," and shows, that " the petitioners had the gravest causes of complaint against the administration of the govern- ment of the ^'olony." Sir Janifis farther says, *' Yhe Govern- ment of Quebec, despising these considerations, has been long engaged in a scuffle with the peeple, and has thought hard words, and hard blowa, not inconsistent with iti dignity. I observe that twenty-one bills were passed by the Lower House of As- sembly, 1827, most of them reformatory. Of these, not one was approved vf by the Upper House. Is the Governor res- ponsible for this? 1 answer he is. The Council is nothing bet- ter than the tool of the government. It is not a fair and consti- tutional check between the popular assembly and the governor; but it is the governor's council. The counsellors are all crea- tures of the governor; and they sit io council, not to examine the bills sent to them, but to concur in the acts of the Governor. Of these counsellors, consisting of twenty-seven gentlemen— seventeen hold places under the government at pleasure^ These seventeen divide amongst them, fifteen thousand pounds of tho public money, which is not a small sum, in a country where one thousand pounds a year is a large incoane for a country gentle- man. I OkBitthe bishop, who is perhaps rather iocliaed to autho- rity, bdt of a pacific charaeter. The nii» rcaHuaiog counsel- -) # iiftfSi I wiih to ex« it favourable I noted in the ig very ron- e following, own part, I my heart, if ce, in mUi' la,in manu- I any part of expected to to the com- Hiiakiaaon* e Debate of Item of civil ;, nor happi- e their adcc- ntry." He ivinf( appro- ict of the le- D, Sir Jamef n aigned bjr da, compra- \eada o//a- if its landed the gravest the govern- fhe Govcrn- la been long hard words, I observe ouae of As- esc, not one overnor rea- nothingbet- ■ and conati- e governor; are all crea- to examine Governor. ;entienien— ire. These undsof the r where one ntry gentle- Mi to autho- tog couneel- i) A 113 lora were worn out by oppoaing the seventeen, and at present have withdrawn from attending ita deliberations." The touriat haa forborne, for a very eurious reason, to gifo lis any account of thrse dintiirbance8»in Cnnatla, and of tli>< par- tiee which havu lung distracted it. The Fulls of Niagara ntade a great impreaaion on him:—'* I felt, aa it were, aUggered and confused, and at timea experienced a sensation bordering on alarm, I did not well know at witat — a strong, myal*>rioua,aort of impreaaion that 8omethinf| dreadful might happen. ** It "pro- duced kind of diiiy reverie more or le»» akin to alcop." This tooling he declares ho could not ahake nlf. True, he was suffi- ciently collected a day or two after, for his Hrookvilleapeech; but in order to account for ** the indiflerenee which I atruggled in vain to throw off as to the politica of Lower Canada, al- though the topic waa then awallowing up every other conaidc- rntion," he gravelly declares that ho waa yet under the stunning influence of the Falla. " Our rtctnt iniereourat toith Nia- gara, and the many wild rind curious accniis," lie. When we ask him the mcaninffof all the noiae and clamour, he tells, like Mrs. Sullen in the Beaux StraUgem, of the ainging in hia eara. But mark the gentleman'a conalatoney with his own atory, *' It waa my intention, however, notwithstanding the appear- tnce of this Report and Evidence, to havo inaortod, at this place, a sketch of the disousaions alluded to, but I thought it right to SUPPRESS it, in conaequenoe of recent ohangt>a in that quarter, and the diaposition wnieh really appears to exiat on both sides to atari afresh, to turn over a new leqf, and to join cordially in adtrancing the prosperity of a country so high- ly gifted by nature and by fortune!" He therefore oontenti himaelf with referring his readers to dooumenti ordered to be printed on the >8d July, 1898, and, eacaping from facts, »dopts the more congenial language of tsaertion. « The foi^ndations of those powera which preserve iooial order are eertainly more •table and better organixed in the Provinces than in the United States. Their rulers do not derive their authority /irom those otfcr whom their power is to be exercised} they look tip, and not down, for approbation, and can therefore use that authority with more genuine ihti^endenee." It i« for Captain HaA's countrymen, rather than for us, to complain of this '* auppreaaion." He leaves home for the pur- pose of aeeiog things with his own eyes: ** I eonfess I was aome- Tvhat increduloua mitiejlaming accounts given in England," &c.. Yet after he haa noade obaervationi on a point of auoh vital importance as that of the popular sentiment in Canada, he thinka it politic to " mip' ^«" them, and to refer hia readers to a mass of documents, vvi>. . . few of them will ever think of look log into, and which Captain Hdl, it is to be hoped, never examined, since they exhibit a picture directly the reverse of that which he has drawn. Ha does not hmitate to recommend to G»eat / ..«»i>' fct«i.>i^i.'Viai\ .. /J r' ! Ill BHtain the completion of va»t ami flirp<»r»ii^o work*, mt/ whitt fAey may, and yi.t withholP"*-to'-» half-a-down times in nn« I:j«mK Seigneur 18 entiUed, on every mutation, to reoeiro one-twelfth of the whole purchase money; which ono-twelfth, «M ,'.irA ' """"* bo Daid by the new purchaser, and is tnr " « t /• ^M"" •8'^«'» to be given to the actual proprie- tor. '\Jfeln>fiB the revenue of one year dueto the Lordfor oer- S'«!r^^.r''«^T'^. *'"**' hi» explanation of "Fief," "quinta" rebat, &c. It is very unsafe to purchase property in Ct- nada, unless the sale is effected by the agency of a Seriff. " in tne Parliamentary discussion of 1886, on the mibjeot of Ca- Vs^tLaridL II.) >rk«, mt/ what !) might oiulitn re !• likely to [ in the United I, heavily taxed Bar, ia of their For the pubtie it it ia eafteriy iln ar« exempt Great HriUin. naation for ha an oxpcnae of ipora, agreeing luoh, that Cap- ^ language of i him, that he lei without he- lm to demand I " THaXotiw, // sight mora y othora, bet- ere he picked u. Mr. Tal. lioated are tho ithatliwauitii xeommunioa- dayaofHen* Canada ia go- om of Parli/ 'ii or Roman t, the ediota, Brnon of Ca- nceming Ca- D moat griev- with respect them to pay f, or flnea of re. By thii ion timea in n, to reoeire ono-twelith, lioaer, and ia tual proprie* Lord for cor- ," "quinte" perty in Ca- sheriff." ibjeotofCa- uada, Mr. tluikiaaon, tho Secretary fur lint olonial Depariniftil, Uac9 thv fulluwilix litlijtuagn: '*'riu!rii in do |ioaaihility oC ■uing or boioK aueil, cxcf pt in tho French ('ourtN, and iicRuruii>|i( to the French form and prarticc; no mode of trunaacting cunimcrcial buaincaa, except under French cuatoma now obMolctc in Franco. In LowiT Caiiadn, they go iiixin the litvv and Hvoti^m of fi>u Eitual liability for the debta and maintenance of the Colony, very body knows that, in law, a man becomes thua lioblo, to third peraona, by holding oat a woman aa hia wife, even though no wedding may have taken place. We have nothing to do with thi.i, and only refer to the passage, for the purpose of re- marking, that whenever he uaea the term *' Canada," both pro- vinces are included. It would involve a breach of iaw, aa well aa of decency, were the propoeal of intermarriage to refer to the two in the disjunctive. Now, amongat the aaaertiona which be makes, with regard to the country Uius designated, is the following: " In every part of Canada, we found the inhabi' tants speaking English." (Vol. i. p. 865.) This universal prevalence of the English language ia happily illuatrated, when we find ouraelves (vol. i. p 369) in a boat, which had brought up British Government atores, and in which all the boatmen spoke '* a corrupted or perhaps antiquated lert of French; vi \ ^' 10 licdowrif . p. 410. tidy known ivfl (tnvern- nif(hl bf *{/" id of hi* lit- i«in th ■ .•';^t; «," ib. 410. tiintry, in ■ oitof whom Vace, wor«« iimplncrims il will alien* nd th« arbi* bf fret, «•- niioccnt and 10 loyalty of Var were to d Statu, I nany thou* rinly rcactit jic a pair of img under thia pari of tion of var- ircnt State," relationahip •I. i. p. 414,) ition, to Bub- aay ' cv far ip(lanu « pcr> the Colony. tiUB liable, to even though othiog to do irpoae of re- I," both pro- ' iaw, ai weil ;e to refer to irtiona whieh nated, ia the i the inhabi- lia univcrsd trated, when had brought the boatmen f French; di AI MM MT, we aifl »M Frvnch «xf iu- 111 wbieh t undrriiuod very few worda," introduced tu a settlement, vth^tt "tiiOT ^1 ii?«ly(" and we hear, (p. .103,) of <* the French peaaaiitry, who form the mtn of the population in Lower Canada." Mr. Tai- but, apeiikiiiK of tiii ix^runiliulaliiiii of ijtinhvr, aava, ** Not a word of ICngliali did I hear; not a face that waa K'igltah did I •ee, imtil, to my great aaliafaetion, I found myaulf in a Hiitiah morcnntilu warabouar, where, on looking around me, and re- flecting on tlin abort eicuraion I had taken, I waa reminded, that inatead of having been engaged in placing the laat atone in the Tower of Uabel, 1 had only conctuue valuable model. Is there any thing here of the "habit" of ^'depreciating c^'ery thing English," which Captain Hall has undertaken to record on the same page? Dut these remarks have diffused themselves over a wide space, anu the re 'er will doubtless think it more than time that they should be brought to a close. We hope that their primary object has not been lost sight of. It is to us, comparatively, unimportant, whether Captain Hall's book may supply materials for "confusing" thvse who, in Great Britain, regard the present state of thmgs as susceptible of improvement We are little annoyed at sneers about un- brushed hats, unpolished shoes, and pantaloons of not an exact fit. Still less do we dread its exciting disaffection in the Uni- ted States, by the array of miseries which the tourist, not find- ing just at hand, is compelled to seek in anticipation. We arc likely to remain content with our cheap government, cheap justice, and cheap food. But a more painful feeling is excited by the declaration of an Officer in the service of Great Britain, that the United States are, in this country, an object of odium, and that it is not worth while to attempt, or even to desire, a change of sentiment We regret the use which may, be made of what he has thus put on record. Such statements often pass, at the moment, without exciting active resentment, '' ^ iecur, with a decisive influence^ at periods of great excitement for alleged wrongs or indignities. They may rush from the Me- mory into the Passions on the first petition of an impressed sea- man — rendering irresif^tible the appeal of a citizen forced from beneath the national flag to fight the battles of a country which holds his own in abhorrence, against a friendly power, and un- der the orders, perhaps, of the very individual who has mixed up this annunciation of hatred, with pointless but insolent sar- casm on the country, its institutions, and its people. Those who are, hereafter, destined, on either side of the Atlantic, to MwiiidU M 0(1 frequently »f the manner iat monster,' UofRinhts." [liious all this J which Cap- ut, in all these , " For eigli- ignorance of ho considers an willing to le olden time, dc to the Ba- le referred to to us an in* I "habit" of itain Hall has a wide space, me that they lost sight of. 'aptaiu Hall's use who, in IS susceptible '.T8 about un- ' not an exact n in the Uni< rist, not find- on. We are iment, cheap Ing is excited rrcat Britain, ect of odium, n to desire, a lay, be made its often pass, it, '■ ^ lecur, :citement for rom the Me- Ti pressed sea- I forced from >untry which wer, and un- 10 has mixed insolent sar- >ple. Those Atlantic, to 119 look out on the gloom of ocean for dismal f idings of bloody and unnatural strife, and to await in speechless agony the dreaded lists of destruction, may well remember with execration the efforts which seem to be making to prepare the w«y for a fierce and uncompromising struggle. It is the object of these pages to expostulate with this spirit of wanton mischief. We will be amply satisfied if they induce an examination of the trifling, but pernicious, volumes to which they refer, in a mood different from that which the author as- sumes to exist and has laboured to gratify. We ven*,ure to assert, that if thus viewed, the very phrases which Captain Hall has put into the moutiis of Americans, to convey an idea of their lofty and sanguine pretensions, and their dislike of England, will bo found to indicate, with the greatest clearness, the existence of that deep-seatod feeling of deference, from which it is so difficult for a derivative people to disengage themselves. Thus he gives us, in derision, an in- quiry made of him, by an American friend, whether we were not "treading close on the heels of the mother country;" and again at Albany, after witnessing the proceedings of the legis- lature, he was asked, " Do we not resemble the mother coun- try/ much more than you expected? Can it be seriously thought that such language would find its way to the lips of persons who habitually delighted to place their institutions in odious contrast with those of " the mother country?" Would a Pro- testant in England inquire of a Catholic from the Continent, with an expression of hope, whether his principles and form of worship did not greatly resemble those of the Church of Rome? Alas for the temper of a man like Captain Hall, who, in the sort oi^liJ questions put to him, can see nothing but a spirit uf vanity and intolerance! " In no other country," he says, "does there exist such an excessive and universal sensitiveness as to the opinions enter- tained of them by the English. It may be remarked in passing that they appear to care less for what is said of them by other forbipners; but it was not until I had studied this curious fea- ture m the Americans long and attentively, and in all parts of the country, that I came to a satisfactory explanation of it." In another place, he says, " I remember one evening, being a good deal struck with the driver singing, in a very plaintive style, * Should auld acquaintance be forgot.' I afterwards led him into conversation about our common country, as I thousht, but to niy surprise I fou.id he had never been out of North Carolina, though his feelings appeared nearly as true to the land of His forefathers as if they had never left it" Yet Captain Hall is obliged to resort to an invidious hypothe- sis to explain why the Americans should take a peculiar in- terest in the opinions entertained of them in " the land of their fore-fathers!" ^^>.' - " And if a future Scotch tourist should find amongst her de- scendants, this feeling yet alive— displaying itself in the warmth of his welcome, and in anxiety for his good opinion— how must CapUin Hall's indignation kindle at imag:nmg him en- fffised in fiaming some stupid and malignant hypothesis to ac- count for all this, and actually converting its eJiistence into a subject of ridicule and disparagement! The "unkindness'' of which he speaks, " may do much, but it has much to overcome. — " Naturam eipcUaa/ttroB tamen uaque recurrct." Let us hope that juster, and more gene(rous sentiments, may be culUvated. It was a custom of the States of Ancient Greece, which convoyed a beautiful mora!, that the memorials of their strife should be of perishable materials, and the Theban« were iustly rebuked in the Amphictyonic Council, for having com- memorated in brass their contest with the Lacedasmonians (Ci- cero Invent Lib. 2.) Surely such a policy oueht not to be forgotten, because we live in an age of ChnsUanlty. THS END. V tSiL ""f »8ing for a mo- largc a share in nces of fortune le suppose that ind heard, and low those fecl- urse to nurse? ears she would pe," recalled mongst her de- fin the warmth opinion — how fining him en- rpothesis to ac- ikistence into a lay do much," entiments, may Lncient Greece, norials of their s Thebans were 'or having com- dxmonians (Ci- ueht not to be nlty. 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